ELRC project Acquisition of bilingual data (from multilingual websites), normalization, cleaning, deduplication and identification of parallel documents have been done by ILSP-FC tool. Multilingual embeddings -based approach was adopted for alignment of segments. Merging/filtering of segment pairs has also been applied. en af 403 9023 9375 2831 2678

1.0153846153846153 Docteur Semmelweis (1995), France/Poland, director: Roger Andrieux Docteur Semmelweis, Frankryk/Pole 1995 (regisseur Roger Andrieux) 0.9010238907849829 Some women even preferred to give birth in the streets, pretending to have given sudden birth en route to the hospital (a practice known as street births), which meant they would still qualify for the child care benefits without having been admitted to the clinic. Party vroue het selfs liewer op straat geboorte geskenk en dan gesê dat dit plotseling gebeur het op pad na die kliniek (die praktyk was bekend as straatgeboortes), wat beteken het dat hulle steeds in aanmerking kom vir kindersorgvoordele sonder dat hulle in die kliniek hoef opgeneem te word. 0.8780487804878049 The Second Clinic's rate was considerably lower, averaging less than 4%. Die Tweede Kliniek se koers was aansienlik laer met ’n gemiddeld van minder as 4%. 1.5363636363636364 Amorphous silica consists of kieselgur (diatomite), from the skeletons of diatoms, and vitreous silica, produced by heating and then rapid cooling of crystalline silica. Silikose is 'n fibrose van die long wat ontstaan deur die inaseming van silika wanneer gesteentes geboor word. 0.9752066115702479 The demonstrations were led by medical students and young faculty members and were joined by workers from the suburbs. Die betoging is gelei deur mediese studente en jong fakulteitslede en hulle is ondersteun deur werkers van die buitewyke. 1.0294117647058822 This is especially important for people who handle food or work in the medical field, but also an important practice for the general public. Dit is veral belangrik vir mense wat kos hanteer of op die mediese gebied werk, maar ook 'n belangrike praktyk vir die algemene publiek. 0.9852941176470589 In fact the infectious agent remains viable over 600 °C (1,112 °F). In werklikheid bly die aansteeklike middel lewensvatbaar teen 600°C. 0.7192307692307692 After the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, an emergency operation centre was immediately activated. Nadat die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) op 30 Januarie 2020 COVID-19 tot 'n openbare wêreldwye bekommernis vir gesondheid verklaar het, is die nasionale noodoperasiesentrum, die National Joint Operational and Intelligence Structure (NATJOINTS) geaktiveer. 1.224264705882353 "The South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported that one of the WIV's lead researchers, Shi Zhengli, was the particular focus of personal attacks in Chinese social media alleging that her work on bat-based viruses was the source of the virus; this led Shi to post: ""I swear with my life, [the virus] has nothing to do with the lab""." Die South China Morning Post (SCMP) het berig dat een van die hoofnavorsers van die Instituut, Shi Zhengli, die besondere fokus was van persoonlike aanvalle in Chinese sosiale media wat beweer het dat haar werk op die vlermuis-gebaseerde virusse die bron van die virus is. 0.9382716049382716 After World War II, the disease was widely distributed throughout the world. Na afloop van die Tweede Wêreldoorlog was die siekte wyd oor die wêreld versprei. 1.3134328358208955 "Because the ""infectious dose"" for some pathogens can be very small (10-100 viable units or even less for some viruses), and infection can result from direct transfer of pathogens from surfaces via hands or food to the mouth, nasal mucous or the eye, 'hygienic cleaning' procedures should be sufficient to eliminate pathogens from critical surfaces." Die aansteeklike dosis van sekere patogene mag baie klein wees (10-100 lewensvatbare eenhede, of selfs minder vir sommige virusse), en infeksie kan die gevolg wees van direkte kontak met oppervlaktes deur die hande of kos wat na die mond, oë of neus oorgedra kan word. 0.7558139534883721 All livestock were culled and a quarantine erected over the area. Alle lewende hawe is van kant gemaak en 'n kwarantyn is oor die hele gebied bekragtig. 0.8645833333333334 This misunderstanding, and others like it, occurred partly because Semmelweis's work was known only through secondhand reports written by his colleagues and students. Hierdie wanvoorstelling, en ander soortgelykes, het deels voorgekom omdat Semmelweis se werk slegs bekend was aan die hand van tweedehandse verslae wat geskryf is deur sy kollegas en studente. 1.0360824742268042 During 1848–1849, some 70,000 troops from the Habsburg-ruled Austrian Empire thwarted the Hungarian independence movement, executed or imprisoned its leaders and in the process destroyed parts of Pest. Gedurende 1848–1849 het ongeveer 70 000 troepe van die Keiserryk Oostenryk die Hongaarse onafhanklikheidsbeweging in die wiele gery deur die leiers daarvan tereg te stel of in die tronk te stop. 1.2792207792207793 Symptoms of FMD in humans include malaise, fever, vomiting, red ulcerative lesions (surface-eroding damaged spots) of the oral tissues, and sometimes vesicular lesions (small blisters) of the skin. Simptome van bek-en-klouseer in mense sluit in ongesteldheid, koors, braking, rooi sweeragtige letsels van die mondweefsel en soms klein blase op die vel. 0.6808510638297872 Filtration using ceramic filters Filtrasie deur die gebruik van keramiek filters 0.6864864864864865 Police in New Jersey, United States reported incidents of criminals knocking on people's doors and claiming to be from the CDC. Die polisie in New Jersey, VSA, het berigte van voorvalle van misdadigers wat aan mense se deure geklop het en beweer dat hulle van die Sentrums vir Siektebeheer en Voorkoming (CDC) is. 1.0 The First Clinic had an average maternal mortality rate of about 10% due to puerperal fever. Die Eerste Kliniek het ’n gemiddelde moederlike sterftesyfer van 10% gehad weens kraamkoors. 0.8581081081081081 In the United Kingdom, from 1986 to 2015, more than 184,000 cattle were diagnosed with the peak of new cases occurring in 1993. In die Verenigde Koninkryk, van 1986 tot 2015, is meer as 184 000 beeste gediagnoseer met die hoogtepunt van nuwe gevalle wat in 1993 voorgekom het. 0.8977272727272727 To be effective, alcohol hand gels should contain not less than 60%v/v alcohol. Om doeltreffend te wees, moet 'n alkohol-handgel nie minder as 60%v/v alkohol bevat nie. 0.9665271966527197 Currently, the World Organisation for Animal Health recognizes countries to be in one of three disease states with regard to FMD: FMD present with or without vaccination, FMD-free with vaccination, and FMD-free without vaccination. Tans verdeel die Wêreldorganisasie vir Dieregesondheid lande in drie kategorieë met betrekking tot bek-en-klouseer: Bek-en-klouseer teenwoordig met of sonder inenting, Bek-en-klouseervry met inenting en Bek-en-klouseervry sonder inenting. 0.825 Later in the course of the disease the cow becomes unable to move. Later in die ontwikkeling van die siekte in ‘n bees kan die dier nie beweeg nie. 1.0 In developing countries, childhood mortality rates related to respiratory and diarrheal diseases can be reduced by introducing simple behavioral changes, such as hand washing with soap. In ontwikkelende lande kan kindersterftesyfers wat verband hou met asemhalings- en diarree-siektes verminder word deur eenvoudige gedragsveranderinge in te voer, soos handewas met seep. 1.0984848484848484 A 2013 study showed that improved hand washing practices may lead to small improvements in the length growth in children under five years of age. 'n Studie in 2013 het getoon dat verbeterde handewaspraktyke tot klein verbeterings in die groei van kinders onder vyf jaar kan lei. 1.1408450704225352 A few thousand additional cases have been reported in other regions of the world. 'n Paar duisend addisionele gevalle is in ander wêreldstreke aangemeld. 0.9262672811059908 Other causes included conception and pregnancy, uremia, pressure exerted on adjacent organs by the shrinking uterus, emotional traumata, mistakes in diet, chilling, and atmospheric epidemic influences. Ander oorsake het bevrugting en swangerskap, uremie, druk wat geplaas word op aangrensende organe weens ’n krimpende uterus, emosionele trauma, foute in dieet, verkoeling en atmosferiese epidemiese invloede ingesluit. 0.98 Because FMD rarely infects humans, but spreads rapidly among animals, it is a much greater threat to the agriculture industry than to human health. Omdat bek-en-klouseer selde mense besmet, maar vinnig onder diere versprei, is dit 'n veel groter risiko vir die landboubedryf as vir menslike welsyn. 0.9 Isolation or quarantine of infectious persons or materials to prevent spread of infection. Isolasie of kwarantyn van aansteeklike persone of materiaal om verspreiding van infeksie te voorkom. 0.9204545454545454 The time between infection and onset of symptoms is generally four to five years. Die tyd tussen infeksie en die begin van simptome is oor die algemeen vier tot vyf jaar. 0.9814814814814815 He was awarded his doctor of medicine degree in 1844. Hy het in 1844 ’n doktersgraad in geneeskunde verwerf. 0.8679245283018868 This genus has one species, influenza B virus. 'n Tweede groep is bekend as die Influensa B-virusse. 1.0769230769230769 "Méndez theorized that the virus was a weapon against Latin America and China and that its purpose was ""to demoralize the person, to weaken to install their system""." "Méndez het teoretiseer dat die virus 'n wapen teen Latyns-Amerika en China is en dat die doel daarvan is ""om die persoon te demoraliseer en te verswak.""" 0.8068965517241379 One of the first to respond to Semmelweis's 1848 communications was James Young Simpson, who wrote a stinging letter. Een van die eerste persone wat op Semmelweis se 1848-kommunikasie gereageer het, was James Young Simpson wat ’n sterk bewoorde brief geskryf het. 1.121212121212121 The 2020 schedule by session was approved by the IOC Executive Board on 18 July 2018, with the exception of swimming, diving, and artistic swimming. Die 2020-kalender is deur die IOK op 18 Julie 2018 – met die uitsondering van swem, sierduik en gesinchroniseerde swem – goedgekeur. 0.6271186440677966 Klein probably mistrusted Semmelweis. Dit lyk waarskynlik dat Klein vir Semmelweis gewantrou het. 0.9173913043478261 The main sources of infection in the home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods (particularly raw foods) and water, and domestic animals (in the U.S. more than 50% of homes have one or more pets). Die belangrikste bronne van infeksie in die huis is mense (wat  draers is of besmet is), voedsel (veral verwerkte voedsel) en water, en huishoudelike diere (in westerse lande meer as 50% van huishoudings een of meer troeteldiere). 0.8636363636363636 After hand washing was instituted in mid-May, the rates in June were 2.2%, July 1.2%, August 1.9% and, for the first time since the introduction of anatomical orientation, the death rate was zero in two months in the year following this discovery. Die sterftesyfer in April 1847 was 18,3%; nadat handewas in middel Mei ingestel is, was die sterftesyfer in Junie 2,2%, Julie 1,2%, Augustus 1,9% en, vir die eerste keer sedert die bekendstelling van anatomiese oriëntasie, was die sterftesyfer nul vir twee maande na hierdie ontdekking. 0.9565217391304348 There is no cross-protection between serotypes (a vaccine for one serotype will not protect against any others) and in addition, two strains within a given serotype may have nucleotide sequences that differ by as much as 30% for a given gene. Daar bestaan geen kruisbeskerming tussen serotipes nie (wat beteken dat 'n entstof vir een serotipe nie teen ander sal beskerm nie) en verder kan die variante binne 'n gegewe serotipe nukleotiedreekse hê wat met soveel as 30% verskil vir 'n gegewe geen. 0.9302325581395349 "According to Washington DC-based nonprofit Middle East Media Research Institute, numerous writers in the Arabic press have promoted the conspiracy theory that COVID-19, as well as SARS and the swine flu virus, were deliberately created and spread by the US to sell vaccines against these diseases, and it is ""part of an economic and psychological war waged by the US against China with the aim of weakening it and presenting it as a backward country and a source of diseases""." "Volgens die nie-winsgewende Midde-Ooste se Media-navorsingsinstituut (MEMRI), wat in Washington, D.C. gebaseer is, het talle skrywers in die Arabiese pers die samesweringsteorie bevorder dat COVID-19, sowel as EARS en die Varkgriepvirus doelbewus deur die VSA geskep en versprei is om entstowwe teen hierdie siektes te verkoop, en dat dit ""deel is van 'n ekonomiese en sielkundige oorlog wat die VSA teen China voer met die doel om dit te verswak en dit as 'n agterlike land en 'n bron van siektes voor te stel.""" 0.8975609756097561 On 11 March, 6 new cases were reported, with 1 case from the same travel group from Italy, while the other 5 cases appear unrelated having travel histories to other European countries. Op 11 Maart is 6 nuwe gevalle aangemeld, met 1 geval van dieselfde reisgroep uit Italië, terwyl die ander 5 gevalle nie met die voriges verband hou nie, hulle het reisgeskiedenisse na ander Europese lande. 1.3535353535353536 Of the seven serotypes of this virus, A, C, O, Asia 1, and SAT3 appear to be distinct lineages; SAT 1 and SAT 2 are unresolved clades. Daar is sewe verskillende soorte bek-en-klouseer serotipes: O, A, C, SAT-1, SAT-2, SAT-3 en Asië-1. 0.9396551724137931 Most of these practices were developed in the 19th century and were well established by the mid-20th century. Die meeste van hierdie praktyke is ontwikkel in die 19de eeu en was goed gevestig teen die middel van die 20ste eeu. 0.8059701492537313 Carry tissues and use them to catch coughs and sneezes Hou sneesdoekies byderhand en gebruik dit om nies en hoes te bedek. 0.9340659340659341 Indeed, initial responses to Semmelweis's findings were that he had said nothing new. "Aanvanklike terugvoer op Semmelweis se werk was selfs dat ""hy niks nuuts gesê het nie""." 1.0 Semmelweis (1940), Hungary, Mester Film, director: André de Toth Semmelweis, Hongarye 1940: Mester Film (regisseur André de Toth) 0.7317073170731707 Theory of cadaverous poisoning Ontdekking van kadaweragtige vergiftiging 0.8415300546448088 "Hossein Salami, the head of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), claimed the coronavirus outbreak in Iran may be due to a US ""biological attack""." "Hossein Salami (die hoof van van Iran se Islamitiese rewolusionêre wag) het beweer dat die koronavirus-uitbraak in Iran moontlik te wyte is aan 'n Amerikaanse ""biologiese aanval""." 1.094890510948905 "Two years after that, he published a second essay, ""The Difference in Opinion between Myself and the English Physicians regarding Childbed Fever""." "Twee jaar later het hy ’n tweede essay gepubliseer nl. ""Die verskil in opinie tussen myself en die Engelse artse rakende kraamkoors""." 1.105263157894737 Family and early life Gesin en vroeë lewe 0.851123595505618 It includes procedures used in a variety of domestic situations such as hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, food and water hygiene, general home hygiene (hygiene of environmental sites and surfaces), care of domestic animals, and home health care (the care of those who are at greater risk of infection). Dit sluit prosedures in wat gebruik word in 'n verskeidenheid van huishoudelike situasies soos handhigiëne, respiratoriese higiëne, kos- en waterhigiëne, algemene huishoudelike higiëne (higiëne van terreine en oppervlaktes), versorging van diere en huishoudelike gesondheidsorg (die versorging van diegene wat 'n groter risiko loop om infeksie op te doen). 1.0909090909090908 Worried about swine flu? "(en) ""Swine flu""." 1.0 "August Breisky, an obstetrician in Prague, rejected Semmelweis's book as ""naïve"" and he referred to it as ""the Koran of puerperal theology""." "August Breisky, ’n verloskundige in Praag, het Semmelweis se boek afgemaak as ""naïef"" en het daarna verwys as ""die Koran van kraamteologie""." 0.9526627218934911 Though most animals eventually recover from FMD, the disease can lead to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and death, especially in newborn animals. Hoewel die meeste diere uiteindelik herstel van bek-en-klouseer kan die siekte lei tot miokarditis (inflammasie van die hartspier) en die dood, veral by pasgebore diere. 0.855072463768116 New Zealand has never had a case of foot-and-mouth disease. Nieu-Seeland het nog nooit 'n uitbraak van bek-en-klouseer gehad nie. 0.795 On 23 April, Ramaphosa announced that there will be gradual and phased easing of lockdown restrictions, lowering the national alert level to 4 from 1 May 2020. Op 23 April het president Ramaphosa aangekondig dat daar 'n geleidelike en in fase verslapping van beperkings sal plaasvind, wat die nasionale waarskuwingsvlak vanaf 1 Mei 2020 tot vlak 4 sal verlaag. 0.6061776061776062 The company was named zum Weißen Elefanten (at the White Elephant) in Meindl-Haus in Tabán (today's 1-3, Apród Street, Semmelweis Museum of Medical History). genaamd zum Weißen Elephanten (na die Wit Olifant) in Meindl-Haus in Tabán (vandag se Apródstraat 1-3, Semmelweismuseum van Mediese Geskiedenis) Teen 1810 was hy ’n ryk man toe hy met Teresia Müller, dogter van die bekende koetsbouer Fülöp Müller getrou het. 1.2838137472283815 "Similarly, various Arab media outlets accused Israel and the United States of creating and spreading COVID-19, avian flu, and SARS. Users on social media offered a variety of theories, including the supposition that Jews had manufactured COVID-19 to precipitate a global stock market collapse and thereby profit via insider trading, while a guest on Turkish television posited a more ambitious scenario in which Jews and Zionists had created COVID-19, avian flu, and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever to ""design the world, seize countries, [and] neuter the world's population""." "Mense op sosiale media het 'n verskeidenheid teorieë aangebied, waaronder die veronderstelling dat Jode COVID-19 vervaardig het om 'n wêreldwye ineenstorting van die aandelemark te bewerkstellig en sodoende wins te maak, terwyl 'n gas op Turkse televisie 'n meer ambisieuse idee voorstel waarin Jode en Sioniste COVID-19, voëlgriep, en Kongokoors geskep het om ""die wêreld te herskep, lande te oorheers, en die wêreld se bevolking te steriliseer.""" 0.6804123711340206 He eliminated climate as a cause because the climate was the same. Hy het ook klimaat as ’n oorsaak uitgesluit omdat die klimaat by die twee klinieke dieselfde was. 0.8589743589743589 "He did this because he found that this chlorinated solution worked best to remove the putrid smell of infected autopsy tissue, and thus perhaps destroyed the causal ""poisonous"" or contaminating ""cadaveric"" agent hypothetically being transmitted by this material." "Hy het dit gedoen omdat hy gevind het dat die gechloreerde oplossing die beste gewerk het om die vrot reuk van besmette lykskouingsweefsel te verwyder, wat sodoende waarskynlik die kousale ""giftige"" of besmettende ""kadaweragtige"" agente vernietig wat veronderstel is om deur die materiaal oorgedra te word." 1.25 Once again, the results were impressive. Die resultate het weer beïndruk. 0.9863013698630136 Wang posted an apology on Weibo, in which she said she had been abused and threatened, and that she had only wanted to showcase Palauan cuisine. Wang het 'n verskoning op Weibo gepubliseer waarin sy gesê het dat sy dreigemente ontvang het, en dat sy slegs die Palauanse kookkuns wou vertoon. 0.8365384615384616 The task was to produce enough quantities of the protein to be used in the vaccination. Die hooftaak was om voldoende hoeveelhede van die proteïen te kon vervaardig om vir inenting te gebruik. 1.0611702127659575 "It oversees the implementation of the International Health Regulations, and publishes a series of medical classifications; of these, three are over-reaching ""reference classifications"": the International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD), the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI)." Die klassifikasie van siektes en mediese diagnoses (International Classification of Diseases of ICD-10-kodering), gesondheidsregulasies (International Health Regulations, IHR), van geneesmiddels (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical, ATC-kodering) asook fisiese gestremdhede (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, ICF) val ook onder die WGO se beheer. 0.9090909090909091 Solar disinfection – Solar disinfection is an effective method, especially when no chemical disinfectants are available. Sonkragontsmetting – Sonontsmetting is 'n effektiewe metode, veral wanneer daar geen chemiese ontsmettingsmiddels beskikbaar is nie. 0.9621621621621622 "A typical example was W. Tyler Smith, who claimed that Semmelweis ""made out very conclusively"" that ""miasms derived from the dissecting room will excite puerperal disease.""" "’n Tipiese voorbeeld was W. Tyler Smith wat beweer het dat Semmelweis ""baie beslissend uitgemaak het"" dat ""miasmas wat afgelei is van die ontledingskamer, kraamkoors sal aanhits""." 1.05625 Semmelweis, Ignác; von Györy, Tiberius (1905), Semmelweis's Gesammelte Werke Herausgegeben und zum Theil aus dem Ungarischen Übersetzt [The complete published works of Semmelweis, in part published from Hungarian] (in German), Jena Verlag von Gustav Fischer, p. 604 is the classic reference, in Latin print, not the original Gothic print. (de) Semmelweis, Ignác; von Györy, Tiberius (1905) (in Duits), Semmelweis’s Gesammelte Werke Herausgegeben und zum Theil aus dem Ungarischen Übersetzt, Jena Verlag von Gustav Fischer, pp. 604, http://books.google.com/?id=oVDSUzGAU1cC  is die klassieke verwysing, in Latynse druk, nie die oorspronklike Gotiese druk nie. 0.9731543624161074 In February 2020, BBC News reported that conspiracy theorists on social media groups alleged a link between coronavirus and 5G mobile networks, claiming Wuhan and Diamond Princess outbreaks were directly caused by electromagnetic fields and the introduction of 5G and wireless technologies. In Februarie 2020 berig die BBC dat samesweringsteoretici op sosiale mediagroepe 'n skakel tussen die koronavirus en 5G-mobiele netwerke beweer en dat die uitbrake van Wuhan en Diamond Princess direk veroorsaak is deur elektromagnetiese velde en die bekendstelling van 5G- en draadlose tegnologieë. 1.0246913580246915 These bots are claiming China intentionally created the virus, that it's a biological weapon, that Democrats are overstating the threat to hurt Donald Trump and more. Hulle beweer dat China opsetlik die virus geskep het, dat dit 'n biologiese wapen is, dat Demokrate die bedreiging oorskadu om Donald Trump seer te maak, en meer. 0.8461538461538461 Vaccination only provides temporary immunity that lasts from months to years. Inenting verskaf slegs tydelike immuniteit wat kan duur vir etlike maande tot 'n paar jaar. 1.012 "Public health has been defined as ""the science and art of preventing disease"", prolonging life and improving quality of life through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals""." "Openbare gesondheid is al beskryf as ""die wetenskap en kuns van siektevoorkoming, lewensverlenging en die bevordering van gesondheid deur die georganiseerde pogings en ingeligte keuses van die samelewing, organisasies, gemeenskappe en individue.""" 0.96875 On 7 March, it was announced that a woman from the same travel group from Italy, returning to Gauteng, also tested positive. Op 7 Maart is aangekondig dat 'n vrou uit dieselfde reisgroep uit Italië, wat na Gauteng terugkeer het, ook positief getoets is. 0.9342105263157895 After taking over in 1851, Semmelweis virtually eliminated the disease. Nadat hy in 1851 oorgeneem het, het Semmelweis die siekte feitlik uitgeroei. 1.391304347826087 Vaccine development and approval Inenting in die toekoms 1.0300751879699248 Most European countries have been recognized as disease-free, and countries belonging to the European Union have stopped FMD vaccination. Die meeste Europese lande word as vry van die siekte beskou en die lidlande van die Europese Unie het hul inentingsprogramme gestaak. 1.2424242424242424 The spread of misinformation about bat consumption has been characterized by xenophobic and racist sentiment toward Asians. Die verspreiding van verkeerde inligting rakende vlermuise is gewortel in xenofobie teenoor Asiërs. 0.9069767441860465 Armstrong R, Davie J, Hedger RS (1967). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.- 0.8571428571428571 Proper bandaging and dressing of injuries. Korrekte verbinding en wonddekking van beserings. 0.95625 It was reported that multiple social media posts have promoted a conspiracy theory claiming the virus was known and that a vaccine was already available. Verskeie poste op sosiale media het 'n samesweringsteorie bevorder waarin beweer word dat die koronavirus bekend was en dat daar reeds 'n entstof beskikbaar is. 1.2372881355932204 According to CDC data, silicosis in the United States is relatively rare. Wikimedia Commons het meer media in die kategorie Silikose. 0.8777777777777778 No evidence indicates Semmelweis was personally involved in the events of 1848. Daar is geen getuienis dat Semmelweis persoonlik betrokke was in die gebeure van 1848 nie. 1.0 The Semmelweis Hospital in Miskolc, Hungary. Die Semmelweishospitaal in Miskolc, Hongarye 0.9435897435897436 Like other RNA viruses, the FMD virus continually evolves and mutates, thus one of the difficulties in vaccinating against it is the huge variation between, and even within, serotypes. Soos ander virusse, ondergaan die bek-en-klouseervirus voortdurend 'n ewolusieproses en muteer wat dit moeilik maak om 'n entstof te ontwikkel omdat daar groot variasies tussen serotipes voorkom. 0.8680555555555556 Simpson surmised that the British obstetrical literature must be totally unknown in Vienna, or Semmelweis would have known that the British had long regarded childbed fever as contagious and would have employed chlorine washing to protect against it. Simpson het vermoed dat die Engelse verloskundige literatuur totaal onbekend in Wene was, anders sou Semmelweis weet dat die Engelse lankal reeds kraamkoors as aansteeklik geag het en dat hulle die was van hande in ’n gechloreerde kalkoplossing in werking sou stel om daarteen te beskerm. 0.7575757575757576 The cause of FMD was first shown to be viral in 1897 by Friedrich Loeffler. Friedrich Loeffler het in 1897 vir die eerste keer uitgewys dat die siekte se oorsaak 'n virus was. 0.9333333333333333 Correct respiratory and hand hygiene when coughing and sneezing reduces the spread of pathogens particularly during the cold and flu season. Die korrekte respiratoriese en handhigiëne wanneer mense hoes of nies verminder die verspreiding van kieme - veral tydens die verkoue en griepseisoen. 1.1 [...] In published medical works my teachings are either ignored or attacked. In gepubliseerde mediese werke word my leer òf geïgnoreer òf aangeval. 1.1844262295081966 The so-called Semmelweis reflex—a metaphor for a certain type of human behaviour characterized by reflex-like rejection of new knowledge because it contradicts entrenched norms, beliefs, or paradigms—is named after Semmelweis, whose ideas were ridiculed and rejected by his contemporaries. Die sogenaamde Semmelweisrefleks – ’n metafoor vir ’n sekere tipe menslike gedrag wat gekenmerk word deur ’n refleksagtige verwerping van nuwe kennis omdat dit die bestaande norme, oortuigings of paradigmas weerspreek – is genoem na Semmelweis. 0.8921568627450981 Several Iranian politicians, including Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Rasoul Falahati, Alireza Panahian, Abolfazl Hasanbeigi and Gholamali Jafarzadeh Imanabadi, also made similar remarks. Verskeie Iranse politici, waaronder Ali Khamenei, Hossein Amir-Abdollahian, Rasoul Falahati , Alireza Panahian, Abolfazl Hasanbeigi en Gholamali Jafarzadeh Imanabadi het ook soortgelyke opmerkings gemaak. 0.9142857142857143 At this crucial stage, Semmelweis himself had published nothing. Teen hierdie kritieke stadium het Semmelweis nog niks gepubliseer nie. 1.165289256198347 He reapplied, but had to wait until 10 October 1850 (more than 18 months), before finally being appointed docent of 'theoretical' obstetrics. Hy het weer aansoek gedoen maar moes tot 10 Oktober 1850 wag voordat hy bevorder is tot dosent in teoretiese verloskunde. 0.8717948717948718 "According to Radio Farda, Iranian cleric Seyyed Mohammad Saeedi accused US President Donald Trump of targeting Qom with coronavirus ""to damage its culture and honor""." "Volgens Radio Farda het die Iranse geestelike Seyyed Mohammad Saeedi die Amerikaanse president Donald Trump beskuldig dat hy Qom met die koronavirus teiken ""om sy kultuur en eer te beskadig""." 0.9242424242424242 "His duties were to examine patients each morning in preparation for the professor's rounds, supervise difficult deliveries, teach students of obstetrics and be ""clerk"" of records." Sy pligte was om elke oggend die pasiënte te ondersoek ter voorbereiding van die professor se rondtes, toesig te hou oor moeilike bevallings, studente van verloskunde leer en klerk wees oor rekords. 0.9545454545454546 Household water treatment and safe storage Hantering en berging van huishoudelike water 0.8 Separate raw and cooked foods to prevent contaminating the cooked foods. Hou rou en gaargemaakte voedsel apart om te verhoed dat gaar kos deur rou kos besmet word. 0.9392857142857143 In fact, Robert Koch later used precisely this fact to prove that various infecting materials contained living organisms which could reproduce in the human body; that is, since the poison could be neither chemical nor physical in operation, it must be biological. Robert Koch het selfs later juis hierdie feit gebruik om te bewys dat verskeie besmetlike materiale lewende organismes bevat het wat in die menslike liggaam opnuut voortgebring kan word, dit wil sê dat aangesien die gif nie chemies of fisies kon werk nie, dit biologies moes wees. 1.735632183908046 On 1 March 2020, the first patient later confirmed with COVID-19 in South Africa, returned with his wife and 8 others from the Metropolitan City of Milan in Italy, travelling via Dubai, O. R. Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park, Gauteng and King Shaka International Airport in Durban to Hilton. Die eerste pasiënt wat met COVID-19 in Suid-Afrika bevestig is, het op 1 Maart 2020 met sy vrou en 8 ander van die provinsie Milaan in Italië teruggekeer en deur Doebai; O.R. 1.0 Cybersecurity firm Check Point stated there has been a large increase in phishing attacks to lure victims into unwittingly installing a computer virus under the guise of coronavirus-themed emails containing attachments. Cybersecurity Check Point sê daar was 'n groot toename in phishing-aanvalle om slagoffers te lok om onbewustelik 'n rekenaarvirus te installeer onder die dekmantel van e-posse met koronavirus-temas wat aanhegsels bevat. 1.0 Facebook is also giving free advertising to WHO. Facebook gee ook gratis advertering aan die WGO. 0.856 Hand hygiene is central to preventing the spread of infectious diseases in home and everyday life settings. Hand higiëne is sentraal tot die voorkoming van die verspreiding van aansteeklike siektes in die huis en die alledaagse lewe. 1.5 That Mothers Might Live (1938), US, MGM, director: Fred Zinnemann, Oscar for the best short film 1938: MGM (regisseur Fred Zinnemann) Oscar vir die best kortfilm 0.6818181818181818 Many factors can be attributed to this issue. Daar is twee maniere waarop die beskerming bewerkstellig kan word. 0.7424242424242424 Methods for treatment of drinking water, include: Metodes vir die behandeling van drinkwater, sluit die volgende in: 0.8861788617886179 The professor of obstetrics at the University of Pest, Ede Flórián Birly, never adopted Semmelweis's methods. Die professor in verloskunde aan die Universiteit van Pest, Ede Flórián Birly, het nooit Semmelweis se metodes aanvaar nie. 0.9548022598870056 Jerry Falwell Jr., the president of Liberty University, promoted a conspiracy theory on Fox News that North Korea and China conspired together to create the coronavirus. "Jerry Falwell Jr., die president van ""Liberty University"" het op Fox News 'n samesweringsteorie bevorder dat Noord-Korea en China saamgesweer het om die koronavirus te skep." 0.775 After Birly died in 1854, Semmelweis applied for the position. Nadat Birly in 1854 oorlede is het Semmelweis vir die betrekking aansoek gedoen. 1.1076923076923078 "The main ""highways"" for the spread of pathogens in the home are the hands, hand and food contact surfaces, and cleaning cloths and utensils." "Die belangrikste ""paaie"" vir die verspreiding van kieme in die huis is die hande, hand – en voet kontakoppervlaktes, skoonmaak" 1.0045871559633028 "Conservative commentator Josh Bernstein claimed that the Democratic Party and the ""medical deep state"" were collaborating with the Chinese government to create and release the coronavirus to bring down Donald Trump." "Die regse kommentator Josh Bernstein het beweer dat die Demokratiese Party en die ""mediese diep-bedryf"" met die Chinese regering saamgewerk het om die koronavirus te skep en vry te stel om Donald Trump te laat val." 0.9839357429718876 Carl Edvard Marius Levy, head of the Copenhagen maternity hospital and an outspoken critic of Semmelweis's ideas, had reservations concerning the unspecific nature of cadaverous particles and that the supposed quantities were unreasonably small. Carl Edvard Marius Levy, hoof van die kraamhospitaal in Kopenhagen en uitgesproke kritikus van Semmelweis se idees, het bedenkinge gehad oor die onspesifieke aard van kadaweragtige partikels en dat die veronderstelde hoeveelhede onredelik klein was. 0.9104477611940298 Respiratory viruses and fungal spores are spread via the air. Respiratoriese virusse en swamspore word ook deur die lug versprei. 1.033112582781457 The public can be as small as a handful of people or as large as a village or an entire city; in the case of a pandemic it may encompass several continents. Die betrokke bevolking kan so klein soos 'n handvol mense of so groot soos al die inwoners van verskeie kontinente (in die geval van 'n pandemie) wees. 0.8307086614173228 In February 2020, US Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) and Francis Boyle, a law professor, suggested the virus may have originated in a Chinese lab; multiple medical experts have indicated there is no evidence for this. In Februarie 2020 het Tom Cotton ('n Amerikaanse senator) en Francis Boyle ('n regsprofessor) voorgestel dat die virus moontlik 'n Chinese biologiese wapen is, terwyl daar volgens die mening van talle mediese kundiges geen bewyse hiervan bestaan ​​nie. 0.8507462686567164 "It ""made me so miserable that life seemed worthless""." "Dit ""het my so ellendig laat voel dat die lewe waardeloos was""." 0.6944444444444444 Home and everyday hygiene Huishoudelike en  alledaagse higiëne 0.9716981132075472 Some doctors, for instance, were offended at the suggestion that they should wash their hands, feeling that their social status as gentlemen was inconsistent with the idea that their hands could be unclean. Sommige dokters het byvoorbeeld aanstoot geneem teen die voorstel dat hulle hulle hande moet was; hulle het gevoel dat hulle sosiale status as here teenstrydig sou wees met die idee dat hulle hande vuil sou wees. 0.883248730964467 Links that purportedly direct to the Johns Hopkins University coronavirus map, but instead direct to a false site that spreads malware, have been circulating on the Internet. Skakels wat voorgee om na die koronavirus-kaart van die Johns Hopkins-universiteit te gaan, maar in plaas daarvan na 'n vals webwerf gaan wat rekenaarvirusse versprei, het op die internet versprei. 0.9459459459459459 Hygiene is also the name of a branch of science that deals with the promotion and preservation of health. Higiëne is ook 'n vertakking van die wetenskap wat gemoeid is met die bevordering en handhawing van gesondheid. 0.9542857142857143 In the UK, the last confirmed human case occurred in 1966, and only a few other cases have been recorded in countries of continental Europe, Africa, and South America. In die Verenigde Koninkryk het die laaste menslike geval in 1967 voorgekom en slegs 'n handjievol ander gevalle is al aangeteken in die res van Europa, Afrika en Suid-Amerika. 0.8247422680412371 Cases are suspected based on symptoms and confirmed by examination of the brain. Gevalle word vermoed op grond van simptome en dit word bevestig deur die ondersoek van die brein. 0.9036697247706422 The first local transmission and first case in the Free State province was also announced, but withdrawn later in the day by the NICD who confirmed that the case's test result was in fact negative. Die eerste plaaslike oordrag en eerste geval in die Vrystaat is ook aangekondig, maar is later die dag teruggetrek deur die NICD wat bevestig het dat die geval 'n vals positiewe fout was en in werklikheid negatief was. 0.9045643153526971 According to US-based The National Interest magazine, although official Russian channels had been muted on pushing the US biowarfare conspiracy theory, other Russian media elements do not share the Kremlin's restraint. Volgens die Amerikaanse tydskrif The National Interest, hoewel amptelike Russiese kanale gedemp is om die Amerikaanse biologiese wapen-samesweringsteorie te bevorder, is ander Russiese media-elemente nie onder die beheer van die Kremlin nie. 1.0247524752475248 This statistic is not considered a reliable indication of an American belief that drinking the beer causes the virus, even though assumptions have been made along this line in the media and among the public. Hierdie statistiek word nie beskou as 'n betroubare aanduiding van 'n Amerikaanse geloof dat die drink van die bier die virus veroorsaak nie, hoewel dit geïmpliseer is in die media en onder die publiek. 1.1419753086419753 The clothes and skin of animal handlers such as farmers, standing water, and uncooked food scraps and feed supplements containing infected animal products can harbor the virus, as well. Die klere en vel van mense wat diere hanteer, stilstaande water en ongekookte voedselreste en byvoedings wat besmette dierprodukte bevat kan ook die virus oordra. 1.174757281553398 The result was the mortality rate in the First Clinic declined 90%, and was then comparable to that in the Second Clinic. Die resultaat was dat die sterftesyfer met 90% geval het in vergelyking met dié van die Tweede Kliniek. 0.9932885906040269 The lecture was presented before the Royal Medical and Surgical Society in London and a review published in The Lancet, a prominent medical journal. Die lesing is aangebied voor die Koninklike Mediese en Sjirurgiese Gemeenskap in Londen en ’n resensie in The Lancet, ’n prominente mediese tydskrif. 0.8292682926829268 Several viral tweets purporting that snorting cocaine would sterilize one's nostrils of the coronavirus spread around Europe and Africa. Verskeie virale sosiale media poste op Twitter wat beweer dat die snork van kokaïen die neusgate van die koronavirus steriliseer, het oor Europa en Afrika versprei. 0.9383259911894273 Countries designated FMD-free without vaccination have the greatest access to export markets, so many developed nations, including Canada, the United States, and the UK, work hard to maintain their current status. Lande wat aangewys is as bek-en-klouseervry sonder inenting het die grootste toegang tot uitvoermarkte en daarom werk ontwikkelde lande soos Kanada, die Verenigde State en die Verenigde Koninkryk hard om hulle status te behou. 0.9424460431654677 The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four other TB-causing mycobacteria: M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. Ander lede van die kompleks sluit in M. bovis, M. bovis BCG (die bakterie uit die vaksien teen TB), M. africanum, M. microti en M. canetii. 0.8773584905660378 "Facebook, Twitter and Google said they were working with WHO to address ""misinformation""." Facebook, Twitter en Google het gesê dat hulle saam met die WGO werk om verkeerde inligting aan te spreek. 0.9431818181818182 "I, Shi Zhengli, swear on my life that it has nothing to do with our laboratory""." "Ek, Shi Zhengli, sweer by my lewe dat dit niks met ons laboratorium te doen het nie.""" 1.018181818181818 Other, more subtle, factors may also have played a role. Ander meer subtiele faktore kon ook ’n rol gespeel het. 0.881578947368421 Semmelweis was severely troubled that his First Clinic had a much higher mortality rate due to puerperal fever than the Second Clinic. Semmelweis was ontsteld en het letterlik siek geword omdat sy Eerste Kliniek ’n baie hoër sterftesyfer weens kraamkoors gehad het as die Tweede Kliniek. 0.6608695652173913 About 4.4 million cows were killed during the eradication program in the UK. Ongeveer 4,4 miljoen beeste is tydens die uitroeiingsprogram vanaf 1986 in die Verenigde Koninkryk van kant gemaak. 0.8082901554404145 They then attempt to sell products at inflated prices or otherwise scam victims under the guise of educating and protecting the public from the coronavirus. Hulle probeer om produkte teen 'n verhoogde prys te verkoop of op 'n ander manier slagoffers te besteel onder die dekmantel van die opvoeding en beskerming van die publiek teen die koronavirus. 0.8429319371727748 This explained why the student midwives in the Second Clinic, who were not engaged in autopsies and had no contact with corpses, saw a much lower mortality rate. Dit het verduidelik hoekom die vroedvroustudente in die Tweede Kliniek, wat nie betrokke was by lykskouings nie en dus geen kontak met lyke gehad het nie, ’n baie laer sterftesyfer gehad het. 0.7198275862068966 Targeted hygiene is based on identifying the routes of pathogen spread in the home and introducing hygiene practices at critical times to break the chain of infection. Geteikende higiëne is gebaseer op die identifisering van die roetes van die verspreiding van patogene in die huis, en die toepassing van higiëniese prosedures op kritieke punte en gepaste tye om die ketting van infeksie te verbreek. 1.2333333333333334 There are 13 venues planned for 15 sports located in the vicinity of Tokyo Bay, southeast of the Olympic Village, predominantly on Ariake, Odaiba and the surrounding artificial islands. 20 plekke sal in of naby die Tokiobaai, suidoos van die Olimpiese dorp, hoofsaaklik op Ariake, Odaiba en die omliggende kunsmatige eilande geleë wees. 1.4583333333333333 Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) Hand, voet en mondsiekte 0.8983050847457628 He held that position for six years, until June 1857. Hy het hierdie posisie vir ses jaar beklee, tot Junie 1857. 0.8055555555555556 The two clinics used almost the same techniques, and Semmelweis started eliminating all possible differences, including even religious practices. Die twee klinieke het amper dieselfde tegnieke gebruik en Semmelweis het deur ’n noukeurige proses begin om alle moontlike verskille, insluitend religieuse praktyke, uit te skakel. 0.8707482993197279 Later, after failing to obtain an appointment in a clinic for internal medicine, Semmelweis decided to specialize in obstetrics. Nadat hy nie daarin kon slaag om ’n pos in ’n kliniek vir interne geneeskunde te kry nie, het Semmelweis besluit om in verloskunde te spesialiseer. 1.065934065934066 The WHO stated that the high demand for timely and trustworthy information has incentivised the creation of a direct WHO 24/7 myth-busting hotline where its communication and social media teams have been monitoring and responding to misinformation through its website and social media pages. Die WGO het gesê dat die groot vraag na tydige en betroubare inligting die skepping van 'n direkte kommunikasielyn om mites teë te werk aangespoor het, waar die kommunikasie- en sosiale media-spanne op die WGO se webwerf en sosiale media-bladsye gemonitor en gereageer het. 1.0972222222222223 Pathogens can also be spread via clothing and household linens, such as towels. Kieme kan ook versprei deur klere en huishoudelike linne soos handdoeke. 0.9645669291338582 Despite various publications of results where hand washing reduced mortality to below 1%, Semmelweis's observations conflicted with the established scientific and medical opinions of the time and his ideas were rejected by the medical community. Ten spyte van verskeie uitgawes van resultate waar handwassery mortaliteit tot onder 1% verminder het, het Semmelweis se waarnemings gebots met die bestaande wetenskaplike en mediese opinies van die tyd en sy idees is deur die mediese gemeenskap verwerp. 1.1292134831460674 Control measures include quarantine and destruction of both infected and healthy (non-infected) livestock, and export bans for meat and other animal products to countries not infected with the disease. Beheermaatreëls sluit kwarantyn en die vernietiging van besmette lewende hawe en die verbod op uitvoere van vleis en ander produkte na lande wat nie met die siekte besmet is nie. 1.0 Semmelweis immediately proposed a connection between cadaveric contamination and puerperal fever. Semmelweis het onmiddellik ’n verband tussen kadaweragtige vergiftiging en kraamkoors voorgestel. 0.7872340425531915 Other legacies of Semmelweis include: Van Semmelweis se ander nalatenskappe sluit in: 0.8594594594594595 Some accounts emphasize that Semmelweis refused to communicate his method officially to the learned circles of Vienna, nor was he eager to explain it on paper. Sommige verslae beklemtoon dat Semmelweis geweier het om sy metode amptelik aan die geleerde kringe in Wene te kommunikeer, en hy was ook nie ywerig om dit op papier te verduidelik nie. 0.6753246753246753 Some media outlets, including Daily Mail and RT, as well as individuals, disseminated a video showing a Chinese woman eating a bat, falsely suggesting it was filmed in Wuhan and connecting it to the outbreak. Sommige media, waaronder Daily Mail en RT ('n Russiese internasionale televisienetwerk wat deur die regering gefinansier word), sowel as individue het verkeerde inligting versprei deur 'n video, wat 'n jong Chinese vrou wys wat 'n vlermuis eet, te versprei en valslik voorgestel dat dit in Wuhan opgeneem is. 0.9139072847682119 Similar incidents have occurred in Turkey, with 30 Turkmenistan citizens dying from methanol poisoning related to coronavirus cure claims. Soortgelyke voorvalle het in Turkye plaasgevind, met 30 Turkmeense burgers wat aan metanolvergiftiging gesterf het wat verband hou met die koronavirus. 1.0748663101604279 Semmelweis' breakthrough occurred in 1847, following the death of his good friend Jakob Kolletschka, who had been accidentally poked with a student's scalpel while performing a post mortem examination. Die deurbraak het in 1847 plaasgevind na die dood van sy goeie vriend Jakob Kolletschka wat per ongeluk met ’n student se ontleedmes gesteek is terwyl hy ’n nadoodse ondersoek gedoen het. 1.1507936507936507 Since vaccination with cowpox was much safer than smallpox inoculation, the latter, though still widely practised in England, was banned in 1840. Omdat die inenting van koeipokke minder mense siek gemaak het, word die inenting van gewone pokke in 1840 in Engeland verbied. 1.3076923076923077 Clean one's hands by handwashing or using an alcohol hand sanitizer. Was hande gereeld of gebruik 'n alkoholhandreiniger. 0.8525641025641025 Safe disposal of human waste is a fundamental need; poor sanitation is a primary cause of diarrhea disease in low income communities. Veilige verwydering van menslike afval is 'n fundamentele behoefte; swak sanitasie is 'n primêre oorsaak van diarree en siekte in lae-inkomste gemeenskappe. 0.9270833333333334 During 1851–1855, only eight patients died from childbed fever out of 933 births (0.85%). Gedurende 1851–1855 is slegs 8 pasiënte uit 933 aan kraamkoors oorlede (’n gemiddeld van 0.85%). 1.2317073170731707 Four cases were reported globally in 2017, and the condition has been deemed to be nearly eradicated. In 2017 is net vier gevalle wêreldwyd aangemeld, en die toestand is byna uitgewis. 1.2424242424242424 Participating National Olympic Committees Internasionale Olimpiese Komitee. 1.0240963855421688 "The WHO reported as of February 5, 2020, that amid news reports of ""breakthrough"" drugs being discovered to treat people infected with the virus, there were no known effective treatments; this included antibiotics and herbal remedies not being useful." Die WGO het op 5 Februarie 2020 berig dat, te midde van nuusberigte oor 'deurbraak' medisyne, is daar geen doeltreffende behandelings bekend vir mense wat met die virus besmet is nie en dit sluit antibiotika en kruiemiddels in wat geen nut het nie. 1.0819672131147542 Using a process or product that inactivates the pathogens in situ. Die gebruik van produkte wat patogene op die plek inaktiveer. 1.28 In 1848, a series of tumultuous revolutions swept across Europe. In 1848 het ’n reeks rewolusies oor Europa getrek. 0.7591623036649214 Public health communications programs, vaccination programs and distribution of condoms are examples of common preventive public health measures. Inentingsprogramme, bewusmakingsveldtogte en die verspreiding van kondome om te voorkom dat oordraagbare siektes versprei is voorbeelde van algemene voorkomende openbare gesondheidsmaatreëls. 1.135135135135135 Semmelweis – Retter der Mütter (1950), East Germany, DEFA, director: Georg C. Klaren Semmelweis – Retter der Mütter, GDR 1950: DEFA (regisseur Georg C. Klaren) 0.9157303370786517 "According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ""Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases.""" "Volgens die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) verwys higiëne na "" omstandighede en gebruike wat bydra om gesondheid te handhaaf en die verspreiding van siektes te voorkom""." 0.9076305220883534 As accounts of the dramatic reduction in mortality rates in Vienna were being circulated throughout Europe, Semmelweis had reason to expect that the chlorine washings would be widely adopted, saving tens of thousands of lives. Soos verslae van die dramatiese vermindering in sterftesyfers in Wene deur Europa gesirkuleer is, het Semmelweis rede gehad om te glo dat die praktyk van gechloreerde handewas ruimskaals toegepas sou word waardeur tienduisende lewens gered sou word. 0.9197860962566845 In a textbook, Carl Braun, Semmelweis's successor as assistant in the first clinic, identified 30 causes of childbed fever; only the 28th of these was cadaverous infection. Carl Braun, Semmelweis se opvolger by die eerste kliniek, het 30 oorsake vir kraamkoors geïdentifiseer in ’n handboek wat hy geskryf het; die 28ste een hiervan was kadaweragtige infeksie. 0.9626168224299065 A poll was released showing that 38% of American beer-drinkers have refused to drink Corona-brand beer. In 'n meningspeiling is gewys dat 38% van die Amerikaanse bierdrinkers geweier het om Corona-bier te drink. 0.8622448979591837 Semmelweis's hypothesis, that there was only one cause, that all that mattered was cleanliness, was extreme at the time, and was largely ignored, rejected, or ridiculed. Semmelweis se veronderstelling dat daar slegs een oorsaak was en dat sindelikheid al was wat saak gemaak het, was buitengewoon vir die tyd en is ruimskoots geïgnoreer, verwerp of bespotlik gemaak. 2.8468468468468466 Sometime during the late 1760s whilst serving his apprenticeship as a surgeon/apothecary Edward Jenner learned of the story, common in rural areas, that dairy workers would never have the often-fatal or disfiguring disease smallpox, because they had already contracted cowpox, which has a very mild effect in humans. In die 1770's besef dr. Edward Jenner dat mense wat reeds koeipokke gehad het meestal nie gewone pokke kry nie. 1.503875968992248 In situations where hand washing with soap is not an option (e.g., when in a public place with no access to wash facilities), a water less hand sanitizer such as an alcohol hand gel can be used. in 'n openbare plek met geen toegang tot wasfasiliteite), kan 'n waterlose handreiniger soos 'n alkohol-handgel gebruik kan word. 0.8478260869565217 The editor remarked sarcastically that it was time people stopped being misled about the theory of chlorine washings. Die redakteur het sarkasties opgemerk dat mense nie meer mislei moet word deur die teorie van handewas in gechloreerde kalkoplossings nie. 1.0 Some of these venues were originally constructed for the 1964 Summer Olympics. Verskeie van hierdie plekke is ook vir die Olimpiese Somerspele 1964 ingespan. 1.2 Because the virus that causes FMD is sensitive to stomach acid, it cannot spread to humans via consumption of infected meat, except in the mouth before the meat is swallowed. Omdat die virus wat bek-en-klouseer veroorsaak sensitief is vir maagsuur, kan dit nie na mense versprei word deur die eet van besmette vleis nie. 0.9279279279279279 These and similar misinterpretations continued to cloud discussions of his work throughout the century. Hierdie en soortgelyke wanvoorstellings sou voortgaan om besprekings van sy werk regdeur die eeu te verduister. 0.8817204301075269 In Europe all cattle over 30 months must be tested if they will become human food. In Europa moet alle beeste ouer as 30 maande getoets word as hulle menslike voedsel sou word. 1.1639344262295082 Semmelweis's views were much more favorably received in the United Kingdom than on the continent, but he was more often cited than understood. Semmelweis se insigte is baie beter ontvang in Engeland as op die kontinent, maar hy is meer gereeld uitgewys as verstaan. 1.0188679245283019 However, the widely circulated video contains unrelated footage of a Chinese travel vlogger, Wang Mengyun, eating bat soup in the island country of Palau in 2016. Die video wat wyd versprei is bevat onverwante beeldmateriaal van 'n Chinese reisvideoweblogger, Wang Mengyun, wat vlermuissop eet op die eiland Palau in 2016. 1.0 His teachers included Carl von Rokitansky, Joseph Škoda and Ferdinand von Hebra. Van sy leermeesters was Carl von Rokitansky, Josef Škoda en Ferdinand von Hebra. 1.005464480874317 "Hand washing with soap at ""critical moments"" during the day prevents the spread of many diseases, for example diarrhoea and cholera, which are transmitted through fecal–oral route." Handewas met seep op sekere kritieke oomblikke gedurende die dag kan voorkom dat baie siektes versprei word, byvoorbeeld diarree en cholera, wat via fekale-orale kontak oorgedra word. 0.7931034482758621 Chemical disinfection using chlorine or iodine Chemiese ontsmetting deur die gebruik van chloor of jodium 0.9081632653061225 Cases are classified as classic or atypical, with the latter divided into H- and L types. Gevalle word as klassiek of atipies geklassifiseer, en laasgenoemde is opgedeel in H- en L-soorte. 0.8695652173913043 Hebra claimed that Semmelweis's work had a practical significance comparable to that of Edward Jenner's introduction of cowpox inoculations to prevent smallpox. Von Hebra het aangevoer dat Semmelweis se werk ’n praktiese betekenis gehad het wat vergelykbaar was met dié van Edward Jenner se voorstelling van koeipokinentings om pokke te voorkom. 1.117117117117117 The WHO (World Health Organization) recommends hand washing with ash if soap is not available in critical situations, schools without access to soap and other difficult situations like post-emergencies where use of (clean) sand is recommended, too. Die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie beveel aan dat hande met as gewas word in noodgevalle, By skole sonder toegang tot seep en in ander moeilike situasies – soos post-noodgevalle – word die gebruik van skoon sand aanbeveel. 0.5533333333333333 The WHO was established in 7 April 1948, which is commemorated as World Health Day. Die WGO (Engels: WHO – World Health Organisation) het op 7 April 1948 totstand gekom (7 April word ook as internasionale Wêreldgesondheidsdag gevier). 1.4634146341463414 Tokyo, Istanbul, and Madrid were the three candidate cities. Ander kandidate was: Istanboel en Madrid. 0.7154471544715447 "Thus, Semmelweis concluded some unknown ""cadaverous material"" caused childbed fever." "Semmelweis het dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat onbekende ""kadaweragtige materiaal"" die oorsaak van kraamkoors was." 0.9213483146067416 "While we can't confirm the origin of these bots, they are decidedly pro-Trump.""" "Alhoewel ons nie die oorsprong van hulle kan bevestig nie, is hulle beslis vir Trump.""" 1.21875 Roughly one-quarter of the world's population has been infected with M. tuberculosis, with new infections occurring in about 1% of the population each year. Meer as 'n derde van die wêreld se bevolking het die TB-bakterie in hul liggame en nuwe infeksies kom voor teen een per sekonde. 0.7898550724637681 "Iran's Press TV asserted that ""Zionist elements developed a deadlier strain of coronavirus against Iran""." "Iran se Press TV het aangevoer dat ""Sionistiese elemente 'n dodeliker tipe van koronavirus ontwikkel het en wat teen Iran gebruik is.""" 0.9090909090909091 Some articles on popular sites in China have also cast suspicion on US military athletes participating in the Wuhan 2019 Military World Games, which lasted until the end of October 2019, and have suggested they deployed the virus. Sommige artikels op gewilde webwerwe in Chinees wek ook die verdenking van Amerikaanse militêre atlete wat aan die Wuhan 2019 Militêre Wêreldspele deelgeneem het, wat tot einde Oktober 2019 geduur het, en het voorgestel dat hulle die virus ontplooi het. 1.0429447852760736 Ferdinand von Hebra, the editor of a leading Austrian medical journal, announced Semmelweis's discovery in the December 1847 and April 1848 issues of the medical journal. Ferdinand von Hebra, redakteur van ’n leidende Oostenrykse mediese tydskrif, het in die Desember 1847 en April 1848 uitgawes Semmelweis se ontdekkings aangekondig. 0.8857142857142857 Scientists are working to develop a vaccine, but as of March 18, 2020, no vaccine candidates have completed clinical trials. Wetenskaplikes werk daaraan om 'n entstof te ontwikkel, maar tot en met 18 Maart 2020 het geen entstofkandidate kliniese toetse voltooi nie. 1.1231884057971016 "According to his own account, he left Vienna because he was ""unable to endure further frustrations in dealing with the Viennese medical establishment""." "Volgens sy eie vertelling het hy Wene verlaat omdat hy ""nie in staat was om verdere frustrasies met die Weense medici te verduur nie""." 0.8104265402843602 "Kenyan Secretary of Health Mutahi Kagwe explicitly refuted rumors that ""those with black skin cannot get coronavirus"", while announcing Kenya's first case on March 13." "Die Keniaanse minister van gesondheid, Mutahi Kagwe, het die gerugte dat ""diegene met swart velle nie COVID-19 kry nie"" eksplisiet weerlê, nadat Kenia se eerste geval van COVID-19 op 13 Maart aangekondig is." 0.918918918918919 Medical hygiene practices include: Mediese higiëniese praktyke sluit in: 1.0 Two maternity clinics were at the Viennese hospital. Daar was twee kraamklinieke in die Weense hospitaal. 1.0408163265306123 In return for the free services, the women would be subjects for the training of doctors and midwives. In ruil vir die gratis diens sou die vroue onderhewig wees aan dokters en vroedvrou vir opleiding. 1.1666666666666667 By 23 April the total number of tests was 143570. Teen 23 April is 143 570 toetse uitgevoer. 0.9580838323353293 To his contemporaries, Semmelweis seemed to be reverting to the speculative theories of earlier decades that were so repugnant to his positivist contemporaries. Dit het vir Semmelweis se tydgenote voorgekom of hy terugkeer na die spekulatiewe teorieë van vorige dekades wat volgens sy positivistiese tydgenote so afstootlik was. 0.9294117647058824 Medical hand hygiene refers to hygiene practices related to medical procedures. Mediese handhigiëne verwys na higiënepraktyke wat met mediese prosedures verband hou. 1.2248062015503876 "Zerohedge listed the full contact details of the scientist supposedly responsible, a practice known as doxing, by including the scientist's name, photo, and phone number, suggesting to readers that they ""pay [the Chinese scientist] a visit"" if they wanted to know ""what really caused the coronavirus pandemic""." "ZeroHedge het die volledige kontakbesonderhede van die wetenskaplikes wat vermoedelik verantwoordelik was gelys en aan lesers voorgestel dat hulle die Chinese wetenskaplike ""besoek"" as hulle wil weet ""wat die koronaviruspandemie regtig veroorsaak het.""" 1.2533333333333334 Many doctors, particularly in Germany, appeared quite willing to experiment with the practical hand washing measures that he proposed—although virtually everyone rejected his basic and ground-breaking theoretical innovation: that the disease had only one cause, lack of cleanliness. Baie dokters, veral in Duitsland, het bereidwillig gelyk om met die praktiese handewasmaatreëls te eksperimenteer wat deur Semmelweis voorgestel is, maar byna almal het sy basiese en baanbrekende teoretiese innovasie verwerp. 1.0512820512820513 This fact was known outside the hospital. Dit was buite die hospitaal ook bekend. 0.9122807017543859 He was the fifth child out of ten of the prosperous grocer family of József Semmelweis and Teréz Müller. Hy was die vyfde kind van tien van ’n welvarende kruideniersgesin met Josef en Teresia Müller Semmelweis as ouers. 0.7256637168141593 A Filipino Senator, Tito Sotto, played a bioweapon conspiracy video in a February 2020 Senate hearing, suggesting the coronavirus is biowarfare waged against China. 'n Filipynse senator, Tito Sotto, het 'n samesweringsvideo oor biologiese wapens gespeel tydens 'n verhoor in die Amerikaanse Senaat in Februarie 2020, wat daarop dui dat die koronavirus biologiese oorlogvoering teen China is. 1.0588235294117647 Medical texts at the time emphasized that each case of disease was unique, the result of a personal imbalance, and the main difficulty of the medical profession was to establish precisely each patient's unique situation, case by case. Mediese handboeke van daardie tyd het beklemtoon dat elke geval van siekte uniek was (die gevolg van ’n persoonlike wanbalans) en dit was baie moeilik vir die medici om elke pasiënt se unieke situasie presies vas te stel. 0.73 Simply put, if the chain of infection is broken, infection cannot spread. Die eenvoudige beginsel is dat infeksie nie kan versprei wanneer die oordragketting verbreek is nie. 0.6415094339622641 "Snopes noted that the logo was not from the WIV, but a company named Shanghai Ruilan Bao Hu San Biotech Ltd (located some 500 miles (800 km) away in Shanghai), and that the correct name of the city in Resident Evil was ""Raccoon City""." "Die gewildheid van hierdie teorie het die aandag van Snopes getrek en hulle het bewys dat dit onwaar is dat die embleem van die WIV afkomstig is, maar eintlik van die maatskappy Shanghai Ruilan Bao Hu San Biotech Ltd, wat ongeveer 800 kilometer van Wuhan in Sjanghai geleë is, en ook daarop gewys dat die werklike naam van die stad in Resident Evil ""Raccoon City"" is." 1.0265486725663717 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a neurodegenerative disease of cattle. Sponsagtige beesenkefalopatie (BSE), algemeen bekend as malbeessiekte, is 'n neurodegeneratiewe siekte by beeste. 0.8591549295774648 Point-of-use water quality interventions can reduce diarrheal disease in communities where water quality is poor or in emergency situations where there is a breakdown in water supply. waterkwaliteit wat by die gebruikspunt plaasvind kan diarree verwante siektes – in gemeenkappe waar waterkwaliteit swak is – beperk, asook tydens noodtoestande wanneer daar 'n onderbreking is in water voorsiening. 0.9876543209876543 "When Semmelweis's term was about to expire, Carl Braun also applied for the position of ""assistant"" in the First Clinic, possibly at Klein's own invitation." Toe Semmelweis se termyn sou verstryk, het Carl Braun ook aansoek gedoen om die betrekking van assistent in die Eerste kliniek, moontlik op uitnodiging van Klein. 0.9463414634146341 "In 1861, Semmelweis finally published his main work Die Ätiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers (German for ""The Etiology, Concept and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever"")." In 1861 het Semmelweis uiteindelik sy groot werk gepubliseer met die titel Die Ätiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbettfiebers (Duits vir Die Etiologie, Konsep en Voorkoming van Kraamkoors). 1.0309597523219813 "It has been seen as an irony that Semmelweis' critics considered themselves positivists, but even positivism suffers problems in the face of theories which seem magical or superstitious, such as the idea that ""corpse particles"" might turn a person into a corpse, with no causal mechanism being stipulated, after a simple contact." "Dit is ironies dat Sammelweis se kritici hulself as positiviste geag het, maar selfs die positivisme het probleme in die lig van teorieë wat betowerend of bygelowig is, soos die idee dat ""kadaweragtige partikels"" ’n mens, na kortstondige kontak, in ’n kadawer kan omskep sonder dat enige kousale meganisme vasgestel is." 0.875 Semmelweis was appointed assistant to Professor Johann Klein in the First Obstetrical Clinic of the Vienna General Hospital on July 1, 1846. Semmelweis is op 1 Julie 1846 aangestel as professor Johann Klein se assistent in die Eerste Verloskundige Kliniek van die Algemene Hospitaal van die Stad Wene. 0.926829268292683 "[...] What protected those who delivered outside the clinic from these destructive unknown endemic influences?""" "[…] Wat het diegene beskerm wat buite die kliniek gekraam het, weg van die vernietigende onbekende endemiese invloede?""" 1.107883817427386 The 2020 Summer Olympics (Japanese: 2020年夏季オリンピック, Hepburn: Nisen Nijū-nen Kaki Orinpikku), officially the Games of the XXXII Olympiad and commonly known as Tokyo 2020 (Tōkyō ni-zero-ni-zero), is an upcoming international multi-sport event to be held in Tokyo, Japan. Die Olimpiese Somerspele 2020 (Japannees: 第三十二回オリンピック競技大会; Dai Sanjūni-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai), amptelik bekend as die Spele van die XXXIIste Olimpiade, sou oorspronklik tussen 24 Julie en 9 Augustus 2020 in Tokio, Japan, aangebied word. 0.7912087912087912 The two clinics admitted on alternate days, but women begged to be admitted to the Second Clinic, due to the bad reputation of the First Clinic. Die twee klinieke het daagliks om die beurt vroue ingeneem maar die vroue het begin smeek om in die Tweede Kliniek opgeneem te word weens die slegte reputasie van die Eerste Kliniek. 1.381578947368421 A few days after being notified of his appointment, Semmelweis left Vienna abruptly and returned to Pest. ’n Paar dae na sy aanstelling het Semmelweis plotseling na Pest teruggekeer. 1.0 On 3 March, the patient reported with symptoms to a private general practitioner and isolated himself; the doctor isolated herself as well. Op 3 Maart het die pasiënt simptome by 'n privaat algemene praktisyn aangemeld en homself geïsoleer; die dokter het haarself ook geïsoleer. 0.8518518518518519 While a student was successfully treated, other media sources have noted that no evidence implies Africans are more resistant to the virus and labeled such claims as false information. Terwyl 'n student suksesvol behandel is, het ander bronne in die media opgemerk dat geen bewyse daarop dui dat mense van Afrika meer weerstand bied teen die virus nie en dat die eise as vals inligting bestempel word. 0.8869257950530035 "Caixin reported Shi made further public statements against ""perceived tinfoil-hat theories about the new virus's source"", quoting her as saying: ""The novel 2019 coronavirus is nature punishing the human race for keeping uncivilized living habits." "Caixin ('n media- en nuuswebwerf) berig dat Shi verdere openbare uitsprake gemaak het teen ""waargenome teorieë oor die nuwe virus se bron"", en aangehaal dat sy gesê het: ""Die nuwe Koronavirus van 2019 is die natuur wat mense straf vir die behoud van onbeskaafde lewensgewoontes." 0.8878504672897196 Semmelweis was obliged to leave the obstetrical clinic when his term expired on March 20, 1849. Semmelweis was verplig om die verloskundige kliniek te verlaat toe sy termyn op 20 Maart 1849 verstryk het. 1.0705882352941176 The British consistently regarded Semmelweis as having supported their theory of contagion. Die Engelse het aanhou glo dat Semmelweis hulle teorie van aansteking ondersteun het. 0.9257142857142857 On 20 May 1851, Semmelweis took the relatively insignificant, unpaid, honorary head-physician position of the obstetric ward of Pest's small Szent Rókus Hospital. Op 20 Mei 1851 het Semmelweis die relatief onbeduidende, onbetaalde werk van hoof-geneesheer van die verloskundige afdeling van die klein St. Rochus-hospitaal in Pest aanvaar. 1.2981366459627328 People can also become infected with respiratory diseases such as influenza or the common cold, for example, if they do not wash their hands before touching their eyes, nose, or mouth (i.e., mucous membranes). Mense kan ook besmet raak met asemhalingsiektes soos griep of verkoue, byvoorbeeld as hulle nie hul hande was voordat hulle hul oë, neus of mond raak nie (m.a.w. 0.971830985915493 Symptoms include abnormal behavior, trouble walking, and weight loss. Simptome sluit in abnormale gedrag, probleme met loop en gewigsverlies. 1.072992700729927 Use of ash is common in rural areas of developing countries and has in experiments been shown at least as effective as soap for removing pathogens. Die gebruik van as is algemeen en eksperimente het getoon dat dit ten minste so effektief soos seep is vir die verwydering van bakterieë. 0.6343283582089553 Preventing the spread of diseases means breaking the chain of infection transmission. Die voorkoming van die verspreiding van aansteeklike siektes is daarin vervat dat die  ketting van infeksieoordrag verbreek moet word. 0.85 Twitter later permanently suspended the blog's account for violating its platform-manipulation policy. Twitter het later die webjoernaal se rekening permanent opgeskort vir die oortreding van sy platformmanipuleringsbeleid. 0.9885057471264368 Semmelweis was puzzled that puerperal fever was rare among women giving street births. Semmelweis was verbaas dat kraamkoors minder was onder vroue wat op straat gekraam het. 0.7861842105263158 In 2017, US molecular biologist Richard H. Ebright, expressed caution when the WIV was expanded to become mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory, noting previous escapes of the SARS virus at other Chinese laboratories. "In 201 het die Amerikaanse molekulêre bioloog Richard H. Ebright sy kommer uitgespeek toe die WIV uitgebrei is om die vasteland van China se eerste ""biologiese veiligheid vlak 4"" laboratorium te word, hy het mense aan die vorige ontsnapping van die SARS-virus by ander Chinese laboratoriums herinner." 0.6935483870967742 Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Die longe word meestal aangetas (pulmonêre TB), maar verskeie ander stelsels en organe in die liggaam kan ook aangetas word. 0.7263157894736842 Home hygiene pertains to the hygiene practices that prevent or minimize the spread of disease at home and other everyday settings such as social settings, public transport, the workplace, public places, etc. Huishoudelike higiëne  het betrekking op die higiëniese praktyke wat die insidensie van siektes en die verspreiding daarvan minimaliseer of voorkom in die huishoudelike omgewing en in alledaagse omstandighede soos sosiale geleenthede, openbare vervoer, die werkplek en openbare plekke. 0.830945558739255 The Washington Post later published an article debunking the conspiracy theory, citing US experts who explained why the WIV was unsuitable for bioweapon research, that most countries had abandoned bioweapons as fruitless, and that there was no evidence the virus was genetically engineered. Die Washington Post het later 'n artikel gepubliseer waarin die samesweringsteorie uiteengesit is, met verwysing na Amerikaanse kundiges wat verduidelik het waarom die instituut nie geskik is vir biowapennavorsing nie, dat die meeste lande biowapens as vrugteloos laat vaar het, en dat daar geen bewyse is dat die virus geneties gemanipuleer is nie. 1.541871921182266 As such, the Semmelweis story is often used in university courses with epistemology content, e.g. philosophy of science courses—demonstrating the virtues of empiricism or positivism and providing a historical account of which types of knowledge count as scientific (and thus accepted) knowledge, and which do not. wetenskapsfilosofiekursusse – dit demonstreer die deugde van empirisme of positivisme en bied ’n historiese weergawe van watter tipes kennis as wetenskaplik geag word (en dus aanvaar word) en watter nie. 0.8005540166204986 "Zvezda, a news outlet funded by the Russian Defense Ministry, published an article titled ""Coronavirus: American biological warfare against Russia and China"", claiming that the virus is intended to damage the Chinese economy, weakening its hand in the next round of trade negotiations." "Zvezda ('n nuuswinkel wat deur die Russiese verdedigingsministerie befonds word) het 'n artikel gepubliseer met die titel ""Koronavirus: Amerikaanse biologiese oorlogvoering teen Rusland en China"" waarin hulle beweer dat die virus bedoel is om die Chinese ekonomie te vernietig en China se posisie in die volgende ronde van handelsonderhandelinge te verswak." 0.6607142857142857 Store food at the proper temperature. Voedsel moet teen die korrekte temperatuur gestoor word. 0.8904109589041096 Hygiene is a concept related to cleanliness, health and medicine. Higiëne is 'n konsep verwant aan sindelikheid, gesondheid en geneeskunde. 0.8526315789473684 PolitiFact and FactCheck.org noted that no vaccine currently exists for COVID-19. PolitiFact en FactCheck.org het opgemerk dat daar tans geen entstof vir COVID-19 bestaan ​​nie. 0.8471337579617835 The outbreak increased throughout the United Kingdom due to the practice of feeding meat-and-bone meal to young calves of dairy cows. Die uitbraak het dwarsdeur die Verenigde Koninkryk toegeneem as gevolg van die gebruik van vleis-en-beenmeel as kosaanvulling vir jong kalwers van melkkoeie. 1.2127659574468086 Semmelweis's application for an extension was supported by Joseph Škoda and Carl von Rokitansky and by most of the medical faculty, but Klein chose Braun for the position. Semmelweis se aansoek om ’n verlenging is ondersteun deur Josef Škoda en Carl von Rokiransky tesame met die meeste van die mediese fakulteit. 1.0863309352517985 The First Clinic was the teaching service for medical students, while the Second Clinic had been selected in 1841 for the instruction of midwives only. Die Eerste Kliniek was die onderwysdiens vir mediese studente terwyl die Tweede Kliniek gekies is in 1841 vir die opleiding van vroedvroue. 0.8317757009345794 In general, hygiene refers to practices that prevent spread of disease-causing organisms. In die algemeen verwys higiëne na gebruike wat die verspreiding van siekteveroorsakende organismes voorkom. 0.9662921348314607 This simple action can reduce the rate of mortality from these diseases by almost 50%. Hierdie eenvoudige aksie kan die sterftesyfer weens hierdie siektes met byna 50% verlaag. 0.9453125 It has been contended that Semmelweis could have had an even greater impact if he had managed to communicate his findings more effectively and avoid antagonising the medical establishment, even given the opposition from entrenched viewpoints. Dit is na vore gebring dat Semmelweis selfs ’n groter impak kon gehad het indien hy daarin geslaag het om sy bevindinge meer effektief te kon kommunikeer en nie die mediese gemeenskap die harnas in gejaag het nie, al het sy siening so baie opposisie gekry. 0.9440559440559441 Semmelweis and his students wrote letters to the directors of several prominent maternity clinics describing their recent observations. Semmelweis en sy studente het briewe geskryf aan die direkteure van verskeie prominente kraamklinieke waarin hulle hul waarnemings beskryf het. 0.8819444444444444 On March 13, the US government summoned Chinese Ambassador Cui Tiankai to Washington DC over the coronavirus conspiracy theory. Op 13 Maart het die Amerikaanse regering die Chinese ambassadeur Cui Tiankai ontbied na Washington, D.C. oor die koronavirussamesweringsteorieë. 1.025 Conflict with established medical opinion Konflik met bestaande mediese opvattings 1.073394495412844 On February 22, US officials alleged that Russia is behind an ongoing disinformation campaign, using thousands of social media accounts on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram to deliberately promote unfounded conspiracy theories, claiming the virus is a biological weapon manufactured by the CIA and the US is waging economic war on China using the virus. Amerikaanse amptenare het op 22 Februarie beweer dat Rusland agter 'n voortdurende veldtog van waninformasie is, en duisende sosiale media-rekeninge op Twitter, Facebook en Instagram gebruik om doelbewus ongegronde samesweringsteorieë te bevorder en beweer dat die virus 'n biologiese wapen is wat deur die CIA vervaardig word. 1.084033613445378 He apparently left without so much as saying good-bye to his former friends and colleagues, a move that might have offended them. Dit blyk of hy vertrek het sonder om eers sy vriende en voormalige kollegas te groet, waarteen hulle kon aanstoot neem. 0.994475138121547 Ignaz Semmelweis began studying law at the University of Vienna in the autumn of 1837, but by the following year, for reasons that are no longer known, he had switched to medicine. Semmelweis het aanvanklik regte studeer aan die Universiteit van Wene in die herfs van 1837, maar in die volgende jaar, weens nou onbekende redes, het hy oorgeskakel na geneeskunde. 0.8736842105263158 Swine influenza is caused by influenza A subtypes H1N1, H1N2, H2N3, H3N1, and H3N2. Dit is bekend dat varkgriep veroorsaak word deur Influensa A subtipes H1N1, H1N2, H3N1 en H2N3. 1.1206896551724137 More than 4,000 coronavirus-related domains have been registered. Meer as 4000 koronavirus-verwante domeine is geregistreer. 1.0 Data handling and publications Organe, personeel en begroting 1.2352941176470589 Symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, watery eyes, body aches, shortness of breath, headache, weight loss, chills, sneezing, runny nose, coughing, dizziness, abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and fatigue. In mense is die simptome tipiese simptome van griep- en verwante siektes, naamlik kouekoors, koors, seer keel, spierpyne, erge hoofpyn, hoes, tamheid en algemene ongemak. 0.8762886597938144 In January 2020, BBC News published an article about coronavirus misinformation, citing two January 24 articles from The Washington Times that said the virus was part of a Chinese biological weapons program, based at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). In Januarie 2020 het die BBC 'n artikel gepubliseer oor verkeerde inligting oor die koronavirus, met verwysing na twee artikels op 24 Januarie van The Washington Times waarin beweer word dat die virus deel was van 'n Chinese biologiese wapenprogram aan die Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). 0.8698224852071006 "On February 6, the White House asked scientists and medical researchers to rapidly investigate the origins of the virus both to address the current spread and ""to inform future outbreak preparation and better understand animal/human and environmental transmission aspects of coronaviruses.""" "Op 6 Februarie het die regering van die VSA wetenskaplikes en mediese navorsers gevra om vinnig die oorsprong van die virus te ondersoek ten einde die huidige verspreiding aan te spreek en ""om toekomstige voorbereiding op die uitbraak in te lig en om diere-, menslike- en omgewingsoordragsaspekte van koronavirusse beter te verstaan.""" 1.1095890410958904 In 2008, Semmelweis was selected as the motif for an Austrian commemorative coin. In 2008 is Semmelweis gekies as die motief vir ’n Oostenrykse gedenkmunt. 1.0738255033557047 Semmelweis was eventually appointed in 1855, but only because the Viennese authorities overruled the wishes of the Hungarians, as Braun did not speak Hungarian. Semmelweis is uiteindelik in 1855 aangestel maar net omdat die Weense owerhede Braun se aansoek teengestaan het omdat hy nie Hongaars magtig was nie. 0.8734939759036144 He achieved permission to set up a shop in Buda in 1806 and, in the same year, opened a wholesale business for spices and general consumer goods. Josef het toestemming in 1806 verkry om ’n besigheid in Boeda te begin en in dieselfde jaar het hy ’n groothandelaar geopen met speserye en algemene verbruiksgoedere. 0.9381443298969072 The UN WHO has warned of criminal scams involving perpetrators who misrepresent themselves as representatives of the WHO seeking personal information from victims via email or phone. Die WGO het gewaarsku teen strafregtelike swendelary waar oortreders hulself wanvoorstel as verteenwoordigers van die WGO wat persoonlike inligting van die slagoffers via e-pos of telefoon soek. 0.9203539823008849 The findings from autopsies of deceased women also showed a confusing multitude of physical signs, which emphasized the belief that puerperal fever was not one, but many different, yet unidentified, diseases. Die bevindinge van outopsies van gestorwe vroue het ’n verwarrende menigte fisiese tekens getoon, wat die oortuiging beklemtoon het dat kraamkoors nie slegs een nie, maar baie verskillende, tog ongeïdentifiseerde, siektes was. 0.8449612403100775 A few months later, another of Semmelweis's former students published a similar essay in a French periodical. ’n Paar maande later het een van Semmelweis se ander voormalige studente ’n soortgelyke opstel in ’n Franse tydskrif gepubliseer. 1.5636363636363637 "A comparable position today in a United States hospital would be ""chief resident.""" "In vandag se terme sou hy ’n ""hoofgeneesheer"" wees." 0.9212598425196851 The Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum (Semmelweis Medical History Museum) is located in the former home of Semmelweis. Die Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum (Semmelweis Museum vir Mediese Geskiedenis) is geleë in ’n huis waar Semmelweis gewoon het 0.8622448979591837 "On January 26, Chinese military news site Xilu published an article detailing how the virus was artificially combined by the US to ""precisely target Chinese people""." "Op 26 Januarie het die Chinese militêre nuuswebwerf Xilu 'n artikel gepubliseer waarin hulle uiteensit hoe die virus kunsmatig deur die VSA gekombineer is om ""Chinese mense presies te teiken""." 0.973568281938326 Breisky objected that Semmelweis had not proved that puerperal fever and pyemia are identical, and he insisted that other factors beyond decaying organic matter certainly had to be included in the etiology of the disease. Breisky het beswaar gemaak dat Semmelweis nooit bewys het dat kraamkoors en pyamie identies is nie en hy het volgehou dat ander faktore buiten verrottende organiese materiaal ingesluit moes word in die etiologie van die siekte. 1.1657754010695187 Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (German: [ˈɪɡnaːts ˈzɛml̩vaɪs]; Hungarian: Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp; 1 July 1818 – 13 August 1865) was a Hungarian physician and scientist, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (ook soms geskryf Hongaars Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp, 1 Julie 1818 – 13 Augustus 1865) was ’n Hongaarse arts wat bekend is as ’n pionier van antiseptiese prosedures. 0.875 In the 1970s, scientists discovered that a vaccine could be made using only a single key protein from the virus. In die 1970's het wetenskaplikes ontdek dat 'n entstof gemaak kon word deur slegs van 'n enkele sleutelproteïen gebruik te maak. 1.0387323943661972 "Conservative political commentator Rush Limbaugh said on The Rush Limbaugh Show—the most popular radio show in the US—that the virus was probably ""a ChiCom laboratory experiment"" and the Chinese government was using the virus and the media hysteria surrounding it to bring down Donald Trump." "Rush Limbaugh ('n konserwatiewe politieke kommentator) het op The Rush Limbaugh Show, die gewildste radioprogram in die VSA, gesê die virus is waarskynlik ""'n Chinese laboratoriumeksperiment"" en dat die Chinese die virus en die media-histerie rondom dit gebruik teen Donald Trump." 0.831081081081081 "He excluded ""overcrowding"" as a cause, since the Second Clinic was always more crowded and yet the mortality was lower." "Hy het ""oorbevolking"" as ’n oorsaak uitgesluit aangesien die Tweede Kliniek altyd meer pasiënte gehad het en die sterftesyfer nietemin laer was." 1.2247191011235956 "Described as the ""saviour of mothers"", Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever (also known as ""childbed fever"") could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics." "Hy is beskryf as die ""redder van moeders"" nadat hy ontdek het dat die voorkoms van kraamkoors drasties verminder kan word deur die hande te ontsmet in verloskundige klinieke." 1.0 Combined flocculation/disinfection systems – available as sachets of powder that act by coagulating and flocculating sediments in water followed by release of chlorine. Gekombineer flokkulasie/ontsmetting stelsels – beskikbaar as poeiersakkies  wat stolling en vlokking van sediment bewerkstellig, gevolg deur die vrystelling van chloor. 0.8536585365853658 This brought the total cases to 16. Dit het die totale gevalle op 16 gebring. 0.6796536796536796 He instituted a policy of using a solution of chlorinated lime (calcium hypochlorite) for washing hands between autopsy work and the examination of patients. Hy het ’n beleid vir die gebruik van gechloreerde kalk (moderne kalsiumhipochloried wat in huishoudelike chloorblykmiddel te vinde is) ingestel vir dokters om hul hande te was na ’n lykskouing en voor die ondersoeking van pasiënte. 1.0864197530864197 Semmelweis (1994), the Netherlands, Humanistische Omroep Stichting, director: Floor Maas Semmelweis, Nederland 1994: Humanistische Omroep Stichting (regisseur Floor Maas) 1.2911392405063291 Twelve venues for 16 sports are situated farther than 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the Olympic Village. Twaalf sportplekke vir 16 sporte sal meer as 8 km van die Olimpiese dorp af lê. 0.9123505976095617 Semmelweis proposed the practice of washing hands with chlorinated lime solutions in 1847 while working in Vienna General Hospital's First Obstetrical Clinic, where doctors' wards had three times the mortality of midwives' wards. Semmelweis het die teorie van handewas met gechloreerde kalkoplossings voorgeskryf in 1847 terwyl hy in die Wene Algemene Hospitaal se Eerste Verloskundige Kliniek gewerk het waar dokters se afdeling drie keer die mortaliteit van vroedvroue gehad het. 0.5460992907801419 Semmelweis's predecessor, Franz Breit, had been granted a two-year extension. Semmelweis en Braun was die enigste twee applikante vir die pos. Semmelweis se voorganger, Franz Breit, het ’n twee-jaar verlenging ontvang. 0.8611111111111112 Safe disposal of medical waste. Veilige opruiming van mediese afval. 0.8534031413612565 "Pathogen kill is achieved using a ""micro-biocidal"" product, i.e., a disinfectant or antibacterial product; waterless hand sanitizer; or by application of heat." Kiemdoding word bereik met produkte wat mikro-biododer bevat (bakteriosidies) – dus 'n ontsmettingsmiddel of antibakteriese produk of waterlose handreiniger, of deur die toepassing van hitte. 1.1534090909090908 At a conference of German physicians and natural scientists, most of the speakers rejected his doctrine, including the celebrated Rudolf Virchow, who was a scientist of the highest authority of his time. By ’n kongres van Duitse dokters en natuurwetenskaplikes het die meeste sprekers, waaronder Rudolph Virchow, ’n hoogstaande wetenskaplike in sy tyd, Semmelweis se leer verwerp. 0.7925311203319502 "The theory of diseases was highly influenced by ideas of an imbalance of the basic ""four humours"" in the body, a theory known as dyscrasia, for which the main treatment was bloodlettings." "'n Belangrike lering in die teorie van siektes was die sg. wanbalans van die basiese ""vier humores"" (bloed, geel gal, swart gal en slym) in die liggaam, ’n teorie bekend as bloeddiskrasie, waarvoor die hoofbehandeling bloedaftapping was." 1.0 Beginning on February 11, reports, quickly spread via Facebook, implied that a Cameroonian student in China had been completely cured of the virus due to his African genetics. Vanaf 11 Februarie het berigte, wat vinnig via Facebook versprei is, geïmpliseer dat 'n Kameroense student in China heeltemal genees is van die virus weens sy Afrika-genetika. 0.8177966101694916 "The Inverse reported that ""Christopher Bouzy, the founder of Bot Sentinel, conducted a Twitter analysis for Inverse and found [online] bots and trollbots are making an array of false claims." "The Inverse ('n aanlyn wetenskapstydskrif) berig dat ""Christopher Bouzy, die stigter van Bot Sentinel, 'n Twitter-analise vir Inverse gedoen het en gevind het dat [aanlyn] 'bots' en 'trollbots' 'n verskeidenheid valse aansprake maak." 0.9602649006622517 To be effective as a hygiene measure, this process must be followed by thorough rinsing under running water to remove pathogens from the surface. Om 'n doeltreffende reinigingsmetode te wees moet die oppervlakte afgespoel word met lopende water om sodoende die kieme van die oppervlak te verwyder. 0.8715596330275229 In late 1848, one of Semmelweis's former students wrote a lecture explaining Semmelweis's work. In laat-1848 het een van Semmelweis se studente ’n lesing geskryf waarin Semmelweis se werk verduidelik word. 0.7876106194690266 On 21 April, Ramaphosa announced a 500 billion rand stimulus in response to the pandemic. Op 21 April het die president 'n ekonomiese stimulus van 500 miljard rand aangekondig in reaksie op die pandemie. 1.0104166666666667 Other uses of the term appear in phrases including body hygiene, personal hygiene, sleep hygiene, mental hygiene, dental hygiene, and occupational hygiene, used in connection with public health. Ander gebruike van die benaming verskyn in sinsdele wat insluit: persoonlike higiëne, slaaphigiëne, geestesgesondheid, mondhigiëne en beroepsgesondheid wat verband hou met openbare gesondheid. 0.7564102564102564 These strains of swine flu rarely pass from human to human. Hierdie variasies kan gewoonlik egter nie van mens tot mens oorgedra word nie. 1.2580645161290323 In March 2020, Thomas Cowan, a holistic medical practitioner who trained as a physician and operates on probation with Medical Board of California, alleged that coronavirus is caused by 5G, based on the claims that African countries were not affected significantly by the pandemic and Africa was not a 5G region. In Maart 2020, in 'n video deur Thomas Cowan, 'n mediese dokter, beweer hy dat koronavirus deur 5G veroorsaak word, gebaseer op die bewerings dat Afrika-lande nie noemenswaardig deur die pandemie geraak is nie en dat Afrika nie 'n 5G-streek is nie. 1.5 Response by the medical community Reaksie van die medici 0.6216216216216216 ISBN 978-1-4214-0607-7. Wêreldspektrum, 1982, 0908409532 band 1.035294117647059 Use of protective clothing and barriers, such as masks, gowns, caps, eyewear and gloves. Die gebruik van beskermende klere soos maskers, jurke, kappies, brille en handskoene. 0.8647342995169082 "He proposed that he and the medical students carried ""cadaverous particles"" on their hands from the autopsy room to the patients they examined in the First Obstetrical Clinic." "Hy het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat hy en die mediese studente ""kadaweragtige deeltjies"" op hul hande gedra het van die lykskouingskamer na die pasiënte wat hulle in die Eerste Kliniek ondersoek het." 0.9310344827586207 In Vienna on 13 March 1848 students demonstrated in favor of increased civil rights, including trial by jury and freedom of expression. Op 13 Maart 1848 het studente in Wene betoog ten gunste van uitgebreide burgerregte, insluitend verhoor deur ’n jurie en vryheid van uitdrukking. 0.9120879120879121 Some regular hygiene practices may be considered good habits by the society, while the neglect of hygiene can be considered disgusting, disrespectful, or threatening. Sommige gewone higiëniese praktyke kan deur 'n samelewing beskou word as goeie gewoontes, terwyl die afskeep van higiëne beskou kan word as afstootlik, onbeleefd en selfs bedreigend. 1.0857142857142856 In Vienna, the March demonstration was followed by months of general unrest. In Wene is die Maart-betoging opgevolg deur maande van algemene onrus. 0.9375 He passed the blood of an infected animal through a Chamberland filter and found the collected fluid could still cause the disease in healthy animals. Hy het die bloed van 'n besmette dier deur 'n fyn porseleinfilter gestuur en gevind dat die oorblywende vloeistof steeds die siekte in gesonde diere veroorsaak. 0.8190045248868778 On January 29, financial news website and blog ZeroHedge suggested without evidence that a scientist at the WIV created the COVID-19 strain responsible for the coronavirus outbreak. Op 29 Januarie het die finansiële nuuswebwerf en webjoernaal ZeroHedge, sonder bewyse, voorgestel dat 'n wetenskaplike aan die WIV die COVID-19-stam wat verantwoordelik is vir die uitbreek van die koronavirus geskep het. 0.9683544303797469 In March 2020, this conspiracy theory was endorsed by Zhao Lijian, a spokesperson from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. Hierdie samesweringsteorie is in Maart 2020 onderskryf deur Zhao Lijian, 'n woordvoerder van die Ministerie van Buitelandse Sake van die Volksrepubliek China. 0.8516746411483254 Such posts stated that their place of residence during their stay in Wuhan was also close to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, where the first known cluster of cases occurred. Sulke bewerings stel dat die Amerikaanse atlete se woonplek tydens hul verblyf in Wuhan ook naby aan die Huanan groothandelmark vir seekos was, waar die eerste bekende groep gevalle van COVID-19 voorgekom het. 0.9780564263322884 "In February 2020, the Financial Times quoted virus expert and global co-lead coronavirus investigator Trevor Bedford: ""There is no evidence whatsoever of genetic engineering that we can find"", and ""The evidence we have is that the mutations [in the virus] are completely consistent with natural evolution""." "In Februarie 2020 het die Financial Times berig dat Trevor Bedford ('n viruskundige en 'n wêreldwye koronavirusondersoeker) gesê het: ""Ons kon geen bewyse van genetiese ingenieurswese vind nie"", en dat, ""die bewyse wat ons het, is dat die mutasies [in die virus] heeltemal ooreenstem met die natuurlike evolusie.""" 1.3131313131313131 In 1897 he was further honoured when Her Majesty raised him to the peerage as Baron Lister, of Lyme Regis in the County of Dorset. Hy het die titel van baron ontvang en in 1897 het hy die titel Baron Lister van Lyme Regis verwerf. 1.202127659574468 Morton Thompson's 1949 novel The Cry and the Covenant is a fictionalized account based on the life of Semmelweis. Morton Thompson se 1949 roman The Cry and the Covenant is gebaseer op die lewe van Semmelweis. 0.9764150943396226 Childbed fever was rampant at the clinic; at a visit in 1850, just after returning to Pest, Semmelweis found one fresh corpse, another patient in severe agony, and four others seriously ill with the disease. Kraamkoors het hoogty gevier by die kliniek; tydens ’n besoek in 1850, net na sy terugkeer na Pest, het Semmelweis op ’n pas gestorwene afgekom, een pasiënt het ernstige pyn ervaar en vier ander was ernstig siek. 0.8994708994708994 "Bedford further explained, ""The most likely scenario, based on genetic analysis, was that the virus was transmitted by a bat to another mammal between 20–70 years ago." "Bedford het verder gesê: ""Die mees waarskynlike scenario, gebaseer op genetiese ontleding, is dat die virus tussen 20 en 70 jaar gelede deur 'n vlermuis na 'n ander soogdier oorgedra is." 1.2033898305084745 The Semmelweis Klinik, a hospital for women located in Vienna, Austria. Die Semmelweis Klinik, ’n vrouehospitaal in Wene, Oostenryk 0.9264705882352942 The five key principles of food hygiene, according to WHO, are: Volgens die WGO is daar vyf sleutelbeginsels rakende voedselhigiëne: 0.4700854700854701 The seat of the organization is in Geneva, Switzerland. Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie is 'n agentskap van die Verenigde Nasies met sy hoofkwartier in Genève, Switserland. 1.0216216216216216 Semmelweis's superior, professor Johann Klein, was a conservative Austrian, likely uneasy with the independence movements and alarmed by the other revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas. Semmelweis se leier, professor Johann Klein, was ’n konserwatiewe Oostenryker en waarskynlik verontrus oor die onafhanklikheidsgebeure en die ander rewolusies van 1848 in die Keiserryk. 0.918918918918919 Semmelweis's observations conflicted with the established scientific and medical opinions of the time. Semmelweis se waarneminge was in konflik met die bestaande wetenskaplike en mediese opvattings van daardie tyd. 1.1359223300970873 Humans can be infected with foot-and-mouth disease through contact with infected animals, but this is extremely rare. Mense kan besmet word met bek-en-klouseer deur kontak met besmette diere, maar dit gebeur bitter selde. 1.0396039603960396 Only belatedly did his observational evidence gain wide acceptance; more than twenty years later, Louis Pasteur's work offered a theoretical explanation for Semmelweis' observations: the germ theory of disease. Eers na sy dood het sy waarnemensgetuienis wye aanvaarding gekry; meer as twintig jaar later het Louis Pasteur se werk ’n teoretiese verduideliking vir Semmelweis se waarnemings gebied – die kiemteorie. 0.919093851132686 "In February, Conservative MP Tobias Ellwood, chair of the Defence Select Committee of the UK House of Commons, publicly questioned the role of the Chinese Army's Wuhan Institute for Biological Products and called for the ""greater transparency over the origins of the coronavirus""." "Tobias Ellwood, voorsitter van die Verdedigingsgeselekteerde Komitee van die Verenigde Koninkryk se House of Commons, het ook in die openbaar die rol van die Chinese weermag se Wuhan-instituut vir biologiese produkte bevraagteken en gevra vir ""groter deursigtigheid oor die oorsprong van die koronavirus""." 1.0 Semmelweis is now recognized as a pioneer of antiseptic policy. Semmelweis word nou erken as ’n pionier van antiseptiese beleid 1.0794392523364487 "In January 2020, Buzzfeed News reported on an internet meme of a link between the logo of the WIV and ""Umbrella Corporation"", the agency that created the virus responsible for a zombie apocalypse in the Resident Evil franchise." "In Januarie 2020 het Buzzfeed News ook berig oor 'n samesweringsteorie van 'n skakel tussen die WIV se embleem en Umbrella Corporation, die agentskap wat die ""zombie-virus"" gemaak het in die film Resident Evil." 1.0530973451327434 "The medical faculty at Würzburg awarded a prize to a monograph written in 1859 in which my teachings were rejected""." Die mediese fakulteit by Wärzburg het ’n prys toegeken vir stuk wat geskryf is in 1859 waarin my leer verwerp is. 1.0980392156862746 Political turmoil and dismissal from the Vienna hospital Politieke onrus en ontslag van die Weense hospitaal 0.39215686274509803 ISBN 978-0374117290. Wêreldspektrum, Vol. 17, 98-100, ISBN 0 908409 58 3 0.9493670886075949 He was dismissed from the hospital for political reasons and harassed by the medical community in Vienna, being eventually forced to move to Budapest. Hy is afgedank by die hospitaal weens politieke redes en deur die Weense mediese gemeenskap geteister – tot so ’n mate dat hy uiteindelik na Pest verhuis het. 0.9428571428571428 Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature to kill pathogens. Kos moet teen die korrekte temperatuur en tydsduur gaargemaak word wat nodig is om patogene dood te maak. 0.8538011695906432 "This intermediary animal—not yet identified—passed it on to its first human host in the city of Wuhan in late November or early December 2019""." "Hierdie tussendier - nog nie geïdentifiseer nie - het dit oorgedra aan die eerste menslike gasheer in die stad Wuhan aan die einde van November of begin Desember 2019.""" 1.0263157894736843 Interventions that promote hand washing can reduce diarrhoea episodes by about a third, and this is comparable to providing clean water in low income areas. Ingrypings wat handewas bevorder, kan diarree-episodes met ongeveer 'n derde verminder, en dit kan verbeter word met skoon water in lae-inkomstegebiede. 0.9627659574468085 Hand washing (or handwashing), also known as hand hygiene, is the act of cleaning one's hands for the purpose of removing soil, grease, microorganisms, or other unwanted substances. Handewas, wat ook verwys na handhigiëne, is die prosedure om 'n mens se hande te reinig (skoon te maak) met die doel om grond, vet, mikro-organismes of ander ongewenste stowwe te verwyder. 0.984375 The only major difference was the individuals who worked there. Die enigste groot verskil was die indiwidue wat daar gewerk het. 1.02020202020202 On 10 April, Mkhize recommended that the general public use cloth facemasks when going out in public. Op 10 April, het Mkhize aanbeveel dat die algemene publiek gesigsmaskers gebruik in publieke areas. 0.8249027237354085 Some of these articles said BGI Group from China sold genetic information of the Chinese people to the US, with the US then being able to deploy the virus specifically targeting the genome of Chinese individuals. Sommige van hierdie artikels beweer dat die Beijing genomika-instituut in China genetiese inligting van die Chinese bevolking aan die VSA verkoop het, en dat die VSA dan die virus kon implementeer wat spesifiek gerig was op die genoom van Chinese individue. 0.8905109489051095 The terms refused him access to cadavers and limited him to teaching students by using leather-fabricated mannequins only. Die voorwaardes het hom toegang geweier tot kadawers en het hom beperk tot opleiding van studente deur slegs leer-vervaardigde mannekyne. 1.8 The same year, Semmelweis married Mária Weidenhofer (1837–1910), 19 years his junior and the daughter of a successful merchant in Pest. In dieselfde jaar is Semmelweis met Maria Weidenhoffer (1837–1910) getroud. 0.825 Semmelweis declined an offer in 1857 to become professor of obstetrics at the University of Zurich. In 1857 het Semmelweis ’n aanbod om professor in kraamkunde aan die Universiteit van Zurich te wees, van die hand gewys. 0.7297297297297297 Ignaz Semmelweis was born on 1 July 1818 in Tabán, a neighbourhood of Buda, Hungary, today part of Budapest. Ignaz Semmelweis is gebore op 1 Julie 1818 in die Tabán, ’n distrik van Boeda in die huidige Boedapest, Hongarye (destyds deel van die Habsburgryk). 1.01 "The scientific consensus is that infectious BSE prion material is not destroyed through cooking procedures, meaning that even contaminated beef foodstuffs prepared ""well done"" may remain infectious." "Die wetenskaplike konsensus is dat aansteeklike BSE-prionmateriaal nie deur kookprosedures vernietig word nie, wat beteken dat selfs besmette beesvoedsel wat ""goed gekook is"", aansteeklik kan bly." 0.9452054794520548 Semmelweis University, a university for medicine and health-related disciplines (located in Budapest, Hungary), is named after Semmelweis. Semmelweis-Universiteit, ’n universiteit vir geneeskunde en gesondheidsverwante vakgebiede (geleë in Boedapest, Hongarye) is vernoem na Semmelweis 1.0119760479041917 Two days later in Hungary, demonstrations and uprisings led to the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and a full-scale war against the ruling Habsburgs of the Austrian Empire. Twee dae later het betogings en opstande in Hongarye gelei tot die Hongaarse Rewolusie van 1848 en ’n volskaalse oorlog teen die Habsburgs van die Keiserryk Oostenryk. 1.053191489361702 Semmelweis, upon arriving from the Habsburg Vienna in 1850, likely was not warmly welcomed in Pest. Semmelweis is waarskynlik met sy aankoms in Pest vanaf Wene in 1850 nie hartlik verwelkom nie. 0.9130434782608695 Efforts to prevent the disease in the UK include not allowing any animal older than 30 months to enter either the human food or animal feed supply. Pogings om die siekte in die Verenigde Koninkryk te voorkom, sluit in dat geen dier ouer as 30 maande as deel van menslike voeding of veevoer toegelaat word nie. 0.9666666666666667 At present, these components of hygiene tend to be regarded as separate issues, although based on the same underlying microbiological principles. Hierdie komponente van higiëne word tans beskou as aparte kwessies, alhoewel dit gebaseer is op die dieselfde onderliggende mikrobiologiese beginsels. 0.9181034482758621 Semmelweis was outraged by the indifference of the medical profession and began writing open and increasingly angry letters to prominent European obstetricians, at times denouncing them as irresponsible murderers. Semmelweis was diep verontwaardig oor die onverskilligheid van die medici en hy het ope en toenemend kwaai briewe aan prominente Europese verloskundiges geskryf waarin hy hulle by tye uitgemaak het as onverantwoordelike moordenaars. 0.8538461538461538 It is believed that a few million cattle with the condition likely entered the food supply during the outbreak. Daar word geglo dat 'n paar miljoen beeste met die toestand waarskynlik gedurende die uitbreek die voedselvoorraad binnegekom het. 1.0914285714285714 Farmers around the world can lose enormous amounts of money during a foot-and-mouth epizootic, when large numbers of animals are destroyed, and revenues from milk and meat production go down. Boere die wêreld oor kan groot hoeveelhede geld verloor tydens bek-en-klouseerepidemies, wanneer groot hoeveelhede diere vernietig word en die opbrengs uit melk en vleis daal. 0.8367346938775511 "Constituent Assembly member Elvis Méndez declared that the coronavirus was a ""bacteriological sickness created in '89, in '90 and historically"" and that it was a sickness ""inoculated by the gringos""." "Elvis Méndez, lid van die konstituerende vergadering van Venezuela, het verklaar dat die koronavirus 'n ""bakteriologiese siekte is wat in '89, in '90 en histories ontstaan ​​het"" en dat dit 'n siekte is wat ""deur die gringos toegedien is""." 0.7456647398843931 Multibarrier methods – Some systems use two or more of the above treatments in combination or in succession to optimize efficacy. Multi-versperringsmetodes – Sommige stelsels maak gebruik van twee of meer van die bogenoemde metodes in kombinasie of opeenvolgend om die  doeltreffendheid te optimaliseer. 0.8087431693989071 Utilities such as toilets and wash basins, for example, were invented for dealing safely with human waste but still have risks associated with them. Dienste soos toilette en wasbakke, byvoorbeeld, is ontwerp vir die veilige hantering van  menslike afval, maar daar is steeds risiko's verbonde wat krities kan wees op sekere tye, bv. 1.125 Food hygiene is concerned with the hygiene practices that prevent food poisoning. Voedselhigiëne hou verband met praktyke wat voedselvergiftiging voorkom. 0.9685314685314685 "In response to the need for effective codes of hygiene in home and everyday life settings the International Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene has developed a risk-based approach based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), also referred to as ""targeted hygiene.""" "In reaksie op die behoefte aan doeltreffende riglyne vir huishoudelike higiëne het die Internasional Scientific Forum on Home Hygiene 'n risiko-gebaseerde benadering (gebaseer op Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) ontwikkel wat bekend geword het as ""geteikende higiëne""." 0.782608695652174 Some physicians had clearly misinterpreted his claims. Sommige geneeshere het sy aansprake duidelik verkeerd geïnterpreteer. 0.9353448275862069 Ultra-nationalist politician and leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Vladimir Zhirinovsky, claimed on a Moscow radio station that the virus was an experiment by the Pentagon and pharmaceutical companies. Vladimir Zhirinovsky ('n ultra-nasionalistiese politikus en leier van die Liberaal-Demokratiese Party van Rusland) het op 'n radiostasie in Moskou beweer dat die virus 'n eksperiment is van die Pentagon en farmaseutiese maatskappye. 0.9077809798270894 "Former Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a letter to the United Nations on March 9, claiming that ""it is clear to the world that the mutated coronavirus was produced in lab"" and that COVID-19 is ""a new weapon for establishing and/or maintaining political and economic upper hand in the global arena""." "Voormalige Iranse president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad het op 9 Maart 'n brief aan die Verenigde Nasies gestuur waarin hy beweer dat ""dit vir die wêreld duidelik is dat die gemuteerde koronavirus in 'n laboratorium geproduseer is"" en dat COVID-19 ""'n nuwe wapen is om politieke en ekonomiese voordeel in die globale arena te vestig en te onderhou.""" 0.990990990990991 Ede Flórián Birly, Semmelweis's predecessor as Professor of Obstetrics at the University of Pest, never accepted Semmelweis's teachings; he continued to believe that puerperal fever was due to uncleanliness of the bowel. Ede Flórián Birly, Semmelweis se voorganger as professor in verloskunde aan die Universiteit van Pest, het nooit Semmelweis se leer aanvaar nie; hy het aanhou glo dat kraamkoors die oorsaak van vuiligheid in die derms was. 0.9726027397260274 Louis-Ferdinand Céline completed his M.D. thesis on Semmelweis in 1924. Louis-Ferdinand Céline het sy Ph.D.-tesis oor Semmelweis in 1924 voltooi. 0.9053497942386831 On 5 March the Minister of Health, Zweli Mkhize, announced the first confirmed case, epidemiologists and clinicians from the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) were deployed to KwaZulu-Natal in response. Op 5 Maart het Mkhize die eerste bevestigde geval aangekondig, epidemioloë en klinici van die Nasionale Instituut vir Oordraagbare Siektes (NICD) is na KwaZulu-Natal ontplooi, en die pasiënt is in Grey's hospitaal in Pietermaritzburg opgeneem. 0.7663551401869159 BSE is thought to be due to an infection by a misfolded protein, known as a prion. Daar word vermoed dat BSE te wyte is aan 'n infeksie deur 'n verkeerd gevoude proteïen, bekend as 'n prion. 0.7333333333333333 Time from onset of symptoms to death is generally weeks to months. Die tyd vanaf die begin van die simptome tot die dood is oor die algemeen weke tot maande. 1.0119047619047619 Prevent contaminating food with mixing chemicals, spreading from people, and animals. Voorkom die besmetting van voedsel met chemikalieë  of deur insekte, mense of diere. 0.8542713567839196 Some of his brothers were punished for active participation in the Hungarian independence movement, and the Hungarian-born Semmelweis likely was sympathetic to the cause. Dit is bekend dat sommige van sy broers gestraf is vir aktiewe deelname in die Hongaarse onafhanklikheidsbeweging en dit lyk waarskynlik dat die Hongaarsgebore Semmelweis simpatiek teen die saak was. 0.8308080808080808 Iraqi political analyst Sabah Al-Akili on Al-Etejah TV, Saudi daily Al-Watan writer Sa'ud Al-Shehry, Syrian daily Al-Thawra columnist Hussein Saqer, and Egyptian journalist Ahmad Rif'at on Egyptian news website Vetogate, were some examples given by MEMRI as propagators of the US biowarfare conspiracy theory in the Arabic world. Irakse politieke ontleder Sabah Al-Akili op Al-Etejah TV, die Saoedi-dagblad Al-Watan-skrywer Sa'ud Al-Shehry, die Siriese dagblad Al-Thawra-rubriekskrywer Hussein Saqer en die Egiptiese joernalis Ahmad Rif'at op die Egiptiese nuuswebwerf Vetogate, is deur MEMRI aangebied as voorbeelde van voortplanters van die Amerikaanse samesweringsteorie oor biologiese oorlogvoering in die Arabiese wêreld. 1.0 As of 2018, a total of 231 cases of vCJD have been reported globally. Vanaf 2018 is daar altesaam 231 gevalle van vCJD wêreldwyd aangemeld. 0.9805825242718447 Ignaz Semmelweis – Arzt der Frauen (1987), West Germany/Austria, ZDF/ORF, director: Michael Verhoeven Ignaz Semmelweis – Arzt der Frauen, Wes-Duitsland/Oostenryk 1987: ZDF/ORF (regisseur Michael Verhoeven) 0.7909090909090909 Semmelweis' advice on chlorine washings was probably more influential than he realized. Semmelweis se advies oor gechloreerde handwasmiddels is waarskynlik baie meer invloedryk as wat hy gedink het. 1.048780487804878 48% of reductions in diarrhoea episodes can be associated with hand washing with soap. 48% van die afname in diarree-episodes kan geassosieer word met handewas met seep. 0.7571428571428571 The main medical purpose of washing hands is to cleanse the hands of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms) and chemicals which can cause harm. Die doel van die was van hande is om die verspreiding van patogene (bakterieë, virusse of ander mikro-organismes wat siektes kan veroorsaak) te keer en chemikalieë wat skade of siektes kan veroorsaak af te was. 1.416058394160584 Adult animals may suffer weight loss from which they do not recover for several months, as well as swelling in the testicles of mature males, and cows' milk production can decline significantly. Volwasse diere kan gewigsverlies ondergaan waarvan hulle vir verskeie maande lank nie sal herstel nie en bulle kan geswolle testikels hê. 0.8875 He also said people were overreacting to the coronavirus outbreak and that Democrats were trying to use the situation to harm President Trump. Hy het ook gesê dat mense na die uitbraak van die koronavirus oorreageer het en dat Demokrate probeer om die situasie te gebruik om president Trump te benadeel. 0.868421052631579 Use safe water and raw materials. Gebruik veilige water en roumateriale. 0.9333333333333333 "Cyber-criminals use deceptive domains such as ""cdc-gov.org"" instead of the correct ""cdc.gov"", or even spoof the original domain so it resembles specific websites." "Hulle gebruik vals domeine soos ""cdc-gov.org"" in plaas van die regte ""cdc.gov"", of boots selfs die oorspronklike domein na sodat die vals webbladsy soos die regte domein lyk." 0.8823529411764706 Hand washing before administering medicine or medical care can prevent or minimize the spread of disease. Handewas voordat medisyne of mediese behandeling toegedien word, kan die verspreiding van siektes voorkom of verminder. 0.7916666666666666 Sterilization of instruments used in surgical procedures. Sterilisasie van instrumente wat in chirurgiese prosedures gebruik word. 0.9873417721518988 "Russia denies the allegation, saying ""this is a deliberately false story""." "Rusland ontken die bewering en sê dat dit 'n ""doelbewuste vals verhaal"" is." 0.8924731182795699 Spread to humans is believed to result in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD). Verspreiding na mense lei waarskynlik tot 'n variant van die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-siekte (vCJD). 0.7128712871287128 The combined 2012–2013 budget proposed a total expenditure of $3,959 million, of which $944 million (24%) will come from assessed contributions. Die jaarlikse begroting het in die 2006/07 fiskale jaar VS$ 3,313 miljard beloop, waarvan VS$ 924 miljoen in die reëlmatige begroting (ledegelde van lidlande) en VS$ 2,398 miljard se vrywillige bydraes. 0.8674033149171271 "Iranian TV personality Ali Akbar Raefipour claimed the coronavirus was part of a ""hybrid warfare"" programme waged by the United States on Iran and China." "Die Iranse TV-persoonlikheid Ali Akbar Raefipour beweer dat die koronavirus deel uitmaak van 'n ""hibriede oorlogvoeringsprogram"" wat die Verenigde State teen Iran en China voer." 0.9090909090909091 They claim the inattentive attitude and disproportionately below-average results of American athletes in the games indicate they might have been there for other purposes and they might actually be bio-warfare operatives. Hulle beweer dat die ongeërgde houding en die buitengewoon-swak resultate onder Amerikaanse atlete in die wedstryde buite verhouding was, dat hulle moontlik daar was vir ander doeleindes en dat dit in werklikheid biologiese oorlogvoering was. 0.8763250883392226 Gustav Adolf Michaelis, a professor at a maternity institution in Kiel, replied positively to Semmelweis' suggestions, but eventually committed suicide, feeling responsible for the death of his own cousin, whom he had examined after she gave birth. Professor Gustav Adolf Michaelis van ’n kraaminrigting in Kiel het positief teenoor Semmelweis se voorstelle gereageer – hy het egter later selfmoord gepleeg omdat hy verantwoordelik gevoel het vir die afsterwe van sy nig op wie hy geëksperimenteer het nadat sy geboorte geskenk het. 0.92 "On February 2, the World Health Organization (WHO) described a ""massive infodemic"", citing an over-abundance of reported information, accurate and false, about the virus that ""makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it""." "Die Wêreldgesondheidsorganisasie (WGO) het op 2 Februarie 2020 'n ""massiewe infodemie"" beskryf, met verwysing na 'n oorvloed van gemelde inligting, akkuraat en onwaar, oor die virus wat ""dit moeilik maak vir mense om betroubare bronne en betroubare leiding te vind wanneer hulle dit nodig het.""" 1.0476190476190477 3 new cases were announced on 12 March, including the first case in Mpumalanga province. Op 12 Maart is 3 nuwe gevalle aangekondig, waaronder die eerste geval in Mpumalanga. 0.9428571428571428 The WHO specifically debunked several claims as false, including the claim that a person can tell if they have the virus or not simply by holding their breath; the claim that drinking large amounts of water will protect against the virus; and the claim that gargling salt water prevents infection. Die WGO het sekere eise wat op sosiale media versprei is, as onwaar beskou, insluitende die bewering dat iemand kan sê of hy die virus het of nie net deur asem te haal; die bewering dat om baie water drink teen die virus beskerm; en die bewering dat om met soutwater te gorrel besmetting deur die virus sal voorkom. 0.8478260869565217 On 10 April, health experts were surprised at the dramatic slow-down in the daily rate of new cases over the previous two weeks, however it was feared that this slow-down may trigger complacency. Op 10 April is gesondheidskenners verras deur die dramatiese vermindering in daaglikse gevalle oor die voorafgaande twee weke, hoewel die vrees ook uitgespreek is dat die vermindering 'n verslapping in waaksaamheid kon veroorsaak. 0.9818181818181818 Hygiene practices vary, and what is considered acceptable in one culture might not be acceptable in another. Higiëniese praktyke is baie uiteenlopend, en wat aanvaarbaar is binne een kultuur, mag taboe wees in 'n ander. 0.8207547169811321 Brigadier General Gholam Reza Jalali, head of Iranian Civil Defense Organization, claimed the coronavirus is likely a biological attack on China and Iran with economic goals. Brigadier-generaal Gholam Reza Jalali (hoof van die Iranse organisasie vir burgerlike verdediging) het beweer dat die koronavirus waarskynlik 'n biologiese aanval op China en Iran met ekonomiese doelstellings is. 2.1808510638297873 Drinking water quality remains a significant problem in developing and in developed countries; even in the European region it is estimated that 120 million people do not have access to safe drinking water. Selfs in Europa word beraam dat 1120 miljoen mense nie toegang het tot veilige drinkwater nie. 0.926829268292683 Dispose of tissues as soon as possible Gooi sneesdoekies so gou as moontlik weg. 1.1904761904761905 In 1854, Lister became both first assistant to and friend of surgeon James Syme at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary in Scotland. In 1853 het Lister die belangrikste leermeester in snykunde van daardie tyd, dr. James Syme, se assistent in Edinburgh geword. 0.8285714285714286 Hesitant publication of results and first signs of trouble Aarseling om publikasie van resultate en eerste tekens van moeilikheid 0.8267716535433071 "Posts online noted that ""Racoon [sic]"" (the main city in Resident Evil) was an anagram of ""Corona""." "Die teorie het ook 'n verband tussen ""Racoon"" (die belangrikste stad in Resident Evil) en 'n anagram van ""Corona"" gesien." 0.875 Politician Igor Nikulin made rounds on Russian television and news media, arguing that Wuhan was chosen for the attack because the presence of a BSL-4 virus lab provided a cover story for the Pentagon and CIA about a Chinese bio-experiment leak. Die politikus Igor Nikulin het op Russiese televisie- en nuusmedia verskyn en het aangevoer dat Wuhan vir die aanval gekies is omdat die teenwoordigheid van 'n BSL-4-viruslaboratorium 'n voorbladverhaal vir die Pentagon en CIA oor 'n Chinese bio-eksperiment-lekkasie sou verskaf. 1.125 The article was removed after early February. Die artikel is begin Februarie verwyder. 0.7848101265822784 In August 2007, FMD was found at two farms in Surrey, England. In Augustus 2007 is bek-en-klouseer gevind by twee plase in Surrey in Engeland. 1.02803738317757 In 1856, Semmelweis's assistant Josef Fleischer reported the successful results of hand washing activities at St. Rochus and Pest maternity institutions in the Viennese Medical Weekly (Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift). In 1856 het Semmelweis se assistent, Josef Fleischer, die suksesvolle resultate van handewas by die kraaminrigtings van St. Rochus en Pest in die Weense Mediese tydskrif (Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift) vermeld. 0.9375 2007 Outbreak Foot and Mouth Disease Timeline 2007 Tydlyn vir die uitbraak van Bek-en-klouseer 0.9950738916256158 "In his 1861 book, Semmelweis lamented the slow adoption of his ideas: ""Most medical lecture halls continue to resound with lectures on epidemic childbed fever and with discourses against my theories." "In sy boek van 1861 het Semmelweis die stadige aanvaarding van sy idees betreur: ""Die meeste mediese lesingsale weerklink steeds met lesings van epidemiese kraamkoors en met diskoerse teen my teorieë." 0.9703703703703703 In contrast, scientists suggest the virus originated in bats and migrated into an intermediary host animal before infecting people. Wetenskaplikes stel voor dat die virus sy oorsprong in vlermuise het en in 'n tussenganger gehuisves word voordat dit mense besmet het. 0.8761904761904762 The terms cleanliness and hygiene are often used interchangeably, which can cause confusion. Die terme sindelikheid en higiëne word dikwels gelykwaardig aan mekaar gebruik en kan tot verwarring lei. 1.0317460317460319 The resulting political turmoil would affect Semmelweis's career. Die gevolglike politieke onrus sou Semmelweis se loopbaan raak. 0.9293478260869565 So did Carl Braun—Semmelweis's nemesis and successor as Johann Klein's assistant in Vienna—and Braun received more votes from his Hungarian colleagues than Semmelweis did. Carl Braun — Semmelweis se nemesis en opvolger as Johann Klein se assistent in Wene — het ook aansoek gedoen en meer stemme van sy Hongaarse kollegas gekry as wat Semmelweis gekry het. 0.7042801556420234 Saeedi claimed that Trump is fulfilling his promise to hit Iranian cultural sites, if Iranians took revenge for the US airstrike that killed of Quds Force Commander Qasem Soleimani. Saeedi beweer dat Trump sy belofte nakom om Iranse kulturele terreine aan te val as Iraniërs wraak neem oor die Amerikaanse lugaanval waardeur Qasem Soleimani (bevelvoerder van die Koeds-mag, 'n deel van Iran se Islamitiese rewolusionêre wag) doodgemaak is. 0.917910447761194 Bernstein went on to suggest those responsible should be locked in a room with infected coronavirus patients as punishment. Bernstein het verder voorgestel dat diegene wat verantwoordelik is, in 'n kamer met besmette koronaviruspasiënte toegesluit moet word. 0.8911917098445595 The patents cited by various social media posts reference existing patents for genetic sequences and vaccines for other strains of coronavirus such as the SARS coronavirus. Die patente wat deur verskillende sosialemediaposte aangehaal word, verwys na bestaande patente vir genetiese volgordes en entstowwe vir ander stamme van koronavirus, soos die EARS-koronavirus. 0.6944444444444444 An EU-document claims 80 attempts by Russian media to spread disinformation related to the epidemic. 'n Dokument van die EU beweer daar was 80 pogings deur die Russiese media om misleidende informasie met betrekking tot die epidemie te versprei. 0.9253731343283582 As a result, his ideas were rejected by the medical community. Die gevolg was dat sy idees deur die mediese gemeenskap verwerp is. 0.9209302325581395 In UK and US slaughterhouses, the brain, spinal cord, trigeminal ganglia, intestines, eyes, and tonsils from cattle are classified as specified risk materials, and must be disposed of appropriately. In Noord-Amerika mag weefsel wat kommer wek, naamlik brein, rugmurg, trigeminale ganglia, ingewande, oë en mangels (ook bekend as gespesifiseerde risikomateriaal), nie by dierevoer of troeteldierkos gevoeg word nie. 0.9090909090909091 Some procedures (such as disposal of medical waste) were refined in response to late-20th century disease outbreaks, notably AIDS and Ebola. Sommige prosedures (soos die weggooi van mediese afval) is verfyn in reaksie op die uitbreek van siektes soos veral VIGS en Ebola teen die laat 20ste eeu. 0.8925619834710744 Despite the impressive results, Semmelweis's ideas were not accepted by the other obstetricians in Budapest. Ten spyte van die indrukwekkende resultate is Semmelweis se idees nie deur ander verloskundiges in Boedapest aanvaar nie. 0.9506172839506173 Early responses to his work also gave clear signs of coming trouble, however. Vroeë reaksies op sy werk het egter duidelike tekens van broeiende gevaar getoon. 0.8367346938775511 Hand washing has many health benefits, including minimizing the spread of influenza, coronavirus, and other infectious diseases; preventing infectious causes of diarrhea; decreasing respiratory infections; Handewas hou baie gesondheidsvoordele in, insluitend die moontlike voorkoming van griep, koronavirus en ander infeksies; om die aansteeklike oorsake van diarree te voorkom; verminderde lugweginfeksies; en die verlaging van die baba-sterftesyfer.