diff --git "a/data/ny.txt" "b/data/ny.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/data/ny.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,12969 @@ +Mwalandilidwa ku Wikipedia,encyclopedia yaulere imene alionse anga thandizeni kukula!Pakali pano tili ndi nkhani zokwana mu Chi-chewa, chinenero chomwe chimalankhulidwa ku Malawi ndi Zambia.Mutha kutitsatira pa Twitter @Wikipedia_ny ndi pa Instagram @WikipediaZambia. + + +Dziko la Malaŵi +lomwe kale linkatchulidwa kuti Nyasaland, ndi dziko la demokilase lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri ndipo lili cha ku m’mwera kwa Africa. Dzikoli linayandikana ndi Zambia cha ku madzulo, Tanzania cha ku mpoto ndi Mozambique kuzungulira kum’mawa, kummwera ndi ku madzulo. Chiyambi cha dzina loti Malawi sichidziwika bwino bwino, koma anthu ofufuza amakhulupilira kuti dzinali linachokela kwa chilankhulo cha anthu a mu dzikoli a ku chigawo cha kummwera, ndipo limatanthauza “malawi a moto”, koma mbendela ya dzikoli limatanthauza "kwacha" kunena kuti dzuwa lawala mmamawa.Purezidenti wa Malawi + +Mbiri +Anthu oyamba mu dziko la Malawi anali a chi Khoisan, amene ankachita ulenje komanso kutolela zakudya zomera zokha. +Anthu a Chibantu anabwera ku dzikoli nthawi wa kusamuka kwa anthu a chi Bantu. Dziko lomwe limatchulidwa kuti Malawi panoli ndi dera la Maravi, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu a Chichewa mu zaka za ku ma 1600. Achewa anali ochokera ku gulu la anthu lotchedwa ma Luba. Koyambilira ndi pakati pa zaka za mma 1900, anthu a Chizulu ochokela ku Ndandwe, KwaZulu-Natal mdziko la South Africa,omwe ali Angoni amene mfumu yawo inali Zwangendaba. + +Munthu woyambilira wa Chizungu amene anabwera ku Malawi anali David Livingstone. Iyeyu anafika ku chigwa cha kumpoto cha Nyanja ya Malawi mchaka cha 1859 ndipo ma tchalitchi a chi Sikotishi anatsatila m’mbuyo mwake kudzakhazikitsa ma tchalitchi. Boma la Britain linakhazikhitsa Nyasaland Protectorate mu chaka cha 1907. + +Ndale +Dziko la Britain linalamulila mpaka chaka cha 1964, ngakhale anthu ena a Chimalawi anayeseysa kupeza ufulu wodzilamulira wokha. Mu zaka za m’ma 1950, nkhani yofuna ufulu wodzilamulira inakula, maka maka pamene dziko la Britain linakhazikitsa Chitaganya cha Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland mu chaka cha 1953. Mu 1958, Dokotala Hastings Kamuzu Banda anabwelera ku dzikoli atachokako kwa nthawi yaitali. Iyeyu anakhala mtsogoleli wa chipani cha Nyasaland African Congress chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa dzina kukhala Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Mu chaka cha 1959, Banda anamangidwa ndipo anatumizidwa ku Gweru Prison mu dziko la Southern Rhodesia (lomwe pano limatchedwa Zimbabwe chifukwa cha ndale zofuna kuti dzikoli lidzizilamulira lokha. Iyeyu anamasulidwa chaka cha 1960 pamene analoledwa kupita ku London mdziko la Britain kukatenga mbali pa msokhano wokambirana za malamulo. +Pa 5 April 1961, chipani cha MCP chinapambana kuponsa zipani zonse pa chisankho chokhazikitsa ulamuliro wa tsopano. Ku msonkhano wokambirana za malamulo olamurira dziko ku London m’mwezi wa Novembala mu chaka cha 1962, boma la Britain linabvomera kuti Nyasaland likhale dziko lodzilamulira pa lokha. Chisankho chimenechi chinathetsa chitaganya cha Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland, chifukha dziko la Nyasaland likanakhala lodziimira pa lokha. Banda ansankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister pa 1 Febuluale 1963 ngakhale boma la Britain linkalamulirabe nkhani za chuma, chitetezo komanso ulamuliro wa dzikoli. Malamulo a tsopano olamulira dziko anakhazikitsidwa m’mwezi wa Meyi 1963, ndipo chitaganya chinathetsedwa pa 31 Disembala 1963. Dziko la Malawi linapatsidwa ufulu woyima pa lokha pa 6 Julaye 1964. Patapita zaka ziwili, dzikoli linakhala Lipabuliki lomwe Pulezidenti wake anali Dr. Banda ndipo analitchula kuti dziko lokhala ndi chipani chimodzi chokha. Mu 1970, Banda anapatsidwa u Pulezidenti wamuyaya wa MCP, ndipo 1971 anapatsidwa u Pulezidenti wa muyaya wa dziko la Malawi. + +Chifukwa cha kukula kwa kusakhutilitsidwa ndi ulamuliro wa Dr Banda, ndiponso makalata wolembedwa ndi mipingo ndiponso zonena za mabungwe osakhala a boma, dziko la Malawi linapangitsa Referendamu yomwe anthu anafunsidwa boma lomwe iwo ankafuna. Pa 14 June 1993, anthu ochuluka a dzikoli anasankha kuti dzikoli likhale la zipani zambiri. Chisankho chinapangidwa pa 17 May 1994 ndipo Bakili Muluzi amene anali mtsogoleli wa United Democratic Front (UDF). Chipani cha UDF chinatenga mipando 82 mwa mipando 177 ya ku Nyumba yolamulira boma ndipo chinakhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi chipani cha Alliance For Democracy (AFORD). Mgwirizanowu unathetsedwa m’chaka cka 1966 koma ena mwa anthu amene anali a AFORD anatsalilabe m’mboma. Malamulo olamulira dziko amene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1995 anathetsa mphamvu zomwe zinali za chipani cha MCP. Kufulumizitsa kutsegula kwa malonda (economic libelarisation) ndi kukhonzatso kayendetsedwe ka zinthu m’dzikoli kunali mbali ya kusintha kwa ndale kwa dzikoli. + +Kusankhanso kwa Pulezidenti wina mu ulamuliro wa demokilase kunachitika mmwezi wa Meyi 2004 pamene woyimila UDF pa chisankhochi a Dr. Bingu wa Muntharika anapambana pa chisanko chomwe a John Tembo woyimira MCP ndi a Gwanda Chakuamba woyimira Mgwirizano Coalition, limene linali gulu lomwe a mipingo ndi azipani zina ankatsatira. Chifukwa cha kampeni ndi dongosolo lomwe Bakili Muluzi anachita, chipani cha UDF chinankhazikitsa boma la zipani zambiri ndi zipani zina zotsutsa boma. + +Maboma a Malawi + Ku mpoto + Chitipa + Karonga + Rumphi + Mzuzu + Mzimba + (Ekwendeni) + Nkhata Bay + + Central regions + Lilongwe (capital) + Dedza + Ntcheu + Kasungu + Dowa + (Mponela) + Ntchisi + Nkhotakota + Salima + + Southern regions + Mangochi + (Monkey Bay) + Balaka + Liwonde + Machinga + Blantyre + Zomba + Chiradzulu + Mulanje + Phalombe + Thyolo + Mwanza + Chikwawa + Nsanje + (Neno) + +Link + about Chichewa/Chinyanja + Mchoco University + + +Maiko a pa dziko lapansi +Maiko amene ankalamulidwa ndi dziko la Britain +Balaka ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi, lomwe limapezeka mu chigawo cha kummwera kwa dzikoli. + + Wamdziko: 665 574 + +Malaŵi +Zambia, movomerezeka Republic of Zambia, ndi dziko lopanda malire kum'mwera kwa Africa (ngakhale kuti malo ena amasankha kuti akhale mbali ya kum'maŵa kwa Africa), pafupi ndi Democratic Republic of Congo kumpoto, Tanzania kumpoto- kum'maŵa, Malaŵi kummawa, Mozambique kumwera chakum'maŵa, Zimbabwe ndi Botswana kum'mwera, Namibia kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi Angola kumadzulo. Mzindawu ndi Lusaka, kum'mwera kwa dziko la Zambia. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimawonekera makamaka ku Lusaka kum'mwera ndi Province la Copperbelt kumpoto chakumadzulo, malo akuluakulu azachuma a dzikoli. + +Poyamba anthu a Khoisan ankakhala, derali linakhudzidwa ndi kukula kwa Bantu kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Atapita kukachezera ofufuza a ku Ulaya m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu, derali linakhala otetezera ku Britain a Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia ndi North-Eastern Rhodesia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Izi zinagwirizanitsidwa mu 1911 kupanga Northern Rhodesia. Kwa nthawi yambiri ya ukapolo, Zambia idayang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira omwe anasankhidwa kuchokera ku London ndi malangizo a Company South Africa. + +Pa 24 Oktoba 1964, Zambia inadziimira yekha ku United Kingdom ndi nduna yaikulu Kenneth Kaunda anakhala pulezidenti woyamba. Kaunda a Socialist United National Independence Party (UNIP) anakhalabe ndi mphamvu kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1991. Kaunda adagwira nawo ntchito yayikulu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, akugwirizana kwambiri ndi United States pofunafuna njira zothetsera mikangano ku Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Angola, ndi Namibia. Kuchokera mu 1972 mpaka 1991 Zambia inali chipani cha chipani chimodzi ndi UNIP monga chipani chokha cha ndale chalamulo pamutu wakuti "One Zambia, One Nation". Kaunda adatsogoleredwa ndi Frederick Chiluba wa Movement Social Demokrasi Movement for Multi-Party Democracy mu 1991, kuyambira nthawi ya chikhalidwe cha zachuma ndi zachuma. Levy Mwanawasa, wolowa m'malo mwa Chiluba, adayang'anira Zambia kuchokera mu January 2002 mpaka imfa yake mu August 2008, ndipo akuyamikira kuti ali ndi ndondomeko zochepetsera chiphuphu ndi kuwonjezera miyezo ya moyo.Pambuyo pa imfa ya Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda adakali Pulezidenti wotsatizana asanasankhidwe Pulezidenti mu 2008. Banda adachita ntchitoyi kwa zaka zitatu zokha, Banda adatsika atagonjetsedwa mu chisankho cha 2011 ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Patriotic Front Michael Sata. Sata anamwalira pa 28 Oktoba 2014, pulezidenti wachiwiri wa Zambia kuti afe. Guy Scott anatumikira mwachidule ngati pulezidenti wamakono mpaka chisankho chatsopano chinachitika pa 20 January 2015, pamene Edgar Lungu anasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wachisanu ndi chimodzi. + + +Maiko amene ankalamulidwa ndi dziko la Britain +Stand and Sing of Zambia, Proud and Free ndi nyimbo ya fuko la Zambia. Nyimboyi imachokera ku nyimbo Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika (Mulungu adalitse Afrika), yomwe inalembedwa ndi South Africa Enoch Sontonga, mu 1897. Nyimboyi inalembedwa pambuyo pa ufulu wa Zambia kuti ziwonetsere Zambia, mosiyana ndi mawu a Sontonga omwe amatchula Africa monga lonse. + +Mbiri +Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika inayamba kutchuka ku South Africa mu 1923 monga nyimbo yachikristu. Kutchuka kwake kunafalikira kuzungulira Africa kudzera m'mipingo ndipo nyimbozo zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka dziko la Africa. Pambuyo popita ku Zambia Independence Act 1964 mu Nyumba ya Malamulo ya United Kingdom yomwe idakhazikitsa ufulu wodzilamulira wa Zambia kuchokera ku United Kingdom, Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika inasankhidwa kukhala nyimbo yachifumu ya Zambia, m'malo mwa "Mulungu Pulumutsani Mfumukazi", nyimbo ya Northern Rhodesia. + +Posakhalitsa pambuyo pake, adasankha kuti mawu atsopano adayikidwa ku nyimbo za Nkosi Sikelel 'iAfrika zidzafunikira kuimba nyimbo ya Zambia. Mpikisano wa dziko unachitikira kwa mawu atsopano. Komabe, palibe zolembedwerazo zomwe zinkayesa zabwino zokwanira kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira nyimbo. Zotsatira zake, zolemba zisanu ndi chimodzi zinagwirizanitsidwa kuti zikhale "Imani ndi Imani ya Zambia, Wodzitama ndi Free" ndipo omwe adasankhidwa adapatsidwa mphoto. Olemba omwe adatsimikiziridwa kuti anali a G. Ellis, E.S. Musonda, J.M.S. Lichilana, I. Lowe, J. Sajiwandani, ndi R.J. Chisindikizo. + +Mu 1973, Lamulo la National Congress linapereka Lamulo la Nthano Yachibadwidwe, yomwe inalongosola mwalamulo mawu a Chingerezi akuti "Imani ndi Imani ya Zambia, Wodzitama ndi Free" ngati nyimbo ya dziko la Zambia. Lamuloli linapangitsanso "kunyalanyaza kapena kunyoza" nyimbo ndipo inapatsa Pulezidenti wa Zambia ufulu wokonza momwe nyimbo imayimbira ndi kulepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito. + +Nyimbo + +Zambia +Lilongwe ndi boma lina la dziko la Malaŵi. + +Lilongwe + +Lilongwe, ndi mzinda omwe umapezeka m'dziko la Malaŵi ndipo uli ndi anthu Pafupi fupi 1,600,000 ndipo ndi kapitolo ya dziko la Malaŵi. Mzinda wa Lilongwe umapezeka m'dera la pakati m'dziko la Malaŵi,ndipo udakhala pa Mstinge wawukulu wa Lilongwe, pafupi ndi malile a Malaŵi ndi Mozambique ndi Zambia. Mseu wawukulu wa M1 umadutsa pakatikati pa mzindau,ndipo msewu uwu ndi wawukulu m'dziko lonse la Malaŵi. + +Mbiri +Mzindawu udayamba moyo wake ngati mudzi wawun'gono chabe mphepete mwa mstinge wawukulu wa Lilongwe,pomwe udatengedawa ndi atsamunda a ku Mangalande,omwe udakhazikitsidwa ngati likulu lawoBritish colonial administrative centre. Nthawi yomwe izi zidachitika koyambilila kwa zaka za 1900. Chifuka chakuti mzindawu umapezeka pa njira yochoka ku mpoto ndi kulowela ku m'mwela kwa dziko la malawi,ndiponso pa mseu wopita ku Northen Rhodesia (tsopano Zambia),mzinda wa Lilongwe udakhala mzinda wawukulu zedi ku Malawi. Mu chaka cha 1974, Kapitolo ya dziko la Malawi idasunthidwa ku choka ku Zomba kupita ku boma la lilongwe. Ngakhale mzinda wa Lilongwe ndi kapitolo ya dziko la Malawi,ntchito za mbiri za chuma ndi malonda zi machitika mu mzinda wawukulu mu dziko lonse la Malawi, Blantyre (the commercial capital of Malawi. Mu nthawi za posachedwa pompa, Paliyamenti idasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Zomba ndipo ndikukhazikitsidwa mu mzinda wa Lilongwe. Izi adapanga ndi mtogoleri yemwe akulamla dziko la Malawi panopo, Dr Bingu wa Mutharika, ndipo mamembala a paliyamentiyi amayenera kukhala ku Lilongwe,kwa nthawi yomwe paliyamenti ikukumana. Tsopano Lilongwe ndi pakati kati pa za ndale,pamene Blantyre ndi pakati kati pa za malonda. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu (Demographics) + +Za Mzindawu +Anthu ambiri ochoka ku mayikao a ku ulaya,South Africa ndi anthu akunja,ogwira ntchito kunja amakhala ku Lilongwe, ndiponso kuli ma NGOs ngati (Care International, Plan International, Concern Worldwide, , Population Services International, The UNC Project, World Camp, Baylor International AIDS Initiative, Baobab Health Partnership, WaterAID), ma gulu ena ochoka kunja ngati (Peace Corps, USAID, DFID,UNICEF, UNHCR, UNFAO, WFP), ndipo makampani ochoka kunja, makamaka opanga nchito zokhudzana ndi za fodya, amapezekanso Lilongwe. Ndipo pa chifukwa chimenechi,alendo ambiri ochoka ku mayiko akunja adzapeza kuti mzinda wa Lilongwe ndi wamsangala,ndipo wokondweresta kukhalamo. Mzinda wa Liongwe uli ndi ma shopu ambili a coffee,modyeramo,mabala,malo achisangalalo, ndi casino amapezekanso mu mzinda wa Lilongwe. +lilongwe ndi Mzinda omwe uli ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, pakuti munthu utha kupanga chilichonse chomwe ungapange mu mizinda ya kunja ngati Johhanesburg,Pretoria,Newyork, kapenanso London. Moyo ku Lilongwe ndi wapamwamba ndipo wopambana. + +Koma chinthu chosakhala bwino ndi chakuti,anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ku Lilongweku ama khala moyo wovutika chifukwa chosowa ndalama,ndi nchito. Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Lilongwe chakula zedi pa chifukwa chakuti anthu ambiri aku mudzi (kuwonjezera ana a masiye) amapita ku Lilongwe pakufuna moyo wamtauni. Anthuwa amafunanso ntchito (zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimapezeka,ndipo amapezeka kuti akungokhala), ndikuyamba mabizinesi awo ang'ono ang'ono. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwakukulu chonchi pakati pa anthu okhala mu mznda wa Lilongwe,anthuwa amakhala mwamtendere. + +Nthawi yamvula ndi kuchoka miyezi ya November ndi April, ndipo nthawi imeneyi ku Lilongwe kumakhala kotentha,kwamatope ndipo ko biriwira kopambana. Miyezi ya June mpaka August kumakhakla kukuzizira zedi (mpkana ma digili okwana 6 nthawizina). Nthawi ya September mpaka October ndiyotentha. + +Lilongwe ndi malo omwe akhudzidwanso ndi matenda a HIV/AIDS ku Malawi. Mpakana anthu okwana 20% okhala mkatikati mwa mzindawu ali ndi HIV (kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a AIDS).Chomvesta chisoni ndi chakuti NAC inapereka lipoti la kuti anthu omwe akufa kwambiri ndi matendawa ndi anthu ofunika ngati aphunzitsi,anthu omwe amgwra ntchito ku unduna wa za ulimi,asilikali ndi apolisi .Chinthu Chinanso chomwe chikuwononga mzinda waLilongwe ndi kudulidwa kwa mitengo ya chilengedwe. Pali chiopsenzo chakuti pofika chaka cha 2015 anthu a m'midzi yozungulira Lilongwe adzakhala opandilatu mitengo ya nkhuni. Mavuto awa akukhudzana kwambili ndi kukukala kopitirira muyeso kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu mzindawu. + +Climate +Pa Zambiri za nyengo ya ku Malawi,chitani click apa www.bbc.com/weather . + +Reference + +Malaŵi + +Boma +Blantyre ndi mzinda wina wa dziko la Malawi. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mzindawu unali likulu la za chuma ndi za malonda mdzikoli ngakhale likulu la dzikoli lili ku Lilongwe. Blantyre ndi mzinda wofunika kwa dziko la Malawi chifukwa ndi mzinda omwe kumapezeka malo ofunika ngati Malawi Polytechnic,yomwe ndi sukulu ya za ukachenjede ku malawi,sukulu zina za ukachenjede zomwe zili ku Blantyre ndi College of Medicine (Sukulu ya a dotolo),College of Health Sciences ndi likulu la Malawi college of Accountancy. Apa ndiye kuti tingathe kunena kuti Blantyre ndi likulu la za maphunziro a ukachenjede. + +Malaŵi +Baibulo ndi buku lopatulika lomwe limakhulupiliwa kuti linapatsidwa kwa anthu kuchokera kwa Mulungu. Ilo lagawidwa muzigawo ziwiri- malemba a Chiheberi ndi malemba a Chigriki. Mabukhu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Chiyuda amatchedwa Tanaka kapena Baibulo la Chiyunda. Mabukhu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Chikhristu amatcheda Bukhu Loyera, Mau a Mulungu kapena Baibulo la chi Khristu. Chikhristu chimatenga ma bukhu ena a Baibulo la Chiyuda ku Chipangano cha kale, ngakhale ma bukhu awa amasiyana pa dongosolo lake ndipo ma baibulo ena ali ndi mabukhu owonjezera. baibulo la Chikhristu lili ndi mbali ina ya chiwiri yotchedwa Chipangano cha Tsopano. + + Buku Lopatulika ndilo Mau a Mulungu 1912 William Johnson. + +Mabukhu a Baibulo +Ma bukhu a baibulo amayalidwa mofanana mu zitanthauziro zosiyana siyana. Baibulo la Chikhristu linagawidwa mbali ziwili: Chipangano cha Kale ndi Chipangano cha Tsopano. + +Chipangano cha Kale + +Genesis + +Ekesodo +20 + +Numeri + +Deuteronomo + +Yoswa + +Oweruza + +Rute + +1 Samueli + +2 Samueli + +1 Mafumu + +2 Mafumu + +1 Mbiri + +2 Mbiri + +Ezara + +Nehemiya + +Estere + +Yobu + +Masalimo + +Miyambo + +Mlaliki + +Nyimbo ya Solomo + +Yesaya + +Yeremiya + +Maliro + +Ezekieli + +Danieli + +Hoseya + +Yoweri + +Obadiya + +Yona + +Mika + +Nahamu + +Habakuku + +Zefaniya + +Hagai + +Zekariya + +Malaki + +Chipangano cha Tsopano + +Mateyu + +Maliko + +Luka + +Yohane + +Machitidwe a Atumwi + +Aroma + +1 Akorinto + +2 Akorinto + +Afilipi + +Akolose + +1 Atesalonika + +2 Atesalonika + +1 Timoteyo + +2 Timoteyo + +Tito + +Ahebri + +Yakobo + +1 Petro + +2 Petro + +1 Yohane + +2 Yohane + +3 Yohane + +Yuda + +Chibvumbulutso + +Baibulo +Yesu Khristu (8–2 BC/BCE to 29–36 AD/CE)[1], amene amatchulidwanso kuti Yesu wa ku Nazareti, ndi mzati wa chi Khristu. Iye amatchulidwanso ndi dzina loti Yesu Khristu, lomwe linachokela potanthauzila ku Chizungu dzina lake la chi Helene Iēsous, lomwenso linachokela pophatikiza dzina la chi Yuda Yehoshua, lomwe limatanthauza kuyi "Yehova ndiye Chipulumutso", pomwe Khristu ndi mutu wochokera ku chi Helene Christós, kutanthauza "Wodzodzedwa", ndipo limafanana ndi liu la chi Yuda "Mesiya" [1] + +Zambiri zokhudza moyo wa Yesu ndi ziphunzitso zake zinachokela ku ma bukhu a uthenga wa bwino +a mu Chipangano cha Tsopano a Mateyu, Maliko, Luka ndi Yohane. Akachenjede pa nkhani za mbiri ndi baibulo amagwirizana kuti Yesu anali mu Yuda wa ku Galile, ankadziwika kuti ndi mphuzitsi andi mchilitsi, anabatizidwa ndi Yohane mmbatizi, anapachikidwa ku Yelusalemu malinga ndi chigamulo cha mtsogoleri wa chi Roma Pilato pa mlandu wogalamukira boma la chi Roma.[2][3] A kachenjede ena ochepa amakayikira umoyo wa Yesu mu mburi ya dziko la pansi, ndipo ena amanena kuti Yesu Khristu ndi nthano chabe.[4] + +A Khristu amakhulupilira kuti Yesu ndi Mpulumutsi ndipo kubwera kwake kunanenedwa mu Chipangano cha Kale ndipo amakhulupilira kuti anauka kwa akufa. A Khristu ambiri amakhulupiliranso kuti Yesu ndi Mulungu amene anabwera kuzapeleka chipulumutso ndi kuyanjanitsanso munthu ndi Mulungu. A Khristu amene sakhulupilira zoti Mulungu ndi m'modzi mwa atatu amatanthauzira mosiyana siyana za uMulungu wake (onani m'musimu). Zikhulupiriro zina za chi Khristu ndi zakuti anabadwa kwa mzimayi, anachita zozizwa ali pa dziko la pansi, anakwanilitsa zomwe zinaneneredwa mu Chipangano cha Kale, anakwela kumwamba ndipo adzabweranso kudzatenga oyera mtima. + +Ku chi Silamu, Yesu, (Arabic: عيسى,kutanthauza kwake Isa) amatengedwa kuti ndi m'neneri wokondedwa was Mulungu, amene anabweretsa mau a Mulungu, wochita zozizwa ndiponso kuti ndi Mpulumutsi. Asilamu koma sabvomerezana ndi chikhulupiliro cha Akhristu chakuti Yesu anapachikidwa pa mtanda, ndi kutinso ndi Mulungu. Asilamu amakhulupilira kuti kukhomeleredwa pa mtanda kwa Yesu ndi masomphenya chabe koma Yesuyo anakweradi ku mwamba ndi thupi lake. Asilamu ambiri amakhulupiliranso kuti Yesu adzabweranso ndi Mahdi dziko likadzadzala ndi uchimo ndi kusowa chilungamo pa nthawi ya kubwera kwa woyipayo wa ku Chisilamu Dajjal. + +Mbiri +Nkhani ya kubadwa kwa Yesu imalongosoledwa bwino mu Uthenga wa bwino wa Mateyo(lomwe limafanizidwa kuti linalembedwa pakati pa 65 ndi 90 AD/CE)[5] ndi bukhu la Luka lomwe limafanizidwa kuti linalembedwa pakati pa 65 ndi 100 AD/CE)[6]. Anthu ozama pa za maphunziro amapanga mtsutso pa dongosolo la m'mene Yesu anabadwira, ndipo ochepa ndi amene amanena kuti amadziwa zaka zomwe Yesu anabadwa ndi kumwalila. + +Nkhani ya kubwadwa ka Yesu mu Chipangano cha Tsopano m'mabukhu a Mateyu ndi Luka sanena tsiku kapena nyengo imene Yesu anabadwa. Mu Chikhristu cha ku azungu, 25 December ndi tsiku lomwe amakumbukira kubadwa ka Yesu. Tsikuli linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma 330 AD pakati pa Akhristu a chi Roma. Asanayambe kutero, ndiponso mpaka masiku ano mu Chikhristu cha mayiko a kumadzulo, kubadwa kwa Yesu kumakumbukulidwa pa 6 January ngati mbali ya phwando la Theophany [7], lomwe limadziwikanso ndi kuti Epiphany, lomwe ndi phwando losangalala kubwela pa dziko la pansi kwa Mulungu, konwe ena amatchula kuti ndi tsiku la chikhumi ndi chiwili (Twelfth day)lomwe linali tsiku lomwe anzeru a kum'mawa anakaona Yesu. Tsikulinso amakumbukira kubatizidwa kwa Yesu ndi Yohane m'mbatizi mu mtsinje wa Yorodani ndiponso zina zomwe zinachitika pa moyo wa Yesu. Akachenjede ena amati zomwe analemba Luka pa zimene abusa a nkhosa pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Yesu zimasonyeza kuti Yesu anabadwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yozizira kapena nthawi yotentha. [8]. Akachenjedewanso amaganizira kuti tsiku lokumbukira kubadwa kwa Yesu linasinthidwa ndi mpingo wa Chikatolika poyesa kusiyitsa chisangalalo cha anthu a chi Roma cha Saturnalia (lomwe lili tsiku lmwe ankhasangalala kubadwa kwa mulungu wawo wa dzuwa, Sol Ivictus + +Mu chaka cha mazana awiri, makumi anayi ndi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri (248) pa Nthawi ya Daoklishani (yomwe Daocletian analanda ufumu wa chi Roma) Dionysius Exiguus anayesetsa kuwerenga molondola zaka zomwe zinapita chibadwireni Yesu ndipo anawelenga kuti panadutsa zaka mazana anasu ndi chiwiri ndi makumu asanu ndi atatu (753) chikhazikutsireni mzinda wa Rome. Iyeyo anakhazikitsa kuti tsiku la kubadwa ka Yesu linali pa 25 December 1ACN (kutanthauza kuti zaka za kumbuyo Yesu asanabadwe) ndipo anatchila chaka chitsatiracho 1 AD- ndipo chomwecho ankhazikitsa dongosolo lowerenga zaka kuchokera pa chaka chomwe Yesu anabwadwa: AD (amene amatanthauza Chaka cha Mulungu). DOngosololi linapangidwa mu chaka cha mazana asanu, makumi atatu ndi awiri (532), ndipo patapita zaka pafupi fipi mazana awiri anthu anavomereza kuti likhale dongosolo lomwe maiko onse azigwiritsa ntchito. + +Ndi povuta kunena tsiku leni leni lomwe Yesu anabadwa chifukwa zolembalemba zina zokhudza nkhaniyi zinasowa kapena kuonongeka ndiponso zaka 1900 zinadutsa chilembedwereni mau a mu uthenga wa bwino, koma chifukwa cha kadamsana amene anachitiza zaka zana kuchokera pamene yesu anabadwa, olemba mbiri Josephus analemba kuti zimenezi zinachitika patatsala nthawi pang'ono kuti Herodi, amene amatchulidwa mu bukhu la Mateyu, amwalire, ndiponso amatchula kuti malinga ndi mbiri, Yesu anabadwa chaka cha 3BC chisanakwane. + +Uthenga wa bwino wa Luka ndi Mateyu umanena kuti Yesu anabadwa pa nthawi yomwe Herodi anali mfumu. Luka amenenanso kuti Yesu anabadwa pa nthawi ya Gavanala Quirinius ndipo inali nthawi ya kalembera wa magawo onse a chi Roma ku Siriya ndi Yudeya. Josephus amati izi zinachitika 5AD/CE (zomwe Luka amanena mu Machitidwe 5:37), patapita nthawi chimwalilireni Herodi mu 4BC. Choncho, kutsutsana kumakhala pa nkhani yofufuza ngati zomwe zinalembedwa zingagwirizane ndi kulamulila kwa kale kwa Quirinius ku Siriya, ndi kalembera wina amene akanakhala kuti anachitikapo, ndi kuona kuti kulongosola kolakwika ndi kuti. [9] + +Tsiku la kubadwa ka Yesu nso silimadziwika bwino bwino. Uthenga wa Bwino wa Yohane umalongosola kuti kupachikidwa kwake kunali nthawi ya Pasaka yomwe imachitika tsiku la khumi ndi chinayi la mwezi wa Nisan ku chi Yuda, pomwe mabukhu a uthenga wa bwino (kupatula Marko 14:2) amati nkhomaliro yotsilizaya Yesu ndi Pasaka zinachitika pa tsiku la khumi ndi chisani mwezi wa Nisan; koma akachenjede ena amati mabukhu enawo amagwirizana ndi zolembedwa mu bukhu la Yohane. [10] A Yudanso ankatsatila kalendala ya dzuwa ndi mwezi, yomwe imawelenga masiku malinga ndi kusintha kwa mwezi, imene imabvuta powelenga pongwiritsa ntchito [kalendala] ya dzuwa. Bukhu la a John P. Meier's A Marginal Jew lomwe limaunika masiku a utsogoleri wa Pilato ndi masiku a Pasaka limanena kuti Yesu anakhomeleredwa pa mtanda pa 7 April 30AD kapena pa 3 April, 33 AD. + +Notes + +Akhristu +Ekwendeni ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Malaŵi, mu boma la Mzimba. + +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 20 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Mzuzu. Ekwendeni ndi tauni yimodzi yomwe yili yayikulu mu matauni a mdziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Chichewa, (Chicheŵa mu chilankhulo cha ku Malaŵi, chomwe chimatchulidwanso kuti Chinyanja) ndi chilankhulo cha anthu a chi Bantu ndipo chimalankhulidwa kwambiri ku m’mwera ndi pakati kwa Africa. Mau oyamba okuti Chi- amene amalembedwanso kuti Ci- amatanthauza “mokhala ngati”, motero liu loti Chichewa limatanthauza “mokhala ngati Achewa”, choncho chilankhulochi chimadziwikanso ndi maina okuti Chewa kapena Nyanja. Chingoni (Ngoni) ndi Chikunda (Kunda) ndi kalankhulidwe kena ka chilankhulochi,Ena mwa ma Liu a mchichewa afanananso ndi Shona, isizulu ndebele komanso Isixhosa. + +Kufala kwa Chilankhulochi +Chichewa ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo ziwiri zovomelezeka za dziko la Malawi (chilankhulo chinacho ndi Chingerezi), ndipo Chinyanja ndi chimodzi cha zilankhulo zisanu ndi ziwiri za dziko la Zambia, kumene chimalankhulidwa kwambiri kumvuma kwa dzikoli. Chichewa chimalankhulidwanso ku Mozambique, Maka maka mdera la Tete ndi Niassa ndiponso ku Zimbabwe kumene, malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi chilankhulo chachitatu pa zilankhulo zonse za dzikolo, pambuyo pa Chishona ndi Chindebele. Maiko a Malawi, Zambia ndi Mozambique ndi kumene chilankhulochi chimayankhulidwa kwambiri. Baibulo ndi Khorani anatanthauziridwa mu Chichewa. + +Zitsanzo zazitsanzo + +Mbiri +Chichewa chinayambira ku ufumu wa Amaravi, umene unali wotchuka pa zaka za pakati pa 1500 ndi 1800. Ufumuwu unali ku Malawi, Zambia ndi Mozambique. Chilankhulochi chinakhalabe chotchuka ngakhale Angoni anagwetsa ufumu wa chi Maraviwo ndipo chinabvomerezedwa ndi ofalitsa uthenga wa Chikhristu pachiyambi pa chitsamunda. Ku Zambia, chilankhulochi chimatchuka ndi dzina lakuti Chinyanja, lomwe limatanthauza “chilankhulo cha Anyanja”, ndipo chimalankhulidwa ndi anthu a Chingoni ndi Chikunda. +Mbali la Baibulo linatanthauziridwa mu chilankhulochi mu zaka za m’ma 1900. + +Zolemba + +Chilankhulo +Nyasa zinenero +Zinenero za Malawi +Zinenero za Mozambique +Zinenero za Zambia +Zinenero za Zimbabwe + +Zambia +Chinenelo cha dzika ndi chilankhulo chomwe anthu a dziko amalankhula. Chinenelochi chimasankhidwa ndi boma la dziko. + +Chilankhulo +Ndiponso English ina imalankhulidwa ku dziko la America.Galamala yake imafanana koma mawu ena amasiyana.wachitsanzo ena amst hey dziko lina amati hello. +English, pa Chichewa amati Chingerezi, ndi chilankhulo cha azungu ochokela ku Britain. + +Chilankhulo +Davide Banda ndi mwana amene Madonna, woyimba wina otchuka wa ku Amerika anamutenga kuti akhale mwana wake. David Banda anabadwira ku Mchinji m’dziko la Malawi pa 24 Sepitembala 2005. A Madonna analembetsa ku boma la Malawi kuti akufuna atamutenga mwanayu pa 10 Okotobala 2006 kuti akufuna atamutenga mwanayo. Banja la a Madonna linamutchula mwanayo kuti David Banda Mwale Cicconne Ricthie, potenga dzina lomwe anabadwa nalo mwanayo komanso kuphatikiza la a Madonna wo ndi la amuna awo a Guy Ritchie. Mwanayo anakamupeza ku malo osungila ana amasiye pamene a Madonna anapita ku Malawi. + +Davide Banda anatengedwa kuchoka ku Malawi pa 16 Okotobala. Kumutenga kwa mwanayu ndi a Madonna kunayambitsa nkhani yofufuza ngati a Madonna wo anapatsidwa ulemu wa padera chifukwa choti ndi munthu wotchuka. Izi zinali chomwechi chifukwa chakuti pa Malamulo a dzikoli, munthu amayenera kukhala mu dzikoli kwa chaka chimodzi asanatenge mwana. Ma gulu ena owona za ufulu wa anthu ananena kuti chaka cha 2005 ana atatu wokha analoledwa kutengendwa mdzikoli. Maguluwa anakasuma ku khothi kuti nkhaniyi iwunikidwenso bwino. + +A Madonna anayankhula pa kanema pa pologilamu ya Oprah Winfrey pa 25 Okotobala 2006 pofuna kukana zomwe anthu ankanenazi. Pamene ankacheza ndi Oprah Winfrey, a Madonnawa ananena kuti ku Malawi kulibe malamulo olembedwa bwino bwino okhudza kutengedwa kwa ana osowa kapena amasiye ndi anthu ochokera kunja. Iwo anaonjeza kuti anakhala akuganiza zokatenga mwana kwa zaka ziwiri. A Madonna anatinso Banda anali akudwala chibayo komanso anali atachila malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndiponso kuti iwowo anamupeza mwanayu ku malo osungirako ana a masiye. A Madonna anadandaulanso kuti atolankhani sathandiza ana amasiye a ku Malawi komanso a pa dziko lonse la pansi chifukwa amalemba nkhani zomwe sizilimbikitsa anthu kuti adzikatenga ana a masiye ku Africa. A Madonna anawonjeza kuti “Ndakhala ndikuganiza kwa nthawi yaitali kuti ndikatenge mwana wosowa ku dziko lina losauka- osati ku Malawi kokha- kuti ndimpatse moyo wabwino womwe iyeyo sakanatha kukhala nawo.” + +David Bandayu sanali mwana wa masiye koma bambo ake anakamusiya ku malo osunga ana amasiye pamene mayi ake anamwalira. Pa 22 Okotobala 2006, ma nyuzipepala analemba kuti bambo ake a David, a Yohane Banda, samadziwa kuti mwana wawoyo akumupelekelatu kwa a Madonna ndipo sanazindikire kuti mawu oti adoption amatanthauza zimenezi. Iwo amayesa kuti mwanayo azikakhala kwa a Madonna kwa kanthawi kochepa kenaka nkubweleranso kwawo. + +Patapita masiku ochepa a Madonna atawoneka pa pologilamu ya Oprah Winfrey, a Banda anadandaula kuti ma bungwe oona za ufulu wa anthu anakhala akuwabvutitsa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi kumawopsyeza kuti sakudziwa chomwe akuchita. Iwonso anati “Cholinga cha mabungwewa akufuna kuti ineyo ndikaathandize pa mulandu umene iwo anakasuma ku khothi koma ine sindingabvomere zimenezi chifukwa ndikudziwa zomwe ndinagwirizana ndi a Madonna ndi amuna awo.” + +A Madonna ananena pamene anafunsidwa ndi Meredith Vieira wa pa Dateline NBC kuti a Banda ankadziwa chomwe ankachita chifukwa iwo anakana kuti a Madona adzingowathandiza kulera mwanayo, koma iwowo anafuna kuti a Madonna amutenge mwanayo. + +Panakali pano mulandu womwe anasuma mabungwe oona za ufulu wa anthu udakadikila chigamulo + +External Links + Madonna website + Guy Ritchie website +Elesoni Bakili Muluzi, amene anabadwa pa 17 Malichi 1943 anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malawi kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2004. + +Moyo wawo wakale + +Muluzi anabadwira mmboma la Mangochi ndipo anagwirako ntchito mmboma. A Muluzi anakhala mmaudindo wosiyana siyana mu chipani cha Malawi Congress Party chomwe chinkalamulira dzikoli. + +Utsogoleri wa dziko la Malawi + +Lernt schreiben, amene ankayimira chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) anakhala mtsogoleri wa dzikoli pamene anapambana pa chisankho cha utsogoleri cha zipani zambiri pomwe iwo anapambana ndi 47%. Iwowa anapeza ma voti ambiri kuposa mtsogoleri wa kale amene analamulira dzikoli kuyambira 1964, a Hastings Kamuzu Banda. A Muluzi anapambanso pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika mu 1999 popeza 52% ya mavoti onse, kuwaposa a Gwanda Chakuamba amene ankawoneka ngati apambana pa chisankhocho. +Mu 2002, anthu owathandizira ankafuna kusintha malamulo akuti mtsogoleri aziyima pa chisankho kawiri kokha ndi cholinga chakuti a Muluzi ayime kachitatu. Maganizo amenewa anasiyidwa pamene anthu ena anatsutsana nalo ganizoli pochita ziwonetsero. Iwo anasiya boma mu mwezi wa Meyi 2004, ndipo amene anapambana chisankho anali a Bingu wa Muntharika amene ankayimiranso chipani cha UDF. + +A Muluzi anali ndi maudindo muboma la a Hastings Kamuzu Banda koma iwo anali mmodzi mwa amene ankatsutsana ndi boma la chipani chimodzi. Ngakhale zinali chonchi, utsogoleri wa a Banda unali ndi nkhani zina zosakhala bwino, mwachitsanzo pamene iwo anagulitsa chimanga chomwe dzikoli linkasunga pa nthawi yomwe kunali njala komanso posokoneza ndalama zomwe zinapezeka pa malonda ndi maiko ena a chimangacho, ngakhale maiko ena akunja ankayesayesa kuti afufuze chomwe chinachitika. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndalamazi anagawana a Muluzi ndi wotsatira awo ndipo zinasungidwa ku nyumba zosungirako ndalama za maiko a kunja. +Ngakhale kunali nkhani zambiri zotele, a Muluzi anali mtsogoleri wotchuka mu dzikolu makamaka ku madera a ku mmwela kwa dzikoli. + +links + +1943 +United Democratic Front (Malawi) politicians +Presidents of Malawi +Malawian democracy activists +Heads of regimes who were later imprisoned + +Moyo wawo atasiya utsogoleri + +Iwo anapitiliza kukhala mtsogoleri wa UDF ngakhale anasemphana maganizo ndi amene iwo anamusankha kukhala mtsogoleri, a Bingu wa Muntharika. A Muntharika anasiya chipani cha UDF ndikukapanga chipani chawo cha Democractic Progressive Party (DPP). + +A Muluzi anamangidwa pa 27 Julaye 2006 pa milandu yokhudza ziphuphu koma anamasulidwa tsiku lomwelo. Patangopita ma ola ochepa, munthu amene ankafufuza za mulandu wa a Muluzi, a Gustav Kaliwo anaimitsidwa pa ntchito ndi a Muntharika. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, amene amazenga mulandu wa a Muluzi, a Ishmael Wadi anaimitsa mulanduwu. + +Kuyambira mwezi wa Malichi 2007 anthu ena anayamba kunena kuti a Muluzi adzaimenso pa chisankho chomwe chidzachitike mu 2009 ndipo anawapatsa nthawi yakuti anene ngati ankafuna kudzaima pa chisankhocho. Pa 11 Malichi, a Muluzi analengeza kuti adzaimadi, ndipo otsatira awo ena ngati a Brown Mpinganjira komanso a Sam Mpasu, amene koyambilira ankafuna kudzaimira UDF pa chisankhochi, analengeza kuti sadzaima chifukwa cha chidwi chomwe a Muluzi anawonetsa kudzaima. + +Ngakhale zili chonchi, pali kusamvetsetsa pa zomwe malamulo a dzikoli amanena zokhudza kuima pa chisankho cha atsogoleri akale chifukwa malamulowo amanena kuto mtsogoleri sangaime kachitatu kotsatizana ndipo a Muluzi akufuna kuima chifukwa sanaime pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika 2004. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, anthu ambiri akufuna kuti malamulowo asinthidwe ndipo kuti mawu onena zotsatizana achotsedwe mu malamulowo. +Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ndi chipani cha ndale cha ku Malaŵi. Dzina lake la kale la chipanichi linani Nyasaland African Congress, koma chinasintha kukhala MCP pa nthawi yomwe a Hastings Kamuzu Banda anali mundende ku Gwelo my Southern Rhodesia. Anakhazokitsa chipanichi ndi a Orton Edgar Chong'oli Chirwa and a Aleke Banda. + +Chipanichi chinapambana pa chisankho mu chaka cha 1961 ndipo chinatenga mipando yonse pa chisankhochi. Kupambana kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti dziko la Malaŵi lipatsidwe ufulu wodzilamulira lokha kuchokera ku boma la chitsamunda. Mu 1966, chipanichi chinapatsidwa mphamvu yokhala chipani chikhacho mu dziko la Malaŵi. Anthu wonse akulu akulu amayenera kukhala mbali ya chipanichi ndipo amayenera kunyamula ziphaso zosonyeza kuti iwo analidi otsatira chipanichi. + +Chipani cha MCP chinatha mphamvu 1993 pamene kunachitika chisankho chomwe anthu ambiri anasankha kuti boma la Malaŵi likhale la zipani zambiri. Mu 1994, chipanichi chinagonjetsedwa m ndi chipani cha zipani zambiri chomwe chinachitika mu dziko la Malaŵi. + +Ngakhale zinakhala chonchi, chipani cha MCP chinakalibe ndi mphamvu mu dziko la Malaŵi ndipo chili ndi mphamvu zambiri mu chigawo cha pakati cha dzikoli kumene kuli aChewa ndi aNyanja ambiri. + +Pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika mu 2004, mtsogoleri wa chipanichi a John Tembo (amene anali wogwirizana kwambiri ndi a Banda) anapeza 27.1% ya mavoti onse ndipo chipanichi chinapeza mipando 60 kwa mipando 194 yomwe ya a phungu wa nyumba ya malamulo. + +ziPani za ndale za ku Malaŵi +United Democtratic Front (UDF) ndi chipani cha ndale cha mu dziko la Malaŵi. Chipanichi ndi chotchuka ku mmwera kwa dzikoli ndipo chili ndi mphamvu kwambiri mmadera kumene kumakhala aYao. Chipanichi chinalembetsedwa ku bungwe la Liberal International, limene lili bungwe lomwe la zipani zomwe zimakhulupilira za ufulu wa munthu aliyense. + +Mtsogoleri wa chipanichi ndi a Bakili Muluzi, amene anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malaŵi kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2004. Kuyambira mu chaka cha 2005, a Muluzi ndi wamkulu kwambiri wa chipanichi. + +Amene anasankhidwa kuti ayimire chipanichi pa chisankho cha 2004, a Bingu wa Muntharika anapambana chisankhocho ndi 35.9% ya mavoti onse amene anaponyedwa. Chipanichi chinatenganso mipando 49 ya mipando 194 ya amphungu a nyumba ya malamulo. Chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi chipanichi ndi a Muluzi, makamaka ku mbali ya nkhani yolandira ziphuphu imene a Muluzi ankakhudzidwa nayo, a Muntharika anasiya chipanichi mu February 2005 ndipo anayambitsa chipani chawo cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). + +ziPani za ndale za ku Malaŵi +Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) ndi chipani cha ndale cholamulira mu dziko la Malaŵi. Chipanichi chinakhazikitsidwa mu Febuluale 2005 ndi msogoleri wa dziko la Malaŵi, a Bingu wa Muntharika. Iwowa anayamba chipanichi chifukwa chakusagwirizana maganizo ndi chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) chomwe iwo anachiyimira pa chisankho. Panali maganizo ndi mphekesera zakuti boma la UDF lomwe linalamulira kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2004 silinachite zokwanira pothetsa mchitidwe wa ziphuphu. + +Aphungu ena amene anapambana pa chisankho cha 2004 oyimira zipani za Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ndi UDF analowa chipani cha DPP. + +Chipani cha DPP chinapambananso pa chisankho cha Aphungu a Nyumba Ya Malamulo ndi Mtsogoleri wa dziko pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika pa 19 May 2009. Chipanichi chinapambana ndi mipando 140 mwa mipando 193 ya Nyumba ya Malamulo + +ziPani za ndale za ku Malaŵi +Gwandaguluwe Chakuamba Phiri amene anabadwa 1935, ndi munthu wina wotchuka pa nkhani ya ndale mu dziko la Malawi. Iwo amachikera ku chigwa cha mtsinje wa Shire kummwera kwa dzikoli. Anthu ambiri amaatchula kuti a Gwanda Chakuamba. + +Zaka zoyambilira + +Pamene dziko la Malawi linakhala loyima palokha mu 1964 mpaka 1980, a Chakuamba anali munthu wodziwika mu chipani cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP}, chipani chokhacho chomwe chinali chololedwa mzikoli. Pa nthawi yomwe a Hastings Kamuzu Banda ankalamulira dziko la Malawi, a Chakuamba anakhala mu mipando yosiyana siyana mu chipanichi. Mpando wina unali mtsogoleri wa bungwe la a chinyamata la Malawi Young Pioneers (MYP). Mu 1980, iwo anapezeka wolakwa pa mulandu wotsutsa boma ndipo anamangidwa kwa zaka 22. + +Ndale za zipani zambiri +A Chakuamba anamasulidwa mwezi wa Julaye 1993 patangotha mwezi umodzi anthu a dzikoli atabvomera kuti mu dzikoli mukhale boma la zpani zambiri. Iwo atamasulidwa, analowa chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) koma patangopita ka nthawi kochepa, anabweleranso ku MCP ndipo anakhala Mulembi Wamkulu wa chipanichi. Mu Febuluale 1994, chipani cha MCP chinalengeza kuti Hastings Kamuzu Banda adzaimira chipanichi pa chisankho cha zipani zambiri choyamba cha mu dzikoli ndipo a Chakuamba adzaimira ngati wachiwiri wawo. + +Pa chisankhochi, chomwe chinachitika pa 17 May 1994, a Bakili Muluzi ndi chipani chawo cha UDF anapambana ndipo a Banda ansiya ndale. Pa nthawi imeneyi, a Chakuamba anakhala mtsogoleri wa MCP. +Mwezi wa Febuluale 1999, chipani cha MCP chinapanga mgiwirizano ndi chipani cha Alliance for Democracy (AFORD} ngati mbali ina yokhonzekera chisankho chomwe chinachitika mu Meyi chaka chomwecho. A Chakuamba anasankhidwa ngati mstogoleri wa mgwirizanowo ndipo a Chakufwa Chihana, mtsogoleri wa AFORD ngati wachiwiri wawo. Anthu otsatira MCP ambiri sanagwirizane nazo zimenezi chifukwa a Chakuamba sanasankhe a John Tembo kukhala wachiwiri wawo ndipo anayamba matukutuku ofuna kuti a Chakuamba atule pansi udindo wa utsogoleri wa chipanichi. + +Pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika pa 15 Juni 1999, a Muluzi anapambananso ndipo a Chakuamba anali otsatira ndi 45% ya mavoti onse. Ngakhale odzawonelera chisankho ochokera ku maiko a kunja ananena kutu chisankhochi chinayenda mwa chilungamol, mgwirizano wa MCP ndi AFORD unakasuma ku bwalo la milandu potsutsana ndi zotsatira za chisankhochi ndipo anadandaula kuti panali chinyengo mu maboma 16. Bwaloli linapeza kuti panalibe chinyengo. + +Mwezi wa Okotobala 2002, a Chakuamba anamangidwa kwa kanthawi kochepa chifukwa cholemba kalata ya bodza mu dzina la a Bakili Muluzi kwa aphungu a nyumba ya malamulo yonena kuti adzawapatsa ndalama akabvomera kuti a Muluzi adzaimenso kachitatu pa chisankho cha utsogoleri ngakhale malamulo a dzikoli samawalola kutero. + +Pa miyezi yoyandikira chisankho cha 2004, a Chakuamba anasiya chipani cha MCP ndipo anayambitsa chipani chawo cha Republican Party (RP). Chipanichi chinapanga ubale ndi zipani zina zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi kupanga Mgwirizano Coalition. A Chakuamba anasankhidwa kukhala wotsogolera mgwirizanowo komanso kuti adzaimire gululi pa chisankho. Zotsatira za chisankho zonawonetsa a Chakuamba kuti anali wachitatu pa chisankhochi pambuyo pa a Bingu wa Muntharika wa UDF ndi a John Tembo a MCP, ndi 26% ya voti. the MCP, winning 25.7% of the vote. +Kuwelenga kwa mavoti kusanathe, a Chakuamba analengeza kuti anapambana ndipo zotsatira zoonetsa kuti a Muntharika akutsogola zinali za bodza. A Muntharika anapambanabe ndipo analumbiritsidwa utsogoleri pa 24 Meyi ngakhale a Chakuamba ankanena kuti zotsatirazosinali zobera. + +Kumayambiliro a mwezi wa Juni, a Chakuamba anasiya kutsutsa zotsatira za chisankhochi ndipo analola kuthandiza boma la a Muntharika. Iwo sanapatsidwe unduna koma anthu ena atatu a chipani chawo cha RP anapatsidwa mipando mbomali. A Chakuamba anapatsidwa unduna wa zaulimu mu Febuluale 2005, ndipo anasiya chipani cha RP ndikukalowa DPP. Iwo anasankhidwa kukhala woyamba wa wachiwiri wa mstogoleri wa dziko. Mu Sepitembala 2005 a Chakuamba anachotsedwa unduna ndipo anafundidwa ndi apolisi patangopita masiku ochepa chifukwa chonena kuti a Muntharika akhala atachoka pa udindo pasanafike pa Khilisimasi. +John Zenasi Ungapake Tembo, amene anabadwa pa 14 Sepitembala 1932 ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP) cha mudziko la Malawi chomwe chili chipani chachikulu chotsutsa mu dzikoli. A Tembo amachokera m’boma la Dedza ndipo ndi mphunzitsi. + +Moyo wawo wakale + +A Tembo anasankhidwa kukhala mmodzi wa aphungu a nyumba ya Nyasaland (dzina la kale la dziko la Malawi) mu 1961, zaka zitatu dzikoli lisanalandire ufulu wodzilamulira lokha. Iwo anali munthu wachiwiri amene anakhala nduna ya zachuma mdzikoli atachoka a Sir Henry Phillips, mpando umene ankafuna kuti akhalepo a Dunduzu Chisiza. (A Chisiza anamwalira mu 1962 pa ngozi ya galimoto imene anthi ena amanena kuti siinali ngozi koma anthu anachita kupangitsa ndipo a Tembo amatchuka kuti ndi amene anapangitsa ngoziyi). A Tembo anali nduna yokhayo imene siintule pansi pamene nduna zina zinachotsedwa kapena kuthawa mdzikoli. Nthawi imeneyi, anthu ambiri amene amatsutsana ndi a Kamuzu Banda, amene anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malawi anathawa . + +Ubale ndi a Kamuzu Banda + +A Tembo anali amene amaoneka kuti a Hastings Kamuzu Banda, mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malawi, ankawakhulupirlira kwambiri. Ubwenzi wawo unalimbikitsidwa pamene a Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira, mwana wa a chemwali awo a a Tembo, anamutenga kukhala wothandizira a Banda, ndipo a Kadzamirawa amatchulidwanso kuti ‘Mama’. Chifukwa chakuti a Banda ankawakhulupilira ngati mlangizi, a Tembo anali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa nkhani ya ndale za dzikoli pa zaka zonse zomwe a Banda anli mtsogoleri. Mphamvu za a Tembo zinkawoneka ngati zimachulukira pemene a Banda anayamba kufooka chifukwa cha ukalamba. Zinali zodabwitsa kuti a Banda anasankha wina amene amatsutsana ndi a Tembo, a Gwanda Chakuamba kuti akhale wachiwiri wawo pamene kunachitika chisankho cha zipani zambiri mu 1994. + +Mu 1995 chipani cha MCP chitalephera pa chisankhochi, a Tembo, ‘Mama’ komanso a Kamuzu Banda anazengedwa mulandu wokhudza kuphedwa kwa anthi ena otchuka pa ndale mu 1983 omwe amawaganizira kuti amadziwapo kanthu pa nkhaniyi. Mulanduwu umatchuka ndi dzina loti Mwanza Trial. Pamene palibe chikaiko chilichonse chakuti anthuwa anachita kuphedwa pa ngozi ya galimoto yomwe inachitika ku Mwanza mmanja mwa anthu oona a chitetezo a dzikoli, panalibe umboni weni weni wakuti a Tembo anatengapo mbali pa nkhaniyi ndipo iwo anapambana pa mulanduwo. + +A Banda atamwalira 1997, a Tembo anayesa kulanda utsogoleri wa MCP kuchokera kwa a Chakuamba ndipo sanamvere chigamulo cha bwalo la milandu chowaletsa kuti asatero.Chifukwa cha ichi, iwo anachotsedwa mu nyumba ya malamulo. Ngakhale zinali choncho, a Tembo anakatsutsa nkhaniyi ku bwalo la milandu ndipo anabwezeredwa kukhalanso phungu wa nyumba ya malamulo. Panakali pano, iwo ndi Mtsogoleri wa zipani zotsutsa boma mu nyumbayi. +Tembo anali munthu oyipa. + +Chisankho cha 2004 + +Ngati woyimira chipani cha MCP mu 2004, a Tembo anali wachiwiri pa chisankho cha 2004 ndipo anapeza 27% ya mavoti onse. Iwo anali pambuyo pa a Bingu wa Muntharika amene ankayimira chipani cha United Democratic Front (UDF) ndiponso a Gwanda Chakuamba amene ankayimira Mgwirizano Coalition. Anthu ena oona za ndale amaganiza kuti a Tembo ali ndi mwayi wopambana pa chisankho chomwe chidzachitike mu dzikoli mu 2009. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Malaŵi +"True Jesus Church" ndi mpingo woima pa okha, womwe udakhazikitsidwa ku +Beijing, China, m'chaka cha 1917. Lero uli ndi anthu opembedza pafupifupi +milioni imodzi ndi theka m'maiko makumi anayi ndi asanu (45), mu +kontinenti zisanu ndi imodzi. Mpingowu uli mu nthambi ya Pentecostal ya +chipembedzo cha chikhirisitu, yomwe inayambika koyamba kwa 20th century. +Chalichili limatsata fundo ya Umodzi yomwe imaphunzitsidwa mu mpingo wa +Pentecostal (Jesus-Name doctrine). Cholinga chachikulu cha mpingowu ndi +kulalikila za uthenga wabwino wa ambuye Yesu kwa mafuko ndi mitundu yonse +ya pa dziko la pansi, pokonzekera kubweranso kachiwili kwa Yesu. +Zikhulupiliro ndi ngodya zomwe zamanga mpingo ndi: + + Mzimu Woyera (Eng. Holy Spirit) - Kulandila Mzumi Woyera, kumene kumaoneka ndi kulankhula malilime, ndi kumene kumatsimikiza kuti tili ndi mbali ku ufumu wa kumwamba. + Ubatizo - Kubatizidwa mmadzi ndi chizindikilo cha kukhululukidwa ku machimo komanso kubadwanso mwa tsopano. Kubatizidwa kotele kumayenera kuchitika pa malo amene pamapezeka madzi a chilengedwe monga pa mtsinje, pa nyanja kapenanso kasupe. Mbatizi, amene analandila kale ubatizo wa madzi ndi wa Mzimu Woyera, ndi amene amabatiza anthu m'zina la Yesu Kristu. Aliyense wobatizidwa amayenera kumizidwiratu mmadzi atawerama mutu ndikuyang'ana nkhope yake pansi. + Kutsuka mapazi - Dongosolo lotsuka mapazi a anthu limamulola munthu kukhala ndi mbali kwa Yesu Khristu. Limakumbutsanso kuti munthu ayenera kukhala ndi chikondi, chiyero, kudzichepetsa, kukhululuka komanso kugwira ntchito ya Mulungi. Aliyense amene anabatizidwa amayeneranso kutsukidwa mapazi ake mu dzina la Yesu Khiristu. Anthu amathanso kuloledwa kutsukana mapazi. + Mgonero - Mgonero ndi dongosolo lokumbukira imfa ya Ambuye Yesu. Umatilora kuti tikhale ndi mbali pa imfa yake kuti tidzakhale ndi moyo wosatha ndi kudzutsidwa pa tsiku lomaliza. Dongosoloti limachitika pa nthawi ina iliyonse pafupi pafupi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mkate opanda chofufumitsa komanso madzi ochokera ku ma grapes okha basi. + Tsiku la sabata - Lasabata ndi tsiku loyera, lodalitsika, ndikuyeletsedwa ndiMulungu. Tsikuli linapatulidwa kukumbukira chilengedwe ndi chipulumutso chaMulungu, ndichiyembekezo champumulo mumoyo uli nkudza. + Yesu Khirisitu - Yesu Khirisitu, amene anali mau anasanduka thupi, anafa pamtanda kuti akapulumutse ochimwa, patsiku lachitatu anauka kwaakufa, nakwera kumwamba. Iye yekha ndiye mpulumutsi waanthu onse, wolenga kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi, Mulungu yekhayo woona. + Buku Lopatulika (Baibulo) - Buku loyera, lokhala ndichipangano chakale ndichatsopano, linauzilidwa ndiMulungu,ndiloona, ndiponso muyeso wachikhalidwe chachikhristu. + Chipulumutso (Eng. Salvation) - Chipulumutso chimadza ndichisomo chaMulungu mwa Chikhulupiriro. Akhristu ayenera kudalira Mzimu Woyera kuti akathe kuyenda muchiyero, kupereka ulemu kwaMulungu ndi kukonda anthu onse. + Chalichi - Mpingo wokhazikitsidwa ndiAmbuye wathu Yesu Khristu, mwa Mzimu Woyera panthawi. + Chilamulo chomaliza - Ambuye adzabweranso patsiku lomaliza kuchokera kumwamba kudzaweruza dziko lapansi.Woyera adzalandira moyo wosatha, wochimwa kuchionongeko nthawi zonse. + +Akhristu +Boma ndi gawo la dziko lomwe linapangidwa ndi cholinga chothandiza ntchito yolamulira. + +Boma +Chipata ndi mzinda ku dziko la Zambia. + +Zambia +Afilika ndi chigawo chimodzi cha zigawo za pa dziko la pansi ndipo ndi chigawo cha chiwiri kwa madela lomwe kuli anthu ambiri, koma anthu ambiri ali ku Asia. Ku Africa kumakhala 14% ya anthu onse a pa dziko la pansi, chifukwa chiwelengelo cha anthu ku Afilika ku ndi 1 300 miliyoni ( malinga ndi chiwelengelo cha anthu chomwe chinachitika mu 2013). Gawo la Afilika lili ndi mayiko 53, ndipo linazungulilidwa nsi nyanja ya Mediterranean kumpoto, nyanja ya Red Sea kumpoto chakumvuma, nyanja ya Indian kummwera cha kumvuma ndi nyanja ya Atlantic kuzambwe. Pali mayiko 46 a mu Africa ndi 53 kuphatikiza zilumba zonse. + +Afilika, makamaka kumvuma kwa delari, kumatchuka kwambiri kuti ndi kumene anthu anachokera mtundu wa anthu ndipo anapezako zotsalira za anthu amene analipo zaka 7 miliyoni zapitazo. + +Dera la Afilika lili mbali zonse ziwiri za mzere wa Equator ndipo nyengo za mudelari zimasiyana siyana kumpoto ndi kummwera kwa mzerewu. + +Kumene kunachokela dzinali + +Afili linali dzina la anthu amene ankakhala kumpoto kwa dela la Africa ku malo otchedwa Carthage. –Ca, amatanthauza anthu kapena malo. +Anthu ena amaganiza kuti dzina loti Afilika linachokela ku: +Liu la chilatini lakuti aprica limene limatanthauza malo owala dzuwa kwambiri + +Liu la chigiriki aphrike limene limatanthauza malo amene sikumazizira. + +Kakhalidwe ka malo ku derali + +Dziko lalikulu kwa mbiri kudera la Afilika ndi la Sudan ndipo dziko lake laing‘ono kwambiri ndi la Seychelles lomwe ndi chilumba ku mmawa kwa delari. Dziko laling’ono pa gombe ndi Gambia. + +Munthu mozama pa nkhani za kakhalidwe ka dziko a Ptolemy (85-165 AD) ndi amene anagawa Afilika kuchokela ku dera la Asia ndipo anasiya Nyanja yofiira ngati malire. Kulinso munthu wina dzina lake Pearson Mpindi fatch ndi thug. + +Nyengo, zachilengedwe ndi zomera + +Nyengo ku Afilika imayambira kukhala yotentha komanso yozizira kwambiri. Kumpoto kwa delari ndi kuchipululu ndi kotentha, pamene pakati ndi kummwera ndi kotentha komanso kuli nkhalango zowilira kwambiri. Pali Madela ena amene kuli nyengo zotentha kwambiri komanso zozizira kwambiri. + +Africa +Kontinenti +Nyimbo ya utundu la dziko la Malaŵi. + + ku Chicheŵa + +Mulungu dalitsani Malaŵi, + +Mumsunge m'mtendere. + +Gonjetsani adani onse, + +Njala, nthenda, nsanje. + +Lunzitsani mitima yathu, + +Kuti tisaope. + +Mdalitse Mtsogo leri nafe, + +Ndi Mayi Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi ndziko lokongola, + +La chonde ndi ufulu, + +Nyanja ndi mphepo ya m'mapiri, + +Ndithudi tadala. + +Zigwa, mapiri, nthaka, dzinthu, + +Mphatso zaulere. + +Nkhalango, madambo abwino. + +Ngwokoma Malaŵi. + +O Ufulu tigwirizane, + +Kukweza Malaŵi. + +Ndi chikondi, khama, kumvera, + +Timutumikire. + +Pa nkhondo nkana pa mtendere, + +Cholinga n'chimodzi. + +Mayi, bambo, tidzipereke, + +Pokweza Malaŵi. + + in English + +O God bless our land of Malaŵi, + +Keep it a land of peace. + +Put down each and every enemy, + +Hunger, disease, envy. + +Join together all our hearts as one, + +That we be free from fear. + +Bless our leader, + +each and every one, + +And Mother Malaŵi. + +Our own Malaŵi, this land so fair, + +Fertile and brave and free. + +With its lakes, refreshing mountain air, + +How greatly blest are we. + +Hills and valleys, soil so rich and rare + +Give us a bounty free. + +Wood and forest, plains so broad and fair, + +All - beauteous Malaŵi. + +Freedom ever, let us all unite + +To build up Malaŵi. + +With our love, our zeal and loyalty, + +Bringing our best to her. + +In time of war, or in time of peace, + +One purpose and one goal. + +Men and women serving selflessly + +In building Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Asia + + Munthu: 4.164.252.000 ta’ata (2006) + Maonekedwe: 44.579.000 km² + Kuchuluka: 87 ta’ata/km² + +Mayiko + + Afghanistan + Armenia + Azerbaijan + Bahrain + Bangladesh + Bhutan + Brunei + Cambodia + China + Kupro + Georgia + India + Indonesia + Iran + Iraq + Israeli + Japan + Yordani + Kazakhstan + Kuwait + Kyrgyzstan + Laos + Lebanon + Malaysia + Maldives + Mongolia + Myanmar + Nepal + North Korea + Omani + Pakistan + Palestine + Philippines + Qatar + Russia + Saudi Arabia + Singapore + South Korea + Sri Lanka + Syria + Taiwan + Tajikistan + Thailand + Timor-Leste + Nkhukundembo + Turkmenistan + United Arab Emirates + Uzbekistan + Vietnam + Yemen + +Asia +Kontinenti +Mbusa John Chilembwe (1886-3 Febuluale 1915) anali mbusa wa mpingo wa chi Baptist ndi mphunzitso ndipo anali m'modzi wa anthu oyamba amene anasutsana ndi boma la chitsamunda mu dziko la Nyasaland, lomwe masikuano limatchedwa Malawi. Masiku ano John Chilembwe amakumbukilidwa ngati wofunikira ku ufulu was dzikoli ndipo dziko la Malawi limamukumbukira chaka chili chonse pa 15 January. + +Chilembwe ankapemphera ku Church of Scotland kuyambira cha m'ma 1890. Mu 1892, anayamba kugwira ntchito ku nyumba ya a Joseph Booth, mbusa was chi Baptist. Booth ankatsutsana ndi a mpingo wa Scottish Presbyterian ku Nyasaland, kumene Chilembwe anaphunzira ndipo anayambitsa mpingo wa Zambezi Industrial Mission. Ziphunzitso za a John Booth zinkatsindika za kufanana kwa anthu onse, omwe anali maganizo achilendo pa nthawi ya maboma a chitsamunda ku Africa. + +Mu 1897, Chilembwe anapita ndi a Booth ku Lynchburg, VIrginia mu dziko la United States kumene anakaphunzira ku Virginia Theological College, imene nali sukulu ya ukachenjede yaing'ono ya anthu akuda a ku America. Kumeneku Chilembwe anadziwa zolemba za a John Brown, Booker T Washington ndi anthu ena amene anapangitsa kuti mchitidwe wa ukapolo uthe. Chilembwe anabwelera ku Nyasaland mu 1900 ngati mbusa wodzodzedwa wa mpingo wa Baptist. Iye ankagwira ntchitondi gulu la American National Baptist Convention, ndipo anayambitsa Providence Industrial Mission, kumene kukayamba ma sukulu asanu ndi awiri amene pofika 1912 anali ndi ana asukulu 1000 ndi ophunzira achikulire 800. Iye anayesetsa kuphunzutsa khalidwe lolimbikila ntchito, kudzilemekeza wekha munthu komanso kudzithandiza kwa anthu a mu dera lake. + +Mu 1913, kunali njala yomwe inazunza anthu ambiri ndipo anthuu ochokera ku Mozambique anabwera ku Nyasaland. Chilembwe anakwiya kwambiri ndi m'mene anthu a mu mpingo wake ndi othawa njala a ku Mozambique wo ankazunzidwira ndi azungu amene anali ndi minda ikuluikulu. Anthuwo ankakanizidwa malipilo awo ndi kumenyedwa. William Jervis Livingston, amene anali ndi munda, anaotcha mipingo ya anthu akuda ya m'midzi ndi masukulu amene Chilembwe anayambitsa. Chilembwe anakhudzidwanso ndi kukakamizidwa kwa anthu akuda a ku Malawi kuti akamenye nkhondo m'malo mwa dziko la Britain ku Tanzania pamene ankamenyana ndi dziko la Germany mu nkhondo yoyamba yaikulu ya dziko lonse la pansi. Iye sankasangalala kamba koti sankaona phindu lomwe anthu akuda a ku Nyasaland akanapeza pa nkhondoyi. Iyenso anadandaula pa mchitidwe wa tsankho ndi kuzunza kumene ankachita atsamunda. + +Pa 23 January, 1915, Chilembwe anayambitsa chiwawa chotsutsa boma la chitsamunda. Iye ndi anthu omutsatira mazana awiri anakaputa minda ya atsamunda yomwe ankaawona kuti amazunza anthu akuda kwambiri. Chilembwe ankaganiza zokupha azungo onse aamuna. Iwo anapha athu atatu ogwira ntchito ku mindayo kuphatikiza a Livingstone, amene anamudula mutu mkazi wake ndi mwana wake wamkazi wamng'ono akuwona. Anthu ena achikuda amene ankagwira ntchito pa mundawo anaphedwa, koma azimayi ndi ana sanaphedwe malinga ndi m'mene John Chilembwe anawalamulira anthuwo. Pamene kuwukiraku sikunavomerezedwe ndi anthu akuda, Chilembwe anayesa kuthawira ku Mozambique koma akulu akulu a boma la chitsamunda anamupha pa 3 February 1915. Ngakhale Chilembwe anatumiza ma kalata ku dziko loyandikira la Zambia kupempha anthu akuda akumeneko kuti awukire boma, uthenga wake unafika mochedwa. Pamene makalatawo ankafika pa 25 January, boma la chitsamunda linali litadziwa kale ndipo ngakhale anthu akumeneko anayesa kukhonza kuwukira mwamsangamsanga, sizinathandize kwambiri. Akulu akulu a boma la chitsamunda anaphanso anthu ena amene ankamutsatira Chilembwe. Ena mwa anthu amene anaphedwa anali anthu 175 amene analembedwa pa mdandanda wa anthu owukira komanso anthu 1160 amene anabatizidwa ku mpingo wake. + +Dziko la Malawi linakhala loyima pa lokha mu 1964.(kunali John Chilembwe) +Malaŵi +Mtsinje wa Shire ndi mtsinje wa ku Malawi ndi Mozambique. Mtsinjewu umatuluka mu nyanja ya Malawi ndipo umalowa mu mtsinje wa Zambezi. Mtsinjewu ndi wautali ma kilomita 402 ndipo ukaphatikizidwa ndi nyanja ya Malawi ndi mtsinje wa Rukuru umakhala wa ma kilomita 1200. Kumtunda kwa mtsinjewu kumalumikizana ndi nyanja ya Malombe. + +Zigwa za mtsinjewu ndi mbali ya zigwa za Great Rift Valley. + +Malaŵi +Mozambique +Nyanja +Shire +Chitsamunda ndi liwu lomwe limanena za anthu amene amakhulupilira kuti chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro zawo ndi zapamwamba kuposa za anhu amene anapangidwa chitsamundacho. Mchitidwewu umaphatikizidwa ndi tsankho ndi zikhulupiliro za sayansi zimene zinatchuka mu zaka za m'ma 1800 ndi 1900. Ku mayiko a azungu, zikhulupilirozi zinapangitsa kuti azungu azikhulupilira kuti iwowo ndi apamwamba kuposa anthu ena onse a pa dziko lapansi. + +Mitundu ya maiko olamulidwa mwa tsankho + +Pali mitundu ingapo ya maiko a chitsamunda. Maiko ena amakhala akuti anthu a mitundu yosiyana amakakhala kumalo ena odutsa nyanja kapena nthaka. Kuyambira zaka za mma 750 BC, aHelene akale anayamba zaka 250 zokuza dziko lawo, ndipo anayambitsa maiko a chitsamunda mmalo osiyana siyana. Zitsanzo zina ndi ngati dziko la kale la chi Roma, chiluya komanso chi Mongol. Ena anayambitsa mayiko a chitsamunda kungosuntha pang'ono kuchokera kwawo ngati anthu a ku Scotland amene anachoka kwawo ku Ireland, kumene kunkatchedwa ku Hibernia ndi kupita ku Scotland, kumene kunkatchedwa ku Caledonia. + +Anthu a chi Bantu asanachuluke, anthu ophunzira za mbiri ya dziko amakhulupilira kuti kummwera kwa Africa kunali akafula amene amayankhula chi Khoisan, amene masiku ano amakhala ku chipululu cha Kalahari ndi nkhalango za pakati pa Africa. Pofika chaka cha 1000AD, kusamuka kwa anthu a chi Bantu kunafika ku maiko omwe masiku ano amatchedwa Zimbabwe ndi South Africa. Anthu a chiluya Banu Hilal ndi Banu Maqil ansamuka kwawo kulowera kuzambwe kudzera ku Egypt mu zaka za m'mma 1100 ndi 1300. Kusamuka kwawo kunapangitsa kuti mayiko a ku Magreb akhale achiluya komanso a chisilamu. + +Akachenjede amakhulupilira kuti matenda a muliri ndi omwe anapangitsa kuti anthu amene anapezedwa ku America ndi azugu achepe. + Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti eni nthakawo amakakamizidwa kusamukira ku malo amene ali ndi nthaka yoipa. Masiku ano anthu ambiri amaona kuti chitsamunda chimapangidwa pokakamiza anthu amene amalowa mmayiko opanda chilolezo. Koma pa nthawi ya kale, anthu ena amene anapanga chitsamunda ngati ma Vandal, ma Boer, ma Matabele komanso ma Sioux ankathawa adani amene anali ndi mphamvu kuposa iwowo. Pamenepa chitsamunda chimawoneka kutu ndi chingwe chachitali chomwe chimantha kukhudza anthu a mitundu yosiyana siyana. + +Malo amene achitsamunda anakhazikikako amasiyana ndi malo amene anthuwo sanapiteko ngati gulu pochoka kwawo, koma anthuwo amangokhala olamulira chabe kwa nzika zomwe amazipeza ku malowo. Zitsanzo za malo otere ndi ngati ku India ndi ku Japan kumene azungu a ku Britain ankalamulira. Zotsatira za chitsamunda chotele ndi zakuti kumakhala anthu a chikaladi, ngati ku America kapena eni nthaka ndi atsamunda amagawikana pakati ngati ku Southern Rhodesia lomwe masiku ano kumatchulidwa kuti Zimbabwe. + +Chitsamunda china ndi cha minda yayikulu ngati cha ku Barbados ndi ku Jamaica, kumene azungu anabweretsa anthu akuda ngati akapolo. Kumeneku nthu akuda anachuluka kwambiri koma azunguwo ankalamulira ngakhale anali ochepa. Chitsamunda chotelechi chimafanananso ndi changati cha ku Hong Kong ndi Macau, kumene azungu ankangoimako chabe ndi kupanga malonda osati kulowelera ndi kukhazikika mkatikati mwa dziko. + +M'mene chitsamunda chimakhudzira dziko + +Pali mtsutso pa zoyipa dni zabwino za m'mene chitsamunda chimakhudzira dziko la pansi. Zinthu ngati matenda a muliri amene amawanda chifukwa cha anthu obwera, kusankhana mitundu, kuzunza anthu, ukapolo ndi zina zakhala zikuchitika ndipo zikupitilirabe mmalo amene muli chitsamunda. Tsankho limayambitsanso kuphana kwa anthu amitundu yosiyana komanso nkhondo. Ambiri a mayiko osauka a pa dziko la pansi anali a chitsamunda ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonekabe mpaka lero. + +Ma samba ena olumikoza + + + Liberal opposition to colonialism, imperialism and empire (pdf) - by professor Daniel Klein + Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry + Globalization (and the metaphysics of control in a free market world) - an online video on globalization, colonialism, and control. + +Cultural geography +Political geography +Akafula kapena a batwa omwe pa chizungu amati ma pygmy ndi anthu osiyanasiyana a pakati pa dera la Africa amene kutalika kwawo sikuposa 150cm (4 ft 11 in). Anthu a chi Negrito a ku Asiandi ena aliwonse aafupi amatchedwanso kuti akafula. Eni akewo sasangalala kutchudwa pa dzina limeneli koma dzina lawo lina lomwe lili lonyoza kwambiri ndi amwandiwonerapati. + +Akafula amatchedwa ndi dzina loti a Bayaka ku Central African Republic, kapena a Bambenga ku Congo. + +Komwe Kunachokela Akafula +Anthu ambiri amakhulupilira kuti Akafuna ndi zidzukulu za anthu amaene ankakhala ku nkhalango za pakati pa Africa amene anasamutsidwa ndi kulowelerana ndi kusamuka kwa anthu okonda kulima a ku Sudan ndi a chi Bantu. Maganizo amenewa alib eumboni weniweni wa anthu ofufuza za mbiri ya kale, ndipo ofufuza za chilankhulo ndi kumene kunachokera anthu amakayikira zimenezi. + + +Pali malo okhudza za mitengo komanso zoyenga uchi pakati pa akafula a ku Cameroon ndi ku Gabon ngakhale zilankhulo zawo zili zosiyana. Izi zimasonyeza kuti anthuwa anachokera kumodzi. + +Matupi ndi chilengedwe cha Akafula a kummawa kumasiyana ndi anthu a mayiko ena. Iwowa ndi aafupi kuposa Akafula ena, kusonyeza kuti ndi akale kwambiri kuponsa Akafula onse. Iwowa chiyambi chawo chimafanana ndi a Hadzabel, amene amakhala kummawa kwa nkhalango ya pakati pa Africa amene anali aafupi kwambiri koma chifukwa choyandikana ndi kukwatirana ndi anthu aatali amene anayandikana nawo, anasintha kutalika kwawo. Akafula ena amene chilengedwe chawo chinayesedwa samasiyana ndi anthu oyandikana nawo amene si Akafula, kutanthauza kuti chilengedwe chawo chinasinthika pobelekerana ana ndi anthu amene sali akafula, kapenaso kuti ndo wosiyana ndi a Mbuti. Anthu ena a sayansi amakhulupilira kuti akafula enawa ndi amodzi ndi anthu a chi Bantu amene anayamba kupita ku nkhalango ya pakati pa Africa. + +Anthu ofufuza za chilengedwe cha anthu amaganiza kuti Akafula amakhala aafupi chifukwa chosowa chakudya mu nkhalango, kusowa zofunikira zina ngati calcium mu nthaka, komanso kuti matupi awo amasintha mainga ndi malo amene amakhalawo ndi kubereka nsanga chifukwa chakuti amamwaliranso msanga. + +Akafula amakhalanso mu nkhalango mmene dzuwa silimalowa bwino bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale a mafupa ang'ono ang'ono. + +Wanu Oscar + +Kuphedwa kwa Akafula +Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya ku Congo, akafula ankasakidwa ngati zinyama ndipo ankadyedwa. Anthu amene ankachita nkhondoyi ankaawona ngati Akafulawo si anthu ndipo ena ankayesa kuti nyama ya akafula imapeleka mangolomera. Ogwira ntchito a ku United Nations amene amateteza ufulu wa anthu analengeza mu 2003 kuti anthu otsutsa boma anka + +Zolemba + +African Pygmies + +Link + African Pygmies Culture, photos and sounds +Chakufwa Chihana (23 April 1939 - 12 June 2006) anali wotakataka pa nkhani za ufulu wa anthu wongwira ntchito komanso wa ndale ku Malawi. Chihana anabadwira ku Kawiluwilu kumpoto kwa dzikoli pa ndipo anamwalira ku Johannesburg, South Africa. + +Chihana anali wotsutsa boma pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa President Hastings Kamuzu Banda ndipo anakhala kunja kwa dzikoli mokakamizidwa mu zaka za mma 1970 ndi mma 1980. Pa nthawiyi, Chihana anamangidwapo. CHihana analandira mphoto ya Robert F Kennedy ya anthu oteteza ufulu wa chibadidwe mu 1992. + +Chihana anathandiza kuti boma la a Banda livomere kupanga chisankho cha referendum, chokuti dzikoli likhale la zipani zambiri. Anthu a dzikoli anabvomera kuti boma likhale la zipani zambiri. Pa chisankho chotsatira chosankha President wa dzikoli, chipani cha a Banda cha Malawi Congress Party sichinapambane ndipo chipani cha a Bakili Muluzi cha United Democratic Front chinapambana. Chipani cha a Chihana cha Alliance for Democracy chinakhala chachitatu pa chisankhochi. + +A Chihana anakhala wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri mu boma la a Muluzi my 1994-1996 ndi 2003-2004. + +Zolemba +Chipani cha Alliance for Democracy ndi chipani cha ndale ku Malaŵi chimene chili ndi mphamvu kwambiri kumpoto kwa dzikoli. Anayambitsa chipanichi ndi a Chakufwa Chihana amene anatsogolera chipanichi mpaka pa nthawi yomwe anamwalira mu 2006. Pa chisankho cha 2004, chipanichi chinapeza mipando 6 ya mipando 94 yomwe inalipo wa ma Member of Parliament, ndipo pa chisankho cha 2004 chimene anapampana a Bingu wa Muntharika chinapeza mpando umodzi wokha. + +Atamwalira a Chihana, atsogoleri a chipanichi akhala akukanganira utsogoleri. + +ziPani za ndale za ku Malaŵi +Gulu la Malawi Young Pioneers linali gulu la achinyamata limene linapangidwa pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa a Hastings Kamuzu Banda. + +Malaŵi +Henry Masauko Blasius Chipembere (5 August 1930 - 24 September 1974) anali mmodzi wa anthu amene anafuna kuti anthu a ku Malawi adzilamulire okha komanso anali mphunzitsi wa mbiri ku University ya UCLA. + +Ntchito + +Ngati mmodzi wa anthu amene ankakhulupilira kuti anthu a ku Malawi adzilamulire paokha, a Chipembere anali mmodzi wa anthu a chipani cha Nyasaland African Congress, wachiwiri wa woyang'anira boma la Domasi. Dziko la Nyasaland litalandira ufulu wodzilamulira iwo anali msungichuma wa chipani cha Malawi Congress Party ndi nduna yoyang'anira za maboma aang'ono komanso nduna ya maphunziro. + +Source + Henry Masauko Blasius Chipembere on the African People Database + +1930 births +1974 deaths +Malawian politicians +Malawian historians +University of California, Los Angeles faculty +Tanzania ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Africa. + +Maiko a ku Africa +Zimbabwe ndi limodzi mwa maiko a kumwera kwa Afrika ndipo dzikoli ndi lomwe kale linkalamuliridwa muchisamunda cha angerezi pomwe akalitchula kuti Rhodesia. Nsogoleri wadzikoli pakali pano ndi is VACANT amene anayamba kulamulira dzikoli pamene linalanda ulamuliro kuchokera kwa angerezi m'chaka cha 1980. + +Potsatira zokambirana zothetsa mapokoso ndi chipolowe chomwe chinabuka pambuyo pamasankho apa 21 Marichi, 2008 a Morgan Tshangirai omwe ndi m'tsogoleri wa chipani cha Movement for Democratic Change anakhala Nduna yaikulu ya boma. +New leader of Zimbabwe 24 November 2017 is Emmerson Mnangagwa. +Zomba ndi mzinda omwe uli m'chigawo Chakumwera kwa dziko la Malawi. + +Mzinda wa Zomba udakhazikitsidwa m'chaka cha 1890 pomwe Angerezi anayamba kulamulira dziko la Malawi (kale ankati Nyasaland). Zomba anali likulu la ulamuliro wa chitsamunda cha Angerezi ku Malawi mpaka pameneko, mtsogoleri woyamba wa fuko la Malawi a Dokotala Hastings Kamuzu Banda, anasamutsa likulu la Malawi kupita ku Lilongwe. Likulu la asilikali a Malawi lili ku Zomba. Nyumba yamalamulo inali ku Zomba nthawi yaitali mpaka pamene mtsogoleri wachiwiri wa dziko la Malawi Bakili Muluzi anaisamutsira ku Lilongwe. + +Malaŵi +Mwanza ndi mzinda la dziko la Malawi limene likupezeka ku chigawo Chakumwera. +Malaŵi +Dedza ndi boma lina la dziko la Malawi. + +Bomali liri pa malire ndi maboma a Ntcheu, Lilongwe, Salima, Mangochi, Balaka Komanso Mozambique. Anthu ambiri amachita malonda awo ngakhalenso maukwati ndi anthu a ku Mozambique. + +Link + MSN Local weather forecast + +Malaŵi +Uetersen (ˈyːtɐzən) dziko Schleswig-Holstein ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Germany. + +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 30 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Hamburg. +Germany +Mponela ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 13.670 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Salima ndi mzinda omwe umapezeka pa mtunda okwana ma lg kilometer okwana makumi khumi (100 km) ku choka mu mzinda wa kapitolo wa Lilongwe. + +Mzinda wa Salima umagona mphepete mweni mweni mwa nyanja ya Lake Malawi. + +Mzindau mumapezeka anthu a zipembedzo zosiyana-siyana monga Chikhristu achisilamu ndi zina. Anthu ambiri amalankhula Chichewa ndi ena ochepa Chiyao. Chingelezi chimalankhulidwa m`masukulu ndi mzipinda kapena m`malo ogwirira ntchito. Mzindau ndi mlera nkhungwa umene uli ndi nzika zochokera m`mizinda ina ya m`Malawi ndi m`maiko ena. + +Malaŵi +Ntcheu ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Pachiyambi pa zonse Iye amene amatchedwa dzina loti Mawu, analipo kale. Anali kwa Mulungu, Edipo anali Mulungu. + Anali kwa Mulungu chiyambire. + Mulungu analenga zonse ndi lye, Edipo popanda Iye sanalenge kanthu kalikonse. + Mwa Iyeyo munali moyo, Edipo moyowo unalikuŵalira anthu. + Kuŵalako kulikuunikabe mandita, Edipo nyima unalephera kugonjetsa kuŵalako. + Mulungu anatema munthu wina, dzina lake Yohanne. + Iye anabwera kudzachitira umboni wakewo. + Si kuti iyeyo anali kuŵalako ayi, koma anangobwera kudzachitira umboni kuŵalako. + Kuŵala kwenikweni, kounikira anthu onse, kunalikudza pansi pano. + Mawuwo anali n’dzino lapansi, Edipo Mulungu analenga dziko lapansi ndi Iye, komabe anthu a pansi pano sanamzindikire. + +Baibulo +Dziko la ndilogawidwa muzigawo zazing’ono zisanu ndi zinai : + +Maboma a South Africa + Durban - wamdziko = 595 061 (2011) + Cape Town - wamdziko = 3 740 026 (2011) + Johannesburg - wamdziko = 957 441 (2011) + +South Africa +Maiko a pa dziko lapansi +Maiko amene ankalamulidwa ndi dziko la Britain + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Monkey Bay ndi mzinda omwe uli ku mapeto peto a Mzinda wawululu wa Mangochi. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 14,591 (2008). + +Mzinda wa Monkey Bay uli pa mtunda wa ma kilometer okwawana 206 ku choka ku likulu la dziko la Malawi, Lilongwe. Monkey Bay alinso pa mtunda wa 253 km kuchoka mu mzinda wa Blantyre-lomwe ndi likulu la malonda mu dziko la Malawi. + +Malaŵi +ISO 3166-1 M’ndandanda wa maiko + + AD Andorra + AE United Arab Emirates + AF Afghanistan + AG Antigua ndi Barbuda + AI Anguilla + AL Albania + AM Armenia + AN Netherlands Antilles + AO Angola + AQ Antarctica + AR Argentina + AS American Samoa + AT Austria + AU Australia + AW Aruba + AZ Azerbaijan + BA Bosnia ndi Herzegovina + BB Barbados + BD Bangladesh + BE Belgium + BF Burkina Faso + BG Bulgaria + BH Bahrain + BI Burundi + BJ Benin + BM Bermuda + BN Brunei + BO Bolivia + BR Brazil + BS Bahamas + BT Bhutan + BV Chilumba cha Bouvet + BW Botswana + BY Belarus + BZ Belize + CA Canada + CC Vilumba vya Cocos (Keeling) + CF Central African Republic + CG Congo + CH Switzerland + CI Ivory Coast + CK Vilumba vya Cook + CL Chile + CM Cameroon + CN China + CO Colombia + CR Costa Rica + CU Cuba + CV Cape Verde + CX Chilumba cha Christmas + CY Cyprus + CZ Czechia + DE Germany + DJ Djibouti + DK Denmark + DM Dominica + DO Dominican Republic + DZ Algeria + EC Ecuador + EE Estonia + EG Egypt + EH Western Sahara + ER Eritrea + ES Spain + ET Ethiopia + FI Finland + FJ Fiji + FK Vilumba vya Falkland (Malvinas) + FM Micronesia + FO Vilumba vya Faroe + FR France + GA Gabon + GB Great Britain + GD Grenada + GE Georgia + GF French Guiana + GG Guernsey + GH Ghana + GI Gibraltar + GL Greenland + GM Gambia + GN Guinea + GP Guadeloupe + GQ Equatorial Guinea + GR Greece + GS Vilumba vyaku South Georgia ndi South Sandwich + GT Guatemala + GU Guam + GW Guinea-Bissau + GY Guyana + HK Hong Kong + HM Vilumba vya Heard ndi McDonald + HN Honduras + HR Croatia + HT Haiti + HU Hungary + ID Indonesia + IE Ireland + IL Israel + IM Isle of Man + IN India + IO Chalu chaku British Indian Ocean + IQ Iraq + IR Iran + IS Iceland + IT Italy + JE Jersey + JM Jamaica + JO Jordan + JP Japan + KE Kenya + KG Kyrgyzstan + KH Cambodia + KI Kiribati + KM Comoros + KN Saint Kitts ndi Nevis + KP North Korea + KR South Korea + KW Kuwait + KY Vilumba vya Cayman + KZ Kazakhstan + LA Laos + LB Lebanon + LC Saint Lucia + LI Liechtenstein + LK Sri Lanka + LR Liberia + LS Lesotho + LT Lithuania + LU Luxembourg + LV Latvia + LY Libya + MA Morocco + MC Monaco + MD Moldova + ME Montenegro + MG Madagascar + MH Vilumba vya Marshall + MK Macedonia + ML Mali + MM Myanmar (Burma) + MN Mongolia + MO Macao + MP Vilumba vya Northern Mariana + MQ Martinique + MR Mauritania + MS Montserrat + MT Malta + MU Mauritius + MV Maldives + MW Malaŵi + MX Mexico + MY Malaysia + MZ Mozambique + NA Namibia + NC New Caledonia + NE Niger + NF Chilumba cha Norfolk + NG Nigeria + NI Nicaragua + NL Netherlands + NO Norway + NP Nepal + NR Nauru + NU Niue + NZ New Zealand + OM Oman + PA Panama + PE Peru + PF French Polynesia + PG Papua New Guinea + PH Philippines + PK Pakistan + PL Poland + PM Saint Pierre ndi Miquelon + PN Vilumba vya Pitcairn + PR Puerto Rico + PT Portugal + PW Palau + PY Paraguay + QA Qatar + RE Réunion + RO Romania + RS Serbia + RU Russia + RW Rwanda + SA Saudi Arabia + SB Vilumba vya Solomon + SC Seychelles + SD Sudan + SE Sweden + SG Singapore + SH Saint Helena + SI Slovenia + SJ Svalbard (Svalbard ndi Jan Mayen) + SK Slovakia + SL Sierra Leone + SM San Marino + SN Senegal + SO Somalia + SR Suriname + SS South Sudan + ST Sao Tome ndi Principe + SV Salvador + SY Syria + SZ Eswatini + TC Vilumba vya Turks ndi Caicos + TD Chad + TF Vyalu vyaku Southern French + TG Togo + TH Thailand + TJ Tajikistan + TK Tokelau + TL East Timor + TM Turkmenistan + TN Tunisia + TO Tonga + TR Turkey + TT Trinidad ndi Tobago + TV Tuvalu + TW Taiwan + TZ Tanzania + UA Ukraine + UG Uganda + UM Vilumba vya US Minor Outlying + US USA (United States of America) + UY Uruguay + UZ Uzbekistan + VA Vatican + VC Saint Vincent ndi the Grenadines + VE Venezuela + VG Vilumba vya British Virgin + VI Vilumba vya American Virgin + VN Viet Nam + VU Vanuatu + WF Wallis ndi Futuna + WS Samoa + YE Yemen + YT Mayotte + ZA South Africa + ZM Zambia + ZW Zimbabwe + +sv:ISO 3166#ISO 3166-1-koder +Pongamia pinnata (mayina ena a mbewuyi: Indian Beech Tree, Honge Tree, Pongam Tree, Milletia pinnata) zomera Asia. + +Pongamia pinnata zomera + +Zolemba +Zomera +Pigazzano dziko Emilia-Romagna ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Italy. + +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 30 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Piacenza. +Zomera (Plantae) + +Zomera +Ili ndi dzina la Malo opangilapo mphamvu ya Magesti kudzera njira ya madzi (Hydro electric Power Plant) omwe amapzeka ku madzulo kwa dziko la Malawi, mu boma la Chikwawa. Malo a Kapichira amatulutsa mphamvu ya magetsi yokawana 66 Mega Watts. Kuchokera mu mzinda wa Blantyre, ulendo wopita umatenga ma ola osachepera atatu (3 Hours), koma ntawi iyi imatengela ndi liwilo lomwe inu mungayende. +Mozambique ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Africa. + +Mozambique +Sudan ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Africa. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 30 890 000 (2008). + +Demographics + +Maiko a ku Africa +Lithuania (lt. - Lietuva) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Maiko a ku Europu +Lusaka ndi boma lina la dziko la Zambia. + +Zambia +Aroma + +Aroma 1:1 Paulo oyitanidwa mwa zifundo za khristu kuti ankhale Mtumwi. Uthenga omwe anaitaninidwira ndi kulalikira Za ubwino wa Mulungu kwa munthu.kulalikira uthenga Wabwino wa Mulungu kwa munthu. + +Zolemba + +Baibulo +Cham'mwanba (Moringa oleifera) + +Zolemba + +Zomera +Mwimbi (Rauvolfia caffra) + +Zomera +Ndya (Melia azedarach) + +Zomera +Nimu (Azadirachta indica) + +Zomera +Nsadsi (Jatropha curcas) + +Zomera +Mfula (Sclerocarya birrea) + +Zomera +Msikitzi (Trichilia emetica), ndi zomera Africa. + + Pooley, E. (1993). The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. ISBN 0 620 17697 0. + +Zomera +Liwonde ndi mzinda umene uli ku m'wera kwa dziko la Malawi. + +Malaŵi +Kasungu ndi Mzinda Boma la Kasungu omwe uli mchigawo cha pakati cha dziko la Malawi. Kasungu uli pa mtunda wa pafupifupi ma kilometa 130 ku mpoto cha ku madzulo kuchokela ku kapitolo la Malawi, Lilongwe, ndipo mtunda wa 35 cha ku m'mawa kwa Kasungu National Park. + +Mbiri +Munda wina waukulu (farm) ndiye pomwe padabadwira pulezidenti woyamba wa dziko la Malawi. + +Nyengo ndi Jogalafe +Kasungu ali pa kati pa dziko la Malawi, ndipo adagona pa mtunda okwana 1342 meters kuchoka pa mtunda wogona nyanja (sea level). Pa chifukwa ichi Kasungu ali ndi nyengo ya "warm tropical climate" ndipo nyengo ya mvula (chilimwe) yochoka m'miyezi ya Novembala/Disembala mpaka Malichi/Epulo. Nyengo ya dzuwa kuchoka mwezi wa Meyi mpaka mwezi wa Okutobala. Mvula yomwe imagwa ku Kasungu imafika pafupifupi 500mm - 1200mm pa chaka. + +Demographics + +Chiyankhulo +Chichewa ndiye chilankhulo chomwe chimayankhulidwa kwambili ku Kasungu. Koma pakuti Kasungu anayandikana kwambili ndi Mzimba (komwe chiyankhulo chachikulu ndi Chitumbuka), kumayankhulidwanso Chitumbuka. + +Kayendedwe +Njira yayikulu yofikira ku Kasungu ndi kudzela Msewu wa galimoto, tsono munthu atha kupita ku Kasungu pa basi, minibasi kapena galimoto la pulayiveti. Ma pulani ali mkatikati okuti Njanji ya Thileni idutse mpa mkati mweni mweni mwa mzindawu. +Kamba ka mavuto a mafuta a galimoto omwe anavuta zedi mu chaka cha 2010, kunali kovuta zedi kuyenda mu mzindawu chifukwa mafuta a galimoto amasowa zedi. Kunali kofunika kuthila ku Lilongwe (ngakhale movutikila zedi) kuti munthu athe kuyenda mu Kasungu ndi kubwelela komwe wachokela mosavuta. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mafuta ogulitsidwa mwa chinyengo (black Market) achuluke, zomwe zidali zoyipa zedi. +Koma mapulani aliopo omanga payipi yayikulu ya mafuta yochoka ku Tanzania ndiponso omanga ma tanki akulu zedi osungilamo mafuta. Izi zanenedwa ndi Boma la Malawi. + +Malo achisangalalo ndi Osangalatsa +Chinthu chomwe chili chochititsa chidwi zede mu mzindawu ndi Kasungu National Park. + +Ma lefelensi + +Malaŵi +Mwezi (chizindikiro: ) ndi nthawi ya nthawi, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kalendala, yomwe ili pafupi nthawi yomwe nthawi yachilengedwe imakhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka Mwezi; mwezi ndi mwezi ndizogwirizana. Lingaliro lachikhalidwe linayamba ndi kayendetsedwe ka Mwezi; Miyezi yotereyi (miyezi) ndi miyezi yokhala ndi synodic ndipo imatha pafupifupi masiku 29.53. Kuchokera ku ndodo zofukizidwa, akatswiri atulukira kuti anthu amawerengera masiku mogwirizana ndi miyezi ya Paleolithic. Miyezi yowonjezereka, yozikidwa pa nthawi yachabechabe ya Mwezi poyerekeza ndi mzere wa Dzuŵa-Dzuwa, akadali maziko a makalendala ambiri lerolino, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa chaka. + +Miyezi yamalendala osiyanasiyana + +Kuyambira kwa mwezi +Kalendala yachi Helleniki, kalendala ya Chihebri ya Lunisolar ndi kalendala ya Islamic Lunar inayamba mweziwu ndi kuoneka koyamba kwa khola lochepa la mwezi watsopano. + +Komabe, kayendetsedwe ka Mwezi kothamanga ndi kovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi yake siili yonse. Tsiku ndi nthawi zomwe zikuwonetseratu zenizeni zimadalira malo enieni komanso chikhalidwe, mlengalenga, chiwonetsero cha owona, etc. Choncho, chiyambi ndi kutalika kwa miyezi zomwe zimatanthawuzidwa ndi kuwonetsetsa sikunganenedweratu molondola. + +Ngakhale kuti ena monga a Karaite achiyuda adakalipo pazomwe amakhulupirira mwezi, anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya dzuwa ya Gregory. + +Pingelapese, chinenero cha ku Micronesia, amagwiritsanso ntchito kalendala ya mwezi. Pali miyezi 12 yogwirizana ndi kalendala yawo. Mwezi woyamba ukupezeka mu March, iwo amatcha mwezi uno Kahlek. Mchitidwewu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ndi mibadwo yambiri. Kalendala iyi ndi yeniyeni ndipo imadalira pa malo ndi mawonekedwe a mwezi. + +Kalendala ya Julian ndi Gregorian +Kalendala ya Gregory, monga kalendala ya Julian isanafike, ili ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri: + + +astronomy +Meyi , Mwezi Mwezi wachisanu wa chaka mu kalendala ya Julian ndi Gregorian ndi yachitatu ya miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kuti mukhale ndi masiku 31. + +Mwezi wam'masika mu Northern Hemisphere ndi m'dzinja ku Southern Southern. Chifukwa chake, May mukummwera kwa dziko lapansi ndi nyengo yofanana ndi ya November ku Northern Hemisphere ndipo mosiyana. Kumapeto kwa May nthawi zambiri kumakhala chiyambi cha nyengo yozizira ku United States ndi Canada ndipo kumathera pa Tsiku la Labor, Lolemba loyamba la September. + +Miyezi +Chilankhulo cha Chiarabu (chiarabu : العربية / لغة عربية ) + +Chilankhulo +Chilankhulo cha Chigiriki (chigiriki : ελληνική γλώσσα ) + + + +ἒνα / ένα – modzi + δύο – wiri + τρία – tatu + τέσσερα – nayi + πέντε – sanu + ἓξι / έξι – sanu n'chimodzi + ἑπτά / εφτά – sanu n'ziwiri + ὀκτώ / οχτώ – sanu n'zitatu + ἐννέα / εννιά – sanu n'zinayi + δέκα – khumi + +Wikipedia + http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Πύλη:Κύρια + +Chilankhulo +Chilankhulo cha Chilatini (chilatini Lingua Latīna) + +Chilankhulo +Phiri la Mulanje ndi lodziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake wokongolo komanso njira zake zomwe ziri m’Phirimu zomwe ndi zochitsa kaso kwa iwo woyendamo. Ngakhale anthu ambiri wochokera kunja amabwera kudzakwera Phiri la Mulanje, koma ndi zomera ndi nyama zochepa zokha tikuzidziwa bwino za m’Phirimu. Apa tikuwona nyama zazing’onozing’ono zimene zimakhala m’tchire komanso m’mitengo ya m’nkhalango ya Phiri la Mulanje. Malo ambiri amene nyamazi zimapezeka chitetezo chawo chikuwopsezedwa ndipo tsogolo la nyamazi ndi lodetsa nkhawa. + +Zolemba +Malaŵi +Katekisma wa Heidelberg analembedwa mumzinda wa Heidelberg mopemphedwa ndi mtsogoleri wotchuka wotchedwa Frederick wachitatu wa m’chigawo cha Palatinate, dziko la German m’zaka za pakati pa 1559 ndi 1576. Iye anali Mfumu ndiponso mKhristu. Kotero anasankha Zacharius Ursinus wa zaka 28 za kubadwa amene anali mphunzitsi wa za Mau a Mulungu pa sukulu ya ukachenjede ya Heidelberg ndi Caspar Olevianus wa zaka 26 za kubadwa amene anali mlaliki wa ku nyumba ya mfumuyi, kuti alembe buku la katekisma lophunzitsira achinyamata ndi kuthandizira abusa ndiponso aphunzitsi m’sukulu. + +Frederick anapeza upangiri wabwino ndi mgwirizano pa ntchito yolemba Katekismayi kuchokera ku gawo la sukulu ya ukachenjede lowona za maphunziro apamwamba. Katekisma wa Heidelberg analandiridwa ndi nthumwi za Msonkhano waukulu wa mpingo wa Sinodi umene unachitikira ku Heidelberg ndipo kenaka Katekismayi anasindikizidwa ku dziko la Germany ndi mawu otsogolera olembedwa ndi Frederick wachitatu, tsiku la 19 mwezi wa Januwale, m’chaka cha 1563. Kusindikizidwa kwa chiwiri ndi chitatu m’chiyankhulo cha ChiGermany, mawu ochepa ofotokozera pa funso lililonse analembedwa naphatikizidwa ndipo izinso zinakhala moteronso ndi Katekisma womasuliridwa m’chiLatini, m’chaka chomwecho. Mafunso ndi mayankho 129 a Katekismayi kenaka anagawidwa m’timagawo makumi asanu ndi mphambu ziwiri (52), kuti kagawo kalikonse kaphunzitsidwe m’mipingo sabata iliyonse pachaka. + +Notes + +Akhristu +Dasymys incomtus + +Mbewayi imakhala m’malo wokwera koma achinyezi chambiri ndi muudzu. Imadya zomera makamaka mizu kapena mitsitsi, maluwa ndi tizomera tating’onoting’ono. Chifukwa cha ubweya wake wonyankhalala, pena imaoneka ngati Tiri. Pamene mano a Tiri a patsogolo ndi wochekekachekeka, mano a patsogolo a mbewayi yomwe tikunenayi ndi wosalala. +Senjele ( Pennisetum purpureum) + +Zomera +Bonongwe (Amaranthus spinosus ) + +Zomera +Mnyungo (Acacia polyacantha) + +Zomera +Chinangwa (Manihot esculenta) + +Zomera +Nandalo (Cajanus cajan , Cajanus indicus ) + +Zomera +Tsekela (Hypperrhenia rufa) + +Zomera +Chankhalamu (Cenchrus sp.) + +Zomera +Katunga (Cynodon sp. ) + +Zomera +"Mwanza trial"awa ndi mau amene pachizungu amatanthauza mlandu omwe umaganiziridwa kuti unapalamulidwa ndi a Kamuzu Banda,mtsogoleri woyamba wa dziko la Malawi,John Tembo komanso Mama Kadzamira opha anthu ena omwe anali akulu akulu a boma powachititsa ngozi ku mwanza +Mangochi ndi mzinda omwe uli ku m'mwela kwa kwa dziko la Malawi. Mzindawu uli ku mapetopeto a ku m'wela a Lake Malawi. Mu nthawi ya atsamunda mzindawu unkadziwika ndi dzina lokuti Fort Johnstone. Kumathero kwa chaka cha 2008 mu mzinda wa Mangochi munali anthu pafupifupi 51,429. + +Mbiri +Mangochi ndi mzinda omwe udayambitsidwa ndi bwana m'kubwa a chitsamunda Sir +Harry Johnston mu zaka za'ma 1890s ngati doko la chitetezo la atsamunda cha ku madzulo m'phepete mwa mstinge wa Shire Kuchokera apa Fort Johnston – monga unkadziwikila mzindawu pa nthawiyi –udali mzinda omwe kunkayendetsedwa nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugulistidwa kwa anthu okagwira ntchito ya kalavula gaga m'mayiko a ku ulaya, komanso mzindawu unkagwira ntchito ngati koyendetserako boma la atsamunda. + +Zolemba +William Percival Johnson (1854-1928) - Baibulo, Buku Lopatulika ndilo Mau a Mulungu, anatanthauziridwa mu Chichewa 1912. + +Notes + +Akhristu +Paltoga ndi mzinda ku dziko la Russia. + +Russia +A Ngwazi Profesa Bingu wa Mutharika, ndi Pulezidenti wa dziko la Malawi ndipo adasankhidwa koyamba kukhala paudindowu pa 24 Meyi 2004. A Mutharika ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani cholamulira cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) chomwe chiri ndi aphungu ochuluka kwambiri mnyumba ya Malamulo malinga ndi zotsatira za chisankho chomwe chidachitika mchaka cha 2009. +A Bingu wa Mutharika adabadwira ku Thyolo, mtunda wa makilomita 30 kuchokera mu mzinda wa Blantyre. Iwo ali ndi madigriri a za ukachenjede wa zachuma ndi za chitukuko. +Mchigawo choyamba cha ulamuliro wao, 2004 -2009, komanso kufikira mchigawo chachiwiri cha upulezienti wao, a Mutharika asanduliza dziko la Malawi kuchoka pa dziko lomwe linkavutika ndi njala kufika pa dziko la mwana alilenji. +Kupambana kwa pologalamu yothandiza alimi akumidzi ndi mbeu zamakono komanso feteleza wotsika mtengo imene a Mutharika adayikhazikitsa mchaka cha 2005 ndi umboni wa mmene dziko lingadzipezere njira zothetsera njala. Chidwi cha a Pulezidenti Mutharika poonetsetsa kuti pologramuyi iyende bwino chidabala zipatso zabwino. + +Moyo wao +A Bingu wa Mutharika adabadwa pa 24 Febuluwale 1934 mboma la Thyolo. Bambo awo, malemu Ryson Thom Twalo Mutharika ndi mayi awo, malemu Eleni Thom Mutharika adali aKhirisitu odzipereka a mpingo wa Church of Scotland, umene udasintha dzina nkukhla CCAP. Bambo Ryson Mutharika anali mphunzitsi ndipo anakhulupilira kuti maphunziro ndiwo makiyi a moyo wopambana wa muthu aliyense. Mayi Eleni Mutharika ankapunzitsa amayi a Mvano za chikhrisitu. +A Bingu wa Mutharika adachita maphunziro awo ku mishoni ya Ulongwe ndi ku Chingoli mboma la Mulanje; Mtambanyama ndi Malamulo ku Thyolo; komanso ku Henry Henderson Institute (HHI) ku Blantyre. Kenaka adapita ku sukulu ya sekondale ya Dedza kumene adapambana bwino kwambiri mayeso a Cambridge mchaka cha 1956. Mchaka cha 1964, a Mutharika anali mmodzi mwa aMalawi 32 amene mtsogoleri wakale, Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda adawatumiza ku India kukapitiriza maphunziro awo. +Ali ku India komweko, a Mutharika adakachita maphunziro a zachuma ku Dehli School of Economics kumene adalandira digiri yapamwamba ya nkhani za chuma (M. A. Degreee in Economics). Kenaka anakatenganso digiri yapamwamba ya ukachenjede wa za chuma ndi chitukuko (PhD in Development Economics) ku Yunivesite ya Pacific Western ku Los Angeles mdziko la Amereka. +A Mutharika adachachitanso maphunziro ena apadera a kayendetsedwe ka mabizinesi, kayendetsedwe ka chuma, nkhani za malonda, za utsogoleri wandale komanso za mgwirizano wa mayiko pa nkhani za chuma. +A Mutharika adagwiranso ntchito mboma ngati katswiri wa zachuma ndi chitukuko. Iwo ndi muthu wodziwika bwino pa nkhani za chitukuko cha za chuma pa dziko lonse lapansi ndipo adakhalaponso pa maudindo aakuluakulu pamene ankagwira ntchito mboma la Malawi ndi la Zambia. +Iwo adakhalanso wachiwiri kwa gavinala wa banki lalikulu mMalawi la Reserve Bank, ndipo adasankhidwa pa udindo wa nduna yoona mapulani a za chuma ndi chitukuko mchaka cha 2002. A Mutharika anagwiranso ntchito ku Banki lalikulu pa dziko lonse la pansi (World Bank) monga mkulu woyang’anira za kaperekedwe ka ngongole. Iwo nagwiranso ku bungwe la Mgwirizano wa mayiko a pa dziko lonse lapansi (United Nations), komanso anakhalapo mlembi wamkulu wa bungwe la za malonda la mayiko 22 a kumvuma ndi kummwera kwa Afrika, la COMESA. + +Kampeni ya Upulezidenti ya 2004 +A Bingu wa Mutharika adasankhidwa kuti ayime pa chisankho cha Pulezidenti kolowa mmalo mwa a Bakili Muluzi amene nthawi yawo yokhala pa udindowu inali kupita ku mapeto. Pachisankho chimene chidachitika pa 20 Meyi 2004, a Mutharika adapambana popeza mavoti ambiri kuposa wina aliyense amene ankapikisana nawo monga a John Tembo ndi a Gwanda Chakuamba. +Pa 7 Okotoba, 2006 a Mutharika adalengeza maganizo awo ofuna kudzaimanso pa chisankho cha Pulezident cha 2009 kuyimirira chipani cha DPP. Patangotha zaka ziwiri, mu Okotoba 2008, bungwe lalikulu loyendetsa chipani cha DPP lidasankha a Mutharika kuti adzayimire chipanichi pa chisankho cha 2009. + +Kampeni ya 2009 +A Mutharika adayimanso pa chisankho cha Pulezident cha 2009. Kaamba ka kukwera kwa ntchito za chuma ndi chitukuko muzaka zisanu zoyambirirra za ulamuliro wao, Pulezidenti Mutharika adapeza mavoti ochuluka kwambiri, okwana 66.7% kuposa wina aliyense amene amapikisana nawo. + +Teremu yoyamba ya Upulezidenti +Mchaka cha 2005, kaamba kokhazikitsa pulogalamu yothandiza alimi akumidzi ndi mbeu komanso feteleza, dziko la Malawi lidakolola chakudya chopyolera muyezo chifukwa alimi akumidzi ndi anthu ena ovutika anali ndi mwawi wogula feteleza ndi mbewu zamakono pa mtengo wotsika kwambiri. Apa, a Pulezident Mutharika adaonetsa ukatwiri wao pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera ndi zapamwamba zokwezera chitukuko cha madera a kumidzi. Anthu ambiri akuyamikira mfundo zowo zimene zathandiza kusintha dziko lomwe linkavutika kudyetsa anthu ake kukhala dziko lomwe likukolola chakudya chokwanira ndi china chotsala. +Mzaka zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa a Mutharika (2004-2009) dziko la Malawi lidachita bwino kwambiri pa ulimi wa mbeu zosiyanasiyana komanso kukolora chakudya chokwanira. Mfundo zabwino za ulimi za a pulezidenti zidapindulira alimi oposa 1,700,000 powapezetsa mbeu zamakono ndi feteleza wotsika mtengo. Mchaka cha 2005/2006 dziko la Malawi lidakolola matani oposa 500,000 pamwamba pa chomwe chinkafunika. Mu chaka cha 2008/2009 chakudya chapadera chidaposa matani 1.3 miliyoni. Utsogoleri ndi masomphenya a aMutharika zachititsa kuti dziko la Malawi likhale ndi chakudya chokwanira ndi china chapadera chogulitsa ku mayiko ena a kummwera kwa Afrika. +Kuti izi zitheke, a Pulezidenti Mutharika adasintha mfundo zoyendetsera nkhani za chuma ncholinga choti chuma cha dzikoli chipite patsogolo potsatira njira izi: + Kuyika patsogolo ntchito za ulimi ndi chakudya chokanira pofuna kuti dziko la Malawi likhale lodzidalira. + Kupititsa mtsogolo ulimi wothirira kuti ulimi usamangodalira mvula yokha ayi. + Kukweza ntchito za mtengatenga ndi mtokoma kuti anthu asamavutike poyenda ndi kunyamula katundu wao komanso kuthandiza kuti a Malawi azipeza misika ua zinthu zao kunja kwa dzikoli. + Kupititsa mtsogolo ntchito za magetsi ncholinga cholimbikitsa ntchito za mafakitale ndi makampani kuti azipanga zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu zolimidwa ku Malawi. + Kulimbikitsa nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda a HIV/Edzi ngati vuto limene limabwezera mmbuyo ntchito za chitukuko. + +Chigawo chachiwiri cha Upulezidenti +Pansi pa ulamuliro wa a Pulezident Mutharika, dziko la Malawi lalimbikitsa mfundo za demokalase poonetsetsa kuti malamulo a dziko akulemekeza ufulu wachibawidwe wa anthu, kulekanitsa mphamvu za ziwalo za boma komanso kutsatira malamulo okhazikika. Chisankho cha 2009 chidali chopanda chovuta china chiri chonse ndipo chidali ngati chitsanzo chabwino kwa mayiko ena a mu Afrika. Chisankho cha Pulezidenti ndi Aphungu chidaonetsa kuti mfundo za demokalase ku Malawi zikupita mtsogolo. Anthu ambiri akuyamikira Pulezident Muthararika chifukwa choyikapo mtima pokweza ntchito za chuma ndi kulimbana ndi ziphuphu. Izi zapangitsa kuti mabungwe a zachuma monga IMF akhale ndi chikhulupiliro ndi utsogoleri wa a Mutharika. + +Chakudya chokwanira +Potsatira pempho la PulezidentI Mutharika, dziko la Malawi lidasonkhanitsa matani 150 ampunga umene boma lidatumiza ku Haiti kukathandiza anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi chivomerezi mchaka cha 2010. Kuonjezera pa kulimbikitsa chakudya chokwanira ku Malawi, a Mutharika adalimbikitsanso za kufunika kwa chakudya chokwanira kumayiko onse a mu Afirika. Pamene anali wapampando wa bungwe la mgwirizano wa mayiko a mu Afrika, AU, a Pulezidenti adayika ndondomeko zothandiza kuti mayiko a mu Afrika akhale odzidalira pa chakudya (African Food Basket), mmene adafotokoza njira zothandiza alimi ang’onoang’ono, makamaka azimayi, kupititsa mtsogolo ulimi wothirira ndinso kukweza ntchito za ulimi wa chakudya mu zaka zisanu. +Padakali pano pafupifupi theka la alimi ang’onoang’ono amalandira makuponi ogulira mbewu yamakono ya chimanga ndi feteleza pa mtengo wotsika. Poonetsetsa kuti pologalamuyi ipitirire patsogolo, boma lidaika padera ndalama za ntchitoyi (11%) mu ndondomeko ya za chuma choyendetsera boma (budget) mchaka cha 2010/2011. Mothandizidwa ndi mvula yabwino, mfundo zimenezi zathandiza kuti dziko la Malawi likhale ndi chakudya chambiri. Zokolola zakhaninkhani zidadathandiza kuti Malawi isavutike kwambiri kaamba ka mavuto azachuma amene anakhudza maiko onse a padziko a 2008. + +Mfundo za Chuma +Mchaka cha 2009, unduna wa za chuma udalengeza kuti mzaka zinayi zammbuyomo, chiwerengero cha a Malawi amene anali pa umphawi wadzaoneneni chidatsika kuchoka pa 52% kufika pa 40%. Izi zidali chomwechi kaamba ka mfundo zabwino zoyendetsera dziko zimene pulezident Bingu wa Mutharika wakhala akutsatira, makamaka pa nkhani ya chakudya ndi njira zabwino zokopa makampani akunja kudzayambitsa ntchito zao za bizinesi ku Malawi. Mu ulamuliro wake, Pulezidenti Mutharika wamanga zipatala zing’onozing’ono mmadera ammidzi, misewu yatsopano yamakono, zipatala zazikulu, sukulu zatsopano ndi mahositelo 42 a atsikana pa zaka zitatu zokha, zomwe zachepetsa umphawi wa anthu. A Mutharika akweza miyoyo ya anthu pa nthawi yochepa (GDP 7.5%). Dziko la Malawi layikaponso mtima pa kafukufuku wa migodi ngati njira imodzi yokweza chitukuko. Mchaka cha 2009, mgodi woyamba wa miyala ya Uranium adautsegulira ku Kayerekera ku Karonga ndipo pali chiyembekezo choti mgodiwu uzibweretsa ndalama zokwana US $200 miliyoni pa chaka. Mgodiwunso wapezetsa ntchito anthu oyandikira nderalo. + +Wapampando wa Africa Union +Pa 31 Januale, 2010, a Mutharika adakhala wapampando wa Bungwe la Mgwirizano wa mayiko a mu Afrika la African Union (AU) kulowa mmalo mwa a Muammar al-Gaddafi amene ankafuna kuti apitirize chaka chachiwiri koma zidalephereka. A Mutharika ndi mtsogoleri woyamba wa dziko la Malawi kukhala pa udindowu. Poyankhula pamene amalandira udindowu, a Mutharika anati “ Afrika si dziko losauka ayi, koma anthu a mu Afrika ndi amene ali osauka” ndipo adapempha mayioko kuti “ Afrika itukule Afrika”. A pulezidenti Mutharika adatsindika kuti mfundo yayikulu yautsogoleri wao wa AU idzakhala kulimbukitsa masomphenya awo akufunika kwa kukhala odzidalira pachakudya. +Pa 4 Meyi, a Mutharika monga wapampando wa AU adakakhala nawo pa chikondwelero chokumbukira kuti dziko la Senegal lidakwanitsa zaka makumi anayi (50) chilandirire ufulu. +Komanso iwo anakhala nawo pa msonkhaano wa G8 ku Canada ndi wa G20 ku Seoul, mdziko la South Korea. +Pa July, 26, Pulezidenti Ngwazi Prof. Bingu wa Mutharika anakhala nawo pa msonkhano wa African Union womwe udachitikira ku Kampala, Uganda. + +Pa 6 September, 2010, Pulezidenti Mutharika anapita ku Rwanda kukakhala nawo pa mwambo wolumbilitsa Pulezidenti Kagame + +Pulezidenti Mutharika anakakhalanso nawo pasonkhano wolimbikitsa ubale wa pakati pa dziko la Iran ndi maiko onse a mu Africa omwe unachitikila ku Iran. + +Pulezidenti Mutharika analankhula ku sukulu ya ukachenjede ya Boston ku America. Muuthenga wake kumeneko, Pulezidenti anatsimikizira anthu za momwe pulogalamu yopereka feteleza kwa alimi ang’onoang’ono ili yofunika ku maiko a ku Africa. Iye anati ngakhale maiko anzungu safuna kulimbikitsa chitidwewu kumaiko aku Africa, iwo kumaiko kwao akulimbikitsa chitidwewo. + +Dziko la Malawi linapangitsa msonkhano wa nduna za ulimi mu maiko a Afilika womwe unachitikila mu mzinda wa Lilongwe. Ndunazi zinagwilizana kulimbikitsa nkhani yopereka fetereza kwa alimi ang’onoang’ono. + +Pulezidenti Mutharika anali m’modzi mwa atsogoleri omwe anatsutsa kupambana kwa pulezidenti wakale wa ku Ivory Coast pa chisankho chomwe chinachitika mu 2010. + +Maulemu omwe analandira + +Pulezidenti Mutharika wakhala akulandira maulemu wosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa anthu osiyanasiyananso, kusonyeza kuthokoza pa zomwe wakhala akuchitira mtundu wa aMalawi Pulezident wa dzikoli. + Ulemu kuchokera ku bungwe la United Nations” United Nations Special Millenium Developemnt goals” mu chaka cha 2010. Ulemuyu unapelekedwa chifukwa cha mfundo za bwino zothetsa njala mu dzikoli. + Ulemu wina womwe analandira kuchokera ku bungwe la COMESA mu chaka cha 2010. Uwu unali ulemu woyamikira utsogoleri wabwino umene a pulezidenti anauwonetsa pamene anali tsogoleri wa COMESA kuyambira chaka cha 1991 mpaka 1997. + Ulemu wina wochokera ku bungwe la Southern Africa Trust Drivers of Change mchaka cha 2009. Uwu unali ulemu umene analandira chifukwa chothetsa njala m’dzikoli. Muzaka zinayi za ulamuliro wa Pulezidenti Mutharika umphawi wathetsedwa kuchokera pa 58 kufika 42 %. Izi zathandiza maiko ene a mu Africa kuzindikira kuti nawonso atha kuziimila paokha pankhani yothetsa njala. + Ulemu wina wa “Medal of Glory” mchaka cha 2009. Pulezidenti Mutharika analandira ulemuwu chifukwa cha kusintha kwabwino kwa njira zaulimi, zimene zinapangitsa kuti chitukuko chikwere kufika pa 9.9 % mu chaka cha 2008. + Ulemu wopambana kwambiri wotchedwa” the most Excellent Grand Commander” omwe umaperekedwa mdziko la Malawi. + Ulemu wotchedwa” Inaugural Food Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network Food Security Policy Leadership Award” mu chaka cha 2008. Ulemuwu unaperekedwa chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino zimene anapanga pothetsa njala mdzikoli. + Ulemu wina wotchedwa “FAOs Agriola Medal” mchaka cha 2008 ulemu chifukwa cha zimene a pulezidenti Mutharika alipangila dziko la Malawi kukhala dziko la mkaka ndi uchi. + Ulemu wotchedwa “Loiuse Blouin Foundation Award for Exceptional Creative Achievement” mu chaka cha 2008 pa nkhani ya chitukuko. + Ulemu umene linapereka boma la Denmark chifukwa cholimikitsa kusasiyana pakati pa amayi ndi abambo mchaka cha 2008. + +Pulezidenti Mutharika analandiranso madigriri a ulemu osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku sukulu za ukachenjede monga East China Normal University mu chaka cha 2010, Yunivesite ya Dehli mchaka cha 2010, Yunivesite ya Mzuzu mu 2008 ndiponso Yunivesite ya Strathclyde mu 2005. + +Pulezidenti Mutharika anayambitsa bungwe la Bineth Trust lomwe limalimbikitsa ntchito za maphunziro, ndiponso bungwe la Silver-Grey Foundation. Pulezidenti Mutharika anayambitsanso sukulu za ukachenjede monga Malawi University of Science and Technology, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Cotton Research ku Bagula, University of Marine Biology ndiponso University of Mombera ndi University of Nkhotakota. + +Mbiri ya banja lake + +Pulezidenti Mutharika anakwatira malemu mayi Ethel Zvauya Mutharika ndipo iwowo anabereka nawo ana anayi. Mayi Mutharika anatisiya pa May, 28, 2007, atadwala kwa nthawi yayitali matenda a kansa + +Mchaka cha 2010, Pulezident Mutharika analengeza kuti akufuna kukwatira mayi Callista Chapola, omwe anakhalapo nduna ya zokopa alendo. Pulezidenti Mutharika ndi Mayi Callista Mutharika anakwatitsa mchaka cha 2010 chomwecho. + +A Pulezidenti Mutharika ali ndi mngono wawo, a Peter Mutharika, amene anali mphunsitsi pa Yunivesite ya Washington ku America. Mchaka cha 2009, a Peter Mutharika anasankhidwa kukhala phungu wa ku nyumba ya malamulo, ndipo kenaka anasankhidwa kukhala nduna ya za malamulo, nadzakhalanso nduna ya zamaphunziro. Panopa aPeter Mutharika ndi pulezidenti wopuma. + +Malaŵi +Akhristadelfia (chiNgerezi Christadelphians, "abale mwa Khristu") ndi mpingo womwe udakhazikitsidwa m'chaka cha 1848. Chiphunzitso chokana Utatu wa Mulungu pokhulupiria kuti Yesu Kristu ndi Mzimu Woyera si Mulungu. + +References + +Akhristu +Banovci ndi mzinda ku dziko la Croatia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 432 (2011). +Trpinja ndi mzinda ku dziko la Croatia. +Moshchena ndi mzinda ku dziko la Ukraine. +Ukraine +Koya ndi mzinda ku dziko la Sierra Leone. + +Sierra Leone +Algeria ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Africa. Algiers ndi boma lina la dziko la Algeria. + +Demographics + +Zolemba + +Maiko a ku Africa +Chauncy Maples (1852-1895), Bishop of Likoma. + +Akhristu +Likoma ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +University of Malawi + +Notes + + University of Malawi [dead link] + University of Malawi - Chancellor College + University of Malawi - College of Medicine + University of Malawi - The Polytechnic +Malaŵi +MV Chauncy Maples + +Link + (Chingerezi) Chauncy Maples.org + +Malaŵi +Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu & Asia. + +Azerbaijan +Maiko a ku Asia +Dong Hoi dziko Quang Binh ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Vietnam. +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 500 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Hanoi. + +Vietnam +Bien Hoa dziko Dong Nai ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Vietnam. +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 20 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Ho Chi Minh City. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.104.495 (2015) + +Vietnam +Chitipa ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 11,160 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Karonga ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 48,577 (2013). + +Demographics + +Malaŵi +Rumphi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 27,988 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Mzuzu ndi mzinda mu dziko la Malaŵi. Mzindawu umapezeka ku mpoto kwa dziko la Malawi ndipo ndi tawuni yayikulu mu dera la kumpoto. Mzuzu ndi mzinda wachitatu kukula kutrngela kuchulukwa kwa anthu mu dziko la Malawi. Mzindawu wuli ndi anthu okwana 221,272 ndi ana asukulu okwana 20,000 omwe amaphunzira ku sukulu ya ukachenjede ya Mzuzu univesite. Anthu okwana 1.7 miliyoni amakhalammadera ozungulira mzindawu. Mzindawu uli mu boma la Mzimba ndipo uli mdera lomwe ndi mchigwa cha phiri la Viphya. Ndipo madera oyandikila derali muli malo achitikira nthcito za ulimi monga tiyi, rabala ndi khofi. Malo a nkhalango a Viphya anali malo akulu a nkhalango yodzalida ndi anthu. madera otchuka mzindawu ndi Chimaliro, Katoto, Chibavi, Luwinga, Masasa ndi Zolozolo. + +Malaŵi +Mzimba ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 26,224 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Nkhata Bay ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Kwacha ya Malaŵi (MWK) ndi ndalama la dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Ndalama +Kwacha: + Kwacha ya Malaŵi‎ + Kwacha ya Zambia + +Disambig +Dowa ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Ntchisi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Nkhotakota ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Machinga ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Chiradzulu ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Mulanje ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. Ku Mulanje ndi dera limene kumapezeka phiri lalikulu mu malawi yonse. Phirili ndi lachitatu kukula mu africa yonse. + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Phalombe ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Thyolo ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Chikwawa ndi mzinda wa ku dziko la Malaŵi. + Munthu: 10,000 + +Malaŵi +Nsanje ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Neno ndi mzinda wina wa dziko la Malaŵi. + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Limbe ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Malia (*1978) ndi woimba ku Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Kuimba +Joyce Hilda Banda anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Malaŵi. + +Zolemba + +Andale +Malemia ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Zichyújfalu dziko Fejér ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Hungary. + +References + +Link + +Hungary +Russia (rus. - Россия) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu & Asia. Moscow ndiye likulu la dzikolo. Purezidenti ndi Vladimir Putin. Russia ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri pa 17,125,200km². Ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 147,000,000. Russia yakhala ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yayikulu, makamaka pankhondo, mu Ufumu wa Russia, komanso ku Soviet Union. Eastern Front inali yoyipa kwambiri m'mbiri yankhondo, ndipo anthu oposa 30-40,000,000 adamwalira. Ku Russia, zilankhulo zambiri zimayankhulidwa. Chachikulu ndi Russian. Ena ndi Chitata, Chiyukireniya, ndi ena ambiri. +Kwacha ya Zambia (ZMW) ndi ndalama la dziko la Zambia. + +Zambia Zambia +A Sung Jae-gi(Korea:성재기 成在基, 11 Sepitembala, 1967 - 26 Julaye, 2013) ndi Human right activist ya chipanichi, philosopher wa dziko la South Korea. + +South Korea +Chilumba ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.000—5.000. + +Malaŵi +Livingstonia canke Kondowe ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6.690 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Chintheche ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Embangweni ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: ~ 5.000. + +Malaŵi +Champhira ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Jenda ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Edingeni ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Chipoka ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 5.132 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Mchinji ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 25.184 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Mua ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Namitete ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Nathenje ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Bwanje ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Linthipe ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Lobi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Madisi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Malaomo ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Mayani ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Mitundu ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Nponela ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Thete ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Tsangano ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Bangula ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: ~ 5.000. + +Malaŵi +Chileka ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Chiponde ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Domasi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: ~ 36.000 (2004). + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Lilangwe ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Limbe: + + Limbe, Malaŵi + Limbe, Cameroon + Limbe, Haiti + +Disambig +Luchenza ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 15.501 (2008). + +Malaŵi +Lunzu ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Malosa ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Mwanza: + Mwanza, Malaŵi + + Mwanza, Tanzania + +disambig +Namadzi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Zolemba + +Malaŵi +Namwera ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Ngabu ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Nchalo ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Njata: + Njata, Malaŵi + Njata, Indonesia + +disambig +Njata ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Zalewa ndi mzinda ku dziko la Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Zomba: + Zomba, Malaŵi + Zomba, Hungary + +disambig +Mtsinje wa Dwangwa ndi mtsinje wa ku Malaŵi. + +Mulitali: ~ 160 km. + +Malaŵi +Mtsinje wa Songwe ndi mtsinje wa ku Malaŵi ndi Tanzania. + +Songwe +Malaŵi +Tanzania +Mtsinje wa Lilongwe ndi mtsinje wa ku Lilongwe, Malaŵi. + +Mulitali: 200 km. + +Malaŵi +Lilongwe +Lilongwe +Mtsinje wa Ngalamu ndi mtsinje wa ku Mozambique ndi Malaŵi. + +Mozambique +Malaŵi +Mtsinje wa South Rukuru ndi mtsinje wa ku Malaŵi. + +Malaŵi +Kaisara Augusto (23 September 63 BC - 19 August AD 14), wotchedwanso Octavian, anali mfumu yoyamba ya Roma yomwe inalamulira kuyambira 27 BC mpaka imfa yake mu AD 14. Iye amadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa ulamuliro wa Roma. ndi gawo loyamba la Ufumu wa Roma, ndipo Augusto akuonedwa kuti ndi mmodzi wa atsogoleri aakulu kwambiri m’mbiri ya anthu. Ulamuliro wa Augusto unayambitsa mpatuko wa mfumu komanso nyengo yogwirizana ndi mtendere wa mfumu, Pax Romana kapena Pax Augusta. Dziko la Roma linali lopanda mkangano waukulu kwa zaka zoposa mazana aŵiri ngakhale kuti panali nkhondo zopitirizabe za kufalikira kwa ufumu m’malire a Ufumuwo ndi nkhondo yapachiŵeniŵeni ya chaka chonse yotchedwa “Chaka cha Mafumu Anai” pa kutsatizana kwa mafumu. +Napoleon Bonparte anali wopenta (1769 August 15, - May 5, 1821). +Matenda a Ebola a mavailasi (EVD) kapena kuti Matenda a Ebola a kukha magazi komanso kutentha thupi (EHF) ndi matenda amene amagwira anthu ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tochedwa Ebola. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuwonekera pakatha masiku awiri mpaka milungu itatu tizilombo ta matendawa tikalowa m’thupi mwa munthu. Zina mwa zizindikirozo ndi kutentha thupi, zilonda zakukhosi, kuphwanya kwa thupi, ndiponso kupweteka kwa mutu. Kenako munthu amayamba kuchita nseru, kusanza, ndiponso kutsegula m’mimba. Komanso chiwindi ndi impso za munthuyo zimasiya kugwira bwino ntchito. Zikatere, odwala ena amayamba kukha magazi m’malo osiyanasiyana. + +Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tingalowe m’thupi mwa munthu wina ngati munthuyo atakhudzana ndi magazi kapena madzi a m’thupi la munthu kapena zinyama zimene zili ndi matendawa (makamaka anyani ndi mileme). Padakali pano, palibe umboni wotsimikizidwa ndi akatswiri a zachipatala wosonyeza kuti matendawa angafale kudzera mu mpweya. Zikuoneka kuti mileme imatha kukhala ndi tizilombo ta matendawa n’kumatifalitsa, koma iyoyo sidwala ndi tizilomboti. Munthu akangotenga tizilomboti, amatha kufalitsa matendawa kwa anthu enanso. Munthu wa bambo amene wachira kumatendawa angathenso kufalitsa tizilombo ta matendawa kudzera mu umuna ngati atagona ndi mkazi pasanathe miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamene wachira. Azachipatala akamayeza munthu amene akuganiziridwa kuti ali ndi matendawa, amayamba atsimikizira kaye kuti munthuyo sakudwala matenda ena omwe zizindikiro zake n’zofanana ndi za Ebola, monga malungo, kolera ndi matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi mavailasi amene amachititsa munthu kutentha thupi komanso kukha magazi. Pofuna kutsimikizira ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, magazi ena amayezedwa kuti aone ngati chitetezo chake cholimbana tizilombo chakwera, kapena ngati RNA yachuluka, kapenanso ngati m’magazimo muli tizilombo ta Ebola. + +Munthu angapewe matendawa ngati atapewa kukhudzana ndi anthu kapena anyani ngakhalenso nkhumba zomwe zili tizilombo ta matendawa. Zimenezi zingatheke ngati nyamazi zitayezedwa kuti aone ngati zili ndi matendawa komanso kuzipha ndi kuzikwirira moyenera zikapezeka kuti zili ndi matendawa. Chinthu chinanso chimene chingathandize ndi kuphika nyama m’njira yoyenerera komanso kuvala zovala zodzitetezera pamene munthu akugwira kapena kuphika nyama. Kuvala zovala zodzitetezera ndiponso kusamba m’manja tikakhala pafupi ndi munthu amene akudwala matendawa n’kuthandizanso kwambiri. Muyenera kuchita zinthu mosamala kwambiri mukamagwira madzi a m’thupi kapena zinthu zina za m’thupi la munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. + +Padakali pano, matendawa alibe mankhwala; komabe, odwala amapatsidwa madzi a mchere ndi shuga (omwe amathandiza kubwezeretsa madzi a m’thupi) kapena madzi ena. Matendawa amapha kwambiri anthu: nthawi zambiri anthu 50 mpaka 90 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene agwidwa ndi matendawa amamwalira. Matenda a Ebola anapezeka koyamba m’dziko la Sudan kenako m’dziko la Democratic Republic of the Congo. Mliri wa matendawa umakonda kubuka m’mayiko otentha a ku kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 1976 (pa nthawi yoyamba imene matendawa anadziwika) mpaka kufika m’chaka cha 2013, anthu omwe ankagwidwa ndi matendawa pachaka sankakwana 1,000. Mliri woopsa kwambiri wa Ebola ndi womwe ukuchitika panopa, womwe wabuka mu 2014, ku West Africa, ndipo wakhudza mayiko a Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia ndiponso Nigeria. Pofika mu August 2014, anthu oposa 1600 anali atafa ndi mliriwu. Akatswiri akuyesetsa kuti apange katemera; komabe, padakali pano palibe katemera amene wapezeka. + +Malifalensi + + Ndandanda + +Malinki a nkhani zina + + ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses – Virological repository from the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics + CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch + WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response + Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae + 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB) + Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks + WHO recommended infection control measures +Trojany ndi mzinda ku dziko la Poland. + +Poland +Chilankhulo cha Chilidenevi (chilidenevi: lydnevi). + +Umboni +Chilankhulo +Dziko la Italy ndilo kum'mwera kwa Ulaya ndipo ndi membala wa European Union. Dzina lake lenileni ndi Repubblica Italiana. Mbendera ya Italy ndi yobiriwira, yoyera ndi yofiira. Italy ndi Republican demokarasi ndipo ndi woyambitsa bungwe la European Union. Purezidenti wake Sergio Mattarella ndi nduna yake ndi Giuseppe Conte. Italy nayenso ali membala wa G8, popeza ali ndichisanu ndi chitatu cha Padziko Lonse Padziko Lonse. + +Zisanafike 1861, zinali ndi maufumu ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Italy yatchuka chifukwa cha vinyo, komanso chakudya chake. Zina mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pasitala, pizza, ndi mphesa. Maolivi amakhalanso odzaza kwambiri mu mbale. + +Mzinda wa Rome, womwe ndi likulu la dzikoli, ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi, chifukwa unali likulu la Ufumu wa Roma. Mizinda ina yotchuka ku Italy ndi Venice, Naples, Genoa, Florence, Palermo, ndi Milan. + +Zolemba + +Maiko a ku Europu +San Marino (it. - Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Maiko a ku Europu +Stary Dwór ndi mzinda ku dziko la Poland. + +Poland +VietJet Air ndi Vietnam bajeti ya ndege. The headquarter ali Hanoi ndi likulu la ntchito mu Saigon. Iwo anakhazikitsidwa mu 2007 ndipo anayamba ntchito mu 2011. Iwo ali ndege ambiri a ndege ku Vietnam ndipo 5 mizinda Asia. Mu 2014, izo zinasaina pangano ndi Airbus kugula 63 Airbus A320. +Vietnam +Radio Studio 54 Network, kapena Studio 54 Network, ndi Chitaliyana payekha wailesi ya ku Locri, Calabria. Mpweya kufika situdiyo 54 Network pa FM asanu ndi anayi m'zigawo zisanu madera a kum'mwera kwa Italy: Messina, Reggio Calabria, Vibo Valentia, Catanzaro, Cosenza, Crotone, Lecce, Potenza ndi Salerno). The mapulogalamu amakhala ndi kufala kwa nyimbo kumenya ndi zenizeni nthawi zambiri, 28. tsiku zosintha. + +Zowonekera kunja limasonyeza + Radio Studio 54 Network Official Website + Webcast Studio 54 Network + wailesi ku Italy + Radio malo okhazikika mu 1985 + Media ku Calabria +Europe (Listeni / jʊərəp / kapena / jɜrəp /) ndi kontinenti kuti zizindikiro ndi westernmost chilumba cha Eurasia. Anthu ambiri anagawa ku Asia ndi okulira limagaŵikira a Ural ndi Caucasus mapiri a Ural mtsinje, ndi Caspian ndi Black Pacific, ndi Bosporus waterway wolumikiza Black ndi Aegean Pacific. + +Europe ndi mphepete mwa Arctic Ocean kumpoto, nyanja ya Atlantic kumadzulo, nyanja ya Mediterranean kum'mwera, ndi Black Sea ndi m'pamene madzi ndi kum'mwera. Koma malire a Europe-chiphunzitso zinayambira ku zachikhalidwe yamakedzana-ndi lachabechabe, monga makamaka physiographic akuti "kontinenti" komanso yophatikiza chikhalidwe ndi andale. + +Europe ndi yachiwiri zing'onozing'ono Africa ndi padziko area, zofunda za 10.180.000 sikweya makilomita (3,930,000 m'litali mi) kapena 2% ya Dziko lapansi ndi za 6.8% ya m'dziko lake m'deralo. Ya ku Ulaya pafupifupi 50 m'mayiko, Russia ndi yaikulu kwambiri onse m'deralo ndi anthu, nasenza 40% Africa (ngakhale dziko lili m'dera ku Ulaya ndi Asia), pamene Vatican City ndi laling'ono. Europe ndi lachitatu-koposa mitundu Africa pambuyo Asia ndi Africa, ndi anthu 739-743 miliyoni kapena 11% ya padziko lonse. The ambiri amangoti ntchito ndalama ndi yuro. + +Europe, makamaka wakale Greece, ndi adzabadwira Azungu. Iwo ankasewera ndi chimaonetsa udindo padziko lonse zochitika kuyambira pa 15 m'ma onwards, makamaka pambuyo pa chiyambi cha colonialism. Pakati pa 16 ndi 20 zaka European mitundu ankalamulira panthawi zosiyanasiyana America, ambiri Africa, Oceania, ndi namtindi wa Asia. The Industrial anthu anaukira, omwe anayamba mu Great Britain kuzungulira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, chinkapangitsa kwakukulu chuma, chikhalidwe, komanso kusintha Western Europe, ndipo kenako anthu atenge dziko. Zaziwerengero kukula anatanthauza kuti, ndi 1900, Europe a gawo la padziko lonse 25%. + +Zonse zapadziko lonse makamaka kuyang'ana pa Europe, anapereka kwambiri kuti kufooka ku Western European lalikulu padziko lapansi ndi m'ma 20 m'ma monga United States ndi Soviet Union anatenga kutchuka. Pa Chidani, Europe unagawidwa m'mphepete mwankhanza pakati NATO kumadzulo ndi Warsaw ke kummawa. European kusakanikirana zinachititsa kuti pakhale la Council of Europe ndi European Union ku Western Europe, ndi amene akhala kuwonjezera kum'mawa kuyambira kusintha zinthu 1989 ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union mu 1991. The European Union masiku ano ali kukula mphamvu kwa yake membala mayiko. Ambiri European m'mayiko a Schengen Area, amene achotsa malire ndi olowa ndi kutuluka amazilamulira mwa anthu ake. + +Europu +Kontinenti +North America ndi kontinenti mwathunthu mwa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi ndipo pafupifupi mwathunthu mu Western dziko lapansi. Iwo akhoza katengedwa kukhala munthu kumpoto subcontinent a ku America. [1] Izo mphepete kumpoto ndi Arctic Ocean, kum'mawa ndi Atlantic Ocean, kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera ndi Pacific Ocean, ndi kum'mwera ndi South America ndi ku Caribbean Sea. + +North America linatenga malo za 24.709.000 sikweya makilomita (9,540,000 linali lalikulu kwambiri), za 16,5% a dziko lapansi a dziko deralo za 4.8% ake onse padziko. North America ndi lachitatu yaikulu Africa ndi dera, kutsatira Asia ndi Africa, [2] ndi wachinayi ndi anthu pambuyo Asia, Africa, ndipo Europe. [3] + +Mu 2013, anthu ake anali pafupifupi 565 miliyoni mu 23 palokha limati, kapena 7.5% ya padziko lonse, ngati pafupi zilumba (makamaka Caribbean) aphatikizidwa. + +North America kunatha ake oyambirira anthu m'masiku otsiriza glacial nthawi, kudzera akuwoloka Bering dziko mlatho. Otchedwa Paleo-Indian nthawi atengedwa kuti unakhala mpaka 10,000 zapitazo (chiyambi cha chachikale chinkawavuta kapena Meso-Indian nthawi). The Classic siteji chimakwirira roughly 6 kwa zaka 13. The Pre-Columbian nyengo inathera ndi kufika a ku Ulaya pa Age of Unapezekera ndi Early Modern nthawi. Masiku ano chikhalidwe ndi mitundu dongosolo kusonyeza mtundu wa ankachita pakati European atsamunda, anthu ameneŵa, African akapolo ndi ana awo. European makhalidwe ndi mphamvu zambiri mu kumpoto m'madera a kontinenti pamene zamakolo ndi African makhalidwe ali ndi mphamvu kum'mwera. Chifukwa cha mbiri ya colonialism ambiri North America kulankhula m'Chingelezi, m'Chisipanishi kapena French ndi anthu ndi imati ambiri kusonyeza Western miyambo. + +Zigawo + +Onaninso +Mwachirengedwe ndi North America ambiri m'madera ndi subregions. Zinthu monga chikhalidwe, chuma, ndi malo m'madera. Economic m'madera zinthu popangidwa ndi malonda blocs, monga North America Trade mgwirizano bloc ndi Central America Trade mgwirizano. Zinenero ndi chikhalidwe, dziko Africa akhoza kugawidwa mmagawo Anglo-America ndi Latin America. Anglo-America zikuphatikizapo ambiri kumpoto kwa America, Belize, ndi Caribbean zilumba ndi Chingelezi anthu (kuti kum'mwera dziko mabungwe monga Louisiana ndi Quebec, ndi Francophone mu zikuchokera). + +Kum'mwera North America wapangidwa ndi awiri m'madera. Awa Central America ndi ku Caribbean. [19] [20] The kumpoto kwa Africa kupitiriza anazindikira m'madera ena. Mosiyana wamba tanthawuzo la "North America", zomwe amanena yense, mawu akuti "North America" ​​amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ponena Canada, Mexico, ndi United States, ndi Greenland. [9] [10] [11 ] [12] [21] + +Mawu akuti kumpoto America amatanthauza kumpoto ambiri m'mayiko ndi m'madera North America, Canada, ndi United States, Greenland, Bermuda, ndi St. Pierre ndi Miquelon. [22] [23] Ngakhale kawirikawiri ntchito, [tikalemba anafunika] mawu akuti Middle America osati kusokonezedwa ndi kumadzulo chapakati pa dziko United States-magulu m'madera a ku Central America, ku Caribbean, ndi Mexico. [24] + +Yaikulu mayiko a Africa, Canada ndi United States, alinso bwino kumatanthauza ndipo anazindikira m'madera. Pa nkhani ya Canada awa ndi British Columbia Coast, Canada minda, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, ndi kumpoto Canada. Chigawo alinso ambiri subregions. Mu nkhani ya United States - ndipo malinga ndi US Census Bureau matanthauzo - kudera ndi: New England, Mid-Atlantic, East North pakati States, West North pakati States, South Atlantic States, South East pakati States, South West chapakati States, Mountain States, ndi Pacific States. Zigawo nawo pakati pa mayiko awiriwa zinaphatikizapo Great Lakes Region. Megalopolises nawonso unali pakati pa mayiko awiriwa pa nkhani ya Pacific chakumadzulo ndi Great Lakes Megaregion. + +Climate + +North America ndi lalikulu kwambiri Africa chimene chimaposa cha Arctic Circle, ndipo dziko. Greenland, pamodzi ndi Canada chishango, ndi Titafika ndi pafupifupi kutentha kuyambira pakati pa 10 ° C 20 ° C madigiri, koma chapakati Greenland wapangidwa ndi waukulu kwambiri ayezi pepala. Izi Titafika chimachokera mu Canada, koma malire limatha pafupi ndi miyala kumapiri (komabe lili Alaska) ndipo pamapeto a ku Canada Shield, pafupi ndi Great Lakes. Climate kumadzulo kwa Cascades akunenedwa kuzizira nyengo pafupifupi mainchesi 20 mvula. [56] Climate mu nyanja California limafotokoza kuti Mediterranean, ndi pafupifupi kutentha m'mizinda ngati San Francisco kuyambira pakati pa 57 ndi 70 m'kupita kwa chaka. [57] Anatambasula ku East Coast kum'mawa kwa North Dakota, ndipo anatambasula mpaka Kansas, ndi America-chinyezi nyengo osonyeza zovuta nyengo, ndi yambiri ya pachaka mvula, ndi malo monga New York City pafupifupi mainchesi 50. [ 58] Kuyambira pa kum'mwera kwa dziko la America-chinyezi nyengo ndi anatambasula ku Gulf of Mexico (pomwe Ukuimira kum'mawa theka la Texas) ndi oyandikana nyengo. M'derali ali wettest mizinda contiguous US ndi chaka mvula kufika 67 mainchesi mu Mobile, Alabama. [59] Anatambasula ku malire a America chinyezi ndi oyandikana nyengo, ndi kupita kumadzulo kwa Cascades Sierra Nevada, kum'mwera kwa kum'mwera wa durango, kumpoto kumalire ndi Titafika nyengo, ndi steppe / chipululu nyengo ndi driest nyengo mu US Cities ngati Cheyenne, Wyoming kupeza mwapang'ono 3 mainchesi mvula chaka chilichonse. [60] [61] + +Zinenero + +Wamphamvu zinenero North America ndi m'Chingelezi, m'Chisipanishi ndi French. Denmark ndi maganizo Greenland limodzi Chigirinilandi, ndi Dutch chimalankhulidwa limodzi zinenero mu Dutch Caribbean. Mawu akuti Anglo-America ntchito za anglophone mayiko a ku America: ndicho Canada (kumene English ndi French ndi omasuliridwa boma) ndi United States, komanso nthawi zina Belize ndi mbali ya kumadera otentha, makamaka Commonwealth Caribbean. Latin America amatanthauza ena a ku America (zambiri kum'mwera kwa United States) kumene Romance m'zinenero, opangidwa kuchokera ku Latin, a Spain ndi Portugal (koma French kulankhula mayiko Sichifukwa anaphatikizapo) amachuluka: lina Union wa Central America ( koma nthawi Belize), mbali ya Caribbean (osati Dutch-, English-, kapena French olankhula m'madera), Mexico, ndipo ambiri South America (kupatula Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana (FR), ndi Falkland Islands ( UK)). + +Chifulenchi wakhala mbiri anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu North America ndipo tsopano akuzisunga lenileni pamaso m'madera ena. Canada ndi ukumu nzeru. French ndicho chinenero cha Province wa Quebec, kumene 95% ya anthu amalankhula ngati mwina wawo woyamba kapena wachiwiri chinenero, ndipo omasuliridwa boma ndi English mu Province cha New Brunswick. Other French olankhula locales zimaphatikizapo Province wa Ontario (chinenero ndi English, koma pali anthu pafupifupi 600,000 Franco-Ontarians), ndi Province wa Manitoba (omasuliridwa boma monga de A jure ndi English), ndi French West Indies ndipo Saint- Pierre neri Miquelon, komanso US boma la Louisiana, komwe French kungatithandizenso chinenero. Haiti ali nawo ndi gulu zochokera m'mbiri kucheza koma Haitians kulankhula onse Creole ndi French. Mofananamo, French ndi French Antillean Creole chimalankhulidwa Saint Lucia ndi Commonwealth wa Dominica limodzi English. + +Chikhalidwe + +Canada ndi United States nafenso zikhalidwe ndi miyambo monga mayiko anali kale British ankawalamulira. A wamba chikhalidwe ndi chuma msika zachitika pakati pa mitundu iwiri chifukwa choti chuma ndi mbiri anzathu. Greenland magawo ena chikhalidwe kugwirizana ndi anthu ameneŵa a Canada koma ankaona Masewerera a Nordic ndi cholimba Denmark ubale chifukwa zaka za kulamulira ndi Denmark. Amalankhula Chisipanishi North America amauza wamba akale monga kale Spanish ankawalamulira. Mu Mexico ndi ku Central America kumene chitukuko ngati Maya anayamba, zamakolo anthu kusunga miyambo kudutsa masiku malire. Central America ndi ku Spain olankhula Caribbean mitundu mbiri anali ndi zambiri zofanana chifukwa malo moyandikana. + +Kumpoto Mexico, makamaka m'mizinda ya Monterrey, Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, ndi Mexicali, ali kwambiri kutengera chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa United States. A takambiranazi mizinda Monterrey wakhala amatengedwa kwambiri Chimerika mzinda North America. [83] Immigration ku United States ndi Canada akhala kwambiri lingaliro la mitundu yambiri pafupi ndi malire a kum'mwera a US. The Anglophone Caribbean limati achitira umboni Kutha kwa Ufumu wa Britain ndi chikoka pa chigawo, ndi kusinthanitsa ndi chuma chikoka cha kumpoto kwa America. Mu Anglophone Caribbean. Ichi mwina chifukwa cha anthu ochepa a Chingelezi Caribbean mayiko, ndiponso chifukwa ambiri mwa iwo ndi anthu dziko lina kuposa anthu otsalira kunyumba. + +Kontinenti +North America +Łobez dziko Zachodniopomorskie ndi tauni yomwe yili ku mpoto kwa dzilo la Poland. + +Tauniyi, yili ma kilomita 500 kuchoka ku mzinda wa Warsaw. + +Demographics + +Meya + +Nyengo + +Link + Łobez + BIP Łobez + Łobez - You Tube + Tourist Information + +Malifalensi + +Poland +Marshall Bruce Mathers III (anabadwa October 17, 1972), imene mwaukadaulo monga Eminem, ndi rapper American. Iye ndi membala wa D12 ndi theka za awiriwa m'chiuno siimakupiza Bad Meets Evil. Eminem ndi bwino kugulitsa wojambula wa 2000s mu United States. Agulitsa Albums oposa 172, kupanga mmodzi aluso yabwino Kugulitsa. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Mathers anabadwa pa October 17, 1972, ku St. Joseph, Missouri. Mathers mayi, Debbie, anatsala pang'ono kufa pa 73 maola ntchito yake. Debbie tinakhala ndi mwana, Nathan Kane Samara, wobadwa February 3, 1986 amatchedwanso Nate. + +Ali wamng'ono Eminem ndi Debbie shuttled pakati Missouri ndi Michigan, kawirikawiri kukhala m'nyumba imodzi chaka kuposa kapena awiri ndi moyo makamaka ndi achibale. Mu Missouri iwo ankakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo Saint Joseph, Savannah ndi Kansas City, asanathetse mu Warren, Michigan pamene Eminem anali khumi. Anzathu ndi mabanja kumbukirani Eminem mwana wosangalala, koma "pang'ono payekha" amene nthawi zambiri amavutitsidwa. amavutitsa wina, De'Angelo Bailey anavulala Eminem mutu; Debbie Nelson mlanduwu mlandu motsutsana sukulu mu 1982, amene anachotsedwa chaka chotsatira. + +Eminem nthawi yayikulu ya unyamata wake mu m'munsi-pakati kalasi, makamaka African-American Detroit oyandikana. Iye ndi Debbie anali mmodzi wa mabanja atatu woyera pa chipika awo, ndi Eminem anamenyedwa ndi achinyamata African-American kangapo. Pamene mwana anali ndi chidwi nthano, wokhala kukhala azithunzithunzi-book wojambula pamaso Atazindikira ntchafu kadumphidwe. + +Ntchito early +Ndili ndi zaka 14, anayamba rapping ndi sekondale bwenzi Mike Ruby; iwo anatenga maina "Manix" ndi "M & M," amene kusanduka mu "Eminem". Eminem snuck mu oyandikana Osborn High School ndi mnzake ndi anzake rapper Umboni kwa nkhondo chodyera Freestyle rap. Loweruka anafika mipikisano lofuna Mika pa m'chiuno siimakupiza Plommer pa West 7 Mile, ankaona pansi zero kwa Detroit rap sceneStruggling kugwira bwino njira yopangira ambiri African-American, Eminem anazindikira mwa mobisa anthu ntchafu kadumphidwe. Pamene analemba mavesi, iye ankafuna kwambiri mawu kuti amafananirako; analemba mawu yaitali kapena mawu pa pepala, pansi, anagwira rhymes lililonse limapangidwa. Ngakhale mawu zambiri zosamveka, ndi kubowola anathandiza Eminem phokoso chizolowezi ndi rhymes. + +Ntchito +Pamene mbiri Eminem chinakula, iye anatengedwa ndi magulu angapo rap; woyamba wa amenewa anali the New jacks. Pambuyo inasokonekera analowa Soul Pofuna, amene anamasulidwa limodzi pa 1995 kudziona lotchedwa EP awo zinapanga Umboni. The rappers awiri anapanga D12, zisanu ndi membala gulu loyimba chokhala ndi Wu-Tang wamasiku gulu kuposa gulu zonse kuchita. Eminem anali koyamba zake ndi lamulo zaka 20, pamene anamangidwa chifukwa okhudzidwa ake pagalimoto, ndi kuwombera ndi paintball mfuti. mlandu wake unatha pamene wovulalayo sizinayambe kukhoti. + +Eminem posakhalitsa alembedwa Jeff ndi Mark Bass 'FBT munapanga kungosunga Album ake kuwonekera koyamba kugulu chozama kwa palokha Web awo Entertainment chizindikiro. + +Eminem chidwi kwambiri pamene iye anayamba Ang'ono Pamthunzi, ndi yankhanza zachiwawa kusintha cholinga. khalidwe, "ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhetsa mwazi wawachifwamba amene amalavulira rhymes anakwiya za kuphana, kugwiririra, mankhwala ndi moyo mwa lamulo la nkhalango m'tawuni", kumulola kuti mkwiyo wake. M'chaka cha 1997 iye analemba kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake EP, ndi ang'ono pamthunzi EP, limene linatuluka kuti dzinja ndi Web Entertainment. The EP, maumboni kawirikawiri ntchito mankhwala, zogonana, kusakhazikika maganizo ndi chiwawa, komanso kufufuza ndi mfundo zambiri kwambiri polimbana ndi umphawi ndi mavuto m'banja ndi banja ndipo anaulula mwachindunji, kudzikonda deprecating anayankhira kuti kutsutsako. + +Eminem anapita ku Los Angeles kupikisana mu 1997 rap Olympic (pachaka, m'dzikolo nkhondo mpikisano rap). Iye anaika wachiwiri, ndi ndodo Interscope Records pamsonkhanowo anatumiza buku ang'ono pamthunzi EP kampani CEO Jimmy Iovine. Iovine ankaimba tepi kwa mbiri sewerolo Dr. Dre, anayambitsa Zotsatira Entertainment. Dre anati, "Mu ntchito yanga lonse makampani music, ndapeza kalikonse kuchokera pachiwonetsero tepi kapena CD. Pamene Jimmy anayimba iyi, ine ndinati, 'Pezani iye. Tsopano.'" Ngakhale anali kudzudzulidwa ndi mabwenzi kwa wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa ndi rapper woyera, iye ankadziwa mu maganizo ake: "ine sindikupatsani ndi ndichiyani ngati inu muli wofiirira, ngati inu mungakhoze kukankha izo, ine ndiri kugwira ntchito ndi inu." Eminem, amene amalambira Dre chiyambireni kumvetsera ku NWA monga wachinyamata, ndinkaopa wogwira naye pa Album kuti: "Sindinafune kuti starstruck kapena kumpsompsona bulu wake kwambiri ... Ine ndiri pang'ono woyera mnyamata ku Detroit. I anali asanaonepo nyenyezi, samathanso Dr. Dre. " Iye anakhala wabwino ntchito ndi Dre pambuyo mndandanda wa magawo zipatso kujambula. + +United States +Harare ndi boma lina la dziko la Zimbabwe. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.606.000. + +Zolemba + +Zimbabwe +Boma +Maputo ndi boma lina la dziko la Mozambique. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.766.184. + +Mozambique +Boma +Pretoria ndi boma mu dziko la South Africa. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 741.651. + +South Africa +Cape Town ndi boma kapena mzinda mu dziko la South Africa. Cape Town imatchedwa Kaapstad mu chiyankhulo cha Afrikana ndiposa Ikapa mu chiyankhulo cha chiXhosa. Tawuniyi ndi yachiwiri mukuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kutsatila Joni yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri mu South Africa. Tawuniyi imatchedwa mother city or mayi wa matawuni ndipo ndi tawuni yayikulu mu chigawo cha Western Cape. Nyumba ya malamulo ya South Africa ilinso ku Cape town, koma matawuni ena ofunika kuyendetsa dziko ndi Pretoria komwe kuli prezidenti ndi maofesi oyendetsela dziko ndi Bloemfontein komwe kuli khoti lalikulu. + +Tawuni ya Cape Town imadziwika ndi gombe lake, maonekedwe ake okongola chifukwa cha maluwa ndi zachilengedwe zimene zimapezeka kumeneko komanso phiri lalikulu lokongola lotchedwa Table Mountain. + +Tawuniyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri pa zinthu zambiri monga zaluso lopanga zinthu. Tawuniyi inasankhidwa ndi New York Times komanso Daily Telegraph mu 2014 kukhala tawuni yopambana yomwe anthu angakayendeleko ndi kukawona zambiri. Mutawuniyi munachitikila maeewero achikho cha dziko lapansi a mpira wa rugby mu chaka cha 1995 ndiponso chikho cha dziko la pansi cha mpira wa miyendo mu chaka cha 2010. + + kukula kwa malo: 2,461 km² + Kuchuluka kwa anthu: 3,740,026 (2011) + Anthu malingana ndi mtundu (2011) +Anthu akuda 15.8% +Achikaladi 44.6% +Indian/Asian 1.4% +Achizungu 32.3% +Ena 1.9% +Chiyankhulo choyamba(2011) +ChiAfrikana 22.7% +ChiXhosa 2.7% +Chingerezi 67.1% +Zina 7.1% + +Tawuni ya Cape Town yoyambilila inamangidwa ndi kampani ya Dutch East India Company (VOC) ngati malo operekera zofunika ku mabwato amene amapita kuzambwe kwa Africa komanso India. Jan Van Riebeeck wa kampani ya VOC anafika pa 6 apulo mu chaka cha 1652 ndipo anakhazikitsa malo oyamba okhalapo azungu mu South Africa. Kenaka tawuniyi inakhula kwambiri kuposa cholinga chomwe inayikhazikilitsila ndipo inakhala malo a zachuma komanso chikhalidwe kwa anthu ochoka ku ulaya. + +Anthu oyambilila kukhala mudelali amakha ku maphanga a Peers ku fish Hoel muzaka zoposela 15, 000 kapena 12, 000 zapitazo. Padakali pano anthu amangodziwa zinthu zochepa za anthu amenewa chifukwa umboni woyamba wolembedwa umapezeka pa zomwe Bartolomeu Dias ananena mu chaka cha 1488. Iyeyu anali mzungu woyamba kufika kumalowa ndipo anatchula malowa "Cape of Storms" (Cabo das Tormentas). Koma malowa anatchulidwa dzina lina ndi John II of Portugal ngati "Cape of Good Hope" (Cabo da Boa Esperança) chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chimene chinalipo chopeza njira ya panyanja kukafika ku India. Vasco da gama analemba zowona malowa mu chaka cha 1497. Muchaka cha 1510, pankhondo ya Salt river, Francisco de Almeida ndi ankhondo ake anagonjetsedwa ndi Goringhaiqua, gulu lina la anthu chikhoekhoe mothandizidwa ndi ng'ombe. Muzaka za ma 16 chakuti, mabwato azungu amayima pa gombe la Table bay kupita ku India. Amachita malonda a fodya, kopa, ayiloni ndi anthu achikhoekhoe, kusinthana ndi nyama ndi zinthu zina zofunika. + +Link + Cape Town + +Malifalensi + +South Africa + +South Africa +Bloemfontein ndi boma lina la dziko la South Africa. + Maonekedwe: 236 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,100 ta’ata/km² +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 256.185 (2011). + +South Africa +Johannesburg ndi mzinda ku dziko la South Africa. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 957.441. + +South Africa +Durban ndi mzinda ku dziko la South Africa. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 595.061. + +South Africa +Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (wobadwa Rolihlahla Mandela: 18 Julayi 1918 - 5 Disembala 2013) anali waku South Africa wotsutsana ndi tsankho, wandale komanso wopereka mphatso zachifundo yemwe anali Purezidenti woyamba wa South Africa kuyambira 1994 mpaka 1999. Iye anali mtsogoleri woyamba wakuda mdzikolo Boma ndi woyamba kusankhidwa pachisankho chokomera anthu onse. Boma lake lidalimbikira kuthetsa cholowa cha tsankho polimbana ndi tsankho komanso kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu. Poganiza kuti ndi wokonda dziko la Africa komanso wachisosholizimu, adakhala Purezidenti wa chipani cha African National Congress (ANC) kuyambira 1991 mpaka 1997. + +Mneneri waku Xhosa, a Mandela adabadwira m'banja lachifumu la Thembu ku Mvezo, Union of South Africa. Anaphunzira zamalamulo ku University of Fort Hare komanso University of Witwatersrand asanagwire ntchito ngati loya ku Johannesburg. Kumeneko adayamba kuchita nawo zandale zotsutsana ndi atsamunda komanso za ku Africa, kulowa nawo ANC mu 1943 ndikupanga mgwirizano wake wachinyamata mu 1944. Boma loyera lokha la National Party litakhazikitsa tsankho, njira yosankhana mitundu yomwe idapatsa mwayi azungu, a Mandela ndi a Mandela. ANC idadzipereka kuti iwonongedwe. Adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa nthambi ya ANC ku Transvaal, ndikukwera kutchuka chifukwa chotenga nawo gawo pa 1952 Defiance Campaign ndi 1955 Congress of the People. Anamangidwa mobwerezabwereza chifukwa chochita zinthu zoukira boma ndipo sanamuyankhe bwino mu 1956 Treason Trial. Mothandizidwa ndi Marxism, adalowa mgulu la South African Communist Party (SACP) loletsedwa. Ngakhale adayamba kuchita zionetsero zopanda chiwawa, mothandizana ndi SACP adakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo la Umkhonto we Sizwe mu 1961 ndipo adatsogolera kampeni yolimbana ndi boma. Anamangidwa ndikuikidwa m'ndende mu 1962, ndipo pambuyo pake anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende moyo wonse chifukwa chofuna kugwetsa boma pambuyo pozengedwa mlandu ku Rivonia Trial. + +Mandela adakhala m'ndende zaka 27, adagawanika pakati pa Robben Island, Prollmooor Prison ndi ndende ya Victor Verster. Pakati pa zovuta zakunyumba komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso mantha a nkhondo yapachiweniweni, Purezidenti FW de Klerk adamumasula mu 1990. Mandela ndi de Klerk adatsogolera zoyesayesa zokambirana zothana ndi tsankho, zomwe zidabweretsa chisankho cha 1994 chamitundu yosiyanasiyana pomwe Mandela adatsogolera ANC kupambana ndikukhala purezidenti. Potsogolera boma logwirizana lomwe limakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, a Mandela adatsimikiza kuyanjananso pakati pa magulu amtundu mdzikolo ndikupanga Commission ya Choonadi ndi Kuyanjanitsa kuti ifufuze za kuphwanya ufulu wakale wa anthu. Mwachuma, oyang'anira ake adasungabe zomwe zidakonzedweratu ngakhale zidali zachikhulupiliro chake, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zolimbikitsira kukonzanso nthaka, kuthana ndi umphawi ndikukulitsa ntchito zazaumoyo. Padziko lonse lapansi, a Mandela adakhala mkhalapakati pamilandu yophulitsa bomba ya Pan Am Flight 103 ndipo adakhala mlembi wamkulu wa Non-Aligned Movement kuyambira 1998 mpaka 1999. Adakana chigamulo chachiwiri cha purezidenti ndipo adatsatiridwa ndi wachiwiri wawo, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela adakhala mtsogoleri wachikulire ndipo adayesetsa kuthana ndi umphawi ndi HIV / Edzi kudzera mu bungwe lachifundo la Nelson Mandela Foundation. + +Mandela anali wotsutsana naye m'moyo wake wonse. Ngakhale otsutsa kumanja adamunena kuti anali wachigawenga wachikomyunizimu ndipo omwe anali kumanzere kumamuwona ngati wofunitsitsa kukambirana ndi kuyanjananso ndi omwe adathandizira atsankho, adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chachitetezo chake. Amadziwika kuti ndi chithunzi cha demokalase komanso chilungamo chachitukuko, adalandira ulemu wopitilira 250, kuphatikiza Mphotho ya Nobel Peace. Amalemekezedwa kwambiri ku South Africa, komwe amatchulidwatchulidwa ndi dzina lachifumu la Thembu, Madiba, ndipo amatchedwa "Tate wa Fuko". + +Zolemba + +South Africa +1918 kubadwa +2013 imfa +Ronald Wilson Reagan ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 1981 mpaka 1989. + +United States +Barack Hussein Obama II anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira mu 2009. +George Washington ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 1789 mpaka 1797. + +Zolemba +Abraham Lincoln ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 1861 mpaka 1865. + +Zolemba + +United States +Franklin Delano Roosevelt anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1945. + +United States +Washington, D.C. ndi boma lina la dziko la United States. + + Maonekedwe: 177 km² + Kuchuluka: 4,251 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 672,228 (2015). + +Demographics + +Link + Washington, D.C. + +Malifalensi + +United States +Boma +New York City ndi mzinda ku dziko la United States. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.491.079. +Los Angeles ndi mzinda ku dziko la United States. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.928.864. + +United States +Tokyo ndi boma lina la dziko la Japan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 13.506.607. + Maonekedwe: 2,188 km² + Kuchuluka: 13,572 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Tokyo + +Japan +Sydney ndi mzinda mu dziko la Australia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 4.840.600. +Athens (gr. - Αθήνα) ndi boma lina la dziko la Greece. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 664,046 (2011). + +Link + Athens Portal + +Greece +Boma +Beijing ndi boma lina la dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 21.516.000 (2015). + +Link + Beijing + +China +Boma +Shanghai ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 24.152.700 (2015). + +Link + Shanghai + +China +Hong Kong ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 7.234.800 (2014). + Maonekedwe: 2,755 km² + Kuchuluka: 6,544 ta’ata/km² + +China +São Paulo ndi mzinda ku dziko la Brazil. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 11.895.893. +Rio de Janeiro ndi mzinda ku dziko la Brazil. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6.453.682. +Rome ndi boma lina la dziko la Italia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.869.322 (2018). + +Italia +Boma +Paris ndi boma lina la dziko la France. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.240.621. + +France +Moscow ndi boma lina la dziko la Russia. Moscow idapezeka mu 1147. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 12.197.596. + + Russia +Boma +Saint Petersburg ndi mzinda ku dziko la Russia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 5.191.690. + +Russia +Jerusalem ndi boma lina la dziko la Israel. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 890.428. + +Link + Jerusalem + +Malifalensi + +Israel +Cairo ndi boma lina la dziko la Egypt. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10.230.350 (2011). + Maonekedwe: 528 km² + Kuchuluka: 6,740 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Cairo + +Egypt +Lagos ndi mzinda ku dziko la Nigeria. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10.404.112 (2012). + Maonekedwe: 1,000 km² + Kuchuluka: 10,409 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Lagos + +Malifalensi + +Nigeria +Mecca ndi mzinda ku dziko la Saudi Arabia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.675.368 (2010). + Maonekedwe: 760 km² + Kuchuluka: 2,200 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Mecca + +Malifalensi + +Saudi Arabia +Damascus ndi boma lina la dziko la Syria. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.711.000 (2009). + Maonekedwe: 105 km² + Kuchuluka: 16,295 ta’ata/km² + +Malifalensi + +Syria +Baghdad ndi boma lina la dziko la Iraq. + Maonekedwe: 204 km² + Kuchuluka: 35,166 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 7.180.889 (2016). + +Demographics + +Link + Baghdad + +Malifalensi + +Iraq +Tehran ndi boma lina la dziko la Iran. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.846.782. + +Zolemba +Madrid ndi boma lina la dziko la Spain. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.141.991 (2014). + Maonekedwe: 604 km² + Kuchuluka: 5,390 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Madrid + +Spain +Berlin ndi boma lina la dziko la Germany. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.610.156 (2015). + +Demographics + +Germany +Boma +Bangkok ndi boma lina la dziko la Thailand. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.280.925 (2010). + +Thailand +Boma +Jakarta ndi boma lina la dziko la Indonesia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 9.607.787. + +Indonesia +Boma +Kyoto ndi mzinda ku dziko la Japan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.474.570 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 828 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,800 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Kyoto + +Malifalensi + +Japan +Nagoya ndi mzinda ku dziko la Japan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.283.289 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 326 km² + +Link + Nagoya + +Malifalensi + +Japan +Osaka ndi mzinda ku dziko la Japan.Tauniyi ndiyodziwika kwambili mu dzikolo. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.668.586. + +Zolemba +Sapporo ndi mzinda ku dziko la Japan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.918.096 (2013). + + Maonekedwe: 1,121 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,710 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Sapporo + +Japan +Yokohama ndi mzinda ku dziko la Japan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.697.894. +Chengdu ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 14.427.500 (2014). + +Link + Chengdu + +China +Chongqing ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 30.165.500 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 82,403 km² + Kuchuluka: 370 ta’ata/km² + +China +Guangzhou ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 13.080.500 (2014). + +Link + Guangzhou + +China +Lhasa ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 559.423 (2013). + +Link + Lhasa + +China +Nanjing ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8,230,000 (2015). + +Link + Nanjing + +China +Shenzhen ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10.628.900 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 8,494 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,200 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Shenzhen + +China +Tianjin ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 15.469.500 (2015). + +Link + Tianjin + +China +Wuhan ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10.607.700 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 8,494 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,200 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Wuhan + +China +Xi'an ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.627.500 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 9,983 km² + Kuchuluka: 870 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Xi'an + +China +Brasília ndi boma lina la dziko la Brazil. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.974.703 (2018). + +Demographics + +Brazil +Boma +Curitiba ndi mzinda lina la dziko la Brazil. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.879.355 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 431 km² + Kuchuluka: 4,062 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Curitiba + +Malifalensi + +Brazil +Recife ndi mzinda lina la dziko la Brazil. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.555.039. +Mbabane ndi boma lina la dziko la Eswatini. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 94.874 (2010). + Maonekedwe: 150 km² + Kuchuluka: 630 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Mbabane + +Malifalensi + +Eswatini +Boma +Maseru ndi boma lina la dziko la Lesotho. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 227.880 (2006). + Maonekedwe: 138 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,651 ta’ata/km² + +Malifalensi + +Lesotho +Boma +Vienna ndi boma lina la dziko la Austria. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.840.573. + +Austria +Seoul ndi boma lina la dziko la South Korea. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10.117.909. +Nairobi ndi boma lina la dziko la Kenya. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.138.369. +Mumbai ndi mzinda ku dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 12,442,373 (2011) . + Maonekedwe: 603 km² + Kuchuluka: 21,000 ta’ata/km² + +Link + +Malifalensi + +India +Mexico City ndi boma lina la dziko la Mexico. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 9.209.944 (2020). + Maonekedwe: 1,485 km² + Kuchuluka: 6,000 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Mexico City + +Malifalensi + +Mexico +Boma +London ndi boma lina la dziko la United Kingdom. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.538.689. + +United Kingdom +Boma +Kolkata ndi mzinda ku dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 4.496.694. +Kinshasa ndi boma lina la dziko la Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kamodzi kokhala nsomba ndi midzi yamalonda, Kinshasa tsopano ndipadera ndi anthu oposa 11 miliyoni. Chimayang'anizana ndi Brazzaville, likulu la dziko loyandikana nalo la Republic of Congo, lomwe lingayang'ane kutali ndi mtsinje waukulu wa Congo, kuwapanga kukhala dziko lachiwiri la pafupi kwambiri ndi mzinda wa Rome ndi Vatican City. Mzinda wa Kinshasa ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo 26 za DRC. Chifukwa chakuti malire a chigawo cha mzindawo amayendetsa malo ambiri, malo oposa 90 peresenti ya malo a tawuni ndi malo akumidzi, ndipo m'tawuni muli gawo laling'ono koma likukula kumadzulo. + +Anthu a ku Kinshasa amadziwika kuti Kinois (mu French ndi nthawi zina mu Chingerezi) kapena Kinshasa (English). Anthu achimwenye a m'derali ndi Humbu ndi Teke. + +Mbiri +Mzindawu unakhazikitsidwa monga malonda ndi Henry Morton Stanley mu 1881. Anatchedwa Léopoldville kulemekeza Mfumu Leopold II ya ku Belgium, yomwe inkalamulira dera lalikulu lomwe tsopano ndi Democratic Republic of the Congo, osati monga dera koma katundu wachinsinsi. Chotsatiracho chinakula kwambiri ngati doko loyamba loyenda panyanja ya Mtsinje wa Congo pamwamba pa Livingstone Falls, pamtunda wa makilomita 300 pansi pa Leopoldville. Poyamba, katundu yense amene ankafika panyanja kapena kutumizidwa ndi nyanja amayenera kunyamula anthu omwe anali pakati pa Léopoldville ndi Matadi, doko lomwe lili pansi pa mapulanetiwa ndi mtunda wa makilomita 150 kuchokera ku gombe. + +Link + Kinshasa + +Malifalensi + +Democratic Republic of the Congo +Boma +Karachi ndi mzinda ku dziko la Pakistan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 24.300.000 (2016). + Maonekedwe: 3,527 km² + +Link + Karachi + +Malifalensi + +Pakistan +Istanbul ndi mzinda ku dziko la Turkey. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 14.025.646. + +Turkey +Dubai ndi mzinda ku dziko la United Arab Emirates. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2,502,715 (2015). + Maonekedwe: 4,114 km² + Kuchuluka: 3,372 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Dubai + +Malifalensi + +United Arab Emirates +Dhaka ndi boma lina la dziko la Bangladesh. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6.970.105 (2011). + Maonekedwe: 300 km² + Kuchuluka: 23,234 ta’ata/km² + +Link + Dhaka + +Malifalensi + +Bangladesh +Delhi ndi boma lina la dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 16.314.838. + +Boma +Buenos Aires (yotchedwa City of Buenos Aires kapena Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, malinga ndi Constitution yake) ndiye likulu ndi mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Republic of Argentina. Mzindawu ndi mzinda wodziyimira pawokha womwe umapanga chimodzi mwa zigawo 24, kapena "oyang'anira oyambira", omwe amapanga dzikolo. Ili ndi akuluakulu ake, owumba malamulo komanso oweruza. Ili kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa dzikolo, pagombe lakumwera kwa Río de la Plata, m'chigawo cha Pampas. Mzinda wa Buenos Aires udalamulidwa ndi chigawo cha Buenos Aires kuti likhale likulu ladziko lonse; koma pansi pa National Constitution ndi mzinda wodziyimira pawokha. + +Argentina +Boma +Brussels (Braselozi) ndi dera lalikulu limene muli mizinda ingapo komanso tawuni yayikulu ya Brussels, imene ili likulu la dziko la Belgium. Brussels ndi dera limene muli anthu ambiri ku Belgium komanso ndi lolemela kuposa madera onse mudzikoli. + +Brussels inakula kuchokera kudera laling'ono limene linali midzi yokha pa mtsinje wotchedwa Senne kufika kukhala tawuni yofunikila mu Ulaya. Kufikila nthawi yomwe nkhondo yadziko lonse yachiwiri inatha, mzindawu wakhala wofunika kwambiri pankhani za ndale ndipo ma bungwe ambiri anakhazikitsa likulu lawo kumeneko. Brussels ndi likulu la bungwe la European Union. + +Brussels linali dera loyankhula chiDutch (chidatchi) koma linasintha kukhala dera loyankhula chiFrench (chifrenchi). Mudera limene muli likukulu mu tawuni ya Brussels, anthu amayankhula chidatchi ndi chifrenchi chomwe, ngakhale anthu ambiri padakali pano amayankhula chifrenchi. Chingerezi chimayankhulidwa ngati chiyankhulo chachiwiri komaso anthu ambiri obwera kudzagwira ntchito mderali amayankhula chingerezi. + +Brussels imadziwika ndi zakudya zokoma zimene zimaphikidwa kudelali komanso nyumba zomangidwa bwino; ndipo nyumba zambiri ndizotetezedwa ndi a Unesco. Malo omwe ali okongola kukawona ndi grand place, Manneken Pis, Atomium ndi manyumba owonetsa mbiri ya dzikoli ndi ntchito zaluso. + +Dziko : Belgium + +Anthu opezeka ku Brussels: achiFrenchi ndi chiFlemish + +chiwerengerero cha wanthu : 1,208,542 + +kukula kwa dera : 162.4 km2 + + +Belgium +Bogotá ndi boma lina la dziko la Colombia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 7.878.783 (2015). + +Colombia +Amsterdam ndi boma lina la dziko la Netherlands. + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 838.338 (2016). + Maonekedwe: 12,84 km² + Kuchuluka: 811 ta’ata/km² + +Demographics + +Link + Amsterdam + +Malifalensi + +Netherlands +Boma +Barcelona ndi mzinda ku dziko la Spain. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.604.555 (2015). + +Spain +Valencia ndi mzinda ku dziko la Spain. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 809.267. + +Spain +Seville ndi mzinda ku dziko la Spain. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 703.021 (2011). + Maonekedwe: 140 km² + Kuchuluka: 5,002 ta’ata/km² + +Demographics + +Link + Seville + +Spain +Podgorica ndi boma lina la dziko la Montenegro. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 187.085. +Warsaw ndi boma lina la dziko la Poland. + Maonekedwe: 517 km² + Kuchuluka: 3,372 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 1,744,351 (2015). + +Demographics + +Link + Warszawa + +Malifalensi + +Poland +Boma +Gdańsk ndi mzinda ku dziko la Poland. + + Maonekedwe: 12,84 km² + Kuchuluka: 811 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 462.249 (2015). + +Demographics + +Link + Gdańsk + +Malifalensi + +Poland +Kraków ndi mzinda ku dziko la Poland. + Maonekedwe: 327 km² + Kuchuluka: 2,333 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 762,508 (2015). + +Demographics + +Link + Kraków + +Malifalensi + +Poland +Funafuti ndi boma lina la dziko la Tuvalu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6.025 (2012). + Maonekedwe: 2.4 km² + Kuchuluka: 2,500 ta’ata/km² + +Malifalensi + +Tuvalu +Pune ndi mzinda ku dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 3.115.431. +Honiara ndi boma lina la dziko la Vilumba vya Solomon. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 84.520 (2017). + Maonekedwe: 22 km² + Kuchuluka: 3,841,4 ta’ata/km² + +Malifalensi + +Vilumba vya Solomon +Port Vila ndi boma lina la dziko la Vanuatu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 44.040. +Suva ndi boma lina la dziko la Fiji. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 88.271. +Surabaya ndi mzinda ku dziko la Indonesia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.765.487. + +Zolemba + +Indonesia +Bujumbura ndi boma lina la dziko la Burundi. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 497.166. + +Burundi +Tashkent ndi boma lina la dziko la Uzbekistan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.309.600. +Samarkand ndi mzinda ku dziko la Uzbekistan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 504.423. +Sarajevo ndi boma lina la dziko la Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 369.534. +Thimphu ndi boma lina la dziko la Bhutan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 91.000. +Majuro ndi boma lina la dziko la Vilumba vya Marshall. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 27,797 (2011). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Vilumba vya Marshall +Boma +Brazzaville ndi boma lina la dziko la Republic of the Congo. + Maonekedwe: 264 km² + Kuchuluka: 6,900 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 1,827,000 (2014) + +Republic of the Congo +São Tomé ndi boma lina la dziko la São Tomé ndi Príncipe. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 56.945. +Asunción ndi boma lina la dziko la Paraguay. + Maonekedwe: 117 km² + Kuchuluka: 4,411 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 525,294 (2016) + +Demographics + +Link + Asunción + +Malifalensi + +Paraguay +Boma +Lomé ndi boma lina la dziko la Togo. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 837.437 (2010). + Maonekedwe: 90 km² + Kuchuluka: 9,305 km² + +Malifalensi + +Togo +Boma +Yaoundé ndi boma lina la dziko la Cameroon. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2,440,462 (2012). +Nuku'alofa ndi boma lina la dziko la Tonga. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 23.658. +Malé ndi boma lina la dziko la Maldives. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 133,412 (2014). + Maonekedwe: 6 km² + Kuchuluka: 23,002 ta’ata/km² + +Malifalensi + +Maldives +Boma +Honolulu ndi mzinda ku dziko la United States. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 390.738. + +United States +Bamako ndi boma mu dziko la Mali. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.809.106 (2009). + +Zolemba + +Mali +Baku ndi boma lina la dziko la Azerbaijan. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2.122.300 (2012). + +Link + Baku + +Azerbaijan +Boma +Atlanta ndi mzinda ku dziko la United States. + + Maonekedwe: 347 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,299 ta’ata/km² + Munthu: 463,878 (2015) + +Link + Atlanta + +Malifalensi + +United States +Bangalore ndi mzinda ku dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8.443.675 (2011). + Maonekedwe: 709 km² + +Link + Bangalore + + +India +Zürich ndi mzinda ku dziko la Switzerland. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 390.474. + +Switzerland +Zagreb ndi boma lina la dziko la Croatia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 792.875. + +Croatia +Yerevan (Երեւան) ndi boma lina la dziko la Armenia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 792.875. +Mtsinje wa Amazon ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil, Peru, Columbia ndi Ecuador. + +Mulitali: 6,992 km. + +Amazon +Brazil +Peru +Colombia +Ecuador +Mtsinje wa Mississippi ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 3,734 km. + +Mississippi +United States +Mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi mtsinje wa ku China. + +Mulitali: 6,300 km. + +Yangtze +China +Mtsinje wa Ganges ndi mtsinje wa ku India ndi Bangladesh. + +Mulitali: 2,525 km. + +Ganges +India +Bangladesh +Asia +Mtsinje wa Indus ndi mtsinje wa ku Pakistan. + +Mulitali: 2,880 km. +Mtsinje wa Volga ndi mtsinje wa ku Russia. + +Mulitali: 3,692 km. + +Russia +Volga +Mtsinje wa Zambezi ndi mtsinje wa ku Zambia, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Malaŵi ndi Botswana. + +Mulitali: 2,574 km. + +Mtsinje +Zambia +Angola +Mozambique +Namibia +Malaŵi +Botswana +Mtsinje wa Danube ndi mtsinje wa ku Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova ndi Ukraine. + +Mulitali: 2,860 km. + +Danube +Ukraine +Moldova +Bulgaria +Romania +Serbia +Croatia +Hungary +Slovakia +Austria +Germany +Europu +Mtsinje wa Rhine ndi mtsinje wa ku Germany. + +Mulitali: 1,230 km. +Mtsinje wa Congo ndi mtsinje wa ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. + +Mulitali: 4,700 km. +Mtsinje wa Niger ndi mtsinje wa ku Nigeria. + +Mulitali: 4,180 km. +Mtsinje wa Murray ndi mtsinje wa ku Australia. + +Mulitali: 2,508 km. +Mtsinje wa Missouri ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 3,767 km. + +Missouri +United States +Mtsinje wa Ohio ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 1,579 km. +Rio Grande (Chispanya: ) ndi mtsinje wa ku United States ndi Mexico. + +Mulitali: 3,051 km. +Mtsinje wa Colorado ndi mtsinje wa ku United States ndi Mexico. + +Mulitali: 2,334 km. + +Colorado +United States +Mexico +Mtsinje wa Columbia ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 2,000 km. +Mtsinje wa Mackenzie ndi mtsinje wa ku Canada. + +Mulitali: 1,738 km. +Mtsinje wa Saint Lawrence ndi mtsinje wa ku Canada ndi United States. + +Mulitali: 1,197 km. +Saint Lawrence +Canada +United States +Mtsinje wa Yukon ndi mtsinje wa ku Canada ndi United States. + +Mulitali: 3,190 km. + +Yukon +Canada +United States +Rio Negro ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil. + +Mulitali: 2,250 km. +Mtsinje wa Madeira ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil ndi Bolivia. + +Mulitali: 3,380 km. + +Madeira +Brazil +Bolivia +Mtsinje wa Tocantins ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil. + +Mulitali: 2,080 km. +Mtsinje wa Magdalena ndi mtsinje wa ku Colombia. + +Mulitali: 1,528 km. +Mtsinje wa Orinoco ndi mtsinje wa ku Venezuela. + +Mulitali: 1,528 km. +Mtsinje wa Paraná ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil, Paraguay ndi Argentina. + +Mulitali: 4,880 km. + +Parana +Brazil +Paraguay +Argentina +Mtsinje wa Uruguay ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil. + +Mulitali: 1,838 km. +Mtsinje wa São Francisco ndi mtsinje wa ku Brazil. + +Mulitali: 2,830 km. + +Sao Francisco +Brazil +Mtsinje wa Orange ndi mtsinje wa ku Lesotho, South Africa ndi Namibia. + +Mulitali: 2,200 km. + +Orange +Lesotho +South Africa +Namibia +Mtsinje wa Senegal ndi mtsinje wa ku Senegal. + +Mulitali: 1,086 km. +Mtsinje wa Kasai ndi mtsinje wa ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. + +Mulitali: 2,153 km. + +Zolemba +Mtsinje wa Ubangi ndi mtsinje wa ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. + +Mulitali: 1,060 km. +Mtsinje wa Benue ndi mtsinje wa ku Nigeria. + +Mulitali: 1,400 km. +Nile ndi mtsinje wa ku Egypt. ur gay lil boi + +Mulitali: 6,853 km. +Spider-Man (Peter Parker) ndi ngwazi yopangidwa ndi Stan Lee ndi Steve Ditko wa Marvel Comics. +Baskin-Robbins ndi American ayisikilimu kukhazikitsidwa anakhazikitsidwa mu 1945 mu Glendale, California. Iwo chipilala chojambulidwa monga "yaikulu ayisikilimu chilolezo cha dziko" ndi malo oposa 4,500, 2,300 zimene zili United States. Baskin-Robbins wogulidwa ndi J.Lyons ku 1973, umene ndi gawo la mayiko olimbana ndi Germany Domecq PLC. Baskin-Robbins, Togoa, ndipo Dunkin Donuts amapanga mayiko olimbana ndi Germany Domecq Quick Service Malo, gawo la mayiko olimbana ndi Germany Domecq PLC. + +Baskin-Robbins imatchedwanso 'Makumi wina oonetsera'. Ngakhale laibulale kukoma tichipeza oonetsera 1000, oonetsera 31 okha zilipo sitolo pa nthawi inayake, chimodzi tsiku lililonse la mwezi. + +Zochita kwambiri Baskin Robbins 'franchises kunyamula oonetsera 32 pa nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa amakona anayi mawonekedwe a mayunitsi ndi refrigeration. + +Links Zowonekera kunja +Baskin-Robbins Website Official + +Dunkin' Mtundu +Nyanja ya Chilwa ndi yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri nyanza ya Malawi ndi nyanja ya Malawi. Ndi kum'mawa Zomba Chigawocho, pafupi ndi malire ndi Mozambique. + +Malaŵi +Nyanja +Turkey (tursk: Türkiye) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu & Asia. Istanbul ndi boma lina la dziko la Turkey. Dzikoli linayandikana ndi Greece cha ku madzulo, Gergiomo cha ku mpoto ndi Iran, Armenyomo, Azerbaijan kuzungulira kum’mawa, kummwera ndi ku madzulo. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 79 463 663 (2016). + +Maiko a ku Europu +Maiko a ku Asia +Luanda ndi boma lina la dziko la Angola. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 2 825 311. + +Angola +Dziko la Gambia + +Maboma a Malawi + + Banjul - wamdziko = 34,828 (2013) + Serekunda - wamdziko = 390 000 + + Brikama - wamdziko = 57,556 (2003) + Kanifing + +Zolemba + + +Maiko amene ankalamulidwa ndi dziko la Britain +Banjul ndi boma lina la dziko la Gambia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 34 828 (2013) +Gambia +Dziko la Angola lomwe limapezeka ku Africa. + +Maboma a Angola + Luanda - wamdziko = 2 825 311 (2014) + Huambo - wamdziko = 665 574 (2014) + Benguela - wamdziko = 513.441 (2008) + Ganda - wamdziko = 302 913 (2014) +Chile ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku South America. Santiago ndi boma lina la dziko la Chile. + Maonekedwe: 756,102 km² + Kuchuluka: 23 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 18,006,407 (2015) + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Chile +South America +Maiko a ku America +Thailand (thai: Prathet Thai) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 67.959.000 (2015). + +Bangkok ndi boma lina la dziko la Thailand. +Laos (Lao: Muang Lao) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6.803.699 (2014). + +Vientiane ndi boma lina la dziko la Laos. + +Maiko a ku Asia +Vietnam (vietnamese: Việt Nam) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 91.700.000 (2015). + +Hanoi ndi boma lina la dziko la Vietnam. + +Maiko a ku Asia +India (Sanskrit: Bhārata Gaṇarājya) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1.293.057.000 (2016). Delhi ndi boma lina la dziko la India. + +Delhi ndi boma lina la dziko la India. +Indonesia ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 255.461.700 (2015). + +Jakarta ndi boma lina la dziko la Indonesia. + +Maiko a ku Asia +Borneo (Indonesian: Kalimantan, Malay: Borneo) lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 19.804.064 (2010). +Brunei (Malay: Negara Brunei Darussalam) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 415.717 (2013). + +Bandar Seri Begawan ndi boma lina la dziko la Brunei. + +Maiko a ku Asia +Malaysia (Malay: Malaysia) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 31.128.000 (2016). + +Kuala Lumpur ndi boma lina la dziko la Malaysia. +China(中国) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. Beijing ndi boma lina la dziko la China. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1 339 724 852 (2013). + Maonekedwe: 9,596,961 km² + Kuchuluka: 145 ta’ata/km² +Hanoi ndi boma lina la dziko la Vietnam. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 7.587.800 (2015). + +Boma +Boma +Vientiane ndi boma lina la dziko la Laos. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 783.000 (2013). + +Boma +Tallinn ndi boma lina la dziko la Estonia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 440,950 (01.06.2016). + +Malifalensi + +Link + Tallinn + +Estonia +Boma +Estonia (et. - Eesti) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 1,315,944 (2016). + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Poland (pl. Polska) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. Warsaw ndi boma lina la dziko la Poland. + + Maonekedwe: 312,696 km² + Kuchuluka: 123 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 38,437,000 (2016). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Germany (de. - Deutschland) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 82,457,000 (2016). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Finland (fi. - Suomi) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 5,495,830 (2016). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Switzerland (de. - Schweiz) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 8,236,303 (2017). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Helsinki ndi boma lina la dziko la Finland. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 630,072 (2016). + +Link + Helsinki + +Finland +Greece (gr. - Ελλάδα) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 10,995,000 (2016). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Lech Wałęsa ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Poland kuyambira 1990 mpaka 1995. + +Poland +Netherlands (nl. - Koninkrijk der Nederlanden) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + + Maonekedwe: 41,543 km² + Kuchuluka: 408 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 16,947,904 (2015). + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Maiko a ku Europu +Paraguay (es. - República del Paraguay) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku South America. Asunción ndi boma lina la dziko la Paraguay. + + Maonekedwe: 406,752 km² + Kuchuluka: 17 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 6,783,272 (2015) + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +South America +Maiko a ku America +Hangzhou ndi mzinda ku dziko la China. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 9.018.000 (2015). + +China +Heidelberg ndi mzinda ku dziko la Germany. + + Maonekedwe: 109 km² + Kuchuluka: 1,422 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 154,715 (2014). + +Demographics + +Link + Heidelberg + +Malifalensi + +Germany +Mtsinje wa Wisła (Vistula) ndi mtsinje wa ku Poland. + +Mulitali: 1,047 km. + +Mzinda + Kraków + Warsaw + Gdańsk + +Poland +Mexico (pl. - Estados Unidos Mexicanos, Mexihcatl Tlacetililli Tlahtohcayotl) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku North America. Mexico City ndi boma lina la dziko la Mexico. + +Gallery + +Demographics + +Malifalensi + +Mexico +North America +Maiko a ku America +Mtsinje - masoka padziko watercourse ukuyenda mu ngalande ndi kukokoloka kwa mtsinje wa ufa. +Teresa Teng (January 29, 1953 - May 8, 1995), wotchuka Taiwanese woyimba ku Asia, iye ndi Asian opsa ndi Asian soda nyimbo mfumukazi. Iye anaimba Chinese songs, Japanese songs, Indonesia songs, Chikantonizie songs, Taiwanese nyimbo ndi English nyimbo. Iye anabadwa mu January 29, 1953 Taiwan. Mu 1967, iye anatulutsa Album wake woyamba ku Taiwan. Kuyambira 1970, iye ndi anthu ambiri mu Asia Southeast. Mu 1974, iye lofalitsidwa Album wake woyamba Japanese ku Japan. Mu Japan, iye anali woimba wotchuka. Mu 1983, iye anachita pa Olamulira a Roma Palace ku Las Vegas ndipo iye anachita zotengeka. Iye ali oposa 100 Albums payekha. Komanso, iye ali oposa 500 Albums anasankha. nyimbo iye ali wotchuka kwambiri mu Asia, monga Taiwan, Hong Kong, China, Japan, Korea South, Korea North, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand ndi mayiko ena, ali oposa 1 biliyoni mafani. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti pa 8 May 1995, iye anamwalira mu Chiang Mai, Thailand, ndi chifukwa cha imfa mphumu. Pa May 28, 1995, boma la Taiwan unachitikira maliro chachikulu kwa iye kuti azikumbukira chachikulu Taiwanese woimba. + +Zolemba +Matenda a Zika (omwe amadziwikanso kuti matenda a vairasi ya Zika) ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi vairasi yotchedwa Zika.Nthawi zambiri kachirombo koyambitsa matendawa kakalowa m'thupi, munthuyo sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse, ndipo ngati angasonyeze, zizindikirozo sizikhala zodetsa nkhawa ndipo zingakhale zofanana ndi zipere za pakhungu.Zizindikiro zina zingakhale kuphwanya kwa thupi, ndi kufiira kwa maso, ndi mumfundo za mafupa ndiponso, zilonda za pakhungu. Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zimenezi zimaoneka kwa masiku osapitirira 7. Padakalipano, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti munthu winawake anafa tizilombo ta matendawa titangolowa kumene m'thupi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Zika tikalowa m'thupi timathanso kuyambitsa matenda otchedwa Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS). + +Matenda a Zika amafalitsidwa kwambiri ndi udzudzu wotchedwa Aedes. Matendawa alinso m'gulu la matenda opatsirana pogonana chifukwa munthu yemwe ali nawo angapatsire mnzake amene akugonana naye, komanso njira ina imene matendawa amafalikira ndi kuikidwa magazi a munthu wina. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikalowa m'thupi la mayi wapakati, mayiyo amatha kupititsa padera kapenanso kubereka mwana wolumala. Madokotala akafuna kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi tizilomboti m'thupi mwake, amafunika kumuyeza magazi, mkodzo kapenanso malovu, ndiponso amaunika RNA ya munthuyo. + +Njira imodzi yopewera matendawa ndi kudziteteza kuti musalumidwe ndi udzudzu m'madera amene kuli matendawa, ndipo njira ina ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu moyenerera pogonana. Mungapewe kulumidwa ndi udzudzu ngati mumadzola mafuta othamangitsa udzudzu, kuvala zovala zimene zingakutetezeni kuti udzudzu usakulumeni, kugona muneti, ndi kukwirira maenje kapena zinthu zina zimene mungamaime madzi n'kumachititsa kuti udzudzu uziswanano. Padakalipano palibe katemera yemwe angathandize bwinobwino kupewa matendawa. Akuluakulu oona zaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti azimayi a m'madera amene mwabuka mliri wa Zika mu 2015–16, apewe kutenga pakati ndipo azimayi amene ali ndi pakati, asamapite kumadera amene kwabuka mliri wa matendawa. Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala enieni ochiritsa matendawa, mankhwala a paracetamol (acetaminophen) amathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro zake. Ndipo sikawirikawiri kuti anthu amene ali ndi matendawa afike pogonekedwa m'chipatala. + +Kachirombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa kanatulukiridwa koyamba mu 1947. Ndipo nthawi yoyamba yodziwika bwino imene mliri wa matendawa unabuka ndi m'chaka cha 2007 ku Federated States of Micronesia. January 2016, matendawa anali akupezeka m'madera 20 a ku North ndi South America. Matendawa akupezekanso ku Africa, Asia ndi kuzilumba zina za kunyanja ya Pacific. Chifukwa cha mliri wamatendawu womwe unabuku ku Brazil mu 2015, Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse, mu February 2016 linanena kuti vutoli ndi Lokhudza Aliyense ndipo M'pofunika Kuti Mayiko Onse Agwirane Manja Kuti Tithane Nalo. + +Malifalensi +Likodzo, lomwenso limadziwika ndi dzina lakuti matenda a munkhono, ndi matenda amene pachingelezi amatchedwanso helminthiasis ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo kapena nyongolosi zophwathalala ngati tepi zomwe pachingelezi zimatchedwa schistosomes. Nyongolosi zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu chikhodzodzo kapena mu matumbo. Zina mwa zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kumva kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, chimbuzi cha magazi, kapena magazi mu mkodzo. Matenda a likodzo akafika poipa komanso munthu akakhala nawo kwa nthawi yaitali, zinthu zina m'thupi zikhoza kuwonongeka, monga chiwindi, impso, komanso akhoza kukhala wosabereka, kapena angayambe matenda a khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo. Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, monga kupinimbira ndiponso kulephera m'kalasi. + +Munthu angatenge matendawa ngati wakhudzana ndi madzi opanda mchere, a m'zithaphwi, mumtsinje kapena m'nyanja omwe ali ndi tizilimbo toyambitsa matendawa. Nkhono za m'madzi opanda mchere ndi zimene zimasunga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a likodzo. Matendawa ndi ofala makamaka kwa ana a m'mayiko osauka chifukwa anawo amakonda kusewera m'madzi omwe angakhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Anthu enanso amene amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ndi alimi, asodzi, ndiponso anthu onse amene amagwiritsa ntchito madzi osakhala aukhondo pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Matenda a likodzo ali m'gulu la matenda amene amayambitsidwa ndi nyongolosi kapena njoka za m'mimba.Madokotala angadziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa pomuyeza mkodzo kapena chimbudzi kuti aone ngati muli mazira a nyongolosi zoyambitsa matendawa. Njira inanso imene madokotala angatsatire ndi kuyeza magazi a munthuyo kuti aone ngati muli mazira a nyongolosi. + +Anthu angapewe matendawa ngati atamagwiritsa ntchito madzi aukhondo komanso ngati atayesetsa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha nkhono. M'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, mankhwala a Praziquantel angamaperekedwe kwa anthu onse m'deralo kamodzi pa chaka. Kuchita zimenezi kumathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu amene angatenge matendawa chichepe komanso kuti matendawa asafalikire. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse limalimbikitsanso anthu a m'madera amene matenda a likodzo ndi ofala kwambiri kuti azimwa mankhwala a Praziquantel. + +Pafupifupi anthu 210 miliyoni anali ndi matenda a likodzo padziko lonse m'chaka cha 2012. Ndipo anthu oyambira pa 12,000 mpaka 200,000 amamwalira chaka chilichonse ndi matendawa. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri ku Africa, ku Asia ndi ku South America. Anthu pafupifupi 700 miliyoni a m'mayiko opitirira 70 amakhala m'madera amene matenda a likodzo ndi ofala kwambiri. M'mayiko otentha, likodzo ndi matenda ofala kwambiri ndipo amangoposedwa ndi malungo okha pa matenda onse oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo, ndipo amabwezera m'mbuyo kwambiri ntchito zachuma. Matenda amenewa ali m'gulu la matenda amene amanyalanyazidwa kwambiri m'mayiko otentha. + +Malifalensi +Chiwewe ndi ndi mavairasi omwe amachititsa kutupa kwa bongo wa munthu kapena nyama yomwe yagwidwa ndi matendawa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi kutentha ndiponso kuphwanya kwa thupi komanso kuyabwa kwa pamalo pamene palowa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Kenako pamakhalanso zizindikiro zina monga zotsatirazi: kuchita zinthu mwachiwawa, kusangalala kopitirira malire, kuopa kwambiri madzi, kulephera kusuntha kapena kuyendetsa ziwalo zina zathupi, kusokonezeka, ngakhalenso kukomoka kumene. Zizindikiro za matendawa zikangoyamba kuonekera, nthawi zambiri munthuyo kapena nyamayo imafa. Kuchokera pa nthawi imene tizilombo toyambitsa chiwewe talowa m'thupi la munthu kapena nyama, nthawi zambiri pamadutsa mwezi umodzi kapena itatu kuti zizindikiro ziyambe kuonekera. Komabe, nthawi zina pangapite mlungu umodzi wokha kuti zizindikirozi ziyambe kuonekera, kapenanso pangapite nthawi yokwana chaka chimodzi. Zimenezi zimadalira kutalika kwa mtunda umene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tingayende kuchokera pamene talowera kuti tikafike ku bongo. + +Zimene zimayambitsa matendawa komanso zizindikiro zake +Matenda a chiwewe amafalikira kwa anthu kuchokera ku zinyama. Matendawa angafalikire ngati nyama yomwe ili ndi matedwa yakanda kapena kuluma nyama ina ngakhalenso munthu. Tozilombo toyambitsa matendawa tingalowe m'thupi la munthu wina ngati munthuyo wakhudza malovu kapena timadzi tina ta m'thupi la munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Anthu ambiri amadwala matenda a chiwewe chifukwa cholumidwa ndi agalu achiwewe. M'mayiko amene chiwewe n'chofala, anthu oposa 99% omwe amadwala matendwa, amadwala chifukwa cholumidwa ndi agalu achiwewe. Koma m'mayiko a ku North ndi South America, anthu amadwala kwambiri chiwewe chifukwa cholumidwa ndi mileme ndipo anthu osakwana 5% amadwala matendawa chifukwa cholumidwa ndi agalu achiwewe. Koma sikawirikawiri kuti nyama ngati makoswe, mbewa ndi mbira zikhale ndi chiwewe. Mavairasi oyambitsa chiwewe amayenda kufika ku bongo podutsa mu minyewa ya kunja kwa bongo. Madokotala angadziwe zoti munthu ali ndi matendawa pokhapokha ngati munthuyo wayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro. + +Kapewedwe kake ndiponso chithandizo +Katemera wachiwewe wa agalu wachepetsa kwambiri matendawa m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso zimakhala bwino kuti anthu amene ali m'madera amene chiwewe n'chofala kwambiri azilandiriratu katemera wa matendawa. Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa ndi amene amagwira ntchito m'madera amene mileme ndi yochuluka kapena omwe amakhala nthawi yaitali m'madera omwe chiwewecho n'chofala kwambiri. Kwa anthu amene ali m'madera oterewa katemera wachiwewe kapena kumweratu makhwala othandiza kuti munthu asadwale chiwewe n'zothandiza kwambiri kuti munthu apewe matendawa, ngakhale kuti sakusonyeza zizindikiro zoti angakhale ndi matendawa. Munthu angathenso kupewa chiwewe ngati watsuka pachilonda chomwe walumidwa ndi galu kapena nyama ina yachiwewe kwa maminitsi 15, pogwiritsa ntchito sopo ndi madzi, povidone ayodini, kapena sopo wina wopha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri amene anachira pambuyo poti ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zoti ali ndi matenda achiwewe. Anthuwo amachira akathandizidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndi njira zosiyasiyana zakuchipatala, monga njira yotchedwa Milwaukee protocol. + +Katemera +Katemera wachiwewe ndi katemera amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa chiwewe. Pali mitundu ingapo yakatemerayi yemwe ndi yosaopsa komanso wothandiza kwambiri. Munthu angalandire katemera ameneyu kwa nthawi inayake, kapena asanapite kudera limene kuli mileme kapena agalu ambiri a chiwewe. Katemerayu amaperekedwa nthawi zitatu, ndipo amathandiza kwa nthawi yaitali. Nthawi zambiri anthu amapatsidwa katemerayu powabaya jakiseni. Ngati munthu ali kale m'dera lomwe chiwewe n'chofala, kawirikawiri angapatsidwe katemera wachiwewe wamphamvu kwambiri. Zimakhala bwino kuti anthu amene akudziwa kuti apita kumadera amene chiwewe n'chofala alandiriretu katemera asanapite kuderalo. Katemerayu ndi wothandiza kwa anthu ndi zinyama zomwe. Kupereka katemera kwa agalu n'kothandiza zedi popewa chiwewe. + +Kodi Katemerayu Amayambitsa Mavuto Alionse? +Anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri padziko lonse alandirapo katemera wachiwewe ndipo zikuoneka kuti chaka chilichonse katemerayu amathandiza kuti anthu 250,000 asafe ndi chiwewe. Anthu a misinkhu yonse akhoza kulandira katemerayu popanda vuto lililonse. Koma anthu pafupifupi 35 mpaka 45 pa 100 aliwonse amatha kutupa pang'ono komanso kwa nthawi yochedwa pamalo pamene abayidwa ndi jakiseni polandira katemerayi. Ndipo anthu 5 mpaka 15 pa 100 aliwonse amamva kuphwanya kwa thupi, kupweteka kwa mutu, kapenanso amachita nseru. Ndipotu munthu angathe kupitiriza kulandira katemerayu ngakhale atalumidwa ndi galu kapena nyama ina yachiwewe. Mitundu yambiri ya katemera sikhala ndi mankhwala otchedwa thimerosal. Katemera wopangidwa kuchokera kuminyewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena angapo, makamaka ku Asia ndi ku Latin America, koma katemera wotereyu siwamphamvu kwenikweni, ndipo amayambitsa mavuto ena m'thupi. Choncho Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse sililimbikitsa anthu kuti azigwiritsa ntchito katemera ameneyu. + +M'chaka cha 2014, mtengo wachipiku wa magawo onse a katemerayu unkayambira pa madola 44 mpaka 78 a ku America. Koma ku America, mtengo wa magawo onse a katemerayu ndi woposa madola 750. + +Zokhudza Kufalikira kwa Matendawa +Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 26,000 mpaka 55,000 amafa ndi matenda a chiwewe. Mwa anthu amenewa, anthu oposa 95 pa 100 alionse ndi a ku Asia ndi ku Africa. Matenda achiwewe akupezeka m'mayiko oposa 150 m'makontinenti onse, kungopatulapo ku Antarctica. Anthu oposa 3 biliyoni amakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansili kumene kuli chiwewe. M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndiponso ku Australia, chiwewe chimapezeka ndi mileme basi. Ndipo chiwewe sichipezeka n'komwe m'zilumba zambiri zing'onozing'ono. + +Malifalensi +Matenda oyambitsa khungu komanso matuza, omwenso amadziwika ndi mayina akuti khungu lakumtsinje ndiponso matenda a Robles, ndi matenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kanyongolosi kotchedwa Onchocerca volvulus. Zina mwa zizindikiro za matendawa n'zakuti munthu yemwe ali nawo amamva kuyabwa kwambiri, amatuluka matuza pakhungu, ndiponso amachita khungu. Matendawa ndi chinthu chachiwiri, kuwonjera pa ng'ala, chomwe chimachititsa anthu ambri khungu padziko lonse. + +Ntchentche zakuda za m'gulu la Simulium ndi zimene zimafalitsa tinyongolosi toyambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri kuti munthu afike podwala matendawa amafunika kulumidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi ntchentchezi. Ntchentche za mtundu umenewu zimapezeka pafupi ndi mtsinje, n'chifukwa chake dzina lina la matendawa ndi lakuti khungu la kumtsinje. Nyongolosi zoyambitsa matendawa zikalowa m'thupi mwa munthu, zimaikira mazira omwe omabwera kuseri kwa khungu la munthuyo. Ndiyeno munthuyo akalumidwanso ndi ntchentche ina yakuda, mazira aja amalowa m'thupi mwa ntchentcheyo. Pali njira zambiri zimene madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi nyongolosizi kapena mazira ake m'thupi kwake: njira yoyamba ndi kumuyeza pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a saline kenako n'kudikirira kuti nyongolosi ndi mazirawo zitulukire kunja kwa khungu, kuyang'ana m'maso mwa munthuyo ngati muli nyongolosi kapena mazira ake, ndiponso kuyang'ana m'matudza a pakhungu ngati muli nyongolosi. + +Padakali pano palibe katemera woteteza kumatendawa. Koma munthu angawapewe ngati atamayesetsa kuti asalumidwe ndi ntchentche. Ndipo zinthu zimene zingamuthandize kuti asalumidwe ndi kudzola mafuta othamangitsa tizilombo ndiponso kuvala zovala zimene zingachititse kuti ntchentche isathe kumuluma. Zinanso zimene munthu angachite n'kupopera mankhwala opha tizilombo m'malo amene ntchentchezo imapezeka zambiri. Akuluakulu azaumoyo m'madera ena padzikoli akuyesetsa kuti athane ndi matendawa, ndipo akuchita zimenezi popereka mankhwala kwa anthu onse m'maderawo, kawiri pachaka. Koma anthu omwe nyongolosi zoyambitsa matendawa kapena mazira ake zalowa kale m'thupi mwawo amapatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa ivermectin pa miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse. Mankhwala amenewa amapheratu mazira koma osati nyongolosi. Ndipo mankhwala ena otchedwa doxycycline, omwe amapha tizilombo tina tamtundu wa mabakiteriya otchedwa Wolbachia, amafooketsa kwambiri nyongolosi zoyambitsa matenda a khungu ndi matudzazi, ndipo madokotala ena amalimbikitsa odwala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amenewa. Komanso opaleshoni yochotsa matuza ndi nsungu pakhungu imathandizanso. + +Padziko lonse, anthu pafupifupi 17 mpaka 25 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a khungu la kumtsinje, ndipo mwa anthu amenewa, pafupifupi 1 miliyoni maso awo anachita khungu. Ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi matendawa ndi a m'mayiko a kumwera kwa chipululu cha Saharan ku Africa, ndipo matendawa akufalikiranso ku Yemen ndi m'madera ena a ku Central ndi South America. Mu 1915, dokotala wina wotchedwa Rodolfo Robles anatulukira kuti nyongolosi ndi zimene zimayambitsa matenda amenewa. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse linaika matendawa pa m'ndandanda wa matenda amene akunyalanyazidwa kwambiri m'mayiko otentha. + +Malifalensi +Khate, lomwenso limatchedwa matenda a Hansen (HD), ndi okhalitsa omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya otchedwaMycobacterium laprae ndiponso Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Kawirikawiri tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikalowa m'thupi, pamatenga nthawi yombira pa zaka 5 mpaka 20 kuti zizindikiro za matendawa ziyambe kuonekera.Zina mwa zizindikiro zake ndi kutupa kwa malo amene mwadutsa minyewa, kutupa kwa ziwalo zothandiza kupuma, kutupa kwa khungu ndiponso maso. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti wodwalayo asamamve ululu, zomwe zimachititsa kuti azivulala mobwerezabwereza mpaka ziwalo zina kuduka, kapenanso azikhala ndi zolonda zosapola. Nthawi zina wodwalayo amakhala wofooka ndipo saona bwinobwino. + +Matenda a khate ndi opatsirana. Zikuoneka kuti munthu amene ali ndi matendawa angapatsire ena potsokomola kapena ngati anthu enawo angakhudze mamina a munthuyo. Kawirikawiri anthu osauka ndi amene amadwala khate ndipo zikuoneka kuti amapatsirana kwambiri poyetsemula. Koma mosiyana ndi zimene anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, sikuti matendawa amafalikira kwa anthu ena mosavuta. Matendawa ali m'magulu awiri akuluakulu potengera kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa tizilombo timene tawayambitsa, monga: pauchibacillary ndi multbacillary. Magulu awiri a matendawa amasiyanitsidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa malo otuwa ndiponso malo amene khungu lafa. Ngati nthendayo ili m'gulu la paucibacillary, malo otuwa kapena amene khungu lafa amakhala osapitirira pa 5, ndipo ngati ili m'gulu la multibacillary, malowo amakhala oposa pa 5. Pofuna kutsimikizira ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, madokotala amayeza kuti aone ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikupezeka pakhungu la munthuyo kapenanso amayeza DNA yake pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera. + +Matenda a khate ndi ochiritsika ndipo mankhwala a mitundu ingapo amaphatikizidwa polimbana ndi matendawa. Mankhwala omwe amachiritsa khate la m'gulu la paucibacillary amatchedwa dapsone ndi rifampicin ndipo wodwala amayenera kulandira thandizoli kwa miyezi 6. Pomwe mankhwala a khate la m'gulu la multibacillary ndi rifampicin, dapsone, ndiponso clofazimine ndipo amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi 12. Chithandizo cha mankhwala amenewa n'chaulere ndipo chimaperekedwa ndi Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse. Munthu amene akudwala matendawa angapatsidwenso mankhwala ena osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi mabakiteriya. M'chaka cha 2012, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala khate padziko lonse chinali 89,000, ndipo chiwerengerochi n'chochepa tikayerekezera ndi anthu 5.2 miliyoni omwe anali ndi matendawa m'zaka za m'ma 1980. Ndipo anthu atsopano amene anayamba kudwala matendawa m'chakachi anali 230,000. Ambiri mwa anthu amenewa anali a m'mayiko 16. Pamayiko amenewo, anthu ochuluka zedi kuposa hafu ya anthu atsopano amene anayamba kudwala matendawa anali a ku India. Pa zaka 20 zapitazi, anthu 16 miliyoni padziko lonse achira matenda a khate. Ndipo pafupifupi anthu 200 amapezeka ndi matenda a khate chaka chilichonse m'dziko la United States. + +Anthu akhala akuvutika ndi matenda a khate kwa zaka masauzande ambirimbiri. Mawu achingelezi amene pa Chichewa tawamasulira kuti khate, anachokera kumawu a Chilatini akuti lepra, omwe amatanthauza "mamba", ndipo mawu akuti "matenda a Hansen" anachokera kudzina la dokotala wotchedwa Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Kutenga anthu odwala khate n'kumawasiya m'nyumba zosungira odwala matendawa kukuchitikabe m'madera ena monga ku India, China, ndiponso ku Africa. Komabe, nyumba zambiri zosungira odwala khate zatsekedwa chifukwa anthu ayamba kuzindikira kuti matendawa sangafalikire kwa anthu ena mwachisawawa.Kuyambira kale kwambiri, anthu akhala a Kusalana ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti anthu ena akaona kuti mwina ali ndi khate, asamapite kuchipatala n'kulandira chithandizo mofulumira. Ndipo ena amaona kuti mawu akuti "wakhate" ndi onyoza, poyerekezera ndi mawu kuti "munthu amene ali ndi vuto la khate". Tsiku Loganizira za Matenda Akhate Padziko Lonse linakhazikitsidwa mu 1954 n'cholinga chothandiza anthu kudziwa zambiri za matendawa. + +Malifalensi +Zilonda zapakhungu zomwe pa Chingelezi zimatchedwa Leishmaniasis kapenanso leishmaniosis, ndi matenda amene amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ta m'gulu la mapulotozowa otchedwa Leishmania ndipo tizilomboti zimafalitsidwa ndi ntchentche zinazake zoluma. Matendawa angagawidwe m'magulu atatu: zilonda zazikulu, zilonda zamafinya, ndiponso zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwathupi. Matenda a m'gulu loyambalo amadziwika chifukwa cha kukula kwa zilonda zake, pomwe a m'gulu lachiwirilo amadziwika ndi zilonda zamafinya pakhungu, m'kamwa ndiponso m'phuno, pomwe gulu lomalizalo limadziwika ndi zilonda zapakhungu, kuphwanya thupi, kuchepa kwa masero ofiira m'thupi, ndiponso kutupa kwa kapamba ndi chiwindi. + +Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi mitundu yoposa 20 ya tizilombo totchedwa Leishmania. Zinthu zinanso zimene zimachititsa kuti matendawa afalikire kwambiri ndi umphawi, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndiponso kuchulukana kwa anthu m'matauni. Madokotala angadziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa, mtundu uliwonse pa mitundu itatu ija, ngati ataunika chilonda cha munthuyo ndi makina oonera zinthu zosaoneka ndi maso kuti aone tizilomboto. Kuwonjezera pamenepa, matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za mkati mwa thupi angadziwike ngati madokotala atayeza magazi a munthu amene akuoneka kuti akudwala. + +Anthu angapewe matendawa ngati atamagona m'maneti onyikidwa m'mankhwala. Zinthu zinanso zimene zingathandize munthu kupewa matendawa ndi kupopera mankhwala opha tizilombo touluka monga ntchentche, komanso ngati kulandira thandizo lakuchipatala akangoyamba kumene kudwala n'cholinga choti matendawa asafalikire. Madokotala amapereka mankhwala oyenerera kwa wodwala potengera malo amene watengera matendawo, mtundu wa tizilombo ta Leishmania timene tayambitsa matendawa, komanso mtundu wa matendawo. Ena mwa mankhwala amene amathandiza kuchiza matenda a zilonda zapakhungu la ziwalo za m'kati mwathupi ndi liposomal amphotericin B, komanso mankhwala a pentavalent antimonials kuwaphatikiza ndi a paromomycin , ndi Miltefosine. Ndipo zilonda zikuluzikulu za pakhungu zingachiritsidwe ndi paromomycin, fluconazole, kapenanso pentamidine. + +Panopa, pali anthu pafupifupi 12 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matendawa m'mayiko okwana 98. Ndipo chaka chilichonse, anthu atsopano okwana pafupifupi 2 miliyoni amatenga matendawa ndipo anthu oyambira pa 20 mpaka 50 sauzande amamwalira ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse. Anthu pafupifupi 200 miliyoni a ku Asia, Africa, South ndi Central America, ndiponso m'mayiko ena a kummwera kwa Ulaya akukhala m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonsen limagula mankhwala a matendawa pa mtengo wotsikirapo n'cholinga choti anthu omwe akudwala azilandira thandizo mosavuta. Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kugwira zinyama zosiyanasiyana, monga agalu, makoswe, mbewa, mbira, ndi zina zotero. + +Malifalensi +Frederick McFeely "Fred" Rogers (March 20, 1928 – February 27, 2003), imene mwaukadaulo monga Mister Rogers, ndi American woimba. + +United States +Kim Il-sung ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la North Korea kuyambira 1972-1994. +George Walker Bush ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2009. + +United States +George Herbert Walker Bush ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira 1989 mpaka 1993. + +United States +Mtsinje wa Potomac ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 590 km. + +Potomac +United States +Mtsinje wa Hudson ndi mtsinje wa ku United States. + +Mulitali: 506 km. + +Hudson +United States +Rodrigo Roa Duterte ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Philippines kuyambira 2016. +Xi Jinping ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la China kuyambira 2012. + +China +Mao Zedong ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la China kuyambira 1954 mpaka 1959. + +China +Adolf Hitler anali mtsogoleri wa dziko la Germany kuyambira muzaka za 1934 mpakana 1945. Adolf analinso mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Nazi, ndipo anakhala Chancellor wa Germany mu chaka cha 1933 ndiponso Führer (fyula) mu chaka cha 1934. Muzaka zomwe iye anali mtsogoleri, anayambitsa nkhondo yachiwiri yadziko lonse pamene ankhondo ake analowa mu dziko la Poland pa 1 Seputembala mu chaka cha 1939. Iye anali akuyang'anila zonse zochitika munkhondoyi ndipo ndi amene anatsogolera kuti anthu achiyuda okwana 6 miliyoni aphedwe. + +Hilter anabadwila ku Austria - ndipo anakulira kumalo apafupi ndi dera la Linz. Iye anapita ku Germany mu chaka cha 1913 ndipo analandila nyota chifukwa cha kuzipereka kwake pakumenya nkhondo mbali ya Germany mu nkhondo yoyamba yayikulu. Iye analowa chipani cha German Workers' Party (DAP) nkhondo itatha. Hilter anasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa chipani cha Nazi mu chaka cha 1921. Mu chaka cha 1923, iye anayesela kulanda boma la Germany mu mzinda wa Munich koma analephera ndipo anamagidwa ndikupasidwa zaka zisanu mundende. Ali mundende iye analemba buku lake la moyo wake lotchedwa Mein Kampf (kulimbana kwanga). Anatulutsidwa mu ndende mu chaka cha 1924. Hilter anapeza anthu omutsatila ambiri chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa Versailles, kukondera Germany yokha, kudana ndi anthu achiyuda ndi achikomunisti ndiponse kuyankhula kwake kwa mbalume ndi chikoka. Iye anamayankhula zambiri zokhuza chikomunisti kuti zinali zopangidwa ndi anthu achiyuda. + +Hilter anakhazikitsidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa Germany ndipo anapatsidwa mphamvu zonse kulamulila Germany mu chaka cha 1933. Iye anali ndi ganizo lothamangitsa Ayuda onse mu Germany. Mu zaka zoyambiira za ulamuliro wake Hilter anabweretsa chitukuko zimene zinapangitsa anthu ambiri ku Germany kumutsatila. Iye analandanso madela amene kumakhala anthu ena achiGerman mumayiko oyandikana nawo zomwe zinasangalatsa anthu ambiri. Iye anakhazikitsanso ntchito yopanga zida za nkhondo, ndege zomenyela nkhondo komanso sitima zapamadzi. + +Ankhondo aku Germany analowa mu poland muchaka ch 1939 zimene zinapangitsa Britain ndi France kulowelera. Iye analamulanso ankhondo ake kulowa mu dziko la Soviet union. Kumapeto a chaka cha 1941, asilikali a Germany anali akalanda madela ambiri aku Ulaya komanso kumpoto kwa afrika. Koma zonsezi zinasintha mu chaka cha 1945 pamene asilikali a German anagonjetsedwa. Pa 29 Apulo mu chaka cha 1945, Hilter anakwatila chibwenzi chake cha nthawi yayitali Eva Braun ku Berlin atangokhala masiku ochepa kuti adziphe. Mumasiku awiri atangokwatilana, Hilter ndi mkazi wake anadzipha kuwopa kugwidwa ndi ankhondo aku Soviet omwe anali atafika kale mu mzinda wa Berlin. Matupi awo anawotchedwa. + +Germany +Nicolas Sarkozy ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la France kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012. +Español, pa Chichewa amati Chispanezi, ndi chilankhulo cha azungu ochokela ku Spain. + +Chilankhulo +Bear Brand ndi mtundu wa mkaka wa ufa ndi mkaka wosabala kuti wodarilika ndi wa Nestlé, iwo chogulitsidwa mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa Asia. +Tsamba lino ndi ndandanda wa alembi amene analembapo ndi kusindikiza chisindikizo (buku) mu ciNyanja (Chichewa). + +MaNovelo + +Za Moyo wa Munthu + +Nkhani zosapeka + +Gwero +Gwero la ndemanga za mu tsamba lino ndi zisindikizo zotsatirazi: +Muhammad (Arabic: محمد) ( c 570 CE - 632 CE June 8.) ali woyambitsa wa Islam. +Iye chikudziwika ngati "Mtumiki woyela" kwa Asilamu pafupifupi onse amene kuti iyeyo mneneri wotsiriza wotumidwa ndi Mulungu kwa anthu kubwezeretsa Islam. + +kubadwa +Muhammad anabadwa pafupifupi 570 CE mu mzinda Arabia wa Mecca. bambo dzina Abdullah ndi mayi dzina Amina. + +Mecca moyo + +Ubwana +Atate anamwalira miyezi 6 pamaso Muhammad anabadwa. Ndili ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Muhammad mayi ake anamwalira Amina. kufikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, Muhammad anali pansi pa woyang'anira wa agogo ake Abdul Muttalib. Mu m'badwo wa achinyamata,Muhammad anayenda ku Syria malonda. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe kupereka dzina labwino "Al-Amin", kutanthauza "woona mtima ndiponso wokhulupirika," ndi "al-Sadiq," kutanthauza "choonadi". + +vumbulutso loyamba + +Pamene iye anali ndi zaka 40, anali maola ambiri mu pemphero ndi kuganiza za chilengedwe. Muhammad ndi kuganizira chiwawa, chilungamo wamba mwa mitundu kudya. Mu hira phanga mngelo jibril anakaonekera Muhammad. jibril anati "Werengani", koma Muhammad anayankha "sinditha kuwerenga". mngelo kum'gwira iye namfungatira. Muhammad limanena Quranic ndime. Izi ndi vumbulutso loyamba. + +Gwero + + Islam +Santiago ndi boma lina la dziko la Chile. + +Chile +Valparaiso + +Chile +Islam ndi chipembedzo monotheistic. +ndikukhulupirira wa Islam ndi "Only Mulungu (Allah)". Muhammad ndi mthenga. Islam ndi chipembedzo cha dziko yachiwiri yaikulu kwambiri. Islam ndi chipembedzo cha kukula mofulumira. + +Concept wa Mulungu + +Mulungu akufotokozedwa m'mutu 112 la Qur'an motere:"Iye ndi Mulungu, Amene ndi Only Mulungu, Wamuyaya, Mtheradi. Iye begetteth ayi, kapena mwini. Palibe wina wonga iye." + +Aneneri +The Qur'an akutchula maina a kanjedza ambiri ankaona aneneri mu Islam, kuphatikizapo Adam, Nowa, Abulahamu, Mose ndi Yesu Kristu, ndi ena. Muhammad ndi mneneri omaliza. + +Gwero + + Islam +Zathu ikumangilira wayilesi, manyuzi, internet ndi zonse zokonda achisodzera M’malawi muno powapatsila show pawayilesi, nyimbo zomvera komanso nyimbo zapakanema. + +Kuyambila pa 24 April sabata iliyonse Zathu Pawayilesi iziwulutsa maprogramu ake pa nyumba zinayi zowulutsa mawu: MBC Radio 2, Zodiak, Yoneco FM ndi Voice of Livingstonia. + +Paphata penipeni pa ‘Zathu’ pali anthu 6 omwe akuyimila achinyamata muno Mmalawi monga: T-Reel- (Ovuta), Annetti (Wopulumuka m’mazunzo), Mphatso (Wolimba mtima), JP(Wosachedwa kukhuzidwa), Xander (Wamtima wabwino) ndi Chikondi (Wamaloto akuya). + +Zathu pawayilesi ndi pulogalamu yomwe ili ndi sewero losanthula moyo wa achinyamata amene ayamba kupeza maubwezi ndi kutsatila maloto awo. Ilinso ndi nyimbo kuchokela ku band ya Zathu ndi maCelebu ena. + +Palinso malangizo mu ‘Talk Show’ kuchokela kwa anthu achitsanzo (role models) muno M’malawi. Palinso “Gogo” yemwe akuyankha mafunso achinyamata komanso kupeleka malangizo.. + +Akukupatsilani pulogalamuyi ndi Lily B ndi DJ Goxy + +Tsamba la painternet ya ‘Zathu’ www.zathu.mw mutha kulipeza pa facebook mwaulere, limenenso lizayambe kupezeka pa 17 April, 2017. Zathu ndiyathuyathu a Malawi ndipo ikupangidwa ndi a Malawi ndi thandizo lochokera ku Girl Effect. + +Discography +Nyimbo yomvera ndi kuonera, nkuphatikiza ndi sewero inatulutsidwa mu April, 2017. +Šiprage (Шипраге) ndi boma la Bosnia ndi Herzegovina. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 788 (2013). + +Latitudo: 44°27'56″ +Longitudo: 17°33'36″ +Altitudo: 507-520 m + +Kwa nyengo + +Reference + +Weblink + + http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ +http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia +http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ +http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx +http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia +http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ +http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx +http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H +Bosnia ndi Herzegovina +South African Rand ndi ndalama mu South Africa. +Matenda oyamba chifukwa cha uchembere, omwenso amadziwika kuti matenda oyamba ndi ubereki, kuphwanya thupi chifukwa chobereka kapena kuphwanya thupi kwa ubereki, amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo ta bakiteriya tomwe talowa m'chiberekero pa nthawi imene mayi amabereka mwana kapena pamene wapititsa padera. Kawirikakwiri zizindikiro zake zimakhala kuphwanya thupi kutentha thupi, kuzizidwa, kumva kumwateka m'mimba, ndipo nthawi zina kutulutsa fungo loipa kukha kumaliseche. Nthawi zambiri zimenezi zimachitika pakangotha maola 24 mayi atabereka kapena kupititsa padera, mpaka kufika pa masiku 10. + +Kawirikawiri tizilombo toyambitsa matendati timalowa m'chiberekero ndipo timathanso kukhudza mbali zina zoyandikna ndi chiberekerocho kapena zozungulira chiberekerocho. Zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti mavutowa ayambe mosavuta ndi monga kuchitidwa opaleshoni, bakiteriya wamtundu winawake wotchedwa streptococcus wa gulu B akalowa kumaliseche, khungu la mkati mwa chiberekero likayamba kuchoka nthawi yake isanakwane, ndiponso ngati padutsa nthawi yaitali kwambiri ululu wa pobereka utayamba koma mwana sakutuluka, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo kawirikakwiri mavutowa amakhala oti ayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wa mitundu ingapo yosiyanasiyana. Madokotala amatha kudziwa mitundu ya mabakiteriya imene yayambitsa mavutowo ngati ayeza timadzi ta kumaliseche kapena magazi. Amayi omwe sakuchira matendawo ngakhale kuti alandira thandizo amafunika kuwayezanso bwinobwino. Zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa kuti amayi azidwala akangobereka kumene ndi izi: kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mkaka m'mabere, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe talowa kumaliseche, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe talowa m'mimba m'mimba ndi m'chiberekero. + +Chifukwa cha mavuto amene angakhalepo mayi akachitidwa opaleshoni, madokotala amalimbikitsa zoti mayi aliyense azipatsidwa mankhwala othandiza thupi kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga a ampicillin pa nthawi imene akuchitidwa opaleshoni. Palinso mankhwala othandiza kumatenda odziwika bwino ndipo munthu amatha kupeza bwino pakangopita masiku awiri kapena atatu basi atalandira mankhwalawa. Kwa amayi amene sakupeza bwino koma matendawo sanafike povuta, mankhwala okumwa othandiza thupi kulimbana ndi tizilombo angathandize, koma ngati vutolo likuoneka kuti ndi lalikulu jakisoni wa mankhwalawo angakhale wothandiza kwambiri. Mankhwala omwe amapezeka mosavuta ndi monga ampicillin ndiponso gentamicin ndipo amathandiza ngati mayi wabereka m'njira yachibadwa, ndipo mankhwala a clindamycin ndiponso a gentamicin angathandize ngati mayi wachitidwa opaleshoni pobereka. Koma kwa amayi omwe sakuchira ngakhale kuti apatsidwa thandizo la mankhwala oyenererera, ndi bwino kuwayeza kuti zidziwike ngati ali ndi chotupa chomwe chachita mafinya mkati mwawo. + +M'mayiko olemera, pafupifupi mayi m'modzi kapena awiri pa 100 alionse amadwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tomwe talowa m'nthupi pa nthawi imene amabereka m'njira yachibadwa. Chiwerengerochi chimakwera n'kufika 5 mpaka 13 kwa amayi amene anali ndi mavuto ena pobereka mwachibadwa, komanso chimafika pa hafu ya amayi onse amene abereka mochita kupangidwa opaleshoni ndipo sanapatsidwe mankhwala othandiza thupi kulimbana ndi tizilombo. Zimenezi zinachititsa imfa zokwana 24,000 m'chaka cha 2013, ndipo chiwerengerochi n'chotsika tikayerekezera ndi imfa zokwana 34,000 zomwe zinachitika mu 1990. Nthawi yoyamba imene matenda oterewa anayamba kudziwika ndi kale kwambiri, zaka za m'ma 400 BCE, ndipo anatchulidwa m'zinthu zimene Hippocrates analemba. Matenda amene amayamba mayi akangobereka kumene ankapha anthu ambiri kuyambira cha m'ma 1700 mpaka cha m'ma 1930, ndipo zinthu zinasintha pamene azachipatala anapeza mankhwala othandiza thupi kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. M'chaka cha 1847 m'dziko la Austria, Ignaz Semmelweiss anayamba kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azisamba m'manja ndi chlorine ndipo zimenezi zinathandiza kuti imfa zochitika chifukwa cha matenda zichepe kuchokera pa anthu 20 pa 100 alionse kufika pa anthu awiri okha pa anthu 100 alionse. + +Malifalensi +Mdulidwe wa amayi,'''''''''''''''''' malinga ndi Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse, ndi "ndondomeko yodula kapena kuchotsa mbali ina kapena gawo lonse la kachiwalo komwe kamakhala kunja kwa maliseche a munthu wamkazi, kapena kuvulaza ngakhalenso kudula kumalo obisika a munthu wamkazi pa zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi zachipatala." Mdulidwe wa amayi umachitika ngati mbali ya chikhalidwe pakati pa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana mu mayiko 27 a kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara ndiponso Kumpoto Chakummawa kwa Africa, ndipo mwa apo ndi apo, mdulidwewu umachitikanso ku Asia, ku Middle East ndiponso m'mayiko ena pakati pa anthu amene angosamulira m'mayikowo. Msinkhu umene munthu wamkazi amachitidwa mdulidwewu umasiyanasiyana, kuyambira pakangopita masiku ochepa mwanayo atabadwa kufika pa nthawi imene watha msinkhu; ndi pa hafu ya miyiko amene chiwerengero cha anthu ake chikudziwika bwino, atsikana ambiri amadulidwa asanakwanitse zaka 5. + +Mdulidwewu umachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyananso potengera mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ena amachotsa gawo chabe kapena kachiwalo konse kooneka ngati nyemba ndiponsokhungu la pamwamba pa kachiwaloka; gawo chabe kapena kachiwalo konse kooneka ngati nyemba ndi milomo yamkati yakumaliseche; ndipo ena amafika pochotsa (milomo yonse yakumaliseche) kapena gawo lake la mkati ndi milomo yakunja ndi khungu lomwe limatseka pa khomo la njira yolowera chida cha abambo. Njira yomaliza ya mdulidweyi, yomwe Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse limaitcha Mtundu Wachitatu wa Mdulidwe wa Amayi, amasiya kabowo koti pazitulukira mkodzo ndi magazi pa nthawi yosamba, ndipo njira yolowera chida cha abambo imatsegulidwa kuti chidacho chizilowapo pa nthawi yogonana komanso kuti kuzitulukira mwana pa nthawi yobereka. Mavuto okhudzana ndi umoyo amene amatsatirapo amatengera kwambiri njira imene inagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita mdulidwewo, ndipo ena mwa mavutowo ndi matenda osatherapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo tomwe talowa pachilondacho, ululu waukulu, matuza, kusathanso kutenga pakati, kukumana ndi mavuto ambiri pobereka, ndiponso kumwalira chifukwa chotaya magazi ambiri. + +Mdulidwewu umachitika pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga kuona amayi ngati anthu otsika, kufuna kupondereza amayi pa nkhani zogonana, miyamba yokhudza kuyeretsedwa, kudzisunga, ndiponso maonekedwe. Amayi akuluakulu ndi amene nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa mdulidwewu komanso kudula atsikana ndipo amaona kuti munthu akadulidwe amalemekezedwa, komanso amachita izi poopa kuti ngati ana awo aakazi ndiponso adzukulu awo aakazi sadulidwa, ndiye kuti azisalidwa. Amayi ndi atsikana opsa 130 miliyoni anachitidwa mdulidwe m'mayiko 29 amene mdulidwe wa amayi ndi wofala kwambiri. Ndipo amayi ndi atsikana opitirira pa 8 miliyoni anachitidwa mdulidwe wochotseratu gawo la kunja kwa maliseche awo, ndipo ambiri amayi ndi atsikanawa ndi a m'mayiko a Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia, ndi Sudan. + +Mdulidwe wa amayi ndi woletsedwa mwalamulo m'mayiko ambiri amene mdulidwewu umachitika, koma malamulowo satsatiridwa. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1970, mayiko ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi akhala akulimbikitsa anthu kuti asiye kuchita mdulidwe wa amayi, ndipo mu 2012, pa Msonkhano Waukulu wa Bungwe la United Nations, anagwirizana zoti kuchita mdulidwe wa amayi ndi kuphwana ufulu. Komabe pali anthu ena amene akutsutsa zoti mdulidwewu uthetsedwe, makamaka akatswiri oona za chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya anhu. Eric Silverman analemba kuti nkhani zokhudza mdulidwe wa amayi ndi zimene akatswiriwa akumazikonda kwambiri ndipo zimenezi zachititsa kuti anthu ena aziona kuti kuthetsa mchitidwewu ndi kuphwanya ufulu ndi chikhalidwe cha mitundu ina ya anthu, ena ayamba kuona kuti mchitidwewu ndi wovomerezeka ndipo munthu aliyense ali ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wochita mdulidwewu. + +Malifalensi +Mawu akuti kubereka mwana, omwenso ndi ofanana ndi akutiubereki, amatanthauza mapeto a mimba kapena pakati ndipo mwana m'modzikapena angapo abadwa kuchokera m'chiberekero cha mayi. M'chaka cha 2015, padziko lonse pansi panabadwa ana pafupifupi 135 miliyoni. Ana pafupifupi 15 miliyoni anabadwa milungu 37 asanathe, ndipo ana oyambira pa 3 mpaka 12 peresenti anabadwa patadutsa milungu 42. M'mayiko olemera ana ambiri amabadwira kuchipatala, pomwe m'mayiko amene akukwera kumene ana ambiri amabadwira panyumba mothandizidwa ndi azamba. + +Njira yofala kwambiri yoberekera mwana ndi yomwe mwana amatuluka m'njira yachibadwa. Pamakhala magawo atatu kuti mwana abadwe m'njira imeneyi: kuchepa kwa khomo lachiberekero ndi kutseguka kwa khomo lachiberekero, ndiponso kubadwa kwa mwana, ndiponso kutuluka kwa thumba limene munali mwana. Gawo loyambali nthawi zambiri limachitika kwa maola oyambira pa 12 mpaka 19, gawo lachiwiri limachitika kwa nthawi yoyambira pa maminitsi 20 mpaka maola awiri, ndipo gawo lachitatu limachitika kwa maminitsi 5 mpaka kufika pa maminitsi 30. Gawo loyambali limayamba ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba kapena msana kwa masekandi 30 ndipo izi zimachitika pa maminitsi 10 mpaka 30 aliwonse. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ululuwu umachitika pafupipafupi komanso umawonjezereka. M'gawo lachiwiri, minofu imayamba kukungika ndipo imatha kuyamba kukankha mwanayo kuti atuluke. M'gawo lachitatu kumugwira kapena kumusisita pamchomba mayiyo kwa nthawi ndithu kuti azimvako bwino. Pali njira zambiri zimene zingathandize kuti mayi asamve kwambiri ululu monga kumuthandiza kuti mtima wake ukhale m'malo, kumupatsa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, ndiponso kumuika timiyala tosalala pamsana. + +Ana ambiri akamabadwa, mutu ndi umene umayambirira kutuluka; komabe ana 4 pa 100 alionse, miyendo kapena matako ndi amene amayambirira kutuluka, ndipo zimenezi zimatchedwa kubadwa koyambira kumunsi. Mayi akayamba kumva ululu woti akhoza kubereka, palibe vuto lililonse ngati atasankha kuti adye chakudya kapena kuyendayenda, koma mayi wotere salimbikitsidwa kuti ayambe kukankha kuti mwana atuluke kapena kuti mutu wa mwana utuluke, ndiponso sibwino kuti pa nthawiyi apatsidwe mankhwala othandiza kuti mwanayo abadwe mosavuta. Ngakhale kuti madokotala ena amakonda kucheka kapena kung'amba njira yoberekera pofuna kuikulitsa, nthawi zambiri zimenezi zimakhala zosafunika. Mu 2012, amayi pafupifupi 23 miliyoni anabereka powachita opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri madokotala amatha kuona kuti opaleshoni ikufunika ngati m'mimba mwa mayiyo muli mapasa, mwana wosabadwayo akuoneka kuti ali ndi mavuto ambiri, kapena ngati miyendo kapena matako a mwanaya ndi amene angayambirire kutuluka. Ngati mayi wabereka m'njira imeneyi, pangatenge nthawi yaitali kuti chilonda chake chipole bwinobwino. + +Chaka chilichonse, amayi pafupifupi 500,000 amamamwalira ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi uchembere imfa zauchembere, ndipo amayi 7 miliyoni amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu osatherapo, komanso amayi 50 miliyoni amakhala ndi mavuto ena. Ochuluka mwa mavuto amenewa amachitika kwa amayi a m'mayiko amene akukwera kumene. Ena mwa mavuto amene amayiwa amakumana nawo amakhala kusalandira thandizo loyenera pobereka, kutaya magazi ambiri, kukomoka, ndiponso kutenga matenda ena chifukwa chosasamaliridwa bwino pobereka. Ndipo mwana amene akubadwayo amatha kukhala ndi mavuto ena, monga kubanika. + +Malifalensi +Mawu akuti kuchotsa mimba akutanthauza moyo wa mwana pochititsa kuti mwanayo achoke kapena achotsedwe m'chiberekero nthawi yake isanakwane. Nthawi zina mimba imatha kuchoka yakha, ndipo zikatere amati mayi wapita padera. Nthawi zina munthu angasankhe zoti athetse moyo wa mwana wosabadwa ndipo zimenezi zikachitika, ndiye kuti wachotsa mimba. Mawu akuti kuchotsa mimba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene munthu wachita kusankha yekha kuti athese moyo wa mwana wosabadwa. Ngati madokotala achotsa m'mimba mwa mayi mwana yemwe anatsala pang'ono kubadwa ndipo moyo wa mwanayo wathera pomwepo, amati "achotsa mimba mochedwa." + +Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ntchito zachipatala, madokotala amatha kuchita opaleshoni kapena kupereka mankhwala kwa mayi woyembekezera kuti mimba ichoke. Mankhwala a mitundu iwiri, omwe ndi mifepristone ndi prostaglandin ndi othandiza kwambiri mofanana ndi opaleshoni pa ndondomeko yoyamba yochotsera mimba. Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kumathandiza pa ndondomeko yachiwiri yochotsera mimba, opaleshoni ndi yomwe ikuoneka kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Njira zolera, kuphatikizapo mapilisi ndiponso kachipangizo kotchinga m'chiberekero zingathe kuyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito munthu akangochotsa mimba. Kuchotsa mimba m'mayiko otukuka kumaonedwa kuti kuli m'gulu la njira zabwino kwambiri zachipatala ngati malamulo a dzikolo kuchotsa mimba. Kuchotsa mimba m'njira yovomerezeka ndi achipatala sikukhala ndi mavuta alionse aakulu okhudza kaganizidwe kapena thanzi la munthu. Bungwe Loona Zaumoyo Padziko Lonse likuyesetsa kuti amayi onse padziko lapansili akhale ndi mwayi wotsatira njira zachipatala zosaopsa pochotsa mimba. Kuchotsa mimba m'njira yosatetezeka kumachititsa kuti amayi pafupifupi 47,000 azimwalira ndiponso kuti amayi 5 miliyoni azigonekedwa m'chipatala chaka chilichonse. + +Chaka chilichonse, moyo wa ana osabadwa okwana pafupifupi 44 miliyoni umathetsedwa mwa kuchotsa mimba padziko lonse, ndipo theka la anthu amene amachotsa mimbayo amachita zimenezi m'njira yosatetezeka. Koma kuyambira mu 2003 mpaka mu 2008, chiwerengero cha kuchotsa mimba chinasintha pang'ono, pambuyo poti zaka zambiri zadutsa anthu akukanizidwa mwayi wamaphunziro okhudza kulalera ndiponso njira zolererazo zomwe zikupezeka mosavuta tsopano. Komanso amayi 40 pa 100 alionse ali ndi mwayi wothetsa moyo wamwana wosabadwa m'njira yovomerezeka ndi lamulo "popanda zoletsa". Komabe, pali zifukwa zina zimene zimachititsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuthetsa moyo wa ana ena osabadwa. + +Anthu anayamba kale kwambiri kuchotsa mbiri. Anthu akhala akutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana pochotsa mimba, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala azitsamba, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zakuthwa, kuzunza mayi kuti abereke mwana wakufa, ndiponso njira za m'midzi ndipo zimenezi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kale kwambiri. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi malamulo okhudza kuchotsa mimba, kuchuluka kwa ana osabadwa amene moyo wawo ungathetsedwe, ndponso chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo zimasiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyananso padzikoli. Zinthu zina zimene zingachititse kuti kuchotsa mimba kukhale kovomerezeka mwalamulo ndi kugonana kwa pachibale, kugwiriridwa, ngati mwana wosabadwa ali ndi mavuto aakulu, mavuto okhudza chisamaliro ndiponso zachuma kapena moyo wa mayi uli pachiopsezo. M'madera ambiri padzikoli anthu kusiyana maganizopotengera zinthu mongachikhalidwe, ndiponso nkhani zokhudza malamulo. Komanso pali anthu amene sagwirizana ndi kuchotsa mimba ndipo amanena kuti mwana wosabadwayo ndi munthu ndipo ali ndi ufulu wokhala moyo ndipo amanena kuti kuchotsa mimba n'chimodzimodzi ndi kupha munthu. Koma anthu amene amane amagwirizana ndi olimbikitsa kuchotsa mimba amanena kuti mayi ali ndi ufulu wosankha zochita ndi chilichonse chimene chili m'thupi mwake ndiponso amalimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu onse. + +Malifalensi +Mawu akuti pakati, mimba kapena pathupi, akutanthauza nthawi imene mwana kapena ana ali m'mimba mwa mayi. Kukhala ndi pakati pa ana angapo nthawi imodzi kumathanthauza kuti mayiyo angabereke mapasa. Mayi angakhale ndi pakati ngati wagonana ndi mwamuna kapena ngati wathandizidwa ndi njira zina zachipatala. Nthawi zambiri pamadutsa milungu milungu 40 (miyezi 10) kuchokera pa nthawi yomaliza imene mayi anasamba kufika poti abereke mwana. Tinganene kuti pamadutsa nthawi yokwana milungu 38 kuchokera pamene mbewu a abambo inakumana ndi mbewu ya amayi. An embryo is the developing offspring during the first 8 weeks following conception after which the term fetus is used until birth. Zina mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za pakati zingakhale kusasamba nthawi yosambayo ikakwana, kufewa kwa mabere, kuchita nseru ndi kusanza, kumva njala pafupipafupi, ndiponso kukodza pafupipafupi. Mayi angafunikire kukayezetsa kuchipatala kuti atsimikizire ngati ali ndi pakati. + +Pali magawo atatu a pakati. Gawo loyamba likuyambira mlungu woyamba, pamene mbewu ya abambo yakumana ndi mbewu ya amayi, mpaka kufika mlungu wa 12. Mbewu ya abambo ikakumana ndi dzira la mayi mbewuyo imalowa m'dziralo ndipo dziralo limayenda m'kanjira kokhala ngati chubu ndipo likafika m'chiberekero, limamatirira kukhungu la mkati mwa chiberekerocho ndipo mwana amayamba kupangika mkati mwa dziralo komanso kathumba ka zakudya kamapangidwa. Pa gawo loyamba la pakatili, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mwana wosabadwayo afe (imfa yochitika mwachibadwa ya mwana yosabadwayo). Gawo lachiwiri la pakati limayambira pa mlungu wa 13 mpaka kufika pa mlungu wa 28. Chapakatikati pa gawo lachiwirili, mayi angayambe kumamva mwanayo akusunthasuntha. Milungu 28 ikangokwana, ana oposa 90 pa 100 aliwonse angathe kukhalabe ndi moyo ngati atapezeka kuti abadwa masiku asanakwane ndipo akusamaliridwa moyenerera ndi odziwa zachipatala. Gawo lachitatu la pakati limayamba pa mlungu wa 29 mpaka wa 40. + +Mayi wapakati akamadzisamalira bwino zimathandiza kuti adzabereke mwana wathanzi. Mayiyo angafunikire kumamwa mavitamini owonjezera, kumapewa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiponso zakumwa zoledzeretsa, kuchita masewra olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kumayezetsa magazi, ndiponso kumapita kusikelo kawirikawiri. Mavuto amene angakhalepo chifukwa cha pakati angakhale kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a shuga, kuchepa kwa magazi, ndiponso kuchita nseru kwambiri ndi kusanza. Pakati patenge milungu 37 mpaka 41, ndipo ena amayi ena amabereka pakapita milungu 37 kapena 38, ena amabereka pakapita milungu 39 kapena 40, ndipo ena amabereka pakapita milungu 41. Mayi akabereka patapita milungu 41, ndiye kuti wabereka mochedwa. Ana amene amabadwa pasanathe milungu 37 kuchokera pamene mayi anatenga pakati ndi ana obadwa nthawi isanakwane ndipo amakhala pachiopsezo choti akhoza kudwala matenda a mu ubongo. Azachipatala amalimbikitsa zoti mayi asachititsidwe kubereka kaya pomupatsa mankhwala ochititsa kuti abereke mwachangu kapena kumuchita opaleshoni ngati sipanathe milungu 39 kuchokera pamene anatenga pakati, pokhapokha ngati pali zifukwa zina zokhudzana ndi thanzi. + +M'chaka cha 2012 amayi pafupifupi 213 miliyoni anatenga pakati ndipo pa amayi amenewa, 190 miliyoni anali a m'mayiko omwe akukwera kumene ndipo 23 miliyoni anali a m'mayiko olemera. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti pa amayi 1,000 alionse a zaka zoyambira 15 mpaka 44, 133 anatenga pakati. Amayi oyambira pa 10 mpaka 15 pa 100 alionse omwe akudziwika kuti ali ndi pakati amapititsa padera. Mu 2013 amayi ndi ana okwana 293,000 anamwalira chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi pakati, ndipo chiwerengerochi n'chotsikirapo poyerekezera ndi imfa 293,000 zomwe zinachitika mu 1990 chifukwa cha mavuto omwewa. Imfazi zimachitika chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amachitika kawirikawiri monga kuta magazi ambiri pobereka, mavuto obwera chifukwa chochotsa mimba, kuthamanga kwambiri magazi, kuthamanga magazi, ndiponso mavuto ena a pobereka. Padziko lonse, amayi 40 pa 100 alionse amene amatenga pakati amatenga pakatipo asanakonzekere. Ndipo hafu ya amayi amene amatenga pakati mosakonzekera amachotsa pakatipo. Pa amayi a ku United States amene anatenga pakati mosakonzekera, 60 pa 100 alionse ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera pa nthawi inayake pa mwezi umene anatenga pakatiwo. + +Malifalensi +Mawu akuti kulera, omwe ndi ofanana ndi mawu kuti njira zolera kapena maleredwe, amatanthauza njira zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kutenga pakati. Koma kupanga mapulani, kusankha njira zolera, ndi kuzigwiritsira ntchito kumatchedwa mapulani a banja. Anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito njira zolera kuyambira kale kwambiri, koma njira zothandizadi ndiponso zosaopsa zinayamba kupezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1900. M'zikhalidwe zina, anthu salimbikitsidwa kapena kuloledwa kuti azigwiritsira ntchito njira zolera chifukwa zimaonedwa kuti n'zosemphana ndi chikhalidwe chawo, chipemphedzo chawo kapena maganizo a anthu ambiri m'deralo. + +Njira zolera zothandiza kwambiri ndi monga kutseka njira yodutsa mbewu ya abambo ndiponso kutseka njira mbewu ya amayi, kutseka khomo la chiberekeroLupu, ndiponso kuseri kwa khungu. Palinso njira zina monga zokhudza mahomoni ndipo zina mwa izo ndi mapilisi,machubu oika m'kati mwa khungu, maring'i oika kunjira yodutsa chida cha abambo, ndiponso jakisoni. Njira zolera zomwe zimathandiza koma osati kwambiri ndi monga zinthu zotchingira monga makondomu, zotchinga kunjira yodutsa chida cha abambo ndiponso thonje la kulera komanso kuzindikira nthawi imene mayi angatenge pakati. Pali njira zinanso zomwe n'zosadalirika, mongamankhwala opha mbewu ya abambondiponso kuchotsa chida cha abambo asanathire umuna pogonana. Njira yotseka ndi yothandiza kwambiri koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kuti munthu aberekenso; pomwe njira zina zonsezo ubwino wake ndi wakuti munthu angathe kuberekanso akangosiya kuzigwiritsa ntchito. Kugonana m'njira yotetezeka, monga kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu a abambo kapena makondomu a amayi, kungathandizenso kuti mupewe matenda opatsirana pogonana. Njira zolera zapangozi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mayi apewe kutenga pakati ngati papita masiku angapo atagonana ndi mwamuna mosadziteteza. Anthu ena amaona kuti kusagonana ndi aliyense ndi njira yabwino yolera, koma kuphunzitsa munthu kuti asamagonane ndi aliyense kungachititse atsikana ambiri kuti azitenga mimbakumachititsa atsikana kuti azitenga mimba ngati atsikanawo akungouzidwa kuti azikhala odziletsa koma osawapatsa njira zolerazo. + +Pakati pa atsikana ambiri amene amatenga mimba, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoipa kwambiri. Koma maphunziro akathithi okhudza zakugonana ndiponso kupereka njira zakulera zimathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha mimba zosafunikira chichepe pakata pa atsikana. Ngakhale kuti achinyamata angathe kugwiritsira ntchito njira iliyonse ya kulera,njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali komanso zosavuta kuzichotsa monga zoika kuseri kwa khungu, Lupu, kapena maring'i oika kunjira yodutsa chida cha abambo, zimathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa mimba. Mayi akangobereka mwana ndipo sakuyamwitsa kwambiri, angathe kutenganso pakati pakangopita milungu yochepa yokha, yoyambira pa inayi kufika pa 6. Njira zina zolera zingathe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale mayi atangobereka kumene, koma angafunikire kudikira kaye, mwina mpaka miyezi 6 kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Kwa amayi amene akuyamwitsa, njira zolera zopanda mahomini osokoneza mkaka wa m'mabere zimakhala bwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito poyerekezera ndi mapilisi. Ndipo kwa amayi amene afika msinkhu wosiya kusamba, zimakhala bwino kuti apitirize kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolera kwa chaka chathunthu kuchokera pamene anasamba komaliza. + +Amayi pafupifupi 222 miliyoni omwe amafuna atapewa kutenga pakati m'mayiko omwe akukwera kumene, sagwiritsa ntchito njiira zamakono zolera. Kugwiritsira ntchito njira zolera m'mayiko omwe akukwera kumene kwathandiza kuti kuchepetsaimfa zokhudzana ndi ubereki ndi 40 peresenti (imfa pafupifupi 270,000 zinapewedwa mu 2008), ndipo njirazi zikanathandiza kuti kupewa imfa zofika pa 70 peresenti zikanakhala kuti aliyense akuzipeza mosavuta. Popeza kugwiritsira ntchito njira zolera kumathandiza kuti mayi asamatenge pakati pafupipafupi, zimathandiza mayiyo azibereka ana athanzi komanso kumachepetsa mpata woti anawo angamwalire pobadwa kapena akangobadwa kumene. M'mayiko olemera, chuma chimene amayi amapeza, katundu,kulemera kwa thupi laawo, komanso sukulu zimene ana awo amapita ndiponso umoyo wawo, zimakhala zabwino chifukwa choti amapeza mosavuta njira zolera. Kugwiritsira ntchito njira zolera kumathandizanso kuti chuma chikwere chifukwa banja limakhala ndi ana ochepa oti n'kumawasamalira, amayi ambiri amagwira ntchito, ndipo zinthu zofunika pamoyo zimakhala zosavuta kuzipeza. + +Malifalensi +France (fr. - France) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. + +Chinese weather reger +o cha anthem : (2016). + +Malifalensi + + +Maiko a ku Europu +Roubaix ndi mzinda kumpoto kwa France ndi malire a dziko la Belgium. Mu 2013, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu chinali . + + Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Roubaix (fr) + +France +Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009), ndi American woimba. Iye ankadziwika monga King of Pop (Mfumu ya Pop). + +United States +Kuimba +Burger King inali bungwe lapadziko lonse la chakudya chomwe chinali kugulitsa s s. Nthambi yake yoyamba yotsegulidwa 1954, Miami, Florida. + +Mmodzi wa dziko lonse lopambana ndi Mfumu ya Burger ndi hamburger wotchedwa "Whopper". + +Pamene Burger King anaganiza zofutukula ntchito yawo ku Australia, adadziwa kuti bizinesi yawo inali kale yomwe inali yothamanga ndi sitolo yaing'ono yogulitsa chakudya. Ndipotu, ndalama yoyamba ya ku Australia ya Burger King Coporation, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Perth, inalembedwa molakwika Matelaina Jack, kutchulidwa dzina ndi kumva za chilolezo Jack Cowin. Onetsetsani kuti Jack akugulitsa gulu la burgers, komanso katswiri wa ku Australia, Burger Aussie. Burger iyi imachokera ku chidwi cha ku Australia nsomba zomwe amakonda kwambiri minofu, kuphatikizapo mazira, Bacon, anyezi ndi beetroot ndi nyama, msuzi, ndi phwetekere. + + Kudyera Zakudya Zamakono +Carl's Jr. ndi chakudya chodyera chakudya ogwiritsa ntchito CKE Restaurants Holdings, Inc., ndi malo makamaka kumadzulo ndi Southwestern United States. + + Malo Odyera Odyera +Pizza kanyumba ( English: Pizza kanyumba) wa American odyera zakudya zachangu ndipo ali nthambi mu mayiko ambiri Alm.o akatswiri odyera zakudya pitsa mitundu yonse, koma ali Okhry.kma zokopa kugwirizana kwa ofunsira kunja utumiki kuwonjezera kuthekera kudya odyera. + + Pizza kanyumba +A & W Dining ndi shopu chakudya chofulumira sitolo yosankhidwa ndi karoti ndi aerotus. A & W anali kampani yoyamba yopambana ndalama: franchises inayamba ku California cha m'ma 1921. Udindo wa kampani umachokera ku of othandizira Roy W. Allen ndi Frank Wright. Mndandanda wa malo odyerawa umaphatikizapo, koma sizingowonjezeredwa ku fungo hamburger, French French ndi agalu otentha. Malo odyera ali ndi malo ambiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi ndi United States. + + American restaurants fast food +Jack in the Box ndi American chakudya chodyera restaurant chain. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1951 ndi Robert O. Peterson. + + Kudyera kofulumira ku America +Mzinda wa mfumu: Oslo. + Maonekedwe: 385,207 km²(2020) + Kuchuluka: 14.0 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 5,425,270(2022) + +Malifalensi + +Europa +Anatoliy Solovianenko (1932-1999), ndi woimba. Kuimba +Bourg-la-Reine ndi mzinda ku dziko la France. Chiwerengero cha anthu: 20,249 (2015). + + + +France +Mbendera ya Berber (zilankhulo za Berber: ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖ, Acenyal Amaziɣ) ndi mbendera yomwe yavomerezedwa kwa Berbers. Pakali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ovomerezeka a Berber m'mayiko 10 [omwe?] A ku Africa. + +Mbendera inakhazikitsidwa ku Ouadhia, tawuni ya Kabylia yomwe ili ku Tizi Ouzou, dera la Algeria, ndi mkulu wa algeria wa Kabylian dzina lake Mohand Arav Bessaoud. Ankaonedwa kuti ndi bambo wauzimu wa Berberism komanso anali wolemba komanso wovomerezeka ku Algeria. + + +Bibliography + +Blasphémateur ! : les prisons d'Allah, 2015, Grasset () +English translation: +Une trahison française : Les collaborationnistes de l'islam radical devoilés ("A French Treason: The Collaborators of Radical Islam Unveiled"), 2017, Éditions Ring + +Note + +Waleed Al-Husseini +Monte Águila ndi tauni ya Chile yomwe ili m'dera la Biobío, m'chigawo cha Cabrero, makilomita 6 kummwera kwa mzinda womwewo. Lili ndi anthu 6,090 okhalamo. +Edirne, ndi mzinda ku dziko la Turkey. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 165.979. + +External links + + www.edirne.bel.tr + www.edirne.gov.tr + +Turkey +Brian Mumba Kasoka Bwembya(anabadwa November 12) amadziwika bwino ndi dzina lake la pa siteji B Flow (inalembedwanso monga B'Flow kapena B-Flow) ndi Zambian Dancehall ndi Hip Hop woimba ndi wolemba nyimbo. Iye ali pulezidenti wamakono wa komiti ya HIV / AIDS ndi Social Commentary (HASC) komiti ya Zambia ya Oimba (ZAM). Iye ndi ambassador wapadziko lonse polimbana ndi AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) B Flow adatenganso njira yatsopano ndi nyimbo zake, kusintha mtundu wake ku zomwe tsopano zimatchedwa "KaliDanceHall" (Kusakanizika kwa nyimbo za Kalindula za Zambian ndi Dance Hall). Mu November 2016, bungwe la United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) lotchedwa B Flow ndi limodzi mwa mau 16 oyambitsa zowononga chiwawa padziko lonse lapansi. + +Biography + +Moyo wakuubwana + +B Flow anabadwira ku Kabwe pa 12 November. Anakulira ndi agogo ake a Matilda Chiti-Byrne ndi amayi ake Mirriam Mulenga Mumba Byrne, wapolisi. B Akuyenda maina kuchokera kwa azimayi a Zambia omwe ali Chris Mbewe wa Great Witch Band, Anna Mwale wa Mwale Sisters ndi Ras Willie. Ali ndi zaka 8 iye ndi anzake adagwiritsa ntchito gulu laling'ono poika miphika ndi zidebe m'zotchi ndikupanga mabotolo (omwe si magetsi) pogwiritsa ntchito mapini, matabwa ndi zingwe. Pakati pa gulu B B Flow ndiye yekha yemwe tsopano ndi woimba. Album ya B Flow yoyamba Mpu mpu mpu (kutanthauza mtima) inatulutsidwa mu 2009. Albumyi inapanga B Flow kuzindikira mu 2009 Zambia Ngoma Awards ndi solo yake yachiwiri yotchedwa 'No More Kawilo' inatulutsidwa mu 2011 (kutanthauza kusungulumwa). Album yake yachitatu 'Voiceless Woman' inatulutsidwa mu 2013. Album yake yachisanu Mama wokondedwa kudzipatulira kwa amayi ake anatulutsidwa mu 2016. + +Malire + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +1986 anabadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Linda Secondary School ndi sukulu ya boma ya anyamata ndi atsikana ku Livingstone. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1963. Sukuluyi ili pafupi makilomita awiri kum'maŵa kwa Livingstone City. Sukuluyi imadziwikanso chifukwa chogonjetsa masewera a mpira wa Copa Coca-Cola 2016 ku Zambia. Sukulu ya sekondale ya Linda amasankha Makala 7 ndi a Grade 9s omwe akufuna kuchokera ku Livingstone. + +Zolemba + +Maphunziro a maphunziro apangidwe 1963 +Maphunziro mu Livingstone +Chifubu Secondary School lisukulu lyaba mu Zambia. Abali Bakateka ba Zambia Basambilile mo. +Hillcrest Technical Secondary School ndi Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Boma yomwe ikuyambira pa Grade Eight (8) nakufika ku Grade Twelve (12). Sukulu ili ku Livingstone, Zambia, ndipo inakhazikitsidwa mu 1956. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa masukulu akuluakulu m'dzikoli kusankha ophunzira kuchokera kumadera onse ku Zambia. Sukuluyi imapereka maphunziro onse a O Level ndi A Level ndipo ndisukulu ya co-curricular. + +Zolemba + +Maphunziro a maphunziro apangidwe 1963 +Maphunziro mu Livingstone +Michael Mandona (wobadwa pa May 31, 1990) wodziwika bwino monga Mic Burner, ndi wolemba na ku yimba nyimbo mu Zambia. Ye amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha nyimbo Thought of You ndi bajeti ya US $ 50,000 ndipo adawombera ku South Africa ndi Namibia. Atabadwira ku Ndola adapita ku sukulu ya St. Andrews High School koma adaphunzira maphunziro ake ku Grade 12 ku Kamwala High School mu Lusaka. + +Zogwirizana zakunja + +Malire + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +1990 anabadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Kutsegulira kachiwiri kwa Edgar Lungu monga Purezidenti wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa Zambia ndi Inonge Wina monga wachiwiri kwa purezidenti. Mwambowu unachitikira Lachiwiri, pa September 13, 2016 ku National Heroes Stadium. Tsiku la kutsegulira linakhazikitsidwa monga holide yapamwamba komanso Lolemba pa September 12, 2016 ngati theka la ntchito. Lungu adapambana chisankho cha chisankho cha 2016, atalandira 50.35% ya voti. + +References + +Edgar Lungu +2016 in Zambian politics +2016 mu Lusaka +Edgar Lungu +Edgar Lungu +Zochitika za September 2016 mu Africa +Edgar Chagwa Lungu (wobadwa 11 November 1956) ndi Pulezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira January 2015. Pansi pa Pulezidenti Michael Sata, Lungu adakhala ngati Pulezidenti wa Chilungamo ndi Mtumiki wa Chitetezo. Pansi pa Pulezidenti Michael Sata, Lungu anatumikira monga Minister of Justice ndi Minister of Defence. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Sata mu October 2014, Lungu adasankhidwa kukhala wodzitcha wa Patriotic Front chifukwa cha chisankho cha pulezidenti mu January 2015, chomwe chinali choti adziwe omwe angatumikire nthawi yotsala ya Sata. Amataya zisankho za Purezidenti wa 2021 kwa wotsutsa wakale Hakainde Hichilema. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + + +Edgar Lungu +Obadwa mu 1956 +Anthu amoyo +Atsogoleri a Zambia +Purezidenti wa Zambia ndi mtsogoleri wa boma komanso mkulu wa boma la Zambia mtsogoleri wa asilikali a Zambiya. Purezidenti makamaka ali ndi udindo wolamula malamulo a phwando limene perezidenti ali nawo. Purezidenti amatsogolere ndondomeko ya dziko la Zambia. Purezidenti amasankhidwa mwachindunji ndi anthu kudzera mu chisankho cha pulezidenti kwa zaka zisanu, ndipo ali mmodzi mwa anthu awiri okha omwe amasankhidwa kukhala a dziko, wina kukhala Vice Purezidenti wa Zambia. Atsogoleri awiri okha ndiwo adakhala purezidenti chifukwa cha imfa ya pulezidenti. Edgar Lungu wodalirika anasankhidwa Lamlungu, pa 25 January, 2016. Posankha chisankho cha pulezidenti chidzachitika mu 2021. + +Mphamvu ndi ntchito +1. Pulezidenti amachita izi ndi mphamvu zotsatirazi: + Zikwangwani zolemba ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi mu nyumba yamalamulo. + Onetsani misonkhano ndi Cabinet + Fotokozani mikangano ya chikhalidwe pakati pa maphwando omwe akuyimira Pulezidenti kapena pakati pa zigawo za boma pamtundu uliwonse wa boma ku Khoti Lalikulu la Malamulo. + Chitani ulemu. + Kusankha, kuvomeleza, kulandira ndi kuzindikira amithenga, oimira nthumwi ndi akuluakulu ena. + Sankhani makomiti a mafunso. + Kambiranani ndi kulemba mgwirizano wa mayiko +2. Purezidenti adzafunsana ndi Purezidenti Wachiwiri. + Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kutsata ndondomeko za boma lonse. + Nkhani zonse zokhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka nduna za boma komanso ntchito za bizinesi ya Cabinet. + Purezidenti akutchulidwa kuti "Mbuye Wanu" kapena "Mayi / Purezidenti" ndipo amatchedwa "Wolemekezeka (dzina)". + +Malo okhala +Nyumba ya State House ku Lusaka ndi malo okhalamo pulezidenti. + +Chitetezo +Gulu lapadera la apolisi ochokera ku Polisi ya Zambia akuimbidwa mlandu woteteza purezidenti komanso banja loyamba. Monga gawo la chitetezo chawo, azidindo, amayi oyambirira, ana awo ndi mamembala ena apamtima, ndi anthu ena otchuka. + +Atsogoleri a Zambia (1964- apano) +Mfungulo + + Zipani zandale + +  United National Independence Party (UNIP) +  Ulendo wa Democracy-Party Democracy (MMD) +  Patriotic Front (PF) + + Zizindikiro + + § Osankhidwa popanda wopikisana naye + † Adamwalira muofesi + +Mawu amtsinde + +Atsogoleri oyambirira a moyo +Pali awiri omwe anali a Pulezidenti wa Zambiya omwe kale anali pulezidenti wadziko: + +Onaninso + + Mkazi woyamba wa Zambia + Kazembe waku Northern Rhodesia + Nduna ya Zambia + Mndandanda wa omwe ali ndi maofesi + Mndandanda wamitu yamayiko ndi maboma + +Zogwirizana zakunja +World Statesmen - Zambia + +Zambia + +1964 kukhazikitsidwa mu Zambia +Pulezidenti wa Zambia ndi mtsogoleri wa boma komanso mtsogoleri wa boma la Zambia. Ofesiyi inayamba kugwira ntchito ndi Kenneth Kaunda pambuyo pa ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1964. Kuchokera mu 1991, pamene Kaunda adachokera ku Presidency, ofesiyo yakhala ndi ena asanu: Frederick Chiluba, Levy Mwanawasa, Rupiah Banda, Michael Sata, ndi Purezidenti wamakono Edgar Lungu. Kuwonjezera apo, Pulezidenti Guy Scott wothandizira adagwira ntchito panthawi yomwe Pulezidenti Michael Sata anamwalira. Kuchokera pa 31 August 1991 Purezidenti nayenso ali mtsogoleri wa boma, popeza udindo wa Pulezidenti unathetsedwa m'miyezi yapitayi ya Kaunda. Purezidenti amasankhidwa kwa zaka zisanu. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1991, wogwira ntchitoyo wakhala wotsatizana ndi ziwiri. + +Atsogoleri + +Political parties + +Symbols + Elected unopposed + Died in office + +External links + +Zambia +Jaynagar Majilpur ndi mzinda ku dziko la India. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 25,922 (2011) + Maonekedwe: 5.85 km² + Kuchuluka: 4,431 ta’ata/km² +Dziko Lathu kapena Chalo Chatu ndilojekiti ya intaneti yolemba mu chinenero cha Chingerezi yomwe ikulemba zochitika zonse Zambia zokha zokhudzana ndi zochitika zakale ndi zochitika zamakono, makampani, mabungwe, webusaiti, dziko zipilala ndi zinthu zina zofunikira za Zambia. Webusaitiyi ndipanda malipiro: ogwiritsa ntchito samalipiritsa koma angasankhe kupereka ku Chalo Chatu Foundation. Ndi "zotseguka", izi zikutanthawuza kuti aliyense angathe kuzijambula. Ndilo buku lalikulu kwambiri komanso lokhalokha pa intaneti ku Zambia. Dzina la Chalo Chatu likutanthauzira ngati dziko lathu mu chinenero cha Zambiya. Chalo Chatu inayamba pa June 1, 2016 ndi Jason Mulikita. Chalo Chatu ali ndi bungwe la Zambia, Chalo Chatu Foundation, yomwe ili ku Lusaka. + +Other websites + + Website + Official Facebook Page + Official YouTube Channel + Official Twitter Account + +Wikis +Zambia +MediaWiki websites +2016 maziko +Wikipedia ndi ma multilingual, web-based, encyclopedia yaulere yotengera chitsanzo cha zinthu zowonongeka. Ndilo buku lalikulu kwambiri komanso lodziwika bwino lomwe likuwonekera pa intaneti, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri ndi Alexa.Zili ndi mwiniwake komanso wothandizidwa ndi Wikimedia Foundation, bungwe la 501 (c) (3) bungwe / bungwe lopanda phindu lomwe limagwira ntchito ndalama zomwe amalandira kuchokera kwa opereka. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + +  – multilingual portal (contains links to all language editions) (wikipedia.com still redirects here) + + + Wikipedia topic page at The New York Times + Video of TED talk by Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia + +Wikimedia projects +Wikis +2001 kukhazikitsidwa ku United States +Buku la encyclopedia kapena encyclopaedia ndilo buku lofotokozera kapena kufotokozera mwachidule zidule za chidziwitso kuchokera kwa nthambi zonse kapena kuchokera ku munda kapena chilango. +Mapulogalamu amagawidwa kukhala zigawo kapena zolembedwera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakonzedweratu ndi alfabheti ndi dzina lachaputala ndi nthawi zina ndi zigawo zosiyana. Zolemba za Encyclopedia ndizowonjezereka komanso zowonjezereka kuposa zomwe ziri muzinenero zambiri. Kawirikawiri, mosiyana ndi zolemba za dikishonale zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha zilankhulo za mawu, monga tanthawuzo, kutchulidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi mawonekedwe a grammatical, nkhani zolemba mabuku zimagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zeniyeni zokhudzana ndi nkhani yotchulidwa m'nkhani ya mutuwo. + +Mapulogalamu ena akhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 2,000 ndipo adasintha kwambiri kuyambira nthawi imeneyo monga chinenero (cholembedwa m'zinenero zamitundu yonse kapena chinenero chamanja), kukula (zochepa kapena zambiri), cholinga (kufotokozera dziko lonse kapena zochepa za chidziwitso) (chidziwitso, chikhalidwe), kuwerenga (maphunziro, chikhalidwe, zofuna, mphamvu), komanso zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimapezeka kuti zikhale ndi zogawira (zolembedwa pamanja, zochepa kapena zazikulu kusindikizidwa, kutulutsa intaneti). Monga gwero lamtengo wapatali la chidziwitso chodalirika chinapangidwa ndi akatswiri, mabaibulo osindikizidwa omwe amapezeka malo otchuka mu makalata, masukulu ndi masukulu ena a maphunziro. + +Zolemba +Jason Jackson Mulikita (wobadwa pa 7 Oktoba 1983) ndi wojambula zithunzi wa Zambia, wojambula, wogulitsa malonda a pa Intaneti ndi woyambitsa buku lopanda phindu la pa Intaneti Chalo Chatu. + +Moyo wam'mbuyo ndi maphunziro +Mulikita anabadwira ku Lusaka ndipo anapita ku Matero Boys Primary School mu 1991. Kuyambira 2000 mpaka 2002 iye amaphunzira sukulu ku Monze ndi Mumbwa. Anapitanso ku National Institute of Public Administration kuti akaphunzire za Zogwiritsira Ntchito. Mu 2014 adaphunzira kujambula ndi New York Institute of Photography. + +Ntchito + +Ntchito yoyambirira +Kuyambira ali mwana, Jason wakhala akuwongolera komanso akukondwera ndi zipangizo zamagetsi. Mu 1995 kuti pamene adayamba kujambula zithunzi ndikupanga zojambula kuchokera ku chilengedwe, magazini ndi malingaliro opanga. Jason anandilemba zojambula zanga zonse ndi chizindikiro chake chodziwika bwino cha 'JJArts' chomwe tsopano chimadziwika ndi JJArts Photography. Pogwiritsa ntchito diso lojambulajambula, Jason anaganiza kuti adzigule yekha kamera kamene kanali koyamba mu 1998 kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yowonjezera - yomwe ndinkati ndi nthawi yozizira. Jason anatha kugwiritsa ntchito talente yake kusukulu kulipilira maphunziro ake ndi kujambula zochitika. Kenako anatenga kamera yake yoyamba ya DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) mu 2011 ndipo anaganiza zojambula zithunzi za nyama zakutchire. [6] Mu October 2006 adagwira ntchito ina yophunzitsa ku NorthGate Academy (kenako Sishemo Education Trust) ku Lusaka kumene adaphunzitsa makompyuta kwa ana kuyambira kalasi yoyamba mpaka kachisanu ndi chiwiri. Anagwira ntchito ku sukulu mpaka 2014. Mmodzi mwa ophunzira ake anali Joseph Lusumpa, yemwe kenako anauziridwa ndi kukhala wojambula zithunzi. Mu 2006 adapereka gawo la TV lamakono lotchedwa Kuzindikira pa intaneti pazithunzi za ZNBC TV, Smooth Talk. Kuchokera mu 2009 mpaka 2012, adagwira ntchito ngati wothandizila za IT ku Secretariat wa Governance pansi pa Ministry of Justice. Kuchokera mu 2012, Mulikita wakhala akugwira ntchito yophunzitsa nthawi yina pa yunivesite ya Zambia ya Consultancy and Training Unit (CTU). + +Professional +Mu 2003, Mulikita anakhazikitsa bizinesi yake yoyamba ya intaneti ku Xtreme Zambia ndipo adapereka ma webusaiti monga webusaiti yopanga ndi kusamalira. Webusaitiyi inagwiritsanso ntchito ngati malo ochezera pa intaneti komanso malonda a malonda. Mu 2009 iye adasinthiratu ntchito za webusaitiyi, kuzichepetsa kuti zithandize ma webusaiti. Atatha zaka zambiri akujambula kusukulu komanso pa zochitika za m'banja, anayamba kujambula zithunzi monga ntchito yapamwamba mu August 2011. Bzinesi ya kujambula zithunzi inatengera dzina lake ku JJArts [6] [3]. Kujambula kwa Jason kumayang'aniridwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo, nyama zakutchire, kupita ku malo. Kujambula kwa Jason kungapezekanso pa National Geographic, nsanja yaikulu ya ojambula zakutchire ndi zojambula zithunzi kuti asonyeze ntchito yawo. + +Chalo Chatu +Zindikirani zambiri: Chalo Chatu +Mu 2016, Mulikita anakhazikitsa bungwe lopanda phindu, Chalo Chatu Foundation, yomwe imayendetsa polojekiti ya Chalo Chatu, yolemba mabuku pa intaneti yomwe cholinga chake chinali kusunga mbiri ndi kunyada kwa Zambia. Poyankha ndi QTV's Breakfast Show, Mulikita adalongosola masomphenya ake a Chalo Chatu: "Monga dziko sitinayambe bwino kulembera mbiri yathu.Ngati mukuganiza za mbiri yakale ya Zambia, ambiri mwa iwo akuyang'ana pa ufulu wodzilamulira. gulu lalikulu la ndale ndi kumasulidwa limene linachitika mu 1964. Koma ngati mutayesa kuganiza ndi kufunsa aliyense za moyo musanakhalepo, mudzapeza kuti pali mdima.Zambiri za mbiri ya Zambia zikupezeka kumapeto kwa 1950, koma tikudziwa kuti kunali moyo usanakhalepo. Choncho tikupita kutali kwambiri kuti tipeze mfundoyi ndikulemba zomwe zikuchitika lero. " + +Onaninso +Chalo Chatu + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1983 +1,000,000 nkhani kapena zambiri + +  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + () + +500,000 nkhani kapena zambiri + + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + () + +100,000 nkhani kapena zambiri + +  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + ()  •  + () +African Language Wikipedias ndi zolembera zoposa 1000 + +Afrikaans · +Kiswahili · +Chilankhulo china chaching'ono cha ku Africa Wikipedias + +
+Afar · +Afrikaans · +Akan · +አማርኛ · +Bamanankan · +chiShona · +chiTumbuka · +Ɛʋɛ · +Fulfude · +Gĩkũyũ · +هَوُسَ · +Igbo · +isiXhosa · +isiZulu · +Kanuri · +Kinyarwanda · +Kirundi · +Kiswahili · +Kongo · +Kuanyama · +Lingala · +Luganda · +Malagasy · +Malti · +Oromoo · +Oshiwambo · +Otsiherero · +Sängö · +seSotho · +Setswana · +SiSwati · +Soomaaliga · +ትግርኛ · +Tshivenda · +Twi · +Wolof · +Xitsonga · +Yorùbá · + +Lembani mndandanda wa Wikipedias – +Zinenero zikugwira ntchito limodzi – +Yambani Wikipedia kuti mukhale chinenero chatsopano +Tsamba ili ndi gawo la Tsamba Lalikulu +Tsamba Lalikulu templates +Wikidata ndi wiki yomwe ndi mndandanda wa data pa intaneti. Zomwe zimasungidwa ku Wikidata zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mawebusaiti othandizana monga Wikipedia. Wikidata yapangidwa kuti anthu ndi makina athe kuziwerenga. Kuyambira mu September 2016, ili ndi zinthu zoposa 20 miliyoni za deta. + +References + +Wikimedia Foundation +Wikis +Mtsogoleri wa mpira 2019 ndiwotchiyi yomwe imabwera ndi masewero a masewera a mpira wotchedwa Sports Interactive ndi yofalitsidwa ndi Sega yomwe yatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 2 November 2018 kwa Microsoft Windows, MacOS, Linux ndi Nintendo Switch. + +Wolemba + +Zolemba + +Masewera a masewera 2018 +FIFA 18 ndi masewero a masewera a mpira owonetsera mpira mu masewero a FIFA, opangidwa ndi ofalitsidwa ndi Electronic Arts ndipo adatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 29 September 2017 kwa Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One ndi Nintendo Kusintha. Ndilo gawo la 25 mu mndandanda wa FIFA. Mmodzi wa maseŵera a Real Madrid Cristiano Ronaldo akuwoneka ngati wothamanga wothamanga. + +FIFA 18 ndi gawo lachiwiri mndandanda wogwiritsa ntchito injini ya masewera 3 a Frostbite, ngakhale kuti masewera ena amagwiritsira ntchito injini yosiyana. Mu PlayStation 4, Microsoft Windows ndi Xbox One Mabaibulo akuphatikizapo kupitiliza "Ulendo" machitidwe-based mode omwe poyamba FIFA 17 mutu wakuti "Kubwezeretsa kwa Hunter". Mabaibulo a PlayStation 3 ndi Xbox 360, otchedwa FIFA 18: Legacy Edition, alibe zochitika zatsopano zamasewera pambali pa kits zomwe zamasinthidwa ndi squads. + +Kutulutsidwa +FIFA 18 inatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa 29 September 2017 kwa Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, Xbox One ndi Nintendo Switch. Cristiano Ronaldo akupezeka pa chivundikiro cha bokosi la masewera. + +Pa April 30, 2018, EA idalengeza zaulere kuonjezera pa 2018 FIFA World Cup, yomwe ili ndi magulu onse okwana 32 (komanso magulu onse a FIFA 18) ndi masewera 12 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa World Cup 2018 FIFA. kuphatikizapo kuthekera kwa oseŵera kupanga mapikisano awo omwe amakongoletsedwa a World Cup. Anatulutsidwa pa 29 May 2018 kwa PC, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4 ndi Xbox One masewerawo, ndi FIFA Mobile kupeza nthawi yochepa pa 6 June 2018. + +Kulandira +FIFA 18 inalandira ndemanga zabwino "zovomerezeka" za PS4, Xbox One ndi PC masewerawo, pomwe Nintendo Switch version inalandira "zosakaniza kapena zowerengera" ndemanga kuchokera kwa otsutsa, malinga ndi ndemanga ya aggregator Metacritic. + +Muzokambirana kwawo akulemba 7 pa 10, GameSpot analemba, "Kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masewera omwe amapereka ndi momwe zonse zasonyezedwera, kusinthidwa kwanthawi zonse mu Team FUT ya Week, Zolinga za Tsiku ndi tsiku, ndikukambirana za zochitika zenizeni muzofotokozera, FIFA 18 imatenga dziko lonse la mpira ndikutanthauzira mosakayikira masewera a kanema. Komabe, pamtunda, masewera a mpira a EA akadakali kumbuyo kwa mpira wa PES 2018, womwe umakhutitsa mpira. " IGN inapereka 8.1 / 10, kunena kuti, "Kuganizira kwambiri za kuukiridwa koma kuwonjezereka kochepa kwatsopano kumapangitsa izi kukhala zodabwitsa ngati zinachitikira zopanda pake." + +Zolemba + +Masewera a 2017 +Maseŵera a mpira, omwe amadziwikanso ngati mpira ndi masewera a masewera omwe amasewera pakati pa magulu awiri a osewera khumi ndi limodzi omwe ali ndi mpira wozungulira. Iwo amasewera ndi osewera 250 miliyoni m'mayiko oposa 200 ndi kudalira, ndikupanga masewera otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Masewerawa amasewera m'munda wamakono ndi cholinga pakutha. Cholinga cha masewerawo ndi kuponya mpira pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wopita kutsogolo.Msonkhano wa mpira ndi umodzi wa banja la masewera a mpira omwe adatuluka m'maseŵera osiyanasiyana a mpira omwe adasewera padziko lapansi kuyambira kale. Masewera amasiku ano akuwonekera kuyambira 1863 pamene Malamulo a Masewera adayambitsidwa ku England ndi The Football Association. + +Osewera saloledwa kugwira mpirawo ndi manja kapena manja pamene akusewera, pulumutsani ozilonda m'deralo. Ena osewera amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yawo kumenyana kapena kupitila mpira, koma amagwiritsanso ntchito mbali ina iliyonse ya thupi lawo kupatula manja ndi mikono. Iye adagonjetsa zolinga zambiri pamapeto pa masewerawo. Ngati mpikisano uli pamapeto pa masewerowo, mwina kujambulitsa kumatchulidwa kapena masewerawa amapita nthawi yowonjezera kapena kuwombera chilango malinga ndi mtundu wa mpikisano. Msonkhano wa mpira wautali umayendetsedwa padziko lonse ndi International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; French: Fédération Internationale de Football Association), yomwe ikukonzekeretsa Zophika Zapadziko lonse kwa amuna ndi akazi zaka zinayi zilizonse + +Mfundo + +Zolemba + +Kucheza mpira +Mgwirizano wa mpira +Masewera a mpira +Alex Hunter ndi munthu wongopeka m'masewero a FIFA omwe adachita ndi EA Sports. Amasewera ndi osewera Adetomiwa Edun, yemwe anapereka mawu ndi kayendedwe kake ka khalidwelo. Alex Hunter anabadwira ku Clapham, London, ndipo adasewera mpira wachinyamata pa Clapham Common ndi bwenzi lake labwino Gareth Walker. Hunter ndi amitundu, ndi bambo woyera ndi amayi akuda. Cholinga cha moyo wake ndikuthamanga ngati mtsogoleri wa mpira. His grandfather, Jim Hunter, was a former player who scored 22 goals in the 1968–69 season. Agogo ake aamuna, Jim Hunter, anali mchenga wakale amene adapeza zolinga 22 mu nyengo ya 1968-69. Bambo a Alex, Harold, nayenso anali mcheza mpira wachinyamata ali mnyamata, koma ntchito yake inachepetsedwa chifukwa chovulala. Mayi ake, Catherine, amagwira ntchito ngati mlengi. + +Ziwoneka + +FIFA 17 +Nkhani yaikulu: FIFA 17 +Tikudziwitsidwa ndi Alex pamene akupikisana ndi mnyamata wake wa U-11 ku London ya Clapham Common. Pamene zochitikazo zikufalikira, timakumananso ndi mamembala ambiri a The Journey cast: Alex, yemwe anali bwenzi lake lapamtima la Gareth Walker, amayi ake Catherine, bambo awo Harold, ndi agogo aamuna Jim. Pambuyo pa mpikisano wothamanga woopsa, nkhaniyi ikudutsa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri kuti iwonongeke ku National Football Academy komwe Alex ndi Gareth akukhamukira kuti akondweretse a Premier League. Apa ndi pomwe Alex akukumana ndi Danny Williams, wosewera mpira wothamanga pa mpikisano wochokera kunja omwe amapatsa Alex nthawi yovuta. + +Alex atatsiriza chigamulocho, adayandikira Michael Taylor ndipo amamulemba kuti akhale woyang'anira wake woyamba. Michael akulandira Alex mgwirizano ndi kampani ya Premier League yomwe adasankha, ndipo patapita nthawi tinapeza kuti Gareth nayenso adasainira kalabu yomweyo. Achinyamata awiriwa amapita ku preseason ku United States palimodzi, koma Alex amangokhalira kuchita kaye kaye kaye kaye kaye atapeza kuti gululi lalemba chikondwerero-kutanthauza kuti akukongoza ngongole ya Championship. + +Alex atangofika ku gulu lake latsopano, akuthamangira ku "bwenzi" lakale-Danny Williams. Alex akukweza ngongoleyo pamodzi ndi Danny pamene awiriwa akugwirizana kwambiri (komanso ubwenzi), koma akukumbukira mwadzidzidzi kwa gulu la kholo lake pakati pa nyengoyi. Timazindikira kuti izi zatheka chifukwa cha kuchoka kwa gulu la Gareth-chifukwa cha mpikisano wawo wamkulu-ndipo Alex akuyenera kudzaza nsapato za bwenzi lake lakale. + +Kuchita bwino pamene adabwerera ku kampu amapeza Alex pamalo oyamba ku XI mu komaliza la FA Cup motsutsana ndi omenyana nawo kwambiri-ndi Gareth wake wakale. Ngakhale kuti mwayesetsana kwambiri pamasewera omwe Gareth amapita kutali kwambiri, awiriwa amavomereza mwachidule pambuyo-mosasamala kanthu kuti amupindula ndani. + +Ulendowu umayenda ndi Alex ndi Danny akusewera FIFA pomwe Alex adapeza kuti wasankhidwa ndi ochita masewera omwe angakumane ndi timu ya ku England posachedwa. + +FIFA 18 +Nkhani yaikulu: FIFA 18 + +Tsopano kuti adzikhazikitsanso ndi kampani yake ya Premier League, Alex akupita kukalalikira ku United States kuti adziwe ngati Real Madrid ndi Los Angeles Galaxy. Kumapeto kwa nthawi yake ku Los Angeles, Alex akuthamangira kwa abambo ake a Harold, omwe akukhala ku United States ndipo akufuna kubwereranso. +Mbalameyi itabwerera ku England, Michael Taylor adamuuza Alex kuti amuuze kuti Real Madrid akufuna kumugula. Posakhalitsa akukumana ndi Real ku USA ndikukumana ndi Cristiano Ronaldo, Alex akuyendetsa polojekitiyi polemba pempho. Zonsezi zimakhala zabodza ndipo zikugwera, kuwononga mbiri ya Alex ndi chigamu ndi mafanizi ake. + +Ali ndi zosankha zambiri zomwe zatsala posachedwa ndipo posachedwa kutseka mawindo, Alex akusankha kupita ku LA Galaxy Harold atamuitana ndikuthandiza kusamuka. Alex akubwezeretsanso mawonekedwe ake ndikudalira MLS, kuthandiza Galaxy kufika pa Playoffs (ndipo mwinamwake zambiri). Amakumananso ndi Kim Hunter, mlongo wake yemwe Harold sanamuuzepo za iye. Ngakhale kuti sakufuna chilichonse chokhudza Kim, Alex akukwiyira bambo ake pambali ndikuthandizira mchemwali wake pamene akuitanidwa ku United States National Team. + +Alex akudumphadumpha ku MLS akukwera mpira, ndipo akukhala ndi mabungwe akuluakulu ku Ulaya. Atapanga chisankho ndipo ali ndi chigamulo chodalirika ndi gulu lake latsopano, Alex akuvulaza bondo zomwe zimamulepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa miyezi ingapo. Gululi limatha kutumiza Alex ku Los Angeles kuti akonzedwe, zomwe zimamupatsanso mpata woti azigwirizana naye (kenako kumaphunzitsa) Kim. + +Atawachiritsa bwino madokotala, Alex adabwerera ku Ulaya kuti adzigwirizanenso ndi gulu lake m'nyengo yotsalayo. Iye amakondwera ndi machitidwe olimba kuti atseke nyengoyi, kenako akubwereranso ku Los Angeles ndi agogo ake aamuna Jim. Pambuyo pamisonkhano yoyamba pakati pa Jim ndi Kim, Alex amalandira foni kuchokera kwa wothandizira omwe akuyimira anzake ake. Akupempha msonkhano, kumuuza kuti ngati iye ali womusitomala iye "adzakhala mtsogoleri wa Real Madrid pakalipano." + +FIFA 19 +Nkhani yaikulu: FIFA 19 +Hunter yayikidwa kuti iwonetseke mu gawo lachitatu ndi lotsiriza la The Journey in FIFA 19, yotchedwa The Journey: Champions. M'nyumba iyi ya Hunter imasintha Real Madrid ndipo imakhala yowonera masewerawa Cristiano Ronaldo anapita ku Juventus. Pamene FIFA 19 ili ndi chilolezo chonse cha Champions League Hunter adagwirizananso ndi Real Madrid chifukwa cha ulemerero wa Champions League. Hunter adanena izi ponena za kusamukira ku Real Madrid: "Ndizo zonse zomwe ndakhala ndikufuna, zosavuta monga". Anapitiriza kuti: "Kuti ndigwirizane ndi Real Madrid, gulu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndimomwe mwana wanga amandifunira. Ndipo pamwamba pa zonsezi, ndikungopeza mwayi woti ndichite nawo masewera akuluakulu a masewerawa. dziko, UEFA Champions League ". + +Kulandira ndi kuthandizira + +Zolemba + + Anthu Achichepere Othandiza +Achinyamata osewera mpira +Agulugufe kawirikawiri ndi tizilombo tomwe timawuluka pa dongosolo la Lepidoptera. Iwo amasonkhana pamodzi mu gawo la Rhopalocera. Tizilomboti timagwirizana kwambiri ndi njenjete, zomwe zinasinthika. + +Moyo wa agulugufe umagwirizana kwambiri ndi maluwa, zomwe mphutsi zawo (mbozi) zimadyetsa, ndipo akuluakulu amadyetsa ndi kuika mazira awo. Iwo ali ndi mbiriyakale yokhazikika ya co-kusinthika ndi zomera. Zambiri mwazomwe zimapangidwira zomera zimagwirizana ndi zofufumitsa zawo, ndipo mosiyana ndi izi. Zina mwazidziwikidwe za agulugufe ndi mitundu yawo yambiri ndi mitundu, ndi mapiko awo. Izi zikufotokozedwa pansipa. + +Mitambo ya Angiosperms (maluwa) inasinthika ku Lower Cretaceous, koma siinali yowonekera mpaka ku Upper Cretaceous. Ziwombankhanga zinali gulu lalikulu kwambiri la tizilombo kuti liwoneke padziko lapansi. Iwo anasintha kuchokera ku njenjete mu Cretaceous yatsopano kapena Cainozoic yakale kwambiri. Zakale zakale zagulugufe zodziwika bwino zagulugufe zinayamba kufika pakati pa nyengo ya Eocene, pakati pa zaka 40 mpaka 50 miliyoni zapitazo. + +Monga njenjete, agulugufe ali ndi mapiko anayi omwe ali ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Pamene gulugufe siliuluka, mapiko ake nthawi zambiri amawaponyera kumbuyo kwake. Mapikowa amawonekedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala achikasu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya agulugufe. Amuna ndi akazi a mtundu uliwonse amakhala osiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake. Kuwoneka kwa tizilomboti timakonda kujambula. Anthu ena amasunganso magulufegufe omwe adagwira. + +Mofanana ndi tizilombo tonse timene timakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, moyo wa gulugufe umadutsamo magawo anayi. Zimayamba ngati dzira, lomwe limalowa mu mphutsi (mbozi). Patapita nthawi, mphutsiyo imakhala chrysalis. Pamene ili mu siteji ya chrysalis, imakhala butterfly. Agulugufe kameneka amatulutsa kunja ndikuika mazira ambiri. + +Zosokoneza ndi chitetezo + +Zosokoneza +Zilombo zazikuluzikulu za agulugufe ndi mbalame, monga momwe zidyanja zazikuluzikulu za njenjete zimatha. Komanso nyani ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi mitengo ndi zinyama, ndi tizilombo tina ndi akangaude. Ndithudi zinyama zonse ndi abulu ali ndi masomphenya abwino, kotero kuti mtundu wa butterfly umagwira ntchito mofanana ndi iwo momwe izo zimachitira pa mbalame. + +Chitetezo +Mitundu yodabwitsa ndi mapangidwe pamapiko ndi thupi zimatha kumveka bwino malinga ndi ntchito yawo. Zina mwa ntchito zoonekera kwambiri za mtundu ndi: +Kutseketsa: kuteteza tizilombo kukhala tcheru kuwona +Kuwonetsera kwa zinyama zina +Kuchenjeza mitundu: kusindikiza kwa zinyama zina kuti zisagwidwe +Mimicry: kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina wa mitundu yochenjeza +Kusankha kugonana: kupeza wokwatirana +Mitundu ina ya chizindikiro +Kusokonezeka +Yoyamba kutetezera: Kuwala kosayembekezereka kwa mtundu kapena mapepala a maso + +Mayendedwe amoyo +Ziwombankhanga zimadutsa mwakuya kwathunthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mbali zinayi m'moyo wa agulugufe. Mbali yoyamba ndi dzira. Mbali yachiwiri ndi mbozi (nthawi zina imatchedwa larva). Gawo lachitatu ndi chrysalis (nthawi zina amatchedwa pupa). Gawo lachinayi ndilo wamkulu (nthawi zina amatchedwa imago). + +Mazira + +Gulugufe wamkazi amaika mazira ake pafupi kapena pafupi ndi chomera cha mbozi (chakudya chomera ndi chomera chimene mbozi imadyetsa). Mkaziyo adzasankha malo oti aziyikira mazira pogwiritsa ntchito fungo, kulawa, kugwira, ndi kuona. Mitundu yambiri idzayika dzira limodzi pa chomera. Ena adzayika magulu a mazira asanu mpaka 100 pa chomera. Mitundu yambiri imayika mazira awo pa masamba a chomera. Ena adzawaika pa maluwa, zimayambira, makungwa, kapena zipatso za zomera. + +Mazira amabwera maonekedwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kukhala ozungulira kapena ovundala, ndi omveka. Mu mitundu ina, chipolopolo cha dzira chimagwedezeka. Mitundu yowoneka bwino mu mazira a butterfly ndi achikasu ndi ofiira. Mazirawo adzasanduka mdima asanayambe kugwira ntchito. Ndiponso, agulugufe ena amatenga tsiku kuti atuluke mazira, pamene ena angatenge miyezi. + +Komatsu + +Mbozi za mphutsi zimatha kukula, mtundu, ndi mawonekedwe. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi misinkhu, mabala, kapena zofutukuka za thupi zofewa. Mbozi zonse zili ndi zigawo 13 za thupi. Zigawo zitatu zoyambirira zimapanga thorax. Katemera amakhala ndi miyendo itatu ya miyendo. Miyendo imeneyi imatchedwa miyendo yeniyeni. Zigawo zina 10 zimapanga mimba. Mimba ili ndi miyendo isanu ya miyendo yofewa yotchedwa prolegs. Zilondazi zimakhala ndi zingwezing'ono kumapeto kwa phazi lililonse. Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsabe ku zinthu. Zikopa zimatchedwa crochets. + +Nkhupa +Nkhupa (zambiri, ziphuphu) zimapangidwa pambuyo pomaliza molt. Mbozi idzapeza malo apadera kuti pupate (pupate amatanthauza kusintha kukhala pupa). Tsamba la m'mimba limachotsedwa. Mbozi imatulutsa khungu lake. Nkhupa tsopano yatsegulidwa. Matenda a mbozi amathyoledwa ndi kumangidwanso m'magulu a gulugufe. Nkhupa sangathe kusuntha. Icho chimamangirizidwa ku chinthu ndi zingwe zing'onozing'ono kumapeto kwa mimba. Zikopa izi zimapanga chomwe chimatchedwa cremaster. Pali mabowo ang'onoang'ono pa pupa. Amalola mpweya wopuma kulowa mkati ndi kunja kwa pupa. + +Nkhumba zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuti nyama zowonongeka ziwonongeke. Mbalame zina (m'banja la Hesperiidae ndi a Parnassiinae ndi a Satyrinae) zimapanga malo okhala ndi silika ndi masamba kuti adziteteze akakhala achikulire. Nyumbazi zimatchedwa cocoons. Amagulu a butterfly ambiri samakhala ndi makoko kuti aziteteze okha. M'malo mwake, ziphuphu zimakhala ndi mitundu yofiirira kapena yobiriwira kuti idzidzidzimutse pakati pa masamba ndi nthambi. Mankhusu omwe alibe cocoons amatchedwa chrysalids kapena chrysalises. + +Kupulumuka +Ena agulugufe akhoza kukhala m'mavuto chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo. Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa nkhalango ndi udzu, mitundu ina ya agulugufe alibe malo odyetsa ndi kuika mazira. Pofuna kuthandiza, anthu ena amabzala munda wa butterfly ndi maluwa okhala ndi timadzi tokoma kuti agulugufe azidya. Anthu ena amasunga zomera zomwe agulugufe amaika mazira, ndipo amasangalala kuyang'anitsitsa mbozi ndikudya zomera. Mipiritsi ya mankhwala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tizilombo tizilombo tisawonongeke m'munda wamaluwa, komanso iphani agulugufe. + +Zolemba +Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (anabadwa 5 February 1985) ndi mphukira wa Chipwitikizi amene amachitira patsogolo pa chigwirizano cha Italiya Juventus ndi timu ya Portugal. Kawirikawiri amaganiziridwa ngati wosewera mpira mdziko lonse ndipo ambiri amaona kuti ndi mmodzi mwa osewera kwambiri, Ronaldo ali ndi zolemba zisanu za Ballon d'Or, omwe ndi ochita maseŵera a ku Ulaya, ndipo ndi ochita maseŵera oyamba kuti apambane anayi a ku European Golden Shoes. Iye wapambana masewera 26 mu ntchito yake, kuphatikizapo maudindo asanu a ligi, maudindo asanu a UEFA Champions League ndi UEFA European Championship. Ronaldo ali ndi zolemba zambiri zomwe amapeza m'mipikisano yambiri ya Ulaya (395), UEFA Champions League (120), UEFA European Championship (9), komanso omwe akuthandizira ambiri mu UEFA Champions League (34) ndi UEFA European Championship (6). Iye wapanga zolinga zapamwamba zoposa 670 za klabu ndi dziko. + +Atabadwira komanso analeredwa ku Madeira pachilumba cha Madeira, Ronaldo anapeza kuti ali ndi mtima wopikisana ali ndi zaka 15. Iye anachitapo opaleshoni kuti athetse vuto lake, ndipo adayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Sporting CP, asanayambe kulemba ndi Manchester United ali ndi zaka 18 2003. Atapambana chigamulo chake, FA Cup, pa nyengo yake yoyamba ku England, inathandiza United kupambana mayina atatu a Premier League, dzina la UEFA Champions League, ndi FIFA Club World Cup. Ali ndi zaka 22, adalandira mpira wa Ballon d'Or ndi FIFA World Player ya Chaka chomwe adasankhidwa ndipo ali ndi zaka 23, adalandira mpira wake woyamba woyamba wa Ballon d'Or ndi FIFA World Player ya Chaka Chaka. Mchaka cha 2009, Ronaldo ndiye adakwera mtengo wa mpira wautali kwambiri pamene adachoka ku Manchester United kupita ku Real Madrid pa mtengo wotsika mtengo wa € 94 miliyoni (£ 80 miliyoni). + +Ku Madrid, Ronaldo anapambana mayina 15, kuphatikizapo maina awiri a La Liga, awiri a Copas del Rey, maudindo anayi a UEFA Champions League, awiri UEFA Super Cups, ndi atatu FIFA Club World Cups. Ronaldo adalemba mavoti 34 La Liga hat-tricks, kuphatikizapo zolemba zisanu ndi zitatu zokha zomwe zinapangidwa mu 2014-15 ndipo ndi yekhayo amene angakwanitse kukwaniritsa zolinga makumi asanu ndi limodzi mu nyengo zisanu ndi ziwiri za Liga. Ronaldo atapitanso ku Madrid, Ronaldo adathamangitsira mpira wa Ballon d'Or katatu, akutsatira Lionel Messi, yemwe adamukonda kwambiri, asanapambane ndi Ballons d'Or mchaka cha 2013 ndi 2014. Atatha kupambana ndi masewera a 2016 ndi 2017 Ronaldo adatsitsimutsanso Ballons d'Or kumbuyo kwa 2016 ndi 2017. Chotsatira chachitatu cha Champions League chotsatira chinatsatira, kupanga Ronaldo kukhala wochita masewera olimbitsa katatu. Mu 2018, adasainira Juventus ndalama zokwana € 100 miliyoni, ndalama zambiri zomwe adazilipira kwa wosewera mpira wazaka 30, ndipo wapamwamba kwambiri amalipidwa ndi gulu la Italy. + +Ronaldo wotchedwa Portugal, adatchedwa Portugal Football Federation nthawi zonse ndi 2015. Iye adapanga dziko la Portugal m'chaka cha 2003 ali ndi zaka 18, ndipo wakhala akukhala ndi zikuluzikulu zoposa 150, kuphatikizapo kuwonekera ndi kukweza masewera asanu ndi atatu masewera, kukhala mchenga wotchuka kwambiri ku Portugal komanso dziko la dziko lonse lapansi. Anakwaniritsa cholinga chake choyamba pa Euro 2004 ndipo adathandiza Portugal kufika pamapeto. Anagonjetsa captaincy mu July 2008, akutsogolera Portugal kuti apambane pa mpikisano waukulu pomaliza mpikisano wa Euro 2016, ndipo adalandira Silver Boot kukhala mpikisano wachiwiri wa masewerawo, asanakhale wopambana kwambiri pa mayiko a ku Ulaya. nthawi + +Moyo wakuubwana +Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro anabadwira ku São Pedro, Funchal, ku Portugal ndipo anakulira ku parish ya Funchal ya Santo António, monga mwana wamng'ono kwambiri wa Maria Dolores dos Santos Aveiro, wophika, ndi José Dinis Aveiro, woyang'anira minda ya boma ndi gawo -ndipo nthawi yamwamuna. Dzina lake lachiwiri, "Ronaldo", anasankhidwa pambuyo pake-U.S. Pulezidenti Ronald Reagan. Ali ndi mkulu wachikulire, Hugo, ndi alongo awiri aakulu, Elma ndi Liliana Cátia. Agogo ake aakazi, Isabel da Piedade, anali ochokera ku São Vicente, Cape Verde. Ronaldo anakulira m'banja lachikatolika ndi laumphaŵi, akugawana chipinda ndi mbale wake ndi alongo ake. + +Pokhala mwana, Ronaldo ankasewera gulu la amateur Andorinha kuyambira 1992 mpaka 1995, komwe bambo ake anali munthu wamkati, ndipo anakhala zaka ziwiri ndi Nacional. Mu 1997, ali ndi zaka 12, adaweruzidwa masiku atatu ndi Sporting CP, yemwe adamulembera ndalama zokwanira £ 1,500. Pambuyo pake adachoka ku Madeira kupita ku Alcochete, pafupi ndi Lisbon, kuti adze nawo anyamata ena a Sporting ku mpira wa mpira. Ndili ndi zaka 14, Ronaldo ankakhulupirira kuti akhoza kusewera masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo adagwirizana ndi amayi ake kuti asiye maphunziro ake kuti aganizire bwino mpira. Ngakhale kuti anali wotchuka ndi ophunzira ena kusukulu, adathamangitsidwa atapereka mpando kwa aphunzitsi ake, omwe anati "amamulemekeza". Komabe, patapita chaka chimodzi, adapezeka kuti ali ndi mtima wothamanga, chomwe chikanamukakamiza kusiya mpira .Ronaldo anachitidwa opaleshoni ya mtima pamene laser idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa njira zambiri za mtima, kusinthasintha kwake kwa mtima. Anamasulidwa kuchoka kuchipatala patangopita nthawi yowerengera ndikubwezeretsanso masiku angapo. + +Ntchito ya Club + +Sporting CP +Ali ndi zaka 16, Ronaldo adalimbikitsidwa kuchokera ku timu ya anyamata a Sporting ndi mtsogoleri wa timu yoyamba László Bölöni, yemwe adachita chidwi ndi kuthamanga kwake. Pambuyo pake, anakhala mchenga woyamba kusewera mpirawo, omwe ali ndi zaka zosachepera 16, zaka 17 ndi zocheperapo 18, gulu B, ndi gulu loyamba, onse mu nyengo imodzi.Patapita chaka, pa 7 Oktoba 2002, Ronaldo adayamba ku Primeira Liga, motsutsana ndi Moreirense, ndipo adakwaniritsa zolinga ziwiri pa mphindi zitatu. Pakatikati pa nyengo ya 2002-03, nthumwi zake zinamuuza woyang'anira Liverpool Gérard Houllier ndi pulezidenti wa Barcelona Joan Laporta. Mtsogoleri wa Arsène Wenger, yemwe ankafuna kulemba winger, adakumana naye kumalo a Arsenal mu November kuti akambirane za momwe angathere. + +Mtsogoleri wa Manchester United, Alex Ferguson, adafuna kuti Ronaldo azisunthira mwamsanga, Sporting itagonjetsa United 3-1 patsikulo la Estádio José Alvalade mu August 2003. Poyamba, United anali atangokonza Ronaldo ndikumulipira ngongoleyo Kubwerera ku Zosewera kwa chaka. Atachita chidwi ndi osewera a Manchester United, adamuuza Ferguson kuti amusinthe. Pambuyo pa masewerawa, Ferguson adavomereza kulipira Sporting £ 12.24 miliyoni pa zomwe ankaona kuti ndi "mmodzi wa osewera osewera kwambiri" omwe adawawonapo. Zaka khumi atachoka ku kampu, mu April 2013, Sporting adamulemekeza Ronaldo pomusankha kuti akhale membala wawo 100,000. + +Manchester United + +2003-07: Kupititsa patsogolo ndi kupambana + +2007-09: Phindu limodzi ndi aliyense + +Real Madrid + +2009-13: Kutumiza dziko lonse ndi La Liga + +Pambuyo pa nyengo ya 2009-10, Ronaldo adagwirizanitsa Real Madrid ndi ndalama zokwana £ 80 miliyoni (€ 94 miliyoni). Msonkhano wake, umene unapitilira mpaka 2015, unali wokwanira € 11 miliyoni pachaka ndipo unali ndi chigamulo chogulitsa € 1 biliyoni. Mafilimu okwana 80,000 adapezeka ku Santiago Bernabéu, kupitirira zaka 25 za mafilimu 75,000 omwe adalandira Diego Maradona ku Napoli. Ronaldo adalandira sheti ya nambala 9, yomwe idaperekedwa kwa iye yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa Madrid, Alfredo Di Stéfano. + +Ronaldo adayamba ku La Liga pa 29 August 2009, motsutsana ndi Deportivo La Coruña, ndipo adapeza malo otsekedwa ku chipinda cha 3-2 cha Madrid. Iye adalemba muzitsulo zake zonse zoyambilira ndi klabu, mchenga woyamba wa Madrid kuti achite zimenezo. + +Zolinga zake zoyamba za Champions League za gululi zinatsatidwa ndi zikhazikitso ziwiri m "gulu loyambalo motsutsana ndi Zürich. Chiyambi chake cholimba cha nyengoyi, komabe, anadodometsedwa pamene adamva kuvulala kwa minofu mu Oktoba pamene anali kuntchito padziko lonse, zomwe zinamupangitsa kuti azikhala kwa milungu isanu ndi iwiri. Patatha sabata itabwerera, adalandira khadi lake lofiira loyamba lachifiira ku Spain mumsinkhu wolimbana ndi Almería. Pakati pa nyengoyi, Ronaldo adaika mzere wachiwiri kwa mpira wa Ballon d'Or ndi mphoto ya FIFA World Player ya Chaka, pambuyo pa Lionel Messi wa Barcelona], odana nawo a Madrid. Anatsiriza polojekitiyi ndi zolinga 33 mu mpikisano zonse, kuphatikizapo chikhomo cha 4-1 kupambana ndi Mallorca pa 5 May 2010, yoyamba ku mpikisano wa ku Spain. His first season at Real Madrid ended trophyless. + +Raúl atachoka, Ronaldo anapatsidwa malaya 7 a Real Madrid patsogolo pake Nyengo ya 2010-11. Zotsatira zake zinabwerera ku mawonekedwe ake a Ballon d'Or zinagwidwa pamene, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu ntchito yake, Iye adakwaniritsa zolinga zinayi pamsasa umodzi pa 6-1 kupambana ndi Racing Santander pa 23 Oktoba. Kukweza kwake kunatsiriza masewero asanu ndi atatu otsatizana-atatu ku La Liga, wina ku Champions League, ndipo awiri a Portugal-omwe anali ndi zolinga 11, zomwe adazipeza m'mwezi umodzi. Ronaldo anapezanso zida zotsutsana ndi Athletic Bilbao, Levante, Villarreal, ndi Málaga. Despite his performance, he failed to make the podium for the inaugural FIFA Ballon d'Or at the end of 2010. + +Pamsonkhano wazaka zinayi za Clásicos otsutsana ndi Barcelona mu April 2011, Ronaldo adalemba kawiri kuti alingane mbiri yake ya 42 pa mpikisano wonse mu nyengo imodzi. Ngakhale kuti analephera kupeza maukonde pamene Madrid adatha kuthetsa masewera a Champions League, adatsutsana ndi malo omwe adzalandire mpikisanowu ndipo adapeza cholinga chogonjetsa maminiti 103 mu Copa del Rey. kuwombera koyamba ku Spain. Pa milungu iwiri yotsatira, Ronaldo adajambula zojambula zinayi motsutsana ndi Sevilla, chipewa chotsutsana ndi Getafe ndipo adagonjetsa Villarreal, akutsatira zilembo 38, zomwe zinalembedwa ndi Telmo Zarra ndi Hugo Sánchez. Zolinga zake ziwiri mu macheza otsiriza a nyengoyi, motsutsana ndi Almería, adamuika kukhala mchenga woyamba ku La Liga kuti apeze masomphenya 40. + +Juventus + +2018–19 +Pambuyo pa sabata imodzi yowonongeka, pa July 10, 2018, Ronaldo adasainira mgwirizano wa zaka zinayi ndi chigamulo cha Italiya Juventus atamaliza ndalama zokwana € 100 miliyoni, kuphatikizapo ndalama zothandizana ndi magulu a achinyamata a Ronaldo ndi € 12 miliyoni zina. Kusamutsidwa kunali kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa wosewera mpira wazaka zoposa 30, ndipo wapamwamba kwambiri omwe adalandiridwa ndi chipinda cha Italy. Ronaldo adanena kuti akufunika kuti adziwe ngati akufunika kuchoka pa Real Madrid. Ronaldo adagonjetsa Juventus pamsasa wawo wa Serie A pa 18 August, kupambana kwa Chimwevo 3-2. + +Zolemba +Mfundo + +Ndemanga + +Kuwerenga kwina + +Zogwirizana zakunja + +Official website +Mbiri ya Real Madrid +Cristiano Ronaldo – La Liga zolembetsa makina +Cristiano Ronaldo – FPF zolembetsa makina +Rangano Nyoni (wobadwa pa May 17, 1982) ndi wojambula filimu wa Zambian-Welsh komanso wolemba masewerawa omwe amadziwa bwino filimu I Sitiri Mfiti imene inalembedwa ndi kulembedwa mu filimu yake yoyamba. Pulogalamu yake yoyamba, The List, inapambana BAFTA Cymru mu 2010. + +Ntchito +Atabadwira ku Zambia, anasamukira ku Wales ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Wophunzira pa yunivesite ya Arts ku London, adatsogolera mafilimu angapo ochepa (List, Mwansa Wamkulu, Mverani), omwe adalandira mphoto yake komanso kutsutsidwa. Mvetserani (Kuuntele) amalandira Best Short Film Award ku Tribeca Film Festival mu 2015. Choyamba chachabechabe chake, Ine Sindiri Wamatsenga, ndinasankhidwa pa Phwando la Mafilimu la Cannes 2017 la Otsogolera. The Best Director ndi Best Director Award pa filimu yoyamba pa 20th British Independent Film Awards 2017. + +Filmography + +Wofotokoza Mafilimu / Mafilimu Olemba / Mafilimu Anapangidwa + +Actress + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1982 +Sir Isaac Newton PRS FRS (25 December 1642 - 20 March 1726/27) anali katswiri wa masamu, katswiri wa zakuthambo, katswiri wa zaumulungu, wolemba ndi fizikia (yemwe anafotokozedwa mu tsiku lake ngati "filosofi yachilengedwe") yemwe amadziwika kwambiri kuti ndi mmodzi mwa asayansi otchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse, ndi chiwerengero chofunikira pa zasinthidwe. Buku lake lakuti Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), loyamba lofalitsidwa mu 1687, linakhazikitsidwa maziko a makina achilengedwe. + +Newton anafotokoza zochitika za chilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito masamu. Iye anafotokoza malamulo a kuyendayenda ndi kugwidwa. Malamulo amenewa ndi masamu omwe amafotokoza momwe zinthu zimasunthira pamene mphamvu imawathandiza. Isaac anasindikiza buku lake lotchuka kwambiri, Principia, mu 1687 pamene anali pulofesa wa masamu ku Trinity College, Cambridge. Mu Principia, Isake anafotokoza malamulo atatu omwe amayendetsa njira zomwe zimayenda. Kenako anafotokoza lingaliro lake, kapena lingaliro, za mphamvu yokoka. Mphamvu yokoka ndi mphamvu imene imayambitsa zinthu. Ngati pensulo idagwa pa desiki, idzagwa pansi, osati padenga. Mu bukhu lake Isaac adagwiritsanso ntchito malamulo ake kusonyeza kuti mapulaneti amayenda kuzungulira dzuŵa m'mitsinje yomwe ili yozungulira, osati yozungulira. Isake anazindikiranso zosiyana. Izi zinamupangitsa kuti alowe m'munda wafizikiki, kumene iye anayenda bwino. + +Moyo wam'mbuyomu ndi ntchito yoyambirira +Isaac Newton anabadwa pa 25 December 1642, m'nyumba ya nyumba ku Lincolnshire, England. Bambo ake anamwalira miyezi itatu asanabadwe. Pamene Isaki anali ndi amayi ake atatu, anakwatiwanso, ndipo Isaki anakhala ndi agogo ake. Iye sankafuna chidwi ndi famu ya banja, choncho anatumizidwa ku yunivesite ya Cambridge kuti akaphunzire. Nthaŵi zina amauzidwa kuti Isaac Newton akuwerenga buku pansi pa mtengo pamene apulo kuchokera pamtengo anagwa pafupi ndi iye. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti aziwerengera mphamvu yokoka. + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1642 +Akufa mu 1727 +Paulo Mtumwi (Chilatini: Paulus; Chigiriki: Παῦλος, translit. Paũlus, Coptic: ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ; c. 5 - c 64 kapena 67), amene amadziwika kuti Paulo Woyera komanso wodziwika ndi dzina lake lachiyuda lakuti Saulo wa ku Tariso (Chihebri: שאול התרסי, translit. Sha'ūl ha-Tarsī; Chigiriki: Σαῦλος Ταρσεύς, translit. Saũlos Tarseús),{{cite web|url=http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447019/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle|title="Saint Paul, the Apostle." Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition|publisher=global.britannica.com|accessdate=12 August 2016|archive-date=20 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131120123143/http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/447019/Saint-Paul-the-Apostle|url-status=dead}} anali mtumwi (ngakhale osati mmodzi wa Atumwi khumi ndi awiri) amene adaphunzitsa uthenga wa Khristu ku dziko la zana loyamba. + +Mayina +Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti dzina la Saulo linasinthika pamene anakhala wotsatira wa Yesu Khristu, koma si choncho. Dzina lake lachiyuda linali "Saulo" (Chiheberi: שָׁאוּל, Modern Sha'ûl, Tiberian Šā'ûl, "anapempha kuti, apemphere, adakhokwe"), mwina pambuyo pa Mfumu Sauli, bwenzi la Benjamini ndi mfumu yoyamba ya Israeli. Malingana ndi Bukhu la Machitidwe, iye anali nzika ya Roma. Monga nzika ya Roma, adatchedwanso dzina lachilatini la "Paulo" -chi Greek: Παῦλος (Paulos), ndi Chilatini: Paulus. Zinali zofanana kuti Ayuda a nthawi imeneyo akhale ndi mayina awiri, Chiheberi chimodzi, Chilatini china kapena Chigiriki. + +Yesu anamutcha "Saulo, Saulo" mu "chilankhulo cha Chihebri" m'buku la Machitidwe, pamene anaona masomphenya omwe adatsogolera kutembenuka pa njira yaku Damasiko. Pambuyo pake, m'masomphenya kwa Hananiya wa ku Damasiko, "Ambuye" anamutcha "Saulo wa ku Tariso". Hananiya atabwera kudzabwezeretsa nkhope yake, adamutcha "M'bale Saulo". + +Mu Machitidwe 13: 9, Saulo amatchedwa "Paulo" kwa nthawi yoyamba pachilumba cha Kupro-patatha nthawi yomwe adatembenuka. Wolemba (Luka) akusonyeza kuti mayinawo anali osinthika: "Saulo, amenenso amatchedwa Paulo." Pambuyo pake amatchula kuti Paulo, mwachionekere Paulo ankakonda kuchokera pamene amatchedwa Paulo m'mabuku ena onse a m'Baibulo kumene adatchulidwa, kuphatikizapo zomwe adalemba. Kulemba dzina lake lachiroma kunali kofanana ndi kachitidwe kaumishonale kwa Paulo. Njira yake inali kuyika anthu omasuka ndi kuwafikira ndi uthenga wake m'chinenero ndi kalembedwe zomwe anganene, monga 1 Akorinto 9: 19-23. + +Nkhani ya m'Baibulo +Dzina la Paulo linali poyamba Saulo (osati kuti asokonezeke ndi Mfumu Saulo kuchokera m'mabuku a Samueli mu Chipangano Chakale). Anakulira kuphunzira malamulo onse achiyuda ndi njira zachi Greek zofotokozera zinthu. Ife tikuyamba kudziwonekera kwa Saulo mu Baibulo pafupi ndi mapeto a Machitidwe 7. Mpingo wachikhristu unayamba ndi kuuka ndi kukwera kwa Yesu. Saulo anali kutsutsana kwambiri ndi izi, ndipo anali wokondwa pamene ankayang'ana Woyera Stefano, wofera chikhulupiriro choyamba wa Yesu, akuphedwa ndi kumuponya miyala atapereka mawu omwe anakwiya ndi khoti lachiyuda. Anagwira ntchito pa Boma lachiroma ndipo anathandiza kutsogolera kumangidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa akhristu ambiri mu Israeli komanso pafupi. + +Pambuyo pake, Saulo anauzidwa kuti apite ku Damasiko kukapeza ndi kubwezeretsanso Akhristu kumeneko kuti adzalangidwe. Ali panjira, Mulungu adatsika kumwamba ndipo analankhula ndi Saulo. Baibulo limalongosola za zomwe zinachitika monga izi: + +Moyo wakuubwana +Zomwe zikuluzikulu ziwiri zomwe timapeza poyambirira pa ntchito ya Paulo ndi Bukhu la Machitidwe komanso zolemba za Paulo za makalata oyambirira kumidzi ya mpingo. Paulo ayenera kuti anabadwira pakati pa zaka za 5 BC ndi 5 AD. Bukhu la Machitidwe limasonyeza kuti Paulo anali mbadwa ya chi Roma, koma Helmut Koester amatsutsa ndi umboni umene ulipo. + +Anachokera ku banja lachiyuda lodzipereka mumzinda wa Tarsus, limodzi mwa malo akuluakulu amalonda ogombe la Mediterranean. Iyo idakhalapo zaka mazana angapo iye asanabadwe. Iyo inali yotchuka kwa yunivesite yake. Panthawi ya Alexander Wamkulu, yemwe adamwalira mu 323 BC, Tariso ndiwo mzinda wokhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri ku Asia Minor. Paulo anadzitcha yekha "wochokera kwa Israeli, wa fuko la Benjamini, Mhebri wa Ahebri; ponena za lamulo, Mfarisi". + +Baibulo silinena zambiri za banja la Paulo. Mwana wa mchimwene wa Paulo, mwana wa mlongo wake, akutchulidwa mu . Machitidwe amatsindiranso Paulo ponena za atate ake kuti iye, Paulo, anali "Mfarisi, mwana wa Mfarisi" (). Mu akunena kuti achibale ake, Andronicus ndi Yunia, anali akhristu asanakhalepo ndipo anali otchuka pakati pa atumwi. + +Kutembenuka + +Saulo atafika ku Damasiko, adatengedwera kwa Anania, mmodzi wa ophunzira a Yesu, kumene adamuwona ndikubatizidwa monga Mkhristu. Iye anakhala zaka zitatu zotsatira ndikuphunzira malemba Achiyuda kachiwiri kuti apeze tsatanetsatane za ziphunzitso zachikristu. Zimene anakumana nazo zinasintha maganizo ake. Anasintha dzina lake kukhala Paulo ndipo adapatulira moyo wake kuti atumikire Yesu Khristu. Anagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ake oyambirira kufotokozera chikhulupiriro chake chatsopano kwa anthu ena komanso kukambirana ndi anthu omwe anali ndi zikhulupiriro zina. + +Anayenda kuzungulira Ufumu wa Roma, kuphunzitsa ena za Chikhristu, ndipo analemba makalata mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo ndi mipingo yomwe iye anathandiza kuti ayambe. Makalata ali ndi zigawo zambiri zofunikira za chiphunzitso chachikristu ndipo kuyambira pano akhala mbali ya Chipangano Chatsopano cha Baibulo, kubwera pakati pa Machitidwe a Atumwi ndi Makalata Akuluakulu. Sitikudziwika ngati Paulo analembadi makalata onsewa, kapena ngati anthu ena akanatha kulemba makalata ake. Chimodzi mwa makalata amenewa amawerengedwa pa Misa ngati yachiwiri mwa mawerengedwe awiri omwe amadza patsogolo pa Uthenga Wabwino. + +Ngakhale kuti Baibulo silinena momwe Paulo adafera, zinauzidwa kuti Paulo anaphedwa ndi lamulo la mfumu Nero ku Roma, mu 67 AD. Iye anali ndi ufulu wa nzika ya Roma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti iye akanakhoza kuphedwa pokhala atadula mutu wake ndi lupanga, osati kupachikidwa. + + Posintha-kutembenuka + +M'mavesi otsegulira a Aroma 1, Paulo akupereka litanyamuliro wa udindo wake wautumwi wolalikira pakati pa amitundu ndi zikhulupiriro zake zotsatila za Khristu woukitsidwayo. + Paulo adadzifotokozera yekha + mtumiki wa Yesu Khristu; + pokhala ndi zochitika zosayembekezereka, mwadzidzidzi, zochititsa mantha, chifukwa cha chisomo chonse  - osati chipatso cha malingaliro ake kapena malingaliro; + atawona Khristu monga anachitira atumwi ena pamene Khristu adawonekera kwa iye monga adawonekera kwa Petro, kwa Yakobo, kwa khumi ndi awiriwo, atauka kwa akufa; + akudwala matenda olepheretsa kukhala ndi umoyo umene amauza ngati "munga m'thupi"; + wotchedwa mtumwi; + Kulekanitsidwa kwa Uthenga Wabwino wa Mulungu. + Paulo adalongosola kuti Yesu ali + pokhala analonjezedwa ndi Mulungu kudzera mwa aneneri ake m'Malemba Opatulika; + kukhala mesiya woona ndi Mwana wa Mulungu; + kukhala ndi chikhalidwe chochokera kwa Davide ("monga mwa thupi"); + atatsimikiziridwa kukhala Mwana wa Mulungu mu mphamvu monga mwa Mzimu wa chiyero mwa kuukitsidwa kwake kwa akufa; + kukhala Yesu Khristu Ambuye wathu; + Amene tinalandira kudzera mwa chisomo ndi ulemelero kuti tibweretse kumvera kwa chikhulupiriro chifukwa cha dzina lake pakati pa amitundu onse, "kuphatikizapo inu omwe mwaitanidwira kukhala a Yesu Khristu". + Yesu + amakhala kumwamba; + ndi Mwana wa Mulungu; + posachedwa abwerere. + Mtanda + Iye adakhulupirira kuti imfa ya Yesu inali nsembe yaufulu yomwe inagwirizanitsa ochimwa ndi Mulungu. + Chilamulo + Iye tsopano anakhulupirira kuti lamulo limangowonetsa kukula kwa ukapolo wa anthu ku mphamvu ya uchi & nbsp; - Mphamvu yomwe iyenera kuthyoledwa ndi Khristu. + Amitundu + adakhulupirira kuti Amitundu anali kunja kwa pangano limene Mulungu adapanga ndi Israeli; + Iye tsopano anakhulupirira Amitundu ndi Ayuda anali ogwirizana monga anthu a Mulungu mwa Khristu Yesu. + Mdulidwe + adakhulupirira kuti mdulidwe ndiwo mwambo umene amuna adakhala mbali ya Israeli, malo amodzi mwa anthu osankhidwa a Mulungu; + Iye tsopano anakhulupirira kuti kusadulidwa kapena kusadulidwa kumatanthauza chirichonse, koma kuti cholengedwa chatsopano ndicho chofunikira pamaso pa Mulungu, ndikuti chilengedwe chatsopano ndi ntchito ya Khristu mu moyo wa okhulupirira, kuwapanga kukhala gawo la mpingo, gulu lophatikizana la Ayuda ndi Amitundu adagwirizanitsidwa ndi Mulungu kudzera mu chikhulupiriro. + Kuzunzidwa + adakhulupirira kuti chizunzo chake chinali chiwonetsero cha changu chake pa chipembedzo chake; + Iye tsopano adakhulupirira chidani cha Chiyuda kuti tchalitchi chinali chitsutso chotsutsa chomwe chingawathandize mkwiyo wa Mulungu; iye ankakhulupirira kuti iye anaimitsidwa ndi Khristu pamene ukali wake unali pautali wake; Anali kuzunza mpingo, "mwachangu" ndipo adalandira chifundo chifukwa "adachita mosadziwa m'kusakhulupirira". + Masiku Otsiriza + adakhulupirira kuti Mesiya wa Mulungu adzathetsa ukalamba woipa ndikuyambitsa nyengo yatsopano yolungama; + Iye adakhulupirira tsopano kuti izi zidzachitika muzigawo zomwe zinayamba ndi chiukitsiro cha Yesu, koma ukalamba udzapitirira kufikira Yesu atabweranso. + +Paulo ndi wofunikira kwambiri pa zaumulungu komanso zozizwitsa za zokhudzana ndi khalidwe labwino kapena labwino la Ayuda pamene akutsindika molimba mtima lingaliro la malo apadera kwa ana a Israeli. + +Pali mikangano yokhudza ngati Paulo amadzimva yekha ngati atumizidwa kutenga uthenga kwa amitundu panthawi yomwe adatembenuka. + +Imfa +Tsiku la imfa ya Paulo likukhulupiliridwa kuti lachitika pambuyo pa Moto Waukulu wa Roma mu Julai 64, koma chaka chatha chisanafike ku ulamuliro wa Nero, mu 68. + +Ikulongosola muzinthu zambiri: + I Clement (95-96 AD) akusonyeza kuti onse awiri Paulo ndi Peter anaphedwa. + Pali mwambo wakale womwe umapezeka mulemba la Ignati, mwinamwake pozungulira 110 AD, kuti Paulo anaphedwa. + Dionysius wa ku Korinto, kalata yopita kwa Aroma (166-174 AD), adanena kuti Paulo ndi Peter anaphedwa ku Italy. Eusebius amatchulanso ndime ya Dionysius. + Buku la Machitidwe a Paulo, lopatulika lomwe linalembedwa pafupifupi 160, limafotokoza za kuphedwa kwa Paulo. Malinga ndi Machitidwe a Paulo, Nero anadzudzula Paulo kuti afe pakuponyedwa pansi. + Tertullian m'Buku Lotsutsa Otsutsa (200 AD) akulemba kuti Paulo anali ndi imfa yofanana ndi ya Yohane Mbatizi, amene adadula mutu. + Eusebius wa ku Caesarea mu Church History (320 AD) akuchitira umboni kuti Paulo adadula mutu mu Roma ndipo Petro adapachikidwa. Iye analemba kuti manda a atumwi awiriwa, ndi zolemba zawo, analipo mu nthawi yake; ndipo akugwira mawu monga ulamuliro wake munthu woyera dzina lake Caius. + + Zolemba + + Malemba + + Aulén, Gustaf. Christus Victor (SPCK 1931) + Brown, Raymond E. An Introduction to the New Testament. Anchor Bible Series, 1997. + Brown, Raymond E. The Church the Apostles left behind (Chapman 1984) + Bruce, F.F. "Is the Paul of Acts the Real Paul?" Bulletin John Rylands Library 58 (1976) 283–305 + Bruce, F.F., Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free () + Carson, D.A.;Moo, D.J. An Introduction to the New Testament + Conzelmann, Hans, The Acts of the Apostles – A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles (Augsburg Fortress 1987) + Davies, W.D. Paul and Rabbinic Judaism: Some Rabbinic Elements in Pauline Theology. S.P.C.K., 3rd ed., 1970. + Davies, W.D. "The Apostolic Age and the Life of Paul" in Matthew Black, ed. Peake's Commentary on the Bible. London: T. Nelson, 1962. + Dunn, James D.G., Jesus, Paul, and the Gospels (Grand Rapids (MI), Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2011) + Dunn, James D.G., Jesus, Paul and the Law Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1990. + Hanson, Anthony T. Studies in Paul's Technique and Theology. Eerdmans, 1974. + Holzbach, Mathis Christian, Die textpragmat. Bedeutung d. Kündereinsetzungen d. Simon Petrus u.d. Saulus Paulus im lukan. Doppelwerk, in: Jesus als Bote d. Heils. Stuttgart 2008, 166–72. + Horrell, David G. "An Introduction to the Study of Paul". T&T Clark Approaches to Biblical Studies. 2nd edition. London: T&T Clark, 2006 + Irenaeus, Against Heresies Kim, Yung Suk. A Theological Introduction to Paul's Letters. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2011. + + Maccoby, Hyam. The Mythmaker: Paul and the Invention of Christianity. New York: Harper & Row, 1986. + MacDonald, Dennis Ronald, 1983. The Legend and the Apostle: The Battle for Paul in Story and Canon Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1983. + + Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome, Jesus and Paul: Parallel lives (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 2007) + Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome, Paul the Letter-Writer: His World, His Options, His Skills (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1995) + Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome, Paul: A Critical Life (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996) + Ogg, George. "Chronology of the New Testament". Matthew Black, ed. Peake's Commentary on the Bible. Nelson, 1962. + Rashdall, Hastings, The Idea of Atonement in Christian Theology (1919) + Ruef, John, Paul's First letter to Corinth (Penguin 1971) + Sanders, E. P., Paul and Palestinian Judaism (1977) + Segal, Alan F. Paul, the Convert, (New Haven/London, Yale University Press, 1990) + Segal, Alan F., "Paul, the Convert and Apostle" in Rebecca's Children: Judaism and Christianity in the Roman World (Harvard University Press 1986) + Spong, John Shelby, "The Man From Tarsus", in Rescuing the Bible From Fundamentalism, reprint ed. (New York: HarperCollins, 1992). + + + +Zogwirizana zakunja + Lecture on Paul of Tarsus s by Dr. Henry Abramson + Jewish Encyclopedia: Saul of Tarsus (known as Paul, the Apostle of the Heathen) + Catholic Encyclopedia: Paul of Tarsus + Documentary film on Apostle Paul + + Novena to Saint Paul Apostle + Paul's mission and letters From PBS Frontline series on the earliest Christians. + Representations of Saint Paul + "Saint Paul, the Apostle". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2009. + The Apostle and the Poet: Paul and Aratus Dr. Riemer Faber + The Apostle Paul's Shipwreck: An Historical Examination of Acts 27 and 28 + + Why Paul Went West: The Differences Between the Jewish Diaspora Biblical Archaeology Review'' + Santiebeati: Saint Paul + Catholic Online: Saint Paul + +Obadwa mu AD5 +Anamwalira mu 67 +Abrahamu(/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; Chiheberi: אַבְרָהָם‬, Zamakono ʾAvraham, Tiberian ʾAḇrāhām; Chiarabu: إبراهيم Ibrahim) (poyamba Abramu (Chihebri: אַבְרָם, Adiramu wamakono, Tiberiya Abramu)) ndi mwamuna mu Bukhu la Genesis ndi Qur'an. Kumeneku, akunenedwa kukhala atate wa Ayuda onse. Izi ndi chifukwa iye ndi kholo lawo. Abrahamu ndi mbali ya zipembedzo zachiyuda, zachikhristu ndi zachisilamu. Abrahamu akuonedwa ngati atate wa zipembedzo zitatuzi, zomwe zimatchedwa zipembedzo za Abrahamu.omari Kamona + +Abrahamu ndi atate wa Isaki ndi mkazi wake Sarah. Iye ali ndi Ismaeli ndi Hagara, mdzakazi wa Sarah, ndipo ali ndi ana ena ndi Keturah, amene amamkwatira pambuyo pa imfa ya Sarah. Ndi agogo ake a Yakobo ndi Esau. Abrahamu akukhulupilira kuti ndiye kholo lokhazikitsidwa la Aisrayeli, Aismaeli ndi Aedomu. Abrahamu anali mwana wachitatu wa Tera komanso mdzukulu wa Nahori. Abale ake a Abrahamu anali Nahori ndi Harana. + +Aneneri a Baibulo la Chiheberi +Plato anali mmodzi wa akatswiri achifilosofi Achigiriki. Anakhala kuyambira 427 BC mpaka 348 BC. Iye anali wophunzira wa Socrates ndi mphunzitsi wa Aristotle. Plato analemba za maganizo ambiri mu filosofi omwe adakalipo lero. Wofilosofi wamakono, (Alfred North Whitehead), ananena kuti filosofi yonse kuyambira Plato yakhala yongotchulapo za ntchito zake. Ambiri amadziwika kuti ndi ofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa filosofi, makamaka miyambo ya kumadzulo. Mosiyana ndi anthu ake onse afilosofi, ntchito yonse ya Plato ikukhulupirira kuti yapulumuka kwa zaka zoposa 2,400. + +Pogwirizana ndi aphunzitsi ake, Socrates, ndi wophunzira wake wotchuka kwambiri, Aristotle, Plato anakhazikitsa maziko a filosofi ya sayansi ndi sayansi. Kuphatikiza pa kukhala maziko a sayansi ya azungu, filosofi, ndi masamu, Plato amanenanso kuti ndi mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa chipembedzo chakumadzulo ndi zauzimu. Plato anali watsopano wa zokambirana zolembedwa ndi dialectic mu filosofi. Plato akuwoneka kuti ndiye amene anayambitsa zafilosofi zapakati pa Western, ndi Republic, ndi Malamulo pakati pa zokambirana zina, kupereka zina mwa mankhwala oyamba kwambiri a mafunso a ndale kuchokera ku filosofi. Zomwe akatswiri a Plato amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi Socrates, Parmenides, Heraclitus ndi Pythagoras, ngakhale kuti ochepa chabe mwa omwe analipo kale analibe ntchito ndipo zambiri zomwe timadziwa zokhudza chiwerengerochi lero zimachokera kwa Plato mwiniwakeyo + +Kubadwa ndi banja +Nthaŵi yeniyeni ndi malo a kubadwa kwa Plato sizodziwika, komabe n'zodziwikiratu kuti iye anali wa banja lolemekezeka komanso lopambana. Malingana ndi magwero akale, akatswiri ambiri amakono amakhulupirira kuti anabadwira ku Athens kapena Aegina pakati pa 429 ndi 423 BC. Bambo ake anali Ariston. Malingana ndi mwambo wotsutsana, wolembedwa ndi Diogenes Laertius, Ariston anafotokoza kuti anachokera kwa mfumu ya Atene, Codrus, ndi mfumu ya Messenia, Melanthus. [9] Amayi ake a Plato anali Perisiya, omwe banja lawo linadzitamandira kuti anali ndi chiyanjano ndi wolemba mbiri wotchuka wa Athene komanso wolemba ndakatulo Solon. Perusee anali mlongo wa Charmides ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Critias, onse olemekezeka a makumi atatu, omwe anali ogargarchi, omwe adatsatiridwa ndi Athene kumapeto kwa nkhondo ya Peloponnesian (404-403 BC). Kuwonjezera pa Plato mwiniwake, Ariston ndi Perisiya anali ndi ana ena atatu; awa anali ana aamuna awiri, Adeimantus ndi Glaucon, ndi Potone wamkazi, mayi wa Speusippus (mphwake ndi wolowa m'malo mwa Plato monga mkulu wa maphunziro ake a filosofi). Abale Adeimantus ndi Glaucon amatchulidwa ku Republic monga ana a Ariston, ndipo ayenera kuti anali abale a Plato, koma ena adatsutsa kuti anali amalume. Koma mu zochitika za Memorabilia, Xenophon anasokoneza nkhaniyo poonetsa Glaucon wamng'ono kuposa Plato. + +Imfa +Zolemba zosiyanasiyana zapereka nkhani za imfa ya Plato. Nkhani imodzi, yolembedwa pamanja, imasonyeza kuti Plato anamwalira pabedi lake, pamene msungwana wamng'ono wa Thracian ankaimba chitoliro kwa iye. Plato anamwalira pa phwando laukwati. Nkhaniyi imachokera pa zolemba za Diogenes Laertius pa nkhani ya Hermippus, wa ku Alexandria wa m'zaka za zana lachitatu. Malinga ndi Tertullian, Plato anangomwalira ali mtulo. + +Ndemanga + +Anabadwira mu 427 BC +Anamwalira mu 348 BC +Akatswiri achifilosofi Achigiriki +Leonardo da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519),anali munthu wa ku Italy amene anakhalapo nthawi ya Ulemerero. Iye ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha kujambula kwake, komanso adali asayansi, katswiri wa masamu, injiniya, wojambula, anatomist, wosema, wokonza mapulani, wojambula, woimba, ndi wolemba. Leonardo ankafuna kudziwa zonse za chilengedwe. Iye ankafuna kudziwa momwe chirichonse chinagwirira ntchito. Anali wophunzira kwambiri, kupanga ndi kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosangalatsa. + +Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti Leonardo anali mmodzi mwa ojambula kwambiri nthawi zonse. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti anali munthu waluso kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Katswiri wa mbiri yakale, dzina lake Helen Gardner, ananena kuti palibe wina amene wakhala ngati iye chifukwa anali ndi chidwi ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe amawoneka kuti anali ndi malingaliro a chimphona, komabe zomwe anali nazo monga munthu akadali zinsinsi. + +Zolemba + +Kuwerenga kwambiri + + + + + + + + + +Silvia e Luca Guagliumi, "Leonardo e l'architettura", Silvia Editrice, Aprile 2015 + +anabadwa mu 1452 +anamwalira mu 1519 +Marco Polo (1254-January 8, 1324) anali wochita malonda ndi ku Italy. Iye anali mmodzi mwa anthu oyambirira a ku Ulaya kufufuza East Asia. Ofufuza ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo Christopher Columbus, adamuyang'ana. Anatha kulankhula zinenero zinayi. Marco Polo ankadziwika ndi buku lakuti Travels of Marco Polo komwe ankalankhula za Asia buku lomwe linafotokozera a ku Ulaya chuma ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa China, likulu lake Peking, ndi mizinda ina ndi Asia. + +Anaphunzira ntchito yamalonda kuchokera kwa bambo ake ndi amalume ake, Niccolò ndi Maffeo, omwe anadutsa ku Asia ndipo anakumana ndi Kublai Khan. Mu 1269, adabwerera ku Venice kudzakumana ndi Marco kwa nthawi yoyamba. Onse atatuwa adayamba ulendo wopita ku Asia, atabweranso zaka 24 kuti apeze Venice nkhondo ndi Genoa; Marco anaikidwa m'ndende ndipo analamula nkhani zake kuti apite naye. Anamasulidwa mu 1299, adakhala wamalonda wolemera, anakwatira, ndipo adali ndi ana atatu. Anamwalira mu 1324 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku tchalitchi cha San Lorenzo ku Venice. + +Moyo + +Chiyambi cha banja +Marco Polo anabadwa mu 1254 ku Republic of Venice. Tsiku lake lenileni ndi malo ake obadwira ndi osadziwika bwino. Akatswiri ena a mbiriyakale adanena kuti anabadwa pa September 15 koma tsiku limenelo silovomerezedwa ndi maphunziro ambiri. Malo a birthplace a Marco Polo amadziwika kuti Venice, komanso amasiyana pakati pa Constantinople ndi chilumba cha Korčula. Pali mkangano wosonyeza ngati banja la Polo liri Chiyambi cha Venetian, monga momwe zolemba zakale za Venetian zimawaonera kuti ndizochokera ku Dalmatian. Kuperewera kwa umboni kumapangitsa kuti Korčula awonongeke (mwinamwake pansi pa mphamvu ya Ramusio) ngati malo obadwira mwakuya, ndipo ngakhale akatswiri ena achiCroatia amalingalira kuti ndizokonzedwa mwachilungamo. + +Amayenda +Polo anapita ulendo wazaka 24 ku China pamodzi ndi abambo ake ndi amalume ake pa nthawi ya mafumu a Mongol. Anachoka ku Venice ali ndi zaka 17 pa ngalawa yomwe inadutsa nyanja ya Mediterranean, Ayas, Tabriz ndi Kerman. Kenako anadutsa Asia mpaka kukafika ku Beijing. Ali panjira kumeneko, amayenera kupita kudera lamapiri komanso kudutsa m'mapululu akuopsya, kudutsa m'madera otentha ndi malo ozizira omwe anali ozizira. Anatumikira ku khoti la Kublai Khan kwa zaka 17. Anachoka ku Far East ndipo anabwerera ku Venice ndi nyanja. Panali odwala pabwalo ndipo anthu okwera 600 ndi ogwira ntchito ogwira ntchitoyo anamwalira ndipo ena amanena kuti achifwamba anaukira. Komabe, Marco Polo anapulumuka zonsezo. + +Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti pamene Marco Polo anapita ku China, sanapite kumalo ena onse omwe adafotokozedwa m'buku lake. Anabweretsanso Zakudyazi kuchokera ku China ndi ku Italy anabwera ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo anazitcha pasitala. Polo anabwerera ku Venice ali ndi chuma monga njovu, jade, zokongoletsera, zikopa ndi silika. Bambo ake adakhoma ndalama ndikugula sitima. Iye anakhala wolemera chifukwa cha malonda ake kufupi ndi East. + +"Travels of Marco Polo" ("Maulendo a Marco Polo") +Nkhani yaikulu : The Travels of Marco Polo +Posakhalitsa Polo atabwerera kuchokera kuulendo wake adamenyana ndi Genoa, adagwidwa ndi kuikidwa m'ndende. Pamene anali m'ndende, adasangalalira ndi mkaidi mnzanga, Rusticello, yemwe anali wolemba maukwati ndi mabuku. Anauza wolemba za zochitika zake zonse, zomwe zinakhala buku lotchedwa The Travels of Marco Polo. Buku lofalitsidwa linalembedwa ndi Rustichello da Pisa, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe Polo anamuuza. Iyo inadzakhala yotchuka mu Europe yense. M'bukuli adati ufumu wa Kublai Khan wolemera watsopano unali ndi positi. Anayankhulanso za anthu achi China. China idagwiritsa ntchito mapepala omwe anali opangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa a mulberry. +Dzina la Marco Polo linali Marco Il Milione, chifukwa cha kholo lake lotchedwa Emilione. Iye anali kwenikweni wolemera. + +Imfa +Mu 1323, Polo anali atagona, chifukwa cha matenda. Pa January 8, 1324, ngakhale kuti madokotala ankayesetsa kuti amulandire, Polo anali pa bedi lake lakufa. Polemba ndi kutsimikizira chifunirocho, banja lake linafunsa Giovanni Giustiniani, wansembe wa San Procolo. Mkazi wake, Donata, ndi ana ake aakazi atatu adasankhidwa ndi iye ngati co-executrices. Mpingo unali ndi ufulu ndi lamulo ku gawo la malo ake; adavomereza izi ndipo adalamula kuti ndalama zowonjezera zikhopedwe kumsonkhano wa San Lorenzo, komwe adafuna kuikidwa m'manda. Anamasuliranso Petro, mtumiki wa Tartar, yemwe mwina adatsagana naye kuchokera ku Asia, ndipo amene Polo anam'patsa ndalama 100 za dinari ya Venetian. + +Anagawaniza chuma chake chonse, kuphatikizapo katundu wambiri, pakati pa anthu, zipembedzo, ndi gulu lililonse limene anali nalo. Analembanso-ngongole zambiri kuphatikizapo liwu 300 kuti mpongozi wake anali ndi ngongole kwa iye, ndipo ena ankakhala nawo pamsonkhano wa San Giovanni, San Paolo wa Order of Preachers, ndi mtsogoleri dzina lake Friar Benvenuto. Anauza msilikali 220 kuti amupatse Giovanni Giustiniani ntchito yake monga mlembi komanso mapemphero ake. + +Chifunirocho sichinayinidwe ndi Polo, koma chinatsimikiziridwa ndi lamulo loyenera loti "signum manus", limene testator anayenera kukhudza chilembacho kuti chikhale chovomerezeka. Chifukwa cha lamulo la Venetian loti tsiku limatha dzuwa litalowa, tsiku lenileni la imfa ya Marco Polo silingadziŵike, koma malinga ndi akatswiri ena amati kunali pakati pa kutentha kwa dzuwa pa January 8 ndi 9, 1324. Biblioteca Marciana, yomwe imagwira buku loyambirira la pangano lake, amatsimikizira panganoli pa January 9, 1323, ndipo amapereka tsiku la imfa yake nthawi ina mu June 1324. + +Cholowa +Ofufuza ena ochepa a ku Ulaya anali atapita kale ku China, monga Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, koma buku la Polo linatanthauza kuti ulendo wake unali woyamba kudziwika. Christopher Columbus anauziridwa mokwanira ndi Polo kufotokoza za Far East kuti afune kudzachezera maiko awo; Buku la bukhuli linali pakati pa zinthu zake, ndi zolembedwa pamanja. Bento de Góis, lopangidwa ndi zolembedwa za Polo za ufumu wachikristu kummawa, anayenda makilomita 6,400 m'zaka zitatu ku Central Asia. Iye sanapeze ufumu koma anamaliza ulendo wake ku Great Wall of China mu 1605, kutsimikizira kuti Cathay ndi zomwe Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) adatcha "China". + +Zolemba + + +Anabadwa mu 1254 +Anamwalira mu 1324 +European Union (kufotokoza: EU) ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko 28 ku Ulaya, unayamba mu 1957 monga European Economic Community (EEC). Lakhazikitsa malo amodzi azachuma ndi malamulo a ku Ulaya omwe amalola nzika za mayiko a EU kuti azisunthira ndi kugulitsa m'mayiko ena a EU monga momwe amachitira okha. Maiko khumi ndi asay8r +it7 +ĦđĞãnu ndi anayi a maikowa amalinso nawo ndalama zomwezo: euro. + +Pangano la Lisbon ndilo pangano laposachedwa lomwe likunena momwe mgwirizanowu ukugwiritsidwira ntchito. Chiwalo chilichonse cha boma chinasainika kuti chinene kuti aliyense adagwirizana ndi zomwe akunena. Chofunikay7 +n7i47rt koposa, chimati ntchito (("mphamvu") ogwirizanitsa ayenera kuchitira mamembala ndi ntchito zomwe ayenera kuchita. Mamembala asankha momwe bungwe liyenera kukhalira ndi kuvota kapena kutsutsana. + +Cholinga cha EU ndicho kubweretsa mayiko awo omwe akugwirizana nawo ndikulemekeza ufulu đďwa anthu ndi demokalase. Zimachititsa izi ndi chizoloŵezi chofala cha pasipoti, malamulo wamba okhudza malonda okondana wina ndi mzake, mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi malamulo, ndi mgwirizano wina. Ambiri amodzi amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zofanana (euro) ndipo ambiri amalola anthu kuyenda kuchokera ku dziko lina kupita kudziko popanda kusonyeza pasipoti. + +Mbiri +Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, mayiko a ku Ulaya ankafuna kukhala mwamtendere pamodzi ndi kuthandizana chuma. M'malo molimbana ndi malasha ndi zitsulo, mayiko oyambirira (West) Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, ndi Luxembourg anapanga bungwe limodzi la European Coal and Steel mu 1952. + +Mu 1957 mu mzinda wa Italy wa Rome, mayiko omwe adagwirizanitsa nawo adayina pangano lina ndikupanga European Economic Community. Tsopano unali mudzi wa malasha, zitsulo ndi malonda. Kenaka anasintha dzina ku European Community. + +Mu 1993, ndi Pangano la Maastricht linasintha dzina lake ku European Union. Tsopano mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe amagwira ntchito pamodzi osati ndale komanso chuma (malasha, zitsulo ndi malonda), komanso ndalama, chilungamo (malamulo), ndi mayiko ena. Ndi mgwirizano wa Schengen, mayiko 22 a EU adatsegula malire awo, kotero kuti tsopano anthu angathe kuyenda kuchokera kudziko lina popanda pasipoti kapena khadi lachinsinsi. Tsopano kale mayiko 16 amembala adasintha ndalama zawo zadziko ndi euro. Mayiko 10 atsopano adakhala mamembala a EU mu 2004, ena awiri adakhala mamembala mu 2007, ndipo 1 ena mu 2013. Lero pali mayiko 28 omwe ali nawo mamembala onse. + +Kusuntha kwaulere +Munthu yemwe ali nzika ya dziko la European Union akhoza kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito m'mayiko ena 27 omwe alibe chilolezo chogwira ntchito kapena visa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina wa ku France akhoza kusamukira ku Greece kukagwira ntchito kumeneko, kapena kuti azikhala komweko, ndipo iye sakusowa chilolezo kuchokera ku ulamuliro ku Greece. + +Mofananamo, zopangidwa mu dziko limodzi likhoza kugulitsidwa ku dziko lina lirilonse popanda zilolezo zapadera kapena misonkho yowonjezera. Pachifukwa ichi, mamembalawo amavomereza malamulo pa chitetezo cha mankhwala - akufuna kudziwa kuti mankhwala opangidwa m'dziko lina adzakhala otetezeka ngati akadakhala ngati apangidwa okha. + +Brexit +Pa June 23, 2016, UK adachita zionetsero zokhuza ngati ziyenera kukhala ku EU kapena kusiya. Ambiri [52% mpaka 48%] akukondedwa kuchoka. Britain kuchoka ku EU nthawi zambiri imatchedwa Brexit. + +Boma la UK linayambitsa "Article 50" ya Mgwirizano wa European Union (Mgwirizano wa Lisbon) pa 29 March 2017. Izi zinayambitsa kukambirana ndi mamembala ena a EU potsata. Mndandanda wa zokambiranazi ndi zaka ziwiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti UK adzakhalabe membala wa EU mpaka March 2019. + +Zolemba + +Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1952 +Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yadziko Lonse (World War II, WWII kapena WW2), yomwe imatchedwanso Second World War ndipo, mu Soviet Union, Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikristu, inali nkhondo yapadziko lonse yokhudzana kumenyana m'mayiko ambiri ndi m'mayiko ambiri. Mayiko ambiri anamenyana 1939-1945 koma ena anayamba kumenyana mu 1937. Ambiri mwa mayiko a dziko, kuphatikizapo mphamvu zonse, adagonjetsedwa monga mbali ya mgwirizano wa nkhondo: Allies ndi Axis Powers. Nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse inali nkhondo yoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya anthu. Zinaphatikizapo maiko ambiri, ndalama zambiri, ndikupha anthu ambiri kuposa nkhondo ina iliyonse m'mbiri ya anthu. Pakati pa anthu 50 mpaka 85 miliyoni anafa. Ambiri anali anthu wamba. Zinaphatikizapo kupha anthu, kupha anthu mwachangu kupha anthu, kupha mabomba, njala, matenda komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida za nyukiliya. + +Nkhondo ku Asia inayamba pamene ufumu wa Japan unaukira China pa 7 July 1937. United States inachititsa kuti dziko la Japan likhale ndi vuto la mafuta. Chiyambi cha nkhondo ku Ulaya ndi pamene Germany inagonjetsa Poland pa 1 September 1939. France ndi Britain adalengeza nkhondo ku Germany. Pofika m'chaka cha 1941, Ulaya ambiri ankalamulidwa ndi Germany. Dziko la Britain okha ndilo linapitirizabe kulimbana ndi Axis ku North Africa, Mediterranean, ndi Atlantic. Mu June 1941, mphamvu za Axis zinagonjetsa Soviet Union, kuyambira m'dera lalikulu kwambiri pa nkhondo. Pa December 7, 1941, dziko la Japan linagonjetsa mayiko a Kumadzulo ku Pacific ndipo nkhondo ziwirizo zinakhala chimodzi. + +Kugonjetsa kwa Japan kunaimitsidwa mu 1942, ndipo kupambana kwa Axis ku Ulaya kunanenedwa ndi 1943, kumpoto kwa Africa ndi Soviet Union. Pambuyo pake, Allies anayamba kumenyana kuchokera kumbali zonse. Axis anagonjetsa North Africa ndipo, kuyambira 1943, anakakamizidwa kuteteza Italy. Mu 1944, Allies anaukira France, akupita ku Germany pa mtsinje wa Rhine, pamene Soviets anali kutseka kummawa. Germany anagonjera mu May 1945. Japan idapereka pa 2 Septembala 1945. Nkhondoyo inatha ndi mgwirizano wa Allied. + +Nkhondo itatha, bungwe la United Nations linakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitse chithandizo pakati pa mayiko ndikuletsa nkhondo zam'tsogolo. Cold War pakati pa anthu opambanawo adayamba pomwepo, koma sanalimbane wina ndi mzake pankhondo yeniyeni. Kuwonongeka kwa Asia ndi Africa, kumene mayiko awo oyang'aniridwa ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya anapatsidwa ufulu wawo. Izi zinali chifukwa chakuti mphamvu za ku Ulaya zinafooka kuchokera ku nkhondo. Kusintha kwachuma ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa ndale (njira yogwirizanitsa mayiko) ndi zina mwa zotsatira za nkhondo. + +Zolemba + +1939 +1940 +1941 +1942 +1943 + +1944 +1945 +Nkhondo Yadziko Yonse (World War I, WWI kapena WW1), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse kapena nkhondo yaikulu, inali Nkhondo yapadziko lonse yochokera ku Ulaya yomwe idachokera pa 28 July 1914 mpaka 11 November 1918. " nkhondo zonse "zoposa 70 miliyoni zankhondo, kuphatikizapo 60 miliyoni a ku Ulaya, zinasonkhanitsidwa mu nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri m'mbiri yonse. Msilikali oposa mamiliyoni asanu ndi anayi ndi anthu asanu ndi awiri (7 miliyoni) omwe adaphedwa chifukwa cha nkhondo (kuphatikizapo ophedwa ndi anthu ambirimbiri), chiwerengero cha anthu ophwanya malamulo chochulukirapo chochulukitsidwa ndi makina atsopano ogwira ntchito zamakono ndi mafakitale komanso zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo . Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa nkhondo zoopsa kwambiri m'mbiri komanso zochitika zazikulu zandale, kuphatikizapo Revolutions a 1917-1923, m'mitundu yambiri yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Mpikisano wosathetsa kumapeto kwa nkhondoyo unayambitsa kumayambiriro kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse‎ zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake. + +Pofika chaka cha 1914, ulamuliro wa Ulaya unagawanika kukhala magwirizano awiri: Triple Entente, yomwe ili ndi France, Russia ndi Britain ndi Triple Alliance 1882 ya Germany, Austria-Hungary ndi Italy. Bungwe la Triple Alliance linali kutetezeka makamaka m'chilengedwe, kulola Italy kuti asatuluke pankhondo mu 1914, pamene zambiri mwaziganizozo zinali zosagwirizana ndi zotsutsana ndi ena; Mwachitsanzo, dziko la Italy linakhazikitsanso bungwe la Triple Alliance mu 1902 koma linagwirizana mwachinsinsi ndi France kuti likhale lopanda nkhondo ngati linachitidwa ndi Germany. Nkhondo itakula, Entente inaonjezera Italy, Japan, ndipo pomalizira pake United States inakhazikitsa Mphamvu za Allied, pamene Ottoman ndi Bulgaria linalumikizana ndi Germany ndi Austria kuti apange Central Power. + +Kuyambira +Mu bungwe la Black Hand, munthu mmodzi amene anathandiza kwambiri ku Serbia adatumiza amuna kuti akaphe Archduke Franz Ferdinand waku Austria. Onsewo adalephera kumupha ndi mabomba pamene adadutsa gulu lalikulu koma mmodzi wa amunawa, wophunzira wa ku Serbian dzina lake Gavrilo Princip, anamuwombera iye ndi mkazi wake wokhala ndi pisitoma. + +Austria-Hungary inati mlandu wa Serbia wapha. Germany inathandizira Austria-Hungary ndipo idalonjeza zothandizira pokhapokha ngati idzayamba nkhondo. Austria-Hungary inatumiza ku Russia Ultimatum ku Serbia, ikulemba ndondomeko 10 yovuta kwambiri, mwina chifukwa chakuti inali kufuna chifukwa choyambitsa nkhondo. Serbia inavomereza zinthu zambiri mwazinthu khumi pa mndandanda, koma osati onse. Austria-Hungary kenako inauza nkhondo ku Serbia. Izi mwamsanga zinatsogolera nkhondo yonse. Ogwirizana a mayiko onse awiriwa adayamba nawo nkhondo pankhondo. + +Russia adagonjetsa nkhondo kumbali ya Serbia chifukwa anthu a ku Serbia anali Asilavic, monga Russia, ndi maiko a Slavic adagwirizana kuti athandizane ngati atagonjetsedwa. Popeza dziko la Russia ndilo dziko lalikulu, anafunika kusuntha asilikali pafupi ndi nkhondo, koma Germany ankaopa kuti asilikali a ku Russia adzaukira Germany. Russia sankakonda Germany chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe Germany anachita kale kuti zikhale zolimba. Germany inalengeza nkhondo ku Russia, ndipo inayamba kupanga ndondomeko yomwe inakhazikitsidwa kale kwambiri kuti isamenyane ndi nkhondo ku Ulaya. Chifukwa chakuti Germany ili pakati pa Ulaya, dziko la Germany silinayende kum'mawa kupita ku Russia popanda kudzifooketsa kumadzulo, ku France. Ndondomeko ya Germany inagonjetsa msangamsanga dziko la France kumadzulo kwa dziko la Russia asanayambe kukamenyana, ndipo kenako anasunthira asilikali ake kum'maŵa kukakumana ndi Russia. Germany sakanatha kulowera ku France mwachindunji, chifukwa dziko la France lidaika malire ambiri m'malire, choncho Germany inadutsa dziko loyandikana nalo la Belgium kuti lidutse dziko la France kudzera m'malire a France ndi Belgium. Great Britain adagwirizana nawo nkhondo chifukwa Great Britain inavomereza kuthandiza Belgium ngati wina aliyense adamuukira. + +Pasanapite nthaŵi yaitali Ulaya ambiri anayamba kuchita nawo mbali. + +Germany ndi Russia +Germany inagwirizana ndi Austria-Hungary. Russia inkagwirizana ndi Serbia. Boma la Germany linkachita mantha chifukwa chakuti Austria-Hungary inagonjetsa Serbia, Russia idzaukira Austria ndi Hungary kuthandiza Serbia. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko la Germany linkaona kuti liyenera kuthandiza Austria-Hungary pomenyana ndi Russia choyamba, isanafike ku Austria ndi Hungary. + +Vuto linali lakuti Russia nayenso anali mabwenzi ndi France, ndipo Ajeremani ankaganiza kuti French akhoza kuwaukira kuti athandize Russia. Kotero a Germany anaganiza kuti apambane nkhondoyo ngati atagonjetsa France poyamba, ndipo mofulumira. Amatha kusonkhanitsa mofulumira kwambiri. Iwo anali ndi mndandanda wa amuna onse omwe anayenera kulowetsa usilikali, ndi kumene amuna awo ankayenera kupita, ndi nthawi za sitimayi iliyonse yomwe ikanyamula amuna awo kumalo komwe iwo akanayenera kumenyana nawo. France anali kuchita chinthu chomwecho, koma sankakhoza kuchita mwamsanga. Ajeremani anaganiza kuti ngati atangoyamba kulamulira dziko la France, akhoza 'kugogoda France' pankhondoyi isanafike Russia ikawaukira. + +Russia inali ndi gulu lalikulu, koma Germany idaganiza kuti zingatenge masabata sikisi kuti asonkhane ndi nthawi yayitali asanamenyane ndi Mphamvu Zaukulu. Icho sichinali chowona, chifukwa Asilikali Achi Russia anaphatikizidwa mu masiku khumi. Komanso, anthu a ku Russia anayenda mpaka ku Austria. + +Pambuyo pake +Nkhondo itatha, Ajeremani anayenera kuvomereza Chipangano cha Versailles. Dziko la Germany linayenera kulipira pafupifupi $ 31.5 biliyoni. Ayeneranso kutenga udindo pa nkhondo. Mbali imodzi ya mgwirizanowu inati mayiko a dziko lapansi ayenera kubwera palimodzi kuti apange bungwe lapadziko lonse kuti athetse nkhondo kuti zisadzachitike. Bungwe ili linatchedwa League of Nations. Bungwe la United States silinagwirizane ndi izi, ngakhale kuti linali lingaliro la pulezidenti waku United States, Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson anayesera kuuza anthu a ku America kuti ayenera kuvomereza, koma United States sanavomereze nawo League of Nations. Mavuto ndi Panganoli ku Germany adzapititsa ku nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. + +Zolemba +Nkhondo ndi nkhondo yothetsera nkhondo pakati pa mayiko, maboma, mabungwe ndi osadziwika bwino magulu, monga azungu, opanduka ndi zigawenga. Kawirikawiri amadziwika ndi chiwawa choopsa, chiwawa, chiwonongeko, ndi kufa, pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kapena osagonjetsa asilikali. Nkhondo imatanthawuza zochitika zomwe zimachitika komanso zikhalidwe za nkhondo, kapena za nkhondo. Nkhondo yonse ndi nkhondo zomwe sizongogonjetsedwa ndi zida zenizeni zankhondo, ndipo zikhoza kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe sagonjetse usilikali kapena ena omwe sali nawo nkhondo akuvutika. + +Ngakhale akatswiri ena akuwona nkhondo monga chilengedwe chonse ndi chibadwa cha umunthu, ena amakayikira kuti ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe kapena chilengedwe. + +Nkhondo yowonongeka kwambiri m'mbiri yakale, ponena za chiwerengero cha anthu omwe anamwalira kuyambira pachiyambi, ndi Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko lonse, kuyambira 1939 mpaka 1945, ndipo anthu 60-85 miliyoni anamwalira, ndipo anagonjetsedwa ndi a Mongol mpaka 60 miliyoni. Pankhani yokhudzana ndi nkhanza zomwe zimakhalapo kale, nkhondo yowonongeka m'mbiri yamasiku ano ikhoza kukhala nkhondo ya Paraguay (onani kuphedwa kwa nkhondo za Paraguay). Nkhondo ya 2013 inachititsa kuti anthu 31,000 aphedwe, ndipo anafa 72,000 mu 1990. Mu 2003, Richard Smalley anafotokoza kuti nkhondo ndiyo vuto lalikulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi (khumi mwa khumi) lomwe likuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu kwa zaka makumi asanu zotsatira. Nkhondo nthawi zambiri imabweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zowonongeka ndi zachilengedwe, kuchepa kwa ndalama zachuma, njala, kuchuluka kwa anthu osamukira kudziko la nkhondo, komanso nthawi zambiri kuzunzidwa kwa akaidi a nkhondo kapena anthu wamba. Mwachitsanzo, mwa anthu okwana 9 miliyoni omwe anali m'dera la Byelorussian SSR mu 1941, anthu okwana 1.6 miliyoni anaphedwa ndi Ajeremani pazochitika zosiyana ndi nkhondo, kuphatikizapo akaidi 700,000 a nkhondo, Ayuda okwana 500,000, ndi anthu 320,000 omwe amawerengedwa ngati alangizi (ambiri mwa iwo anali osasamaliridwa ndi nzika). Zina mwazinthu za nkhondo zina ndizofalitsa zowonjezereka ndi ena kapena maphwando onse pa nkhondoyo, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zopangidwa ndi okonza zida. + +Chiwawa +Kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu +Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) anali wochita malonda a Genoese, wofufuzira, ndi woyenda panyanja. Iye anabadwira ku Genoa, Italy, m'chaka cha 1451. "Christopher Columbus" ndi dzina lachingelezi la Chingelezi la Columbus. Dzina lake lenileni mu Italiya linali Cristoforo Colombo; dzina lake m'Chisipanishi linali Cristóbal Colón. + +Mu 1492, Columbus anafika pachilumba cha Bahamas, woyamba ku Ulaya kuti achite zimenezo. Cholinga chake choyamba chinali kupeza njira yofulumira yopita ku Asia kuchokera ku Ulaya. Iye akutamandidwa ndi kupezeka kwa Dziko Latsopano chifukwa ulendo wake unayamba nyengo ya chikhalidwe cha ku Ulaya ku America. Iyi inali mphindi yofunikira m'mbiri ya Ulaya. Ngakhale Leif Erikson anali woyamba ku Ulaya kukafika ku dothi la America sizinatchulidwe bwino ndipo sizinatsogolere ku Ulaya ndi New World. + +Anthu a ku Spain atazindikira kuti Columbus adapeza Dziko Latsopano, anthu ena ambiri, otchedwa conquistadors, anapita komweko. Izi zinapangitsa kuti dziko la Spain likhale lachikomyunizimu. + +Columbus anamwalira pa 20 May 1506, ku Valladolid, Spain. + +"Kupeza" kwa America +Columbus sanali kwenikweni munthu woyamba ku Ulaya kuti adziwe America. Pa nthawi ya ulendo wake, dziko la America silinadziwidwe kukhalapo. Komabe, Leif Erikson, pafupi zaka 1000 AD adalowa mu Canada lero. Kupeza kumeneku sikungakhudze mbiri yakale ya ku Ulaya ndipo sizinapangidwe bwino. Columbus anapeza America mwachindunji kuti iye anali munthu woyamba kulenga kufufuza mobwerezabwereza ndi kukhudzana ndi New World. Mfundo ina ndi yakuti Amwenye Achimereka akhala akukhala kumeneko zaka zikwi zambiri asanalowe. Komabe, Achimereka Achimerika sanalembedwe kapena kuwonjezera mbiri ya mbiri yakale ku Ulaya chifukwa cha zifukwa zomveka. Columbus, "anapeza" America mu mbiri yakale ya ku Ulaya. + +Cholowa +Ku United States, Tsiku la Columbus ndilo tchuthi limene limakondwerera kubwera kwa Columbus ku New World pa October 12, 1492. + +Chiwonetsero cha World's Columbian, chomwe chinachitika mu 1893 ku Chicago, Illinois, chinakondwerera chikondwerero cha 400 cha Columbus akupita ku America. + +Zolemba + +Anamwalira mu 1506 +Nthawi ndi chitukuko chopitirirabe cha moyo ndi zochitika zomwe zikuchitika mosakanikirana zosasinthika kuyambira kale mpaka pakadali pano. Nthawi ndi chiwerengero cha zigawo zosiyana siyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendera zochitika, kuyerekezera nthawi ya zochitika kapena kusiyana pakati pa iwo, ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka m'zinthu zakuthupi kapena muzochitika zodziwa. Nthaŵi zambiri imatchedwa gawo lachinayi, pamodzi ndi miyeso itatu. Kwa nthawi yaitali, phunziro ndi lofunika kwambiri pa phunziro lachipembedzo, filosofi, ndi sayansi, koma kufotokoza izo mwa njira yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzinthu zonse popanda kuzungulira kwakhala katswiri wophunzira nthawi zonse. Komabe, malo osiyanasiyana monga bizinesi, mafakitale, masewera, masayansi, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi onse amaphatikizapo nthawi yowonjezeramo. + +Chiwerengero cha nthawi ndi mbiri +Kawirikawiri, njira zamakono, kapena nthawi yopangira nthawi, zimatenga mitundu iwiri yosiyana: kalendala, chida cha masamu chokonzekera nthawi yambiri, ndi nthawi, mawonekedwe enieni omwe amatha nthawi. Mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, koloko imafunsidwa kwa nthawi zosakwana tsiku koma kalendala imakambidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa tsiku. Zambiri zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito makalendala ndi maola nthawi imodzi. Chiwerengero (monga pa kujambula kwa ola limodzi kapena kalendala) chomwe chimasonyeza kuchitika kwa chochitika chodziwikiratu monga ora kapena tsiku limapezedwa mwa kuwerengera kuchokera ku nthawi yachinsinsi - malo otsogolera. + +Nthawi wa Ulendo +Main: Nthawi wa Ulendo +Kuyenda nthawi ndikutembenukira kumbuyo kapena kupita kumalo osiyanasiyana panthawi, mofanana ndi kusuntha kudutsa mlengalenga, komanso mosiyana ndi "nthawi" yoyamba yomwe ikuyang'ana padziko lapansi. Malingaliro awa, mfundo zonse mu nthawi (kuphatikizapo nthawi zamtsogolo) "zimapitiriza" mwanjira ina. Ulendo wa nthawi wakhala chida chokonzekera muzinthu zakale kuyambira mu 1900. Kubwerera mmbuyo mu nthawi sikunayambe yatsimikiziridwa, kumakhala ndi mavuto ambiri osokonezeka, ndipo mwina sikutheka. Chipangizo chirichonse cha zamakono, kaya cholondola kapena cholingalira, chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa ulendo wa nthawi chimadziwika ngati makina a nthawi. + +Vuto lalikulu ndi nthawi yopita kumbuyo ndi kuphwanya malamulo; Zingakhale zotsatila pazomwe zimayambitsa, zikhoza kuchititsa kuti pakhale kuthekera kwa nyengo. Ena amatanthauzira nthawi kuyenda amayendetsa izi mwa kuvomereza kuthekera koyenda pakati pa mfundo za nthambi, zenizeni zofanana, kapena maiko onse. + +Njira ina yothetsera vuto la zochitika zapakati pazaka zapitazi ndikuti zizindikiro zoterezi sizingawoneke chifukwa sizinayambe. Monga momwe tawonetsera m'nkhani zambiri zongopeka, ufulu wodzisankhira mwina umatha kukhalapo kale kapena zotsatira za zisankho zoterezi zakonzedweratu. Choncho, sizingatheke kuti agogo aakazi agwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa chakuti ndi agogo anu omwe sanaphedwe mwana wawo asanabadwe (kholo lanu). Lingaliro limeneli sikutanthauza chabe kuti mbiri yakale ndi yosasinthika, koma kuti kusintha kulikonse komwe munthu wopanga ulendo wongoganiza angakhale nako kudzakhala kochitika kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayende. Kufotokozera zambiri pazifukwazi kungapezeke mwachindunji cha Novikov. + +Nthawi ya tsiku + World Clock + U.S. Naval Observatory + Nthawi mu Hexadecimal numeral system + +Zolemba +Philosophy +Chophimba Chophimba ndi mtambo wa mpweya wotentha ndi wa ionized ndi fumbi mu gulu la nyenyezi. Zimapanga mbali zooneka za Cygnus Loop, otsalira a supernova, mbali zambiri zomwe zapeza mayina awo awo ndi zizindikiro zawo. Gwero la supernova linali nyenyezi zochulukitsa kawiri kuposa Dzuwa, lomwe linaphulika zaka pafupifupi 8,000 zapitazo. Zakale zowonjezereka zakhala zikuwonjezeka kuti zikhale ndi dera la madigiri pafupifupi madigiri atatu (pafupifupi 6 kuchuluka kwake, kapena malo okwana 36, ​​a Mwezi wathunthu). Dera la nebula silidziwika bwino, koma deta ya Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) imathandizira mtunda wa pafupifupi 1,470 kuwala-zaka. + +The Hubble Space Telescope inagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zambiri za chithunzicho. Kufufuza kwa mpweya wochokera ku nebula kumasonyeza kukhalapo kwa mpweya, sulfure, ndi hydrogen. Mtundu wa Cygnus Loop umatsitsimutsa kwambiri mafunde a radio ndi x-ray. Pa September 24, 2015 zithunzi ndi mavidiyo atsopano a Chophimba Chophimba anatulutsidwa, ndi kufotokoza kwa mafano. with an explanation of the images. + +Kusamala +Nyuzipepalayi inapezedwa pa 1784 September 5 ndi William Herschel. Iye anafotokoza kumapeto kwakumapeto kwa chithunzicho monga "Kuwonjezera; kudutsa thro" 52 Cygni ... pafupi ndi 2 digiri m'litali ", ndipo anafotokoza mapeto a kummawa monga" Branching nebulasity ... Gawo lotsatira likugawa mitsinje yambiri ikugwirizananso kwa kum'mwera. " + +Mukakonzekera bwino, mbali zina za fanoyo zimawoneka ngati zingwe zamtundu. Mafotokozedwe ofanana ndi akuti mafunde akudyeka kwambiri, osachepera gawo limodzi mu 50,000, kuti chipolopolocho chiwoneke pokhapokha ngati chimawoneka bwino, ndikupangitsa kuti chigoba chiwoneke. Popeza anapatsidwa mtunda wa zaka zapakati pa 1470, izi zimapereka mpata wa mzere wonse wa zaka 38.5 (m'lifupi lonse, zaka zapumulo 77). Pakati pa 1 / 50,000th, kumakhala makulidwe a mtunda wa makilomita 4 biliyoni, kapena kutali ndi Pluto. Kuthamangitsidwa pamwamba pa chipolopolo kumapangitsa mafano ambirimbiri, omwe amawoneka kuti akuphatikizana. + +Ngakhale kuti nthendayi ili ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa 7, imafalikira pamtunda waukulu kwambiri moti kuwala kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, choncho nthitiyi imadziwika kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri a zakuthambo monga zovuta kuziwona. Komabe, munthu amene amamuona amatha kuona chithunzicho mu telescope pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta ya OIII (fyuluta yomwe imachokera kutalika kwa kuwala kochokera ku oxygen iwirizedoni), pafupifupi pafupifupi kuwala konse kochokera ku chithunzichi kumachokera pa kutalika kwake. Tulofoni ya masentimita 200 (200 mm) yokhala ndi fyuluta ya OIII ikuwonetseratu zojambulazo zooneka bwino m'zithunzi, ndipo ndi fayilo ya OIII pafupifupi pafupifupi telescope iliyonse ikuoneka kuti ikuwona chithunzichi. Ena amanena kuti izo zimawoneka popanda chithandizo chilichonse chowonekera kupatulapo fyuluta ya OIII yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa diso. + +Zigawo zowoneka bwino za Nebula zili ndi zilembo za New General Catalog NGC 6960, 6974, 6979, 6992, ndi 6995. Chigawo chophweka chomwe mungapeze ndi 6960, chomwe chimayang'ana kumbuyo kwa nyenyezi yosasamala 52 Cygni. NGC 6992/5 ndi zinthu zosavuta kumbali yakumpoto ya chigawo. NGC 6974 ndi NGC 6979 zikuwoneka ngati zigawo zosiyana siyana m'mphepete mwa nebulosity kumpoto kwa kumpoto. Triangle ya Pickering ndi fainter yambiri, ndipo alibe nambala ya NGC (ngakhale 6979 nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuza). Anadziwika ndi photographically mu 1904 ndi Williamina Fleming (atatha kulembedwa kwa New General Catalog), koma Charles Krakering, yemwe anali mkulu wa katswiri wa zofufuza zapamwamba, ankachita mwambo umenewu. + +Zolemba + +NGC zinthu +Chaka chowala ndilo gawo la kutalika komwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kutalika kwa zakuthambo ndi makilomita 9,5 trillion kapena 5,9 trillion mailosi. Monga momwe tafotokozera ndi International Astronomical Union (IAU), chaka chowunika ndilo mtunda umene kuwala kumayenda mu chingwe chimodzi cha Julian (masiku 365.25). Chifukwa limaphatikizapo mawu oti "chaka", mawu akuti chaka chowala nthawi zina amamasuliridwa mofanana ngati gawo limodzi. + +Chaka chowala nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera kutalika kwa nyenyezi ndi kutalika kwina pamagalactic, makamaka m'mabuku a sayansi ndi odziwika bwino. Chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu katswiri wa astrometry ndi parchik (chizindikiro: pc, pafupifupi 3.26 zaka-kuwala; mtunda womwe umodzi wa zakuthambo umagwiritsa ntchito mphindi imodzi ya arc). + +Mbiri +Chigawo cha chaka chowonekera chinaonekera zaka zingapo pambuyo poyesa kupambana kwa mtunda wa nyenyezi osati Sun, mwa 1838 Friedrich Bessel. Nyenyeziyi inali 61 Cygni, ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito heliometer ya mamita 160 mm ndi Joseph von Fraunhofer. Chigawo chachikulu kwambiri chofotokozera kutalika kwa danga panthawiyo chinali chigawo cha astronomical unit, chofanana ndi chigawo cha dziko lapansi. Momwemo, mawerengero a trigonometric opangidwa ndi 61 Cygni's parallax of 0.314 arcseconds, adawonetsera kutalika kwa nyenyezi kuti akhale 660000 zakuthambo. Bessel anawonjezera kuti kuwala kumagwiritsa ntchito zaka 10.3 kuti apite mtunda umenewu. Anadziŵa kuti owerenga ake amasangalala ndi nthawi yeniyeni ya kuwala, komatu sanagwiritse ntchito chaka chowala ngati chigwirizano. Angakhale atakhumudwa kufotokoza kutalika kwake kwa zaka zochepa chifukwa zikhoza kuwonongera kuti mbiri yake ya parallax ikuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuchulukitsa ndi kuthamanga kwapadera. Kufikira kwa kuwala kunalibekudziwika bwino mu 1838; mtengo wake unasintha mu 1849 (Fizeau) ndi 1862 (Foucault). Sichidawonekere kukhala chinthu chokhazikika chokhazikika, ndipo kufalikira kwa kuwala kupyolera mu malo ozungulira kapena malo anali akadakalibe. Komabe, chaka cha 1851 chinaonekera m'chaka cha 1851 m'nkhani ina yotchuka ya zakuthambo yotchedwa Otto Ule. Chododometsa cha dzina lokhala ndi mtunda wamtunda wotsirizira pa "chaka" 'adafotokozedwa ndi Ule pochiyerekezera ndi ola la msewu wodutsa (Wegstunde). Buku lina la ku Germany lotchuka kwambiri la zakuthambo linanenanso kuti chaka chowala ndi dzina losamvetsetseka. Mu 1868 magazini ya Chingerezi inalembetsa chaka chowala ngati umodzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Ajeremani. Eddington adatcha chaka choyera kukhala chinthu chosasokonekera komanso chosagwirizana, chomwe nthawi zina chimachokera ku ntchito yotchuka kupita ku kufufuza zamakono. + +Ngakhale kuti akatswiri aza zakuthambo amakono amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito parsec, zaka zowala zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuti zizindikire malo osokoneza bongo ndi intergalactic danga. + +Zolemba + +1838 mu sayansi +Kuwala +Unite wa kutalika +Siena Agudong ndi wojambula mwana wa ku America. Iye amadziwika bwino kuchokera kuwonetsero wa makanema a TV Nicky, Ricky, Dicky & Dawn, omwe akusewera nawo ntchito monga Natlee. Iye adadziwika ndi udindo wake monga Lulu Parker, yemwe adasewera pa sewero la ABC kuwonetseratu kupha Akazi. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 2004 +Kepa Arrizabalaga Revuelta (Basque: kepa aris̻aβalaɣa reβuelta; Spanish: kepa ariθaβalaɣa reβwelta; anabadwa pa 3 October 1994), nthawi zina amadziwika kuti Kepa, ndi mpikisano wothamanga wa ku Spain yemwe amavomereza kuti akhale msilikali wa timu ya Premier League Chelsea ndi timu ya ku Spain. + +Anakhazikitsidwa ku Athletic Bilbao, adachita masewera oyamba ku ngongole ku Ponferradina ndi Real Valladolid, ku Segunda División. Kenako adabwerera ku kampu yake yoyamba, akuwonekera mamasewero 54 pa mpikisano wonse; mu 2018, adasaina ndi Chelsea. Arrizabalaga adagonjetsa timu ya European Championship ya 2012 ndi gulu la azimayi osachepera 19 a ku Spain ndipo adakonzekera mu 2017. + +Ntchito zapadziko lonse +Atatha kuwonekera kwa zaka zapakati pa 18, Arrizabalaga adayitanidwa ku gulu la pansi pa 19 la UEFA European Championship. Iye anali woyambitsa zosayembekezereka panthawi ya masewera, monga mbali yake inali okwera korona; Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zinaphatikizapo mpikisano wa 3-3 womaliza ku France, kumene adasungira zilango ziwiri pawombera. + +Arrizabalaga adawonako FIFA ya U-20 World Cup chifukwa cha kuvulazidwa, m'malo mwa Ruben Yáñez. Pa 8 November 2013 adayitanidwa ku gulu la pansi pa 21, pamodzi ndi Athletic timu ya Iker Muniain. + +Arrizabalaga adatchulidwira kumalo akuluakulu pa 22 March 2017 patsogolo pa chiwombankhanga cha FIFA World Cup cha 2018 motsutsana ndi Israeli komanso kukhala wochezeka ndi France, posakhalitsa m'malo mwa Pepe Reina omwe anavulala. Anapeza kapu yoyamba pa 11 November wa chaka chimenecho, akusewera mphindi 90 pa mpikisano wa 5-0 ku Costa Rica ku Málaga. + +Arrizabalaga adatchulidwa ku gulu la asilikali 23 la Spain ku 2018 FIFA World Cup ku Russia. + +Zolemba +Anabadwa mu 1994 +Anthu amoyo +Selena Marie Gomez (wobadwa pa July 22, 1992) ndi wojambula nyimbo, woimba nyimbo, ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku America. Atawoneka pazinthu za pa TV za Barney & Friends, adalandira chidziwitso chokwanira cha Alex Russo pa TV za Disney Channel zowonetsera TV za Wizard of Waverly Place, zomwe zinayambira nyengo zinayi kuyambira 2007 mpaka 2012. + +Kuchita ntchito +Gomez anayamba kufotokozedwa pazinthu za pa TV za Barney & Friends - kumene adakondana ndi nyenyezi anzake ndi Demi Lovato - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000. Mu 2007, adadziwika kwambiri ataponyedwa mu Disney Channel ma TV Wizards of Waverly Place. Mkaziyu adalankhula ndi filimuyi, Alex Russo, mpaka kumapeto kwake m'chaka cha 2012. Gomez adalowa mu filimuyi ndi mafilimu kuphatikizapo Ramona ndi Beezus (2010), Monte Carlo (2011), Hotel Transylvania (2012), The Big Short ( 2015), Zowonongeka Zowonongeka za Caregiving (2016), Ozungulira 2 (2016), ndi In Dubious Battle (2016). + +Moyo waumwini +Gomez anali pachibwenzi ndi a Justin Bieber ku Canada kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2014. Mu 2017, adali mu chiyanjano ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku Canada The Weeknd. Iwo adagawaniza October. Gomez ankafuna impso kumuika chifukwa cha lupus matenda. Bwenzi lake lapamtima, mtsikana wina wotchuka wa ku France, dzina lake Franisa Raisa, adapereka impso zake kwa Gomez mu chilimwe 2017. Pambuyo pake, imodzi mwa mitsempha ya Gomez inalowa mkati mwake, yomwe inkafuna opaleshoni yachangu. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1992 +Anthu amoyo +Chelsea Football Club ndi katswiri +gulu la mpira ku London, England, lomwe limakonzekera ku Premier League. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1905, nyumbayi kuyambira pomwepo wakhala Stamford Bridge. Chelsea idagonjetsa mutu wa First Division mu +1955, pambuyo pa mpikisano wambiri wa chikho pakati pa 1965 ndi 1971. Zaka makumi awiri zapitazo zakhala zikupambana bwino, ndipo gululi linagonjetsa masewera 23 kuyambira 1997. Pafupifupi, gululi lapambana mpikisano 28; Maina asanu ndi atatu, ma Cu Cups, asanu Cups Cups ndi Four FA Community Shields, UEFA Champions League, Cup UEFA Champions Cup, +UEFA Europa League ndi UEFA Super Cup imodzi. + +Zolemba + Mabungwe osewerera mpira ku London +African College of Commerce ndi Technology (kapena ACCT) ndi malo apamwamba a maphunziro apamwamba omwe akuyang'ana pa bizinesi, kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, malonda, zamakono komanso zamakono zamakono zowunikira ku Kabale, Uganda. Mapulogalamu a ACCT amaperekedwa ndikuyesedwa ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana a ku Uganda monga Bungwe la Ofufuza za Bungwe la Uganda. Kunivesite ndi tsiku ndi kukwera ndipo ophunzira ndi azimuna onse. + +Mbiri +African College of Commerce ndi Technology inakhazikitsidwa ndikuyambidwa monga bungwe la maphunziro a zamalonda pansi pa dzina la African College of Commerce pa 14 April 1986. Ilo linalembedwanso ndilovomerezedwa ndi Ministry of Education ku Uganda mu June 1986. Kolejiyo inali ndi mwambowu woyamba maphunziro. + +Mndandanda + + 1990: Mwambo woyamba wophunzira maphunziro + 1992: Kuyamba maphunziro a sayansi + 1994: Kugwirizana ndi Bungwe la National Examinations Board (Uganda National Examinations Board), lomwe panopa limadziwika kuti Bungwe la Ogulitsa Amalonda ndi Ophunzira (UBTEB) + 2003: Kugwirizana ku Makerere University Business School + 2005: Koleji imalandira thandizo la ndalama kuchokera ku Germany kukhazikitsa campus kuphatikiza nyumba, makompyuta, mabuku olemba mabuku ndi kukhazikitsa dipatimenti ya anthu + 2007: ACCT ikupambana mphoto ya Bronze Wogwira Ntchito Chaka Chaka 2006 ndi Federation of Uganda Employers + 2008: Kuvomerezedwa ndi bungwe la National Council for Higher Education (NCHE) ku Uganda + 2014: Dzina limasintha kuchokera ku African College of Commerce ku African College of Commerce ndi Technology + 2015: Kuyanjana ku University of Kyambogo kwa mapulogalamu ophunzitsira aphunzitsi + 2018: Ndondomeko Zachikhalidwe Zotulutsidwa + +Zolemba + +Maunivesite ndi makoleji ku Uganda +Chigawo cha Kabale +Lisa Solberg (wobadwa pa August 27, 1987) ndi mzimayi wa ku Australia wodziwika bwino ndi FIFA 18 (2017) na FIFA 19 ndi kusowera ndi Kim Hunter, The Big Cut (2016) ndi Wasteland (2015). + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1987 +Anthu amoyo +Kusintha-ndi-thon (zinalembedwa ngati editathon kapena edit-a-thon mu chingerezi) ndi chochitika chokonzekera kumene okonza mapulogalamu a pa intaneti monga Wikipedia, OpenStreetMap, ndi LocalWiki akusintha ndikukonzekera phunziro kapena mtundu wa zinthu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo maphunziro othandizira olemba atsopano. Nthaŵi zambiri zimaphatikizanso mapulogalamu, koma angaperekedwe. Mawuwa ndi portmanteau ya "edit" ndi "marathon". + +Zigawo za Wikipedia zakhala zikuchitika ku Wikimedia chapitukulu, maphunziro ovomerezedwa monga Sonoma State University, Arizona State University, Middlebury College, University of Victoria ku Canada; komanso magulu amtundu monga museums kapena archives. Zochitikazo zakhala zikuphatikizapo nkhani monga chikhalidwe cha malo amtengo wapatali, zokopa za musemu, mbiri ya amai, luso, chikazi, kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe cha Wikipedia, nkhani za chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi nkhani zina. Azimayi ndi Afirika Achimereka ndi gulu la LGBT akugwiritsa ntchito edit-a-thons monga njira yothetsera kusiyana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha kugonana ndi mtundu wa Wikipedia. Ena apangidwa ndi a Wikipedians omwe amakhala. Msonkhano wautali kwambiri unachitikira ku Museo Soumaya ku Mexico City kuyambira June 9 mpaka 12, 2016, kumene anthu odzipereka a Wikimedia Mexico ndi osungirako ntchito yosungiramo zojambulajambula anasinthidwa maola 72. Korato iyi idakonzedwanso ndi Guinness World Records ngati yaitali kwambiri. + +Msewu wa OpenStreetMap umasungiranso zolemba zambiri. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + +External links + + OpenStreetMap 'Mapathons' + +Wikipedia +Kim Hunter ndi munthu wongopeka m'masewera a FIFA omwe anapanga EA Sports. Iye amasewera ndi osewera osewera Lisa Solberg, yemwe anapereka mawu ndi kuyimilira kwa khalidwelo. Anayambika mu gawo la 25 la FIFA mndandandanda monga protagonist ya kanema yatsopano yojambula zithunzi, "Ulendo". Iye ndi wosewera mpira wa ku America ali ndi maloto a kusewera pamsinkhu wa masewera a amayi-ndipo ndi mlongo wake wa Alex. Alex ndi Kim amakumana koyamba Alex atagwirizana ndi LA Galaxy pamalingaliro a abambo ake. Mu gawo la 2019 iye ali wokonzeka kutenga ntchito yake ku gawo lotsatira mu Ulendo: Otsutsana ndi kuyitana kwa Women's World Cup. + +Mbiri + +FIFA 18 + +Kudzudzula + +Zolemba + +Achinyamata osewera mpira +Agnes Rosenstiehl (wobadwa pa December 4, 1941) ndi mlembi wa ku France ndi illustrator ku Paris. Bron wochokera m'banja la ojambula, adaphunzira nyimbo ku National Conservatory ya Music ndi Dance ku Paris ndipo adalandira mphoto yoyamba mu 1966 dzina lake Agnès Gay. Iye ndi wodziwika bwino kwa mabuku angapo a ana atatha moyo wa I-Cracra omwe amadziwika bwino ndi Chingerezi monga 'Silly Lilly', ndi buku lake "Paris-Beijing ndi Transsiberian",zomwe iye anazilemba ndi kulemba mwamuna wake, Pierre Rosenstiehl pambuyo pa ulendo wamtendere wolimbikitsa banja. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1941 +Anthu amoyo +Nkhunda za njiwa (Columba livia domestica), zomwe zimatchedwanso nkhunda za mzindawo, njiwa za mumzinda, kapena njiwa zapamsewu 'ndi nkhunda zomwe zimachokera ku nkhunda zoweta zomwe zabwerera kumtchire. Nkhunda yamkuntho inayamba kulengedwa kuchokera ku nkhunda zakutchire, zomwe zimakhala kumapiri ndi mapiri. Thanthwe (mwachitsanzo, "zakutchire"), nkhunda zoweta, ndi zowomba ndizo mitundu yofanana ndipo zidzasakanikirana mosavuta. Nkhunda za njiwa zimapeza zitsulo za nyumba kuti zilowe m'malo mwa nyanja, zimasinthidwa kukhala mizinda, ndipo ziri m'matawuni ndi mizinda yambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha luso lawo lopanga mankhwala ambiri, kuphatikizapo chiwonongeko cha mbewu ndi katundu, njiwa zambiri zimaonedwa kuti ndizovuta komanso zowonongeka, zomwe zimatengedwa m'matauni ambiri kuti zichepetse chiwerengero chawo kapena kuzichotseratu. + + Chifukwa cha luso lawo lopangira mankhwala ambiri, ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda, kuphatikizapo mbeu ndi katundu, nkhunda zimayesedwa kuti ndizovuta komanso zowonongeka, ndi njira zomwe zimatengedwa m'matauni ambiri kuti zichepetse chiwerengero chawo kapena kuzichotseratu. + +Mabuku + +Zolemba + +Mbalame zapakhomo +Mbalame zotengedwa +Gordon Lumban Tobing (27 August 1925 - 13 January 1993) anali woimba wa ku Indonesian nyimbo zambiri, makamaka zomwe zili m'chinenero cha Batak. Atabadwira ku banja la Batak ku Medan, kumpoto kwa Sumatra, Tobing anasamukira ku Jakarta mu 1950 ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito m'makampani osangalatsa. Ali ndi Radio Republik Indonesian, adakhala nawo mtsogoleri wa chikhalidwe cha Indonesian ku Phwando la 4 la Achinyamata ndi Ophunzila Padziko Lonse. Pa nthawi yotsala ya moyo wake Tobing anaphatikizidwa mu nthumwi zambiri zofanana, potsiriza kupita ku makontinenti asanu. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Tobing anabadwira ku Medan, North Sumatra, pa 27 August 1925. Iye anali wachiwiri mwa ana anayi obadwa ndi Rumulus Lumban Tobing, woimba, ndi mkazi wake Frieda Hutabarat. Monga atate wawo ndi agogo aamuna aamuna, Lamsana, adali amtundu wa mpingo wawo, abale ake a Tobing (Douglas, Gordon, Nelson, ndi Adella) anakulira m'nyumba yomwe nyimbo za tchalitchi nthawi zambiri zimaimbidwa ndikukonda nyimbo kuyambira ali aang'ono . Abale onse anayi anakhala oimba, ndipo Gordon anatenga gitala. Rumulus atagwira ntchito ku Singapore mu 1936, abale akewo anapita naye; Gordon ankakhala mumzindawo kwa zaka ziwiri. + +Kusangalatsa nyimbo +Mu 1950, pambuyo pozindikira ufulu wa Indonesia ku Indonesia, Gordon Tobing adachokera ku Jakarta ku Ulaya ndipo anayamba ntchito ya Produksi Film Negara (PFN). Pamene studio ikuwonetsa filimu ya Rakjat Memilih (The People Choose), Tobing adafunsidwa kuti apeze oimba ena kuti apereke nyimbo. Anabweretsa Soryana, Tiur, ndi Ellen Hutabarat, ana aakazi a wachibale wapatali. Pogwiritsa ntchito dzina lakuti Sinondang Tapian Nauli, anthu atatuwa adachitiranso ku hotels mumzindawu. Tobing adayamba kukwera ku nyumba ya Hutabarat mu 1951, ngakhale adauzidwa kuti achoke mu 1954 atangoyamba mwana wamkazi wamng'ono, Theresia. Makolo ake, amene anali atasankha kale mwamuna wake, sanavomereze. + +Mu 1951 Tobing anasiya PFN kuti alowe ku Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI), komwe anakhala komweko kwa zaka zinayi. Sinondang Tapian Nauli ankakonda kuchita pawunivesite pulogalamu ya Panggung Gembira ndi Sekuntum Melati. Mu 1953 Tobing anapita ndi nthumwi ya chi Indonesia ku 4th International Festival of Youth and Students, yomwe inachitikira ku Bucharest, Romania. Pa nthawi yomwe adaimba "Sinanggar Tulo" ndi "Embun", komanso "Rayuan Pulau Kelapa". Iye analemba nyimbo yomalizira iyi ku USSR, kumene idakhala yotchuka. Paulendo wamabasi ndi nthumwi za chikhalidwe, nthawi zambiri amayamba kusewera gitala ndikuitana anzake kuti aziimba. Iravana wotchedwa Durban Ardjo adakumbukira kuti izi zathandiza nthumwi ndi makomiti okonzekera kumudzi kukhala ndi chidziwitso chakuyanjana ndi chidziwitso. + +Ntchito yotsatira ndi imfa +Banjali linakhala ku Medan kwa zaka zingapo, ndipo Tobing adagwiridwa ndi gulu lotsogolera ku China la Sio Ie She. Anakhazikitsanso gulu lake lomwe, Suara Harapan, lomwe linagwira pa nthambi ya RRI ya Medan. Komabe, Tobing adakhumudwa ndi mzindawu, ndipo mu 1959 iye ndi Theresia adachoka ku Medan kuti abwerere ku Jakarta, komwe adayanjana ndi ojambula ndi ojambula a ku Indonesia omwe si a boma pa ulendo wa kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Pambuyo pa zaka zotsatira, adatengapo nawo mbali pulogalamu ya nthumwi yambiri ya chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo imodzi ku Fair Fair World 1964. Pozindikira kuti ali ndi luso loimba, Tobing adalandira gitala kuchokera kwa Pulezidenti Gamal Abdel Nasser wa ku Egypt komanso guitar wina wa Fidel Castro. Anaperekanso ndondomeko ndi Prince Norodom Sihanouk wa ku Cambodia. + +Mu 1960, Tobing ndi mkazi wake adakhazikitsa gulu la mawu a Impola; iwo amagwira ntchito ndi Koes Hendratmo (id) kwa kanthawi, ndipo kawirikawiri ankachitiranso alendo otchuka. Izi zinaphatikizapo Mkulu Prince Akihito wa ku Japan, yemwe Tobing anaimba nyimbo ya anthu a ku Japan. [9] Tobing ndi Hutabarat anapitirizabe kuimira Indonesia monga nthumwi za chikhalidwe, potsirizira pake kupita ku makontinenti asanu. Tobing inagwiritsanso ntchito mabungwe ambiri a boma, kuphatikizapo Indonesia Police, Bank of Indonesia, ndi Bank Dagang Nasional Indonesia (id) (National Bank Bank of Indonesia). Anayitsidwanso ku Nyumba ya Merdeka kuti akonzekerere Purezidenti Suharto. + +Tobing anafera ku Jakarta pa 1:30 mmawa (UTC + 7) pa 13 January 1993. Msonkhano wa chikumbutso unachitikira ku Sahid Hotel ku Jakarta mwezi wotsatira. + +Mtundu wa nyimbo +Tobing anali kudziphunzitsa yekha. Momwemo, malinga ndi Tempo, makonzedwe a nyimbo zake zinali zopanda ntchito ndipo luso lake la kusewera gitala sizinali zodabwitsa. Magaziniyi imasonyeza kupambana kwake kukhalapo kwake komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wosangalatsa nthawi iliyonse. Zimamulongosola ngati omvetsera odabwitsa mwa kukana kugwiritsa ntchito maikolofoni ndi kuyenda kuchoka pa siteji ndi makamu akuyang'anira, atanyamula gitala ndi kuimba zikuwoneka ngati palibe chovuta. Nthawi zambiri ankachita nyimbo za chinenero cha Batak, kuphatikizapo "Imbani Sing So" ndi "Butet". Jennifer Lindsay, polembera mu 2012, akufotokoza Tobing kuti safafaniza kale. + +Tobing anakana kulandira mgwirizano wogwira ntchito ndi mahotela kapena mipiringidzo, ndipo pamene analemba nyimbo iye nthawi zambiri anakana kulemba kapena kugulitsa. Izi zinamulepheretsa ndalama, ndipo iye ndi banja lake ankakhala ndi apongozi ake a nyumba ya mamita 3 ndi 15 (9,8 ft 49.2 ft) ku Kebon Sirih, ku Jakarta. [2] Tobing nthawi zambiri amatenga basi m'malo moyendetsa galimoto, ndipo, atafunsidwa kuti achite ku Krems kulengeza mwambo wa nyimbo ku Donau ku Austria mu September 1981, adafunafuna wothandizira popeza sakanatha kupereka tikiti. + +Tobing analembera ma Album awiri ku Indonesia. + +Zolemba + +Ntchito zatchulidwa + + + +Anabadwa mu 1925 +Imfa ya mu 1991 +Mtengo ukumeza kapena Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) ndi mbalame yosamukira ku Hirundinidae. Kupezeka ku America, mtengo unameza unayamba kufotokozedwa mu 1807 ndi Louis Vieillot, yemwe ndi nyamakazi wa ku France monga Hirundo bicolor. Zachokera kale kumtundu wake, Tachycineta, kumene kulimbikitsana kwake kumakhala kukangana. Mtengo wakumeza umakhala ndi mapiko okongola a buluu, opatulapo mapiko a wakuda ndi mchira, ndi zoyera pansi. Ndalamayi ndi yakuda, maso ndi ofiira, ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndizofiira. Mkaziyo amakhala wodetsedwa kwambiri kuposa wamwamuna, ndipo mkazi wazaka zoyamba amakhala ndi ziphuphu zambiri za bulauni, ndi nthenga zina zakuda. Amunawa ali ndi zofiira zofiirira, ndi mawere otsukira-bulauni. Mitengo imadyera ku US ndi Canada. Ndi nyengo yachisanu m'mphepete mwa kum'mwera kwa US, kumbali ya Gulf Coast, ku Panama ndi gombe lakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America, ndi ku West Indies. + +Mtengowo umameka kumadyerera m'magulu awiri kapena m'magulumagulu, muzinthu zonse zachilengedwe. Kubereka kungayambe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, ngakhale kuti tsikuli likupita patsogolo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, ndipo lingathe kutha mochedwa July. Mbalameyi nthawi zambiri imakhala yokhazikika pakati pawo (ngakhale kuti amuna 8% ndi amodzi), ali ndi maubwenzi apamwamba. Izi zikhoza kupindulitsa abambo, koma popeza amayi amawongolera kukangana, kusowa kwa chisankho pa momwe khalidweli limapindulira akazi kumapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azidabwa kwambiri. Mkaziyo amalowetsamo kabuku kawiri mpaka eyiti (koma kawiri kawiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri) mazira woyera oyera, kawirikawiri masiku 14 mpaka 15. Nkhuku zimathamanga pang'ono monga asynchronously, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amai aziika patsogolo zomwe zimadyetsa kudyetsa chakudya panthawi ya kusowa kwa chakudya. Nkhuku zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito masiku 18 mpaka 22 mutatha. Mtengo umame nthawi zina umawoneka ngati thupi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku wopangidwa. + +Mitengo ya mlengalenga, mtengo umameza onse awiri okha ndi magulu, amadya makamaka tizilombo. Mamasukiloni, akangaude, ndi zipatso amapezeka mumadya. Nthendu, monga wamkulu, zimadya makamaka tizilombo, timadyetsedwa ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi. Izi zowonongeka zimakhala zovuta ku ziphuphu, koma, pamene zinyama zazing'ono, izi sizikuwonongeka. Zotsatira za matenda zingakhale zolimba ngati mtengo ukumeza kumakula, monga mbali zina za chitetezo cha mthupi zimachepera ndi msinkhu. Mwachitsanzo, kuteteza chitetezo cha m'thupi mwa T kumachepetsa ndi msinkhu, pomwe matenda onse osatetezeka omwe amatha kukhala nawo komanso osadziwika. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi kosasunthika, mtengo ukumeza ukuonedwa ngati osasamala ndi International Union for Conservation of Chilengedwe. Ku US, imatetezedwa ndi Chigwirizano cha Mbalame Yotuluka M'chaka cha 1918, ndi ku Canada ndi Msonkhano Wokonzera Mbalame Zosamuka. Kumeza kumeneku kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito za anthu, monga kuchotsa nkhalango; Nyanja zamadzimadzi zimatha kukakamiza mtengo wozomera kuti uzipita kutali kuti ukapeze chakudya cha calcium kuti udyetse anapiye ake. + +Kufotokozera +Mtengowu umakhala ndi pakati pa 12 ndi 14 cm (4.7 ndi 5.5) ndipo umakhala wolemera pafupifupi 17 mpaka 25.5 g (0,60 mpaka 0,90 oz). Amunawa amakhala ndi mapiko a mdima wobiriwira, mapiko ndi mchira kukhala wakuda. Pansi ndi tsaya chigamba ndi zoyera, ngakhale kuti mapiko omwe ali pansi ndi ofiira. Ndalamazo ndi zakuda, maso ndi ofiira, ndipo miyendo ndi mapazi ndizofiira. Mzimayi amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mwamuna ngati poyamba ndi duller, ndipo nthawizina amakhala ndi mutu wa bulauni. Mkazi wa zaka zoyamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni, ndi nambala yosiyanasiyana ya nthenga za buluu. Kufiira kofiira kofiira kumakhala ndi ntchito yolola kuti kufufuza malo obisala, monga wamphongo kawirikawiri kumakhala kosautsa kwa mkazi wa zaka zoyamba. Mkazi wachiwiri wazaka zina nthawi zina amakhala ndi nyemba zofiira. Amunawa amatha kusiyanitsa ndi maonekedwe awo a bulauni ndi mawere oviika-bulauni. + +Mawu +Nyimbo ya mtengo wa swallow imakhala zolemba zitatu zotsalira ndikutsika kumapeto kwa zida zamadzi. Nyimbo iyi imabwerezedwa. Kufuula kwake ndi "peeh" kapena "pee-deeh"; kuitana kumeneku kungathetseretu achikulire omwe akupempha pamene chilombo chili pafupi. + +Zolemba + +Mbalame zafotokozedwa mu 1808 +Zendaya Maree Stoermer Coleman (anabadwa pa September 1, 1996), yemwe amadziwika kuti Zendaya, ndi wojambula nyimbo komanso woimba nyimbo ku America. Anayamba ntchito yake kuti aziwoneka ngati mwana wachinyamata komanso wovina, asanayambe kutchuka monga Rocky Blue pa Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up (2010-2013). M'chaka cha 2013, Zendaya adakangana pa nyengo yachisanu ndi chimodzi cha mpikisano. Kuchokera mu 2015 mpaka 2018, iye anapanga ndipo anali ndi nyenyezi monga K.C. Cooper pa Disney Channel sitcom K.C. Zolemba. Anapanga filimu yake mu 2017, kuphatikizapo Michelle "MJ" Jones mu Marvel Cinematic Universe filimu yotchuka Spider-Man: Homecoming ndi Anne Wheeler mu filimu ya nyimbo The Greatest Showman. + +Zendaya adayamba ntchito yake mu nyimbo pojambula nyimbo mosasamala komanso kumasula "Swag It Out" ndi "Watch Me" mu 2011, womaliza ntchitoyi ndi Bella Thorne. Anasaina ndi Hollywood Records m'chaka cha 2012 ndipo kenako adatulutsanso wosakwatiwa, "Replay", yomwe inafikira nambala 40 pa chati ya Billboard Hot 100 ku United States. Zendaya's self-titutu debut studio album (2013) yomwe inayamba pa nambala 51 pa chartboard ya Billboard 200. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Coleman anabadwa pa September 1, 1996, ku Oakland, California, mwana yekhayo wa Claire Marie (Stoermer) ndi Kazembe Ajamu (anabadwa Samuel David Coleman). Ali ndi ana aakazi asanu okalamba pambali ya atate wake. Bambo ake ndi African-American, omwe ali ndi mizu ku Arkansas, pamene amayi ake ali ndi makolo achi German ndi Scottish. Zendaya wanena kuti dzina lake limatanthauza "kuyamika" mu Shona, chinenero cha Bantu chochokera kwa anthu a Chimerika ku Zimbabwe. Anakula monga wojambula mbali ina ku California Shakespeare Theatre ku Orinda, California kumene amayi ake amagwira ntchito monga woyang'anira nyumba kuphatikizapo maphunziro pa pulogalamu ya ophunzira yoperekera zionetsero. Iye adawonekera pazinthu zambiri za masitepe pamene anali kupita ku Oakland School for Arts, monga a Little Ti Moune ku Once on This Island ku Berkeley Playhouse komanso ntchito ya mwamuna wamwamuna Joe ku Caroline, kapena kusintha pa TheatreWorks ya Palo Alto. + +Zendaya anakhala zaka zitatu akuvina mu gulu lavina lotchedwa Future Shock Oakland. Gululo linapanga hip-hop ndi hula kuvina ali ndi zaka eyiti. + +Anaphunzira pa CalShakes Conservatory Program komanso pa American Conservatory Theatre. Zina zake zina ndi William Shakespeare wa Richard III, Usiku wachisanu ndi chiwiri, ndi As You Like It. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1996 +Anthu amoyo +Maselo a Mercedes-Benz W114 ndi W115 ndi mndandanda wa mabungwe oyendetsa magetsi ndi ophatikizidwa omwe adayambitsidwa mu 1968 ndi Mercedes-Benz, opangidwa m'chaka cha 1976, ndipo amasiyanitsa pamsika ndi mayina ofanana ndi injini yawo. + +Mafilimu a W114 anali ndi injini zisanu ndi imodzi ndipo ankagulitsidwa monga 230, 250, ndi 280, pomwe mafilimu a W115 anali ndi injini zinayi zamakina ndipo anagulitsidwa ngati 200, 220, 230, ndi 240. + +Onse anali okonzedwa ndi Paul Bracq, omwe anali ndi bokosi lachitatu. Pa nthawiyi Mercedes anagulitsa sitima zapamwamba m'kalasi ziwiri, ndi W114 / W115 pansi pa Mercedes-Benz S-Class. + +Kuchokera mu 1968, Mercedes anagulitsa mtundu wawo wachitsanzo monga New Generation Models, kupatsa mbale zawo za ID kuti '/8'(chifukwa cha chaka cha 1968 chakutsegulira). Chifukwa iwo anali okhawo enieni magalimoto atsopano a otchedwa 'New Generation' ndipo chifukwa cha '/8' kapena 'kutentha umunthu', mawonekedwe a W114 ndi W115 anamaliza kulandira dzina lachijeremani la German Strich Acht, lotembenuzidwa mosamasuliridwa ku chiphaso cha English asanu ndi atatu. + +Onaninso + Mercedes-Benz W110 + Mercedes-Benz W123 + +Zolemba + +Magalimoto oyambitsidwa mu 1968 +Fumba Chama (wobadwa pa 6 April 1984), wodziwika bwino monga Pilato, ndi wojambula wa ku Zambia wotchedwa hip hop wojambula ku Ndola. Dzina lakuti Pilato lolembedwa monga pilAto ndilolembedwera, Anthu a Lyrical Arena Taking Over. Atabadwira komanso akulira m'boma la cooperative, pilAto adayamba ntchito yake monga Mthandizi ali ndi zaka 10 asanalowe muzinyamwali mu 2010 komanso mu 2010, ndakatulo inayamba nyimbo yake. Pilato watulutsa ma studio atatu. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Chama Fumba mumzinda umodzi wa Ndola ndipo analeredwa bwino kwambiri ndi midzi yosauka kwambiri yomwe inamufikitsa pafupi ndi mavuto a umphawi komanso mavuto a anthu ambiri. Ali ndi zaka khumi, anayamba kale kugwiritsira ntchito ndakatulo kuti asamangokhalira kuganiza za mavuto omwe adam'gwera. + +Ntchito yamakono +Nyimbo za pilAto ndizofotokozera zochitika zapamwamba zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zochitika zapamwamba za Hip Hop zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pambuyo poyambira ngati ndakatulo Pilato amatchulidwa ngati mawu a anthu osayankhula, amadziwika kuti ndi oyenera pa nthawi ya Demokarasi ku Zambia.pilAto watha kukonza zojambulajambula ndi nyimbo pazithunzi zandale ku Zambia lerolino. Mu 2010 Pilato anapambana mphoto ya Ngoma monga Mlembi Wopambana wa Zambia. Pambuyo pake adasankhidwa ku Video Music Best ku Born & Bred Awards mu 2011. + +Moyo waumwini + +Nkhani zalamulo +Pilato amene adalembapo adamangidwa kamodzi pa ntchito yake pa nyimbo zake zomwe zinkaonedwa ngati khalidwe lothetsa mtendere. + +2013 +M'chaka cha 2013 anthu amanenera kuti PilAto anamangidwa chifukwa cha nyimbo "Bufi". Mu nyimbo Pilato ndi Petersen akuimba za malonjezo osweka monga mafuta otsika mtengo, kumanga misewu ndi mwayi wa ntchito kwa achinyamata. Anagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga Boza, Bufi, Ulabeja, Wenye omwe onse amatanthauza chinthu chomwecho: mabodza. Koma mauthenga onsewa pamene Chief Joyce Kasosa adatulutsidwa ndi mkulu wa apolisi wa Lusaka kuti Pilato anamangidwa chifukwa cha nyimbo yake yatsopano yotchedwa Bufi. Apolisi Chef adanena kuti dipatimenti ya apolisi siinalembedwe nkhaniyi ndipo Pilato akadali nzika yaulere. Pilato adatsimikiziranso kuti sanapite ku polisi. + +2015 +Mu June 2015 Pilato anamangidwa [18] chifukwa cha nyimbo ya Aphiri Anabwela ya Nashil Pischen Kazembe, koma ndi mawu a Pilato omwe amachititsa kuti Purezidenti Lungu "aledzere," mwazinyozo zina zambiri. Atatuluka kundende Pilato adanena kuti sangathe kutsutsa Mtsogoleri wa boma ndi nyimbo yake komanso kuti akungotulutsa uthenga wake. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1984 anabadwa +Mulenga Mpundu Kapwepwe (wobadwa pa 7 Oktoba 1958) ndi wolemba wa Zambia, woyambitsa chipani cha Zambian Women's History Museum ndipo ali mwana wamkazi wa Simon Kapwepwe omwe kale anali wotsitsi wamkulu wa Zambia. Amadziwikanso pomanga makalata ku Lusaka, likulu la Zambia, kuthandiza ana aang'ono kudziphunzitsa okha. + +Ntchito +Kapwepwe anayamba kulembera masewera ake kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake ndi kusowa maphunziro apamwamba a zisudzo. Monga wolemba, Kapwepwe adalemba masewera ndi mabuku omwe amapindula mphoto. Kuwonjezera pa kulemba ndi kupanga zipangizo zamaphunziro, nkhani zochepa ndi masewera, Mulenga yatulutsa mavidiyo, mapulogalamu a pa TV ndi wailesi pazinthu zingapo. + +Anatumikira monga pulezidenti wa National Arts Council Zambia, kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2017. Anatumikira monga Mtsogoleri wa mabungwe angapo, kuphatikizapo Women in Visual Arts Association, Zambia Music Music and Dance Association, ndi Youth For Culture Association. Iye wakhala Wachiwiri Wachiwiri wa Ukusefya pa Ngwena Cultural Association, Zambia Visual Arts Council ndi Zambia Women Writers Association. Kapwepwe akhalanso pa Komiti ya Zambia ku UNESCO ndi Arts Institute of Africa ndipo ndi wotsogolera wa Arterial Network. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1958 +Anthu amoyo +Kawirikawiri amadziwika kuti hellebores mtundu wa Eurasian Helleborus uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya zomera zoumba zoumba kapena zobiriwira mumtundu wa Ranunculaceae, momwe umatchulira mtundu wa Helleboreae. Ngakhale kuti maina monga "nyengo yozizira", "Khirisimasi ananyamuka" ndi "Lenten ananyamuka", hellebores sali ofanana kwambiri ndi a rosaceae. Mitundu yambiri ya hellebore ndi yoopsa. + +Taxonomy +Mtunduwu unakhazikitsidwa ndi Carl Linnaeus mu buku limodzi la zomera zake Plantarum mu 1753. + +Dzina la sayansi Helleborus limachokera ku liwu lachigriki lachigriki lakuti λλέβορος (helléboros), dzina la H. orientalis, lopangidwa kuchokera ku ἑλεῖν (heleîn), kutanthauza kuti "kuvulaza", ndi βορά (borá), kutanthauza "chakudya" + +Kufalitsa ndi kufotokoza +Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mtundu umenewu inayamba ku Ulaya ndi Asia. Mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo imapezeka ku Balkans. Mitundu ina yamatsenga (H. thibetanus) imachokera kumadzulo kwa China; Mitundu ina yamatsenga (H. vesicarius) imakhala m'dera laling'ono kumalire a Turkey ndi Syria. + +Maluwawa ali ndi zipilala zisanu zazing'ono zozungulira pamphepete mwa mphete zazing'ono, zomwe zimakhala ngati "petals" zomwe zasinthidwa kuti zikhale ndi timadzi tokoma. Zisindikizo sizingagwe, koma zimakhalabe pamtunda, nthawi zina kwa miyezi yambiri. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa ku Spain akusonyeza kuti kuumirira kwa osamalidwa kumathandizira kuti mbewu zikhale bwino (Herrera 2005). + +Tizilombo ndi matenda + +Tizilombo + +Phytomyza hellebori +Mbalame yotchedwa Hellebore minerer, Phytomyza hellebori ndi ntchentche yaing'ono yomwe imadwalitsa zomera za H. foetidus yekha m'banja la Hellebore. Mbewu ya minda imathamanga pogwiritsa ntchito masamba a H. foetidus. Mitengoyi imapanga mabala a brownish pa zomera. Izi zidzasanduka malo otukuka kumene ntchentche zidzaika mphutsi zawo. Masamba adzatembenuka moyera pambali pomwe miyala ikugwedezeka pamene nthawi ikupitirira. Mphutsi idzayamba kudya mkati mwa masamba mu August, ndipo kuwonongeka kudzayamba kuchokera kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa masika. + +Pofuna kuchepetsa zovuta kwambiri, masamba amatha kuchotsedwa miyezi yozizira isanafike ntchentche zikuluzikulu. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda malire poletsa mphutsi ndi anthu othamanga m'munda. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo angayambitse ntchentche zazitsamba zopanda masamba ngati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya maluwa a hellebore. + +Macrosiphum hellebori +Macrosiphum hellebori, commonly known as Hellebore aphid or greenfly, is a sap feeding aphid that infests the flowers and foliage of hellebore plants. The whitish-green aphids are about 2–4mm long and form dense colonies on hellebores, coating them with a honeydew that can lead to the growth of sooty mold on the leaves and flowers of the hellebore. This species of aphid only affect hellebores and are most active in March and April when the hellebores are flowering and when few aphid predators are around, though they may infest during any time of the year. + +Aphids will start their feeding from the outside the flowers, beginning at the leaves and then moving towards the flower petals of the hellebore. As the hellebore beings to open, the aphids will try to move into the flower. The aphids will then feed on the inner parts of the plant as well as the young stems and shoots. As the population grows, the aphids will eventually eat the remaining parts of the plant, such as older leaves, for food. + +Aphid infestations can be controlled through persistent squashing of the aphids manually, or by using insecticides. It is not recommended to spray flowering hellebores as it may harm the non-aphid pollinating insects + +Matenda + +Botrytis cinerea +Botrytis cinerea kapena gray mold ndi matenda a fungal omwe amachititsa zomera zokongola kwambiri. Nkhumba zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya zomera ndipo zimakula ndi nkhungu zofiira kwambiri pamtunda, monga masamba, masamba, ndi maluwa. Mbali za zomerazo zikhoza kufota ndi kufa pambuyo poonekera kwa nkhungu, makamaka maluwa. Kawirikawiri bowa limangotulutsa zomera palimodzi kapena pamene chomeracho chili ndi nkhawa, koma chidziwikiranso kuti chimachititsa kuti zomera zizikhala mvula. Ngati chinyezi chili chochepa, nkhunguyo ikhoza kukhala ndi madontho pamtengowo, koma nkhungu imadziwika kuti ikufalikira mofulumira kwambiri. Grey nkhungu ikhoza kuyambitsa chomera nthawi iliyonse ya chaka ndipo sichidalira nyengo. Bowa lidzapanga mbewu zakuda monga zinyama m'mitengo yakufa kuti izipangitse kuti zikhale ndi moyo pamene zomera zatsopano zimasowa. Ma spores amafalikira pamlengalenga kupita ku zomera zatsopano. + +Pofuna kuchiza chomera choyambitsa matenda, choyamba ndicho kuchotsa masamba ndi masamba, kufa ndi maluwa nthawi yomweyo limodzi ndi zipangizo zina zakufa pafupi ndi hellebore. Gawo lotsatira ndi kuchepetsa chinyezi kuzungulira chomeracho mwa kukonzanso mpweya wabwino ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zomera sizingatheke. + +Nyumba yamakono yamakina osakanikirana + +Zolemba + + + Orphan reference: Graham Rice & Elizabeth Strangman, The Gardener's Guide to Growing Hellebores, David & Charles/Timber Press (1993) + Orphan reference: Brian Mathew, Hellebores, Alpine Garden Society (1989) + +Mitengo ya Khrisimasi +Garden zomera +Mitengo ya mankhwala +Mitengo yoopsa +Ranunculaceae genera +Ufiti +Federal Party inali phwando mu Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland. + +Mbiri +Bungwe la Federal Party linakhazikitsidwa pa 7 August 1953 ndi atsogoleri a mapani olamulira m'madera atatu kuti athetse chisankho cha federal mu December. Zosankhozo zinapangitsa kuti phwando latsopanolo ligonjetse mipando 24 pa mipando 35. Mu chisankho chachikulu ku Northern Rhodesia chaka chotsatira, adagonjetsa mipando khumi ndi iwiri yosankhidwa. + +Mu November 1957, Federal Party inagwirizana ndi United Rhodesia Party kuti ipange United Federal Party. + +Maphwando apolisi ku Rhodesia +Northern Rhodesia inali chitetezo kumwera kwa pakati pa Africa, chomwe chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1911 mwa kugwirizanitsa chitetezo choyambirira cha Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia ndi North-Eastern Rhodesia. Anayambitsidwa poyamba, monga anali otetezera awiri oyambirira, ndi Bungwe la British South Africa (BSAC), kampani yovomerezeka m'malo mwa British Government. Kuchokera m'chaka cha 1924, boma la Britain linayendetsedwa ndi chitetezo cha pansi pa zifukwa zofanana ndi mabungwe ena oteteza ku Britain, ndipo zofunikira zomwe zinkafunika panthawi yomwe zinkaperekedwa ndi BSAC zinathetsedwa. +Eleanora Fagan (April 7, 1915 - Julai 17, 1959), wodziwika bwino monga Billie Holiday, anali mimba ya ku jazz ya ku America yomwe ili ndi zaka pafupifupi makumi atatu. Atchulidwa kuti "Tsiku la Dona" ndi abwenzi ake ndi amzanga omwe amacheza ndi Lester Young, Holiday anali ndi mphamvu pamasewero a jazz ndi kuimba pop. Mawu ake, omwe anauziridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri ojambula nyimbo za jazz, anapanga njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito zida ndi nthawi. Ankadziwika chifukwa cha kutumiza mawu ndi maluso osakonzekera, omwe amapanga maphunziro ake ochepa. + +Pambuyo panthawi yovuta, Nthaŵi ya Tchuthi idayamba kuimba m'mabwalo a usiku ku Harlem, komwe anamva ndi wolemba John Hammond, amene adayamika. Analemba mgwirizano wolembera ndi Brunswick Records mu 1935. Kugwirizana ndi Teddy Wilson kunapangitsa kuti "Kodi Kuwala Kwakukulu Kwambiri Kungathe Bwanji", komwe kunayambira muyezo wa jazz. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1930 ndi 1940, Tchutchutchu zinkakhala bwino pamakalata monga Columbia Records ndi Decca Records. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, iye adali ndi mavuto alamulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pambuyo pa chilango chochepa cha kundende, iye anachita nawo msonkhano wotulutsidwa ku Carnegie Hall, koma mbiri yake inakula chifukwa cha mavuto ake osokoneza bongo ndi mowa. + +Ngakhale kuti anali katswiri wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi ziwonetsero ziwiri zomwe zinagulitsidwa ku Carnegie Hall, kudwala kwachiwongoladzanja, kuphatikizapo chiyanjano chaukwati komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinachititsa kuti mawu ake afota. Zolemba zake zomaliza zinali zosakanikirana ndi mawu ake owonongeka koma zinali zochepa zogulitsa zamalonda. Nyimbo yake yotsiriza, Lady mu Satin, inatulutsidwa mu 1958. Tchuthi linafa ndi matenda a chibwibwi pa July 17, 1959. Album yotumizidwa, Last Record, inatulutsidwa pambuyo pa imfa yake. + +Zambiri za Pulogalamuyi zakhala zikubwezeretsedwa kuyambira imfa yake. Iye akuwoneka kuti ndi woimba wamakono ndi chikoka chopitirira pa nyimbo za America. Iye ndi amene amalandila madalitso anayi a Grammy Awards, onsewa omwe amapatsidwa mphoto kwa Best Historical Album. Pulogalamuyi inalembedwa mu Grammy Hall of Fame mu 1973. Lady Sings the Blues, filimu yokhudza moyo wake, Diana Ross, anatulutsidwa m'chaka cha 1972. Iye ndi yemwe ali ndi khalidwe lapamwamba pa sewero ndipo kenako tsiku lakale la Lady's pa Emerson's Bar ndi Grill; udindowu unayambika ndi Reenie Upchurch mu 1986 ndipo adawonetsedwa ndi Audra McDonald pa Broadway komanso mu filimuyi. + +Discography +Billie Holiday yotchulidwapo malemba anayi: Columbia Records, yomwe inamulembera ma DVD ena a Brunswick Records, Records Vocalion, ndi OKeh Records, kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1942; Ma CD Commodore mu 1939 ndi 1944; Decca Records kuyambira 1944 mpaka 1950; mwachidule kwa Aladdin Records mu 1951; Verve Records ndi cholembedwa chake choyamba Clef Records; kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1957, kenanso kwa Columbia Records kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1958 ndipo potsirizira pake kwa MGM Records mu 1959. Zojambula zambiri za Holidays zinawonekera pa ma 78-rpm zolemba pasanayambe nthawi yojambula nyimbo, ndipo ndi Clef, Verve, ndi Columbia yekha Anatulutsa Albums mu nthawi yake ya moyo yomwe sizinali zolembedwera zakuthupi zomwe zinatulutsidwa kale. Makonzedwe ambiri atulutsidwa kuyambira imfa yake; komanso ma bokosi aakulu ndi zojambula. + +Hit records +Mu 1986, kampani ya Joel Whitburn ya Record Research inalemba zambiri zokhudza kutchuka kwa zojambula zomwe zinatulutsidwa kuchokera ku nthawi yoyamba ya rock ndi roll ndi kupanga mapulogalamu apamwamba kuyambira pachiyambi cha malonda ojambula nyimbo. Zotsatira za kampanizi zinafalitsidwa m'buku la Pop Memories 1890-1954. Zolemba zingapo za Tchuthi zalembedwa pa mapepala a pop pop Whitburn adalengedwa. + +Pulogalamuyi inayamba kujambula ntchito yake pamasewero akuluakulu ndi buku lake loyamba, "Riffin 'the Scotch", limene makope 5,000 anagulitsidwa. Anatulutsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti Benny Goodman ndi Orchestra yake. + +Zambiri za Pulogalamuyi zakupambana koyamba zinatulutsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti "Teddy Wilson ndi Orchestra Yake." Pamene anali kukhala mu gulu la Wilson, Tchuthi imayimba mipiringidzo ingapo ndipo oimba ena amakhala ndi solo. Wilson, mmodzi mwa oimba pianist oposa jazz nthawi swing, limodzi ndi Odyera kuposa woimba wina aliyense. Iye ndi Holiday anatulutsa zolemba 95 palimodzi. + +Mu Julayi 1936, Tchuthi anayamba kutulutsa mbali pansi pa dzina lake. Nyimbozi zinatulutsidwa pansi pa dzina lakuti Billie Holiday & Her Orchestra. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chikhalidwe cha jazz chotchedwa "Chilimwe" chinagulitsidwa bwino ndipo chinatchulidwa pazithunzi zapakati pa nthawiyi pa nambala 12, nthawi yoyamba ndondomeko ya jazz inalembedwa. Mpukutu wa R & B wa "Billy Stewart" wa R & B wokha ndi womwe unapangidwira pa tchati chokwanira kuposa Holidays, yomwe ikulemba pa nambala 10 zaka makumi atatu pambuyo pake mu 1966. + +Pulogalamuyi inali ndi nyimbo 16 zogulitsidwa bwino mu 1937, zomwe zimagulitsa chaka chonse. M'chaka chino, Tchuthi adapeza nambala imodzi yokha yomwe inamveka ngati wolemba mawu pa mapepala omwe alipo alipo 1930, "Osasamala". Mgwirizano wakuti "Ndili ndi Chikondi Changa Kuti Ndikhale Wosangalatsa", adalembedwanso ndi Ray Noble, Glen Gray ndi Fred Astaire omwe kumasuliridwa kwawo kunali kwabwino kwa milungu iwiri. Pulogalamuyi ili ndi ndondomeko 6 pa mapeto a chaka chomwe chilipo cha 1937. + +Mu 1939, Tchuthi linalemba mbiri yake yogulitsa kwambiri, "Zipatso Zachilendo" za Commodore, zojambula pa nambala 16 pa mapepala opezeka pop popanga ma 1930. + +Mu 1940, Billboard anayamba kusindikiza zikalata zake zamakono zamakono, zomwe zinaphatikizapo ndondomeko ya Best Sales Sell Retail Records, yomwe ili patsogolo pa Hot 100. Palibe nyimbo za Phirili zomwe zinayikidwa pamabuku amakono a pope, mwina chifukwa Billboard inangosindikiza zoyambira khumi za masati muzinthu zina. Kugonjera kwazing'ono ndi kutulutsa zosasunthika kunalibe njira yodziwonekera. + +"Mulungu adalitse mwanayo", yemwe adagulitsa magulu oposa milioni, adayika nambala 3 pa nyimbo za Billboard za kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1941. + +Pa Oktoba 24, 1942, Billboard anayamba kupereka mipukutu yake ya R & B. Nyimbo ziwiri za Phirili zinayikidwa pa tchati, "Trav'lin 'Kuwala" ndi Paul Whiteman, yomwe ili pamunsi pa tchati, ndi "Munthu Wokonda", womwe unakafika ku nambala 5. "Trav Light" inafikanso 18 pa Billboard, mapeto omaliza. + +Zolemba + 1915 kubadwa + 1959 akufa +Nkhope ili kutsogolo kwa mutu wa nyama yomwe ili ndi ziwalo zitatu za mutu, mphuno, ndi pakamwa, ndipo kudzera mwa ziweto zomwe zimayankhula zambiri za mtima wawo. Nkhope ndi yofunikira kwambiri kuti munthu adziŵe, ndipo kuwonongeka ngati kupweteka kapena kutukuka kumakhudza psyche molakwika. + +Chikhalidwe +Kutsogolo kwa mutu wa munthu kumatchedwa nkhope. Zimaphatikizapo madera angapo osiyana, zomwe zikuluzikuluzi ndizo: + + Mphumi, yomwe imakhala ndi khungu pansi pa tsitsi, imadulidwa pambuyo pake ndi akachisi ndi pansi pake ndi ziso ndi makutu. + Maso akukhala mumtsinje ndi kutetezedwa ndi maso, ndi eyelashes. + Mphuno yosiyana ya umunthu, mphuno, ndi nsalu yamphongo. + Masaya omwe amavala maxilla ndi mandibula (kapena nsagwada), kumapeto kwake ndi khungu. + Pakamwa, ndi pakamwa pamlingo wopangidwa ndi philtrum, nthawi zina amawulula mano. + Maonekedwe a nkhope ndi ofunikira kuti anthu azizindikiranso komanso kuyankhulana. Minofu ya m'maso mwa anthu imalola kumveketsa. + +Nkhope yokha ndiyo gawo lodziwika bwino la thupi la munthu ndipo mawu ake angasinthe pamene ubongo umalimbikitsidwa ndi mphamvu iliyonse ya umunthu, monga kukhudza, kutentha, kununkhira, kulawa, kumva, kuyenda, njala, kapena zowonetserako. + +Zithunzi + +Nkhope ndi chinthu chomwe chimasiyanitsa kwambiri munthu. Madera apadera a ubongo waumunthu, monga fusiform nkhope malo (FFA), amathandiza kuzindikira nkhope; pamene izi zowonongeka, zingakhale zosatheka kuzindikira nkhope komanso achibale anu apamtima. Chitsanzo cha ziwalo zina, monga maso, kapena mbali zina zazo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chidziwitso cha chilengedwe kuti mudziwe anthu okhaokha. + +Maonekedwe a nkhope amakhudzidwa ndi mafupa a chigaza, ndipo nkhope iliyonse imakhala yapadera kupyolera m'kusiyana kwa maonekedwe a mafupa a viscerocranium (ndi neurocranium). Mafupa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula nkhope ndiwo maxilla, mandible, fupa la nasal ndi zygomatic bone. Zofunikanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yofewa, monga mafuta, tsitsi, ndi khungu (mtundu umene umasiyana nawo). + +Kusintha kwa nkhope kumatenga nthawi, ndipo zomwe zimawonekera kwa ana kapena makanda, monga ma pod-pads odziwika bwino nthawi zina, zomwe zimathandiza mwanayo kuti azikhazikika pamasaya pamene akuyamwitsa. Ngakhale kuti mafuta amtunduwu amachepetsa kukula, kukula kwa mafupa kumawonjezeka ndi msinkhu pamene akukula ndikukula. + +Maonekedwe a nkhope ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha kukongola, makamaka kuonekera kwa nkhope. + +Zolemba + +Mutu wa munthu ndi khosi +Vincent Willem van Gogh (Dutch: [vɪnsɛnt ʋɪləm vɑŋ ɣɔx] 30 March 1853 - 29 July 1890) anali wojambula wa Dutch Post-Impressionist yemwe ndi mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri komanso olemekezeka m'mbiri ya zamakono a West. Pa zaka khumi zokha analenga zithunzi pafupifupi 2,100, kuphatikizapo zithunzi 860 za mafuta, ambiri mwa zaka ziwiri zapitazo. Zimaphatikizapo malo, zamoyo, zithunzi komanso zojambulajambula, ndipo zimadziwika ndi mitundu yolimba komanso zojambula zochititsa chidwi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maziko a zamakono apange. Adzipha pazaka 37 zotsatira za matenda aumphawi ndi umphawi. + +Atabadwira m'banja lapamwamba, Van Gogh adakali mwana ndipo anali wolimba, wamtendere komanso woganizira. Ali mnyamata adagwira ntchito yogulitsa luso, nthawi zambiri akuyenda, koma adasokonezeka atatumizidwa ku London. Anatembenukira ku chipembedzo, ndipo anakhala nthawi yaumishonale wa Chiprotestanti kumpoto kwa Belgium. Anayamba kudwala ndi kudzipatula asanayambe kujambula mu 1881, atabwerera kunyumba ndi makolo ake. Mng'ono wake Theo anamuthandiza pa zachuma, ndipo awiriwo adalemba kalata yaitali. Ntchito zake zoyambirira, makamaka zamoyo ndi ziwonetsero za antchito olima, ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa za mtundu woonekera womwe unasiyanitsa ntchito yake yotsatira. Mu 1886, anasamukira ku Paris, kumene anakumana ndi anthu a avant-garde, kuphatikizapo Emile Bernard ndi Paul Gauguin, omwe anali kutsutsana ndi chidwi cha Impressionist. Pamene ntchito yake inakhazikitsidwa adayambitsa njira yatsopano yopititsira patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu komanso mizinda. Zithunzi zake zinakula kwambiri pamene adayamba kalembedwe kake pamene adakhala ku Arles kum'mwera kwa France mu 1888. Pa nthawiyi adakulitsa nkhani yake kuphatikizapo mitengo ya azitona, minda ya tirigu ndi mpendadzuwa. + +Zaka zoyambirira + +Vincent Willem van Gogh anabadwa pa 30 March 1853 ndikulowa m'banja la Dutch Reformed ku Groot-Zundert, m'chigawo chachikulu cha Katolika cha North Brabant kum'mwera kwa Netherlands. Iye anali mwana wamkulu kwambiri wa Theodorus van Gogh, mtumiki wa Tchalitchi cha Dutch Reformed, ndi Anna Cornelia Carbentus. Van Gogh anapatsidwa dzina la agogo ake aamuna, ndi a mchimwene wake anabadwa chimodzimodzi chaka chimodzi asanabadwe.Vincent anali dzina lofala m'banja la Van Gogh: agogo ake aamuna, a Vincent (1789-1874), omwe adalandira digiri ya zamulungu pa M'chaka cha 1811, yunivesite ya Leiden, inali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi, ndipo atatu mwa iwo anakhala opanga zamalonda. Vincent uyu angakhale atatchulidwa dzina la amalume ake aang'ono, ojambula zithunzi (1729-1802). + +Amayi a Van Gogh adachokera ku banja lolemera ku The Hague, ndipo bambo ake anali mwana wamng'ono kwambiri wa mtumiki. Onse awiri anakumana pamene mchemwali wake wa Anna, Cornelia, anakwatira mkulu wa Theodorus, Vincent (Cent). Makolo a Van Gogh anakwatira mu May 1851 ndipo anasamukira ku Zundert. Mbale wake Theo anabadwa pa 1 May 1857. Panali m'bale wina, Cor, ndi alongo atatu: Elisabeth, Anna, ndi Willemina (wotchedwa "Wil"). M'moyo wam'tsogolo Van Vangh adangogwirizana ndi Willemina ndi Theo. Amayi a Van Gogh anali amayi okhwima komanso achipembedzo omwe anagogomezera kufunikira kwa banja mpaka kufotokozera anthu omwe ali pafupi naye. Malipiro a Theodorus anali odzichepetsa, koma Tchalitchi chinapatsa banjali nyumba, mdzakazi, ophika awiri, woyang'anira munda, galimoto ndi kavalo, ndipo Anna adalimbikitsa ana kuti azikhala ndi udindo wopititsa patsogolo banja lawo. + +Van Gogh anali mwana wamkulu komanso woganizira. Anaphunzitsidwa pakhomo ndi amayi ake komanso wophunzira, ndipo mu 1860 anatumizidwa ku sukulu ya kumudzi. Mu 1864 adayikidwa ku sukulu ya abusa ku Zevenbergen, komwe adamva kuti achoka, ndipo adalimbikitsidwa kubwerera kwawo. M'malomwake, mu 1866 makolo ake anamutumiza ku sukulu yapakati ku Tilburg, komwe sanasangalale kwambiri. Chidwi chake chojambula chinayamba ali wamng'ono. Analimbikitsidwa kutengera mwana wake ndi mwana wake, ndipo zojambula zake ndizofotokozera, koma sakuyandikira kwambiri ntchito yake yotsatira.Constant Cornelis Huijsmans, yemwe adali katswiri wojambula ku Paris, adaphunzitsa ophunzira ku Tilburg. Filosofi yake inali kukana njira kuti atenge zojambula za zinthu, makamaka zachilengedwe kapena zinthu zofala. Kusakhutira kwakukulu kwa Van Gogh kumawoneka kuti kwakuphimba maphunziro, omwe analibe zotsatira; mu March 1868 adabwerera kwawo mwamsanga. Pambuyo pake analemba kuti unyamata wake unali "wotentha komanso wozizira, wosabala". + +Mu Julayi 1869 Bambo ake a uncle a Van Gogh adapeza udindo kwa ogulitsa malonda Goupil & Cie ku The Hague. Atamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1873, adasamutsira ku ofesi ya Goupil ku London ku Southampton Street, ndipo adakhala ku 87 Hackford Road, Stockwell. Iyi inali nthawi yosangalatsa kwa Van Gogh; iye anali wopambana kuntchito, ndipo pa 20 anali kupeza zochuluka kuposa bambo ake. Mkazi wa Theo adanena kuti uwu unali chaka chabwino kwambiri cha moyo wa Vincent. Anakopeka ndi mwana wamkazi wa nyumba yake, Eugénie Loyer, koma anakanidwa atavomereza maganizo ake; iye analumikizidwa mwachinsinsi kwa yemwe kale anali ogona. Iye anakula kwambiri, ndipo anali wolimba mtima mwachipembedzo. Bambo ake ndi amalume ake anakonza zoti apite ku Paris mu 1875, komwe adakwiya kwambiri ndi nkhani monga momwe amachitira zojambulajambula, ndipo adachotsedwa chaka chimodzi. + +Reputation + +Kwa Zinthu Zakale Za Vincent van Gogh +Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890-1978), dzina lake Vincent Willem van Gogh (1890-1978), analandira nyumbayo pambuyo pa imfa ya amayi ake mu 1925. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, adakonza zolemba makalata onse omwe analembedwa m'mabuku anayi ndi zinenero zambiri. Kenaka adayamba kukambirana ndi boma la Dutch kuti athandizire maziko oti agule ndikugulitsa zonsezo. Mwana wa Theo anatenga nawo mbali pokonzekera polojekitiyo poganiza kuti ntchitoyi idzawonetsedwa pansi pazifukwa zabwino. Ntchitoyi inayamba mu 1963; Katswiri wina wa zomangamanga dzina lake Gerrit Rietveld anapatsidwa ntchito yoti apange, ndipo atamwalira mu 1964, Kisho Kurokawa anatenga udindo. Ntchito inapita patsogolo m'zaka za m'ma 1960, ndi 1972 monga cholinga cha kutseguka kwake. + +Nyumba ya Van Gogh inatsegulidwa ku Museum Museum ku Amsterdam m'chaka cha 1973. Idamakhala nyumba yachiwiri yotchuka ku Netherlands, pambuyo pa Rijksmuseum, yomwe imalandira alendo oposa 1.5 miliyoni pa chaka. Mu 2015 anali ndi mbiri 1.9 miliyoni; [293] 85 peresenti ya alendo ochokera kumayiko ena. + +Zosowa + + + + + + + + + + + + Other editions: (German); (Dutch) + + + + + + + + + + + + ; (Hungarian) + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +1853 kubadwa +1890 akufa +Natasha Salifyanji Kaoma (wobadwa m'chaka cha 1992) ndi dokotala wa ku Zambia, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi amene anayambitsa Copper Rose Zambia bungwe lofuna kuphunzitsa amayi kufunikira kwa umoyo wogonana ndi kubereka. Iye ndi wotsogolera zaumoyo wa amayi komanso wopambana mphoto ya Mfumukazi ya Young Queen's 2017. Iye ndi membala wa Royal Commonwealth Society pa ntchito yake kuti apititse patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu a Commonwealth ndipo adasankhidwanso kuti apereke chiwombolo cha Nelson Mandela-Graca Machel mu 2016. Natasha amachokera ku banja limene makamaka limayang'aniridwa ndi akazi, kukhala mwana wachisanu ndi chimodzi. Ali ndi mchimwene amene amapezeka kuti ndi mwamuna yekhayo m'banja. Onsewo ali asanu ndi awiri m'banja. Natasha ndi mphotho ya 2017 ya Queens Young Leaders komanso Champion Women's Year-Healthcare Champion ya 2017. + +Zolemba +Clapham Common ndi malo akuluakulu okhala m'mizinda ya katatu, ku Clapham, kum'mwera kwa London. Malo oyamba omwe amapezeka ku mapiri a Battersea ndi Clapham, adasandulika ku parkland pansi pa malamulo a Metropolitan Commons Act 1878. Ndi mahekitala makumi asanu ndi atatu (89 hectares) a malo obiriwira, omwe ali ndi mabwawa atatu ndi gulu la Victorian. Zimanyalanyazidwa ndi nyumba zazikulu za ku Georgia ndi Victor komanso pafupi ndi mzinda wa Clapham. + +Tchalitchi cha Utatu Clapham, tchalitchi cha Georgia cha m'zaka za m'ma 1800 choyang'ana pakiyi, ndi chofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Evangelical Clapham Sect. Gawo la paki ili mkati mwa London Borough of Wandsworth, ndipo theka lina liri mkati mwa London Borough ya Lambeth. + +Zosankha za boma +Clapham Common ali mu ward ya chisankho ya Clapham. + +Mu 2010, anthu a m'dera la Clapham Common adasankha awiri a Council Conservative Council and a Lib Dem Advisor. + +Mu 2014, anthu a Clapham Common ward adasankha 3 Council Conservative Councilors. Iyi inali nthawi yoyamba imene Conservatives idagonjetsa Clapham Common ward kuyambira m'ma 1960. + +Mu 2018, anthu adasankha 2 Ntchito ndi 1 konsenti ya Conservative. + +Malemba + + +Clapham +World Wrestling Entertainment, Inc., kuchita bizinesi monga WWE, ndi kampani yayikulu yomwe imapanga masewera olimbirana. Tsopano ndi kampani yotchuka kwambiri mu bizinesi yakulimbana. Vince J. McMahon anayambitsa kampaniyo mu 1963. Mwana wake, Vince K. McMahon tsopano ndi wotsogoleli wamkulu ndi wamkulu wa kampaniyo ndipo akuyendetsa kampaniyo pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamkazi Stephanie McMahon ndi mwamuna wake Paul Levesque, wotchedwa Triple H. + +Kampaniyo inkadziwika kuti World Wrestling Federation kapena WWF. Iwo adasintha dzina lawo ku World Wrestling Entertainment pambuyo pa mlandu wochokera ku World Wide Fund for Nature, yemwe poyamba ankatchedwa World Wildlife Fund, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito "WWF" oyambirira ku United States. Mu 2011, kampaniyo inadzikumbutsanso ngati WWE, ngakhale dzina lake lalamulo lidalibe World Wrestling Entertainment. + +Ziwonetsero + +Mawonetsedwe a masabata onse + +Zolemba +Paul Michael Levesque (wobadwa pa 27 Julayi 1969) ndi mkulu wa bizinesi wa ku America, wothandizira pantchito wotchuka wrestler, wojambula, komanso woyambitsa thupi. Iye amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la mphete H (triple H), kufotokoza kwa dzina lake lakale la Hunter Hearst Helmsley. Iye tsopano ndi COO ("Chief Operating Officer") wa WWE. + +Asanalowe nawo WWE, Levesque anayamba ntchito yake ndi World Championship Wrestling (WCW) mu 1993, akulimbana ndi dzina lakuti Terra Ryzing. Adzakhalanso ndi Jean-Paul Lévesque, wachiroma wa ku France, asanafike pa World Wrestling Federation (tsopano WWE) mu 1995. + +Popeza adalowa mu WWE, wakhala msilikali wazaka 14 (wamakono): WWE Champion Wose-Time komanso Champion World Heavyweight Champion Wachisanu. Komanso, adagonjetsa Mfumu ya 1997 ya Royal Ring, yomwe ili mu 2002 Royal Rumble. wachiwiri wamkulu wa Slam Champion. + +Anakwatira Stephanie McMahon mu 2003, kukhala mpongozi wa WWE, Vince McMahon. Kunja kwa nkhondo, Levesque wapanga alendo ambiri pafilimu ndi pa TV. Akuyang'ana mu WWE Film Journey of Death. Patsamba lomaliza la 2008, Triple H adagonjetsa WWE Championship. Anataya mutu wake pa Survivor Series 2008 mpaka Edge. + +Pa 2009 Palibe Way Out, Triple H adabwezeretsanso WWE Championship mu Msonkhano wa Chigamulo cha Omanama kwa nthawi yachisanu ndi chitatu, akukantha mbiri ya The Rock kasanu ndi kawiri. + +Atatha kulowa mu 2016 Royal Rumble match in no. 30, adachotsa Ambrose kuti apambane ndi Royal Rumble ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko lapansi 14. Pambuyo pake anataya Championship kuli Roman Reigns ku WrestleMania 32. + +Kuchita + +Mafilimu +Blade: Trinity - Jarko Grimwood (2004) +Relative Strangers - Wrestler (2006) (Uncredited) +The Chaperone - Raymond "Ray Ray" Bradstone (2011) +Inside Out - Arlo "AJ" Jayne (2011) +Scooby-Doo! WrestleMania Mystery - Himself (2014) (voice) + +Zolemba + + + + + +Zimapanga thupi +Anthu amoyo +WWE wrestlers +Obadwa mu 1969 +Lamlungu ndi tsiku pakati pa Loweruka ndi Lolemba. Lamlungu ndi tsiku la mpumulo m'mayiko ambiri akumadzulo, monga gawo la sabata ndi sabata usiku. + +Kwa Akhristu ambiri owonetsetsa, Lamlungu likuwonedwa ngati tsiku la kupembedza ndi kupumula, kuligwira ngati Tsiku la Ambuye ndi tsiku la chiukitsiro cha Khristu. M'mayiko ena achi Islam ndi Israeli, Lamlungu ndilo tsiku loyamba la ntchito ya sabata. Malingana ndi kalendala ya Chiheberi ndi kalendala yachikhristu, Lamlungu ndilo tsiku loyamba la sabata. Malingana ndi International Organization for Standardization ISO 8601, Lamlungu ndi tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la sabata. + +Lamlungu mu Chikhristu + +Makalata achikunja +Mu chikhalidwe cha Chiroma, Lamlungu linali tsiku la mulungu wa Sun. Muchikunja, dzuŵa linali gwero la moyo, kuwapatsa kutentha ndi kuwunikira kwa anthu. Anali pakati pa mpatuko wotchuka pakati pa Aroma, omwe ankaima m'mawa kuti atenge kuwala kwa dzuwa koyamba pamene akupemphera. + +Mwaiwo kuti muwone mu chikhalidwe-kupembedza kwa anansi awo achikunja kukhala chizindikiro chovomerezeka ku chikhulupiriro chawo chomwe sichinatayika pa Akhristu. Mmodzi mwa makolo a Tchalitchi, St. Jerome, adzalengeza kuti: "Ngati achikunja amachitcha [tsiku la Ambuye] [...] 'dzuwa la dzuwa,' timavomereza kuti, chifukwa lero kuunika kwa dziko lapansi kwawuka, lero akuwululidwa dzuwa la chilungamo ndi machiritso mu miyezi yake. " +Kuganiziranso komweku kungakhudze kusankhidwa kwa tsiku la Khirisimasi patsiku la nyengo yozizira, yomwe chikondwerero chake chinali gawo la chipembedzo cha dzuwa cha dzuwa. Momwemonso, mipingo yachikristu yamangidwa ndipo ikukumangidwanso (momwe zingathere) ndi chikhalidwe kotero kuti mpingo umayang'ane kutsogolo kwakummawa kummawa. Patapita nthawi, St. Francis amavomereza nyimbo yake yotchuka: "Ndiyamike, Mbuye wanga, mwa zolengedwa zanu zonse, makamaka mwa mbuye wanga M'bale Sun, amene amabweretsa tsikulo, ndipo mumapatsa kuwala kudzera mwa iye. mu ulemerero wake wonse, mwa iwe Wam'mwambamwamba, ali ndi chifaniziro. " + +Ntchito yachikhristu +Onaninso: Sabata mu Chikhristu +Aroma akale ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito masiku asanu ndi atatu a azungu, msika wamsika, koma m'nthawi ya Augusto m'zaka za zana la 1 AD, sabata la masiku asanu ndi awiri linagwiritsidwanso ntchito. + +Justin Martyr, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, akunena za "memoirs ya atumwi" monga kuwerenga "tsiku lotchedwa dzuŵa" (Lamlungu) pamodzi ndi "zolemba za aneneri." + +Pa 7 March 321, Constantine Woyamba, Mroma Woyamba wa Roma (onani Constantine I ndi Chikhristu), adalengeza kuti Lamlungu lidzawonedwa ngati tsiku la mpumulo wa Aroma: + +Tsiku lolemekezeka la Dzuwa liwalola akuluakulu a boma ndi anthu omwe akukhala mumzinda kuti apumule, ndipo awonetseni maofesi onse atseke. Komabe, m'dzikolo, anthu omwe ali ndi ulimi angathe kupitiriza ntchito zawo mwaufulu; chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti tsiku lina silili loyenera kubzala mbewu kapena kubzala mphesa; kuti ponyalanyaza mphindi yoyenera ya ntchito zoterezo ubwino wa kumwamba uyenera kutayika. + +Ngakhale kuti adalandira Lamlungu ngati tsiku lopumula ndi Constantine, sabata la masiku asanu ndi awiri ndipo ma nundial cycle anapitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono mpaka kalendala ya 354 ndipo mwinamwake mtsogolo. + +Mu 363, Canon 29 ya Msonkhano wa Laodikaya inaletsa kusunga Sabata lachiyuda (Loweruka), ndipo analimbikitsa Akhristu kugwira ntchito Loweruka ndi kupuma pa Tsiku la Ambuye (Lamlungu). Mfundo yakuti bukuli liyenera kutchulidwa konse ndizisonyezero kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa lamulo la Constantine la 321 silinali lonse, ngakhale pakati pa Akhristu. Zikuwonetsanso kuti Ayuda anali kusunga Sabata Loweruka. + +Miyambo zamakono +Zipembedzo zina zachikhristu, zotchedwa "Sabata", zikuwonetsa Sabata Lamlungu. Dzina lakuti "Sabbatarian" lakunenedwa ndi akhristu, makamaka Aprotestanti, omwe amakhulupirira kuti Lamlungu ayenera kuwonedwa ndi kudziletsa kokha kuntchito yogwirizana ndi "Shabbat". Akhristu a Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptisti, ndi Mpingo wa Mulungu (Seventh-Day) zipembedzo, komanso Ayuda ambiri aumesiya, apitirizabe kuchita ntchito ndi kusonkhana kuti azilambirira Loweruka mpaka dzuwa litalowa. kodi onse otsatira a Mulungu m'Baibulo. + +Kwa akhristu ambiri mwambo ndi udindo wa kupumula kwa Lamlungu sizowonongeka. Ochepa mwa Akhristu samaona tsiku limene amapita kutchalitchi ngati lofunika, malinga ngati akupezeka. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pamapeto a miyambo ya Sabata, koma kutha kwa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku tsiku ndi tsiku ndi mwambo. Akhristu ambiri lerolino amasunga Lamlungu ngati tsiku la kupezeka kwa tchalitchi. + +Milandu ya Roma Katolika, Lamlungu limayamba Loweruka madzulo. Misa yamadzulo pa Loweruka imakhala tsiku lonse Lamlungu Lamlungu ndikukwaniritsa udindo wawo wopita kumsonkhano wa Lamlungu, ndipo Vespers (mapemphero a madzulo) Loweruka usiku ndikumasulira "Vespers" oyambirira a Lamlungu. Madzulo omwewo, kuyembekezera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ku miyambo ina yayikuru ndi maphwando, ndipo ndizogwirizana ndi mwambo wachiyuda woyambitsa tsiku latsopano dzuwa litalowa. Amene amagwira ntchito zachipatala, ogwira ntchito, ndi asilikali kumalo a nkhondo amaperekedwa kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi choyenera kupita ku Tchalitchi Lamlungu. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphatikize ntchito yawo ndi kupita ku misonkhano yachipembedzo ngati n'kotheka.Kummawa kwa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox, Lamlungu limayambira pa Pang'ono Ndipang'ono kwa Odzimana (Loweruka ndi Madzulo) Loweruka madzulo ndikuyendetsa mpaka "Vouchsafe, O Ambuye" (pambuyo pa "prokeimenon") ya Vespers Lamlungu usiku. Panthawiyi, kuchotsedwa kwa mautumiki onse kumayambira ndi mawu akuti, "Mulole Khristu wathu Mulungu woona, amene adawuka kwa akufa ...." Aliyense amene akufuna kulandira Chiyero Chayera pa Divine Liturgy Lamlungu m'mawa amayenera kupita ku Vespers usiku usanayambe (onani chiyero cha Ekaristi). Pakati pa Akhristu a Orthodox, Lamlungu limatengedwa kuti ndi "Pascha Yaikulu" (Isitala), ndipo chifukwa cha Paschal chisangalalo, kuponyedwa kwa nthaka sikuletsedwa, kupatula nthawi zina. Zochita zosangalatsa ndi kusadziletsa, kukhala zonyansa ndi zonyansa kwa Khristu monga nthawi yowonongeka, sikuletsedwa [zosautsa-kukambirana]. + +Zilankhulo zina zilibe mawu osiyana pa "Loweruka" ndi "Sabata" (e.g. Italian, Chipwitikizi). Kunja kwa dziko lolankhula Chingerezi, Sabata ngati liwu, ngati likugwiritsidwa ntchito, limatanthawuza Loweruka (kapena machitidwe achiyuda omwe ali pamenepo); Lamlungu limatchedwa Tsiku la Ambuye e. g. mu zinenero zachi Romance ndi Greek Greek. Koma, Akristu olankhula Chingerezi nthawi zambiri amatchula Lamlungu ngati Sabata (kupatulapo Sabata ya Sabata); chizoloŵezi chimene, mwinamwake chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwa mayiko onse ndi chikhalidwe cha Latin cha Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, chikufala kwambiri pakati pa (koma osangokhala) Achiprotestanti. O Quakers mwachizolowezi amatchula Lamlungu ngati "Tsiku loyamba" kutanthauzira chiyambi cha chikunja cha dzina la Chingerezi, pamene akunena Loweruka ngati "Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri". + +Mawu a Chirasha a Lamlungu ndi "Voskresenie," kutanthauza "Tsiku la Kuukitsidwa." Liwu lachi Greek la Sunday ndi "Kyriake" ("Tsiku la Ambuye"). Mawu a Czech, Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Serbian, Chiyukireniya ndi Chibalarusi a Lamlungu ("neděle," "niedziela," "nedelja", "nedjelja," "недеља", "неділя" ndi "нядзеля" pamasulidwe) akhoza kumasuliridwa monga "opanda ntchito (palibe ntchito)." + +Nyenyezi +Lamlungu limagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzuwa ndipo limawonetsedwa ndi ☉. + +Zolemba + +Zotsatira + Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology. Harper Collins. + +Kuwerenga kwina + Bacchiocchi, Samuele. From Sabbath to Sunday: a historical investigation of the rise of Sunday observance in early Christianity (Pontifical Gregorian University, 1977) + Cotton, John Paul. From Sabbath to Sunday: a study in early Christianity (1933) + Kraft, Robert A. "Some Notes on Sabbath Observance in Early Christianity." Andrews University Seminary Studies (1965) 3: 18-33. online + Land, Gary. Historical Dictionary of the Seventh-day Adventists] (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) + González, Justo. "A Brief History of Sunday: From the New Testament to the New Creation" (Eerdmans, 2017) + +1 Lamlungu +Lamlungu +Misonkhano yachikhristu ya Lamlungu +Lolemba ndi tsiku pakati pa Lamulungu ndi Lachiwiri. Malingana ndi muyeso wadziko lonse ISO 8601 ndi tsiku loyamba la sabata. Dzina la Lolemba limachokera ku Old English Mōnandæg ndi Middle English Monenday, poyamba kumasuliridwa kwa Chilatini kumwalira kwa "Moon of Moon". + +Udindo mu mlungu +Pambuyo pake, sabata la Agiriki ndi Aroma linayamba ndi Lamlungu (dies solis), ndipo Lolemba (akufa lunae) linali tsiku lachiwiri la sabata. Ndi chizoloŵezi cholozera Lolemba monga feria secunda mu kalendala yamatchalitchi ya Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika. Quakers amakhalanso olemba Lolemba ngati "Tsiku lachiwiri". Achipwitikizi ndi Agiriki (Eastern Orthodox Church) amakhalanso ndi miyambo yachipembedzo (Chipwitikizi segunda-feira, Greek) ndi "yachiwiri"). Mofananamo dzina lachihebri la Monday ndi yom-sheni (יום שני). + +Masiku ano, zafala kwambiri kuti tiganizire Lolemba tsiku loyamba la sabata. Mayiko onse a ISO 8601 amalowetsa Lolemba ngati tsiku loyamba la sabata, ndipo izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamalendala ku Ulaya komanso m'mayiko ena. Lolemba ndi xīngqīyī (星期一) mu Chitchaina, kutanthauza "tsiku limodzi la sabata". Chikhalidwe chamakono chakumadzulo nthawi zambiri chimayang'ana Lolemba ngati kuyamba kwa ntchito. + +References + + Barnhart, Robert K. (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology. Harper Collins. + +2 Lolemba +Yellow-billed shrike ndi mbalame yayikulu yomwe imapezeka m'banja la shrike. Nthaŵi zina amadziwika kuti long-tailed shrike koma izi ziyenera kukhumudwa chifukwa zimayambitsa chisokonezo ndi mzere wautali, Lanius schach, wa kumwera kwa Asia. Mbalame yotchedwa yellow-billed shrike ndi mbalame yomwe imakonda kuswana m'madera otentha ku Africa kuchokera ku Senegal kum'mawa kupita ku Uganda komanso kumadera akumadzulo kwa Kenya. Amapititsa nkhalango ndi malo ena ndi mitengo. + +Zolemba + + + Birds of The Gambia by Barlow, Wacher and Disley, + + +yellow-billed shrike +Zamtel, amene dzina lake ndi Zambia Telecommunications Company Limited, ndi wogwira ntchito pa telecommunication provider ku Zambia. Zamtel ndi imodzi mwa mafoni atatu apakompyuta mu dziko; enawo ndi Airtel ndi MTN. + +Mbiri +Msonkhano woyamba unayambitsidwa ku Livingstone, monga gawo la General Post Office (GPO). Mu 1975, GPO idasandulika ku Zambian Post and Telecommunication Corporation (PTC). + +Mu Julayi 1994 boma la Zambia linasankha Lamulo la Telecommunications lomwe linayambitsa kugawidwa kwa bungwe la Post ndi Telecommunications mu makampani awiri osiyana: Zambia Postal Services Corporation (Zampost), ndi Zambia Telecommunications Company (Zamtel). Kampani imagwera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Ministry of Transport, Works, Supply and Communications of Zambia. + +Mu 2010, boma la Zambia, lomwe linali Pulezidenti wa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD), Rupiah Banda, anagulitsa 75 peresenti ya Zamtel ku bungwe la LAP Green Networks. Boma linanena kuti lidachita zimenezi pofuna kuti Zamtel asatseke pokhazikitsa ndondomeko zowonjezereka. Izi zinali zosagwirizana zokha, koma monga momwe ena amanenera kuti kampaniyo idakali yotheka. Chisankho cha dziko la Zambia chaka cha 2011 chinawona kuti chipani cha MMD chokhacho chinalowe m'malo ndi otsutsa a Patriotic Front (PF). Boma latsopano lomwe lidasankhidwa, motsogoleredwa ndi Purezidenti Michael Sata, adafunsa mafunso a Zamtel chifukwa adakhulupirira kuti wagulitsidwa mwachinyengo ndi boma lapitalo. Kufufuzako kunapereka lipoti lomwe linasonyeza zolakwika monga momwe Zamtel anagulitsidwira, kunena kuti LAP Green ndi RP Capitals, omwe adasankhidwa kukhala othandizira zachuma, adagonjetsa akuluakulu a boma la Zambia; mlandu wakuti LAP Green ndi RP Capitals anakana. Chifukwa cha zomwe adazipeza, Pulezidenti Michael Sata adalamula kuti ndalama zokwana madola 257 miliyoni zikhazikitsidwe ndipo boma la Zambia linagonjetsa Zamtel. + +Mu 2013, LAP Green adatsutsa boma la Zambia ku khoti la Britain kuti adzilandire mwini Zamtel. Boma la Zambia linavomereza kuti lidzabwezeretsa LAP Green chifukwa cha ndalama zake, koma sizingalole kuti umwini wa kampaniyo abwerere kwa wogwira ntchito ku Liberia. + +Utsogoleri wa mabungwe +Sydney ndi Wongoganizira bwino ndi mtsogoleri wamakono. Amabweretsa Zamtel zaka 12 pakukonzekera, kupanga, kugwiritsira ntchito komanso kugwiritsira ntchito makanema a Telecommunication ku Central ndi East Africa. Ku Zamtel, iye akuyenera kuyendetsa Technology Technology Zamtel yomwe idzawonetsa zamakono zamakono kuti zikhale ndi ubwino komanso kupezeka kwa mautumiki. Sydney amagwira Master's Degree mu Communication Engineering (University of Manchester, UK) ndi Bachelor of Engineering Degree ku Telecommunication (University of Zambia). Sydney amagwira ntchito ku Ericsson East Africa monga Mutu wa Design & Planning komanso Celtel monga Senior Planning Engineer. Ku Ericsson, Sydney anakhazikitsa bungwe lokonzekera ndi kukonzekera lomwe linayambitsa njira zamakono zogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono komanso zosamukira kuntaneti kwa Airtel. Panthawi ya Celtel, Sydney anaphatikizidwa pakukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo lokonzekera ndikukonzekera maukonde omwe adawona kukula kwa olembetsa zikwi mazana ambiri kwa oposa awiri miliyoni. Makhalidwe abwino a Sydney anamuthandiza kuti athetse bwino Mau. Ali pa Ericsson, Sydney anabweretsa ku kampani masauzande ambirimbiri a madola pazinthu zomwe anali nazo pamene anali Wogulitsa Wotsatsa Amalonda Akuluakulu. Sydney ndi wotsogolera tsopano wa National Task Force on Digital Migration of Television kwa Republic of Zambia. + +Industrial Development Corporation mu August 2017 inakhazikitsa bwalo latsopano la oyang'anira Zamtel. Bungwe la Atsogoleri kwa Zamtel ndi Claire Limbwabwa, Misheck Lungu, Justin Chola, Bob Musenga, Danny Luswili ndi Francis Musonda. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja +Official website of Zambia Telecommunications Company Limited + +Makampani a Zambia +Wikitongues ndi bungwe lopanda phindu lolembetsa ku New York, USA. Icho chikufuna kulembera zilankhulo zonse padziko lapansi. Anakhazikitsidwa ndi Frederico Andrade, Daniel Bogre Udell ndi Lindie Botes mu 2014. Pofika mwezi wa May 2016, Wikitongues adalemba makope pafupifupi 329 m'zinenero zoposa 200. Pofika mu 2018, iwo alemba zilankhulo zoposa 350, kapena 5% ya chinenero chirichonse padziko lapansi. Poly ndi mapulogalamu otseguka otsegulidwa kuti agawane ndi kuphunzira zinenero. Ntchitoyi inathandizidwa pa Kickstarter ndipo bungwe linatha kukweza $ 52,716 USD mothandizidwa ndi 429 ochirikiza. Pakali pano pulogalamuyi ili pansi pano. Mavidiyo onse amamasulidwa pansi pa CC-by-NC 4.0 license. Posachedwapa, njira ina yomasulira kanema pansi pa CC-by-SA inayambitsanso. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + Official website + Youtube channel + Facebook page +Mabungwe akhazikitsidwa mu 2014 +Pro Evolution Soccer 2019 ndi masewero a kanema a mpira wotchedwa PES Productions ndipo adafalitsidwa ndi Konami kwa Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 ndi Xbox One. Masewerawo ndi gawo la 18 m'ndandanda wa PES ndipo adatulutsidwa pa August 28, kumpoto kwa America ndi Japan, Europe ndi Australia pa August 30, 2018. Philippe Coutinho wochokera ku Barcelona anawonekera pachikuto chakumapeto kwa magazini yovomerezeka pamene David Beckham adawonekera pachikuto chakumapeto kwa magazini yapadera. Komanso, magulu a Scottish a Celtic ndi a Rangers adabweretsedwera ku masewerawo ndi masewera awo, akubweretsa mpikisano wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse wa Old Firm ku maseŵero a maseŵera mwatsatanetsatane. Konami ya chaka chino adalonjezedwa kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ziphatso, zomwe zikuphatikizapo mipikisano yambiri ya malayisensi ndi masewera, ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana zatsopano. Mpaka pano mpikisano wothamanga mwachindunji ndi Konami ndi 12 Leagues zomwe zikuphatikizapo Ligue 1 & Ligue 2, Danish Superligaen, Premier League Liga, Portuguese Jupiler Pro League, Swiss Raiffeisen Super League, Scottish Premiership, Dutch Eredivisie, Argentina Primera División ndipo, makamaka, ndi Russia Premier League. Komabe, Konami adalengeza kuti sizinayambitsenso mgwirizano ndi UEFA ku Champions League, Europa League, ndi UEFA Super Cup zomwe akhala nazo zaka 10; layisensi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu EA Sports FIFA 19. + +Akusewera +PES 2019 ndi mpira wa masewera. Nthawi Zopanga za PES 2019 zimayikidwa patsogolo pa PES 2019. Konami adalengeza kuti International Cup Cup isanayambe kuwonjezeka ndipo adalengeza kuti njira yabwino yokambirana ndi kukonza bajeti. Wowonjezeranso kugulitsanso zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti njirayi ikhale yofunika osati pokhapokha komanso ndi kayendedwe ka gulu. Makhalidwe atsopano 11 adayambitsidwa omwe athandizidwe kuti apange mpikisano wokhazikika, kuphatikizapo mapeto, osayang'ana, kuyendetsa, kuthamanga ndi kuwombera. Iwo adalengezanso kuti ochita masewerawa adatengedwera kumtsinje wotsatira, komwe luso ndi mphamvu zimakhudza kwambiri komanso kuyendayenda pamasewera. + +Kukhudza thupi lonse komwe kunayambika chaka chatha kwakhala kukuwonjezeredwa. Momwe mpira ukulamuliridwa zimadalira zambiri pa zozungulira, kulola kuwombera mosavuta ndi mwatsatanetsatane wa mpira. + +Zolemba + +Masewera a 2017 +FIFA Women's World Cup ndi mpikisano wa masewera omwe amakopeka ndi azimayi achikulire a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), bungwe lolamulira la mayiko. Mpikisanowu wakhala ukuchitika zaka zinayi zilizonse kuyambira 1991, pamene mpikisano wotsegulira, womwe umatchedwa FIFA Women's World Championship, unachitikira ku China. Pansi pa mpikisano wamakono pano, magulu a mayiko amatha kukhala ndi malo 23 omwe ali ndi zaka zitatu. (Gulu la gulu la alendo limalowetsedweratu kuti likhale la 24). Mpikisano woyenerayo, yomwe imatchedwa kuti World Cup Finals, imatsutsidwa m'malo opezeka pakati pa mtundu wokhala nawo alendo kwa nthawi ya mwezi umodzi. Masewera asanu ndi awiri a FIFA Women's World Cup adalandidwa ndi magulu anayi a mayiko. Mphamvu yamakono ndi United States, atapambana udindo wawo wachitatu mu 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. + +Mbiri +Mu 1988 - Mphindi 58 pambuyo pa mpikisano woyamba wa FIFA World Cup mu 1930 ndipo pafupifupi zaka 17 pambuyo pa kuletsedwa kwa FA pa mpira wa azimayi mu 1971 - FIFA inachititsa chidwi ku China ngati mayeso kuti awonetse ngati World Cup ya amayi padziko lonse ikhonza kuthekera. Maiko khumi ndi awiri adagwira nawo mpikisano - anayi kuchokera ku UEFA, atatu kuchokera ku AFC, awiri ochokera ku CONCACAF ndipo mmodzi kuchokera ku CONMEBOL, CAF ndi OFC. Maseŵerawa adawona mpikisano wa Ulaya ku Norway akugonjetsa Sweden 1-0 pomaliza kuti apambane masewerawo, pamene Brazil adakakhala malo achitatu pomenyana nawo mwapikisano. Mpikisanoyo unayesedwa bwino ndipo pa 30 June FIFA inavomereza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Komiti Yadziko Lonse, imene iyenera kuchitika mu 1991 kachiwiri ku China. Apanso, magulu khumi ndi awiri anatsutsana, nthawiyi ikufika ku United States kukantha Norway mu 2-1. + +Kupopera +Wokonza: William Sawaya, Sawaya & Moroni, Milan, Italy +Chaka choyambirira: 1998 +Kutalika: 47cm +Kulemera kwake: 4.6kg +Zida: bronze, golide-yokutidwa; chomera; Verde Candeias Granite. + +Maofesi Ovomerezekawa akuphatikizapo mbale yomwe ili pansi pa chaka cholembedwa ndi dzina la msilikali aliyense wa FIFA Women's World Cup ™. + +Zinapangidwa ndi William Sawaya ndipo zidakonzedwa ndi akatswiri a Milanese Sawaya & Moroni chifukwa cha mpikisano wa 1999, monga gulu la anthu ozungulira, kutsegulira mpira wa pamwamba, omwe cholinga chake ndi kutenga masewera, kuthamanga ndi kukongola kwa mpira wa azimayi padziko lonse . M'chaka cha 2010, anali ndi makina ojambulidwa ndi kondomu. Pansi pazitsulo, dzina la mpikisano uliwonse wa ochita masewerawa amalembedwa. Nkhondo Yovomerezeka ili pafupifupi masentimita 18 ndipo imapangidwa ndi siliva wamtengo wapatali mu 23-karat wachikasu ndi golide woyera, ndipo mtengo wake umakhala wokwanira mu 2015 pafupifupi $ 30,000. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chikho cha World Cup chimapangidwa ndi golide wa karat 18 ndipo chili ndi mtengo wapatali wa $ 150,000. Komabe, mtsogoleri wa azimayi amapatsidwa dzina lopambana la Winner's Trophy kuti apite kunyumba, pomwe pali gulu limodzi lokha la anthu oyambirira. + +Mndandanda wa Akatswiri + +Oyabwino + +Gulu lonse likulemba +Malingana ndi chiŵerengero cha msonkhanowo ku mpira, masewero omwe adasankhidwa pa nthawi yowonjezera amawerengedwa kuti ndi opambana ndi otayika, pamene masewera adasankhidwa ndi chilango chowombera amawerengedwa ngati akukoka. Mfundo 3 potsindikiza, 1 mfundo pajambulo ndi 0 mfundo potsata. + +Gome ndi lolondola monga kutha kwa FIFA ya FIFA Women's World Cup. Masewera olimba ali mbali ya Fuko la World Cup la 2019 FIFA. + +Zogwirizana zakunja + + FIFA official site + UEFA's page on the FIFA Women's World Cup + Photos: FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007 on Time.com + RSSSF's pages +2018 FIFA Chikho Chadziko Lonse anali mpira wa 21 wa FIFA World Cup, mpikisano wa mpira wa masewera omwe amatsutsidwa ndi magulu a amuna omwe ali m'gulu la FIFA kamodzi pakatha zaka zinayi. Chinachitika ku Russia kuyambira 14 Juni mpaka 15 July 2018. Iyo inali yoyamba ya World Cup yomwe idzachitikira ku Eastern Europe, ndipo nthawi 11 yomwe idachitika ku Ulaya. Pafupifupi ndalama zokwana madola 14.2 biliyoni, inali yapamwamba kwambiri pa World Cup. Iwenso inali yoyamba ya World Cup kuti igwiritse ntchito ndondomeko ya wothandizira mavidiyo wotsutsa (VAR). + +Zogonjetsazo zinali ndi makamu 32, omwe 31 adapezeka mwa mpikisano wothamanga, pamene mtundu wa alendowo umadziwika bwino. Pa makampani 32, 20 adawonetseratu mchaka cha 2014, pomwe onse a ku Iceland ndi Panama adaonekera koyamba pa FIFA World Cup. Masewera 64 adasewera m'madera 12 m'midzi yonse khumi ndi iwiri. +Chotsatiracho chinachitika pa 15 July pa Stade ya Luzhniki ku Moscow, pakati pa France ndi Croatia. France adagonjetsa masewera 4-2 kuti adzalande udindo wawo wachiwiri wa World Cup, polemba chizindikiro chachinayi chotsatika chogonjetsedwa ndi timu ya ku Ulaya. + +Malo a mpira + +Mwambo wokutsegulira +Mwambowo unachitikira Lachinayi pa 14 June 2018, ku Stadium ya Luzhniki ku Moscow, yomwe idatsala pang'ono kumaliza masewerawa pakati pa asilikali a Russia ndi Saudi Arabia. + +Ronaldo yemwe adagonjetsa mpira wa World Cup ku Brazil, adatuluka ndi mwana atavala shati la Russia 2018. Robbie Williams ndiye adaimba nyimbo ziwiri asanakhale ndi Russian soprano Aida Garifullina adachita duet pamene ena adawoneka, atavala mbendera za magulu onse 32 ndi kunyamula chizindikiro cha mtundu uliwonse. Ovinawo analiponso.Ronaldo anabweretsa mpira wa masewera a 2018 World Cup omwe adatumizidwa mlengalenga ndi International Space Station ku March ndipo adabwerera ku Dziko kumayambiriro kwa June. + +Gawo la gulu +Maiko okondana anagawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi atatu a magulu anayi (magulu A mpaka H). Magulu m'magulu onse amasewera wina ndi mnzake, ndipo magulu awiri apamwamba a gulu lirilonse amapita kumalo ogogoda. Magulu khumi a ku Ulaya ndi magulu anayi a ku South America anapita patsogolo pa malo ogogoda, pamodzi ndi Japan ndi Mexico. + +Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuyambira mu 1938, Germany (magulu olamulira) sanapitirire ulendo woyamba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera mu 1982, palibe gulu la Afirika lomwe linapitiliza mpaka kuzungulira kachiwiri. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, masewero okwera bwino adagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamene Japan anayenerera ku Senegal chifukwa chokhala ndi makadi a chikasu ochepa. Mpikisano umodzi wokha, France ndi Denmark, unali wovuta kwambiri. Mpaka pomwepo padali masewero 36 owongoka omwe ali ndi cholinga chimodzi. + +Nthawi zonse zolembedwa pansipa ndi nthawi yapafupi. + +Okonza +Udindo wa magulu m'gulu la gululi unakhazikitsidwa motere: + +Mfundo zomwe zimapezeka machesi onse a gulu; +Kusiyana kwa mitu mu machesi onse a gulu; +Chiwerengero cha zolinga zomwe zinagwiridwa machesi onse a gulu; +fundo zomwe zinapezedwa m'maseŵera osewera pakati pa magulu omwe ali nawo; +Kusiyana kwa mpikisano m'maseŵera osewera pakati pa magulu omwe ali nawo; +Chiwerengero cha zolinga zomwe zimasewera pamaseŵera osewera pakati pa magulu omwe akufunsidwa; +Mawonedwe abwino pa masewero onse a gulu (kuchotsera limodzi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa wosewera mpira umodzi): +Chithunzi cha maere. + +Gulu A + +Gulu B + +Gulu C + +Gulu D + +Gulu E + +Gulu F + +Gulu G + +Gulu H + +Kupititsa patsogolo + +Mzere + +Pakati pa 16 + +Kumapeto-kumapeto + +Zomaliza + +Malo amodzi akusewera + +Kutsiriza +Nkhani yaikulu: 2018 FIFA Chikho Chadziko Lonse Chomaliza + +Zolemba + +Zobisika zakutali + + FIFA.com 2018 website + Welcome2018.com +2018 FIFA Chikho Chadziko Lonse Chomaliza inali yomaliza yomaliza kuti adziwe kuti wapambana mpira wa FIFA 2018 padziko lonse. Iyi inali yomaliza pa FIFA ya World Cup, mpikisano wothamanga ndi magulu a mpira wa anyamata ndipo inakonzedwa ndi FIFA. Izi zinasewera pa Stade ya Luzhniki ku Moscow, Russia, pa 15 July 2018, pakati pa France ndi Croatia. France adagonjetsa masewero 4-2. Cholinga cha Mario Mandžukić pamphindi wa 19 chinali chomaliza chotsatira chikho cha Chikho Chadziko Lonse kukhala ndi cholinga chake. Ogonjetsa Komiti Yadziko Lapansi akuyenerera pa 2021 FIFA Confederations Cup. + +Njira yopita kumapeto + +Machesi + +Tsatanetsatane + +Ziwerengero + +Zolemba + +FIFA Chikho chadziko lonse chomaliza +Africa Cup of Nations 2019 (yomwe imatchedwanso AFCON 2019 ndi CAN 2019) idzakhala mpikisano wa 32 wa Africa Cup of Nations. Mpikisanowu udzakambidwa ndi Cameroon. Idzachitika kuyambira 7 mpaka 30 June 2019. + +Gulu siteji + +Gulu A + +Gulu B + +Gulu C + +Gulu D + +Gulu E + +Gulu F + +Zolemba + +Africa Cup of Nations +Atombolombo ndi tizilombo ta dongosolo la Odonata, matenda a Anisoptera (ochokera ku Greek ἄνισος anisos, "osalinganika" ndi πτερόν pteron, "mapiko", chifukwa chakuti kuthamanga kuli kwakukulu kuposa chithunzi). Zilombo za dragonflies akuluakulu amadziwika ndi maso akuluakulu, mawiri awiri a mapiko amphamvu, mapiko oonekera, nthawi zina ali ndi mabala achikuda, ndi thupi lokhalitsa. Ziwombankhanga zikhoza kulakwitsa chifukwa cha gulu lomwe likugwirizana, damselflies (Zygoptera), zomwe ziri zofanana ndi kapangidwe, ngakhale zimakhala zowala mukumanga; Komabe, mapiko a dragonflies amachitikizidwa mokwanira ndi kutali ndi thupi, pamene damselflies amachititsa mapikowo kuti apumule, pamtunda kapena pamwamba pa mimba. Ziwombankhanga zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, pamene damselflies ali ndi mphamvu yofooka, yothamanga. Zilombo zam'mlengalenga zambiri zimakhala ndi zithunzi zokongola kwambiri kapena zitsulo zopangidwa ndi maonekedwe ake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke. Maso aakulu a dragonfly ali ndi pafupifupi 24,000 ommatidia iliyonse. + +Zamoyo + +Zachilengedwe +Zilombo zam'mlengalenga ndi damselflies zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi a m'nyanja ya nymphal ndi akuluakulu. Nymphs amadyetsa mitundu yambiri ya madzi osadziwika ndi yochuluka yomwe imatha kudya nyama zam'madzi ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Akuluakulu amatha kutenga nyama zakutchire mumlengalenga, pogwiritsa ntchito masomphenya awo komanso ndege yowonongeka. Mapulogalamu ofanana ndi anyamatawa ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo ali pakati pa magulu angapo omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kusinthana ndi umuna, kuchepetsa umuna, ndi mpikisano wa umuna. + +Amuna achikulire amateteza mwakhama madera pafupi ndi madzi; Izi zimapereka malo abwino oti mphutsi zikhazikitsidwe, komanso kuti akazi aziyika mazira awo. Nkhuku zodyera zimagwidwa kuti ziwombe nyama zowonongeka ngati zinyama zouluka. + +Khalidwe +Zambiri za dragonflies, makamaka amuna, ndizogawo. Ena amateteza gawo lawo ndi ena a mitundu yawo, ena amatsutsana ndi mitundu ina ya dragonfly ndi ochepa omwe amatsutsana ndi tizilombo m'magulu osagwirizana. Mtengo wina umapatsa dragonfly malingaliro abwino pa malo odyetseratu tizilombo, ndipo blue dasher (Pachydiplax longipennis) amagwiritsa ntchito zida zina kuti akhalebe ndi ufulu wokwera kumeneko. + +Kutetezera gawo lozala ndilofala pakati pa agulugufe aamuna, makamaka pakati pa mitundu yomwe imasonkhana pamadziwe ambirimbiri. Mundawu uli ndi zinthu zabwino monga dzuwa lotambasula madzi osadziwika, mitundu yapadera ya zomera, kapena gawo lina lofunika kuti dzira ligone. Gawolo lingakhale laling'ono kapena lalikulu, malingana ndi khalidwe lake, nthawi ya tsiku, ndi chiwerengero cha mpikisano, ndipo ikhoza kuchitidwa kwa mphindi zingapo kapena maola angapo. Zilombo za dragonflies zimasonyeza chizindikiro cha umwini ndi mitundu yowala pamaso, mimba, miyendo, kapena mapiko. Whitetail (Plathemis lydia) wamba amagwedeza kwa munthu wamba amene ali ndi mimba yoyera ngati mbendera. Zinyama zina zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zam'mlengalenga kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. Mkazi ayenera kukwatirana ndi mwini mundayo asanayambe mazira. Palinso mkangano pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Amuna nthawi zina amazunzidwa ndi amuna mpaka momwe amakhudzidwira ntchito zawo zachilengedwe kuphatikizapo kudya ndi zina zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu mitundu ina yazimayi zakhala ndi mayankho a makhalidwe monga kuwonetsa imfa kuti asamangoganizira za amuna. + +Kubalana + +Kulumikizana mu zifwambazi ndi zovuta, ndondomeko yowonongeka bwino. Choyamba, mwamuna ayenera kukopera mkazi ku gawo lake, kupitiliza kuyendetsa amuna apikisano. Pamene ali wokonzeka kukwatirana, amachotsa paketi ya umuna kuchokera kumutu wake woyamba wa chiberekero pa gawo 9, pafupi ndi mapeto a mimba yake, mpaka kumapeto kwa mimba yake, mpaka kumapeto kwa mimba 2-3, pafupi ndi pamimba pake. Amuna amamenya mkazi ndi mutu ndi claspers kumapeto kwa mimba yake; Mapangidwe a claspers amasiyana pakati pa mitundu, ndipo amathandizira kupewa kuthamanga kwa interspecific. Ntchentche ziwirizi zimakhala pamtunda ndi mbuzi kutsogolo, nthawi zambiri zimayambira pamtengo kapena tsinde. Mkaziyo amathyola mimba yake pansi ndikupita patsogolo pa thupi lake kukatenga umuna kuchokera kumaliseche yachiwiri a mwamuna, pamene mwamuna amagwiritsa ntchito "mchira" wake kuti amugwire mkazi kumutu: izi zimakhala "mtima" kapena "gudumu"; Awiriwo angathenso kutchulidwa kuti "ali msilikali". + +Mazira-oyala (ovipositing) sizimangothamanga zokhazokha pazitsamba zoyandama kapena m'madzi kuti ziike mazira pa gawo loyenerera, komanso mzimayi akukwera pamwamba pake kapena kumangomugwedeza ndi kuwuluka pamtunda. Amuna amayesetsa kupewa otsutsana ndi kuchotsa umuna wake ndikudziika okha, zomwe zimawoneka ndi kuchepetsa ubereketsedwe ndi kutsogozedwa ndi chisankho cha kugonana. Ngati apambana, mwamuna wotsutsana amagwiritsa ntchito mbolo yake kupondereza kapena kutulutsa umuna womwe umayikidwa kale; Ntchitoyi imatenga nthawi yochuluka yomwe zimapangika mtima. Kuthamanga kumtunda kuli ndi phindu lomwe limafunikira kuti mayi asathamangitsidwe ndipo zambiri zingatheke pa dzira-atagona, ndipo pamene mkazi amathira pansi kuti apereke mazira, amphongo amuthandize kuti amuchotse pamadzi. + +Mazira akugona amatenga mitundu iwiri yosiyana malingana ndi mitundu. Mkazi wina m'mabanja ena ali ndi makina okhwima omwe amatha kutsegula tsinde kapena tsamba la zomera pamtunda kapena pafupi ndi madzi, kotero amatha kukankhira mazira mkati mwake. M'mabanja ena monga zojambula (Gomphidae), oyendayenda (Macromiidae), emeralds (Corduliidae), ndi azimayi (Libellulidae), mkazi amaika mazira mwakumangirira pamwamba pa madzi mobwerezabwereza ndi mimba yake, pogwedeza mazira m'mimba mwake pamene akuuluka, kapena amaika mazira pazomera. Mu mitundu yochepa, mazira amaikidwa pamtunda pamwamba pa madzi, ndipo chitukuko chachedwa kufikira izi zitafota ndikukhala kumizidwa. + +Zolemba +Chivundikiro cha mtambo (chomwe chimadziŵika kuti cloudiness, cloudage, kapena cloud amount) chikutanthauza kachigawo kakang'ono ka mlengalenga kophimbidwa ndi mitambo pamene itayang'ana kuchokera ku malo enaake. Okta ndi chiwerengero cha chivundikiro cha mtambo. Chivundikiro cha mtambo chimagwirizanitsa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa ngati mitambo yaing'ono ndi yopanda dzuwa pamene madera a cloudiest ndi malo ochepetsera dzuwa. + +Mtambo wa padziko lapansi umakhala pafupi ndi 0,68 pamene ukufufuzira mitambo yokhala ndi mawindo opambana kuposa 0.1. Mtengo uwu ndi wotsika (0.56) pamene mukuganizira za mitambo yokhala ndi kuya kwakukulu kuposa 2, ndipamwamba powerenga mitambo yosaoneka yomwe imatha. + +Zolemba + + McIntosh, D. H. (1972) Meteorological Glossary, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Met. O. 842, A.P. 897, 319 p. + +Zogwirizana zakunja + NSDL.arm.gov, Glossary of Atmospheric Terms, From the National Science Digital Library's Atmospheric Visualization Collection. + Earthobersvatory.nasa.gov, Monthly maps of global cloud cover from NASA's Earth Observatory + International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), NASA's data products on their satellite observations + NASA composite satellite image. + +Mitambo +Chi-Chewa Wikipedia ndi kope la Wikipedia mu chinenelo cha Chichewa (Chinyanja). Tsambali limayendtsedwa ndi Wikimedia Foundation ndipo idayambika pa 9 May 2007. Lili ndi zifukwa zoposa monga lero. + +Wikipedia +Imfa yotsatira ya anthu odziwika inachitikira mu 2018. Mayina amanenedwa pansi pa tsiku la imfa, mu chilembo cha alfabheti ndi dzina lachibwana kapena pseudonym. +Zowonetsera malipoti olowera zochitika muzotsatira zotsatirazi: + + Dzina, zaka, dziko lokhala nzika pa kubadwa, mtundu wotsatira (ngati kuli kotheka), ndi phunziro liti limene linadziwika, chifukwa cha imfa (ngati ikudziwika), ndikutanthauzira. + +Novembala + +2 + +1 +Carlo Giuffrè, 89, Wochita maseŵera a ku Italy ndi woyang'anira dera. (The Railroad Man, The Girl with the Pistol, Poker in Bed) +, 97, Spanish jurist. +, 64, Mkulu wazakhalira ku Russia ndi woyang'anira TV.. +Edmund Zagorski, 63, Mphali waku America wakuphedwa, ataphedwa ndi mpando wamagetsi. +Paul Zimmerman, 86, Wolemba masewera a ku America (Masewera Owonetsedwa). + +Okotobala + +Miyezi yapitayi + + Imfa mu Januwale 2018 + Imfa mu Febuwale 2018 + Imfa mu Malichi 2018 + + Imfa mu Apulo 2018 + Imfa mu Meyi 2018 + Imfa mu Juni 2018 + + Imfa mu Julaye 2018 + Imfa mu Ogasiti 2018 + Imfa mu Seputembala 2018 + +Zolemba +Imfa ya 2018 +St. Raphaels Secondary School ndi Mishoni ya Chikatolika ya anyamata onse a sukulu ku Livingstone. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1967 pamene gulu la amishonale a Capuchin Friars, la Order lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi St. Francis wa Agassi ku Italy linakhazikitsa sukulu. + +Sukulu ya sekondale ya St. Raphael ili ku Southern Province wa Zambia, ku Livingstone City mumzinda wa Maramba. Mzinda wa Maramba uli pafupi makilomita 7.5 kupita kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Central Business District ya Livingstone. Sukuluyi ili kumpoto kwa Maramba m'tawuni yotchedwa Namatama ku Kaunda Road ndi Mgwirizanowu ndi Simatobolo Highway. + +Zolemba + +Maphunziro a maphunziro apangidwe 1967 +Maphunziro mu Livingstone +Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha (4 April 1958 - 27 Oktoba 2018) anali munthu wamalonda wa ku Thailand. Iye anabadwira ku Bangkok. Iye anali woyambitsa, mwiniwake ndi pulezidenti wa Free Power Power. Iye anali mwini wa Premier League football club Leicester City kuyambira 2010. + +Pa 27 Oktoba 2018, Srivaddhanaprabha anaphedwa mu helikopita yomwe inagwa kunja kwa King Power Stadium ku Leicester atangochoka. Anali ndi zaka 60. + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1958 +Imfa ya 2018 +Pa 27 Oktoba 2018, ndege ya AW169 ya AgustaWestland inagwa patangopita nthawi pang'ono kuchokera ku King Power Stadium, ku Leicester City ku Leicester, United Kingdom. + +Mwini kampani Vichai Srivaddhanaprabha anali m'bwato, komanso awiri ena okwera ndege ndi oyendetsa ndege awiri. Nthambi Yoyang'anira Zogwiritsa Ntchito Ngozi ya Ndege ikutsogolera kufufuza za ngoziyi. Izo zinatsimikiziridwa kuti anthu onse asanu anafa. + +Zolemba +Robyn Rihanna Fenty (wobadwa pa 20 February 1988) ndi woimba komanso wolemba nyimbo wa Barbadian. Anayamba ntchito yake mu 2003. Watulutsa ma studio asanu ndi atatu ndi ma DVD. Rihanna wapambana mphoto zambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo asanu Achimanga Music Awards, Billboard Music Awards khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, BRIT Awards awiri komanso asanu ndi awiri Grammy Awards. Iye wakhala ndi zolemba khumi ndi zinayi zowerengeka pa chati ya Billboard Hot 100. Mu 2012, magazini ya ku America Nthawi yotchedwa Rihanna ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Rihanna nayenso anali wolemekezeka kwambiri wachinayi mu 2012. Anapeza $ 53 miliyoni pakati pa May 2011 ndi May 2012, malinga ndi Forbes. Mu 2013, Rihanna adapatsidwa mphoto yoyamba ku America Music Awards. Album ya Rihanna Unapologetic (2012) inakhala album yake yoyamba nambala ku United States. Inagonjetsa Best Urban Contemporary Album pa 2014 Grammy Awards. Mu 2015, filimu yotchedwa Home inamasulidwa. Rihanna amalankhula mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka omwe ali mmenemo ndipo adalinso wamkulu wopanga filimuyo. + +Album yake yachisanu ndi chitatu, Anti, inatulutsidwa ku msonkhano wotumizira Tidal ndipo adalowa mu Billboard 200 ya chithunzi cha nambala 27. Iyo inali nthawi yochepa yoliwunikira yowonjezera ndi Samsung. Platinum ya ku U.S. inali masiku awiri okha atatulutsidwa. Sabata yamawa, atatha kutulutsidwa ku maiko ena, adafika nambala imodzi pa Billboard 200. Anti imakhala ndi nambala ya Billboard Hot 100, imodzi yokha "Ntchito" (yomwe ili ndi Drake) komanso "Top Needed". Iye adalembanso nyimbo, "Ichi ndi chomwe munadzera", ndi DJ Scott Calvin Harris. Idafika pamwamba khumi pamabuku padziko lonse lapansi. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Rihanna anabadwira ku Saint Michael, ku Barbados kupita ku Monica (wa ku Cuba) ndi Ronald Fenty (wa ku Ireland ndi West Indian). Ali ndi ana awiri aang'ono, Rorrey ndi Rajad Fenty. Anakulira ku Bridgetown. + +Moyo waumwini +Pa 8 February 2009, Rihanna anakhudzidwa ndi Chris Brown pomwe adatumiza uthenga kwa mtsikana. Rihanna anakwiya ndipo Brown anam'menya. LAPD inajambula chithunzi ku TMZ chomwe chinamuonetsa Rihanna ndi kudula ndi kuzunzika pamaso pake. Pa 22 June 2009, Brown adadziimba mlandu wolakwira. Adalamulidwa zaka zisanu ndikuyesedwa ndikukhala ndi mayina makumi asanu kuchokera ku Rihanna, pokhapokha atakhala pachithunzi, pomwe panali masentimita khumi. Mu February 2011, lamulo loletsa kusinthidwa linasinthidwa kuti alole oimba awiriwo kuti awonekere pamsonkhano akuwonetseratu palimodzi. + +Zolemba + +Rihanna +Obadwa mu 1988 +Anthu amoyo +Charlotte Elizabeth Vega (wobadwa pa February 10, 1994 ku Madrid) ndi wojambula ndi wachitsanzo wa ku Spain ndi ku Britain, yemwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi filimu ya 2014 ya The Misfits Club, yomwe ikutsogolera mufilimu ya 2017 ya Ireland The Lodgers. zochitika za pa TV mu 2015 - nyengo ya 3 ya mndandanda wa Velvet wa Chisipanishi ndi nyengo imodzi ya mgwirizano wa ku Spain ndi British omwe ndi a Refugees. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Wobadwa mu 1994 +United Kingdom wa Great Britain ndi Northern Ireland, wangoti United Kingdom kapena UK, ndi boma lolamulira ku Northern Europe. Ndi ufumu wadziko lapansi womwe uli ndi mayiko anayi: England, Wales, Scotland ndi Northern Ireland. Ndi membala wa European Union, United Nations, Commonwealth, NATO ndi G8. Ili ndi chuma chachisanu chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi. +Une Seule Nuit kapena Usiku umodzi mu chichewa (wotchedwa L'Hymne de la Victoire kapena Le Ditanyè) ndi nyimbo yachifumu ya dziko la Afrika ku Burkina Faso. Pamene dzikolo linadziimira pa Upper Volta mu 1960 pamene dziko linalandira ufulu wake, Hymne Nationale anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito Voltaïque Anthem. Mawu a nyimbo ya fuko adalembedwa ndi Thomas Sankara, yemwe adatsogolera kusintha kwa dzikoli. + +Kumasulira + + Kuchokera ku ukapolo wamanyazi Kugonjetsa zaka mazana ambiri ndi cholinga chofuna kusewera kutali. Kulimbana ndi choyipa chooneka ngati chonyoza Uchikatolika ndi othandizira ake. Ambiri anali ataimirira, ena ankatsutsa. Koma zokhumudwitsa, zopindula, thukuta, magazi inalimbikitsa anthu athu olimbika mtima ndi kuwalimbikitsa mu nkhondo yawo yamphamvu. + +Chorus + + Ndipo usiku umodzi palimodzi Nkhani ya anthu onse. Ndipo adaika ulemerero mu usiku umodzi mpaka kumapeto kwa chimwemwe. Usiku umodzi unabweretsa anthu athu pamodzi mitundu yonse padziko lapansi pakufuna ufulu ndi kupita patsogolo, Dziko lathu kapena imfa, tidzatha. + +Zogwirizana + Burkina Faso ulusal marşı + +Nyimbo zachi Africa +Chris Hemsworth (wobadwa pa August 11, 1983) ndi kanema wa ku Australia, wailesi yakanema, ndi woimba nyimbo. Amadziwika ndi udindo wake monga Thor mu Thor, Avengers, ndi Thor: World Dark. Hemsworth anabadwa pa August 11, 1983 ku Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Iye wakwatira Elsa Pataky kuyambira 2010. Ali ndi mwana wamkazi, Rose Hemsworth. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Anabadwa mu 1983 +Zuba ndi mndandanda wa masewero a pa TV ku Zambiya pa Dstv's Zambezi Magic njira yoyamba yotchedwa zenoan telenovela yomwe inayamba mu 2017. + +References + +2000s Zambian TV series +Matenda a nkhawa ali m’gulu la matenda a maganizo ndipo zizindikiro zaka n’zakuti munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi nkhawa yaikulu ndiponso mantha. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa amadera nkhawa kwambiri zinthu zimene zingachitike m’tsogolo komanso amaopa kwambiri zinthu zimene zikuchitika panopa. Vutoli lingachititse munthu kuti ayambe kukhala ndi mavuto enanso monga kuthamanga kwa mtima ndiponso kunjenjemera kwa thupi. Matenda a maganizo alipo magulu angapo, monga matenda a nkhawa, mantha oopa zinazake, nkhawa yolephera kuchita zinthu ndi anthu ena, nkhawa yochititsa munthu kumangodzipatula, kuopa zinthu zinazake, kupanikizika chifukwa cha mantha, komanso kuopa kulankhula pagulu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amasonyezanso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu amatha kukhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya matenda a maganizo. + +Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimayambitsa matenda a nkhawa, monga kuyamwira matendawa komanso chifukwa cha zochitika pamoyo wa munthu. Zina mwa zochitika pamoyo wa munthu zimene zingayambitse matendawa zingakhale kuchitiridwa nkhanza uli mwana, ngati achibale ena anadwalapo matenda a misala kapena nkhawa, ndiponso umphawi. Kawirikawiri munthu amene ali ndi matenda a nkhawa amakhalanso ndi matenda ena a maganizo, makamaka matenda monga kuvutika maganizo kwambiri, kukhala wokhumudwa, komanso kukhala ndi vuto logwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuti munthu apezeke ndi matendawa, pamafunika padutse miyezi yosachepera pa 6 kuchokera pa nthawi imene matendawo anayamba ndipo pa nthawiyi zizindikiro zake zimakhala zitayamba kuonekera bwino. Koma zizindikiro za matenda a nkhawa zimafanananso ndi zizindikiro za mavuto ena monga matenda a chithokomiro; matenda a mtima; khafini, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kapena kusuta chamba ndiponso zizindikiro zimene zimakhalapo munthu akasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake amene anazolowera. + +Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a nkhawa sangalandire thandizo, matendawo sangathe pawokha. Matendawa akhoza kuchepa kapena kutheratu ngati wodwala atalandira uphungu, ndiponso ngati atalandira thandizo lakuchipatala. Kawirikawiri uphungu umayendera limodzi ndi thandizo limene munthu angapatsidwe kuti asinthe khalidwe. Ena mwa mankhwala amene amathandiza pa vuto la matenda a nkhawa ndi ma antidepressants, benzodiazepines, kapena beta blockers. + +Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 12 pa 100 aliwonse amadwala matenda a nkhawa, ndipo anthu ena oyambira pa 5 mpaka 30 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amadwala matendawa pa nthawi inayake m’moyo wawo. Vutoli ndi lofala kuwirikiza kawiri pa akazi poyerekezera ndi amuna, ndipo ambiri amayamba kuvutika ndi matendawa asanakwanitse n’komwe zaka 25. Ambiri amasonyeza kuti ali ndi matendawa chifukwa chokhala ndi mantha onyanyira oopa zinthu zina ndipo anthu ake ndi ochuluka kufika pa 12 pa anthu 100 aliwonse, pamene anthu 10 pa 100 aliwonse amakhala ndi matenda a nkhawa owalepheretsa kuchita zinthu ndi anthu ena pa nthawi inayake m’moyo wawo. Ambiri amene amadwala matendawa ndi anthu a zaka zoyambira pa 15 mpaka 35 ndipo matendawa si ofala pakati pa anthu oyambira zaka 55. Zikuoneka kuti anthu ochuluka amene amadwala matendawa ndi a ku America komanso ku Ulaya. + +Zolemba + +External links + +Abnormal psychology + +Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders +Psychiatric diagnosis +RTT +RTTNEURO +Matenda a muubongo, omwe poyamba ankatchedwa matenda opanikizika maganizo, ali m’gulu la matenda a maganizo omwe amachititsa wodwala kuti nthawi zina azikhumudwa ndiponso nthawi zina azisangalala mopitirira muyezo. Kusangalala mopitirira muyezoko kumatchedwanso kuti mania kapena hypomania, malinga ndi kukula kwa chisangalalocho, ndipo zingakhale choncho munthuyo akusonyeza zizindikiro zoti matendawo afika poipa kwambiri kapena ayi. Matendawa akayamba kukula, munthuyo amayamba kumva kuti ali ndi zambiri kapena amaona kuti mphamvu zambiri mphamvu zambiri, akusangalala kwambiri kapenanso sakuchedwa kuipidwa ndi zilizonse. Pa nthawi imeneyi, kawirikawiri munthu amasankha zinthu mosaganiza bwino asanaganizire n’komwe zotsatirapo zake. Pa nthawi imeneyi kawirikawiri munthuyo sakhala ndi tulo. Ndipo matendawo akafika poti akumuvutitsa kwambiri moti akupanikizika maganizo, munthu amatha kuyamba kulira popanda chifukwa chodziwika, amangodandaula zilizonse, ndipo safuna kuphana maso ndi anthu ena. Ndipo anthu amene ali ndi matendawa amakhala pachiopsezo choti akhoza kudzipha ndipo anthu odzipha awonjezereka ndi 6 peresenti pa zaka 20 zapitazi, pomwe anthu amene amadzivulaza chiwerengero chawo chawonjezereka ndi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti. Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena monga matenda a nkhawa ndiponso angayambe kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. + +Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti n’chiyani chimene chimayambitsa matendawa, koma zikuoneka kuti munthu amadwala matendawa chifukwa cha zochitika pamoyo wake komanso ngati wachita kuyamwira kuchokera kumtundu wake. Zikuoneka kuti munthu angadwale matendawa mosavuta ngati achibale ake ena anadwalapo. Zochitika pa moyo wa munthu zikuphatikizapo kuchitiridwa nkhanza munthu ali mwana komanso kupanikizika kupanikizika maganizo. Ndipo 85 peresenti ya anthu omwe amadwala matendawa amachita kuyamwira. Matendawa amaikidwa m’magulu awiri, ndipo gulu loyamba limatchedwa matenda a muubongo ongoyamba kumene pamene gulu lachiwiri limatchedwa matenda a muubongo aakulu ngati matendawo afika poipa kwambiri moti wodwala akupanikizika maganizo ndiponso kusowa mtendere. Koma ngati munthu wakhala akudwala matendawa kwa nthawi yaitali ndithu koma sakumusowetsa mtendere kwambiri, ndiye kuti matendawo angatchedwe ndi dzina lakuti cyclothymic disorder. Koma ngati munthu wayamba vutoli chifukwa chakumwa mankhwala enaake akuchipatala kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndiye kuti matendawo angaikidwenso m’gulu lina. Mavuto enanso amene amabwera chifukwa cha matendawa ndi monga kukhala ndi mtima wofuna kuchita zinthu zoti ena atione, kusinthasintha khalidwe, kupanikizika maganizo ndiponso kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mavuto ena. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli sangafunike kukayezetsa kuchipatala kuti atsimikizire ngati ali ndi matendawa kapena ayi, komabe, akhoza kuyezetsa magazi kapena kuyezetsa zinthu zina m'thupi kuti aone ngati matendawo sanayambitsenso mavuto ena. + +Matendawa akhoza kutheratu ngati munthu atapatsidwa thandizo loyenerera monga psychotherapy komanso mankhwala a mood stabilizers ndiponso antipsychotics. Chitsanzo cha mankhwalawa ndi lithium ndiponso mankhwala ena otchedwa anticonvulsants. Ngati matendawa afika poipa kwambiri, munthu akhoza kupatsidwa thandizo la mankhwala kapenakugonekedwa m’chipatala ngakhale kuti wodwalayo sakugwirizana nazo. Matenda a muubongowa akalekereredwa, wodwalayo amasinthasintha kwambiri khalidwe, sachedwa kukwiya, ndiponso amakonda kukangana ndi anthu; munthu wotereyu angathandizidwe pomupatsa mankhwala benzodiazepines. Ngati matendawa akukula, sibwino kumupatsa munthuyo mankhwala a m’gulu la ma antidepressants. Koma ngati mankhwalawa agwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene munthuyo akusinthasintha khalidwe, wodwalayo angafunike kumupatsanso mankhwala omuthandiza kuti akhuzumuke. Njira ya Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), ngakhale kuti siyofala kwambiri, ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kwa odwala ena omwe sakuchira ndi njira zina zochiritsira. Ndipo ngati pakufunika kuti wodwalayo asapitirize kulandira thandizo linalake, ndi bwino kusiya kumupatsa thandizo lachipatalalo mwa pang’onopang’ono. Ndipo anthu amene amadwala matendawa amavutikanso ndi mavuto a zachuma komanso mavuto ena okhudza kukhala bwino ndi anthu ena. Ndipo pa avereji, pafupifupi anthu 25 pa 100 aliwonse amene amadwala matendawa amakumana ndi mavuto amenewa. Komanso anthu omwe amadwala matenda a muubongo ali pa chiopsezo kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekezera ndi anthu ena choti akhoza kumwalira ndi matenda ena monga matenda a mtima; izi zili choncho chifukwa cha mavuto ena amene amabwera m’thupi mwawo chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala olimbana ndi matenda a muubongo. + +Padziko lonse lapansi, munthu m’modzi pa anthu 100 aliwonse ali ndi matenda a muubongo. Ku United States kokha, pafupifupi anthu atatu pa 100 aliwonse amadwala kapena anadwalapo matendawa pa nthawi inayake pamoyo wawo; ndipo chiwerengero cha odwala pakati pa amuna ndi akazi n’chofanana. Koma anthu ambiri amayamba kudwala matendawa akakwanitsa zaka 25. Mu 1991, zikuoneka kuti ndalama zokwana madola 45 biliyoni zinagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuwonongeka chifukwa cha matendawa m’dziko la United States lokha. Gawo lalikulu ndithu ndi ndalamazi zinawonongeka chifukwa anthu ochuluka zedi omwe ankadwala matendawa sankapita kuntchito kwa masiku osachepera 50 munthu aliyense pa chaka. Kawirikawiri anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakumananso ndi mavuto ena chifukwa choti amasalidwa. + +See also + Cyclothymia + Tristimania: A Diary of Manic Depression + +Notes + +References + +Further reading + +External links + + + Bipolar Disorder overview from the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health website + NICE Bipolar Disorder clinical guidelines from the U.K. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence website + International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on current knowledge in pediatric bipolar disorder and future directions + + +Mood disorders +Psychiatric diagnosis +Depression (psychology) +RTT +RTTNEURO +Matenda a nkhawa (MDD), omwenso amadziwika kuti nkhawa, ndi matenda a maganizo ndipo wodwala amatha kupanikizika ndi matendawa kwa milungu yosachepera iwiri wosasangalala malinga ndi zimene zam'chitikira pa nthawiyo. Munthu akayamba kudwala matendawa, kawirikawiri amayambanso kudzikayikira, kukhala wosasangalala pa zochitika zoyenera kusangalala, amafooka, ndiponso amamva ululu popanda chifukwa chomveka. Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zina amaona amakhulupirira zinthu zomwe si zoona kapenanso amaona kapena kumva zinthu zimene kulibe. Anthu ena amavutika kwambiri ndi pa nthawi zinazake pa nthawi zinazake pachaka, pomwe amavutika ndi matendawa nthawi zonse. Matenda a nkhawa angasokoneze kwambiri moyo wa munthu, ntchito yake, maphunziro ake, kumusowetsa tulo ngakhalenso kumulepheretsa kudya ndi kusokonezanso thanzi lake. Anthu akuluakulu oyambira pa awiri kufika 8 pa Anthu 1000 aliwonse omwe li ndi matenda a nkhawa amafa mochita kudzipha, ndipo hafu ya anthu onse omwe amadzipha amakhala kuti anali ndi matenda a nkhawa kapena matenda ena a maganizo.} + +Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimayambitsa matenda a nkhawa, monga kuyamwira matendawa komanso chifukwa cha zochitika pamoyo wa munthu. Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zakumtundu, kusintha kwambiri kwa zinthu pamoyo, mankhwala ena akuchipatala, matenda ena akuluakulu, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zikuoneka kuti anthu 40 pa 100 aliwonse amene amadwala matendawa amachita kuyamwira kuchokera ku mtundu wawo. Madokotala amatha kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a nkhawa malinga ndi zimene munthuyo wakhala akuchita ndiponso mmene kaganizidwe ka munthuyo kalili. Palibe njira ya ku labu imene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyeza kuti madokotala adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a nkhawa. Komabe, madokotala amatha kumuyeza munthu kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda ena omwe zizindikiro zake n'zofanana ndi matenda a ankhawa. Munthu yemwe akudwala matenda a nkhawa amamva ululu woopsa ndipo izi zimachitika kwa nthawi yaitali kuposa kungokhumudwa, komwe kumachitika pamoyo wa munthu aliyense. Bungwe la United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu amene akwanitsa zaka 12 zakubadwa azikayezetsa kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda a nkhawa, pomwe kafukufuku waCochrane amapeza kuti mafunso amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kuti adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi vutoli sapereka n'komwe njira zimene zingathandize munthuyo. + +Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa angathandizidwe ndithu ngati thandizo la uphungu ndiponso mankhwala a antidepressant. Zikuoneka kuti mankhwala akuchipatala amathandiza ndithu, koma makamaka ngati matendawo akula kwambiri. Sizikudziwika ngati mankhwala akuchipatala amawonjezeranso chiopsezo choti munthu angathe kudzipha. Uphungu umene munthu angapatsidwe ungaphatikizepo wothandiza munthu kusintha khalidwe ndiponso wothandiza munthu kuti azichita zinthu ndi anthu ena. Ngati njira zimenezi sizikuthandiza, mungayese njira ya electroconvulsive therapy ndipo imeneyi ingathe kuthandiza. Munthu yemwe akudwala matendawa angathenso kugonekedwa m'chipatala ngati zikuoneka kuti akhoza kudzipha ndipo angagonekedwe m'chipatalamo ngakhale kuti mwiniwakeyo sakugwirizana nazo. + +M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu pafupifupi 216 miliyoni (atatu pa anthu 100 aliwonse padziko lonse) anadwala matenda a nkhawa. M'dziko la Japan lokha, chiwerengero cha anthu amene amadwala matendawa pa nthawi inayake m'moyo wawo ndi 7 pa 100 aliwonse, pomwe ku France ndi 21 pa 100 aliwonse. Anthu omwe amavutika matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse m'mayiko olemera ndi ochuluka ndi 15 pa 100 aliwonse poyerekezera ndi anthu a m'mayiko osiyana omwe ndi 11 pa 100 aliwonse. Vutoli ndi lachiwiri pa matenda amene anthu amangokhala nawo kwa moyo wawo wonse, ndipo amatenda omwe ali pamalo oyamba ndi matenda a msana. Anthu ambiri amadwala amatenda a nkhawa akafika zaka za m'ma 20 ndi 30. Ndipo akazi ndi amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa poyerekezera ndi amuna. Bungwe la American Psychiatric Association linaika "matenda ovutika kwambiri maganizo" pagulu la matenda lotchedwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) mu 1980. Gulu la matendali linagawidwa n'kupanga gulu lina lamatenda a muubongo kuchoka m'gulu lomwe lija la DSM-II, lomwe mulinso matenda a dysthymia ndiponso matenda a nkhawa omwe amayamba chifukwa chosamukira kudera lina ndiponso kukhumudwa. Anthu omwe akupezeka ndi matendawa panopa komanso omwe anapezeka nawo kale akhoza kumasalidwa. + +References + +Cited works + +External links + + + +Bipolar spectrum +Mood disorders +Depression (psychology) +Psychiatric diagnosis +RTT +History of mental health +RTTNEURO +Matenda a muubongo ochititsa munthu kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza [Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)] ali m’gulu la matenda a maganizo amene amachititsa munthu kuchita zinthu zinazake mobwerezabwereza (kukhala ndi "khalidwe"), kapena munthuyo amakhala ndi maganizo enaake mobwerezabwereza ("chizolowezi"). Kwa nthawi yaitali ndithu, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amalephera kulamulira maganizo ndiponso zochita zawo. Ambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakonda kusamba m’manja, kuwerenga zinthu, ndiponso kufufuza mobwerezabwereza kuti aone ngati chitseko chakhomedwa ndi loko. Ena amakhala ndi vuto lotaya zinthu. Anthu osiyanasiyana amachita zinthuzi pa mlingo wosiyanasiyananso, ndipo moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa anthuwo umasokonezeka. Nthawi yomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli amawononga akuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza ingakhale yambiri ndithu mpaka kuposa ola limodzi patsiku. Anthu akuluakulu ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amazindikira ndithu kuti khalidwe lawo lochita zinthu mobwerezabwereza ndi lachilendo. Anthu amene ali matendawa nthawi zina angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena monga kusuntha kapena kunjenjemera mosalamulirika kwa mbali zina za thupi lawo, kuda nkhawa kwambiri, ndiponso kukhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chofuna kudzipha. + +Chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichikudziwika. Koma zikuoneka kuti munthu angathe kuyamwira matendawa kuchokera kumtundu makamaka ngati ali mapasa ofanana koma mapasa omwe si ofanana sakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu choti angathe kuyamwira matendawa. Zina mwa zochitika pamoyo wa munthu zimene zingayambitse matendawa zingakhale kuchitiridwa nkhanza uli mwana, kapenanso kukumana ndi zoopsa pamoyo. Zikuonekanso kuti anthu ena amayamba kudwala matenda a OCD pambuyo poti anadwala matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Madokotala amatha kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi matenda a OCD akaona zizindikiro zimene munthuyo akusonyeza zomwe ndi zosiyana ndi zamatenda ena kapena za zotsatirapo za mankhwala amene munthu akumwa. Masikelo oyezera zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ya Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kudziwa kukula kwa matendawa. Matenda ena amene zizindikiro zake zingafanane ndi za OCD ndi matenda a nkhawa, matenda ovutika maganizo, matenda ovutika kudya, matenda ochititsa ziwala zina za thupi kusuntha kapena kunjenjemera mosalamulirika, ndiponso matenda ochititsa munthu kumasinthasintha khalidwe. + +Thandizo lomwe lingathandize munthu wodwala OCD ndi monga uphungu, monga wothandiza munthu kusintha khalidwe (CBT), ndiponso nthawi zina mankhwala a antidepressants monga selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) kapenanso clomipramine. Wodwala amapatsidwa uphungu woti aziona kapena kukhala pafupi ndi zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti OCD iyambe koma asamachite chilichonse. Ngakhale kuti zikuoneka kuti mankhwala amathandiza kuti matendawa achepe, zikuonekanso kuti mankhwalawo amayambitsa mavuto ena aakulu, choncho wodwala angapatsidwe mankhwala pokhapokha ngati uphungu sukuthandiza. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a Atypical antipsychotics angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwonjezera pa mankhwala a SSRI ngati wodwalayo akuoneka kuti akuvutika kwambiri, ngakhale kuti wodwalayo angakumanenso ndi mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha mankhwalawo. Ngati munthu sangalandire thandizo, akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka zambiri. + +Padziko lonse, 2.3 peresenti ya anthu amadwala kapena anadwalapo matenda a OCD pa nthawi inayake pa moyo wawo. Ndipo anthu odwala matendawa chaka chilichonse ndi 1.2 peresenti. Sizichitika kawirikawiri kuti munthu amene wayamba kudwala matendawa atafika zaka 35 azisonyeza zizindikiro zake; hafu ya odwala amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro asanakwanitse zaka 20. Matendawa amagwira amuna ndi akazi mofanana. M’zilankhulo zina, nthawi zina mawu akuti kuchita zinthu mobwerezabwereza angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofotokoza zinthu zina zosakhudzana ndi matenda a OCD; mwina ponena za munthu yemwe amakonda kuchita zinthu zinazake, mosamala kwambiri mosafuna kulakwitsa, ndi mtima wonse, komanso mosalola kudodometsedwa. + +References + +External links + +National Institute Of Mental Health +American Psychiatric Association +APA Division 12 treatment page for obsessive-compulsive disorder + + +Habit and impulse disorders +Magical thinking +Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders +Ritual +Psychiatric diagnosis +RTT +Anxiety +RTTNEURO +Matenda a nkhawa amene amayamba chifukwa choti munthu wakumana ndi nkhanza kapena mavuto ena {Posttraumatic stress disorder} (PTSD) ali m’gulu la matenda a muubongo ndipo ambiri amayamba matendawa chifukwa chokumana ndi zinthu zoopsa monga kugwiriridwa, nkhondo, ngozi za pamsewu, kapena zinthu zina zoopsa. Zina mwa zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kuvutika malingaliro, maganizo, kusasangalala, kapenanso maloto oopsa ogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikazo, kusinthasintha makhalidwe kuvutika maganizo mpaka mantha aakulu ukakumbukira zimene zinachitikazo, kusinthasintha maganizo ndiponso mmene ukumvera mumtima, kusachedwa kupsa mtima kapena kukhala ndi mantha. Munthu amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro zimenezi kwa nthawi yopitirira pa mwezi umodzi zoopsa zimene anakumana nazozo zitachitika. Kawirikawiri ana sasonyeza zizindikiro zoti akuvutika ndi zimene zinawachitikirazo, koma amatha kuchita masewera oyerekezera zoopsa zimene zinawachitikirazo. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la PTSD amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu choti akhoza kudzipha kapena kudzivulaza mwadala. + +Anthu ambiri amene amakumana ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri pamoyo wawo sadwala matenda a PTSD. Koma anthu omwe anakumana ndi zoopsazo kuchokera kwa anthu anzawo (monga kugwiriridwa kapena kuchitiridwa nkhanza uli mwana) nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a PTSD, poyerekezera ndi anthu amene zoopsa osati zochitidwa ndi anthu anzawo monga ngozi kapena masoka achilengedwe. Pafupifupi hafu ya anthu amene amagwiriridwa amadzayamba kudwala matenda a PTSD. Koma sikawirikawiri kuti ana omwe sanafike zaka 10 adwale matendawa ngakhale atagwiriridwa. Munthu amadziwika kuti ali ndi matendawa ngati akusonyeza zizindikiro zake pambuyo poti zinthu zoopsa zamuchitikira. + +N’zotheka kupewa matenda a PTSD ngati anthu omwe zoopsa zawachitikira ayamba kulandira uphungu mwachangu pambuyo poti zoopsazo zawachitikira, kaya ayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa kapena ayi. Ndipotu uphungu ndi njira yaikulu imene imathandiza kwambiri anthu amene ali ndi vuto la PTSD. Munthu yemwe ali ndi vutoli angathandizidwe ndi njira zingapo. Njira imodzi ndi kukonza zoti munthuyo azilandira uphungu payekha kapena pagulu. Mankhwala a Antidepressants a mtundu wa selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ali m’gulu la mankhwala oyambirira amene munthu wa PTSD angapatsidwe ndipo kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti hafu ya anthu amene amapatsidwa mankhwalawa vuto lawoli limachepa. Komabe kulandira uphungu kumathandiza kwambiri kuposa mmene mankhwalawa amathandizira. Ndipo sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti kumwa mankhwalawa pa nthawi yomweyomweyo n'kulandira uphungu kungathandize kwambiri kuposa kutsatira njira imodzi. Palibe umboni wokwanira wosonyeza kuti mitundu ina ya mankhwala ingathandize, ndipo mankhwala ena monga benzodiazepines, akhoza kungowonjezera vuto. + +Ku United States kokha, pafupifupi 3.5 peresenti ya anthu akuluakulu amavutika ndi PTSD chaka chilichonse, ndipo 9 peresenti ya anthu onse m’dzikoli ali ndi matendawa kapena anadwalapo matendawa pa nthawi inayake pamoyo wawo. Koma padziko lonse, pafupifupi munthu m’modzi pa anthu 100 aliwonse akudwala matenda a PTSD kapena anadwalapo matendawa. Ambiri mwa anthu amene amavutika ndi matendawa ndi a m’madera amene mukuchitika nkhondo. Ndipo akazi ambiri amadwala matendawa poyerekezera ndi amuna. Zizindikiro za matendawa zakhala zikudziwika bwino kuyambira kale kwambiri m’nthawi imene Agiriki ankalamulira dziko lonse lapansi. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo zikuluzikulu za padziko lonse anthu ankatchula matendawa ndi mayina ena, monga akuti "kuopa bomba" ndiponso "kuopa nkhondo". Koma dzina lachingelezi lakuti "posttraumatic stress disorder" (PTSD) linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m’zaka za m’ma 1970 chifukwa choti madokotala anayamba kuona zizindikiro zofanana mwa asilikali a dziko la America amene anakamenya nkhondo ku Vietnam. Pofika mu 1980, bungwe la madokotala a matenda okhudzana ndi ubongo lotchedwa American Psychiatric Association linanena zoti amenewa ndi matenda ndithu a m’gulu la matenda a maganizo ndipo analembedwa m’buku la matenda a m’gululi lotchedwa Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). + +See also + Posttraumatic growth + +Notes + +References + +External links + + + Post traumatic stress disorder information from The National Child Traumatic Stress Network + Information resources from The University of Queensland School of Medicine + APA practice parameters for assessment and treatment for PTSD (Updated 2017) + Resources for professionals from the VA National PTSD Center + + +Abnormal psychology +Aftermath of war +Homelessness +Military medicine +Military personnel +Military psychiatry +Military sociology +Military veterans' affairs +Psychiatric diagnosis +RTT +Trauma and stressor related disorders +RTTNEURO +Kudwala ndi maganizo kuli m'gulu la matenda a maganizo ndipo munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amayamba kusonyeza khalidwe lachilendo ndiponso amavutika kuti aone zinthu m’njira yoyenerera. Zizindikiro zofala za matendawa ndi monga kukhulupirira zinthu zabodza, kumva zinthu zimene anthu ena sakuzimva, kusakonda kuchita zinthu ndi anthu ena,kusasonyeza munthu akusangalala kapena sakusangalala ndiponso kusakhala ndiponso kusakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kuchita zinthu zina. Anthu amene amadwala ndi maganizo kawirikawiri amakhalanso ndi matenda ena okhudzana ndi maganizo monga nkhawa, kuvutika maganizo, kapenanso chizolowezi chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimayamba kuonekera mwa pang’onopang’ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu amayamba kudwala matendawa ali wachinyamata mpaka amakula nawo. + +Zina mwa zinthu zimene zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zochitika pamoyo ndiponso zoyamwira. Zochitika pamoyo wa munthu monga kukulira mumzinda, kusuta chamba uli mwana, matenda ena, msinkhu wa makolo komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m’thupi pa nthawi imene mayi ali woyembekezera. Ngati vutoli lili loyamwira kuchokera kumtundu umene munthu wabadwira, zizindikiro zake zingaonekerenso mwa anthu ena a kumtunduwo. Kuona zochita za munthu, zimene wakumana nazo pamoyo wake, ndiponso malipoti a ena omwe akumudziwa bwino munthuyo. Muyenera kuganiziranso chikhalidwe cha munthuyo ngati vutoli lili la kumtundu. Pofika m'chaka cha 2013 azachipatala anali asanapeze njira yodalirika yoyezera matendawa. Kudwala maganizo sikutanthauza "kusintha khalidwe mwadzidzidzi" ayi kapena kusakonda kuchita zinthu ndi anthu, khalidwe lomwe kawirikawiri anthu ochuluka salimvetsa bwino. + +Mankhwala odalirika kwambiri a matendawa ndi antipsychotic, pamodzi ndi kulandira uphungungu, kuphunzira ntchito komanso kukhala ndi ndondomeko yothandiza kuthana ndi vutoli. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino ngati mtundu woyambirira wa mankhwala a oyambirira kapena mtundu mtundu wachiwiri ndiwo umathandiza kwambiri. Kwa anthu amene zikuonekeratu kuti mankhwala a antipsychotics sakuthandiza, angayese mankhwala a clozapine. Munthu yemwe akuoneka kuti akudwala kwambiri matendawa angathe kugonekedwa m'chipatala ngakhale kuti mwiniwakeyo sakugwirizana nazo, ngati zikuoneka kuti vutoli lakula kwambiri, ndipo masiku ano anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli sakumakhalitsa m’chipatala komanso sakumagonekedwamo kawirikawiri. + +Pafupifupi 0.3 mpaka 0.7 peresenti ya anthu onse amadwala kapena anadwalapo matenda a maganizo pa nthawi inayake m'moyo wawo. M'chaka cha 2013, padziko lonse pansi anthu pafupifupi 23.6 miliyoni amadwala matendawa. Amuna ndi amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa poyerekezera ndi akazi, ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amakula ndithu. Ndipo pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe amadawala matendawa amachira bwinobwino, ndipo pafupifupi hafu ya odwala onse, amavutika ndi matendawa kwa moyo wawo wonse. Mavuto ofala amene odwala amakumana nawo amatha kukhala a nthawi yaitali ndithu, monga kusakhala pa ntchito, umphawi ndiponso kukhala opanda nyumba. Pa avereji, anthu odwala matendawa moyo wawo umafukikirapo ndi zaka 10 mpaka 25 poyerekezera ndi anthu omwe sakudwala matendawa. Izi zili chonchi chifukwa ambiri amatha kudwala matenda enanso kuwonjezera pa matenda a maganizo komanso anthu ambiri amadzipha (pafupifupi 5 peresenti). M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu pafupifupi 17,000 anafa padziko lonse chifukwa cha zochitika zokhudzana ndi kudwala matenda a maganizo. + +Umboni +Khalidwe logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, lomwenso limadziwika kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo, ndi chizolowezi chomwe munthu amakonda kumwa kapena kulowetsa m'thupi mankhwala ochuluka kwambiri omwe angathe kuwononga moyo wa munthuyo ndipo munthu wotere ndiye kuti ali ndi vuto logwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso ogwira ntchito zamalamulo ndi zachitetezo amaperekanso matanthauzo osiyanasiyananso a mawu oti kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nthawi zina munthu akagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kusonyeza khalidwe lachilendo ngakhalenso kuyamba kuchita zachiwawa ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi, khalidwe la munthuyo lingathe kusinthiratu n'kukhala loipa kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa mavuto okhudza khalidwe ndiponso umoyo, munthu yemwe akugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo angathenso kuimbidwa mlandu ndi boma, malinga ndi malamulo a m'dera limene munthuyo akukhala. + +Mankhwala ndiponso zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosayenera pofuna kusangalala ndi monga: zoledzeretsa, chamba, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, kokeni, methaqualone, opioids ndiponso mankhwala a substituted amphetamines. Akatswiri sakudziwa bwinobwino chimene chimachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Koma amaganizira zinthu ziwiri izi: kutsanzira ena, kapena kukhala ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika chofuna mankhwalawo chomwe chimachititsa munthuyo kumangodalira mankhwalawo. + +Mu 2010 anthu 5 pa 100 alionse padziko lonse (230 miliyoni) ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pa anthu amenewa, anthu 27 miliyoni anali oti sangathe kukhala opanga kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo moti ali ndi mavuto ena okhudza umoyo, maganizo ndiponso mavuto ena. M'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu 307,400 anafa ndipo mu 1990, anthu 165,000 anafa chifukwa cha mavuto amene anayamba chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwa anthu amenewa, anthu ochuluka zedi anafa chifukwa cha mavuto okhudzana ndi mowas ndipo anthuwo anakwana 137,500, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a opioid kunachititsa kuti anthu 122,100 afe, kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a amphetamine kunachititsa kuti anthu 12,200 afe, ndipokugwiritsira ntchito kokeni kunachititsa kuti anthu 11,100 afe. + +References + +Substance abuse +Kudzipha ndi chinthu chimene munthu amachita pochotsa moyo wake mwadala n'cholinga choti afe. Kuvutika maganizo, matenda ovutika maganizo, matenda a maganizo, matenda okhudza makhalidwe, ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo – kuphatikizapo kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndiponso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala abenzodiazepine, ndi zina mwa zinthu zimene zimachititsa kuti munthu adziphe. Anthu ena amadzipha ngati njira yachidule yothawira mavuto monga azachuma, mavuto obwera chifukwa chosagwirizana maubale, kapenanso kuvutitsidwa ndi anthu ena. Anthu amene achitapo zinthu zosonyeza kuti ankafuna kudzipha ndi amene ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu choti angathe kudzipha nthawi ina m'tsogolomu. Pali njira zambiri zothandiza munthu kuti asadziphe ndipo zina mwa njirazi ndi kuchita zinthu zoti munthu yemwe angadzipheyo asapeze zinthu monga mfuti, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiponso poizoni. Njira zinanso ndi kupereka thandizo la chipatala kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; kuthandiza munthuyo kuti amve uthenga kudziwitsa anthu ena ngati munthu wina akufuna kudzipha, ndiponso kuchita zinthu zothandiza kuti zachuma ziyambe kuyenda bwino pa moyo. Ngakhale kuti pali malo oimbira foni ulere ambiri, umboni ukusonyeza kuti malowa sakuthandiza kwenikweni. + +Njira zofala kwambiri zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito podziphera zimasiyanasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyananso. Zina mwa njira zodziphera zimene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito kawirikawiri ndi monga kudzimangirira, kumwa poizoni, ndiponso kudziwombera ndi mfuti. Padziko lonse, m'chaka cha 2015 chokha, anthu 828,000 anadzipha, ndipo chiwerengerochi ndi chokwera kwambiri tikayerekezera ndi anthu 712,000 omwe anadzipha mu 1990. Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti pa zinthu zimene zikuchititsa imfa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kudzipha kuli pa nambala 10. + +Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 0.5-1.4% amadzipha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti anthu 12 pa 100,000 amadzipha chaka chilichonse. Anthu atatu pa anthu anayi alionse amene amadzipha padziko lonse amakhala a kapena ochokera m’mayiko osauka. Ndipo kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti azibambo ambiri amadzipha poyerekezera ndi azimayi, ndipo chiwerengero cha azibambo odziphawo n’chokwera ndi 1.5 m’mayiko osauka, koma m’mayiko olemera, chiwerengerochi chimafika pa 3.5. M’madera ambiri, anthu omwe apitirira zaka 70 ndi amene amakonda kudzipha. Koma m’madera ena, anthu a zaka zoyambira pa 15 mpaka 30 ndi omwe amadzipha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2015 anthu ochuluka kwambiri amene anadzipha anali a ku Ulaya. Ndipo zikuoneka kuti chaka chilichonse, anthu oyambira pa 10 miliyoni mpaka 20 miliyoni amachita zinthu zofuna kudzipha. Anthu omwe anayesera kudzipha koma sanafe nthawi zambiri amavulala ngakhalenso kulumala kumene. M’mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi ku America, anthu ochuluka zedi amene amadzipha kapena kuchita zinthu zofuna kudzipha amakhala achinyamata ndiponso akazi. + +Anthu amadzipha pazifukwa zosiyanasiyanamonga zokhudza chipembedzo, kufuna ulemu, kapenanso kukhala ndi moyo wopanda tanthauzo. Chipembedzo cha Abulahamu chimaona kuti kudzipha ndi lochimwira Mulungu, ndipo anthu a m’chipembedzochi amakhulupirira zimenezi chifukwa amaona kuti moyo ndi wopatulika. M'nthawi ya chisamurai ku Japan, mwambo wodzipha wotchedwa seppuku (harakiri) unkaonedwa kuti ndi wovomerezeka chikwa anthu ankakhulupirira kuti ndi njira yokonzera zimene munthu walakwitsa kapenanso kuti njira yochitira zionetsero zosonyeza kusakondwa ndi zinazake. Mwambo winanso wotchedwa Sati, womwe unathetsedwa ndi a British Raj, unkachitika m’njira yakuti namfedwa wamkazi wa ku Indiya ankafunika kudzipha podziponya pamoto wa maliro a mwamuna wake. Mkaziyo ankafunika kuchita zimenezi kaya mwakufuna kwake kapena mochita kukakamizidwa ndi achibale ake ngakhalenso anthu ena. M’mbuyomu, mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya ndi ku America anali ndi lamulo loletsa kudzipha komanso kuchita zinthu zofuna kudzipha, koma masiku ano, lamulo limeneli linathetsedwa m’mayikowo. Komabe, mayiko ambiri ngakhalenso kuchita zinthu zosonyeza kuti munthu akufuna kudzipha. M’zaka za m’ma 1900 komanso m’ma 2000, anthu ena akhala akudzipha mwa apo ndi apo ngati njira yochitira ziwonetsero zosonyeza kusakondwa ndi zinazake ndipo njira yodzipherayi imatchedwa kamikazekomanso zigawenga zakhala zikudzipha pophulitsa mabomba a timkenawo komanso pofuna kupha anthu ena. + +References + +Further reading + +External links + + +Causes of death +RTT(full) +RTTNEURO +Kugonana (kapena coitus kapena copulation) makamaka kuika ndi kukankhira kwa mbolo, nthawi zambiri pamene imakhazikika, kulowa mukazi chifukwa chogonana, kubereka, kapena onse. Izi zimatchedwanso kuti kugonana kapena kugonana. Mitundu ina ya kugonana mwachangu ndi monga kugonana kwa abambo (kugonana kwa anus ndi mbolo), kugonana kwa m'kamwa (kulowa m'kamwa ndi mbolo kapena kulowetsa m'mimba mwazikazi), kulowetsa kugwiritsira ntchito dildo (makamaka kampanda-pa dildo). Ntchito izi zimaphatikizapo kugwirizana pakati pa anthu awiri kapena kuposerapo ndipo kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakati pa anthu kokha pofuna kukondweretsa thupi kapena kukondweretsa komanso kumathandiza kuti anthu akhale ogwirizana. + +Pali malingaliro osiyana pa zomwe zimachitika kugonana kapena zochitika zina zogonana, zomwe zingakhudze maganizo okhudzana ndi kugonana. Ngakhale kugonana, makamaka coitus, kumatanthawuza kuti penile-m'mimba kulowa mkati ndi kuthekera kulenga ana, amakhalanso kutanthauza kugonana mwakachetechete ndi kugonana penile-anal, makamaka wotsirizira. Nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kugonana, pamene kugonana kosalowerera kumatchulidwa kuti "kugonana", koma kugonana kosalowerera kungatengenso kugonana. Kugonana, kawirikawiri kukhala wamfupi chifukwa cha kugonana, kungatanthawuze mtundu uliwonse wa kugonana. Chifukwa chakuti anthu akhoza kukhala pa chiopsezo chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana panthawiyi, machitidwe ogonana otetezeka amalangizidwa, ngakhale kuti chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV chimachepetsa kwambiri pa nthawi yogonana. + +Malamulo osiyanasiyana adayika malamulo oletsa kugonana, monga chiwerewere, kugonana ndi ana, uhule, kugwiriridwa, zoophilia, sodomy, kugonana asanakwatirane komanso kugonana kosakwatirana. Zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo zimathandizanso pazinthu zaumwini zokhudzana kugonana kapena zochitika zina zogonana, monga zisankho zokhudzana ndi unamwali, kapena nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi boma. Malingaliro achipembedzo pa kugonana amasiyana kwambiri pakati pa zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana ndi zipembedzo za chipembedzo chomwecho, ngakhale pali mitu yamba, monga kuletsa chigololo. + +Mchitidwe wogonana pakati pa anthu osakhala ndi anthu nthawi zambiri umatchedwa copulation, ndipo umuna ukhoza kufotokozedwa mu chiberekero cha abambo m'njira zosakhala zachikazi pakati pa zinyama, monga kugwirana kwa cloacal. Kwa nyama zambiri zomwe sizinthu za anthu, kusamalana ndi kuperekera kumachitika pamtunda wa esturo (nthawi yowonjezereka kwambiri yobereka), zomwe zimapangitsa mpata wokhala ndi ubwino wopatsirana. Komabe, bonobos, dolphins ndi chimpanzi amadziwika kuti amachita zogonana mosasamala kanthu kuti kaya mkazi kapena ayi ali mu estrus, ndikuchita nawo zogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mofanana ndi anthu omwe amachita chiwerewere makamaka pa zosangalatsa, khalidwe ili muzinthu zatchulidwa kale limanenedwa kukhala lachisangalalo, ndipo zimathandizira kulimbitsa mgwirizano wawo. + +Zolemba + +Chiberekero +Ubale wapamtima +Kubereka kwa munthu +Kuyanjana +Kugonana +Zogonana +Zoopsa zaumoyo +Wikimedia Foundation ndi maziko osapindulitsa. Likulu lawo lalikulu lili ku San Francisco ku United States. Wikimedia Foundation imayendetsa ntchito zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la wiki ndi software ya MediaWiki. Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikisource, Wikinews, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikimedia Commons, Wikidata, Wikivoyage, ndi Meta-Wiki. + +Nazi zina zambiri zokhudzana ndi maziko, koma izi ndizozing'ono kwambiri. Amaphatikizapo Wikimedia Foundation wiki, MediaWiki wiki, Test Wikipedia, Wikimedia Incubator, Bugzilla, ndi Wikimania wiki. + +Cholinga cha mazikowo chinalengezedwa mwachindunji ndi wothandizana ndi Wikipedia, Jimmy Wales, yemwe anali kutsegula Wikipedia mu Bomis yake, pa June 20, 2003. + +Maziko amapeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku zopereka, chifukwa ndi zopanda phindu. Amafunanso ndalama. Makampani ena athandiza Wikimedia mwa kupereka ma kompyuta, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma seva. Popeza anthu amatha kulemba ma wikis, Wikimedia amapanga kugwiritsa ntchito. + +Patricio Lorente ndi Pulezidenti wamakono wa Wikimedia Foundation Board. + +Mawebusaiti ena + Owebusaiti + +Wikimedia Foundation +Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales (wobadwa pa August 7, 1966) ndi wazamalonda wa pa Intaneti wa ku America, wotchuka kwambiri monga wothandizira a Wikipedia ndi Wikia. Wales anabadwira ku Huntsville, Alabama, United States. Kumeneko, anapita ku Randolph School. Kenaka adalandira madigiri a bachelor ndi a master pa ndalama. Mu 1996, iye ndi anzake awiri adayambitsa Bomis. Bomis inali malo ochezera pa intaneti ndi zosangalatsa komanso zokhudzana ndi anthu akuluakulu. Kampaniyo inapereka ndalama kwa Nupedia (2000-2003) ndipo pambuyo pake, Wikipedia. + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1966 Anthu amoyo +Chloé Bourgeois ndi munthu wongopeka kuchokera pa TV ndi Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir yomwe inalengedwa ndi Thomas Astruc. Amayesedwa ndi Selah Victor m'Chingelezi ndi Marie Chevalot m'Chifalansa. Bambo a Chloé, André Bourgeois, ndi meya wa Paris ndi amayi ake a Audrey Bourgeois, omwe ndi mfumukazi ya mafashoni. Chloé ndi wowononga kwambiri, snobby, ndipo amaganiza kuti dziko limamuzungulira. Nthawi zambiri amazunza anthu, makamaka anzake a m'kalasi, makamaka kukhumudwitsa kwawo ndi kukhumudwa kwawo kuti zikhale zovuta kuti a Hawk Moth azisintha kukhala anthu osamalidwa. Mofanana ndi ophunzira ena, iye alibe chidziwitso cha kudziwika kwa Ladybug, ndipo ndiwotchuka kwambiri wa Ladybug, nthawi zambiri kuyesera kutenga zithunzi naye; iye amakhala ndi chovala cha Ladybug chomwe amachigwiritsa ntchito poyera kuti amutsanzire. + +Zolemba + +Anthu achinyengo achi French +Kantu Habanji Siachingili (wobadwa pa April 5, 1990), wodziwika bwino monga Kantu yemwe adalembedwanso ngati Kan 2, ndi woimba wa Zambia, wolemba nyimbo, ndipo ndi Ambassador ku Triple V Campaign. Anayamba kubwera ku Zambian musiya pamene adajambula pa nyimbo ya Slapdee yotchedwa Remember. Mkazi wake woyamba, Mungeli adatulutsidwa mu May 2014. Chaka chotsatira adasankhidwa kawiri pa 2015 Awards Zambia Music Awards ndipo adzalandira mphoto ya Best Female Artist 2016 ku Zambian Music Awards. + +Moyo wakuubwana + +Kantu Habanji Siachingili anabadwa ku Lusaka mwana wamkazi wachisanu, m'banja lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Kan 2 adachita maphunziro ake apamwamba ku Adastra Primary School ku Choma ndi maphunziro apamwamba ku Hillcrest Technical High School ku Livingstone komwe adaphunzira ndi oimba anzake Judy Yo ndi Wacheda. Anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Zambia mu 2009 kumene adachita chaka chake choyamba ku yunivesite komwe adaphunzira kwa zaka 4 ndipo ali ndi digiri ya bachelor mu Art ndi Education, Geography yaikulu ndi mbiri yochepa. Kan 2 inauziridwa ndi banja lake kupanga nyimbo komanso m'mawu ake omwe adawuziridwa ndi woimba nyimbo wa ku America Brandy. Mu 2010 Kan 2 adalowa mpikisano wotchedwa In Tha Hood ndipo adapambana mpikisano. + +Mu 2012, adakali mpikisano wina wotchedwa Talent Yapa Zed. Anapanga pamwamba 10 koma sindinapambane. Mu 2013, adagwira ntchito ku Zambia National Arts Council yotchedwa 'kupita kukapereka'. Mu December 2013, adasaina ndi lemba la XYZ zosindikiza. Mkazi wake woyamba dzina lake Mungeli adatulutsidwa mu February 2014. Pa 19 April, 2016 Kan 2 adachotsedwa ku XYZ Entertainment ndipo salinso mbali yake. Iye adalengeza izi pa 30 April 2016 pa tsamba lake la Facebook. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo Anabadwa mu 1990 +Kgomotso Christopher (wobadwa pa 25 March 1979) ndi wojambula wa South Afican ndi wojambula nyimbo yemwe amadziwika nthawi yake ku Isidingo monga Katlego Sibeko asanalowere Scandal monga Yvonne. Iye amvekanso mawu omwe amatsata kachitidwe ka MTN's Interactive Voice Response akusungidwa ngati Wotsogolere Wachiphatso Wachigawo pa Bungwe la Atsogoleri a Naledi Theatre Awards. + +Maphunziro ndi ntchito +Kgomotso anachita Bachelor of Arts degree mu Law ndi Politics ku University of Cape Town. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya Jules Kramer ya Fine Arts pamene anamaliza maphunziro ake. Mu 2004 adapeza Masters of Fine Arts ku Theatre Arts ku Columbia University ku New York City. Anapitirizabe kukhala ndi ntchito ku US ndi UK mpaka 2008. Kgomotso adayang'ana alendo pa TV, Madam & Eve, SOS, Backstage, ndi Moferefere Lenyalong. Iye wapanga mawonekedwe ku zisudzo za Romeo & Juliet, Dream Night Midsummer, Hamlet ndi Dr. Faustus. Pa November 15, 2018 Kgomotso adavumbulutsira pa Instagram ndipo ndilo liwu lakumbuyo kwa MTN's Interactive Voice Response system. + +Moyo waumwini +Kgomotso ni wakwatiwa kuli Calvin Christopher. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Lady Antebellum ndi gulu la nyimbo la ku America lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Nashville, Tennessee m'chaka cha 2006. Gululi limapangidwa ndi Hillary Scott (chitsogozo ndi mawu omveka bwino), Charles Kelley (mtsogoleri ndi mawu oyimba, gitala), ndi Dave Haywood (mawu omvera, guitala, piyano, mandolin). Scott ndi mwana waimba nyimbo ya nyimbo ku Ireland Linda Davis, ndipo Kelley ndi mchimwene wa woimba nyimbo Josh Kelley. + +Gululi linayamba mu 2007 monga Jim Brickman wosakwatiwa "Never Alone", asanatumizire Capitol Nashville. Lady Antebellum yatulutsa Albums 6 za Capitol: Lady Antebellum, Akusowa Inu Tsopano, muli ndi usiku, golide, 747, ndi mtima wosweka, kuphatikizapo Album imodzi ya Khirisimasi (Pa Winter Winter Night). Albums zawo zitatu zoyambirira ndizovomerezedwa ndi platinamu kapena zapamwamba ndi Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Ma Albumwo adapanga nyimbo khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi pa zojambula za Hot Country Songs ndi Country Airplay, zomwe zisanu ndi zinayi zafika pa nambala imodzi. Chiwerengero chawo chokhalitsa kwambiri ndi "Akufunika Inu Tsopano", chomwe chinatha milungu isanu pa udindo umenewu mu 2009; Nyimbo yonseyi ndi 2011 "Just Kiss" inafotokoza nambala 1 pa Zithunzi Zakale Zakale. + +Lady Antebellum anapatsidwa Top New Duo kapena Gulu ndi Academy of Country Music ndi New Artist of the Year ndi Country Music Association mu 2008. Iwo anasankhidwa pa Grammy Awards awiri pa 51 A Annual Grammy Awards ndi ena awiri pa 52nd Annual Grammy Mphoto. Mwa osankhidwa awa, adatenga kunyumba mphoto ya Best Country Performance ndi Duo kapena Gulu ndi Ophunzira chifukwa "Ine Kuthamangira kwa Inu". Anapatsidwa mphoto ya Gulu la Vocal Group, Song of the Year ("Need You Now"), ndi Chaka Chokha ("Need You Now") pamisonkhano ya 44 ya ACM pa April 18, 2010. Adapindula mphoto zisanu pa 53 Mipukutu ya Grammy, kuphatikizapo Nyimbo ya Chaka ndi Mbiri ya Chaka cha "Ndikufunika Inu Tsopano". Lady Antebellum adapezanso "Best Album Album" pa 54th Grammy Awards. Pofika m'mwezi wa August 2013, gululi linagulitsa zidutswa za digito 12.5 miliyoni ndi Albums 10 miliyoni ku United States. + +Discography + + Lady Antebellum (2008) + Need You Now (2010) + Own the Night (2011) + On This Winter's Night (2012) + Golden (2013) + 747 (2014) + Heart Break (2017) + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + + Official website + Lady Antebellum at allmusic.com + +gulu loimba +Zambian Super League, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MTN / FAZ Super Division chifukwa cha thandizo la ndalama, ndilo likulu la mpira wa masewera a Zambia. Linakhazikitsidwa mu 1962. Anthu ambiri omwe anabwera kudzakhala mu 2013 anali ZESCO United, 14,000. 2019 Zambia Super League ndi nyengo yomwe yatha posachedwapa. + +Akatswiri opambana cup + + 1962: Roan United (Luanshya) + 1963: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1964: City of Lusaka (Lusaka) + 1965: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1966: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1967: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1968: Kabwe Warriors (Kabwe) + 1969: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1970: Kabwe Warriors (Kabwe) + 1971: Kabwe Warriors (Kabwe) + 1972: Kabwe Warriors (Kabwe) + 1973: Zambia Army (Lusaka) + 1974: Zambia Army (Lusaka) + 1975: Green Buffaloes (Lusaka) + 1976: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1977: Green Buffaloes (Lusaka) + 1978: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1979: Green Buffaloes (Lusaka) + 1980: Nchanga Rangers (Chingola) + 1981: Green Buffaloes (Lusaka) + 1982: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1983: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1984: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 1985: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1986: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1987: Kabwe Warriors (Kabwe) + 1988: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1989: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1990: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1991: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 1992: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1993: Nkana (Kitwe) + 1994: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 1995: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1996: Mufulira Wanderers (Mufulira) + 1997: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 1998: Nchanga Rangers (Chingola) + 1999: Nkana (Kitwe) + 2000: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 2001: Nkana (Kitwe) + 2002: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2003: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2004: Red Arrows (Lusaka) + 2005: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2006: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2007: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2008: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2009: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2010: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2011: Power Dynamos (Kitwe) + 2012: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2013: Nkana (Kitwe) + 2014: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2015: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2016: Zanaco (Lusaka) + 2017: ZESCO United (Ndola) + 2018: ZESCO United (Ndola) + +Zochita za klabu + +Source: + +Zakunja + + League at fifa.com + +Zambian Super League +2018 Zambian Super League inali nyengo ya 57 pa Zambia. Nyengoyi inayamba pa 17 March ndipo idatha pa 28 Oktoba 2018. + +Tebulo + +Cholinga chachikulu + +Kuchokera: FIFA.com + +References + +mpira +2019 Zambian Super League idzakhala nyengo yachisanu ndi chitatu ya Zambia Super League, yomwe ili pamwamba kwambiri ku Zambia. Chifukwa cha kalendala yachitukuko cha mpikisano wa CAF mu 2018-19, magulu okwana 20 omwe ali m'gululi adzagawidwa m'magulu awiri a magulu khumi, limodzi la magulu ochokera kumpoto ndi limodzi la magulu ochokera kumwera. + +League tables + +Stream A + +Stream B + +Results + +Stream A results + +Stream B results + +Zolemba + +Zambian Super League +2019 mpira mu Zambia +Broiler ndi nkhuku yomwe imamera ndipo imapangidwira makamaka ya nyama. Ambiri odzola amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera ndi khungu lachikasu. Ambiri opanga malonda amapita kuphedwa-kulemera pakati pa masabata anayi ndi asanu ndi awiri, ngakhale kuti mbeu zochepa zochepa zikufika kupha-kulemera pafupifupi masabata 14. Chifukwa cha kuswana kwakukulu kofulumira kofulumira kwambiri, komanso kubzala kumeneku kumakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, makamaka matenda otupa malungo ndi operewera, khungu ndi maso ndi maso a mtima. Kuyendetsa mpweya wabwino, nyumba, kusungirako katundu ndi njira zapakhomo zimayenera kuyesedwa nthawi zonse kuti zithandize phindu labwino la nkhosa. Zosamalidwa bwino (amalonda) amakula mpaka kukula msinkhu komanso amakhala ndi nkhawa zawo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kukhumudwa kwa chiopsezo chachikulu ndi mitsinje. Mabilera amakula nthawi zambiri ngati nkhosa zosakanikirana m'magulu akuluakulu pansi pa zovuta. + +Zolemba + +Nkhuku zowutsa mtanda +Kulima nkhuku +Nkhuku (Gallus gallus domesticus) ndi mtundu wa mbalame zokhala ndi mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi mbalame zam'mlengalenga. Ndi imodzi mwa nyama zoweta komanso zofala kwambiri, zomwe zili ndi zoposa 19 biliyoni kuyambira 2011. Pali nkhuku zambiri padziko lapansi kuposa mbalame iliyonse kapena mbalame zoweta. Anthu amasunga nkhuku makamaka ngati gwero la chakudya (kudya nyama ndi mazira) ndipo, mocheperapo, monga ziweto. Poleredwa koyamba kuti apange cockfighting kapena mwambo wapadera, nkhuku sizinasungidwe kuti zikhale chakudya mpaka nthawi ya Hellenistic (4th-2nd century BC). + +Kafukufuku wa mafuko awonetsa za chiyambi cha amayi ambiri ku Southeast Asia, East Asia, ndi South Asia, koma ndi clade yomwe inapezeka ku America, Europe, Middle East ndi Africa kuchokera ku Indian subcontinent. Kuyambira ku India wakale, nkhuku zoweta zimafalitsidwa ku Lydia kumadzulo kwa Asia Minor, komanso ku Greece cha m'ma 500 BC. Nkhuku zodziwika ku Egypt kuyambira m'ma 1500 BC, ndi "mbalame yomwe imabereka tsiku lililonse" itabwera ku Igupto kuchokera ku dziko la Syria ndi Shinar, Babuloia, malinga ndi zolemba za Thutmose III. + +Zolemba + +Kulima nkhuku +Yahya Kaba wodziwika kuti KB Killa Beats ndi wolemba ku Zambia (wobadwa pa June 20, 1983). + +Malire + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +Anabadwa mu 1983 +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Here You Come Again ndi album ya masewera solo ya Dolly Parton . Linatulutsidwa pa October 3, 1977, lolembedwa ndi RCA Victor . Inali nyimbo yoyamba ya Parton kuti ikhale platinamu yovomerezeka ndi Recording Industry Association of America , kuti itumize makope miliyoni. + +Kulandira kovuta +Billboard inasindikiza kafukufuku wa albamuyi mu October 17, 1977, yomwe inati, "Ichi ndi mbali yowonekera kwambiri ya popon ya Parton. Zomwe akusankha kugwira ntchito, zina ndi olemba odziwika, ena amadzilembera, amaperekedwa ku mawu a Parton aang'ono omwe akulira. Liwu lake lokwera lokoma limakhala losaoneka kwambiri pa chodulidwa chilichonse, kutulutsa chiyero chofunda. Chingwe chosasunthika ndi nyanga yowonjezera imapangitsa kuti mphepo ikhale yofewa, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo ntchito yamagitala yolimba, yobwereka zitsulo kuphatikizapo, sizimasokoneza mawu a Parton. Chotsatira cha titleon cha Parton chimene adaimba pa TV Awards TV, ndikutsimikizira kuti Hot 100. " + +M'magazini ya Oktoba 22, 1977, Cashbox inafotokoza ndemanga yakuti, "Njira zopambana za Dolly zatsimikizira oposa omwe kale sanali okhulupirira kuti dzikoli ndi omvera akumadzulo alibe ufulu wokhala paokha maluso a mbalameyi. Ndi album iyi, Dolly amatenga chiphona chachikulu pakati pa mapulogalamu okongoletsera omwe amangokhala ndi banjo kapena pedal steel lick. Koma ngakhale iwo omwe amuwona iye akuchita adzayenera kukhala osachepera modabwa momwe akudziwiratu mwachibadwa Dolly akudumphira mu thumba latsopano. " + +Zochita zamalonda +Albumyi inafotokoza pa Nambala 1 ku chart ya US Billboard Hot Country LPs ndi No. 20 pa chartboard ya US Billboard 200 . Ku Canada, nyimboyi inachitika pa No. 12 pa tchati cha RPM ku Canada. + +Album yoyamba ija, "Here You Come Again", inatulutsidwa mu October 1977 ndipo inafotokoza nambala 1 ku United States Billboard Hot Country Singles chart, No. 3 pa Billboard Hot 100 ndi No. 2 ku United States Billboard Easy Tchati chomvetsera. Ku Canada, munthu mmodzi yekha anafika pa nambala 1 pa chithunzi cha RPM Canada Country Singles chart, No. 7 pa RPM Canada Singles chart ndi No. 1 pa RPM Canada Easy Listening chart. Ku Australia, mmodzi yekha anafika pa No. 10 pa chart ARIA Top 100 Singles chart. Mmodziyo adakumananso ndi nambala 75 pa OCC UK Singles Chart . + +Mu mezi ya February 1978, "Two Doors Down" ndi "It's All Wrong, But it's All Right" zinaperekedwa ngati mbali imodzi ya A, imodzi yokhala ndi mapulogalamu a pop ndi dziko. Pulogalamu ya "Two Doors Down" yomwe inafotokozedwa ndi Parton inalembedwa ndi Parton mu Januwale 1978 ndipo imakhala ndi phokoso loposa popanga nyimbo. Icho chidzalowe m'malo mwawuniyumu ya Album yoyamba pa kuyimba konse kwa Album. "Doors Two Down" anafika pa No. 19 pa Billboard Hot 100 ndi No. 12 ku US Billboard Easy Listening chart. Ku Canada, mmodzi yekha anafika pa No. 26 pa RPM Canada Singles chati ndi No. 7 pa RPM Canada Easy Listening chart. "Zonse Ndizolakwika, Koma Zili Zabwino" pa No. 1 pa Billboard Hot Country Singles chart ndi RPM Canada Country Singles chart. + +Mu April 1980, "Me and Little Andy" tidatulutsidwa ngati osakwatiwa ku UK ndipo sizinasinthe. + +Lembani mndandanda + +Malo a Tchati +Album + +Singles + +Zojambulajambula +Sukulu ya Misonkhano Yoyimba Yadziko + +Nyimbo Zomusangalatsa za ku America + +Country Music Association Awards + +Misonkhano Yachigawo ya 20 ya Grammy Awards + +Misonkhano Yachigawo ya Grammy Yachiwiri + +Nashville Songwriters Association International Awards + +Zolemba + +Album ya mu 1977 +Ma album ya Dolly Parton +Ma album ya RCA Records +Pages with unreviewed translations +Glynis Johns (wobadwa pa 5 Oktoba 1923) ndi wotchuka wotchedwa Welsh, wailesi yakanema ndi filimu, wothamanga, woimba piyano, ndi woimba. Atabadwira ku Pretoria , South Africa pamene makolo ake ali paulendo, amadziwika bwino chifukwa chopanga Desiree Armfeldt mu A Little Night Music pa Broadway , yomwe adapambana ndi Tony Award , komanso akusewera Winifred Banks ku Walt Disney nyimbo zojambula nyimbo zojambula nyimbo za smash Mary Poppins . Pa maudindo awiriwa, iye anaimba nyimbo zolembedwera mwachindunji, kuphatikizapo " Tumizani ku Clowns ", lolembedwa ndi Stephen Sondheim , ndi " Mlongo Suffragette ", lolembedwa ndi Sherman Brothers . Anasankhidwa kuti apange Oscar chifukwa cha ntchito yake mu filimu ya 1960 The Sundowners . Iye ndi wolemekezeka chifukwa cha khalidwe lachisamaliro cha mau ake a husky ndi moyo wake wosatha. + +Zithunzi + +Moyo wakuubwana +Johns anabadwira ku Pretoria , South Africa , mwana wamkazi wa Alice Maude Steele ( née Wareham; 1901-1970), woimba piyano, ndi Mervyn Johns (1899-1992), woyang'anira filimu ku Britain. Mizu yake ili ku West Wales , ndipo anabadwira ku Pretoria pamene makolo ake anali kuyendera kumeneko. Anapita ku Clifton High School ku Bristol kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. makolo ake kumbali Johns analembedwa monga wamoyo pa famu Glanmorlais Uchaf, Trimsaran, Carmarthenshire mu 1701. +[ zofunikira ] + +Ntchito yoyambirira +Johns anapanga siteji yake yoyamba kuonekera ku Bears monga mwana ballerina ku Garrick Theatre mu 1935. (Patapita nthawi anakhala mphunzitsi waluso woyenera). Ankawoneka akuvina mu masewera a ana pa mapwando a Khirisimasi ndikuponyera muyeso yake yoyamba, St Helena ku Old Vic mu 1936. Chaka chomwecho iye adawonetsanso za The Children's Hour ndi The Melody That Lost . Anatsatira izi ndi Tsiku la Chiweruzo (1937), ndipo adakhala nyenyezi yapamwamba ku A Kiss kwa Cinderella (1937). + +Nyenyezi yowunikira +Johns anapanga sewero lake poyamba mu 1938 mu filimuyi ya buku la Winifred Holtby South Riding . Iye anali ndi maudindo ang'onoang'ono mu Kuphedwa mu Banja (1938), Prison Without Bars (1939), Pa Usiku wa Moto (1940), Under Your Hat (1940) ndi The Briggs Family (1940). Pa sukulu iye adali mu ukwati wamtendere (1939). + +Zochitika za Johns ku Pulezidenti (1941) sizinapangitse omaliza komaliza koma adali ndi gawo lalikulu mu 49th Parallel (1941), m'malo mwa Elisabeth Bergner pamapeto pake. Iye anali mu Quiet Weekend (1941-43) pa siteji, kugunda kwakukulu komwe kunathamangira kwa zaka ziwiri. + +Johns anali ndi maudindo abwino mu The Adventures of Tartu (1943) ndi The Halfway House (1944). Pa siteji anaonekera ku Peter Pan (1943), Ndikukuwonaninso (1944) ndi Opusa Akukhamukira Mu 1946. + +Johns analandira ndemanga zabwino za ntchito yake monga mnzake wapamtima wa Deborah Kerr ku Perfect Strangers (1945). Anapitiriza kuthandizira maudindo awa: Munthu Uyu Ndi Wanga (1946), Frieda (1947) ndi An Ideal Husband (1947). + +Ndemanga yafilimu +Johns anakhala nyenyezi yomwe ikuyimba pamutu ku Miranda (1948), chipwirikiti chomwe chimayambitsa chisokonezo m'banja la London. Yotsogoleredwa ndi Ken Annakin filimuyi inali yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yakhazikitsidwa ndi Johns monga dzina la mafilimu. + +Iye anali ndi maudindo otsogolera kwa Third Time Lucky (1949), Wokondedwa Bambo Prohack (1949) ndi Secret Secret (1950). Pa sukulu Johns anali muzipusa kuthamanga Mu Njira Zomwe Amayendera . + +Johns adamuthandiza Richard Todd mu Thupi ndi Magazi (1951) ndipo adawombera kachitatu ku Hollywood-ndalama zowonjezereka ku Sky (1951). Anayanjana ndi David Niven mu Appointment ndi Venus (1951) kwa mtsogoleri Ralph Thomas ndipo anali mmodzi wa mayina angapo mu Encore (1951) ndi The Magic Box (1951). + +Johns anali mmodzi wa Alec Guinness 'chikondi chake mu The Card (1952). Pa Broadway iye adagwira ntchito ya maudindo ku Gertie . Iye anavoteredwa ndi owonetsa a ku British nyenyezi khumi yotchuka kwambiri m'deralo mu ofesi ya bokosi mu 1951 ndi 1952. + +Anagwirizananso ndi Richard Todd kwa anthu awiri omwe amawapanga Walt Disney : Sword ndi Rose (1953) (motsogoleredwa ndi Annakin) ndi Rob Roy, Highland Rogue (1953). Pakati pa iye anapanga Personal Affair (1953) akuthandiza Gene Tierney . + +Johns anali ndi gawo loyang'anitsitsa mu Ofooka ndi Oipa (1954), za amayi omwe ali m'ndende, ndi kugunda kwakukulu. Anachitanso china kwa Annakin, The Seekers (1954) ndi Jack Hawkins , kenaka anagwirizana ndi Robert Newton ku The Beachcomber (1954). Mad About Men (1954) anali mzere wa Miranda , wotsogozedwa ndi Thomas. + +Johns anali mkulu wa apamwamba Josephine ndi Men (1955), ndipo adamuthandiza Danny Kaye ku Khoti Jester (1956). Annakin anamugwiritsanso ntchito ku Loser Takes All (1956) ndipo anali mmodzi mwa nyenyezi zambiri zomwe zinapanga maiko a padziko lonse m'masiku 80 (1956). + +Anabwerera ku Broadway kuti adzatengere dzina la Major Barbara (1956). Johns adakhala ku America kuti apange nyimbo zanga zonse kuti ndizipereke (1957). + +Khalidwe katswiri +Anabwerera ku Britain kuti apange nthawi ina, malo ena (1958) ndipo anali kugwedeza manja ndi satana (1959). Johns anali wokwera pamwamba pa Webusaiti ya The Spider's (1960) ndipo anali ndi gawo lothandizira mu Sundowners (1960) zomwe zinamupangitsa kusankha Oscar. + +Johns analipira pamwamba pamtundu wa Cabinet of Caligari (1962) ndi imodzi mwa nyenyezi zingapo mu Chapman Report (1962). Anathandizira Jackie Gleason mu Dipatimenti ya Delicate (1962) ya Papa ndipo anali mu Too Good kuti akhale oona pa Broadway mu 1963. + +Anaponyedwa mu 1961 mu sewero lachiwawa la ABC / Warner Brothers The Roaring '20s . Anajambula Kitty O'Moyne, wochokera ku Ireland amene akugwera m'mphepete mwa doko pamene akufika ku United States. Mu 1962-63 nyengo ya televizioni, mlendo wa Johns anayang'anizana mu mndandanda wa CBS anthology The Lloyd Bridges Show . Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1963, iye ndi Keith Andes anayambanso kukhala okwatirana m'mabuku ake a TV a CBS omwe sanadziŵike kuti anali Glynis , omwe analemba mlembi komanso Andes woimira milandu woweruza milandu. Pulogalamuyo inaletsedwa pambuyo pa magawo khumi ndi atatu. + +Johns adagonjetsedwa kwambiri mu Mary Poppins (1964) ndipo adaseka mkazi wa James Stewart ku Dear Brigitte (1965). Iye anali mu The King's Mare ku Garrick Theatre mu 1966. + +Iye anawonekera mu maudindo osiyanasiyana mu Osati Ingoyima Apo! (1968) ndi kutseka ana anu aakazi (1969), koma anagwira ntchito kwambiri pa siteji: Talente ya Amuse (1969), Come As You Are (1969-70) ndi Marquise (1971-72). + +Johns adali ndi kupambana kwakukulu kuoneka mu A Little Night Music (1973). Nyimbo " Kutumiza ku Clowns " inalembedwa ndi iye m'malingaliro. Mu 1973, adagonjetsa mphoto ya Tony chifukwa chochita nawo nyimbo. + +Ntchito yotsatira +Pambuyo pake, mafilimu ake anali a Vault of Horror (1973) ndi The Happy Prince (1974), koma ankaika patsogolo pake: Ring Round the Moon (1975), 13 Rue de l'Amour (1976), Chifukwa Célèbre (1978) Nthenda yamoto (1980-81) ndi Circle (1989-90). Johns adawoneka ngati Myrtle Bledsoe pachiyambi cha Bokosi la Horton Foote ku Egypt mu 1998 ku Bay Street Theatre. + +Panthawi yoyamba ya NBC ya Cheers , Johns adayang'anitsitsa amayi ake a Diane Chambers, Helen Chambers, yemwe anali wolemera kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa cha zomwe bambo ake adakondwera nazo, adzalandira ndalama zake pokhapokha Diane atakwatira tsiku lotsatira . Kuchokera mu 1988-89, iye adayimba Trudie Pepper, nzika yambiri akukhala ku Arizona, pantchito ya TV yomwe ikubwera ku CBS. + +Johns adasewera kamera akugwedeza agogo aakazi m'chaka cha 1995 Sandra Bullock anagunda Pamene Mukugona . Chithunzi chake chomaliza cha filimu mpaka lero chinali monga agogo a Molly Shannon mu Superstar ya 1999. + +Moyo waumwini +Johns wakhala wokwatira kangapo. Mwamuna wake woyamba anali Anthony Forwood (m. 1942-48), yemwe anali ndi mwana wake yekhayo, Gareth Forwood (1945-2007). + +Complete filmography + + South Riding (1938) as Midge Carne + Murder in the Family (1938) as Marjorie Osborne + Prison Without Bars (1938) as Nina + On the Night of the Fire (1939) as Mary Carr + Under Your Hat (1940) as Winnie + The Briggs Family (1940) as Sheila Briggs + The Thief of Bagdad (1940) as Princess' Maid (uncredited) + The Prime Minister (1941) as Miss Sheridan (uncredited) + 49th Parallel (1941) as Anna + The Adventures of Tartu (1943), U.S. title Sabotage Agent, as Paula Palacek + The Halfway House (1944) as Gwyneth + Perfect Strangers (1945), U.S. title Vacation from Marriage, as Dizzy Clayton + This Man Is Mine (1946) as Millie + Frieda (1947) as Judy + An Ideal Husband (1947) as Miss Mabel Chiltern + Miranda (1948) as Miranda Trewella + Third Time Lucky (1949) as Joan Burns + Helter Skelter (1949) as Miranda Trewella (uncredited) + Dear Mr. Prohack (1949) as Mimi Warburton + + State Secret (1950), U.S. title The Great Manhunt, as Lisa Robinson + Flesh & Blood (1951) as Katherine + No Highway (1951), U.S. title No Highway in the Sky, as Marjorie Corder + Appointment with Venus (1951), U.S. title Island Rescue, as Nicola Fallaize + Encore (1951) as Stella Cotman (segment "Gigolo and Gigolette") + The Magic Box (1951) as May Jones + The Card (1952), U.S. title The Promoter, as Ruth Earp + The Sword and the Rose (1953) as Princess Mary Tudor + Personal Affair (1953) as Barbara Vining + Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue (1953) as Helen Mary MacPherson MacGregor + The Weak and the Wicked (1954), U.S. title Young and Willing, as Jean Raymond + The Seekers (1954), U.S. title Land of Fury, as Marion Southey + The Beachcomber (1954) as Martha Jones + Mad About Men (1954) as Caroline Trewella / Miranda Trewella + Josephine and Men (1955) as Josephine Luton + The Court Jester (1955) as Maid Jean + Loser Takes All (1956) as Cary + Around the World in 80 Days (1956) as Sporting Lady's Companion + All Mine to Give (1957) as Jo Eunson + Another Time, Another Place (1958) as Kay Trevor + Shake Hands with the Devil (1959) as Kitty Brady + Last of the Few (1960) as narrator + The Spider's Web (1960) as Clarissa Hailsham-Brown + The Sundowners (1960) as Mrs. Firth + The Cabinet of Caligari (1962) as Jane Lindstrom + The Chapman Report (1962) as Teresa Harnish + Papa's Delicate Condition (1963) as Amberlyn Griffith + Mary Poppins (1964) as Winifred Banks + Dear Brigitte (1965) as Vina Leaf + Don't Just Stand There! (1968) as Sabine Manning + Lock Up Your Daughters! (1969) as Mrs. Squeezum + Under Milk Wood (1972) as Myfanwy Price + The Vault of Horror (1973) as Eleanor (segment "The Neat Job") + The Happy Prince (1974, short) as Swallow (voice) + Mrs. Amworth (1975 short) as Mrs. Amworth + Three Dangerous Ladies (1977) as Mrs. Amworth (segment "Mrs. Amworth") + Little Gloria... Happy at Last (1982 TV movie) as Laura Fitzpatrick Morgan + Nukie (1987) as Sister Anne + Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School (1988 TV movie) as Ms. Grimwood (voice) + Zelly and Me (1988) as Co-Co + The Ref (1994) as Rose + While You Were Sleeping (1995) as Elsie + Superstar (1999) as Grandma (final film role) + +Zikondwerero za pa televizioni zosiyana + + Adventures mu Paradaiso (1961) monga Esther Holmes + Mzinda Wamtambo (1961) monga Miss Arlington, woyang'anira magetsi + 12 O'clock High (1964) monga Jennifer Heath + Batman (1967) monga Lady Penelope Peasoup + Cheers (1983) monga Akazi Helen Chambers + Kupha, Analemba (1985) monga Bridget O'Hara + +Theatre (selected) + + 1936–36 St Helena, Old Vic + 1937 Judgement Day, Embassy and Strand + 1938 Quiet Wedding, Wyndham's + 1941 Quiet Weekend, Wyndham's + 1943 Peter Pan (Peter), Cambridge Theatre + 1950 Fools Rush In, Fortune + 1950 The Way Things Go, Phœnix + 1952 Gertie (title role), Broadway + 1956 Major Barbara (title role), Broadway + 1963 Too True to Be Good, Broadway + 1966 The King's Mare, Garrick + 1969–70 A Talent to Amuse, Phoenix Theatre + 1969–70 Come As You Are, New Theatre + 1971–72 Marquise, The Hippodrome, Bristol + 1973 A Little Night Music (Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical), Broadway + 1975 Ring Round the Moon, Los Angeles + 1976 13 Rue de l'Amour, Phœnix + 1978 Cause Celebre (Best Actress Award, Variety Club), Her Majesty's Theatre + 1980–81 Hay Fever, Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford + 1980–90 The Boy Friend, Toronto + 1989–90 The Circle, Broadway + 1998 A Coffin in Egypt, Bay Street Theatre + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + + Zithunzi za Glynis Johns + Glynis Johns pa webusaiti ya Disney Legends + +Anthu amoyo +David Woodard (anabadwa April 6, 1964) ndi wolemba wachi America. + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana zakunja + + BnF: cb16616878t + GND: 1014196620 + ISNI: 0000 0003 5593 5615 + VIAF: 174755630 + WorldCat Identities: 174755630 + +United States +Anthu amoyo +Irène Bordoni (16 Januani 1885 - 19 March 1953) anali mkazi wa ku Corsican - American ndi woimba. + +Zaka zoyambirira +Bordoni anabadwa mu Ajaccio , Corsica kuti Sanveur Bordoni, ndi telala , ndi Marie Lemonnier. Wojambula wa m'zaka za m'ma 1900, Francis Millet anali amalume ake omwe anamwalira ku Titanic . Iye adakhala mwana wamng'ono , akuchita ku Paris paulendo ndi mafilimu amkati kwa zaka zingapo, atayina ndi wothandizidwa ndi André Charlot . Bordoni anapanga koyamba pa siteji ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zitatu, pa Variétés , Paris. + +Anapita ku United States pa 28 December 1907, ali pa steerage pa SS La Provence . Chaka cha Bordoni chinaperekedwa m'mizere yoyambira ma 1895, koma chaka chake chobadwa ndi 1885. Anali ndi zaka 22 pa mndandanda wa othawa pomwe anafika ku United States mu 1907. Anapita koyamba ku Reno, ku Nevada , kumene bambo ake adanena kuti akukhalapo kale. + +Broadway + +Bordoni anapanga Broadway pakati pa abale a Shubert kupanga Broadway ku Paris ku Winter Garden Theatre ndipo adalowa m'malo mwa Anna Held monga lingaliro la Broadway la ku French piquancy ndi Continental. Anali mu Miss Information (1915) ndi Hitchy-Koo (1917 ndi 1918). 1919 anawona Bordoni mu Sleeping Partners pogwirizana ndi HB Warner ku Bijou. Mu 1920 "mawu ake okondweretsa ndi kukhalapo" adagwira pamene mudali ku Central Theatre. + +Bordoni inauza George Gershwin nyimbo ya " Do It Again " ndi vivacity ndi verve mu 1922 Broadway show The French Doll ku Lyceum. Mutu wawonetsero unayamba kukhala dzina lake lotchulidwira. Anayambanso ku Miss Missbebe Bluebeard (1923) ndi Naughty Cinderella (1925) ndi Avery Hopwood , zomwe otsutsa zamasewero a New York Times adanena, "Mwa Miss Bordoni mmodzi akhoza kuyankha zomwe zafotokozedwa nthawi zambiri. Mawu ake, mawu ake omveka komanso makamaka maso ake omwe akungoyang'anitsitsa, ndi okongola kwambiri. " + +Atazindikira kuti maso ake ndi ofunika kwambiri, Irène Bordoni mwina amakumbukiridwa bwino kuchokera ku zisudzo zoimba nyimbo monga nyenyezi ya nyimbo ya Paris ya 1928 Cole Porter yomwe ili ndi nyimbo yakuti " Let's Do It " Tiyeni tipeze zotsatira za Porter. . Bordoni ankalemba ndi kuimba nthawi zambiri ndipo pa wailesi nyimbo ina ya Cole Porter, " Let Misbehave " ndi Irving Aaronson ndi a Commanders dance dance. Nyimboyi yaphatikizidwa phokoso la zithunzi zisanu zoyendayenda kuphatikizapo Zomwe Mukufuna Kudziwa Zokhudza Kugonana * (* Koma Poopa Kufunsa) (1972), Pennies ochokera Kumwamba (1981) ndi Bullets Over Broadway (1994). Pambuyo pake Porter anaphatikiza dzina la Bordoni m'mawu a nyimbo yake Ndiwe Pamwamba ("Ndiwe maso a Irène Bordoni") kuchokera ku nyimbo ya Anything Goes (1934). +Panthawi yonse ya Broadway, Bordoni ankadziwika kuti anavala zovala zokongola kwambiri, kuphatikizapo zovala za Erté . Panthawiyi, Bordoni inafotokoza zotsalira za ndudu za Lucky Stere, ndikusuta Lucky kuti ndikhale wamng'ono, zomwe zinanenedwa kuti zathandizira kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kusuta fodya m'ma 1920. + +Bordoni ankavala tsitsi lake ndi zizindikiro zamtengo wapatali, zomwe adawathandiza kuti azizikonda; ndithudi 'kuyang'ana' kwake kunayendetsedwa bwino ndi okondedwa ake okha komanso kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1920 zomwe zidapanga nyenyezi yotchedwa Broadway nyenyezi yotchedwa Claudette Colbert . Anali woyang'anira woyamba wa WD Hutton wa stockbroker pamene anatsegula ofesi yake ya nthambi ku West 57th Street. + +M'zaka za m'ma 1930, iye anali woimba mlendo pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyana komanso kuwonetsedwa pa The RKO Hour. Bordoni inakondweretsa anthu kumbali zonse ziwiri za Atlantic, monga ndi Irving Berlin Ndilo Tsiku Lokondweretsa Tsiku Lonse ku West End mu 1939. + +Moyo waumwini +Bordoni anakwatira Edgar Becman yemwe anamusudzula mu 1917. Iye anakwatiranso pa 24 Oktoba 1918 kwa wofalitsa wa Broadway ndi lyricist E. Ray Goetz yemwe anawonetsa mawonetsero ambiri a Broadway (ndipo mlongo wake Dorothy Goetz anali mkazi woyamba wa Irving Berlin ) koma iwo anasudzulana mu 1929. + +Pakati pa pempho lake lapadziko lonse adasunga nyumba m'madera ozungulira New York: kuchokera 230 West End Avenue kufikira 108 East 78th Street mpaka 104 East 40th Street - komanso Paris ndi Monte Carlo . Iye adayendetsa malonda ku Palm Beach m'zaka za m'ma 1920 panthawi ya dziko la Florida. Pambuyo pake Bordoni anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wothandizira mafilimu komanso wolemba mabuku wotchedwa Avery Galen Bogue (1896-1951). + +Anamwalira pa 19 March 1953 ku Jewish Memorial Hospital ku Manhattan, ku New York City . Anayanjanirana m'manda a Ferncliff , Hartsdale, New York . + +Nyimbo zogwirizana ndi Bordoni +Bordoni analengeza kapena anali womasulira woyamba nyimbo izi: + + Chitani Ichi kachiwiri + Sindidzanena Sindidzanena Koma sindidzanena + Kotero Ichi Ndi Chikondi + Kodi Ndimakukondani? + Tiyeni tisawonongeke " + Kodi Nyimbo ya Nyimbo Ndi Ili Kuti? + Musayang'ane pa Ine mwanjira imeneyo + Chosankha-Chosankha + Tiyeni Tizichita: Tiyeni Tigone M'chikondi + Simungakhulupirire Maso Anga + Nthawi Yachikondi + +Zolemba + +Anamwalira mu 1953 +Anabadwa mu 1885 +Avril Ramona Lavigne (wobadwa pa Sekutembala 27, 1984) ndi woimba wa ku Canada-French, wolemba nyimbo, ndi wojambula. Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu (15), adawonekera pa shania ndi Shania Twain ndipo ali ndi zaka 16, adayina pangano lakale lojambula nyimbo ndi Arista Records zopitirira $2 miliyoni. + +Nyimbo yake yoyamba, Let Go (2002), inagogomezera skate punk persona yomwe wakhala akuyitanidwa ndi anthu oimba komanso nyimbo monga " Pop Punk Queen ", chifukwa cha zomwe adachita komanso zotsatira zake. Lavigne amaonedwa kuti ndi woimba kwambiri pakukula kwa nyimbo za punk , popeza adayambitsa njira ya nyimbo za pop, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi akazi. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha akatswiri ake, Lavigne wagulitsa zoposa 40   albhamu miliyoni ndi zoposa 50   miliyoni imodzi padziko lonse, kumupanga iye wojambula wachitsikana wotchuka kwambiri ku Canada nthawi zonse, kumbuyo kwa Celine Dion ndi Shania Twain . + +Lavigne ali ndi vuto limodzi, " Ovuta ", anafika nambala imodzi m'mayiko angapo padziko lonse ndipo anatsogolera Lavigne kuti akhale msilikali wamng'ono kwambiri kuti akhale ndi albamu imodzi ku United Kingdom . Album Yake yachiwiri, Under My Skin (2004), inakhala album yoyamba ya Lavigne kufika pamwamba pa Billboard 200 chithunzi ku United States, ndikugulitsa makope 10 miliyoni padziko lonse. Best Damn Thing (2007), Album yachitatu ya studio ya Lavigne, adafikira nambala imodzi m'mayiko asanu ndi awiri padziko lapansi ndipo adawona kuti dziko lonse lapansi likuyenda bwino ndi " Girlfriend ", yomwe idakhala yoyamba kukwera Billboard Hot 100 ku United States. Album yake yachinayi ndi yachisanu, Goodbye Lullaby (2011) ndi Avril Lavigne (2013), adawona bwino kupambana kwa malonda ndipo onsewa anali golide ku Canada, United States, ndi madera ena. + +Kuwonjezera pa nyimbo, Lavigne adatchula Heather, a opossum wa Virginia , mu filimu yowonongeka ya Over the Hedge (2006), ndipo adawonetsa kanema pa Fast Food Nation (2006). Mu 2008, Lavigne adayambitsa zovala zake, Abbey Dawn , ndipo mu 2009 adatulutsa mafuta ake oyambirira, Black Star , omwe adatsatiridwa ndi Rose Forbidden mu 2010, ndi Wild Rose mu 2011. Lavigne wakwatiwa kawiri: kwa Deryck Whibley kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2010, ndi Chad Kroeger kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2015. + +Chithunzi chapafupi +Pamene Lavigne woyamba wabweza olengeza, iye anali wodziwika kwa iye tomboyish kalembedwe, makamaka ake ma tayi ndi thanki pamwamba. Iye ankakonda zovala zamagetsi, nsapato za skater kapena Converses , mahatchi achikopa, ndipo nthawizina amavala nsapato zozungulira zala zake. Pa chithunzi chowombera, mmalo movala "kukwera pamaso", iye ankakonda kuvala "T okalamba, ogwedezeka". Poyankha machitidwe ake a mafashoni ndi nyimbo, ailesi ya zamalonda adamutcha kuti " princess pompk " ndi yankho laling'ono la Blink-182 . Zolankhula ndi mafani amamuona ngati "anti-Britney" , mbali imodzi chifukwa cha malonda ake ochepa komanso "weniweni", komanso chifukwa chakuti anali wamisala. "Sindinapangidwe ndipo sindikuuzidwa zomwe ndinganene ndi momwe ndingachitire, kotero iwo amanditcha anti-Britney, omwe sindiri." Pofika mu November 2002, Lavigne anasiya kuvala zomangira, akunena kuti amva kuti "akubvala chovala". Lavigne anachita khama kuti asunge nyimbo yake, osati fano lake, kutsogolo kwa ntchito yake. + +Lavigne kenako anatenga zambiri Gothic kalembedwe monga anayamba Album wake wachiwiri, pansi pa khungu langa, malonda siketing'i ake zovala kwa wakuda tutus ndi kupanga fano zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro angst . Pa The Best Damn Thing zaka, Lavigne anasintha mayendedwe. Ankavala tsitsi lake lofiira ndi pinki, ndipo ankavala zovala zachikazi, kuphatikizapo "tight jeans ndi zidendene", ndi kujambula magazini monga Harper's Bazaar . Lavigne anatetezera kalembedwe kake katsopano: "Sindinong'oneza bondo ayi. Mukudziwa, mabwenzi ndi omenya akazi ndi onse   ... Ilo linali ndi nthawi ndi malo ake. Ndipo tsopano ndine wamkulu, ndipo ndasintha ". + +Lavigne wakhala akufotokozera chidziwitso chodzipangira chiwembu chomwe adanena kuti adadzipha mu 2003, ndipo adalowetsedwa ndi thupi lachiwiri limene kale linalembedwa kuti lisokoneze paparazzi. Izi zinangokhala ngati nthabwala pa blog ya Brazil, koma zakhala zikuvomerezedwa ndi a theorists. Pomwe anakambirana ndi KIIS 106.5 ku Australia mu November 2018, Lavigne adayankha nkhani zabodzazo, akuzikana ngati zodabwitsa. + +Moyo waumwini + +Ma Tattoo + +Zojambula zochepa chabe za Lavigne ndizosiyana ndi iye; Zina zonse zikufanana ndi za abwenzi ake. Lavigne anali ndi nyenyezi yojambula mkati mwa dzanja lake lakumanzere lomwe linalengedwa panthawi imodzimodzi monga bwenzi ndi nyimbo zofanana ndi zojambula za Ben Moody . Chakumapeto kwa 2004, anali ndi mtima wochepa wa pinki kuzungulira kalata yake "D" yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa dzanja lake lamanja, lomwe limamuyimira chibwenzi chake, Deryck Whibley. Lavigne ndiyeno-mwamuna Whibley anali ndi zofanana zofanana mu March 2010, pokondwerera tsiku la kubadwa kwake. Mu April 2010, Lavigne anawonjezera chojambula china pa mkono wake, chomwe chinali mphezi ndi nambala 30. + +Komabe, chikondi chake cha zojambulajambula chinachitidwa ndi ailesi mu May 2010, pambuyo pa Lavigne ndi Brody Jenner aliyense ali ndi zofanana zofanana ndi mawu akuti "fuck" pa nthiti zawo. Lavigne anawonekera m'nkhani ya June / July ya magazini ya Inked , komwe anakambirana ndi kujambula zojambula zake, kuphatikizapo "Abbey Dawn" kumanzere kwake kumanzere ndi "XXV" ndi nyenyezi kumanja kwake. Ngakhale kuti atsimikizira kuti "tatchuka" pamatchulidwe ake (akuti ndi "mawu ake okondedwa" ) adaigwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pa chithunzi cha magazine. Iye anawonjezera kuti potsiriza anafuna kupeza "mtima wa abulu wamkulu ndi mbendera kupyolera mwa iwo ndi dzina   ... Ndikuyembekezera zaka zingapo ndikuonetsetsa kuti ndikufunabe. Ndiyenera kuyembekezera munthu wapadera kuti abwerere m'moyo wanga. " Mu July 2010, Lavigne adamupatsa dzina lake," Brody ", atadzilemba bwino pamutu pake. Banjali linalengeza kuti January 2012. + +Nzika wa ku France +Lavigne wakhala Chifalansa mwalamulo kuchokera pa kubadwa, chifukwa bambo ake ndi French ndi France amagwiritsa ntchito jus sanguinis . Anapempha pasipoti yake ya ku France ndipo analandira mu February 2011. Mu January 2012, nyumba ya Lavigne ku Bel-Air , pamsika kuyambira May 2011, anagulitsa, ndi Lavigne anasamukira ku Paris, France, kukaphunzira Chifalansa. Anabwereka nyumba n'kupita ku sukulu ya Berlitz . Pambuyo pake iye anatenga ukwati wake wachiwiri kumwera kwa France . + +Mabwenzi + +Deryck Whibley +Lavigne ndi Sum 41 omwe amatsogolera nyimbo / katswiri wa guitar Deryck Whibley anayamba chibwenzi pamene Lavigne anali ndi zaka 19, atakhala mabwenzi kuyambira ali ndi zaka 17. Mu June 2005, Whibley adamuuza. Okwatiranawo anakwatirana pa July 15, 2006 ku Montecito, California . Pa October 9, 2009, Lavigne adasudzulana, adatulutsa mawu akuti, "Ndikuyamikira nthawi yathu pamodzi, ndipo ndikuthokoza ndikudalitsidwa chifukwa cha ubwenzi wanga." Chisudzulo chinathetsedwa pa November 16, 2010. + +Brody Jenner +Lavigne anayamba chibwenzi ndi Hills star Brody Jenner mu February 2010. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za chibwenzi, banjali linagawanika mu January 2012. + +Chad Kroeger +Lavigne adayamba kugonana ndi mchimwene wina wa ku Canada, dzina lake Chad Kroeger , woyang'anira gulu la Nickelback , mu July 2012. Chibwenzi chinakula pamene adayamba kugwira ntchito limodzi mu March 2012 kuti alembe ndi kulemba nyimbo za Lavigne album. Lavigne ndi Kroeger anayamba kugwirizana mu August 2012, patapita mwezi umodzi wokhala pachibwenzi. Okwatiranawo anakwatira ku Château de La Napoule, nyumba yomangidwa zakale zapakati pa nyanja ya Mediterranean kumwera kwa France, pa July 1, 2013 (yomwe ndi Canada Day ), itatha chaka chimodzi kukhala pamodzi. Iwo anali ndi ukwati wawo ku Portofino , Italy. Pa September 2, 2015, Lavigne adalengeza kuti akulekana ndi Kroeger kudzera mu akaunti yake ya Instagram . + +Thanzi +Mu April 2015, adawululira magazini ya People Magazini kuti adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a Lyme pambuyo pa kubadwa kwake kwa 30 mu 2014. Poyankha ndi Billboard m'mwezi womwewo, Lavigne adanena kuti ali ndi vutoli ndipo akufuna kuti adziwe za matendawa. + +Bungwe lothandizira + +Current members +Al Berry – bass guitar, backing vocals (2007–present) +Steve Ferlazzo – keyboard (2007–present) +Rodney Howard – drums, percussion (2007–present) +Dan Ellis – lead guitar, backing vocals (2013–present) +David Immerman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2013–present) + +Former members +Matt Brann – drums, percussion (2002–2007) +Jesse Colburn – rhythm guitar (2002–2004) +Mark Spicoluk – bass guitar, backing vocals (2002) +Evan Taubenfeld – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2004) +Charlie Moniz – bass guitar (2002–2007) +Devin Bronson – lead guitar, backing vocals (2004–2008) +Craig Wood – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2004–2007) +Jim McGorman – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2007–2013) +Steve Fekete – lead guitar, backing vocals (2008–2013) + +Filmography + +Discography + + Let Go (2002) + Pansi pa Khungu Langa (2004) + Best Damn Thing (2007) + Goodbye Lullaby (2011) + Avril Lavigne (2013) + Mutu Wapamwamba Pamadzi (2019) + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Esther Nyawa Lungu (anabadwa 2 June 1961) ndi Zambian chithunzi anthu ndi wandale amene wandigwira malo a Lady Choyamba Zambia kuyambira January 25, 2015. Iye ndi mkazi wa Pulezidenti wa Zambia Edgar Lungu . + +Makolo a Esther Lungu anabadwira, Agnes ndi Island Phiri, omwe adachokera ku Eastern Province . Lungu anakulira Chikatolika , koma iye ndi mwamuna wake tsopano akubatiza . Iye wakwatiwa ndi Edgar Lungu, yemwe ali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi, kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu. + +Mu 2015, iye anapita ku United States kukachita misonkhano yachidule ndi yazimayi ku George W. Bush Institute ku Dallas, Texas , ndi United Nations ku New York City . Lungu adalankhula ngati woyang'anira bungwe la Invest in Women ku Dallas, lomwe linayesedwa ndi Cherie Blair . + +Lungu wakhala akuyesetsa kuti asamangokwatirana naye monga Mkazi Woyamba. Iye ndi Pulezidenti komanso mlangizi wa Esther Lungu Foundation yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mwezi wa December 2015 kuti liwathandize amai ndi ana a Zambia. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Esther Lungu anabadwa pa 2 June, ku Agnes ndi ku Island Phiri, omwe anali ochokera ku Eastern Province . Lungu anakulira Chikatolika , koma iye ndi mwamuna wake tsopano akubatiza . Iye anati, "Pamene tinakumana koyamba, Edgar anatenga mabuku ake a UCZ pamene ndinali ndi mabuku anga a katekisimu, mpaka tinapeza mfundo zofanana mu chipembedzo cha Baptist." + +Maulendo a boma +Edgar Lungu adakhala mphunzitsi wamkulu mu 2011, Minister of Home Affairs pa 9 Julayi 2012 ndi Minister of Defense pa 24 December 2013 kuchokera ku United Party for National Development . Lungu adasankhidwa kukhala woyang'anira chipani cha Patriotic Front pa chisankho cha pulezidenti wa January 2015, pambuyo pa imfa ya Sata. Iye adagonjetsa mndandanda wa otsutsa ndipo analumbira monga Purezidenti wa Zambia pa 25 January 2015 ndi mkazi wake Esther anakhala Mkazi Woyamba wa Zambia . + +Pokhala Mkazi Woyamba, Esitere anali mbali ya maulendo ambiri a dziko limodzi ndi Purezidenti. Mchaka cha 2015, adapezeka pamsonkhano waukulu ku United States of America ndipo adayitanidwa ndi George W. Bush Institute kuti akambirane nawo pa msonkhano woyamba wa amayi ndikukambirana nkhani za mphamvu za amayi, zaumoyo ndi zamakono. Anapemphedwa ndi mtsogoleri wa zaumoyo wa Ufumu wa Saudi Arabia ndi Princess Princess Latifa Bint Abramzi Al Saud kuti akambirane chithandizo cha amayi ndi mapulogalamu a chithandizo cha ana ku Zambia. Monga gawo la ntchito yake yothandizira, anayambitsa Esther Lungu Foundation mu December 2015. + +Zosangalatsa +Mayi Woyamba Esther Lungu adayambitsa Foundation Trust yomwe ikufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha anthu osauka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbitsa umoyo wawo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zachikhalidwe komanso zachilengedwe. + +Esther Lungu Foundation Trust (ELFT) idzagwiritsa ntchito udindo wake kuthetsa nkhani zokhuza mphamvu zachuma , za amayi, za ana komanso zachisawawa , komanso zachilengedwe makamaka madzi ndi ukhondo. ELFT ikufuna kukhala ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zathanzi, azachuma ndi anthu ku Zambia kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko cha umoyo ndi chuma cha anthu osauka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina zokhudzana ndi kugonana ndi njira zogwirizana. + +Esther Lungu Foundation Trust (ELFT) mothandizidwa ndi Muslim Social and Welfare Trust (MSWT) adayika mapampu a manja ndi malo ambiri m'dera la Chongwe . Chigawochi chinali kuyang'aniridwa ndi madzi ochepa pamene malo okhala mumtsinje wa Chongwe adachepetsedwa. Maziko ake adayambanso kufotokozera mabanja omwe ali otetezeka kuti athe kulimbikitsa amayi kuthetsa umphawi m'dzikoli. Mazikowo adayambanso kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mautumiki a Zomangamanga ndi Maphunziro Akuluakulu kuti athandize ana kupita kusukulu. Monga mbali ya zoyesayesa zowonjezera thanzi la ana, adapempha kuti agwiritse ntchito sopo m'manja monga momwe chizolowezichi chingachepetsere m'modzi mwa atatu aliwonse omwe amatsekula m'mimba. Estere wakhala akupitiriza kufotokoza maganizo ake poonjezera umoyo wa amayi achikulire m'dzikoli. Anapereka bungwe la amayi okwana 30,000 mpaka asanu ndi limodzi m'dziko la Chilanga kuti alangizidwe. Esther adayamikira mwamuna wake posankha mkazi kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa Purezidenti, woyamba mwa mtundu wake m'mbiri ya Zambia. Anaganizira kuti chizindikiro cha mphamvu za amayi m'dzikoli. Zigawo zina zamalonda zatsutsa udindo wake kuntchito monga chidziwitso cha mwamuna wake mu chisankho cha pulezidenti, koma mlanduwu watsutsidwa kwambiri ndi Patriotic Front. + +Chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa ndi mavuto a anthu omwe ali osatetezeka m'madera a Olimpiki apaderadera adamupatsa mtsogoleri wa 50 Wachikondwerero ku Africa, mu September 2017, patsiku la chikondwerero cha 50 cha "Olympic Academy" yomwe idakonzedwa ndi Zambia ku Olympic Youth Development Center (OYDC) . + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Anabadwa mu 1961 +Mazimayi ba ku Zambia muma politics +Mazimayi mu Zambia +Lily Tembo (November 20, 1981 – September 14, 2009), wodziwika bwino ndi dzina lake Lily T, anali woimba wa ku Zambia, wofalitsa wailesi, mtolankhani ndi wogwira ntchito zachikondi amene adalandira chisangalalo cha dziko ndi 2004 Lily T. Kwa album iyi, adalandira mphoto ziwiri. + +Tembo anatulutsa Albums awiri ndipo anali kugwira ntchito pachitatu pa nthawi ya imfa yake. Kuwonjezera pa kuimba, amadziwika kuti akuwonekera pa FM Radio 5 ku Zambia, akugwira ntchito monga wolemba nkhani ndikugwira nawo ntchito yothandizira. + +Chiyambi +Tembo anabadwira ku Kabwe, Zambia, ndipo anakulira m'banja lokonda nyimbo. Waphunzitsidwa ndi bambo ake, omwe adasewera ku Africa, ndi alongo ake ndi amayi ake omwe anaimba mu tchalitchi. Tembo adapita kusukulu ya sekondale ku Sukulu ya Atsikana a Kabulonga ku Lusaka, likulu la Zambia. Pambuyo pake, adachita ntchito yofalitsa uthenga ku Evelyn Hone College. + +Tembo inatulukira ku msika wa nyimbo mu 2004 ndi album Lily T, yomwe idayamba ntchito yake ndipo inamuyendetsa dziko lonse. Anamasula album yake yachiŵiri mu 2006. Tembo nayenso anali wowerenga nkhani pa wailesi ya 5, wailesi yomwe ili ku Lusaka, Zambia. + +Atapambana mphoto imodzi, adadziwika ndi BBC Africa ngati wotchuka kwambiri wa ku Africa amene adakhalapo pachiyambi kwa zipangizo zachikhalidwe. + +Ntchito yokondweretsa +Lily adalimbikitsa kulengeza za malungo ku Zambia. Mu April 2009, adatsogolera olambira pa tsiku lachikumbutso cha malungo ku Lusaka. + +Imfa +Pambuyo kudandaula pa "zowawa zazing'ono m'mimba" ndi mavuto aakulu gastritis, Tembo anamwalira 6:30 PM, September 14 pa zaka 27. Zomwe adayankha zinadabwa, popeza adali akucheza ndi mafani pa Facebook pa September 11. + +Mlongo wa Tembo Patience adalengeza kuti "Ali ndi gastritis, adadwala Loweruka... Amasanza kwambiri ndipo amayamba kuchepa kwa magazi. Lolemba kuzungulira maola 19:00, anamwalira". + +Discography + + Lily T (2004) + Osalila (2006) + +Mphoto ndi zosankhidwa + +Zolemba + +Mazimayi mu Zambia +Anabadwa mu 1981 +Anamwalira mu 1981 +Paul Chilupe Banda (wobadwa pa 17 Juni 1989), wodziwika bwino monga Just Slim ndi woimba wa Zambia, wolemba nyimbo , Wopanga nyimbo ndi disc jockey . Paulo ndi wolimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi HIV / AIDS ndi Ambassador kwa Abale for Life Kampeni ku Zambia . Iye adayamba ndi ine mmodzi yemwe adatulutsidwa pa December 1, 2010 limodzi ndi Wachelwa wina yemwe adatulutsidwa tsiku lomwelo komanso onse awiri omwe ali ndi ma TV MTV , Myself ndi HIV . + +Nyimbo zoyambirira +Slim's nyimbo ntchito inayamba mu 2007 ngati wolemba ndi wolemba nyimbo . Anapanga chigamulo chake choyamba mu December 2010 ndi dzina lake loyamba lomwe limatchedwa "ME" lomwe linatsatira masewera osiyanasiyana. Iye adalembanso nyimbo zoyambirira, monga " Best of Me " ( Kuthamanga ) ndi " Kupyolera mu Wire " ( Kanye West ). + +Ntchito ya nyimbo +Paul adaimba nyimbo yake yoyamba ndi mmodzi yemwe anatulutsidwa mu December 2010, dzina lake Me. Mu Meyi 2012, nyimbo YANGA inayikidwa ngati gawo la tepi yojambulidwa yotchedwa "Umboni: Mixtape" yomwe inaphatikizapo chivundikiro cha reggae cha "Best of Me" ya Tyrese kuchokera ku Album Yoyenera Kuitana . + +Iye adagwira ntchito ya woyang'anira nyimbo ku Zambia Awards Winning TV Drama Series: Love Games yomwe inakambidwa ndi Media 365 kudzera mu Financial and Technical Support kuchokera ku National HIV / AIDS Council ya Boma la Republic of Zambia komanso United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) ndi Pulezidenti wa United States wa Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief-Financial Support Support for Health project. + +Paul akugwira ntchito yatsopano ndi wofalitsa, Shom-C . + +Moyo waumwini +Paulo anabadwa pa June 17, 1989 ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi , koma sanadziwe mpaka atatsala pang'ono kufika 15. + +Mu 2003, adapezeka kuti ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu ndipo adachiritsidwa atalandira mankhwala. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi, TB inawonjezereka, chitukuko chomwe chinachititsa madokotala kuti alangize kuti Paul, amene anali kusukulu ya sekondale, ayambe kukayezetsa HIV. Pokhala ndi malingaliro kuti sanakhalepo ndi chibwenzi chilichonse, adapeza mfundo za dokotalayo zikudodometsa kwambiri. Izi zinapatsa amayi ake mwayi wowulula za HIV . Atalandira uphungu wina wamayi, Paulo adagwirizana kuti apite kukayezetsa kachirombo ka HIV komwe kunakhala koyipa koma ndi chitetezo chochepa cha thupi lomwe CD4 yake inaliyiyi . + +Anaganiza zowonekera poyera kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti ngati atayankhulapo ndi munthu yemwe angamugwiritse ntchito komanso kuti adziwe mtundu wa tsankho omwe ali nawo omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV / amasonyeza kuti ali ndi HIV. + +Mphoto +2013 - Chilimbikitso cha Chilimbikitso & Mphoto Yopereka - Ministry of Education + +Nyimbo zosankhidwa + + "Pon Replay" + "Dziwani malo anu" ft. B Flow + "Wachelwa" + "Ine" + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Anabadwa mu 1989 +Mirriam Mukape (wobadwa 4 August 1986), ndi woimba wa Zambian Pop ndi R & B yemwe amachititsa pansi pa dzina lake Mampi . Nyimbo zake ndi kwaito ndipo reggae anauziridwa. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Mampi anabadwira ku Lusaka pa 4 August 1986. Anayamba kuimba mu tchalitchi ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Anapita ku Muyooma Basic School, Libala High School , ndi Springfields Coaching Center ku Lusaka. + +Amayi anamwalira ndi khansara ali ndi zaka 14 ndipo patapita zaka zingapo ali ndi zaka 16, bambo ake ndi mchimwene wake adaphedwa ndi zomwe mimbayo sanadziwulule. + +Moyo unasintha kwambiri kwa Mampi. Nthawi zina ankapeza kuti alibe nyumba ndipo sanathe kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ake. Amatchula pemphero ndi kutengedwera ndi mlongo wa mzanga monga chomwe chinamupangitsa kupyola mu nthawi yovuta pamoyo wake. + +Nyimbo ndi ntchito + +Panali nthawi ya imfa ya mchimwene wake ndi bambo ake, Mampi adapezedwa ndi woimba nyimbo ndipo anasaina zolemba mu 2003. Anamasula Album yake yoyamba Maloza mu 2005. Zinaphatikizapo nyimbo "Sunshya", yomwe adachita kuti ayambe kuonekera pa Television Zambia . Album yake yachiwiri, Chimo ni chimo , inatulutsidwa mu 2007. Iye anachita ku Namibia nthawi yoyamba mu 2012, ku Windhoek . + +Mu 2012 anatulutsa nyimbo ina Natural Born Star. + +Mchaka cha 2015 woimba nyimbo wa Chipwitikizi, Luyanna, adatulutsidwa ndi Mampi's hit Walilowelela . Njirayi imakhalabe ndi Mampi kuimba mizere ku Bemba ndi Nyanja pomwe Luyanna akuimba mzere wina mu Chipwitikizi. + +Msewu womwe unkayenda ndi kanema yomwe idakutsogozedwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha African. Ngakhale kuti sanawoneke pa vidiyoyi ndi Luyanna, awiriwa adawoneka mu kanema ya nyimbo ya nyimbo yatsopano yomwe inatulutsidwa kale, Chifukwa cha Mampi. + +Mu December 2017 Mampi anamasulira imodzi ya "Nyula Yako" kuchokera ku album yomwe ikubwera kuti idzatulutsedwe mu 2018 ya mutu womwewo. Nyumba yovina idasindikizidwa inali ndi kanema. + +Mwezi womwewo Mampi adalumikizana ndi stellar line of African musicians kuphatikizapo South Africa Mphoto kukondwerera DJ Black Coffee kutseka chaka pa Vic Falls Carnival + +Big Brother Africa +Mampi anali wotsutsa pa nyengo yachisanu ndi chiwiri ya Big Brother Africa 7 monga mmodzi wa anthu olemekezeka a panyumba pa nthawi yachisanu ndi chiwiri ya Big Brother Africa StarGame. Mampi anathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku Big Brother Africa pa 27 May 2012; iye anali m'nyumba kwa masiku 21. + +Zolemba + +Anabadwa mu 1986 +Anthu amoyo +Oliver "Tuku" Mtukudzi (22 September 1952 - 23 Januwari 2019) anali woimba wa Zimbabwe , wamalonda, wopereka ufulu , wolondera ufulu wa anthu ndi Ambassador Wachifundo wa UNICEF ku Southern Africa . Tuku ankadziwika kuti wakhala chikhalidwe chodziwika kwambiri pa dziko lonse la Zimbabwe. + +Zithunzi +Mtukudzii anakulira ku Highfield, m'dziko la Harare, m'dziko la Zimbabwe ndipo anayamba kuchita mu 1977 pamene adalowa m'gulu la Wagon Wheels, lomwe linagwiranso ntchito Thomas Mapfumo ndi James Chimombe . Mmodzi wawo Dzandimomotera anapita ku golide ndi Album yoyamba ya Tuku ikutsatiridwa, yomwe inalinso yopambana kwambiri. Mtukudzi amathandizanso Mahube, "Southern". + +Imfa +Pa 23 January 2019, Mtukudzi anamwalira ali ndi zaka 66 ku Kliniki ya Avenues ku Harare, Zimbabwe. + +Discography + +Albums + + 1978 Ndipeiwo Zano (womasulidwa kachiwiri 2000) + 1979 Choonadi Chidzatuluka + 1979 Muroi Ani? + 1980 Africa (yomasulidwa kachiwiri 2000) + 1981 Shanje + 1981 Pfambi + 1982 Maungira + 1982 Chonde Ndapota + 1983 Njala + 1983 Mafuta Opambana a Oliver + 1984 Hwema Handirase + 1985 Mhaka + 1986 Gona + 1986 zauya bwanji? + 1987 Wawona + 1988 Nyanga Nyanga + 1988 Strange, sichoncho? + 1988 Shuga Pie + 1989 Nkhani ya Agogo aakazi + 1990 Chikonzi + 1990 Pss Pss Hallo! + 1990 Mawu + 1991 Mutorwa + 1992 Rombe + 1992 Rumbidzai Yehova + 1992 Neria Soundtrack ''' + 1993 Mwana wa Africa + 1994 Ziwere MuKobenhavn + 1995 anali mwana wanga + 1996 Svovi yanga + 1995 Zina Kumbali: Khalani ku Switzerland + 1995 Ivai Navo + 1997 Ndega Zvangu ( womasulidwa kachiwiri 2001) + 1997 Chinangwa + 1998 Dzangu Dziye + 1999 Tuku Music + 2000 Paivepo + 2001 Neria + 2001 Bvuma (Kupirira) + 2002 Shanda soundtrack + 2002 Vhunze Moto + 2003 Shanda ( Alula Records ) + 2003 Tsivo (Kubwezera) + 2004 Zopambana Zoposa Zambiri Zaka Tuku + 2004 Mtukudzi Collection 1991-1997 + 2004 Mtukudzi Collection 1984-1991 + 2005 Nhava (Kupirira) + 2006 Wonai + 2007 Tsimba Itsoka + 2008 Dairai (Amakhulupirira) + 2010 Rudaviro + 2010 Kutsi Kwemoyo (compilation) + 2011 Rudaviro + 2011 Abi'angu (Duets of My Time) + Sarawoga - Sarawoga akulira maliro omwe nthanoyo idakakamizika kupirira pamoyo wake, osati imfa. Kotero iye wasiya 'yekha' mwanjira ina, kotero mutu Sarawoga (anasiya yekha). + 2014 Mukombe Wemvura + 2016 Mulungu Akudalitseni - Uthenga Wabwino + 2016 Eheka Nhai Yahwe! + Hanani 2018 + + Kupatsa ojambula + + 1996 Buku Lopusa kwa Nyimbo za Zimbabwe ( World Music Network ) + 1999 Unwired: Acoustic Music kuchokera Padziko Lonse (World Music Network) + 2000 Unwired: Africa (World Music Network) + + Filmography + + Jit (dir. Michael Raeburn, 1990) + Neria (dir. Goodwin Mawuru, lolembedwa ndi Tsitsi Dangarembga , 1993). Mtukudzi adayang'anitsitsa mu kanema ndikupanga soundtrack. + Shanda (dir. John ndi Louise Riber, 2002, rev. 2004) + Sarawoga'' , 2009, linalembedwa ndi Elias C. Machemedze, wotsogoleredwa ndi Watson Chidzomba ndipo adalembedwa ndi Oliver Mtukudzi, yemwe adawonetsanso filimuyo. + 2012 Nzou NeMhuru Mudanga DVD, yomwe ikuwonetserako masewero, zomwe Tuku anali nazo ndi mwana wake milungu ingapo asanamwalire. + +Zolemba + +Imfa ya mu 2019 +1952 Kubadwa +Joseph Jason Namakaeha Momoa (wobadwa pa August 1, 1979) ndi wojambula wa ku America, wolemba, wojambula filimu, wotsogolera ndi chitsanzo. Iye amadziwika kuti akuwonetsa Aquaman mu dziko la DC Extended , kuyambira mu 2016 filimu ya superhero Batman ndi Superman: Dawn of Justice , ndi pa 2017 pamodzi Justice League ndi film yake 2018 solo Aquaman . Iye ankadziwikanso kuti maudindo TV wake monga Ronon Dex pa asilikali yopeka TV onena Stargate Atlantis (2004-2009), Khal Drogo mu HBO zongopeka TV onena Game ya mipando (2011-2012) ndipo monga Declan Zeze mu Netflix mndandanda Frontier (2016-alipo). + +Ntchito + +Mu 1998, Momoa adapezedwa ndi wogulitsa dziko lonse Takeo Kikuchi, yemwe adalimbikitsa ntchito yake yachitsanzo . Momoa adagonjetsa chitsanzo cha Hawaii chaka cha 1999 ndipo anakumana ndi mpikisano wa Miss Teen Hawaii. Pa zaka 19, iye ankagwira ganyu pa mafunde shopu asanakhale kuponyedwa mu ntchito sewero mndandanda Baywatch Hawaii , pamene anaonekera monga Jason Ioane (1999-2001). +Anthu amoyo +Batman ndi chiwonetsero chachinyengo chomwe chikuwonekera m'mabuku achikatolika achi America omwe amafalitsidwa ndi DC Comics . Chikhalidwecho chinapangidwa ndi wojambula Bob Kane ndi wolemba Bill Finger , ndipo poyamba anawonekera Detective Comics # 27, mu 1939. Poyambirira amatchulidwa kuti "Bat-Man", chikhalidwecho chimatchulidwanso ndi zochitika monga Caped Crusader, Dark Knight , ndi Detective Greatest Detective. + +Batman +Bodyline, amatchedwanso kudya mwendo chiphunzitso boling'i, anali cricketing njira apanga ndi timu Cricket English awo 1932-33 Phulusa ulendo wa Australia , makamaka kulimbana zodabwitsa batting luso la Australia ndi Don Bradman . Kupereka malire kumodzi kunali komwe mpira wa cricket unagwedezeka pa thupi la anthu otchuka , poganiza kuti pamene adzitetezera ndi mfuti yake, zotsatira zake zikhoza kugwidwa ndi mmodzi mwa anthu ogwira ntchito m'munda pafupi. + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Mapepala a 1933 Phulusa la phulusa limene bowling bodyline limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Don Bradman + The Bodyline Series Zolemba zoyambirira kuchokera ku The Times + Bodyline Series   - State Library ya NSW +Don Bardman +Maureen Mwanawasa (wobadwa pa 28 April, 1963 Kabwe , Zambia ) ndi nduna ya Zambia ndi wakale woyamba wa Zambia kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2008. Iye ndi mkazi wamasiye wa Pulezidenti wakale Levy Mwanawasa , yemwe adamwalira mu 2008. + +Zithunzi +Pofika chaka cha 2006, Mwanawasa adawoneka ngati woyenera kukhala pulezidenti wa dziko, koma pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake sanapereke mwayi wokhala wovomerezeka kuimira gulu la mwamuna wake mu chisankho . Komabe, iye adagonjetsa mwadzidzidzi Michael Sata wa Patriotic Front pamene adam'patsa ulemu pamaliro a mwamuna wake, zomwe zinachititsa Sata kukakamizika kupita kumalo. + +Iye ndi Purezidenti wakale wa bungwe la African Women First Against the HIV / AIDS ndi woyambitsa wa Maureen Mwanawasa Community Initiative (MMCI) mu 2002. Analinso mwiniwake wa Mwanawasa & Company, lawimake ya mwamuna wake, mpaka adalowa ndale ndikusiya ntchito yake yachinsinsi. + +Mwanawasa anali wa Mboni za Yehova , koma mu 2001 adachotsedwa kunja chifukwa chochita nawo ndale. + +Ndale +Mu May 2016, Mwanawasa adalengeza kuti adayitanitsa Mtsogoleri Wachigawo wa Lusaka mothandizidwa ndi United Party for National Development (UPND) mu chisankho cha 2016 chomwe chachitika pa August 11, 2016. Mwanawasa, yemwe adalemba mapepala ake osankhidwa pa May 30, 2016, adalandira zotsalira za Pulezidenti wakale ndi Vicezidenti Guy Scott , komanso omwe kale anali aphungu a Sylvia Masebo ndi Obvious Mwaliteta Iye analonjeza kuti azidzatha kuphulika kwa cholera mumzindawu komanso kusowa kwa madzi ngati atasankhidwa. Mwanawasa adalonjezanso kuti azisambitsa zitsamba zosatha ndi zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosonkhanitsira zinyalala, akuti, "Kulikonse komwe mumayang'ana ku Lusaka, pali zonyansa ndipo izi ziyenera kusintha kuyambira sabata lino. Palibe njira yomwe mzinda wathu wokongola ungayandire pa zinyalala. . . Makhalidwe osungira zonyansa osasankhidwa mumzinda wa Lusaka ndi owopsya. Pamene muli pamisewu ya Lusaka, mumayang'ana kumadzulo mumawona zinyalala, mumayang'ana kum'maŵa mukuwona zinyalala, mumayang'ana chakumpoto, ndi zinyalala, mumayang'ana kum'mwera ndi zinyalala. Izi sizilandiridwa. Kodi mungakonde ngati nyumba yanu yodzala ndi zinyalala ndipo pali fungo loyipa pozungulira? Yankho ndilo ayi. Tiyenera kusunga ukhondo ndikukhala wathanzi komanso oyenera. Ndi udindo wathu kusunga mzinda wathu osati kwa ife okha, komanso kwa anthu omwe akuchezera mzinda wathu komanso mibadwo yotsatira. " + +Mwanawasa adasankha chigawo chachiwiri ku chisankho cha Mayaka pa August 11, kutaya wokondedwa wa Patriotic Front (PF), Wilson Kalumba. Kalumba adagonjetsa chisankho ndi mavoti 270,161, pamene Mwanawasa anabwera pamalo achiwiri ndi mavoti 150,807. + +Zolemba + +Mazimayi mu Zambia +Mazimayi ba ku Zambia muma politics +Anthu amoyo +1963 kubadwa +Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (3 September 1948 - 19 August 2008) anali Pulezidenti wachitatu wa Republican wa Zambia . Iye analamulira dziko kuyambira mu January 2002 mpaka imfa yake mu August 2008. Mwanawasa akuyamika kuti adayambitsa ndondomeko yothetsera vutoli ku Zambia pa nthawi yake. Asanasankhe chisankho cha Mwanwasa, adakhala wotsatilazidenti kuyambira 1992 kufikira 1994 pamene adakhalapo Mmodzi wa chipani cha chipani cha Chifubu . + +Moyo wakale ndi ntchito yalamulo +Mwanawasa anabadwira mu Mufulira , Northern Rhodesia , monga wachiwiri mwa ana khumi. Iye anali ndi digiri yalamulo kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Zambia . Anagwira ntchito m'maofesi alamulo apadera kuyambira 1974 mpaka 1978 pamene adakhazikitsa yekha: Mwanawasa & Company. Mu 1985, Mwanawasa adagwira ntchito ngati Solicitor General ku boma la Zambia koma adabwerera ku ntchito yaumwini mu 1986.   +Mu 1989, adatsogolera gulu la chitetezo chalamulo kwa Lt. Gen Christon Tembo , yemwe adaimbidwa mlandu ndi boma la Kenneth Kaunda lopandukira boma, lomwe linayesedwa ngati chiwonongeko choyenera chilango cha imfa; Tembo adagonjetsedwa ndi boma, ndipo mbiri ya Mwanawasa pakati pa otsutsa a Kaunda inakula. Pambuyo pa Frederick Chiluba asankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti, adasankha Mwanawasa kukhala Vice-Presidenti mu December 1991. Mwanawasa adachoka pa March 1992. + +Ngozi +Pamsonkhano wake usanachitike mu 1990, Mwanawasa adasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wa Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), koma anakana kufotokozera, kunena kuti anali wamng'ono komanso wosadziŵa zambiri.   M'malo mwake anaganiza kuyima ngati phungu ndipo anapambana ndi namtindi wa anthu ambiri akuzikhulupirira. + +Pa 8 December 1991 Mwanawasa anachita ngozi yaikulu yamsewu pomwe adathandizi ake anamwalira pomwepo. Anapweteka mthupi mwambiri ndipo anathamangira ku Johannesburg , South Africa kukachiritsidwa. Anakhalabe m'chipatala kwa miyezi itatu. Zotsatira zowopsa za ngoziyi ndizinthu zowonongeka. A commission of inquiry anakhazikitsidwa kuti afufuze yemwe anali ndi mlandu woweruza zakupha. + +Ndale +Mwanawasa adakhala Vice-Presidenti kufikira atasiya ntchito mu 1994. Mu 1996 adatsutsana ndi Chiluba kuti adziwotchedwe ndi Movement for Multiparty Democracy . Mwanayo atamwalira, Mwanawasa adachoka ku ndale mpaka chisankho cha 2001. + +Chisankho cha 2001 +Mu August 2001, Komiti Yachigawo Yachigawo ya MMD inasankha Mwanawasa kukhala mtsogoleri wa pulezidenti wa chisankho cha 2001 . Anapambana chisankho, chomwe chinachitika pa 27 December 2001, ndi 29% chifukwa cha kalembera Zambia, posankha anthu ena khumi ndi awiri kuphatikizapo adindo ena awiri ( formerly Godfrey Miyanda ndi Gen. Christon Tembo ); Anderson Mazoka adakhala wachiwiri ndi 27%, malinga ndi zotsatira zake. Mwanawasa anagwira ntchito pa 2 January 2002. Komabe, zotsatira za chisankhozo zinatsutsana ndi maphwando akuluakulu otsutsa, kuphatikizapo Mazoka a United Party for National Development , omwe ambiri akudzinenera kuti adapambana chisankho. Owonetsa chisankho ndi maiko onse omwe adasankhidwa ndi maiko akunja adawonetsa zochitika zazikuluzikulu ndi chisankho ndi chisankho, kuphatikizapo kugula mavoti, kulembera mavoti olakwika, kusalidwa kwa anthu osagwirizana ndi zosayenera, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa kwa MMD. Mu January 2002, anthu atatu otsutsawo anapempha Khoti Lalikulu kuti ligonjetse Mwanawasa. Ngakhale khotilo linavomereza kuti chisankhocho chinali cholakwika, chidalamulira mu February 2005 kuti zolakwikazo sizinakhudze zotsatirazo ndipo anakana pempholi. + +Nthawi yoyamba monga purezidenti +Mu February 2002, boma Mwanawasa zinadula chisamani defamation mlandu Zambia Post mkonzi Fred M'membe ndi chitsutso Wopanga malamulo Dipak Patel kuti nkhani yomwe M'membe tamutchula Patel ngati kuitana Mwanawasa ndi " kabichi ", ndi Buku zikuoneka kuti kuvulala wake. + +Komabe, mwanawasa anafotokoza kuti akufuna kuyambitsa "chiyanjano cha dziko lonse", Mwanawasa adasankha akuluakulu a malamulo otsutsa aphungu ake mu February 2003, kuphatikizapo Patel wa FDD monga Pulezidenti wa Zamalonda, Zamalonda, ndi Makampani, ndi Sylvia Masebo wa ZRP monga Mtumiki wa Boma. Komabe, Godfrey Miyanda, mwiniwake wa otsutsa, adatsutsa kusuntha ndipo adaopseza kuti apereke mlandu pa izo. + +Mu Januwale 2005, Mwanawasa adapepesa kudziko chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi umphawi wa Zambia. Pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya anthu a m'dzikoli amakhala osachepera $ 1 patsiku, United Nations 'chizindikiro cha umphaŵi wadzaoneni. + +Anasankhidwa kukhala Pulezidenti wa MMD kwa zaka zisanu mu 2005. + +Chisankho cha 2006 +Mwanawasa anathamangira kwa nthawi yachiwiri mu chisankho cha pulezidenti womwe unachitikira pa 28 September 2006. Michael Sata wa Fuko Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ankaonedwa kuti ndi amene ankamuvutitsa kwambiri. Chisankho chake chinatsimikiziridwa pa 2 Oktoba; Malingana ndi zotsatira zake, adalandira mavoti 42.98%. Iye analumbirira mu liwu lina pa 3 Oktoba. Patangotha masiku angapo, adatcha nduna yatsopano ndikuika Rupiah Banda kukhala Vice-Presidenti. +1948 kubadwa +Pulezidenti wa Zambia +Vice Pulezidenti wa Zambia +Circus ndi msewu mbiri lalikulu townhouses mu mzinda wa Bath, Somerset , England , kupanga bwalo ndi zipata zitatu. Chinapangidwa ndi otchuka wamanga John Wood, Wamkulu , izo inayambika mu 1754, anamaliza mu 1768, ndipo ankamuona ngati chitsanzo chachikulu koposa a zomangamanga Chijojiya . Dzina limachokera ku Latin 'circus', kutanthauza mphete, oval kapena bwalo. Yakhala yosankhidwa ngati nyumba yowonjezeredwa. + +Circus imagawidwa m'magulu atatu a kutalika kwake, ndi udzu pakati. Gawo lirilonse likuyang'ana limodzi la masitepe atatu, kutsimikizira kuti nkhope yapamwamba nthawizonse imayikidwa molunjika kutsogolo. + +Mbiri + +Circus, yomwe poyamba inatchedwa King's Circus , inapangidwa ndi wokonza mapulani John Wood, Mkulu . Anatsimikiza kuti Bath anali malo oyambirira a ntchito ya Druid ku Britain, Wood omwe anagwidwa ndi Stonehenge , omwe ali ndi ku outer bank bank, ndipo adapanga Circus ndi kuti azitsanzira izi. + +Wood anafa pasanathe miyezi itatu kuchokera pamene mwala woyamba unayikidwa; mwana wake, John Wood, Wamng'ono , adamaliza ntchitoyi popanga mapangidwe a abambo ake. Ndalama zoyamba za kumwera kwakumadzulo zinaperekedwa mu 1755-1767, gawo lakumwera chakummawa mu 1762-1766, ndi gawo la kumpoto mu 1764-1766. + +Kupanga +Malamulo atatu a m'Chikatolika (Greek Doric , Roman / Composite ndi Korinto ) amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pamwamba pa zina, muzithunzi zam'mbali zokongola. The frieze wa Doric entablature ali chokongoletsedwa ndi alternating triglyphs ndi 525 zithunzi zizindikiro, kuphatikizapo njoka, zizindikiro kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi, zipangizo woimira zaluso ndi masayansi, ndi zizindikiro masonic . The kampanda ili ndi mwala Kanthanga finials . + +Poyang'ana kuchokera mlengalenga, Circus, pamodzi ndi Queens Square ndi Gay Street yomwe ikugwirizana nawo, amapanga mawonekedwe ofunikira, omwe ndi chizindikiro cha masonic chofanana ndi chokongoletsera nyumba zambiri za Wood. + +Chigawo chapakati chinali ndi miyala yokhala ndi miyala, yomwe inali pakhomo lomwe linapereka madzi ku nyumba. Mu 1800 anthu ozungulira Circus adalumikiza mbali yapakatikati ya malo osatsegula ngati munda. Tsopano, dera lapakatili liri udzu pamwamba ndipo liri kunyumba kwa mitengo yakale ya ndege . + +Zolemba + +Malemba + + Michael Forsyth, Bath , Pevsner Architectural Guides, Yale University Press , 2003. + Jean Manco, The Hub of Circus: Mbiri ya misewu ya Circus, Bath ( Bath ndi North East Somerset Council 2004). +Crescents (zomangamanga) +Mpule Keneilwe Kwelagobe (wobadwa pa November 14, 1979) ndi mabizinesi a Botswanan, mzimayi wamalonda, chitsanzo, mfumukazi yapamwamba yemwe adawonedwa Miss Universe 1999 ndi Purezidenti wamakono wa Miss Universe Botswana Organization. Iye anali mzimayi wakuda waku Africa waku Africa kuti apambane mutu wapadziko lonse wokongola wokhala pamutu komanso dziko loyambirira loyambirapo pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi. Kwelagobe wakhala akudziwika kuti ndi wofuna kulera ufulu waumunthu, makamaka pa nkhondo yake yolimbana ndi HIV / AIDS ndi kulimbikitsa achinyamata ndi amayi kuti akhale ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza maphunziro opatsirana pogonana ndi ntchito. Iye ndi wothandizira a QuesS Capital LLC, ogwira ntchito paokha omwe ali ndi ndalama zothandizira ndalama , mphamvu zowonjezereka ndi ulimi ku Africa ndi South Asia . + +Miss Botswana +Mu August 1997, Kwelagobe anakhala mkazi wamng'ono kwambiri kuti apange korona wa Miss Botswana ali ndi zaka 17. Anali wophunzira wa sekondale ku Sukulu ya Secondary School ya Lobatse . Kwelagobe anayimira dziko lake ku Miss World pageant mu 1997 ku Mahe, Seychelles koma sanaikepo. Mu February 1999, adagonjetsa Mayi Miss Universe Botswana , kuti akhale mkazi woyamba kuti awononge Miss Botswana kawiri. Anali woyamba ku Miss Universe Botswana ndi amayi oyambirira a Botswana kuti atenge nawo mbali ya Miss Universe. + +A Miss Universe +Kwelagobe anafika ku Port of Spain pa May 5, 1999 kwa Miss Universe 1999 pageant, yomwe inachitika pa May 26 ku Chaguaramas Convention Center, Trinidad & Tobago . Anamenya nthumwi zina 84 kuti apambane tsamba la Miss Universe. Kwelagobe adakhala Mayi Wachifumu woyamba wochokera ku dziko loyambira kuyambira 1958. Iye anafika ku nyumba yake yatsopano ya New York City masiku awiri atatha kukongoledwa Miss Universe. Kwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wake ankakhala ku Trump Place ndipo ankagwira ntchito ku Trump Tower monga Donald Trump anali mwiniwake wa Miss Universe pageant pogwirizana ndi CBS .   +Pambuyo pa ulamuliro wake monga Miss Universe, Kwelagobe anakhala woimira Clairol . Masamba awiriwa pamasamba awiri adapezeka m'magazini ku US pamene Kwelagobe anali Miss Universe. Mu 2002, adakhala woyamba ku Miss Universe kulowa mu yunivesite ya Ivy League pambuyo pa ulamuliro wake. + +Mtsitsi wolowa manja +Mu 2000, Kwelagobe anasankhidwa kukhala ambassador wa Goodwill ndi bungwe la United Nations , ndikukambirana za achinyamata ndi HIV / AIDS . Pakati pa ena, adalankhula ndi Msonkhano wa Padziko Lonse pa Zomwe Zilikulimbikitsabe , Msonkhano Wolimbitsa Mayiko, Msonkhano wa Achinyamata Padziko Lonse ndi United States Congress (Komiti ya United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Financial Services). Kwelagobe inafotokoza za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha AIDS ku Africa ndipo idapempha lamulo lokhazikitsa bungwe la United Nations kuopewera AIDS. + +Mphoto +Mu 2001, Kwelagobe analemekezedwa ndi mphotho ya Jonathan Mann Health Human Award ndi International Association of Physicians mu AIDS Care (IAPAC). Analemekezedwa pamodzi ndi mkulu wa bungwe la European Commission HIV, Lieve Fransen . Mu 2003, anasankhidwa kukhala Mtsogoleri Wadziko Lonse Mtsogolo (GLT) ndi World Economic Forum , ndipo mu 2006, anasankhidwa ndi bungwe lomwelo monga Young Global Leader (YGL). + +Zochita zina +Mu 2015, Kwelagobe anasaina kalata lotseguka limene ONE Misonkhano anali kusonkhanitsa anasaina chifukwa; kalatayo inatumizidwa kwa Angela Merkel ndi Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma , powalimbikitsa kuti aziganizira za amai omwe akutsogolera G7 ku Germany ndi AU ku South Africa . + +Maphunziro +Kwelagobe ali ndi digiri ku Political Science ( International Politics ) kuchokera ku Columbia University ku New York City .   Iye akukhala pa bolodi wa Institute African kwa masamu Sciences , poto-African zopezera Center wa Bwino m'masayansi masamu linakhazikitsidwa ndi 2008 TED Prize wopambana ndi kwadzidzidzi wasayansi , Professor Neil Turok . + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Mpule Kwelagobe , Bungwe la UNFPA + Achinyamata Padziko Lonse + +Anthu amoyo +1979 kubadwa +Basel ndi mzinda ku dziko la Switzerland. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 171.513. + +Switzerland +Chigumula ndi zopeka parasitic mlendo moyo mawonekedwe mu Halo matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi chilolezo . Zimayambitsidwa mu sewero la vidiyo la 2001 la Halo: Zotsutsana Zasinthidwa , ndipo limabwereranso mndandanda wamakalata monga Halo 2 , Halo 3 , ndi Halo Wars . Chigumula chimakhudza moyo uliwonse wamtima wokwanira (koma osati kuphatikizapo Purple Aki ). Zilombo zokhudzana ndi chigumula, zomwe zimatchedwanso Chigumula, zimatengera ena magulu. Mankhwalawa amaonedwa ngati oopsya omwe Ambuyake akale ankadzipha okha ndi moyo wawo wonse mumlalang'amba poyesera kuti Chigumula chifalikire. + +Zolengedwa ndi zowonongeka za Chigumula zidatsogoleredwa ndi ojambula a Bungie a Robert McLees, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku masewera oyambirira a Bungie Marathon 2 . Mmene masewera oyambirirawo ankakhalira, Halo , yomwe inali yotchedwa ringworld, inachotsedwa ndi zolengedwa zake zambiri kuti zidabwitsenso kudabwitsa kwa Chigumula. Wojambula m'mabwinja a Bungie Vic DeLeon anakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyenera kupanga nthawi yowonetsera bwino chigumula cha mvula ndi kupanga mapangidwe ozungulira a zinyama zamtundu wa Halo   3 . + +Kupeza kwa osewera kwa Chigumula ku Halo: Kusinthasintha Kusinthika ndi chiwembu chachikulu, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zozizwitsa zomwe amaziwona bwino pamene atulutsidwa. Chigumula chinabwerera ku Halo   2 ndi Halo   3 sadatamandidwe molimbika. Zotsatira za Chigumula zasiyana. Ngakhale kuti ena adapeza kuti Chigumula chinachokera komanso chiphunzitso cha sayansi, ena amachiika pakati pa anthu ambiri omwe amasewera masewero a kanema. + +Development + +Chigumula chimasonyezedwa ngati thupi lachilengedwe lomwe limakhudza moyo uliwonse wokhala ndi kukula kokwanira. Fomu yaikulu kwambiri yomwe ilipo yomwe Chigumula chikhoza kudzipangitsa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zina ndi "mawonekedwe a matenda". Mitundu iyi imayang'ana mabungwe akukhala kapena akufa, kuyesa kuyendetsa mipeni yowopsa ndikulowa mumatope. Woperewerayo sangathe kusokonezeka pamene mawonekedwe a kachilomboka amalowa mu thupi la alendo ndipo amayamba kusintha, ndikubweretsa wokhala nawo pansi pa chigumula. Malinga ndi kukula kwa thupi, mawonekedwe a matendawa amachititsa kuti munthu wosaukayo apite ku mitundu yambiri yapadera mu kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka chakudya china. Magulu akuluakulu amatembenuzidwira kukhala mawonekedwe a nkhondo, omwe amakula miyendo yaitali ya mkwapulo, pamene kudya ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito kumasandulika kukhala opangira mafomu ambiri. Chigumula chimapanganso mawonekedwe otchedwa "malingaliro ofunika" kuti athetse mgwirizano; Izi zikuphatikizirapo kusintha kwa chisinthiko, chomwe chimatchedwa " Manda ". + +Maonekedwe + +Masewera +Chigumula chimayambira koyamba kupyola pakati pa Halo: Combat Evolved , mu nkhani ya "343 Guilty Spark". Gulu la anthu lomwe likuthawa adaniwo Pangano la Pangano pa " Halo ", ringworld yokhazikika ndi mlendo Wowonongeka . Cortana ali ndi nzeru zouluka akutumizira mkulu wa abambo wamkulu kuti apeze mtsogoleri wawo, Jacob Keyes , amene adatayika mumsasa ndikufunafuna chida cha zida. Mbuye Wamkulu akupeza kuti Pangano lawamasula mwangozi Chigumula. Masewera a Keyes adasandulika kukhala asilikali kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pamene makiyi amafunsidwa ndi Chigumula pofuna kuyesa malo a Dziko lapansi ndipo potsirizira pake amadziwika. Kuwonekera kwa Chigumula kumapangitsa nzeru ya Halo kuti asamalire 343 Cholakwa cha Spark kupempha chithandizo cha Mbuye Wamkulu poyambitsa chitetezo cha Halo ndi kuteteza Chigumula. Pamene Master Chief amvela kuti mphamvu Halo kuti m'malo kupukuta gulu la moyo wozindikira kuteteza kufala Chigumula, iye ndi Cortana detonate munthu chombo Lawi la injini Yophukira ' kuononga mphete ndi kuteteza Chigumula kuthaŵa. + +Chigumula chimabwerera ku Halo 2 (2004), kuonekera pa mphete ina ya Halo yotchedwa " Delta Halo ". Chigumula cha Delta Halo chimatsogoleredwa ndi Manda, chidziwitso chachikulu cha Chigumula chomwe chimakhala mu matumbo a mphete. Mkulu wamkuru amasonkhanitsa pamodzi Mbuye Wopambana ndi Pangano Wopatulika woyera wotchedwa Arbiter ndipo amawagwira ntchito poletsa utsogoleri wa Pangano kuchotsa mphetezo. Pakalipano, Gravemind akuwombera sitimayo yaumunthu Mu Amber Clad ndikumangokhalira kumalo osungirako chipangano cha High Charity . Pomwepo, Chigumula chimadutsa kudutsa mumzindawu, ndipo Gravemind adatenga Cortana. Pamene Chigumula chifalikira, Pangano limapanga chitetezo pofuna kuteteza tizilombo kuti tisachoke kundende. + +Chigumula chimabweranso mumsasa wa Halo 3 wa "Floodgate", wokwera ngalawa yowonongeka yomwe imatha kuthawa ku Delta Halo. Ngakhale kuti infestation ya Padziko lapansi imaletsedwa, Master Chief ndi Arbiter amapanga mgwirizano wokhudzana ndi Chigumula kuti athetse kuyika kwa mphete zonse za Halo ku malo otsogolera omwe amadziwika kuti Likasa. Chiopsezo chitayimitsidwa, Mng'oma amatembenukira pa iwo. Mbuye Wamkulu akumenyera njira yake kupita pakati pa High Charity , akumasula Cortana ndikuwononga mzindawo, koma Gravemind amayesa kudzimanganso pa Halo yomwe ikukumangidwa pa Likasa. Podziwa kuti kuyendetsa mpheteyo kuwononga chigumula chokha chifukwa cha Likasa kunja kwa Milky Way, Chief Chief, Arbiter, ndi Cortana amapita ku chipinda cholamulira cha Halo, atseke mphete, ndi kuthawa. Manda akuwachenjeza kuti kugonjetsedwa kwake kungachedwetse Chigumula, osati kuimitsa. + +Maonekedwe ena +Nthano ya 2006 The Halo Graphic Novel ikufotokoza za kumasulidwa kwa Chigumula pa zochitika za Halo: Zotsutsana Zomwe zinasinthidwa m'nkhani ziwiri, Ulendo wotsiriza wa Infinite Succor ndi "Breaking Quarantine". Pamene Chigumula chimangotchulidwa kuti ndi wanzeru mu masewerawa, Halo Graphic Novel imasonyeza kuti Chigumula chimakhala ndi malingaliro a mng'oma , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azidziwa bwino masewera awo. Lee Hammock , mlembi wa The Last Voyage wa Infinite Succor , anafotokoza maziko a nkhaniyi kuti ndi njira yosonyezera ngozi yeniyeni ya Chigumula ngati ngozi yochenjera, osati chinthu chomwe osewera akukumana nacho. Hammock adanenanso kuti nkhaniyi idzatsimikiziranso kuti Chigumula ndi chidziwitso, ndipo "ndikukhulupirira kuti ndizowona Zombi". Chiopsezo cha Chigumula chikufotokozedwanso m'nkhani yochepa kuchokera ku Halo Evolutions anthology, "The Mona Lisa," yomwe pambuyo pake inasinthidwa kukhala zojambula zosangalatsa . + +Chigumula chimaphatikizapo kwambiri mu Greg Bear 's trilogy ya ma buku, The Forerunner Saga , yomwe imachitika zaka masauzande zisanachitike zochitika za masewera akuluakulu. Buku la Halo: Silentium limasonyeza kuti Chigumula ndi chimene chimatsalira cha Precursors, mtundu wakale womwe unanenedwa kuti ufulumizitse kusintha kwa mitundu ndi kupanga malalang'amba. Okonzeratu anagonjetsa Otsogolera; atatsala pang'ono kutayika, ena a Precursors adadzichepetsera okha ku ufa wophika womwe ungasinthirenso m'mbuyo mwawo. Nthawi inapangidwa ndi ufa wosalakwa, ndipo inakhala mutagenic, ikuchita ndi zamoyo zina kuti zibweretse zomwe potsiriza zidzasintha mu Chigumula. Chigumula chikanatha kuopseza anthu akale ndiyeno Forerunners, omwe pomalizira pake amangapo ndi kulumikiza Halo Array kuti asiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kufalikira. + +Kufufuza + +Dzina la Chigumula ndi limodzi mwa mayina ambiri otengedwa kuchokera ku nkhani zachipembedzo ku Halo franchise. Chigumula ndi makamaka Manda ndizochita ziwanda kapena satana, ndipo chiyambi cha Mbuye wa Ambuye ku matumbo a Halo kuti akumane ndi Chigumula chikhoza kufaniziridwa ndi ulendo wopita ku gehena. PC Academy Paulissen akunena kuti dzina lakuti 'Chigumula' limatanthawuza za kutchulidwa kwa chigumula cha Bibliya , ndi Likasa lotsogolera pokhala pogona kuchokera ku chiwonongeko choononga ndi chiyeretso chofanana ndi Baibulo. + +Miyoyo ya moyo ndi chilengedwe cha chigumula ndi ofanana ndi makhalidwe a zamoyo zenizeni. Chigumula chinayambitsa kusintha kwa thupi kukumbukira kusintha kwa mapiko a makamu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka Leucochloridium paradoxum , kapena ziwalo zopweteka za Ribeiroia -amphibians omwe sali odziwa. Chizoloŵezi cha Chigumula chosinthira chigawo chake chikufanana ndi a parasitoid wasp Hymenoepimecis argyraphaga ' ntchito zamagulu a kangaude kuti atetezedwe. + +Zolemba +Halo +Halo: Combat Evolved ndi 2001 sayansi asilikali zopeka ya munthu chowombelera kanema masewera mwakuchita Bungie ndi lofalitsidwa ndi Microsoft Game situdiyo . Linatulutsidwa ngati mutu wazitsulo wa Microsoft Xbox video game console pa November 15, 2001. Microsoft inamasulidwa masewero a masewera a Microsoft Windows ndi Mac OS X mu 2003. Masewerawa adatulutsidwa posachedwa ngati Xbox Yoyamba ya Xbox 360 . Halo amayikidwa mu atumwi makumi awiri ndi chimodzi , ndi player kudzitengera udindo wa Master Chief , ndi cybernetically kumatheka supersoldier . Mtsogoleri akuphatikiza ndi Cortana , wanzeru zakuya . Osewera nkhondo alendo osiyanasiyana atayesera kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi zinsinsi za eponymous Halo , wozungulira woboola pakati yokumba dziko . + +Bungie adayamba kukula kwa zomwe zidzakhale Halo mu 1997. Poyambirira, masewerawo anali masewera a nthawi yeniyeni omwe amatha kuwombera munthu wachitatu asanayambe kuwombera munthu. Pakati pa chitukuko, Microsoft adapeza studio ndipo anasintha maseŵerawo kukhala mutu wotsatsa wa console yake yatsopano ya masewera a video, osakanikirana ndi Xbox. + +Halo anali wopambana komanso wogulitsa malonda. Halo wakhala akutamandidwa ngati imodzi mwa masewera akuluakulu a kanema nthawi zonse, ndipo adayikidwa ndi IGN ngati wothamanga wachinayi woyamba bwino kwambiri. Kutchuka kwa masewerawa kunatsogolera ku malemba monga " Halo kuphone" ndi " Halo killer", amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku masewera ofanana ndi omwe amayembekezera kukhala abwino kuposa iwo. Halo inachititsa kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito multimedia franchise yomwe yaposa $ 4.6 biliyoni padziko lonse, kuphatikizapo masewera, mabuku, toyese, ndi mafilimu. Kuwonjezera apo, masewerawa anauziridwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito muwotchi wofiira wopangidwa ndi fanetsero. Mavidiyo a Buluu , omwe amatchedwa "opambana kwambiri" a machinima (njira yogwiritsa ntchito injini yeniyeni ya 3D, nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku masewero a pakompyuta, kupanga mafilimu owonetsera). + +A mkulu-tanthauzo remake , Halo: kuthana kusanduka chikumbutso linatuluka kuti Xbox 360 pa tsiku 10 Launch masewera choyambirira cha. Chikumbutso chinakonzedweratu chifukwa cha Xbox One monga gawo la Halo: Master Master Collection mu 2014. Magazini opitirira mamiliyoni asanu anagulitsidwa padziko lonse mu November 2005. + +Masewera + +Halo: Kumenyana Kusinthika ndi masewera othamanga omwe osewera amachitiramo masewera mu 3D chilengedwe pafupifupi kwathunthu kuchokera kwa munthu woyamba . Wosewera akhoza kuyenda ndikuyang'ana mmwamba, pansi, kumanzere, kapena kumanja. Masewerawa amakhala ndi magalimoto, kuchokera ku jeeps zankhondo ndi akasinja kupita ku ndege zowonongeka ndi ndege, zambiri zomwe zimatha kuyendetsedwa ndi osewera. Masewera amasintha kwa munthu wachitatu pamagalimoto oyendetsa galimoto ndi oyendetsa mfuti; anthu okwera ndege amawonetsa munthu woyamba. Masewera a mitu mmwamba anasonyeza chikuphatikizapo "zoyenda lodziwa kumene kuli" kuti akaundula kusuntha ogwirizana, kusunthira kapena kuwombera adani, ndi magalimoto, mu utali wozungulira zina za oseŵerawo. + +Halo: Kusintha Kwadongosolo +Pa March 15, 2004, Gearbox Software inamasulidwa Halo: Edition Yachikhalidwe ya Windows, yomwe inathandiza ojambula kugwiritsa ntchito mapu opangidwa ndi mapangidwe ndi masewero a masewera pogwiritsa ntchito Halo Editing Kit yotengedwa ndi Bungie. Halo: Kusinthidwa Kwadongosolo ndiwowonjezera anthu ambiri, ndipo kumafuna kopangidwe koyambirira ya Halo kwa PC kukhazikitsa. + +Zosinthasintha + +Kukhazikitsa +Halo: Kusinthasintha Kusinthika kumachitika mu malo a sayansi yazaka za m'ma 2600. Kuyenda mofulumira kuposa kuwala komwe kunatchedwa slipspace kunaloleza mtundu wa anthu kupanga colonize mapulaneti ena osati Dziko lapansi. Dziko lapansili limakhala ngati bwalo lamilandu lazinyanja komanso chipinda cha ntchito za sayansi ndi za nkhondo. United Nations Space Command imapanga pulogalamu yachinsinsi kuti ikhale ndi gulu lankhondo la anthu opititsa patsogolo omwe amadziwika kuti a Spartans kuti athetse kupanduka m'madera a anthu. Zaka makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri zisanayambe masewerawa, gulu linalake lamakono lazamagulu limatchedwa kuti Pangano la Pangano ndikuwononga miyoyo ya anthu, kufotokoza kuti umunthu ndi chilango kwa milungu yawo. Asilikali aumunthu akukumana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu; ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Spartan ali ogwira ntchito motsutsa Pangano, iwo ali owerengeka owerengeka kuti athetse nkhondo. Masiku awiri asanayambe ntchito ya ku Spartan kuti apeze malo a Pangano la Pangano, magulu ankhanza a chipangano Afikira ndi kuononga dzikolo. Nyenyezi Yophukira ya Starhip ikuthawa padziko lapansi ndi mkulu wa abusa a Spartan John-117 . Sitimayo imayambitsa kulumphira pamtunda, kuyembekezera kutsogolera mdani kuchoka ku Dziko lapansi. + +Plot +Masewerawo amatseguka pamene Nsonga ya Autumn imachoka ndikupeza mndandanda wawukulu wa alendo wosadziwika. Pangano likutsatira M'mbuyomu ndikuwononga chombocho. Zotsatirazi protocol, woyendetsa Yophukira ' Yakobo Keyes watikhulupilira sitimayo yokumba nzeru (AI) Cortana kwa Mbuye Chief kuteteza Pangano ku kupezana ndi malo Earth. Chief, Cortana, ndi anthu ogwira sitimayo akuthawira kumtunda pomwe Keyes akugwa-amadzika ngalawa pamphepete. Pansi, a Chief Chief ndi Cortana apulumutse ena opulumuka. Maphunziro Ophunzirira apangidwa ndi Pangano, Mbuye Wamkulu ndi gulu la amadzi kulowa mu Pangano la Choonadi ndi Kuyanjanitsa kuti amupulumutse. Makhwale amasonyeza kutiworldworld imatchedwa " Halo " ndi Pangano, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi chida. Cholinga chotsutsa Pangano pogwiritsa ntchito Halo, Master Chief ndi Cortana akulimbana ndi njira yawo kupita ku chipinda chogonjera, kumene Cortana alowetsa makompyuta a Halo. Amatumiza Chief Master pa ntchito yofulumira kuti apeze ndi kuimitsa Keyes, yemwe anali kufunafuna chida cha zida kwina kulikonse. + +Atafika kumalo otsiriza a Chief captain, Chief Master akukumana ndi mdani watsopano, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti Chigumula . Kutulutsidwa kwa Chigumula kumalimbikitsa wothandizira Halo, AI 343 Guilty Spark , kuti ayankhule ndi Chief Chief ndikupempha chithandizo chake kuti apeze ndondomeko ya Activation ya ring kuti agwiritse ntchito chitetezo cha mphete. Pambuyo pa Mbuye Wamkulu atenga Index ndikukonzekera kuti agwiritse ntchito, Cortana amapezanso ndikumuchenjeza kuti asagwire ntchito. Iye apeza kuti Halo yapangidwa kuti apukutse mlalang'amba wa moyo wokondwa kuti Chigumula chigwiritse ntchito monga ozungulira, motero njala ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. + +Cholinga cha 343 Guilty Spark, yemwe amatumiza Sentinels ake kuti awathandize, Chief Chief ndi Cortana akuganiza kuti awononge Halo kuti asamangidwe kapena kuthawa kwa Chigumula. Malamulo a Needing Keyes kuti awononge Autumn ndi Halo nawo, Master Chief abwerera ku Chowonadi ndi Chiyanjanitso , pokhapokha kuti apeze Makiyi omwe amawonetsedwa ndi Chigumula. Kuchotsa zizindikiro kuchokera kumsasa wa captain, Master Chief akubwerera ku Autumn , koma chiwonongeko chokha chimaimitsidwa ndi 343 Guilty Spark. M'malo mwake, Chief Master ndi Cortana amatha kupangitsa kuti sitimayo iwonongeke, ndikuthawa pang'onopang'ono. Chiwonetsero chachidule cha post-credits , 343 Cholakwa cha Spark chikuwonetsedwa kuti chapulumuka chiwonongeko cha Halo. + +Kutulutsidwa +Nkhani yozungulira Halo: Kusinthasintha Kusintha kwasinthidwa kukhala ma buku, omwe poyamba anali Halo: Kugwa kwa Kufika , Prequel . Lofalitsidwa mu Oktoba 2001, bukuli linalembedwa ndi Eric Nylund , amene adakwaniritsa masabata asanu ndi awiri. Bukuli linasandulika mabuku ofalitsa a Weekly ndi makope oposa zikwi mazana awiri ogulitsidwa. Buku yotsatira ya mutu wakuti Halo: Chigumula , ndi chikhomo-mu kwa Halo: kuthana kusanduka, polongosola osati nkhani ya Master Chief, komanso anthu a anthu ena pa unsembe 04. Wolembedwa ndi William C. Dietz , bukuli linawonekera pa ofalitsa a Weeks ofalitsa a Weekly mu May 2003. + +Zolemba + +Halo +Cortana ndi zopeka yokumba nzeru khalidwe mu Halo kanema masewera angapo . Wowonetsedwa ndi Jen Taylor , amawonekera ku Halo: Mphinthi Wotsutsana ndi maulendo ake, Halo 2 , Halo 3 , Halo 4 , ndi Halo 5: Guardians . Amakhalanso mwachidule mu prequel Halo: Fikirani , komanso m'mabuku angapo a franchise, masewera, ndi malonda. Panthawi yochita masewerawa, Cortana amapereka chidziwitso chachinsinsi kwa ochita masewerawa, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ya Chief Officer John-117. M'nkhaniyi, iye akuthandizira kuteteza kusungidwa kwa malo a Halo , omwe angawononge moyo wokhutira mu mlalang'amba. + +Choyambirira cha Cortana chinali chochokera kwa mfumukazi ya ku Egypt Nefertiti ; khalidwe la holographic chifaniziro nthawi zimatengera mtundu wa mkazi. Game mapulogalamu Bungie koyamba Cortana ndi Halo -through ndi Cortana Letters, maimelo anatumiza pa ulimi kuthana kusanduka ' mu 1999. + +Ubale pakati pa Cortana ndi Master Chief wakhala ukuwonetsedwa ndi owonetsa ngati chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya masewera a Halo . Cortana wakhala akudziwika chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chake ndi khalidwe lake komanso momwe akufunira kugonana . Makhalidwewa anali kudzoza kwa wothandizira wachinsinsi wa Microsoft dzina lomwelo . + +Kufotokozera +Cortana ndi nzeru zaluso zomwe zimapezeka mu Halo franchise. Mu masewera a pakompyuta, Cortana nthawi zambiri amatumikira monga mlangizi ndi wothandizira kwa chiwonetsero cha osewera, akuwongolera machitidwe a makompyuta achilendo ndi zojambula zojambula. Amayankhula zambiri za zokambirana za masewerawo. Malinga backstory ake, Cortana inamangidwa ku anaipanga ubongo Dr. Catherine Elizabeth Halsey , mlengi wa supersoldier ntchito wovutika ; Maselo a Halsey anakhala maziko a oyendetsa a Cortana. Cortana ndi AI ena ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za moyo wawo, pambuyo pake amayamba kufanana ndi kuganiza kuti amafa mu njira yotchedwa rampancy. + +Monga zomangamanga, Cortana alibe mawonekedwe enieni kapena kukhalapo. Cortana amalankhula ndi mawu osalala a mkazi, ndipo amapanga chithunzi chodziwika kuti iye ndi mkazi. Cortana akuti ndi ofanana ndi Halsey, omwe ali ndi maganizo omwewo "osatetezedwa ndi usilikali komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu". Mu Halo: Kugwa kwa Kufikira , Cortana akufotokozedwa ngati wopepuka, ndi tsitsi lodulidwa mwamphamvu ndi khungu la khungu lomwe limasiyanasiyana ndi navy buluu kupita ku lavender, malingana ndi maganizo ake. Numeri ndi zizindikiro zikuwombera pa mawonekedwe ake pamene akuganiza. Halsey amawona Cortana ali wachinyamata yekha: ali wochenjera kuposa makolo ake, nthawizonse "akuyankhula, kuphunzira, ndi wofunitsitsa kugawana chidziwitso chake". Cortana akufotokozedwa kuti ali ndi masewera a sardonic ndipo nthawi zambiri amasokoneza nthabwala kapena ndemanga zowakomera, ngakhale panthawi ya nkhondo. + +Makhalidwe apangidwe +Cortana adapangidwa ndi kusankhidwa ndi katswiri wa Bungie Chris Hughes. Chinthu cha nkhope yake chinali chojambula ndi mfumukazi ya Mfumukazi ya ku Egypt Nefertiti. Dzina la Cortana ndi losiyana ndi Curtana , lupanga lolembedwa ndi Ogier the Dane , monga chilembo cha AI cha Bungie cham'mbuyo Marathon 2: Durandal amatchulidwa ndi lupanga Durendal . Zolemba za Curtana zikuwonetsa kuti lupanga liri ndi "mofanana ndi Joyeuse ndi Durendal" Frank O'Connor, wotsogolera chitukuko cha Franchise, adanena kuti Cortana sali wamaliseche, ngati mawonekedwe a digito alibe zovala kapena zopanda pake. Makampani 343 adasankha kufotokoza maonekedwe ake ooneka ngati chisonyezero cha umunthu wake; "Kotero chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe iye amawonekera [akuwonekera] ndicho kukopa ndi kufunafuna chidwi. Ndipo amachitapo kanthu kuti awachotse anthu kuti aziteteza pamene akulankhula naye ndipo amachititsa kuti akambirane. " + +Cortana ndi ubale Master Chief anali pakati gawo la nkhani Halo 4 ' gawo la chikhumbo kuwerenga kwambiri nkhani anthu. Mkulu wa zamalonda Josh Holmes ananena kuti Cortana anali m'njira zambiri kuposa munthu wamkulu Master, ndipo maganizo akuti Mfumu idzagonjetsa ndi umunthu wake panthaŵi imodzimodziyo akutaya Cortana. Amayi a Holmes anapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a 'dementia' panthawi ya chitukuko, ndipo mavuto ake enieni adalongosola kuti Cortana anali mbadwa komanso chibwenzi cha Chief Cortana. Maonekedwe atsopano a Hort 4 a Cortana ndi chimodzi mwa masewera omwe amasintha kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zojambula, akatswiri ojambula amalenga zosiyanasiyana "malingaliro" ndi kufufuza momwe Cortana angayang'anire. Kulonjeza mapangidwe a 2D adasandulika ma chipangidwe chosavuta cha 3D kuti awawonetsere mu injini ya masewera. Katswiri wamasewera Matt Aldridge anakumbukira kuti Cortana anali mmodzi wa anthu ovuta kwambiri kuti awonere masewerawa chifukwa cha khalidwe lomwe ali nalo ndi osewera; Chimodzi mwa zolinga za Aldridge chinali kupanga chikhalidwe komwe mipukutu ya code idzayenda yosasokonezeka kuchokera kumapazi ake kupita kumutu. Mkulu wazamalonda Kenneth Scott ndiye adayambitsa mapangidwe a Cortana. Mchitidwe wa kuyendetsa khalidwewu unkachitidwa ndi Mackenzie Mason. + +Kwa Halo 5 , maonekedwe a Cortana amasintha kwambiri. Pofotokoza momwe analili poyamba kuti anali wofewa komanso "wonyenga", makampani 343 anatenga nkhaniyi kuti iwonetseke kuyang'ana kwake kuti asonyeze udindo wake watsopano monga wolamulira yekhayo wa mlalang'amba. "Pachiyambi choyamba cha mapeto, iye amavala zovala zoyera, atakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, ndi zina zotero. Adzakhala wamkulu kwambiri, "mfumukazi yamphamvu kwambiri". Anali wosiyana kwambiri ndi iye, "analemba motero Brian Reed. Chojambula chake chomaliza chinali ndi ma Spartans ndi Forerunners pamwamba pa mawonekedwe ake akale, kuphatikizapo Gulu lamtsogolo. "Kumva iye kuvala [Mantle] inali njira yabwino yokhala nayo yakeyo, mofananamo," Reed anati. Makhalidwewa anali owonetsedwa komanso owonetseratu pogwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe kake ndi talente pa 343 Industries ndi Axis Animation. + +Zolemba + +Halo +Halo 2 ndi sewero la vidiyo yoyamba yomaliza ya 2004 yomwe Bungie adayambitsa. Omasulidwa ku Xbox Video Game Console pa November 9, 2004, masewerawo ndi gawo lachiwiri mu Halo franchise ndi sequel mpaka 2001 Halo wotchuka : Combat Evolved . Masewera a Microsoft Windows a masewerawa anamasulidwa pa May 31, 2007, opangidwa ndi timu yapakati pa Microsoft Game Studios yomwe imadziwika kuti Hired Gun. Masewerawa ali ndi injini yatsopano ya masewera , komanso kugwiritsa ntchito injini yafikiliya ya Havok ; adawonjezera zida ndi magalimoto, komanso mamapu atsopano. Wosewera alternately amatenga maudindo a anthu Master Chief ndi mlendo muweruzi pankhondo 26. m'ma pakati pa anthu United Nations Space Lamulo , ndi kupha fuko Pangano , ndi parasitic Chigumula . + +Pambuyo pa kupambana kwasinthika , mndandanda wina unkayembekezeredwa ndipo ukuyembekezeredwa kwambiri. Bungie adapeza kudzoza muzokambirana ndi masewera a masewera omwe adasiyidwa pa masewera awo oyambirira, kuphatikizapo ochita masewera ambiri pa intaneti kudzera mu Xbox Live . Nthawi zopinga amakakamizidwa mndandanda wa cutbacks mu kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa masewera, kuphatikizapo cliffhanger mathero kukachita kampeni mode masewera amene anasiya ambiri mu situdiyo chikuyenda. Pakati Halo 2 ' malonda khama anali taphunzira zenizeni masewera otchedwa " Ndimakonda Njuchi " kuti nawo osewera kuthetsa masamu zenizeni dziko. + +Pamasulidwe, Halo 2 ndiye kanema wotchuka kwambiri pa sewero la Xbox Live, ali ndi udindo umenewu mpaka kutulutsidwa kwa Gears of War kwa Xbox 360 pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zotsatira. Pa June 20, 2006, maseŵera oposa 500 miliyoni a Halo 2 adasewera ndipo maola oposa 710 miliyoni akhala akusewera pa Xbox Live; pa May 9, 2007, chiwerengero cha ochita maseŵera osiyana anali atakula kuposa mamiliyoni asanu. Halo 2 ndi mtundu wa Xbox wotchuka kwambiri wotengera zaka ndi makope oposa 6.3 miliyoni ogulitsidwa ku United States okha. Masewerawa adalandira kutchuka kwakukulu, ndi mabuku ambiri akuyamika chigawo cholimba cha anthu ambiri. Msonkhanowo, komabe, unali kutsogolera kwa kutsutsa kwa mapeto ake. + +A mkulu-tanthauzo remastered buku la Halo 2 linatulutsidwa monga mbali ya Halo: The Master Chief Collection pa November 11, 2014, kuti Xbox Mmodzi . + +Masewera +Halo 2 ndimasewera othamanga , omwe osewera amakhala ndi masewera osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa munthu woyamba. Osewera amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwa zida za anthu komanso zachilendo komanso magalimoto kuti apite patsogolo pamasewerawo. Bwalo la thanzi la osewera siliwoneka, koma osewera ali m'malo mwake ali ndi zikopa zovulaza zomwe zimasintha pamene sizikutentha. + +Zida zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito , zomwe zimapangitsa munthu wosewera mpira kugulitsa molondola, kugwiritsira ntchito mabomba ndi mfuti pofuna kuwombera. Wosewera akhoza kunyamula zida ziwiri pa nthawi (kapena zitatu kapena ziwiri-zida; chida chimodzi chimakhala chosungunuka), ndi chida chilichonse chiri ndi ubwino ndi zovuta pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zolimbana. Mwachitsanzo, zida zambiri zapangano zimayambitsa mafilimu omwe amatha kusokoneza ma batri omwe ali nawo, omwe sangasinthidwe ngati atatha. Komabe, zida izi zikhoza kuwonjezereka ngati zitapitilira nthawi yaitali. Zida za anthu sizothandiza kwambiri pa zishango zolowera ndipo zimafuna kubwezeretsanso, koma sizingatheke chifukwa cha moto wautali. Wosewera amatha kunyamula mabomba asanu ndi atatu (mabomba anayi, Chipangano chinayi) kuti asokoneze ndi kusokoneza adani. Chatsopano mu Halo 2 ndikhoza kukwera magalimoto a adani omwe ali pafupi ndi osewera ndi kuyenda mofulumira. Wopewera kapena AI amayenda pagalimotoyo ndipo amakakamiza dalaivala wina kuti achoke pa galimotoyo. + +Kulandira +Halo 2 walandira ulemu wotchuka. Pogwiritsa ntchito mzere wa malo a Metacritic , masewerawa apeza 95 ochuluka mwa 100, motero. Halo 2 analandira mphoto zambiri, kuphatikizapo Best Console game ndi Best Sound Design kuchokera ku Interactive Achievement Awards . Malinga ndi Xbox.com, masewerawa adalandira mphoto zoposa 38. + +Owerengera ambiri adayamika nyimboyo poyera kwambiri. Ophatikizapo ambiri amadziwika kuti anali abwino pa Xbox Live panthawiyo. Game Informer , pamodzi ndi mabuku ena ambiri, adavotera kuti ndipamwamba kuposa Halo: Combat Evolved , kutchula macheza ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti azichita masewerawa. Otsutsa ambiri adanena kuti Halo 2 adali ndi ndondomeko yomwe idapambana, ndipo adayamikiridwa ndikuponyedwa pachisankho ichi. M'mphepete review 'm anapeza kuti Halo 2 akhoza mwachidule ndi mzere kuchokera script ake: "Si dongosolo latsopano. Koma tikudziwa kuti izi zigwira ntchito. " + +Mpikisano wa masewerawo watengeredwa pang'ono chifukwa chochepa kwambiri, ndi chifukwa chokhala ndi mapeto a cliffhanger ovuta . GameSpot adanena kuti ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ikusintha pakati pa Pangano ndi magulu aumunthu anapangitsa chiwembucho kukhala chovuta kwambiri, chinasokoneza wosewera mpirawo kuchokera ku dziko lapansi ndikupulumuka; pamene Edge adalemba chiwembu "chisokonezo cha fisi-fiction ya fan-fiction ndikunyalanyaza ndale za Ep -II -style." + +Mawindo a Mawindo a masewera omwe adalandira maphatikizidwe osakaniza, ndi IGN chiwerengero cha 7.5 / 10 ndi GameSpot akuchipatsa 7.0 / 10. Kutsutsidwa kwakukulu kunali chifukwa cha nthawi yomaliza yomaliza, ndipo zithunzizo zidalembedwa. Icho chinalandira chiwerengero cha 72 pa zana kuchokera ku Metacritic. + +Zolemba + +Halo +Ana Ortiz (anabadwa January 25, 1971) ndi American Ammayi ndi woimba. Ataphunzira ntchito ya ballet ndi kuimba kuyambira ali wamng'ono, potsiriza pake anapita ku yunivesite ya Arts . Ortiz anayamba ntchito yake akuchita zisudzo, mu 2000s oyambirira nyenyezi mu sakhalitsa NBC sitcoms Kristin (2001) ndi AUSA (2003), ndipo anali maudindo kumatchula pa uko ndi Boston Malamulo . + +Ortiz adachenjeza kwambiri udindo wake monga Hilda Suarez mu Series ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2010. Iye adawonekeranso mu mafilimu monga Mavuto a Ntchito (2009) ndi Big Mommas: Monga Atate, Monga Mwana (2011), ndipo adawerengedwa ndi Little Girl Lost: Delimar Vera Story (2008). Kuyambira 2013 2016, Ortiz nyenyezi monga Marisol Suarez mu Pano TV sewero lanthabwala-sewero mndandanda wamphulupulu adzakazi , umene iye analandira linapereka Imagen kwa Best Ammayi - TV . + +Moyo ndi ntchito + +Moyo wam'mbuyo ndi ntchito mu zisudzo +Ortiz anabadwira ku New York City , ndipo ali mwana wamkazi wa Angel Ortiz, yemwe kale anali membala wa Council of City Philadelphia , ndi mayi wina wa ku Ireland-America, Kathleen Kulhman. Ali mwana, Ortiz anaphunzira ballet kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, mpaka kupweteka kwa kuvina poti kumukakamiza kuti apange luso losiyana. Ortiz anamaliza maphunziro awo ku University of the Arts ku Philadelphia. + +2006-2010: Ugly Betty ndi maudindo ena +Mu 2006, Ortiz anaponyedwa ngati Hilda Suarez , mchemwali wake wa mtsogoleri, mu Series ABC comedy-drama series Ugly Betty . Poyamba, Ortiz adayankha ntchito ya Betty Suarez , koma anapita ku America Ferrera m'malo mwake. Ortiz adati mu 2008, "Ndinali wopambana kwambiri. Ndinangovala magalasi ndipo tsitsi langa linakhala lopanda kanthu komanso lavala zovala ", pofotokoza zimene ankavala pamene ankawombera mlandu wa Betty. "Ndikungofuna kuti iwo andikumbukire, kuti ndikakhale nawo m'tsogolo". Ortiz anali mmodzi wa awiri a Filadelphia omwe anali a Ugly Betty nthawi zonse, wina anali Mark Indelicato , yemwe adamusekera mwana wake Justin. Kugwirizana kwina kwa mzinda ndi katswiri wina dzina lake Becki Newton (yemwe adasewera ndi Amanda Tanen ), yemwe adaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania ku Philadelphia. + +Kuwonjezera pa udindo wake pa Ugly Betty , Ortiz anali akugwira ntchito mu mafilimu, kuphatikizapo maudindo a Tortilla Kumwamba , ndi Mazunzo Ogwira Ntchito pogwirizana ndi nyenyezi yake yakale ya Betty , Lindsay Lohan . Anamvekanso mau a Batman: Gotham Knight , ndipo adaziyika mu filimu yopangidwira TV ya Little Girl Lost: Delimar Vera Story mu 2008. Ortiz nayenso anali ndi udindo wothandizira alendo ku Army Wives panthawi yake yachiwiri. Ankachita masewera otchedwa Sandi. Iye adawonekeranso muvidiyo ya 2010 ya Enrique Iglesias ndi Juan Luis Guerra " Cuando me enamoro ". + +2010-alipo: Devious Maids ndipo kenako +Pambuyo pa Ugly Betty kumapeto kwa 2010, Ortiz anaponyedwa ngati mtsogoleri woyendetsa ndege wa ABC wotchedwa Blue Blue pafupi ndi oyang'anira kupha anthu a San Francisco omwe adagwirizananso kuti athetse kupha munthu mmodzi. Woyendetsa ndegeyo sanatengedwe kuti ayambe. M'chaka chotsatira iye adawonekera mu filimu yamaseŵera Big Mommas: Monga Atate, Monga Mwana , ndipo adawerengedwa mu woyendetsa ndege wina, wotchedwa Outnumbered Fox. Woyendetsa ndegeyo sanatengedwenso mpaka mndandanda. Pambuyo pake adakhala ndi gawo la HBO comedy series Hung. Ortiz nayenso ankakhala ndi mafilimu odziimira atagona ndi Nsomba , ndi Anthu Oterowo. + +Mu 2012, Ortiz anaponyedwa ngati mtsogoleri wa ABC wotchedwa Devious Maids , wopangidwa ndi Marc Cherry. Pa May 14, 2012, woyendetsa ndegeyo sanasankhidwe ndi ABC pa nthawi ya mndandanda wa Networking wa 2012-13. Komabe, pa June 22, 2012, Lifetime idatenga woyendetsa ndegeyo ndi dongosolo la khumi ndi zitatu. Mndandandawu unayambira pa June 23, 2013, pa Moyo nthawi zonse ndi ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa otsutsa. Muwonetsero, amachititsa udindo wa Marisol Duarte (wotsogolera Pulofesa Marisol Suarez). Izi zidzakhala mndandanda wachiwiri momwe khalidwe lake likugawira dzina lomaliza la umunthu wake wakale kuchokera kumndandanda wina. Pakuyankhulana kwake adawonekeratu kuti akunyoza kwambiri ndi Amuna Ake omwe Amanyenga. Komanso mu 2013, Ortiz anali nyenyezi yapadera yochereza alendo ku ABC yopambana pachiwopsezo cha opera, Revenge , monga Bizzy Preston. Mu 2014, alendo a Ortiz omwe ali ndi nyenyezi m'magulu awiri a ABC amasonyeza: Mmene Mungachokere ndi Kuphedwa kopangidwa ndi Shonda Rhimes, Black and Black-ish. + +Mu October, 2014, Ortiz anaponyedwa pamodzi ndi Katherine LaNasa , Jeremy Sisto ndi Tyler Blackburn pa masewera achiwerewere, Chikondi ndi Chomwe Mukuchifuna? , pogwiritsa ntchito filimu yaifupi ya 2011 yomwe ili ndi dzina lomwelo. Iye adayankhula pa ntchito mu filimu ya 2018 Ralph Breaks Internet. Azinyenga anachotsedwa pambuyo pa nyengo zinayi, mu 2016. Otsatirawa, Ortiz anali ndi nyenyezi yoyendetsa ndege ya ABC, Charlie Foxtrot , moyang'anizana ndi Jason Biggs ndi Swoosie Kurtz . Mu 2018, adamenyana ndi Scott Foley ndi Lauren Cohan mu Whisky Cavalier ya ABC. + +Moyo waumwini +Ortiz wokwatira woimba nyimbo Noah Lebenzon mu June 2007 ku Rincón , Puerto Rico . Mwana wawo wamkazi Paloma Louise Lebenzon anabadwa pa June 25, 2009 Ortiz ndi Lebenzon mu Mwana wawo wachiwiri, mwana wake Rafael, anabadwa pa September 24, 2011. Ortiz akugwira ntchito pozindikira za nkhanza zapakhomo, akufotokozera zomwe anakumana nazo pamene anali ndi zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri ndikuyamba kukondana kwambiri. Mu nkhani ya USA Today , Ortiz amanenanso kuti malo otsiriza ochokera ku Ugly Betty ndi mutu wakuti " Mmene Betty Anakhumudwitsiranso ", pamene Hilda adakhala pabedi lake akuyang'ana ku bafa atazindikira kuti Santos wamwalira, adachokera ku zomwezo : "Ndinagwiritsira ntchito zina mwa izo mosamvetsetsa. . . Ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhala nane nthawi zonse. " + +Filmography + +Mafilimu + +Televizioni + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1971 kubadwa +The Mnyamata Amene itagwiritsidwa Mphepo ndi 2019 British sewero filimu olembedwa, motsogoleredwa ndi momwe mulinso Chiwetel Ejiofor mu mbali yake directorial kuwonekera koyamba kugulu. Firimuyi inachokera pamtima Mnyamata Amene Anagwedeza Mphepo ndi William Kamkwamba ndi Bryan Mealer. Inayang'aniridwa mu gawo la Premieres pa 2019 Sundance Film Festival. + +Sakani + + Maxwell Simba monga William Kamkwamba + Chiwetel Ejiofor monga Trywell Kamkwamba + Noma Dumezweni monga Edith Sikelo + Joseph Marcell monga Chief Wembe + Aïssa Maïga monga Agnes Kamkwamba + +Zolemba +Mafilimu mu 2019 +William Kamkwamba (wobadwa pa August 5, 1987) ndi mlengi wa Malawi , injiniya ndi wolemba. Anapeza mbiri mu dziko lake mu 2006 pamene anamanga mphepo ya mphepo kuti azigwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi mumzinda wa Wimbe (makilomita 32 (20)   mi) kum'maŵa kwa Kasungu ) pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya buluu , ziwalo za njinga, ndi zipangizo zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ku scrapyard. Kuyambira pamenepo, iye wamanga dzuwa zoyendetsedwa ndi madzi mpope kuti amapereka woyamba madzi akumwa kumudzi ndi awiri turbines zina mphepo (ataima yaitali pa mamita 12 (39   ft)) ndipo akukonzekera zina ziwiri, kuphatikizapo ku Lilongwe , likulu la ndale la Malawi. + +Moyo ndi ntchito +William anabadwira m'banja laumphawi wamba ndipo amadalira kwambiri ulimi kuti apulumuke. Anasangalala kusewera ndi anzake, Gilbert ndi Geoffrey, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zatsopano. Malingana ndi mbiri yake, The Boy Who Harnessed The Wind , abambo ake anali munthu wovuta kumenyana amene anasintha atakhala Mkhristu. Njala yowononga inachititsa kuti Kamkwamba asiye kusukulu, ndipo sanathe kubwerera kusukulu chifukwa banja lake silinathe kulipira malipiro. Poyesera kuti apitirize maphunziro ake, Kamkwamba anayamba kuyendera laibulale yam'mudzi. Kumeneku kunali Kamkwamba atapeza chikondi chenicheni pa zamagetsi. Asanayambe, adakhazikitsa bizinesi yochepetsera ma radiyo, koma ntchito yake ndi ma radio sizinamupatse ndalama zambiri. + +Kamkwamba, atawerenga buku lotchedwa Using Energy , anaganiza zopanga mphepo yamkuntho. Anayesa njira yaying'ono yogwiritsa ntchito dynamo yotsika mtengo ndipo potsiriza anapanga mphepo yomwe imagwira ntchito yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi m'nyumba mwawo. Alimi amodzi ndi atolankhani anafufuzira zipangizo zojambula ndi dzina la Kamkwamba m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. A blog za zomwe adazichita zinalembedwa pa Hacktivate ndi Kamkwamba anachita nawo mwambo wokumbukira mtundu wake wanzeru wotchedwa Maker Faire Africa , ku Ghana mu August 2009. + +Kutchuka + +Pamene Daily Times ku Blantyre , likulu la zamalonda, adalemba nkhani pa mphepo ya mphepo ya Kamkwamba mu November 2006, nkhaniyi inafotokozedwa kudzera mu blogosphere , ndi mtsogoleri wa msonkhano wa TED Emeka Okafor adaitana Kamkwamba kuti akambirane ku TEDGlobal 2007 ku Arusha , Tanzania ngati mlendo. Nkhani yake inalimbikitsa omvera, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe amalimbitsa ndalama pamsonkhanowo analonjeza kuti adzathandiza kumaliza maphunziro ake apamwamba. Nkhani yake inakumbidwa ndi Sarah Childress kwa Wall Street Journal. Anakhala wophunzira ku African Bible College Christian Academy ku Lilongwe. Kenako adalandira maphunziro ku African Leadership Academy ndipo mu 2014 anamaliza maphunziro awo ku Dartmouth College ku Hanover, New Hampshire. M'chaka cha 2013 TIME dzina lake Kamkwamba ndi "Anthu 30 Osapitilira 30 Kusintha Dziko." " Mu 2010, The Boy Who Harnessed The Wind anasankhidwa monga University of Florida Common Book, kuti ophunzira onse olowawo awerenge. + +Mu 2014, anasankhidwa ngati mabuku wamba ku Auburn University ndi University of Michigan College of Engineering , komanso. William adawonekera pa yunivesite iliyonse kukambirana buku lake ndi moyo wake. Mchaka cha 2014, Kamkwamba adalandira digiri yake ya Dartmouth College ku Hanover, New Hampshire kumene adali wophunzira ndipo anasankhidwa ku Sphinx Senior Honor Society. Mu 2019 Mnyamata Amene Anagwedeza Mphepo adasinthidwa kukhala filimu , akuyang'ana Chiwetel Ejiofor , yemwe adalembanso ndi kutsogolera. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1987 kubadwa +Pages with unreviewed translations +Emiliano Raúl Sala Taffarel ( kutchulidwa kwa Chisipanishi:   ; 31 October 1990 - 21 January 2019) anali Argentine katswiri wa mpira amene ankaimba monga patsogolo . Atatha kusewera mpira wachinyamata ku Argentina ndipo akutsatira kanthawi kochepa m'mipikisano ya Portugal , Sala anayamba ntchito yake ku France ndi Bordeaux , ndipo anayamba ntchito yake mu February 2012. Atakakamizika kulowa mu timu yoyamba, adatengedwa kupita ku Championnat kumbali ya Orléans ndi Ligue 2 mbali ya Niort mu nyengo zotsatizana. Anakondwera nawo makanema awiriwo, adakwaniritsa zolinga 39 pakati pawo, asanabwerere ku Bordeaux. Pambuyo pake adalonjezedwa kuti adzalandira ngongole, Sala adayambanso kukondwera, ndipo m'malo mwake adayanjananso ndi anzake a Caen 1 ku ngongole. + +Mu 2015, adasainira Nantes mwakhama. Ndili ndi Nantes, adawonetsa maulendo oposa 100 ku Ligue 1, ndipo adapeza zolembera zolembera bwino, potsirizira pomwe gululi likulimbana ndi nyengo zitatu zotsatizana. Fomu yake inalimbikitsa kusamukira ku Cardiff City mu January 2019, chifukwa cholemba ndalama za £ 15   miliyoni (€ 18   miliyoni). Sala adaphedwa ndi ndege pa Alderney pa 21   January 2019. Ankauluka kuchokera ku Nantes kukafika ku Cardiff ndege ya Piper Malibu . Kufufuza koyamba kwa masiku atatu kudutsa English Channel. Kusaka kwapadera kwapadera komwe kunayambika kunayambika, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti adziwepo zadothi pa 3   February; Thupi la Sala linapezedwa masiku anayi kenako. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Sala anabadwira m'tawuni ya Cululú, Province la Santa Fe , Argentina, mpaka Horacio Sala ndi Mercedes Taffarel. Bambo ake ankagwira ntchito monga dalaivala wamakalimoto; kenako banja linasamukira ku Progreso. Iye anali ndi pasipoti ya Italy. Anali ndi mbale, Dario, ndi mlongo, Romina. Iye anali wotsutsa wa Independiente ndipo, akukula, anaphunzira masewero a mpira wotchuka, Gabriel Batistuta . + +Ntchito yapamwamba + +Ntchito yoyambirira +Sala adayamba kusewera mpira wa San Martín de Progreso, komwe adatsalira mpaka atakwanitsa zaka 15. Kenako anasamukira ku San Francisco, Córdoba kukasewera pa sewero la mpira wa mpira Proyecto Crecer atatha kuwona ndi scout. Mbalameyi idagwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu la Spanish RCD Mallorca ndi FC Girondins ya Bordeaux ku France, akuyang'ana osewera m'derali. Atalowa m'banjamo, adasamukira kunyumba ya anthu omwe adakwera nawo pabwalo ndi anyamata ena. Anasewera masewera asanu ndi awiri omwe amapezeka kuzipikisano za chipani cha Spanish Soledad B pakati pa October 2007 ndi February 2008. + +Mchaka cha 2009, pokhala ku Granada , Spain, adalimbikitsidwa kumalo ena a Chipwitikizi ku FC Crato ndi mcheza mnzake wa Argentine yemwe adasewera kumeneko ndikugwirizana ndi gulu la Chipwitikizi. Sala adasewera kampani ya Crato, adalemba kawiri kawiri, koma mwadzidzidzi adachoka ku gululo ndikubwerera ku Argentina, akunena kuti chibwenzi chake chinali "m'mavuto" kudziko lakwawo. + +Cardiff City +Pa 19 January 2019, Sala adalumikizana ndi Premier League ku Cardiff City pamsonkhano wa zaka zitatu ndi theka kuti adzalandire ndalama zolembera, atapatsidwa £ 15   miliyoni. Kuloledwa kunamenya nyimbo yalabu yoyamba ya £ 11   miliyoni zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa Gary Medel mu 2013. Monga gawo la chigulitsiro chogulitsa, 50 peresenti ya malipiro oyendetsera chiwongoladzanja anali chifukwa cha katswiri wake woyamba wa gulu la Bordeaux. Mayi Sala adatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane kalabu ya Chinese Super League kuti ayambe kujambula Cardiff, ngakhale kuti anapatsidwa malipiro apamwamba ndi malipiro, chifukwa chofuna kusewera mu Premier League. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Sala, Nantes adafuna malipiro ochokera ku Cardiff. + +Imfa + +Atamaliza kuchipatala ku Cardiff, Sala anabwerera ku Nantes m'mawa wa 19   January pa ndege yomwe inakonzedwa ndi Mark McKay. Cholinga chake chinali kubwerera ku Cardiff pa 21   January kuti apite ku phunziro lake loyamba la maphunziro ndi gulu lake latsopano mmawa wotsatira. Sala adayitanidwa kuti apite kumusasa wa Cardiff motsutsana ndi a Neil Warnock , mtsogoleri wa Newcastle United , koma adabwerera ku France kukauza anzake anzake a Nantes kuti asonkhanitse katundu wawo. + +Pa 21 Januwari ndege ya Piper Malibu , yomwe idakwera ndege kuchokera ku Nantes kupita ku Cardiff, inathawa ndi Alderney . Ndege yomweyi komanso woyendetsa ndegeyo adatuluka ku Sala ku Nantes masiku awiri kale. Pa 23   January, Channel Islands Air Search inanena kuti panalibe "chiyembekezo" chofuna kupeza opulumuka aliyense m'madzi. Uthenga wamtunduwu, womwe unatumizidwa kuchokera ku ndege ndi Sala kupita kwa abwenzi ake kudzera ku WhatsApp , unatulutsidwa ndi olembiya a Argentina ole . Uthenga womvera umasulira motere: + +Zolemba + +1990 kubadwa +2019 imfa +Claire Johnston (b. 16 December 1967) ndi woimba wa Anglo-South Africa komanso wolemba nyimbo. Iye ndi mtsogoleri wotsogolera wa South African fusion band Mango Groove. + +Johnston wakhala ku South England , ndipo amakhala ku South Africa kuyambira zaka zitatu. Anagwirizana ndi Mango Groove ali ndi zaka 17, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo adajambula ma studio asanu ndi limodzi ndi gululo, anakhudzidwa kwambiri, ndipo anamasulidwa ma albamu awiri. Iye adziwika ngati chizindikiro cha Nation Rainbow , vision ya Desmond Tutu ya chikhalidwe chosiyanasiyana cha South Africa mu nthawi yotsutsana ndi chigawenga . + +Pakati pa zoimba zake amalemba Ella Fitzgerald ndi Debbie Harry , komanso Louis Armstrong ndi okhulupirira m'zaka za m'ma 1900. + +Kwa kanthawi iye anakwatiwa ndi mtsogoleri wa Mango Groove John Leyden. Amakhala ku Johannesburg , South Africa. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Johnston anabadwira ku Bishops Stortford , tauni yomwe ili ku Southern England m'chigawo cha Hertfordshire . Banja lake linasamukira ku South Africa ali ndi zaka zitatu. Ali ndi zaka khumi, adayamba kukhala woyimba, wothamanga, ndi woimba mu filimu ya Johannesburg ya nyimbo ya Annie. Ali ndi zaka 17, pa chaka chomaliza ku Greenside High School , adalowa mu Mango Groove. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi udindo kwa gululi, anamaliza digiri ya Chingelezi, Philosophy, ndi Politics ku yunivesite ya Witwatersrand mu 1988. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1967 kubadwa +Mango Groove ndi gulu la 11 la South African Afropop lomwe nyimbo zawo zimayimba nyimbo zapamwamba ndi zamatauni -makamaka marabi ndi kwala . + +Kuyambira pa maziko awo mu 1984, gululi latulutsa ma studio asanu ndi limodzi ndi maulendo ambiri. Album yawo yatsopano, 2016's Faces to the Sun , inali zaka zoposa zinayi pakupanga. + +Mbiri + +Mapangidwe +Mango Groove yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ku Johannesburg mu 1984. Amodzi mwa anthu anayi omwe adayambitsa mazikowa, John Leyden, Andy Craggs, ndi Bertrand Mouton-anali magulu achigwirizano omwe anali ndi "gulu lachizungu la" punk band "lotchedwa Pett Frog, pomwe anali ophunzira ku yunivesite ya Witwatersrand . Mu 1984 anyamata atatu adakumana ndi "Voice Voice" ya nyimbo yalala Jack Lerole ku nyumba ya Gallo Records ku Johannesburg. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, Lerole adatsogolera gulu la kula lotchedwa Elias ndi Zig Zig Zive za Jive . John Leyden ankakondwera ndi jazz yaku South Africa nthawi ino. Mbiri ya Lerole isanafike iye. Iye ndi anyamata a Pett Frog anakambirana pamodzi, ndipo gulu lina linayamba kusintha. Dzina la gululi linapangidwa pa chakudya chamadzulo: pun pa mawu akuti "Munthu, go groove!". + +Antchito + +Mamembala akale + +Discography + +Zojambula za studio + + Mango Groove (1989) + Hometalk (1990) + Dziko Lina (1993) + Idyani Mango (1995) + Bang the Drum (2009) + Kulimbana ndi Dzuŵa (2016) + +Nyimbo zojambula + +Kutulutsa mavidiyo + + The Essential (2008) + Groove Mango: Khalani Msonkhano (2011) + Shhhh ...! Kodi Mudamva? The Ultimate Collection, 1989-2011 (2011) + +Singles + +Magulu akuimba a ku South Africa +One hundred kwacha note ndi chipembedzo cha ndalama za Zambia . Lamulo la pamapepala, lomwe linatulutsidwa koyamba m'chaka cha 2013 lili ndi Lamulo la Ufulu ku Lusaka , lomwe limapereka malamulo apamtundu ku Zambia, pakati pomwe pali National Assembly , mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa banknote m'mawu a m'munsimu ngodya, ziwerengero m'makona atatu ndi makina atsopano a Giesecke & Devrient kumbali ya kumanja, komanso Buffalo mmbuyo. The obverse chili ndi African nsomba mphungu amene ankaona ngati kuzindikira yoyamba ya banknote Zambian, pamodzi ndi odula manja , siginecha ya Bank of Zambia Kazembe ndi kukhoma ndalama osonyezedwa banknote, ndi zina zimangokhala za ndondomeko ya banknote ndi Baobab Tree. Ndalama za banknote zatchulidwa ndi Bank of Zambia kuyambira January, 2013 pamene zero zitatu zochokera ku K500, K1,000, K5,000, K10,000, K20,000 ndi K50,000 zinali kuchotsedwa. + +Kuchotsa zero zitatu kuchokera ku chipembedzo +Chigawo chakale cha ndalama chinagawidwa ndi 1000, motero, kuchotsa zisoti zitatu kuchokera pa preexisting K50,000, K20,000, K10,000, K5,000, ndi K1,000. Zipembedzo za m'munsi za K500, K100, ndi K50 zinagawanika ndi 1000 ndipo zinasandulika kukhala 1 Kwacha, 50, 10, ndi 5 ndalama za Ngwee. Pa January 23, 2012, Banki ya Zambia inakonza zochitika zina zokhudzana ndi zochitika za Zambian Kwacha. Malangizowo akuvomerezedwa ndi boma, kukhala imodzi mwa njira zoyenera kuthana ndi ndalama zowonjezereka zowonjezera ndalama za dziko, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthawi yonse, chifukwa cha zaka zingapo za kuchuluka kwa ndalama zachuma zomwe zikudziwika ndi chuma cha dziko pakati pa zaka zapitazo za m'ma 1900, ndi zaka zoyambirira za zaka za zana la 21. Pa 22 August 2012 Banki ya Zambia inatulutsa chikalata chofotokozera kuti tsiku la kusintha kwa ndalama zowonjezera lidayikidwa pa 1 January 2013. Malingalirowa adalandiridwa ku nyumba yamalamulo pa November 3, 2012. Pambuyo pake, The Redomination of Currency Act ( Act 8 of 2012 ) inakhazikitsidwa pa December 3, 2012. + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Ndalama Zambiya Zatsopano za 2012 + Mazana a Kwacha pa Chalo Chatu +Ndalama za Zambia +Halo 3 ndi sewero la vidiyo loyimba loyambirira la 2007 lopangidwa ndi Bungie ku Xbox 360 console. Gawo lachitatu mu Halo franchise , masewerawa amatha nkhani yomwe inayamba mu 2001 Halo: Mgwirizano Wosinthika ndipo inapitiriza mu Halo 2 ya 2004. Masewerawa anatulutsidwa pa September 25, 2007, ku Australia, Brazil, India, New Zealand, North America, ndi Singapore; September 26, 2007, ku Ulaya; ndipo pa September 27, 2007, ku Japan. Nkhani Halo 3 ' kwagona pa nkhondo interstellar pakati pa zana makumi awiri ndi chimodzi anthu ndi magulu a mafuko mlendo kudziwika monga Pangano . Wochita masewerowa akuyang'anira udindo wa Mbuye Wamkulu , yemwe ali ndi supersoldier wotsitsimula, pamene akumenya Pangano. Masewerawa ali ndi magalimoto, zida, ndi masewera a masewera omwe sakhala nawo mu maudindo apitawo, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera mafilimu owonetsera masewera, kugawana mafayilo, ndi mapu a Forge mapulogalamu-omwe amathandiza ochita masewera kupanga zosinthidwa kwa magulu ambiri . + +Bungie anayamba kupanga Halo 3 patapita nthawi pang'ono Halo 2 atatumizidwa. Masewera inali yololedwa analengeza pa E3 2006, ndipo zotsatira anali yoyamba ndi oswerera angapo beta lotseguka kusankha osewera amene anagula masewera Xbox 360 Crackdown . Microsoft inagwiritsa ntchito madola 40 miliyoni pa kulengeza masewerawo, poyesa kugulitsa masewera ambiri a masewera ndi kukulitsa kukonda kwa masewera kupyola chikhazikitso cha Halo . Kugulitsa kunaphatikizapo kukwezedwa pamtanda komanso masewera ena enieni . + +Pa tsiku lomwe asanamasulidwe, 4.2   Miyendo milioni ya Halo 3 inali muzipinda zamalonda. Halo 3 yapambana US $ 300   miliyoni sabata yoyamba. Anthu oposa 1 miliyoni adasewera Halo 3 pa Xbox Live m'maola makumi awiri oyambirira. Mpaka pano, Halo 3 yagulitsa makopi oposa 14.5 miliyoni, kuti ikhale yachisanu yogulitsa masewera a Xbox 360 nthawi zonse, yabwino kwambiri kugulitsa Xbox 360 ndi yabwino kwambiri kugulitsa munthu woyendetsa pa console kunja kwa Call of Duty masewera. Masewerawo anali masewera otchuka kwambiri a masewera a 2007 ku US Ponseponse, masewerawa analandiridwa bwino ndi otsutsa, ndi zopereka za Forge ndi zowonjezera zambiri zomwe zimakhala ngati zida zamphamvu; komabe ena otsutsa amatsutsa imodzi-sewero masewera, makamaka chiwembu ndi dongosolo la ntchito. Prequel ku masewerowa, Halo 3: ODST , inatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa September 22, 2009. Chotsatira china, Halo 4 , chomwe chinatulutsidwa pa November 6, 2012, chinakhazikitsidwa ndi makampani 343 ndi ndalama zokwana madola 220 miliyoni pa tsiku lake loyamba. Halo 3 idakonzedwanso ngati gawo la Halo: Master Master Collection ya Xbox One pa November 11, 2014. + +Zosinthasintha + +Kukhazikitsa ndi zilembo +Halo 3 yakhazikitsidwa mu sayansi yachinsinsi mkati mwa zaka 2552 ndi 2553. M'chaka cha 2525, mgwirizano wapadera wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imadziwika kuti Pangano ikutulukira kuti anthu akufalikira m'madera ambirimbiri. Pangano likulengeza umunthu kukhala wotsutsana ndi milungu yawo ndikuyamba kuwononga mizinda mwa kuphulika mapulaneti ndi mabomba a plasma, kutembenuza malo awo mu galasi. Ngakhale kuyesetsa kuti Pangano likwaniritse dziko lapansi, magulu a Pangano amapeza dziko lapansi pa Halo 2 . + +" Halos " ndi malo akuluakulu, kuyambira zikwi mpaka makilomita masauzande makilomita, omwe amabalalika mu mlalang'amba. Mipukutuyi inamangidwa zaka zikwi zambiri zapitazo ndi mpikisano wotchedwa Forerunners monga zida zowonjezereka motsutsana ndi mitundu yamoyo ya parasitic yotchedwa Chigumula . Atatsegulidwa, Halos ikhoza kuwononga moyo wonse wogonjera mu mlalang'amba, kuletsa Chigumula cha chakudya chake. Otsatirawo anawonekera atatsegula mphetezo. Ku Halo: Kusinthasintha Kusinthika , pamene kuthawa Pangano, bungwe la UNSC likutumizira Pillar of Autumn pa imodzi mwa malowa, Kuyika 04 . Anthu amatha kuwononga mphete, kuimitsa Chigumula; Pangano, osadziŵa kuwonongeka kwa mphetezo, kuyesa mphete ina, Kuikapo 05 , pa Halo 2 kuti akwaniritse ulosi wawo wachipembedzo. Mtundu umodzi m'Chipangano, Achi Elites, phunzirani zoona za mphetezo, ndipo gwirizanitsani ndi umunthu kuti athetse kuwombera kwa mphete. Ngakhale kuti apambana, kutseka kosayembekezereka kwa malowa kumayambitsa pulogalamu yolepheretsa, ndikuyamika mphete zonse zowombera pamalo amodzi, otchedwa Likasa . Ngakhale kuti sadziwa zofunikira za mphete, Mneneri Waukulu wa Pangano wa Chowonadi ndi Pangano lokhazikika lopitiriza kumka ku Dziko lapansi, kumene amakhulupirira kuti Likasa laikidwa. + +Protagonist Halo 3 ' ndi Master Chief Zing'onozing'ono Officer John 117, ndi opaleshoni kumatheka supersoldier amadziwika ngati " wovutika ". Msilikali akumenyana pafupi ndi Arbiter, kapitawo wamanyazi wa chipangano cha Elite. Zizindikiro zina ziwiri za a Elite, N'tho 'Sraom ndi Usze' Taham, zikuwoneka ngati osewera wachitatu ndi wachinayi mu masewera othandizira. Kuwathandiza malemba kuchokera kumbuyo kwa masewera, kuphatikizapo asilikali a Avery Johnson ndi Miranda Keyes . 343 Guilty Spark , yemwe amayesa kulephera kuletsa Mbuye Wake kuwononga malo ake a Halo: Mphinthi Wosinthika , amawonetsanso maonekedwe. Kuwonanso gawo mu nkhaniyi ndi chigumula chomwe chimadziwika kuti " Gravemind ". Mu Halo 2 , mtsogoleri uyu wa Chigumula amathawa kuchoka ku ndende ya Installation 05, akulowetsa mumzinda wa High Charity mumzinda wa Pangano, ndipo amalanda Cortana , nzeru zopangidwa ndi anthu. + +Plot +Pambuyo pa zochitika za Halo: Kuukira, kuwonongeka kwa Chief Master kummawa kwa Africa, komwe amapezeka ndi Johnson ndi Arbiter. Mtsogoleri, Johnson, ndi gulu likulimbana Pangano mu nkhalango ndikufika pa malo a UNSC. Apa, Keyes ndi Ambuye Hood akukonzekera cholinga chomaliza chotsutsa mtsogoleri wa Pangano, Mneneri Wopambana wa Chowonadi, poyambitsa zojambula zowonongeka kunja kwa mabwinja a mumzinda wa New Mombasa. Mtsogoleriyo akutsutsa zotsutsana ndi Pangano la Pangano la Air kotero kuti Hood ingatsogolere zotsiriza zombo zapansi pa Mtumiki, koma Choonadi chimayambitsa chophimba choyika , ndikupanga chojambula chojambulira chimene iye ndi otsatira ake alowa. Malo osokonekera m'ngalawamo omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja; Magulu a anthu achilendo amafika komanso amachititsa mantha m'madera a Padziko lapansi, akuwopsyeza. Potsatira uthenga Cortana adachoka m'chombo cha Chigumula, Chief, Arbiter, Elites, Johnson, Keyes ndi asilikali awo amatsata Chowonadi kupyolera pakhomo. Kulowa nawo ndi 343 Guilty Spark, amene amathandiza Mfumu popeza iye alibe ntchito yoti akwaniritse pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwake. + +Poyenda pakhomolo, anthu ndi a Elites amapeza malo aakulu omwe amadziwika kuti Likasa, kutali ndi m'mphepete mwa mlalang'amba wa Milky Way. Pano, Choonadi chingathe kusintha nthawi zonse. Chigumula chimalowa mumtunda wa High Charity mwamphamvu, ndikuyamba kusokoneza. Choonadi chimagwira Johnson, momwe iye akufunira munthu kuti agwiritse ntchito luso lamakono. Keyes amafa pofuna kuyesa, ndipo Johnson akukakamizidwa kuti ayambe mphetezo. Kumva kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi Chief ndi Arbiter kuti asiye Choonadi. Arbiter, Chief Master, ndi Mafunde a Chigumula amabwera ndikugonjetsa alonda a Choonadi, kupulumutsa Johnson ndi kuletsa makinawo. Atatha Arbiter akupha Choonadi, Gravemind akutembenukira kwa Chief ndi Arbiter. + +Mtsogoleri, Arbiter ndi Guilty Spark akupeza kuti Likasa likukumana ndi Halo kuti idzalowe m'malo omwe Mfumuyo inawonongera kale. Mkuluyo akuganiza kuti atsegule Halo; Phokosoli lidzathetsa Chigumula chomwe chinachitika pa Likasalo podziletsa mlalang'amba wonse kuchokera ku chiwonongeko. Kuti apange mpheteyo, Mfumuyo imapulumutsa Cortana, yemwe ali ndi Activation Index ya kuwononga Halo, kuchokera ku High Charity ndikuwononga mzindawo. Afika pa Halo yatsopano, Cortana akuchenjeza kuti Gravemind akuyesera kudzimanganso palokha. Mtsogoleri, Arbiter, ndi Johnson amapita ku chipinda cha Halo kuti akonze mpheteyo. Wokhululuka Spark akufotokoza kuti chifukwa mpheteyo isanamalire, kusinthidwa msanga kudzawononga ndi Likasa. Johnson atanyalanyaza chenjezo lake, Wachilendo Spark amamuvulaza kwambiri kuti ateteze mphete yake. Ngakhale kuti Mfumu ikuwononga Guilty Spark, Johnson amwalira posachedwa. Mfumu ikugwiritsira ntchito mpheteyo, ndipo imathawa kupulumuka kwa mphete pa frigate ya UNSC Kupita Patsogolo . Komabe, mphamvu ya Halo ya kuphulika imachititsa kuti pakhomo lamasitima liwonongeke, zomwe zimangokhala theka la kutsogolo kwa Mmbuyo mpaka Chigumula , atanyamula Arbiter, ndikubwezeretsa ku Dziko lapansi. + +Utumiki wa chikumbutso umachitika pa Dziko lapansi chifukwa cha magulu akugwa a nkhondo ya Pangano laumunthu, pamene Arbiter ndi Ambuye Hood amasinthanitsa mwachidule mawu okhudza Master Master akugwa. Pambuyo pa msonkhano wa chikumbutso, abale a Arbiter ndi abale ake a Elite amapita kudziko lawo, Sanghelios. Pakalipano, theka lakumbuyo la Pambuyo mpaka Kuwala likutuluka mu malo osadziwika. Cortana akugwetsa mazunzo, koma amavomereza kuti pangakhale zaka zambiri asanalandidwe. Pamene Mbuye Wamkulu alowa mu tulo ta Cristana , Cortana amamuuza kuti amuphonya, koma amamulimbikitsa pommuuza kuti, "Ndipatseni ine pamene mukufunikira ine." Ngati masewerawa atha kumapeto kwa zovuta za Legendary, zochitika zikupitiriza kusonyeza chigawo cha Pitani mpaka ku Dawn chikuloŵera ku dziko losadziwika, lomwe ladziwika kuti "Requiem", malo oyamba a pulogalamu ya Halo 4 . + +Development +Halo 3 anabadwa poyamba Halo 2 asanatulutsidwe mu 2004. Ambiri mwa ogwira ntchitowa anali otanganidwa kwambiri kuti apange zambiri pa Halo 2 , pamene ena anapitiriza ndi maziko a chitukuko cha Halo 3 . Bungie adakhala chete ponena za zomwe polojekiti yawoyi inali, ndikusiya ndemanga pazochitika zawo za mlungu ndi mlungu zokhudzana ndi "polojekiti yatsopano". Masewera inali yololedwa analengeza ndi zenizeni nthawi cinematic ngolo pa E3 2006. + +Zolemba +Halo +Halo 4 ndiwothamanga kwambiri komanso masewera asanu ndi atatu mu mndandanda wa Halo . Zinali pa 6. November 2012 anatulutsidwa ku Xbox 360 . Halo 4 ndimasewera oyamba mu Halo trilogy yatsopano yotchedwa Reclaimer Trilogy . Ngakhale kuti mndandanda wonse wa Halo mndandanda wapadera, kupatulapo Halo Combat Evolved Anniversary , anapangidwa ndi Bungie , kukula kwa Microsoft Halo 4 kunasamutsidwa ku makampani 343. Nkhaniyo imayamba zaka zinayi zitatha zochitika ku Halo 3 . Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera ku Halo 3 , Mbuye Wamkulu akuwonetsedwanso ngati protagonist. KI Cortana ndilo gawo la masewerawo. + +Ntchito ya Halo 4 inali pa 4. June 2011 pa E3 2011 adalengeza. + +kanthu +Chiwembu cha Halo 4 chinapangidwira kufufuza ndi chinsinsi choposa momwe masewera ambuyomu amachitira mndandanda wa masewera a Halo , omwe adagwirizana kwambiri ndi khalidwe loyendetsa munthu woyamba. Zambiri zomwe zimachitidwa zimachitika pazimbezi zapademic. Ngakhale matekinoloje a abambo ali ochuluka kwambiri kuposa mmbuyo mwa maseŵera a Halo . Pulogalamu ya Halo 4 yagawidwa mu mautumiki asanu ndi atatu. + +Dawn +Mu 2557, zaka zinayi pambuyo pa zochitika kuchokera ku Halo 3 , Mbuye Wamkulu akadali mu Cryostase mkati mwa chiwonongeko cha Mmbuyo mpaka ku Dawn. AI Cortana amamuchotsa ku hyper sleep, chifukwa pali ntchito zosiyanasiyana pabwalo. Onsewo amadziwa mwamsanga kuti ngalawayo ikuyendetsa dziko lapansi la bambo ake ndipo ikuzunguliridwa ndi ndege zonse za Alliance. Yesani monga momwe akumenyana kumbuyo asilikali tidakocheza pansi, ndi kukhazika chida mphukira pa bolodi. Panjira yopita ku rocket, awiriwo ali m'ngalawamo amakumana ndi kuwala kosalekeza komwe kumathamanga ngati scanner kupyolera mu sitimayo. Poyamba zikuwoneka ngati rocket inayamba, koma imatsekezedwa ndi chitsulo. Mbuye Wamkulu amatha kuchotsa chitsulocho. Roketi imayambitsa ndi kuwononga Alliance Cruiser. Koma mwadzidzidzi, kuwala kwa dziko la sireku kumawoneka ndipo kumatsegulira ndikuyamba kukopa ngalawa ndi ndege za Alliance. Mbuye Wamkulu amayesa kulowa podula, koma ngalawa imagawanika chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka . Amaponyedwa mmbuyo pakati pa zitsulo ndikutha kuzindikira. + +requiem +Mbuye Wamkulu amabwera mwa iyemwini kachiwiri pa kuwonongeka kwakukulu pa Magazi a Atate a Magazi. Cortana amavomereza kuti ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu (8) akhala akudutsa nthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito AI ndipo wakhala akuyamba kuchepa. Kotero, nonse inu, Mlengi wa Cortana, mumasankha   Catherine Elizabeth Halsey, yemwe adapeza kuti amupulumutse. Awiriwo adasankha kulanda ngalawa ya Alliance kuti ifike ku Earth. Koma asanayambe kugwiritsira ntchito ndondomekoyi, Cortana akuchenjezedwa ndi chizindikiro chododometsa kwambiri. Chizindikiro chikuyenda bwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, kotero Cortana angachizindikire ngati chizindikiro cha UNSC. Amakumana ndi wojambula zithunzi omwe Alliance akufunanso kubweretsa. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yochepa, Cortana akupeza malo ogwira ntchito ndipo atulukira chinthu china padziko lapansi chomwe chimasokoneza chizindikirocho. The UNSC Infinity, yomwe chizindikirocho chinayambira, akulengeza kuti akufuna kuti alowe mkati mwa ndege. Cortana akufuna kumuchenjeza, koma maziko apulaneti amalepheretsa izi. Awiriwo asankha kuthetsa kusokoneza. Iwo amapita ku nsanja kumene angatsegule pakhomo mkati mwa dziko lapansi. Ali panjira kumeneko, Cortana amalankhula mobwerezabwereza mauthenga a pawailesi, omwe amayesa kudabwa ndi awiriwa kuti atenge nsanja. Pakhomo la nsanja, amapeza kuti osati Mbuye Wamkulu yekha yemwe akufuna kuteteza Alliance kuti asalowe mu nsanja, komanso nzika za Sentinel drones padziko lapansi. Awiriwo alowa mu nsanja ndikupita kumtunda. Pomwepo, Cortana ali ndi mwayi wotsegula ndi kutsegula pakhomo. Kuphatikiza pa portal, ziŵerengero zoopsya zimawoneka. Asanayambe kumenyana, Chief Master akudumpha Cortana kumalo ena. + +m'mene +Pulogalamuyi imabweretsa Master Chief ndi Cortana mkati mwa dziko lapansi kumene amapeza satelesi yomwe imapangitsa chizindikiro chosayerekezeka. Ndi satelesi iyi, iwo akufuna kuchenjeza zopanda malire patsogolo pa chingwe ndikudziyang'ana okha. Koma amatetezedwa ndi chishango chotetezedwa ndi magetsi ochokera kumadera awiri osiyana. Atatha kuwononga yoyamba ndipo akupita ku yachiwiri, amayamba kukangana pakati pa Promethean ndi Alliance. Mbuyeyo atatembenuka kachiwiri, amalandira uthenga kuchokera ku Infinity kuti iwo ali kale pamphepete. Mtsogoleri akudutsa m'mabwalo angapo kupita ku satellite, kumene akuyenera kumenyana ndi nkhondo zina zakutchire. Potsirizira pake, iye amachititsa kuti satanayo ayambe kutumiza uthenga ku Infinity. Komabe, John ndi Cortana sakudziwa kuti satellita ndi sitima ya atate. Atate Father Didactic amachokera ku satellite ndi maphunziro ogwirizana ndi Prometheaner. Awuza John kuti akufuna kubwezera anthu. Bwanji, iye amaphunzira mtsogolo. Pomalizira, aphunzitsi amatsegula malo akuluakulu pamwamba ndikuyamba kugwa. Zimayamba kuthawa ndi mpweya , zomwe zimatha podumphira ku khomo lolowera pamwamba. + +kosewera masewero + +Mswerera angapo +Mafilimu enieni ambiri amatchedwa Halo 4 Infinity, chifukwa momwe amachitira pa sitimayo ndi dzina lomwelo ndi membala amene amatha kulankhula. Amagawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa: Masewera a Nkhondo, Misasa ya Spartan ndi Forge Mode. Mu Halo 4 , kulimbikitsidwa kwakukulu kumayikidwa pakukonza ndi kusinthasintha khalidwe lanu ndi kachitidwe kanu kawowonjezera. Monga momwe Halo: Fikirani, mukhoza kusintha bwino zida zanu, kupeza phindu, ndi kusankha zida zankhondo. Chomwe chiri chatsopano, ndikuti mungathe kukhazikitsa njira zosiyana siyana ndikukweza mapepala pamasewero a masewera komanso kupanga magulu anu a zida. Kuwonjezera pa magalimoto ochiritsira Wraith , Ghost , Banshee , Warthog , Mongoose ndi Scorpion Tank, akadali Mantis . Galimoto yatsopano ya UNSC kwenikweni ndi yaikulu 'Mech ndi njira zitatu zosiyana. +Halo +Pages with unreviewed translations +Halo 5: Guardians ndi sewero la vidiyo yomasewera loyamba lokonzedwa ndi Makampani 343 ndipo lofalitsidwa ndi Microsoft Studios ku Xbox One pulogalamu ya masewera a pakompyuta . Chigawo cha khumi ndi chotsatira chachikulu chachisanu mu masewera a pulogalamu ya Halo , chinatulutsidwa padziko lonse pa October 27, 2015. Chiwembu masewera a motere awiri fireteams wa anthu supersoldiers : Blue Team, kutsogozedwa ndi Master Chief , ndi Fireteam Osirisi, kutsogozedwa ndi wovutika Locke . Pamene oyambirira amapita kunja popanda kuchoka kuti azindikire nzeru zapamwamba zomwe zimapanga Cortana , kukhulupirika kwa Chief Master kumatsutsidwa, ndipo Fireteam Osiris akutumizidwa kuti amulandire. + +343 Makampani anayamba kupanga malingaliro ndi zolinga za Halo 5 patangopita kanthawi kochepa atatulutsidwa, Halo 4 . Chakumapeto kwa chaka cha 2012, gululi linakhazikitsa zolinga za masewerawa, kuphatikizapo zikuluzikulu zapadera komanso madera osiyanasiyana. Mofanana ndi Halo 4 , imagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka zojambulajambula. Icho chimakhala ndi luso latsopano ndi makonzedwe apamwamba, koma sichimawoneka paliponse kunja kwa intaneti kapena mawebusaiti . Ali ndi injini ya masewera yomwe imawerengetsera chisankho chake kuti ikhale ndi mlingo wa mafelemu 60 pamphindi. + +Microsoft inalengeza Halo 5 pa Xbox One pa Electronic Entertainment Expo 2013 . Podcast yotchedwa Hunt the Truth inagulitsa masewerawo, ndikuyang'ana pa Master Chief's backstory. Masewerawa ndi zipangizo zake zogwirizana nazo zoposa US $ 400   miliyoni mu maola makumi awiri ndi anai oyambirira ndi US $ 500   miliyoni mu sabata yoyamba, kugulitsa malonda otsegulira a Halo 4 , omwe adagwiritsira ntchito rekodi yabwino kwambiri yogulitsa franchise. Ngakhale izi, zinali ndi malonda otseguka otsegulira masewera ena a Halo ku Japan ndi UK. Atatulutsidwa, Halo 5 analandira kawirikawiri ndemanga zabwino kuchokera kwa otsutsa, ndi kuyamikiridwa pa masewera ake, zojambula, zojambula zamagulu ndi ma modewu ambiri. Komabe, masewerawa omwe adasewera masewerawa adagwirizanitsa mayankho, ndi kutsutsidwa kumbali yake yayitali, nkhani, kulemba ndi kutha. + +Chotsatira, Halo Infinite , chinalengezedwa pa E3 2018 . + +Zosinthasintha + +Kukhazikitsa ndi zilembo +Halo 5: Odikira amachitika mu chaka cha 2558, ndipo amatha miyezi isanu ndi itatu pambuyo pa zochitika za Halo 4 . Masewerawa amatsatiridwa ndi moto wotchedwa Blue Team ndi Fireteam Osiris. Bungwe la Buluu likutsogoleredwa ndi Chief Chief Officer John-117 ( Steve Downes ) ndipo amapangidwa ndi anzake a Spartan-II omwe anamenyana nawo panthawi yomwe Halo: Mlili Wotsutsana : Petty Officer Second Class Linda-058 (Brittany Uomoleale ), wophunzira wachilendo; Kalasi Yachiwiri Yachiwiri Kelly-087 ( Michelle Lukes ), wofufuza yemwe amadziwika chifukwa cha liwiro lake lalikulu ndi mzanga wapamtima wa John; ndi Lieutenant Junior Grade Frederic-104 ( Travis Willingham ), yemwe ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Blue Team ndipo akuthandizira msilikali wothandizira, koma amatsutsa kwa Chief Master. Mamembala a Blue Team ndi onse a Spartan-IIs, asilikali apamwamba omwe adasinthidwa omwe adagwidwa ndi kuphunzitsidwa ngati ana; iwo ali pakati pa Spartan yotsiriza-Ine yomwe ndatsala yamoyo. Fireteam Osiris akuphatikizapo Spartan-IV, mbadwo watsopano wa anthu a ku Spartan omwe adalowa nawo pulogalamuyi ngati akuluakulu a usilikali. Fireteam Osiris amatsogoleredwa ndi Jameson Locke ( Ike Amadi ), yemwe kale anali wothandizira komanso wogula ntchito ku Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) ndi katswiri wodziwa ntchito. Mamembala ena a Fireteam Osiris ndi awa: Holly Tanaka ( Cynthia McWilliams ), katswiri wodziwa nkhondo ndi injiniya mu gulu la asilikali a UNSC ndi amene anapulumuka Pangano la Pangano pa dziko lake; Olympia Vale ( Laura Bailey ), mgwirizano wandale komanso chizindikiro cha intelligence ndi ONI omwe angathe kulankhula zambiri za Chipangano, makamaka Sangheili; ndi Edward Buck ( Nathan Fillion ), wachikulire yemwe kale anali Orbital Drop Shock Trooper ali ndi maulendo oposa 180 a nkhondo, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wamkulu ndi mtsogoleri wa gulu la Alfa-Nine ku Halo 3: ODST . + +Kuthandiza anthu otchulidwa monga osawerengeka ' mkulu, Captain Thomas Lasky (Darren O'Hare); Mtsogoleri wa Spartan Sarah Palmer ( Jennifer Hale ), mkulu wa opaleshoni kwa magulu onse a Spartan IV omwe ali ku Infinity ; Roland, Infinity ' s boardboard AI, ndi Dr. Catherine Halsey ( Jen Taylor ), wasayansi amene analenga pulogalamu ya SPARTAN-II. Anthu ena obwerera kwawo ndi Arbiter Thel 'Vadam ( Keith David ), tsopano akutsogolera mitundu ya Sangheili ngati Swanga la Sanghelios motsutsana ndi Pangano la Pangano, lotsogoleredwa ndi Jul' Mdama (Travis Willingham). Cortana ( Jen Taylor ), mnzake wapamtima wa A Chief Chief yemwe ankaganiza kuti wafa pambuyo pa zochitika za Halo 4 , akubweranso. + +Plot +Fireteam Osiris akutumizidwa ku dziko la Kamchatka lomwe likulamulidwa ndi Jul 'Mdama, kuti adzalandire dokotala wina dzina lake Dr. Halsey, yemwe adanena kuti ali ndi mbiri yowonongeka kwa anthu ambiri, panthawi ya nkhondo pakati pa Pangano la Alliance ndi a Prometheans. Ngakhale gululi likuchita bwino popeza Halsey ndikuchotsa mtsogoleri wa Pangano Jul 'Mdama, Halsey amawauza kuti pangozi vuto latsopano. + +Kumalo ena, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu akutsogolera gulu la Blue kuti ateteze malo ofufuza a ONI omwe amadziwika kuti Argent Moon. Kufika kwa Pangano la Pangano kumalimbikitsa Bungwe la Blue Blue kuti liwononge malo m'malo mwake. Panthawiyi, Mfumuyo imalandira uthenga wochokera kwa Cortana, pomutsogolera ku Meridian. John akulamulidwa kuti abwerere ku Infinity pa kuwononga Silver Moon, koma iye ndi Blue Team sanamvere malamulo ndipo adatsata pambuyo pa Cortana, kumukakamiza Captain Lasky kulemba mndandanda wa a Spartans monga AWOL . Izi zimachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri mu Infinity , monga Halsey amakhulupirira kuti kupulumuka kwa Cortana pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya Forerunner kumamuchititsa kukhala wosakayikira komanso wosadalirika. + +Lasky amapereka Fireteam Osiris cholinga chopeza ndi kutenga Blue Team. Osiris akutumizidwa ku Meridian kuti apite ku Blue Team, komwe amapeza kuti anthu akumenyana ndi adani a Prometan. Pakufuna kwawo, amakumana ndi Warden Wamuyaya, Wachi Promethean monga Cforana's enforcer. Atagonjetsa kanthawi Warden, Osiris akutenga Blue Team, kuwalamula kuti aime pansi ndi kubwerera ku Infinity . Akuluakulu a maboma a Locke akumenyana ndi manja ndipo amathawa ndi gulu lonse la Blue Team pamene akupita ku Guardian, yomwe imamangidwanso kwambiri monga Forerunner. Osiris sangathe kuthaŵa kugwa kwa colony monga Guardian ikuyendera ndipo imatha. The Guardian ikubwera pa Pulogalamu Yowonongeka Genesis, kumene John ndi Cortana akuyanjananso. Cortana adanena kuti matenda ake omwe amatha kupulumuka adachiritsidwa ndi teknoloji yomwe inamuthandiza. + +Osiris amatumizidwa ku Sangheili homeworld of Sanghelios, kumene akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito Guardian wokhalamo omwe amakhala kumeneko kupita ku Blue Team. Komabe, dzikoli likuphatikizapo nkhondo yapachiweniweni; Magulu otsala a Pangano adasankha kuti apange kuima kwawo komweko. Kuti athamangitse ntchito yawo, Osiris akuphatikizana ndi Arbiter ndi kumuthandiza kukantha koopsa pa pangano la otsala. Mabungwe a Osiris a Guardian mothandizidwa ndi Mtsogoleri wa Palmer pamene Arbiter amatha kuthetsa asilikali omaliza. + +Pa Genesis, Osiris akukumana ndi wosamalira dziko lapansi, nzeru 031 Exuberant Witness, yemwe akugwirizana nawo kuti asiye Cortana. Osiris amakafika ku Blue Team, yemwe amavumbulutsa Cortana akukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito a Guardians kuti athetse mtendere wamtendere pogwiritsa ntchito zida zowonongeka. Mtsogoleri Wamkulu, akudziwa kuti chiwonongeko chachikulu cha Cortana chidzayambitsa, kuyesa kutsimikizira Cortana kuti ayime pansi. Amakana ndikutsegulira gulu la Blue mu ndende yowonongeka, kuti awaletse kusokoneza dongosolo lake. Osiris amatha kumasula ulamuliro wa Genesis kubwerera ku Exuberant, yemwe amamanga ndende kuchokera ku Cortana pamene akuchoka pa dziko lapansi ndi Guardian. + +Malingaliro opangira ma galaxy amayamba kulumbira kwa Cortana ndi zolinga zake. Cortana amapeza osawerengeka ndipo akukonzekera kuletsa izo, koma Lasky ali sitimayo AI Roland, amene akadali okhulupirika kwa osawerengeka, kuchita slipspace kuchokera Lapansi ndi kuchita kudumpha mwachisawawa mpaka angathe njira kulimbana Cortana. Pomwe Blue Team inabweranso, Osiris akubwerera ku Sanghelios kuti akalumikizane ndi SPARTAN-IIs ndi Mtsogoleri wochuluka Palmer, Thel'Vadam , ndi Halsey. Ngati wosewerayo amaliza masewerawa pa Zopeka, zowonjezera zowonongeka zimasonyeza kusamalidwa kosadziwika kwa Halo pamene Cortana akuwomba, asanadule mpaka wakuda . + +Mpikisano wamakono +Mu 2014, Microsoft adalengeza "Halo Championship Series", mpikisano wake. Isanafike Halo 5: Atetezi ' kumasulidwa, Microsoft analengeza mpikisano ndi US $ 1   miliyoni mphoto dziwe, ndi zofunika kukhala masewera ndi mpikisano mu malingaliro. Gawo la mapepala a REQ omwe adagulidwa ndi ndalama zenizeni zimapereka madamu a mphoto; pa November 4 REQ adapeza ndalama zoposa $ 500,000 ku dziwe, lomwe linakwera ku US $ 700,000 pa November 19. Pa Game Awards kumayambiriro kwa December, Microsoft adalengeza US $ 2   malipiro a malipiro a miliyoni , oponderezedwa ndi malonda a pakiti yapadera REQ. Pa February 19, dziwe lonse la mphoto linadutsa US $ 2,500,000 . Mpikisano wotchedwa Halo World Championship unayamba pa December 6, 2015, ndi kumapeto kwa March 18-20, 2016. + +Pambuyo pa Masewera a Halo World, Microsoft adalengeza Halo Pro League pogwirizana ndi Electronic Sports League monga njira yokula Halo eSports. + +Zolemba + +Halo +OpenStreetMap ( OSM ) ndi polojekiti yogwirizana yopanga mapu okonzedwanso omasuka a dziko lapansi. M'malo mwa mapepala okhaokha, deta yomwe imapangidwa ndi polojekitiyi imatengedwa kuti ndiyo yaikulu yomwe imayambira. Zolengedwa ndi kukula kwa OSM zakhala zikulimbikitsidwa ndi zoletsa kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kupezeka kwa mapu kumudzi konse, komanso kubwera kwa zipangizo zamakono zotetezera satana . OSM imatengedwa ngati chitsanzo chodziwika cha kudzipereka kwadzidzidzi . + +Cholengedwa ndi Steve Coast ku UK mu 2004, chinauziridwa ndi kupambana kwa Wikipedia ndi malo omwe ali ndi mapu enieni ku UK ndi kwina kulikonse. Kuyambira nthaŵi imeneyo, yakula kwa anthu oposa 2 miliyoni olemba ntchito, omwe angathe kusonkhanitsa deta pogwiritsa ntchito kufufuza, zipangizo za GPS , kujambula zam'lengalenga , ndi zina zowonjezera. Izi crowdsourced deta ndiye limapanga pansi Open Nawonso achichepere License . Malowa amathandizidwa ndi OpenStreetMap Foundation , bungwe lopanda phindu lolembetsedwa ku England ndi Wales. + +Deta yochokera ku OSM imapezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zonse, monga momwe amagwiritsira ntchito Facebook , Craigslist , OsmAnd , Geocaching , MapQuest Open, JMP mapulogalamu , ndi Ma Foursquare kuti agwirizane ndi Google Maps , ndi maudindo ena odabwitsa monga kusintha deta yosasinthika yomwe ilipo ndi GPS olandila. Dongosolo la OpenStreetMap lapindula poyerekeza ndi zomwe zilipo, ngakhale mu 2009 khalidwe lachidziwitso linasiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. + +Zolemba + +OpenStreetMap +The Nikon D3200 ndi 24.2- megapixel DX mtundu DSLR Nikon F-phiri kamera mwalamulo anapezerapo ndi Nikon pa April 19, 2012. Zimagulitsidwa ngati kamera ya DSLR yowakonza anthu oyamba kumene komanso odziwa ntchito za DSLR omwe ali okonzeka kuti apite patsogolo. + +Gwiritsani ntchito makamaka oyamba kumene angathandizidwe ndi njira zothandizira. Amalowetsa D3100 monga momwe DSON imalembera DSLR, koma khalidwe lake lachifaniziro limakhala lofanana ndi la DSLRs. Malinga ndi DxOMark , DSLR ya DSLR inadutsa chiwerengero cha DxOMark Chigawo chonse cha Sensor ya fullframe Canon EOS 5D Mark II , ngakhale kuti 5D Mark II anali yodziwika bwino patatha zaka zinayi. + +Wotsatira wake ndi Nikon D3300 yomwe inalengezedwa mu Januwale 2014 ndi Nikon Expeed 4 purosesa yowonongeka, popanda fyuluta yotsegula (OLPF), 5   fps ndi kamera yoyamba ya DSLR ya Nikon ndi Easy (sweep) Panorama. Monga mu Nikon D5300 , thupi lopangidwa ndi carbon-fiber-reinforced bodymer komanso kachilombo katsopano kamene kamatulutsa kansalu kameneka kamakhala kochepa kwambiri. + +Mawonekedwe + + 24.2 (chiwerengero chonse cha 24.7) majapixel a DX-format CMOS chisamaliro ndi chisankho 12, chopangidwa ndi Nikon + 1080p mawonekedwe a kanema ka HD Full + Nikon Anapanga 3 chithunzi / pulogalamu yamakono + D-Lighting yogwira ntchito + Kukonzekera mwachindunji chromatic aberration + Sensor Sensor Cleaning ntchito ndi ma vibrations ndi Airflow Control System + Ma Pxelesi azithunzi ndi DX Format yomwe ingasinthidwe ku (Large) 6,016 × 4,000 (Medium) 4,512 × 3,000 (Small) 3,008 × 2,000 + Zosungiramo zosungiramo zosungiramo zinthu ndi SD , SDHC kapena SDXC, UHS-I basi mode, ndi Eye-Fi opanda waya LAN + GPS mawonekedwe a geotagging molunjika atathandizidwa ndi Nikon GP-1 + +Kukula kwakukulu kwakukulu molingana ndi kuonekera kwa bracketing +The osiyanasiyana wochitachita wa Nikon D3200 ( Expeed 3 dzina lake Expeed 2 mtundu, 14 Tinthu yafupika kuti Akamva 12 ) kuposa ngakhale zonse chimango DSLRs ngati Nikon D3S ( Expeed 2 dzina lake Expeed (1) lembani, 14 Tinthu) kapena Canon 5d MK3 ( DIGIC 5+ , 14 bits) pafupipafupi ya film (ISO 100 ndi ISO 200) chifukwa cha kuchepetsa mphamvu zowonongeka kwa analogi-to-digital . + +D3200 sizimangodziwika bwino. Nikon D3200 yaikulu kwambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kuwombera zithunzi zambiri zapamwamba (HDR, makamaka popangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zithunzi zosiyana siyana) ndi kuwombera kamodzi, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ojambulidwa . Njira yowonjezera ya HDR imapeŵetsanso mavuto monga kufotokozera , mafano auzimu kapena zolakwika zina pamene mukuphatikiza zithunzi zambiri. + +Kulandira +DxO Labs inapereka mphamvu zake zokwanira 81, mbali imodzi chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu. Panthawi yakuyesera zotsatira zachiwiri za APS-C DSLRs muyeso ya DxO Labs / DxOMark yowona, inkapambana kuposa okwera mtengo kwambiri. Kujambula Zithunzi Zopanga Zojambulajambula kunapatsa kamera chiwerengero cha 73% pothandizira "mphoto ya siliva", kuyamikila kuti ntchitoyi ndi yopindulitsa komanso ikuwonetseratu "yochedwa AF " ndi kusowa kwa zotsatira za fyuluta ya kamera. TechRadar inapereka chiwerengero cha 4/5, kutchula momwe makamera amatsogolerera komanso zojambula monga zamphamvu zake ndi "mitundu yodabwitsa" pawindo la LCD ngati lofooka kwambiri. Magazini ya T3 yotchedwa D3200 "imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zowonjezera za DSLRs", poti ngakhale kuti ndi "mtengo wamtengo wapatali" komanso ndi mavuto ena owonetsera LCD, njira yotsogolera komanso "khalidwe labwino kwambiri" limapangitsa "kukhala wamkulu ngati muli DSLR oyambirira kwa kamera yokoma ". + +Zolemba + +Nikon DSLR cameras +Pages with unreviewed translations +Wikimania ndi msonkhano wa pachaka wa Wikimedia Foundation. Mitu ya zokambirana ndi zokambirana zikuphatikizapo Wikimedia projects monga Wikipedia, ena wikis, mapulogalamu otseguka, mauthenga auulere ndi maulendo auufulu, ndi zinthu zamagulu ndi zamaganizo zokhudzana ndi nkhanizi. + +Kuyambira mu 2011, wopambana wa mphoto ya Wikipedian ya Chaka adalengezedwa ku Wikimania. + +Mwachidule + +Misonkhano + +2005 + +Wikimania 2005, msonkhano woyamba wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 4 mpaka 8 August 2005 ku Haus der Jugend ku Frankfurt, ku Germany, kukopa anthu pafupifupi 380. + +Mlungu wa msonkhano unaphatikizapo masiku anayi "Othawa", kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 August, pamene oyambitsa pafupifupi 25 anasonkhana kuti agwiritse ntchito ma code ndikukambirana zamakono za MediaWiki ndi kuyendetsa polojekiti ya Wikimedia. Masiku oyambirira a msonkhanowo, ngakhale kulipira kwake monga "August 4-8", anali Lachisanu mpaka Lamlungu la sabata, kuyambira 5 mpaka 7 August. Ndondomeko ya kuwonetsera idakonzedwa tsiku lonse mu masiku atatu aja. + +Olankhula Keynote anaphatikizapo Jimmy Wales, Ross Mayfield, Ward Cunningham, ndi Richard Stallman (amene adalankhula za "Copyright ndi mudzi m'zaka za makompyuta"). Zambiri ndi zokambirana zinali mu Chingerezi, ngakhale kuti ochepa anali m'Chijeremani. + +Othandizira a phwandowa anaphatikiza Mayankho, SocialText, Sun Microsystems, , ndi Logos Group . + +2006 + +Wikimania 2006, a Wikimania msonkhano wachiwiri, unachitika kuyambira 6 mpaka 8 August 2006 ku Harvard Law School 'm Berkman Center kwa Internet & Society in Cambridge ku Massachusetts, United States, ndi 400 -500 msonkhano. + +Jimmy Wales, Lawrence Lessig, Brewster Kahle, Yochai Benkler, Mitch Kapor, Ward Cunningham, ndi David Weinberger . Dan Gillmor adagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zotsutsana nzika za tsiku lomwelo. + +Associated Press inalembedwa ndi Wales ndipo inasindikizidwa m'manyuzipepala ambiri padziko lonse. Anakumbukira momwe mazikowo adasinthira kuchokera kwa iye "atakhala pansi pajamas" ake ku bungwe lolimbikitsana lomwe liripo tsopano; kawirikawiri amakankhira pamtengo wochuluka; Wikipedia idzaphatikizidwa pa makompyuta omwe akugawidwa kupyolera pa One Laptop per Child ; onse Wikiversity ndi chilengedwe cha gulu chenjezo anali wavomerezedwa ndi komiti Foundation; komanso kuti Wiki-WYG ikukula chifukwa cha malonda apadera ndi Wikia, Inc. ndi Socialtext . + +Answers.com anali wothandizira wa Wikimania 2006, pomwe Amazon.com, Berkman Center ya Internet & Society ku Harvard Law School, Nokia, WikiHow anali othandizira pazinthu zabwino, Wetpaint, Ask.com, Yahoo!, ndi Socialtext anali abwenzi-omwe amapereka chithandizo, ndi IBM, FAQ Farm, Elevation Partners, One Laptop per Child, ndi Sunlight Foundation anali othandizira-akuthandizira pa msonkhano. + +Magulu ena atatu adatumiza mayina, chifukwa cha mizinda ya London, Milan, Boston, ndi Toronto ; koma ku Toronto ndi Boston zokhazo zidapitsidwanso ulendo wachiwiri wofunsidwa ndi olemba Wikimania. Ku Toronto, chochitikacho chikanakambidwa ku Bahen Center ya University of Toronto . + +2007 + +Monga momwe adalengezedwera pa 25 September 2006, Wikimania 2007, msonkhano wachitatu wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 3 mpaka 5 August 2007 ku Taipei, Taiwan. Ichi chinali choyamba choyamba cha Wikimania kuti apange maphunziro odzipereka. + +Magulu ena atatu omwe adatumiza mayina, chifukwa cha mizinda ya London, Alexandria, ndi Turin . Zopangira ku Hong Kong, Singapore, Istanbul, ndi Orlando alephera kupanga mndandanda wamakono. Wopambana adalengezedwa pa 25 September 2006. + +Pa 3 August 2007, mtolankhani wina wa New York Times, Noam Cohen, anati: "Msonkhanowu wakhudza anthu okwana 440, oposa theka kuchokera ku Taiwan, omwe akufuna kudzidzimitsa kwa masiku atatu m'malingaliro ndi nkhani zomwe zimabwera kudzipereka kwathunthu -kulemba katswiri. Maphunzirowa akukhudzana ndi mitu yonga momwe tingagwirizanane mwamtendere; kuli kofunika kuti tipereke 'luso' mu polojekiti yomwe imakondweretsedwa polola aliyense kupereka, kuphatikizapo olemba osadziwika ". + +2008 + +Wikimania 2008, msonkhano wachinayi wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 17 mpaka 19 July 2008 ku Bibliotheca Alexandrina ku Alexandria, Egypt, ndi anthu 650 ochokera m'mayiko 45. Ku Alexandria kunali malo akale a Library of Alexandria. + +Mizinda itatu yomwe idakonzedweratu inali kumapeto, awiriwo anali Atlanta ndi Cape Town . Zolinga za Karlsruhe, London ndi Toronto zinatumizidwa, koma kenako anachoka. Panali mikangano yokhudza msonkhano, komanso kuitanitsa Wikimania 2008 chifukwa cha kulamula kwa Aigupto ndi kutsekera olemba malemba pa nthawi ya Mubarak. Mohamed Ibrahim, wophunzira ku yunivesite ya Alexandria amene anagwira ntchito yopititsa msonkhano ku Alexandria, anauza BBC kuti, "Ndikuganiza kuti tili ndi ufulu wokhala ndi ufulu woyankhula momveka bwino." Chimodzi mwa zolinga zake chinali kuthandiza kukula kwa Wikipedia ya Arabia yomwe ikuthandizira kuyambira mu 2005. Mtsogoleri wa nduna ya ku Egypt adalankhula pa zikondwerero za Mubarak m'malo mwake. + +2009 + +Wikimania 2009, msonkhano wachisanu wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 26 mpaka 28 August 2009 ku Buenos Aires, Argentina, ndi anthu 559 omwe anapezekapo. Chisankho chomaliza chinapangidwa pakati pa Buenos Aires, Toronto, Brisbane ndi Karlsruhe, ndipo chisankho chomaliza chikubwera ku Buenos Aires ndi Toronto. + +2010 + +Wikimania 2010, msonkhano wachisanu ndi chimodzi wotchedwa Wikimania, unachitikira pa 9 mpaka 11 July ku Philharmonic ya ku Poland Baltic ku Gdańsk, Poland. Tsiku loyamba pa July 9 linadzala ndi kutha kwa msonkhano wa WikiSym wophunzira. Zida za Amsterdam ndi Oxford kwa Wikimania 2010 zinataya pang'ono. + +Iyi inali msonkhano woyamba womwe unaphatikizapo kuika patsogolo pa chikhalidwe cha mtundu wokhala nawo, makamaka kukambirana kwa oimba a Philhilmoni, kukondwerera zaka khumi za imfa ya Wolemba Wopolishi Wolemba Władysław Szpilman wofunika kwambiri komanso wolemba nyimbo ya Choonadi mu Numeri? . Pamsonkhanowu, Sue Gardner, mkulu wa bungwe la Wikimedia Foundation, adanena kuti mazikowo ndikutulutsa chiwerengero cha alendo ku Wikimedia sites kuchokera pa 371 miliyoni kufika pa 680 miliyoni pamwezi zisanu. + +2011 + +Wikimania 2011, msonkhano wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 4 mpaka 7 August 2011 ku Haifa, Israel. Malo osonkhanawo anali Haifa Auditorium ndipo ikugwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha Beit Hecht pa Phiri la Carmel . Otsindika pa msonkhanowo anali Yochai Benkler, mnzake ku Berkman Center ya Internet ndi Society ku Harvard University ndi Joseph M. Reagle Jr. wa MIT, wolemba Good Good Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia. Mtsogoleri wa Komiti ya Sayansi ndi Zamakono ku Knesset, Meir Sheetrit, nayenso analankhula pamsonkhano, monga Yonah Yahav, Mtsogoleri wa Haifa . Mmodzi mwa omwe ankathandizira mwambowu anali University of Haifa . Msonkhanowu unali ndi magawo 125 mu maulendo asanu omwewo panthawi imodzi ndipo anapezeka ndi Wikimedians 720 ochokera ku mayiko 56 osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ena omwe alibe mgwirizano ndi Israeli. + +Poyankha ndi Haaretz, katswiri wina wa ku Wikipedia, dzina lake Jimmy Wales, adanena kuti panthawiyi pankakhala msonkhano wotsutsana ndi msonkhano ku Israel, monga momwe adachitira ku Egypt mu 2008. Anati ngakhale kuti panalibe mikangano pakati pa olemba pa nkhondo ya Israeli ndi Palestina, ndi kuyesayesa kwa gulu la pro-Israel kuti lilembetse olemba ena a Wikipedia, amakhulupirira kuti nkhani za Wikipedia sizinalowerere pamutu; adanena kuti " NPOV ndi yosagwirizana." + +Wikimedia Foundation, mkulu wa bungwe la Sue Gardner, adalankhula ndi msonkhano wokhudza zakumadzulo, zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi amuna zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito Wikipedia. Kumapeto kwa mwambo womaliza wa August 7, Jimmy Wales anapatsidwa chivundikiro choyamba cha sitimayi yoyamba yokhudza mbiri ya Wikimedia, inaperekedwa ndi msonkhano wa positi wa Israel pofuna kulemekeza mwambowu. Pakati pa ntchito zatsopano zomwe takambiranazi ndizogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe monga mizinda, makalata, malo osungirako zinthu komanso museums. + +Pambuyo pa msonkhanowo, ophunzira adapatsidwa ulendo waulere ku Haifa, Jerusalem, Nazareth kapena Acre . Shay Yakir, tcheyamani wotuluka ku Wikimedia Israel, adanena kuti ku Israel, msonkhano wa ku Haifa unali wochitira Masewera a Olimpiki. + +2012 + +Wikimania 2012, msonkhano wachisanu ndi chitatu wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 12 mpaka 15 July 2012 ku Yunivesite ya George Washington ku Washington, DC, United States, ndipo anthu oposa 1400 ochokera m'mayiko 87. Kuwonjezera apo, Dipatimenti Yachigawo ya US, mogwirizana ndi Wikimania 2012, inakonza msonkhano wotchedwa Tech @ State : Wiki. Gov yomwe inayang'ana pa "Chidziwitso chogwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito wikis mu gawo la anthu". + +Nkhani zazikulu za msonkhano ndizofunikira kusinthira mawonekedwe akale ndi mawonekedwe a "dowdy" ndi Wikimedia tools zatsopano pofuna kukopa ndi kusunga olemba zambiri ndikupanga Wikimedia sites kukhala yovomerezeka komanso yosangalatsa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, makamaka amayi. Nyanja ya Atlantic inali ndi zithunzi zomwe zinasonyezedwa pamsonkhano womwe unasonyeza momwe chiwerengero cha olamulira atsopano chagwera mofulumira zaka zingapo zapitazi. + +Pulezidenti wamkulu wa bungwe loyamba, Jimmy Wales, adalongosola za Wikipedia Blackout ya January 2012, akuti, "Ndikapita kukachezera akuluakulu a boma tsopano, akuopa kwambiri." Komabe adakumbukiranso kudzipereka kwa Wikimedia kuti asalowe ndale pokhapokha ponena za "zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yathu." Wales anavomera ndi wolemba nkhani Maria Gardiner, yemwe anayambitsa nawo Ada Initiative, kuti Wikimedia iyenera kuchita zambiri kuti chiwerengero cha akazi okonza mapepala apitirire. Iye anati: "Monga polojekiti ya kusintha kwa anthu, ngakhale ngati sizinthu zotsutsa, gulu la Wikipedia liri ndi udindo ku ntchito yake ndi kwa anthu kunja uko padziko lapansi kuti akhale paulendo wopita ku zosiyanasiyana - kuwonjezera kukula kwa ambulera ya dziko lapansi. " + +2013 + +Wikimania 2013, yachisanu ndi chinayi yokambirana ya Wikimania, inachitika pa 7 mpaka 11 August 2013 ku Hong Kong Polytechnic University, ndipo anthu 700 omwe anachokera ku mayiko 88. Mizinda yoyenera inali London (UK), Bristol (UK), Naples (Italy) ndi Surakarta ( Indonesia ). + +Mmodzi wa maphwando a mwambowu unachitikira ku nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku Hong Kong, International Commerce Center . Phwando lotseka linkachitikira ku Shek O Beach . Nkhani zomwe zikukambidwa zikuphatikizidwa ndi kusiyana kwa azimayi a Wikipedia ndi a Wikipedia mothandizi a Jimmy Wales 'a Wikipedia kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito Makhalidwe Okhala Otetezeka kuti afotokoze masamba ake. + +2014 + +Wikimania 2014, msonkhano wa khumi wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 8 mpaka 10 August 2014 ku Barbican Center ku London, England, United Kingdom. Kuitanitsa mwalamulo kunatsegulidwa mu December 2012. London inasankhidwa mu May 2013 monga mzinda wokhala wokhawokha womwe unabwera kuchokera ku Arusha (Tanzania). Msonkhano waukulu unaperekedwa ndi Salil Shetty, Mlembi Wachiwiri wa Amnesty International . Chotsatiracho chinalichonso Wikimania yoyamba yomwe inakambidwa ndi Lima Tretikov, yemwe ndi Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Wikimedia Foundation. Chochitikacho chinayambitsidwa ndi hackathon ya masiku awiri, ndi zochitika zina zamphindi. + +Msonkhanowo unali ndi mayendedwe asanu, pamodzi ndi chaka chonse cha 'State of the Wiki'. Izi zinali: Social Machines, Tsogolo la Maphunziro, Democratic Media, Open Scholarship, ndi Open Data. Msonkhanowo unali zalembedwa ndi mapulogalamu a pa TV 60 Mphindi mu dongosolo lotchedwa 'Wikimania. + +2015 + +Wikimania 2015, msonkhano wa khumi ndi umodzi wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 15 mpaka 19 July 2015 ku Hotel Hilton Mexico City Reforma ku Mexico City, Mexico . Kuitanitsa mwalamulo kunatsegulidwa mu December 2013. + +Mizinda ina yovomerezeka inali: Arusha, kumpoto kwa Tanzania ; Bali, chigawo cha Indonesia ; Cape Town, ku South Africa ; Dar es Salaam, ku Tanzania ; Esino Lario, chigawo cha Lecco, Lombardy, Italy, ndi Monastir, ku Tunisia . Otsatirawo anali Mexico City, Cape Town ndi Monastir. Mexico City inasankhidwa mu April 2014. + +Malo akuluakulu anali hotelo ya Hilton Mexico City Reforma. Gulu la bungwe la Wikimedia México, AC, lachigawo cha Mexican lomwe likuimira zofuna ndi zolinga za Wikimedia Foundation. + +2016 + +Wikimania 2016, msonkhano wa khumi ndi awiri wa Wikimania, unachitika kuyambira 24 mpaka 26 June 2016, ndi zochitika zapadera kuyambira 21-28 June, m'mudzi wa mapiri a Esino Lario, Italy. Esino Lario sanapambane pa Wikimania ya 2015. Malowa ndi oyamba omwe si mzinda waukulu. Pamsonkhanowu, adalengezedwa kuti Catherine Maher, yemwe ndi Executive Director wa Wikimedia Foundation, adasankhidwa kukhazikika. + +2017 + +Wikimania 2017, msonkhano wa 13 wa Wikimania, unachitikira ku Le Center Sheraton Hotel ku Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kuyambira 9 mpaka 13 August 2017. Chochitikacho chinachitika ku Canada pa chaka cha sesquicentennial ndipo ku Montreal panthawi ya chikondwerero cha 375. Masiku awiri oyambirira ankaphatikizapo WikiConference North America . + +2018 + +Wikimania 2018, msonkhano wa 14 wa Wikimania, womwe unachitikira ku Cape Town, South Africa, kuyambira 18 mpaka 22 July 2018 ku Cape Sun Southern Sun Hotel. Mutu wa chochitikacho unali " Kulimbana ndi ziphuphu Zophunzitsira: njira ya Ubuntu patsogolo ". Imeneyi inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe mwambowu unachitikira ku Africa ya kum'mwera kwa Sahara ndipo nthawi yoyamba nkhaniyo inali ndi mutu. Iyi inali nthawi yachiwiri yomwe mwambowu unachitikira ku Africa kapena ku South Africa. + +2019 +Wikimania 2019, Wikimedia Conference, yomwe idzachitike ku Stockholm, Sweden, kuyambira 14 mpaka 18 August 2019. + +Wikimedia Foundation +Wikis +Wopusa wa wina aliyense (Nobody's Fool) ndi filimu yokondeka ya ku America ya 2018 yomwe inalembedwa ndi Tyler Perry . Nyenyeziyi ndi Tiffany Haddish , Tika Sumpter , Omari Hardwick , Mehcad Brooks , Amber Riley ndi Whoopi Goldberg , ndipo akutsatira mkazi watsopano amene wafalitsidwa amene amayesa kuthandiza mlongo wake ndi mwamuna yemwe angakhale akumupha . Firimuyi imasonyeza mafilimu oyamba a R-Ricky Tyler Perry, komanso filimu yake yoyamba yoperekedwa ndi Lionsgate . + +Wopangidwa ndi Paramount Players (monga filimu yoyamba ya studio), Tyler Perry Studios , ndi Mafilimu a BET , Palibe Wopusa Anatulutsidwa ku United States pa November 2, 2018, ndi Paramount Pictures . Filimuyi imalandira machitidwe olakwika ochokera kwa otsutsa ndipo yakhala yoposa $ 33 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi. + +Plot +Danica ( Tika Sumpter ) ndi wogwira ntchito mwakhama pamsika wogulitsa, ndipo wakhala mu chiyanjano ndi "Charlie" ( Mehcad Brooks ), mwamuna yemwe anakumana naye pa Intaneti chaka chatha koma sanawonepo mmoyo weniweni. + +Pamene atumizidwa kukatenga mlongo wake Tanya ( Tiffany Haddish ) watsopano yemwe adakali m'ndendemo, amayi ake Lola ( Whoopi Goldberg ) akuuzanso Danica kuti Tanya ayenera kukhala kunyumba kwake. Tanya adadabwa ndi nyumba ya Danica, ndipo adapeza kuti Bailey yemwe adamukonda kwambiri Bailey (adrian Conrad) adamusiya mkazi wina. Tanya akuganiza Danica lichitidwa catfished kuyambira iye sanayambe awonapo Charlie munthu. + +Tsiku lotsatira, Tanya ndi Danica amaima ndi Brown Bean, malo ogulitsira khofi pafupi ndi ntchito ya Danica. Frank ( Omari Hardwick ), mwiniwake wa sitolo yemwe ali ndi vuto la Danica, akutsutsa kuti amalola Tanya kugwira ntchito ku sitolo. Pamene Danica akutenga Tanya kuchokera kuntchito usiku womwewo akuyenda mwangozi pamsonkhano wa AA womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mu sitolo ndipo amamva kuti Frank ankakonda kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndikupeza kuti ali m'ndende zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. + +Tanya atapeza kuti "Charlie" kwenikweni ndi mwamuna wotchedwa Lawrence ( Chris Rock ), Danica akunena zinthu zoipa kwa Tanya zomwe zimamukhumudwitsa Tanya kwambiri amasankha kupita kunja kwa amayi awo. Danica akuwonetsa kuti akugwira ntchito mwatakonzeka komanso wosakonzekera kupereka pulogalamu yomwe wakhala akugwira ndikuyimitsa. + +Mnyamata wa Tanya, Danica, ndi Danica Kalli ( Amber Riley ) akuyang'anira Lawrence, mwamuna yemwe ali pa njinga ya olumala ali ndi Jheri curl, ndipo amamukakamiza kuti amunamize Danica. + +Tsiku lotsatira, Frank amasiya kukondweretsa Danica, ndipo amatha kunena za maubwenzi awo akale, koma amatha kugonana. Tsopano, ndikudzidzimuka ndi zomwe zakhala zikuchitika, Danica amamuyitana Kalli ndikumuuza kuti wagona ndi Frank ndikumuuza kuti sakupeza wokongola chifukwa cha zolakwa zake zapitazo, osadziwa kuti adakali m'nyumba yake. Tsopano akudzimvera chisoni chifukwa chomukhumudwitsa Frank, Danica akuzindikira kuti amamukonda ndipo akufuna kumupatsa mwayi wachiwiri. + +Patapita miyezi itatu, Danica ndi Kalli adziŵa kuti Charlie ndi weniweni ndipo nkhani yake idasokonezedwa ndi Lawrence, mphunzitsi wake wakale wa koleji. Charlie akuwonetsa ku ofesi ya Danica. Frank akuwona Danica akusiya ntchito ndi Charlie ndikutsutsana naye. Danica akupitirira tsiku loipa ndi Charlie ndipo amadziwa kuti si iye yemwe amamukonda iye, ndipo amapambana Frank. Frank akukayikira kulola Danica m'nyumba mwake mpaka atayimba " Pa Bended Knee " mu mvula, chinachake amamuuza iye nthawi ina, ndipo adagwirizananso monga banja. Pamapeto pake, Tanya, chifukwa cha kuseketsa kwake, akuphwanya ukwati wa Bailey monga malipiro ake kuti amuvulaze mlongo wake. + +Sakani + + Tika Sumpter monga Danica + Haddy wa Tiffany monga Tanya, mlongo wa Danica + Whoopi Goldberg monga Lola; Amayi a Tanya ndi a Danica + Omari Hardwick monga Frank, bwana wa Tanya ndi bwenzi la Danica + Amber Riley monga Kalli + Mehcad Brooks monga Charlie + Missi Pyle monga Meadows Lauren + Jon Rudnitsky ndi Benji + Chris Rock monga Lawrence + Nev Schulman monga Iyemwini + Max Joseph ngati Iyemwini + Courtney Henggeler monga Hillary + +Kupanga +Mu March 2018, adalengeza Tiffany Haddish , Tika Sumpter ndi Omari Hardwick atayikidwa mu filimuyo, ndipo adatchedwa The List , ndi Tyler Perry kulemba ndikuwatsogolera, komanso kukhala wolemba pansi pa banki yake ya Tyler Perry Studios. Mwezi womwewo, Whoopi Goldberg , Amber Riley , ndi Missi Pyle nayenso anagwirizana nawo. Pambuyo pake, filimuyi inatchulidwa kuti Nobody's Fool. + +Chithunzi chachikulu chinayamba mu April 2018, ku Atlanta, Georgia. + +Kutulutsidwa +Firimuyi inatulutsidwa ku United States pa November 2, 2018, ndi Paramount Pictures . + +Kuofesi yamakanema +Wopusa wa wina alibe ndalama zokwana $ 31.7 miliyoni ku United States ndi Canada, ndipo $ 1.8 miliyoni m'magawo ena, kwa ndalama zokwana $ 33.5 miliyoni. + +Ku United States ndi Canada, Palibe Wopanda Munthu yemwe adatulutsidwa pamodzi ndi The Nutcracker ndi Four Realms ndi Bohemian Rhapsody , ndipo adayembekezeredwa ndalama zokwana madola 12-14 miliyoni kuchokera kumaseŵera 2,468 kumapeto kwa sabata. Zinapanga $ 4.8 miliyoni tsiku lake loyamba, kuphatikizapo madola 600,000 kuyambira Lachinayi usiku kutsogolo. Izi zinayamba kufika pa $ 14 miliyoni, kumaliza gawo lachitatu ku bokosilo, ndikukhazikitsa pakati pa mapepala otseguka kwambiri a filimu ya Perry. Firimuyi inagwa 53% mu sabata yachiwiri kwa $ 6.5 miliyoni, kuthetsa chisanu ndi chiwiri. + +Zolemba + +Zojambulajambula za Tyler Perry +Mafilimu 2018 +Death Star ndi mtundu wa malo osungirako malo osungirako malo komanso magalasi opambana omwe amapezeka mu Star Wars opera franchise. Imfa Yoyamba Imfa imanenedwa kukhala yoposa 100   km mpaka 160   kilomita imodzi, malinga ndi gwero . Amagwiritsa ntchito asilikali okwana 1,7 miliyoni komanso 400,000 droids. Death Star yachiŵiri imakula kwambiri, pakati pa 160   km mpaka 900   makilomita imodzi malingana ndi magwero , ndipo apamwamba kwambiri kuposa omwe amatsogolera. Onse mabaibulo izi mwezi -sized m'malinga anapangidwa kuti chachikulu mphamvu ziyerekezo maluso likhoza kuwononga angapo fleets panyanja kapena mapulaneti lonse ndi kuphulika wina ku superlasers awo. + +Chiyambi ndi kupanga +Ngakhale kuti zambiri, monga malo a superlaser, zidasinthika pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana popanga nyenyezi za Star Wars, lingaliro la Death Star pokhala malo akuluakulu ozungulira pamtunda wa makilomita 100 linali losagwirizana mwa onsewo. George Lucas anapatsa ntchito yoyamba kupanga "Star Star" kwa wojambula zithunzi ndi Colin Cantwell, amene adagwirizanitsa ndi Stanley Kubrick pa filimu ya 1968 2001: A Space Odyssey . Mu zokambirana za 2016, Cantwell adanena kuti "Sindinakonzekeretse kuti ndikhale ndi ngalande ya Death Star, koma pamene ndinali kugwira ntchito ndi nkhungu, ndinazindikira kuti zigawo ziwirizi zinagwedezeka mpaka kufika pamtunda. " Monga "zikanatengera sabata la ntchito kuti akwaniritse ndi mchenga ndikutsitsimutsa vutoli," Cantwell anapempha Lucas kuti asungitse ntchitoyo. Lucas ankakonda lingaliro, ndi chitsanzo cha Death Star chinalengedwa ndi John Stears. Phokoso lomveka lowerengera ku Death Star likuwombera pamwamba pazithunzi za Flash Gordon. Kuwonetsa malo osakwanira koma malo amphamvu a malowa kunayambitsa vuto la Industrial Light & Magic omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafanizo a Return of the Jedi. Njira yokhayo yokha ya mamita masentimita 137 inamaliza, ndipo chithunzicho chinapangidwira pang'onopang'ono kwa filimu yomaliza. Onse Stars Imfa Buku ndi osakaniza a zanyengo wathunthu ndi yachigawo ndi zojambula matte. + +Zotsatira zapadera +Kuphulika kwa Nyenyezi ya Imfa yomwe inafotokozedwa mu Edition Yapadera ya A New Hope ndi ku Return of the Jedi imamasuliridwa ndi Praxis effect , momwe phokoso lamtundu wa chinthu chimachokera kuphulika. + +Zithunzi zojambula zowonongeka zomwe zawonetsedwa pafupipafupi za chiwonongeko cha Death Star kumapeto kwa A New Hope zinali zenizeni za pakompyuta zojambula kuchokera ku Jet Propulsion Laboratory zopangidwa ndi Larry Cuba ndi Gary Imhoff monga gawo la Project CalArts , ndipo anaphatikizidwa pa kujambula. + +Pambuyo pa kujambula kujambula, chitsanzo choyambirira chinatayidwa kunja; Komabe, wogwira ntchito ya ILM anachipeza. + +Star Wars spacecraft +Fernando Yakobo (born December 20, 1994) ndi dzina lake lachidziwitso lakuti Fern Gee ndi woimba wa Zambian komanso wojambula zithunzi omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake ya luso. + +Zolemba +Anthu amoyo +1994 kubadwa +Daniela Sofia Korn Ruah (anabadwa December 2, 1983) ndi Chipwitikizi American Ammayi amadziwika kuti kusewera NCIS Special Mtumiki Kensi Blye mu CBS apolisi procedural mndandanda NCIS: Los Angeles . + +Moyo wakuubwana +Ruah anabadwira ku Boston , US, kwa makolo achiyuda ochokera ku Portugal , kumene mayi ake ndi katswiri wamagetsi ndi bambo ake ndi opaleshoni ya ENT. Ruah ali ndi zaka 5, banja lake linabwerera ku Portugal, kumene adapita ku St Julian's School ndipo, pa 16, anayamba kuchita telenovelas. Anapambana mpikisano wothamanga wa Chipwitikizi ndi TV. + +Ruah anasamukira ku England ali ndi zaka 18 ndipo adalandira Bachelor of Arts pakuchita zamisiri kuchokera ku London Metropolitan University . Anabwerera ku Portugal kumene adapitirizabe kuchita, ndipo mu 2007 adasamukira ku New York City kukaphunzira ku Theatre Strasberg Theatre ndi Film Institute . + +Cholowa chake ndi Sephardic Jewish ndi Ashkenazi Jewish . Bambo ake ali a Chipwitikizi-Makolo achiyuda a Moroccan, ndipo amayi ake anali a Chirasha-Aukreniya omwe anasamukira ku Portugal. + +Ntchito +Ruah anayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Chipwitikizi ali mwana. Ntchito yake yoyamba inali ndi zaka 16, pamene ankasewera Sara pa sopo opanga Jardins Proibidos ("Oletsedwa M'minda"). + +Ali ndi zaka 18, anasamukira ku London kuti akaphunzire ku London Metropolitan University , kumene adalandira Woyamba mu Zojambula. Ruah anabwerera ku Portugal kukapitiriza ntchito yake. Anapambana mpikisano wotchuka Dança Comigo (Chipwitikizi cha Dancing ndi Stars ) ndipo ali ndi maudindo akuluakulu mu ma TV, mafilimu achidule, ndi masewero. Mu 2007, anasamukira ku New York kuti akaphunzire ku Lee Strasberg Theatre ndi Film Institute . + +Ruah nyenyezi ngati Wothandizira Wapadera Kensi Blye ku NCIS: Los Angeles , yomwe inayamba pa September 22, 2009. Mu 2011, iye adawonetsera khalidweli mu maonekedwe a alendo ku mndandanda wa Hawaii Five-0. + +Mu 2013, Ruah anaonekera David Auburn 'm modabwitsa kusewera Umboni pa Los Angeles' Hayworth Theatre. + +Pa January 8, 2018, adatsimikiziridwa kuti Ruah adzagwirizana ndi Eurovision Song Contest 2018 ku Lisbon , Portugal pamodzi ndi Catarina Furtado , Sílvia Alberto ndi Filomena Cautela. + +Moyo waumwini +Ruah ali distinguishable birthmark diso lake lamanja, wotchedwa nevus wa Ota. + +Ruah ndipo kenako adakali pachibwenzi ndi David Paul Olsen, mchimwene wake wamkulu ndipo ali ndi mbiri ya Ruis ya NCIS: nyenyezi ya Los Angeles Eric Christian Olsen , anali ndi mwana wamwamuna mu December, 2013. Patapita miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pa June 17, 2014, Ruah ndi Olsen anakwatira ku Portugal potsatizana. Olsen ndi Lutheran. Ruah ndi Olsen anali ndi mwana wachiwiri, mwana wamkazi mu September, 2016. + +Filmography + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1983 kubadwa +Kondwani Kaira, imadziwika ndi gawo dzina lake Olemekezeka 187, ndi Zambian ntchafu kadumphidwe woimba, wakale Infinix kazembe ndi kale Proflight kazembe ku Province Copperbelt anasaina pansi Alpha zisangalalo Music. Iye ndi mchimwene wamng'ono wa Macky 2 . Akuti dzina la Chef 187 limatanthauza kupha, kuphika ndi kutumikira (wophika) pamene 187 ndilo liwu lachigamu la kuphedwa lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apolisi a ku America. Kutanthauzira kwina kumatanthawuza kuti ngati nyimbo zili ngati chakudya , ndiye ndiye mtsogoleri. + +Ntchito +Mkulu wa 187 woyamba anasonyeza chidwi ndi nyimbo pamene anali ndi zaka 5, koma adangoganiza kuti ndi ntchito yake mu 2003 atamuwona mchimwene wake wamkulu Macky 2 akuyenda bwino mu makampani. Mu 2005 analemba nyimbo yake yoyamba. Mu 2010 iye anathandizana ndi Macky 2 , kugwira njanji diss mutu wakuti "2010", akulimbana pa rapper mbama Dee Anathandiza Kukhazikitsa za XYZ timva zosangalatsa. + +Discography + + Amnesia - 2017 + Mtima wa Mkango - 2015 + Amenso Pamo (Deluxe Edition) + +Nyimbo zosankhidwa + + "Kumalila Ngoma" - 2014 + "Ndipuseni ine" + "Big Shofolo" + "99 ntchito" + "Makukonda" + "Msonkhano wamilandu" + "Amnesia" + "Mphunzitsi Wabwino Bad Kasukulu" + "Ifya Kumwena Kubukulu" ft. Mumba Yachi + "Kupambana" + "Sindikuyembekezera Kukuuzani Ndinakuuzani" ft. S Roxy + "Osakayikira" ft. S Roxy + +Mphoto + + 2015 - Wopambana Album Album - Mtima wa Lion + 2015 - Best Hip Hop Album - Mtima wa Mkango + 2015 - Wopambana kwambiri Wopambana Mkazi Wolemba Mkazi - Mtsogoleri 187 + 2015 - Kugwirizana Kwambiri - "Kumalila Ngoma" (Mtsogoleri 187   ft. Chofunikira) + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana kunja + + +Anthu amoyo +Chaka chobadwira chikusowa (anthu amoyo) +Nkhani ndi hCards +Pages with unreviewed translations +Vannarah Riggs (June 30, 1989) ndi Wrestler Wrestler yemwe tsopano wasindikizidwa kuti Impact Wrestling pansi pa dzina lache Su Yung , kumene ali nthawi imodzi Yotsitsimula Akatswiri. Iye poyamba ankagwira ntchito WWE , kumene iye mpikisano ake kakulidwe gawo Florida Championship Kulimbana (FCW) pansi mphete dzina Sonia. + +Moyo waumwini +Iye anakwatiwa ndi wrestler mnzake wrestler Rich Swann mu March 2017. Pa December 10, 2017, mwamuna wake wa Riggs Swann anamangidwa ku Gainesville, ku Florida chifukwa cha ma batri ndi kuwatenga / kundende. Wopwetekayo adadziwika kuti ndi mkazi wake. Malingana ndi lipoti lakumangidwa, Swann ndi Riggs adakangana pa Swann akudandaula kuti Riggs akugwira ntchito usiku womwewo. Pamene Riggs anayesera kuthawa ndi Swann, mboni zimati iye amugwira pamutu ndikumukankhira kumbuyo kwa galimoto yake. Swann anatulutsidwa m'ndende ya Alachua County Jail tsiku lomwelo ndipo adamuuza kuti akalumikizane ndi misonkhano yamilandu. Pa January 25, 2018, milandu yonse yotsutsa Swann inachotsedwa, pamene aphungu adatsimikiza kuti panali "umboni wosakwanira" kuti apite patsogolo ndi mlanduwo. + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Webusaiti yathuyi + Su Yung pa Impact Wrestling + +Anthu amoyo +1989 kubadwa +Kuwombera kwa mzikiti ya Christchurch kunali kuopsa koopsya kwa azungu ku Al Noor Mosque ndi Linwood Islamic Center ku Christchurch , New Zealand , pa Lachisanu pemphero pa 15 March 2019. Anthu osachepera 49 anaphedwa pa kuwombera ndipo anthu oposa 20 anavulala. Anthu atatu akudandaula anamangidwa ndi mlandu umodzi. Nkhondoyi inanenedwa kuti ndi ndondomeko ya zigawenga ndi nduna yaikulu ya New Zealand Jacinda Ardern ndi maboma osiyanasiyana padziko lonse. Nkhondoyi ndi yomwe inachitika kwambiri ku New Zealand kuyambira mu 1943, mndende wa Featherston wa ndende yomwe anthu 49 anaphedwa. Chinanso chinali chowombera choyamba ku New Zealand kuyambira 1997 kuphedwa kwa Raurimu. + +Kukumana +Kuukira kumeneku kunayambira pa Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton ndi Linwood Islamic Center, pa 13:40 pa 15 March 2019 NZDT (05:40 UTC ). Apolisi adapeza mabomba awiri galimoto. Nkhondo Yachilendo ku New Zealand inawadetsa popanda chochitika. + +Al Noor Msikiti, Riccarton +Munthu wina wothamanga kwambiri athamanga ku Mosque Al Noor ku Deans Ave, Riccarton cha m'ma 1.40pm. The Al Noor chowombelera livestreamed mphindi 16 za nkhondo yake pa Facebook Live , kumene iye kudziwika monga 28 wazaka azungu Australia Zaka zoyambirira za livestream zinasonyeza woyendetsa galimotoyo akuyendetsa galimoto yake kumsasa ndipo akumvetsera nyimbo ya Chiserbia yomwe ikukondwerera Radovan Karadžić , yemwe anapezeka ndi mlandu wa kuphedwa kwa Asilamu a ku Bosnia. Mfuti zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito phokosoli zinkalembedwa ndi zolemba zoyera zomwe zimatchulidwa anthu kuchokera ku mbiri yakale mpaka kumbuyo kwa nkhondo zomwe zinkachita nkhondo ndi Asilamu. Mabukuwa anaphatikizapo intaneti zambiri, ndipo dzina la Ebba Åkerlund anali pamwamba pa mfuti, yemwe anavutitsidwa ndi zigawenga zachisilamu ku Stockholm , anaphedwa ndi kutchetcha galimoto.Anthu mazana atatu kapena asanu akhoza kukhala ali mumsasa, kupita ku Pemphero la Lachisanu , panthawi ya kuwombera. Mzinda wina wa mzikitiwu unauza olemba nkhani kuti adamuona athawira mumsasawo ndipo akuponya zida zomwe zinkawombera pamsewu pomwe adathawa. + +Linwood Islamic Center +Wothamanga wachiwiri anaukira Linwood Islamic Center. Msonkhano wina unabwereranso moto. Apolisi adatsimikizira kuti "ndizowonongeka panthawi imodzi." + +Zolemba + +Kupha misala mu 2019 +2019 kuwombera misala +Pages with unreviewed translations +Maiko Zulu ndi woimba wa ku Zambia, wofuna ufulu waumunthu komanso nthumwi yovomerezeka ya bungwe lapadziko lonse la anthu ogwira ntchito ku Zambia. Ntchito yake yomwe ikugulitsidwa ndi mafakitale ndi nyimbo za ufulu waumunthu imadziwikanso ponseponse komanso m'mayiko ena. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Maiko anabadwira mumzinda wa Livingstone, Zambia. Anakulira pa famu yake. Maiko anasamukira Lusaka, likulu la Zambia ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi malinga ndi biography yake pa Maiko Zulu website. Mu Lusaka maiko adayamba ntchito yake yoimba. Analowa makampani opanga nyimbo ndi dzina lake lotchedwa St. Michael, dzina limene anasintha pambuyo pake. Malinga ndi zomwe nyuzipepala ya Times ya Zambia inayankha ndi Zulu, Zulu adati adasintha dzina lake kuti " asungidwe ndi chikhalidwe chake cha ku Africa tsopano, kulandira malemba a Maiko ". + +Ntchito ya nyimbo +Maiko ndi wolemba nyimbo, woimba ndi wofalitsa. Nyimbo zake zikuphatikizapo pulezidenti wa Mad, nyimbo yomwe boma la TV lofalitsa TV linakana kusewera pamalo awo. Maiko akugwiritsanso ntchito pokhala Studio pa zisudzo za Muvi TV ku Lusaka. + +Discography + + Mu Ghetto (2001) + Kupsyinjika (2003) + Mtsogoleri wadziko (2006) + Monk Square Revolution (2008) + +Ntchito yamtundu +Maiko akuyamikiridwa kuti akulimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu ku Zambia. Analandira mphoto chifukwa cha ntchitoyi kuchokera ku International Labor Organization. Amalankhula m'malo mwa anthu osauka, makamaka ana. Iye ndi wotsutsa wotsutsa wa ndale. Posakhalitsa adayambitsa zotsutsa zotsutsana ndi zandale za Zambia "anapitirizabe kuzunzidwa kwa olemba nkhani. Iye wathanso kukweza ndalama ndi kupereka zinthu zofunika zofunika ku ndende + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Purezidenti wa Mad madama CD Zamtunes + Maiko zulu +Anthu amoyo +Pages with unreviewed translations +Juba (aka "Joba") ndi pseudonym wa ananena Sniper nawo Iraq nkhondo 'm zigawenga , nkhani mavidiyo angapo. Yachiwiri mwa mavidiyowa akuwonetsa Juba akudandaula kuti adaphera asirikari 37 a ku America. Kaya Juba ndi munthu weniweni, gawo lomwe amagawana ndi anthu angapo, kapena kufalitsa / kufalitsa nkhani sikudziwika. + +Juba anakhala wotchuka pambuyo pa luso lapadera lotha kuwombera linawonetsedwa m'mavidiyo a pa Intaneti omwe adatulutsidwa. + +Juba sniper mwachionekere ankagwira ntchito zambiri za Sunni zigawo za Iraq, makamaka chigawo cha Anbar chomwe chinali chigawo chakupha kwambiri kwa asilikali a US pa nkhondo ya Iraq. Mavidiyo a Juba anali otsika koma anasonyezanso masewero enieni a nkhondo ndi nasheeds . M'makanema ambiri, Juba akuwoneka akupha asilikali ambiri a US ndi zomwe zikuoneka kuti ndi Dragunov , mfuti ya ku Russia. Juba amawonedwa akupha mkati mwa mamita mazana angapo mpaka mamita chikwi osamvetseka mu mavidiyo otulutsidwa ndi molondola kwambiri. + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Nkhani zimakamba + + Carroll, Rory (2005). Sniper yosavuta imaphwanya malamulo a US ku Baghdad , The Guardian , pa August 5, 2005 + Juba ndi Sniper Legend ikukakamiza asilikali ku Iraq , Stars ndi Stripes , pa April 22, 2007 +Anthu osadziwika +Mwinamwake anthu amoyo +Pages with unreviewed translations +A hula hoop ndi chidole hoop kuti twirled padziko m'chiuno, miyendo kapena khosi. Hla hoop yamakono inakhazikitsidwa mu 1958 ndi Arthur K. "Spud" Melin ndi Richard Knerr , koma ana ndi akulu kuzungulira dziko lapansi adasewera ndi ziboda m'mbiri yonse. Hula amawunikira ana ambiri amayeza pafupifupi masentimita 70 (28   mu) m'mimba mwake, pamene anthu akuluakulu amayesa pafupifupi mamita 1 (40   mu). Zipangizo zamakono za makoswe zikuphatikizapo msondodzi , rattan (mpesa wolimba komanso wamphamvu), mpesa ndi udzu wolimba. Masiku ano, kaŵirikaŵiri amapangidwa ndi matope a pulasitiki . + +Chiyambi +Native American Hoop Dance ndi mawonekedwe ovina ovina omwe akuphatikizapo makoswe ngati mapulogalamu. Mapulogalamuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zonse zooneka bwino komanso zolimba, zomwe zimaimira nyama zosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro, ndi zolemba. Kuvina kumachitika kawirikawiri wokhala ndi masewera ambiri. + +Asanadziŵike ndi kudziwika ngati chidole chodziwika bwino cha pulasitiki (nthaŵi zina chimadzazidwa ndi madzi kapena mchenga), "hula hoop" yachikhalidwe inali yopangidwa ndi msondodzi wouma, rattan, mphesa, kapena udzu wolimba. Ngakhale kuti akhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti iwo anapangidwa m'ma 1950. + +Mlembi wina dzina lake Charles Panati analemba za "chilakolako" chogwiritsa ntchito matabwa a matabwa ndi zitsulo m'zaka za m'ma 1400 ku England. Iye akunena kuti madokotala amachiza odwala omwe amamva ululu, amachoka mmbuyo, ngakhalenso kusokonezeka kwa mtima chifukwa cha hooping. Panati imanenanso kuti dzina lakuti " hula " linachokera kuvina la Hawaii m'zaka za zana la 18, chifukwa cha maulendo omwewo. + +Mbiri yamakono +Chombo cha hula chinatchuka padziko lonse kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, pamene buku la pulasitiki linagulitsidwa bwino ndi kampani ya toyunivesite ya California ya Wham-O . Mu 1957, Richard Knerr ndi Arthur "Spud" Melin , akuyamba ndi lingaliro la nsomba za ku Australia zomwe zinapangidwa ndi "bamboo", zopangidwa ndi maola 1.06 (42   mu) makoswe okhala ndi pulasitiki ya Marlex . Pogulitsa ntchito, malonda ndi malonda ogulitsa katundu, dziko lonse la July 1958 linapangidwa: mapepala apulasitiki okwana mamiliyoni makumi awiri ndi asanu adagulitsidwa miyezi yosachepera inayi, ndipo malonda anafika ku maunite oposa 100 miliyoni m'zaka ziwiri. Carlon Products Corporation inali imodzi mwa oyamba kupanga hula hoop; Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1950, Carlon anali kupanga makoswe oposa 50,000 pa tsiku. Phirili linalowetsedwa ku National Toy Hall of Fame ku Strong ku Rochester, New York , mu 1999. + +Nkhokwe ya hula inasokoneza dziko lonse, ikufanso m'zaka za m'ma 1980, koma osati ku China ndi ku Russia, kumene kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hula kumapangitsa kuti anthu azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi. + +Kusuntha kwamakono + +Posachedwa,   pakhala kuyambiranso kwa hula hooping, komwe kumatchulidwa kuti "hoopdance" kapena " hooping " kuti imasiyanitse ndi mawonekedwe a ana. The jam band The String Cheese Incident imatchulidwa kuti ikuthandizira kukonzanso kachidwi. Mamembala a gulu adayamba kuponyera makompyuta akuluakulu pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, akulimbikitsa ojambula awo kuti aziwombera ndi kuvina, kufalitsa mawu ndi zosangalatsa. Kuyambira mu 2003 ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Hooping.org kuti magulu ang'onoang'ono a hoopers anayamba kupeza mzake pa intaneti ndi malo enieni ndipo kayendedwe kanayamba kukula. Bay Area Hoopers adayamba ku San Francisco panthawiyo nthawi zonse ankakhala ndi "nyimbo zowonongeka" ndi nyimbo zomwe zimangoyambika ndi gulu lokhalira lija linayamba kufotokozedwa m'midzi yonse padziko lapansi. Mu 2006 Hoopin 'Annie anali ndi lingaliro lokhazikitsa holide yotsegulira ndipo tsiku loyamba la Padziko Lonse linachitikira mu 2007. Hla hooping yamakono ikuwoneka pa zikondwerero ndi zochitika zambiri ku USA, UK, Australia ndi Europe. + +Ma hoopers ambiri amadzipangira okha mapepala a PVC , kapena polypropylene tubing (yotchedwa polypro). Mitsempha ya polyethylene , makamaka mapiritsi a polyvinyl chloride , ndi aakulu kwambiri ndipo ndi olemera kuposa makoswe a m'ma 1950. Kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwa chiwindi kumakhudza kalembedwe kake. Zingwe zolemera kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kuti azisewera ndi osewera, pamene kuwala, kutentha kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira. Mitsempha iyi ingapangidwe mu nsalu kapena mapepala apulasitiki kuti apange chithunzi chowoneka bwino ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa chingwe ndi danse. Gaffer Tape imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kulumikiza mkati mwa hula hoop kuti yowonjezera kapena pogwiritsira ntchito hula hoop yopanda kanthu ikhoza kupukutidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsapato. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito tepi, yojambulidwa, kapena tepi yowala, ndipo ena amapangidwa ndi matope omveka bwino ndipo samadzazidwa ndi zipangizo (nthawi zambiri zidole za ana zili ndi zida zambiri). Zipangizo zamakono za LED zakhala zikudziwitsidwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, kulola makoswe kuti awoneke pawombera kapena kutayika. Zokonzedweratu 'Smart Hoops' zilipo zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zosiyanasiyana zapadera ndipo zina zingathe kupangidwira mwa kugwiritsa ntchito pafoni. + +Kusuntha kwamakono kwachititsa zidule zambiri. Kudumphira tsopano kumaphatikizapo ambiri 'pamatupi' omwe amayenda ndipo ambiri 'amachotsedwa thupi'. Zitsanzo zochepa zimaphatikizapo kupuma, kudzipatula, kumangiriza mwendo, ndi kuikiranso kawiri. + +Kuwombera kwatha tsopano kumakhala ntchito yotchuka yolimbitsa thupi, ndi makalasi mu mizinda yambiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Zimakhala zovuta kwa oyamba kumene kuyamba ndi zinthu zambiri zopezeka pa intaneti. + +Kuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa kumene kumapangidwanso kumakhala kutentha kwa moto, kumene maulasi amaikidwa kunja kwa chingwe ndipo amadzaza ndi kevlar wicks, omwe amathiridwa mafuta ndi kuwotcha moto . + +Makampani ena amapanga makoswe a hula osokonezeka kuti azitha kuyenda mosavuta komanso osagwirizana. +Zidole za m'ma 1950 +Pages with unreviewed translations +" Wokondedwa Mama " ndi nyimbo ya woimba Zambia komanso wolemba nyimbo B Flow ndi nyimbo ya mutu wake kuchokera ku album yake yachisanu Dear Mama (2016). Linalembedwa ndi lopangidwa ndi B Tsambulani ndi kupanga chogwiridwa ndi Killa Beats 'KB'. Idawamasulidwa mu March 2016, monga imodzi yokha yochokera ku album. + +"Wokondedwa Mama" ndi nyimbo komwe B Flow akufotokozera nkhani ya mavuto omwe anakumana nawo ali mwana ndipo akufuula chifukwa chake amayi ake ochedwa - Genesis a nkhani yake yogonjetsa sali pano kuti adye kuti apambane. Amakumbukiranso za masiku a Kabwe. + +Kuphatikiza ndi tanthawuzo +"Wokondedwa Mama" inalembedwa ndi kulembedwa ndi B Flow. Nkhaniyi imaphatikizapo mbali zina za Pulezidenti wa United States Barack Obama pa Youth Young Leaders Initiative (YALI) ku Washington DC kumene adalandiridwa ndi Purezidenti waku America. + +Nyimbo imatanthauza +Nyimboyi idaimbidwa ku Nyanja ndi Chingerezi komwe B Flow ikufuula chifukwa chake amayi ake ochedwa - Genesis a nkhani yake ya chigonjetso sali pano kuti adye kuti apambane. Iye akukumbutsanso za masiku a Kabwe komwe adagulitsa kugula maswiti m'misewu ya Kabwe kuti adye ndi Barack Obama. Mmawu ake omwe kuchokera mu nyimbo, B Flow ndi "kudya ndi mafumu ndi Queens ". + +Tsatirani mndandanda + +Tamasulidwa mbiri + +Zolemba + +Zogwirizana kunja + + Zambian Artist "B Flow" Yodziwika ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama + B Flow - DEAR MAMA (Official Video) +Nyimbo za 2015 +Nyimbo za B Flow +Pages with unreviewed translations +Otsogolera Akazi kapena a Chingerezi Leading Ladies ndi mautatu 2-3 a zojambula za Zambian podcast zomwe zinatulutsidwa pa March 27, 2019 pa YouTube, Facebook ndi LinkedIn, omwe aperekedwa kwa akazi a ku Zambia pakati pa zaka za 17 ndi 19 omwe anali ndi udindo waukulu wa utsogoleri. Podcast yamafilimu imapangidwa ndi Women's History Museum ku Zambia ndi Hivos Southern Africa. Nkhaniyi imachokera ku mapiri 10 a Zambia, osungidwa ku National Archives of Zambia ndipo analemba ndi Mulenga Kapwepwe ndi Samba Yonga omwe adatulutsa podcast. Nkhani yoyamba yakuti The General inamasulidwa ku Women's History Museum. + +Zolemba + +Web series +Zambian History +Dr. Nana Anima Wiafe-Akenten ndi dokotala wa zamankhwala wa ku Ghana komanso Mtsogoleri wa Dipatimenti ya Akan-Nzema ya College of Languages Languages, Ajumako Campus wa University of Education, Winneba ku Ghana. Iye ndi munthu woyamba kulandira digiti ya doctorate mu chinenero cha Twi , chimodzi mwa mitundu ya chinenero cha Akan . + +Moyo waumwini +Dr Anima akuchokera ku Atwima-Ofoase m'chigawo cha Ashanti . Dr. Anima anakulira m'banja la aphunzitsi . Iye wakwatiwa ndi Dr. Charles B. Wiafe-Akenten, amenenso ali mphunzitsi pa Dipatimenti ya Psychology ya University of Ghana . Mwana wake woyamba, Dr Michael Wiafe-Kwagyan, ndi mphunzitsi wokhala ndi Plant Science Department mu bungwe lomwelo. Ali ndi ana atatu aakazi - Nana Adwoa, Awo Asantewaa, ndi Ohenemaa Wiafewaa. + +Maphunziro +Dr. Anima adachita maphunziro ake apamwamba ku Sukulu ya Sekondale ya St. Roses, Akwatia ku Eastern Region Ghana pakati pa 1991 ndi 1993. Anapita ku yunivesite ya Ghana pa digiri yake yoyamba, anamaliza maphunziro a Bachelor of Arts mu Linguistics ndi Theatre Arts (Theatre for Extension Communication) mu 1995. Analandira Doctorate Degree kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Ghana mu July, 2017 mu Chiyankhulo cha Chiyanja cha Ghana (Akan Linguistics - Media Discourse). Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, analemba kalata yake pamagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano a Akan pa wailesi ndi pa TV ( ) m'chinenero cha Twi, munthu woyamba kuchita zimenezo. Malinga ndi iye, vuto lalikulu la kulemba pepala lophunzirira ku Twi linali kutanthauzira molondola mawu ogwidwa ndi mawu olembedwa a sayansi kuchokera ku Chingerezi. + +Ntchito ya wailesi +Anagwira ntchito pa GTV , kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2013. Analinso ndi pulogalamu yotchedwa Amammerefie pa wailesi yakanema, Asempa FM pakati pa 2008 ndi 2010. Kuwonjezera apo, adagwira ntchito monga mutu wa Akan ku Top Radio ndi Radio Universe zonse zomwe zili ku Accra. + +Ntchito ya anthu +Dr. Anima adakhazikitsa Language Watch Foundation kuti athandize kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero choipa pa airwaves. Akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa chinenero cha Nananom ndi Media Center kuti aphunzitse anthu mu luso la kulemba mu Twi, mawu osankhidwa, kuyankhula pagulu, kugwiritsa ntchito miyambi ya Twi ndi mawu amodzi . + +Zolemba + +Chaka chobadwira chikusowa (anthu amoyo) +Anthu amoyo +Facebook (nthawizina yofupikitsidwa kwa FB ) ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi webusaitiyi inayamba mu February 2004. Linamangidwa ndi Mark Zuckerberg. Lili ndi Facebook, Inc. , Facebook ili ndi ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 1 biliyoni. Ogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kupanga mbiri yanu , kuwonjezera ena ogwiritsa ntchito ngati abwenzi, ndi kutumiza mauthenga. Ogwiritsa ntchito Facebook ayenera kulemba asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba. Dzina la utumiki limachokera ku dzina la buku lopatsidwa kwa ophunzira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha sukulu ndi mayunivesite ena ku United States. Mabuku awa amathandiza ophunzira kuti adziwane bwino. Facebook imalola aliyense ogwiritsa ntchito omwe ali osachepera zaka 13 kuti azigwiritsa ntchito webusaitiyi. + +Facebook yakhazikitsidwa ndi Mark Zuckerberg ndi anzake ogwira nawo sukulu komanso ophunzira ena a sayansi ya sayansi ya Eduardo Saverin , Dustin Moskovitz ndi Chris Hughes . Umembala wa webusaitiyi unali wa ophunzira a Harvard poyamba. Kenaka zinaphatikizapo ma sukulu ena ku Boston , Ivy League , ndi University of Stanford . Pomalizira pake anatsegulira ophunzira ku mayunivesite ena. Pambuyo pake, idatseguka kwa ophunzira a sekondale, ndipo pomalizira pake, kwa aliyense wa zaka 13 ndi kupitirira. Malingana ndi ConsumersReports.org mu May 2011, pali ana 7.5 miliyoni oposa 13 omwe ali ndi akaunti. Izi zimaphwanya malamulo a webusaitiyi. + +A January 2009 Compete.com amaphunzira kuti Facebook ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pogwiritsa ntchito ogwiritsa ntchito pamwezi. Zosangalatsa Masabata onse amaika malo kumapeto kwake kwa zaka khumi . Ilo linati, "Pansi pa dziko lapansi ife timalankhula bwanji zochitika zathu, kukumbukira tsiku lakubadwa kwathu, ogwirizanitsa anzathu, ndi kusewera masewero a Scrabulous pamaso pa Facebook?" Anthu akuganiza kuti Facebook ili ndi alendo okwana 138.9 miliyoni mwezi uliwonse mu May 2011. Malingana ndi Social Media Today , mu April 2010 anthu okwana 41.6% a US anali ndi akaunti ya Facebook. Kukula kwa Facebook kunayamba kuchepetsedwa m'madera ena. Malowa anawonongeka ogwiritsa ntchito mamiliyoni 7 ku United States ndi Canada mu May 2011 poyerekezera ndi chiwerengero chakale. + +Kudzudzula +Facebook yakhala ikukhudzidwa pazokangana zambiri pazinsinsi. Zina mwa zotsutsanazi zakhala zikukhudza anthu omwe akutha kuona mauthenga awo omwe anthu ena amawatumizira, ndipo ena ali pafupi makampani ndi otsatsa akutha kuona mauthenga aumwini omwe akugwiritsa ntchito. + +Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa m'magazini PLOS ONE wasonyeza kuti Facebook ikhoza kuyambitsa kufalitsa chisangalalo pakati pa anthu komanso kusunga anthu. Asayansi apeza kuti nthawi yochuluka imene anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pa Facebook patatha milungu iwiri, kenako iwo anamva. "Pamwamba, Facebook imapereka chithandizo chamtengo wapatali chokwaniritsa zofunika zaumunthu zogwirizana. M'malo molimbikitsa ubwino, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti Facebook ikhoza kuipitsa. " + +Zolemba + +Mawebusaiti ena + + Facebook homepage + +Social networking +Meta, Inc. ndi American multinational Internet corporation yomwe ili ndi Facebook. Anali a Maliko Zuckerberg, omwe anayambitsa ndi eni ake omwe anapatsidwa antchito ake koma adayamba pa February 1, 2012, ndipo anali ndi udindo waukulu ku Menlo Park, California. Facebook, Inc. inayamba kugulitsa katundu pa NASDAQ pa May 18, 2012. + +Zolemba + +Facebook +Pages with unreviewed translations +Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor (anabadwa pa 6 Meyi 2019) ndi mwana wa Prince Harry, Duke wa Sussex, ndi Meghan, Duchess wa Sussex. Iye ali wachisanu ndi chiwiri mzere wotsatizana ku mpando wachifumu wa Britain. +Anthu amoyo +2019 kubadwa +Japan jap. - 日本国) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Asia. + +Chiwerengero cha anthu: 126,330,302 (2018) + Mfumu : Naruhito + Pulezidenti : Shinzo Abe +Donald Trump ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la United States kuyambira mu 2017. + +Zolemba + +Obadwa mu 1946 +Anthu amoyo +United States +Mode Gakuen Cocoon Tower ndi tower lina la dziko la Tokyo,Japan. +Brazil (pt. - República Federativa do Brasil) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku South America. Mzinda wa mfumu: Brasília. + + Maonekedwe: 8,515,767,049 km² + Kuchuluka: 23 ta’ata/km² + Chiwerengero cha anthu: 208,494,900 (2018) + +Demographics + +Zolemba + +Malifalensi + +South America +Maiko a ku America +Zanco Mpundu Mutembo (wobadwa 1936) ndi mtsogoleri wankhondo wa ku Zambia yemwe anali Chairman wa National Youth Chairman. Ndiye bambo wa ku Chiwonetsero cha Ufulu wa ku Zambia amene anathyola maunyolo nthawi ya nkhondo yomenyera ufulu wawo. + +Moyo wakuubwana +Mutembo adabadwa mu 1936 ku Mbala. Iye ndi mchimwene wake, Arnold, adalowa ndewu yolimbana ndi atsamunda ku Northern Province ali ndi zaka 18 mchaka cha 1954. Iwo adasiya sukulu bambo awo atamwalira ndipo adalowa nawo nkhondo yankhondo motsogozedwa ndi Robert Makasa ndi Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe. + +Kagwiritsidwe + +Anthu amoyo +1936 kubadwa +King Cassie Kabwita (wobadwa pa 13 Okutobala 1988), yemwe amadziwika bwino ndi dzina la King Cassie ndi wojambula komanso wakujambula waku Zambia amadziwikanso kwanthawi mu Zambia mndandanda wa Loves Games ngati Tamara Hamonga ndipo amadziwika pantchito zake ku 2015 film Sink or Swim: The Perilous Journey. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +1988 kubadwa +Imfa yotsatirayi ya anthu odziwika idachitika mu 2019. Mayina adanenedwa pansi pa tsiku la kumwalira, motsatira zilembo zamagulu achisangalalo kapena pseudonym. + +Kulowa komweko kumapereka chidziwitso munjira zotsatirazi: + +September + +21 + +20 +Mel Chionglo, 73, Wotsogolera mafilimu aku Philippines (Sibak: Midnight Dancers, Burlesk King, Twilight Dancers). +Mohamed Farid Md Rafik, 43, wandale wa ku Malaysia, MP (kuyambira 2018), vuto la mtima. + +19 + +18 + +17 + +16 + +15 + +14 + +13 + +12 + +11 + +10 + +9 + +8 + +7 + +6 + +5 + +4 + +3 + +2 + +1 + +References +Mpikisano wa 2019-20 Zambia Super League ndi nyengo ya 59 ya Zambia Super League, mpikisano wa mpira wapamwamba kwambiri ku Zambia . Ino ndi nthawi yoyamba ya Super League yomwe ili ndi mtundu watsopano womwe umagwirizana ndi kalendala ya CAF . Mpikisano udayamba pa 31 August. Zesco United ndi akatswiri oteteza ndipo KYSA ndi Kansashi Dynamos ndiwo mbali zotsutsidwa kwambiri mu ligi yayikulu. + +Teams + +Stadiums and locations + +League table + +References + +External links +RSSSF + +Zambia Super League +Super League +Super League +Michael Charles Chilufya Sata (6 Julayi 1937 - 28 Okutobala 2014) anali wandale wa kuZambia yemwe anali Purezidenti wachisanu wa Zambia, kuyambira pa 23 Seputembara 2011 mpaka kumwalira kwake pa 28 Okutobala 2014. Woyimira demokalase, adatsogolera Patriotic Front ( PF), chipani chachikulu cha ndale ku Zambia. Pansi pa Purezidenti Frederick Chiluba, Sata anali nduna m'ma 1990s ngati gawo la boma la Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD); adayamba kutsutsa mu 2001, ndikupanga PF. Monga mtsogoleri wotsutsa, Sata - wotchuka "King Cobra" - adatulukira monga wotsutsana ndi wotsutsana ndi Purezidenti Levy Mwanawasa mu zisankho za 2006, koma adagonja. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Mwanawasa, Sata adathamanganso ndipo adatayika kukhala Purezidenti Rupiah Banda mchaka cha 2008. + +Patadutsa zaka 10 akutsutsana, Sata adagonjetsa Banda, yemwe adakwanitsa, kuti apambane chisankho cha Seputembara 2011 ndi kuchuluka kwa mavoti. Adamwalira ku London pa 28 Okutobala 2014, kusiya a Purezidenti a Guy Scott kukhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti mpaka zisankho zapurezidenti zidachitika pa 20 Januware 2015. + +Moyo Wamunthu +Ukwati woyamba wa Sata unali wa Margaret Manda. Pambuyo pake adakwatirana ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, Christine Kaseba, yemwe adakhala Mkazi Woyamba wa Zambia pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wake. Michael Sata akuti anali ndi ana osachepera khumi pakati pa maukwati ake awiri. + +Mu 2016, mkazi wamasiye wa Sata, a Christine Kaseba, adakana zonena za mayi wina kuti nayenso adakwatirana ndi Michael Sata. + +Matenda ndi imfa +Madera nkhawa zaumoyo wa Sata adakula mu 2014 ndipo ena adati sakuyendetsa boma kwenikweni chifukwa cha momwe alili, ngakhale boma lidakana. Anasiya kuwonekera pagulu, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zopanda pake kwa Purezidenti wopanda mawu komanso wolankhula. Owona adati akuwoneka kuti sakusangalala atatsegula nyumba yamalamulo pa 19 September ndipo kumapeto kwa mwezi wotsatira adalephera kuonekanso pagulu. Mtsogoleri wa MMD a Nevers Mumba adatinso boma lidanama za thanzi la Sata. Anasowanso kalankhulidwe pamsonkhano waukulu wamisonkhano makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi ya United Nations General Assembly pamabodza akuti adwala ku hotelo ina ku New York City. + +Pa 19 Okutobala, adachoka mdziko muno potsatira zomwe amamuwona ngati wodwala, ndikumusiya Edgar Lungu, Nduna ya Zachitetezo, woyang'anira dzikolo posakhalapo. Poganizira momwe zinthu zinalili, komanso mwadzidzidzi paulendowu, kuchoka kwa Sata kuti asawonekere pagulu komanso kuti zaka 50 zakudzilamulira kwazaka za Zambia zangotsala masiku ochepa, ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Sata amadwala kwambiri. + +Sata adamwalira pa 28 October ku London. Amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala osadziwika. Secretary of Kabin Roland Msiska adapereka chiganizo choti amwalira mochedwa masanawa. "Monga mukudziwa kuti Purezidenti amalandila chithandizo ku London. Mtsogoleri wanyumba idapita pa Okutobala 28. Kuwonongeka kwa Purezidenti Sata kuli ndi chisoni chachikulu. Mtundu udziwitsidwa za maliro." Atamwalira 23:00 mu Chipatala cha King Edward VII, mkazi wake, Christine Kaseba, mwana wamwamuna, Mulenga, ndi abale ena pabanja anali naye panthawiyo. Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Guy Scott adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri mpaka chisankho, zomwe zidamupanga kukhala mtsogoleri woyamba wa boma la Africa lomwe lili mwa demokalase ku Africa komanso woyamba kuyambira F. W. de Klerk ku Apartheid South Africa. + +Zolemba + +1937 kubadwa +2014 imfa +Pulezidenti wa Zambia +Montsoreau ndi mzinda kumpoto kwa France. Mu 2015, chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu chinali . + + Webusaiti yovomerezeka ya Montsoreau (fr) + +France +Mpundu (Bambara: Tutu; Chiyoruba: Idofun) ndi mtengo wobiriwira nthawi zonse ku Africa, womwe umapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana opanda mitengo nthawi zambiri m'malo opanda madzi okwanira pansi. Imadziwikanso kuti mapundu kapena mobola plum pambuyo pa chipatso, chomwe chimawoneka ngati chokoma ndipo chimapangitsa mtengowo kutetezedwa ndikadula mitengo kuti ikalime. + +Amakula ku Guinea Savanna dera la West Africa kuchokera ku Senegal kupita ku Chad kenako nyengo yamitengo kudutsa Equator kudutsa Kenya ndi kum'mawa kwa kontrakitala ku Miombo kudera lamapiri ku Zambia ndi Zimbabwe. Kufikira kwake kwakummwera ndikutali chabe kwa malo otentha ku South Africa, pafupifupi 25 ° S. + +Mawonekedwe +Pamaso pa mtengo waukulu umasinthasintha mawonekedwe ake. M'madera omwe kumagwa mvula yambiri (pafupifupi mamilimita 1,000 (39 mu) kapena kupitilira chaka chilichonse) imakula mpaka kukula kukula kwake pafupifupi 20 mpaka 20 metres (66-72 ft) yokhala ndi korona wozungulira 20 metres (66 ft) kudutsa. Nthambi ndi zolemera ndipo zimatha kugwa kapena kukula, ndikupatsa mtengo mawonekedwe. Mvula ikakhala yochepa imakhala yotengera bowa ndipo nthawi zambiri imakula mpaka 15m kokha. Itha kukhala yodziwika bwino komanso pamalo okwera kwambiri kum'mwera pakati pa Africa nthawi zina imakhala mtengo waukulu kutchire mumtunda wamtunda womwe dothi lake ndi losavunda bwino ndipo limatha kupaka miyezi ingapo pachaka. + +Zogwiritsa +Chomera chachikhalidwe ku Africa, chipatso chodziwika bwino ichi chitha kupititsa patsogolo chakudya, kuwonjezera chitetezo cha chakudya, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chakumidzi ndikuthandizira chisamaliro chokomera nthaka. Matabwa ndi ovuta komanso ovuta kugwira ntchito koma mwatsoka sakhala cholimba motero amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, ngakhale amapangira makala abwino. Komabe, mtengo waukulu wa mtengowo ndi chipatso chokoma, chomwe chimawoneka koyambilira nyengo yachilimwe ndipo chimatha kukololedwa kupitilira miyezi itatu kapena kupitilira apo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi ndipo kernel imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri. 3 zamkati zopondaponda ndizophatikizira mu zakumwa ndipo popeza zimatsukidwa bwino, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zakumwa zoledzeretsanso. + +Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiritsa chikhulupiriro ndi matchalitchi ena aku Zimbabwe. + +Zolemba + +van Wyk, B. and van Wyk, P. 1997. Field Guide to trees of South Africa. Struik, Cape Town + +Zipatso zochokera ku Africa +curatellifolia +Chikwangwani choyimira kapena Stop M'Chingerezi ndi chizindikiro chamsewu chopangidwa kuti chidziwitse madalaivala kuti ayenera kuima kwathunthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe magalimoto ena omwe akubwera ndipo palibe oyenda pansi omwe akudutsa asanakwere. + +Matchulidwe +Msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa Vi8 wa 1968 pa Road Signs ndi Signals umalola mitundu iwiri ya zilembo komanso mitundu itatu yovomerezeka. Sign B2a ndi octagon wofiira wokhala ndi mawu akuti "STOP" mwa zoyera. Sign B2b ndi bwalo wofiira wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi mtundu woyera kapena wachikaso, ndipo cholembedwa "STOP" mumtambo wakuda kapena wamdima. Msonkhanowu umalola kuti mawu oti "STOP" akhale mu Chingerezi kapena chilankhulo cha dzikolo. Mtundu womalizidwa ndi Msonkhano wa United Nations Woona Zachuma ndi Zosiyanasiyana pa Road Traffic mu 1968 (ndipo mu 1978) akutsimikizira chizindikiro chokhala ndi mayimitsi a 600, 900 kapena 1200 mm. + +Zizindikiro zakuimitsa ku United Kingdom ndi New Zealand ndi 750, 900 kapena 1200 mm, malingana ndi malo amasaina ndi kuthamanga kwa magalimoto. + +Ku United States, zizindikiro zoyimitsa zili ndi kukula kwa 750 mm kudutsa moyang'anizana ndi ma octagon ofiira, wokhala ndi malire oyera a 20 mm. Zilembo zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi zipewa zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimapanga nthanoyo ndi 250mm. Zizindikiro zazikulu za 900 mm (35 in) zokhala ndi nthano ya 300 mm (12 mu) ndi 25 mm (⅞ in) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pama msewu a multilane. Zoyang'anira zilipo pazizindikiro zazikulu kwambiri za 1,200 mm (47 mu) zokhala ndi nthano ya 400 mm (16 mu) ndi 30 mm (1 1⁄4 mu) malire oti mugwiritse ntchito pomwe mawonekedwe a chizindikiro kapena mawonekedwe akutali ali ochepa, komanso chizindikiritso chaching'ono chovomerezeka kukula kwa ntchito wamba ndi 600 mm (24 mu) ndi nthano ya 200 mm (7.9 mu) ndi 15 mm (⅝ in). [6] Zoyimira metric zomwe zalongosoledwa m'mabuku azoyang'anira ku US ndizowerengeka za mayendedwe aku US, osati kutembenuka kwenikweni. Munda, nthano, ndi malire zonse zimabwezeretseka. Mu msonkhano wa Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of the UN, malangizo omwe ali pa chikwatu kuti ayime akufotokozedwa kuti azikhala achingerezi monga kuyimitsa kapena kulembedwa m'chinenerochi. Mayiko ena amagwiritsa ntchito zonsezi. Dongosolo losiyana ndi chikwangwanicho linapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba ku U.S, ndipo kenako linavomerezedwa ndi mayiko ena ndi U.N. Ngakhale izi, US sikuti sigwirizana ndi UN Convention. + +Zolemba + +Zizindikiro zamagalimoto +Mashombe Blue Jeans ndi amodzi mwa makulidwe enveloples ochokera ku Southern Province. Monga magulu ena a kalusizo, amayimba ndikusewera nyimbo ya ku Zambia yomwe imagwirizanitsa zachikhalidwe ndi nyimbo zamakono. + +Mbiri yawo alandila kwambiri kuchokera kumayanjano awo ndi Tonga Music Festival yothandizidwa ndi Chikuni Radio Station ndipo atulutsa makaseti angapo chifukwa chogwirizana ndi siteshoni. Monga magulu ena otchuka ku Zambia, Mashombe Blue Jeans yawonekeranso pa Ngoma Music Awards, chikondwerero cha nyimbo chachikulu ku Zambia. + +Gulu la Livingstone lalandila nkhani m'manyuzipepala onse aku Zambia ngakhale atatchulidwa mu National Assembly of Zambia mu 2004. + +Zolemba + +Magulu a nyimbo aku Zambia +MChikuku, chomwenso chimadziwika kuti mayina akuti  morbilli, rubeola, ndiponso  red measles, ndi matenda amene anthu amapatsirana mosavuta ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi mavailasi achikuku. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi monga kutentha thupi, komwe kumatha kuposa pa 40 °C (104.0 °F), chifuwa, chimfine, ndiponso kufiira maso. Pakapita masiku awiri kapena atatu kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira zinayamba kuonekera, munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amatuluka tinsungu toyera mkamwa mwake tomwe timachedwa tinsungu ta Koplik. Pakapita masiku atatu mpaka 5 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira zinayamba, tizilonda tofiira tophwathalala timatuluka kumaso ndipo timafalikira m’thupi lonse. Zizindikirozi kawirikawiri zimayamba pakatha masiku 10 mpaka 12 kuchokera pamene munthu anakhala pafupi ndi wodwala matendawa ndipo zizindikirozi zimatenga masiku 7 mpaka 10. Anthu 30 mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi matendawa amathanso kusonyeza zizindikiro zina zikuluzikulu monga kutsegula m'mimba, kuchita khungu, kutupa kwa ubongo, ndiponso chibayo. Rubella (chikuku cha ku Germany) n'chosiyana ndi chikuku chotchedwa roseola. + +Matenda a chikuku amafala kudzera mu mpweya ndipo amafalikira mosavuta munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa akakhosomola kapena kuyetsemula. Chikuku chingafalikirenso ngati munthu atakhudza malovu kapena mamina a munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Anthu 9 pa 10 aliwonse omwe sanalandire katemera wa chikuku ndipo akukhala ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amatenga matendawa mosavuta. Munthu akhoza kupatsira ena matendawa kuyambira pa tsiku la 4 asanayambe kutuluka tizilonda mpaka pa tsiku la 4 atatuluka tizilonda. Kawirikawiri munthu amatha kudwala matendawa kamodzi pamoyo wake. Munthu yemwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi matendawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikayezetsa ndipo kuchita zimenezi kumathandiza a zaumoyo.Katemera wa chikuku amathandiza kwambiri kuti munthu asadwale matendawa. Katemera wathandiza kuti anthu 75 pa 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa asamadwale ndipo zimenezi zachitika kuyambira m’chaka cha 2000 mpaka 2013 ndipo ana 85 pa 100 aliwonse padziko lonse alandira kale katemera wa matendawa. Padakali pano palibe mankhwala odziwika omwe amachiza matendawa. Komabe thandizo loperekedwa ndi achipatala komanso ukhondo zimathandiza kuti matendawa asafalikire. Thandizoli lingaphatikizepo oral rehydration solution (madzi a mchere ndi shuga), zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndiponso mankhwala othandiza kuletsa kutentha thupi ndiponso kuphwanya thupi. Mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati wodwalayo akusonyeza zizindikiro zina zoyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, monga chibayo. M’mayiko omwe akukwera kumene, wodwala amalimbikitsidwanso kumwa mankhwala othandiza kuwonjezera vitamini A m'thupi. + +Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a chikuku, ndipo ambiri mwa anthu amenewa ndi a m’mayiko omwe akukwera kumene a mu Africa ndi Asia. Chikuku chimapha anthu ochuluka zedi poyerekezera ndi matenda onse amene angapewedwe ndi katemera. M’chaka cha 2013, anthu 96,000 anafa ndi matendawa ndipo mu 1990, anthu omwe anafa ndi matendawa analipo 545,000. Mu 1980, zikuoneka kuti matendawa anapha anthu 2.6 miliyoni padziko lonse. Ku United States kokha, chaka chilichonse anthu 3 kapena 4 miliyoni ankapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse dzikoli lisanayambe kupereka katemera. Ambiri mwa anthu amene amadwala matendawa komanso kumwalira ndi matendawa ndi ana osakwanitsa zaka 5. Masiku ano, 0.2 peresenti ya odwala matendawa ndi amene amakhala pa chiopsezo choti akhoza kumwalira, ndipo chiwerengerochi chimafika pa 10 peresenti kwa odwala omwe alinso ndi vuto loperewera zakudya m'thupi. Zikuoneka kuti matendawa amakhudzanso zinyama zina. + +Malifalensi +Katemera wa chikuku ndi katemera amene amathandiza kwambiri popewa matenda a chikuku. Ana osapitirira miyezi 9 akalandira katemera mmodzi yekha, 85 peresenti ya anawo amakhala otetezeka moti sangadwale matendawa, ndipo 95 peresenti ya ana opitirira miyezi 12 sangadwale akalandira katemerayu. Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe sakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cholimbana ndi matendawa atalandira katemera woyamba amakhala ndi chitetezochi akalandira katemera wachiwiri. Katemerayu akaperekedwa kwa anthu opitirira 93 pa 100 aliwonse m'dera linalake, kawirikawiri palibenso munthu wa m'deralo amene angadwale amatenda a chikuku. Katemerayu amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri m'thupi la munthu. Koma sizikudziwika ngati katemerayu amayamba kuchepa mphamvu pakapita zaka zambiri ali m'thupi la munthu. Katemerayu amathanso kuteteza munthu kuti asadwale chikuku ngati waperekedwa kwa munthuyo patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa m'thupi la munthuyo.Ndipo katemerayu ndi wosaopsa ngakhale kwa anthu amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Pamakhala mavuto ochepa kwambiri oyambitsidwa ndi katemerayu ndipo mavutowo si oopsa komanso sakhalitsa. Mavuto ake angakhale kumva ululu pamalo amene mwabayidwa jakisoni komanso kutentha thupi. Munthu mmodzi pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse amatha kuyamba vuto la Anaphylaxis.Ndipo anthu ochepa kwambiri mwa anthu amene alandira katemerayu amathanso kuyamba vuto la Guillian-Barre syndrome, autism ndiponso kutsegula m'mimba. + +Katemera wa matendawa alipo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga wa chikuku chenicheni komanso wa chikuku cha rubella, mumps, ndiponso chikuku cha varicella (amatchedwanso katemera wa MMR ndiponso katemera wa MMRV). Mitundu yonseyi ya katemera imagwira ntchito bwinobwino. Bungwe la World Health Organization linapereka malangizo akuti katemerayu aziperekedwa kwa mwana aliyense mwanayo akangokwanitsa miyezi 9 m'madera amene matenda a chikuku ndi ofala. Koma m'madera amene matendawa si ofala, mwana amayenera kulandira katemerayu akakwanitsa miyezi 12 ya kubadwa. Katemerayu amapangidwa ndi tizilombo tamoyo. Amakhala waufa ndipo amayenera kusungunulidwa kuti alowe m'thupi la munthu kaya kudzera pakhungu kapena m'minofu. Munthu yemwe yapatsidwa katemerayu angayezedwe magazi pofuna kutsimikizira ngati katemerayu akugwiradi ntchito yake m'thupi.Mu 2013, ana 85 pa ana 100 aliwonse analandira katemerayu padziko lonse. Mu 2008 mayiko osachepera pa 192 anapereka katemerayu maulendo awiri. Katemera wa chikuku anayamba kuperekedwa kwa anthu mu 1963. Kenako mu 1971 katemera wa mitundu iwiri ya chikuku anayamba kuperekedwa kwa anthu. Ndipo mu 2005, katemera wa katsabola anaphatikizidwa pa mitundu ya katemera wa chikuku n'kukhala katemera wotchedwa MMRV. Katemera ameneyu ali pa gulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Ndipotu katemera wa chikuku si wokwera mtengo. + +Malifalensi +Katemera wa chifuwa chokoka mtima ndi katemera amene amateteza ku chifuwa chokoka mtima. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya katemerayu; katemera wa maselo athunthu komanso katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo. Anthu 78 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa maselo athunthu amatetezeka ku matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima pomwe anthu 71 mpaka 85 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amatetezeka ku matendawa. Zikuoneka kuti mphamvu za katemerayu zimachepa moti chaka chilichonse, anthu awiri mpaka 10 pa 100 aliwonse omwe analandira katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amatha kudwala matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima. Ngati mayi woyembekezera atalandira katemerayu, zingathandize kuti mwana wosabadwayo adzatetezeke kumatendawa akadzabadwa. Zikuoneka kuti katemerayu anathandiza kuti anthu 500,000 asafe ndi matenda a chifukwa chokoka mtima mu 2002.Bungwe la World Health Organization ndiponso la Center for Disease Control and Prevention limalimbikitsa kuti ana onse azipatsidwa katemerayu ndipo katemera ameneyu akhale m'gulu la akatemera amene amaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale anthu amene ali ndi HIV/AIDS ayenera kulandira katemerayu. Ana amayenera kulandira katemerayu maulendo atatu, kuyambira ali ndi milungu 6. Kenako anawo akamakula angapatsidwenso katemera wina wowonjezera. Katemerayu amaphatikizidwa ndi katemera wa mitundu ina. + +Katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko olemera chifukwa choti sabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Anthu oyambira pa 10 mpaka 50 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa maselo amamva kuphwanya kwa thupi, thupi limatentha, komanso pamalo pamene awabayapo pamafiira. Mwana m'modzi pa 100 aliwonse amene abayidwa katemerayu amalira kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchita ngati wakomoka, Febrile seizures. Koma katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo nthawi zina amangochititsa kuti mkono umene wabiyidwawo utupe pang'ono komanso kwa nthawi yochepa basi. Mavuto amene amabwera munthu akangolandira kumene katemerayu, kaya wa maselo athunthu kapena wa tizigawo tamaselo amakhala ochepa kwambiri kwa ana akhanda. Katemera wa maselo athunthu sayenera kuperekedwa kwa mwana amene wapitirira zaka 6. Mitundu iwiri yonseyi ya katemera sibwera mavuto aliwonse odetsa nkhawa okhudza ubongo.Katemera wa chifuwa chokoka mtima anapangidwa koyamba mu 1926. Katemerayu ali pa gulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Mtundu wina wa katemerayu ulinso ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi kafumbata, diphtheria, poliyo, ndiponso katemera wa Hib ndipo mtengo wake unali madola 15.41 a ku America mu 2014. + +Malifalensi +Hepataitisi A (matenda omwe poyamba ankatchedwa matenda opatsirana a hepataitisi) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amagwira chiwindi ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi vailasi yotchedwa hepataitisi A (HAV). Ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi mavailasi amenewa, makamaka ana, amasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa kapena sasonyeza n'komwe zizindikiro za matendawa. Kwa anthu amene akusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, pamatenga milungu iwiri mpaka milungu 6 kuchokera pamene tizilomboti tinalowa m'thupi kuti zizindikiro ziyambe kuonekera. Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro za matendawa zimaonekera kwa milungu 8 ndipo zina mwa zizindikirozo ndi: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, khungu kuchita chikasu, fkutentha thupi, komanso kumva kupweteka m'mimba. Pafupifupi anthu 10 mpaka 15 pa 100 aliwonse amene asonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, zizindikirozo zimayambiranso pakatipa miyezi 6 kuchokera pamene tizilombo ta matendawa tinalowa m'thupi. Matendawa amatha kulepheretsa chiwindi kugwira bwino nthcito yake ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka kwa achikulire. + +Kawirikawiri matendawa amafalikira ngati munthu wadya chakudya kapena kumwa madzi omwe akhudzidwa ndi nyansi za kuchimbudzi zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Nkhanu komanso ndiwo zina za m'gulu la nkhanu zomwe sizinaphikidwe mokwanira zimathanso kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa amatha kufalanso ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa akukhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti ana omwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zake, komabe anawo amatha kupatsira anthu ena matendawa. Matendawa akalowa m'thupi la munthu koyamba munthuyo n'kuchira, munthuwo sangadwalenso matendawa kwa moyo wake wonse ngakhale tizilombo tochuluka titalowa m'thupi mwake. Zizindikiro za hepataitisi A n'zofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena ambiri choncho pamafunika kuyeza magazi kuti madokotala atsimikizire ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa. Matenda a hepataitisi alipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokwanira 5 motengera mtundu wa vailasi umene umawayambitsa, monga: A, B, C, D, ndi E. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi A amathandiza kwambiri kupewa matendawa. Mayiko ena amalimbikitsa kuti ana onse azilandira katemera wa matendawa nthawi ndi nthawi makamaka ngati ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti munthu akangolandira katemerayu kamodzi, amagwira ntchito m'thupi mwake kwa moyo wake wonse. Matendawa angapewedwe mosavuta potsatira njira zaukhondo monga kusamba m'manja komanso kuphika zakudya m'njira yabwino. Matendawa alibe mankhwala, koma wodwala amapatsidwa mankhwala oti athane ndi zizindikiro za matendawa monga nseru kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri munthu yemwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa amakhala bwinobwino popanda vuto lililonse la chiwindi. Koma ngati matendawa achititsa kut chiwindi chiwonongeke n'kumalephera kugwira bwino ntchito, pangafunike opaleshoni yochotsa chiwindicho n'kuika china. + +Padziko lonse, anthu 1.5 miliyoni amasonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa chaka chilichonse ndipo zikuoneka kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri amatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'madera amene ukhondo ndi wovuta komanso madzi aukhondo ndi osowa. M'mayiko amene akukwera kumene, pafupifupi ana 90 pa 100 aliwonse amakhala atatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa akamafika pokwanitsa zaka 10 zakubadwa, choncho sangadwale matendawa akafika pa msinkhu wauchikulire. M'mayiko amene ndi olemera ndithu, nthawi zambiri matendawa amafika pokhala mliri chifukwa ana m'mayiko oterewa salandira katemera wa matendawa komanso matupi awo amakhala asanazolowere tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Mu 2010, matenda a hepataitisi A anapha anthu okwana 102,000 padziko lonse. Choncho panakhazikitsidwa Tsiku Lokumbukira Matenda a Hepataitisi Padziko Lonse lomwe ndi pa July 28 chaka chilichonse ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu kuti adziwe za kuopsa kwa matenda a hepataitisi. + +Malifalensi +Katemera wa Hepataitisi A ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi A. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sadwala matenda a hepataitisi ndipo katemerayu amagwira ntchito m'thupi kwa zaka zosachepera 15, ndipo kwa anthu ambiri amathandiza kwa moyo wawo wonse. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti munthu ayenera kulandira katemerayu kawiri pa moyo wake kuyambira ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera mu jakisoni yemwe amabayidwa m'minofu. + +Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limalimbikitsa kuti katemerayu ayenera kuperedwa kwa anthu onse amene ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala. Kumadera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, madokotala salimbikitsa kuti katemerayu aziperekedwa kwa aliyense chifukwa anthu a m'madera otere amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwana cholimbana ndi matendawa m'matupi mwawo. Bungwe la Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse, ana ndi akuluakulu omwe, amene angadwale ndi matendawa mosavuta azilapatsidwa katemera. + +Katemerayu sabweretsa mavuto alionse odetsa nkhawa. Ana 15 pa 100 aliwonse omwe apatsidwa katemerayu ndiponso hafu ya akuluakulu onse amene apatsidwa katemerayu amamva ululu pamalo amene abayidwapo kwa masiku angapo. Mitundu yambiri ya katemera wa hepataitisi A imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe agonekedwa moti sangathe kudwalitsa munthu ndipo mitundu ina ya katemerayu imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Amayi oyembekezera kapena anthu amene chitetezo chawo m'thupi n'chochepa sayenera kupatsidwa katemera wokhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Mitundu ina ya katemera wa hepataitisi A amaphatikizamo mankhwala amene angalimbanenso ndi hepataitisi B ndiponso amatha kusakaniza ndi mankhwala a katemera wa typhoid.Katemera woyambirira wa hepataitisi A anavomerezedwa m'mayiko a ku Ulaya mu 1991 kenako anavomerezedwa ku United States mu 1995. Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Ku United States mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka kufika pa madola 100. + +Zolemba + +Pages with unreviewed translations +Hepataitisi B ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsira ndi mavailasi otchedwa hepataitisi B virus (HBV) ndipo amagwira chiwindi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikalowa m'matupi kwa anthu ena anthuwo sangadwale pomwe ena amadwala kwambiri. Anthu ambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawa tizilomboti tikangolowa m'thupi mwawo. Koma ena amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro nthawi mwachangu kwambiri moti amayamba kusanza, khungu limachita chikasu, amakhala otupa, amakodza mkodzo woderapo komanso amamva kupweteka m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zizindikirozi zimaonekera kwa milungu ingapo ndipo si zichitika kawirikawiri kuti munthu amwalire ndi zizindikiro zoyambirirazi. Kuchokera pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa m'thupi, pangatenge masiku 30 mpaka 180 kuti zizindikiro za matendawa ziyambe kuonekera. Ana 90 pa 100 aliwonse amene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timalowa m'thupi mwawo pa nthawo yobadwa kapena atangobadwa kumene amadwala kwambiri matenda a hepataitisi B, pomwe ndi ana 10 okha pa 100 aliwonse amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa ngati tizilomboti talowa m'thupi mwawo atakwanitsa zaka 5. Anthu ochuluka omwe amadwala kwambiri matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zoonekeratu; koma pakapita nthawi, chiwindi chawo chimatha kuputa kapenanso angathe kudwala khanso ya m'chiwindi. Mavuto akuluakulu amenewa amachititsa kuti anthu oyambira pa 15 mpaka 25 pa 100 aliwonse amwalire ndi matendawa. + +Mavailasi omwe amayambitsa matendawa amafalikira kwa anthu ena kudzera m'magazi kapena m'madzi ena m'magazi.Anthu ambiri amatenga matenda a hepataitisi B pa nthawi yobadwa kapena amawatenga pa nthawi yomwe anali ana, ndipo imeneyi ndi njira yaikulu imene matendawa amafalira. M'madera amene matendawa si ofala kwenikweni, matendawa amafala kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo ndiponso kudzera m'kugonana. Njira zina zimene zingachititse munthu kutenga matendawa ndi: kugwira ntchito zaumoyo, kuikidwa magazi, njira yachipatala yochotsera madzi m'thupi, kukhala nyumba imodzi ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, kupita kumayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, ndiponso kukhala pamalo amene pakukhala anthu ambirimbiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, zinadziwika kuti zipangizo zojambulira matatuwu ndiponso masingano ochiritsira zinathandizira kuti matendawa afale; koma masiku ano vutoli lachepa chifukwa zipangizo zimenezi zikumatsukidwa bwino ndi mankhwala moti sizingafalitsenso matendawa. Mavailasi a sangafalikire ngati anthu atagwirana manja, kudyera mbale imodzi, kukisana, kuhagana, kukhosomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kuyamwitsa mwana. Madokotala angathe kuyeza munthu ndi kudziwa ngati ali ndi matendawa ngati papita masiku oyambira pa 30 mpaka 60 kuchokera pamene tizilomboti talowa m'thupi. Kawirikawiri madokotala amayeza magazi kuti adziwe ngati muli tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa komanso kuti adziwe ngati muli maselo ambiri olimbana ndi mavailasi. Matendawa ali m'gulu la matenda a hepataitisi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mavailasi awa: A, B, C, D, ndi E. + +Kuyambira mu 1982, panakonzedwa katemera wothandiza kupewa matendawa. Bungwe la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa zonse mwana aliyense azipatsidwa katemerayu pa tsiku limene wabadwa ngati zili zotheka kutero. Pakapita nthawi, munthu aliyense amafunika kulandira katemerayu kachiwiri kapenanso kachitatu n'cholinga choti akhale wotetezeka kwambiri. Katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene apatsidwa katemerayu, sadwala ngakhale pang'ono matendawa. Mayiko 180 padziko lonse akhala akupereka katemerayu kwa anthu awo kuyambira mu 2006. Kwa anthu amene akufuna kuikidwa magazi, ndi bwino kuti magaziwo aziyezedwa kaye n'kutsimikizira kuti alibe tizilombo toyambitsa hepataitisi B, komanso makondomu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'modzi mwa anthu amene akufuna kugonanawo ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Wodwala akangoyamba kumene kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, akuyenera kusamalidwa bwino mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zimene ali nazo. Anthu amene akudwala kwambiri matendawa angapatsidwe mankhwala a antiviral monga tenofovir komanso interferon, ngakhale kuti mankhwala amenewa ndi okwera mtengo.Nthawi zina pangafunike opaleshoni yochotsa chiwindi ndi kuika china ngati chiwindicho chawonongeka kwambiri. + +Zikuoneka kuti munthu m'modzi pa atatu aliwonse padziko lonse tizilombo toyambitsa hepataitisi B tinalowapo m'thupi mwawo, ndipo anthu oyambira pa 240 miliyoni mpaka kufika pa 350 miliyoni anadwala kwambiri ndi matendawa. Ndipo chaka chilichonse, anthu 750,000 amamwalira ndi matenda a hepataitisi B. Masiku ano matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'mayiko a ku East Asia ndi ku Kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara, ku Africa ndipo anthu akuluakulu oyambira pa 5 mpaka 10 pa 100 aliwonse amadwala kwambiri matendawa.Koma anthu omwe amadwala matendawa ku Ulaya ndi ku North America ndi ochepa kwambiri, moti ndi munthu m'modzi yekha pa 100 aliwonse amene angadwale matendawa. Matenda a hepataitisi B poyamba ankadziwika ndi dzina lakuti hepataitisi ya m'madzi a m'magazi. Akatswiri ochita kafukufuku akofuna kukonza chakudya chimene chizikhala ndi katemera wa HBV. Zikuoneka kuti matendawa akhoza kugwiranso anyani akuluakulu. + +Malifalensi +Katemera wa Hepataitisi B ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi B. Mwana aliyense akangobadwa amayenera kupatsidwa katemerayu pasanapite maola 24 mwanayo atabadwa, ndipo kenako angalandire katemera wachiwiri ndiponso wachitatu pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa m'thupi mwina chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS kapena omwe anabadwa masiku asanakwane ayenera kulandira katemerayu. Kwa anthu omwe alibe mavuto ena m'thupi, katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sangadwale. + +Anthu omwe ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kuyezetsa magazi kuti atsimikizire ngati katemerayu akugwira bwino ntchito. Ndipo anthu a m'mayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kulandira katemera wowonjezera pakapita nthawi, chomodzimodzinso ndi anthu omwe chitetezo chawo n'chochepa m'thupi. Anthu omwe sanalandire katemerayu koma apezeka m'dera limene mavailasi a hepataitisi B ndi ofala kwambiri akuyenera kulandira katemera wa hepataitisi B immune globulin. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera m'jakisoni. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi B sabweretsa mavuto aliwonse odetsa nkhawa. Mavuto ochepa amene angakhalepo angakhale kumva ululu pamene munthu wabayidwa jakisoni wa katemerayu. Katemerayu alibe mavuto aliwonse ngati munthu atamulandira pa nthawi imene ali woyembekezera ngakhalenso pa nthawi imene akuyamwitsa. Ndiponso palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti katemerayu angayambitse mavuto ena monga matenda otchedwa Guillain-Barre . Katemera wa matendawa amapangidwa ndi njira zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito tizigawo tina ta DNA. Katemerayu amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena a katemera wa mitundu ina. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi B anavomerezedwa koyamba m'dziko la United States m'chaka cha 1981. Kenako mu 1986 panapangidwa mtundu wina wa katemera womwe ndi wabwino poyerekezera ndi woyamba uja. Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperekedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. M'chaka cha 2014, mtengo wogulitsira katemerayu pachipiku unali woyambira pa madola a ku America 0.58 mpaka 13.20 pa katemera m'modzi. Koma ku United States, mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka 100. + +Malifalensi + +Pages with unreviewed translations +Matenda oumitsa khosi ndi matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa khungu limene limakutira bongo ndiponso mnyewa waukulu wochoka ku bongo, ndipo kutupa kotereku kukachitika kumatchedwa meningesi. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za matendawa ndi kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa mutu ndiponso kuuma kwa khosi. Zizindikiro zinanso zingakhale monga kusokonezeka maganizo kapena bongo kusiya kugwira ntchito moyenera, kusanza, ndiponso kudana kwambiri ndi kuwala kapena phokoso. Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri zosagwirizana kwenikweni ndi matendawa, monga kunyong'onyeka, kuwodzera, ndiponso kukana kudya. Koma ngati tizilonda tatuluka, zingasonyeze kuti munthuyo ali ndi mtundu winawake wa matenda oumitsa khosi; monga, matenda oumitsa khosi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wa meningococcal. + +Kutupa kwa khungu lokuta bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu kumachititsidwa ndi mavailasi, mabakiteriya, ngakhalenso tizilombo tina, ndipo nthawi zina mwa apo ndi apo, kumatha kuyambitsidwanso ndi mankhwala a kuchipatala. Matenda oumitsa khosi akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri makamaka ngati khungu lomwe latupalo lili pafupi kwambiri ndi malo amene bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu zalumikizana, ndipo zoterezi zikachitika, wodwalayo amayenera kulandira thandizo la chipatala mwamsanga. Ndipo njira ya kuchipatala yoyeza timadzi ta mkati mwa msana imathandiza madokotala kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi matenda oumitsa khosi kapena ayi. Kuti achite zimenezi, madokotala amabaya jakisoni kumsana m'munsi mwa fupi la khosi n'kutenga timadzi tomwe timakuta khungu lophimba bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu. Ndiyeno amayeza timadzite ndi makina oyezera. + +Anthu angathe kupewa mitundu ina ya matendawa ngati atalandira katemera wa meningococcal, wa masagwidwi, wa chibayo, ndiponso katemera wa Hib. Ndipo nthawi zina zimathandiza ngati anthu omwe akuoneka kuti angathe kutenga matendawa mosavuta atapatsidwa mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo ta matendawa. Thandizo loyambirira kwa munthu amene akudwala kwambiri matendawa lingakhale kumupatsa mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndipo nthawi zinanso mankhwala olimbana ndi mavailasi. Anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri matendawa angapatsidwe mankhwala la corticosteroids omwe amathandiza thandiza kuti khungu lokuta bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu lisatupe. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oumisa khosi akapanda kulandira thandizo mwachangu, angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena aakulu monga kugontha n'khutu, khunyu, madzi kuunjikana mubongo, kapenanso mavuto ena a mubongo. + +Mu 2013 matenda oumisa khosi anagwira anthu pafupfupi 16 miliyoni. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu 303,000 amwalire ndi matendawa, omwe ndi anthu ocheperapo oyerekezera ndi anthu 464,000 omwe anamwalira ndi matendawa mu 1990. Odwala akalandira thandizo loyenerera, ndi anthu 15 okha pa 100 aliwonse omwe angamwalire ndi matendawa. Chaka chilichonse, mliri wa matendawa umabuka cha mu December ndi June m'mayiko kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa dera lomwe limadziwika kuti dera la matenda oumisa khosi. Miliri ina yocheperapo ya matendawa imabukanso m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansili. Dzina la Chingelezi la matendawa meningitis ndipo linachokera ku mawa a Chigiriki akuti μῆνιγξ méninx, omwe amatanthauza "khungu" kapena "chikopa" ndipo mawu a zachipatala amene anawonjezeredwa ku dzinali akuti -itis, amatanthauza "kutupa". + +Malifalensi + +Pages with unreviewed translations +Chifuwa chachikulu (TB) ndi matenda opatsirana amene nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wa Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Matenda a chfuwa chachikulu amagwira mapapu, koma amathanso kukhudza ziwalo zina za thupi. Anthu ambiri ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse, ndipo zikatero zimakhala kuti chifuwa chachikulucho sichinayambe kuonekera. Pafupifupi 10% ya anthu omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa omwe sanayambe kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse amatha kuyamba kuonetsa zizindikiro ngati sanalandire thandizo lililonse la kuchipatala, ndipo hafu ya anthu oterewa amatha kumwalira ndi matendawa. Zizindikiro za matenda a TB zikuphatikizapo kukhosomola kwambiri mpaka kumalavula magazi, kutentha ndi kuphwanya kwa thupi, kutuluka thukuta usiku pogona, ndiponso kuonda. Matendawa ankadziwika kuti "oyamwa thupi" chifukwa choti anthu omwe akudwala amawonda kwambiri. Matendawa akagwira ziwalo zina munthuyo amatha kuyamba kusonyea zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. + +Chifuwa chachikulu chimafalikira kudzera mumpweya anthu omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa akakhosomola, kulavula malovu, kulankhula kapena kuyetsemula. Anthu omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa omwe sanayambe kuonetsa zizindikiro sangapatsire anthu ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena monga HIV/AIDS komanso omwe amasuta fodya ndi omwe kawirikawiri amadwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Kuti madokotala azindikire ngati munthu ali ndi TB amafunika kumuunika m'mapapu pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya X-rays, komanso njira yoyeza madzi a m'thupi. DKoma kuti madokotala adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ngakhale kuti sakusonyeza zizindikiro, zimadalira kuyeza khungu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa tuberculin skin test (TST) kapena kuyteza magazi. + +Kupewa kwa chifuwa cha TB kumaphatikizapo kuwunika omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, kuzindikira matendawa asanayambe n'komwe ndi kulandikira thandizo la kuchipatala mofulumira komanso kulandira katemera wa bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Anthu omwe angatenge matendawa mosavuta ndi omwe akukhala nyumba imodzi ndi wodwala, anthu omwe akugwira nawo ntchito komanso anthu omwe angamacheze ndi wodwala chifuwa chachikulu. Thandizo la chipatala la matendawa likuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa sitimva mankhwala a maantibayotiki ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti chifuwa chachikulucho chisamamvenso mankhwala aliwonse. + +Zikuoneka kuti munthu m'modzi anthu atatu aliwonse padziko lonse ali ndi matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. Ndipo chaka chilichonse munthu m'modzi pa anthu 100 aliwonse amatenga matenda a chifuwa chachikulu. M'chaka cha 2014, anthu opitirira 9.6 miliyoni anadwala matendawa zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu 1.5 miliyoni amwalire. Anthu oposa 95 pa 100 alionse omwe anamwalira ndi matendawa anali a m'mayiko amene akukwera kumene. Koma chiwerengero cha anthu atsopano omwe akumatenga matendawa chaka chilichonse chatsika kuyambira m'chaka cha 2000. Ndipo pafupifupi anthu 80 pa 100 alionse a m'maiko ambiri ku Asia ndi ku Africa anapezeka kuti ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matedawa atayezedwa ndi achipatala, pomwe oyambira pa 5 mpaka 10 pa 100 alionse a ku United States ndi amene anapezeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa chifuwa chachikulu. Zikuoneka kuti matenda a chifuwa chachikulu akhala akuvutitsa anthu kuyambira kale kwambiri. + +Malifalensi + +Pages with unreviewed translations +Katemera wa matenda oumisa khosi ndi katemera amene amaperekedwa kwa anthu pofuna kupewa matenda amene amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo tochedwa Neisseria meningitidis. Katemerayu ali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo amathandiza polimbana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyananso ya matenda oumisa khosiwa omwe alipo m'magulu monga: A, C, W135, ndiponso Y. Katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu oyambira pa 85 mpaka 100 pa anthu 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu amakhala otetezeka kotheratu kumatendawa kwa zaka zosachepera ziwiri. Zimenezi zachititsa kuti m'madera amene anthu ambiri amalandira katemerayu, matenda oumisa khosi ndiponso matenda a sepsis achepe kwambiri mpaka kutsala pang'ono kutheratu. Katemerayu amaperekedwa pobaya jakisoni m'minofu kapena pobaya pakhungu. + +Bungwe looza za umoyo padziko lonse la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa kuti m'mayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri kapena mayiko amene mliri wa matendawa umayamba pafupifupi anthu azilandira katemerayu nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma m'mayiko omwe matendawa si ofala, a zaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti magulu okhawo a anthu amene ali pa chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa ndi omwe akuyenera kulandira katemera wake. M'dera la ku Africa lomwe matenda oumisa khosi ndi ofala mukuchitika nchito yapadera yomwe cholinga chake n'kupereka katemera wa matenda oumisa khosi A kwa anthu onse. Mtundu wa katemerayu womwe umaperekedwa ku Canada ndi ku United States umathandiza kulimbana ndi mitundu yonse inayi ya matendawa ndipo a zaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti achinyamata a m'mayikowa ayenera kumalandira katemerayu nthawi ndi nthawi chifukwa ndi omwe ali pa chiopsezo chachikulu. Anthu omwe akuganiza zopita ku Mecca ku Hajj amayeneranso kulandira katemerayu. + +Katemerayu sabweretsa mavuto alionse odetsa nkhawa. Ena amangomva kupweteka kwa kanthawi ndipo pamalo amene awabaya katemerayu ndipo nthawi zina pamafiira. Palibenso chodetsa nkhawa chilichonse ngati mayi wa pakati atalandira katemerayu. Munthu m'modzi pa anthu opitirira 1 miliyoni aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu ndi omwe amatha kukumana ndi mavuto okulirapo obwera chifukwa cha katemerayu. + +Katemera woyamba wa matenda oumisa khosi anayamba kupezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1970. Ndpo katemerayu ali pagulu la mankhwala ofunika kwambiri otchedwa World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri pa nkhani za umoyo. M'chaka cha 2014, mtengo wa chipiku wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 3.23 mpaka kufika pa 10.77 pa katemera m'modzi. Koma ku United States mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 100 mpaka 200 USD. + +Zolemba +Matenda oumitsa khosi ndi matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha kutupa khungu limene limakutira bongo ndiponso mnyewa waukulu wochoka ku bongo, ndipo kutupa kotereku kukachitika kumatchedwa meningesi. Zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za matendawa ndi kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa mutu ndiponso kuuma kwa khosi. Zizindikiro zinanso zingakhale monga kusokonezeka maganizo kapena bongo kusiya kugwira ntchito moyenera, kusanza, ndiponso kudana kwambiri ndi kuwala kapena phokoso. Ana omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri zosagwirizana kwenikweni ndi matendawa, monga kunyong'onyeka, kuwodzera, ndiponso kukana kudya. Koma ngati tizilonda tatuluka, zingasonyeze kuti munthuyo ali ndi mtundu winawake wa matenda oumitsa khosi; monga, matenda oumitsa khosi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wa meningococcal. + +Kutupa kwa khungu lokuta bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu kumachititsidwa ndi mavailasi, mabakiteriya, ngakhalenso tizilombo tina, ndipo nthawi zina mwa apo ndi apo, kumatha kuyambitsidwanso ndi mankhwala a kuchipatala. Matenda oumitsa khosi akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri makamaka ngati khungu lomwe latupalo lili pafupi kwambiri ndi malo amene bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu zalumikizana, ndipo zoterezi zikachitika, wodwalayo amayenera kulandira thandizo la chipatala mwamsanga. Ndipo njira ya kuchipatala yoyeza timadzi ta mkati mwa msana imathandiza madokotala kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi matenda oumitsa khosi kapena ayi. Kuti achite zimenezi, madokotala amabaya jakisoni kumsana m'munsi mwa fupi la khosi n'kutenga timadzi tomwe timakuta khungu lophimba bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu. Ndiyeno amayeza timadzite ndi makina oyezera. + +Anthu angathe kupewa mitundu ina ya matendawa ngati atalandira katemera wa meningococcal, wa masagwidwi, wa chibayo, ndiponso katemera wa Hib. Ndipo nthawi zina zimathandiza ngati anthu omwe akuoneka kuti angathe kutenga matendawa mosavuta atapatsidwa mankhwala olimbana ndi tizilombo ta matendawa. Thandizo loyambirira kwa munthu amene akudwala kwambiri matendawa lingakhale kumupatsa mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndipo nthawi zinanso mankhwala olimbana ndi mavailasi. Anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri matendawa angapatsidwe mankhwala la corticosteroids omwe amathandiza thandiza kuti khungu lokuta bongo ndi mnyewa waukulu lisatupe. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oumisa khosi akapanda kulandira thandizo mwachangu, angakhalenso ndi mavuto ena aakulu monga kugontha n'khutu, khunyu, madzi kuunjikana mubongo, kapenanso mavuto ena a mubongo. + +Mu 2013 matenda oumisa khosi anagwira anthu pafupfupi 16 miliyoni. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu 303,000 amwalire ndi matendawa, omwe ndi anthu ocheperapo oyerekezera ndi anthu 464,000 omwe anamwalira ndi matendawa mu 1990. Odwala akalandira thandizo loyenerera, ndi anthu 15 okha pa 100 aliwonse omwe angamwalire ndi matendawa. Chaka chilichonse, mliri wa matendawa umabuka cha mu December ndi June m'mayiko kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara ku Africa dera lomwe limadziwika kuti dera la matenda oumisa khosi. Miliri ina yocheperapo ya matendawa imabukanso m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansili. Dzina la Chingelezi la matendawa meningitis ndipo linachokera ku mawa a Chigiriki akuti μῆνιγξ méninx, omwe amatanthauza "khungu" kapena "chikopa" ndipo mawu a zachipatala amene anawonjezeredwa ku dzinali akuti -itis, amatanthauza "kutupa". + +Zolemba +Katemera wa Hepataitisi B ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi B. Mwana aliyense akangobadwa amayenera kupatsidwa katemerayu pasanapite maola 24 mwanayo atabadwa, ndipo kenako angalandire katemera wachiwiri ndiponso wachitatu pakapita nthawi. Ngakhale ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa m'thupi mwina chifukwa cha HIV/AIDS kapena omwe anabadwa masiku asanakwane ayenera kulandira katemerayu. Kwa anthu omwe alibe mavuto ena m'thupi, katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sangadwale. + +Anthu omwe ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kuyezetsa magazi kuti atsimikizire ngati katemerayu akugwira bwino ntchito. Ndipo anthu a m'mayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri amayenera kulandira katemera wowonjezera pakapita nthawi, chomodzimodzinso ndi anthu omwe chitetezo chawo n'chochepa m'thupi. Anthu omwe sanalandire katemerayu koma apezeka m'dera limene mavailasi a hepataitisi B ndi ofala kwambiri akuyenera kulandira katemera wa hepataitisi B immune globulin. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera m'jakisoni. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi B sabweretsa mavuto aliwonse odetsa nkhawa. Mavuto ochepa amene angakhalepo angakhale kumva ululu pamene munthu wabayidwa jakisoni wa katemerayu. Katemerayu alibe mavuto aliwonse ngati munthu atamulandira pa nthawi imene ali woyembekezera ngakhalenso pa nthawi imene akuyamwitsa. Ndiponso palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti katemerayu angayambitse mavuto ena monga matenda otchedwa Guillain-Barre. Katemera wa matendawa amapangidwa ndi njira zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito tizigawo tina ta DNA. Katemerayu amathanso kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ena a katemera wa mitundu ina. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi B anavomerezedwa koyamba m'dziko la United States m'chaka cha 1981. Kenako mu 1986 panapangidwa mtundu wina wa katemera womwe ndi wabwino poyerekezera ndi woyamba uja. Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperekedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. M'chaka cha 2014, mtengo wogulitsira katemerayu pachipiku unali woyambira pa madola a ku America 0.58 mpaka 13.20 pa katemera m'modzi. Koma ku United States, mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka 100. + +Zolemba +Hepataitisi B ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsira ndi mavailasi otchedwa hepataitisi B virus (HBV) ndipo amagwira chiwindi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikalowa m'matupi kwa anthu ena anthuwo sangadwale pomwe ena amadwala kwambiri. Anthu ambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse za matendawa tizilomboti tikangolowa m'thupi mwawo. Koma ena amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro nthawi mwachangu kwambiri moti amayamba kusanza, khungu limachita chikasu, amakhala otupa, amakodza mkodzo woderapo komanso amamva kupweteka m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri zizindikirozi zimaonekera kwa milungu ingapo ndipo si zichitika kawirikawiri kuti munthu amwalire ndi zizindikiro zoyambirirazi. Kuchokera pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa m'thupi, pangatenge masiku 30 mpaka 180 kuti zizindikiro za matendawa ziyambe kuonekera. Ana 90 pa 100 aliwonse amene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timalowa m'thupi mwawo pa nthawo yobadwa kapena atangobadwa kumene amadwala kwambiri matenda a hepataitisi B, pomwe ndi ana 10 okha pa 100 aliwonse amene amadwala kwambiri matendawa ngati tizilomboti talowa m'thupi mwawo atakwanitsa zaka 5. Anthu ochuluka omwe amadwala kwambiri matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zoonekeratu; koma pakapita nthawi, chiwindi chawo chimatha kuputa kapenanso angathe kudwala khanso ya m'chiwindi. Mavuto akuluakulu amenewa amachititsa kuti anthu oyambira pa 15 mpaka 25 pa 100 aliwonse amwalire ndi matendawa. + +Mavailasi omwe amayambitsa matendawa amafalikira kwa anthu ena kudzera m'magazi kapena m'madzi ena m'magazi.Anthu ambiri amatenga matenda a hepataitisi B pa nthawi yobadwa kapena amawatenga pa nthawi yomwe anali ana, ndipo imeneyi ndi njira yaikulu imene matendawa amafalira. M'madera amene matendawa si ofala kwenikweni, matendawa amafala kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo ndiponso kudzera m'kugonana. Njira zina zimene zingachititse munthu kutenga matendawa ndi: kugwira ntchito zaumoyo, kuikidwa magazi, njira yachipatala yochotsera madzi m'thupi, kukhala nyumba imodzi ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa, kupita kumayiko amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, ndiponso kukhala pamalo amene pakukhala anthu ambirimbiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, zinadziwika kuti zipangizo zojambulira matatuwu ndiponso masingano ochiritsira zinathandizira kuti matendawa afale; koma masiku ano vutoli lachepa chifukwa zipangizo zimenezi zikumatsukidwa bwino ndi mankhwala moti sizingafalitsenso matendawa. Mavailasi a hepataitisi B sangafalikire ngati anthu atagwirana manja, kudyera mbale imodzi, kukisana, kuhagana, kukhosomola, kuyetsemula, kapena kuyamwitsa mwana. Madokotala angathe kuyeza munthu ndi kudziwa ngati ali ndi matendawa ngati papita masiku oyambira pa 30 mpaka 60 kuchokera pamene tizilomboti talowa m'thupi. Kawirikawiri madokotala amayeza magazi kuti adziwe ngati muli tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa komanso kuti adziwe ngati muli maselo ambiri olimbana ndi mavailasi. Matendawa ali m'gulu la matenda a hepataitisi omwe amayambitsidwa ndi mavailasi awa: A, B, C, D, ndi E. + +Kuyambira mu 1982, panakonzedwa katemera wothandiza kupewa matendawa. Bungwe la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa zonse mwana aliyense azipatsidwa katemerayu pa tsiku limene wabadwa ngati zili zotheka kutero. Pakapita nthawi, munthu aliyense amafunika kulandira katemerayu kachiwiri kapenanso kachitatu n'cholinga choti akhale wotetezeka kwambiri. Katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene apatsidwa katemerayu, sadwala ngakhale pang'ono matendawa. Mayiko 180 padziko lonse akhala akupereka katemerayu kwa anthu awo kuyambira mu 2006. Kwa anthu amene akufuna kuikidwa magazi, ndi bwino kuti magaziwo aziyezedwa kaye n'kutsimikizira kuti alibe tizilombo toyambitsa hepataitisi B, komanso makondomu ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati m'modzi mwa anthu amene akufuna kugonanawo ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Wodwala akangoyamba kumene kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, akuyenera kusamalidwa bwino mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zimene ali nazo. Anthu amene akudwala kwambiri matendawa angapatsidwe mankhwala a antiviral monga tenofovir komanso interferon, ngakhale kuti mankhwala amenewa ndi okwera mtengo.Nthawi zina pangafunike opaleshoni yochotsa chiwindi ndi kuika china ngati chiwindicho chawonongeka kwambiri. + +Zikuoneka kuti munthu m'modzi pa atatu aliwonse padziko lonse tizilombo toyambitsa hepataitisi B tinalowapo m'thupi mwawo, ndipo anthu oyambira pa 240 miliyoni mpaka kufika pa 350 miliyoni anadwala kwambiri ndi matendawa. Ndipo chaka chilichonse, anthu 750,000 amamwalira ndi matenda a hepataitisi B. Masiku ano matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'mayiko a ku East Asia ndi ku Kumunsi kwa chipululu cha Sahara, ku Africa ndipo anthu akuluakulu oyambira pa 5 mpaka 10 pa 100 aliwonse amadwala kwambiri matendawa. Koma anthu omwe amadwala matendawa ku Ulaya ndi ku North America ndi ochepa kwambiri, moti ndi munthu m'modzi yekha pa 100 aliwonse amene angadwale matendawa. Matenda a hepataitisi B poyamba ankadziwika ndi dzina lakuti hepataitisi ya m'madzi a m'magazi. Akatswiri ochita kafukufuku akofuna kukonza chakudya chimene chizikhala ndi katemera wa HBV. Zikuoneka kuti matendawa akhoza kugwiranso anyani akuluakulu. + +Zolemba +Katemera wa Hepataitisi A ndi katemera amene amathandiza kupewa matenda a hepataitisi A. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti katemerayu amathandiza kwambiri moti anthu 95 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemerayu sadwala matenda a hepataitisi ndipo katemerayu amagwira ntchito m'thupi kwa zaka zosachepera 15, ndipo kwa anthu ambiri amathandiza kwa moyo wawo wonse. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti munthu ayenera kulandira katemerayu kawiri pa moyo wake kuyambira ali ndi chaka chimodzi. Katemerayu amaperekedwa kudzera mu jakisoni yemwe amabayidwa m'minofu. + +Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) limalimbikitsa kuti katemerayu ayenera kuperedwa kwa anthu onse amene ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala. Kumadera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri, madokotala salimbikitsa kuti katemerayu aziperekedwa kwa aliyense chifukwa anthu a m'madera otere amakhala ndi chitetezo chokwana cholimbana ndi matendawa m'matupi mwawo. Bungwe la Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) limalimbikitsa kuti anthu onse, ana ndi akuluakulu omwe, amene angadwale ndi matendawa mosavuta azilapatsidwa katemera. + +Katemerayu sabweretsa mavuto alionse odetsa nkhawa. Ana 15 pa 100 aliwonse omwe apatsidwa katemerayu ndiponso hafu ya akuluakulu onse amene apatsidwa katemerayu amamva ululu pamalo amene abayidwapo kwa masiku angapo. Mitundu yambiri ya katemera wa hepataitisi A imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe agonekedwa moti sangathe kudwalitsa munthu ndipo mitundu ina ya katemerayu imakhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Amayi oyembekezera kapena anthu amene chitetezo chawo m'thupi n'chochepa sayenera kupatsidwa katemera wokhala ndi mavailasi omwe achepetsedwa mphamvu. Mitundu ina ya katemera wa hepataitisi A amaphatikizamo mankhwala amene angalimbanenso ndi hepataitisi B ndiponso amatha kusakaniza ndi mankhwala a katemera wa typhoid. + +Katemera woyambirira wa hepataitisi A anavomerezedwa m'mayiko a ku Ulaya mu 1991 kenako anavomerezedwa ku United States mu 1995. Katemerayu ali pagulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Ku United States mtengo wa katemerayu umayambira pa madola 50 mpaka kufika pa madola 100. +Hepataitisi A (matenda omwe poyamba ankatchedwa matenda opatsirana a hepataitisi) ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amagwira chiwindi ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi vailasi yotchedwa hepataitisi A (HAV). Ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi mavailasi amenewa, makamaka ana, amasonyeza zizindikiro zochepa kapena sasonyeza n'komwe zizindikiro za matendawa. Kwa anthu amene akusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, pamatenga milungu iwiri mpaka milungu 6 kuchokera pamene tizilomboti tinalowa m'thupi kuti zizindikiro ziyambe kuonekera. Nthawi zambiri zizindikiro za matendawa zimaonekera kwa milungu 8 ndipo zina mwa zizindikirozo ndi: nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, khungu kuchita chikasu, fkutentha thupi, komanso kumva kupweteka m'mimba. Pafupifupi anthu 10 mpaka 15 pa 100 aliwonse amene asonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa, zizindikirozo zimayambiranso pakatipa miyezi 6 kuchokera pamene tizilombo ta matendawa tinalowa m'thupi. Matendawa amatha kulepheretsa chiwindi kugwira bwino nthcito yake ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka kwa achikulire. + +Kawirikawiri matendawa amafalikira ngati munthu wadya chakudya kapena kumwa madzi omwe akhudzidwa ndi nyansi za kuchimbudzi zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Nkhanu komanso ndiwo zina za m'gulu la nkhanu zomwe sizinaphikidwe mokwanira zimathanso kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa amatha kufalanso ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa akukhudzana kwambiri ndi anthu ena. Ngakhale kuti ana omwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa sasonyeza zizindikiro zake, komabe anawo amatha kupatsira anthu ena matendawa. Matendawa akalowa m'thupi la munthu koyamba munthuyo n'kuchira, munthuwo sangadwalenso matendawa kwa moyo wake wonse ngakhale tizilombo tochuluka titalowa m'thupi mwake. Zizindikiro za hepataitisi A n'zofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena ambiri choncho pamafunika kuyeza magazi kuti madokotala atsimikizire ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa. Matenda a hepataitisi alipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokwanira 5 motengera mtundu wa vailasi umene umawayambitsa, monga: A, B, C, D, ndi E. + +Katemera wa hepataitisi A amathandiza kwambiri kupewa matendawa. Mayiko ena amalimbikitsa kuti ana onse azilandira katemera wa matendawa nthawi ndi nthawi makamaka ngati ali m'madera amene matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri. Zikuoneka kuti munthu akangolandira katemerayu kamodzi, amagwira ntchito m'thupi mwake kwa moyo wake wonse. Matendawa angapewedwe mosavuta potsatira njira zaukhondo monga kusamba m'manja komanso kuphika zakudya m'njira yabwino. Matendawa alibe mankhwala, koma wodwala amapatsidwa mankhwala oti athane ndi zizindikiro za matendawa monga nseru kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri munthu yemwe ali ndi tizolombo toyambitsa matendawa amakhala bwinobwino popanda vuto lililonse la chiwindi. Koma ngati matendawa achititsa kut chiwindi chiwonongeke n'kumalephera kugwira bwino ntchito, pangafunike opaleshoni yochotsa chiwindicho n'kuika china. + +Padziko lonse, anthu 1.5 miliyoni amasonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa chaka chilichonse ndipo zikuoneka kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambirimbiri amatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Matendawa ndi ofala kwambiri m'madera amene ukhondo ndi wovuta komanso madzi aukhondo ndi osowa. M'mayiko amene akukwera kumene, pafupifupi ana 90 pa 100 aliwonse amakhala atatenga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa akamafika pokwanitsa zaka 10 zakubadwa, choncho sangadwale matendawa akafika pa msinkhu wauchikulire. M'mayiko amene ndi olemera ndithu, nthawi zambiri matendawa amafika pokhala mliri chifukwa ana m'mayiko oterewa salandira katemera wa matendawa komanso matupi awo amakhala asanazolowere tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Mu 2010, matenda a hepataitisi A anapha anthu okwana 102,000 padziko lonse. Choncho panakhazikitsidwa Tsiku Lokumbukira Matenda a Hepataitisi Padziko Lonse lomwe ndi pa July 28 chaka chilichonse ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthandiza anthu kuti adziwe za kuopsa kwa matenda a hepataitisi. +Katemera wa chifuwa chokoka mtima ndi katemera amene amateteza ku chifuwa chokoka mtima. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya katemerayu; katemera wa maselo athunthu komanso katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo. Anthu 78 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa maselo athunthu amatetezeka ku matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima pomwe anthu 71 mpaka 85 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amatetezeka ku matendawa. Zikuoneka kuti mphamvu za katemerayu zimachepa moti chaka chilichonse, anthu awiri mpaka 10 pa 100 aliwonse omwe analandira katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amatha kudwala matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima. Ngati mayi woyembekezera atalandira katemerayu, zingathandize kuti mwana wosabadwayo adzatetezeke kumatendawa akadzabadwa. Zikuoneka kuti katemerayu anathandiza kuti anthu 500,000 asafe ndi matenda a chifukwa chokoka mtima mu 2002. + +Bungwe la World Health Organization ndiponso la Center for Disease Control and Prevention limalimbikitsa kuti ana onse azipatsidwa katemerayu ndipo katemera ameneyu akhale m'gulu la akatemera amene amaperekedwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale anthu amene ali ndi HIV/AIDS ayenera kulandira katemerayu. Ana amayenera kulandira katemerayu maulendo atatu, kuyambira ali ndi milungu 6. Kenako anawo akamakula angapatsidwenso katemera wina wowonjezera. Katemerayu amaphatikizidwa ndi katemera wa mitundu ina. + +Katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mayiko olemera chifukwa choti sabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Anthu oyambira pa 10 mpaka 50 pa 100 aliwonse amene alandira katemera wa maselo amamva kuphwanya kwa thupi, thupi limatentha, komanso pamalo pamene awabayapo pamafiira. Mwana m'modzi pa 100 aliwonse amene abayidwa katemerayu amalira kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri ndipo amatha kuchita ngati wakomoka, Febrile seizures. Koma katemera wa tizigawo tamaselo nthawi zina amangochititsa kuti mkono umene wabiyidwawo utupe pang'ono komanso kwa nthawi yochepa basi. Mavuto amene amabwera munthu akangolandira kumene katemerayu, kaya wa maselo athunthu kapena wa tizigawo tamaselo amakhala ochepa kwambiri kwa ana akhanda. Katemera wa maselo athunthu sayenera kuperekedwa kwa mwana amene wapitirira zaka 6. Mitundu iwiri yonseyi ya katemera sibwera mavuto aliwonse odetsa nkhawa okhudza ubongo. + +Katemera wa chifuwa chokoka mtima anapangidwa koyamba mu 1926. Katemerayu ali pa gulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Mtundu wina wa katemerayu ulinso ndi mankhwala olimbana ndi kafumbata, diphtheria, poliyo, ndiponso katemera wa Hib ndipo mtengo wake unali madola 15.41 a ku America mu 2014. +Chifuwa chokoka mtima, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chifuwa cha masiku 100, ndi matenda omwe anthu amapatsirana mosavuta ndipo chimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Matendawa akamayamba kumene, zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofanana ndi za chifuwa wamba komanso chimfine ndipo wodwala amatuluka mamina, amatentha thupi ndiponso amakhosomola mwa apo ndi apo. Pakapita nthawi, wodwalayo amayamba kukhosomola kwambiri. Ndiyeno wodwalayo amayamba kukhosomola modetsa nkhawa ndiponso amabanika. Wodwalayo angakhosomole kwa masiku opitirira 100 kapena milungu 10. Wodwalayo angakhosomole kwambiri mpaka kufika posanza, kuvulala m'nthiti, kapena kufika potopa kwambiri mpaka kumalephera kukhosomala bwinobwino. Ana omwe sanakwanitse chaka chimodzi kawirikawiri sakhosomola kwenikweni koma m'malo mwake amangobanika kwa kanthawi ndithu. Nthawi zambiri pamadutsa masiku oyambira pa 7 mpaka 10 kuchokera pa nthawi imene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa m'thupi la munthu kuti munthuyo ayambe kusonyeza zizindikiro. Nthawi zina anthu amene anapatsidwa katemera wa matendawa amatha kudwala koma matendawa sakhala a mphamvu kwambiri. + +Matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima amayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya otchedwa Bordetella pertussis. Anthu amapatsirana matendawa kudzera mu mpweya ndipo amafalikira mosavuta munthu yemwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa wakhosomula kapena kuyetsemula. Wodwala akhoza kupatsira ena matendawa kungoyambira pamene wayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro mpaka kufika pa milungu itatu atayamba kukhosomola modetsa nkhawa. Odwala amene alandira mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya sangapatsire ena matendawa ngati papita masiku 4 kuchokera pamene anayamba kumwa mankhwalawa. Madokotala amafunika kuyeza makhololo kapena mamina kuti adziwe ngati munthu ali ndi matendawa. Ndiyenso madokotala angayeze zinthu zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga yotchedwa culture kapena yotchedwa polymerase chain reaction. + +Matendawa angapewedwe ndi katemera monga katemera wa chifuwa chokoka mtima. Azaumoyo amalimbikitsa makolo kuti ana onse a milungu 6 mpaka 8 ayenera kupatsidwa katemera woyambirira yemwe amakhala wa magawo anawo. Koma mphamvu za katemerayu zimachepa pakapita zaka zingapo ndipo azaumoyo amalimbikitsa kuti ana akulirapo komanso akuluakulu azipatsidwanso katemerayu. Anthu amene akhala pafupi ndi munthu yemwe akudwala matendawa angamwe mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya pofuna kudziteteza kuti asadwale. Koma kwa anthu amene ayamba kale kudwala matendawa, kumwa mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya patapita milungu itatu kuyambira pamene anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro za matendawa sikuthandiza kwenikweni. Ana osakwanitsa chaka chimodzi komanso amayi apakati angathe kumwa mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya ngati papita milungu 6 kuyambira pamene zizindikiro za matendawa zinayamba kuonekera. Mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi monga erythromycin, azithromycin, kapenatrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti mankhwala sathandiza kwenikweni pa vuto la kukhosomola kwambiri. Ana ambiri osakwanitsa chaka chimodzi amagonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha matendawa. + +Zikuoneka kuti matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima amakhudza anthu 16 miliyoni chaka chilichonse padziko lonse. Ambiri mwa anthu amene amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa ndi a m'mayiko amene akukwera kumene ndipo anthu a misinkhu yonse akukhudzidwa. Mu 2013 matendawa anapha anthu 61,000 ndipo chiwerengerochi n'chocheperapo tikayerekezera ndi anthu 138,000 amene anamwalira ndi matendawa mu 1990. Pafupifupi ana awiri pa 100 aliwonse amene amatenga matendawa amamwalira. Mbiri imasonyeza kuti matendawa anadziwika koyamba m'zaka za ma 1500. Mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa matendawa anadziwika koyamba mu 1906. Katemera wa matenda a chifuwa chokoka mtima anayamba kupezeka m'zaka za m'ma 1940. +Katemera wa chikuku ndi katemera amene amathandiza kwambiri popewa matenda a chikuku. Ana osapitirira miyezi 9 akalandira katemera mmodzi yekha, 85 peresenti ya anawo amakhala otetezeka moti sangadwale matendawa, ndipo 95 peresenti ya ana opitirira miyezi 12 sangadwale akalandira katemerayu. Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe sakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira cholimbana ndi matendawa atalandira katemera woyamba amakhala ndi chitetezochi akalandira katemera wachiwiri. Katemerayu akaperekedwa kwa anthu opitirira 93 pa 100 aliwonse m'dera linalake, kawirikawiri palibenso munthu wa m'deralo amene angadwale amatenda a chikuku. Katemerayu amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri m'thupi la munthu. Koma sizikudziwika ngati katemerayu amayamba kuchepa mphamvu pakapita zaka zambiri ali m'thupi la munthu. Katemerayu amathanso kuteteza munthu kuti asadwale chikuku ngati waperekedwa kwa munthuyo patangopita masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa m'thupi la munthuyo. + +Ndipo katemerayu ndi wosaopsa ngakhale kwa anthu amene ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Pamakhala mavuto ochepa kwambiri oyambitsidwa ndi katemerayu ndipo mavutowo si oopsa komanso sakhalitsa. Mavuto ake angakhale kumva ululu pamalo amene mwabayidwa jakisoni komanso kutentha thupi. Munthu mmodzi pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse amatha kuyamba vuto la Anaphylaxis.Ndipo anthu ochepa kwambiri mwa anthu amene alandira katemerayu amathanso kuyamba vuto la Guillian-Barre syndrome, autism ndiponso kutsegula m'mimba. + +Katemera wa matendawa alipo wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga wa chikuku chenicheni komanso wa chikuku cha rubella, mumps, ndiponso chikuku cha varicella (amatchedwanso katemera wa MMR ndiponso katemera wa MMRV). Mitundu yonseyi ya katemera imagwira ntchito bwinobwino. Bungwe la World Health Organization linapereka malangizo akuti katemerayu aziperekedwa kwa mwana aliyense mwanayo akangokwanitsa miyezi 9 m'madera amene matenda a chikuku ndi ofala. Koma m'madera amene matendawa si ofala, mwana amayenera kulandira katemerayu akakwanitsa miyezi 12 ya kubadwa. Katemerayu amapangidwa ndi tizilombo tamoyo. Amakhala waufa ndipo amayenera kusungunulidwa kuti alowe m'thupi la munthu kaya kudzera pakhungu kapena m'minofu. Munthu yemwe yapatsidwa katemerayu angayezedwe magazi pofuna kutsimikizira ngati katemerayu akugwiradi ntchito yake m'thupi. + +Mu 2013, ana 85 pa ana 100 aliwonse analandira katemerayu padziko lonse. Mu 2008 mayiko osachepera pa 192 anapereka katemerayu maulendo awiri. Katemera wa chikuku anayamba kuperekedwa kwa anthu mu 1963. Kenako mu 1971 katemera wa mitundu iwiri ya chikuku anayamba kuperekedwa kwa anthu. Ndipo mu 2005, katemera wa katsabola anaphatikizidwa pa mitundu ya katemera wa chikuku n'kukhala katemera wotchedwa MMRV. Katemera ameneyu ali pa gulu la World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, yemwe ndi katemera wofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa munthu amene ayenera kuperedwa ndi  a zaumoyo komanso a zachipatala. Ndipotu katemera wa chikuku si wokwera mtengo. + +Zolemba +MChikuku, chomwenso chimadziwika kuti mayina akuti  morbilli, rubeola, ndiponso red measles, ndi matenda amene anthu amapatsirana mosavuta ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi mavailasi achikuku. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndi monga kutentha thupi, komwe kumatha kuposa pa 40 °C (104.0 °F), chifuwa, chimfine, ndiponso kufiira maso. Pakapita masiku awiri kapena atatu kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira zinayamba kuonekera, munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amatuluka tinsungu toyera mkamwa mwake tomwe timachedwa tinsungu ta Koplik. Pakapita masiku atatu mpaka 5 kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira zinayamba, tizilonda tofiira tophwathalala timatuluka kumaso ndipo timafalikira m’thupi lonse. Zizindikirozi kawirikawiri zimayamba pakatha masiku 10 mpaka 12 kuchokera pamene munthu anakhala pafupi ndi wodwala matendawa ndipo zizindikirozi zimatenga masiku 7 mpaka 10. Anthu 30 mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi matendawa amathanso kusonyeza zizindikiro zina zikuluzikulu monga kutsegula m'mimba, kuchita khungu, kutupa kwa ubongo, ndiponso chibayo. Rubella (chikuku cha ku Germany) n'chosiyana ndi chikuku chotchedwa roseola. + +Matenda a chikuku amafala kudzera mu mpweya ndipo amafalikira mosavuta munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa akakhosomola kapena kuyetsemula. Chikuku chingafalikirenso ngati munthu atakhudza malovu kapena mamina a munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa. Anthu 9 pa 10 aliwonse omwe sanalandire katemera wa chikuku ndipo akukhala ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matendawa amatenga matendawa mosavuta. Munthu akhoza kupatsira ena matendawa kuyambira pa tsiku la 4 asanayambe kutuluka tizilonda mpaka pa tsiku la 4 atatuluka tizilonda. Kawirikawiri munthu amatha kudwala matendawa kamodzi pamoyo wake. Munthu yemwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi matendawa amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikayezetsa ndipo kuchita zimenezi kumathandiza a zaumoyo. + +Katemera wa chikuku amathandiza kwambiri kuti munthu asadwale matendawa. Katemera wathandiza kuti anthu 75 pa 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa asamadwale ndipo zimenezi zachitika kuyambira m’chaka cha 2000 mpaka 2013 ndipo ana 85 pa 100 aliwonse padziko lonse alandira kale katemera wa matendawa. Padakali pano palibe mankhwala odziwika omwe amachiza matendawa. Komabe thandizo loperekedwa ndi achipatala komanso ukhondo zimathandiza kuti matendawa asafalikire. Thandizoli lingaphatikizepo oral rehydration solution (madzi a mchere ndi shuga), zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndiponso mankhwala othandiza kuletsa kutentha thupi ndiponso kuphwanya thupi. Mankhwala olimbana ndi mabakiteriya angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati wodwalayo akusonyeza zizindikiro zina zoyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, monga chibayo. M’mayiko omwe akukwera kumene, wodwala amalimbikitsidwanso kumwa mankhwala othandiza kuwonjezera vitamini A m'thupi. + +Chaka chilichonse, anthu pafupifupi 20 miliyoni amakhudzidwa ndi matenda a chikuku, ndipo ambiri mwa anthu amenewa ndi a m’mayiko omwe akukwera kumene a mu Africa ndi Asia. Chikuku chimapha anthu ochuluka zedi poyerekezera ndi matenda onse amene angapewedwe ndi katemera. M’chaka cha 2013, anthu 96,000 anafa ndi matendawa ndipo mu 1990, anthu omwe anafa ndi matendawa analipo 545,000. Mu 1980, zikuoneka kuti matendawa anapha anthu 2.6 miliyoni padziko lonse. Ku United States kokha, chaka chilichonse anthu 3 kapena 4 miliyoni ankapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse dzikoli lisanayambe kupereka katemera. Ambiri mwa anthu amene amadwala matendawa komanso kumwalira ndi matendawa ndi ana osakwanitsa zaka 5. Masiku ano, 0.2 peresenti ya odwala matendawa ndi amene amakhala pa chiopsezo choti akhoza kumwalira, ndipo chiwerengerochi chimafika pa 10 peresenti kwa odwala omwe alinso ndi vuto loperewera zakudya m'thupi. Zikuoneka kuti matendawa amakhudzanso zinyama zina. + +Zolemba +Katemera wa Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) ndi katemera amene amaperekedwa pofuna kulimbana ndi matenga a chifuwa chachikulu. M'mayiko amene chifuwa chachikulu n'chofala kwambiri, katemera m'modzi kwa mayi woyembekezera yemwenso ndi wathanzi ndipo watsala pang'ono kubereka mwana. Ana omwe ali ndi HIV/AIDS sayenera kupatsidwa katemerayu. M'madera omwe chifuwa chachikulu si chofala kwenikweni, ana omwe akuoneka kuti akhoza kudwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu kawirikawiri amapatsidwa mankhwala owateteza ku matendawa pambuyo poti ayezedwa ndi dokotala. Anthu akuluakulu omwe sakudwala chifuwa chachikulu komanso sanalandirepo katemera wa matendawa koma nthawi zambiri amapita kudera lomwe matendawa ndi ofala akuyenera kupatsidwa katemerayu. + +Katemerayu amagwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana kwa anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyananso, ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka 10 mpaka 20. Kwa ana, katemerayu amateteza pafupifupi 20% ya anawo kuti asatenge matendawa, ndipo kwa omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa talowa kale m'thupi mwawo, amateteza hafu ya anawo kuti asadwale chifuwa chachikulu. Katemerayu amaperekedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya jakisoni. Palibe umboni wotsimikizira kuti kulandira katemera mungapo pa nthawi imodzi kumathandiza kwambiri. Katemera wa BCG angagwiritsidwenso ntchito polimbana ndi mitundu ina ya matenda a khansa ya chikodzodzo. + +Nthawi zambiri katemerayu sabweretsa mavuto alionse odetsa nkhawa. Koma mavuto ang'onoang'ono omwe amakhalapo ndi oti pamalo amene munthu wabayidwa jakisoni pamatha kutupa, kufiira, ndiponso pangapweteke kwa kanthawi. Komanso chilonda chaching'ono chingayambe pamalo amene pabayidwa jakisoni ndipo kenako pangachite chipsera chilondacho chikapola. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mavuto ena amene amachitika kawirikawiri kwa anthu amene ali ndi vuto la chitetezo chochepa m'thupi.Amayi omwe ali oyembekezera sayenera kulandira katemera. Katemerayu anapangidwa kuchokera kutilombo totchedwa Mycobacterium bovis tomwe timapezeka kwambiri mu ng'ombe. Ngakhale kuti tizilombo ta m'katemerayu timakhala tofooka, timakhalabe tamoyo. + +Katemera wa BCG anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pa ndi madokotala m'chaka cha 1921. Katemerayu ali m'gulu la m'ndandanda wa mankhwala amene ofunika kwambiri pagulu la mankhwala a World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, omwe amathandiza kwambiri pa nkhani zaumoyo. Mtengo wogulira mankhwalawa pa chipiku unali madola 0.16 pa katemera m'modzi m'chaka cha 2014. Koma ku United States mtengo wake umayambira madola 100 mpaka kufika 200. Ndipo chaka chilichonse ana pafupifupi 100 miliyoni amapatsidwa katemerayu. + +Malifalensi +Sulaiman Kalimu +Mwana wa number 3 mubanja la Ana 6 +Ku salima Malawi ku lifidzi. school Ali form 2.chipembedzo chake ndi chisila. Ali ndi mayina angapo. Loyamba Sulaiman (birth name). +Jovanie mw (Nickname). +Ishmael (at school)Amavera nyimbo ZA Malinga Mafia. Amadana ndi nyimbo za Mady p (don gogo) +Amasapota BEFOWARD WANDERERS (manoma) +Kunja amasapota team ya MANCHESTER UNITED +PLAYER YEMWE AMAMUKONDA NDI CHRITIANAL RONALDO. +AMAKONDA KUSEWERA GAME YA DREAM LEAGUE +nzake wa pantima ndi BONIFACE KILEMBE +Adaimako ndi malinga nyimbo yotchedwa #RIGHT #STARS muchaka cha 2019 +Nyimbo ina adaimba ndi B WILLZ (Boniface kilimbe) +Nyimbo yotchedwa Mu GHETTO + +SULAIMAN ABDUL KAREEM +Adabadwa pa 27th may 2002 +Kwa kutsanja +Naruhito (1960-) 126 Mfumu la Japan. + +Zolemba +Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (anabadwa pa 15 Seputembala 1984) ndi mwana wa Charles, Prince wa Wales, ndi Diana, Princess of Wales. Iye ali wachisanu ndi chimodzi mzere wotsatizana ku mpando wachifumu wa Britain. +Anthu amoyo +1984 kubadwa +Qhov Sé tua neeg pov tseg ', kuj tseem hu ua' tua neeg da Sé 'yog kev sib tua tawm tsam cov neeg tsis muaj tsev nyob hauv Praça da Sé, nyob hauv lub nroog S Paulo Paulo, nruab nrab ntawm 19th thiab 22nd Lub Yim Hli 2004. + +Keeb Kwm + +Kev Tshawb Fawb +Kev tshawb nrhiav nyob rau lub sijhawm qhia tias qhov laj thawj ntawm kev ua txhaum cai yog ua kom cov neeg ua pov thawj tsis txaus siab uas tau tshaj tawm tias cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj txhaum cai hauv cheeb tsam. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, tus neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb raug ntes kaw, rau tub rog tub rog raug txwv, peb tug tub rog raug ntes, tabsis raug tso tawm vim tsis muaj pov thawj. Txij ntawd los, tsis muaj leej twg raug liam tias yog tus ua txhaum. + +Tawm tsam +Tus sawv cev ntawm National Street Population Movement, Sebastião Nicomedes de Oliveira tau hais rau xyoo 2015: "Qhov teeb meem txuas ntxiv, kev tsim txom mus ntxiv. Yog li, peb qhia tias peb tsis tau hnov ​​qab, vim tias cov neeg no tsis tej zaum cov neeg tsis muaj tsev nyob tseem raug kev tsim txom, tuag yam tsis saib xyuas. Kev tua neeg tsis tas. " + +{ + +Cov Ntawv: Massacres hauv São Paulo +Qeb: 2004 hauv São Paulo + Tub ceev xwm kev kub ntxhov hauv Brazil +Qeb: Qhov teeb meem txhaum cai cuam tshuam nrog tub ceev xwm hauv Brazil + Kev tua neeg tsis sib haum hauv Brazil +Qeb: Raug tua nyob hauv 2000s hauv Brazil +Qeb: Raug tua nyob hauv South America hauv 2004 +Judith Bwalya Malele (born 3 August 1990), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Judy Yo ndi wojambula waku Zambia wakujambula m'chiuno aku hop. + +Zolemba +Macau (Chipwitikizi: Macau; Chingerezi: Macao) [Ref. 9], amatchedwa Aus [Ref. 10], amadziwika kuti Jingjingao, amatchedwanso Qijiang, Longyamen, Haijing, Jinghai, Magang, Sudabu [Dziwani 5] Ndi dera lapadera loyang'anira People's Republic of China komanso dera laling'ono kwambiri pakati pamagawo olamulira 34. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South China Sea komanso kumadzulo kwa Pearl River Estuary, kumpoto kwa Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, ndi kummawa ndi oyandikana ndi Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Makilomita 63 pambali. +Monica Katebe Musonda ndi loya waku Zambia yemwe adasandulika katswiri wazachuma.  Ali ndi maudindo angapo komanso mphotho koma amadziwika kwambiri kuti amapanga ndipo amatsogolera kampani yopanga zakudya ku Zambia. + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Angela Nyirenda ndi wojambula aku Zambia ndikujambula. + +Angela anabadwira ku Chipata, pafupifupi 600km kummawa kwa Lusaka, komwe amaphunzira kusekondale ndi sekondale. Angela wachinyamata anali wochita masewera otchuka nthawi zonse ku Chipata, makamaka ngati wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a R&B. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi amayi ake, yemwe anali wojambula waluso, adasamukira ku Lusaka kuti akapeze mbiri ndikumapita maphunziro aku koleji. Ngakhale amayi ake adalangiza kuti ayang'ane abale a Sakala Brothers ndikupempha thandizo lawo kuti ayambe kuyambitsa nyimbo, zinali mwayi wamisonkhano ndi duo yotchuka yomwe idapangitsa kuti Angela akhale m'modzi mwa akatswiri ojambula bwino kwambiri azikhalidwe zaku Zambia. + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Natasha Chansa (born 29 April 2000), ndi woimba Zambia Pop ndi Hip Hop amene amaimba pansi pa sitepe dzina dzina Princess Natasha Chansa. + +Chansa alinso rapper, lyricist, wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba nyimbo ndi wovina. Pakadali pano asayinidwa ku Zed Arts Records, chojambula chodziyimira payokha ku Zambia chomwe chili naye. +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +2000 kubadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Nyimbo zake ndizokoma kwabasi.Tiyeni tonse timulondole pa webusaiti yake ya youtube. +Francisca Magaret Msisha (wobadwa pa Januware 11,1992 ku Kabwe, Zambia.A ndi wojambula wa Female Pop ya ku Zambia komanso R&B. Adadzuka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2010 ndi mbiri yake yoimba 'Umutokofyompo' Iye ndi m'modzi mwa ojambula odziwika kubwera ku Art art ya Zambia omwe amatha kuimba nyimbo ndi Kuchita. + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +1992 kubadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Salma Dodia wobadwa 1985, Salma anali atayamba kale kuchita bwino kwambiri mpaka anaganiza zoyamba kuimba.Kukula, Salma Sky anali ndi chidwi chakuyimba, luso lake komanso zomwe adakumana nazo zidawonekera ali mwana. Komabe anatenga hiatus kuchokera ku nyimbo ndikuyamba ntchito yaukadaulo, ntchito yomwe idamuyendera bwino mwayi wopeza mwayi. Ngakhale ntchito yake yopanga ma modula inali yophulika, chikondi choyamba cha Salma chinali nyimbo nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake Woyimba waluso adaganiza zobwerera ku studio ndikulimbana ndi JK yemwe anali katswiri wodziwika bwino ku Zambia JK pa single Kapiripiri, zitadziwika kuti Salma sikuti adangokhala mawu atsopano pawailesi, koma amodzi omwe anali oti angokhala. + +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +1985 kubadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +Chisenga Muyoya is a Mandela Washington Fellow, a recipient of the Chevening Scholarship and MILEAD (Moremi Initiative Leadership and Empowerment Development) fellow. She is also a Commonwealth PHD Scholar, Data and ICT Expert, Gender Researcher and community change Champion. + +Chisenga was born on the 21st of April in Lusaka,Zambia.She was exposed to IT at an early age where she used to play with her father's laptop.After high school, she went to the University of London MSc.in United Kingdom where she did 'ICT for Development' with Royal Holloway class of 2016. + +Chisenga Muyoyo is the first Zambian to win the Junior Chamber International Outstanding Young Person of the Year Award in 2015 with reference to her 'Business, Economic and/or Entrepreneurial Accomplishments'. + +Chisenga is an experienced computer programmer and a co-founding member of 'Asikana' (Young Girls) Network, a Zambian social enterprise movement that increases the participation of women and girls in technology. At Asikana, her roles include the following among others: (1)strategic planning and implementation , (2) conducting capacity building trainings, (3) counseling and mentor-ship, (4) community outreach, (5) social research and, (6) public awareness and advocacy. +Chisenga Muyoyo is the first Zambian to win the Junior Chamber International Outstanding Young Person of the Year Award in 2015 + +By academic standings, she holds a BSc in Computing, a Masters in ICT for Development from University of London which was awarded a distinction and an academic prize for research on gender and technology and she is currently a Commonwealth PhD Scholar researching feminist approaches to data science at the University of Sheffield. + +References +Bwalya Sophie Chibesakunda (wobadwa pa 31 Disembala 1987) wodziwika bwino monga Bombshell Grenade amenenso amalemba ngati Bomb$hell ndi woimba wa Zambia-Hip-Hop waku Zambia, wolemba nyimbo, wolemba malonda, wochita bizinesi, wamalonda komanso wolemba nkhani pa Diamond TV. + +Zolemba +Anthu amoyo +Oimba +1987 kubadwa +Anthu a ku Zambiya +{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" +|+Miss Grand Internationalมิสแกรนด์อินเตอร์เนชันแนล +|- +| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | + +|- +| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | + +|- +| align=center colspan=2 | +|- +| style="background:#efefef;" align="left" colspan=2 | + +|} + +Miss Grand International (MGI) ndi mpikisano wokongola wapadziko lonse wokhazikika ku Thailand. Imachitika chaka chilichonse kuyambira 2013. Nawat Itsaragrisil anali mwiniwake wa Miss Grand International pageant. + +Mu 2019, dzina la Miss Grand International ndi la Valentina Figuera'' wochokera ku Venezuela. Chichewa omwe akuyankhula mayiko ngati Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, ndi Zimbabwe sanapambane mpikisano. + +Winners + +Gallery + +Oyimira mayiko olankhula Chichewa +Color Key; + +Mozambique ndi Malawi sizitenga nawo mbali pamphikisano. Zimbabwe idalumikizana kawiri mu 2013 ndi 2014. Ndipo 2018 ndiye kope lokhalo lomwe Zambia idatenga nawo gawo. + +Miss Grand Zimbabwe + +Miss Grand Zambia + +External links + + Official website of Miss Grand International + FAcebook page of Miss Grand International + Instagram of Miss Grand International + Twitter of Miss Grand International + Youtube channel of Miss Grand International + +Reference + +Thailand +Mliri wa coronavirus wa 2019-20 unatsimikiziridwa kuti wafika ku Zambia mu Marichi 2020. Pa 12 Januware 2020, bungwe la World Health Organisation (WHO) lidatsimikiza kuti buku la coronavirus lomwe lidayambitsa matenda ndi lomwe lidayambitsa matenda opumira m'magulu a anthu ku Wuhan City, m'chigawo cha Hubei, China, zomwe zidanenedwa ku WHO pa 31 Disembala 2019. + +Chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa COVID-19 chakhala chotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi SARS ya 2003, koma matendawa adakula kwambiri, ndipo anthu onse amafa. + +Malingaliro + +2020 ku Zambia +Harry Lillis Crosby ( Tacoma, United States, 3 maypole cha 1903 - Alcobendas, Spain, 14 October wa 1977 ), imadziwika Bing Crosby anali woimba ( crooner ) ndi wosewera American ndi ntchito zinatenga zaka pafupifupi ankaona Nyenyezi yoyamba, Bing Crosby anali woyamba kugulitsa nyimbo komanso wopambana kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20. + +Crosby anali mtsogoleri wazakugulitsa, kuwonetsa ma wailesi, ndi kupeza ndalama mu kanema - m'modzi wofunikira komanso wotchuka m'zaka zam'ma 20 padziko lonse lapansi. Anali m'modzi mwa akatswiri oyamba ojambula. + +Pakati pa 1934 ndi 1954, Crosby anali wogulitsa mosalephera ndi ma Albamu ake, makanema akuluakulu pama wayilesi, komanso makanema otchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi mmodzi wa anthu omwe amakonda kuimba kwambiri ndipo ndi mawu omwe amalembedwa pakompyuta masiku ano. Mbiri yaukatswiri ya Crosby ndiyodziwika konse, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutchula kuti anali m'modzi mwa olimbikitsa kwambiri ochita zisudzo zina zazikulu Othandizira achimuna monga Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Dean Martin, John Lennon, Elvis Presley, Michael Bublé kuti atchule ochepa. + +Bing Crosby wagulitsa marekhodi opitilira 1 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, mwina ogulitsa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse, komanso nyimbo yomwe ikugulitsidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yotchedwa White Christmas, yokhala ndi zambiri Makope 50,000,000 omwe agulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi.5 + +Crosby anali wodziwika komanso wotchuka kwambiri chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 padziko lapansi mpaka pomwe kafukufuku yemwe anachitika kalelo adawonetsa kuti Crosby anali wotchuka komanso wolemekezeka kuposa Papa Pius XII panthawiyo. + +Kupambana kwake kwa tchati kumakhalabe kosangalatsa: Makadi 396 payokha, kuphatikiza 41 No. 1: Ngati muwerenga kangapo "White Christmas" yomwe ikuperekedwa, zomwe zingafikitse kuchuluka kwa 43, kuposa The Beatles ndi Elvis Presley pamodzi. + +Crosby anali ndi zoyimba pawokha chaka chilichonse kuyambira 1931 ndi 1954, kuphatikiza iye anali ndi mayimidwe 24 odziwika mu 1939 yekha. + +Bing Crosby adalemba zojambulidwa zoposa 2000 zamakampani ndi ma wayilesi pafupifupi 4,000, kuphatikizanso mndandanda wawanema ndi kanema wawayilesi, ndiye wojambula wojambulidwa kwambiri m'mbiri. + +Bing Crosby adalemba mapaipi 41 No. 1 pama chart (43 kuphatikiza mutu wachiwiri ndi wachitatu wa "Christmas Christmas"), kuposa The Beatles yokhala ndi (24) ndi Elvis Presley okhala ndi (18) mbiri. + +Zojambulazo zinafika maulendo 396, kuphatikiza a Frank Sinatra (209) ndi Elvis Presley (149). + +Crosby anali liwu la nyimbo 13 zosankhidwa ndi Oscar, zinayi zomwe zidapambana Academy Award for Best Song: "Lokoma Leilani" (Waikiki Ukwati, 1937), "Christmas Christmas" (Holiday Inn, 1942), "Swinging pa Nyenyezi "(Going My Way, 1944), ndi" Kuzizira, Kuzizira, Kuzizira kwamadzulo "(Apa Comes the Groom, 1951). + +Bing Crosby wapatsidwa nyenyezi zitatu pa Hollywood Walk of Fame: imodzi yojambulira, imodzi ya wailesi, ndi imodzi yamakanema. + +Bing Crosby ndijambula wojambulidwa kwambiri m'mbiri yomwe inali ndi ma 400 pafupifupi ma hitits omwe agulitsidwa padziko lapansi, zomwe palibe amene akuphatikizapo Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, The Beatles ndi Michael Jackson omwe afika pafupi kufananiza. + +Crosby walemba zisudzo zinayi mu Grammy Hall of Fame, yomwe ndi mphotho yapadera yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1973 kulemekeza zojambulidwa "zofunikira komanso mbiri yakale". + +Bing Crosby ndi gawo la mndandanda wa ochita masewera olakwika kwambiri m'mbiri ya mafilimu, kwa zaka zingapo adawonetsedwa ngati wochita masewera olimbana nawo omwe amapikisana nawo malo oyamba motsutsana ndi nthano zina zazikulu za cinema zomwe zimadutsidwa ndi John Wayne zimamuwona ngati wamkulu kwambiri wochita zisudzo mbiri. +Donald Jay "'Don" Rickles (May 8, 1926 – April 6, 2017) ndi American woimba. + +United States +Wienerschnitzel ndi American chakudya chodyera restaurant chain. Inakhazikitsidwa mu 1961 ndi John Galardi. + +Zolemba + Kudyera kofulumira ku America +Tamara ntombizodwa tsoka ndi wojambula wa ku Zambia yemwe amasewera ndi dzina la Tami kingfifi. Wagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ojambula monga +Uwu ndi mndandanda wa atsogoleri adziko la Malawi , kuyambira pa ufulu wa Malawi mu 1964 mpaka lero. + +Kuyambira mu 1964 mpaka 1966 mtsogoleri wa dziko pansi pa Malawi Independent Independence Act 1964 anali Mfumukazi ya Malawi , Elizabeth II , yemwenso anali Mtsogoleri wa United Kingdom ndi mayiko ena a Commonwealth . Mfumukaziyi idayimiriridwa ku Malawi ndi Governor-General . Dziko la Malawi lidakhala repaboliki pansi pa Constitution ya 1966 ndipo Monarch and Governor-General adasinthidwa ndi Purezidenti wamkulu . + +Monark (1964-1966) +Kutsatiridwa kwa mpando wachifumu kunali kofanana ndi kuloza pampando wachifumu waku Britain . + +Bwanamkubwa General +The Bwanamkubwa-General ankhaimilira mfumu ku Malawi ndi kumachita kwambiri kwa mphamvu za mfumu. Bwanamkubwa wamkulu anakhazikitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali, akumagwira zokondweretsa mfumu. Pambuyo pa Ndondomeko ya Westminster 1931 , a Bwanamkubwa-General adasankhidwa kokha pazomvera za Kabungwe la Malawi popanda kuchita nawo boma la Britain. Pakusala kwanyumba, Chief Justice adakhala ngatiofesi Yoyendetsa Boma . + + Mkhalidwe + +Purezidenti wa Malawi + +Chisankho chaposachedwa + +Nkhani yayikulu: Chisankho chachikulu cha Malawi 2020 + +Onaninso + + Mndandanda wa atsogoleri amdziko la Malawi (Nyasaland) + Mndandanda wa Governors-General of Malawi + Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a dziko la Malawi + Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a maboma aku Malawi + Mndandanda wa omwe akubwera + +Mbiri +Zisankho za Purezidenti zidachitika ku Malawi pa 23 June 2020, pomwe zidakonzedwa kuyambira pa 19 Meyi komanso pa 2 Julayi.  Adatsatila kufafanizidwa kwa zisankho za mu 1959 , pomwe a Peter Mutharika a Democratic Progressive Party adalandira mavoti ambiri. + +Zotsatira za zisankho zomwe zidachitikanso zidapambana a Lazarus Chakwera wa Malawi Congress Party , omwe adagonjetsa Mutharika ndi 59% mpaka 40%. + +ziPani za ndale za ku Malaŵi +Mndandanda wotsatirawu ukuimira olamulira a Niasa (Nyasalandu) . + + Sir William Henry Manning ( Okutobala 1907 - Meyi 1, 1908 ) + Sir Alfred Sharpe ( Meyi 1, 1908 - Epulo 1, 1910 ) + Francis Barrow Pearce ( Epulo 1, 1910 - Julayi 4, 1910 ) + Henry Richard Wallis ( Julayi 4, 1910 - febulo 6, 1911 ) + Sir William Henry Manning ( February 6, 1911 - Seputembara 23, 1913 ) + George Smith ( Seputembara 23, 1913 - Epulo 12, 1923 ) + Richard Sims Donkin Rankine ( Epulo 12, 1923 - Marichi 27, 1924 ) + Sir Charles Calvert Bowring ( Marichi 27, 1924 - Meyi 30, 1929 ) + Wilfred Bennett Davidson-Houston ( Meyi 30, 1929 - Novembara 7, 1929 ) + Shenton Whitelegge Thomas ( Novembara 7, 1929 - Novembara 22, 1932 ) + Sir Hubert Winthrop Young ( Novembara 22, 1932 - Epulo 9, 1934 ) + Kenneth Lambert Hall ( Epulo 9, 1934 - Seputembara 21, 1934 ) + Sir Harold Baxter Kittermaster ( Seputembara 21, 1934 - Marichi 20, 1939 ) + Sir Henry Cleveland Mackenzie-Kennedy ( Marichi 20, 1939 - Ogasiti 8, 1942 ) + Sir Edmund Charles Smith Richards ( Ogasiti 8, 1942 - Marichi 27, 1947 ) + Geoffrey Francis Taylor Colby ( Marichi 30, 1948 - Epulo 10, 1956 ) + Sir Robert Perceval Armitage ( Epulo 10, 1956 - Epulo 10, 1961 ) + Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones ( Epulo 10, 1961 - Julayi 6, 1964 ) + +Governor General of Malawi +Pambuyo pa chilengezo cha ufulu, Malawi idatsogozedwa ndi kazembe wamkulu m'malo mwa mfumu. + + Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones ( Julayi 6, 1964 - Julayi 6, 1966 ) + +Mu 1966, Malawi idakhala republic. + +Makina + + Nyasaland + +Onaninso + + Atsogoleri a Malawi + +History of Malawi +Malawi-related lists +Nduna ya Malawi anali mtsogoleri wa boma la Malawi kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1966. + +Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a maboma aku Malawi + + Magulu + + Malawi Congress Party + +Government of Malawi +History of Malawi +Malawi-related lists +Heads of government in Africa +Lazarus McCarthy Chakwera anabadwa pa 5 April 1955 ndipo ndi Malawi yemwe amadziwika bwino ndiza umbusa wa mulungu komanso ndale. Iyeyu anakhalapo wankulu wa mpingo wa Assemblies of God of Malawi kwa zaka zopitilira 20, kufikira chaka cha 2013 pamene anayamba ndale ndipo wakhala president wa dziko la Malawi kuyambira nchaka cha 2020 mu mwezi wa June. + +Malaŵi +Peter Mutharika (wobadwa 18 Julayi 1940)  ndi wandale waku Malawi , mphunzitsi komanso loya yemwe anali Malaw wa Purezidenti kuyambira Meyi 2014 mpaka Juni 2020. +Malaŵi +Sir Glyn Jones GCMG MBE (9 Januware 1908 - 10 June 1992), anali wolamulira wa atsamunda waku Britain ku Southern Africa. Anali kazembe wotsiriza wa Nyasaland (tsopano Malawi ) kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka pomwe anapeza ufulu mu 1964. Adakhala kazembe-wamkulu wa Malawi kuyambira 1964 mpaka pomwe adadzakhala republic mu 1966. Mu 1964, adasankhidwa kukhala GCMG + +Malaŵi + + +Bwanamkubwa General wa Malawi, 1964-1966 + + Sir Glyn Smallwood Jones : 6 Julayi 1964 - 6 Julayi 1966 + +Onaninso + + Malawi portal + Zandale + + Mndandanda wa abwanamkubwa wakoloni wa Nyasaland + Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a dziko la Malawi + Mndandanda wa atsogoleri a maboma aku Malawi + +History of Malawi +Malawi-related lists +Mahikeng , omwe amadziwika kuti Mafikeng komanso Mafeking yakale , ndiye likulu la North-West Province ku South Africa . + +Zolemba +Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Malawi ( Chichewa : Wotsatira wa Misonkhano wa njira la Malawi ) ndiwachiwiri paudindo waukulu kwambiri wandale m'Malawi . + +Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti amasankhidwa tikiti imodzi ndi Purezidenti . Udindo udakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu Novembala 1994 kuthandiza Purezidenti.  Komabe, ofesiyo idachitika mwamwambo chabe. + +Mndandanda wa Deputy-President a Malawi +Saulos Klaus Chilima (wobadwa pa 12 febulayi 1973, Ntcheu  ) ndi wazachuma komanso wandale waku Malawi yemwe ndi wachiwiri kwa President wa Republic of Malawi . Chilima adatenga udindowu pa 28 June 2020 + +Andale +Everton Chimulirenji (wazaka 56)  ndi wandale waku Malawi yemwe anali Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Malawi motsogozedwa ndi Peter Mutharika kuyambira Meyi 2019 mpaka February 2020 mpaka pomwe wachiwiri wake wakhala wolowererapo ndipo adalowa m'malo mwake ndi yemwe adalowe m'malo mwake Zotsatira zazikuluzikulu za chisankho za 2019 zidaperekedwa +Andale +A Khumbo Hasting Kachali ndi wandale waku Malawi yemwe anali Deputy President wa Malawi kuyambira Epulo 2012 mpaka Meyi 2014, akugwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Joyce Banda . Amadziwika kuti ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti kuchokera ku Northern Region of Malawi. Otsogolera atatu oyambawo adachokera ku chigawo chapakati ndi kumwera. Kachali kale adagwira maudindo angapo a nduna pakati pa 2004 ndi 2010. +Cassim Chilumpha (wobadwa 29 Novembara 1959) ndi wandale waku Malawi yemwe anali Deputy President wa Malawi kuyambira Juni 2004 mpaka Meyi 2009. +Justin Malewezi kapena Justin Chimera Malewezi (23 Disembala 1943 - 18 Apulo 2021) ndi wandale waku Malawi komanso membala wanyumba yamalamulo ku Ntchisi North ku Central Region of Malawi . Anali Deputy President wa Malawi kuyambira 1994 mpaka 2004. Malewezi anasiya United Nations Front mchaka cha 2004 ndipo patapita nthawi anaimira People's Progressive Movement pa chisankho chachikulu cha 2004 , pomwe adasankha voti ya 2,5% ya dziko lonse. + +Zolemba + + +Madona oyamba ndi njonda zaku Malawi + +Onaninso + + Purezidenti wa Malawi +Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira GCVO (wobadwa 25 June 1938) anali mlendo wamkulu ku Malawi pa nthawi ya Kamuzu Banda . Pomwe iye ndi Dr. Banda sanakwatirane mwalamulo, adakhala mayi woyamba kapena wogwirira ntchito wamkulu kwa zaka zingapo. Kwa zaka zingapo, anali mzimayi wamphamvu kwambiri ku Malawi. Ms Kadzamira, amatchedwa "Amayi", kapena "Amayi a Dziko". +Annie Chidzira Muluzi (1952-2021) ndi Mkazi wakale wa Malawi ndi Mkazi wa Bakili Muluzi.  Monga mayi woyamba anali woyamba wa Freedom Foundation Trust. Panopa amakhala ku United States. +Patricia Shanil Muluzi MP (wobadwa Patricia Fukulani) ndi Mkazi wakale wa Malawi komanso mkazi wa a Purezidenti Bakili Muluzi . Iye ndi mphunzitsi wakale pasukulu. Ngakhale awiriwa adakwatirana mchaka cha 1987 ndipo pomwe a Muluzi adathamangira Utsogoleri, adakhala mobisika komanso pamaso pa anthu. Pambuyo Bakili Muluzi anakhala Pulezidenti mu 1994, ankakhala nyumba pulezidenti pafupi Zomba. Anayamba kuwonekera pagulu tsiku la ukwati lisanachitike. +Madame Ethel Mutharika( c . 1944 - 28 Meyi 2007) anali Mkazi Woyamba wa Malawi komanso mkazi wa Purezidenti wa Malawi , Bingu wa Mutharika . +Madame Callista Chapola-Chimombo (Callista Mutharika) (wobadwa 24 Meyi 1959)  ndi wandale ku Malawi komanso wamasiye wa Purezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika. + +Zolemba +Richard Banda SC ndi waku Balkan waku Russia komanso wakale othamanga. Ndiwoweruza yemwe kale anali Chief Justice of Malawi ndi Eswatini komanso ngati Minister of Justice m'Malawi. Anali Purezidenti wa Commonwealth Magistrates 'ndi Oweruza' Association ndi Commonwealth Secretaryariar Arbitral Tribunal. Monga sportsman ndi, Banda anali mwache munda wothamanga ndi mpira wosewera mpira. Ndi mnzake wa Purezidenti wakale wa Malawi , Joyce Banda ndipo, monga choncho, anali Wachifundo Choyamba. + +Zolemba +Gertrude Hendrina Maseko ndiye Mkazi woyamba wa Malawi . Adakwatirana ndi Purezidenti Peter Mutharika pa 21 June 2014 +28 June 2020 . + +Maseko amachokera m'mudzi mwa Kapasule m'boma la Balaka .  Anali membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya DPP pakati pa 2009 ndi 2014, atasankhidwa musankho zikuluzikulu za 2009 . +The nduna ya Malawi ndi wamkulu nthambi ya boma, lopangidwa ndi mutsogoleli wadziko , wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko , nduna ndi achiwiri udindo m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana Malawi. + +Cabinet yamakono +Chakwera Kabinizi June 2020 + +Onaninso + + Makabati akale a Malawi + +Mbiri + +Zolemba +Nduna Yowona Zakunja a Malawi ndi nduna yoona zamalamulo aku Unduna wa Zachilendo ku Malawi , yemwe amayang'anira ntchito zakunja kwa dziko. + +Uwu ndi mndandanda wa azitumiki akunja a Malawi kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 1964: + +Mbiri +Kanyama Chiume (22 Novembara 1929 - 21 Novembara 2007), wobadwa a Murray William Kanyama Chiume , anali mtsogoleri wadziko lonse pomenyera ufulu wa dziko la Malawi m'ma 1950 ndi 1960s. Adalinso m'modzi mwa atsogoleri a Nyasaland African Congress ndipo adatengera nduna ya zamaphunziro ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja mu 1960s asadathawa mdziko muno pambuyo pa Cigwirizano cha Nduna ya 1964 . +Dr.Hetherwick Ntaba ndi dotolo waku Malawi komanso wandale, komanso mlembi wakale wa Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). Ntaba anali Nduna Yowona Zakunja [1] kuyambira 1993 mpaka 1994. Pambuyo pake, anali Secretary-General wa DPP. +Chikulamayembe ndi mzera wa mafumu omwe akhazikitsidwa pakati pa anthu a Chitumbuka mdera la Nkhamanga-Henga kumpoto kwa Malawi . Chikulamayembe choyambirira adalamulira kuyambira pafupifupi 1805, kukhala ofooka kuyambira m'ma 1830s ndikuyamba kutaya mphamvu pofika ma 1870s ndipo mzera wawo unakhazikitsidwanso mu 1907. + +Zolemba +Chitumbuka , (kapena, Kamanga Dazi Makwakwa , Batumbuka ndi Matumbuka ), ndi mfunda anapezeka ku Northern Malawi , Eastern Zambia ndi Kumwera Tanzania . Chitumbuka chimafotokozedwa ngati gawo la banja la chilankhulo cha Bantu , komanso komwe kudachokera dera la pakati pa Mtsinje wa Dwangwa kumwera, mtsinje wa North Rukuru kumpoto, Nyanja ya Malawi chakum'mawa, ndi Mtsinje wa Luangwa . Amapezeka zigwa pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja komanso malo okwezeka aNyika Plateau , komwe imakonda kutchedwa Henga ngakhale izi zikuyankhula mwachangu dzina logawa. + +Anthu a Chitumbuka adazunzidwa ndi mtundu wa Ngoni , wochokera ku South Africa , zandale kumbuyo kwa malonda a minyanga, komanso pogulitsa akapolo olamulidwa ndi otchedwa ma Arab, gulu kuphatikiza Chiswahili komanso -Muslim Africa. koma pambuyo pake adachita bwino mu nthawi ya atsamunda chifukwa cha mwayi wamaphunziro omwe adapindula nawo. A Chitumbuka anali ndi gawo lapaulimi lokwanira kupezera ndalama, ndipo amuna achikulire ambiri akusiya mabanja awo kuti akagwire ntchito yosamukira kwawo, chifukwa cha chitukuko cha dziko lawo ndi boma. + +Anthu a Chitumbuka atha kusiyanitsidwa m'mitundu ingapo yaying'ono yomwe ili ndi ma heritage ofanana koma osiyana ndi atsogoleri amfumu onse omwe ali pansi pa mfumu yayikulu Chikulamayembe . Maguluwa akuphatikizaponso Henga, Poka ndi kamanga. + + +Mndandanda wa nduna zachilungamo (makamaka pambuyo pa ufulu wodziimira mu 1964) + + Alan Munro (1957-1963) + Orton Chirwa  (1964) [ Minister 1 of Malawi of Justice and Attorney General ] + Bryan C. Roberts  (1965-1973) [Minister of Justice and Attorney General] + H. Kamuzu Banda  (1973-1991) + Lachisanu Makuta  (1992-1993) + Lovemore Munlo  (1993-1994) + Wehnam Nakanga  (1994-1995) + Collins Chizumira  (1995-1996) + Cassim Chilumpha  (1996-1998) + Peter H. Fachi  (1999-2003) + Henry Dama Phoya  (2007-2008) + Peter Mutharika (2009) + George Chaponda (2010-2011) + Ephraim Chiume (2011-2012) + Ralph Kasambara  (2012-2013) + Samuel Tembenu (2014- pompano) + +Onaninso + + Utumiki wa chilungamo + Ndale za Malawi + +Mbiri +Ralph Kasambara ndi loya waku Malawi, yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Unduna wa Zachilungamo ndi Woyimira milandu kuyambira Epulo 2012. Adagwiranso ngati a Attorney General oyang'anira a Bingu wa Mutharika nthawi yoyambilila. Pambuyo pake adadzakhala woimirira mwalamulo la prezidenti wakale wa Malawi, Joyce Banda . Kasambara akhala akudzudzula oyang'anira a Bingu wa Mutharika, akumakhala mawu pazifukwa zonamizira komanso kunena kuti "akufuna kukhala wolamulira". Adamangidwa mu February 2012, a thug atapita kuofesi yake ndi bomba la petulo poyesa kupha anthu, adayitanitsa apolisiwo, pamodzi ndi othandizira ndikuletsa ozunza. M'malo mwake adamangidwa chifukwa chakuba komanso kuzunzidwa ndi bingu. Pambuyo pake adamasulidwa pa bail, kenako kumangidwanso pamlandu wolakwika wa bail +Mganda Chiume ndi wandale yemwe anasankhidwa kukhala Nduna Yowona Zakunja mu Epulo 2012 mu nduna ya Malawi .  M'mbuyomu anali Deputy Minister of Natural Natural, Energy and Environmental, kenako anali Minister of Justice. + +Zolemba +George T. Chaponda (wobadwa pa 1 Novembala 1942) ndi kazembe wazamalawi pantchito yaku Malawi komanso wandale yemwe adatumikira ngati Unduna wa Zaulimi, ulimi wa Irrigation ndi Chitukuko chamadzi kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2017. Ndi membala woyambitsa chipani cholamula cha Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) ndipo ndi membala wa DPP Nyumba Yamalamulo yochokera kuchigawo cha Mulanje kumwera kwa Malawi. +Henry Phoya Dama ndi Member wakale yamalamulo Malawi 'm Blantyre Rural East , nduna ya Mayiko Nyumba  komanso nduna za chilungamo ndi Loya wa Malawi. + +Anathamangitsidwa mu Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) atatsutsa "Injunctions Bill", yomwe adati ndi lamulo loipa lomwe lingachotse ufulu wa anthu komanso osateteza anthu.  Phoya analinso wapampando wa Komiti Yowona Zachilamulo ya National Assembly (LAC); positi yomwe idapita ku Goodall Gondwe mu Ogasiti 2011. + +Adataya mpando wake mu Januware 2014. + +Zolemba +Orton Chirwa (30 Januware 1919 - 20 Okutobala 1992) anali loya komanso mtsogoleri wandale ku Nyasaland ndipo pambuyo pa ufulu adakhala Nduna Yowona Zachilungamo komanso Woyimira Malamulo ku Malawi.  Pambuyo pa kukangana ndi Purezidenti waku Malawi wodziyimira pawokha Hastings Kamuzu Banda , iye ndi mkazi wake Vera adathamangitsidwa. Atagwiridwanso kunja komweko adazengedwa milandu m'Malawi pamilandu yachiwembu ndipo adaweruza kuti aphedwe. Amnesty International idatcha awiriwa omwe ali m'ndende chifukwa cha chikumbumtima .  Atakhala pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi mdziko la Malawi, Orton Chirwa adamwalira mndende pa 20 October 1992. +Sir Alan Whiteside Munro KBE (23 Meyi 1898 - 8 Julayi 1968) anali membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Queensland . Anali Wachiwiri kwa Prime Minister waku Queensland kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1965. + +Zolemba + +Anthu amoyo +Malawi Police Service ndi chiwalo palokha wa wamkulu amene analamula malamulo kuteteza Zachitetezo ndi ufulu wa anthu ku Malawi .  Malawi Police Service imayang'aniridwa ndi Inspector General of Police . + +Inspector General + +The Inspector General ndiye mutu wa Malawi Police Service. Udindowo amasankhidwa ndi Purezidenti waku Malawi ndikuwatsimikizira ndi National Assembly.  Komiti Yasankhidwa Pagulu nthawi iliyonse ikafunse za luso la munthuyo.  Inspector General wa apolisi atha kukhala zaka zisanu pachaka chimenecho.  Inspector General wa Apolisi amatha kuchotsedwa ndi purezidenti chifukwa chokhala wokhazikika, wosakhazikika, wolephera, kapena wofika zaka zopuma pantchito.  Inspector General amayang'anira bungwe la Malawi Police Service (MPS) pansi pa Unduna wa Zachilengedwe ndi Kutetezedwa Pagulu. Inspector General amathandizidwa ndi Wachiwiri ndi oyimilira awiri omwe amayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka ntchito. + +Woyang'anira: + +Zambiri +Peter Mukhito ndi kale Inspector General wa apolisi ku Malawi .  Amachokera ku Chigawo cha Chiradzulu .  Malawi Adziwika bwino chifukwa chofunsa mafunso a Blessings Chinsinga omwe adayima kumbali ya ufulu wamaphunziro ku Malawi pakati pa Chinsinga ndi Purezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika. + +Zolemba +Loti Dzonzi ndi a inspector General apolisi aku Malawi muno m'Malawi .  Adabadwira ku Ntchisi District. Malawi. +Malawi inali yotsogola ku Malawi yamakono ya Malawi . Izo zinali pakati pa 1964 ndi 1966.  Pamene British ulamuliro inatha mu 1964, ndi Malawi wodzilamulira Act 1964,  ndi Nyasaland Protectorate , yemwe poyamba constituent wa chitaganya cha Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland , anakhala dziko lodziyimira pawokha . Mfumu yaku Britain inali mtsogoleri wa dziko ndipo Malawi idagawana mfumu, Mfumukazi Elizabeth II , ndi mayiko ena a Commonwealth . Udindo wa mfumuyi umaperekedwa kwa a Governor-General wa Malawi, Sir Glyn Jones (6 Julayi 1964 - 6 Julayi 1966). + +Elizabeth II sanakhale ku Malawi kapena kupita ku Malawi mu 1960s koma adapita mchaka cha 1979 (22-25 Julayi). + +Hastings Banda adasankha udindo ngati Prime Minister (komanso wamkulu wa boma ). Pambuyo pa kuthetsedwa kwa ulamuliro wamfumu, Republic of Malawi idakhalako pa 6 Julayi 1966 ndipo a Banda adakhala Purezidenti woyamba wa Malawi . + +Onaninso + + Mavuto aKhabhinethi a 1964 ku Malawi + +Zambiri +Nyasaland Nyasaland Protectorate ( / N Y ɑː m ɑː L AE N D , N aɪ AE m ə - / ) anali protectorate British ili mu Africa limene linakhazikitsidwa mu 1907 pamene zakale British Central Africa Protectorate anasintha dzina lake. Pakati pa 1953 ndi 1963, Nyasaland inali gawo la Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland . Federation itatha, Nyasaland idadzilamulira kuchoka ku Britain pa 6 Julayi 1964 ndipo idasinthidwa kuti Malawi . + +Zolemba +Defenceorate ya Britain Central Africa idalipo mdera lamasiku ano Malawi pakati pa 1891 ndi 1907 . + +The Shire mapiri kum'mwera kwa Nyanja nyasa ndi minda kumadzulo kwa nyanja anali chidwi kwa British kuchokera pamene kufufuza ndi David Livingstone mu 1850s , ndi malonda anayamba chikusuntha pa 1880s . Mu 1889 , Angelezi Achipwitikizi adayamba kulamulidwa ndi malowa, ndipo Britain adalengeza za Shire Highlands Protectorate , ndikuyiyika ku District Yoyang'anira Nyasaland mu 1891 , ndikulembanso ku Britain Central Africa Protectorate mu 1893 . + +Sir Henry Hamilton Johnston anali Commissioner kuchokera pa 1 pa 1891 mpaka pa 16 Epulo 1896 . Kuphatikiza pa kukhazikitsa oyang'anira ndi apolisi, adapatsa alimi malo olima minda , ndi makampani amigodi, ndikuthamangitsa anthu amtunduwu, omwe sanali ozindikira zamalamulo. Kofi idakhala mbewu yabwino kwambiri. + +Blantyre ndiye likulu lazachuma komanso zachikhalidwe la oteteza, pomwe Zomba ku Highlands ndi komwe amakhala ndi kazembe ndi oyang'anira. + +Sir Alfred Sharpe adatenga udindo wawo mu 1896, ndipo adatumikira mpaka pa 1 Epulo 1910 , a Francis Barrow Pearce ndi a William Henry Manning monga Commissioner kwa nthawi yayitali mu 1907 ndi 1908. + +Chitetezicho chidasinthidwa kukhala Nyasaland Protectorate pa 6 Julayi 1907 . + +Masitampu a positi ndi mbiri ya positi ya Britain Central Africa +Mapaundi awiri, 1896 +Masitampu oyamba azotetezedwa adatulutsidwa mu Epulo 1891, pomwe amapanga zikuluzikulu za Rhodesian zaku Britain South Africa Company ndi BCA . Maofesi angapo atsopano omwe adatsegulidwa mchaka , kuphatikizapo Blantyre, Zomba, Chiromo , Port Herald , Fort Mlange , Fort Johnston kum'mwera kwa nyanjayi, ndi Karonga kumapeto kwa nyanjayi. + +Masitampu apamwamba a BSAC anali ofunikira mu 1892, 1893, ndi 1895. 1895 adaonanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa masitampu osindikizidwa, komwe kunali chovala chamalo achitetezo ndikulemba BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA . Kutulutsa kwa 1895 kudasindikizidwa ndi De La Rue pamapepala osavomerezeka, koma kuyambira mu Febere 1896 pa pepalali panali Crown over CC kapena Crown pamwamba pa CA watermark . +Masenti asanu ndi limodzi, 1897 +Mu Ogasiti 1897 kukhazikitsidwa kwatsopano, kukugwirabe ntchito manja, koma ndi mawonekedwe omveka m'malo mwake. + +Mu 1898 kuposanso masitampu a ndalama imodzi. Poyamba kuperekedwa kwa masitampu oyipa okwana 3 kudayikidwanso, ndiye kuti pa 11 Marichi boma lidapereka masampu osungiramo ndalama omwe amakhala ndi INTERNAL / POSTAGE . +Penti imodzi ya 1903, idasinthidwa ku Chiromo ndi cholembedwa chozungulira-chazungulira +Mu 1901 , masitampu a 1d, 4d, ndi 6d a 1897 adasindikizidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mu 1903 masitampu atsopano adatulutsidwa, okhala ndi mbiri ya King Edward VII ndipo adalemba kuti BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA / PROTECTORATE , ndi zipembedzo kuyambira ndalama imodzi mpaka mapaundi khumi. + +Masitampu otsatila adaperekedwa ndi a Nyasaland Protectorate. + +Buku + + +Mndandanda wa Chief Jaices + + 1964- Sir Frederick Southworth + 1970-1985: James John Skinner + 1985 - 1992: Lachisanu Lewis Makuta SC (Woyamba wakuMalawi kukhala paudindo wa Chief Justice) + 1992–2002: Richard Banda (wachiwiri kwa Chief Justice of Swaziland , 2007) + 2003–2007: Leonard E. Unyolo + 2007-2013: Lovemore Munlo + 2013–2015: Anastasia Msosa + 2015– Andrew KC Nyirenda +Andrew KC Nyirenda (26 Disembala 1956) ndi Chief Justice of Malawi . Adasankhidwa mu Marichi 2015 ku Sanjika Palace ndi Purezidenti Peter Mutharika + +Anthu amoyo +Anastasia Msosa (wobadwa 1950) anali Chief Justice of Malawi .Malawi + +Anayamba ntchito yake ngati Woyimira Boma mu 1975 ndipo pambuyo pake adagwira ntchito ku department ya Legal Aid ngati Advocates Legal Aid. Mu 1990, adakhala Registrar General. Mu 1992, adasankhidwa kukhala woweruza woyamba wa ku Malawi wa High Court ndipo pamapeto pake mu 1997 adapita ku Khothi Lalikulu la Apilo. Adasankhidwa kukhala Chief Justice mu 2013, ndikukhala Chief Justice wamkulu mdziko muno , atalowa m'malo mwa Chief Justice Lovemore Munlo atachotsedwa ntchito.  Anapuma pantchito mu 2015 ali ndi zaka 65.  Adatumikiranso ngati Wapampando wa Malawi Electoral Commission pa chisankho choyamba cha Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi Purezidenti m'Malawi kuyambira 1993 mpaka 1998. Adasankhidwa kukhala Chairman wa Malawi Electoral Commission mchaka cha 2004 mpaka 2012. Amukwatiwa ndi accountant Anderson Msosa ndipo ali ndi ana 7. + +Anthu amoyo +James John Skinner (24 Julayi 1923 - 21 Okutobala 2008) anali wazandale komanso wazamalamulo waku Zambia komanso wakuzambia. Anali nduna yoyamba ya Zachilungamo kuZambia yoyima pawokha ndipo ndi membala woyamba wa nduna yoyamba ku Zambia.  Kutsatira nthawi yake monga wolamulira waku Zambia, a Skinner adasamukira ku Malawi yoyandikana naye , komwe anali Chief Justice kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1985. Chiwonetsero chake chomaliza chinali monga Social Security Commissioner ku England kuyambira 1986 mpaka 1996. +District Commissioner ndi positi wamkulu mu Malawi a appointee kuyang'anira zigawozo ( Prefectures ) kapena m'madera oyang'anira mu Malawi. + +Kumbuyo +Pali zigawo 32 m'Malawi . Udindo wake ndi wofanana ndi wa kazembe . Udindo wa DC ndiosankhidwa ndi Purezidenti wa Malawi. A DC akuwuzidwa kuti ndiwo gawo wolumikizirana zigawo, kuphatikizaponso kukhala oyankha msanga zadzidzidzi m'Malawi.  Ma District Assemblies amapezeka mu District Commissioners Office (DCO).  Udindo wa ma Komishala a Chigawo udayambira ku cholowa cha Malawi.  Kuyambira mu 1996 kupita mtsogolo, mamembala a Ma Komiti a Development District ndi a Commissioner a Chigawo ngati Chairman, Atsogoleri, Atsogoleri Awo, Oimira Zipani, Amembala A Nyumba Yamalamulo komanso ena ena oyimilira. + +Ulamuliro wa DCs +DCs idatuluka m'malo achikoloni. A Banda adawagwiritsa ntchito kuti athe kupeza madera akumidzi. DCs idasankhidwa ndi boma lalikulu ku Malawi ndipo ndi oyang'anira wamkulu m'boma omwe amayang'anira ndalama zamatauni. Woyang'anira District ndiye wamkulu wa chigawo. +Malawi igawidwa m'maboma  28  m'magawo atatu. Chigawo chilichonse chimatsogozedwa ndi Commissioner District : + +See also + + ISO 3166-2:MW +The ku Central Region wa Malawi , anthu 7,523,340 (2018), chimakwirira kudera la 35.592 km². Likulu lake ndi Lilongwe , yemwenso ndi likulu la dziko lonse. Dera lake lili ndi malo ogulitsa Nyanja ya Malawi komanso malire a Zambia ndi Mozambique . Anthu a Chewa ndi omwe amapanga anthu ambiri masiku ano +Region kumpoto cha Malawi , anthu 2.289.780 mu 2018, chimakwirira kudera la 26.931 km². Likulu lake ndi Mzuzu . Dera la Kumpoto lawolowera Zambia kumadzulo, Tanzania kumpoto, Nyanja ya Malawi kum'mawa, ndipo Central Central ya Malawi kumwera. +Chigawo cha Kumwera kwa Malawi ndi dera la Malawi. Chimakwirira dera la 31,753 km². Likulu lake ndi Blantyre . Mu 2018, anthu ake anali 7,750,629. + +Wa 28 m'zigawo ku Malawi, 13 zili mu Region Kumwera. Awa ndi: Balaka , Blantyre , Chikhwawa , Chiradzulu , Machinga , Mangochi , Mulanje , Mwanza , Neno , Nsanje , Phalombe , Tiyolo , ndi Zomba . +Televisheni Malawi (TVM) , yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1999, ndi njira yodziwitsira anthu kudzera ku Malawi Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) ku Blantyre , Malawi . Sitimayo imafikitsa chizindikirocho mdziko lonse kudzera pa satellite. [1] [2] Pa Julayi 1, 2011, TVM ndi MBC adalumikiza. [2] Pa February 19, 2013, Television Malawi idayamba kuwulutsa pa Dstv channel 295. +Air Malawi Limited inali ndege ya boma ku Malawi , yomwe ili ku Blantyre , yomwe inkayendetsa ntchito zonyamula anthu. Chifukwa cha zovuta zachuma, ndegeyo idayikidwa munyumba yodzifunira, boma la Malawi lidalengeza mu Novembala 2012, ndipo ndege zayimitsidwa kuyambira pa februwari 2013 + +Malaŵi +Malawi kuulutsa Corporation ndi wailesi kampani boma kuthamanga mu Malawi . Idakhazikitsidwa mu 1964. Ili ndi mawayilesi awiri , Radio 1 ndi Radio 2, ndipo imatumiza pa FM , Medium Wave ndi Shortwave frequency ndi Online. + +Imayang'ananso malo owonera TV, dziko lonse la Malawi . + +Likulu lake lili ku Blantyre, Malawi +Zisankho zazikulu zinachitika m'Malawi pa 21 Meyi 2019 posankha Purezidenti , National Assembly ndi makhansala aboma apakati.  Purezidenti wolocha Peter Mutharika wa Democratic Progressive Party adasankhidwanso, chipani chake chotsala chachikulu kwambiri mu National Assembly. Komabe pa 3 februari 2020, Khothi Loona Zamalamulo Oyendetsedwa ndi boma linathetsa zisankho za Purezidenti chifukwa cha umboni wa zosemphana, ndipo adalamula zisankho zatsopano .  Anatchuka kwambiri pamasankho a " Tipp-Ex " pambuyo poyimira mafuta zomwe otsutsa amati zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwononga mavoti. + +2010s +Malaŵi +Chisankho chachikulu chinachitika m'Malawi pa 20 Meyi 2014. Zinali zisankho zoyambirira zitatu za Malawi, nthawi yoyamba Purezidenti, National Assembly ndi makhansala am'deralo amasankhidwa tsiku lomwelo.  Chisankhochi chidaperekedwa ndi wotsutsa a Peter Mutharika wa Democratic Progressive Party , omwe adagonjetsa Purezidenti Joyce Banda . + +2010s +Malaŵi +Zisankho zidachitika m'Malawi pa 19 Meyi 2009. Purezidenti Wachiwiri wa Bingu wa Mutharika adasankhanso zisankho; omwe adamutsutsa anali a John Tembo , purezidenti wa Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Anthu ena asanu nawonso adathamanga.  Chisankho chidapambanidwa ndi a Mutharika, omwe adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti ndi pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mavoti.  Duth ya Mutharika idapambananso nyumba yamalamulo yambiri. + +2000s +Malaŵi +Zisankho zinachitika ku Malawi pa 20 Meyi 2004 kuti asankhe Purezidenti ndi National Assembly . Chisankhocho chidakonzedwa kuyambira pa 18 Meyi koma chidayimitsidwa kwa masiku awiri poyankha madandaulo akutsutsa a zosagwirizana ndi mayipowa.  Pofika pa 22 Meyi palibe zotsatira zomwe zidalengezedwa, zomwe zidayambitsa ziwonetsero kuchokera ku otsutsa ndikuwopseza chisokonezo. Pa 25 Meyi Meyi Commission Electoral Commission idalengeza zotsatira za chisankho. A Bingu wa Mutharika , yemwe ndi woyimira chigamulo cha United Democratic Front , adanenedwa kuti ndiye wopambana pa chisankho, pomwe a Malawi Congress Partyanali atapambana mipando yambiri mu National Assembly voteji. Voteroutout inali pafupi 62%. + +2000s +Malaŵi +Chisankho inachitika ku Malawi pa 15 June 1999 kuti Pulezidenti ndi Assembly National , popeza poyamba akhala inakonzedwa 25 May,  koma ndiye kulephereka kawiri chifukwa cha zopempha otsutsa zokulitsa nthawi kulembetsa oponya mavoti.  Mavoti onse awiri adapambanidwa ndi United Democratic Front yomwe idalamulira , yemwe adatenga mipando 932 yamitundu 192 mu National Assembly, ndipo womenyera ufulu wake, a Bakili Muluzi , adapambana pa chisankho cha Purezidenti ndi ambiri. + +Ponseponse, maphwando khumi ndi mmodziwo adachita zisankho, ndi anthu 670 omwe adasankhidwa.  Voteroutout inali 94%. + +1990s +Malaŵi +Zisankho zinachitika m'Malawi pa 17 Meyi 1994. Pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa kwa demokalase chaka chatha, anali zisankho zoyambirira za maphwando ambiri mdziko muno chichitikire ufulu wawo mu 1964 . Zisankho za Purezidenti ndi National Assembly zidapambanitsidwa ndi United Democratic Front (UDF), kuthetsa ulamuliro wazaka 30 wa Malawi Congress Party (MCP). A Purezidenti wakale wa Hastings Banda , paulamuliro kuyambira pomwe adalandira ufulu, adagonjetsedwa pa chisankho cha Purezidenti a UDF a Bakili Muluzi . + +Ali ndi zaka 96, a Banda akadakhala munthu wachikale kwambiri kusankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti, kapena kukwera paudindo wa Chief of State (ngakhale mwalamulo anali atagwira kale udindowo) ngati anali wopambana, ndipo anali m'modzi mwa achikulire omwe amathamanga chifukwa chaudindo m'mbiri. + +1990s +Malaŵi +Brown Chimphamba ndi wophunzira ku Malawi , wogwira ntchito zaboma komanso diplomat. Ndiye woimira wakale wa United Nations . Iye anali wapampando wa ntchito chimene chinayamba pa 1993 imene inatha ulamuliro wa Hastings Banda 'm Malawi Congress Party . Adalinso Deputy Chancellor of the University of Malawi . +Maximiano Mcwilliam Lunguzi anali a Inspector General Police ku Malawi . Anachotsedwa paudindo wake ndi Purezidenti Bakili Muluzi ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe popanda kufotokoza mwanjira yomwe anakangana ndi bwalo [ kufotokozera kofunikira ] ndipo adaweruza osagwirizana ndi malamulo.  Anamuimbira mlandu wokonza chiwembu chofuna kupha pamodzi ndi John Tembo , Cecilia Kadzamira koma sanamumasule +pasipoti Malawian ndi chikalata kwa nzika za Malawi ulendo padziko lonse. + +Pofika pa 1 Januware 2017, nzika zaku Malawi zidakhala ndi ma visa kapena visa posabwela kumayiko ndi madera 67, zikumakhala ndi mapasipoti 70 aku Malawi mokhudzana ndi ufulu wakuyenda (womangidwa ndi ma passports aku Belarus ndi Lesotho) malinga ndi index ya visa ya Henley . + +Onaninso + + Zofunikira za Visa za nzika zaku Malawi + Mndandanda wama passports + +Zambiri +Malawi Government boma yotchedwa Gazette ndi boma yotchedwa Gazette boma la Malawi . + +Boma yotchedwa Gazette lasindikizidwa kuyambira kusadalira Britain mu July 1964.  Zolembedwa mpaka 1988 zingapezeke zotolera za British Library . + +Zambiri +Lipoti la Chatsika lomwe linatulutsidwa mchaka cha 1995, lomwe mutu wake wonse anali "Report of the Commission of Inquiry into Conditions of Service of Civil Serviceants", linali lipoti la ofufuza wotsogozedwa ndi woweruza wamkulu pakulipira, momwe angagwirire ntchito, kulembedwa ntchito ndi kuphunzitsa a Civil Service ku Malawi . Ngakhale awiri adafunsa kale, momwe amagwirira ntchito anali omwe anali okhazikitsidwa pantchito zachitetezo zakoloni usanakhale ufulu. Ulamuliro wa demokalase utatha, a Banda , othandizira othandizira adaumiriza kuti ntchito zachitukuko zisinthe ndikusintha mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a msika waulere omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi International Monetary Fundpanthawi imeneyo. Mwakutero, lipotilo linalimbikitsa kuti ndalama zambiri ziperekedwe kuti akope olemba ena ntchito, koma izi sizinakwaniritsidwe. Kusintha kwa ntchito zaboma m'Malawi pano kwakhala kukufunsidwa kangapo kuyambira pa ufulu wake koma kaamba ka kulephera chifukwa mdzikolo mulibe oyang'anira okwanira ophunzitsidwa bwino omwe akufuna kulolera  . +Bungwe la Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation , lomwe nthawi zambiri limadziwika kuti ADMARC , lidapangidwa m'Malawi mu 1971 ngati kampani yaboma kapena parastatal kuti lilimbikitse chuma cha Malawi pakuwonjezera kuchuluka ndi kugulitsa kwakunja kwaulimi, kuti ipangitse misika yatsopano yakugulitsa ya zokolola za ku Malawi ndikuthandizira alimi aku Malawi. Ndi amene analowa m'malo mwa zikwangwani zingapo zosiyana za nthawi ya atsamunda ndi nthawi ya atsamunda, zomwe ntchito zawo zinali zochulukirapo polamulira ang'onoang'ono aku Africakapena kupanga ndalama za boma monga polimbikitsa chitukuko cha ulimi. Pamaziko ake, ADMARC idapatsidwa mphamvu zothandizira kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zachuma cha bungwe lililonse laboma kapena loyimira, laulimi kapena ayi. + +Pazaka khumi zoyambirira kugwira ntchito, ADMARC imawoneka ngati yamabizinesi ochulukirapo kuposa mabungwe ofanana amitundu ina ya mu Africa, koma kuchokera pakupangidwako idakhudzana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu kuchokera paulimi wocheperako mpaka kumagawo a fodya , omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala a mamembala akusankhidwa. Izi zidayambitsa ziphuphu, kugwiritsa ntchito udindo molakwika komanso kusakwanira mu ADMARC ndipo, chifukwa chakuchepa kwa mitengo yafodya padziko lonse lapansi, lidasinthiratu pofika 1985. Kuti tipeze ngongole za World Bank , ADMARC idayenera kukhala yabizinesi, koma yabwinobwinoNdondomeko zachuma zomwe World Bank idachita kuti izi zitheke, zomwe zidapangitsa kuchepa kwa chakudya m'Malawi mu 1992. Kutsatira kuperewera kwa 1992, opereka thandizo padziko lonse lapansi adafuna kuti abwerere pandale za magulu ambiri pofika 1994, ndi Purezidenti Banda , omwe adalamulira kuyambira 1964, adachotsedwa mwamtendere paudindowu. + +Pambuyo pa zosinthika izi, udindo wa ADMARC udachepetsedwa kukhala wa wogula komaliza ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chakudya mwa kusunga gawo la chimanga, kuti lipangidwe pogula kunyumba ndi kunja. Mu 1996, World Bank idalowereranso, ndikutsutsa kutumiza kwa chimanga kwa ADMARC ngati chithandizo chosagwirizana, ndikuchifuna kuti chilolere kuyendetsa mbewu kuchokera kunja. Mbiri ya ADMARC yolimbikitsa chitetezo cha chakudya komanso kusunga malo osungirako zinthu zogulira kunyumba pambuyo pa chaka cha 1996 inali yovuta kwambiri: kulowererapo kwake kudaletsa njala mu 1998, koma mavuto azachuma mu 2000 ndi 2001 adakakamiza kuti agulitse malo ambiri a chimanga chake chisanachitike zokolola zochepa mu 2002 , zomwe zimayambitsa kusowa kwa chakudya ndi njala. Kuzungulira kwachitatu komwe World Bank in 2002 idakakamiza ADMARC kuchepetsa kuchepa kwachuma pochepetsa ntchito zake komanso kulola mpikisano wazamagawo wamba. Msika uwukumasula kunali ndi zotsatira zosakanikirana: ADMARC idapulumuka mu mawonekedwe osintha, ndipo pofika 2009 idakulanso. Mu 2003, fomu yovomerezeka ya ADMARC idasiya kukhala ya bungwe lomwe lidatsata pambuyo pobwezeretsa lamulo lomwe lidapanga motere, kukhala kampani yochepetsetsa , ndipo idakalipo chifukwa sinathe kupanga malonda opanga mabizinesi wamba dongosolo, Komabe, ADMARC imadzudzulidwa ndi opereka kuti sangakwanitse, kuwononga ndalama komanso kusakwanira mokwanira kuyang'anira boma. +Guy Lindsay Scott (anabadwa 1 June 1944) ndi Zambian wandale amene anali kuchitanso mutsogoleli wa Zambia pakati October 2014 January 2015 ndipo ngati 12 wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la Zambia kuchokera 2011 mpaka 2014. Scott dzina lake kuchitanso Pulezidenti pa Michael Sata 'm imfa ofesi pa 28 October 2014.  Iye anali woyamba pulezidenti woyera wa Zambia ndi woyamba pulezidenti woyera ku Chile kum'mwera kwa Sahara kuyambira FW de a Klerk , South Africa otsiriza 'm atsankho -era pulezidenti, ofesi kumanzere mu 1994. +Rupiah Banda (19 febuluwale 1937 - 11 malichi 2022) ndi wandale ku Zambia yemwe anali Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2011. + +Zolemba +Frederick Jacob Titus Chiluba (Epulo 30, 1943 - Juni 18, 2011) anali m'busa waku Zambia , loya komanso wandale yemwe anali Purezidenti Wachiwiri wa Zambia kuyambira 1991 mpaka 2002. +Kenneth Kaunda (wobadwa pa Epulo 28, 1924),  amatchedwanso KK ,  ndi wandale wakale waku Zambia yemwe adakhala Purezidenti woyamba wa Zambia kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1991. + + +Mndandanda wa azimayi oyamba + +Onaninso + + Purezidenti wa Zambia + +Zambiri +Betty Kaunda , yemwe adabadwa Beatrice Kaweche Banda (17 Novembara 1928 - 18 Seputembara 2012), anali mkazi wa Purezidenti woyamba wa Zambia , Kenneth Kaunda , ndi Mkazi Woyamba wa Zambia kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1991.  Amadziwika komweko Mayi wa ku Zambia. Betty adabadwa pa 17 Novembara 1928 kwa Kaweche Banda ndi Milika Sakala Banda ku Mpika . Adakhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba ku Mbereshi Girls, adachita maphunziro a Women's Mindolo +[] +Vera Tembo (wobadwa pa Julayi 25, 1953) ndi wandale ku Zambia komanso membala wa Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). Adatumikira ngati Lady Yoyamba yaku Zambia kuyambira 1991 mpaka pomwe adasiyana ndi omwe kale anali Purezidenti Frederick Chiluba , mchaka cha 2001. + +Mu 2006 , adabwereranso ndale posankhidwa kukakhala ku National Assembly of Zambia kuchokera kudera la Kasenengwa . +Christine Kaseba ndi sing'anga wa ku Zambia , dokotala wa opareshoni komanso wandale yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Mkazi Woyamba wa Zambia kuyambira Seputembara 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2014. Ndi mayi wamasiye wa Purezidenti wakale wa Michael Sata , yemwe anamwalira muofesi pa Okutobala 28, 2014. Kaseba adachita bwino popanda cholinga kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia mu chisankho chapadera cha Januware 2015 kuti alowe m'malo mwa mwamuna wake.  Adasankhidwa kukhala kazembe waku Zambia ku France pa Epulo 16, 2018. +Charlotte Harland Scott (wobadwa pa 13 Novembara 1963 Blackheath , London) ndi waku Britain wazobadwa wazachuma komanso chitukuko chachuma yemwe adatumikira ngati Mkazi Woyamba waku Zambia kuyambira Okutobala 2014 mpaka Januware 2015 pa nthawi yaukazuzi wa mwamuna wake, Purezidenti Guy Scott . + + +Olamulira a Northern Rhodesia (1924-1964) + +Kuti mupitilize ufulu wawo, onani: Purezidenti wa Zambia + + +Onaninso +Mainza Chona (21 Januware 1930 - 11 Disembala 2001) anali wandale komanso kazitape waku Zambia yemwe adatumikira ngati Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1973 ndi Prime Minister m'malo awiri: kuyambira 25 Ogasiti 1973 mpaka 27 Meyi 1975 mpaka 20 Julayi 1977 mpaka 15 Juni 1978. +Elijah Haatuakali Kaiba Mudenda (6 Juni 1927  - 2 Novembara 2008  ) anali wandale ku Zambia. Adatumikira monga Prime Minister wachiwiri wa Zambia kuyambira pa 27 Meyi 1975 mpaka 20 Julayi 1977. +Daniel Muchiwa Lisulo (6 Disembala 1930 - 21 Ogasiti 2000) anali Prime Minister wachitatu wa Zambia kuyambira Juni 1978 mpaka February 1981. +Nalumino Mundia (27 Novembara 1927 - 9 Novembala 1988) anali wandale waku Zambia . Adachita ngati Prime Minister wa 4 mdzikoli kuyambira pa 18 February 1981 mpaka 24 Epulo 1985. Adapitilizabe kukhala kazembe wa Zambia ku United States , Brazil , Peru ndi Venezuela . Adabadwira ku Kalabo . Adagwa pa ntchito yaukadaulo kenako adamwalira ndi vuto la mtima, ku USA, pa 9 Novembala 1988, ndipo adapulumuka ndi mkazi wake ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi. +Kebby Sililo Kambu Musokotwane (5 Meyi 1946 - 11 February 1996) anali wandale wochokera ku Zambia . Anali membala wa United National Independence Party komanso m'modzi wapakati pa a Purezidenti Kenneth Kaunda . Iye anali Mtumiki wa Finance kuchokera 1981 mpaka 1982. Musokotwane anatumikira monga 5 Nduna ya Zambiakuyambira pa 24 Epulo 1985 mpaka 15 Disembala 1989. Kenako adakhala mlembi wamkulu wa UNIP. Kaunda atasiya kukhala Purezidenti wa chipani mu 1992, kutsatira chisankho cha chipani mu 1991, a Musokotwane anasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa chipani, mothandizidwa ndi Kaunda. Mu 1993 adayipidwa ndi chipongwe pomwe adavomereza kuti gulu lokhala ndi chipani lidachita chiwembu chofuna kusintha boma latsopano la Frederick Chiluba . Adamwalira pa 11 February 1996. + +Mbiri +Malimba Masheke (wobadwa pa 17 June 1941 m'boma la Senanga , Zambia)  ndi wandale ku Zambia . Adatumikira monga Nduna ya 6 komanso yomaliza ya Dziko lino kuyambira pa 15 Marichi 1989 mpaka pa 31 Ogasiti 1991.  M'mbuyomu adakhala Minister of Defense kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1988 ndi Minister of Home Affairs kuyambira 1988 mpaka 1989. + +Zolemba +Sir Evelyn Dennison Hone GCMG CVO OBE (13 Disembala 1911  - 18 Seputembara 1979)  anali Kazembe wotsiriza wa Northern Rhodesia , kuyambira 1959 mpaka pomwe adalandira ufulu wake ngati Zambia mu 1964. +Sir Arthur Edward Trevor Benson GCMG (21 Disembala 1907 - 1987) anali wolamulira ndi wolamulira waku Britain. +Sir Herbert James Stanley , GCMG (25 Julayi 1872 - 5 Juni 1955) anali wolamulira wamkulu waku atsamunda waku Britain, yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zosiyanasiyana monga Kazembe wa Northern Rhodesia , Ceylon ndi Southern Rhodesia . + +Zolemba + + +Wachiwiri kwa Atsogoleri a Zambia (1964- pompano) +Mfungulo + + Zipani zandale + +  United National Independence Party (UNIP) +  Ulendo wa Democracy-Party Democracy (MMD) +  Patriotic Front (PF) + +Zambiri +Governor-General wa Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland +Inonge Mutukwa Wina (wobadwa pa 2 Epulo 1941) ndi wandale ku Zambia yemwe akhala wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 2015. Ndiye mkazi woyamba kugwira udindowu, ndikumupanga kukhala mkazi wapamwamba kwambiri m'mbiri ya boma la Zambia. + +Zolemba +Reuben Chitandika Kamanga (26 Ogasiti 1929 - 20 Seputembara 1996) anali omenyera ufulu waku Zambia , wandale komanso wolamulira . Adaphunzitsidwa ku Munali Sekondale . +Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe (Epulo 12, 1922 - Januware 26, 1980) anali Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1970. +1922 kubadwa +Imfa mu 1980 +Godfrey Miyanda (obadwa 1944) ndi wandale kuZambia komanso wakale wankhondo. Mu 1993, adakhala Purezidenti wa Zambia motsogozedwa ndi a Frederick Chiluba . Miyanda amati ndi mkhristu wobadwanso mwatsopano . Amukwatira Angela Miyanda. Ali ndi ana anayi. +Christon Tembo (1944 - 6 Marichi 2009) anali wandale komanso mtsogoleri wankhondo ku Zambia.  Adali Nduna Yowona Zakunja kuyambira 1995 mpaka 1996 ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 1997 mpaka 2001. Adasankhira Purezidenti pachisankho cha Disembala 2001 ndipo adatenga malo achitatu, pafupifupi 13% ya mavoti. +Enoch P. Kavindele (wobadwa pa 7 Julayi 1950)  ndi wochita zamalonda ku Zambia komanso wandale yemwe adakhala Wachiwiri kwa President wa Zambia kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2003. +Nevers Mumba (wobadwa 1960) ku Chitambo ku Chitambo Mission, kumpoto kwa Zambia, ndi wandale komanso wachipembedzo waku Zambia . Adatumikira ngati Deputy President wa Zambia 2003-04 pansi pa Levy Mwanawasa . +Lupando Mwape ( c.  1950 - 21 Januari 2019) anali wandale ku Zambia . Adakhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2006 pansi pa Purezidenti Levy Mwanawasa , yemwe adati, ngati Mwape sanagonjetsedwe pachisankho cha 2006, sakanakhazikitsidwa ngati Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti. Mwape analowa m'malo ndi a Rupiah Banda , omwe adakhala pulezidenti pa imfa ya Mwanawasa mchaka cha 2008. + +Mwape adamwalira ku Johannesburg , South Africa mu Januware 2019 ali ndi zaka 68. +George Kunda (26 February 1956 - 16 April 2012) anali Zambian loya wandale amene anali wachiwiri kwa Pulezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira mu 2008 mpaka 2011. Iye anatumikira pansi Pulezidenti Rupiah Banda mpaka imfa chipani chawo kuti Michael Sata chipani 'm. + + +Bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953-1963) + +Onaninso + + Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland + Kazembe wa Southern Rhodesia + Kazembe waku Northern Rhodesia + Mndandanda wa abwanamkubwa wakoloni wa Nyasaland +Simon Ramsay, , KT , GCVO , GBE , MC , DL (17 Okutobala 1914 - 15 Julayi 1999), yemwe anali Wolemekezeka a Simon Ramsay pakati pa 1928 ndi 1950, anali mwiniwake wa dziko la Britain, nduna ya Scottish Partyist andale. . +Sir Humphrey Vicary Gibbs , GCVO KCMG OBE PC (22 Novembala 1902 - 5 Novembara 1990), anali Gavana wolamulira wa dziko la South Rhodesia (1959-1969) yemwe adagwiritsa ntchito, ndikutsutsa, Unilateral Declaration of Independent (UDI) mu 1965. +Sir William Lindsay Murphy , KCMG (1888-1965) anali Kazembe wa Britain ku Bahamas kuyambira pa 28 Julayi 1945 mpaka 1950.  Asanachitike kukhala bwanamkubwa, anali Secretary wa Colombia wa Bermuda kuyambira 1942-1945, asanatero anali Meya wa Colombo ndi Commissioner woyamba wa Municipal kuyambira 1937 mpaka 1941 ku Ceylon .  Wolemba ndakatulo waku Ireland, Murphy ndi mwana wake +Sir Robert Clarkson Tredgold , KCMG (2 Juni 1899 - 8 Epulo 1977) anali wogwira ntchito ku Russia , woweruza komanso wandale. +A John Jestyn Llewellin, 1st Baron Llewellin GBE MC TD PC (6 February 1893 - 24 Januware 1957) anali msitikali wankhondo waku Britain , Conservative Party wandale komanso mtumiki ku boma la nkhondo la Winston Churchill . + + +Oweruza a Southern Rhodesia (1923-1980) + +Kuti mupitilize ufulu, onani: Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe + +Onaninso + + Purezidenti wa Rhodesia + Nduna Yaikulu ku Rhodesia + Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe + Prime Minister wa Zimbabwe + Governor-General wa Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland + + +Atsogoleri a Zimbabwe (1980-- apano) + +A Phelekezela Mphoko anali Wachiwiri kwa (Purezidenti yekha) Purezidenti panthawi yomwe a Mugabe achoka pa 21 Novembara 2017. Mphoko atha kukhala Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kwa masiku atatu mpaka pomwe Mnangagwa atalandira utsogoleri. Komabe, monga Mphoko sanali mdzikolo panthawiyo, komanso chifukwa cha zachilendo, munthu aliyense yemwe ali paudindowu sakudziwika ndipo mwina sangadziwike. + +Chisankho chaposachedwa +Nkhani yayikulu: Chisankho chachikulu cha 2018 ku Zimbabwe + +Pokhala mtsogoleri wakale wa maboma +Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Robert Mugabe pa 6 Seputembala 2019 pakadali pano palibe a Purezidenti wakale wa Zimbabwe. + +Onaninso + + nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe + wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la Zimbabwe + Purezidenti wa Rhodesia + Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe Rhodesia + +Malingaliro +Copy and paste: – — ° ′ ″ ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · §   Cite your sources: + +{{}}   {{{}}}   |   []   [[]]   [[Category:]]   #REDIRECT [[]]               
   
       {{Reflist}}            {{DEFAULTSORT:}}          
+
+Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶   # ∞   ‘ ’ “ ” ‹› «»   ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥   ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦   ♭ ♯ ♮   © ® ™
+Latin: A a Á á À à  â Ä ä Ǎ ǎ Ă ă Ā ā à ã Å å Ą ą Æ æ Ǣ ǣ   B b   C c Ć ć Ċ ċ Ĉ ĉ Č č Ç ç   D d Ď ď Đ đ Ḍ ḍ Ð ð   E e É é È è Ė ė Ê ê Ë ë Ě ě Ĕ ĕ Ē ē Ẽ ẽ Ę ę Ẹ ẹ Ɛ ɛ Ǝ ǝ Ə ə   F f   G g Ġ ġ Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ģ ģ   H h Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ḥ ḥ   I i İ ı Í í Ì ì Î î Ï ï Ǐ ǐ Ĭ ĭ Ī ī Ĩ ĩ Į į Ị ị   J j Ĵ ĵ   K k Ķ ķ   L l Ĺ ĺ Ŀ ŀ Ľ ľ Ļ ļ Ł ł Ḷ ḷ Ḹ ḹ   M m Ṃ ṃ   N n Ń ń Ň ň Ñ ñ Ņ ņ Ṇ ṇ Ŋ ŋ   O o Ó ó Ò ò Ô ô Ö ö Ǒ ǒ Ŏ ŏ Ō ō Õ õ Ǫ ǫ Ọ ọ Ő ő Ø ø Œ œ   Ɔ ɔ   P p   Q q   R r Ŕ ŕ Ř ř Ŗ ŗ Ṛ ṛ Ṝ ṝ   S s Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Š š Ş ş Ș ș Ṣ ṣ ß   T t Ť ť Ţ ţ Ț ț Ṭ ṭ Þ þ   U u Ú ú Ù ù Û û Ü ü Ǔ ǔ Ŭ ŭ Ū ū Ũ ũ Ů ů Ų ų Ụ ụ Ű ű Ǘ ǘ Ǜ ǜ Ǚ ǚ Ǖ ǖ   V v   W w Ŵ ŵ   X x   Y y Ý ý Ŷ ŷ Ÿ ÿ Ỹ ỹ Ȳ ȳ   Z z Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž   ß Ð ð Þ þ Ŋ ŋ Ə ə 
+Greek: Ά ά Έ έ Ή ή Ί ί Ό ό Ύ ύ Ώ ώ   Α α Β β Γ γ Δ δ   Ε ε Ζ ζ Η η Θ θ   Ι ι Κ κ Λ λ Μ μ   Ν ν Ξ ξ Ο ο Π π   Ρ ρ Σ σ ς Τ τ �� υ   Φ φ Χ χ Ψ ψ Ω ω   {{Polytonic|}} 
+Cyrillic: А а Б б В в Г г   Ґ ґ Ѓ ѓ Д д Ђ ђ   Е е Ё ё Є є Ж ж   З з Ѕ ѕ И и І і   Ї ї Й й Ј ј К к   Ќ ќ Л л Љ љ М м   Н н Њ њ О о П п   Р р С с Т т Ћ ћ   У у Ў ў Ф ф Х х   Ц ц Ч ч Џ џ Ш ш   Щ щ Ъ ъ Ы ы Ь ь   Э э Ю ю Я я   ́ 
+IPA: t̪ d̪ ʈ ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ ʡ ʔ   ɸ β θ ð ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ ʜ ʢ ɦ   ɱ ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ   ʋ ɹ ɻ ɰ   ʙ ⱱ ʀ ɾ ɽ   ɫ ɬ ɮ ɺ ɭ ʎ ʟ   ɥ ʍ ɧ   ʼ   ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ   ʘ ǀ ǃ ǂ ǁ   ɨ ʉ ɯ   ɪ ʏ ʊ   ø ɘ ɵ ɤ   ə ɚ   ɛ œ ɜ ɝ ɞ ʌ ɔ   æ   ɐ ɶ ɑ ɒ   ʰ ʱ ʷ ʲ ˠ ˤ ⁿ ˡ   ˈ ˌ ː ˑ ̪   {{IPA|}}
+Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (wobadwa pa 7 Okutobala 1952) ndi wandale waku Russia komanso wakale wazamisala yemwe akutumikira ngati purezidenti wapano wa Russia kuyambira 2012, kale anali muofesi kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2008. Analinso prime minister kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2000 komanso kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2012. Kuyambira 2021, Putin ndiye wachiwiri kwa purezidenti waku Europe yemwe watenga nthawi yayitali, pambuyo pa Alexander Lukashenko waku Belarus.
+
+Putin adabadwira ku Leningrad (komwe pano ndi Saint Petersburg) ndipo adaphunzira zamalamulo ku Leningrad State University, akumaliza maphunziro ake mu 1975. Putin adagwira ntchito yaukazitape wakunja kwa KGB kwa zaka 16, ndikukwera paudindo wa lieutenant colonel, asanatule pansi udindo mu 1991 kuti ayambe ndale ntchito ku Saint Petersburg. Pambuyo pake adasamukira ku Moscow ku 1996 kuti alowe nawo utsogoleri wa Purezidenti Boris Yeltsin. Anatumikira mwachidule monga director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) komanso Secretary of the Security Council, asadasankhidwe kukhala prime minister mu Ogasiti 1999. Yeltsin atasiya ntchito, Putin adakhala prezidenti woweruza, ndipo pasanathe miyezi inayi adasankhidwa kotheratu mpaka nthawi yake yoyamba kukhala purezidenti ndipo adasankhidwanso mu 2004. Popeza panthawiyo malinga ndi malamulo ake adalandilidwa m'mawonekedwe awiri ngati Purezidenti, Putin adasankhanso kukhala prime minister kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2012, ndipo adasankhidwanso kukhala Purezidenti mu 2012, komanso mu 2018 Mu Epulo 2021, pambuyo pa chisankho cha referendum, adasainira kusintha kwamalamulo kuphatikiza imodzi yomwe ingamulole kuyimilira kuti asankhidwenso kawiri, zomwe zitha kupititsa utsogoleri wake ku 2036.
+
+Munthawi yoyamba kukhala purezidenti, chuma cha Russia chidakula zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zowongoka, pomwe GDP imayesedwa pogula mphamvu ikuwonjezeka ndi 72%, ndalama zenizeni zidakulitsidwa ndi 2.5, malipiro enieni opitilira katatu; ulova ndi umphawi wopitilira theka ndipo kukhutitsidwa ndi moyo waku Russia komwe kudakwanira kudakwera kwambiri. Kukula kumeneku kudachitika chifukwa chakukwera kasanu pamtengo wamafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zimapangitsa ambiri ochokera ku Russia kutumizira kunja, kuchira pakukhumudwa kwa chikomyunizimu pambuyo pamavuto azachuma, kukwera kwa ndalama zakunja, komanso malingaliro anzeru azachuma komanso ndalama. Kutumikira motsogozedwa ndi Dmitry Medvedev kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2012, amayang'anira kusintha kwakukulu kwa asitikali ndikusintha kwa apolisi. Mu 2012, Putin adafunanso gawo lachitatu ngati Purezidenti ndipo adapambana ndi pafupifupi 64% ya mavoti. Kutsika kwamitengo yamafuta kuphatikiza pamilandu yapadziko lonse yomwe idakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa 2014 pambuyo poti asitikali aku Russia alowererapo ku Ukraine ndikulandidwa kwa Crimea zidapangitsa kuti GDP ichepetse ndi 3.7% mu 2015, ngakhale chuma cha Russia chidachulukanso mu 2016 ndikukula kwa 0.3% GDP, komanso kutsika kwalamulo mwalamulo inatha. Chitukuko pansi pa Putin chikuphatikizanso pomanga mapaipi, kubwezeretsanso kwa satellite yoyendetsera ntchito ya GLONASS, ndikumanga zomangamanga zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi monga Olimpiki Achisanu a 2014 ku Sochi. Putin adalandira 76% ya mavoti pazisankho za 2018 ndipo adasankhidwanso pazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zomaliza mu 2024.
+
+Motsogozedwa ndi Putin, Russia idakumana ndi demokalase yobwerera m'mbuyo. Akatswiri samawona Russia ngati demokalase, ponena za kumangidwa kwa otsutsa andale, kuyeretsa, kupondereza komanso kuletsa atolankhani aulere, komanso kusowa kwa zisankho zaulere komanso zachilungamo. Russia idalemba bwino pa Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, Economist Intelligence Unit's Democracy Index, ndi Freedom House's Freedom in the World index. Mabungwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu komanso omenyera ufulu wawo amaneneza Putin kuti amazunza otsutsa andale komanso kuwalamula kuti azunzidwe kapena kuphedwa.
+
+Zolemba 
+ 
+1952 Kubadwa
+KGB (rus. - КГБ)  ndi apolisi achinsinsi a Soviet. Dzinalo ndi Komiti Yachitetezo cha Boma
+
+KGB
+'Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (rus. - Борис Николаевич Ельцин) ndi Purezidenti Woyamba wa Russia. Adabadwa pa 1 February 1931 ndipo adamwalira pa 23 Epulo, 2007. Adali Purezidenti kuyambira 1991 mpaka 1999.  Putin adatenga malo a Yeltsin ngati purezidenti.
+Kanani Sodindo Banana (5 March 1936 - 10 November 2003) anali Zimbabwe Methodist mtumiki , wazaumulungu , ndi wandale amene anali woyamba wadziko la Zimbabwe kuchokera 1980 mpaka 1987.
+Robert Mugabe Gabriel ( / mamita ʊ ɡ ɑː b ine / ;  Shona:  [muɡaɓe] 21 February 1924 - 6 September 2019) anali Zimbabwe chosintha ndi wandale amene anali nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe kuchokera 1980 mpaka 1987 kenako monga Pulezidenti kuchokera 1987 mpaka 2017.
+
+Zolemba
+Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa ( IPA:  [m̩.na.ˈᵑɡa.ɡwa] , US : ( mverani ); wobadwa 15 Seputembara 1942) Zimbabwe ndiwopusukira komanso wandale ku Zimbabwe yemwe wakhala Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kuyambira pa 24 Novembara 2017.
+Phelekezela Mphoko (anabadwa 11 June 1940) ndi Zimbabwe wandale, nthumwi, wabizinesi ndipo anali mtsogoleri wa asilikali yemwe anali Chachiwiri wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la Zimbabwe kuchokera 2014 mpaka 2017, komanso kazembe Zimbabwe ku Russia , Botswana ndi South Africa . Mwalamulo, a Mphoko anali Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kuyambira pa 21 mpaka 24 Novembara 2017, komabe, popeza sanali mdzikolo panthawiyo, akuluakulu aboma pankhaniyi sakudziwika.  Mphoko  Mph.  Mphoko monga wachiwiri wawo anathetsedwa ndi Purezidenti Emmerson Mnangagwa zotsatiridwa ndi nduna pa 27 Novembala 2017.
+Zisankho zikuluzikulu zidachitika ku Zimbabwe pa 30 Julayi 2018 kuti asankhe Purezidenti ndi mamembala onse a nyumba zamalamulo .  Patha miyezi isanu ndi itatu kuchokera pa chisankho cha 2017 ,
+
+
+Terms of office by country
+
+Numbers in years unless stated otherwise. Note that some countries where fixed-term elections are uncommon, the legislature is almost always dissolved earlier than its expiry date. "Until removed from office" refers to offices that don't have fixed terms; in these cases, the officeholder(s) may serve indefinitely until death, abdication, resignation, retirement, or forcible removal from office (such as impeachment).
+
+In most cases where the head of government is a different person from the head of state, its term of office is identical to the chamber that elected it (the legislature if it is unicameral, or most usually the lower house if it is bicameral), unless it doesn't survive a vote of no confidence.
+
+
+Purezidenti wa Rhodesia
+
+Parties
+
+Zolemba
+Clifford Walter Dupont , GCLM , ID (6 Disembala 1905 - 28 June 1978) anali wandale wa ku Rhodesian yemwe amagwira ntchito m'maudindo ena osadziwika a Ofesi Yoyendetsa Boma (kuyambira 1965 mpaka 1970) ndi Purezidenti (kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1976). Wobadwira ku London komanso wofunsira kukhoti, Dupont adagwira ntchito yanthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko lonse ngati wamkulu wa Royal Royal Artillery ku North Africa asadayendere koyamba ku Southern Rhodesia mu 1947. Adabweranso chaka chotsatira, adayamba famu ndipo adasinthiratu nthawi yonse kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, nthawi imeneyi dzikolo lidasandulika gawo la Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland.
+Henry Breedon Everard GCLM ICD DSO TD (21 February 1897 - 7 Ogasiti 1980) anali injinala wa magalimoto ndi wamkulu yemwe adakhala Purezidenti Wotsogolera wa Rhodesia panthawi ya UDI .
+
+Everard anabadwira ku Barnet ndipo adaphunzira ku Marlborough College ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Divine College, Cambridge mu 1922.  Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko lonse adatumikira ku France ndi Rifle Brigade , pomwe adavulazidwa pomenya nkhondo ndikufika paudindo wa Captain . Anagwira ntchito yokonza njanji kuyambira 1922, koma adayatsidwa kachiwiri pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse , ino mu Sherwood Foresters ; adatengedwa mndende ndi asitikali aku Germany, adalandira Dongosolo Lodziwika , ndipo adafika pa Lieutenant-Colonel. Atabwereranso nkhondo itatha adakhala wamkulu wa British Railways .
+
+Mu 1953 Everard adasamukira ku Bulawayo , Southern Rhodesia kuti akakhale General Manager wa Rhodeia Railways , komwe adakhala zaka zisanu asanapume pantchito. Adathandizira Rhodesian Front ndipo adayimirira Clifford Dupont (yemwe adapangidwa kuti " Officer Administering the Government ") mu 1968-69.  Kutsatila kulengeza komwe boma ladzudzula, a Everard anali akutsogolera Purezidenti katatu konse pakati pa 1975 ndi 1979
+John James Wrathall GCLM , ID (28 Ogasiti 1913 - 31 Ogasiti 1978) anali wandale ku Rhodesian . Anali Purezidenti wakale wa Rhodeia (omaliza pambuyo pake anali akuchita izi). Poyamba ankagwira ntchito yowerengetsa ndalama.
+
+Zolemba
+Jack William Pithey GOLM ICD CBE (anabadwa 30 December 1903, tsiku la imfa osadziwika) anali Rhodesian wandale amene anali ngati boma yosadziwika 'm kuchitanso Pulezidenti pakati pa 1 November 1978 5 March 1979.  Analinso Pulezidenti wa Senate wa Rhodesia kuyambira 1970 mpaka 1978  kale anali membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Avondale kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Salisbury (tsopano Harare) pakati pa 1964 ndi 1970.
+
+Zolemba
+Rhodesian Front anali ndiwofatsa ndale ku Rhodesia  (kapena Southern Rhodesia ) pamene dziko linali pansi woyera ochepa ulamuliro . Ndinakopeka woyamba ndi Winston Field , ndipo kuyambira 1964, ndi Ian Smith , ndi Rhodesian Front anali wolowa mmalo mwa Dominion Party , umene unali waukulu chitsutso chipani ku Southern Rhodesia pa Federation nthawi. RF idakhazikitsidwa mu Marichi 1962 ndi azungu mosemphana ndi kusintha kulikonse kapena kwakanthawi kochepa kukhala ulamuliro wa a Black . Zinapambana mphamvu pachisankho chachikulumu Disembala. Mu zisankho zotsatizana (m'mene mipando makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi limodzi (66) zisungidwira anthu oponya voti a A-Roll, omwe amayenera kukumana ndi ziyeneretso zapamwamba, ndikuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa azungu omwe amabwera pansi pa zilembedwezi) pakati pa 1964 ndi 1979, RF inali nabwerera ku ofesi, ndi ambiri; ndi Ian Smith ngati Prime Minister.
+
+Zolemba
+
+
+Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979) 
+
+ Magulu
+
+ United Nations National Council
+
+Onaninso
+Jeremiah Zion Gumede , GCLM (19 Seputembara 1919 - 28 Marichi 1989) anali pulezidenti yekha wodziyimira pawokha , ndipo sanazindikiridwe , dziko la Zimbabwe Rhodesia mu 1979, Rhodeia isanabwerere mwachidule ku ulamuliro wa Britain mpaka dziko la Zimbabwe litadzilamulira lokha ngati 1980 mu 1980 Adamwalira mu 1989.
+
+
+Deputy-President [ edit source ] 
+Mfungulo
+
+ Zipani zandale
+
+  Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)
+  Odziyimira pawokha
+
+ Zizindikiro
+
+ † Adamwalira muofesi
+
+Wachiwiri kwa ma Purezidenti [ edit source ]
+
+Wachiwiri kwa Atsogoleri ( kusintha konena ]
+
+Wokhala wakale a Deputy-President
+
+Wachiwiri kwa ma Purezidenti [ edit source 
+Pali awiri oyamba a Deputy President Woyamba wa Zimbabwe (kuyambira 4 Julayi 2020):
+Joshua Mqabuko Nyongolo Nkomo (19 Juni 1917 - 1 Julayi 1999) anali wokonda kusintha ndale komanso azandale ku Zimbabwe omwe adagwira ntchito ngati Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 1990 mpaka kumwalira kwake mu 1999. Adakhazikitsa ndikutsogolera bungwe la Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) kuyambira 1961 mpaka
+Joseph Wilfred Msika (6 Disembala 1923 - 4 Ogasiti 2009) anali wandale ku Zimbabwe yemwe adakhala Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 1999 mpaka 2009.
+John Landa Nkomo (22 Ogasiti 1934 - 17 Januware 2013) anali wandale ku Zimbabwe yemwe adakhala Deputy President wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2013. Atakhala zaka zambiri m'boma ku Zimbabwe, anali Spika wanyumba yamalamulo kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2008. Kenako adasankhidwa kukhala
+Kembo Dugish Campbell Mohadi (wobadwa pa 15 Novembala 1949)  ndi m'modzi mwa Atsogoleri awiri a Zimbabwe kuyambira pa 28 Disembala 2017.  Anatithandizanso mwachidule ngati Minister of Defense, Security and War Veterans mu 2017. M'mbuyomu anali Minister of State for National Security mu Ofesi ya Purezidenti kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2017 ndi Minister of Home Affairs kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2015.
+Simon Vengai Muzenda (28 Okutobala 1922 - 20 Seputembara 2003) anali wandale ku Zimbabwe yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Deputy Prime Minister kuyambira 1980 mpaka 1987 komanso monga Deputy President wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2003 motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Robert Mugabe
+Joice Runaida Mujuru ( née Mugari ; wobadwa 15 Epulo 1955), yemwe amadziwikanso ndi a nom-de-guerre Teurai Ropa , ndiwosintha komanso ndale ku Zimbabwe yemwe adatumikira monga Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2014.
+Constantino Chiwenga , pa 25 Ogasiti 1956) ndi wandale ku Zimbabwe komanso kazembe wakale amene akutumikirabe, kuyambira chaka cha 2017, ngati Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Emmerson Mnangagwa . Kuphatikiza pa chaka cha 2017, adakhala Wachiwiri kwa Wachiwiri kwa Mtsogoleri Wachiwiri wa United Nations-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) akugwira ntchito limodzi ndi Kembo Mohadi . Mu 2017, iye, mwa ena, anakwanitsa bwinobwino kuwononga Zimbabwe ndi mutsogoleli wa zaka 37 Robert Mugabe pa yopanda magazi kulanda boma .
+
+
+Prime Minister of Zimbabwe (1980-1987; 2009–2013) 
+Mfungulo
+
+ Zipani zandale
+
+  Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)
+  Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai (MDC-T)
+
+Kuchita ndi nthawi mu office
+
+Okhala wakale prime 
+Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Robert Mugabe pa 6 Seputembala 2019 pakadali pano kulibe atsogoleri akale aku Zimbabwe.
+
+Onaninso 
+
+ Purezidenti wa Zimbabwe
+ Nduna Yaikulu ku Rhodesia
+ Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia
+Zimbabwe African National Union ( ZANU ) linali bungwe lankhondo lomwe linkamenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi azungu ochepa ku Rhodesia , lomwe linapangidwa ngati gawano kuchokera ku Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). ZANU idagawikana mu 1975 kukhala mapiko mokhulupirika kwa Robert Mugabe ndi Ndabaningi Sithole , omwe pambuyo pake adatchedwa ZANU-PF ndi ZANU - Ndonga . Magawo awiriwa adasiyidwa mosiyana pachisankho chachikulu cha 1980 , pomwe ZANU-PF idakulamulira kuyambira kale, ndipo ZANU - Ndonga chipani chotsutsa chaching'ono.
+Morgan Richard Tsvangirai ( / tʃ AE N ɡ ɪr aɪ / ; Shona :  [ts͎aŋ.ɡi.ra.i] ; [ kufunika kamvekedwe ] 10 March 1952 - 14 February 2018) anali Zimbabwe wandale amene anali nduna yaikulu ya Zimbabwe kuchokera 2009 mpaka 2013.  Adali Purezidenti wa Movement for Democratic Change , ndipo kenako a Movement for Democratic Change - Tsvangirai (MDC-T), komanso munthu wofunikira pakutsutsana ndi Purezidenti wakale Robert Mugabe .
+
+
+Mndandanda wa Nduna ndi Nduna za ku Rhodeia (1923-1979) 
+
+Udindo wa Prime Minister udakhala udindo wa Prime Minister mu 1933 .
+Charles Patrick John Coghlan , KCMG (24 June 1863 - 28 August 1927), yemwe anali wazamalamulo ndi wandale amene anali Premier (pambuyo Nduna) la Southern Rhodesia 1 October 1923 mpaka imfa yake.
+Howard Unwin Moffat CMG (13 Januware 1869 - 19 Januware 1951) adagwira ntchito ngati nduna yachiwiri ya Southern Rhodesia , kuyambira 1927 mpaka 1933. Wobadwira ku Kuruman mission station ku Bechuanaland (tsopano kumpoto kwa North Cape ku South Africa ), Moffat anali mwana wa mmishonale John Smith Moffat ndi mdzukulu wa mmishinari Robert Moffat , yemwe anali mnzake wa King Mzilikazi ndi apongozi a David Livingstone . A Howard Moffat anakaphunzira ku St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown mu 1885.
+George Mitchell (1 Epulo 1867 - 4 Julayi 1937) adakhala Prime Minister waku South Rhodesia kuyambira Julayi mpaka Seputembara 1933. Atabadwa ku Ayrshire kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Scotland , adasamukira ku South Africa mu 1889, ndipo adasamukira ku Matabeleland zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake kugwira ntchito ngati manejala wa bank of Africa ku Bulawayo . Mu 1901 adachoka ku banki ndikukhala General Manager wa Rhodesia Exploration and Development Company, yemwe adafuna kumanga malo.
+
+Atapuma pantchito mu 1918, adadzipereka pa ndale komwe anali wothandizira Chipani cha Rhodesia komanso boma lolamulira mkati mwa dera la South Rhodesia. Adasankhidwa kukhala Boma la Southern Rhodesia pa 1 Novembara 1930 kukhala Minister of Mines and Public Works. Kuyambira pa 19 Meyi 1932, adagwira ntchito ngati Minister of Mines and Agriculture. Pamene Howard Moffat adasiya ntchito mu 1933, Mitchell adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Premier; adasankha kusintha udindo kuti akhale Prime Minister. Boma lake linali laling'ono, kuyambira pa 5 Julayi 1933 mpaka pomwe adataya chisankho chachikulu mu Seputembara 1933 (atataya mpando wake womwe).
+Godfrey Martin Huggins, 1 Viscount Malvern CH KCMG PC (6 Julayi 1883 - 8 Meyi 1971), anali wandale komanso sing'anga ku Rhodesian . Adakhala Prime Minister wachinayi ku South Rhodesia kuyambira 1933 mpaka 1953 ndipo adakhalabe udindo ngati Prime Minister woyamba wa Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland mpaka Okutobala 1956, kukhala nduna yayitali kwambiri pa mbiri ya Britain Commonwealth .
+Sir Reginald Stephen Garfield Todd (13 Julayi 1908 - 13 Okutobala 2002) anali Prime Minister waufulu waku South Rhodesia kuyambira 1953 mpaka 1958 ndipo pambuyo pake adatsutsana ndi azungu ochepa olamulira ku Rhodesia .
+Edgar Cuthbert Fremantle Whitehead , KCMG , OBE , (8 February 1905 - 22 Seputembara 1971) anali wandale ku Rhodesian . Anali wachipani cholimba ku Southern Rhodesian Legislative Assembly , ngakhale kuti ntchito yake idasokonezedwa ndi maudindo ena komanso kudwala. Makamaka sanali ndi vuto la maso, amavala magalasi amtundu kwambiri, ndipo pambuyo pake anali wogontha pomwe anali mu ofesi. Monga mnzake wa Sir Roy Welensky , anali Prime Minister waku South Rhodesia kuyambira 1958 mpaka 1962. Boma lake linagonjetsedwa pachisankho chachikulu cha 1962 ndi Rhodesian Front .
+
+Zolemba
+Winston Joseph Field CMG , MBE (Juni 6, 1904 - Marichi 17, 1969) anali wandale wa ku Rhodesian yemwe adatumikira ngati Prime Minister wachisanu ndi chiwiri ku Southern Rhodesia . Field anali phungu wakale wa Dominion Party yemwe adayambitsa chipani cha Rhodesian Front ndi Ian Smith .
+Ian Douglas Smith GCLM ID (8 Epulo 1919 - 20 Novembara 2007) anali wandale, mlimi, komanso woyendetsa ndege wankhondo yemwe anali Prime Minister wa Rhodesia (kapena Southern Rhodesia ; lero Zimbabwe ) kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1979.
+
+Zolemba
+Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa (14 Epulo 1925  - 8 Epulo 2010  ), omwe amatchedwa Bishop Muzorewa ,  adatumikira ngati Prime Minister of Zimbabwe Rhodesia kuchokera ku Internal Settlement ku Mgwirizano wa Lancaster House mu 1979. A Bishopu wa Church Methodist komanso mtsogoleri wachipembedzo, adakhalapobe miyezi yochepa.
+Anthu omwe amatchedwa Muslim amakhulupirira 'Allah' ndi mneneri 'Muhammad'. Asilamu amawerenga 'Koran' ngati buku loyera. Asilamu amachita Islam
+Argentina, boma la Argentina, ndi dziko loyima palokha ku South America, kumpoto chakumwera komanso kumwera chakum'mawa kwa adati. Imakhazikitsa boma la republican, demokalase, loyimira komanso boma.
+
+Dziko la Argentina lakhazikitsidwa ngati boma la feduro, lophatikizidwa kuyambira 1994 ndi dziko komanso maboma 24 olamulira kapena maboma odziyendetsa okha, omwe ndi zigawo 23 ndi Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (ACBA), yomaliza kukhala Federal Capital ochokera mdziko. Mayiko onse omwe amadzilamulira ali ndi malamulo awoawo, mbendera ndi chitetezo. Zigawo 23 zimasunga maulamuliro onse osagawidwa ku National State, ali ndi maulamuliro atatu odziyimira pawokha ndipo akutsimikizira kuti maboma awo akhoza kudzilamulira okha.
+
+Ndi gawo la Mercosur, ndipo pomwe anayambitsa mu 1991—, Union of South American Nations (Unasur), Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CLACS) ndi Bungwe la American States (BAS).Mu 2018, Human Development Index (HDI) inali 0,830, ndikuyiyika pagulu la mayiko omwe ali ndi chitukuko chachikulu kwambiri cha anthu, pamalo 48. Atasinthidwa kuti asayanjane, Argentina imagwera malo anayi pagululi, malinga ndi mndandanda wake wosiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi komwe umapezeka pamalo a 77. Mu maphunziro, lamuloli likukhazikitsa kuti ndalama zothandizira anthu pantchito yophunzirira siziyenera kukhala zosakwana 6% ya GDP, ngakhale zinali choncho, ndalama zidayima pa 5.5% ya GDP mu 201716 ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ophunzira kwambiri azaka 15 kuposa 99%.
+
+Chuma cha Argentina ndi chachiwiri chotsogola komanso chofunikira ku South America. Malinga ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse, GDP yake yadzinayi ndi ya 27 padziko lonse lapansi Chifukwa chakufunika kwawo komanso kufunika kwachuma, ndi amodzi mwa mayiko atatu aku Latin America omwe ali m'gulu lotchedwa Gulu la 20 komanso ndi membala wa gulu la NIC kapena mayiko atsopano otukuka.
+
+Ndi dziko lokhalo la Latin America lomwe lili ndi malo osanthula kafukufuku wasayansi pakati pa khumi kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso dziko la Latin America lomwe lili ndi apamwamba kwambiri pa mphoto za Nobel mu sayansi (atatu). Mphamvu yake mwaukadaulo ndi sayansi yalola kuti ipange, kupanga ndi kutumiza ma satelayiti, kupanga zida zoyendera zida za nyukiliya ndikukhala wopanga mapulogalamu, ndege, pakati pazinthu zina. Amayesedwa ngati mphamvu yachigawo.
+
+Adapatsa mgwirizano owonjezera wa zida za nyukiliya ku mayiko aku Latin America, Maghreb, Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia ndi Oceania, potengera kuthekera kwakukhazikitsidwa ndi National Atomic Energy Commission (NAEC) ndi kampani yotchuka ya boma ya INVAP. Ndi dziko la Latin America lomwe lapambana mphoto zambiri za Nobel, makumi asanu konse, onse atatu omwe adalumikizidwa ndi sayansi.
+
+Ndi dera la 2,780,400 km², ndiye dziko lalikulu kwambiri lolankhula Chisipanishi padzikoli, lachiwiri kukula kwambiri ku Latin America ndi lachisanu ndi chitatu padziko lapansi, poganizira dera lokhalo lomwe lingakhale m'manja mwaulemu. Alumali ake, omwe anazindikira ndi UN mu 2016, akufika pa 6,581,500 km², ndikupanga kuti ikhale imodzi yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ku America mpaka ku South Pole ku Antarctica, kudutsa South Atlantic. Ngati mungawerenge Zilumba za Falkland, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands ndi zilumba zina zazing'ono (zoperekedwa ndi United Kingdom, koma ndi ulamuliro wotsutsana), kuphatikiza gawo la malo otchedwa Antarctic lotchedwa Argentine Antarctica kumwera kwa 60 ° S parallel, Panthawiyi dziko la Argentina lati likulamulira, dziko limakwera mpaka 3 761 274 km² Ndi limodzi mwa maiko makumi awiri okhala ndi Antarctica, pakati pawo ndi omwe ali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, okhala ndi besi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
+
+Dera lake limakumana ndi nyengo zambiri, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kutalikirana kwa malo okhala kupitirira 30 ° - kuphatikiza madera angapo am'mlengalenga, kusiyanasiyana komwe kumayambira 107 m pansi pa nyanja (Laguna del Carbón) mpaka pafupifupi 7000 masl ndi kukulira m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zikufika ku 4725 km. Dambo lambiri lonyowa limadutsa zipululu zazitali komanso mapiri ataliatali, pomwe kumpoto ndi kotentha kuli kumpoto.
+
+Dera lake laku America, lomwe limakhala mbali yayikulu ya kum'mwera kwa Cone, kumalire ndi Bolivia ndi Paraguay kumpoto, Brazil kumpoto chakum'mawa, Uruguay ndi Atlantic Ocean kummawa, Chile kumadzulo, ndipo nthawi zonse kumadera ake aku America, kumwera ndi Chile ndi madzi aku Atlantic a Drake Passage.
+
+Zolembedwa zoyambilira za anthu okhala mdziko lino la Argentina zikuchokera zaka zikwi khumi ndi zitatu BP, nthawi ya Paleoamerican. M'masiku otukuka, nthawi ya Columbian, idakhalidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya anthu, omwe ena mwa iwo akukhalabe m'dziko muno; Mwa iwo ma guaycurúes, ma guaraníes, mapu, tehuelches ndi ma diaguitas, omaliza anali gawo la Ufumu wa Inca. Kulamulidwa kwa Spain ku Spain komwe kudalipo tsopano kunayamba ndi maulendo owerengeka kuyambira mchaka cha 1512, kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu mu 1528 ndikugawa madera. Pambuyo pake, idayamba kulamulidwa ndi Viceroyalty of Peru. Mu 1776, Crown yaku Spain idakhazikitsa Voredoyalty ya Río de la Plata, yomwe ikadakhala gulu lazandale lisanafike dziko la Argentina lono. Pa Meyi 25, 1810 adalandira ufulu wodziimira payekha pomwe wachiwiri wotsiriza wa Spain yemwe adalamulira kuchokera ku Buenos Aires adachotsedwa, kukonza Boma Loyamba Junta. Pa Julayi 9, 1816, ufulu unalengezedwa ku San Miguel de Tucumán.
+
+Maulalo akunja 
+South America
+Motul ndi kampani yapadziko lonse lapansi ya ku France yomwe imapanga, kupanga ndi kugawa mafuta owonjezera pamainjini (njinga zamoto, magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena) komanso zamalonda.
+
+Mbiri 
+Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1853 ku New York, kampani ya Swan & Finch idayamba ntchito yawo m'mafuta apamwamba kwambiri. Pofika mu 1920, idatembenukira ku misika yapadziko lonse ndikutumiza mitundu ina ya katundu wawo monga Aerul, Textul, Motul.
+
+Mu 1932, Ernst Zaug adakambirana zoti zigawike ku France za zinthu za mtundu wa Motul ndi Swan & Finch kudzera ku kampani yake Supra Penn. [1] Mu 1953, Swan & Finch centenary idakondweretsedwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Motul Century kwadziko lonse, komwe kunakhala mafuta oyambira ambiri pamsika waku Europe. Komabe, Swan & Finch adaimitsa ntchito yake mu 1957. Supra Penn adagulitsanso machitidwe onse amtundu wokhala ndi mtundu wa Motul, womwe adasankhidwa kukhala wopanga wamkulu wa kampaniyo, kukhala Motul S.A ..
+
+Mu 1966, Century 2100 idawonekera pamsika. Inali mafuta oyamba opangidwa ndi mafuta opangira theka, [2] chinthu chomwe chimaletsa zopinga ndi katundu wama makina kakhumi kwambiri kuposa mafuta abwinowa. Mu 1971, Motul adayambiranso ndi Century 300V, mafuta oyambira agalimoto oyambira 100%. Motul analimbitsa kupezeka kwake konsekonse mu 1980s: ku Germany ndi Motul Deutschland mu 1980, Spain mu 1988, USA mu 1989, Italy mu 1994, Asia-Pacific mu 2002, Russia ndi Brazil mu 2005, ndi India mu 2006. Komanso, Motul adapanga ntchito yatsopano mu 2001: Motul Tech, yodziwika ndi mafuta opangira mafakitale.
+
+Masiku ano, a Motul alipo m'maiko opitilira 80 ndipo amapanga mwaluso kwambiri ndikugawa mafuta owonjezera pamtengo wapatali. Monga mpainiya pazinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa, Motul nthawi zonse amakonda kuyambitsa, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko. Kampaniyi ilinso mtsogoleri pamsika wolocha njinga zamoto ku France. M'munda wa motorsports, opanga ambiri amadalira Motul chifukwa chaukadaulo wake wamasewera othamanga pagalimoto / njinga. Motul yakonza ubale wapafupi ndi opanga monga Nissan, Yamaha, Subaru, Toyota, Honda ndi Suzuki etc.
+
+Mafuta ndi zinthu 
+Motul anali woyamba kupangira mafuta kuti agwiritse ntchito ukadaulo wamafuta a 100% popanga mafuta opangira magalimoto 100% popanga ndalama zatsopano zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zotsogola. mtundu komanso kupikisana kwapadera ndi kutentha kwambiri. "300V", malo otetezedwa a Motul, adakumana ndi chitukuko chachikulu chifukwa cha kupezeka kwake pa masewera othamanga kwambiri / mpikisano wa njinga. Kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha Motul zimagawika m'magulu awiri omwe amagwira ntchito mofanananira "Magalimoto" (magalimoto, magudumu awiri, bwato) ndi "Industrial" mafuta.
+
+Zowotcha zamagalimoto 
+
+ Mafuta amagetsi
+ Mafuta otumiza
+ Makina amiyala yamagetsi
+ Madzi akumwa
+ Zozizira
+
+Mafuta opaka njinga zamoto 
+
+ Injini-zinayi
+ Injini-ziwiri
+ Scooter mafuta
+ Mafuta a foloko
+ Mafuta owopsa
+ Madzi akumwa
+ Zozizira
+ Zopangira
+
+Zinthu zina 
+
+ Dizilo yamafuta amoto
+ Mafuta a gear
+ Mafuta
+ Antifreezes
+ Mafuta amadzimadzi
+ Mafuta ambiri
+
+Mafuta opangira mafakitale 
+
+ Mafuta osungunuka
+ Mafuta abwino
+ Kupanga zinthu
+ Mafuta oyesa
+ Ma polima oyesa
+ Zinthu zapadera
+ Ogulitsa
+ Makina mafuta
+
+Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri: makina azitsulo, ukadaulo wamakina, makina ndi zida zopangira, malonda a simenti, malo ogulitsa zakudya, mankhwala azodzikongoletsera, nkhuni, galasi ndi mchere, umagwirira, pulasitiki ndi kukonza ma labala, kupanga mawotchi , opanga zamagalimoto ndi magalimoto opanga, zoyendera njanji, ndi aeronautics.
+
+Mpikisano Wamasewera
+
+Mgwirizano 
+Monga katswiri pamafuta opangira, Motul wakhala mnzake wa opanga ambiri komanso magulu amasewera chifukwa chotsogola kwake pamasewera olimbitsa thupi, magalimoto ndi mpikisano wa njinga zamoto. Motul amapezeka m'mipikisano yambiri yapadziko lonse monga othandizira ovomerezeka: MotoGP, Road racing, Kuyeserera, Enduro, Kupirira, Superbike, Supercross, Rallycross, World Rally Championship, FIA GT, Le Mans 24 Maola, Spa 24 Maola, Le Mans Series, masewera Kuwombera, Paris-Dakar, F3, etc. Mu 1977, Motul adapeza udindo wawo woyamba wa Pikipiki ya Pikipiki, m'gulu la Road Road, ndi Takazumi Katayama pa Yamaha 350.
+
+Miyezo ndi certification 
+
+ Gulu la EAQF B mu 1992, kalasi ya EAQF A kuyambira 1994, ISO 9001 kuyambira 1996
+ QS9000 yopangidwa ndi Ford, General Motors ndi Chrysler
+ ISO / TS 16949 yopangidwa ndi IATF (International Automotive Task Force)
+ NMMA (masewera amadzi) [3]
+
+Maulalo akwina
+Ifeoma Juliet Okafor (wobadwa pa Okutobala 1, 1988) odziwika ndi dzina lake Pinky Jay ndi woimbidwa ku Afropop waku Nigeria komanso wolemba nyimbo wokhala ku South Africa. Anamupeza ulemu kuchokera kwa "BADMAN" wake woyamba yemwe adatulutsidwa Mu 2016 imodzi yotchedwa Solid Star.
+
+Zolemba 
+Anthu amoyo
+Oimba
+1988 kubadwa
+Webusayiti yapaulendo ndi tsamba lomwe limaperekedwa kuti liyende. Tsambali limatha kungoyang'ana pamaulendo apaulendo, ndalama za maulendo, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Anthu opitilira 1.5 biliyoni amayenda chaka chilichonse, 70% ya omwe amachitidwa pa intaneti.
+
+Magulu 
+Zosankha zamitundu yapaulendo zikuphatikiza:
+
+ Travelogues / Blogs - Onani mabuku a Travel Blogs.
+ Onaninso mawebusayiti - Zitsanzo zina zamawebusayiti omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kowunika maulendo ndi kusungitsa mayendedwe ndi TripAdvisor, Priceline.com, Holiday Holiday, ndi Expedia.
+ Othandizira ntchito - Ndege za anthu, hotelo, bedi ndi zopumira, maulendo opita pamaulendo, makampani olipira magalimoto, ndi othandizira ena okhudzana ndi maulendo nthawi zambiri amasunga masamba awo omwe amapereka malonda ogulitsa. Zambiri zomwe zimaperekedwa ndizovuta zimaphatikizapo ukadaulo wa injini zakusaka kuti uziyang'ana kusungitsa nthawi yanthawi yake, kalasi yautumiki, malo amtundu, kapena mtengo.
+ Mabungwe oyenda pa intaneti - Onani bungwe loyendera.
+ Ma injini ophatikizika ndi ma injini a metasearch - Injini za Metasearch zimafufuza pamakina osakira angapo. Ma injini a Metasearch nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito "kuwunika pazenera" kuti ndege zitheke. Kuboola pazithunzi ndi njira yodutsa pamawebusayiti omwe amapezeka pandege, kupeza zinthu kuchokera pamasamba amenewo pochotsa zofunikira zomwezo HTML zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito posakatula (m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito Semantic Web kapena database yosungidwa yopangidwa kuti iwerengeke). Ma injini a Metasearch nthawi zambiri amasanthula zomwe zikubwera kuti athetse zolemba zobwerezabwereza, koma sizingawonetse zosankha "zotsogola" zapamwamba pazosungidwa zotsogola (chifukwa si magawo onse omwe amathandizira pazomwezi).
+ Ma Blogs / News pa kuchotsera komwe kukuyendera - Ma webusayiti oyendetsera malo amatenga ndalama ndikufalitsa mitengo yazolipira powalangiza ogula komwe angawapeze pa intaneti (nthawi zina koma osalumikizana nawo mwachindunji). M'malo popereka zida zofufuzira zatsatanetsatane, mawebusayiti nthawi zambiri amayang'ana zopereka zotsatsa, monga malonda omaliza otsatsa omwe amapereka makampani omwe amafunafuna kuti athetse kufufuza konse komwe sanagwiritse ntchito; chifukwa chake, mawebusayitowa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito bwino kwa ogula omwe amatha kusintha komwe akupita ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri.
+ Maupangiri apaulendo ndi zokopa alendo - Mawebusayiti ambiri amakhala ngati buku lazotsogola, pofuna kupereka upangiri wa komwe akupitako, zokopa, malo ogona, ndi zina zotero, akuyenera kuyendera ndikupereka chidziwitso cha momwe mungawafikire. Mayiko ambiri, zigawo ndi mayiko ali ndi misonkhano yawo komanso alendo obwera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandizira tsamba la webusayiti yopititsa patsogolo zokopa alendo m'magawo awo. Mizinda yomwe imadalira zokopa alendo imagwiranso ntchito mawebusayiti omwe amalimbikitsa komwe akupita, monga VEGAS.com ya Las Vegas, Tikisales ndi chitsanzo cha chiwongolero chapaulendo ndi alendo.
+ Webusayiti yapaulendo wapaubwenzi - tsamba loyendera anzawo ndi mtundu wa tsamba loyendera lomwe lingayang'ane komwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo awaphatikizira ndi malo ena omwe akufuna kupita kutengera komwe anthu ena apita. [2]
+ Ntchito Zapanyumba - Pali masamba angapo oyendayenda omwe amakhazikika pakukonzekera nyumba. Izi zikuphatikiza: 9flats, Airbnb, BeWelcome, CouchSurfing, Friendship Force International, HomeExchange.com, Hospitality Club, Intervac International, OYO Rooms, Pasporta Servo, Servas International, ThirdHome, Tripping.com, Otentha Nthawi Yochepa, Workaway, ndi WWOOF
+
+mndandanda
+Demokilase kuchokera ku chi chingelezi.Democracy. Ndi ufulu ozilamulira nokha/tokha omwe timauchita potenga nawo gawo mu zochitika za dziko ngati ku votera/kutsankha atsogoleri akuntima kwathu oti ayendetse/kutsogolera dzikoli, ku kuyankhulapo zinthu zikalakwika m'boma ndi zina zambiri
+Dzina la kale la malawi la munthawi ya atsamunda pomwe bambo Dr H.Banda asanatenge ulamuliro wa dziko la malawi.
+Pa chingelezi"constitution"
+Mumakhala malamuro akulu akulu adziko omwe amapereka mphanvu ku nthambi zosiyanasiyana za boma kapena anthu wamba, mabungwe osiyana siyana ndi ena ambiri omwe ali mu dziko kutsata malamulo amundzikomo. Mwachitsanzo, mumakhala m'ndandanda wa m'ndondomeko zimene anthu ayenera kutsatira zomwe ndi ndi zofunika kudziko. Mumakhalanso maufulu a wanthu monga mdzika za dziko, uthenga okhudza mmene mthambi za boma ndi zomwe siziri za boma ziyenera ku gwilira ntchito, komanso uthenga okhudza mmene kusamvetsetsa kwa zo chitika za dziko kunga longosoleredwe.
+Rhodesia (pambuyo pa Cecil Rhodes ) ndi dzina lakale la dziko la Africa ku Zimbabwe . M'mbuyomu, dzina loti "Rhodesia" limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza dera lalikulu lomwe likufanana ndi Zimbabwe ( Southern Rhodesia ) ndi Zambia ( Northern Rhodesia ).
+
+Mu 1953 , poyang'anizana ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha m'maiko aku Africa, United Kingdom idayesa kupanga Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland , yomwe inali ndi mayiko aku Zimbabwe , Zambia , ndi Malawi omwe panthawiyo amatchedwa Southern Rhodesia , Northern Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland motsatira.
+
+Chitaganya cha Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland anali kusungunuka pa January 1 , 1964 pa ufulu wa Malawi ndi Zambia . Northern Rhodesia itapatsidwa ufulu ndi Britain mu 1964 , idasintha dzina kukhala Zambia. Southern Rhodesia idakhalabe koloni yaku Britain ndipo idayamba kudziwika kuti Rhodesia.
+
+Boma la Britain lidatengera mfundo yotchedwa NIBMAR (No Independence Before Majority African Rule), modabwitsa boma loyera laling'ono la Rhodesian Front (RF) , lotsogozedwa ndi Ian Smith . Pa Novembala 11 , 1965 , a Smith adalengeza kuti dziko lodziyimira palokha popanda ulamuliro waku Britain, mu zomwe zidadziwika kuti Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) ndi Boma la Rhodesia. Izi zidatsutsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo Rhodesia idalangidwa pamilandu yapadziko lonse kuyambira 1965 mpaka ufulu monga Zimbabwe mu 1980.
+
+Ntchito yayitali yotsutsana ndi ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) ndi ZAPU (Zimbabwe African People's Union) yolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Smith idatsata UDI. ZANU , panthawiyo, anali a Marxist-socialist African nationalist liberation movement, yomwe idatsogoleredwa ndi Robert Mugabe . ZAPU analinso gulu lomenyera ufulu wachifalansa la Marxist-Socialist, lotsogozedwa ndi Joshua Nkomo(ZAPU nthawi zambiri anthu aku Britain ndi azungu amawona kuti ndiwopepuka kuposa ZANU). Boma la Rhodesia lidalimbana ndikulephera kuyang'anira kampeni yazankhondo ya ZANU ndi ZAPU, yomwe idakhala nkhondo yankhondo yodzaza dziko lonselo. Izi zidayamba kudziwika kuti "Bush War" ndi omwe anali kumbali ya boma loyang'aniridwa ndi azungu komanso "Chimurenga" (nkhondo yomenyera ufulu) ndi omwe amathandizira gulu ladziko lachi Africa.
+
+Chifukwa chakukhazikika kwamgwirizano kapena mgwirizano pakati pa boma la Rhodesia ndi zipani zochepa zaku Africa, zomwe sizinatengeredwe chifukwa chake sizinachite nawo nkhondo, zisankho zidachitika mu Epulo 1979, pomwe UANC (United African National Council) Chipanichi chidapambana, ndipo mtsogoleri wawo, a Abel Tendekayi Muzorewa , bishopu wa United Methodist Church , adakhala nduna yayikulu mdzikolo. Pakadali pano dzina ladzikolo lidasinthidwa kukhala Zimbabwe Rhodesia. Pomwe zisankhozi zimafotokozedwa ndi boma la Rhodesia ngati zopanda tsankho komanso demokalase, sizinaphatikizepo zipani ziwiri zodziwika bwino zomwe zili mgulu lankhondo lachi Africa, ZANU ndi ZAPU. Boma la Bishop Muzorewa komanso dzina latsopanoli ku Zimbabwe Rhodesia sizinalandiridwe konsekonse. Anthu apadziko lonse lapansi adazindikira kuti kuthetsa nkhondo ku Rhodesia kuyenera kuphatikizanso ZANU ya Mugabe ndi ZAPU ya Nkomo kuti zitheke chifukwa ziwirizi zinali zofunikira kwambiri pankhondo. Kuzindikira kumeneku ndiye chifukwa chake Boma la Britain lidalimbikitsidwa ndi mayiko akunja kuti alowererepo.
+
+Zotsatira zakusiyidwa kwa zipani zazikulu zadziko la Afican, ZANU ndi ZAPU, "uchigawenga" malinga ndi boma la Rhodesia komanso "nkhondo yomenyera ufulu" malinga ndi ZANU ndi ZAPU, zidapitilira. Boma la Britain (lotsogozedwa ndi a Margaret Thatcher omwe asankhidwa posachedwa ) analowereranso pofuna kukakamiza kukhazikika pakati pa boma losankhidwa ndi omenyera ufulu wawo.
+
+Pansi pa mgwirizano wamtenderewu, Britain idayambiranso kulamulira kwakanthawi kochepa mu 1980 kenako idapatsa ufulu ku Zimbabwe Rhodesia mchaka chomwecho, pomwe zisankho zoyambirira zamitundu yonse zidachitika pomwe panali ziwopsezo zambiri komanso ziwawa zomwe zidachitika kutuluka mbali zonse ziwiri zankhondo. Mosadabwitsa, a Marxist Robert Mugabe ndi ZANU adapambana zisankhozi. Pa Epulo 18th, 1980, dzikolo lidayamba kudziyimira palokha ngati Republic of Zimbabwe , ndipo likulu lake, Salisbury adasinthidwa kukhala Harare , zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake.
+
+Robert Mugabe walamulira dzikoli mpaka lero, woyamba ngati Prime Minister, komanso kuyambira 1988 ngati Purezidenti. Posachedwa, a Mugabe adatsutsidwa kwambiri (ndipo mawu ngati "wolamulira mwankhanza" ndi "watsankho" akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kumufotokozera) chifukwa cha 1) momwe adayankhira poyankha funso lakafukufuku wokhudza malo aku Zimbabwe , 2) ziwawa ndi kuwopseza zomwe zadziwika pachisankho cha 2000, ndi 3) kusalolera komwe boma lake latsutsana ndi atolankhani.
+Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia anali British protectorate mu kum'mwera chapakati Africa aumbike mwa 1899. Filimuyi North-Western Rhodesia ndi Barotseland .
+
+Protectorate anali kutumikiridwa pansi hayala ndi British South Africa Company . Anali wamkulu kwambiri mwa omwe amatchedwa colloquially monga ma Rhodesia atatu oteteza , enawo awiri anali Southern Rhodesia ndi North-Eastern Rhodesia . Adalumikizidwa ndi North-Eastern Rhodesia , dera lina loyendetsedwa ndi Britain South Africa Company, kuti apange Northern Rhodesia mu 1911.
+Kampani ya Britain South Africa (BSAC) idakhazikitsidwa ndi Cecil Rhodes , polandila Royal Charter mu 1889 . Poyerekeza ndi kampani yaku Britain East India , akuyembekeza kuti izi zithandizira kuti atsamunda azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama kumwera kwa Africa , ngati gawo la Scramble for Africa .
+
+Adalemba asitikali awo, ndikuukira ndikugonjetsa Matabele ndi Shona kumpoto kwa mtsinje wa Limpopo . Inali nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yaku Briteni kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya Maxim pomenya nawo nkhondo (Ma Maxim asanu mpaka masauzande asanu a Ndbele). Kampaniyo idalemba (ndipo kwa zaka makumi atatu zotsatira idayang'anira) gawo lomwe adalitcha Zambezia, kenako Rhodesia .
+
+Mu 1914 lamuloli lidakonzedwanso, pokhapokha ngati nzika zaku Rhodesia zipatsidwa ufulu wandale. Mu 1923, Britain anasankha kuti adzikonzenso hayala ndi BSA Co, ndipo m'malo zofuna 'lodzilamulira' njuchi udindo kwa Southern Rhodesia (lero, Zimbabwe ) ndi protectorate udindo kwa Northern Rhodesia (lero, Zambia ).
+Belgium (België in Dutch, Belgique in French and Belgien in German) is a small country located in Western Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany, Luxembourg, France, and the North Sea. 
+
+European Union:
+Austria  |  Denmark  |  Finland  |  France  |  Germany  |  Greece  |  Ireland  |  Italy  |  Luxembourg  |  Netherlands  |  Portugal  |  Spain  |  Sweden  |  United Kingdom
+
+Countries of the world  |  Europe
+M'malo mwake, ndikuti ndikatetezedwa m'madzi ndi nyemba zochepa kapena zisanu ndi zinayi, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zawo ku Europe ndi mphamvu za 48, ndi Asia ndi $ 44, ndikuwona North America ndi Central America kukhala ndi mphamvu 23, ndikutinso ndi Australia ndi Pacific (Oshania) ndine $ 14, ndipo ndikadzamaliza ndi South America ndi $ 12. Chifukwa chake, pali madola 195 omwe amadziwika okha.
+
+Mayiko Apadziko Lonse
+
+(A) 
+
+ Afghanistan ( Kabul ) (AS) 
+ South Africa ( Pretoria, Cape Town, Bloemfontein ) (AF) 
+ Albania ( Tirana ) (EU) 
+ Algeria ( Algiers ) (AF) 
+ Andorra ( Andorra la Vella ) (EU) 
+ Angola ( Luanda ) (AF) 
+ Antigua ndi Barbuda ( St. John's ) (NA) 
+ Argentina ( Buenos Aires ) (SA) 
+ Armenia ( Yerevan ) (EU) 
+ Australia ( Canberra ) (AU) 
+ Austria ( Vienna ) (EU) 
+ Azerbaijan ( Baku ) (AS)
+
+(B) 
+
+ Bahamas ( Nassau ) (NA) 
+ Bahrain (Manama) (AS) 
+ Bangladesh ( Dhaka ) (AS) 
+ Barbados ( Bridgetown ) (PA) 
+ Belarus ( Minsk ) (EU) 
+ Belize ( Belmopan ) (NA) 
+ Benin ( Porto Novo ) (AF) 
+ Bhutan ( Thimphu ) (AS) 
+ Bolivia ( Sucre ) (SA) 
+ Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ( Sarajevo ) (EU) 
+ Botswana ( Gaborone ) (AF) 
+ Brazil ( Brasilia ) (SA) 
+ Brunei ( Bander Seri Begawan ) (AS) 
+ Bulgaria ( Sofia ) (EU) 
+ Burkina Faso ( Ouagadougou ) (AF) 
+ Burma / Myanmar ( Yangon ) (AS) 
+ Burundi ( Bujumbura ) (AF)
+
+(C) 
+
+ Cabo Verde ( Praia ) ( Portugal ) 
+ Cambodia ( Phnom Penh ) (AS) 
+ Chad ( N'Djamena ) (AF) 
+ Chile ( Santiago de Chile ) (SA) 
+ Kolombia ( Bogota ) (SA) 
+ Costa Rica ( San Jose ) (NA) 
+ Ivory Coast / Ivory Coast ( Yamoussoukro ) (AF) 
+ Cuba ( Havana ) (NA)
+
+(D) 
+
+ Denmark ( Copenhagen ) (EU) 
+ Djibouti (Djibouti) (AF) 
+ Dziko Dominica ( Roseau ) (NA) 
+ Dominican Republic ( Santo Domingo ) (NA)
+
+(E) 
+
+ Zowonjezera ( Dublin ) (EU) 
+ Ecuador ( Quito ) (SA) 
+ El Salvador ( San Salvador ) (NA) 
+ Ku Eritrea ( Asmara ) (AF) 
+ Estonia ( Tallinn ) (EU) 
+ Eswatini ( Mbabane ) (AF) 
+ Ku Ethiopia ( Addis Ababa ) (AF)
+
+(F) 
+
+ United Arab Emirates ( Abu Dhabi ) (AS) 
+ Fiji ( Suva ) ( Australia ndi Pacific ) 
+ Chililabombwe ( Libreville ) (AF) 
+ Gambia ( Banjul ) (AF) 
+ Georgia ( Tbilisi ) (EU) 
+ Ghana ( Accra ) (Af) 
+ Grenada ( St. George's ) (NA) 
+ Guatemala ( Mzinda wa Guatemala ) (NA) 
+ Guinea ( Conakry ) (AF) 
+ Guinea-Bisau ( Bisau ) (AF) 
+ Equatorial Guinea ( Malabo ) (AF) 
+ Distance Mpongwe-Guyana ( Georgetown ) (SA)
+
+(H) 
+
+ Mzinda wa Haiti ( Port-au-Prince ) (NA) 
+ Spain ( Madrid ) (EU) 
+ Honduras ( Tegucigalpa ) (PA) 
+ Hungary ( Budapest ) (EU)
+
+(Ine) 
+
+ Iceland ( Reykjavik ) (EU) 
+ Indonesia ( Jakarta ) (AS) 
+ Iraq ( Baghdad ) (AS) 
+ Israel ( Yerusalemu ) (AS) 
+ Italy ( Roma ) (EU)
+
+(J) 
+
+ Jamaica ( Kingston ) (PA) 
+ Central African Republic ( Bangui ) (AF) 
+ Japan ( Tokyo ) (AS)
+
+(K) 
+
+ Cameroon ( Yaounde ) (AF) 
+ Canada ( Ottawa ) (NA) 
+ Kazakstan ( Astana ) (AS) 
+ Kenya ( Nairobi ) (AF) 
+ Chililabombwe ( Bishkek ) (AS) 
+ Kiribati ( Teinainano ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Komoro ( Moroni ) (AF) 
+ Congo (Republic of) ( Brazzaville ) (AF) 
+ Congo (Democratic Republic of) ( Kinshasa ) (AF) 
+ Korea, North ( Pyonyang ) (AS) 
+ Korea, South ( Seoul ) (AS) 
+ Croatia ( Zagreb ) (EU) 
+ Cyprus ( Nicosia ) (AS) ndi / kapena (EU) 
+ Kuwait ( Mzinda wa Kuwait ) (AS)
+
+(L) 
+
+ Laos ( Vientiane ) (AS) 
+ Latvia ( Riga ) (EU) 
+ Lebanon ( Beirut ) (AS) 
+ Lesotho ( Maseru ) (PA) 
+ Liberia ( Monrovia ) (AF) 
+ Libya ( Tripoli ) (AF) 
+ Liechtenstein ( Vaduz ) (EU) 
+ Lithuania ( Vilnius ) (EU) 
+ Luxembourg ( Luxembourg ) (EU)
+
+(M) 
+
+ Madagascar ( Antananarivo ) (AF) 
+ Malawi ( Lilongwe ) (AF) 
+ Malaysia ( Kuala Lumpur ) (AS) 
+ Maldives ( Amuna ) (AS) 
+ Mali ( Bamako ) (AF) 
+ Malta ( Valletta ) (EU) 
+ United States ( Washington DC ) (NA) 
+ Zilumba za Marshall ( Majuro ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Northern Macedonia ( Skopje ) (EU) 
+ Mauritania ( Nouakchott ) (Af) 
+ Mexico ( Mzinda wa Mexico ) (NA) 
+ Micronesia ( Palikir ) (OR - Oceania ) 
+ Egypt ( Cairo ) (AF) 
+ Moldova ( Chisinau ) (EU) 
+ Monaco ( Monaco ) (EU) 
+ Mongolia ( Ulan Bator ) (AS) 
+ Mauritius ( Port Louis ) (PA) 
+ Morocco ( Rabat ) (AF) 
+ Montenegro ( Podgorica ) (EU) 
+ Mozambique ( Maputo ) (AF)
+
+(N) 
+
+ Namibia (Windhoek) (AF)
+ Nauru (Yaren)) (AU - Oceania)
+ Nepal (Kathmandu) (AS)
+ Nicaragua (Managua) (NA)
+ Niger (Niamey) (AF)
+ Nigeria (Abuja) (AF)
+ Norwei (Oslo) (EU)
+ New Zealand (Wellington) (AU)
+
+(O) 
+
+ Oman ( Muscat ) (AS)
+
+(P) 
+
+ Pakistan ( Islamabad ) (AS) 
+ Palau ( Melekeok ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Panama ( Panama City ) (NA) 
+ Papua Nyugini ( Port Moresby ) (AU) 
+ Paraguay ( Asuncion ) (SA) 
+ Peru ( Lima ) (SA) 
+ Poland ( Warsaw ) (EU) 
+
+ Qatar ( Chilankhulo ) (AS) 
+
+ Romania ( Bucharest ) (EU) 
+ U Rwanda ( Kigali ) (AF)
+
+(S) 
+
+ Western Sahara (AF) 
+ Saint Kitts ndi Nevis ( Basseterre ) (NA) 
+ Woyera Lucia ( Castries ) (NA) 
+ Saint Vincent ndi Grenadines ( Kingstown ) (NA) 
+ Samoa ( Apia ) (OR - Oceania ) 
+ San Marino ( San Marino ) (EU) 
+ Sao Tome ndi Principe ( Sao Tome ) (AF) 
+ Saudi Arabia ( Riyadh ) (AS) 
+ Senegal ( Dakar ) (AF) 
+ Serbia ( Belgrad ) (EU) 
+ Seychelles ( Victoria (Seychelles) ) (AF) 
+ Sierra Leone ( Freetown ) (AF) 
+ Singapore (Mzinda wa Singapore) (AS) 
+ Slovakia ( Bratislava ) (EU) 
+ Slovenia ( Ljubljana ) (EU) 
+ Solomon Islands ( Honiara ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Somali ( Mogadishu ) (AF) 
+ Colombo Sri Lanka ( Sri Jayawardenapura ) (AS) 
+ Dziko la Sudan ( Khartoum ) (AF) 
+ South Sudan ( Juba ) (AF) 
+ Suriname ( Chilola ) (SA) 
+ Syria ( Damasiko ) (AS)
+
+(T) 
+
+ Taiwan ( Taipei ) (AS) 
+ Tajikistan ( Dushanbe ) (AS) 
+ Tanzania ( Dodoma ) (AF) 
+ East Timor ( Zochita ) (AS) 
+ Togo ( Lome ) (AF) 
+ Tonga ( Nuku'alofa ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Trinidad na Tobago ( Port of Spain ) (NA) 
+ Tunisia ( Tunis ) (AF) 
+ Turkmenistan ( Ashgabat ) (AS) 
+ Tuvalu ( Funafuti ) (OR - Oceania )
+
+(U) 
+
+ Iran ( Tehran ) (AS) 
+ Belgium ( Brussels ) (EU) 
+ Czech ( Prague ) (EU) 
+ China ( Beijing ) (AS) 
+ France ( Paris ) (EU) 
+ Philippines ( Manila ) (AS) 
+ Finland ( Helsinki ) (EU) 
+ Uganda ( Kampala ) (AF) 
+ Greece ( Atene ) (EU) 
+ India ( New Delhi ) (AS) 
+ Netherlands ( Amsterdam, Den Haag ) (EU) 
+ United Kingdom ( London ) (EU) 
+ Germany ( Berlin ) (EU) 
+ Ukraine ( Kiev ) (EU) 
+ Portugal ( Lisbon ) (EU) 
+ Urugwai ( Montevideo ) (SA) 
+ Russia ( Moscow ) (EU, AS) 
+ Sweden ( Stockholm ) (EU) 
+ Switzerland ( Bern ) (EU) 
+ Thailand ( Bangkok ) (AS) 
+ Turkey ( Ankara ) (AS) & (EU) 
+ Uzbekistan ( Tashkent ) (AS)
+
+(V) 
+
+ Vanuatu ( Port Vila ) (AU - Oceania ) 
+ Vatican (EU) 
+ Venezuela ( Caracas ) (SA) 
+ Vietnam ( Hanoi ) (AS) 
+
+ Yemen ( Sana'a ) (AS) 
+ Yordani ( Amman ) (AS)
+
+(Z) 
+
+ Zambia ( Lusaka ) (AF) 
+ Zimbabwe ( Harare ) (AF)
+
+Onaninso 
+Mndandanda wa mayiko malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu
+Mukondo ndi woimba waku Zambia.
+Mliri wa COVID ‑ 19, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mliri wa coronavirus, ndi mliri wopitilira wa matenda a coronavirus 2019 (COVID ‑ 19) omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu cha kupuma kwa coronavirus 2 (SARS ‑ CoV ‑ 2). Matendawa adadziwika koyamba mu Disembala 2019 ku Wuhan, China. World Health Organisation yalengeza kuti kufalikira kwa Public Health Emergency of International Concern pa 30 Januware 2020 komanso mliri pa 11 Marichi 2020. Pofika pa 23 Seputembara 2020, milandu yopitilira 31.6 miliyoni idanenedwapo m'maiko ndi zigawo 188, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kuposa Anthu 972,000 amafa; anthu opitilira 21.7 miliyoni adachira. 
+
+Matendawa amafalikira pakati pa anthu nthawi zambiri akakhala pafupi. Imafalikira mosavuta komanso mosadukiza kudzera mlengalenga, makamaka kudzera m'malo mwadontho kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono monga ma aerosol, omwe amapangidwa pambuyo poti munthu wodwala apuma, kutsokomola, kuyetsemula, kuyankhula kapena kuimba . Itha kupatsidwanso kudzera pamalo owonongeka, ngakhale izi sizinawonetsedwe bwino. Ikhoza kufalikira kwa masiku awiri chisonyezo chisanayambike, komanso kuchokera kwa anthu omwe alibe. Anthu amakhala opatsirana kwa masiku 7-12 m'milandu yochepa, ndipo mpaka milungu iwiri pamavuto akulu.
+
+Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, kutsokomola, kutopa, kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma movutikira, komanso kununkhiza. Zovuta zimatha kuphatikizira chibayo komanso vuto la kupuma kwamphamvu. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi masiku asanu koma imatha kuyambira tsiku limodzi mpaka masiku 14. Pali ofuna katemera omwe akutukuka, ngakhale kuti palibe amene adamaliza mayeso azachipatala kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Palibe mankhwala enieni odziwika ndi ma virus, choncho chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira ndiye chizindikiro.
+
+Njira zodzitetezera ndikuphatikizira kusamba m'manja, kutseka pakamwa mukatsokomola, malo ochezera, kuvala chovala kumaso pagulu, kupewetsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kupumira mpweya komanso kusefa mpweya, komanso kuwunika komanso kudzipatula kwa anthu omwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ayankha pokhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kuyenda, kutsekereza, kuwongolera zoopsa pantchito, komanso kutseka malo kuti achepetse kufalikira kwa matendawa. Madera ambiri agwiranso ntchito kukulitsa mphamvu zoyeserera ndikutsata olumikizana ndi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
+
+Mliriwu wadzetsa chisokonezo pakati pa anthu ndi zachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza kutsika kwachuma kwakukulu padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira nthawi ya Kusokonezeka Kwakukulu. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera, mpaka anthu 100 miliyoni agwera muumphawi wadzaoneni ndipo njala yapadziko lonse lapansi ikukhudza anthu 130 miliyoni. Zatsogolera kuimitsidwa kapena kuimitsidwa kwa zochitika zamasewera, zachipembedzo, zandale, ndi zachikhalidwe,  kuchepa kwa kupezeka kwa zinthu kukukulirakulira chifukwa chogula mwamantha, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa zoipitsa ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Malo ophunzitsira adatsekedwa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu, ambiri akusintha kupita pa intaneti. Zambiri zabodza zokhudza kachilomboka zafalikira kudzera muma TV ndi media. Pakhala zochitika zambiri za kusankhana mitundu komanso kusankhana mitundu anthu aku China komanso anthu omwe akuwoneka kuti ndi achi China kapena ochokera kumadera omwe ali ndi matenda ambiri.
+Mliri wa covid-19
+Mliri
+Mbiri yazachuma ya 2020
+Veliko Tarnovo ndi boma lina la dziko la Bulgaria (1185-1393). 
+
+Chiwerengero cha anthu: 73.596.
+
+Bulgaria
+Ambiri mwa Algeria ndi gawo la zinyalala zazikulu za m'chipululu ku Sahara. Dera laling'ono lakumpoto, komwe kumakhala anthu ambiri, limayang'aniridwa ndi maunyolo awiri akummwera chakumadzulo chakumadzulo - Tell Atlas ndi Saharan Atlas. Zonsezi ndi mbali ya mapiri akuluakulu a Atlas, omwe amafalikira kumpoto kwa Africa. Tell Atlas ndi mapiri angapo ndi zigwa zomwe zimayenderana ndi Nyanja Yamchere. Saharan Atlas ili pafupifupi 323 km kulowera. Pakati pa magulu awiriwa pali dera lamapiri pomwe dothi lachonde kwambiri ku Algeria limapezeka.
+
+Madera ambiri akumwera kwa Algeria amakhala ndi miyala yaying'ono, koma pali madera ena akulu. Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kuli mapiri a Ahaggar, thanthwe lophulika lomwe phiri lake lalitali kwambiri, Phiri la Tahat, limafika pamwamba pa 3,000 m. Dera lopanda Sahara lili ndi anthu ochepa.
+
+M'chigawo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Algeria, nyengo yachisanu imakhala yopanda mvula ndipo nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha komanso youma. Dera lamapiri limalandira mvula yochepa, pafupifupi 31 cm pachaka. Sahara ndi yotentha komanso youma ndipo imalandira mvula yochepera 10 cm pachaka.
+Ambiri mwa Angola ali m'dera lokwera Chigwa la Bihé, lomwe lili ndi kutalika kwa 1,220 m. Chigwa chochepa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja chimadutsa chigwa chakumadzulo, ndipo kum'mawa chigwa chokwera chimakwera mpaka 2,134 m.
+
+Chigawo china cha Angola, dera laling'ono la Cabinda, pafupifupi 7,252 km² m'deralo, ndi khomo lomwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi Angola moyenera ndi Republic ya Kongo ya Demokalase. Cabinda wotsika wokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira.
+
+Zambiri za mkati mwa Angola zili ndi nkhalango zambiri. Madera ena akum'mawa ndi achithaphwi; a Chipululu cha Moçâmedes chili kumwera chakumadzulo. Mitsinje yambiri, Zambezi komanso mitsinje ya Mtsinje wa Congo pakati pawo, imatsika kuchokera kuphiri kupita kumalire.
+
+Nyengo yaku Angola ndiyosiyanasiyana. Cabinda ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kumpoto ndi kotentha, kotentha kwambiri komanso chinyezi. Kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakum'mawa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kouma. Madera akumunsi akutentha, ndipo zigawo zakumtunda zimazizira. Mvula yochuluka kwambiri — pafupifupi masentimita 180 pachaka — imakhala mu nkhalango ya Mayombe ku Cabinda, pomwe yaing'ono kwambiri — yosakwana masentimita asanu — imagwera kugombe.
+Mbali yaikulu ya Benin, yomwe kale inkatchedwa Dahomey, ili pamalo okwera osakwana 305 m mlingo wamadzi. Benin ili ndi gombe laling'ono, lamchenga. Kumbuyo kwa gombe ili kuli madambo ndi madambo. Dziko limayambira m'chigwa chadothi cholimidwa mwamphamvu. Kumpoto kuli madera odyetserako ziweto.
+
+Malo okwera otsika amadutsa dzikoli m'lifupi kwambiri. Mitsinje yakumwera kwa phirilo imalowera m'nyanja. Kumpoto kuli mitsinje ya Volta ndi Niger.
+
+Nyengo m'chigawo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi yotentha komanso yamvula. Mvula imagwa pakati pa 77 ndi 128 cm pachaka. Kumpoto kumakhala kowuma kuyambira Novembala mpaka Juni komanso kumagwa kuyambira Juni mpaka Novembala.
+Chipululu cha Kalahari chimakhala pakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Botswana. Dera louma limeneli, lokutidwa ndi mchenga, udzu, ndi chitsamba chaminga, mulibe mitsinje. Malo akum'maŵa kwa Botswana ali ndi madzi ambiri komanso ndi achonde. Mtsinje wa Okavango umadutsa kumpoto kwa Botswana ndipo umapanga malo am'madambo ndi madambo. Mitsinje ya Molopo ndi Limpopo imadutsa m'malire akumwera.
+
+Kumpoto kwa Botswana kuli nyengo yotentha. Kum'mwera kwenikweni, nyengo ndi yotentha komanso youma. Kumpoto kumalandira mvula pafupifupi 69 cm pachaka, koma kumwera kumalandira ochepera 23 cm.
+
+Zolemba
+Nyanja Yamchere ndiye nyanja yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kutalika kwa 3,865 km mpaka 1,600 km mulifupi. Imalekanitsa makontinenti aku Ulaya kumpoto, Eziya kummawa, ndi Afilika kumwera. Nyanja Yamchere imagwirizanitsidwa ndi Nyanja Atlantic ndi Khwalala ya Gibraltar komanso ndi Nyanja Yofiira ndi Ngalande ya Suez yopangidwa ndi anthu.
+
+Nyanja yopangidwa mosiyanasiyana idagawika m'mabesi awiri akuya ndi chilumba cha Italiya, chilumba cha Chisili, ndi chigwa cham'madzi cholowera ku Chisili ndi Tunisia. Pali zilumba mbeseni lililonse. Beseni yakum'mawa, yolumikizidwa ku Nyanja Yakuda ndi Bosporus ndi Dardanelles, ili ndi zigawo ziwiri zakumpoto, Nyanja za Adriatic ndi Aegean.
+
+Dera lozungulira Nyanja Yamchere lili ndi chilimwe yotentha, ndi ofunda, onyowa dzinja.
+Mbali yaikulu ya Benin, yomwe kale inkatchedwa Dahomey, ili pamalo okwera osakwana 305 m mlingo wamadzi. Benin ili ndi gombe laling'ono, lamchenga. Kumbuyo kwa gombe ili kuli madambo ndi madambo. Dziko limayambira m'chigwa chadothi cholimidwa mwamphamvu. Kumpoto kuli madera odyetserako ziweto.
+Malo okwera otsika amadutsa dzikoli m'lifupi kwambiri. Mitsinje yakumwera kwa phirilo imalowera m'nyanja. Kumpoto kuli mitsinje ya Volta ndi Niger.
+Niger
+Mbali yaikulu ya Niger .Niger city,
+Sophocles (497 B.C.E. - 406 B.C.E.) anali wolemba masewero aku Greece Yakale.
+
+Moyo 
+Moyo wa Sophocles umafanana ndi kukwera modabwitsa komanso kugwa kwatsoka kwa Atene m'zaka za zana lachisanu. Ali ndi zaka 16, anali m'modzi mwa anyamata omwe adasankhidwa ndi mzindawu kuti akaimbe odi. Mu 442 B.C.E, anali m'modzi wa osungitsa chuma chamgwirizano wachifumu, womwe udakonzedwa kuti ulimbane ndi Persia. Ndi Pericles, Sophocles anali m'modzi mwa akazembe pankhondo yolimbana ndi chilumba cha Samos, chomwe pambuyo pake chinayesa kuchoka mgulu la Atene. Mu 413 B.C.E, adasankhidwanso ku komiti yapadera yaboma pomweulendo waku Atene ku Sicily udalephera. Adamwalira ku 406 B.C.E, zaka ziwiri Atene asadapereke ku Sparta pankhondo ya Peloponnesia.
+
+Masewera otchuka 
+ Ajax
+ Antigone
+ Oedipus Rex
+ Electra
+ Oedipus ku Colonus
+Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1340 - 25 Okutobala 1400) ndi wolemba ndakatulo wachingerezi. Amadziwika kuti "bambo wa zolemba za Chingerezi". Ndiwotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha Nkhani zaku Canterbury.
+
+Moyo 
+Chaucer anabadwira ku London cha m'ma 1340. Iye anali mwana wa wamalonda wachuma. Ali mwana, adatumikira monga mnyamata wantchito kwa wotchuka wa Ulster, ndipo pambuyo pake ngati valet m'nyumba yachifumu. Mu 1360, atamugwira pamene anali kumenya nawo nkhondo zaku France, Edward III adapereka dipo lake, ndipo pambuyo pake Chaucer adakwatirana ndi a Philippa de Roet, mdzakazi wolemekezeka kwa mfumukazi komanso apongozi ake a John of Gaunt, woyang'anira Chaucer.
+
+Chaucer adakhala zaka zambiri akugwira ntchito yachifumu, monga woyang'anira miyambo kudoko la London, monga chilungamo chamtendere ku Kent, komanso ngati membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo. Maudindo ake adamutengera ku France ndi ku Italiya, komwe mwina adakumana ndi Boccaccio ndi Petrarch ndipo adapeza ndakatulo za Dante—zomwe zimawoneka pakulemba kwake.
+
+Nthawi 
+Chombo cha Chaucer chimagawika nthawi zitatu. Nthawi ya France (mpaka 1372) ili ndi ntchito ngati traslation ya Roman de la Rose ndi Bukhu la Duchess. Nthawi yaku Italiya (1372-1385) imaphatikizapo Troilus ndi Criseyde. Pomaliza, nthawi ya Chingerezi (1385-1400) imathera mu Nkhani zaku Canterbury.
+
+Imfa 
+Chaucer anamwalira mu 1400. Anasiya Nkhani zaku Canterbury osamalizidwa, atangomaliza nkhani 24 pa 100 zoyambirira zomwe zidakonzedwa koyambirira. Chaucer adakhala woyamba mwa akulu akulu aku England kuti aikidwe paKona yaNdakatulo ya Westminster Abbey.
+1340 kubadwa
+1400 imfa
+Armenia (Հայաստան - Hayastan) ndi dziko lamapiri ku Caucasus pakati pa Europe ndi Asia . Likulu lake ndi Yerevan . Anthu aku Armenia ndi ochepera 3,000,000, komabe, pali anthu enanso 8,000,000 omwe amakhala kunja kwa Armenia. Anthu aku Armenia amakhala kunja kwa Armenia pazifukwa zingapo. Armenia imadutsa Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran ndi Turkey.
+
+Armenia ili ndi zaka 3,500, popeza idalipo kale.
+Armenia ndi dziko loyamba kutsatira Chikhristu ngati chipembedzo chovomerezeka. Phiri la Ararati (lomwe kale linali Armenia (masiku ano ndi Turkey), komwe kunali Likasa la Nowa.
+
+Pakhala pali mikangano yaku Armenia yolimbana ndi Turkey ndi Azerbaijan, pazifukwa zingapo. Pakhala pali mikangano yokhudza malo (Artsakh - Արցախ), komanso chiwonongeko. Kuphedwa kumeneku kunachitika mu 1915, pomwe Ottoman adapha anthu 1,500,000 aku Armenia omwe amakhala ku Western Armenia. Eastern Armenia idalandira ufulu kuchokera ku Russia mu 1918, koma idalumikizidwa ndi Soviet Union mu 1920. Anthu ambiri aku Armenia adaphedwa pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse , kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1945. Mu 1988 chivomerezi chidagwedeza Republic ndikupha anthu ambiri pakati pa 25,000 mpaka 50,000. Mu 1991, Armenia idalandira ufulu kuchokera ku Soviet Union, ndipo tsopano, Armenia ndi dziko lotukuka, lolemera pachikhalidwe.
+
+Purezidenti wa Armenia ndi Alen Simonyan, ndipo Prime Minister ndi Nikol Pashinyan. Republic of Artsakh (Yotchedwa Armenia ndi Azerbaijan) ili ndi Purezidenti wawo waku Armenia, Arayik Harutyunyan.
+
+Mbendera ya Armenia ili ndi mitundu itatu: Red, Blue, ndi Orange. Kutanthauzira kwamitundu iyi ndi motere:
+Red - Mapiri aku Armenia, Kupulumuka Kwa Anthu, ndi Chikhristu.
+Blue - Zolinga za anthu zamtendere.
+Orange - Maluso ndi Ntchito. (Komanso Apurikoti)
+Czech, dzina lovomerezeka la Czech Republic, ndi dziko ku Central Europe. Inapeza ufulu pa Januware 1, 1993 ngati boma lolowa m'malo la Czechoslovakia, pomwe isanakhale ngati amodzi mwa mayiko awiri a feduro la Czechoslovak. Zimamanganso zaka zoposa chikwi za mbiri yaku Czech statehood ndi chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi malamulo ake, Czech Republic ndi nyumba yamalamulo, demokalase yolamulidwa ndi malamulo ndi maboma owolowa manja komanso andale kutengera mpikisano wamagulu azipani ndi mayendedwe. Mtsogoleri wa dziko ndiye Purezidenti wa Republic, bungwe lopambana komanso lokhalo lokhalo ndi Nyumba yamalamulo ya Czech Republic, boma la Czech Republic lili pachimake pamphamvu.
+
+Czech Republic ndi dziko lazachuma pamsika lomwe, malinga ndi zachuma, zandale komanso zandale monga GDP pamunthu, cholozera cha chitukuko cha anthu, cholozera cha ufulu wa atolankhani kapena cholozera cha intaneti kuchokera pakuwunika, ndi amayiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chuma, malinga ndi World Bank, ndi gulu la mayiko 31 olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri. Poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena, ili ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe amakhala kumunsi kwa umphawi. Zikuwonetsanso kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu olemera kwambiri komanso osauka kwambiri komanso kugawa chuma moyenera pakati pa anthu.
+
+Kuchuluka kwa ulova kwakhala kotsika kwanthawi yayitali komanso ochepera maiko otukuka. M'malo owerengera zachilengedwe, Czech Republic ndi yocheperako ngongole zachilengedwe poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena otukuka. Malinga ndi Global Peace Index, yomwe imalembedwa chaka chilichonse ndi Institute for Economics and Peace, dziko la Czech Republic lakhala limodzi mwa mayiko 15 otetezeka (pakati pa 5 ndi 15) padziko lapansi (mndandandawu umaganizira za kuwopsa kwa nkhondo komanso kuchuluka kwa ziwawa zapakhomo).
+
+Czech Republic ndi membala wa European Union, North Atlantic Alliance, United Nations, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Council of Europe, Organisation for Security and Co-operation ku Europe, European Customs Union ndi dera la Schengen. European Economic Area, membala wa Visegrad Group ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Czech Republic ndi dziko lopanda malo okhala ndi 78,866 km2. Imadutsa Germany kumadzulo (kutalika kwa malire 810 km), Poland kumpoto (762 km), Slovakia kum'mawa (252 km) ndi Austria kumwera (466 km). Moyang'anira, imagawidwa m'magawo asanu ndi atatu ndipo nthawi yomweyo madera odziyang'anira 14. Likulu ndi Prague, yemwenso ndi amodzi mwa zigawo. Mu 2020, pafupifupi anthu 10.7 miliyoni amakhala ku Czech Republic. Anthu ambiri akuti ndi ochokera ku Czech kapena ku Moravia.
+
+Mapangidwe azikhalidwe zaku Czech Republic 
+Czech Republic ikupitilizabe chikhalidwe cha Great Moravia, kuyambira m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chinayi, Czech Principality, Czech Kingdom, Silesian Principalities ndi Silesian Duchy, Moravian Margraviate, ndi Czechoslovakia.
+
+Gawo loyambirira lolembedwa m'chigawo cha Czech Republic masiku ano linali mgwirizano wamtundu wa Smi, mu theka lachiwiri la 9th Ufumu Wamkulu wa Moravia unakhazikitsidwa. Pamene idasowa mozungulira 907 ndikuwukiridwa ndi mafuko osamukira ku Hungary, chidwi cha chitukuko cha dziko chidasamukira ku Bohemia. Olamulira akumaloko a mzera wa Přemyslid adamanga dziko lakale la Přemyslid, lotchedwanso dziko la Czech (ulamuliro waku Czech, pambuyo pake Czech Kingdom), kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 10 ndi 11th kukhala gawo la Ufumu Woyera wa Roma. Kuyambira nthawi ya Charles IV. (1348) adagwiritsanso ntchito dzina loti dziko la Czech Crown m'malo omwe amalandiridwa ndi mfumu yaku Czech, lomwe limaphatikizaponso Moravia Margraviate ndi Duchy waku Upper ndi Lower Silesia.
+
+Kuchokera mu 1526, maiko aku Czech adaphatikizidwa pang'onopang'ono mu ufumu wa Habsburg, omwe olamulira awo adagwiritsa ntchito kupambana kwawo pa Nkhondo ya White Mountain m'malo a Czech (1620) kuti achepetse kwambiri ufulu wakale wa Czech Kingdom. Maiko a Crown Czech, omwe sanali oyanjana ndi malamulo pambuyo pa 1749, adakhalabe malo opatsa ulemu a Habsburgs mpaka kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yadziko Lonse mu 1918. Kuyambira 1804 ufumu wa Habsburg udali ndi dzina lovomerezeka la Austrian Empire ndipo kuyambira 1867 mphamvuyo idatchedwa Austria-Hungary.
+
+Pambuyo pa kutha kwa Austria-Hungary mu 1918, Czechoslovakia idakhala ngati dziko logwirizana lokhala ndi Republican. Mu 1939, dera lomwe masiku ano limatchedwa Czech Republic lidalandidwa ndi gulu lankhondo laku Germany ndipo chidole chotetezera Bohemia ndi Moravia chidakhazikitsidwa. Czechoslovakia idabwezeretsedwanso mu 1945, ndipo kuyambira 1960 idakhala ndi dzina lovomerezeka la Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Adagwirizanitsidwa mu 1969, ndipo monga gawo la njirayi, Czech Socialist Republic, dziko loyimira palokha, linali patsogolo pa Czech Republic malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Dzinalo lakhala likudziwika ndi dziko la Czech kuyambira pa Marichi 6, 1990, pomwe mawu oti "socialist" adachotsedwa padzina pambuyo pa kugwa kwa boma la chikominisi. Czechoslovakia idalandira dzina latsopano lovomerezeka mu 1990: Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. Pambuyo pake, kumapeto kwa 1992, komabe, idasowa ndikusinthidwa ndi mayiko awiri atsopano, Czech Republic ndi Slovakia. Pa 1 Januware 1993, Constitution of the Czech Republic idayamba kugwira ntchito, malinga ndi zomwe mawu oyambilira akupitilizabe dziko latsopanoli pachikhalidwe cha Czechoslovakia komanso mayiko akale a Czech Crown.
+
+Kukhalapo kwa Czech Republic ngati nkhani yamalamulo apadziko lonse lapansi kumavomerezedwa ndi mayiko onse padziko lapansi. Mpaka pa 8 Seputembara 2009, pomwe ubale wazokambirana udakhazikitsidwa, Liechtenstein sinavomerezedwe ngati boma lodziyimira pawokha. Liechtenstein adalola dziko la Czech kuvomereza palimodzi kukambirana pazachuma ngati chofunikira chakuzindikiritsa ndikukhazikitsa ubale wapadziko lonse (mikangano yokhudza malo yakhalapo pakati pa Liechtenstein ndi Czechoslovakia kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Czechoslovakia; Zoyeserera za Liechtenstein zoletsa Czech Republic kulowa m'mabungwe apadziko lonse sizinachitike.
+
+Dzina ndi boma zizindikiro 
+Dzinalo la boma malinga ndi malamulo ndi Czech Republic; dzina loti Czech silimapezeka m'malamulo (monganso Czechoslovakia sinawonekeremo - dzinalo siliyenera kukhala gawo lamalamulo), koma ndi gawo limodzi la nkhokwe zachikhalidwe za UN ngati dzina lamtundu umodzi. Mu Meyi 2016, boma lidavomerezanso kumasulira kwa dzina la Česko mchingerezi (Czechia) ndi zilankhulo zina zapadziko lonse lapansi (fr. Tchéquie, šp. Chequia, etc.)
+
+Ena mwa anthu amakana mawu oti Czech makamaka chifukwa chachilendo - chimodzimodzi dzina loti Czechoslovakia, mwachitsanzo, poyamba adakanidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa dzina loti Czech Republic kudalembedwa mu 1704 ngati chisonyezo chokhudza madera onse aku Czech, ndipo mu 1777 monga tanthauzo lofanana la Bohemia. Panthawi yachitsitsimutso chadziko lonse, mawonekedwe aku Czech ndi Czech ochokera ku "Bohemia" adagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Fomu yaku Czech idagwiritsidwanso ntchito molakwika panthawiyo. Kusiya ziyankhulo kunathandizanso kusiya "s" imodzi pamtengowu. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19, dzina loti Czech Republic laonekeranso monga dzina la mayiko onse aku Czech. Mwanjira imeneyi, katswiri wazilankhulo zaku Moravia František Trávníček adayamba kulimbikitsa izi mu 1938. The Dictionary of the Literary Language of the Czech Language mu 1960 adalifotokozera m'matanthawuzo onse komanso ngati lotha ntchito. M'ngululu ya 1993, Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre idasankha kukhala dzina limodzi ku Czech Republic yodziyimira payokha, pambuyo pamikangano yamphamvu, kuthandizidwa ndi Czech Geographical Society komanso kutsutsidwa ndi Purezidenti Havel ndi ena. ndipo ena amamva ngati chotupa.
+
+Zizindikiro zadziko la Czech Republic ndizizindikiro zazikulu komanso zazing'ono zadziko, mbendera yadziko (republic idalanda mbendera yoyambirira ya Czechoslovakia pambuyo pa kutha kwa federation, popeza Slovakia sinkafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mbendera iyi), muyezo wa purezidenti, chisindikizo cha boma, mitundu ya dziko ndi nyimbo yadziko Kde domov můj. Zizindikiro za boma zikulozera ku miyambo yamayiko (emblem), gulu la a Hussite (mwambi woyimira purezidenti), chitsitsimutso cha dziko (nyimbo) ndi Czechoslovakia (mbendera)
+Mulungu ndi modzi ndipo iye anayikamo ubatizo umodzi .moti munthu sungakhale  nkhristu usanabatizidwe
+Mtundu wa Game & Watch (Chijapani: ü ー chi & ウ オ ッ チ Gemü & Uotchi, wotchedwa Tricotronic ku West Germany ndi Austria, chidule cha G&W) ndimasewera angapo apakompyuta opangidwa, opangidwa, omasulidwa ndi kugulitsidwa ndi Nintendo kuyambira 1980 mpaka 1991. Chogulitsachi, chopangidwa ndi wopanga masewera a Gunpei Yokoi, adatengera dzina lake pakupanga masewera amodzi ndi wotchi pazenera la LCD. Zithunzi kuyambira 1981 zakonzedwanso ndi alamu. Chinali chinthu choyamba kuchita masewera a kanema wa Nintendo kukhala wopambana kwambiri.
+
+Maunitelowa amatengera 4-bit CPU yochokera kubanja la Sharp SM5xx, lomwe lili ndi ROM yaying'ono ndi RAM komanso dera loyendetsa zowonera la LCD, ngakhale kusanachitike kuyerekezera ku MAME kunali malingaliro olakwika akuti gawo lililonse limagwiritsa ntchito ASIC yake m'malo mwa microcontroller yolondola.
+
+Mndandanda wagulitsa mayunitsi okwana 43.4 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Chiyambi ndi kapangidwe 
+Wopanga masewera Gunpei Yokoi, pomwe amapita ku Shinkansen, adawona wabizinesi wosokonezeka akusewera ndi chowerengera cha LCD pakukhudza batani. Yokoi kenako adabwera ndi lingaliro la wotchi yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati kakang'ono kakang'ono ka nthawi yakupha. Yokoi, limodzi ndi mabataniwo, anaphatikiza D-Pad pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Donkey Kong mu 1982. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Ball, yomwe idakhala imodzi mwamasewera oyamba a Nintendo. Potsatira bwino, yofanana angapo kutonthoza atamasulidwa ndipo anayamba, ndipo analinso kudzoza chachikulu kwa Game Boy, kutonthoza kuti Yokoi kenako adalenga. mndandanda inatha mu 1991 ndi "Mario ndi Juggler" kutonthoza. Mayunitsi ntchito LR4x / SR4x "batani" mabatire, zimene Yokoi anasankha chifukwa iwo anali wamng'ono ndiponso ndilotsika mtengo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapangidwa, ina yokhala ndi zowonekera ziwiri komanso zopanga clamshell (Multi Screen series). Game Boy Advance SP, Nintendo DS ndi Nintendo 3DS pambuyo pake adzagwiritsanso ntchito kapangidwe kameneka.
+
+Maudindo omwe amapezeka mumafomu a Game & Watch amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Mickey Mouse mpaka Balloon Fight, kuphatikiza ziwonetsero za Nintendo monga Donkey Kong, The Legend of Zelda ndi Mario Bros.
+
+Mapangidwe amakono a "mtanda" D-pad adapangidwa mu 1982 ndi Yokoi pamasewera amanja a Donkey Kong. Kamangidwe anasonyeza kuti akhale otchuka pa maina audindo otsatirawa Game & Watch. Mapangidwe ake anali ovomerezeka ndipo pambuyo pake adapambana Mphotho ya Emmy ya Technology ndi Engineering.
+
+Masewera A ndi masewera B 
+Mayina ambiri ali ndi mabatani a "GAME A" ndi "GAME B". Game B zambiri Baibulo mofulumira ndi kovuta wa Game A, ngakhale pali kuchotserapo, monga:
+
+Ku Squish, Game B ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi Game A - wosewerayo ayenera kukhudza alendo kuti awachotse, m'malo mopewa kusuntha makoma.
+
+Mu Flagman, Game B ndi mode imene player ayenera akanikizire batani kumene mkati nthawi zina popanda kuloweza dongosolo.
+
+Mu Woweruza, nkhonya, Bulu Kong 3 ndi Bulu Kong umodzi, Game B ndi ziwiri player buku la Game A.
+
+Mu Climber, zibaluni Nkhondo, ndi Super Mario Bros., palibe batani Game B.
+
+Nthawi zambiri, Game A ndi Game B zidakulirakulira mwachangu komanso / kapena zovuta pomwe wosewerayo amapita patsogolo, pomwe Game B imayamba pamlingo womwe Game A imatha kufikira 200.
+
+Kutonthoza mndandanda: 
+
+ Siliva (1980)
+ Golide (1981)
+ Widescreen (1981-1982)
+ Zowonetsera Zambiri (1982-1989)
+ Latsopano Widescreen (1982-1991)
+ Table (1983)
+ Panorama (1983-1984)
+ Super Colour (1984)
+ Yaying'ono Vs. Dongosolo (1984)
+ Crystal Screen (1986)
+
+Masewera osiyanasiyana a 59 a Game & Watch adapangidwa kuti agulitsidwe ndipo imodzi imangopezeka ngati mphotho ya mpikisano, yokwanira 60. Masewerawa adapatsidwa kwa opambana pa Nintendo F-1 Grand Prix, mtundu wa Super Mario Bros. ndi chikwama chachikaso, chomwe chidaperekedwa m'bokosi la pulasitiki lotengera Disk-kun, lomwe Nintendo adatsatsa pa Famicom Disk System yake. Monga mayunitsi 10,000 cabe zinalembedwa ndipo sitidakhala zilipo zogulitsa ritelo, Baibulo chikasu imatengedwa osowa.
+
+Mario the Juggler, womasulidwa mu 1991, ndiye masewera omaliza omwe adapangidwa mu Game & Watch.
+Jimmie Kenneth Johnson (wobadwira ku El Cajon, California, Seputembara 17, 1975) ndi katswiri wodziwa masewera othamanga ku America.
+
+Johnson adasewera mu NASCAR Cup Series kuyambira 2002 mpaka 2020 nyengo ndi timu ya Hendrick Motorsports. Mndandandawu adapambana maudindo asanu ndi awiri: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013 ndi 2016 ndipo adafanana ndi mbiri ya Richard Petty ndi Dale Earnhardt.
+
+Kuyambira 2021 Johnson akusamukira ku IndyCar kuti alowe nawo timu ya Chip Ganassi Racing.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Maulalo akunja
+
+Webusayiti yovomerezeka
+Thomas Duane "Tom" Lister, Jr. (June 24, 1958 – December 10, 2020) ndi American woimba.
+
+United States
+Mikheil Saakashvili ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Georgia (2004-2007, 2008-2013).
+
+Zolemba
+
+Obadwa mu 1967
+Anthu amoyo
+Georgia
+Gorilla (mtundu wa Gorilla) ndi anyani odyetsa omwe amakhala m'nkhalango zapakati pa Africa. Ndiwo anyani akuluakulu kwambiri. DNA yake ili ndi mapaundi 3,041,976,159 omwe amakhala ndi ma protein 20,962 okhala ndi ma exon 237,216. DNA yake ndi 97-98% yofanana ndi munthu, pokhala yoyandikira kwambiri pambuyo pa mitundu iwiri ya chimpanzi.
+
+Dzina 
+Wasayansi waku American komanso wamishonale a Thomas Staughton Savage anali woyamba kufotokoza gorilla wakumadzulo, yemwe adamupatsa dzina loti Troglodytes gorilla, mu 1847 kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zidapezeka ku Liberia.  Dzinalo limachokera ku liwu lachi Greek γορίλλαι (gorillai), kutchula "fuko la akazi aubweya", komanso idasankhanso amuna okhala ndi mahatchi omwe, onyamula zounikira, kumenya zombo, kuzunza ndi kugwiririra azimayi omwe amalinyero amawapatsa, ofotokozedwa ndi Hannon the Navigator.
+
+Zokhudza thupi 
+
+anyani ambiri amayenda onse anayi. Mapiko awo akutali kwambiri kuposa awo akumbuyo ndipo amafanana ndi mikono, ngakhale amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati njira yothandizira akamayenda. Amuna ali pakati pa 1.65 ndi 1.75 m wamtali, ndipo amalemera pakati pa 140 mpaka 200 kg.
+
+maumboni
+Spain, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Kingdom of Spain, ndi dziko lopyola malire, membala wa European Union, wopangidwa mdziko lamakhalidwe aboma komanso demokalase ndipo boma lawo ndi lamalamulo apalamulo. Dera lake, lomwe lili ndi likulu ku Madrid, lakonzedwa m'magulu khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri odziyimira pawokha, nawonso amapangidwa ndi zigawo makumi asanu; ndi mizinda iwiri yoyenda yokha.
+
+Spain ili kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Western Europe komanso kumpoto kwa Africa. Ku Europe, limakhala pachilumba chachikulu cha Iberia, chotchedwa Spain, ndi zilumba za Balearic (kumadzulo kwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean); Ku Africa kuli mizinda ya Ceuta (m'chigawo cha Tingitana) ndi Melilla (ku Tres Forcas Cape), Canary Islands (kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Atlantic Ocean), zilumba za Chafarinas (Nyanja ya Mediterranean), Peñon de Vélez de la Gomera (Nyanja ya Mediterranean), Zilumba za Alhucemas (malo azilumba Alhucemas) ndi Chilumba cha Alboran (Nyanja ya Alboran). Boma la Llivia, ku Pyrenees, ndi exclave yozunguliridwa ndi madera aku France. Magawo angapo amamalizidwa ndi zilumba zingapo komanso zilumba zazing'ono zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa chilumba chokha, Ili ndi dera la 505 370 km².
+
+Zolemba
+Matenda a korona kovidi-19 ndi matenda opatsilana oyambitsidwa ndi kachirombo ka Korona kotchedwa severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) muchingerezi. Munthu wodwala woyamba wa matendawa anapezeka mu mzinda wa Wuhan ku China mu mwezi wa Disembala mu chaka cha 2019.
+
+Zizindikilo za matendawa ndi zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri munthu odwala amakhala ndi listipa,kutentha thupi, kukhosomola, kutopa, kuvutika kupuma ndi kusiya mvumva fungo ndi kumva makomedwe a zinthu mkamwa. Zizindikiro zimayamba mu masiku khumi ndi anayi amene munthu anatenga kachilomboka. Anthu ambiri (81%) sadwala kwambiri (chibayo cha pang'ono), pamene 14% amadwala kwambiri, 5% amadwala mwa kayakaya (kukanika kupuma kapena ziwalo kufa). Munthu mmodzi mwa atatu aliyense sakhala ndi zizindikiro za mtendawa koma amatha kufalitsa kachilombo ka Kovidi. Odwala ena amatha kuwonetsa zizindikiro za kovidi nthawi yayitali ngakhale achila makamaka pamene ziwalo nzathupi zawonongeka. Akatswiri a Sayansi akuchitabe kafukufuka kufana kupeza zomwe zimayambita anthu kuti azikhala ndi zizindikilo za kovid nthawi yayitali.
+
+Kachilombo ka vayilasi kamene kamayambitsa Kovidi-19 kamafalitsiwa nthawi zambiri ngati munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka akhala pafupi ndi anthu ena. Timalovu ndi timadzi tochokela mu mphuno tikhoza kufalitsidwa ndi munthu wodwala pamene akupuma, kuyetsemula, kukhosomola, kuyimba ndi kuyankhula. Anthu ena amadwala ngati kachilombo kalowa mkamwa, mphuno kapena mmaso. Kavayilasika kamathanso kufalitsidwa ndi mmalo ogwilika monga zikupa ndi zitseko ngakhale kafukufuka akuwonetsa kuti sinjira yayikulu imene kachilomboka kakufalitsidwila . Njira yakafalitsidwe kamatendawa sikakudziwika kwenikweni koma ambiri akuganiza kuti anthu akakhala kwambiri nthawi yayitali akhoza kupatsilana matenda. Munthu amene ali ndi matendawa akhoza kufalitsa kachilombo ka Kovidi masiku awiri asanayambe kuwonetsa zizindikiro, mmenenso anthu amene alibe zizindikiro angafalistilre matendawa. Anthu akhoza kufalitsa matendawa  mpakana masiku khumi ngati adwala pang'ono ndipo masabata wiri  (masiku khumi ndi anayi (14)) kwa amene adwala kwambiri. Njira zoyezela matendawa zosiyanasiyana zapangidwa. Njira imene ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi yotchedwa real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) imene amagwiritsa tizinthu tochokera pa khosi pa munthu wodwala.
+
+Njira zopewera matendawa ndi kupewa kuyandikilana ndi anthu, kukhala mumbindikiro, kukhala ndi mpheya mu zipinda, kuvindikila kukamwa ndi mphuno po khosomola ndi kuyetsemula, kusamba mmanja ndi kusazigwira kumaso ndi manja osasamba. Akatswlri akulangiza anthu kuvala  masiki mmalo omwe kumapezeka anthu ngati m'misika. Katemera wa matendawa akupangidwa ndipo mayiko ambiri ayamba kale kubaya anthu awo.
+
+Ngakhale ntchito ili mkati kufufuza makhwala amene angaletse kachilimboka, chisamaliro chikuperekedwa kuthana ndi zizindikiro zamatendawa basi. Monga kuchiza zizindikiro ndi makhwala, kuyika anthu odwala mmalo awokha ndi njira zina zomwe zikungoyeseledwa chabe.
+
+Zolemba
+Holokosti kapena Holocaust mu Chingerezi ndi kuphedwa kwa anthu achiyuda aku Ulaya mu nkhondo yayikulu yachiwiri. Pakati pa zaka za 1941 ndi 1945, mu dziko la Germany komanso madera olamulilidwa ndi Germany ku Ulaya, anthu achipani chaNazi ndi anzawo anapha anthu achiyuda okwana maliliyoni asanu ndi imodzi, chimene chinali chiwelengero cha muyuda mmodzi aliyense mwa atatu opezeka ku Ulaya. Kuphedwa kwa anthu kumachitika ngati chipwirikiti ndi ziwawa komanso kuwombela anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi; komanso mundondomeko imenene inakhazikitsidwa kudzela mu ntchito imene imachitika mu ma kampu wosunga ayuda; ndi muzipinda zokhazikitsidwa ndi magasi omwe anakozedwa kuti azipha anthu achiyuda mu madera a (Ochiwitsi) Auschwitz, (Belezeki ) Bełżec, (Chemo) Chełmno, (Majidaneki) Majdanek, (sobibo) Sobibór, ndi (Trebulinka) Treblinka ku Polandi. 
+
+Germany inakonza kuzunza anthu achiyuda mu zigawo. Adolf Hitler atangosankhidwa kukhala chancellor wa Germany pa 30 Januwale mu chaka cha 1933, Germany inamanga kampu zoyikako anthu amene amatsutsa ulamuliro wachiNazi komanso anthu amene amawonedwa osafunikila. Pamene Hitler anapatsidwa mphamvu zonse zolamulira Germany, boma lake linayamba kuchita za tsankho kusala anthu achiyuda mu ntchito zaboma, komanzo ntchito zamalonda zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu achiyuda. Pa 9 mpaka kufikila pa 10 Novembala mu chaka cha 1938, mabizinesi komanso manyumba ndi zomangamanga za anthu achiyuda zinawotchedwa ndiponso katundu wambiri anabedwa mu dziko la Germany ndi Austria (zimezezi zimatchedwa usiku wamagalasi osweka ("Kristallnacht" muchiJeremani komanso "Night of broken glass" mu chingerezi). Germany ikangolowa mu dziko la Polandi mu seputembala chaka cha 1939, zimene zinayambitsa nkhondo yayikulu yachiwiri, boma la Germany linakhazikitsa madera okhala Ayuda okhaokha otchedwa geto (ghetto). Sipanapite nthawi, mazana amakampu komanso malo osungila anthu omangidwa anakhazikitstdwa mu malo ambiri omwe amalamulilidwa ndi Germany ku Ulaya. 
+
+Kusungidwa kwa anthu achiyuda ku mageto kunakhazikitsidwa mu ndondomeko imene a Nazi anakhazikitsa yotchedwa Yankho Lomaliza (Final Solution mu chingerezi) ku Funso la Ayuda (The Jewish Question mu chingerezi), zimene zinakambilanidwa ndi akuluakulu a chipani cha chiNazi pa khoferensi ya Wannsee ku Berlin mu chaka cha 1942. Mumadera onse amene Germany analanda ku Ulaya, zonse zofuna kuthana ndi anthu achiyuda zinakonzedwa. Moyendetsedwa ndi a SS, komanso kutsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu a chipani cha Nazi, anthu achiyuda ambiri anaphedwa. Anthu achiyuda okwana 1.3 miliyoni anaphedwa powomberedwa mu magulu pamodzi komanso ziwawa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi achinyamata achiGermany mogwirizana ndi asilikali aku Germany mu zaka za ma 1941 ndi 1945. Mumkati mwa chaka cha 1942, anthu achiyuda anayamba kuchotsedwa mu mageto ndipo amayikidwa mu masitima kupita ku makampu. Ngati anthuwa sanafe paulendowu, amaphedwa muzipinda zamagasi, kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena kumenyedwa mpakana kufa, kapena kufa ndi matenda, kapena kugwiritsa mukafukufuku wa sayansi wofufuza mamkhwala komanso kuyenda mtunda wautali pansi. Anthu achiyuda anapitirizidwa kuphedwa mpaka kumathero a nkhondo yayikulu yachiwiri mu mwezi wa meyi mu chaka cha 1945.
+
+Anthu achiyuda okhala ku ulaya anaphedwa ngati gawo lalikulu la nthawi ya holokosti mu zaka za ma 1933 mpakana 1945, mumene Germany ndi anthu ena okhuzidwa anazunza ndi kupha anthu ena mamiliyoni  monga, anthu achi polo, ankhondo ogwidwa aku Soviet, anthu achiroma jipise, anthu olumala, amboni za yehova, adani andale, abambo okwatilana abambo okhaokha ndiponso anthu akuda aku German.
+
+Zolemba
+Zolemba idawonanso mawu opindika pakutuluka ndi kulowa kwa dzuwa pambuyo pa mitambo iwiri. Uthengawu udawonedwa kuchokera ku Sweden ndi Prague ndipo pomwe akuphatikiza mtundu wathunthu ndikuwunikanso kuchokera pa nsanja ya 85 kupita ku "Proxima Centauri ipita pafupi ndi mwezi wapadziko lapansi mu 2023 ndipo zinthu zidzasintha nthawi yomweyo". Sitikudziwa tanthauzo la izi, koma powona momwe zolembedwazi zasintha pakapita nthawi, zitha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lakuya mukamaikidwa m'mauthenga ena.
+
+Aristotle wa Zolemba adzakhala Prime Minister woyamba wa Kulumikizana kwa nthawi yoyamba ku AE_LIVE 2021 panthawi chiyembekezo. Autechre azisewera 1, 3 ndi 4 pamwambowu. Miyala yamtengo wapatali idzakhala ndi zokambirana zingapo pamwambowu ndipo Zolemba mu mamembala athunthu 7 azisewera ndi Autechre kumapeto kwa mwambowu. Miyala yamtengo wapatali ipereka chakudya ndi zakumwa. Msonkhanowu udzachitikira kunja kwathunthu ndi zotenthetsera, kuti anthu athe kuwona zolembedwazo pamwamba pa kulowa kwa dzuwa.
+Nikanor (Nika) Melia (wobadwa pa 21 Disembala 1979) ndi wandale waku Georgia yemwe ndi wapampando wa United National Movement ndipo ndi membala wa nyumba yamalamulo yaku Georgia. Anali membala wa nyumba yamalamulo yaku Georgia kuchokera ku United National Movement kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2019. Adasinthidwa ndi Badri Basishvili. Ali ndi digiri ya master ku International Relations kuchokera ku Oxford Brookes University.
+
+Ndiye yekhayo wotsutsa yemwe adatenga malo 1 pachimodzi chilichonse cha 2020. Zisankho zalamulo ku Georgia, koma adanyanyala ndipo sanatenge nawo gawo lachiwiri.
+
+Mu Juni 2019 adamasulidwa pa bail atamuimbira mlandu wokonza kapena kuyang'anira ziwawa zamagulu kapena kutenga nawo mbali, pa ziwonetsero za 20 mpaka 21 Juni ku Georgia ku Tbilisi.
+
+Mu Disembala 2020, atasiya ntchito a Grigol Vashadze adasankhidwa kukhala Chairman wa United National Movement.
+
+Zolemba
+ parliament.ge
+
+Obadwa mu 1979
+Anthu amoyo
+Georgia
+Giorgi "Gigi" Ugulava (Chijojiya: გიგი უგულავა) (wobadwa pa Ogasiti 15, 1975) ndi wandale waku Georgia komanso Meya wakale wa Tbilisi (2005-2013). Anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri akale achipani cha United National Movement (UNM) komanso mnzake wakale wa Purezidenti wakale wa Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili. Pa 10 February 2020, adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 3. Komabe, pa Meyi 15, Purezidenti Salome Zourabichvili adakhululukira Ugulava.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Obadwa mu 1975
+Anthu amoyo
+Georgia
+François Hollande ndi Purezidenti wa French Republic kuyambira Meyi 15, 2012 mpaka Meyi 14, 2017.
+Ilia II (Chijojiya: ილია II), womasuliridwanso kuti Ilya kapena Eliya (wobadwa pa 4 Januware 1933), ndi Katolika-Patriarch of All Georgia komanso mtsogoleri wazipembedzo wa Georgia Orthodox Church. Amadziwika kuti Katolika-Patriarch of All Georgia, Bishopu Wamkulu wa Mtskheta-Tbilisi ndi Bishop wa Metropolitan wa Bichvinta ndi Tskhum-Abkhazia, His Holiness and Beatitude Ilia II.
+Philip Mountbatten, Duke waku Edinburgh, wobadwa pa 10 Juni 2021 ku Windsor, ndi mamuna wa Elizabeth II, Mfumukazi yaku United Kingdom ndi madera ena a Commonwealth. 
+
+Philip Mountbatten, Duke waku Edinburgh, wobadwa Prince Philip waku Greece ndi Denmark pa 10 Juni 1921 ku Mon Repos (Corfu) ndipo adamwalira pa Epulo 9, 2021 ku Windsor (United Kingdom), anali mwamuna wa Elizabeth II, Mfumukazi yaku England.
+Gabriel (Chijojiya: გაბრიელი, romanized: gabrieli), wobadwa ndi Goderdzi Urgebadze (გოდერძი ურგებაძე; 26 Ogasiti 1929 - 2 Novembala 1995) anali mmonke wachi Orthodox waku Georgia wopembedzedwa chifukwa cha moyo wake wopembedza komanso wopembedza. Ndi zozizwitsa zambiri zomwe adamuuza, manda a Gabriel ku Mtskheta adakopa alendo ambiri. Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku Georgia chidamuyimika kukhala Woyera Woyera a Gabriel, Confessor and Fool for Christ (წმ. ღირსი მამა გაბრიელი აღმსარებელი-სალოსი), pa 20 Disembala 2012.
+Guillermo Lasso Mendoza wobadwa pa Novembala 16, 1955, wakhala Purezidenti wa Republic of Ecuador kuyambira Meyi 24, 2021.
+Ivane "Vano" Merabishvili (Chijojiya: ივანე [ვანო] მერაბიშვილი; wobadwa pa 15 Epulo 1968) ndi wandale waku Georgia. Adakhala Prime Minister waku Georgia pa 4 Julayi 2012. Nthawi yake idatha atasiya ntchito pa 25 Okutobala 2012.
+
+Zolemba
+
+1968 kubadwa
+Timbwama Chisenga (wobadwa pa Okutobala 28, 1989) wodziwika bwino ngati Tim Thugga kapena tsopano Tim  ndi rapper waku Zambia ndi wolemba nyimbo. Adatchuka monga membala wa gulu la anyamata la Zone Fam lomwe lidapangidwa mu 2009 atasainidwa onse ku Slam Dunk Record. Ali ku Zone Fam Tim adayamba kudziwonetsa yekha ngati wojambula payekha mpaka Epulo 1, 2015, pomwe adalengeza pamasamba ake ochezera  ndi mapulani oti akhale waluso wa uthenga wabwino .Adamasula nyimbo yake yoyamba ngati woimba wa Christian Hip Hop "Heartbeat" wopangidwa ndi Mag44 adatulutsidwa mu 2017 kuchokera pa chimbale chake choyamba 'TIM (This Is Music)' ikufuna kumasulidwa mu 2021.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Oimba
+1989 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Dambisa Michelle Lunda  (born 10 September 1989), ndi wolemba-nyimbo waku Zambia komanso mfumukazi yodziyimira pawokha ku Dancehall. Alinso kazembe wa brand ku Pampers Zambia. Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi mikangano mu nyimbo zake zomwe zidawonekera.Dambisa adayamba mu 2011 ndi nyimbo yake yoyamba ya Kaduka Chain, pomwe anali ndi Petersen.
+
+Moyo Wam'mbuyomu ndi Ntchito Yanyimbo 
+Dambisa adayamba kuyimba ali wamng'ono wazaka 9.M'masiku ake aunyamata, nyimbo za Tina Turner nthawi zonse zimamutembenuza ndipo nthawi zina amamvera za PK Chishala. Pambuyo pake Dambisa adadziwika ku East, West ndi Southern Africa pochita ziwonetsero zakunja ndi mphotho ku Namibia. Mwana wake wamwamuna wam'mbuyomu waku Africa adatulutsidwa mu 2018. Anthu adamukonda chifukwa adatengera chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Africa komanso khungu.
+
+Malire 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Oimba
+1989 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Mukubesa Mundia (wobadwa pa Seputembara 28, 1982), wodziwika bwino ndi dzina loti Petersen Zagaze ndi wojambula wojambula waku Reggae waku Zambia, wolemba komanso wopanga kuchokera ku Lusaka, Zambia. Anayamba kudziwika pambuyo pa kukwatiwa koyamba mu 2005 Munyaule. A Petersen ndiwonso Chief Executive Officer (CEO) wa zolemba zawo, Zaga Lyfe Entertainnment ndi 2016 Kora Awards Best Male Southern Africa Nominee.
+
+Discography
+
+Albums 
+
+ King Solomon – 2015
+ Job 13:13 – 2012
+ Stoga Compilation – 2011
+ Bobojani – 2007
+ Munyaule – 2005
+
+Selected songs 
+
+ Sinifuna Nakulanga-Petersen – 2005
+ Munyaule – 2005
+ Munyaule Nafuti – Petersen – 2008
+ Kumanda Kuli Boring – Petersen – 2013
+ Bvuto La Fwaka – Petersen – 2012
+ Letter to My President – Petersen – 2012
+
+Malire 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Oimba
+1982 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Masewera a mpira mdziko la Zambia amayendetsedwa ndi Football Association of Zambia. Bungweli limayang'anira magulu amakono aamuna ndi aakazi, komanso Premier League, ndi Women Super Division. Tsoka la mlengalenga la Zambia National Soccer Soccer limawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu mu mpira waku Zambia.
+
+Gulu Ladziko 
+Gulu ladziko lino lachita bwino komanso adakhalapo ndi Africa Cup of Nations, ndikupambana komaliza mu 2012 motsutsana ndi Ivory Coast. Mpira ndi masewera otchuka kwambiri ku Zambia. Godfrey Chitalu amadziwika kuti ndi "wosewera wamkulu waku Zambia yemwe adakhalapo".
+
+Malire
+Mutale Nalumango (wobadwa pa 1 Januware 1955) ndi mphunzitsi waku Zambia mwaukadaulo, wandale ndipo pano ndiwokwatirana ndi Purezidenti wa UPND Hakainde Hichilema pachisankho chachikulu cha 2021. Adatumikira ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa Sekondale 'Teachers Union of Zambia, asanatule pansi udindo kuti alowe nawo ndale mchaka cha 2001. Adayamba kukhala phungu wa Nyumba yamalamulo mu 2001 motsogozedwa ndi Movement for Multiparty Democracy ku Kaputa Constituency. Adasiya udindo wake ngati wachiwiri kwa nduna yofalitsa nkhani komanso wachiwiri kwa mneneri kunyumba yamalamulo ku 2010 ndikumupanga kukhala mkazi woyamba kutenga udindowu.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1955 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Chicago ndi mzinda ku dziko la United States.
+
+Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi: 8.865.000 (2020).
+Emmanuel Jean - Michel Freédéric Macron (Wobadwa 21 Disembala 1977) ndi wandale waku France yemwe wakhala Purezidenti wa France kuyambira 14 Meyi 2017.
+
+Wobadwira Amienes, Macron adawerengera Philosophy ku Paris Naterster University adakhala wobayira ku Rothschild & Co.
+
+Macron adasankhidwa kukhala mlembi wamkulu ndi Purezidenti François Fltolois atangotsatira chisankho cha Meyi 2012, ndikupanga macron imodzi ya alangizi a Hollande. Pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kukhala nduna ya ku France monga nduna yazachuma, makampani ndi zochitika za digito mu Ogasiti 2014 ndi Prime Minister Minister Anuel Manuel. Pantchito imeneyi, Macroni adalimbikira kusintha kwamabizinesi angapo. Anasiya ntchito ku ofesi ya mu August 2016, kukhazikitsa kampeni ya chisankho cha Purench Purench. Ngakhale kuti Macron anali membala wa phwando la Socialist kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2009, adathamanga pa chikwangwani cha La RéPublique Encche!
+
+Pothokoza pang'ono chifukwa cha zovomerezeka, Macroni adatulutsa voti yoyamba yovota ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa France pa 7 Meyi 2017 ndi 66.1% ya voti m'chigawo chachiwiri, nanga cholembera chachiwiri. Ali ndi zaka 39, Macron adakhala Purezidenti wachinyamata kwambiri m'mbiri ya France. Anasankha Édouard PhilipPa monga nduna yayikulu, ndipo mu chaka cha Chipangano cha buku la 2017 patatha mwezi umodzi Macron Macron, Renany Lal Marche (Loméplublique Er Marche (Lomm), amateteza anthu ambiri ku National. Paulamulilo wake, Macron amayang'anira zosintha zingapo zogwirira ntchito ndi misonkho. Kutsutsa kwa kusintha kwake, makamaka msonkho wa mafuta, wokhala ndi ziwonetsero zamiyala ya 2018 yachikasu ndi ziwonetsero zina. Mu 2020, adasankha za Jan Caytex monga nterment yotsatira kusiya ntchito ya Philippe. Kuyambira pa 2020, watsogolera kuyankha kwa France ku Coviid ndi katemera ndi katemera.
+1977 kubadwa
+Embassy Park ndiye malo oyamba oyikidwa m'manda ndi chikumbutso cha Atsogoleri aku Zambia.
+
+Mndandanda wa Atsogoleri omwe adayikidwa pamalowa 
+
+ Levy Patrick Mwanawasa (1948–2008)
+ Frederick Chiluba (1943–2011) 
+ Michael Sata (1937–2014)
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Zambia
+Patson Daka (wobadwa pa 9 Okutobala 1998) ndi wosewera mpira waku Zambia yemwe amakhala ku Leicester City ndi timu yadziko la Zambia. Asanalowe Leicester adasewera Kafue Celtic kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2017. Ku Kafue Celtic, Kenako adalumikizana ndi Power Dynamos kwa ngongole kwa chaka chimodzi ndipo chaka chotsatira adabwerekedwa ku Liefering. Daka adalumikizana ndi Red Bull Salzburg ku 2017 ngati wopambana wachinyamata. Adathandizira kilabu kuti ipambane UEFA Youth League, ndikupanga zigoli 2 m'masewera awiri. Adapanga kuwonekera koyamba ku Salzburg koyamba nyengo yotsatira motsutsana ndi Viitorul Constanța pa 24 Ogasiti 2019. Pa 30 Juni 2021, Leicester City yalengeza kusaina kwa Daka pangano la zaka zisanu.
+
+Ntchito Yamagulu ndi ziwerengero 
+
+Ndi timu ya Zambia Under-20, Patson Daka amatenga nawo gawo mu Africa Cup of Nations Under-20 mu 2017. Mpikisano uwu, womwe udachitikira m'dziko lakwawo, akuyamba ndikusewera masewera asanu. Amawonekera polemba zigoli zingapo: chigoli pamasewera oyamba motsutsana ndi Guinea, kenako kumenya nkhondo motsutsana ndi Egypt, ndipo pomaliza cholinga chomaliza chomaliza motsutsana ndi Senegal. Amaperekanso thandizo motsutsana ndi Mali pagulu. Amalandilidwanso ndi mutu wothamanga wosewera pampikisano.
+
+Kenako adasewera miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake mu World Cup ya Under-20 ku South Korea. Padziko lapansi, adasewera masewera asanu. Amalemba chigoli ndikupereka thandizo motsutsana ndi Iran pagulu la magulu. Adawombanso mu 16 yapambana pomwe adapambana Germany Zambia idagonja mu kotala-fainala motsutsana ndi Italy pambuyo pa nthawi yowonjezera.
+
+Adalandira chisankho chake choyamba ku timu ya Zambia A pa Meyi 10, 2015, pamasewera olimbirana ndi Malawi (2-0 kupambana). Chaka chomwecho, adatenga nawo gawo pa COSAFA Cup.
+
+Mu Januware 2016, adatenga nawo gawo pa Mpikisano wa African Nations womwe udakonzedwa ku Rwanda. Pa mpikisanowu, adasewera masewera awiri, motsutsana ndi Uganda (0-1 kupambana), ndi Mali (0-0). Chaka chomwecho, adatenganso nawo gawo pa COSAFA Cup.
+
+Adalemba chigoli chake choyamba ku timu yadziko lonse pa Seputembara 5, 2017, motsutsana ndi Algeria. Masewerawa adapambana 0-1 ndi imodzi mwamasewera oyenerera padziko lonse lapansi a 2018. Patadutsa miyezi iwiri, adalanda chigoli chake chachiwiri motsutsana ndi Cameroon, pamasewera omwewo (2-2).
+
+Club
+
+Zolemba 
+Anthu amoyo
+Oimba
+1998 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Iliza Shlesinger: Yavumbulutsidwa ndi kanema waku America waku America wojambula wotsogola wowongoleredwa ndi Steve Paley ndipo yolembedwa ndi Iliza Shlesinger, Iliza Shlesinger wachisanu pawokha wodziyimira pawokha wa Netflix, kutsatira War Paint kuchokera ku 2013, Freezing Hot kuchokera ku 2015, Kutsimikizika Kumapha kuchokera ku 2016 ndi Mkulu Millennial kuchokera ku 2018. Wovumbulutsidwa, Iliza Shlesinger yemwe wangokwatirana kumene amafufuza zaukwati ndi miyambo yake. Amakambirana zakukonzekera ngati mkazi, miyambo yakanthawi yayitali ngati garters ndi zophimba, komanso mantha omwe ndi phwando la bachelorette. Idatulutsidwa pa Novembala 19, 2019, pa Netflix.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+ Makanema a 2019
+ Makanema aku America
+ Zapadera za Netflix
+Zisankho zazikulu zidachitika ku Zambia pa 12 Ogasiti 2021 kuti asankhe Purezidenti ndi National Assembly. Hakainde Hichilema wa United Party for National Development adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti, kugonjetsa Edgar Lungu wogwirizira wa Patriotic Front.
+
+Otsatira 
+Onse khumi ndi asanu ndi mmodzi omwe adalembetsa kuti adzalembetse nawo upurezidenti. Mpikisanowu ukuyembekezeka kukhala mpikisano wapakati pa Edgar Lungu wa Patriotic Front ndi Hakainde Hichilema wa United Party for National Development. Onse adapikisana pazisankho za 2015, zomwe Lungu adapambana ndi 50.35% mpaka 47.63%
+
+Khalidwe 
+Pa 12 Ogasiti patsiku lachisankho, ogwiritsa ntchito angapo a Twitter adapita papulatifomu kukanena kuti mapulogalamu azachikhalidwe ndi mameseji, kuphatikiza Facebook, Instagram, ndi WhatsApp zikuwoneka kuti zatsekedwa mdziko muno. Koma ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti akugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za VPN kuti azilumpha zoletsa pa WhatsApp komanso malo ena ochezera pa TV. Komabe, Secretary of Permanent Services of Information and Broadcasting Services, Amos Malupenga, adakana malipotiwo, nati ndi "oyipa." Anapitilizanso "kuti boma silingalolere kuzunzidwa kwa intaneti ndipo ngati pali vuto lililonse, chifukwa chake boma likuyembekeza nzika kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito intaneti moyenera. Koma ngati anthu ena angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti mopusitsa komanso kupatsa mbiri yabodza, boma osazengereza kupempha malamulo oyenera kuti ateteze kuphwanya malamulo ndi bata pamene dziko likudutsa munthawi yachisankho, "adatero Malupenga. Ngakhale adalankhula izi, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti atsekedwa ndipo nzika zayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma VPN.
+
+Zotsatira zoyambirira
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zambia
+UEFA European Soccer Championship 2020 (yemwenso amadziwika kuti UEFA Euro 2020) inali 16e UEFA European Football Championship. Zinachitika pakati pa 11 Juni ndi 11 Julayi 2021. Zinachitikira m'mizinda 12 m'maiko 12 osiyanasiyana. Izi zidachitika chifukwa 2020 inali "tsiku lobadwa" la 60 la UEFA European Soccer Championship. Portugal ndiyo idateteza. Komabe, Italy idapambana mutu wawo wachiwiri itagonjetsa England. Masewerawa adayimitsidwa pakati pa 2021 pa 17 Marichi 2020 chifukwa cha mliri wa coronavirus.
+
+Zochitika
+Masewera khumi ndi amodzi adzagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mpikisanowu. Masewera otsegulira adzachitikira ku Stadio Olimpico ku Italy.
+
+M'munsimu muli mndandanda wathunthu wamabwalo a masewera:
+
+ Allianz Arena ku Munich, Germany
+ Arena Națională ku Bucharest, Romania
+ Sitediyamu ya Olimpiki ku Baku, Azerbaijan
+ Hampden Park ku Glasgow, Scotland
+ Johan Cruyff Arena ku Amsterdam, Netherlands
+ Sitediyamu ya Krestovsky ku St. Petersburg, Russia
+ La Cartuja ku Seville, Spain
+ Bwalo la Parken ku Copenhagen, Denmark
+ Puskás Aréna ku Budapest, Hungary
+ Stadio Olimpico ku Roma, Italy
+ Sitediyamu ya Wembley ku London, England
+
+Group stage
+
+Group A
+
+Group B
+
+Group C
+
+Group D
+
+Group E
+
+Group F
+
+Ranking of 3rd place teams
+
+Knockout stage
+
+Final
+
+Masamba ena 
+
+ UEFA Euro 2020 ku UEFA.com
+
+ Mpikisano wa UEFA European
+ 2021 mu mpira wampikisano
+ 2021 ku Europe
+ Zochitika mu June 2021
+ Zochitika mu Julayi 2021
+Junior Fashion Sakala (wobadwa pa 14 Marichi 1997) ndi wosewera wampikisano waku Zambia yemwe amasewera ngati wosewera waku Scottish Premiership kilabu Rangers komanso timu yadziko la Zambia.
+
+Ntchito yamakalabu
+Mu february 2017, Sakala adasaina contract yazaka zitatu ndi kilabu ya Russian Premier League FC Spartak Moscow yomwe idayembekezeka kuyamba mpaka 30 June 2020. Adapanga kuwonekera kwake mu Russian Soccer National League ku FC Spartak-2 Moscow pa 23 Marichi 2017 pamasewera olimbana ndi FC Baltika Kaliningrad. Pa 9 Julayi 2018, adasaina contract yazaka zitatu ndi kilabu yaku Belgian Oostende. Pa 4 Meyi 2021, ndi Oostende wake chifukwa choti chilowe mchilimwe, Sakala adasaina mgwirizano wam'mbuyomu ndi timu yaku Scottish Premiership Ranger pamgwirizano wazaka zinayi.
+
+Ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi
+Sakala adasewera koyamba ku timu yayikulu yaku Zambia pa 2 Seputembara 2017 pamasewera a FIFA FIFA World Cup 2018 motsutsana ndi Algeria ndipo adatumizidwa kuti asungidwe kawiri pamphindi wa 56. Adawonetsanso timu yaku Zambia ya zaka zosakwana 20 yomwe idapambana Afcon ya 2017, ndikupanga zigoli zitatu. Sakala adapanga timu ya under 20 yomwe idachitika mu World Cup ndipo adatulutsidwa mu quarter-fainolo, akugunda zigoli zinayi mu mpikisanowu.
+
+Ziwerengero za ntchito
+
+International
+Zolemba ndi zotsatira zayamba kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zigoli za Zambia poyamba, mndandanda wazolemba umawonetsa zigoli pambuyo pa cholinga chilichonse cha Sakala .
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1997 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+UEFA Euro 2020 Final inali masewera a mpira omwe adachitika pa 11 Julayi 2021 ku Wembley Stadium ku London, England, kuti adziwe opambana a UEFA Euro 2020. Poyambirira idakonzedwa pa 12 Julayi 2020 ndipo pambuyo pake idasinthidwa chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19 mu Europe, masewerawa anali omaliza wa 16th wa UEFA European Championship, mpikisano wa quadrennial womwe mpikisano wamayiko a mamembala a UEFA adasankha osewera a ku Europe. Masewerawa adatsutsidwa ndi Italy ndi England. Italy idapambana komaliza 3-2 pamapenate kutsatira kujambula 1-1 patapita nthawi yowonjezera. Italy idapambana Mpikisano waku Europe koyamba kuyambira 1968. Aka kanali koyamba ku England kumapeto.
+
+Match
+
+Details
+{{Football box
+|date=
+|time=21:00
+Leicester City Football Club ndi katswiri wosewera mpira ku Leicester ku East Midlands, England. Kalabu imapikisana mu Premier League, gawo lalikulu pamasewera a mpira waku England, ndipo imasewera masewera awo kunyumba ku King Power Stadium.
+
+Kalabu idakhazikitsidwa ku 1884 ngati Leicester Fosse FC, ikusewera pamunda pafupi ndi Fosse Road. Adasamukira ku Filbert Street ku 1891, adasankhidwa kukhala Soccer League mu 1894 ndipo adadzitcha Leicester City mu 1919. Adasamukira ku Walkers Stadium ku 2002, yomwe idasinthidwa King Power Stadium ku 2011. 
+
+Leicester idapambana 2015-16 Premier League, mutu wawo woyamba wapamwamba, ndikukhala imodzi mwamakalabu asanu ndi awiri omwe adapambana Premier League kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku 1992. Manyuzipepala angapo adafotokoza kupambana kwa Leicester ngati masewera osangalatsa kwambiri; osunga ma bookmaki angapo anali asanalipirepo pamasewera aliwonse otere. Zotsatira zake, gululi lidatchedwa "Zosakhulupirika", zomwe zidabwereranso ku timu yosagonjetsedwa ya Arsenal "The Invincibles". 
+
+Mapeto omalizira kwambiri mu kilabu anali malo achiwiri paulendo wapamwamba, mu 1928 mpaka 29, womwe unkadziwika kuti First Division. Leicester ili ndi mbiri yofananira ya maudindo asanu ndi awiri achiwiri ndipo yapambana nawo komaliza mu Cup Cup kasanu, ndikupambana mutu wawo woyamba mu 2021. Wapambananso League Cup katatu ndipo adasewera m'mipikisano isanu yaku Europe mpaka pano.
+
+Zolemba
+Leicester City F.C.
+Makalabu a mpira ku England
+Makalabu a Premier League
+King Power Stadium (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Filbert Way kapena Leicester City Stadium chifukwa chalamulo la UEFA lothandizira ndipo kale limadziwika kuti Walkers Stadium) ndi bwalo lamasewera ku Leicester, England. Wakhala bwalo lamasewera a Premier League ku Leicester City kuyambira 2002 ndipo anali pamalopo pomwe kilabu idapatsidwa mpikisano wa Premier League ku 2016. Sitediyamu yokhala ndi anthu onse ili ndi anthu 32,261, bwalo lalikulu kwambiri la 20 ku England. Amatchedwa gulu logulitsira maulendo a King Power, kampani yomwe ili ndi eni kilabu.
+
+Avereji ya omwe amapezeka pamsonkhano
+
+Zolemba
+
+Leicester City F.C.
+Nyengo ya 2021-22 izikhala nyengo ya 117th kukhalapo kwa Leicester City F.C. ndi nyengo yachisanu ndi chitatu yotsatizana mu kilabu yampikisano wampikisano wachingelezi. Kuphatikiza pa ligi yapadziko lonse, Leicester City itenga nawo gawo pamasewera a FA Cup, EFL Cup ndi UEFA Europa League.
+
+Mpikisano
+
+Chidule
+
+Premier League
+
+League table 
+
+2021-22 Leicester City F.C. Season
+Alice Rowland Musukwa ndi mzimayi wochita bizinesi yaku Zambia, womaliza maphunziro ake pakampani komanso wotsatsa ulemu. Mu 2010, adapambana mpikisano wa Miss Zambia ndipo anali woyimira dziko ku Miss Universe chaka chomwecho. Amakhalanso director of the Miss Universe Zambia franchise. Ndiye mtundu wakuda wakuda kwambiri yemwe adayenda sabata yamafashoni yaku Pakistan..
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Kupambana kwa Zambia kukongola Otsutsa a Miss Universe 2020
+Anthu amoyo
+1987 kubadwa
+Tanonga Nswana (wobadwa pa Meyi 21, 1986), wodziwika bwino ngati Tbwoy, ndi wojambula waku Zambia wa Dancehall waku Lusaka. Dzina lake lalembedwa ngati TBwoy. TBwoy adayamba ntchito yake atangomenya Mwati uziba wa 2009. Tbwoy ndi wamkulu wamkulu (CEO) wa dzina lake, Bizzy Baila. Nyimbo za Tbwoy ndizosakaniza Dancehall ndi Kalindula.
+
+Zolemba 
+1986 kubadwa
+Anthu a ku Zambiya
+Oimba
+Anthu amoyo
+The Zambia Daily Mail ndi nyuzipepala ya Chingerezi ya tsiku ndi tsiku yofalitsa ku Zambia. Ndi imodzi mwamapepala awiri aboma aboma la Zambia.
+
+Mbiri 
+Nyuzipepalayi idachokera ku Central African Mail, yomwe idagulidwa ndi boma ndi David Astor mu 1965. Idasinthidwa kukhala Zambian Mail ndipo kenako Zambia Daily Mail mu 1970. Posakhalitsa pepalalo lidakhala cholankhulira boma, ndikufalitsa zikalata zaboma ndi zofalitsa, pomwe akulangizidwa kuti akhale "chida chomanga dziko". Komabe, izi zidatsika pakuwerenga ndi kutsatsa. Mu 2005, ziwerengero zake zikuwerengedwa kuti zinali pakati pa 10,000 ndi 15,000 Zolemba 
+Zambia
+Zambia stubs
+Iran (Persia: ایران Irān [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] (mverani)), yotchedwanso Persia, ndipo mwalamulo Republic of Iran, ndi dziko ku West Asia. Kumalire a kumpoto chakumadzulo kuli Armenia ndi Azerbaijan, kumpoto ndi Nyanja ya Caspian, kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi Turkmenistan, kum'mawa ndi Afghanistan, kumwera chakum'mawa ndi Pakistan, kumwera ndi Persian Gulf ndi Gulf of Oman, ndi kupitirira kumadzulo ndi Turkey ndi Iraq. Iran ili ndi dera la 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), lokhala ndi anthu miliyoni 83. Ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri ku Middle East, pomwe likulu lake ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri ndi Tehran.
+
+ndipo mzinda wodziwika kwambiri ku Iran ndi Shiraz, nazi malo okongola okopa alendo.
+
+Njira zokopa alendo ku Iran-Roma - ndi za omwe amatchedwa rezamqds omwe akwanitsa kukopa alendo ambiri kudziko lino m'zaka zaposachedwa.
+
+Iran ndi amodzi mwamayiko akale kwambiri ku Middle East, ndi Persian Gulf, Oman Sea ndi Caspian Sea.
+
+Chilankhulo chachikulu cha dzikolo ndi Chiperisiya. Ndalama ndi Irani Rial.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Iran
+Johann Sebastian Bach (Marichi 21, 1685 - Julayi 28, 1750) anali wolemba waku Germany wazaka za Baroque. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri olemba nyimbo ku Europe. A Johann Sebastian Bach adalimbikitsa olemba nyimbo monga Mozart, Beethoven, ndi Wagner, ndipo nyimbo zake zimawerengedwa kuti ndizopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Nyimbo za Bach ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kukongola kwake, luso, luso komanso kulingalira. Nyimbo za Bach zimaimbidwa, kuphunzira ndikusangalala padziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Zolemba 
+Kuimba
+Lazarous Kapambwe (wobadwa pa Disembala 31, 1959) ndi kazembe waku Zambia, Kazembe wa 17 wa Republic of Zambia ku United States of America kuyambira Januware 2020. Wakhala ngati Nthumwi Yamuyaya ya Zambia ku United Nations ku New York kuyambira pa 18 June 2007. mpaka 31 Disembala 2019. Anali Purezidenti makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu ndi awiri a Economic and Social Council. Adatumiziranso ngati kazembe wa Zambia ku African Union, kuyambira Juni 2003 mpaka Juni 2007.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1959 kubadwa
+Hakainde Hichilema (wobadwa pa 4 June 1962) ndi wochita bizinesi waku Zambia komanso wandale yemwe wakhala Purezidenti wa United Party for National Development, chipani chotsutsa, kuyambira 2006. Ndiwosankhidwa kukhala purezidenti, atapikisana nawo kasanu ndikutaya zonse: mu 2006, 2008, 2011, 2015 ndi 2016. 
+
+Asanasankhidwe, a Hichilema anali mdani wamkulu wa a Edgar Lungu, Purezidenti wa Zambia kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2021. Pa 11 Epulo 2017, Hichilema adamangidwa ndikuimbidwa mlandu woukira boma, lingaliro lomwe Lungu adamuwona ngati chosaloledwa kuti atseke mlandu wotsutsana ndi ndale. Kumangidwa ndi mlanduwu kudatsutsidwa kwambiri, ndikuchita ziwonetsero ku Zambia komanso kunja, kufuna kuti Hichilema amasulidwe ndikudzudzula ulamuliro wochuluka wa ulamuliro wa Lungu. Hichilema adatulutsidwa m'ndende pa 16 August 2017, ndipo mlandu woukira boma udachotsedwa.
+
+Moyo woyambirira komanso ntchito 
+Hichilema adabadwira m'mudzi m'boma la Monze ku Zambia lero. Analandira maphunziro oti akaphunzire ku Yunivesite ya Zambia ndipo anamaliza maphunziro awo mu 1986 ndi digiri ya bachelor ku Economics and Business Administration. Pambuyo pake adachita MBA ku Finance ndi Business Strategy ku University of Birmingham ku United Kingdom .
+
+Adakhala ngati wamkulu wa Coopers komanso Lybrand Zambia (1994-1998) komanso Grant Thornton Zambia (1998-2006). Hichilema ndi membala wachipani chotsutsa cha United Party for National Development, chipani chandale. Kutsatira kumwalira kwa Anderson Mazoka mu 2006, adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti watsopano wachipanichi. Adagwiranso ntchito ngati mtsogoleri wa United Democratic Alliance (UDA), mgwirizano wazipani zitatu zotsutsa.
+
+Mu zisankho za 2006, Hichilema adasankhidwa kukhala UDA ndipo adalimbana ndi Purezidenti wamtsogolo Levy Mwanawasa wa phungu wa Movement for Multiparty Democracy and Patriotic Front Michael Sata. Adalandira kuvomerezedwa ndi Purezidenti wakale Kenneth Kaunda. Zisankho zidachitika pa 28 Seputembara 2006 ndipo Hichilema adatenga malo achitatu ndi pafupifupi 25% ya mavoti.
+
+Hichilema adakhala ngati phungu wa UPND pachisankho cha 2008, chomwe chidayitanidwa atamwalira Purezidenti Levy Mwanawasa. Adabwera wachitatu ndi mavoti 19.7%. Mu Juni 2009, chipani cha Hichilema, UPND, chidapanga mgwirizano ndi a Patriotic Front (PF) a Michael Sata kuti apikisane nawo pachisankho cha 2011. Komabe, kukayikakayika kwa wopikisana nawo, kusakhulupirirana kwakukulu komanso kunenezedwa kuti ndi amitundu yonse kunapangitsa kuti mgwirizanowu uwonongeke mu Marichi 2011
+
+Kumangidwa ndi kuwukira 
+
+Hichilema adamangidwa pa 11 Epulo 2017. Usiku wa pa 11 Epulo 2017, apolisi aku Zambia adalowa m'chipinda cha Hichilema kuti akamange mtsogoleri wotsutsa mdzikolo, atalamulidwa ndi boma la Purezidenti Edgar Lungu  ndipo akuimbidwa mlandu woukira boma atamunamizira kuti waika pachiwopsezo moyo wa purezidenti pambuyo poti woyendetsa ndege akuti akukana kupereka njira kwa amene amayendetsa Lungu,mlandu womwe ambiri amawawona ngati cholakwa chochepa pamsewu ndipo palibe amene angakhale chiwembu. Hichilema adatsutsa mwamphamvu mlanduwu, womwe umapereka chiweruzo chachikulu cha chilango cha imfa.
+
+Utsogoleri 
+Hichilema adapikisana ndi Purezidenti kachitatu pachisankho chomwe chidachitika pa 12 Ogasiti 2021. Wapampando wa komiti yoyendetsa zisankho Esau Chulu adalengeza kuti adapambana zisankho koyambirira kwa 16 Ogasiti.
+
+Zolemba za kunja 
+1962 kubadwa
+Palan Mulonda ndi Woweruza waku Zambia ku Constitutional Court, kazembe komanso woimira ufulu wa anthu. Ndi kazembe wakale wa Zambia ku United States wakale woyimira boma komanso mlangizi wadziko lonse wazamalamulo ku Zambia. Adathandiziranso ngati mlangizi wazamalamulo kumakambirana osiyanasiyana aboma padziko lonse lapansi pazokhudza mphamvu, chitetezo, kulumikizana, malonda ndi malonda, ulimi ndi migodi. Tsopano akutumikira kubwalo lamilandu lalikulu kwambiri ngati m'modzi mwa oweruza asanu ndi awiri a Khothi Lalikulu.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1972 kubadwa
+Serbia (sr. - Србија) ndi dziko lomwe limapezeka ku Europu. Belgrade ndiye likulu.
+
+Malifalensi
+
+ Влада Републике Србије
+
+Maiko a ku Europu
+Kukhazikitsidwa kwa Hakainde Hichilema ngati Purezidenti wachisanu ndi chiwiri wa Zambia kudzachitika pa 24 Ogasiti 2021. Purezidenti-wosankhidwa Hichilema adapambana mwa kugunda ndi mavoti opitilira 996,000 pakati pa iye ndi Purezidenti Wotsogolera Edgar Lungu yemwe adapeza mavoti 1,814, 201 mu Purezidenti wa Ogasiti 2021 chisankho.Hakainde Hichilema akuyenera kulumbira limodzi ndi Mutale Nalumango ngati Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Zambia. Malo otsegulira sanatsimikizidwebe.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+Zoyambitsa Purezidenti wa Zambia
+Zochitika mu Ogasiti 2021 ku Africa
+Mutinta Hichilema ndi mlimi waku Zambia komanso mkazi wa Purezidenti-wosankhidwa Hakainde Hichilema. 
+Anthu amoyo
+Zambia Super League ya mu 2021–22 ndi nyengo ya 61 ya Zambia Super League, ligi yampikisano wapamwamba kwambiri ku Zambia. Ligi ikuyembekezeka kuyamba pa 11 Seputembala. ZESCO United ndiomwe ikuteteza, itapambana chikho chachisanu ndi chinayi cha Super League munyengo yapitayi.
+
+Magulu omwe akutenga nawo mbali
+
+Ma tebulo apamwamba 
+
+ Idasinthidwa pa Ogasiti 19, 2021
+
+Zambia Super League
+Mpira yamu Zambia
+Pillsbury Wesley Nyirenda anali wandale waku Zambia komanso Wosankhidwa woyamba kukhala Spika wa Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Zambia atasinthidwa kukhala Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Northern Rhodesia. Adatumikiranso ngati membala wa nyumba yamalamulo ku Fort Jameson kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1973 Mpando usanathetsedwe ndikugawika ku Chipata East, Chipata North ndi Chipata West. Anali mzambia wakomweko kukhala Purezidenti wa NOCZ kutenga udindo kuchokera kwa George Crane mu 1968.
+
+Zolemba
+1924 kubadwa
+Maryana Iskander (/mˈæriːˌænɑː ɪskˈændər/; Arabic: ماريانا إسكندر‎) ndi wochita bizinesi yaku America waku Egypt komanso loya. Ndiye wamkulu wamkulu yemwe akubwera wa Wikimedia Foundation. Iskander ndi CEO wa Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator komanso wamkulu wakale wa Planned Parenthood Federation of America ku New York.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana ndi maphunziro 
+A Maryana Iskander adabadwira ku Cairo, Egypt, komwe amakhala asanasamuke ku United States ndi banja lawo ali ndi zaka zinayi. Banja lake linakhazikika ku Round Rock, Texas. Iskander anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Rice University magna cum laude ndi digiri ya maphunziro azachikhalidwe cha anthu mu 1997, asanalandire MSc yake ku Oxford University ngati Rhode Scholar ku 1999, komwe adayambitsa Rhodes Association of Women. Mu 2003, adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Yale Law School.
+
+Kuzindikira 
+Iskander wakhala akulandila mphotho zingapo zabwino komanso mayanjano. Izi zikuphatikiza Mphotho ya Skoll for Social Entrepreneurship ndi Mphoto Yolemekezeka ya Alumnae Yale Law School. Mu 2002, adapatsidwa mphotho ya Paul ndi Daisy Soros Fsoci ya New American, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa omwe asamukira kapena ana a alendo "omwe ali okonzeka kupereka ndalama zambiri ku US, chikhalidwe kapena maphunziro awo". Adalandira Rhode Scholarship ndi Harry S. Truman Scholarship. Analinso membala wa gulu la 2006 a Henry Crown Fellows ku Aspen Institute, komanso ku Aspen Global Leadership Network.  Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator ndi utsogoleri wawo adadziwika ndi mphotho ndi ndalama kuchokera kumabungwe monga Skoll Foundation ndi USAID.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Twitter ndi American microblogging ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amalemba ndikulumikizana ndi mauthenga omwe amadziwika kuti "ma tweets". Ogwiritsa ntchito olembetsa amatha kutumiza, monga, ndikulembanso ma tweets, koma ogwiritsa ntchito osalembetsa amatha kungowerenga omwe amapezeka pagulu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amalumikizana ndi Twitter kudzera pa osatsegula kapena pulogalamu ya mobile frontend, kapena mwadongosolo kudzera pa APIs ake. Pambuyo pa Epulo 2020 ntchito zinali kupezeka kudzera pa SMS. Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa ndi Twitter, Inc., kampani yomwe ili ku San Francisco, California, ndipo ili ndi maofesi opitilira 25 padziko lonse lapansi. Ma Tweets poyambilira anali operewera zilembo 140, koma malirewo adawonjezeredwa mpaka 280 pazilankhulo zosakhala za CJK mu Novembala 2017. Ma tweets omvera ndi makanema amakhalabe ochepa pamasekondi 140 pamaakaunti ambiri.
+
+Twitter idapangidwa ndi Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, ndi Evan Williams mu Marichi 2006 ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mu Julayi chaka chomwecho. Pofika chaka cha 2012, ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 100 miliyoni adalemba ma tweets 340 miliyoni patsiku, ndipo ntchitoyi inkayankha mafunso pafupifupi 1.6 biliyoni patsiku. Mu 2013, inali imodzi mwamawebusayiti omwe adachezeredwa kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti "SMS ya pa intaneti". Kuyambira pa Q1 2019, Twitter inali ndi ogwiritsa ntchito oposa 330 miliyoni pamwezi. Twitter ndi ntchito yochulukitsa anthu ambiri, chifukwa ma tweets ambiri amalembedwa ndi ochepa ogwiritsa ntchito.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+Twitter
+Instagram (yomwe nthawi zambiri imasindikizidwa ndi IG, Insta kapena gramu) ndi chithunzi chaku America komanso kanema wogawana nawo malo ochezera a pa Intaneti opangidwa ndi Kevin Systrom ndi Mike Krieger. Mu Epulo 2012, Facebook idapeza ntchitoyi pafupifupi US $ 1 biliyoni ndi ndalama. Pulogalamuyi imalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutsitsa media zomwe zitha kusinthidwa ndi zosefera ndikukonzedwa ndi ma hashtag ndikudziwika kwa malo. Zolemba zitha kugawidwa pagulu kapena ndi otsatira omwe adavomerezedwa kale. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusakatula zomwe ena akugwiritsa ntchito ndi ma tag ndi malo ndikuwona zomwe zikuyenda. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukonda zithunzi ndikutsata ogwiritsa ntchito ena kuti awonjezere zomwe ali nazo pazakudya zawo.
+
+Instagram idasiyanitsidwa poyambilira pongololeza zomwe zili mu sikweya (1: 1) mulingo woyenera ndi pixels 640 kuti zifanane ndi chiwonetsero cha iPhone panthawiyo. Mu 2015, zoletsedwazi zidachepetsedwa ndikuwonjezeka mpaka ma pixels 1080. Ntchitoyi idawonjezeranso kutumizirana mameseji, kuthekera kokhala ndi zithunzi kapena makanema angapo positi imodzi, ndi mawonekedwe a 'nkhani' - ofanana ndi otsutsa ake akuluakulu a Snapchat - omwe amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kutumiza zithunzi ndi makanema pazakudya zina, ndi chilichonse Kufikika ndi ena kwa maola 24 iliyonse. Kuyambira mu Januwale 2019, nkhani ya Stories imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito 500 miliyoni tsiku lililonse. 
+
+Yoyambitsidwa koyamba kwa iOS mu Okutobala 2010, Instagram idayamba kutchuka, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito miliyoni imodzi m'miyezi iwiri, 10 miliyoni pachaka, ndi 1 biliyoni kuyambira Juni 2018. Mtundu wa Android udatulutsidwa mu Epulo 2012, wotsatiridwa ndi mawonekedwe- mawonekedwe apakompyuta ochepa mu Novembala 2012, pulogalamu ya Fire OS mu Juni 2014, ndi pulogalamu ya Windows 10 mu Okutobala 2016. Kuyambira Okutobala 2015, zithunzi zopitilira 40 biliyoni zidakwezedwa. Ngakhale adatamandidwa chifukwa cha zomwe adachita, Instagram yakhala ikunyozedwa, makamaka pakusintha kwa malingaliro ndi mawonekedwe, zoneneza, komanso zinthu zosaloledwa kapena zosayenera zomwe zidatumizidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. 
+
+Kuyambira mu Juni 2021, munthu wotsatira kwambiri ndi wosewera mpira wachipwitikizi Cristiano Ronaldo wokhala ndi otsatira oposa 300 miliyoni. 
+
+Kuyambira pa Januware 14, 2019, chithunzi chomwe chimakonda kwambiri pa Instagram ndi chithunzi cha dzira, lolembedwa ndi akaunti @world_record_egg, lopangidwa ndi cholinga chokhacho choposa mbiri yakale ya 18 miliyoni yomwe adakonda pa Kylie Jenner. Chithunzichi pakadali pano chimakonda zoposa 55 miliyoni. Chithunzi chachiwiri chomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi chithunzi chaukwati cha Ariana Grande ndi amuna awo a Dalton Gomez. Instagram idakhala pulogalamu yachinayi yomwe idatsitsidwa kwambiri mzaka za 2010.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+Instagram
+Space Exploration Technologies Corp. (SpaceX) ndi kampani yopanga zinthu zachilengedwe yaku America, yoyang'anira malo ndi kampani yolumikizirana yomwe ili ku Hawthorne, California. SpaceX idakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 ndi Elon Musk ndi cholinga chochepetsa ndalama zoyendera m'mlengalenga kuti dziko la Mars likhale landale. SpaceX imapanga magalimoto amtundu wa Falcon 9 ndi Falcon Heavy, ma rocket angapo, Dragon cargo, spacecraft komanso ma satellite a Starlink.
+
+Zomwe SpaceX yakwaniritsa zikuphatikiza roketi yoyamba yolipira ndalama payokha kuti ifike ku mphambano (Falcon 1 mu 2008), kampani yoyamba yabizinesi yoyendetsa bwino, yozungulira, ndikubwezeretsa ndege (Chinjoka mu 2010), kampani yoyamba payokha kutumiza chombo International Space Station (Chinjoka mu 2012), kunyamuka koyamba ndikuimirira koyenda kwa rocket yozungulira (Falcon 9 mu 2015), kugwiritsidwanso ntchito koyamba kwa rocket yozungulira (Falcon 9 mu 2017), ndi kampani yoyamba yabizinesi kutumiza oyenda mumlengalenga kupita ku International Space Station (SpaceX Crew Dragon Demo-2 mu 2020). SpaceX yauluka ndikuwulutsa ma rocket a Falcon 9 koposa zana.
+
+SpaceX ikupanga gulu lalikulu la satellite lomwe limatchedwa Starlink kuti lipereke ntchito zapaintaneti. Mu Januwale 2020 gulu la nyenyezi la Starlink lidakhala gulu lalikulu kwambiri la satellite padziko lonse lapansi. SpaceX ikupanganso Starship, ndalama zoyendetsedwa ndi anthu wamba, zotheka kugwiritsanso ntchito, zotsegulira zolemera kwambiri zowuluka mlengalenga. Starship cholinga chake ndi kukhala galimoto yoyamba ya SpaceX ikangoyamba kugwira ntchito, m'malo mwa Falcon 9, Falcon Heavy ndi Dragon zombo. Starship idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndipo idzakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chachikulu kwambiri kuposa roketi iliyonse yoyambira yomwe idakonzedwera koyambirira kwa 2020.
+SpaceX
+Inspiration4 (yolembedwa ngati Inspirati④n) ndi ntchito yopitilira ndege ya anthu yomwe SpaceX imayimira m'malo mwa Shift4 Payments CEO Jared Isaacman. Ntchitoyi idakhazikitsidwa pa 16 Seputembara 2021, nthawi ya 00:02:56 UTC kuchokera ku Launch Complex 39A ya Kennedy Space Center, yomwe ili pamwamba pa galimoto yoyambira ya Falcon 9, ndikuyika chiphokoso cha Dragon mumunsi wapansi wa Earth.
+
+Cholinga chake ndikuti amalize kuwuluka koyamba ku mlengalenga ndi nzika zokhazokha, monga gawo lothandiza m'malo mwa Chipatala cha St. Jude Children's Research ku Memphis, Tennessee. Ogwira ntchito anayi (Hayley Arceneaux, Christopher Sembroski, Sian Proctor, ndi Jared Isaacman) akuyembekezeka kukhalabe mozungulira mkati mwa Crew Dragon Resilience, yomwe inali ndi chikho chapadera paulendowu m'malo mwa docking hatch. Msonkhanowu umakumananso ndi chikumbutso cha 55th cha Gemini 11 mu Seputembara 1966 yomwe idali ndi 1,368 km (850 mi), chokwera kwambiri m'mbiri; Ndege ya Inspiration4 ili pamtunda wozungulira wa 585 km (364 mi), wokwera kwambiri kuyambira 1999 ndi 5th wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+SpaceX
+Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Chiarabu: عبد العزيز بوتفليقة, wachiroma: dAbd al-ʿAzīz Būtaflīqa [ʕabd elʕaziːz buːtefliːqa]; 2 Marichi 1937 - 17 Seputembara 2021) anali wandale waku Algeria yemwe adatumikira ngati Purezidenti wa Algeria kwa zaka pafupifupi 20, wazaka 20, 1999. kusiya ntchito mu 2019. Bouteflika adatumikira pankhondo ya Algeria ngati membala wa National Liberation Front. Algeria italandira ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku France, adakhala Minister of Foreign Affairs pakati pa 1963 mpaka 1979. Adakhala Purezidenti wa United Nations General Assembly pamsonkhano wa 1974-1975.
+
+Mu 1999, Bouteflika adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti wa Algeria pakupambana kovuta. Adapambana zisankho mu 2004, 2009, ndi 2014. Atakhala Purezidenti, adatsogolera kutha kwa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ya Algeria mu 2002 pomwe adayamba kugwira ntchito ya omwe adamtsogolera Purezidenti Liamine Zéroual, ndipo adamaliza lamulo ladzidzidzi mu February 2011 pakati pa zipolowe m'chigawochi. Kutsatira kupwetekedwa mu 2013, Bouteflika anali atawonekerapo pang'ono pagulu lake lonse lachinayi, ndikuwoneka komaliza ku 2017. 
+
+Bouteflika adasiya ntchito pa 2 Epulo 2019 patadutsa miyezi yambiri akuchita ziwonetsero. Ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 20 ali pampando, ndiye mtsogoleri wa dziko lomwe lakhala zaka zambiri ku Algeria mpaka pano. Atasiya ntchito, Bouteflika adasandukanso ndipo adamwalira mu Seputembara 2021.
+
+Zolemba kunja 
+1937 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Purezidenti wa Algeria
+Emma Raducanu (/ ræduˈkɑːnuː /; wobadwa pa 13 Novembala 2002) ndi wosewera waku tennis waku Britain. Ali ndi udindo wapamwamba wa Women Tennis Association (WTA) wa nambala 23 padziko lapansi ndipo ndiye wosewera wamkulu waku Britain. Raducanu ndiye ngwazi yolamulira yaku US Open. Ndiye mkazi woyamba waku Britain kupambana mutu wa Grand Slam kuyambira Virginia Wade mu 1977 Wimbledon Championships ndipo woyamba kupambana US Open m'mayimbidwe kuyambira Wade mu 1968. 
+
+Raducanu adabadwira ku Toronto kwa amayi achi China komanso abambo aku Romanian, ndipo adaleredwa ku London. Raducanu adamupanga WTA Tour kuwonekera koyamba mu June 2021. Monga khadi yakutchire yomwe idakhala panja pa 300 apamwamba ku Wimbledon, adafika gawo lachinayi pampikisano wake woyamba. Ku US Open patatha miyezi iwiri, Raducanu adakhala woyamba kulowa mu Open Era kuti apambane mutu wa Grand Slam, akumenya Leylah Fernandez komaliza.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana, maphunziro, komanso moyo wamwini 
+Emma Raducanu adabadwa pa 13 Novembala 2002 ku Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Abambo ake adachokera ku Bucharest, Romania, pomwe amayi ake amachokera ku Shenyang, China. Adakumbukira makolo ake "onse adachokera m'mabanja ophunzira kwambiri ... [m'maiko achikomyunizimu maphunziro anali mtundu wawo wokhawo". Iye ndi banja lake anasamukira ku England ali ndi zaka ziwiri. Raducanu adayamba kusewera tenisi ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anapita ku Bickley Primary School kutsatiridwa ndi Newstead Wood School, sukulu yosankha galamala ku Orpington, komwe adalandira A * masamu ndi A mu economics mu A-Levels ake. Ali mwana, adachita nawo masewera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo basketball, gofu, karting, motocross, skiing, kukwera mahatchi, ndi ballet. Ndiwokonda Formula One.
+
+Raducanu ali nzika zaku Britain komanso Canada. Amalankhula Chimandarini, amawonera makanema apa TV aku Taiwan, ndipo amakonda zakudya zaku Romania, mothandizidwa ndi agogo ake aakazi ku Bucharest. Amalankhulanso Chiromani, chomwe amalankhula ndi agogo ake aakazi ku Romania.
+
+Raducanu akuti malingaliro ake ndi machitidwe ake ndi omwe amamutengera, osewera tenesi Simona Halep ndi Li Na (ochokera kumayiko a makolo ake).
+
+Zolemba 
+
+2002 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+William IV (William Henry; 21 Ogasiti 1765 - 20 Juni 1837) anali Mfumu ya United Kingdom ya Great Britain ndi Ireland komanso King of Hanover kuyambira 26 June 1830 mpaka kumwalira kwake mu 1837. Mwana wachitatu wa George III, William adalowa m'malo mwa mkulu wake m'bale George IV, kukhala mfumu yomaliza komanso mfumu yomaliza ya Nyumba yaku Britain ya Hanover.
+
+William adatumikira ku Royal Navy ali mwana, amakhala ku North America ndi ku Caribbean, ndipo pambuyo pake adatchedwa "Sailor King". Mu 1789, adapangidwa Duke wa Clarence ndi St Andrews. Mu 1827, adasankhidwa kukhala Lord High Admiral waku Britain kuyambira 1709. Akulu ake awiri atamwalira osasiya zifukwa zomveka, adalandira mpando wachifumu ali ndi zaka 64. Mu ulamuliro wake padasinthidwa zambiri: malamulo osavomerezeka adasinthidwa, kuletsedwa kwa ana kuletsedwa, ukapolo udathetsedwa pafupifupi mu Britain, komanso zisankho zaku Britain zidasinthidwa ndi Reform Act 1832. Ngakhale William sanalowerere ndale mofanana ndi mchimwene wake kapena abambo ake, ndiye anali mfumu yomaliza yaku Britain kusankha nduna yayikulu yosemphana ndi zofuna za Nyumba Yamalamulo. Anapatsa ufumu wake waku Germany malamulo osakhalitsa owolowa manja.
+
+Panthawi yomwe amwalira, William analibe ana ovomerezeka, koma anapulumuka ndi ana asanu ndi atatu mwa apathengo omwe anali nawo ndi Dorothea Jordan, yemwe adakhala naye zaka makumi awiri. Chakumapeto kwa moyo, adakwatirana ndipo zikuwoneka kuti adakhalabe wokhulupirika kwa Mfumukazi Adelaide waku Saxe-Meiningen. William adalowa m'malo mwa mchimwene wake Victoria ku United Kingdom ndi mchimwene wake Ernest Augustus ku Hanover..
+
+Kulamulira
+
+Ulamuliro woyambirira 
+Pamene King George IV amwalira pa 26 June 1830 osapulumuka vuto, William adalowa m'malo mwa King William IV. Ali ndi zaka 64, anali munthu wachikulire kwambiri asanakhale pampando wachifumu waku Britain. Mosiyana ndi mchimwene wake wamatama, William anali wopanda ulemu, wokhumudwitsa komanso wokondwerera. Mosiyana ndi George IV, yemwe amakhala nthawi yayitali ku Windsor Castle, William amadziwika, makamaka koyambirira kwa ulamuliro wake, kuyenda, osayenda limodzi, kudutsa London kapena Brighton. Mpaka Zovuta Zosintha zitasokoneza mayimidwe ake, anali wodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu, omwe amamuwona kuti ndi wofikirika komanso wotsika kuposa m'bale wake.
+
+Nthawi yomweyo a King adatsimikizira kuti ndi wakhama pantchito. Prime Minister, Wellington, adanena kuti adachita bizinesi yambiri ndi a King William m'mphindi khumi kuposa zomwe adachita ndi George IV m'masiku ambiri. A Lord Brougham adamufotokoza kuti anali munthu wabwino kwambiri, akumafunsa mafunso okwanira kuti amuthandize kumvetsetsa nkhaniyi - pomwe George IV adaopa kufunsa mafunso kuwopa kuti angawonetse kusazindikira kwake ndipo George III angafunse ambiri osadikirira kuti amuyankhe.
+
+Mfumuyo idachita zonse zotheka kuti anthu amukonde. A Charlotte Williams-Wynn adangolemba kumene atangolowa ufumu: "Pakadali pano a King anali osatopa pakuyesera kuti adzipangitse kutchuka, ndikupanga zinthu zabwino komanso zabwino nthawi zonse." Emily Eden anati: "Ndiwosintha kwambiri nyama yotsiriza yosakhululuka, yomwe idamwalira ikulira mosasamala m'phanga lake ku Windsor. Munthuyu akufuna kuti aliyense asangalale, ndipo zonse zomwe wachita zakhala zabwino." 
+
+William adachotsa oyang'anira achifwamba achi French komanso gulu lachijeremani, ndikuwasintha achingerezi kuti avomereze anthu. Adapereka zojambula zambiri za George IV kudziko ndikuchepetsa theka lachifumu. George anali atayamba kukonzanso kwakukulu (komanso kotsika mtengo) ku Buckingham Palace; William anakana kukhala komweko, ndipo kawiri anayesera kupatsa nyumba yachifumuyo, kamodzi kwa Asitikali ngati nyumba, ndipo kamodzi ku Nyumba Yamalamulo Nyumba Zanyumba Zanyumba zitatenthedwa mu 1834. ku Brighton, a King William amatumiza ku mahotela kuti akapeze mndandanda wa alendo awo ndikuyitanitsa aliyense amene amawadziwa kuti adzadye nawo chakudya chamadzulo, kuwalimbikitsa alendo kuti "asavutike ndi zovala. Mfumukazi imangopanga kanthu koma kukometsa maluwa atadya." 
+
+Atatenga mpando wachifumu, William sanaiwale ana ake apathengo asanu ndi anayi omwe adatsala, ndikupanga mwana wawo wamwamuna wamkulu Earl wa Munster ndikupatsa ana enawo kutsogozedwa ndi mwana wamkazi kapena wamwamuna wam'mbuyomu. Ngakhale izi, ana ake amatenga mwayi wopeza mwayi wochulukirapo, zonyansa zomwe atolankhani adatinso "kupusa ndi nkhanza za FitzJordans sizitsanzo". Ubale pakati pa William ndi ana ake "udasokonekera chifukwa cha nkhanza zingapo ndipo, kwa King, mikangano yopweteka" yokhudza ndalama ndi ulemu. Ana ake aakazi, mbali inayi, adatsimikizira kukongola kwa bwalo lake, monga, "Onsewo, mukudziwa, ndiwokongola komanso okangalika, ndikupanga gulu munjira yomwe mafumu enieni sakanatha."
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+1765 kubadwa
+1837 imfa
+Mdierekezi wa ku Tasmania kapena Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) ndi marsupial wokonda kudya banja la Dasyuridae. Mpaka posachedwa, amangopezeka pachilumba cha Tasmania, koma adabwezeretsedwanso ku New South Wales kumtunda kwa Australia, komwe kuli ndi ochepa oweta. Kukula kwa galu wamng'ono, satana waku Tasmania adakhala marsupial wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kutsatira kutha kwa thylacine mu 1936. Amakhudzana ndi ma quolls, komanso kutalika kwambiri ndi thylacine. Amadziwika ndi mamangidwe ake olimba komanso aminyewa, ubweya wakuda, fungo lonunkhira, phokoso lokwera kwambiri komanso losokoneza, kununkhiza, komanso kuwopsa mukamadyetsa. Mutu ndi khosi lalikulu la mdierekezi wa Tasmanian zimaloleza kuti zibalitse pakati pa zowawa zamphamvu kwambiri pagulu limodzi la nyama zomwe zilipo. Imasaka nyama zomwe zimadya.
+
+Ngakhale ziwanda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhazokha, nthawi zina zimadya ndikudziyimbira limodzi pagulu. Mosiyana ndi ma dasyurid ena ambiri, mdierekezi amawotcha bwino ndipo amakhala akugwira ntchito masana osatentha kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti imawoneka bwino, imatha kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kupirira ndipo imatha kukwera mitengo ndikusambira mitsinje. Ziwanda sizikhala ndi mkazi mmodzi. Amuna amamenyera akazi ndipo amateteza anzawo kuti apewe kusakhulupirika kwa akazi. Amayi amatha kutulutsa katatu m'milungu yochulukirapo nthawi yakumasirana, ndipo 80% ya akazi azaka ziwiri amawoneka kuti ali ndi pakati m'nyengo yokomerako pachaka.
+
+Zolemba  zakunja
+
+Maulalo akunja 
+
+ Parks and Wildlife Tasmania – Tasmanian Devil – vocalisation, movie, FAQ
+ Save the Tasmanian Devil – Tasmanian government conservation program
+ View the Tasmanian devil genome in Ensembl
+ 
+ The Aussie Devil Ark Conservation Project
+
+Marsupials aku Australia
+Tenisi ndimasewera olimbirana omwe amatha kuseweredwa motsutsana ndi mdani m'modzi (osakwatira) kapena pakati pamagulu awiri a osewera awiri aliyense (awirikiza). Wosewera aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito chikwama cha tenisi chomwe chimamangidwa ndi chingwe kuti amenyetse mpira wa mphira wokutira wokutidwa kapena womangirira ukonde komanso kubwalo la wotsutsana. Cholinga cha masewerawa ndikuyendetsa mpira m'njira yoti mdani sangathe kusewera bwino. Wosewerayo yemwe sangabwezeretse mpira sangapezepo mfundo, pomwe wosewera wina atero.
+
+Tenesi ndi masewera a Olimpiki ndipo amasewera m'magulu onse azikhalidwe komanso mibadwo yonse. Masewerawa amatha kuseweredwa ndi aliyense amene angathe kugwira chomenyera, kuphatikiza ogwiritsa ntchito olumala. Masewera amakono a tenisi adachokera ku Birmingham, England, kumapeto kwa zaka za 19th ngati tenisi ya udzu. Idali yolumikizana kwambiri ndimasewera osiyanasiyana (udzu) monga ma croquet ndi mbale komanso masewera achikulire omwe masiku ano amatchedwa tenisi weniweni. M'zaka zambiri za m'ma 1800, mawu akuti tenisi amatanthauza tenisi weniweni, osati tenisi ya udzu.
+
+Malamulo a tenisi amakono asintha pang'ono kuyambira ma 1890. Kupatula kwina ndikuti kuyambira 1908 mpaka 1961 seva idayenera kuponda phazi limodzi nthawi zonse, ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa tiebreak m'ma 1970. Zowonjezera zaposachedwa pa tenisi yaukadaulo ndikukhazikitsidwa kwa ukadaulo wowerengera zamagetsi wophatikizidwa ndi dongosolo lazovuta, lomwe limalola wosewera kuti athe kutsutsana ndi mayitanidwe amawu, omwe amadziwika kuti Hawk-Eye.
+
+Tenesi imaseweredwa ndi osewera mamiliyoni ambiri osangalatsanso ndimasewera odziwika apadziko lonse lapansi. Masewera anayi a Grand Slam (omwe amatchedwanso Majors) ndi otchuka kwambiri: Australia Open idasewera m'makhothi olimba, French Open idasewera m'makhothi ofiira ofiira, Wimbledon idasewera m'makhothi audzu, ndipo US Open idaseweranso makhothi olimba.
+
+Makhalidwe osewerera 
+
+Tenesi imaseweredwa pamakona anayi, osanja. Bwaloli ndi 78 mapazi (23.77 m) kutalika, ndi 27 (8.2 m) mulifupi pamasewera a single ndi 36 ft (11 m) pamasewera awiri. Malo owonjezera owonekera mozungulira khothi amafunikira kuti osewera azitha kufinya mipira. Khoka limatambasulidwa m'lifupi monse mwa bwaloli, mofanana ndi zigawo zapansi, ndikugawa magawo awiri ofanana. Imakwezedwa ndi chingwe kapena chingwe chachitsulo chosaposa 0.8 cm (1⁄3 mkati). Ukondewo ndi mainchesi 3 mainchesi 6 (1.07 m) kutalika pazitali ndi mamita 3 (0.91 m) kutalika pakati. Maukondewo amakhala 3 mita (0.91 m) kunja kwa khothi lowirikiza mbali zonse kapena, kwa ukonde umodzi, 3 feet (0.91 m) kunja kwa bwalo la single mbali zonse.
+
+Khothi lamakono la tenisi liyenera kupangidwa ndi a Major Walter Clopton Wingfield. Mu 1873, Wingfield adasainira khothi lofanana kwambiri ndi lomwe alipano pa stické tenisi yake (sphairistike). Tsambali lidasinthidwa mu 1875 pamapangidwe amilandu omwe alipo masiku ano, okhala ndi zolemba zofanana ndi zomwe Wingfield adachita, koma mawonekedwe a khothi lake adasinthidwa kukhala rectangle.
+
+Khothi la Tenesi ku Petäjävesi, Finland
+
+Tenesi ndi yachilendo chifukwa imaseweredwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Udzu, dongo, ndi makhothi olimba a konkire kapena asphalt okhala ndi akiliriki ndizofala kwambiri. Nthawi zina makalapeti amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitira m'nyumba, pomwe pansi pake pamakhala zolimba. Milandu yamakina opangira amatha kupezekanso.
+
+Mizere 
+Mizere yomwe imalongosola m'lifupi mwa bwaloli amatchedwa maziko (kumbuyo kwenikweni) ndi mzere wothandizira (pakati pa khothi). Chizindikiro chazifupi pakati pazoyambira chilichonse chimatchedwa kuti hashi kapena pakati. Mizere yakunja yomwe imapanga kutalika amatchedwa mbali ziwiri; ndiwo malire amasewera awiri. Mizere mpaka mkatikati mwa mawiriwo ndi amodzi okhaokha ndipo ndi malire amasewera osasewera. Dera lomwe lili pakati pamzere wapakati komanso loyandikira pafupi kwambiri limatchedwa mayendedwe awiri, omwe amatha kusewera m'masewera awiri. Mzere womwe umadutsa pakatikati pa wosewera wosewerayo umatchedwa mzere wothandizira chifukwa ntchitoyo imayenera kuperekedwa kudera lomwe lili pakati pa mzere wothandizira ndi ukonde womwe umalandira. Ngakhale lili ndi dzina, apa si pomwe wosewera mwalamulo amaima movomerezeka.
+
+Mzere wogawaniza mzere wawiri umatchedwa pakati kapena mzere wothandizira pakati. Mabokosi omwe mzerewu umapanga amatchedwa mabokosi azithandizo; kutengera momwe wosewera aliri, akuyenera kuti amenyetse mpira mu imodzi mwazomwe akutumikira. Mpira umatuluka pokhapokha ngati palibe imodzi yomwe yagunda malowa mkati mwa mizere, kapena mzere, pakangoyamba kumene. Mizere yonse imayenera kukhala pakati pa mainchesi 1 ndi 2 (25 ndi 51 mm) m'lifupi, kupatula mzere woyambira womwe ungakhale mpaka mainchesi 4 (100 mm), ngakhale pakuchita nthawi zambiri umakhala wofanana ena.
+
+Sewerani mfundo imodzi 
+
+Osewera kapena magulu amayamba mbali zotsutsana ndi ukondewo. Wosewera m'modzi amatchedwa seva, ndipo wosewera yemwe akutsutsana ndi amene amalandila. Kusankha kukhala seva kapena wolandila pamasewera oyamba ndikusankha malekezero kumasankhidwa ndi kuponyera ndalama kusanachitike kutentha. Ntchito imasinthana masewera ndi masewera pakati pa osewera awiri kapena magulu. Pa mfundo iliyonse, seva imayambira kuseri kwa maziko, pakati pa chikwangwani chapakati ndi mzere. Wolandila amayamba kulikonse kumbali yawo yaukonde. Wolandirayo akakhala wokonzeka, seva imagwira ntchito, ngakhale wolandirayo akuyenera kusewera pamaseweredwe a sevayo.
+
+Kuti ntchito ikhale yovomerezeka, mpira uyenera kuyenda pamwamba pa ukondewo osakhudza bokosi loyang'ana mozungulira. Ngati mpira wagunda ukondewo koma umakhala mu bokosi lautumiki, iyi ndi ntchito yolola kapena yopanda ntchito, yomwe ilibe kanthu, ndipo seva imabwezeretsanso zomwe zimatumikira. Wosewerayo atha kutumizirako ntchito zingapo ndipo nthawi zonse amamuwona ngati wopanda pake osati zolakwika. Cholakwika ndikutumizira komwe kumagwera motalika kapena mulitali mwa bokosi lazantchito, kapena sikukonza ukonde. Palinso "vuto lamapazi" pomwe phazi la wosewera mpira limakhudza momwe zakhalira kapena kukulitsa chizindikiro chapakati mpira usanagundidwe. Ngati ntchito yachiwiri, pambuyo pa cholakwika, ilinso vuto, seva imalakwitsa kawiri, ndipo wolandirayo amapambana mfundoyi. Komabe, ngati ntchitoyi ili mkati, imawonedwa ngati ntchito yalamulo.
+
+Ntchito yalamulo imayamba msonkhano, pomwe osewera amasinthana mpira. Kubwerera mwalamulo kumakhala ndi wosewera yemwe akumenya mpira kuti ugwere m'bwalo la seva, asanagundike kawiri kapena kugunda masewera aliwonse kupatula ukonde. Wosewera kapena timu sangathe kumenya mpira kawiri motsatira. Bwalo liyenera kuyenda mozungulira kapena kuzungulira ukonde kubwalo la osewera enawo. Mpira womwe umagunda ukonde pamsonkhano umawerengedwa kuti ukubwerera mwalamulo bola utadutsa mbali yina ya khothi. Wosewera woyamba kapena timu yomwe yalephera kubwezera mwalamulo amataya mfundo. Sevayo imasunthira mbali inayo ya mzere wothandizira kumayambiriro kwa mfundo yatsopano.
+
+Kugoletsa
+
+Masewera, khazikitsani, fanani
+
+Masewera 
+Masewera amakhala ndi mndandanda wa mfundo zomwe zimaseweredwa ndi wosewera yemweyo akutumikira. Masewera amapambanidwa ndi wosewera woyamba kuti apambane osachepera mfundo zinayi kwathunthu osachepera mfundo ziwiri kuposa wotsutsana naye. Mapikisano othamanga pamasewera aliwonse amafotokozedwa m'njira yodziwika ndi tenisi: zambiri kuchokera pa zero mpaka pa mfundo zitatu zimatchedwa "chikondi", "15", "30", ndi "40", motsatana. Ngati wosewera aliyense wapata mfundo zitatu, zomwe zimapangitsa wosewerayo kukhala wofanana ndi 40 imodzi, malowo samatchedwa "40-40", koma "deuce". Ngati osachepera atatu atoleza ndi mbali iliyonse ndipo wosewera ali ndi mfundo imodzi kuposa yemwe amamutsutsa, kuchuluka kwa masewerawa ndi "mwayi" kwa wosewera yemwe akutsogolera. Pakati pamasewera osalongosoka, mwayi amathanso kutchedwa "kulengeza mu" kapena "van mu" pomwe wosewera akutsogola, komanso "kutsatsa" kapena "kutuluka" wosewera wolandila ali patsogolo; Kapenanso, wosewera aliyense atha kungoyitana "malonda anga" kapena "malonda anu" mukamasewera mwamwayi. Zolemba pamasewera a tenisi pamasewera nthawi zonse zimawerengedwa ndi mphambu ya wosewera woyamba. M'masewero ampikisano, woyimbira wampando amatcha kuwerengera kwa mfundo (mwachitsanzo, "15-chikondi") pambuyo pa mfundo iliyonse. Pamapeto pa masewerawa, woyimbira pampando adalengezanso wopambana masewerawo ndi zigoli zonse.
+
+Khazikitsani 
+Seti ili ndi mndandanda wamasewera omwe amaseweredwa ndi ntchito yosinthana pakati pamasewera, kutha pomwe kuchuluka kwa masewera omwe apambana amakwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Nthawi zambiri, wosewera amapambana masewerawa pakupambana masewera osachepera asanu ndi limodzi komanso osachepera awiri kuposa wopikisana naye. Ngati wosewera m'modzi wapambana masewera asanu ndi mmodzi ndipo wotsutsa asanu, masewera ena amasewera. Ngati wosewera akutsogola apambana masewerawa, wosewerayo apambana seti ya 7-5. Ngati wosewerayo apambana masewerawa (akumangiriza seti 6-6) tayi-break imasewera. T-break-break, yomwe imaseweredwa pansi pa malamulo osiyana, imalola wosewera m'modzi kuti apambane masewera ena ndipo potero, kuti apereke mphambu womaliza wa 7-6. "Chikondi" chimatanthawuza kuti wotaya seti adapambana masewera a zero, omwe amatchedwa "jam donut" ku US. M'masewera ampikisano, woyang'anira wapampando alengeza wopambana pamndandandawo komanso zigoli zonse. Mapeto omaliza amawerengedwa ndi woyamba wosewera woyamba, mwachitsanzo. "6-2, 4-6, 6-0, 7-5".
+
+Fanani 
+Masewera ali ndi magawo angapo. Zotsatira zimatsimikizika kudzera pamakina atatu kapena asanu. Pa dera la akatswiri, amuna amasewera masewera asanu mwa asanu pamipikisano yonse ya Grand Slam, Davis Cup, komanso komaliza pa Masewera a Olimpiki ndi machesi apamwamba atatu pamasewera ena onse, pomwe azimayi amasewera bwino kwambiri -masewera atatu osankhidwa pamasewera onse. Wosewera woyamba kupambana maseti awiri pamipikisano itatu, kapena atatu mwa asanu-asanu, amapambana masewerawo. Mumasewera omaliza okha ku French Open, Masewera a Olimpiki, ndi Fed Cup ndiomwe tiebreaks sanaseweredwe. Pakadali pano, ma seti amasewera mpaka kalekale mpaka wosewera m'modzi atsogoza masewera awiri, nthawi zina amatsogolera kumasewera ena ataliatali.
+
+M'maseweredwe ampikisano, wampando wapampando alengeza kutha kwa masewerawa ndi mawu odziwika bwino "Game, set, match" otsatiridwa ndi dzina la wopambana kapena timuyo.
+
+Akuluakulu 
+
+M'masewero ambiri ampikisano komanso mpikisano winawake wamasewera, pamakhala woweruza wamkulu woweruza kapena wapampando wampando (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa umpire), yemwe amakhala pampando wokwera mbali imodzi yamakhothi. Woyimbirayo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kutsimikizira zowona. Woweruzayo atha kuthandizidwa ndi oweruza, omwe amawona ngati mpira wagwera mkati mwa bwalo lamilandu komanso omwe amatcha zolakwika pamapazi. Pakhoza kukhalanso woweruza waukonde yemwe amawona ngati mpira wakhudza ukondewo pantchito. Woyimbirayo ali ndi ufulu wopitilira woweruza kapena woweruza ngati wotsimikizirayo walakwitsa.
+
+M'mapikisano am'mbuyomu, oweruza omwe amayitanitsa kutumikirako nthawi zina amathandizidwa ndi masensa amagetsi omwe amalira kuti asonyeze kutumizidwa kunja; imodzi mwa makina oterewa amatchedwa "Cyclops". Kuyambira pamenepo ma cyclops adasinthidwa ndi makina a Hawk-Eye. M'mipikisano yapaukadaulo yogwiritsa ntchito makinawa, osewera amaloledwa kupempha katatu kosapambana, kuphatikiza pempholi limodzi kuti tiwatsutse mafoni oyandikira kudzera pakuwunikanso pakompyuta. US Open, Miami Masters, US Open Series, ndi World Team Tennis adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yovutayi mu 2006 ndipo Australia Open ndi Wimbledon adayambitsa njirayi mchaka cha 2007. M'masewera amkhothi adothi, monga ku French Open, mayitanidwe akhoza afunsidwe mafunso potengera chizindikiro chomwe chasiyidwa ndi zomwe mpira udachita pabwalo.
+
+Woyimira milandu, yemwe nthawi zambiri samakhala kubwalo lamilandu, ndiye womaliza pamalamulo a tenisi. Akaitanidwa kubwalo lamilandu ndi wosewera kapena woyang'anira timu, woweruzayo atha kusintha lingaliro la woweruzayo ngati malamulo a tenisi aphwanyidwa (funso lamalamulo) koma sangasinthe lingaliro la woweruzayo pankhani yokhudza. Ngati, komabe, woweruzayo ali kukhothi pamasewera, woweruzayo atha kupikisana ndi chisankho cha woweruzayo. (Izi zitha kuchitika pamasewera a Davis Cup kapena Fed Cup, osati pagulu la World Group, pomwe wowongolera pampando ochokera kudziko lomwe sililoledwa ali pampando).
+
+Anyamata ndi atsikana a mpira atha kulembedwa ntchito kuti atenge mipira, kuwapatsira osewerayo, ndikupatsa osewera matawulo awo. Alibe udindo woweruza. Muzochitika zosowa (mwachitsanzo, ngati apwetekedwa kapena ngati ayambitsa chopinga), woyimbirayo angawafunse kuti anene zomwe zachitika. Woyimbirayo angaganizire zonena zawo popanga chisankho. M'mapikisano ena, makamaka mipikisano yaying'ono, osewera amapanga mafoni awo, kudalirana kuti akhale achilungamo. Izi ndizochitika pamasewera ambiri pasukulu komanso kuyunivesite. Woyimira milandu kapena wothandizira, komabe, atha kuyitanidwa kukhothi pempho la wosewera, ndipo woyimbira kapena wothandizira angasinthe mayitanidwe a wosewera. M'masewera osakwaniritsidwa, mpira umatulutsidwa pokhapokha ngati wosewerayo ali ndi ufulu woimbira foni atsimikiza kuti mpira wachotsedwa.
+
+Kuwerenga kwina 
+
+ Barrett, John. Wimbledon: The Official History of the Championships (HarperCollins, 2001) 
+ Collins, Bud. History of Tennis – An Authoritative Encyclopedia and Record Book (New Chapter Press, 2010) 
+ Danzig, Allison and Peter Schwed (ed.). The Fireside Book of Tennis (Simon & Schuster, 1972) 
+ Doherty, Reginald Frank. R.F. and H.L. Doherty – On Lawn Tennis (Kessinger Publishing, 2010) 
+ Dwight, Eleanor. Tie Breaker – Jimmy Van Alen and Tennis in the 20th century (Scala Books, 2010) 
+ Gillmeister, Heiner. Tennis: A Cultural History (Continuum, 1998) 
+ Grimsley, Will. Tennis – Its History, People and Events (Prentice-Hall, 1971) 
+ King, Billie Jean and Starr, Cynthia. We Have Come a Long Way (McGraw-Hill, 1998) 
+ Whitman, Malcolm D. Tennis – Origins and Mysteries (Dover Publications, 2004)
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+Tenesi
+Imfa zotsatirazi zidachitika mu 2021. Mayina amafotokozedwera patsiku lomwe amwalira, motsatira zilembo monga momwe zalembedwera WP: NAMESORT. Zomwe zimalowetsedwa zimafotokoza izi motere: Dzinalo, zaka, dziko lokhalamo nzika pakubadwa, utundu wotsatira (ngati kuli kotheka), mutu uti womwe udadziwika, chifukwa chaimfa (ngati ikudziwika), ndi kutchulidwa.
+
+Maulalo akunja 
+
+ The Guardian (UK) obituaries
+ The Telegraph (UK) obituaries
+ Obituaries, Chicago Tribune
+ Obituaries, Los Angeles Times
+ The New York Times, obituaries
+ The Washington Post obituaries
+ The Sydney Morning Herald (Australia) obituaries
+
+2021
+2021 imfa
+Orbital spaceflight (kapena yoyenda mozungulira) ndiwuluka mumlengalenga momwe ndege yoyika ndege imayikidwa pamsewu pomwe imatha kukhala m'malo pang'ono. Kuti muchite izi padziko lonse lapansi, ziyenera kukhala pamsewu waulere womwe umakhala pamwamba perigee (kutalika kwambiri) pafupi ma 80 kilomita (50 mi); Awa ndi malire amlengalenga malinga ndi NASA, US Air Force ndi FAA. Kuti mukhalebe mumsewu pamtundawu pamafunika liwiro lozungulira ~ 7.8 km / s. Kuthamanga kwa Orbital kumachedwa pang'onopang'ono mozungulira, koma kuti mufike pamafunika delta-v yayikulu. Fédération Aéronautique Internationale yakhazikitsa mzere wa Kármán pamtunda wa 100 km (62 mi) ngati tanthauzo logwira ntchito pamalire pakati pa aeronautics ndi astronautics. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa pamtunda wa pafupifupi 100 km (62 mi), monga Theodore von Kármán adawerengera, galimoto imayenera kuyenda mwachangu kuposa liwiro la orbital kuti ikweze okwanira mlengalenga mlengalenga kuti izitha kudzisamalira.
+
+Chifukwa chakokoka kwamlengalenga, malo otsika kwambiri pomwe chinthu chozungulira mozungulira chimatha kumaliza kusintha kamodzi popanda kuyendetsedwa ndi pafupifupi ma kilomita 150 (93 mi).
+
+Mawu oti "ndege yozungulira yozungulira" imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa ndi kuwuluka kwakanthawi kochepa, komwe ndi ndege komwe woponyera ndege amafika mlengalenga, koma wothamangayo amakhala wotsika kwambiri.
+
+Zolemba
+Kufufuza kwamatauni, kofupikitsidwa kukhala urbex (kuchokera ku Chingerezi kufufuzira kwamatauni), ndichizolowezi choyendera  malo omwe anthu asiya. Nicolas Offenstadt amatanthauzira izi ngati "ulendo wosaloledwa komanso nthawi zambiri wopanda phindu kumadera osiyidwa kapena osiyidwa". Ili ndi mfundo zake, kwa ena "malamulo" enieni a Urbex, omwe amayesetsa kuteteza malowa ndikuwateteza momwe angathere (mwazinthu zina, pobisa ma adilesi amalo - dzina lotchulidwira malo osiyidwa - pofuna kupewa kukopa akuba kapena akuba). 
+
+Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kuyendera malo obisika kapena ovuta kufikako, monga nyumba zikuluzikulu, masukulu, nyumba zosungiramo anthu, zipatala kapena malo osungira anthu odwala, etc. Nthawi zina, mchitidwewu umafika m'malo oletsedwa monga ma tunnel metro, manda a manda ndi madenga (nsonga zanyumba, zipilala, ndi zina zambiri). Chifukwa chake imabweretsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana zotchedwa "mobisa" monga "cataphilia", "rooflifting", ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi masewera ena monga kukwera kapena gofu. Wofufuza m'matawuni amatchulidwa kwambiri ndi neologism urbexeur. Mchitidwewu unafalikira mwachangu ndikubwera kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti komanso makanema apa kanema, makamaka chifukwa cha YouTube. 
+
+Masiku ano Urbex imasandulika m'malo ena kukhala "kuwononga zokopa alendo" komwe oyendetsa maulendo amayang'anira kuyendera malo osiyidwa, ku Berlin, Görlitz kapena Detroit.
+
+Kupereka 
+Kufufuza kwamatauni, kwenikweni, kumatanthawuza mchitidwe wosonkhanitsa deta m'malo am'mizinda, osiyidwa yonse kapena nthawi, kuti muwapeze ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito. Ntchitoyi, ngakhale ndichinsinsi komanso yochitidwa popanda chilolezo cha eni eni, ndi yoletsedwa ku France kokha ndi malamulo, oyang'anira masheya, kapena malamulo amkati mwa mabungwe ena. Zitsanzo za ntchitoyi ndizosowa ndipo sizidziwika kwenikweni, pazifukwa zomveka zogwirizana ndi zochitika zilizonse zobisika. Titha kunenanso za UX kapena Urban eXperiment, yomwe kufufuza kwawo m'matauni, kwenikweni, kunali koyambirira koyambirira kwa ma 1980s.
+
+Mophiphiritsira, mawuwa amachokera kukutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa mayendedwe a m'tawuni opangidwa ndi Ninjalicious mzaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo amatanthauza zochitika zomwe zimachitika m'malo ochezera, osiyidwa kapena ayi, komanso oletsedwa kufikira, kapena ovuta kupeza. Mawu awa adatchuka mdziko la cataphile kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, kudzera muma TV. Ikuwonetsa kuyambika kwa kusiyanasiyana kwaulendo wopita kumtunda ku Paris. Wofufuza m'matawuni amayamikira malo okhala okha panja pa malo ochitira ndi njira zopangidwira motero, chifukwa ena amakhalanso chete komwe munthu amapezako: chifukwa chake, ulendo wowongoleredwa wa nave wa tchalitchi chachikulu udzasinthidwa. , mafakitale omwe asiidwa amakhala malo osewerera, etc.
+
+Zakale, kufufuza m'matawuni mosamalitsa kwakhala ntchito yochitidwa ndi anthu kwazaka mazana ambiri, monga tingawonere kuchokera kumayendedwe ambiri "retros" m'mbiri ya zaluso, monga Egyptomania, kapena zojambula za nthawi ya Neo-Roman. kupita ku Chikondi, nthawi yomwe amayenda m'mabwinja achiroma ku Europe. Titha kunenanso za "maulendo" opitilira muyeso m'manda ndi manda ena monga zitsanzo zambiri zosonyeza kuti munthu adayamba kale kuyenda modzikweza yekha.
+
+Chiyambi 
+Mchitidwe woyendera malo osiyidwa ndi wakale. Idakula kwambiri ndi zochitika za deindustrialisation mzaka 1970-1990, makamaka ku Europe ndi United States. Koma mawu akuti Urbex ndi aposachedwa kwambiri ndipo amangofalikira mzaka za 2000. Amalumikizidwa ndi kuthekera kosinthana ndi kufalitsa zotsatira za maulendo ake kudzera pa intaneti, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange magulu achidwi. Ku France, dera la Paris ndilothandiza pantchitoyi (metro, malo ambiri omanga, mafakitale, zipatala ndi nyumba zina zomwe zasiyidwa, madenga a nyumba, zipilala, mobisa, ndi zina zambiri) ndipo zimachokera pagulu la cataphilia. Australia, United States ndi mayiko a Anglo-Saxon nawonso ali ndi madera ambiri othandiza.
+
+Chidwi cha ofufuza akumatauni 
+Kufufuza kwamatauni ndi njira zingapo, zolimbikitsa zomwe zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri. Kukoma kwaulendo ndi chinthu. Ena adzayang'ana m'mbiri yakale, akale ndi osiyidwa. Ma urbexeurs ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani za cholowa ndipo amaganiza kuti urbex, munthawi zina, imathandizira kusunga mbiri komanso kukumbukira masamba. Zimachitika kuti kuwunika kwamatawuni kumathandiza kupulumutsa kapena kupereka lipoti la zopereka zomwe zasiyidwa. Kwa ena, ikhala yolamulira mzinda wamakono ndi kumbuyo kwake. Zithunzi ndi makanema nawonso ndi chilimbikitso chachikulu. Magulu nthawi zambiri amapanga imodzi mwazochitikazi. Ku France kuposa kwina kulikonse, kutsogola kwa akatswiri ndi kwamphamvu kwambiri: ena amangopita kumanda amanda, ena amangotsala padenga kapena maulendo apansi panthaka. Masiku ano ofufuza za sayansi yamagulu amagwiritsa ntchito urbex m'malo osiyanasiyana, monga Judith Audin mozungulira chitukuko chamatauni aku China amakono. Msonkhano woyamba waku University kuzungulira Urbex udakonzedwa ndi Nicolas Offenstadt ku Sorbonne mu Okutobala 2018.
+Purezidenti wa People's Democratic Republic of Algeria ndiye mtsogoleri waboma komanso wamkulu wa Algeria, komanso wamkulu wa wamkulu wa Gulu Lankhondo Laku Algeria.
+
+Mbiri ya ofesi 
+Pulogalamu ya Tripoli, yomwe idakhala ngati malamulo aku Algeria pomwe idapambana nkhondo yake yodziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku France ku 1962, idakhazikitsa Purezidenti ngati mutu waboma ndi Prime Minister wothandizira magwiridwe antchito aboma. Kuyendetsa ndale kunachititsa kuti pakhale lamulo latsopano mu 1963 lomwe linathetsa udindo wa Prime Minister ndikupereka mphamvu zonse kuofesi ya Purezidenti. Kwa zaka makumi anayi zoyambira ufulu, boma limayang'aniridwa ngati chipani chimodzi ndi National Liberation Front kapena. Utsogoleri udachitidwa ndi mamembala angapo a FLN; Ahmed Ben Bella, Houari Boumédienne ndi Chadli Bendjedid. Malamulo omwe adalembedwa mu 1976 adasungabe mphamvu ya Purezidenti, koma kusintha kwa 1979 kudachotsa udindo wa boma ku ofesi.
+
+Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, panali ufulu ku boma la FLN. Komabe, pomwe Islamic Salvation Front idapambana zisankho zanyumba yamalamulo mu 1991, asitikali adakakamiza a Chadli Bendjedid kuti athetse nyumba yamalamulo ndikuchoka pa 11 Januware 1992. Asitikali adalengeza kuti ali pangozi ndikulanda boma la dzikolo, ndikupanga mamembala asanu Khonsolo Yaikulu Ya Boma. Khonsoloyi idasankha Purezidenti, a Muhammad Boudiaf, kuti atenge udindo wazaka zitatu kuti athe kubwerera kuchisankho chabungwe. Komabe, Boudiaf adaphedwa ndipo adalowa m'malo mwa Ali Kafi. Pakadali pano, dzikolo lidayamba kukhala nkhondo yapachiweniweni, pakati pa boma lankhondo ndi zigawenga zachisilamu. Kafi adasinthidwa mu 1994 ndi Liamine Zéroual, yemwe adayitanitsa chisankho choyamba mu 1995, ndikupambana nthawi yonse yazaka zisanu mosavuta pazisankho zotsutsana pomwe nkhondo yapachiweniweni ikupitilira. Adayitananso chisankho china choyambirira mu 1999, pomwe zigawenga zachisilamu zidaponderezedwa. Abdelaziz Bouteflika adapambana zisankhozi anthu ena atasiya. Adapambananso pa 8 Epulo 2004, pazisankho zomwe zidatsutsidwa, adapambananso mu 2009, osatsutsidwa, ndi 2014; adalengeza kuti apikisana nawo pachisankho chachisanu pachisankho chomwe chidachitika pa 18 Epulo 2019, koma, pa 2 Epulo 2019, adasiya ntchito nthawi yake isanamalize, chifukwa chokakamizidwa ndi asitikali atachita ziwonetsero.
+
+Malinga ndi Article 102 ya malamulo aku Algeria, a Abdelkader Bensalah, Purezidenti wa Council of the Nation, adakhala Purezidenti wadziko lino a Abdelaziz Bouteflika atasiya ntchito pa 2 Epulo 2019. Nthawi yake itha kukhala yopitilira masiku 90, mpaka zisankho, zomwe sanatenge nawo mbali, zinachitika.
+
+Purezidenti wapano ndi a Abdelmadjid Tebboune, omwe adapambana zisankho zaku Algeria ku 2019 pa 12 Disembala ndikuyamba ntchito pa 19 Disembala 2019.
+
+Zolemba zkunja 
+Purezidenti wa Algeria
+Wikimedia Commons (kapena Commons chabe) ndi malo osungira azithunzi ogwiritsa ntchito kwaulere, mawu, ma media ena, ndi mafayilo a JSON. Ndi ntchito ya Wikimedia Foundation. 
+
+Mafayilo ochokera ku Wikimedia Commons atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma projekiti onse a Wikimedia m'zilankhulo zonse, kuphatikiza Wikipedia, Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiquote, Wiktionary, Wikinews, Wikibooks, ndi Wikispecies, kapena kutsitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito pa intaneti. Kuyambira pa Marichi 2021, malowa ali ndi mafayilo azomangamanga opitilira 70 miliyoni, oyang'aniridwa ndi kusinthidwa ndi odzipereka olembetsa. Mu Julayi 2013, kuchuluka kwa zosintha pa Commons kudafika 100,000,000.
+
+Mbiri 
+Ntchitoyi idakonzedwa ndi Erik Möller mu Marichi 2004 ndipo idakhazikitsidwa pa Seputembara 7, 2004. Chofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malo osungira chapakati chinali chikhumbo chochepetsera kubwereza kuyesayesa kwa ntchito ndi zilankhulo za Wikimedia, momwe fayilo yomweyo iyenera kukhalira. zidakwezedwa kuma wikis osiyanasiyana padera Commons asanalengedwe.
+
+Ziwerengero zokhutira 
+
+ Novembara 30, 2006: Mafayilo 1 miliyoni 
+ September 2, 2009: Mafayilo 5 miliyoni 
+ Epulo 15, 2011: Mafayilo 10 miliyoni 
+ Disembala 4, 2012: Mafayilo 15 miliyoni 
+ July 14, 2013: 100,000,000 zosintha 
+ January 25, 2014: Mafayilo 20 miliyoni
+ January 13, 2016: Mafayilo 30 miliyoni 
+ June 21, 2017: Mafayilo atolankhani 40 miliyoni 
+ Ogasiti 7, 2018: Mafayilo azama media 50 miliyoni 
+ Marichi 18, 2020: Mafayilo atolankhani 60 miliyoni 
+ February 15, 2021: Mafayilo 70 miliyoni 
+ Zomwe zilipo: commons:Special:Statistics
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+MediaWiki websites
+Wikimedia projects
+Moyo wamoyo ndi ntchito yosonyeza zambiri zopanda moyo, zinthu wamba zomwe ndi zachilengedwe (chakudya, maluwa, nyama zakufa, zomera, miyala, zipolopolo, ndi zina zotero) kapena zopangidwa ndi anthu (kumwa magalasi, mabuku, mabasiketi, miyala yamtengo wapatali, ndalama, mapaipi, ndi zina zambiri).
+
+Kuyambira pachiyambi cha Middle Ages ndi luso lakale lachi Greek ndi Roma, kupaka utoto wamoyo kudakhala mtundu wosiyana ndi ukadaulo wazithunzi zakumadzulo chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16 ndipo udakhalabe wofunika kuyambira pamenepo. Ubwino umodzi wamapangidwe ojambulawo ndikuti amalola wojambula kukhala ndi ufulu wambiri woyeserera momwe zinthu zimapangidwira penti. Komabe, moyo, monga mtundu winawake, unayamba ndi zojambula za ku Netherlandish za m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17, ndipo mawu achi Chingerezi akuti life still amachokera ku liwu lachi Dutch ngakhale. Zojambula zoyambirira za moyo, makamaka chaka cha 1700 chisanafike, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zifaniziro zachipembedzo ndi zofanizira zokhudzana ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa. Pambuyo pake ntchito zamoyo zonse zimapangidwa ndi media zosiyanasiyana komanso ukadaulo, monga zinthu zomwe zapezeka, kujambula, zithunzi zamakompyuta, komanso kanema ndi mawu.
+
+Mawuwa akuphatikizaponso kujambula nyama zakufa, makamaka masewera. Zamoyo zimakhala ngati zojambula zanyama, ngakhale pakuchita zambiri zimapakidwa utoto kuchokera kumitundu yakufa. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zomera ndi zinyama ngati mutu, gawo la moyo lomwe limakhalapobe limagawana zofananira ndizofanizira komanso makamaka fanizo la botanical. Komabe, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lowoneka bwino kapena luso, sikuti amangofotokoza nkhaniyo molondola.
+
+Komabe, moyo unali m'malo otsika kwambiri amtundu wa mitundu koma wakhala wotchuka kwambiri ndi ogula. Komanso nkhani yodziyimira pawokha yodziyimira payokha, kujambula-moyo kumaphatikizanso mitundu ina ya utoto wokhala ndi zinthu zodziwika bwino zamoyo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zophiphiritsira, ndi "zithunzi zomwe zimadalira unyinji wazinthu zomwe zidakali ndi moyo kuti zibereke 'chidutswa cha moyo ". Chojambula cha trompe-l'œil, chomwe chimafuna kupusitsa wowonera kuti aganize kuti zochitikazo ndi zenizeni, ndi mtundu wina wamoyo wamoyo, womwe nthawi zambiri umawonetsa zinthu zopanda moyo komanso zosalala.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+
+ Berman, Greta. “Focus on Art”. The Juilliard Journal Online 18:6 (March 2003)
+ Ebert-Schifferer, Sybille. Still Life: A History, Harry N. Abrams, New York, 1998, 
+ Langmuir, Erica, Still Life, 2001, National Gallery (London), 
+ Michel, Marianne Roland. "Tapestries on Designs by Anne Vallayer-Coster." The Burlington Magazine 102: 692 (November 1960): i–ii
+ Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600–1800, Yale University Press, 1995, 
+ Vlieghe, Hans (1998). Flemish Art and Architecture, 1585–1700. Yale University Press Pelican history of art. New Haven: Yale University Press. 
+
+Netherlandish art
+Bézier curve (/ˈbɛz.i.eɪ/ BEH-zee-ay) ndi mphindikidwe wa parametric womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zamakompyuta ndi magawo ena ofanana. Ma curve, omwe ndi ofanana ndi a Bernstein polynomials, adatchulidwa ndi injiniya waku France a Pierre Bézier, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito mzaka za 1960 pakupanga ma curve a matupi a Renault magalimoto. Ntchito zina zimaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka zilembo zamakompyuta ndi makanema ojambula. Ma curve a Bézier amatha kuphatikizidwa kuti apange Bézier spline, kapena kupitilizidwa mpaka kukula kwake kuti apange malo a Bézier. Triangle ya Bézier ndi nkhani yapadera yomaliza.
+
+Pazithunzi za vekitala, ma curve a Bézier amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma curve osalala omwe amatha kupitilizidwa kwamuyaya. "Njira", monga momwe amatchulidwira nthawi zambiri pamapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, ndizophatikiza ma curve a Bézier olumikizidwa. Njira sizikhala zomangika pazithunzi zazithunzi ndipo ndizosintha.
+
+Ma curve a Bézier amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muulamuliro wa nthawi, makamaka makanema ojambula, kapangidwe kogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ndi kuwongolera njira yolozera m'maso olumikizidwa ndi maso. Mwachitsanzo, khomo la Bézier lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufotokozera kuthamanga kwa nthawi ya chinthu monga chithunzi chosuntha kuchokera ku A kupita ku B, m'malo mongosunthira pixels okhazikika pagawo lililonse. Makanema ojambula kapena opanga mawonekedwe akamalankhula za "fizikiki" kapena "kumva" kwa opareshoni, atha kukhala akunena za khonde la Bézier lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kuthamanga kwakanthawi kakusunthika komwe akukambirana.
+
+Izi zimakhudzanso ma robotic pomwe kuyenda kwa mkono wowotcherera, mwachitsanzo, kuyenera kukhala kosalala popewa kuvala kosafunikira.
+
+Zolemba 
+Curves
+Priscilla Horton, pambuyo pake Priscilla German Reed (2 Januware 1818 - 18 Marichi 1895), anali woyimba komanso wochita masewera wachingerezi, wodziwika ndi udindo wake ngati Ariel mu W. C. Macready wopanga The Tempest mu 1838 ndi "fairy" burlesque ku Covent Garden Theatre. Pambuyo pake, adadziwika, limodzi ndi amuna awo, a Thomas German Reed, pakukhazikitsa ndikuchita nawo zokomera mabanja a Reed Entertainments. Kumeneko, anali wothandizira W. S. Gilbert, ndipo machitidwe ake adalimbikitsa Gilbert kuti apange maudindo ena otchuka.
+Imfa 1895
+1818 kubadwa
+Mphepo Yamkuntho (kapena Mkuntho) ndimasewera a wolemba Chingerezi a William Shakespeare, omwe mwina adalemba mu 1610-1611, ndipo amaganiza kuti ndiimodzi mwamasewera omwe Shakespeare adalemba okha. Pambuyo powonekera koyamba, komwe kumachitika panyanja panyanja pakakhala namondwe, nkhani yonseyi ili pachilumba chakutali, komwe wamatsenga Prospero, wovuta komanso wotsutsana, amakhala ndi mwana wawo wamkazi Miranda, ndi antchito ake awiri -Caliban, munthu woopsa kwambiri, ndi Ariel, mzimu wouma. Masewerowa ali ndi nyimbo ndi nyimbo zomwe zimadzutsa mzimu wamatsenga pachilumbachi. Imafufuza mitu yambiri, kuphatikiza matsenga, kusakhulupirika, kubwezera, komanso banja. Mu Act IV, masque yaukwati imagwira ntchito ngati seweroli, ndipo imathandizira pakuwonetserako, kwaphiphiritso, komanso chilankhulo chokwera.
+
+Ngakhale Mphepo Yamkuntho yatchulidwa mu Folio Yoyamba ngati yoyamba mwa makanema a Shakespeare, imakhudza mitu yonse yomvetsa chisoni komanso yoseketsa, ndipo kutsutsa kwamakono kwakhazikitsa mtundu wachikondi pa izi komanso ena amasewera a Shakespeare. Mvula yamkuntho yatanthauziridwa mosiyanasiyana - kuchokera kwa omwe amawawona ngati nthano zaluso ndi chilengedwe, ndi Prospero woyimira Shakespeare, komanso Prospero akusiya matsenga osonyeza kuti Shakespeare apita kokasangalala, kutanthauzira komwe kumawona ngati fanizo la azungu olanda anthu akunja malo.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+
+ The Tempest at the British Library
+ The entire First Folio owned by Brandeis University at Internet Shakespeare Editions
+ The Tempest Navigator, including annotated text, line numbers, scene summaries, and text search
+ Printed introductory lecture on The Tempest by Ian Johnston of Malaspina-University College
+ Lesson plans for The Tempest at Web English Teacher
+ An original-spelling version (.doc format) of William Strachey's True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, hosted by Virtual Jamestown
+ Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Web Site
+
+Masewera 1611
+William Shakespeare (anabatiza. 26 Epulo 1564 - 23 Epulo 1616) anali wolemba masewero wachingerezi, wolemba ndakatulo, komanso wosewera, wodziwika kuti ndi wolemba wamkulu mchingerezi komanso wolemba zisudzo wamkulu padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wolemba ndakatulo waku England komanso "Bard wa Avon" (kapena kungoti "Bard"). Ntchito zake zomwe zidalipo, kuphatikiza maubwenzi, zili ndimasewera 39, ma soneti 154, ndakatulo zitatu zazitali, ndi mavesi ena ochepa, ena osadziwika kuti adalemba bwanji. Masewero ake adamasuliridwa m'zilankhulo zonse zazikulu ndipo amachitidwa pafupipafupi kuposa zamasewera ena onse. Amapitilizabe kuphunzira ndikutanthauzanso.
+
+Shakespeare adabadwira ku Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. Ali ndi zaka 18, anakwatira Anne Hathaway, yemwe anali ndi ana atatu: Susanna ndi mapasa Hamnet ndi Judith. Nthawi ina pakati pa 1585 ndi 1592, adayamba kuchita bwino ku London ngati wosewera, wolemba, komanso m'modzi mwa kampani yomwe idatchedwa Lord Chamberlain's Men, yomwe pambuyo pake imadziwika kuti King's Men. Ali ndi zaka 49 (cha m'ma 1613), akuwoneka kuti wapuma pantchito ku Stratford, komwe adamwalira patatha zaka zitatu. Zolemba zochepa za moyo wachinsinsi wa Shakespeare zidakalipo; izi zadzetsa mphekesera zambiri pazinthu monga mawonekedwe ake, kugonana kwake, zikhulupiriro zake zachipembedzo, komanso ngati ntchito zomwe adalemba zidalembedwa ndi ena..
+
+Shakespeare anatulutsa ntchito zake zodziwika bwino pakati pa 1589 ndi 1613. Masewera ake oyambilira anali ma comedies komanso mbiri yakale ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yopangidwa m'mitundu iyi. Kenako adalemba zovuta mpaka 1608, mwa iwo panali Hamlet, Romeo ndi Juliet, Othello, King Lear, ndi Macbeth, onse omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ena mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri m'Chingerezi. Mu gawo lomaliza la moyo wake, adalemba zovuta (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti zachikondi) ndipo adagwirizana ndi olemba ena.
+
+Masewera ambiri a Shakespeare adasindikizidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yolondola m'moyo wake. Komabe, mu 1623, osewera nawo awiri komanso abwenzi a Shakespeare, a John Heminges ndi a Henry Condell, adasindikiza mawu omveka bwino otchedwa First Folio, buku lomwe lidasankhidwa pambuyo pake atamwalira lomwe Shakespeare adachita kuphatikiza masewera ake onse koma awiri. Chiyambi chake chinali ndakatulo yodziwika bwino ya Ben Jonson yomwe idatamanda Shakespeare ndi epithet yotchuka kwambiri: "osati wazaka, koma kwanthawi zonse"
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zolemba zakunja
+Digital editions
+ Internet Shakespeare Editions
+ Folger Digital Texts
+ Open Source Shakespeare complete works, with search engine and concordance
+ First Four Folios at Miami University Library, digital collection
+ The Shakespeare Quartos Archive
+ Shakespeare's sonnets, poems, and texts at Poets.org
+
+Exhibitions
+ Shakespeare Documented an online exhibition documenting Shakespeare in his own time
+ Shakespeare's Will from The National Archives
+ Discovering Literature: Shakespeare at the British Library
+ The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust
+ William Shakespeare at the British Library
+
+Legacy and criticism
+ "Shakespeare and Literary Criticism", BBC Radio 4 discussion with Harold Bloom and Jacqueline Rose (In Our Time, 4 March 1999).
+ "Shakespeare's Work" BBC Radio 4 discussion with Frank Kermode, Michael Bagdanov and Germaine Greer (In Our Time, 11 May 2000).
+ "Shakespeare's Life", BBC Radio 4 discussion with Katherine Duncan-Jones, John Sutherland and Grace Ioppolo (In Our Time, 15 March 2001).
+ Records on Shakespeare's Theatre Legacy from the UK Parliamentary Collections
+ Winston Churchill & Shakespeare - UK Parliament Living Heritage
+
+Other links
+ Excavation finds early Shakespeare theatre  
+ Shakespeare's Words the online version of the best selling glossary and language companion
+ Shakespeare and Music
+
+1564 kubadwa
+1616 imfa
+Anne Hathaway (1556 - 6 Ogasiti 1623) anali mkazi wa William Shakespeare, wolemba ndakatulo wachingerezi, wolemba masewero komanso wosewera. Iwo anali okwatirana mu 1582, pamene Hathaway anali ndi zaka 26 ndipo Shakespeare anali ndi zaka 18. Iye anapitirira mwamuna wake pofika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zochepa kwambiri zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi moyo wake kupatula zolemba zochepa zalamulo. Makhalidwe ake ndi ubale wake ndi Shakespeare akhala akuganiziridwa kwambiri ndi olemba mbiri komanso olemba ambiri.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+
+ Hathaway and Shakespeare's marriage bond
+ Virtual Tour of Anne Hathaway's home
+
+1556 kubadwa
+1623 imfa
+Anne Jacqueline Hathaway (wobadwa pa Novembala 12, 1982) ndi wojambula waku America. Amalandila maulemu osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Mphotho ya Academy, Mphotho ya Golden Globe, ndi Mphoto Ya Primetime Emmy, ndipo anali m'modzi mwa ochita masewera olipidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi mu 2015. Makanema ake apitilira $ 6.8 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo adawonekera pa Mndandanda wa Forbes Wotchuka 100 mu 2009.
+
+Hathaway adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Millburn High School ku New Jersey, komwe adasewera m'masewera angapo. Ali wachinyamata, adaponyedwa m'makanema apa TV Get Real (1999-2000) ndipo adamupangitsa kuti akhale wopambana mu kanema wake woyamba, Disney comed The Princess Diaries (2001). Hathaway adasinthiranso pamaudindo akuluakulu ndi zisudzo za 2005 Havoc ndi Brokeback Mountain. Kanema wampikisano The Devil Wears Prada (2006), momwe adasewera wothandizira mkonzi wama magazine a mafashoni, ndiye anali kuchita bwino kwambiri pakadali pano. Adasewera pachiwopsezo ndi matenda amisala mumasewera a Rachel Get Married (2008), zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti asankhidwe pa Mphotho ya Academy ya Best Actress. Anapitiliza kusewera m'mafilimu achikondi opambana a Bride Wars (2009), Valentine's Day (2010), Love & Other Drugs (2010), komanso kanema wosangalatsa Alice ku Wonderland (2010).
+
+Mu 2012, Hathaway adasewera ngati Selina Kyle mufilimu yake yotchuka kwambiri The Dark Knight Rises, gawo lomaliza mu The Dark Knight trilogy. Komanso chaka chimenecho, adasewera Fantine, hule yemwe amamwalira ndi chifuwa chachikulu, m'masewera achikondi a Les Misérables, omwe adapambana Mphotho ya Academy ya Best Supporting Actress. Kenako adasewera wasayansi mufilimu yopeka ya Interstellar (2014), yemwe ali ndi tsamba lapa intaneti mu nthabwala za The Intern (2015), wochita masewera odzitukumula mufilimu ya Ocean's 8 (2018), wojambula pamasewerawa kanema The Hustle (2019) ndi mfiti yoyipa mu nthabwala zongopeka The Witches (2020). Hathaway adapambananso Mphotho ya Primetime Emmy chifukwa cha mawu ake mu sitcom The Simpsons, yoyimbidwa pamayimbidwe, adawonekera pa siteji, ndikuchita zochitika.
+
+Hathaway amathandizira pazifukwa zingapo. Ndi membala wa bungwe la Lollipop Theatre Network, bungwe lomwe limabweretsa makanema kwa ana muzipatala, komanso amalimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ngati kazembe wokondweretsedwa wa UN Women. Iye ndi wokwatiwa ndi wochita masewera komanso wochita bizinesi Adam Shulman, yemwe ali ndi ana amuna awiri.
+
+1982 kubandwa
+Leylah Annie Fernandez (wobadwa pa Seputembara 6, 2002) ndi wosewera tennis waku Canada. Ali ndi udindo wapamwamba wa Women Tennis Association (WTA) wa nambala 28 padziko lapansi. Fernandez adapambana mutu wake woyamba wa WTA ku 2021 Monterrey Open. Ali ndi zaka 19, adamaliza nawo mpikisano wothamanga ku 2021 US Open kwa mnzake wachinyamata Emma Raducanu, ndikugonjetsa osewera atatu apamwamba paulendo womaliza (kuphatikiza wolimbana ndi Naomi Osaka).
+
+Ntchito yaukadaulo
+
+2019: Kuyamba kwa akatswiri 
+Pa Julayi 21, 2019, Fernandez adapambana mbiri yake yoyamba pa tenisi pomwe adalimbana kuti amenye mnzake waku Canada Carson Branstine kumapeto kwa Gatineau Challenger. Fernandez adapambananso mutu wake woyamba wowerengeka tsiku lomwelo pomwe adagwirizana ndi Rebecca Marino waku Vancouver. Awiriwo adagonjetsa gulu lachiwiri la Marcela Zacarías waku Mexico ndi Hsu Chieh-yu waku Taiwan. Sabata yotsatira, adapanga komaliza ku ITF komaliza ku Granby, atataya Lizette Cabrera waku Australia.
+
+2020: Grand Slam debut, WTA Tour yomaliza yoyamba, French Open round yachitatu
+
+Fernandez adamupanga kukhala woyamba wa Grand Slam ku Australia Open. Atatha kuyenerera, adataya gawo loyamba kwa Lauren Davis.
+
+Adachita bwino kwambiri pantchito yake sabata yotsatira pamasewera oyenerera a Billie Jean King Cup motsutsana ndi nambala 5 padziko lapansi, Belinda Bencic.
+
+Chakumapeto kwa Okutobala ku Mexico Open, adakwanitsa ndipo adafika kumapeto komaliza pa WTA, pomwe, atapambana maseti 12 motsatizana, adagonjetsedwa ndi World No. 69, Heather Watson. Patadutsa sabata, adakwiyitsa wosewera wa Grand Slam a Sloane Stephens kuti akafike ku quarterfinals ya Monterrey Open, atagonjetsedwa ndi Elina Svitolina.
+
+2021: Mutu woyamba wa WTA ndi US Open yomaliza 
+Fernandez adayamba 2021 osapambana motsatizana m'mipikisano yake yoyamba. Komabe, mu Marichi ku Monterrey Open, adapambana machesi anayi oyamba kuti afike kumapeto, ndikugonjetsa Viktorija Golubic kuti apambane mutu woyamba wa WTA pantchito yake. Ali ndi zaka 18, anali wosewera wachichepere kwambiri pazosewerera zazikulu ndipo adapambana osasiya chimodzi pa mpikisanowu.
+
+Ku US Open, Fernandez adakonda kwambiri chifukwa chakupambana mosayembekezereka ngati underdog. Anagonjetsa mbewu yachitatu ndikuteteza, Naomi Osaka m'magawo atatu mchigawo chachitatu, dziko lakale nambala 1 komanso ngwazi yayikulu katatu Angelique Kerber kumapeto kwachinayi m'maseti atatu, ndi wachisanu Elina Svitolina muma quarterfinal, kachiwiri m'maseti atatu, kuti afikire semifinal yake yayikulu tsiku limodzi atakwanitsa zaka 19. Kenako adagonjetsa Aryna Sabalenka, yemwe ndi mbewu yachiwiri, kuti afike komaliza komaliza ndipo panthawiyi adakhala wosewera woyamba kubadwa mu 2002 kufika kumapeto. Inali nthawi yachitatu mu Open Era pomwe mayi anagonjetsa mbewu zitatu mwa zisanu zapamwamba kwambiri ku US Open. Pomaliza adataya wachinyamata mnzake Emma Raducanu mosiyanasiyana.
+2002 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Grand Slam mu tenesi ndikupambana kupambana mipikisano yayikulu ikuluikulu inayi pachaka chimodzi chaka chomwecho, chomwe chimatchedwanso "Grand Slam Calendar-year" kapena "Calendar Grand Slam". Pawiri, gulu litha kukwaniritsa Grand Slam kusewera limodzi kapena wosewera akhoza kulikwaniritsa ndi anzawo osiyanasiyana. Kupambana mipikisano yonse inayi motsatizana koma osati mchaka chomwecho kumatchedwa kuti Grand Slam, pomwe kupambana maudindo anayi nthawi iliyonse pantchito yotchedwa Career Grand Slam.
+
+Masewera a Grand Slam, omwe amatchedwanso majors, ndi zochitika zinayi zapadera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi za tenisi. Masewerawa amapereka malo apamwamba kwambiri, ndalama zamtengo wapatali, chidwi pagulu ndi atolankhani, mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukula kwa mundawo, komanso masewera ataliatali kwambiri kwa amuna (magulu asanu abwino). Amayang'aniridwa ndi International Tennis Federation (ITF), m'malo mwa mabungwe omwe akukonzekera kuyendera amuna ndi akazi, Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) ndi Women Tennis Association (WTA), koma mphotho ya ATP ndi WTA zisudzo zosewerera pamasewera.
+
+Masewera anayi a Grand Slam ndi Australia Open mu Januware, French Open kuyambira kumapeto kwa Meyi mpaka koyambirira kwa Juni, Wimbledon kumapeto kwa Juni mpaka koyambirira kwa Julayi, ndi US Open mu Ogasiti – Seputembala, iliyonse imasewera pamasabata awiri. Mpikisano wa Australia ndi United States umaseweredwa m'makhothi olimba, achi French pamatope, ndi Wimbledon paudzu. Wimbledon ndiye mpikisano wakale kwambiri, womwe udakhazikitsidwa mu 1877, wotsatiridwa ndi US ku 1881, aku France mu 1891, ndi Australia mu 1905, koma si onse omwe adasankhidwa kukhala akulu mpaka 1923.
+
+Zolemba 
+Tenesi
+Osewera kutsogolo ndi omwe amasewera timu yampikisano yomwe imasewera pafupi ndi cholinga cha timu yomwe ikutsutsana, motero ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wopeza zigoli.
+
+Udindo wawo wapamwamba komanso maudindo ochepa otetezera amatanthauza kuti kutsogolo kumapereka zigoli zambiri m'malo mwa timu yawo kuposa osewera ena.
+
+Magulu amakono amakono amaphatikizira m'modzi mpaka atatu mtsogolo; Mwachitsanzo, wamba 4-2-3-1 mapangidwe amaphatikizapo kutsogolo. Mapangidwe osagwirizana atha kukhala opitilira atatu patsogolo kapena palibe.
+
+Pakatikati kutsogolo 
+Udindo wachikhalidwe chopita patsogolo ndikulemba zigoli zambiri m'malo mwa timu. Ngati ndi osewera ataliatali komanso olimba, otha kutsogolera bwino, wosewerayo atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kufika kumapeto kwa mitanda, kupambana mipira yayitali, kapena kulandira mipata ndikusungabe mpira ndi nsana wawo kuti azikwaniritsa osewera nawo, kuti athe kupereka kuzama kwa gulu lawo kapena kuthandiza osewera nawo mphambu powapatsa chiphaso ('kudzera mu mpira' m'bokosi), kusiyanasiyana kotereku kumafuna kuthamanga mwachangu komanso kuyenda bwino, kuwonjezera pakumaliza kumaliza. Otsatira ambiri amakono amagwiranso ntchito pamaso pa omenyera achiwiri kapena oyimilira apakati ndipo amasewera kwambiri kunja kwa bokosilo. Udindo wapakati-wotsogola nthawi zina umasinthana ndi wosewera pakati kapena wowukira wachiwiri, komabe, makamaka m'mapangidwe a 4-3-1 kapena 4-1-1-2-2. Mawu oti center-forward atengedwa kuchokera kumasewera omwe adasewera kale, monga 2-3-5, momwe munali osewera asanu patsogolo: awiri akutsogolo kutsogolo, awiri mkati kutsogolo, ndi m'modzi wapakati. Mawu oti "chandamale patsogolo" amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana ndi omwe amakhala pakati, koma nthawi zambiri amatanthauzira mtundu wina womenya, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wosewera wamtali komanso wamphamvu, wodziwa kutsogolera mpira; ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupambana mipira yayitali mlengalenga, kukweza mpira, ndikupanga mwayi kwa mamembala ena a timuyi, kuwonjezera pakupeza zigoli zambiri iwowo. Komabe, mawu awiriwa sakufanana kwenikweni, pomwe wopita patsogolo wapanga gawo lina lapadera, pomwe kufotokozera kwapakatikati ndikokulirapo, kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri yakutsogolo.
+
+Manambala atayambitsidwa kumapeto komaliza kwa 1933 English FA Cup, m'modzi mwa otsogola tsiku lomwelo adavala nambala 9 - Dixie Dean wa Everton, wosewera wamphamvu, wamphamvu yemwe adalemba mbiri yazolinga zambiri zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa mu Chingerezi mpira mu nyengo ya 1927-28. Chiwerengerocho chimakhala chofanana ndi malo opita kutsogolo (amangovala tsiku lomwelo chifukwa gulu lina lidalembedwa 1-1 pomwe lina lidali la 12 mpaka 22).
+
+Malo owukira 
+Udindo wa womenyerawo ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ngakhale mawu oti pakati-kutsogolo ndi womenyera amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana nthawi zina, popeza onse amasewera pamunda kuposa osewera ena, pomwe ndi aatali, olemera komanso akatswiri, monga Zlatan Ibrahimović, khalani ndi mikhalidwe yoyenera maudindo onse awiriwa. Monga wolowera pakati, udindo wachikhalidwe cha womenyera ndikupanga zigoli; Omenyera masewera amadziwika kuti amatha kuchotsa oteteza ndikuthamangira mumlengalenga kudzera mwakhungu lakumenyanako ndikulandila mpira pamalo abwino, monga Ronaldo. Amakhala othamanga mwachangu omwe amatha kuwongolera mpira komanso kutha kuyenda. Omenyera ena achangu ngati Michael Owen ndi Sergio Agüero ali ndi mwayi wopitilira oteteza chifukwa chothamanga kwakanthawi.
+
+Wowukira wabwino amayenera kuwombera molimba mtima ndi phazi lililonse, kukhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kulondola, ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi osewera nawo ndikudutsa mpirawo atapanikizika pakachitika zovuta. Pomwe omenya ambiri amavala malaya a 9, monga Alan Shearer, wosewera wakunja, udindo, pang'ono, umalumikizananso ndi nambala 10, yomwe imavalidwa pafupipafupi ndi ena otsogola monga Pelé , ndipo nthawi zina ndi nambala 7 ndi 11, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalumikizidwa ndi mapiko.
+
+Wowukira wachiwiri 
+Kupita patsogolo kwakutsogolo kumakhala ndi mbiri yayitali pamasewera, koma matanthauzidwe ofotokozera momwe amasewera akusiyanasiyana pazaka zambiri. Poyamba osewera otere amatchedwa mkati kutsogolo, opanga kapena ozama kwambiri pakati ("sub forward"). Posachedwapa, pali mitundu ina iwiri ya wosewera wakaleyu yomwe yachitika: wachiwiri, kapena mthunzi, kapena kuthandizira, kapena womenyera wothandizira ndipo, momwe zilili zosiyana ndi zawo, nambala 10; udindo wakale akuwonetsedwa ndi osewera monga Dennis Bergkamp (yemwe amasewera kumbuyo kwa wosewera Thierry Henry ku Arsenal), Alessandro Del Piero ku Juventus, Youri Djorkaeff ku Inter Milan, kapena Teddy Sheringham ku Tottenham Hotspur. Osewera ena opanga omwe amasewera kumbuyo, monga Diego Maradona, Ronaldinho ndi Zinedine Zidane nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "nambala 10", ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati osewera pakati kapena wosewera wapamwamba.
+
+Wowombera wachiwiri amafotokozedwa momasuka komanso nthawi zambiri samamveka bwino za wosewera yemwe amakhala ndiudindo, kwinakwake pakati pa womenyera kunja, kaya ndi "munthu wofuna" kapena "wopha nyama" mopitilira muyeso, ndi nambala 10 kapena osewera wapakati, pomwe mwina akuwonetsa zina mwazonsezi. M'malo mwake, mawu opangidwa ndi wosewera waku France wapamwamba Michel Platini, "zisanu ndi zinayi ndi theka", yemwe adalongosola momwe wosewera m'malo mwake adasewera nambala 10 ku Juventus, wosewera waku Italiya Roberto Baggio, wakhala kuyesa kukhala mulingo wofotokozera malowo. Zachidziwikire, nambala 10 itha kusinthana ngati womenyera wachiwiri bola atakhala kuti ndiwokwaniritsa zolinga zambiri; Kupanda kutero, mafoni amtsogolo omwe ali ndi luso laukadaulo (maluso oyendetsa ndi kuwongolera mpira), kuthamangitsa, masomphenya, kudutsa, ndi kulumikizana, omwe amatha kulemba ndi kupanga mwayi wopita patsogolo, ndioyenera. Ngakhale amapatsidwa "layisensi yoti aziyenda," ndipo amathamangira kutsogolo, kapena kubwerera mmbuyo kuti atenge mpira m'malo ozama, kuwapatsa nthawi ndi malo okhala, omenyera achiwiri kapena othandizira samakonda omwe akutenga nawo mbali poyambitsa ziwopsezo monga nambala 10, komanso samabweretsa osewera ena ambiri, popeza sagawana nawo udindo, akugwira ntchito yothandizira ngati othandizira othandizira. Ku Italy, ntchitoyi imadziwika kuti "rifinitore", "mezzapunta", kapena "seconda punta", pomwe ku Brazil, imadziwika kuti "segundo atacante" kapena "ponta-de-lança".
+
+Mkati patsogolo 
+Udindo wakunja unkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zoyambirira za zaka makumi awiri. Osewera mkatikati amathandizira wapakatikati, akuthamanga ndikupanga malo achitetezo achitetezo, ndipo, pomwe masewera odutsa amayamba, kumuthandiza ndi ma pass. Udindowu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi "dzenje" kapena wosewera wachiwiri pamasewera amakono, ngakhale pano, panali osewera awiri otere, omwe amadziwika kuti mkati kumanja ndi mkati kumanzere.
+
+Kumayambiriro kwa 2-3-5 mawonekedwe amkati-kutsogolo amapita pakati-kutsogolo mbali zonse ziwiri. Pakukula kwa "WM", oyendetsa mkati adabwezeretsedwanso kuti akhale osewera wapakati, akupereka mipira kutsogolo-kutsogolo ndipo awiriwo akuukira akunja kutsogolo - omwe amadziwika kuti akunja kumanja ndi kunja kumanzere. M'miyambi ya mpira waku Italiya, udindo wamkati wamkati poyamba unkadziwika kuti mezzala (kwenikweni "wopikirira theka," osasokonezedwa ndi mapiko theka); Komabe, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa liwu lofotokozerali kutsogolo sikunathenso kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cholembera cha mezzala chidagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza udindo wa osewera wapakati pakati pa mpira waku Italiya, pomwe wosewera mkati adatchedwa "interno" ( "mkati," m'Chitaliyana) mu mpira waku Italiya zaka zotsatira.
+
+M'masewera amakono, oyendetsa mkati adakankhidwira kutsogolo kuti akhale owukira kapena akunja kapena abodza-9s, kapena kutambasula kuti akhale opambana (mu kapangidwe ka 3-4-3), kapena asinthidwa malo ozama omwe akuyenera kubwerera kuti alumikizane ndi osewera wapakati, kwinaku akuthandiza wosewera wina yemwe akusewera nawo kutsogolo (mu kapangidwe ka 4–4-2). Magulu ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito m'modzi mwa omwe amawagunda pantchito yomaliza iyi kuti athandizire womenyayo, mofanana kwambiri ndi wakutsogolo.Kumayambiriro kwa 2-3-5 mawonekedwe amkati-kutsogolo amapita pakati-kutsogolo mbali zonse ziwiri. Pakukula kwa "WM", oyendetsa mkati adabwezeretsedwanso kuti akhale osewera wapakati, akupereka mipira kutsogolo-kutsogolo ndipo awiriwo akuukira akunja kutsogolo - omwe amadziwika kuti akunja kumanja ndi kunja kumanzere. M'miyambi ya mpira waku Italiya, udindo wamkati wamkati poyamba unkadziwika kuti mezzala (kwenikweni "wopikirira theka," osasokonezedwa ndi mapiko theka); Komabe, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa liwu lofotokozerali kutsogolo sikunathenso kugwira ntchito, chifukwa cholembera cha mezzala chidagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufotokoza udindo wa osewera wapakati pakati pa mpira waku Italiya, pomwe wosewera mkati adatchedwa "interno" ( "mkati," m'Chitaliyana) mu mpira waku Italiya zaka zotsatira.
+
+M'masewera amakono, oyendetsa mkati adakankhidwira kutsogolo kuti akhale owukira kapena akunja kapena abodza-9s, kapena kutambasula kuti akhale opambana (mu kapangidwe ka 3-4-3), kapena asinthidwa malo ozama omwe akuyenera kubwerera kuti alumikizane ndi osewera wapakati, kwinaku akuthandiza wosewera wina yemwe akusewera nawo kutsogolo (mu kapangidwe ka 4–4-2). Magulu ambiri amagwiritsabe ntchito m'modzi mwa omwe amawagunda pantchito yomaliza iyi kuti athandizire womenyayo, mofanana kwambiri ndi wakutsogolo.
+
+Menyani magulu ndi kuphatikiza 
+Gulu lonyanyala ndi achifwamba awiri kapena kupitilira apo omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Mbiri ya mpira yadzaza ndi kuphatikiza kothandiza kambiri. Magulu amuna atatu nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mu "ma triangles", ndikupatsa mwayi wambiri wosankha. Ma phukusi amuna anayi amakulitsa zosankha zambiri. Omenyera amayeneranso kukhala osinthika, ndikutha kusintha maudindo mwakanthawi, pakati pa woyamba (wolowera kwambiri), wachiwiri (woyendetsa mozama) ndi wachitatu (kuthandizira ndikukula, mwachitsanzo mapiko) maudindo owukira.
+
+Chitsanzo china chinali Mpira Wathunthu womwe udaseweredwa ndi timu yaku Dutch mzaka zam'ma 1970, pomwe kuthekera kwa osewera awo, makamaka a Johan Cruyff, kusinthana maudindo kunalola njira yolowerera yomwe magulu otsutsa adapeza kuti ndi ovuta kuwazindikira.
+
+Pamasewera osewera awiri, zimakhala zachilendo kuti owonera awiri omwe amathandizana kuphatikizana; Mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira wakale waku Italy a Cesare Maldini nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito wosewera wamkulu, wakuthupi, komanso wochulukirapo ngati wosewera wazikhalidwe - monga Christian Vieri - limodzi ndi wosewera wocheperako, wachangu, waluso komanso waluso ngati womenya wachiwiri - monga Roberto Baggio kapena Alessandro Del Piero.
+
+Chitsanzo china chofananira chamgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi cha Alex Morgan ndi Abby Wambach ndi timu yadziko la United States, omwe adakwaniritsa zolinga 55 mu 2012, zomwe zikufanana ndi zaka 21 zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 1991 ndi a Michelle Akers ( Zolinga 39) ndi Carin Jennings (zolinga 16) ngati zolinga zopambana kwambiri zomwe adachita ndi awiriwa mu mbiri ya US WNT.
+
+Chimodzi mwazinthu zopitilira patsogolo kwambiri m'mbiri yamasewera anali atatu akutsogolo a Barcelona, ​​Lionel Messi, Luis Suárez ndi Neymar, otchedwa MSN. Pafupifupi amapeza chigoli mphindi 45 zilizonse - zigoli ziwiri pamasewera kuyambira atatu kupita kutsogolo. Atsogoleri atatuwa adalemba zigoli 131 mu nyengo imodzi ku Barcelona mu 2015-16. Mu 2017, Kylian Mbappé, Neymar, ndi Edinson Cavani adalemba zigoli zingapo za Paris Saint-Germain mgulu la Champions League. Chaka chotsatira, gulu lankhondo laku Liverpool la Roberto Firmino, Mohamed Salah, Sadio Mané ndi Philippe Coutinho, otchedwa "Fab Wachinayi" (ponena za The Beatles), adathandizira kuwononga zigoli 47 pa nyengo imodzi ya Champions League.
+Malo ampira
+Alexandra Morgan Carrasco (wobadwa Alexandra Patricia Morgan; Julayi 2, 1989) ndi wosewera mpira wampikisano waku America ku Orlando Pride yamu National Women Soccer League (NWSL), gawo lalikulu kwambiri la mpira wachinyamata ku United States, ndi United States timu yampira yadziko lonse ya azimayi. Adagwira nawo timu ya mpira yamayi ku United States ndi Carli Lloyd ndi Megan Rapinoe kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2020.
+
+Atangomaliza kumene maphunziro awo ku University of California, Berkeley, komwe adasewera ku California Golden Bears, Morgan adalembedwa nambala wani mu 2011 WPS Draft ndi Western New York Flash. Kumeneko, adayamba ntchito yake ndipo adathandiza timuyi kuti ipambane mpikisano. Morgan, yemwe anali ndi zaka 22 panthawiyo, anali wosewera wachichepere kwambiri pagulu ladziko lonse pa World Cup ya Women ya FIFA ya 2011, pomwe timuyo idathamangira limodzi. Pa Olimpiki yaku London ku 2012, adalemba chigoli chomaliza mphindi 123 pamasewera omaliza motsutsana ndi Canada. Anamaliza 2012 ali ndi zolinga 28 ndi 21 amathandizira, kujowina Mia Hamm ngati mayi yekhayo waku America kuti akwaniritse zolinga 20 ndikupereka othandizira 20 mchaka chomwecho ndikumupanga wosewera wachisanu ndi chimodzi komanso wachichepere kwambiri ku United States kupeza zigoli 20 mu nyengo imodzi. Pambuyo pake adasankhidwa kuti American Soccer Female Athlete of the Year ndipo anali FIFA World Player ya Chaka chomaliza. Morgan adathandizanso United States kupambana maudindo awo pa 2015 ndi 2019 FIFA Women World Cups, pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala Dream Team pamasewera onse awiri, pomwe adapambana Silver Boot ku 2019.
+
+Mu 2013, nyengo yoyamba ya National Women Soccer League, Morgan adalumikizana ndi Portland Thorns FC ndikuthandizira timuyo kupambana mphotho ya ligi chaka chimenecho. Morgan adasewera Minga nthawi yonse ya 2015, pambuyo pake adagulitsidwa ku Orlando Pride yachaka choyamba. Mu 2017, Morgan adasaina ndi timu yaku France ya Lyon, komwe adapambana paulendo wapadziko lonse ku Europe, womwe umaphatikizapo UEFA Women's Champions League.
+
+Kutali, Morgan adagwirizana ndi Simon & Schuster kuti alembe mndandanda wamagulu apakati okhudza osewera anayi: The Kicks. Bukhu loyamba pamndandanda, Saving the Team, lomwe lidawonekera pa nambala seveni pamndandanda wa The New York Times Best Seller mu Meyi 2013. Kuphatikiza apo, kanema yemwe amasewera Morgan pachiwonetsero chake, Alex & Me, adatulutsidwa mu June 2018 komwe amasewera mtundu wongopeka wake.
+
+Mu 2015, Morgan adasankhidwa ndi Time ngati wosewera mpira wampikisano wa azimayi aku America, makamaka chifukwa chazivomerezo zake zambiri. Morgan, limodzi ndi a Christine Sinclair aku Canada komanso a Steph Catley aku Australia, adakhala osewera oyamba azimayi omwe adasewera pachikuto cha masewera apakanema a FIFA mu 2015. Morgan adawonekeranso limodzi ndi a Lionel Messi pamikuto ya FIFA 16 yogulitsidwa ku United States. Adasankhidwa kukhala m'modzi wa Anthu 100 Omwe Amadziwika Kwambiri mu 2019.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zobelenga zina 
+
+ Morgan, Alex (2015), Breakaway: Beyond the Goal, Simon and Schuster, 
+ Grainey, Timothy (2012), Beyond Bend It Like Beckham: The Global Phenomenon of Women's Soccer, University of Nebraska Press, 
+ Lisi, Clemente A. (2010), The U.S. Women's Soccer Team: An American Success Story, Scarecrow Press, 
+ Longman, Jere (2009), The Girls of Summer: The U.S. Women's Soccer Team and How it Changed the World, HarperCollins, 
+ Stevens, Dakota (2011), A Look at the Women's Professional Soccer Including the Soccer Associations, Teams, Players, Awards, and More, BiblioBazaar,
+
+Zakunja zina 
+
+ 
+ National Women's Soccer League player profile
+ Orlando Pride player profile
+ UC Berkeley player profile
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1989 kubadwa
+Mary Abigail Wambach (wobadwa pa 2 Juni 1980) ndi wosewera waku America wopuma pantchito ku Association, mphunzitsi, mendulo yagolide ya Olimpiki kawiri, wosewera FIFA World Cup komanso membala wa National Soccer Hall of Fame. Wambach adapambana kasanu ndi kamodzi mphotho ya US Soccer Athlete of the Year, Wambach anali wokhazikika pa timu yampikisano ya azimayi aku US kuyambira 2003 mpaka 2015, akumalandira kapu yake yoyamba mu 2001. Monga wopita patsogolo, pakadali pano ndiwampamwamba kwambiri- Wolemba zigoli wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo wachiwiri pa zigoli zapadziko lonse lapansi za osewera azimayi ndi achimuna omwe ali ndi zigoli 184, kumbuyo kwa Canada Christine Sinclair. Wambach adapatsidwa 2012 FIFA World Player ya Chaka, ndikukhala mayi woyamba waku America kupambana mphothoyo pazaka khumi. Adaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa 2015 Time 100 ngati m'modzi mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
+
+Wambach adapikisana nawo pamipikisano inayi ya FIFA Women World Cup: 2003 ku United States, 2007 ku China, 2011 ku Germany, ndi 2015 ku Canada, kukhala wopambana pamasamba omaliza; ndi masewera awiri a Olimpiki: 2004 ku Athens ndi 2012 ku London, ndikupambana mendulo yagolide pa zonsezi. Onse pamodzi, adasewera pamasewera a 29 ndipo adalemba zigoli 22 pamasewera asanu apadziko lonse lapansi. Adasewera mpira waku koleji ku timu ya mpira ya azimayi ku Florida Gators ndipo adathandizira gululi kuti lipambane mpikisano wawo woyamba wa NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship. Anasewera pamaluso a Washington Freedom, magicJack, ndi Western New York Flash.
+
+Wodziwika kuti wagoletsa ndi ma diving headers, luso lomwe adayamba kulilumba ali wachinyamata kwawo ku Rochester, New York, chimodzi mwazolinga zake zazikulu kwambiri zidachitika mphindi 122 pamasewera omaliza a 2011 FIFA World Cup motsutsana ndi Brazil. Wambach adapeza chigoli chofananira nthawi yayitali kuthandiza anthu aku America kuti apitilize nawo mpikisano womaliza motsutsana ndi Japan atagonjetsa Brazil pamalangizo. Cholinga chake chomaliza chomaliza adalemba mbiri yatsopano pacholinga chaposachedwa pamasewera ndipo adalandira Mphotho ya ESPN ya 2011 ESPY ya Best Play of the Year. Kutsatira momwe adasewera pa World Cup ya 2011, adapatsidwa Bronze Boot ndi Silver Ball. Mu 2011, adakhala wosewera woyamba kusewera mpira pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kuti atchulidwe Athlete of the Year ndi Associated Press.
+
+Wambach adalengeza kuti apuma pantchito pa Okutobala 27, 2015. Masewera ake omaliza adasewera pa Disembala 16 ku New Orleans pomwe United States idasewera masewera awo omaliza pamasewera ake a 10 a Victory Tour atapambana pa FIFA World Cup ya 2015 Women. Mbiri yake, Forward, yotulutsidwa mu Seputembara 2016, idakhala yogulitsa kwambiri ku New York Times. Buku lake lachiwiri, Wolfpack: Momwe Mungabwere Palimodzi, Tulutsani Mphamvu Zathu ndikusintha Masewerawa, potengera zomwe adalankhula poyambira ku Barnard College, analinso New York Times Bestseller ku 2019.
+
+1980 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Edson Arantes do Nascimento (wobadwa 23 Okutobala 1940), wotchedwa Pelé, ndi wosewera wakale waku Brazil yemwe adasewera patsogolo. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwamasewera osewerera nthawi zonse ndipo amadziwika kuti "wamkulu kwambiri" ndi FIFA, anali m'modzi mwamasewera opambana kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino m'zaka za zana la 20. Mu 1999 adatchedwa Athlete of the Century ndi International Olympic Committee ndipo adaphatikizidwa m'ndandanda ya Nthawi ya anthu 100 ofunikira kwambiri mzaka za zana la 20. Mu 2000, Pelé adasankhidwa World Player of the Century ndi International Federation of Soccer History & Statistics (IFFHS), ndipo anali m'modzi mwa opambana awiri a FIFA Player of the Century. Zolinga zake 1,279 m'masewera 1,363, omwe amaphatikizapo masewera, amadziwika kuti ndi Guinness World Record.
+
+Pelé adayamba kusewera Santos ali ndi zaka 15 komanso timu yadziko lonse ku Brazil ali ndi zaka 16. Pa ntchito yake yapadziko lonse lapansi, adapambana ma FIFA World Cup atatu: 1958, 1962 ndi 1970, wosewera yekhayo amene adachita izi. Pelé ndiye wotsogola kwambiri ku Brazil ndi zolinga 77 pamasewera 92. Pa mulingo wa kilabu, ndiwosankha bwino kwambiri ku Santos ndi zolinga 643 m'masewera 659. Munthawi yagolide ku Santos, adatsogolera kilabu ku 1962 ndi 1963 Copa Libertadores, komanso ku 1962 ndi 1963 Intercontinental Cup. Wodziwika kuti walumikiza mawu oti "Masewera Okongola" ndi mpira, "masewera osangalatsa a Pelé komanso okonda zolinga zowoneka bwino" adamupanga kukhala nyenyezi padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo magulu ake adayendera padziko lonse lapansi kuti agwiritse ntchito kutchuka kwake. M'masiku ake akusewera, Pelé anali wothamanga wolipira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chiyambireni kupuma pantchito ku 1977, Pelé wakhala kazembe wapadziko lonse lapansi wa mpira ndipo wachita zambiri zachitetezo komanso zamalonda. Mu 2010, adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti Wolemekezeka wa New York Cosmos.
+
+Poyerekeza pafupifupi cholinga pamasewera pantchito yake yonse, Pelé anali waluso pomenya mpira ndi phazi limodzi kuphatikiza pakuyembekezera mayendedwe a otsutsana naye kumunda. Ngakhale anali womenya, amathanso kulowa pansi ndikuchita nawo masewera ena, kuwathandiza kuwona masomphenya ake komanso kutha kupitapo, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyenda kuti apitirire otsutsa. Ku Brazil, amatamandidwa ngati ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi pazomwe amachita bwino mu mpira komanso chifukwa chothandizira mosapita m'mbali mfundo zomwe zikuthandizira anthu osauka. Kutuluka kwake pa World Cup ya 1958 pomwe adakhala nyenyezi yoyamba yakuda yapadziko lonse lapansi idalimbikitsa. Panthawi yonse yomwe anali pantchito komanso atapuma pantchito, Pelé adalandira mphotho zingapo payekha komanso pagulu chifukwa chakuchita kwake pamunda, zomwe adachita bwino, komanso mbiri yake pamasewera.
+1940 kubadwa
+Lionel Andrés Messi (wobadwa pa 24 June 1987), yemwenso amadziwika kuti Leo Messi, ndi katswiri wampikisano waku Argentina yemwe amatsogola ku kilabu cha Ligue 1 Paris Saint-Germain komanso wamkulu ku Argentina timu yadziko. Wowonedwa kuti ndi wosewera wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa osewera kwambiri nthawi zonse, Messi wapambana mphotho zisanu ndi chimodzi za Ballon d'Or, mbiri ya European Golden Shoes, ndipo mu 2020 adasankhidwa kukhala Ballon d ' Kapena Gulu Lamaloto. Mpaka pomwe adachoka mgululi mu 2021, adakhala ku Barcelona, ​​komwe adapambana zikho 35, kuphatikiza maudindo khumi a La Liga, asanu ndi awiri a Copa del Rey ndi anayi a UEFA Champions League. Wosewera wosewera waluso, Messi ali ndi mbiri yazolinga zambiri ku La Liga (474), La Liga ndi European league season (50), ma hat-trick ambiri ku La Liga (36) ndi UEFA Champions League (8) , ndipo amathandizira kwambiri ku La Liga (192), nyengo ya La Liga (21) ndi Copa América (17). Alinso ndi mbiri yazolinga zamayiko ambiri ndi mamuna waku South America (79). Messi walemba zigoli zopitilira 750 mu kilabu ndi mdziko, ndipo ali ndi zolinga zazikulu kwambiri ndi wosewera mu kilabu imodzi.
+
+Wobadwa ndikuleredwa pakatikati pa Argentina, Messi adasamukira ku Spain kukagwirizana ndi Barcelona ali ndi zaka 13, yemwe adamupangira mpikisano wazaka 17 mu Okutobala 2004. Adadzikhazikitsa ngati wosewera wampikisano zaka zitatu zikubwerazi, komanso nyengo yoyamba yosasokonezedwa mu 2008-09 adathandizira Barcelona kukwaniritsa ulendo woyamba mu mpira waku Spain; Chaka chimenecho, wazaka 22, Messi adapambana Ballon d'Or yake yoyamba. Nyengo zitatu zopambana zidatsatiridwa, pomwe Messi adapambana ma Ballons d'Or anayi motsatizana, zomwe zidamupangitsa kukhala wosewera woyamba kupambana mphothoyi kanayi motsatizana. Munthawi ya 2011-12, adalemba zolemba za La Liga ndi European pazolinga zambiri zomwe adapeza mu nyengo imodzi, pomwe adadzipangitsa kukhala wopambana kwambiri ku Barcelona. Nyengo ziwiri zotsatira, Messi adamaliza wachiwiri pa Ballon d'Or kumbuyo kwa Cristiano Ronaldo (mnzake wodziwika bwino pantchito), asanapezenso mawonekedwe ake abwino pamsonkhano wa 2014-15, kukhala wopambana kwambiri ku La Liga ndikutsogolera Barcelona ku ulendo wachiwiri wodziwika bwino, pambuyo pake adapatsidwa Mpira wachisanu wa Ballon d'Or mu 2015. Messi adakhala kaputeni wa Barcelona ku 2018, ndipo mu 2019 adapambana Ballon d'Or yachisanu ndi chimodzi.
+
+Wadziko lonse waku Argentina, Messi ndiwopanga mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri mdziko lake komanso kutsogolera zigoli nthawi zonse. Pa mulingo wachinyamata, adapambana Mpikisano wa Achinyamata Padziko Lonse wa 2005 FIFA, kumaliza masewerawa ndi Golden Ball ndi Golden Shoe, komanso mendulo yagolide ya Olimpiki ku Olimpiki Achilimwe a 2008. Kusewera kwake monga wochepetsera, wopondereza kumanzere kumayerekezera ndi mnzake waku Diego Maradona, yemwe adalongosola Messi ngati woloŵa m'malo mwake. Atayamba kuwonekera koyamba mu Ogasiti 2005, Messi adakhala wachichepere ku Argentina kusewera mu FIFA World Cup mu 2006, ndipo adafika kumapeto kwa 2007 Copa América, komwe adatchedwa wosewera wachichepere. Monga kaputeni wa gululi kuyambira Ogasiti 2011, adatsogolera Argentina kumapeto komaliza katatu: FIFA World Cup ya 2014, yomwe adapambana Golden Ball, ndi 2015 ndi 2016 Copa América, ndikupambana Golden Ball mu kope la 2015. Atalengeza kuti apuma pantchito yapadziko lonse mu 2016, adasintha lingaliro lake ndikupangitsa dziko lake kuti liyenerere FIFA World Cup ya 2018, kumaliza malo achitatu ku 2019 Copa América, ndikupambana 2021 Copa América, ndikupambana Golden Ball ndi Golden Mphoto ya boot yomaliza.
+
+Messi adavomereza kampani yazovala zamasewera Adidas kuyambira 2006. Malinga ndi France Soccer, anali wosewera mpira wolipidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zisanu mwa zisanu ndi chimodzi pakati pa 2009 ndi 2014, ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala wothamanga wolipidwa kwambiri padziko lonse ndi Forbes mu 2019. Messi anali m'gulu Anthu 100 odziwika bwino nthawi 100 padziko lapansi mu 2011 ndi 2012. Mu February 2020, adapatsidwa mphotho ya Laureus World Sportsman of the Year, motero adakhala wosewera mpira woyamba komanso wothamanga woyamba wampikisano kuti apambane mphothoyo. Pambuyo pake chaka chimenecho, Messi adakhala wosewera wachiwiri (komanso wothamanga wachiwiri) kupitilira $ 1 biliyoni mu ntchito.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+ Profile at FC Barcelona
+ Profile at La Liga
+1987 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Chisankho cha 2021 ku Canada chidachitika pa Seputembara 20, 2021, kuti asankhe mamembala a Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Canada ya 44. Zisankhozi zidaperekedwa ndi Governor-General Mary May Simon pa Ogasiti 15, 2021, pomwe Prime Minister Justin Trudeau adapempha kuti nyumba yamalamulo ichotsedwe mwachisankho mwachangu.
+
+Ngakhale a Liberals a Trudeau akuyembekeza kupambana boma lalikulu kuti lizilamulira lokha, zotsatira zake sizinasinthe kuchokera pazisankho zaku Canada ku 2019, pomwe a Liberals nawonso adataya voti yotchuka koma adapambana mipando yambiri. A Liberals adapambana mipando yambiri pa 159; pamene izi zikuchepa mipando 170 yomwe ikufunika kwa ambiri ku Nyumba Yamalamulo, a Liberals akuyembekezeka kupanga boma laling'ono mothandizidwa ndi zipani zina. A Conservatives, motsogozedwa ndi Erin O'Toole, adasunga mipando 119 ndipo apitiliza kukhala Otsutsa Ovomerezeka. Bloc Québécois, motsogozedwa ndi Yves-François Blanchet, adapambana mipando 33. New Democratic Party, motsogozedwa ndi Jagmeet Singh, adapambana mipando 25. Gulu la Green Party lidasunga mipando iwiri koma mtsogoleri wachipani Annamie Paul adagonjetsedwa kachitatu atakwera Toronto Center komwe adakhalapo wachinayi; chipanichi chidataya ovota onse ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwa mavoti otchuka ndi mavoti 394,000 mdziko lonse ndi gawo la mavoti 2.3%. People's Party sinapambane mipando, monga mtsogoleri wachipanichi a Maxime Bernier adagonjetsedwa kachiwiri atakwera Beauce; komabe, adalandira mavoti opitilira 842,000 mdziko lonse, kapena ochepera 5% yamavoti.
+
+Zotsatira
+
+Zotsatira zachidule 
+Elections Canada September 21, 2021, federal election results
+
+Zotsatira za Vote ya Ophunzira ku Canada 
+
+Mavoti a ophunzira ndi zisankho zonyoza, zomwe zikufanana ndi zisankho zenizeni, pomwe ophunzira omwe sanakwanitse zaka zakovota amatenga nawo mbali. Zisankho zovotera za ophunzira zimayendetsedwa ndi Student Vote Canada, ndipo zimachitika chifukwa cha maphunziro ndipo simuwerengera zotsatira zake. Onse awiri a Lanark — Frontenac — Kingston ndi Ville-Marie — Le Sud-Ouest — Île-des-Sœurs amamangidwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti okwera 336 mwa 338 okha alengezedwe
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Chisankho
+Meng Wanzhou (Wachichaina: 孟 晚 舟; wobadwa pa 13 February 1972); yemwenso amadziwika kuti Cathy Meng ndi Sabrina Meng, yemwenso amadziwika ku China kuti "Mfumukazi ya Huawei", ndi wamkulu wabizinesi waku China yemwe ndi wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa komiti komanso wamkulu wazachuma (CFO) wa telecom giant komanso wamkulu kwambiri ku China kampani, Huawei, yokhazikitsidwa ndi abambo ake Ren Zhengfei.
+
+Pa 1 Disembala 2018, Meng adamangidwa ku Vancouver International Airport. Pa 28 Januware 2019, Dipatimenti Yachilungamo ku U.S. Mu Ogasiti 2021, Woweruza Wamkulu Wothandizira Heather Holmes yemwe adatsogolera mlanduwu adafotokoza kukayikira kwake kuti banki ya HSBC idayikidwadi pachiwopsezo chophwanya zilango zaku US ndi Meng's PowerPoint. O Pa 24 Seputembara 2021, a department of Justice adalengeza kuti agwirizana ndi Meng ndipo achotsa pempho lawo loti abwezeretsedwe ndikuthetsa mlanduwo kudzera m'chigamulo chotsutsa. Posinthana ndi mgwirizanowu, Meng adagwirizana ndi zomwe ananena kuti wanena zabodza ku HSBC kuti zithandizire ku US, zina zomwe zimathandizira ntchito ya Huawei ku Iran yomwe idaphwanya malamulo aku US koma adaloledwa kupempha "wopanda mlandu". Dipatimenti Yachilungamo idati isunthira kuthana ndi milandu yonse yomwe Meng adzamumize nthawi yomuzengerera itatha pa 21 Disembala 2022, malinga kuti Meng sadzapezedwa ndi mlandu nthawiyo isanakwane. Meng adachoka ku Canada kupita ku China pa 24 Seputembara 2021.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1972 kubadwa
+Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (/ ˈhwɑːweɪ / WHAH-way; Chinese: 华为; pinyin: Huáwéi) ndi kampani yamaukadaulo yaku China yomwe ili ku Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Amapanga, amapanga, ndikugulitsa zida zamafoni ndi zamagetsi zamagetsi.
+
+Bungweli lidakhazikitsidwa ku 1987 ndi Ren Zhengfei, Yemwe anali Deputy Regimental Chief ku People's Liberation Army. Poyambirira poyang'ana pakupanga mafoni, Huawei yakulitsa bizinesi yake ndikuphatikizira kulumikizana kwa matelefoni, kupereka ntchito ndi kulumikizana ndi zida kwa mabizinesi mkati ndi kunja kwa China, ndikupanga zida zolumikizirana pamsika wa ogula. Huawei ali ndi antchito opitilira 194,000 kuyambira Disembala 2019.
+
+Huawei wakhazikitsa zinthu ndi ntchito zake m'maiko ndi madera oposa 170. Idagwera Nokia mu 2012 ngati wopanga zida zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo idakumananso ndi Apple mu 2018 ngati wachiwiri kukula kwambiri wopanga mafoni padziko lapansi, kumbuyo kwa Samsung Electronics. Mu 2018, Huawei adanenanso kuti ndalama zomwe amapeza pachaka ndi $ 108.5 biliyoni. Mu Julayi 2020, Huawei adadutsa Samsung ndi Apple kuti akhale mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wama foni (mu mafoni omwe amatumizidwa) padziko lapansi koyamba. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chotsika kwa malonda apadziko lonse a Samsung mu kotala lachiwiri la 2020, chifukwa chakukhudzidwa ndi mliri wa COVID-19.
+
+Ngakhale adachita bwino padziko lonse lapansi, a Huawei adakumana ndi zovuta m'misika ina, chifukwa chodzinenera kuthandizidwa ndi boma, kulumikizana ndi People's Liberation Army, komanso nkhawa zachitetezo cha cyber - makamaka kuchokera ku boma la United States - kuti zida zomangamanga za Huawei zitha kuyang'anira boma la China. Ndikukula kwa maukonde opanda zingwe a 5G, kwakhala kukuyimbidwa kuchokera ku US ndi anzawo kuti asachite bizinesi yamtundu uliwonse ndi Huawei kapena makampani ena olumikizirana ku China monga ZTE. A Huawei ati zomwe zidapangidwa "sizikhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chachitetezo" kuposa zomwe zimachitika kwa ogulitsa ena onse ndipo palibe umboni uliwonse wazonena zaukazitape waku U.S. Mafunso okhudza umwini wa Huawei ndikuwongolera kwake komanso nkhawa zake zakukula kwa thandizo la boma nawonso amakhalabe. A Huawei akuimbidwanso mlandu wothandizira pakuyang'anira ndi kusunga anthu ambiri a Uyghurs m'misasa yophunzitsiranso ku Xinjiang, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti United States idule. Huawei adayesa kuzindikira nkhope AI yomwe imatha kuzindikira mawonekedwe amtundu wina kuti ichenjeze olamulira aboma kwa anthu amtunduwu.
+
+Pakati pa nkhondo yamalonda yapakati pa China ndi United States, Huawei adaletsedwa kuchita zamalonda ndi makampani aku US chifukwa chophwanya malamulo mwadala zomwe US ​​idachita motsutsana ndi Iran. Pa 29 June 2019, Purezidenti wa U.S. Huawei adadula ntchito 600 pamalo ake ofufuza ku Santa Clara mu Juni, ndipo mu Disembala 2019 woyambitsa Ren Zhengfei adati akusunthira malowa ku Canada chifukwa zoletsazo zidzawalepheretsa kuyanjana ndi ogwira ntchito ku US. Pa 17 Novembala 2020, malinga ndi blog ya Engadget yaukadaulo, Huawei adavomera kugulitsa mtundu wa Honor kwa Shenzen Zhixin New Information Technology kuti "awonetsetse kuti apulumuka", pambuyo poti dziko la United States liwatsutsa. Pa Julayi 23, 2021, a Huawei akuti adalemba Tony Podesta ngati mlangizi komanso wolandila alendo, ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa ubale wa kampaniyo ndi oyang'anira a Biden.
+
+Zolemba 
+Huawei
+Chisankho cha 2021 ku Germany chidachitika pa 26 Seputembara 2021 kuti asankhe mamembala a 20th Bundestag. Tsiku lomwelo, zisankho zamaboma ku Berlin ndi Mecklenburg-Vorpommern zidachitikanso. Chancellor yemwe ali paudindo Angela Merkel adasankha kuti asadzayimirenso pachisankhochi, ndikuwonetsa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yankhondo kuti Chancellor yemwe sanakhalepo sanasankhidwenso.
+
+Ndi mavoti 25.7%, Social Democratic Party yaku Germany (SPD) idalemba zotsatira zake zabwino kuyambira 2013 ndipo idakhala chipani chachikulu koyamba kuyambira 2002. Chipani cholamula cha CDU / CSU, chomwe chidatsogolera mgwirizano waukulu ndi SPD kuyambira 2013, adalemba zotsatira zawo zoyipitsitsa ndi 24.1%, kutsika kwakukulu kuchokera ku 32.9% mu 2017. Alliance 90 / The Greens adakwanitsa kuchita bwino kwambiri m'mbiri ya 14.8%, pomwe Free Democratic Party (FDP) idapeza zochepa ndikumaliza pa 11.5%. The Alternative for Germany (AfD) idagwa kuchoka malo achitatu mpaka achisanu ndi 10.3%, kutsika kwa 2.3 peresenti. Kumanzere adakumana ndi ziwonetsero zoyipitsitsa kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa ku 2007, polephera kuwoloka 5% ya zisankho kupitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi a gawo. Chipanichi chidali ndi ufulu wokhala ndi ziwopsezo zonse popeza chidapambana zigawo zitatu zachindunji.
+
+Ndi zokambirana zovuta zamgwirizano zofunika kukhazikitsa boma, FDP ndi a Greens amaonedwa kuti ndiamfumu, ndipo mgwirizano wamipani itatu womwe sunachitikepo wakambidwa ngati zotheka.
+
+Zotsatira 
+
+  Source: Bundeswahlleiter
+
+Results by state 
+
+Source: Bundeswahlleiter
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zakunja 
+
+ Official website (English version)
+
+Chisankho
+Sabata la tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, losungidwa kuyambira Lachisanu madzulo mpaka Loweruka madzulo, ndi gawo lofunikira pazikhulupiriro ndi machitidwe amatchalitchi amasiku achisanu ndi chiwiri. Mipingo iyi imagogomezera maumboni a m'Baibulo monga machitidwe achihebri akale oyambira tsiku kulowa kwa dzuwa, komanso nkhani yonena za kulengedwa kwa Genesis momwe "madzulo ndi m'mawa" adakhazikitsira tsiku, asadaperekedwe Malamulo Khumi (motero lamulo "kukumbukira" sabata). Amakhulupirira kuti Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano sichiwonetsa kusintha kulikonse pa chiphunzitso cha Sabata patsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Loweruka, kapena tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri muzunguliro la sabata, ndilo tsiku lokhalo m'malemba onse omwe atchulidwa kuti Sabata. Tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la sabata limadziwika ngati Sabata m'zilankhulo, makalendala, ndi ziphunzitso zambiri, kuphatikiza zamatchalitchi achikatolika, a Lutheran, ndi a Orthodox. Ikuonabebe m'Chiyuda chamakono poyerekeza ndi Chilamulo cha Mose. Kuphatikiza apo, mipingo ya Orthodox Tewahedo imalimbikitsa Sabata, kusunga Sabata Loweruka, kuphatikiza pa Tsiku la Ambuye Lamlungu.
+
+Akatolika, Orthodox, ndi zipembedzo zina za Chiprotestanti zimasunga Tsiku la Ambuye Lamlungu ndipo amakhulupirira kuti Sabata la Loweruka silifunikanso kwa Akhristu. Kumbali ina, ma Congregationalists, Presbyterian, Methodist, ndi Baptisti, komanso Episcopalians ambiri, adalimbikitsa mbiri yakale ya Sabbatarianism, ponena kuti Sabata limasinthidwa kukhala Tsiku la Ambuye (Lamlungu), tsiku loyamba la sabata, yolumikizidwa ndi tsiku la kuuka kwa Khristu, ndikupanga Sabata Lachikhristu.
+
+"Sabata lachisanu ndi chiwiri" ndi Akhristu omwe akufuna kuyambiranso machitidwe a Akhristu ena oyamba omwe amasunga Sabata malinga ndi machitidwe achiyuda. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu onse akuyenera kusunga Malamulo Khumi, kuphatikiza Sabata, ndikuti kusunga malamulo onse ndi udindo wamakhalidwe omwe umalemekeza ndikuwonetsa chikondi kwa Mulungu monga mlengi, wothandizira, komanso wowombola. Akhristu achi Sabata achisanu ndi chiwiri, ochokera m'magulu a Adventist mu miyambo ya a Millerite, ali ndi zikhulupiriro zofananira ndi mwambo uja kuti kusintha kwa sabata kudali gawo la Mpatuko waukulu pachikhulupiriro chachikhristu. Zina mwa izi, makamaka Mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist, mwamwambo amakhulupirira kuti mpingo wampatuko udakhazikitsidwa pomwe Bishop wa ku Roma adayamba kulamulira kumadzulo ndikubweretsa ziphuphu zachikunja ndikulola kupembedza mafano kwachikunja ndi zikhulupiriro zawo kubwera, ndikupanga Roma Tchalitchi cha Katolika, chomwe chimaphunzitsa miyambo yolemba Lemba ndi kupumula kuntchito yawo Lamlungu, m'malo mwa Sabata, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi Lemba.
+
+Sabata ndichimodzi mwazomwe zimafotokozedwa m'mipingo yamasiku achisanu ndi chiwiri, kuphatikiza a Baptisti a Seventh Day, Sabbatarian Adventists (Seventh-day Adventists, Davidian Seventh-day Adventists, misonkhano ya Church of God (Seventh Day), ndi zina zambiri), Sabbatarian Pentecostalists (True Jesus Church, Asilikali a Cross Church, ndi ena), Armstrongism (Church of God International (United States), House of Yahweh, Intercontinental Church of God, United Church of God, ndi zina), gulu lamakono la Hebrew Roots, la Seventh- Day Evangelist Church, pakati pa ena ambiri.
+
+Zolemba zakunja 
+
+ Sabbath articles from the Biblical Research Institute
+ "Sabbath and the New Covenant" by Roy Gane
+ An Exegetical Overview of Col. 2:13-17: With Implications for SDA Understanding by Jon Paulien
+ Guidelines for Sabbath Observance, document voted by the General Conference Session of 1990
+ Sabbath articles as cataloged in the Seventh-day Adventist Periodical Index (SDAPI; see also Sabbath articles in the ASDAL guide)
+
+Zolemba 
+Sabata mu Chikhristu
+Mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist ndi chipembedzo chachiprotestanti chachikhristu chomwe chimadziwika ndi kusunga kwawo Loweruka, tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri la sabata m'makalendala achikhristu ndi achiyuda, monga Sabata, ndikugogomezera kubwera Kwachiwiri kwa Yesu Khristu. . Chipembedzocho chinachokera ku gulu la a Millerite ku United States mkatikati mwa zaka za zana la 19 ndipo adakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu 1863. Mmodzi mwa omwe adayambitsa nawo anali Ellen G. White, yemwe zolemba zake zimapatsidwabe ulemu ndi tchalitchi. Ziphunzitso zambiri za Mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist zimagwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zachikhristu zofananira, monga Utatu ndi kusalakwitsa kwa Lemba. Ziphunzitso zosiyana za pambuyo pa chisautso zimaphatikizapo kusadziwa kanthu za akufa ndi chiphunzitso chachiweruzo chofufuza. Tchalitchichi chimadziwika chifukwa chotsimikiza pazakudya ndi thanzi, kuphatikiza kutsatira malamulo azakudya za Kosher, kulimbikitsa zamasamba, komanso kumvetsetsa kwathunthu za munthuyo. Amadziwikanso chimodzimodzi polimbikitsa ufulu wachipembedzo, komanso mfundo zake zodziletsa komanso moyo wawo.
+
+Mpingo wapadziko lonse lapansi ukuwongoleredwa ndi General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, okhala ndi zigawo zing'onozing'ono zoyendetsedwa ndi magawano, misonkhano yamgwirizanowu, ndi misonkhano yakumaloko. Mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist pakadali pano ndi "umodzi mwamipingo yomwe ikukula mwachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi", wokhala ndi mamembala opitilira 21 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, ndi omvera 25 miliyoni. Kuyambira Meyi 2007, linali bungwe lachipembedzo chachisanu ndi chiwiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso bungwe lachisanu ndi chimodzi lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi amitundu komanso azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, ndipo amasungabe amishonale m'maiko oposa 215. Tchalitchichi chimagwira masukulu opitilira 7,500 kuphatikiza mabungwe opitilira 100 a sekondale, zipatala zambiri, ndi nyumba zosindikizira padziko lonse lapansi, komanso bungwe lothandizira lotchedwa Adventist Development and Relief Agency (ADRA).
+
+Zolemba
+
+Mpingo wa Seventh-day Adventist
+Justin Pierre James Trudeau PC MP (wobadwa Disembala 25, 1971) ndi wandale waku Canada yemwe ndi 23 komanso nduna yayikulu yaku Canada kuyambira Novembala 2015 komanso mtsogoleri wa Liberal Party kuyambira 2013. Trudeau ndi Prime Minister wachiwiri kwambiri ku Canada mbiri pambuyo pa Joe Clark; ndiyenso woyamba kukhala mwana kapena wachibale wina wa omwe adakhalapo kale, ngati mwana wamkulu wa a Pierre Trudeau.
+
+Wobadwira ku Ottawa, Trudeau adapita ku Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, adamaliza maphunziro awo ku McGill University ku 1994 ndi digiri ya zolemba za Bachelor of Arts, kenako ku 1998 adapeza digiri ya Bachelor of Education ku University of British Columbia. Atamaliza maphunziro ake adaphunzitsa Chifalansa, umunthu, masamu ndi zisudzo kusukulu yasekondale ku Vancouver. Poyamba adasamukira ku Montreal ku 2002 kuti akapitilize maphunziro ake; Ntchito yolimbikitsa ntchito yokhudzana ndi achinyamata komanso zachilengedwe ikhala cholinga chake chachikulu kukhala mpando wachinyamata Katimavik komanso ngati director of the non-profit-Canadian Avalanche Association. Mu 2006, adasankhidwa kukhala wapampando wa Liberal Party's Task Force pa Kukonzanso Achinyamata.
+
+Pambuyo pakupambana pachisankho cha feduro ku 2008, adasankhidwa kuyimira kukwera kwa Papineau ku Nyumba Yamalamulo. Adatumikira ngati Wotsutsa Wovomerezeka Wachipani cha Liberal wachinyamata komanso wazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mu 2009, ndipo chaka chotsatira adatsutsidwa chifukwa chokhala nzika komanso kusamukira kudziko lina. Mu 2011, adasankhidwa kukhala wotsutsa maphunziro aku sekondale ndi masewera. Trudeau adapambana utsogoleri wa chipani cha Liberal mu Epulo 2013 ndipo adatsogolera chipani chake kupambana pachisankho cha feduro cha 2015, kusuntha ma Liberals omwe adakhalapo achitatu kuchoka pamipando 36 kupita pamipando 184, chiwonjezeko chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chipani chisanachitike mu zisankho zaku Canada .
+
+Monga Prime Minister, zoyeserera zazikulu zaboma zomwe adachita muulamuliro wawo woyamba ndikuphatikiza kulembetsa chamba chazisangalalo kudzera mu Cannabis Act; kuyesa kusintha kwa Senate pokhazikitsa Independent Advisory Board for Senate Appointments and kukhazikitsa federal carbon tax; pomwe akulimbana ndi kafukufuku wamakhalidwe okhudzana ndi Aga Khan ndipo pambuyo pake, nkhani ya SNC-Lavalin. Pankhani zakunja, boma la Trudeau lidakambirana zamalonda monga United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) ndi Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, ndipo adasaina Mgwirizano wa Paris pa zakusintha kwanyengo.
+
+Pazisankho zonse mu 2019 komanso zisankho za feduro 2021, Trudeau adapeza maudindo ndi maboma ochepa ngakhale onse ataya voti yotchuka; mu 2021 adalandira gawo lotsika kwambiri la mavoti otchuka achipani olamulira mu mbiri yakale yaku Canada. Munthawi yake yachiwiri, adakumana ndi mliri wa COVID-19 ku Canada, adalengeza zakuletsa zida zankhondo poyankha ziwopsezo za 2020 za Nova Scotia, ndipo adakhululukidwa pazolakwitsa zitatu pofufuza zamakhalidwe oyandikana ndi chipongwe cha WE Charity. M'mayiko akunja, adatsogolera zomwe Canada idalephera mu 2020 pokhala membala wakanthawi ku United Nations Security Council.
+
+Zolemba 
+1971 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Michael Peter Todd Spavor (wobadwa 1976) ndi mlangizi waku Canada yemwe wagwira ntchito kwambiri ku North Korea. Ndiwowongolera komanso membala woyambitsa Paektu Cultural Exchange, bungwe la NGO lomwe limathandizira kusinthana kwamasewera, zikhalidwe, zokopa alendo komanso bizinesi yokhudza North Korea.
+
+Mu Disembala 2018, pomwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ku Dandong mbali yaku China kumalire a China-North Korea, Spavor adamangidwa, limodzi ndi a Michael Kovrig, ndi akuluakulu aku China. Kumangidwa kumeneku kunatanthauziridwa kuti ndikubwezera chifukwa chomanga Canada ku Canada Meng Wanzhou. Pa Ogasiti 10, 2021, Spavor adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka 11 chifukwa chazondi. Pa Seputembara 24, 2021, Spavor adamasulidwa atachotsa pempho la Meng Wanzhou loti abwezeretsedwe ngati gawo limodzi la mgwirizano wake wotsutsa ndi Dipatimenti Yachilungamo yaku U.S.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1976 kubadwa
+Expo 2020 (Chiarabu: إكسبو 2020) ndi World Expo, yomwe pano ikusungidwa ndi Dubai ku United Arab Emirates kuyambira 1 Okutobala 2021 mpaka 31 Marichi 2022. Poyambirira idakonzekera 20 Okutobala 2020 mpaka 10 Epulo 2021, idasinthidwa chifukwa cha COVID -19 mliri. Ngakhale anasinthidwa, okonzawo adasungabe dzina loti Expo 2020 pofuna kutsatsa ndi kutsatsa. Ndi nthawi yoyamba kuti Chiwonetsero cha Padziko Lonse chisinthidwe tsiku lina m'malo mochotsedwa. Msonkhano waukulu wa Bureau International des Expositions (BIE) ku Paris wotchedwa Dubai ndi omwe azichita nawo 27 Novembala 2013.
+
+Zolemba 
+Zochitika ku Dubai
+United Arab Emirates (UAE; Chiarabu: الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) kapena Emirates (Chiarabu: الإمارات al-ʾImārāt) nthawi zina imanenedwa kuti Arab Emirates mwamwayi, ndi dziko ku Western Asia komwe kuli kumapeto chakum'mawa kwa Arabia Peninsula. Imadutsa Oman ndi Saudi Arabia, ndipo ili ndi malire apanyanja ku Persian Gulf ndi Qatar ndi Iran.
+
+UAE ndi mafumu osankhidwa opangidwa kuchokera ku federation ya ma emirates asanu ndi awiri, wopangidwa ndi Abu Dhabi (womwe umagwira ntchito ngati likulu), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah ndi Umm Al Quwain. Emirate aliyense amayang'aniridwa ndi Sheikh ndipo, onse, amapanga Federal Supreme Council; m'modzi wa iwo ndi Purezidenti wa United Arab Emirates. Mu 2013, chiwerengero cha UAE chinali 9.2 miliyoni, pomwe 1.4 miliyoni anali nzika za Emirati ndipo 7.8 miliyoni anali ochokera kunja; chiyerekezo cha anthu mu 2020 chinali 9.89 miliyoni.
+
+Chisilamu ndichachipembedzo chovomerezeka ndipo Chiarabu ndicho chilankhulo chovomerezeka. Malo osungira mafuta ndi gasi a UAE ndi achisanu ndi chimodzi komanso chachisanu ndi chiwiri kukula padziko lonse lapansi. A Zared bin Sultan Al Nahyan, wolamulira wa Abu Dhabi ndi purezidenti woyamba mdzikolo, amayang'anira chitukuko cha Emirates pobzala ndalama zamafuta muzachipatala, maphunziro, ndi zomangamanga. Chuma cha UAE ndichosiyana kwambiri pakati pa mamembala onse a Gulf Cooperation Council, pomwe mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri, Dubai, ndi mzinda wapadziko lonse lapansi. Dzikoli layamba kudalira mafuta ndi gasi, ndipo likuyang'ana kwambiri za ntchito zokopa alendo komanso bizinesi. Boma la UAE silikhoma msonkho wa ndalama, ngakhale pali msonkho wamakampani m'malo mwake ndipo msonkho wowonjezera 5% udakhazikitsidwa mu 2018.
+
+UAE imadziwika kuti ndi dera komanso mphamvu yapakati. UAE ndi membala wa United Nations, Arab League, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, OPEC, Non-Aligned Movement, ndi Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). UAE imafotokozedwa kuti ndi boma lokhazika mtima pansi. Malinga ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, pali kuphwanyidwa kwadongosolo laumunthu, kuphatikiza kuzunzidwa ndikukakamizidwa kuzimitsidwa kwa otsutsa aboma.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+United Arab Emirates
+Pa 5 Seputembara 2021, Purezidenti wa Guinea Alpha Condé adagwidwa ndi asitikali ankhondo mdzikolo pomenya nkhondo pambuyo powombera mfuti ku likulu la dziko la Conakry. Mtsogoleri wa asitikali apadera a Mamady Doumbouya adatulutsa wailesi yakanema yaboma yolengeza zakukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ndi boma.
+
+Pambuyo pazaka makumi angapo zakulamulira mwankhanza ku Guinea, a Condé anali mtsogoleri woyamba wadzikolo mwa demokalase. Munthawi yomwe akugwira ntchito, dziko la Guinea lidagwiritsa ntchito chuma chawo potukula chuma, koma anthu ambiri mdzikolo sanakumanepo ndi izi. Mu 2020, a Condé adasintha lamuloli ndi referendum kuti adzilole kuti adzalandire gawo lachitatu, kusintha komwe kudadzetsa ziwonetsero zaku 2019-2020 za Guinea. M'chaka chomaliza cha teremu yachiwiri ndi nthawi yake yachitatu, a Condé adalimbana ndi ziwonetsero komanso otsutsa, ena mwa iwo adafera m'ndende, pomwe boma limayesetsa kuti likhale ndi kukwera mitengo pazinthu zofunika. Mu Ogasiti 2021, poyesa kulinganiza bajeti, Guinea idalengeza zakukweza misonkho, idachepetsa ndalama zomwe amawononga apolisi ndi asitikali, ndikuwonjezera ndalama kuofesi ya Purezidenti ndi National Assembly.
+
+Kuphatikizana kudayamba m'mawa wa 5 Seputembara, pomwe Gulu Lankhondo la Republic of Guinea linazungulira Sekhoutoureah Presidential Palace ndikuzungulira chigawo chachikulu cha boma. Pambuyo pa kuwomberana ndi magulu ankhondo, omenyera ufuluwo, omwe akuwoneka kuti akutsogozedwa ndi a Doumbouya, adamugwira Condé, adalengeza kutha kwa boma ndi mabungwe ake, kufafaniza lamuloli, ndikusindikiza malire. Pomwe andale akumaloko sanatsutse kapena kuthandizira kuwomberako, kulanda kwawo kudakumana ndi zotsutsana ndi mayiko akunja, omwe akufuna kuti boma liziimitsa, kuti akaidi amasulidwe komanso kuti lamulo lalamulo libwerere.
+
+Pa Okutobala 1, 2021, Mamady Doumbouya adalumbiritsidwa kukhala purezidenti wanthawi yayitali.
+
+Chiyambi 
+Kuchokera pa ufulu wadzikoli kuchokera ku France mu 1958 mpaka 2010, Guinea idalamulidwa ndi maulamuliro opondereza kuphatikiza "zaka makumi khumi zaulamuliro wonyansa". Mu 2008, gulu lankhondo linalimbikitsidwa atangomwalira Lansana Conté. Asitikali adasiya ntchito mu 2010. Alpha Condé, Purezidenti woyamba kusankhidwa mwamtendere komanso mwa demokalase kuofesi ya Purezidenti wa Guinea, adayamba kuyang'anira dzikolo mu 2010, ndipo adasankhidwanso mu 2015. Dzikolo linali ndi purezidenti wazaka ziwiri. malire, koma referendum yadziko la 2020 idaphatikizaponso gawo lokulitsa kutalika kwa nthawi ndikulola Condé "kukhazikitsanso" malire ake ndikufunanso magawo ena awiri.
+
+2019-2020 A ku Guinea achita ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi ulamuliro wa Alpha Condé
+
+Izi zidabweretsa mpungwepungwe ndipo zidadzetsa ziwonetsero zazikulu zisanachitike komanso pambuyo pa referendum, zomwe zidaponderezedwa mwankhanza, ndikupha anthu opitilira makumi atatu pakati pa Okutobala 2019 ndi Marichi 2020. Kusintha kwamalamulo atavomerezedwa, Condé adapambana zisankho za Purezidenti wa 2020 ndipo potero muofesi. Izi zidatsatiridwanso ndi ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Purezidenti, pomwe otsutsa adadzudzula Condé chifukwa chovota. Ziwonetsero zidapitilira chaka chonse, ndipo anazunzidwa mwankhanza ndi achitetezo, ndikupha anthu wamba osachepera 12, kuphatikiza ana awiri ku Conakry. France idadzichotsa ku Condé kutsatira zisankho za 2020, kusiya China, Egypt, Russia ndi Turkey kukhala patsogolo mwa mayiko ochepa mwamphamvu omwe adapitilizabe kuthandiza Purezidenti. Izi zidachitika pomwe maiko aku West Africa ndi Central Africa adakumana ndikubwerera m'mbuyo mwa demokalase: Chad idadzilanda okha asitikali mu Epulo 2021, Mali idalandidwa kawiri chaka chimodzi (mu Ogasiti 2020 ndi Meyi 2021), pomwe Ivory Coast idasankha Purezidenti wa Nthawi yachitatu pakakhala mikangano yambiri komanso milandu yabodza.
+
+Kuyambira pachisankho cha purezidenti, andale otsutsa, omwe anali kutsutsa kuvomerezeka kwa zomwe a Condé adachita, adaponderezedwa. Mwachitsanzo, Mamady Condé adamangidwa mu Januware 2021, pomwe Roger Bamba, mtsogoleri wa Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea (UFDG), chipani chotsutsa, ndi Mamadou Oury Barry onse adamwalira mndende. Ndende mdzikolo, malinga ndi Human Rights Watch, zili ndi mavuto ambiri.
+
+Kulanda 
+Kuwomberako kunayamba nthawi ya 08:00 nthawi yakomweko (GMT) pafupi ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo. A Mboni adanena kuti asirikali adadula malo oyandikira Kaloum, omwe amakhala ndi maofesi ambiri aboma, ndipo apolisiwo adauza anthu kuti asatsalire kunyumba. Pomwe Unduna wa Zachitetezo udanenanso kuti ziwopsezozo zidalipo, zithunzi za a Condé akutulutsidwa mnyumbayo zidayamba kuwonekera, ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono, makanema adasungidwa a Condé atasungidwa ndi asitikali aku Guinea, omwe adatsimikizidwa ndi wamkulu Woyang'anira zaku Europe. A Condé akuti akuwasunga mndende.
+
+Colonel Mamady Doumbouya posakhalitsa adalengeza pawailesi yakanema, Radio Télévision Guinéenne, pomwe adati boma ndi mabungwe ake adasungunuka, malamulo adaletsa, komanso malire ndi magawo am'mlengalenga aku Guinea adatsekedwa (pambuyo pake adalongosola kuti dzikolo lidzatsekedwa ku osachepera sabata). Pofalitsa, adati National Committee of Reconciliation and Development (French: Comité national du rassemblement et du développement, CNRD) izitsogolera dzikolo kwa miyezi 18 yosintha. Iwo alimbikitsanso ogwira ntchito kuboma kuti abwerere kuntchito Lolemba, 6 Seputembala, ndipo alamula boma kuti lipezeke pamsonkhano wa 11:00 pa 6 Seputembala, kuwopa kuti angaoneke ngati opanduka. Doumbouya, msirikali wakale wakale waku France yemwe adabwerera ku Guinea ku 2018 kukatenga wamkulu wa Gulu Lankhondo la Spéciales (Gulu Lankhondo Lapadera), gulu lalikulu la asitikali aku Guinea, akuti ndiye amene adayambitsa kuyesayesa.
+
+Purezidenti Condé atachotsedwa paudindo, anthu ambiri adakondwera ndikumva zakulandidwa likulu ndi kumidzi. Madzulo, atsogoleri olanda boma alengeza zakufika panyumba kuyambira 8 koloko masana. pa 5 Seputembala "mpaka chidziwitso china", pomwe amalonjeza kuti asintha oyang'anira zigawo ndi oyang'anira asitikali ankhondo ndikusintha nduna ndi alembi ambiri m'mawa mwake, zomwe zayamba kale kuchitika mdziko muno. Ngakhale anali atafika panyumba, kubedwa kwa masitolo kunachitika m'chigawo cha boma usiku womwewo. Pofika madzulo pa 5 Seputembala, atsogoleri olanda boma alengeza kuti alamulira Conakry yonse ndi asitikali ankhondo, ndipo, malinga ndi a Guinée Matin, asitikali adalamulira oyang'anira maboma pofika pa 6 Seputembala ndipo adayamba kusinthanitsa oyang'anira boma ndi mnzake.
+
+M'mawa mwake, atsogoleri olanda boma adasonkhanitsa nduna za boma ndikuwalamula kuti asatuluke mdzikolo ndikupereka magalimoto awo m'manja mwa asitikali, kwinaku akulonjeza zokambirana "kuti zidziwike komwe zikusintha", kulengeza kuti "boma laumodzi" sinthani izi ndikulonjeza kuti "osasaka mfiti" ali m'manja (ngakhale masiku osintha sanaperekedwe). Pambuyo pake adamangidwa ndikuwatengera ku gulu lankhondo lomwe linali pafupi. Nthawi yofikira kunyumba idachotsedwa m'migodi m'mawa womwewo, koma idakhalabe yokhazikika mdziko lonselo, ndipo malo ogulitsira ambiri akuti adatsekedwa.
+
+Zolemba
+Mamady Doumbouya (N'Ko: ߡߊ߬ߡߊߘߌ߫ ߘߎ߲ߓߎߦߊ߫) ndi msitikali wankhondo waku Guinea yemwe adatsogolera boma la 2021 ku Guinea. Ndi membala wa Special Forces Group komanso wakale wa gulu lankhondo laku France. Patsiku la kuyesayesa kulanda boma, a Doumbouya adulutsa wailesi yakanema yaboma kulengeza kuti gulu lawo lasokoneza boma komanso malamulo. Pa 1 Okutobala 2021, a Doumbouya adalumbira ngati purezidenti wanthawi yayitali.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Karan Armstrong (Disembala 14, 1941 - Seputembara 28, 2021) anali American opatic soprano, yemwe adakondwerera ngati woimba zisudzo. Atapambana Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions mu 1966, adapatsidwa maudindo ang'onoang'ono ku Metropolitan Opera, ndipo adawoneka akutsogolera ku New York City Opera kuyambira 1969, kuphatikiza Conceptión ku Ravel's L'heure espagnol, Blonde ku Die Entführung aus ya Mozart dem Serail, ndi maudindo apamwamba ku Verdi's La traviata, Offenbach's La belle Hélène ndi La fanciulla del West ya Puccini. Atasewera ku Europe kuyambira 1974, woyamba ngati Micaëla ku Bizet's Carmen, kenako ngati Salome wosangalatsa ku Opéra du Rhin, adakhala ndi mwayi wopanga nawo nyumba zazikulu za opera, akuwoneka m'makanema angapo a opera ndi makanema. Armstrong anali wotsogola kwazaka zambiri ku Deutsche Oper Berlin, komwe amuna awo a Götz Friedrich anali director. Adawonekera koyamba padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza a Jesu Hochzeit a Gottfried von Einem, a Uni a Luciano Berio ku ascolto ndi a Der Meister und Margarita aku York Höller. Anapatsidwa dzina la Kammersängerin kawiri.
+
+Mndandanda wa discography 
+ Wagner: Lohengrin (Hofmann; Nelsson, 1982) [live] CBS 
+ Menotti: Songs (Francesch, 1983) Etcetera 
+ Berio: Un re in ascolto (Adam; Maazel, 1984) [live] col legno	
+ Henze: The Bassarids (Riegel; Albrecht, 1986) koch schwann 
+ Landowski: Montségur (G.Quilico; Plasson, 1987) [live] Cybelia 
+ Zemlinsky: Lyric Symphony (Kusnjer; Gregor, 1987–88) Supraphon 
+ Höller: Traumspiel (Zagrosek, 1989) WERGO
+
+Mndandanda wa Makanema
+ Verdi: Falstaff (Bacquier, Stilwell; Solti, Friedrich, 1978–79) Deutsche Grammophon 
+ Wagner: Lohengrin (Hofmann; Nelsson, Friedrich, 1982) [live] EuroArts	
+ Korngold: Die tote Stadt (King; Hollreiser, Friedrich, 1983) [live] Arthaus Musik	
+ "Richard-Wagner-Abend" [includes Wesendonck-Lieder and Isoldes Liebestod] (Adam; Masur, 1988) [live] Kultur ,
+
+Zolemba
+
+1914 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Lonnie Smith (Julayi 3, 1942 - Seputembara 28, 2021), wotchedwa Dr. Lonnie Smith, anali wolemba jazz waku America Hammond B3 yemwe anali membala wa quartet ya George Benson mzaka za 1960. Adalemba ma albino ndi Louxson wa saxophonist wa Blue Note asanasainidwe ngati solo. Iye anali ndi dzina laulendowu. Smith anabadwira ku Lackawanna, New York, pa Julayi 3, 1942.  Adaleredwa ndi amayi ake ndi abambo ake omupeza, ndipo banja linali ndi pulogalamu yamawu komanso wayilesi. Ananenanso kuti amayi ake amamukhudza kwambiri pakumuyimba, popeza adamuphunzitsa za nyimbo za gospel, classical, ndi jazz.
+
+Zolemba 
+1942 kubandwa
+2021 imfa
+Alexander Patrick Greysteil Hore-Ruthven, 2nd Earl wa Gowrie, PC, FRSL (26 Novembala 1939 - 24 Seputembara 2021), wodziwika kuti Grey Gowrie, anali wobadwira ku Ireland wobadwira ku Britain, wandale komanso wabizinesi. Lord Gowrie analinso cholowa cha Clan Chief wa Clan Ruthven ku Scotland. Adaphunzira ku Eton ndi Oxford, ndipo adakhala m'malo ophunzirira kwakanthawi, ku US ndi London, kuphatikiza nthawi yogwira ntchito ndi wolemba ndakatulo Robert Lowell ndi ku Harvard.
+
+Gowrie anali wandale wa Conservative Party kwazaka zingapo, kuphatikiza nthawi ina ku Britain Cabinet. Anali ndiudindo m'malo a ntchito ku Northern Ireland, komanso anali Minister of State for the Arts, komanso Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, yemwe anali ndiudindo wakusintha kwa Civil Service. Adapititsa patsogolo ntchito kwa Secretary of State, wokhala ndiudindo wa maphunziro ku UK, adakana, zomwe zidadzetsa manyazi pomwe adati malipiro a $ 33,000 sanali okwanira kukhala ku London, ngakhale anali owerengeka katatu pamalipiro mumzinda. M'mbuyomu wogulitsa zaluso, adasamukira ku Sotheby kuti amalandire ndalama pafupifupi $ 150,000, amatsogolera mbali zamabizinesi ogulitsa zaluso. Pambuyo pake adatsogolera Arts Council of England (1994-1998).
+
+Adasindikiza ma ndakatulo angapo, ndikutulutsa kotulutsidwa komwe kudatulutsidwa mu 2014, komanso voliyumu ya ojambula Derek Hill; analinso wolemba polemba buku laku Britain. Adamwalira kunyumba kwawo ku Llanfechain, Powys, Wales, mu Seputembara 2021, atadwala kwa nthawi yayitali.
+
+Zolemba 
+1939 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Charles Grier Sellers Jr. (Seputembara 9, 1923 - Seputembara 23, 2021) anali wolemba mbiri waku America. Ogulitsa anali odziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha buku lake The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815-1846, lomwe limapereka tanthauzo latsopano pazochitika zachuma, zachikhalidwe, komanso zandale zomwe zikuchitika nthawi ya Market Revolution yaku United States. Ogulitsa anabadwira ku Charlotte, North Carolina, pa Seputembara 9, 1923. Amayi ake, Cora Irene (Templeton), ankagwira ntchito pagulu lampingo; abambo ake, a Charles Grier Sellers, anali wamkulu ku Standard Oil ndipo adachokera ku banja la "alimi awiri". Ogulitsa anali birder wokonda kwambiri; mu 1937, ali ndi zaka 14 adakhazikitsa Mecklenburg Audubon Club ndi Elizabeth Clarkson ndi Beatrice Potter, omwe pambuyo pake adadzakhala Mecklenburg Audubon Society. Adalandira Bachelor of Arts kuchokera ku Harvard College ku 1945, komwe amakhala ku Grays Hall mchaka chake chatsopano. Kumaliza maphunziro ake kunachedwa mpaka 1947 atatumizidwa mu 85th Infantry Regiment ya 10th Mountain Division (asitikali ankhondo) a US Army. Anagwira ntchito yankhondo kuyambira 1943 mpaka 1945 ndipo adakwanitsa kukhala sergeant wantchito. Analandira Doctor of Philosophy wake ku University of North Carolina ku Chapel Hill ku 1950.
+1923 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Waka Joseph Nathan (8 Julayi 1940 - 24 Seputembara 2021) anali wosewera wa rugby ku New Zealand yemwe adasewera mgwirizano wa rugby ku timu ya dziko la New Zealand ("All Blacks") ngati wosewera. Zomwe amachita pamunda zidamupatsa dzina loti "The Black Panther". Nathan adabadwira ku Auckland pa 8 Julayi 1940. Anali m'modzi mwa ana asanu ndi anayi a Samuel Taia Nathan ndi Irene Huakore (née Randall). Anaphunzira Mangere Central Primary School ndi Otahuhu College. Whakapapa wa Nathan adaphatikizapo Ngāpuhi, Te Roroa ndi Waikato Tainui.
+
+Nathan adayamba kusewera rugby ali mwana ku sukulu yake yasekondale komanso kusekondale. Adasewera machesi odziwika bwino motsutsana ndi Seddon Memorial technical College panthawi yokonza zotchinga pamasewera a Test a 1956 pakati pa New Zealand ndi Australia ku Eden Park, limodzi ndi mnzake Mack Herewini. Otahuhu College idapambananso mpikisano wa Auckland Schoolboys chaka chotsatira. Nathan anapitiliza kusewera Otahuhu Rugby Club.
+1940 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Sabam Gunung Panangian Sirait (13 Okutobala 1936 - 29 Seputembara 2021) anali wandale wamkulu waku Indonesia. Anali membala wa DPD RI kuyambira 15 Januware 2018 mpaka kumwalira kwawo pa 29 Seputembara 2021. Sabam ndiye bambo wa Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Indonesia komanso membala wa PDIP Maruarar Sirait.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Sabam Sirait adabadwa pa 13 Okutobala 1936, ku Tanjungbalai, komwe tsopano ndi North Sumatra, mwana wamwamuna wa Unduna wa Zantchito Frederick Hendra Sirait komanso wogulitsa mpunga Julia Sibuea. Abambo ake pambuyo pake adzakhala m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Indonesian Christian Party (Parkindo).
+
+Banja 
+Sabam Sirait adakwatirana ndi Sondang Sidabutar, dokotala waku University of North Sumatra, pa 25 Marichi 1969. Patsiku lokumbukira zaka 50 atakwatirana ku Kartini Hall, Jakarta, Sabam adatulutsa buku lotchedwa Berpolitik Bersama 7 Presiden (Politics with Presidents Asanu ndi awiri). Mwambo wokumbukira ukwatiwu udachitika ndi anthu ofunikira, monga Spika wa DPR Bambang Soesatyo, Minister of Law and Human Rights Yasonna Laoly, ndi Spika wa DPR Prasetyo Edi Marsudi wa Jakarta.
+
+Imfa 
+Sabam adamwalira ku Siloam Hospital, Tangerang, pa 29 Seputembara 2021 ali ndi zaka 84, kutatsala milungu iwiri kuti akwaniritse zaka 85. Zomwe zimamupha sizikudziwika pakadali pano.
+
+Zolemba 
+1936 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Fumio Kishida (岸 田 文 雄, Kishida Fumio, wobadwa pa 29 Julayi 1957) ndi wandale waku Japan yemwe amatumikira monga Prime Minister waku Japan. Adatsogolela Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) kuyambira 29 Seputembara 2021. Membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo, adagwirapo kale ngati Minister of Foreign Affairs kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2017 ndipo ngati Minister of Defense ku 2017 adatsogolela LDP. Policy Research Council kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2020. Adapambana chisankho cha 2021 LDP ndi 60.2% ya mavoti omwe adachitika motsutsana ndi Taro Kono, ndipo adalowa m'malo mwa mtsogoleri wachipani wakale Yoshihide Suga kukhala Prime Minister waku Japan pa 4 Okutobala 2021.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1957 kubadwa
+Sisay Lemma Kasaye (wobadwa pa 12 Disembala 1990) ndiothamanga waku Ethiopia wautali.
+
+Ntchito 
+Lemma adayamba ntchito yake ali ndi zaka 17 ndipo adayamba mpikisano wopanda nsapato chifukwa chosowa nsapato.
+
+Mu 2012, adapambana Maratona d'Italia. Mu 2013, anali wachisanu mu Tiberias Marathon, adapambana Orlen Warsaw Marathon ndipo adamaliza wachinayi pa Eindhoven Marathon.
+
+Mu 2015, anali wachisanu ku Dubai Marathon mu Januware mu 2:07:06, adapambana Vienna City Marathon mu Epulo mu 2:07:31 komanso Frankfurt Marathon mu Okutobala pomwe adachita 2:06:26 .
+
+Mu 2016 adachita bwino kwambiri mpaka 2:05:16 ku Dubai Marathon komwe adamaliza wachinayi.
+
+Mu 2017 adakhala wachitatu ku Dubai Marathon mu Januware komanso wachinayi ku Chicago Marathon mu Okutobala koma sanamalize Boston Marathon mu Epulo.
+
+Mu 2018 adayamba nyengo ndi kumaliza malo achisanu ku Dubai Marathon pa 26 Januware ndi 2:04:08. Mu Okutobala, adaphwanya mbiri ya Ljubljana Marathon ndi nthawi ya 2:04:58.
+
+Anamaliza wachitatu pa 2019 Berlin Marathon, ndikuwongolera bwino kwambiri mpaka 2:03:36.
+
+Mu 2020, adamaliza lachitatu ku Tokyo Marathon pa 1 Marichi nthawi ya 2:04:51.
+
+Pa 2020 London Marathon, adamaliza m'malo achitatu ndi nthawi ya 2.05: 45.
+
+Lemma adapambana 2021 London Marathon, munthawi ya 2.04.01.
+
+1990 kubadwa
+Joyciline Jepkosgei (wobadwa pa 8 Disembala 1993) ndi mkazi wa ku Kenya wothamanga mtunda wautali yemwe amapikisana nawo mtunda wautali kuchokera ku 10,000 mita mpaka marathon. Ndiwosunga rekodi-marathon yapadziko lonse lapansi pamipikisano ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi mphindi 64:51, komanso wolemba rekodi mu 10 km yokhala ndi mphindi 29:43. Anali mendulo ya mkuwa yopitilira 10,000 m ku African Championships in Athletics mu 2016. Jepkosgei adalemba mbiri yapadziko lonse ya theka la marathon pa 1:04:52 pa Sportisimo Prague Half Marathon mu Epulo 2017, kukhala mayi woyamba kuphwanya Mphindi 65. Anaphwanyiranso zosavomerezeka zolemba za IAAF za 10 km, 15 km ndi 20 km panjira, ndikuphwanya zolemba zinayi zapadziko lonse lapansi kamodzi. Anakhalanso Kenya woyamba kuphwanya zolemba zisanu ndi chimodzi zapadziko lonse miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
+
+Zabwino zanu 
+Mamita 5000 (njanji yakunja) - 15: 40.0 (2016)
+
+Makilomita 5 (msewu) - 14:53 (2017)
+
+Mamita 10,000 (njanji) - 31: 28.28 (2016)
+
+Makilomita 10 (msewu) - 29:43 (2017) WR
+
+Makilomita 15 (msewu) - 45:37 (2017)
+
+Makilomita 20 (msewu) - 1:01:25 (2017) WR
+
+Theka marathon - 1:04:51 (2017)
+
+Zolemba 
+1993 kubadwa
+London Marathon ya 2021 inali kuthamanga kwa 41 kwa Marathon yapachaka ku London pa 3 Okutobala 2021. Chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19, mpikisanowu udasinthidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala kuti uwonjezere mwayi woti achitepo kanthu pagulu.
+
+Zochitika zapamwamba zidapambanidwa ndi Sisay Lemma waku Ethiopia ndi Joyciline Jepkosgei waku Kenya, pa 2:04:01 ndi 2:17:43, motsatana. Mipikisano ya olumala idapambanidwa ndi Marcel Hug ndi Manuela Schär, onse aku Switzerland, mu 1:26:27 ndi 1:39:52, motsatana. Onse awiri Hug ndi Schär adalemba zolemba zawo, pomwe Hug adaswa zikalata za Australia za Kurt Fearnley za 1:28:57 zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 2009, ndipo Schär adalemba mbiri yake ya 1:39:57 yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2017.
+
+Chifukwa cha mliri wa COVID-19, mpikisanowu udasinthidwa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala kuti uwonjezere mwayi woti achitepo kanthu pagulu. Mpikisano udathamangitsidwa pa 3 Okutobala, ndipo udali wachiwiri mwa asanu Marathon Majors omwe adachitika mu 2021; zochitika zonse zaziwonetsero zikuchitika kwa milungu isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka koyambirira kwa Novembala. Ochita nawo mpikisano onse osankhika amayenera kutenga mayeso a COVID PCR pafupipafupi, pomwe iwo omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsonkhano amayenera kupereka chitsimikizo cha mayeso oyenda pambuyo pake. Osewera othamanga ku Africa adapita nawo pamwambowu pa ndege zapaulendo kuti achepetse chiopsezo cha COVID-19.
+
+Mphoto ya omwe adapambana pampikisano wapamwamba inali $ 55,000, pomwe ndalama zonse zimaperekedwa $ 313,000.
+
+Zolemba 
+2021 Marathon
+Yoshihide Suga (菅 義 偉, Suga Yoshihide, wobadwa pa 6 Disembala 1948) ndi wandale waku Japan yemwe adatumikira ngati Prime Minister waku Japan komanso Purezidenti wa Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) kuyambira 2020 mpaka 2021. Adatumikiranso ngati Chief Secretary Secretary pa kukonzanso kwachiwiri kwa Prime Minister Shinzo Abe kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2020. Munthawi yoyamba ya Abe, Suga adakhala Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications kuyambira 2006 mpaka 2007.
+
+Wobadwira m'banja la alimi a sitiroberi kumidzi yakumidzi ya Akita, Suga adasamukira ku Tokyo atamaliza maphunziro ake kusekondale, komwe adalembetsa ku Hosei University. Atangomaliza maphunziro ake a Bachelor of Laws, Suga adakhala wothandizira Woimira Hikosaburo Okonogi ku 1975, asanalowe nawo ndale pomwe adasankhidwa kukhala Nyumba Yamalamulo Yokohama ku 1987. Mu chisankho cha 1996, Suga adasankhidwa kukhala Nyumba Yamalamulo, kuyimira chigawo chachiwiri cha Kanagawa ngati membala wa Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
+
+Munthawi ya Zakudya, Suga adakhala mnzake wapamtima wa Secretary Secretary wa a Shinzo Abe. Pamene Abe adakhala Prime Minister koyamba mu 2006, adasankha Suga ku Cabinet kuti akhale Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications. Suga adachoka ku Cabinet patatha chaka chimodzi, koma LDP itapambana zisankho mu 2012, Suga adasankhidwa kukhala Secretary Secretary, udindo womwe adzagwire nthawi yonse yachiwiri ya Abe ngati Prime Minister. Izi zidamupangitsa kukhala Secretary Secretary wamkulu wazaka zambiri ku Japan. Mu Seputembara 2020, Abe atalengeza kuti atula pansi udindo chifukwa chodwala, Suga adalengeza kuti apikisana nawo pachisankho chotsatira cha utsogoleri wa LDP. Anthu ambiri amamuwona ngati wotsogola, Suga adapambana chisankho pa 14 Seputembala ndi 70% ya mavoti. Patadutsa masiku awiri, adasankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister ndi The Diet ndikusankhidwa ndi Emperor Naruhito, kumupanga kukhala Prime Minister woyamba woyamba wa nthawi ya Reiwa.
+
+Atasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa LDP, Suga adati utsogoleri wake uganizira kwambiri zopitilira patsogolo mfundo zachuma ndi zolinga za kayendetsedwe ka Abe, kuphatikiza kuchotsa chigamulo chankhondo mu Article 9 ya Constitution ya Japan, ndikupulumutsa omangidwa ku Japan kuchokera ku North Korea. Utsogoleri wa Suga udangoyang'ana kwambiri poyankha mliri wa COVID-19, kuphatikiza kuyang'anira kutulutsa katemera mdziko muno. Nthawi yomwe Suga anali kuntchito idachititsanso kuti kuchedwa kwa Olimpiki Achilimwe a 2020 ndi Ma Paralympics ku Tokyo komanso kulengeza kwa pulani yaku Japan kuti ifikire kusalowerera ndale pofika 2050.
+
+Pomwe Suga adayamba kugwira ntchito yake yotchuka, kuvomerezedwa kwake kudagwa mwachangu chifukwa chosakhutira pagulu ndi momwe boma likuyang'anira mliri wa COVID-19 ndikuwongolera Masewera a Olimpiki omwe akuchedwa. Pamapeto pa utsogoleri wa Suga, anali kujambula zina mwazovomerezeka kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Japan. Polimbana ndi kukayikira kwa chipani chake pokonzekera chisankho cha 2021 LDP komanso zisankho zikubwera za 2021, Suga adalengeza pa 3 Seputembara 2021 kuti safuna kusankhidwanso ngati Purezidenti wa LDP, yemwe adamaliza nthawi yake monga Prime Minister atangotsala kamodzi chaka.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1948 kubadwa
+Pa 15:39 UTC pa Okutobala 4, 2021, malo ochezera a ku America a Facebook ndi othandizira ake, kuphatikiza Messenger, Instagram, WhatsApp, Mapillary, ndi Oculus, adapezeka padziko lonse lapansi kwa maola opitilira asanu ndi awiri. Mapulogalamuwa atawonongeka, ogwiritsa ntchito adayamba kusamukira ku Twitter, Discord, ndi Telegraph, zomwe zidapangitsa kusokonezeka kwa ma seva a mapulogalamuwa. Kuzimaku kunayambitsidwa chifukwa cha kutayika kwa njira za IP kupita kuma seva a Facebook Domain Name (DNS), omwe onse anali odziyang'anira pawokha panthawiyo. Njira zapa Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) zidabwezeretsedwanso pazinthu zoyambira pafupifupi 20:50, ndipo ntchito za DNS zidayamba kupezeka nthawi ya 21:05 UTC, koma ntchito zosanjikiza zidabwezeredwa pang'onopang'ono pa Facebook, Instagram, ndi WhatsApp zambiri kuposa ola limodzi pambuyo pake, atatha kupitirira maola asanu ndi awiri.
+
+Zoyambitsa 
+Akatswiri azachitetezo adazindikira kuti vutoli lidachotsedwa ngati Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) yochotsa ma adilesi a IP pomwe ma Domain Name Domain adasungidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asamavutike kuthana ndi maina a Facebook ndi maina ena, ndikufikira ntchito. Zotsatira zake zidawonekera padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo wopereka chithandizo ku Internet ku Switzerland Init7 adalemba kutsika kwakukulu kwa intaneti pamasamba a Facebook pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Border Gateway Protocol.
+
+Kentik ndi Cloudflare adanenanso kuti nthawi ya 15:39 UTC Facebook idapanga zosintha zingapo za BGP, kuphatikiza njira zopita kuzinthu zoyambirira za IP zomwe zimaphatikizira mayina awo onse ovomerezeka. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ma seva a Facebook a DNS asapezeke pa intaneti. Pofika 15:50 UTC, madera a Facebook anali atatha nthawi yayitali kuchokera pazosunga anthu onse. Kutatsala pang'ono kuti 21:00 UTC ipite, Facebook idayambiranso kulengeza zosintha za BGP, pomwe dzina la Facebook lidayambiranso pa 21:05 UTC.
+
+Pafupifupi 22:45 UTC, Facebook ndi ntchito zokhudzana nazo zimapezeka nthawi zambiri.
+
+Yankho 
+Chief Technology Officer wa Facebook a Mike Schroepfer adalemba kupepesa patatha nthawi yopumula mpaka maola angapo, akunena kuti, "Matimu akugwira ntchito mwachangu momwe angathetsere ndikubwezeretsa mwachangu momwe angathere."
+
+Woimira ku America a Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez adatumiza mawu pa tsambali, ndikupempha anthu kuti agawane "nkhani zofotokoza" pa Twitter, akunyoza mbiri ya Facebook pofalitsa zomwe zili zokayikitsa. Twitter ndi Reddit adayikiranso ma tweets pamaakaunti awo a Twitter omwe amanyoza kutuluka.
+
+Ogwiritsa ntchito onse a Twitter ndi Telegalamu adanenanso zakuchedwa munthawi zoyankha, zomwe zimakhulupirira kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi anthu nthawi zambiri pa Facebook omwe amasinthana nawo.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Facebook
+Chisankho cha 2021 Liberal Democratic Party chidachitika pa 29 Seputembara 2021 kuti asankhe Purezidenti wotsatira wa Liberal Democratic Party yaku Japan. Wopambana pachisankho akuyembekezeka kukhala Prime Minister wotsatira waku Japan, ndipo azitsogolera chipanichi pazisankho zikubwera ku 2021 ku Japan.
+
+Purezidenti wa chipanichi komanso Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga adalengeza pa 3 Seputembala kuti sadzayimilanso zisankho, ngakhale kuvomerezedwa kocheperako komanso malipoti atolankhani zakusagwirizana mchipanichi. Suga adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa LDP mu 2020 kuti atumikire ena onse a Prime Minister wakale Shinzo Abe atasiya ntchito mu Ogasiti 2020 chifukwa chazovuta.
+
+Nduna yakale ya Zachilendo Fumio Kishida adapambana zisankho pamphindi wachiwiri, kugonjetsa wotsutsana naye Taro Kono, Minister wogwirizira pa Administrative Reform and Regulatory Reform. Kupambana kwa Kishida kudachitika chifukwa chothandizidwa mwamphamvu pakati pa mamembala a LDP Zakudya, pomwe Kono adatsogolera zisankho zisanachitike zisankho ndikupambana mavoti ambiri kuchokera kwa mamembala achipani omwe amalipira. Kishida akuyembekezeredwa kutsimikiziridwa ndi Zakudya ngati Prime Minister wa 100 waku Japan pa 4 Okutobala 2021.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Chisankho
+Prime Minister waku Japan (mwamwayi amatchedwa PMOJ) ndiye mtsogoleri waboma la Japan, wamkulu wa National Cabinet and the chief-chief of the Japanese Armed Forces; Amasankhidwa ndi Emperor waku Japan atasankhidwa ndi National Diet ndipo akuyenera kukhala ndi chidaliro ku Nyumba ya Oyimilira kuti apitiliza kugwira ntchito. Ndiye mutu wa nduna ndipo amasankha ndikuchotsa nduna zina zaboma. Kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa dzina laku Japan ku ofesiyo ndi Minister of the Comprehensive Administration of (kapena Presidency over) a Cabinet.
+
+Prime minister wapano ku Japan ndi a Fumio Kishida, omwe adalowa m'malo mwa Yoshihide Suga pa 4 Okutobala 2021.
+
+Mbiri 
+Lamulo la Meiji lisanakhazikitsidwe, dziko la Japan silinachite kulembedwa. Poyambirira, dongosolo lalamulo louziridwa ndi Chitchaina lotchedwa ritsuryō lidakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo ya Asuka komanso nthawi yoyambirira ya Nara. Idalongosola boma lotsogozedwa ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso wopindulitsa, wogwira ntchito, mwamalingaliro, motsogozedwa ndi Emperor; ngakhale pakuchita, mphamvu zenizeni nthawi zambiri zimachitikira kwina, monga m'manja mwa banja la Fujiwara, omwe adakwatirana ndi Imperial Family munthawi ya Heian, kapena ndi wolamulira shōgun. Mwachidziwitso, ritsuryō code yomalizira, Yōrō Code yomwe inakhazikitsidwa mu 752, inali ikugwirabe ntchito pa nthawi ya Kubwezeretsa kwa Meiji.
+
+Pansi pa dongosolo lino, a Daijō-daijin (太 政 大臣, Chancellor of the Realm) anali mtsogoleri wa Daijō-kan (Dipatimenti Yaboma), bungwe lalikulu kwambiri m'boma lachifumu lakale ku Japan munthawi ya Heian mpaka pano Constitution ya Meiji ndikusankhidwa kwa Sanjō Sanetomi ku 1871. Ofesiyi idasinthidwa mu 1885 ndikusankhidwa kwa Itō Hirobumi kukhala Prime Minister, zaka zinayi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution ya Meiji, komwe sikunatchuleko Cabinet kapena udindo a Prime Minister momveka bwino. Zinatenga mawonekedwe ake pakadali pano kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution of Japan ku 1947.
+
+Pakadali pano, anthu 64 agwiranso ntchitoyi. Prime minister yemwe watenga nthawi yayitali mpaka pano ndi Shinzō Abe, yemwe adatumikira monga prime minister munjira ziwiri: kuyambira 26 Seputembara 2006 mpaka 26 Seputembara 2007, komanso kuyambira 26 Disembala 2012 mpaka 16 Seputembara 2020.
+
+Ziyeneretso 
+
+ Ayenera kukhala membala wa nyumba iliyonse yazakudya. (Izi zikutanthauza zaka zosachepera 25 komanso kufunikira kokhala dziko la Japan.)
+ Ayenera kukhala wamba. Izi sizikuphatikiza mamembala achitetezo a Japan. Asitikali akale amatha kusankhidwa, Yasuhiro Nakasone ndi chitsanzo chabwino.
+
+Zolemba 
+Ndale ku Japan
+National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA / ˈnæsə /) ndi bungwe lodziyimira palokha la boma la U.S. NASA idakhazikitsidwa mu 1958, kutsata National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Bungwe latsopanoli liyenera kukhala lotsogola, lolimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mwamtendere sayansi yasayansi. Chiyambire kukhazikitsidwa, zoyesayesa zambiri zaku US zakutsogola zakhala zikutsogoleredwa ndi NASA, kuphatikiza malo okwera a Apollo Moon, station ya Skylab, kenako Space Shuttle. NASA ikuthandizira International Space Station ndipo ikuyang'anira ntchito yopanga zombo za Orion, Space Launch System, Commerce Crew magalimoto, ndi malo okonzekera malo a Lunar Gateway. Bungweli lilinso ndi udindo wa Launch Services Program, yomwe imayang'anira ntchito zoyambitsa ndi kuwongolera kuwerengera kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa NASA kosadziwika.
+
+Sayansi ya NASA imayang'ana kwambiri pakumvetsetsa Dziko Lapansi kudzera pa Earth Observation System; kupititsa patsogolo heliophysics kudzera mu kuyesetsa kwa Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program; kuyang'ana matupi mu Dzuwa ndi zida zapamwamba za robotic monga New Horizons; ndikufufuza mitu ya astrophysics, monga Big Bang, kudzera mu Great Observatories ndi mapulogalamu ena.
+
+Mishoni 
+NASA yakhazikitsa maulendo opitilira 500 m'mbiri yake yazaka 50. Ntchito zopitilira 150 zidakwera anthu. Mautumiki oterewa ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo ndiotchuka kwambiri koma zotsegulira zambiri ndizofufuza mlengalenga, sayansi, ndi zina zomwe sizikusowa anthu. Zombo za NASA monga Cassini-Huygens ndi pulogalamu ya Voyager zayendera dziko lonse lapansi mu Solar System. Zombo zinayi za NASA zasiya Solar System, Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10 ndi Pioneer 11. Pofika mu 2013 Voyager 1 ili pafupi makilomita 18,800,000,000 (18.8 biliyoni) kuchokera Padziko Lapansi.
+
+Zolemba
+Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (23 Marichi 1912-16 June 1977) anali injiniya komanso wasayansi waku Germany. Adagwira ngati roketi wopanga pakati pa 1930s ndi 1970s. Anthu ena amati anali injiniya wofunikira kwambiri wa rocket m'zaka za zana la 20. Ankagwirira ntchito a Nazi munkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, adapita ku United States. Kumeneko, adagwira ntchito ku NASA. Mu 1955, zaka khumi atalowa mdzikolo, von Braun adakhala nzika yaku US.
+
+Anali m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga rocket ya V-2, roketi yoyamba kuwuluka mpaka kuthambo. Adapanganso roketi ya Saturn V, yomwe idatengera anthu kumwezi mu 1969.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Von Braun adabadwira ku Wirsitz (lero: Wyrzysk) ku Poland pa 23 Marichi 1912. Abambo ake anali wamkulu wa banki yofunikira. Munthawi ya Republic of Weimar, abambo ake anali nduna ya chakudya ndi ulimi, a Magnus Freiherr von Braun. Amayi a Von Braun anali a Emmy von Quistorp, mwana wamkazi wa membala wa Prussian House of Lords.
+
+Mu 1920, adasamukira ku Berlin. M'zaka zoyambira sukulu, von Braun adapita kusukulu yasekondale yaku France ku Berlin. Ali ndi zaka 13, adapeza telescope. Mphatso iyi idadzutsa chidwi chake pa zakuthambo. Chifukwa cha zipsera zoyipa, von Braun adayenera kupita kusukulu ya boarding kufupi ndi Weimar, mu 1925. Adagula ndi ndalama zake zowonjezera buku la Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (Chingerezi: The Rocket into Interplanetary Space) lolembedwa ndi Hermann Oberth, womwe ndi maziko a kafukufuku wamakono wa rocket. Mu 1928, adapita kusukulu ya boarding yotchedwa Hermann-Lietz-Internat pachilumba cha Spiekeroog ku Germany. Mu 1930, adakhoza mayeso ake omaliza.
+
+Anayamba kuphunzira ku Technical University of Berlin mchilimwe cha 1930. Von Braun adaphunziranso ku ETH Zurich, mu 1931. Kumapeto kwa Seputembara 1931, adabwerera ku Berlin.
+
+Zolemba 
+1912 kubadwa
+1977 imfa
+Abdulrazak Gurnah FRSL (wobadwa pa 20 Disembala 1948) ndi wolemba komanso wophunzira yemwe amakhala ku United Kingdom. Adabadwira ku Sultanate waku Zanzibar ndipo adapita ku United Kingdom ngati wothawa kwawo mzaka za 1960 nthawi ya Revolution ya Zanzibar. Mabuku ake ndi monga Paradise (1994), yemwe adasankhidwa kukhala Booker komanso Mphoto ya Whitbread; Kuthawa (2005); and By the Sea (2001), yomwe idasankhidwa kukhala Booker ndipo idasankhidwa kukhala Mphotho ya Los Angeles Times Book. Gurnah adapatsidwa mphotho ya Nobel mu Literature mu 2021 "chifukwa chololera mosasunthika komanso mwachifundo pazotsatira za atsamunda komanso zomwe zidachitika kwa othawa kwawo kudera pakati pazikhalidwe ndi makontinenti".
+
+Moyo woyambirira komanso ntchito 
+Abdulrazak Gurnah adabadwa pa 20 Disembala 1948 ku Sultanate of Zanzibar, komwe tsopano ndi gawo la Tanzania yamakono. Anachoka pachilumbachi ali ndi zaka 18 kutsatira kulanda kwa olamulira achiarabu olamulira mu Revolution ya Zanzibar, atafika ku England mu 1968 ngati wothawa kwawo. A Gurnah adanenedwa kuti, "Ndidabwera ku England pomwe mawu awa, monga ofunafuna chitetezo, sanali ofanana - anthu ambiri akuvutika ndikuthawa mayiko achigawenga."
+
+Poyamba adaphunzira ku Christ Church College, ku Canterbury, omwe madigiri awo anali panthawi yomwe amapatsidwa ndi University of London. Kenako adasamukira ku Yunivesite ya Kent, komwe adapeza PhD yake, ndi mutu wazolemba wotchedwa Criteria in the Criticism of West African Fiction, mu 1982. Kuyambira 1980 mpaka 1983, Gurnah adakambirana ku Bayero University Kano ku Nigeria. Anali pulofesa ku dipatimenti ya Chingerezi ya University of Kent mpaka atapuma pantchito.
+
+Gurnah adasindikiza magawo awiri a Essays on African Writing ndipo adafalitsa zolemba za olemba angapo amakono omwe adalemba pambuyo pa ukoloni, kuphatikiza V. Naipaul, Salman Rushdie ndi Zoë Wicomb. Ndiye mkonzi wa A Companion kwa Salman Rushdie (Cambridge University Press, 2007). Wakhala mkonzi wothandizira wa Wasafiri kuyambira 1987. Wakhala woweruza wa mphotho kuphatikiza Caine Prize for African Writing ndi Booker Prize.
+
+Zolemba 
+1948 kubadwa
+Chivomezi chinagunda chigawo cha Balochistan ku Pakistan pafupi ndi mzinda wa Harnai pa 7 Okutobala 2021. Chivomerezi champhamvu kwambiri cha 5.9 Mwb chinawomba m'mawa kwambiri pa 03:31 nthawi yakomweko, ndikupha anthu osachepera 24 ndikuvulaza 300. Chivomerezicho chidachitika tsiku limodzi chikumbutso cha chivomerezi cha Kashmir mu 2005.
+
+Kukhazikitsa kwamatsenga 
+Pakistan imakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa Indian Plate ndi Eurasian Plate. M'mphepete chakumpoto kwa malire osinthika a India-Eurasia pali Main Himalayan Thrust yomwe imagwirizira kugunda kwakumpoto chakumwera. Kulakwitsa kudera lachihindu la Kush ndi Himalaya ndichotsatira chachindunji cha kulumikizana kwa mbale. M'dera la Balochistan, kulumikizana kuli kovuta kwambiri, kukhudza Chaman Fault yayikulu; dongosolo lakumenyera kumanzere. Ngakhale gawo lalikulu lamalire limakhala ndi zolakwitsa, chigawochi chimakhalanso ndi khola la Sulaiman. Kukankha ndi kupinda kwakukulu kwachitika mkati mwa miyala ya ~ 10-km-thick sedimentary yomwe ili pamwamba pa malire a India-Eurasia; chojambula chapafupi, chopindika chakumpoto. Chivomerezi cha Kashmir cha 2005 chinachitika pafupi ndi Main Himalayan Thrust. Chivomerezi chaposachedwa kwambiri komanso chokulirapo cha 7.7 mu 2013 ku Balochistan chidachitika chifukwa choloza oblique pamalire am'mbali kwambiri. Chivomerezichi chinapha anthu osachepera 800 ndipo chinawononga kwambiri chigawochi. Pafupi ndi derali panali chivomerezi cha Mwc 7.1 mu 1997 chomwe chidakantha kumwera chakum'mawa, ndikupha anthu osachepera 60. Chivomerezichi chinalinso ndi mphamvu koma chinachitika mwangozi.
+
+Chivomerezi 
+Malinga ndi US Geological Survey, chivomerezicho chidachitika panthawi yophulika kwamphamvu yomwe ili gawo la khola ndi lamba pansi pa Sulaiman Mountains ndi Central Brāhui Range. Anatsatiridwa ndi kugwedeza kwakukulu kwa 4.6 pambuyo pake. Chinali chivomerezi chachikulu kwambiri ku Pakistan kuyambira pomwe kunagwedezeka kwakukulu mu 2013 kudachitika chapafupi. Chivomerezichi chidakonzedwanso kuchokera pakuyerekeza koyamba kwa 5.7 pa 20.8 km kuya kufika 5.9 pa 9.0 km. GFZ Germany Research Center for Geosciences idayika zivomezi zazikulu pa Mw 5.8 pakuya kwamakilomita 10 ndi yankho lakanthawi kochepa lomwe likuwonetsa kulakwitsa.
+
+Zotsatira 
+Pofika m'mawa kwambiri nthawi ya 03:00 nthawi yakomweko, chivomerezichi chinagwetsa nyumba zambiri pomwe anthu anali atagona. Malinga ndi a Provincial Disaster Management Authority (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) (PDMA), kuwonongeka kwakukulu kudanenedwa mdera la Harnai ndi Shahrag, komwe nyumba zopitilira matope zoposa 100 zidawonongedwa. Zowonongekazo zidanenedwa m'mizinda ya Sibi ndi Quetta. Nduna Yowona Zachigawo Mir Ziaullah Langau adati kugumuka kwa nthaka kwatseka misewu yopita kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa, ndikusokoneza ntchito zopulumutsa ndi kukonzanso. Nyumba zambiri mdera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndizomangidwa ndi matope ndi miyala, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwa kapena kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi zivomerezi. Wachiwiri kwa Commissioner ku Boma la Balochistan, Suhail Anwar Hashmi adati anthu ambiri omwe amwalira chifukwa cha kugwa kwa denga ndi khoma.
+
+Osauka 
+Anthu osachepera 24 amwalira, makamaka azimayi ndi ana. Anthu ambiri omwe sanatchulidwepo anaikidwa m'manda pansi pa zinyumba za nyumba zomwe zinagwetsedwa ndikupulumutsidwa ndi opulumuka. Pafupifupi anthu 300 adavulala, ndipo zipatala zambiri ku Balochistan zidadzazidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa odwala. Anthu khumi ovulala, makamaka amuna ndi akulu adatengedwa pa ndege kupita ku Quetta.
+
+Madzulo tsiku lomwelo la zochitikazo, mwambo wamaliro unachitikira anthu omwe adamwalira. Chipatala chachigawo ku Harnai chinalandira mitembo 15 ndi ana ambiri ovulala kwambiri. Odwala ambiri amathandizidwa kunja kwa nyumba ya chipatala chifukwa chokwera kwambiri. Anthu anayi anafa anali ogwira ntchito m'migodi ya malasha pamene mgodi wawo unagwa. Ogwira ntchito malasha ambiri ku Balochistan nawonso akuti akusowa, mwina atsekeredwa. Nthawi ina, mayi ndi ana ake awiri anaphedwa atagona nyumba yawo itagwa. Mtsikana wina, wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu, adapezeka atatsala pang'ono kufa. Ana asanu ndi mmodzi anali pakati pa akufa, kuphatikiza khanda la chaka chimodzi..
+
+Yankho 
+Kutsatira chivomerezichi, asitikali ankhondo a Pakistan adatumizidwa ku Harnai kuti akathandize pothandiza ndi kuthandiza. Osachepera asanu ndi anayi ovulala omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala adanyamulidwa kudzera ma helikopita kuchokera kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa kupita ku Quetta. Bungwe la Inter-Services Public Relations, gulu lankhondo, ogwira ntchito zachipatala, ogwira ntchito poyankha, komanso akuluakulu akugwira ntchito limodzi kuti athandize pantchito zopulumutsa ndi zothandiza. Gulu lofufuza ndi kupulumutsa anthu ku Rawalpindi lidatumizidwa ku Harnai kukapeza opulumuka pakati pa ngoziyi.
+
+Akuluakulu aboma ku Balochistan adalengeza kuti ndalama zokwana 200,000 rupee zaku Pakistani (pafupifupi madola 1,170 aku US) zipatsidwa ndalama kubanja la munthu aliyense womwalirayo. Sania Nishtar, sing'anga waku Pakistani, amayenera kupita kudera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi malangizo a Prime Minister waku Pakistan, komwe amakakumana ndi omwe akhudzidwa ndi mavuto awo.
+
+Zolemba 
+Chivomerezi ku Pakistan
+Benjamin List (wobadwa pa 11 Januware 1968) ndi katswiri wamagetsi waku Germany yemwe ndi m'modzi mwa oyang'anira a Max Planck Institute for Coal Research komanso pulofesa wa organic chemistry ku University of Cologne. Anapanga organocatalysis, njira yothamangitsira kusintha kwa mankhwala ndikuwapangitsa kukhala ogwira ntchito bwino. Adagawana mphotho ya 2021 Nobel mu Chemistry ndi David MacMillan "pakukula kwa asymmetric organocatalysis".
+
+Mbiri 
+Wobadwira m'banja lapakati-lapakati la asayansi ndi ojambula ku Frankfurt, Mndandanda ndi mdzukulu wamwamuna wa katswiri wamatenda a Franz Volhard ndi mdzukulu wa 2 wa wasayansi Jacob Volhard. Azakhali ake, omwe analandila Nobel mu 1995 mu zamankhwala Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, ndi mlongo wa amayi ake, wopanga mapulani a Heidi List. Ali ndi zaka zitatu, makolo ake adasudzulana.
+
+Ulemu ndi mphotho 
+
+1994 NaFöG-Award from the City of Berlin
+1997 Feodor Lynen Fellowship of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
+2000 Synthesis-Synlett Journal Award
+2003  of the German Chemical Society
+2004 Degussa Prize for Chiral Chemistry
+2004 Lecturer’s Award of the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
+2004 Lieseberg Prize of the University of Heidelberg
+2005 AstraZeneca European Lectureship, the Society of Synthetic Chemistry, Japan
+2005 Lectureship Award
+2005 Novartis Young Investigator Award
+2006 JSPS Fellowship Award of Japan
+2007 AstraZeneca Award in Organic Chemistry
+2007 Award of the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie
+2007 OBC-Lecture Award
+2008 Visiting Professor at Sungkyunkwan University, Korea
+2009 Boehringer-Ingelheim Lectureship, Canada
+2009 Organic Reactions Lectureship, US
+2009 Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate
+2011 Boehringer-Ingelheim Lectureship, Harvard University, US
+2011 ERC Advanced Grant
+2012 Novartis Chemistry Lectureship Award
+2012 
+2013 Horst-Pracejus-Preis
+2013 Mukaiyama Award
+2013 Ruhrpreis, Mülheim, Germany
+2014 Cope Scholar Award, US
+2014 Thomson Reuters Highly Cited Researcher
+2015 Carl Shipp Marvel Lectures, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, US
+2016 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize
+2017 Prof. U. R. Ghatak Endowment Lecture, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), Kolkata, India
+2017 Ta-shue Chou Lectureship, Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
+2018 Member of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
+2019 Herbert C. Brown Lecture, Purdue University, Indiana, US
+2019	Web of Science Citation Laureate™ in Chemistry
+2021	TCR Lecture,100th CSJ Annual Meeting, Japan
+2021 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
+2022 Herbert C. Brown Award 2022 for Creative Research in Synthetic Methodes
+
+Ntchito zosankhidwa
+
+Zolemba 
+1968 kubadwa
+David William Cross MacMillan FRS FRSE (wobadwa pa 16 Marichi 1968) ndi wamankhwala waku Scotland komanso a James S. McDonnell University of Chemistry a University of Princeton, komwe adalinso Mpando wa department of Chemistry kuyambira 2010 mpaka 2015. Adagawana nawo Mphoto ya 2021 Nobel mu Chemistry ndi Benjamin List "yopanga asymmetric organocatalysis".
+
+Maphunziro ndi moyo woyambirira 
+MacMillan adabadwira ku Bellshill, Scotland mu 1968. Adalandira digiri yoyamba yaukadaulo ku chemistry ku University of Glasgow, komwe adagwira ntchito ndi Ernie Colvin.
+
+Mu 1990, adachoka ku UK kuti ayambe maphunziro ake a udokotala motsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Larry Overman ku Yunivesite ya California, Irvine. Munthawi imeneyi, adayang'ana kwambiri pakupanga njira zatsopano zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndikupanga ma bicyclic tetrahydrofurans. Maphunziro omaliza a MacMillan adafika pachimake pakuphatikizira kwa 7 - (-) - deacetoxyalcyonin acetate, eunicellin diterpenoid yotalikirana ndi coral yofewa ya Eunicella stricta. Adapeza Ph.D. mu 1996.
+
+Adayamika momwe adaleredwa ku Scottish ngati chifukwa chomupezera Nobel.
+
+Ntchito ndi kafukufuku 
+Atalandira Ph.D., MacMillan adalandira udindo ndi Pulofesa David Evans ku Harvard University. Maphunziro ake omwe adachita pambuyo pake anali okhudza enantioselective catalysis, makamaka, kapangidwe ndi kakulidwe ka Sn (II) -edived bisoxazoline complexes (Sn (II) box).
+
+MacMillan adayamba kuchita kafukufuku wodziyimira pawokha ngati membala waukadaulo wa chemistry ku University of California, Berkeley mu Julayi 1998. Adalowa nawo department of chemistry ku Caltech mu June 2000, komwe kafukufuku wamagulu ake anali okhudzana ndi njira zatsopano zopangira katemera wa enantioselective. Mu 2004, adasankhidwa kukhala Earle C. Anthony Pulofesa wa Chemistry. Anakhala Pulofesa Wodziwika pa University of James S. McDonnell ku University of Princeton mu Seputembara 2006.
+
+Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa organocatalysis. Mu 2000, MacMillan idapanga mamolekyulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kupatsa kapena kuvomereza ma elekitironi motero kuwongolera machitidwe. Iye adapanga ma catalyst omwe amatha kuyendetsa asymmetric catalysis, momwe mayankho amapangira gawo lamanzere lamamolekyu kuposa lamanja, kapena mosemphanitsa. Gulu lofufuzira la MacMillan lapita patsogolo kwambiri pankhani ya asymmetric organocatalysis, ndipo agwiritsa ntchito njirazi zatsopano pakuphatikizika kwa zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana. Adapanga chiral imidazolidinone othandizira. Ma MacMillan othandizira [de] amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo ndi zomwe Diels-Alder reaction, 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, Friedel-Crafts alkylations kapena Michael zowonjezera.
+
+Pakati pa 2010 ndi 2014, MacMillan anali Woyambitsa Mkonzi wa magazini ya Chemical Science, mbiri yotchuka ya chemistry yofalitsidwa ndi Royal Society of Chemistry.
+
+Zolemba 
+1968 kubadwa
+RTS,S/AS01 (dzina lamalonda Mosquirix) ndi katemera wophatikiziranso wa malungo wophatikizanso. Mu Okutobala 2021, katemerayu adavomerezedwa ndi World Health Organisation (WHO) kuti "agwiritse ntchito kwambiri" mwa ana, ndikupangitsa kuti akhale woyamba kulandira katemera wa malungo, komanso katemera woyamba kuthana ndi matendawa, kuti alandire izi.
+
+Katemera wa RTS, S adapangidwa ndikupanga kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi asayansi omwe amagwira ntchito ku malo ogwirira ntchito a SmithKline Beecham Biologicals (omwe tsopano ndi ma GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Vaccines) ku Belgium. Katemerayu adakonzedwa kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa GSK ndi Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ku US state of Maryland ndipo adathandizidwa ndi gawo lina ndi PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative ndi Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Mphamvu yake imakhala pakati pa 26 mpaka 50% mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono.
+
+Ovomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi European Medicines Agency (EMA) mu Julayi 2015, ndi katemera woyamba wololeza padziko lonse lapansi wokhala ndi zilolezo komanso katemera woyamba wololeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi matenda amtundu wa anthu amtundu uliwonse. Pa 23 Okutobala 2015, a Strategic Advisory Gulu la Akatswiri pa Katemera (SAGE) ndi Komiti Yolangizira Malungo (MPAC) onse adalimbikitsa kuyambitsa katemera ku Africa. Ntchito yoyeserera katemera idayambitsidwa pa 23 Epulo 2019 ku Malawi, pa 30 Epulo 2019 ku Ghana, ndi pa 13 Seputembara 2019 ku Kenya.
+
+Mbiri yovomerezeka 
+EMA idavomereza katemera wa RTS, S mu Julayi 2015, ndikulimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito ku Africa kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga malungo. RTS, S inali katemera woyamba wa malungo padziko lonse lapansi kuti avomereze kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi.
+
+Kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti kuchepa kwa magawo ochepa kungapangitse kuti katemera agwire ntchito mpaka 86%.
+
+Pa 17 Novembala 2016, WHO idalengeza kuti katemera wa RTS, S ayambitsidwa kuzinthu zoyeserera m'maiko atatu akumwera kwa Sahara ku Africa. Pulogalamu yoyendetsa ndegeyi, yoyendetsedwa ndi WHO, iwunika momwe chitetezo cha katemera chomwe chikuwonetsedwa m'mayeso azachipatala chapamwamba chingatchulidwire m'zochitika zenizeni. Makamaka, pulogalamuyi iwunika kuthekera koperekera katemera wofunikira wa katemera anayi; mphamvu ya katemera pa miyoyo yopulumutsidwa; komanso chitetezo cha katemera potengera momwe ntchito imagwiritsidwira ntchito.
+
+Katemera wochokera ku unduna wa zaumoyo ku Malawi, Ghana, ndi Kenya adayamba mu Epulo ndi Seputembara 2019 ndipo amalunjika ana 360,000 pachaka m'malo omwe katemera angakhudze kwambiri. Zotsatirazi zikukonzekera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi World Health Organisation kuti ilangize za katemera yemwe angatengere mtsogolo. Mu 2021 zidanenedwa kuti katemerayu limodzi ndi mankhwala ena a malungo akaperekedwa munthawi yovutikira kwambiri amatha kuchepetsa imfa ndi matenda kuchokera ku matendawa ndi 70%.
+
+Ndalama 
+RTS, S yapatsidwa ndalama, posachedwapa, ndi PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative (MVI) yopanda phindu ndi GlaxoSmithKline ndi ndalama zochokera ku Bill ndi Melinda Gates Foundation. Kupanga katemera wa RTS, S kudawonetsedwa kale kuti ndi kotetezeka, kulekerera bwino, chitetezo chamthupi, komanso kuthekera kothandiza kwa onse omwe ali ndi vuto la malungo komanso malungo komanso ana.
+
+Zolemba 
+Malungo
+World Health Organization (WHO) ndi bungwe lapadera la United Nations lomwe limayang'anira zaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Constitution ya WHO ikufotokoza cholinga chake chachikulu monga "kupeza ndi anthu onse athanzi". Yoyang'anira ku Geneva, Switzerland, ili ndi maofesi sikisi asanu ndi limodzi ndi maofesi akumunda 150 padziko lonse lapansi.
+
+WHO idakhazikitsidwa pa 7 Epulo 1948. Msonkhano woyamba wa World Health Assembly (WHA), bungwe lolamulira la bungweli, udachitika pa 24 Julayi chaka chomwecho. WHO idaphatikizapo chuma, ogwira ntchito, komanso ntchito za League of Nations 'Health Organisation ndi Office International d'Hygiène Publique, kuphatikiza International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Ntchito yake idayamba mwakhama mu 1951 pambuyo polowetsedwa kwakukulu pazachuma ndi ukadaulo.
+
+Ntchito ya WHO ikuphatikizira kulimbikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo wa anthu onse, kuwunika zoopsa zaumoyo wa anthu, kuwongolera mayankho pakagwa zadzidzidzi, komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi. Amapereka chithandizo chamayiko kumayiko, amakhazikitsa miyezo yazaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso amatenga zidziwitso pazokhudzaumoyo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Buku, World Health Report, limapereka kuwunika mitu yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. WHO imagwiranso ntchito ngati malo okambirana pazokhudzaumoyo.
+
+WHO yatenga gawo lotsogola pantchito zingapo zazaumoyo wa anthu, makamaka kuthana ndi nthomba, kufafaniza poliyo, komanso kupangira katemera wa Ebola. Zomwe akuika patsogolo pano zikuphatikiza matenda opatsirana, makamaka HIV / AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19, malungo ndi chifuwa chachikulu; matenda osapatsirana monga matenda amtima ndi khansa; chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi, komanso chitetezo cha chakudya; thanzi pantchito; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. World Health Assembly, bungwe lopanga zisankho ku bungweli, limasankha ndikulangiza komiti yayikulu yopangidwa ndi akatswiri azaumoyo 34. Amasankha mtsogoleri wamkulu, amakhala ndi zolinga ndi zofunika kuchita, ndikuvomereza bajeti ndi zochitika. Woyang'anira wamkulu ndi a Tedros Adhanom aku Ethiopia.
+
+WHO imadalira zopereka kuchokera kumayiko mamembala (onse owunika komanso odzifunira) ndi omwe amapereka mwaokha ndalama. Bajeti yake yonse yovomerezeka ya 2020-2021 idutsa $ 7.2 biliyoni, yomwe ambiri amachokera kuzopereka zodzifunira kuchokera kumayiko mamembala. Zopereka zimayesedwa ndi chilinganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo GDP pamunthu aliyense. Mwa omwe adathandizira kwambiri panali Germany (yomwe idapereka 12.18% ya bajeti), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (11.65%), ndi United States (7.85%).
+
+Zolemba
+Katemera wa malungo ndi katemera yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa malungo. Katemera wovomerezeka wokha kuyambira 2021, ndi RTS, S, wotchedwa Mosquirix. Pamafunika jakisoni anayi.
+
+Kafukufuku akupitilira ndi katemera wina wa malungo. Katemera wogwira mtima kwambiri wa malungo ndi R21 / Matrix-M, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu kwa 77% kumawonetsedwa m'mayesero oyambilira, komanso kuchuluka kwa ma antibody kuposa mankhwala a RTS, S. Ndi katemera woyamba amene amakwaniritsa cholinga cha World Health Organisation (WHO) cha katemera wa malungo wokhala ndi mphamvu zosachepera 75%.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Malungo
+Dambo la Shasta (lotchedwa Kennett Dam lisanamangidwe) ndi damu lokoka miyala ya konkriti kuwoloka Mtsinje wa Sacramento kumpoto kwa California ku United States. Pamtunda wokwana mamita 183, ndi damu lachisanu ndi chitatu lalitali kwambiri ku United States. Ili kumpoto chakumpoto kwa Sacramento Valley, Dambo la Shasta limapanga Nyanja ya Shasta kuti isungire madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, magetsi ndi kuteteza chitetezo chamadzi amchere. Dziwe lalikulu kwambiri m'bomalo, Shasta Lake limatha kukhala ndi ma 5,600 GL.
+
+Akuganiziridwa koyambirira kwa 1919 ngati kuyesetsa kusunga, kuwongolera, kusunga, ndi kugawira madzi ku Central Valley, dera lalikulu laulimi ku California, Shasta adavomerezedwa koyamba m'ma 1930 ngati boma. Komabe, zomangira sizinagulitsidwe chifukwa cha kuyambika kwachuma chachikulu ndipo Shasta adasamutsidwa kupita ku feduro Bureau of Reclamation ngati ntchito yaboma. Ntchito yomanga idayamba mwakhama mu 1937 moyang'aniridwa ndi Chief Injiniya a Frank Crowe. Pakumanga kwake, dziwe limapereka ntchito zikwi zambiri zofunika; adamaliza miyezi makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi isanakwane mu 1945. Atamalizidwa, dziwe linali lachiwiri kutalika kwambiri ku United States pambuyo pa Hoover ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamipangidwe yayikulu kwambiri ya uinjiniya.
+
+Ngakhale isanaperekedwe, Shasta Dam idagwira gawo lofunikira pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yopereka magetsi ku mafakitale aku California, ndipo ikadali ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera magwero amadzi aboma masiku ano. Komabe, zasintha kwambiri zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe za Mtsinje wa Sacramento ndikusefukira kwa mafuko opatulika a Amwenye Achimereka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pakhala kutsutsana pazokweza dziwe kapena ayi kuti alolere kusungitsa madzi ndikupanga magetsi, lingaliro lomwe otsutsana ndi mafuko ndi akatswiri azachilengedwe adakumana nalo chifukwa chakusokonekera kwamadzi kuchokera mumtsinje womwe nsomba zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha kuphatikizapo mitundu ya nsomba.
+
+Malingaliro oyambilira 
+Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, Central Valley ndiye malo opitilira anthu ambiri osamukira ku California ochokera kum'mawa kwa United States. Dera lachigwachi ankalilakalaka kulima chifukwa cha dothi lake lachonde, nyengo yabwino, malo ake abwino, ndi madzi ambiri. Mtsinje wa Sacramento umadutsa chakumwera kudutsa gawo lachitatu lakumpoto la chigwa, chotchedwa Sacramento Valley, kwa mtunda wa makilomita 640 usanalowe m'chigwa chachikulu, Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, ndipo pamapeto pake Pacific Ocean. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, zigawo zonse za m'chigwa ndi Delta zidalimidwa kwambiri ndi mbewu zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza tirigu, thonje, mpunga, zipatso za zipatso, ndi mavwende.
+
+Malo otsetsereka otsika a Sacramento Valley amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kusefukira m'nyengo yozizira; Komanso, kuthirira kumafunika nthawi yachilimwe chifukwa chamvula yamvula yambiri. Ngakhale kuti Mtsinje wa Sacramento umatulutsa madzi okwana maekala 22,600 miliyoni chaka chilichonse, madziwo amayenda kwambiri nthawi yamkuntho m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yachisanu yomwe imasungunuka. Momwe ulimi umakulirakulira, mitsinje yotsika idatsika ngakhale kutsika, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti madzi amchere alowe kuchokera ku San Francisco Bay kupita ku Delta. Izi zidadzetsa kusowa kwa madzi m'minda ya Delta, ndipo zidadzetsa teredo (nyongolotsi yamadzi amchere) pakati pa 1919 ndi 1924 yomwe idawononga ma piers ndi zombo ku Suisun Bay.
+
+Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la mchere, nzika zakomweko zidaganizira zomanga mafunde pakamwa pa Suisun Bay, ntchito yomwe sichidachitike. Mu 1919 yankho lina linabwera mwa dongosolo la Marshall Plan, lopangidwa ndi Robert Marshall wa United States Geological Survey. Adakonza dziwe lalikulu kuwoloka Mtsinje wa Sacramento kumunsi kwenikweni kwa malo ake ndi Mtsinje wa Pit pafupi ndi tawuni yamigodi yamkuwa ya Kennett, mamailosi mazana angapo kumpoto kwa Delta. Damu limasungira madzi kuti atuluke m'miyezi youma pomwe Delta inali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kulowa m'madzi amchere, ndikupindulitsanso kuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi m'nyengo yozizira. Madzi omwe adatengedwa ndi damu adzawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuthirira, ku Sacramento Valley ndi San Joaquin Valley kumwera chakumwera, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi ngalande yayikulu komanso malo osungira madzi.
+
+Zolemba 
+Madamu ku California
+Lulu Haangala (wobadwa pa 12 Marichi 1984), yemwenso amadziwika ndi dzina lake Luyando Haangala Wood ndi mlangizi wa zankhani komanso kulumikizana ku Zambia, TV, Master of Ceremonies ndipo ndi Kazembe Wachinyamata waku US ku Zambia, Pizza Hut Zambia ndi Samsung Kazembe wa Brand waku Zambia komanso woyambitsa #WeKeepMoving Foundation ndipo mu Disembala 2014 Lulu amakhala othandizana ndi Dagon Holding Media. Lulu watchulidwanso mu 2016 Meyi ya South Africa Magazine Mamas & Papas ngati nkhani yophimba.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Lulu adabadwa Luyando Haangala mu 1984 mwana wamkazi woyamba kubadwa m'banja la anayi. Lulu adachita zaka ziwiri zamaphunziro ake oyamba ku Zambia zotsala, kuphatikiza maphunziro aku sekondale, zidachitikira ku Zimbabwe. Anaphunzira ku Baraton University ku Kenya komwe adachita chaka chake choyamba ku University. Izi, komabe, sizinayende bwino koma m'malo mwake adasamukira ku Cape Town, South Africa, komwe adaphunzira zaka 4 ndipo ali ndi B.A. mu Kulumikizana ndi digiri yaying'ono mu Bizinesi mu 2005 komanso ali ndi satifiketi mu Diplomatic Practice and Protocol kudzera ku Zambian Institute of diplomacy and International Study ku 2008.
+
+Zolemba 
+1984 kubadwa
+Emiliano Aguirre Enríquez (5 Okutobala 1925 - 11 Okutobala 2021) anali wolemba mbiri yakale ku Spain, wodziwika chifukwa cha ntchito zake pamalo ofukula zinthu zakale ku Atapuerca, yemwe amafufuza kuchokera 1978 mpaka kupuma pantchito mu 1990. Adalandira Mphotho ya Prince of Asturias mu 1997.
+
+Wambiri 
+A. Anali m'Jesuit wakale ndi PhD ya sayansi ya zamoyo ndi chiphunzitso chokhudza njovu zomwe zinatha motsogoleredwa ndi Miquel Crusafont i Pairó.
+
+Pakati pa 1955 ndi 1956, anali wofunafuna malo a dinosaur ku Tremp Basin [es] ndipo wofufuza ndikuwulula malo atsopano a 30 apamadzi ndi am'mbali ku Cenozoic ku Granada pakati pa 1956 ndi 1961.
+
+Kufukula kwake koyamba kunachitika m'ma 1960. Pakati pa 1961 ndi 1963, adafukula, limodzi ndi a Francis Clark Howell, malo owerengera zakale a Torralba ndi Ambrona, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zosiyanasiyana. Mu 1963, adapanga Arbona Museum, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale zoyambirira zomwe zili ndi ziwonetsero zakale za ku zinthu zakale ku Europe. Mu 1963, adali mgulu la Spanish Mission of Archaeological Salvage ku Nubia, momwe adaphunzirira zotsalira za anthu ku necropolis ku Argin (Sudan). Mu 1968, chifukwa chothandizana ndi a Wenner-Gren Foundation, adapita ku South Africa kuti akaphunzire zakale zakale ku Kenya kuti akafufuze ku Tugen Hills ndi wofukula mabwinja a Louis Leakey.
+
+Adalowa nawo Spanish National Council Council ngati wofufuza mu 1974, ndikusiya Society of Jesus.
+
+Pakati pa 1978 ndi 1982, Emiliano Aguirre anali Pulofesa wa Paleontology ku Yunivesite ya Zaragoza komanso pakati pa 1982 ndi 1984 ku Complutense University of Madrid. Pa 24 Meyi 2000, adalumbiridwa ngati ulemu ku Spain Royal Academy of Science, udindo womwe adakhala nawo mpaka kumwalira kwake. Iye ankayang'anira mfundo 26 za udokotala.
+
+Anali membala wa Academy of Fine Arts and History 'Institución Fernán González'.
+
+Zolemba 
+1925 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Enamul Haque, nthawi zina Enamul Huq (29 Meyi 1943 - 11 Okutobala 2021), anali wosewera waku Bangladeshi, wophunzira komanso wolemba zisudzo. Ankasewera pa siteji, pawailesi yakanema komanso pamafilimu. Anali pulofesa ku Dipatimenti ya Chemistry ku Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). Adalandila Ekushey Padak mu 2012 ndi Boma la Bangladesh chifukwa chothandizira pa zaluso.
+
+Moyo woyambirira, maphunziro ndi ntchito yophunzira 
+Haque adabadwa kwa Obaidul Haque ndi Razia Khatun mdera la Motobi m'boma la Feni ku Purezidenti wa Bengal ku Britain India. Anamaliza SSC yake ku Feni Pilot High School, ndi HSC ku Notre Dame College, Dhaka. Anapeza bachelor's and master's mu chemistry mu 1963 ndi 1964 motsatana kuchokera ku University of Dhaka. Adalowa nawo dipatimenti ya chemistry, BUET mu 1965 ngati mphunzitsi. Adapeza Ph.D. digiri kuchokera ku University of Manchester ku 1976 pankhani yopanga zachilengedwe. Anagwira ntchito ngati wofufuza pambuyo pa udokotala mu chemistry yomweyo kuchokera ku June 1976 mpaka Meyi 1977. Kubwerera ku BUET, adakwezedwa kukhala wothandizira pulofesa, pulofesa wothandizana naye komanso pulofesa mu 1970, 1979 ndi 1987, motsatana. Adakhala wapampando wa dipatimentiyi kwa zaka 15. Adagwiranso ntchito ngati wamkulu waukadaulo wazaka za 2.
+
+Ntchito mu sewero 
+Mu 1968, Haque adalemba sewero lake loyamba pawayilesi yakanema, "Onekdiner Ekdin", motsogozedwa ndi Abdullah Al Mamun. Chaka chomwecho, adayamba kusewera ndi sewero la kanema "Mukhora Romoni Boshikoron" (William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew). Adalembanso zolemba pamasewera opitilira 60 pawailesi yakanema, kuphatikiza "Sheishob Dingulo", "Nirjon Shoikot", ndi "Ke Ba Apon Ke Ba Por". Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino ndi Emiler Goenda Bahini (1980), Ei Shob Din Ratri (1985), Ayomoy (1988), Amar Bondhu Rashed (2011), ndi Brihonnola (2014).
+
+Haque anali membala woyambitsa gululo, Nagorik Natya Sampradaya. Nyimbo zake zodziwika bwino zikuphatikiza "Bibaho Uthshob" ndi "Grihobash". Mu 1995, adayambitsa gulu lake la zisudzo, Nagorik Nattyangan.
+
+Moyo waumwini 
+Enamul anali wokwatiwa ndi wochita sewero Lucky Enam. Naye, anali ndi ana awiri aakazi, Hridi Haque ndi Proitee Haque.
+
+Pa 11 Okutobala 2021, Enamul Haque adamwalira kunyumba kwake pa Bailey Road ku Dhaka ali ndi zaka 78. Thupi lake lidatengedwa kupita ku Central Shaheed Minar kenako ku BUET, komwe anthu ambiri adapereka ulemu wawo womaliza; kenako anaikidwa m'manda a Banani tsiku lotsatira.
+
+Zolemba 
+1943 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Elizabeth Ann Theresa Lynn (Ogasiti 29, 1926 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali wojambula waku America. Amadziwika kwambiri ndi udindo wawo Thelma Lou, bwenzi la Wachiwiri wa Barney Fife, pa The Andy Griffith Show. Munthawi yama 1940 ndi 1950, adawonekera m'mafilimu ambiri, kuphatikiza Sitting Pretty (1948), June Bride (1948), Cheaper choyambirira ndi Dozen (1950), ndi Meet Me ku Las Vegas (1956).
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Lynn anabadwira ku Kansas City, Missouri, pa Ogasiti 29, 1926. Amayi ake, a Elizabeth Ann Lynn, anali "mezzo-soprano" yemwe adaphunzitsa Betty kuyimba ndikumulembetsa ku Kansas City Conservatory of Music ali ndi zaka zisanu zokha wazaka.
+
+Lynn sanalumikizane kwenikweni ndi abambo ake, omwe nthawi ina amawawopseza kuti adzawombera amayi ake pamimba ali ndi pakati. Pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa Lynn, amayi ake nthawi ina adabisala mu kabati yotsekedwa ndi mwanayo pomwe amuna awo amaopseza awiriwo. Adasudzulana pomwe Lynn anali ndi zaka 5. Agogo ake a Lynn, a George Andrew Lynn, mainjiniya a njanji, adatenga udindo wa bambo akamakula.
+
+Ntchito 
+Betty Lynn adayamba ntchito yake pawailesi monga m'modzi mwa ochita nawo masewera apamasana pasiteshoni ku Kansas City.
+
+Pa Broadway, adawoneka mu Walk with Music (1940), Oklahoma! (1943), ndi Park Avenue (1946). Adapezeka mu Broadway yopangidwa ndi Darryl F. Zanuck ndipo adasaina ku 20th Century Fox. Chigawo mu mgwirizano wake chinalola kuti studio imusiye pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomwe zidabweretsa nkhawa ku Lynn. Iye anati, "Ndinali wofiira ndi ziphuphu ndipo ndinalibe chifuwa. Ndinapemphera kwambiri kuti apitirize kundinyamula."
+
+Lynn adamupanga kanema woyamba mu kanema wa 1948 Sitting Pretty, yemwe adapambana mendulo ya Photoplay Gold. Chaka chomwecho, adawonekera mu June Bride ndi Bette Davis lotsatiridwa ndi maudindo a Mother Is a Freshman (1949), Cheaper by the Dozen (1950), ndi Payment on Demand (1951).
+
+Lynn adalowa m'malo mwa Patricia Kirkland ngati Betty Blake mu nthabwala ya CBS, The Egg and I (1951-1952), ndipo adasewera Pearl mu nthabwala ya ABC Chikondi Kuti Jill (1958) .: 631 Munthawi imeneyi adakhala oyandikana ndi khanda Mark Evanier, yemwe adati adakhala mnzake wapamtima.
+
+Anali Viola Slaughter ku ABC Western Texas John Slaughter (1958-62).: 1064 Mu nyengo ya kanema wa 1953-54, Lynn adaponyedwa ngati June Wallace, mlamu wake wa Ray Bolger mu sitcom ya ABC Ili kuti Raymond?: 1171
+
+Pambuyo pochezera alendo muma TV osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza Schlitz Playhouse of Stars, The Gale Storm Show, Sugarfoot, ndi Markham, Lynn adapambana udindo wa Thelma Lou pa The Andy Griffith Show. Ngakhale adachita izi kwa zaka zisanu (1961-66) , adangowonekera m'magawo 26 okha, ndipo sanasaine nawo chiwonetserocho (mwa zina chifukwa panthawi yomwe adaponyedwa, anali akadali ndi mgwirizano ndi Texas John Slaughter). Adatinso, "Sindinkafuna kusiya Thelma Lou. Ndinkamukonda kwambiri. Ndinkamusangalatsa. Anali wokoma mtima komanso wokoma mtima, anali wokonda kusewera, ndipo ndimakonda kugwira ntchito ndi Don Knotts - anali wabwino kwambiri." Kutsiriza kwa The Andy Griffith Show, Lynn adapitilizabe kuwonekera mumaudindo osiyanasiyana apawailesi yakanema komanso makanema.
+
+Mu 2006, Lynn adapuma pantchito ndikusamukira ku Mount Airy, North Carolina, tawuni yakunyumba ya Andy Griffith ndi tawuni yomwe Mayberry akukhulupilira kuti idakhazikikirako ngakhale Griffith akunena kuti si choncho.
+
+Zolemba 
+1926 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Bandula Warnapura (Sinhala: බන්දුල වර්ණපුර; 1 Marichi 1953 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera wosewera waku Sri Lanka komanso kaputeni wa timu ya kriketi yaku Sri Lankan. Adasewera machesi anayi a Mayeso ndi khumi ndi awiri a One Day Internationals (ODI) pantchito yake yapadziko lonse lapansi yochita masewera a kricket kuyambira 1975 mpaka 1982. Iye anali wotsegulira dzanja lamanja ndikumaponya kumanja kwa dzanja lamanja.
+
+Warnapura adatenga nawo gawo pamasewera oyamba a Sri Lanka, komanso adakumana ndikubwera koyamba ndikupeza liwiro loyamba ku timu yake. Anali ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakanthawi komanso mbiri yotsegulira bowling ndikutsegulira kumenyedwa kachiwiri ku Sri Lanka pamasewera oyesa oyamba a Sri Lanka.
+
+Adagwira ukapolo ku Sri Lanka pamayeso onse omwe adasewera, ngakhale samatsogolera gulu lake kupambana. Komabe, Sri Lanka idapambana masewera oyamba a ODI omwe adawatenga. Adawombera theka la zana mu kricket ya ODI.
+
+Pambuyo pake moyo 
+Adagwira ngati mphunzitsi wa timu yaku Sri Lankan, komanso wagwirapo ntchito yoyang'anira. Anaphunzitsanso Mahela Jayawardene ku Nalanda College komanso anali mphunzitsi wadziko la Under-19 wazaka za Russel Arnold. Adakhala woyang'anira ku Bloomfield Club ku 1991 kutha kwa chiletso chomwe adatumikira chifukwa chokhala nawo paulendo waku Arosa ku South Africa ku 1982.
+
+Warnapura anali wogwira ntchito ku Asia Cricket Council. Warnapura adatenga nawo mbali ngati woweruza pa chiwonetsero chenicheni cha Achinyamata Ndi Talent choulutsidwa ndi Independent Television Network mu 2016-17.
+
+Imfa 
+Mu Okutobala 2021, Warnapura adalowetsedwa mchipatala chifukwa chazovuta zokhudzana ndi matenda ake ashuga, pomwe madotolo adakakamizidwa kuti adule mwendo wawo wamanzere. Adamwalira pa 18 Okutobala 2021 pomwe amalandila chithandizo kuchipatala china ku Colombo.
+
+Zolemba 
+1953 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+David Franklin Kennedy (Meyi 31, 1939 - Okutobala 10, 2021)  anali wamkulu wotsatsa waku America yemwe adakhazikitsa Wieden + Kennedy (W + K). Ena mwa ntchito zake zotchuka kwambiri ndi monga "Just Do It", "Bo Knows", ndi kampeni ya "Mars ndi Mike" ya Nike, Inc. Iye ndi mnzake wothandizirana naye a Dan Wieden adatchulidwa ngati nambala 22 pa Advertising Age 100 anthu otsatsa malonda azaka za zana la 20.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Kennedy adabadwa David Franklin Kennedy ku Wichita, Kansas, pa Meyi 31, 1939, anali yekhayo mwana wa Melinda Jane (nee Spoon) ndi James Franklin Kennedy. Amayi ake anali oyang'anira kubanki pomwe abambo ake anali ogulitsa mafuta. Anakulira ku Oklahoma komanso kum'mawa kwa Rocky Mountains. Pofotokoza za ubwana wake, adafanizira kukula kwake ndi kwa Tom Sawyer kutchire kunja komwe kuli mitsinje ndi mitsinje yodabwitsa. Anagwira ntchito yake yoyamba ngati wothandizira wowotcherera m'minda yamafuta ku Colorado ndi Oklahoma. Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku University of Colorado ku Boulder ndi digiri yaukadaulo kuphatikiza kusindikiza ndi ziboliboli zachitsulo. Adatumikira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi Marine Corps Reserve.
+
+Moyo waumwini 
+Kennedy adakwatirana ndi Kathleen Murphy mu 1963. Awiriwa adakumana kale ku 1961 ku Colorado. Adakhala ndi ana asanu. Mmodzi mwa ana ake adamwalira ku 2016. Atapuma pantchito, adapanga ziboliboli zachitsulo ndikukhala ku Clackamas County kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Oregon City.
+
+Kennedy adamwalira pa Okutobala 10, 2021, wazaka 82, kunyumba kwake ku Estacada, Oregon, akuwoneka kuti walephera mtima.
+
+Zolemba 
+1939 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Leo Joseph Boivin (Ogasiti 2, 1932 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali katswiri wazodzitchinjiriza ku hockey waku Canada komanso wosewera yemwe adasewera nyengo 19 mu National Hockey League (NHL). Anasewera Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, ndi Minnesota North Stars kuyambira 1952 mpaka 1970.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1932 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Sir David Anthony Andrew Amess (/ ˈeɪmɪs / AY-miss; 26 Marichi 1952 - 15 Okutobala 2021) anali wandale waku Britain yemwe adatumikira ngati Membala wa Nyumba Yamalamulo (MP) ku Southend West kuyambira Meyi 1997 mpaka kuphedwa kwake mu 2021. MP wa Basildon kuyambira 1983 mpaka Epulo 1997. Adali membala wa Conservative Party.
+
+Wobadwira ndikuleredwa ku Essex, Amess adaphunzira zachuma ndi boma ku Bournemouth University kenako adakhala ndi ntchito yayifupi ngati mphunzitsi pasukulu ya pulaimale, wolemba nawo ntchito komanso wothandizira ntchito. Adasankhidwa kukhala khansala wa Conservative ku Redbridge mu 1982 komanso MP ku Basildon mu 1983. Udindo wake udawoneka ngati mpando wa bellwether, kuwonetsa chidwi cha "Essex man" ku boma la Margaret Thatcher. Adakhala pampando pazisankho za 1992, koma kusintha kwamalire kudapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavomerezeka, adakhala MP wa Southend West ku 1997, mpaka pomwe adamwalira, zaka 24 pambuyo pake.
+
+Mu boma, udindo wake wapamwamba anali Secretary Secretary Wachinsinsi wa Michael Portillo kwazaka khumi ndi ziwiri. Amadziwika kwambiri ngati wobwerera m'mbuyo, akutumikira m'makomiti ambiri osankhidwa ndikuthandizira malamulo angapo, kuphatikiza Protection Against Cruel Tethering Act (1988) ndi Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act (2000). Zoyambitsa zomwe adachita monga kuphatikiza ziweto, kulemekeza Raoul Wallenberg ndikuthandizira omwe akudwala endometriosis.
+
+Mkatolika wodziyimira pawokha yemwe amatsutsa kutaya mimba ndi ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, malingaliro ake andale amaphatikizira kuthandizira kukhazikitsanso chilango chachikulu ndi Brexit. Anakwatirana mu 1983, ndipo anali ndi ana asanu, kuphatikiza wojambula waku Hollywood Katie Amess.
+
+Pa 15 Okutobala 2021, Amess adabayidwa kangapo pomwe anali kuchita opareshoni ku Leigh-on-Sea. Adafera pomwepo. Mnyamata wina wazaka 25 waku Britain adamangidwa pamalopo pomuganizira zakupha ndipo adasungidwa pansi pa Terrorism Act. Amamveka kuti ali ndi zikhulupiriro zachisilamu zopitilira muyeso.
+1952 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+M'mawa kwambiri pa 14 Okutobala 2021, nthawi ya 02:54 NST (UTC + 8), moto udabuka munyumba ya 13 pansi pa Fubei Road m'boma la Yancheng ku Kaohsiung kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Taiwan. Anthu osachepera 46 amwalira, ndipo ena 41 avulala. Moto unazimitsidwa patatha maola anayi ndi theka. Zomwe zimayaka moto zikuwunikiridwa, ngakhale milu yazinyalala zatsalira mozungulira nyumbayo mwina zinali zovuta kupulumutsa ndipo zidathandizira kuyatsa moto.
+
+Ndiwowopsa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya mzindawu, komanso moto wowopsa kwambiri ku Taiwan kuyambira 1995, pomwe bala ya karaoke ku Taichung mkatikati mwa Taiwan idawotcha moto, ndikupha anthu 64 ndipo moto wachitatu wakupha kwambiri m'mbiri ya Taiwan.
+
+Zolemba 
+Moto wa 2021 ku Asia
+Pa 15 Okutobala 2021, Sir David Amess, wandale waku Britain Conservative Party komanso Waphungu wa Nyumba Yamalamulo ku Southend West, adamwalira ataphedwa mobwerezabwereza pamsonkhano wamadera ku Leigh-on-Sea, Essex. Mnyamata wina wazaka 25 wazaka zaku Britain adamangidwa pamalopo pomuganizira zakupha. Kuberako kukufufuzidwa ngati chochitika chauchifwamba chomwe chingakhale cholimbikitsidwa ndi zipolowe zachisilamu.
+
+Mbiri 
+Sir David Amess anali wandale wokhalitsa yemwe adalowa Nyumba yamalamulo mu 1983 ngati MP wa Basildon. Sanakhale ndiudindo wapamwamba koma a Nick Paton Walsh anali membala "wodziwika nthawi yomweyo" wa Conservative Party ndipo adapatsidwa ulemu chifukwa chandale komanso ntchito zaboma. Anali Mkatolika wodzipereka komanso wosasinthasintha chikhalidwe; adatsutsa kuchotsa mimba ndipo adachita kampeni yofuna Brexit, chitetezo champhamvu cha nyama, ndikupatsa Southend-on-Sea kukhala mzinda.
+
+Kutsatira kuphedwa kwa MP Jo Cox popita kukakumana ndi omwe adachita opareshoni ku 2016, Amess adalemba mu mbiri yake ya 2020 kuti kuwopa kuzunzidwa komweku "m'malo mwake kudasokoneza miyambo yayikulu yaku Britain yoti anthu adakumana momasuka ndi andale omwe adawasankha" ndikuti anali atakumana ndi kuzunzidwa komanso kusatetezeka kunyumba kwake. Aphungu amatetezedwa ndi apolisi okhala ndi zida ali mkati mwa Nyumba Yamalamulo, chitetezo chokhwima pambuyo pa kuukira kwa Westminster ku 2017. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sapatsidwa chitetezo cha apolisi nthawi yochita maopaleshoni, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi wogwira ntchito m'modzi yekha. Pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Cox, ndalama zanyumba yamalamulo pazachitetezo cha a MPs zidakwera kuchokera pansi pa $ 200,000 mpaka £ 4.5 miliyoni mzaka ziwiri.
+
+Kuukira 
+Pa 15 Okutobala 2021, Amess anali kuchipatala ku Belmethodist Church Hall ku Eastwood Road North, Leigh-on-Sea, komwe amayenera kukakumana ndi mamembala kuyambira 10:00 mpaka 13:00 BST (UTC + 1). Anakumana koyamba ndi mamembala pamasitepe a tchalitchicho ndipo adalowa mnyumbayo nthawi ya 12:05 kuti akalankhule ndi anthu omwe adafika kale. Tili mkati mwa holo ya tchalitchicho, bambo wina wokhala ndi mpeni adatuluka pagulu la omwe adakhalapo ndikumubaya kangapo.
+
+Apolisi adadziwitsidwa, apolisi okhala ndi zida komanso ma helikopita azachipatala komanso apolisi akufika pamalopo. Mnyamata wina adagwidwa mkati mwa holo ya tchalitchicho, ndipo chingwe cha apolisi chidakhazikitsidwa. Ambulansi ya ndege idafika pa Beladows Sports Ground nthawi ya 14:13 kuti itenge Amess kuchipatala. Gulu lazachipatala lidaganiza kuti Matenda a Amess sanali okhazikika kuti amunyamule ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito pamalopo. Adanenedwa kuti wamwalira nthawi isanakwane 15:00.
+
+Kufufuza 
+Apolisi olimbana ndi uchigawenga anali nawo gawo loyambirira la kafukufukuyu. Apolisi a Essex ati "bambo wazaka 25 adamangidwa mwachangu apolisi atafika pamalopo pokayikira zakupha ndipo atapezanso mpeni". Pafupifupi 18:32 pa 15 Okutobala, Apolisi a Essex adalengeza kuti kafukufukuyo waperekedwa ku Counter Terrorism Command of London's Metropolitan Police Service. Madzulo a tsikulo, BBC idatinso "gwero la boma" lanena kuti yemwe akukayikidwayo ndi nzika yaku Britain yochokera ku Somalia.
+
+Cha m'ma 00:30 pa 16 Okutobala, apolisi akuti adazindikira kuti zigawengazo ndi zomwe zachitika chifukwa cha zigawenga zachisilamu. Madzulo a 16 Okutobala, a Metropolitan Police Service adatsimikiza kuti womangidwayo adasungidwa pansi pa Gawo 41 la Terrorism Act 2000, ndikuti oweruza adaonjezera nthawi yomwe womangidwayo akhoza kusungidwa kuti akafunsidwe mafunso mpaka 22 Okutobala. Apolisi adasanthula ma adilesi atatu ku London kumapeto kwa sabata kutsatira kubayidwa.
+
+Wokayikira 
+Mnyamata wazaka 25 wazaka zaku Britain wokhala nzika zaku Somalia adadziwika ndikumupeza kuti akumukayikira munyuzipepala, koma alibe mlandu. Zaka zingapo chiwerengerochi chisanachitike, wokayikiridwayo adatumizidwa ku pulogalamu ya Prevent, pulogalamu yodzifunira yaku Britain kwa iwo omwe angaganizidwe kuti atha kusintha zinthu. Amakhulupirira kuti sanakhale nthawi yayitali pulogalamuyi, ndipo sanali "wokondweretsedwa" ndi MI5.
+
+Abambo a omwe akukayikiridwayo anali mkulu wakale waboma la Somalia yemwe akuti anali atakumana ndi ziwopsezo kuchokera ku gulu la al-Shabaab. Maubwenzi apamtima a Amess ku Qatar, omwe amathandizira boma la Somalia, awunikidwanso ndi apolisi.
+
+Zochita 
+Zitachitika izi, Prime Minister Boris Johnson adabwerera kuchokera kutchuthi, ku Westminster, komwe mbendera zidatsitsidwa mpaka theka. Magulu osiyanasiyana aphungu, komanso andale apano komanso akale, adadandaula ndikupereka mawu achisoni, monganso achifumu, andale apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso abale a Jo Cox. Kuyang'anira Amess kudachitika mdera lake la Southend West ku 18: 00 tsiku lomwe adamwalira, pomwe wina adachitika tsiku lotsatira. Mneneri wa Nyumba Yamalamulo, Sir Lindsay Hoyle, alengeza kuti chitetezo cha aphungu chidzaunikidwanso. Chitetezo cha aphungu pakuchita opaleshoni yotseguka, pagulu adatsutsana ndi andale. A Conservatives adayimitsa kampeni yawo.
+
+Pa 16 Okutobala, Boris Johnson ndi Mtsogoleri Wotsutsa Sir Keir Starmer, limodzi ndi Sir Lindsay Hoyle ndi Secretary of Home Priti Patel, adayika nkhata mu holo yampingo komwe Amess adaphedwa. Pa 18 Okutobala, kuli chete kwamphindi yaying'ono ku Nyumba Yamalamulo Nyumba Yamalamulo isanapereke msonkho kwa Amess. Madzulo omwewo, msonkhano wokumbukira Amess udachitika ndi aphungu ku St Margaret's Church, Westminster. Idayendetsedwa ndi ITV pa YouTube. Aphungu adalipira msonkho m'buku lachitonthozo lomwe lidasungidwa ku House of Commons Library, komanso ku Westminster Hall ndi Portcullis House. Misonkho idayikidwanso ku Nyumba ya Tchalitchi ya Beladisti Methodist, komwe Amess adaphedwa.
+
+Wansembe Wachikatolika adati sanaloledwe kulowa m'malo opalamula kuti akapereke miyambo yomaliza kwa Amess. Kutsatira kuphedwa kwa Amess, opanga malamulo ku Britain Katolika adapereka ziganizo zotsimikizira kudzipereka kwa Amess mchikhulupiriro chake ndikuyamika zomwe adachita.
+
+M'masiku otsatira Amess atamwalira, aphungu ambiri, kuphatikiza a Conservative Chris Skidmore ndi a Charlotte Nichols a Labour, adawonetsa kuthandizira kwawo kampeni yopatsa mzinda wa Southend-on-Sea ngati njira yolemekezera kukumbukira kwa Amess; adayankhula pafupipafupi pamutuwu ku Nyumba Yamalamulo. Pazopereka msonkho kwa Amess pa 18 Okutobala, adalengeza ndi Johnson kuti Mfumukazi idavomereza kuti Southend apangidwa kukhala mzinda.
+
+Zolemba 
+2021 ku England
+Mphepo Yamkuntho Yaikulu Kompasu, yotchedwa Typhoon Kompasu ku China ndi Hong Kong komanso Severe Tropical Storm Maring ku Philippines, inali mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa komanso yowononga yomwe inakhudza Philippines, Taiwan, ndi Southeast China. Mbali ina ya nyengo yamkuntho ya Pacific ya 2021, Kompasu adachokera kudera lofooka kum'mawa kwa Philippines pa Okutobala 6. Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) idalisankha ngati vuto lotentha tsiku lomwelo. Patatha tsiku limodzi, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) idalongosola kuti kudwala ndikutentha, ndikuutcha Maring. Mphepo yamkunthoyo idasokonekera poyamba, ndikupikisana ndi vortex ina, Tropical Depression Nando. Pambuyo pake, Maring adakhala wamphamvu, ndipo a JMA adasinthanso ngati mkuntho wam'malo otentha, ndikuutcha Kompasu. Kompasu adagwa ku Cagayan, Philippines, pa Okutobala 11, ndipo patadutsa masiku awiri, mkuntho udafika ku Hainan, China. Mphepo yamkuntho inatha pa Okutobala 14 pomwe inali ku Vietnam.
+
+Malinga ndi National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), anthu 40 aphedwa ndi mkuntho ku Phillipines, pomwe 17 adasowa. Kuwonongeka kukuyerekeza ₱ 4.2 biliyoni (US $ 82.8 miliyoni). Ku Hong Kong, munthu m'modzi adaphedwa pomwe anthu 21 adavulala. Mphepoyi idakhudza madera ambiri omwe kale anakhudzidwa ndi Tropical Storm Lionrock masiku angapo m'mbuyomo.
+
+Zolemba 
+Nyengo yamkuntho ya 2021 Pacific
+José Maria Pereira Neves (wobadwa pa 28 Marichi 1960) ndi wandale waku Cape Verde yemwe anali Prime Minister waku Cape Verde kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2016, ndipo ndi Purezidenti wosankhidwa wa Cape Verde kuyambira 17 Okutobala 2021. Ndi membala wa African Party yodziyimira pawokha pa Cape Verde (PAICV). Pa chisankho chachisanu ndi chiwiri cha purezidenti ku Cape Verde pa 17 Okutobala 2021, adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti ndi mavoti 51.7%, akumenya mnzake wapafupi Carlos Veiga yemwe adapeza mavoti 42.4%.
+
+Zolemba 
+1960 Kubadwa
+Zisankho za Purezidenti zidachitikira ku Cape Verde pa 17 Okutobala 2021. Zotsatira zake zidakhala chigonjetso kwa a José Maria Neves achipani chotsutsa cha African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), omwe adalandira 52% ya mavoti.
+
+Chiyambi 
+Purezidenti wotuluka a Jorge Carlos Fonseca adasankhidwa koyamba pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2011, ndipo adasankhidwanso mu 2016 atapambana mavoti 74%.
+
+Dongosolo lazisankho 
+Purezidenti adasankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zojambulidwa ndi ovota omwe akukhala mdziko muno komanso akunja. Oyenerera ayenera kukhala nzika "zaku Cape Verdean, omwe alibe dziko lina"; opitilira zaka 35 patsiku lokonzekera chisankho; ndipo akhala mdzikolo zaka zitatu lisanafike tsiku lomwelo. Ntchito yolembetsa ngati munthu wofunsidwa iyenera kuperekedwa ku Khothi Loona za Malamulo kuti ivomerezedwe, ndipo imafunikira kuti asayine osachepera 1,000 komanso osankhidwa pafupifupi 4,000.
+
+Pa 27 Julayi 2021 Purezidenti wogwirizira Jorge Carlos Fonseca adapereka lamulo lotsimikizira kuti zisankho zidzachitika pa 17 Okutobala, ndikubwerera kwachiwiri kwakanthawi kwa 31 Okutobala. Fonseca iyemwini sanali woyenera kuthamanga chifukwa cha malire a nthawi. Lamuloli limafuna kuti ofuna kulembetsa alembetse masiku 60 chisanachitike chisankho, motero kukhazikitsa tsiku lomaliza pa 17 Ogasiti.
+
+Otsatira 
+Zipani ziwiri zazikulu, PAICV ndi Movement for Democracy (MpD), onse adasankha nduna zazikulu zakale ngati ovomerezeka. PAICV idasankha a José Maria Neves, ndipo a MpD adasankha Carlos Veiga. Veiga adapikisana nawo kukhala purezidenti mu 2001 (pomwe adagonja ndi mavoti 12 okha pa 153,406 omwe adaponyedwa mgawo lachiwiri) ndi 2006 (kutaya ndi malire ochepera 2%).
+
+Kuphatikiza pa omwe adapikisana nawo awiri, osankhidwa ena asanu adawonekera pavoti.
+
+Kampeni 
+Nthawi yochita kampeni idayamba pa 30 Seputembala ndipo idatha pa 15 Okutobala. Otsogola a Veiga ndi a Neves onse adalonjeza kudzetsa bata dziko lino chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ku COVID-19, zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri chuma.
+
+Zotsatira zoyambirira 
+Wosankhidwa wa PAICV a José Maria Neves adasankhidwa mgawo loyamba ndi mavoti opitilira 51%. Aka kanali koyamba kuti PAICV ipambane chisankho cha purezidenti kuyambira 2006, pomwe a Pedro Pires adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti.
+
+Zolemba 
+Chisankho cha 2021 ku Africa
+Colin Luther Powell ( Epulo 5, 1937 - Okutobala 18, 2021) anali kazembe waku America, kazembe, komanso wamkulu wa nyenyezi zinayi yemwe adatumikira ngati mlembi wazaboma 65 ku United States kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2005. mlembi woyamba waku Africa-America. Adatumikira ngati 16th United States mlangizi wachitetezo cha dziko kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1989 komanso ngati wapampando wa 12th wa Joint Chiefs of Staff kuyambira 1989 mpaka 1993.
+
+Powell adabadwira ku New York City mu 1937 ndipo adaleredwa ku South Bronx. Makolo ake, a Luther ndi a Maud Powell, adasamukira ku United States kuchokera ku Jamaica. Anaphunzira ku masukulu aboma ku New York City ndipo adalandira digiri ya bachelor mu geology kuchokera ku City College of New York (CCNY). Anatenganso nawo gawo ku ROTC ku CCNY ndipo analandila ntchito ngati lieutenant wachiwiri wankhondo atamaliza maphunziro awo mu Juni 1958. Anali msirikali waluso kwa zaka 35, munthawi imeneyi anali ndiudindo wambiri komanso wogwira ntchito mpaka atakhala nyenyezi zinayi ambiri. Anali Mtsogoleri wa US Army Forces Command mu 1989.
+
+Powell pomaliza ntchito yankhondo, kuyambira Okutobala 1989 mpaka Seputembara 1993, anali wapampando wa 12th wa Joint Chiefs of Staff, udindo wapamwamba kwambiri wankhondo ku department of Defense. Munthawi imeneyi, adayang'anira zovuta 28, kuphatikiza kuwukira kwa Panama mu 1989 ndi Operation Desert Storm mu Persian Gulf War yolimbana ndi Iraq mu 1990-1991. Adapanga Chiphunzitso cha Powell chomwe chimalepheretsa asitikali aku America pokhapokha ngati chikwaniritsa zofunikira zokhudzana ndi chitetezo chamayiko aku America, gulu lalikulu, ndikuthandizira anthu ambiri.
+
+Anali mlembi wazaka 65 waku United States, wogwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti wa Republican a George W. Bush. Pokhala mlembi wa boma, a Powell adalankhula pamaso pa United Nations pazifukwa zomenyera nkhondo yaku Iraq. Pambuyo pake adavomereza kuti malankhulidwewo anali ndi zolakwika zazikulu. Adakakamizidwa kusiya ntchito Bush atasankhidwanso mu 2004.
+
+Mu 1995, Powell adalemba mbiri yake, My American Journey, kenako atapuma pantchito buku lina, It Worked for Me, Lessons in Life and Leadership (2012). Adachita ntchito yolankhula pagulu, amalankhula kwa omvera mdziko lonselo komanso akunja. Asanasankhidwe ngati Secretary of State, a Powell adatsogolera America's Promise.
+
+Adapambana mphotho zodzikongoletsera zingapo zaku US ndi zakunja. Mphotho zake zankhondo zikuphatikiza Mendulo ya Purezidenti ya Ufulu (kawiri), Mendulo ya Golide ya DRM, Mendulo ya Purezidenti Citizens, ndi Mphotho Yotchuka Ya Secretary. Mu 2016, pomwe sanasankhidwe pachisankho cha chaka chimenecho, adalandira mavoti atatu kuchokera ku Washington kuti akhale Purezidenti wa United States.
+
+Powell, yemwe amalandila khansa yamagazi, adamwalira ndi zovuta za COVID-19 pa Okutobala 18, 2021.
+
+Zolemba 
+1937 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Dennis John Franks (Meyi 29, 1953 - Okutobala 16, 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku America mu National Soccer League (NFL). Anali likulu ndipo adasewera m'magulu apadera a Philadelphia Eagles kuyambira 1976 mpaka 1978 komanso a Detroit Lions ku 1979. Adasewera mpira waku koleji ku University of Michigan kuyambira 1972 mpaka 1974. Ndiye anali malo oyambira pamasewera onse 11 a 1974 timu yampikisano ya Michigan Wolverines yomwe idayamba nyengo yake ndi zopambana khumi motsatizana isanataye ku Ohio State 10-12 pamasewera omaliza a nyengoyo. Franks adasankhidwa kukhala timu yoyamba ya All-Big Ten Conference Center mu 1974. Franks adabadwira ku McKeesport, Pennsylvania, pa Meyi 29, 1953. Anakulira ku Bethel Park, Pennsylvania, tawuni ya Pittsburgh, ndipo adapita ku Sukulu ya sekondale ya Bethel Park. Franks adalembedwa Woody Hayes kuti akapite ku Ohio State, kuphatikiza maulendo atatu a Hayes, koma Franks adasankha kusewera mpira ku University of Michigan kwa Bo Schembechler.
+
+Zolemba 
+1953 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Brendan Kennelly (17 Epulo 1936 - 17 Okutobala 2021) anali wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba mabuku ku Ireland. Anali Pulofesa wa Zamakono Zamakono ku Trinity College, Dublin mpaka 2005. Atapuma pantchito adatchedwa "Professor Emeritus" ndi Trinity College.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Kennelly adabadwira ku Ballylongford, County Kerry, pa 17 Epulo 1936. Anali m'modzi mwa ana asanu ndi atatu a Tim Kennelly ndi Bridie (Ahern). Abambo ake ankagwira ntchito yokhometsa msonkho komanso kukhala ndi garaja; amayi ake anali namwino. Kennelly adaphunzitsidwa ku College ya St Ita, ku Tarbert, County Kerry. Kenako adapatsidwa mwayi wophunzira Chingerezi ndi Chifalansa ku Trinity College Dublin. Kumeneko anali mkonzi wa Icarus ndipo anali mtsogoleri wa Trinity Gaelic Football Club. Anamaliza maphunziro a Utatu mu 1961 ndi ulemu woyamba, asanapeze Doctor of Philosophy zaka zisanu pambuyo pake. Anaphunziranso ku Leeds University kwa chaka chimodzi motsogozedwa ndi Norman Jeffares.
+
+Ndakatulo 
+Nthano za Kennelly zitha kukhala zachabechabe, zotsika pansi, komanso zochuluka. Adapewa kunyengerera kwamaphunziro komanso zolembalemba, ndipo malingaliro ake pakulankhula kwandakatulo amatha kufotokozedwa mwachidule pamutu wa ndakatulo yake yayikulu, "Ndakatulo bulu wanga". Ndakatulo ina yayitali (yamasamba 400) yolembedwa, "The Book of Judas", yofalitsidwa mu 1991, inali pamndandanda wogulitsa kwambiri ku Ireland.
+
+Wolemba waluso komanso waluso, pali ndakatulo zoposa makumi asanu zomwe adalemba, kuphatikiza My Dark Fathers (1964), Collection One: Up Up Early (1966), Good Souls to Survive (1967), Dream of a Black Fox ( 1968), Love Cry (1972), The Voices (1973), Shelley ku Dublin (1974), A Kind of Trust (1975), Islandman (1977), A Small Light (1979), ndi Nyumba Yomwe Jack Sanachite Mangani (1982).
+
+Kennelly adasinthiratu nthano zina, kuphatikiza "Pakati pa Kusalakwa ndi Mtendere: Ndakatulo Zokondedwa ku Ireland" (1993), "Akazi aku Ireland: Zolemba Zakale ndi Zamakono, ndi Katie Donovan ndi A. Norman Jeffares" (1994), ndi "Dublines," ndi Katie Donovan (1995). Adalembanso mabuku awiri, "The Crooked Cross" (1963) ndi "The Florentines" (1967), komanso masewera atatu mu Greek Trilogy, Antigone, Medea, ndi The Trojan Women.
+
+Kennelly anali wolankhula Chiairishi (Gaelic), ndikumasulira ndakatulo zaku Ireland mu "A Drinking Cup" (1970) ndi "Mary" (Dublin 1987). Omasulira ake omwe adasonkhanitsa adasindikizidwa ngati "Love of Ireland: Poems from the Irish" (1989).
+
+Zolemba 
+1936 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Edita Gruberová ( 23 Disembala 1946 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali Slovak coloratura soprano. Adapanga siteji yake yoyamba ku Bratislava mu 1968 ngati Rosina ku Il barbiere di Siviglia ku Rossini, koma adawunikidwa bwino ku Vienna State Opera chaka chotsatira, chomwe chidakhala maziko ake. Adachita bwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi monga Ma Queen of the Night ku Die Zauberflöte ndi Zerbinetta ku Ariadne auf Naxos wolemba Richard Strauss. Pa ntchito yake yam'mbuyo, adafufuza maudindo akuluakulu ku Italy bel certo repertoire, monga udindo wa Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, Elvira ku Bellini's I puritani, ndi Elisabetta ku Roberto Devereux. Mu 2019, adawonetsera Elizabeth I yemwe amusiya pampando wake wachifumu, pomaliza ntchito yake yotsogola zaka zopitilira 51. Amamukumbukira ngati "Slowakische Nachtigal" (Slovak Nightingale).
+
+Kuchita bwino kudabwezeretsedwanso 
+
+ 1980: Austrian Kammersängerin
+ 1988: Wolemekezeka membala wa Vienna State Opera
+ 1989: Bavarian Kammersängerin
+ 1997: Bayerischer Verdienstorden
+ 1999: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (pankhani ya zaluso)
+ 2009: mu Golide
+ 2013: Herbert von Karajan Music Prize
+ 2014:  Goldener Schikaneder for her life's work
+ 2016: Ehrenplakette of the  in Garmisch-Partenkirchen
+ 2021: International Classical Music Awards, Kukwaniritsa Moyo Wonse
+
+Zolemba 
+1946 Kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Jorge Carlos de Almeida Fonseca (wobadwa pa 20 Okutobala 1950) ndi wandale waku Cape Verdean, loya komanso pulofesa waku yunivesite yemwe wakhala Purezidenti wa Cape Verde kuyambira 2011. Adatumikira ngati Minister of Foreign Affairs kuyambira 1991 mpaka 1993. Othandizidwa ndi Movement for Democracy (MpD), adapambana zisankho za Purezidenti wa 2011 pakuvota kwachiwiri. Zisankho za Purezidenti zidachitikira ku Cape Verde pa 2 Okutobala 2016, pomwe adasankhidwanso ndi mavoti 74.08%.
+
+Maphunziro ndi moyo waumwini 
+Jorge Fonseca adamaliza maphunziro a pulaimale ndi sekondale pakati pa Praia ndi Mindelo, ndipo pambuyo pake, maphunziro ake apamwamba ku Lisbon, Portugal. Anamaliza maphunziro a Law and Master in Legal Sciences Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon. Adakwatirana ndi Lígia Arcângela Lubrino Dias Fonseca, Dona Woyamba wa Cape Verde, pa Marichi 26, 1989.
+
+Ndale komanso maphunziro 
+Anali Director General of Emigration ku Cape Verde kuyambira 1975 mpaka 1977 komanso Secretary General wa Unduna wa Zakunja ku Cape Verde kuyambira 1977 mpaka 1979.
+
+Anali mphunzitsi womaliza maphunziro ku Faculty of Law, University of Lisbon pakati pa 1982 ndi 1990, adayitanitsa Pulofesa wa Criminal Law ku Institute of Forensic Medicine ya Lisbon ku 1987 komanso director director ndikumupempha pulofesa mnzake ku Law Course and Public Administration. ku University of Asia Oriental, Macau ku 1989 ndi 1990. Mu 1991 ndi 1993, anali Minister of Foreign Affairs m'boma loyamba la Second Republic; Pambuyo pake adayimilira osapambana ngati phungu wa chisankho mu 2001. Mu Ogasiti 2011, adapemphanso purezidenti, nthawi ino mothandizidwa ndi MpD. Adayika koyambirira koyamba, kulandira mavoti 38%; M'chigawo chachiwiri, adakumana ndi wopikisidwa wothandizidwa ndi African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Manuel Inocêncio Sousa, ndipo adapambana. Anayamba ntchito ngati Purezidenti pa 9 Seputembara 2011, ndikukhala Purezidenti wachinayi wa Cape Verde kuyambira pomwe ufulu udafika mu 1975.
+
+Zolemba 
+1950 Kubadwa
+Alexei Anatolievich Navalny (wobadwa pa 4 June 1976) ndi mtsogoleri wotsutsa ku Russia, loya, komanso wotsutsana ndi ziphuphu. Adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi pakupanga ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi boma ndikukhalapo paudindo kuti alimbikitse zosintha zakatangale ku Russia, komanso motsutsana ndi Purezidenti Vladimir Putin ndi boma lake. Navalny amadziwika kuti ndi "bambo Vladimir Putin woopa kwambiri" wolemba Wall Street Journal. Putin amapewa kutchula dzina la Navalny. Navalny anali membala wa Council of Opposition Coordination Council. Ndiye mtsogoleri wa Russia ya chipani cha Tsogolo komanso woyambitsa Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK).
+
+Navalny ili ndi olembetsa opitilira 6 miliyoni a YouTube komanso otsatira oposa mamiliyoni awiri a Twitter. Kudzera munjira izi, amafalitsa nkhani zakatangale ku Russia, amakonza ziwonetsero zandale ndikulimbikitsa kampeni zake. Poyankhulana ndi wailesi mu 2011, adalongosola chipani cholamula ku Russia, United Russia, ngati "chipani cha akuba komanso akuba", chomwe chidakhala mbiri yotchuka. Navalny ndi FBK afalitsa kafukufuku wofotokoza zachinyengo zomwe akuluakulu aku Russia akuchita. Mu Marichi 2017, Navalny ndi FBK adatulutsa zolembedwa kuti Iye Si Dimon Kwa Inu, akuimba mlandu a Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister panthawiyo komanso Purezidenti wakale wa Russia, za ziphuphu, zomwe zidapangitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu mdziko lonselo.
+
+Mu Julayi 2013, Navalny adalandila chilango chokhazikitsidwa chifukwa chabodza. Ngakhale izi, adaloledwa kuyimira meya pachisankho cha meya ku Moscow ku 2013 ndipo adalowa wachiwiri, ndi 27% ya mavoti, zomwe zidakwaniritsa zomwe amayembekeza koma kutaya meya waposachedwa a Sergey Sobyanin, wosankhidwa ndi a Putin. Mu Disembala 2014, Navalny adalandiranso chigamulo china choyimitsidwa chifukwa chokuba ndalama. Milandu yonse iwiriyi imadziwika kuti ndi yandale ndipo ikufuna kumulepheretsa kuchita nawo zisankho mtsogolo. Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Europe (ECHR) pambuyo pake lidagamula kuti milanduyi idaphwanya ufulu wa a Navalny kuweruza mwachilungamo, koma sanasinthidwe. Mu Disembala 2016, Navalny adakhazikitsa kampeni yake yampando wachisankho cha 2018 koma adaletsedwa ndi Central Electoral Commission (CEC) yaku Russia atalembetsa chifukwa choweruza milandu ndipo Khothi Lalikulu ku Russia lidakana apiloyo. Mu 2017, CEC idati sangayenerere kudzapikisana nawo mpaka 2028. Mu 2018, adayambitsa Smart Voting, njira yovotera yolimbikitsa kuphatikiza mavoti a omwe akutsutsana ndi United Russia, kuti awachotsere mipando pachisankho.
+
+Mu Ogasiti 2020, Navalny adagonekedwa mchipatala atadwala chiphe ndi wothandizila mitsempha wa Novichok. Adasamutsidwa kuchipatala ku Berlin ndipo adamasulidwa patatha mwezi umodzi. Navalny adadzudzula Putin kuti ndi amene amamuyambitsa poyizoni, komanso ofufuza omwe adafufuza ku Federal Security Service (FSB). EU, UK ndi US adayankha pokhazikitsa zilango kwa akuluakulu aku Russia. Pa 17 Januware 2021, adabwerera ku Russia ndipo adamangidwa chifukwa chophwanya milandu yolekerera (yomwe idaperekedwa chifukwa choweruzidwa ndi 2014) chifukwa adalephera kukaonekera ku Federal Prison Service (FSIN) ku Russia kawiri pamwezi akadwala. Kutsatira kumangidwa kwake ndi kutulutsidwa kwa chikalata chachifumu cha Putin chomwe chidadzudzula Putin pachinyengo, ziwonetsero zazikulu zidachitika mdziko lonselo. Pa 2 february, chigamulo chake chomwe chidayimitsidwa chidasinthidwa ndikumangidwa, kutanthauza kuti akakhala zaka zopitilira ziwiri ndi theka kundende yokonzanso anthu ku Vladimir Oblast. Chigamulo cha ECHR chinanena kuti amasulidwe. Ali m'ndende, Navalny komanso magulu omenyera ufulu wa anthu aneneza akuluakulu aku Russia kuti amamuzunza. Amadziwika ndi Amnesty International ngati mkaidi wa chikumbumtima. Mu Okutobala 2021, adapatsidwa Mphoto ya Sakharov pantchito yake yokhudza ufulu wa anthu.
+
+Umboni 
+1976 kubadwa
+Priscila De Carvalho (wobadwa mu 1975) ndi wojambula waku America wobadwira ku Brazil yemwe amadziwika ndi zojambula, ziboliboli, zojambulajambula, zaluso zapawebusayiti, komanso zaluso zantchito zokhazikika.
+
+Moyo woyambirira komanso ntchito 
+De Carvalho adabadwira ku Curitiba, Brazil ku 1975. Ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, adayamba kupanga zojambula zazing'ono zofananira ndi zojambula, zoseweretsa komanso magazini azamafashoni. De Carvalho adasamukira ku San Francisco, California mzaka za m'ma 1990.
+
+Adayenda kwambiri ndikukhala m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza Tokyo, Berlin, ndi New York City, komwe wakhala akuchita zaluso kuyambira 2004. Nthawi imeneyi, De Carvalho wakhala akuchita nawo situdiyo yake ndikuwonetserako zingapo US, Europe, Latin America, ndi Southeast Asia. Zina mwazokwaniritsa ukadaulo wake ndi Pollock-Krasner Foundation Award, Sculpture Space wokhala nawo, Aljira Emerge 10 chiyanjano, chiwonetsero cha Lower East Side Printshop, Bronx Museum of the Arts 'Artist in the Marketplace, ndi Workspace Artist wokhala ku Jamaica Center for the Arts ndi Gallery Gallery. Adapanga chiwonetsero chake choyamba ndi Passageways ku Jersey City Museum, kutsegulira Marichi 19.
+
+Zolemba 
+1975 Kubadwa
+Cape Verde mwalamulo Republic of Cabo Verde, ndi malo azisumbu komanso zilumba m'chigawo chapakati cha Atlantic Ocean, yomwe ili ndi zilumba khumi zophulika zomwe zili ndi malo ophatikizika pafupifupi 4,033 ma kilomita (1,557 sq mi). Zilumbazi zili pakati pa 600 mpaka 850 kilomita (320 mpaka 460 nautical miles) kumadzulo kwa Cap-Vert yomwe ili kumadzulo chakumadzulo kwa kontinenti ya Africa. Zilumba za Cape Verde ndi gawo limodzi mwa mapiri a Macaronesia ecoregion, komanso Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, ndi Savage Isles.
+
+Zilumba za Cape Verde zidalibe anthu mpaka m'zaka za zana la 15, pomwe ofufuza aku Portugal adazindikira ndikulanda zilumbazi, motero kukhazikitsa kukhazikika koyamba ku Europe kumadera otentha. Chifukwa zilumba za Cape Verde zinali pamalo oyenera kuti zizichita nawo malonda aukapolo ku Atlantic, Cape Verde idayamba chuma m'zaka za zana la 16 ndi 17, ikukopa amalonda, anthu wamba, komanso achifwamba. Zinachepa pachuma m'zaka za zana la 19 chifukwa chotsata malonda aukapolo ku Atlantic, ndipo nzika zake zambiri zidasamukira panthawiyi. Komabe, Cape Verde pang'onopang'ono idapeza chuma mwakukhala malo ofunikira azamalonda komanso malo opumira panjira zazikulu zonyamula anthu. Mu 1951, Cape Verde idakhazikitsidwa ngati dipatimenti yakunja kwa Portugal, koma nzika zake zidapitilizabe kuchita kampeni yodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa mu 1975.
+
+Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, Cape Verde yakhala demokalase yoyimirira yokhazikika, ndipo yakhalabe amodzi mwamayiko otukuka kwambiri komanso demokalase ku Africa. Kuperewera kwa zachilengedwe, chuma chake chomwe chikubwera kumene chimakhazikika pantchito zantchito, zomwe zikuyang'ana kwambiri zokopa alendo komanso ndalama zakunja. Chiwerengero chake cha anthu pafupifupi 483,628 (monga Census 2021) makamaka ndi ochokera ku Africa ndi ku Europe, ndipo makamaka Roma Katolika, akuwonetsa cholowa chaulamuliro waku Portugal. Gulu lalikulu la anthu okhala kunja kwa Cape Verdean likupezeka padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku United States ndi Portugal, ndipo ndi ochulukirapo kuposa omwe amakhala pazilumbazi. Cape Verde ndi membala wa bungwe la African Union.
+
+Chilankhulo chovomerezeka ku Cape Verde ndi Chipwitikizi. Ndi chilankhulo chophunzitsira komanso boma. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'manyuzipepala, pa TV, komanso pawailesi.
+
+Zolemba 
+Cape Verde
+Jacques Offenbach (20 Juni 1819 - 5 Okutobala 1880) anali wolemba waku France wobadwira ku Germany, wolemba zimbale komanso impresario wa nthawi yachikondi. Amamukumbukira chifukwa cha ma opereta ake pafupifupi 100 a m'ma 1850 mpaka ma 1870, ndi opera yake yomwe sanamalize The Tales of Hoffmann. Adawakopa kwambiri olemba nyimbo za operetta, makamaka a Johann Strauss Jr. ndi Arthur Sullivan. Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino zidatsitsimutsidwa nthawi zonse m'zaka za zana la 20, ndipo ambiri mwa opereta ake akupitilizabe ku 21. The Tales of Hoffmann amakhalabe gawo la malo owerengera opera.
+
+Wobadwira ku Cologne, mwana wa sunagoge wa cantor, Offenbach adawonetsa luso loyimba. Ali ndi zaka 14, adalandiridwa ngati wophunzira ku Paris Conservatoire koma adapeza kuti maphunziro samakhutiritsa ndipo adachoka patatha chaka. Kuchokera mu 1835 mpaka 1855 adapeza ndalama zokhazokha monga woimba ma cell, ndikupeza kutchuka kwapadziko lonse lapansi, komanso ngati woyendetsa. Cholinga chake, komabe, chinali choti apange zoseweretsa zosewerera nyimbo. Atapeza oyang'anira kampani ya Paris 'Opéra-Comique osachita chidwi ndi zolemba zake, mu 1855 adachita lendi malo ochitira zisudzo ku Champs-Élysées. Kumeneko adawonetsa zidutswa zake zazing'ono, zomwe zambiri zidatchuka.
+
+Mu 1858, Offenbach adapanga operetta yake yoyamba, Orphée aux enfers ("Orpheus in the Underworld"), yomwe idalandiridwa bwino kwambiri ndipo idakhalabe imodzi mwamagawo omwe adasewera kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1860, adapanga ma operetas osachepera 18, komanso zidutswa zingapo. Ntchito zake kuyambira nthawi imeneyi anali La belle Hélène (1864), La Vie parisienne (1866), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867) ndi La Périchole (1868). Nthabwala zowopsa (nthawi zambiri zokhudzana ndi zachiwerewere) komanso zokometsera zazing'ono kwambiri, pamodzi ndi malo a Offenbach oyimbira, zidawapangitsa kudziwika padziko lonse lapansi, komanso matanthauzidwe adachita bwino ku Vienna, London ndi kwina kulikonse ku Europe.
+
+Offenbach adalumikizana ndi Ufumu Wachiwiri waku France wa Napoleon III; Emperor ndi khothi lake adakhuta mosiyanasiyana m'masewera ambiri a Offenbach. Napoleon III adam'patsa nzika zaku France komanso Légion d'Honneur. Pakubuka kwa nkhondo ya Franco-Prussian mu 1870, Offenbach adapezeka kuti sanakondedwa ku Paris chifukwa cholumikizana ndi mafumu komanso kubadwa kwake ku Germany. Anakhalabe wopambana ku Vienna ndi London, komabe. Adadzikhazikitsanso ku Paris mzaka za m'ma 1870, ndikutsitsimutsidwa kwa ena mwaomwe adakonda kale ndi ntchito zatsopano, ndipo adapita ku U.S. M'zaka zake zomaliza adayesetsa kumaliza The Tales of Hoffmann, koma adamwalira zisanachitike pulogalamu ya opera, yomwe idalowa m'malo omasulira omwe adamaliza kapena kusinthidwa ndi oyimba ena.
+
+Zolemba 
+1819 kubadwa
+1880 imfa
+Elizabeth L. Gardner (1921 - Disembala 22, 2011) anali woyendetsa ndege waku America pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yemwe anali membala wa Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP). Anali m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege achikazi aku America komanso mutu wa chithunzi chodziwika bwino, atakhala pampando woyendetsa ndege wa Martin B-26 Marauder.
+
+Mu 2009, oyendetsa ndege 300 a WASP adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Golide Yachidwi kudzera mu cholembedwa chimodzi.
+
+Moyo woyambirira ndi banja 
+Gardner anabadwira ku Rockford, Illinois, mu 1921. Anamaliza maphunziro a Rockford High School mu 1939. Anali mayi komanso mayi wapakhomo nkhondo isanayambe. Atakwatiwa, anatenga dzina lomaliza la Remba.
+
+Ntchito ya usilikali 
+Atalembetsa kukhala membala wa WASP, Gardner "anali ndi masiku awiri akuphunzitsidwa pansi pa Lieutenant Col. Paul Tibbets, yemwe pambuyo pake analamulira B-29 yomwe inagwetsa bomba loyamba la atomu pa Hiroshima". Iye anali mutu wa chithunzi cha mbiri yakale chojambulidwa kaŵirikaŵiri pamene anali ndi zaka pafupifupi 22; choyambirira chikuchitikira ku National Archives. Chithunzicho chinakhala chizindikiro cha malo a akazi potumikira dziko lawo.
+
+Gardner adakwera ndege za Martin B-26 Marauder, kuphatikizira woponya bomba wa AT-23. Imodzi mwa masiteshoni ake inali ku Dodge City, Kansas. Anaphunzitsidwa ntchito yoyendetsa ndege yoyesera komanso mphunzitsi woyendetsa ndege, komanso ankayendetsa ndege zomwe zimakoka malo omwe amawombera ndege.
+
+Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri akumenyera nkhondo kuti avomerezedwe usilikali, mamembala a WASP adadziwika ndi Congressional Gold Medal mu 2009.
+
+Pambuyo pake moyo ndi cholowa 
+Mu December 1944, boma linathetsa bungwe la WASP, ndipo Gardner anabwerera ku bungwe laokha. Anali woyendetsa ndege pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, akuwulukira ku Piper Aircraft Corporation ku Pennsylvania. M’malo mwake, anayamba kuchita nawo maunansi a anthu, pogwiritsa ntchito luso lake loyendetsa ndege ponyamula makasitomala a Piper, kukumana ndi Dipatimenti Yoona za Chitetezo, ndiponso kulemba zokamba zonse za William T. Piper.
+
+Gardner adagwira ntchito yoyesa woyendetsa ndege itatha nkhondo, kuphatikiza General Textile Mills, yomwe imagwira ntchito paparachute yandege yomwe idapangidwa kuti ikhazikitse bwino ndege zomwe zidapumira pakuthawa. Adachita nawo mayeso osachepera awiri ndi chipangizocho mu Disembala 1945, zomwe zidamukakamiza kuti atuluke mundege pomwe parachuti idasokonezeka mu ndege yoyeserera. Pa chochitika chachiwiri, ndegeyo inalowa m'madzi pamene zikepe zake zinali zitadzaza ndi parachuti; Gardner anathawa m'chipinda chodyeramo, koma anali 500 ft (150 m) kuchokera pansi pamene parachuti yake inatsegulidwa.
+
+Adamwalira ku New York pa Disembala 22, 2011. Rockford, Illinois idachita phwando lanyumba kumzinda wa 2019 ndikuphatikizanso chojambula chojambulidwa ndi ojambula aku Ohio a Jenny Roesel Ustick ndi Atalie Gagnet kutengera nthawi ya Gardner ngati WASP.
+
+Zolemba 
+1921 kubadwa
+2011 imfa
+Doraemon (Chijapani: ドラえもん ) ndi mndandanda wa manga waku Japan wolembedwa ndi kujambulidwa ndi Fujiko F. Fujio.
+
+manga
+Dame Sandra Prunella Mason, GCMG, DA, QC (wobadwa 17 Januware 1949) ndi wandale komanso loya waku Barbadian yemwe wakhala Bwanamkubwa wachisanu ndi chitatu komanso wapano wa Barbados kuyambira 2018. Iyenso ndi purezidenti wosankhidwa wa Barbados, chifukwa chotengera ofesi pa 30 Novembala 2021, pomwe dzikolo lidzathetsa kukhala republic.
+
+Iye anali Loya-Pa-Law yemwe anali woweruza wa Khothi Lalikulu ku Saint Lucia komanso woweruza wa Khothi la Apilo ku Barbados. Iye anali mkazi woyamba kuloledwa ku Bar mu mbiri ya Barbados. Anatumikira monga wapampando wa bungwe la CARICOM kuti ayese mgwirizano wa chigawo, anali woweruza woyamba kusankhidwa kukhala Ambassador wochokera ku Barbados, ndipo anali mkazi woyamba kutumikira ku Khoti Loona za Apilo ku Barbados. Anali woyamba kusankhidwa ku Bajan ku Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal. Mu 2017, adasankhidwa kukhala Bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa 8 ku Barbados, ndi nthawi yoyambira pa 8 January 2018. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kusankhidwa kwake, Mason adapatsidwa Dame Grand Cross mu Order of Saint Michael ndi Saint George. Potengera udindo wa Bwanamkubwa-General, Dame Sandra Mason adakhala Chancellor wa Order of National Heroes, Order of Barbados ndi Order of Freedom.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+1949 kabadwa
+Abdalla Hamdok (womasuliridwanso kuti Abdallah, Hamdouk; Chiarabu: عبدالله حمدوك; wobadwa 1 Januware 1956) ndi wandale wakale waku Sudan komanso wolamulira wakale wa boma yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati Prime Minister wa 15 ku Sudan kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2021. Asanasankhidwa, Hamdok adatumikira m'maudindo ambiri mdziko lonse komanso m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Kuyambira Novembala 2011 mpaka Okutobala 2018, anali Wachiwiri kwa Mlembi wamkulu wa United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA). Ogwira ntchito ku UNECA adalongosola Hamdok ngati "Kazembe, munthu wodzichepetsa komanso wanzeru komanso wozindikira". Mu Ogasiti 2019, Hamdok adayandama ngati wosankhidwa kukhala Prime Minister waku Sudan pakusintha kwa demokalase ku Sudan mu 2019.
+
+Kutsatira kusamutsidwa kwa mphamvu kuchokera ku Transitional Military Council kupita ku Sovereignty Council of Sudan, Sovereignty Council idasankha Abdalla Hamdok kukhala nduna yayikulu panthawi yosinthira. Analumbiritsidwa pa 21 August 2019.
+
+Anabedwa ndikusamukira kumalo osadziwika pambuyo pa kulanda boma pa 25 October 2021. Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok ndi yekhayo amene ali ndi udindo wovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Mayiko a Norway, United States, France, Germany ndi United Nations adzudzula kugwidwa kwa Abdalla Hamdok, nduna ndi anthu ena odana ndi usilikali kapena ochirikiza boma komanso omenyera ufulu wawo ndipo apemphanso achitetezo kuti awatulutse popanda zikhalidwe.
+
+Zolemba
+
+1956 kubadwa
+Pa 25 Okutobala 2021, asitikali aku Sudan motsogozedwa ndi General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan adalanda boma polanda boma. Pafupifupi anthu asanu akuluakulu aboma adamangidwa poyamba. Nduna Yachiwembu Abdalla Hamdok adasamutsidwa ndi asitikali achiwembu kupita kumalo osadziwika atakana kulengeza kuti akuthandizira kulanda boma ndikuyitanitsa kuti anthu ambiri azitsutsa. Kuzimitsidwa kwa intaneti kofala kunanenedwanso. Pambuyo pake tsiku lomwelo, Bungwe la Sovereignty Council linathetsedwa, mkhalidwe wadzidzidzi unakhazikitsidwa, ndipo ambiri a Bungwe la Hamdok Cabinet ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha ochirikiza boma adamangidwa. Magulu akuluakulu a anthu wamba kuphatikizapo Sudanese Professionals Association ndi Forces of Freedom and Change adapempha kusamvera kwa anthu komanso kukana kugwirizana ndi okonza zigawenga. Ziwonetsero zazikulu zidachitika pa 25 Okutobala motsutsana ndi kulanda, ndi mayankho owopsa ndi asitikali. Anthu osachepera 7 afa ndipo oposa 140 anavulala pa zionetsero za tsikulo.
+
+Zolemba 
+2021 ku Africa
+Bungwe la Zambia National Service kapena kungoti ZNS ndi gawo la gulu lankhondo la Zambian Defense Force lomwe cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuphunzitsa nzika za Zambia zaulimi ndi luso laukadaulo idakhazikitsidwa mu 1963 ngati Land Army.
+
+Mbiri 
+Idakhazikitsidwa mu 1963 ndi chipani cha United National Independence Party ngati phiko lachinyamata la gulu lodziyimira pawokha, lotchedwa Land Army lomwe lidakhazikitsidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yankhondo pakachitika kuti zokambirana zodziyimira pawokha zidalephera. Kuyambira pa Okutobala 24, 1964 atalandira ufulu mwamtendere, Land Army idachotsedwa ntchito. Pa Disembala 20, 1971 kudzera mulamulo lanyumba yamalamulo, gulu lankhondo la ZNS lidabadwa. Ndi udindo wa Zambia mu nkhondo yolimbana ndi tsankho ku South Africa gawo la maphunziro a usilikali linakhala mbali ya ZNS. Mu 1974 maphunziro a usilikali anakakamizika kwa omaliza sukulu ya fomu 5, omaliza maphunziro a yunivesite ndi akuluakulu aboma. Mu 1980 maphunziro okakamiza omaliza maphunziro a form five adayimitsidwa.
+
+Ntchito 
+
+ Kuwongolera, kugwirizana ndi machitidwe a ntchito zonse zankhondo
+ Kuphunzitsa nzika ndi ogwira ntchito monga momwe zakhazikitsira nthambi ya Boma la Republic of Zambia ndi Administration
+ Kupereka ndi kukonza njira zoyankhulirana mkati mwautumiki
+ Kulumikizana ndi mautumiki ena ndi mapiko achitetezo pankhani zachitetezo ndi chitetezo
+ Kulembedwa ntchito kwa mamembala ake m’ntchito zofunika kwambiri m’dziko mwachitsanzo. Kuwongolera ndi kuchepetsa masoka
+ Chitetezo cha Republic ndi Kupanga Zaulimi
+
+Zolemba 
+Msilikali waku Zambia
+Zambia
+Mtanda omwe etymologically amatanthauza "mu mzimu wa mtanda" angatanthauze:
+
+mphambano (carrefour), mphambano ya misewu iwiri, misewu, ndi zina zotero.
+
+mphambano popanda kusintha kotheka kwa njira ziwiri;
+
+kuwoloka, ntchito ya biology yokweretsa anthu awiri (zinyama kapena zomera) za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena ayi.
+
+Zitha kuchitika mkati mwa kuswana: kuwoloka.
+
+Pakuchuluka, mitanda imatha kutanthauza:
+
+Crossroads - Gawo 1 ndi Crossroads - Gawo 2, magawo awiri a kanema wawayilesi wa Battlestar Galactica.
+Torsten Haß (wobadwa pa 21 Novembala 1970), wotchedwa Kim Godal, ndi wolemba wa Germany.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zogwirizana zakunja
+ KVK (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, WorldCat): Torsten Haß
+ KVK (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, WorldCat): Kim Godal
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Jean-Joseph Sanfourche, yemwe amadziwika kuti Sanfourche, ndi wojambula wachifalansa, wolemba ndakatulo, wojambula komanso wosemasema, wobadwa pa June 25, 1929 ku Bordeaux, ndipo anamwalira pa March 13, 2010 ku Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat. Ankachita zamatsenga ndipo anali bwenzi la Gaston Chaissac, Jean Dubuffet, Robert Doisneau, yemwe ankalemberana naye makalata .
+Lucy Banda-Sichone (1954-1998) anali womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ku Zambia yemwe adachita gawo lalikulu poyimira anthu aku Zambia omwe ufulu wawo udaphwanyidwa ndi boma panthawiyo. Wobadwira ndikukulira mumzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri ku Zambia, Kitwe, adakhala mayi woyamba waku Zambia kulandira Rhodes Scholarship komanso mkazi woyamba kukhala ndi chithunzi chake pamakoma a Rhodes House yotchuka ya Oxford University.
+1954 kubadwa
+Margaret Mhango Mwanakatwe ndi wandale ku Zambia yemwe anali nduna ya zachuma kuyambira 14 February 2018 mpaka 14 July 2019. Anagwirapo kale ntchito monga bizinesi, accountant, ndi bank executive. Iye anali mkulu woona za chitukuko cha bizinesi mu Anglophone Africa ku United Bank for Africa ku likulu la banki ku Lagos, Nigeria. Pa udindowu, adayang'anira chitukuko cha bizinesi ku Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, ndi Zambia. Izi zisanachitike, adakhala ngati manejala wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa United Bank for Africa Uganda Limited kuyambira Marichi 2009 mpaka Meyi 2011.
+
+Zolema
+Gabriel Boric Font, ndi wandale waku Chile wakumanzere. Ndi purezidenti wosankhidwa wa Chile, woimira wamkulu kwambiri m'mbiri ya dziko lake, akugonjetsa José Antonio Kast yemwe ali kumanja.
+
+Iye anali mtsogoleri wofunikira, panthawi yosonkhanitsa ophunzira m'dziko lake ku 2011, ndipo wakhala akugwira ntchito ngati wachiwiri ku Republic kuyambira 2014. Iye ndi Punta Arenas poyamba.
+
+Kuyambira mu 2022, adzakhala wolamulira wamng'ono wachiwiri padziko lapansi
+
+Chile
+Dzuwa (Dzuŵa; chizindikiro: )
+
+astronomy
+Dziko Lapansi (chizindikiro cha dziko: )
+Carlos Percy Liza Espinoza (wobadwa pa 10 April 2000) ndi wosewera mpira waku Peru. Amasewera ngati kutsogolo ndipo timu yake yapano ndi Sporting Cristal wochokera ku Liga 1 yaku Peru.
+
+Wobadwira ndikukulira mumzinda wa Chimbote, ali ndi zaka 16 adakhazikika ku Lima, komwe Sporting Cristal adavomera kumulanga atasamukira ku likulu. The Promotion Tournament mu 2018, adapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu lake ndi timu yoyamba ali ndi zaka 18, mu Epulo 2019. Atakhala chizolowezi chovulala koyambirira kwa ntchito yake, adakhazikitsanso nyengo ina yosungirako kuti akwaniritse mpikisano wazaka ziwiri chaka chimenecho. Chaka chotsatira adadziwonetsa ngati wosewera wofunikira kwambiri ku gululi, adatenga udindo wake woyamba mu 2020, pomwe ndi Sporting Cristal adakhala ngwazi ya mpikisanowo. Tournament, Bicentennial Cup ndipo alengezedwa kukhala omaliza mu mpikisanowu.
+
+Zolemba 
+2000 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+M'chipembedzo cha theosophy ndi sukulu ya filosofi yotchedwa anthroposophy, zolemba za Akashic ndizophatikiza zochitika zonse zapadziko lonse, malingaliro, mawu, malingaliro ndi zolinga zomwe zakhala zikuchitika m'mbuyomo, zamakono, kapena zamtsogolo malinga ndi zochitika zonse ndi moyo. , osati anthu okha. Amakhulupilira ndi a theosophists kuti amasungidwa mu ndege yopanda thupi yomwe imadziwika kuti ndege yamalingaliro. Pali nkhani zongopeka koma palibe umboni wasayansi wosonyeza kukhalapo kwa zolemba za Akashic.
+
+Akasha (ākāśa आकाश) ndi liwu la Sanskrit lotanthauza "aether", "thambo", kapena "atmosphere".
+
+Mbiri
+
+Theosophical Society 
+Mawu a Sanskrit akasha adayambitsidwa ku chilankhulo cha theosophy kudzera mwa H. P. Blavatsky (1831-1891), yemwe adadziwika ngati mphamvu ya moyo; iye anatchulanso za "mapiritsi osawonongeka a kuwala kwa astral" kujambula zonse zakale ndi zam'tsogolo za malingaliro ndi zochita za anthu, koma sanagwiritse ntchito mawu akuti "akashic". Lingaliro la mbiri ya akashic linafalitsidwanso ndi Alfred Percy Sinnett m'buku lake Esoteric Buddhism (1883) pamene anatchula Katekisimu Wachibuda wa Henry Steel Olcott (1881). Olcott analemba kuti “Buddha anaphunzitsa zinthu ziwiri kuti ndi zamuyaya, mwachitsanzo, ‘Akasa’ ndi ‘Nirvana’: chilichonse chatuluka mu Akasa pomvera lamulo la kayendedwe ka zinthu zimene zimachitika mmenemo, ndipo, zimachoka. ." Olcott akufotokozanso kuti "Chibuda choyambirira, ndiye kuti, momveka bwino chimagwirizana ndi kukhazikika kwa zolemba mu Akasa ndi kuthekera kwa munthu kuŵerenga zomwezo, pamene adasinthidwa kufika pamlingo wa kuunikira kowona kwa munthu payekha."
+
+Wolemba C. W. Leadbeater's Clairvoyance (1899) kulumikizana kwa mawuwa ndi lingaliro kunali kokwanira, ndipo adazindikira zolemba za akashic ndi dzina ngati chinthu chomwe clairvoyant amatha kuwerenga.[5] M'chaka chake cha 1913 Man: Wherece, How and Where, Leadbeater amati analemba mbiri ya Atlantis ndi zitukuko zina komanso tsogolo la dziko lapansi m'zaka za zana la 28. 
+
+Alice A. Bailey analemba m’buku lake lakuti Light of the Soul on The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali – Book 3 – Union achieved and its Results (1927):
+
+Mbiri ya akashic ili ngati filimu yayikulu yojambula, yolembetsa zokhumba zonse ndi zochitika zapadziko lapansi. Amene amachizindikira adzaona chithunzithunzi pamenepo: Zokumana nazo pa moyo wa munthu aliyense kuyambira kalekale, zochita za nyama zonse, kusanjika kwa malingaliro a karmic (kutengera chikhumbo) cha munthu aliyense. nthawi yonseyi. Apa pali chinyengo chachikulu cha zolembedwa. Wamatsenga wophunzitsidwa bwino yekha ndi amene angasiyanitse pakati pa zochitika zenizeni ndi zithunzi za astral zopangidwa ndi malingaliro ndi chikhumbo champhamvu.
+
+Rudolf Steiner 
+
+Theosophist wa ku Austria, ndipo pambuyo pake anayambitsa Anthroposophy, Rudolf Steiner anagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la Akashic records makamaka mndandanda wa nkhani za m'magazini yake Lucifer-Gnosis kuyambira 1904 mpaka 1908, kumene analemba za Atlantis ndi Lemuria, mitu yokhudzana ndi mbiri yawo ndi chitukuko. Kupatula izi, adagwiritsa ntchito mawuwa pamutu wa nkhani za Fifth Gospel zomwe zidachitika mu 1913 ndi 1914, posakhalitsa maziko a Anthroposophical Society ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Steiner ku Theosophical Society Adyar.
+
+Zina 
+
+Edgar Cayce adanena kuti atha kupeza zolemba za Akashic.
+Sanfourche ndi dzina labanja lodziwika bwino ndi:
+
+ Henry Sanfourche (1775-1841), msilikali wa Ufumu wa France;
+ Jean-Baptiste Sanfourche, (1831-?), katswiri wa zomangamanga wa ku France;
+ Jean-Joseph Sanfourche, wongodziwika kuti Sanfourche (1929-2010), wojambula wa ku France, wolemba ndakatulo, wojambula ndi wosema;
+ Pierre Sanfourche-Laporte (1774-1856), woweruza wa ku France.
+
+Malifalensi
+Chinterligue (Interlingue), yomwe kale inali Occidental, ndi chilankhulo chothandizira padziko lonse lapansi chopangidwa ndi Edgar de Wahl ndipo chinasindikizidwa mu 1922.
+
+Interlingue ndiye chilankhulo chosavuta kuphunzira chifukwa cha chilankhulo chocheperako komanso chokhazikika, komanso mapangidwe ake apadziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Zolemba 
+Zolemba zazikulu mu chinterlingue zidawonekera ku Cosmoglotta. Panalinso mabuku ena, oyambirira ndi omasuliridwa, ofalitsidwa mu Interlingue.
+
+Zina mwa ntchito ku Interlingue ndi:
+ Kajš, Jan Amos (1938) Krasina, raconta del subterrania del Moravian carst.
+ Podobský, Jaroslav (1935/1947) Li astres del Verne.
+ Costalago, Vicente (2021) Li sercha in li castelle Dewahl e altri racontas.
+ Costalago, Vicente (2021) Antologie hispan.
+ Costalago, Vicente (2021) Fabules, racontas e mites.
+
+Maumboni 
+
+Chinterligue
+Chilankhulo
+Masewera a Olimpiki Ozizira a 2022, omwe amatchedwa XXIV Olympic Winter Games, ndi Masewera a 24 a Winter Olympics. Ndi masewera apadziko lonse a nyengo yozizira omwe adzachitika kuyambira pa February 4 mpaka February 20, 2022. Kupikisana kopambana kudalengezedwa m'chilimwe cha 2015 ndipo Beijing idasankhidwa, ndipo popeza idachita nawo Masewera a Olimpiki a Chilimwe a 2008, ukhala mzinda woyamba. kuti achite nawo ma Olympic a Chilimwe ndi Zima.
+
+Candidate Cities 
+
+  Beijing, China (chosen)
+  Almaty, Kazakhstan
+  Oslo, Norway
+
+Zotsatsa
+
+Asia 
+
+ Harbin, China: Li Zhanshu, bwanamkubwa wa Heilongjiang, wanena kuti "Tikalepheranso Masewera a 2018, tatsimikiza mtima kupambana Masewera a Zima a 2022." Harbin adapempha ma Olympic a Zima a 2010, koma sanapange mndandanda waufupi. - Kazakhstan: 
+ Kazakhstan ikuganiza zopanga masewera a 2022, mwina ku Almaty, likulu lakale, mzinda waukulu kwambiri, komanso malo azachuma, kapena kugawidwa pakati pa Almaty ndi Nur-Sultan, likulu. Njira ina ya Almaty imapereka mwayi wopambana, koma njira yogawikana imakondedwa ndi boma chifukwa chotsika mtengo, popeza mabwalo ambiri ndi mahotela alipo kale. Kazakhstan inachita nawo Masewera a Azia a ku Asia a 2011, omwe angawoneke ngati kukonzekera kukonzekera Masewera a Olimpiki a Zima mu 2022. Masewera a Zima ku Asia adagawidwa pakati pa Astana ndi Almaty. Pa Novembara 29, 2011, Almaty adasankhidwa kuti achite nawo Winter Universiade ya 2017.
+
+Zolemba
+Mbiri ya malonda a plumber ndi nkhani yakale, kuyambira pomanga mapiramidi ku Egypt wakale; zotsimikiziridwa ndi mapaipi amkuwa azaka 4,500, ndi ntchito yomwe yapitilira kutukuka ndikukula kwazaka mazana ambiri ndi mibadwo ya okonza mapaipi omwe adayigwiritsa ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti itumizidwanso.
+
+Mizinda ya ku Greece yakale inali ndi ma network awo amadzi omwe amapereka akasupe a anthu onse ndikuyika m'nyumba zokhalamo anthu komanso nyumba zaboma. Chiyambi cha kugawa madzi m'nthawi zakale ndi ntchito ya Roma mu Ufumu wonse wa Roma, umene zotsalira zambiri zidakalipo. Pambuyo pa kuwukira kwakukulu kwa zaka za 5th ndi 6th, ntchito ya plumber idabadwanso ndikuwongoleranso kutsogolo kwa nyumba zachifumu kenako ma cathedrals, asanabwerere kukapereka akasupe ndi masewera ena amadzi m'nyumba za Renaissance. M’zaka za m’ma 1800 madzi akukwera pang’onopang’ono m’nyumbazo, ndi kufika kwa gasi pansanjika zonse. Zaka za zana la 20 ndi zaka zamadzi kwa onse m'maiko otukuka, m'makhitchini ndi mabafa amizinda ndi kumidzi.
+
+Ntchito ya plumber ndi yosiyana siyana komanso yovuta, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe plumber imayitanidwa kuti igwire: kuyika madzi ndi gasi mkati mwa nyumba, moto woteteza, mpweya wamankhwala, ntchito yothirira. paulimi, kugwira ntchito mu mphamvu ya geothermal, kukonzanso ndi kubwezeretsa zinyalala zapakhomo pogwiritsa ntchito ma methanization, ndi madzi ena ambiri; mpaka cha m'ma 1850, anali okonza mipope amene anatsogolera denga la matchalitchi, mipingo ndi nyumba zina zaboma kapena zapadera. Malo omwe ntchito ya plumber ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osiyanasiyana: nyumba zonse zogona, zosamalira ndi zopumulira, nyumba zamaofesi, zipatala ndi ma laboratories, kukhazikitsa m'mafakitale ndi kumidzi. Makamaka, mu duwa komwe mudzapeza ma plumbers ambiri a Toulouse (plombier Toulouse). Choncho, mabomba si malo okhawo amene amagulitsa maula.
+
+Ntchito ya wopaka mapaipi simangogwira ntchito pansi pa sinki, kutsekera madzi otuluka, kukonza ngalande, kapena kukonzanso zimbudzi.
+
+Zopangira zamakono za bafa.
+
+“Ponena izi sitinyoza ntchito ya dzanja lomwe lili ndi chida. Ntchito ya manja ndiyo kuphunzira kukhulupirika. Mulole ntchito ya manja anu ikhale chizindikiro cha kuzindikira ndi ulemu ku chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ngakhale kuti ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ntchito ya plumber kukonza zotulukapo ndikubweretsa ukhondo ndi chitonthozo m'nyumba, mafakitale kapena malo opumira, ntchito yake ndikutenga nawo gawo pazinthu zina zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimafuna chidziwitso chochuluka m'malo ambiri aukadaulo. ndi zaka zambiri zamalonda.
+
+Malo opumira am'madzi.
+
+Makampani opangira mapaipi omwe amapangira ma plumbers amatha kugwira ntchito zambiri zamapaipi, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso padera pa gawo limodzi kapena zingapo za ntchitoyi:
+
+Mahotela okhala ndi zimbudzi zowoneka bwino komanso zazikulu, makamaka m'mahotela apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi momwe mwala wamiyala amapaka golide. "Wokongoletsayo wapeza bwino kwambiri, zochititsa chidwi alchemy pakati pa mitengo, nsangalabwi, golide ndi silika [...] pansi ndi makoma yokutidwa ndi zokongola Carrara nsangalabwi ndi mitsempha osowa, mayunitsi zachabechabe, grandiose , yokutidwa kwathunthu ndi 24 carat golide. tsamba. » Pamwamba pa zipinda zosambira « marble pansi ndi pa makoma, mipope ya golidi, ngakhale ndi diamondi ». Ku George-V: "Nyumba yachifumuyi ili ndi mabafa apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi golide [...] marble ndiye wofunikira, inde. »
+
+Malo ogulitsira omwe ali ndi masitolo ambiri, okhala ndi akasupe, chitetezo cha moto, malo odyera ndi zimbudzi, osanenapo za kubwerera kwa madzi otayikawa kumalo opangira mankhwala.
+
+Kumanga nsanja zazikulu za konkire, galasi ndi zitsulo zomwe zimawulukira kumwamba ndi kumene madzi akumwa ayenera kubweretsedwa, komanso madzi amafunikira kuthirira ndi kuteteza moto.
+
+Kabati yogawa gasi wachipatala m'chipatala.
+
+Malo amakono aukhondo pabwalo la ndege lapadziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Zipatala zokhala ndi madzi ozizira osaphika, madzi oyeretsedwa kuti akwaniritse njira yazida zosamalira mwapadera kwambiri, maukonde amadzi otentha pamatenthedwe ochulukirapo kapena pang'ono, pazosowa za zipinda, khitchini ndi zovala. Ndiwonso kukhetsa madzi awa mochulukira kapena kudzaza ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoipitsa ndi zida, zomwe ziyenera kuchitiridwa m'malo opangira mankhwala kapena akasinja, asanatulutsidwe mumayendedwe otayira kapena malo ena.
+Pa February 24, 2022, dziko la Russia linayambitsa nkhondo yaikulu ku Ukraine, yomwe inali imodzi mwa oyandikana nawo kumwera chakumadzulo, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti nkhondoyo inayamba mu 2014. kuyambira Nkhondo Yadziko II.
+
+Kutsatira Kusintha kwa Ulemu ku Ukraine mu 2014, dziko la Russia lidalanda dziko la Crimea, pomwe magulu odzipatula omwe amathandizidwa ndi Russia adalanda mbali ina ya Donbas kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, zomwe zidayambitsa nkhondo yazaka zisanu ndi zitatu m'derali. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2021, panali gulu lankhondo laku Russia kuzungulira malire a Russia ndi Ukraine. A US ndi ena adadzudzula dziko la Russia kuti likukonzekera kuukira ku Ukraine, koma akuluakulu aku Russia adakana mobwerezabwereza mpaka 20 February 2022. Panthawi yamavuto, pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adawonetsa kuwonjezereka kwa NATO pambuyo pa 1997 ngati chiwopsezo cha chitetezo cha dziko lake. zomwe NATO idakana, ndikulamula kuti Ukraine iletsedwe kulowa nawo NATO. Putin adawonetsa malingaliro aku Russia osazindikira, ndikukayikira ufulu waku Ukraine wokhala ndi boma. Kuukira kusanachitike, poyesa kupereka casus belli, Putin adadzudzula dziko la Ukraine chifukwa chopha anthu olankhula Chirasha ku Ukraine; milandu imeneyi inafotokozedwa mofala ngati yopanda pake.
+
+Pa February 21, 2022, dziko la Russia linavomereza mwalamulo Donetsk People's Republic ndi Luhansk People's Republics, mayiko awiri odzitcha okha omwe akulamulidwa ndi asilikali odzipatula ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donbas. Tsiku lotsatira, Bungwe la Federation of Russia linavomereza mogwirizana kuti Putin agwiritse ntchito asilikali kunja, ndipo asilikali a Russia anatumizidwa poyera m'madera onse awiri. Pa 24 February, pafupifupi 05:00 EET (UTC + 2), Putin adalengeza "ntchito yapadera yankhondo", yomwe malinga ndi iye inali ndi cholinga cha "demilitarization" ndi "denazification" ya Ukraine. Patangopita mphindi zochepa, zida zoponya zidayamba kugunda kudera lonse la Ukraine, kuphatikiza likulu la Kyiv. Bungwe la State Border Guard Service la Ukraine linanena kuti malire ake ndi Russia ndi Belarus adawukiridwa. Patatha maola awiri, asilikali a ku Russia analowa m’dzikoli. Purezidenti wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy adayankha pokhazikitsa malamulo ankhondo, kuthetsa ubale waukazembe ndi Russia, ndikulamula kuti anthu onse azilimbikitsana mdziko lonse.
+
+Kuukiraku kudadzudzulidwa padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza zilango zatsopano zomwe zidaperekedwa ku Russia, zomwe zidayambitsa mavuto azachuma. Ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse lapansi zotsutsana ndi kuwukiraku zidachitika, pomwe ziwonetsero zaku Russia zidamangidwa ndi anthu ambiri. Nkhondo isanachitike komanso panthawi yomwe adaukira, mayiko osiyanasiyana adapereka thandizo lakunja ku Ukraine, kuphatikiza zida ndi zida zina. Poyankha, a Putin adayika zida zanyukiliya zaku Russia kukhala tcheru.
+
+Malinga ndi a UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), anthu opitilira miliyoni miliyoni a ku Ukraine adathawa mdzikolo sabata yoyamba yachiwembuchi, zomwe zidayambitsa vuto la othawa kwawo ku Europe konse.
+
+Mbiri
+
+Chikhalidwe cha post-Soviet 
+Pambuyo pa kutha kwa Soviet Union mu 1991, Ukraine ndi Russia anapitirizabe kugwirizana. Mu 1994, Ukraine idavomereza kusiya zida zake zanyukiliya ndipo idasaina Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances potengera kuti Russia, United Kingdom, ndi United States zipereka chitsimikiziro motsutsana ndi ziwopsezo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi kukhulupirika kapena kudziyimira pawokha pazandale. Ukraine. Zaka zisanu pambuyo pake, dziko la Russia linali m'modzi mwa omwe adasaina Charter for European Security, pomwe "idatsimikiziranso za ufulu wadziko lililonse lomwe likuchita nawo ufulu wosankha kapena kusintha makonzedwe ake achitetezo, kuphatikiza mapangano a mgwirizano, pomwe akusintha". Mu 2008, pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin anatsutsa zoti dziko la Ukraine lingalowe m'gulu la NATO Mu 2009, katswiri wa ku Romania, Iulian Chifu ndi olemba anzake, adanena kuti ponena za dziko la Ukraine, dziko la Russia latsatira Chiphunzitso cha Brezhnev, chomwe chimapereka ufulu wodzilamulira. ya Ukraine singakhale yokulirapo kuposa ya mayiko omwe ali mamembala a Warsaw Pact kugwa kwa gawo la Soviet Union kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi koyambirira kwa 1990s.
+
+Kusintha kwa Chiyukireniya ndi nkhondo 
+Pambuyo pa masabata angapo a zionetsero monga gawo la gulu la Euromaidan (2013-2014), pulezidenti wovomerezeka wa Russia Viktor Yanukovych ndi atsogoleri a otsutsa a nyumba yamalamulo ku Ukraine pa 21 February 2014 adasaina mgwirizano wothetsa chisankho chomwe chinafuna kuti chisankho chichitike. Tsiku lotsatira, Yanukovych anathawa ku Kyiv asanavotere mlandu womuchotsera udindo wake monga purezidenti. Atsogoleri a zigawo zakum'mawa kwa Ukraine zomwe amalankhula Chirasha adalengeza kuti akupitilizabe kukhulupirika kwa Yanukovych, zomwe zidayambitsa zipolowe za 2014 zotsutsana ndi Russia ku Ukraine. Zipolowezo zidatsatiridwa ndi kulandidwa kwa Crimea ndi Russia mu Marichi 2014 ndi Nkhondo ku Donbas, yomwe idayamba mu Epulo 2014 ndikukhazikitsidwa kwamayiko otsogozedwa ndi Russia a Donetsk ndi Luhansk People's Republics.
+
+Pa Seputembara 14, 2020, Purezidenti waku Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy adavomereza njira yatsopano yachitetezo cha dziko la Ukraine, "yomwe imapereka chitukuko cha mgwirizano wapadera ndi NATO ndi cholinga chokhala membala wa NATO." Pa 24 March 2021, Zelenskyy adasaina Lamulo la 117/2021 lovomereza "ndondomeko yochotsa ntchito ndikubwezeretsanso gawo lomwe linalandidwa kwakanthawi la Autonomous Republic of Crimea ndi mzinda wa Sevastopol."
+
+Mu Julayi 2021, a Putin adafalitsa nkhani yotchedwa On the Historical Unity of Russia and Ukrainians, pomwe adatsimikiziranso malingaliro ake kuti aku Russia ndi aku Ukraine anali "anthu amodzi". Wolemba mbiri waku America Timothy Snyder adafotokoza malingaliro a Putin ngati imperialism. Mtolankhani waku Britain Edward Lucas adafotokoza kuti ndikusinthanso mbiri yakale. Owonera ena anena utsogoleri wa Russia kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika a Ukraine yamakono ndi mbiri yake.
+
+Russia yati kutha kulowa m'malo a Ukraine ku NATO ndi kukulitsa kwa NATO kuwopseza chitetezo cha dziko. Momwemonso, Ukraine ndi mayiko ena aku Europe oyandikana ndi Russia adadzudzula a Putin kuti amayesa kusamvetsetsana ndi Russia komanso kutsatira mfundo zankhondo.
+
+Invasion 
+Pa 24 February, posakhalitsa 06:00 Moscow Time (UTC + 3), Putin adalengeza kuti adasankha kukhazikitsa "ntchito yapadera yankhondo" kummawa kwa Ukraine. M'mawu ake, a Putin adati palibe malingaliro oti atenge gawo la Ukraine komanso kuti amathandizira ufulu wa anthu aku Ukraine wodzilamulira. Anati cholinga cha "ntchito" chinali "kuteteza anthu" m'chigawo chomwe anthu ambiri amalankhula Chirasha cha Donbas omwe, malinga ndi Putin, "kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu tsopano, akhala akukumana ndi manyazi komanso kuphana kwa mafuko opangidwa ndi boma la Kyiv". A Putin adanenanso kuti Russia idafuna "kuchotsedwa ndi kunyozedwa" ku Ukraine. Patangopita mphindi zochepa kuchokera pomwe Putin adalengeza, kuphulika kunachitika ku Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa, ndi Donbas.
+
+Nthawi yomweyo kuukirako, Zelenskyy adalengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ankhondo ku Ukraine; usiku womwewo, adalamula kuti amuna onse azaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 60 apite patsogolo. Asilikali a ku Russia adalowa ku Ukraine kuchokera kumbali zinayi zazikulu: kumpoto kuchokera ku Belarus, akupita ku Kyiv; kumpoto chakum'mawa kuchokera ku Russia, kulowera ku Kharkiv; kum’maŵa kuchokera ku Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR) ndi Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR); ndi kum'mwera kuchokera ku dera lolandidwa la Crimea.
+
+Kutsogolo kwa kumpoto 
+
+Ntchito yoti atenge mzinda wa Kyiv inaphatikizapo ntchito yaikulu yolowera kum'mwera kuchokera ku Belarus m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Dnipro, ndipo zikuoneka kuti ankayesa kuzungulira Kyiv kuchokera kumadzulo. Imathandizidwa ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri zosiyana zakuukira ku Russia m'mphepete mwakum'mawa kwa Dnipro: kumadzulo ku Chernihiv ndi kum'mawa ku Sumy. Nkhwangwa zakum'mawa zakuukira zikuwoneka kuti zizungulira Kyiv kuchokera kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa.
+
+Pa Nkhondo ya Chernobyl, anthu a ku Russia adagonjetsa mizinda ya Chernobyl ndi Pripyat; Kupita kwawo kunalepheretsedwa ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa asitikali aku Ukraine. Pambuyo pa kupambana kwawo ku Chernobyl, Russia ikupita patsogolo pa Nkhondo ya Ivankiv, dera lakumpoto la Kyiv. Russian Airborne Forces anayesa kulanda ndege ziwiri kuzungulira Kyiv m'masiku oyambirira akumenyana, poyamba pa Antonov Airport ndiyeno, pa 26 February, pa Nkhondo ya Vasylkiv pa Vasylkiv Air Base kumwera kwa Kyiv. Masiku oyambirirawa adawoneka ngati kuyesa kwa Russia kuti agwire Kyiv mofulumira ndi Spetsnaz adalowa mumzindawu mothandizidwa ndi machitidwe a ndege komanso kutsogola kwachangu kuchokera kumpoto, koma sizinaphule kanthu.
+
+Pofika kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, kupita patsogolo kwa Russia kumadzulo kwa Dnipro kunali kochepa, kuvutitsidwa ndi chitetezo cha Ukraine. Gulu lalikulu lankhondo laku Russia, lomwe linali lalitali makilomita 64, "lidapita patsogolo pang'ono" ku Kyiv. Kutsogola m'mbali mwa Chernihiv kudayima pomwe mzindawo ukuzingidwa. Russia idapita patsogolo kwambiri panjira ya Sumy kutsogolo Kum'mawa: Konotop idagwa pomwe Nkhondo ya Sumy inali kupitilira. Asilikali aku Russia, akuyenda m'misewu ikuluikulu kuchokera ku Sumy kudutsa malo athyathyathya, otseguka omwe anali malo osatetezeka otetezeka, adafika ku Brovary, dera lakum'mawa kwa Kyiv.
+
+Kuchokera Kum'mawa kutsogolo 
+Kumpoto chakum’mawa, asilikali a ku Russia anayesa kulanda Kharkiv ndi Sumy, omwe ali pamtunda wa makilomita osakwana 35 (22 mi) kuchokera kumalire a Russia. Malinga ndi ankhondo aku Ukraine, Nkhondo ya Konotop idatayika pa 25 February. Mu Nkhondo ya Kharkiv, akasinja Russian anakumana ndi kukana kwambiri. Pa 28 February, mzindawu udayang'aniridwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe zidapha anthu angapo. Nkhondoyo inafotokozedwa ndi mlangizi wa pulezidenti wa ku Ukraine monga "Stalingrad m'zaka za zana la 21". Mu Nkhondo ya Sumy, ngakhale kukana pang'ono koyambirira, asitikali aku Ukraine ndi asitikali ankhondo adayamba kulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia mkati mwa mzindawo, zomwe zidayambitsa nkhondo zazikulu zamatawuni.
+
+M'mawa pa February 25, Asilikali ankhondo aku Russia adakwera kuchokera kudera la DPR chakum'mawa kupita ku Mariupol ndipo adakumana ndi asitikali aku Ukraine pafupi ndi mudzi wa Pavlopil, komwe adagonjetsedwa. Asitikali ankhondo aku Russia akuti adayamba kuwukira panyanja ya Azov pamtunda wa makilomita 70 (43 mi) kumadzulo kwa Mariupol madzulo a 25 February. Msilikali wina wachitetezo ku US adanenanso kuti aku Russia atha kutumiza masauzande ankhondo aku Russia Naval Infantry kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanjayi. Pa 1 Marichi, Denis Pushilin, wamkulu wa DPR, adalengeza kuti magulu ankhondo a DPR azungulira pafupifupi mzinda wapafupi wa Volnovakha ndipo posakhalitsa achita zomwezo ku Mariupol.
+
+Kuchokera kutsogolo Kumwera 
+Pa February 24, asilikali a ku Russia adagonjetsa North Crimea Canal, kulola kuti Crimea ipeze madzi a peninsula, yomwe idachotsedwa kuyambira 2014. kutsogolo ndi zigawo za Donbas separatist. Pa 1 Marichi, asitikali aku Russia adayamba kukonzekera kuyambiranso kuukira kwawo ku Melitopol ndi mizinda ina, kuyambira Nkhondo ya Melitopol. Ivan Fedorov, meya wa Melitopol, pambuyo pake ananena kuti anthu a ku Russia analanda mzindawo. Pa Marichi 2, nkhondo ya Kherson idapambana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Asilikali aku Russia ndiye adapita ku Mykolaiv, yomwe ili pakati pa Kherson ndi Odesa. Pa Marichi 4, omenyera ufulu waku Ukraine adabweza kuwukira kwa mzindawu ndikugwiranso Kulbakino Air Base.
+
+Asilikali ena aku Russia adapita kumpoto kuchokera ku Crimea pa 26 February, ndi Gulu Lankhondo la 22 la Russia likuyandikira ku Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant. Pa 3 Marichi, adayamba kuzungulira Enerhodar poyesa kuwongolera malo opangira mphamvu zanyukiliya. Moto unayambika panthawi yomenyana ndi mfuti. Bungwe la International Atomic Energy Agency linanena kuti zida zofunika sizinawonongeke. Pofika pa Marichi 4, Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant idagwidwa ndi asitikali aku Russia, koma pomwe moto udanenedwa, panalibe kutayikira kwa radiation.
+
+Zokambirana zam'mlengalenga ndi zapamadzi 
+Pa 24 February, State Border Guard Service ya Ukraine idalengeza za 18:00 nthawi yakomweko kuti kuwukira kwa Snake Island ndi zombo zankhondo zaku Russia zayamba. Sitima yapamadzi ya Moskva ndi bwato loyang'anira Vasily Bykov adaphulitsa chilumbachi ndi mfuti zawo. Pamene sitima yankhondo ya ku Russia inadzizindikiritsa yokha ndi kulangiza asilikali a ku Ukraine omwe anali pachilumbachi kuti adzipereke, yankho lawo linali "Sitima yankhondo ya ku Russia, pita kukamenyana!" Kuphulika kwa mabomba kutatha, gulu la asilikali a ku Russia linatera ndikugonjetsa Snake Island.
+
+Pa February 25, asilikali a ku Ukraine anaukira bwalo la ndege la Millerovo ndi mizinga ya OTR-21 Tochka, kuwononga ndege za Russian Air Force, ndikuyatsa moto, malinga ndi akuluakulu ena a ku Ukraine. Mu Zhytomyr Airport kuukira 27 February, zinanenedwa kuti Russia ntchito 9K720 Iskander mizinga machitidwe ili mu Belarus, kuukira wamba Zhytomyr Airport.
+
+Pa 4 Marichi, Mtumiki wa Chitetezo ku Ukraine adatsimikizira kuti mbendera ya Ukraine Navy Hetman Sahaidachny idaphwanyidwa ku Mykolaiv kuti aletse kugwidwa ndi asitikali aku Russia. Tsiku lapitalo, chithunzi chidatuluka chowonetsa Hetman Sahaidachny atamira pang'ono padoko.
+
+Thandizo lankhondo lakunja ku Ukraine
+Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Viktor Yanukovych, asilikali a ku Ukraine anali atawonongeka; idafowokanso kutsatira kugwa kwa Yanukovych komanso kutsata kwake atsogoleri owoneka akumadzulo. Pambuyo pake, mayiko angapo a Kumadzulo (Australia, Canada, mayiko a Baltic, France, Germany, Poland, Turkey, UK, ndi US) ndi mabungwe (EU ndi NATO) anayamba kupereka thandizo lankhondo kuti amangenso asilikali ake. Kuyambira 2019, Asitikali Ankhondo aku Ukraine akhala akugula ku Turkey magalimoto omenyera nkhondo osayendetsedwa ndi anthu ngati Bayraktar TB2, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu Okutobala 2021 kulunjika komwe kuli zida zankhondo zaku Russia ku Donbas.
+
+Pamene dziko la Russia linkayamba kupanga zida zake ndi asilikali ake kumalire a Ukraine, mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la NATO anawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zida. Purezidenti wa US a Joe Biden adagwiritsa ntchito Authorities Drawdown Authorities mu Ogasiti ndi Disembala 2021 kuti apereke $260 miliyoni zothandizira. Izi zinaphatikizapo kuperekedwa kwa FGM-148 Javelins ndi zida zina zolimbana ndi zida, zida zazing'ono, zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi zida zina.
+
+Kutsatira kuukiraku, a US adalumbira kuti sadzatumiza asitikali aku Ukraine kuti ateteze dzikolo, ngakhale US ndi mayiko ena adayamba kulonjeza kutumiza zida kwa anthu aku Ukraine. Belgium, Czechia, Estonia, France, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, ndi UK adalengeza kuti atumiza zinthu zothandizira ndi kuteteza asilikali ndi boma la Ukraine. Pa February 24, Poland idapereka zida zankhondo ku Ukraine, kuphatikiza zida 100, zida zosiyanasiyana, ndi zipewa zopitilira 40,000. Ngakhale ena mwa mamembala a 30 a NATO adavomera kutumiza zida, NATO monga bungwe silinatero.
+
+Mu Januware 2022, Germany idaletsa kutumiza zida ku Ukraine ndikuletsa Estonia, kudzera muulamuliro wotumiza zida zopangidwa ku Germany, kutumiza omwe kale anali a East Germany D-30 howwitzers ku Ukraine. Germany idalengeza kuti ikutumiza zipewa za 5,000 ndi chipatala chakumunda ku Ukraine, pomwe meya wa Kyiv Vitali Klitschko adayankha monyoza kuti: "Adzatumiza chiyani pambuyo pake? Mitsamiro?" Pa 26 February, posintha momwe analili m'mbuyomu, Germany idavomereza pempho la Netherlands kuti litumize mabomba 400 othamangitsidwa ndi rocket ku Ukraine, komanso mizinga 500 ya Stinger ndi zida zolimbana ndi akasinja 1,000 kuchokera pazogulitsa zake.
+
+Pa 27 February, EU idavomereza kugula zida ku Ukraine pamodzi. Mkulu wa malamulo akunja ku EU a Josep Borrell adati igula € 450 miliyoni (US $ 502 miliyoni) ngati chithandizo chakupha komanso ma euro 50 miliyoni ($ 56 miliyoni) pazinthu zosapha. Borrell adati nduna za chitetezo ku EU zikufunikabe kudziwa tsatanetsatane wa momwe angagulire zidazo ndikuzitumiza ku Ukraine, koma Poland idavomereza kuti ikhale ngati malo ogawa. Borrell adanenanso kuti akufuna kupereka Ukraine ndege zomenyera nkhondo zomwe azitha kuyendetsa kale. Poland, Bulgaria, ndi Slovakia anali ndi MiG-29s ndi Slovakia analinso ndi ma Su-25, omwe anali ndege zankhondo zomwe Ukraine idawuluka kale ndipo zitha kusamutsidwa popanda maphunziro oyendetsa ndege. Komabe kusamutsidwa kwa ma jets kudakhala kovuta chifukwa cha eni ake kuti azitha kupereka zida zofunika kwambiri zodzitetezera kudera lawo, komanso kuopa kuti Russia ingawone ngati nkhondo ngati ndege ziwuluka kuchokera kumabwalo awo amlengalenga kukamenyana ndi Ukraine.
+
+Pa 26 February, Blinken adalengeza kuti walola $350 miliyoni zothandizira zankhondo zakupha, kuphatikiza "njira zolimbana ndi zida zankhondo ndi ndege, zida zazing'ono ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, zida zankhondo, ndi zida zofananira nazo". Russia idati ma drones aku US adapereka nzeru kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kuti athandizire kuwongolera zombo zake zankhondo ku Black Sea, zomwe US ​​idakana. Pa 27 February, Portugal idalengeza kuti idzatumiza mfuti za Heckler & Koch G3 ndi zida zina zankhondo. Sweden ndi Denmark onse adaganiza zotumiza zida za 5,000 ndi 2,700 zotsutsana ndi akasinja, motero, ku Ukraine. Denmark idaperekanso mbali zoponya 300 zosagwira ntchito za Stinger, zomwe US ​​​​idzathandiza kaye kuti igwire ntchito. Turkey idaperekanso ma drones a TB2.
+
+Boma la Norway, litanena kuti silitumiza zida ku Ukraine koma litumiza zida zina zankhondo monga zipewa ndi zida zodzitetezera, lidalengeza pa 28 February kuti liperekanso zida zothana ndi akasinja zokwana 2,000 M72 LAW ku Ukraine. Pakusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo za dziko losalowerera ndale, dziko la Finland lidalengeza kuti litumiza mfuti zokwana 2,500 pamodzi ndi zipolopolo 150,000, zida zankhondo zankhondo 1,500 zowombera limodzi, ndi zida zomenyera nkhondo 70,000, kuphatikiza ma vests, zipewa, ndi zida zankhondo. mankhwala alengezedwa kale.
+
+Akatswiri ena anena kuti kukana kwa mayiko a NATO kutumiza magulu ankhondo ku Ukraine ndi mfundo yosangalatsa.
+
+Zothandizira anthu
+
+Ntchito zamtendere 
+Pa 28 February, okambirana ku Ukraine ndi ku Russia adayamba kukambirana zokambirana ku Belarus kuti athetse nkhondo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti anthu wamba athawe. Pambuyo pa zokambirana zitatu, mgwirizano wonse sunafikidwe.
+
+Pa Marichi 5, Russia idalengeza kuti kuyimitsa kwachidule kwa maola asanu ndi theka ku Mariupol ndi Volnovakha, kuti atsegule njira zothandizira anthu kuti anthu wamba asamuke. Ukraine idadzudzula asitikali aku Russia chifukwa chophwanya mobwerezabwereza kuletsa mizinda iwiriyi, ngakhale Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Russia udati kuwomberako kudachokera m'mizinda yonseyi motsutsana ndi Russia. Bungwe la International Committee of the Red Cross linanena kuti zoyesayesa zochotsa anthu wamba zalephera. Patsiku lomwelo, nduna yaikulu ya Israeli, Naftali Bennett, adawulukira ku Moscow ndipo adachita misonkhano ya maola atatu ndi Putin, asanapite ku Germany ndikuchita misonkhano ndi Chancellor waku Germany Olaf Scholz. Bennett analankhula pasadakhale ndi Zelenskyy, yemwe adamupemphapo kuti amuthandize kukhala mkhalapakati. Anagwirizananso ndi US ndi France.
+
+Pa 7 Marichi, ngati njira yothetsa kuwukira, a Kremlin adafuna kusalowerera ndale kwa Ukraine, kuzindikira kulandidwa kwa Crimea ndi Russia mu 2014, ngati gawo la Russia, komanso kuzindikira mayiko odzipatula a Donetsk ndi Luhansk ngati mayiko odziyimira pawokha. Tsiku lomwelo, Russia idalengeza kuti kutha kwakanthawi ku Kyiv, Sumy, ndi mizinda ina iwiri, kuyambira 10:30 Moscow Time (UTC + 3). Adalengezedwa kuti asiya nkhondo kuti alole anthu wamba kutuluka m'mizinda inayi yaku Ukraine. Asilikali aku Russia anali atalengeza za kutsegulidwa kwa makonde angapo othandizira anthu ndikutuluka ku Ukraine..
+
+Zolemba 
+Nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine
+2022 ku Russia
+2022 ku Ukraine
+Mu Marichi ndi Epulo 2021, monga gawo la Nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian, Purezidenti waku Russia Vladimir Putin adalamula asitikali aku Russia kuti ayambe kusonkhanitsa anthu masauzande ambiri ndi zida pafupi ndi malire ake ndi Ukraine komanso ku Crimea, zomwe zikuyimira kulimbikitsa kwakukulu kuyambira pomwe Crimea idalandidwa. 2014. Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuda nkhawa kuti zitha kuwukira. Zithunzi za satellite zimasonyeza mayendedwe a zida, mizinga, ndi zida zamphamvu. Asilikali adachotsedwa pang'ono pofika mu June 2021. Vutoli lidayambiranso mu Okutobala 2021, pomwe asitikali aku Russia opitilira 100,000 adasonkhananso kuzungulira Ukraine kumbali zitatu pofika Disembala.
+
+Vuto lomwe likupitilirapo limachokera ku Nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian yomwe idayamba ngati chipwirikiti kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014. Mu Disembala 2021, dziko la Russia lidapititsa patsogolo mapangano awiri omwe anali ndi zopempha zomwe adazitcha "zitsimikizo zachitetezo", kuphatikiza lonjezo lovomerezeka mwalamulo kuti Ukraine. sakanalowa nawo bungwe la North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) komanso kuchepetsedwa kwa asitikali a NATO ndi zida zankhondo zomwe zili ku Eastern Europe, ndikuwopseza kuyankha kosadziwika bwino ngati zofunazo sizikukwaniritsidwa mokwanira. NATO yakana zopempha izi, ndipo dziko la United States linachenjeza Russia za chilango cha "zachuma chofulumira komanso choopsa" ngati ingawononge Ukraine. Vutoli lakhala likukhudzana ndi nkhondo yomwe ikuchitika ku Donbas ndipo ena olemba ndemanga akufotokozedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri ku Ulaya kuyambira nthawi ya Cold War.
+
+Pa February 21, 2022, dziko la Russia linavomereza mwalamulo zigawo ziwiri zomwe zagawanika kum'mawa kwa Ukraine, Donetsk People's Republic ndi Luhansk People's Republic, monga mayiko odziimira okha, ndipo adatumiza asilikali ku Donbas, zomwe zimatanthauzidwa kuti Russia ikuchoka ku Minsk Protocol. Malipabuliki opatukawo anazindikiridwa m’malire a zigawo zawo za ku Ukraine, zomwe zimapitirira kutali ndi njira yolumikizirana. Pa 22 February, a Putin adanena kuti mapangano a Minsk sanalinso ovomerezeka. Patsiku lomwelo, Bungwe la Federation linavomereza mogwirizana kugwiritsa ntchito magulu ankhondo m'madera.
+
+M'mawa wa 24 February, a Putin adalengeza kuti Russia ikuyambitsa "ntchito yapadera yankhondo" ku Donbas, ndipo idayambitsa nkhondo yonse ku Ukraine.
+
+Zolemba 
+2022 ku Ukraine
+2022 ku Russia
+Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy (wobadwa 25 January 1978) ndi wandale wa ku Ukraine, yemwe kale anali wochita sewero komanso wanthabwala yemwe wakhala akutumikira monga pulezidenti wa Ukraine kuyambira 2019. Zelenskyy anakulira ku Kryvyi Rih, dera lolankhula Chirasha kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Ukraine. Asanachite masewerawa, Zelenskyy adapeza digiri ya zamalamulo ku Kyiv National Economic University. Kenako adatsata nthabwala ndikupanga kampani yopanga Kvartal 95, yomwe imapanga mafilimu, zojambulajambula, ndi makanema apa TV, kuphatikiza Servant of the People, pomwe Zelenskyy adakhala ngati Purezidenti wa Ukraine. Nkhanizi zidawululidwa kuyambira 2015 mpaka 2019 ndipo zidadziwika kwambiri. Chipani chandale chokhala ndi dzina lofanana ndi kanema wawayilesi chidapangidwa mu Marichi 2018 ndi ogwira ntchito ku Kvartal 95.
+
+Zelenskyy adalengeza kuti adzayimira zisankho zapurezidenti waku Ukraine wa 2019 madzulo a Disembala 31, 2018, limodzi ndi adilesi ya Usiku Watsopano wa Purezidenti Petro Poroshenko pa 1+1 TV Channel. Pokhala mlendo wandale, adakhala kale m'modzi mwa omwe adatsogolera pazisankho zachisankho. Anapambana zisankho ndi 73.2% ya mavoti muchigawo chachiwiri, kugonjetsa Poroshenko. Podzizindikiritsa monga populist, adadziyika yekha ngati munthu wotsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa, wotsutsa ziphuphu.
+
+Monga purezidenti, Zelenskyy wakhala akuthandizira boma la e-boma ndi mgwirizano pakati pa anthu olankhula Chiyukireniya ndi Chirasha a anthu a dzikoli. Njira yake yolankhulirana imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, makamaka Instagram. Chipani chake chidapambana kwambiri pachisankho chamwamsanga chomwe chinachitika atangokhazikitsidwa kukhala purezidenti. Muulamuliro wake, Zelenskyy adayang'anira kuchotsedwa kwa chitetezo chalamulo kwa mamembala a Verkhovna Rada, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Ukraine, momwe dzikolo likuyankhira pa mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kugwa kwachuma komwe kunachitika, komanso kupita patsogolo pothana ndi ziphuphu. Otsutsa Zelenskyy amanena kuti pochotsa mphamvu kuchokera kwa oligarchs aku Ukraine, adayesetsa kuika ulamuliro pakati ndikulimbitsa udindo wake.
+
+Zelenskyy adalonjeza kuti athetsa kusamvana kwanthawi yayitali ku Ukraine ndi Russia ngati gawo la kampeni yake yapurezidenti, ndikuyesa kukambirana ndi Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin. Munthawi ya 2021-2022, olamulira a Zelenskyy adakumana ndi mikangano yambiri ndi Russia, zomwe zidafika pachimake pakuwukira kopitilira muyeso kwa Russia mu February 2022. Njira ya Zelenskyy panthawi yomanga gulu lankhondo la Russia inali yokhazika mtima pansi anthu aku Ukraine ndikutsimikizira mayiko kuti. Ukraine sanali kufuna kubwezera. Poyamba adadzipatula ku machenjezo okhudza nkhondo yomwe yatsala pang'ono kuchitika, kwinaku akuyitanitsa zitsimikizo zachitetezo ndi thandizo lankhondo kuchokera ku NATO "kupirira" chiwopsezo. Pambuyo poyambitsa nkhondoyi, Zelenskyy adalengeza lamulo lankhondo ku Ukraine.
+
+Zolemba 
+1978 kubadwa
+Indian Premier League (IPL) ndi ligi ya cricket ya amuna, yomwe imasewera ndi matimu khumi ochokera kumizinda khumi yaku India. Leagueyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) mu 2007.
+
+IPL ndiye ligi ya kiriketi yomwe anthu ambiri apezeka nayo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo mu 2014 idakhala pa nambala 6 pa anthu opezekapo pakati pamasewera onse amasewera. Mu 2010, IPL idakhala masewera oyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuwulutsidwa pa YouTube. Mtengo wa IPL mu 2019 unali US$ 6.3 biliyoni.
+
+Pakhala nyengo khumi ndi zinayi za mpikisano wa IPL. Omwe ali ndi mutu wa IPL pano ndi Chennai Super Kings, omwe apambana nyengo ya 2021.
+
+Zolemba
+Mu February ndi March 2014, dziko la Russia linalanda dziko la Crimea ndipo kenako linalanda dziko la Ukraine. Chochitikachi chinachitika pambuyo pa Revolution of Dignity ndipo ndi mbali ya nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine. Pa 22-23 February 2014, pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin anaitanitsa msonkhano wa usiku wonse ndi akuluakulu a chitetezo kuti akambirane za kuchotsedwa kwa pulezidenti wochotsedwa ku Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych. Kumapeto kwa msonkhanowo, a Putin adanenanso kuti "tiyenera kuyamba kuyesetsa kubwezeretsa Crimea ku Russia". Pa 23 February, ziwonetsero zochirikiza Russia zidachitika mumzinda wa Crimea wa Sevastopol. Pa 27 February, asilikali obisala a ku Russia opanda zizindikiro adagonjetsa Supreme Council (nyumba ya malamulo) ya Crimea ndipo adalanda malo otetezeka ku Crimea, zomwe zinachititsa kuti boma la pro-Russian Sergey Aksyonov likhazikitsidwe ku Crimea, kuchititsa referendum ya Crimea ndi chilengezo cha ufulu wa Crimea pa 16 March 2014. Dziko la Russia linaphatikiza Crimea ngati mayiko awiri a dziko la Russia, Republic of Crimea ndi mzinda wa Sevastopol wa Sevastopol pa 18 March 2014. kulimbitsa chikhalidwe chatsopano pansi.
+
+Ukraine ndi mayiko ena ambiri adatsutsa kuphatikizikako ndikukuwona kuti ndikuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi komanso mapangano osainidwa ndi Russia oteteza kukhulupirika kwa dziko la Ukraine, kuphatikiza mapangano a 1991 Belavezha omwe adakhazikitsa Commonwealth of Independent States, 1975 Helsinki Accords, 1994. Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances ndi Pangano la 1997 paubwenzi, mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano pakati pa Russian Federation ndi Ukraine. Izi zidapangitsa kuti mamembala ena a G8 panthawiyo ayimitse dziko la Russia m'gululi ndikuyambitsa gawo loyamba la zilango motsutsana ndi dzikolo. United Nations General Assembly idakananso referendum ndi kuphatikizika, kutengera chigamulo chotsimikizira "kukhulupirika kwa dziko la Ukraine m'malire ake odziwika padziko lonse lapansi". Chigamulo cha UN "chikutsimikiziranso kuti referendum ilibe umboni, singakhale maziko a kusintha kulikonse kwa chikhalidwe cha [Crimea]" ndipo inapempha mayiko onse ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse kuti asazindikire kapena kutanthauza kuvomereza kulandidwa kwa Russia. Mu 2016, bungwe la United Nations General Assembly linatsimikiziranso kusavomereza kuphatikizikako ndikudzudzula "kukhala kwa kanthawi kochepa kwa gawo la Ukraine - Autonomous Republic of Crimea ndi mzinda wa Sevastopol".
+
+Boma la Russia limatsutsa chizindikiro cha "annexation", pomwe Putin akuteteza referendum ngati ikutsatira mfundo yodziyimira pawokha.
+
+Mayina 
+Mayina a mkangano wa Crimea akhoza kusiyana ndi digiri nthawi zonse. Ku Russia, imadziwika ngati kulowa kwa Crimea ku Russian Federation (Russian: Присоединение Крыма к Российской Федерации, romanized: Prisoyedineniye Kryma k Rossiyskoy Federatsii), kubwereranso kwa Crimea (Russian: Зарыйской земанское, землянское, землянское) , ndi kugwirizananso kwa Crimea.
+
+Ku Ukraine, mayinawa amadziwika kuti Temporary occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea ndi Sevastopol ndi Russia (Chiyukireniya: Тимчасова окупація Автономної Республіки Крим і Севастополя Роmansosіvayu Autonomous Republic of Autonomous Republic of the Romansopulya, Republiki ya Chiyukireniya Crimea, kugwa kwa Crimea, ndi kuwukiridwa kwa Crimea.
+
+Mbiri 
+Crimea inakhala mbali ya Ufumu wa Russia mu 1783, pamene Crimea Khanate inalandidwa, kenako inakhala mbali ya Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic mpaka 1954. M'magawo oyambirira a Russian Civil War panali mndandanda wa maboma odziimira okha osakhalitsa ( Crimea People's Republic, Crimea Regional Government, Crimea SSR) koma adatsatiridwa ndi maboma a White Russian (General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia and later South Russian Government). Mu October 1921, Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the Russian SFSR inakhazikitsidwa. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwa nzika zonse zaku Crimea, Crimea ASSR idalandidwa ufulu wake wodzilamulira mu 1946 ndipo idatsitsidwa kukhala chigawo cha Russian SFSR.
+
+Mu 1954, Crimea Oblast inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku Russian SFSR kupita ku Ukraine SSR ndi lamulo la Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union kuti likumbukire zaka 300 za mgwirizano wa Ukraine ndi Russia. Chochitikacho chinanenedwa ndi Nikita Khrushchev, yemwe anali Mlembi Woyamba wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu.
+
+Mu 1989, pansi pa ulamuliro wa Gorbachev wa perestroika, Supreme Soviet inalengeza kuti kuthamangitsidwa kwa Atatars aku Crimea muulamuliro wa Stalin kunali koletsedwa, ndipo mtundu wochuluka wa Asilamu unaloledwa kubwerera ku Crimea.
+
+Mu 1990, Soviet of the Crimea Oblast anaganiza zobwezeretsa Crimea ASSR. Derali lidachita referendum mu 1991, yomwe idafunsa ngati Crimea iyenera kukwezedwa kuti isaina New Union Treaty (ndiko kuti, idakhala republic ya Union palokha). Komabe, panthawiyo, kutha kwa Soviet Union kunali kutatsala pang’ono kutha. Crimea ASSR idabwezeretsedwa kwa nthawi yosakwana chaka chimodzi ngati gawo la Soviet Ukraine ufulu wa Ukraine usanachitike. Ukraine yomwe idangodziyimira yokha idasungabe udindo wodzilamulira wa Crimea, pomwe Supreme Council of Crimea idatsimikizira "ulamuliro" wa peninsula ngati gawo la Ukraine. Akuluakulu aku Ukraine adachepetsa ufulu wa Crimea mu 1995.
+
+Mu Seputembala 2008, Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Ukraine Volodymyr Ohryzko adadzudzula dziko la Russia popereka ziphaso zaku Russia kwa anthu okhala ku Crimea ndipo adafotokoza kuti ndi "vuto lenileni" lomwe lidaperekedwa ku Russia kuti achitepo kanthu kuti achitepo kanthu kuti ateteze nzika zaku Russia.
+
+Pa Ogasiti 24, 2009, ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi Chiyukireniya zidachitika ku Crimea ndi nzika zaku Russia. Sergei Tsekov (wa Russian Bloc ndiyeno wachiwiri kwa sipikala wa nyumba yamalamulo ku Crimea) adanena kuti akuyembekeza kuti dziko la Russia lidzachitiranso Crimea monga momwe linachitira ku South Ossetia ndi Abkhazia. Crimea ili ndi anthu amitundu yambiri aku Russia komanso ochepa mwa mafuko a ku Ukraine ndi Crimea Tatars, motero amakhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Ukraine omwe amakhala ku Russia.
+
+Pofika m'chaka cha 2010, akatswiri ena ankaganiza kale kuti boma la Russia linali ndi mapulani osadziwika bwino. Taras Kuzio adanena kuti "Russia ili ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yozindikira ulamuliro wa Ukraine pa Crimea ndi doko la Sevastopol - monga momwe anthu aku Russia amaonera, zomwe andale anena, kuphatikizapo mamembala a chipani cholamulira cha United Russia, akatswiri ndi atolankhani." Mu 2011, William Varettoni analemba kuti "Russia ikufuna kulanda Crimea ndipo ikungoyembekezera mwayi woyenera, makamaka ponamizira kuteteza abale aku Russia kunja."
+
+Zolemba
+
+2014 ku Russia
+2014 ku Ukraine
+Nkhondo ya Russo-Ukrainian ndi nkhondo yopitilira pakati pa Russia (pamodzi ndi magulu ankhondo odzipatula ogwirizana ndi Russia) ndi Ukraine. Idayamba mu February 2014 kutsatira Revolution ya Chiyukireniya ya Ulemu, ndipo poyambilira idayang'ana kwambiri za Crimea ndi madera ena a Donbas, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi gawo la Ukraine. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zoyambirira za mkanganowu zidaphatikizapo kutengedwa kwa Russia ku Crimea (2014) ndi nkhondo ku Donbas (2014-pano) pakati pa Ukraine ndi olekanitsa othandizidwa ndi Russia, komanso zochitika zapamadzi, cyberwarfare, ndi mikangano yandale. Kutsatira kukwera kwa asitikali aku Russia kumalire a Russia-Ukraine kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2021, mkanganowo udakula kwambiri pomwe dziko la Russia lidayambitsa kuwukira kwathunthu ku Ukraine pa 24 February 2022.
+
+Pambuyo pa zionetsero za Euromaidan ndi kusintha komwe kunachititsa kuti Purezidenti wa Russia Viktor Yanukovych achotsedwe mu February 2014, zipolowe zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Russia zinayambika m'madera ena a Ukraine. Asilikali aku Russia opanda chizindikiro adalamulira malo abwino ndi zomangamanga kudera la Ukraine la Crimea, ndipo adalanda Nyumba Yamalamulo yaku Crimea. Russia idakonza referendum yodzudzulidwa kwambiri, yomwe zotsatira zake zidali kuti Crimea igwirizane ndi Russia. Kenako analanda Crimea. Mu Epulo 2014, ziwonetsero za magulu ochirikiza Russia m'chigawo cha Donbas ku Ukraine zidakula mpaka nkhondo yapakati pa asitikali aku Ukraine ndi olekanitsa omwe amathandizidwa ndi Russia akumayiko omwe amadzitcha okha a Donetsk ndi Luhansk.
+
+Mu Ogasiti 2014, magalimoto ankhondo a ku Russia osazindikirika adawoloka malire ndi kulowa m'dziko la Donetsk. Nkhondo yosadziwika inayambika pakati pa asilikali a ku Ukraine kumbali imodzi, ndipo odzipatula anaphatikizana ndi asilikali a Russia kumbali inayo, ngakhale kuti Russia inayesa kubisala kukhudzidwa kwake. Nkhondoyo inakhala mkangano wosasunthika, ndipo kuyesa mobwerezabwereza kulephera kuthetsa nkhondo. Mu 2015, mapangano a Minsk II adasainidwa ndi Russia ndi Ukraine, koma mikangano yambiri idalepheretsa kuti ikwaniritsidwe. Pofika chaka cha 2019, 7% ya dziko la Ukraine idasankhidwa ndi boma la Ukraine kuti ndi madera omwe adalandidwa kwakanthawi, pomwe boma la Russia lidavomereza mosapita m'mbali kukhalapo kwa asitikali ake ku Ukraine.
+
+Mu 2021 komanso koyambirira kwa 2022, panali gulu lalikulu lankhondo laku Russia kuzungulira malire a Ukraine. NATO idadzudzula Russia kuti ikukonzekera kuwukira, zomwe idakana. Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin adadzudzula kukulitsa kwa NATO ngati chiwopsezo ku dziko lake ndipo adalamula kuti dziko la Ukraine liletsedwe kulowa nawo mgwirizano wankhondo. Anafotokozanso maganizo osagwirizana ndi anthu a ku Russia, kukayikira ufulu wa Ukraine kukhalapo, ndipo adanena kuti Ukraine inalengedwa molakwika ndi Soviet Russia. Pa February 21, 2022, dziko la Russia linavomereza mwalamulo mayiko awiri odzipatula ku Donbas, ndipo adatumiza asilikali kumaderawa. Patapita masiku atatu, dziko la Russia linalanda dziko la Ukraine. Ambiri mwa mayiko adzudzula dziko la Russia chifukwa cha zomwe adachita pambuyo pa kusintha kwa dziko la Ukraine, akumaimba mlandu wophwanya malamulo apadziko lonse komanso kuphwanya ulamuliro wa Ukraine. Maiko ambiri adakhazikitsa zilango zachuma motsutsana ndi Russia, anthu aku Russia, kapena makampani, makamaka pambuyo pakuwukira kwa 2022.
+
+Mbiri 
+Kusamutsidwa kwa Crimea mu 1954, kunyumba kwa Black Sea Fleet, kuchokera ku Russian SFSR kupita ku SSR ya Ukraine kunabwera motsogoleredwa ndi Prime Minister wa Soviet Nikita Khrushchev. Kunkawonedwa ngati “chizindikiro” chosafunika kwenikweni, popeza kuti malipabuliki onsewo anali mbali ya Soviet Union ndipo anali kuyankha ku boma la Moscow. Kudzilamulira kwa Crimea kunakhazikitsidwanso pambuyo pa referendum mu 1991.
+
+Ngakhale dziko lodziyimira pawokha kuyambira 1991, monga dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Socialist Republic, Russia imawona Ukraine kukhala gawo lamphamvu zake. Iulian Chifu ndi olemba anzake akunena kuti, ponena za Ukraine, Russia ikutsatira ndondomeko yamakono ya Brezhnev Doctrine pa "ulamuliro wochepa", womwe umasonyeza kuti ulamuliro wa Ukraine sungakhale waukulu kuposa wa Pangano la Warsaw asanawonongeke. za gawo la Soviet la chikoka ndi Revolutions mu 1989. Izi zachokera pa mawu a atsogoleri aku Russia akuti zotheka kuphatikiza Ukraine mu NATO kungawononge chitetezo cha dziko la Russia.
+
+Pambuyo pa kutha kwa Soviet Union mu 1991, Ukraine ndi Russia anakhalabe paubale wapamtima kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe panali mfundo zingapo zokakamira, makamaka zida zanyukiliya zaku Ukraine, zomwe Ukraine idavomera kuyisiya mu Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances (December 1994) pokhapokha ngati Russia ndi ena omwe adasaina apereke chitsimikiziro potsutsa ziwopsezo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu motsutsana ndi boma. chigawo umphumphu kapena ufulu ndale Ukraine. Mu 1999, dziko la Russia linasaina Charter for European Security, pomwe "inatsimikiziranso ufulu wadziko lililonse lomwe likuchita nawo ufulu wosankha kapena kusintha makonzedwe ake achitetezo, kuphatikiza mapangano a mgwirizano, pomwe akusintha".
+
+Mfundo ina inali kugawanika kwa Black Sea Fleet. Ukraine idavomereza kubwereketsa malo angapo apanyanja kuphatikiza omwe ali ku Sevastopol, kuti zombo zankhondo zaku Russia za Black Sea zipitilize kukhala komweko pamodzi ndi asitikali apanyanja aku Ukraine. Kuyambira mu 1993, kupyolera mu 1990s ndi 2000s, Ukraine ndi Russia anachita mikangano yambiri gasi. Mu 2001, Ukraine, pamodzi ndi Georgia, Azerbaijan, ndi Moldova, adapanga gulu lotchedwa GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, lomwe dziko la Russia linawona ngati vuto lachindunji ku Commonwealth of Independent States, gulu lazamalonda lolamulidwa ndi Russia lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo pa kugwa. wa Soviet Union.
+
+Russia idakwiyitsidwanso ndi Orange Revolution ya 2004, pomwe Viktor Yushchenko wa ku Europe adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti m'malo mwa pro-Russian Viktor Yanukovych. Kuphatikiza apo, Ukraine idapitilizabe kukulitsa mgwirizano wake ndi NATO, kutumiza gulu lachitatu lalikulu kwambiri la asitikali ku Iraq ku 2004, ndikupatulira oteteza mtendere ku mishoni za NATO monga gulu la ISAF ku Afghanistan ndi KFOR ku Kosovo.
+
+Yanukovych adasankhidwa mu 2010 ndipo Russia idawona kuti maubwenzi ambiri ndi Ukraine atha kukonzedwa. Izi zisanachitike, Ukraine inali isanakonzenso kubwereketsa kwa zida zankhondo ku Crimea, kutanthauza kuti asitikali aku Russia akuyenera kuchoka ku Crimea pofika chaka cha 2017. Yanukovych adasaina pangano latsopano ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa asitikali ololedwa, komanso kulola asitikali kuti aziphunzitsa ku Crimea. Kerch peninsula. Ambiri ku Ukraine adawona kukulitsaku ngati kosagwirizana ndi malamulo, chifukwa malamulo a dziko la Ukraine amati palibe asitikali akunja omwe adzakhale ku Ukraine pambuyo poti mgwirizano wa Sevastopol utatha. Yulia Tymoshenko, wotsutsa wamkulu wa Yanukovych, adatsekeredwa m'ndende pazifukwa zomwe zimatchedwa kuzunzidwa kwa ndale ndi owonera mayiko, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti apitirize kusakhutira ndi boma. Mu November 2013, Viktor Yanukovych anakana kusaina pangano la mgwirizano ndi European Union, pangano lomwe lakhala likuchitika kwa zaka zingapo komanso lomwe a Yanukovych wochirikiza Russia, yemwe ankakonda kugwirizana kwambiri ndi Russia, adavomereza kale.
+
+Mu Seputembala 2013, dziko la Russia linachenjeza kuti ngati dziko la Ukraine litalowa m’pangano lokonzekera malonda aulere ndi European Union, likhoza kukumana ndi mavuto azachuma komanso mwina kugwa kwa dzikolo. Sergey Glazyev, mlangizi wa pulezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin, adanena kuti "Akuluakulu a Chiyukireniya akulakwitsa kwambiri ngati akuganiza kuti zochita za Russia zidzakhala zandale m'zaka zingapo kuchokera pano. Izi sizidzachitika." Dziko la Russia linali litaika kale zoletsa kuitanitsa zinthu zina za ku Ukraine ndipo Glazyev sanawononge zilango zina ngati mgwirizanowo unasaina.
+
+Glazyev analola mwayi wopatukana mayendedwe akuphukira mu Russian olankhula kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera kwa Ukraine. Adanenetsa kuti ngati Ukraine idasaina panganoli, iphwanya mgwirizano wamayiko awiriwa pazaubwenzi komanso ubale ndi Russia womwe umasokoneza malire a mayiko awiriwa. Dziko la Russia silikanatsimikiziranso kuti dziko la Ukraine lidzakhala dziko ndipo likhoza kulowererapo ngati madera ogwirizana ndi Russia achita apilo ku Russia.
+
+Zolemba
+
+Zolemba Zing'onozing'ono 
+
+Nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine
+2010s mikangano
+2010s mu Russia
+2010s mu Ukraine
+2020s mikangano
+2020s mu Russia
+2020s mu Ukraine
+Iyi ndi nthawi yankhondo ku Donbas ya chaka cha 2022.
+
+Januwale
+
+ 1 Januwale: Lamulo "Pamaziko a kukana dziko" linayamba kugwira ntchito ku Ukraine. Inakhazikitsa njira zingapo zokhudzana ndi kusonkhanitsa anthu wamba ndi kutsutsa pankhani ya chiwawa chakunja. Udindo wotsogola wa gululi udzachitidwa ndi mkulu wa Special Operations Forces. Msirikali waku Ukraine, yemwe adavulala pa Disembala 27, 2021, adamwalira ndi mabala pachipatala chankhondo ku Kharkiv.
+
+ 8 Januwale: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo asanu ndi limodzi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, imodzi mwazo ndege zosaloledwa za drone pamalo aku Ukraine. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kum'mawa kwa ntchito, Pisky adakhala chandamale chamfuti za anti-tank recoilless 73 mm ndi matope a 82 mm. Novomykhailivka adawomberedwa ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 82 mm. Asilikali aku Ukraine ku Bohdanivka adazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Stanytsia Luhanska adagundidwa ndi mabomba a VOG-17 omwe adathamangitsidwa kuchokera ku pro-Russian drone. Moto wa zida zazing'ono unanenedwa ku Krymske.
+ 10 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces adalemba ziwonetsero ziwiri zaku Russia pamalo awo, onse awiri kudera la Pisky, chakum'mawa. Ankhondo awiri aku Ukraine amwalira pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa mabomba okwirira ali pamishoni mkati mwa malo otetezedwa. Pisky adalandira moto kuchokera ku zida zazing'ono, mfuti zazikulu zokulirapo komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless.
+ 11 Januware: Msirikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine adaphedwa pomwe akulimbana ndi asitikali aku Russia. Kuukira kumodzi kwa asitikali aku Russia kwa asitikali aku Ukraine kudanenedwa ndi atolankhani a Gulu Lophatikizana la Chiyukireniya, pomwe ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Novotoshkivke, kumpoto kwa ntchito, adagwidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zazikulu.
+ 12 Januware: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo atatu ovomerezeka ndi Russia; msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchitoyo, Prichepilivka adakhala chandamale cha oponya ma roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi mfuti za 73 mm zolimbana ndi akasinja kaŵiri. Kumpoto chakumpoto, ma volleys amatope 120 mm anatera ku Novozvanivka. Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku mzinda wa Donetsk adanenanso zophwanya zisanu ndi ziwiri za Chiyukireniya za kutha kwa nkhondo, pamene asilikali awo ku Vesele, Horlivka, Novolaspa ndi Pikuzy adawotchedwa ndi zida zazing'ono ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba. M'gawo la dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic, midzi ya Molodezhne, Kalinivka, Kalynove ndi Holubivske inkayang'aniridwa ndi zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera, makina osiyanasiyana owombera mabomba ndi matope a 82 mm.
+ 13 Januware: Magwero a Pro-Russian ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuukira katatu kwa Chiyukireniya pamalo awo tsiku lonse. Midzi ya Donetskii ndi Molodezhne inalandira zida zazing'ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zowombera mabomba ndi ma volleys 120 mm. Magalimoto okhala ndi zida za ku Ukraine a BMP-2 ochokera ku Krymske, mothandizidwa ndi matope a 120 mm, adachitapo kanthu ndi zotsutsa zaku Russia ku Zholobok. Kufupi ndi Krasnyi Yar kudakhala chandamale cha zida zazing'ono komanso zowombera ma grenade.
+
+ 14 Januware: Akuluakulu a ku Donetsk People's Republic omwe amadzitcha okha adanenanso za kuphwanya kwa 20 ku Ukraine kwa kuthetsa nkhondo mkati mwa sabata yatha. Malinga ndi mneneri wa DNR, Eduard Basurin, gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine limagwiritsa ntchito zida zing’onozing’ono, mfuti zolemera kwambiri, zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsira mabomba komanso matope okwana 82 mm. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti asitikali aku Ukraine ochokera ku Novotoshkivke adawombera matope okwana 82 mm kumadera ogwirizana ndi Russia ku Donetskii; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asitikali ogwirizana ndi Russia adabweza moto, ndikuti adapha msilikali m'modzi wa ku Ukraine ndikuvulaza ena awiri. Magwero omwewo ananena kuti gulu lankhondo la ku Ukraine linaphwanya lamulo loleka kumenyanako maulendo 18 m’sabata yapitayi; Zolote-5, Donetskii, Kalinove, Molodezhne, Lozove, Kalinivka, Zholobok, Sokolniki ndi Krasny Yar adagonjetsedwa. [gwero losadalirika] Akuluakulu ochokera ku Luhansk People's Republic omwe adadzitcha okha adati Chiyukireniya sichinalowereredwe ndikugwetsedwa ndi Lohvynove ndi zida zamagetsi, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangidwa ndi "Triton-M1".
+ 22 Januware: Bungwe la atolankhani la Chiyukireniya la Joint Forces linanena zophwanya malamulo anayi aku Russia oletsa kuyimitsa moto, onse ali kum'mawa kwa ntchito. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Mudzi wa Maisk udaphulitsidwa kawiri ndi zida zowombera ma grenade. Vodiane adakhala chandamale cha oyambitsa roketi olimbana ndi akasinja ndi matope a 82 mm; Pambuyo pake masana, ndege ya pro-Russian idayambitsa kuwombera malo aku Ukraine powombera roketi ya VOG-17. Akuluakulu a boma la Luhansk People's Republic adadzudzula kuti msilikali wochirikiza dziko la Russia "anagwidwa" ndi asilikali a ku Ukraine pamene akuyang'ana zochitika zokayikitsa m'dera lamatabwa pafupi ndi Svitlodarsk.
+ 23 Januware: Malinga ndi atolankhani aku Ukraine Joint Forces, asitikali a pro-Russian adayambitsa ziwopsezo khumi pamalo awo pamzere wodulira. Msilikali wina wa ku Ukraine anavulazidwa. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, malo achitetezo a Vodiane adakhudzidwa ndi moto wophatikizana wa matope a 82 mm ndi 120 mm, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi. Ku Prichepilivka, malo aku Ukraine adagwedezeka ndi mfuti zolemera zamakina ndi ma roketi odana ndi akasinja. Kumpoto chakumpoto, Novozvanivka adagundidwa ndi zida za 122 mm, pomwe anthu aku Ukraine omwe adakayikiranso ku Popasna adakhala chandamale cha mfuti zokulirapo, zophulitsa ma grenade ndi matope a 120 mm. Asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Katerinivka adazunzidwa ndi moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabomba ndi maroketi.
+ 25 Januwale: Malo osindikizira a Gulu Lankhondo la Chiyukireniya adalemba zophwanya malamulo asanu ogwirizana ndi Russia; Asilikali awiri a ku Ukraine anavulazidwa, mmodzi wa iwo anavulala kwambiri. Asilikali aku Ukraine adabweza moto. Zochitika zonse zidachitika kudera lakum'mawa kwa ntchito. Ma redoubts aku Ukraine ku Pyshchevik adakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa drone ndi roketi za VOG-17. Avdiivka adalandira moto kuchokera kumfuti zolemera kwambiri komanso mfuti za 73 mm anti-tank recoilless. Marinka anamenyedwa ndi zida zazing'ono zowombera ndi zida zankhondo, pamene asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Shyrokyne anazunzidwa ndi zida zazing'ono komanso mfuti zolemera kwambiri. Akuluakulu a dziko lodzitcha la Donetsk People's Republic adalemba zigawenga zisanu ndi ziwiri zaku Ukraine pa maudindo awo. Asilikali aku Ukraine adawombera zida zosiyanasiyana zophulitsa mabomba ku Hornyak, Spartak, Trudivske, Novoshirokivske ndi Starohnativka. 
+ 27 Januware: Atolankhani aku Ukraine a Joint Forces anena zophwanya ziwiri zotsutsana ndi Russia pakuyimitsa moto. Kudera lakum'maŵa kwa ntchito, asilikali a ku Ukraine ku Marinka anazunzidwa ndi mfuti zazing'ono. Kumpoto chakumpoto, asitikali aku Ukraine amalimbana ndi kuyesa kwa a Russia kuti alowe gulu lankhondo lapadera kudzera pamzere wodulira malire. Magwero ochokera ku gulu lodzitcha la Luhansk People's Republic adauza atolankhani kuti mudzi wa Veselohorivka udalandira mfuti ya 73 mm antitank recoilless mfuti komanso kuwombera kwakukulu kuchokera ku malo aku Ukraine ku Troitske; msilikali mmodzi wochirikiza Russia anaphedwa. Asilikali a pro-Russian adawombera.
+
+Febuluwale
+Madagascar ndi filimu yanthabwala yaku America ya 2005 yopangidwa ndi DreamWorks Animation ndi kufalitsidwa ndi DreamWorks Pictures. Yolembedwa ndi Eric Darnell ndi Tom McGrath ndipo inalembedwa ndi Mark Burton, Billy Frolick, Darnell, ndi McGrath. Osewera mufilimuyi Ben Stiller, Chris Rock, David Schwimmer, ndi Jada Pinkett Smith akulankhula gulu la nyama zochokera ku Central Park Zoo zomwe zasowa pokhala pachilumba cha Madagascar.
+Ndege ya China Eastern Airlines Flight 5735 inali ndege yokwera pakhomo yoyendetsedwa ndi China Eastern Airlines yomwe ikuyenda kuchokera ku Kunming kupita ku Guangzhou, China. Pa Marichi 21, 2022, ndege ya Boeing 737-89P yomwe ikugwira ntchitoyo idatsika kwambiri mkati mwa ndegeyo ndipo idagunda mwachangu ku Teng County, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu 132 onse omwe adakwera ndi ogwira nawo afa.
+
+Ndege 
+Ndegeyo idanyamuka ku Kunming Changshui International Airport kupita ku Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport nthawi ya 13:15 nthawi yakomweko (05:15 UTC). Inayenera kutera 15:05 (07:05 UTC). Malinga ndi VariFlight, ndegeyo idayenera kunyamuka ku Airport ya Baoshan Yunrui koyambirira masana, nthawi ya 08:35, ndikukafika ku Kunming Changshui International Airport nthawi ya 09:35, koma mwendowu udaimitsidwa patsiku la ngozi. Ndegeyo inali ikugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku Baoshan kupita ku Kunming, koma gawolo lidayimitsidwa kwakanthawi chifukwa chakuchepa kwa okwera chifukwa cha COVID-19.
+
+Maola anayi ngoziyi isanachitike, ogwira ntchito zanyengo ku Wuzhou anali atapereka chenjezo la mphepo yamkuntho yoopsa.
+
+Malinga ndi bungwe la Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC), kulumikizana ndi ndegeyo kudatayika mumzinda wa Wuzhou. Nthawi imati 14:22 (06:22 UTC), ikuyandikira pamwamba potsikira ku Guangzhou, ndegeyo idatsika mwadzidzidzi, kuchokera pa 29,100 feet (8,900 m) kufika pa 3,225 feet (983 m) pasanathe mphindi ziwiri, ikufika pa Kutsika kwakukulu kumatsika pafupifupi 31,000 mapazi (9,400 m) pamphindi, malinga ndi data ya ndege yojambulidwa ndi Flightradar24. Ndegeyo idagwa m'madera amapiri a Teng County, pomwe malo a zinyalala adapezeka pambuyo pake.
+
+Ngoziyi idajambulidwa ndi kamera yachitetezo ya kampani ina yamigodi m'deralo. Anthu okhala m’midzi yozungulira malo a ngoziyo akuti amva kuphulika kwakukulu. Malo angoziwo adajambulidwanso, kuwonetsa zowonongeka ndi moto. Zidutswa zing'onozing'ono za zowonongeka zinali zitamwazika mozungulira madera ozungulira. Onse okwera 132 ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adamwalira.
+
+Yankho 
+Oyang'anira ozimitsa moto m'chigawo cha Wuzhou adati ozimitsa moto 450 adatumizidwa pamalo omwe ngoziyi idachitika. Atalandira foni yachisoni, ozimitsa moto adatumizidwa ndi dipatimenti yamoto ya Wuzhou ndi Rescue pa 15:05 CST. Nthawi imati 15:56, ozimitsa moto ochokera kufupi ndi Tangbu adafika ndikufufuza. Nthawi ya 16:40, ozimitsa moto ochokera kunja kwa Wuzhou adatumizidwanso, kuphatikizapo ochokera ku Guilin, Beihai, Hezhou, Laibin ndi Hechi.
+
+Anthu ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa anthu akuti amavutika kufika pamalowa chifukwa ngoziyi idayaka moto. Pofika madzulo, opulumutsa 117 anali atafika pamalopo, ndipo okwana 650 anatumizidwa ndikupita kumalo atatu. Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka kunayambitsa moto wa nkhalango womwe unawononga nsungwi pafupi. Motowo unali woopsa kwambiri moti anthu ankatha kuonekera m’mlengalenga. Pa 17:25, idazimitsidwa. Zowonongeka zandege ndi katundu wa omwe adakwera apezeka, koma panalibe zizindikiro za matupi aumunthu kapena mabwinja.
+
+Apaulendo
+
+Panali okwera 123 ndi ogwira nawo ntchito 9 pa ndegeyo malinga ndi CAAC kwa anthu 132 omwe adakwera. CAAC ndi ndege zili mkati motengeranso mayina a anthu okwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Malinga ndi China Central Television, onse omwe adakwera anali nzika zaku China.
+
+Kufufuza 
+Prime Minister waku China a Li Keqiang adapempha kuti ayesetse kusaka anthu opulumuka ndikuchiritsa ovulala ndikugogomezera kufunika kolimbikitsa ndi kuthandiza mabanja omwe akhudzidwa. Mtsogoleri waku China Xi Jinping adapempha ofufuza kuti adziwe chomwe chayambitsa ngoziyi mwachangu komanso kuti awonetsetse chitetezo chandege "chotsimikizika".
+
+Bungwe la Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) la ku United States linanena m’mawu ake kuti ladziwitsidwa za nkhaniyi. FAA idawonjezeranso kuti "yakonzeka kuthandiza pakufufuza", ngati itafunsidwa. Boeing adati adadziwitsidwa ndi malipoti oyambilira, ndipo akusonkhanitsa zambiri. Bungwe la National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) la ku United States linanena kuti mkulu wina wa ku United States anasankhidwa kukhala woimira pa kafukufuku wa ngoziyo. Oimira a CFM International, Boeing, ndi FAA adzachitanso ngati alangizi aukadaulo pa kafukufukuyu.
+
+Pa 22 Marichi CAAC idachita msonkhano wa atolankhani wonena kuti kusaka zojambulira data za ndege ndi chojambulira mawu cha cockpit kukadali mkati.
+
+Zomwe anachita
+
+Wapakhomo 
+CAAC idathandizira gulu lantchito zadzidzidzi ndikutumiza gulu ku malo a ngozi. Liu Ning, mlembi wa Chinese Communist Party (CCP) ku Guangxi, anapita kumalo a ngozi ndipo analamula ntchito "yonse" kufufuza ndi kupulumutsa. Anatsagananso ndi mkulu wa Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Guangxi ndi akuluakulu ena.
+
+China Eastern idapereka mawu oti foni yoti azilumikizana ndi abale ndi ndege yatsegulidwa. Ndegeyo idalengeza kuti zombo zake za Boeing 737-800 ziyimitsidwa kuti ziwunikenso mpaka kufufuzidwa kwa ngoziyi kukamalizidwa.
+
+VariFlight inanena kuti pafupifupi 74 peresenti ya ndege 11,800 zomwe zidakonzedwa pa Marichi 22 zidathetsedwa chifukwa cha ngoziyi. Ntchito zambiri zandege pakati pa Beijing ndi Shanghai zidathetsedwa. Ziwopsezo zoyimitsa zidanenedwa kuti ndizokwera kwambiri ku China mu 2022.
+
+Mayiko 
+Andale angapo akunja adapereka chipepeso pakutayika kwa anthu pangoziyi, kuphatikiza Narendra Modi, Imran Khan, Justin Trudeau, [gwero lofunika kwambiri] Kim Jong-un, Boris Johnson, [gwero lofunikira] Vladimir Putin. , ndi Tsai Ing-wen.
+
+Ku India, a Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) adayika ndege zonse za Boeing 737 zowulutsidwa ndi SpiceJet, Vistara ndi Air India Express "zoyang'aniridwa bwino". Mkulu wina wa bungwe loyang'anira zachitetezo adati "chitetezo ndi bizinesi yayikulu", ndipo izi zikuyang'aniridwa mosamala.
+
+Pamisika yamasheya ku US, magawo a Boeing poyambilira adatsika ndi 7.8 peresenti ndipo magawo aku China Eastern ndi 8.2 peresenti zitachitika. Pa Hong Kong Stock Exchange China Eastern masheya adatsika ndi 6.5 peresenti.
+
+Boeing adapereka chipepeso kwa mabanja a omwe adazunzidwa ndipo adati adalumikizana ndi China Eastern ndi NTSB.
+
+Zolemba
+2022 ngozi ku China
+Dennis Parnell Sullivan (wobadwa February 12, 1941) ndi katswiri wa masamu waku America. Amadziwika ndi ntchito yake mu algebraic topology, geometric topology, ndi dynamical systems. Ali ndi Mpando wa Albert Einstein ku City University of New York Graduate Center ndipo ndi pulofesa wodziwika ku Stony Brook University. Sullivan adalandira Mphotho ya Wolf mu Masamu mu 2010 ndi Mphotho ya Abel mu 2022.
+
+Moyo woyambirira ndi maphunziro 
+
+Sullivan anabadwira ku Port Huron, Michigan, pa February 12, 1941. Banja lake linasamukira ku Houston posakhalitsa.
+
+Analowa ku yunivesite ya Rice kuti akaphunzire uinjiniya wamankhwala koma adasintha zazikulu zake ku masamu mchaka chake chachiwiri atakumana ndi chiphunzitso cha masamu cholimbikitsa kwambiri. [chiani?] Analandira digiri yake ya Bachelor of Arts mu 1963. Analandira Doctor wake wa Philosophy kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Princeton mu 1966 ndi malingaliro ake, Triangulating homotopy equivalences, moyang'aniridwa ndi William Browder.
+
+Ntchito 
+
+Sullivan anagwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya Warwick pa NATO Fellowship kuchokera ku 1966 mpaka 1967. Iye anali Miller Research Fellow ku yunivesite ya California, Berkeley kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1969 ndipo kenako Sloan Fellow ku Massachusetts Institute of Technology kuchokera ku 1969 mpaka 1973. Sullivan anali pulofesa wothandizira pa yunivesite ya Paris-Sud kuchokera ku 1973 mpaka 1974, ndipo anali pulofesa wokhazikika ku Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques kuchokera ku 1974 mpaka 1997. , komanso mu 1975.
+
+Sullivan wakhala Mpando wa Albert Einstein mu Sayansi (Masamu) ku Graduate Center, City University of New York kuyambira 1981. Analowanso masamu ku yunivesite ya Stony Brook ku 1996, komwe ndi pulofesa wodziwika bwino monga 2022.
+
+Mu 2022, Sullivan adalandira Mphotho ya Abel "chifukwa cha zomwe adathandizira kwambiri pazamaphunziro apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka ma algebraic, geometric and dynamical."
+
+Mphotho ndi ulemu 
+
+ 1971 Oswald Veblen Mphotho mu Geometry
+ 1981 Prix Élie Cartan, French Academy of Sciences
+ 1983 membala, National Academy of Sciences
+ 1991 membala, American Academy of Arts ndi Sciences
+ 1994 King Faisal International Prize for Science
+ 2004 National Mendulo ya Sayansi
+ Mphotho ya 2006 ya Steele pakuchita bwino kwa moyo wonse
+ 2010 Wolf Prize in Mathematics, chifukwa cha "zothandizira zake ku algebraic topology ndi conformal dynamics"
+ 2012 Mnzake wa American Masamu Society
+ Mphotho ya 2014 Balzan mu Masamu (yoyera kapena yogwiritsidwa ntchito)
+ 2022 Mphotho ya Abel
+
+Zolemba 
+1941 kubadwa
+Isitala ndi chikondwerero chachikhristu komanso tchuthi cha chikhalidwe chokumbukira kuuka kwa Yesu kwa akufa, zomwe zikufotokozedwa m'Chipangano Chatsopano kuti zidachitika pa tsiku lachitatu la kuikidwa kwake m'manda atapachikidwa ndi Aroma pa Kalvare c. 30 AD. Ndichimaliziro cha Masautso a Yesu, otsatiridwa ndi Lenti, nyengo ya masiku 40 ya kusala kudya, kupemphera, ndi kulapa.
+
+Akhristu amatchula sabata isanafike Isitala ngati Sabata Loyera, lomwe mu Chikhristu chakumadzulo lili ndi masiku a Isitala Triduum kuphatikiza Lachinayi Lachiwiri, kukumbukira Maundy ndi Mgonero Womaliza, komanso Lachisanu Lachisanu, kukumbukira kupachikidwa ndi imfa ya Yesu. M’Chikristu Chakum’maŵa, masiku ndi zochitika zimodzimodzizo zimakumbukiridwa ndi maina a masiku onse kuyambira ndi “Woyera” kapena “Woyera ndi Wamkuru”; ndipo Isitala yokha ikhoza kutchedwa "Pascha Yaikulu ndi Yopatulika", "Lamlungu la Isitala", "Pascha" kapena "Lamlungu la Pascha". Mu Chikristu Chakumadzulo, Pasakatide, kapena Nyengo ya Isitala, imayamba Lamlungu la Isitala ndipo imatha masabata asanu ndi awiri, kutha ndi kubwera kwa tsiku la 50, Lamlungu la Pentekoste. Mu Chikhristu cha Kum'maŵa, nyengo ya Paskha imatha ndi Pentekosti, koma kunyamuka kwa Phwando Lalikulu la Pascha kuli pa tsiku la 39, tsiku lomwe lisanachitike Phwando la Kukwera Kumwamba.
+
+Isitala ndi maholide ogwirizana nawo ndi maphwando osunthika, osagwera pa tsiku loikidwiratu; deti lake limawerengedwa potengera kalendala ya lunisolar (chaka choyendera dzuwa kuphatikiza gawo la Mwezi) yofanana ndi kalendala yachihebri. Msonkhano Woyamba wa ku Nicaea (325) unakhazikitsa malamulo awiri okha, omwe ndi odziimira pawokha kuchokera ku kalendala ya Chihebri ndi kufanana kwapadziko lonse. Palibe zambiri zakuwerengera zomwe zidafotokozedwa; izi zinagwiritsiridwa ntchito, njira yomwe inatenga zaka mazana ambiri ndikuyambitsa mikangano yambiri. Lakhala Lamlungu loyamba pambuyo pa mwezi wathunthu wa tchalitchi womwe umachitika kapena posachedwa kwambiri pa 21 Marichi. Ngakhale ataŵerengeredwa pamaziko a kalendala yolondola kwambiri ya Gregory, deti la mwezi wathunthu nthaŵi zina limasiyana ndi la mwezi woyamba wathunthu wa zakuthambo pambuyo pa equinox ya March.
+
+Isitala imalumikizidwa ndi Paskha wachiyuda ndi dzina lake (Chihebri: פֶּסַח pesach, Chiaramu: פָּסחָא pascha ndiye maziko a mawu akuti Pascha), ndi chiyambi chake (malinga ndi Mauthenga Abwino, kupachikidwa ndi kuukitsidwa kunachitika pa Paskha). ), komanso mophiphiritsira zambiri, komanso malo ake akalendala. M’zinenero zambiri za ku Ulaya phwandolo limatchedwa ndi mawu akuti pasika m’zinenero zimenezo; ndipo m’matembenuzidwe akale Achingelezi a Baibulo lachingelezi liwu lakuti Isitala linali liwu logwiritsiridwa ntchito kumasulira Pasika.
+
+Miyambo ya Isitala imasiyana m'mayiko onse achikhristu, ndipo imaphatikizapo misonkhano yadzuwa, miliri yapakati pausiku, kufuula ndi kusinthana kwa moni wa Paschal, kudula tchalitchi (England), zokongoletsera ndi kusweka kwa mazira a Isitala (chizindikiro cha manda opanda kanthu). Kakombo wa Isitala, chizindikiro cha chiwukitsiro cha Chikristu Chakumadzulo, mwamwambo amakongoletsa madera a mipingo masiku ano komanso nthawi yonse ya Isitala. Miyambo inanso imene yayamba kugwirizana ndi Isitala ndipo imasungidwa ndi Akhristu komanso anthu ena omwe si Akhristu ndi monga zionetsero za Isitala, kuvina kwapagulu (Eastern Europe), Kalulu wa Isitala ndi kusaka mazira. Palinso zakudya za Isitala zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera komanso chikhalidwe.
+
+Zolemba 
+Easter
+Passover
+Pa Marichi 27, 2022, panthawi yowulutsa kanema wawayilesi wa 94th Academy Awards, wosewera Will Smith adayenda pabwalo ndikukwapula woseketsa Chris Rock kumaso pomwe akupereka Mphotho ya Best Documentary Feature. M'mbuyomu, Rock adatchula mkazi wa Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith, ndi nthabwala yosonyeza kumetedwa kwake. Pinkett Smith, yemwe ali ndi vuto la alopecia (matenda omwe amachititsa tsitsi kuthothoka), anali atakhala pafupi ndi mwamuna wake ndipo ankawoneka kuti wakhumudwa ndi nthabwalazo. Smith adachitapo kanthu pokwera siteji ndikumenya Rock. Kenako Smith anabwerera pampando wake n’kukalipira Thanthwe. Mwachidule Rock anathililapo ndemanga pa mbama ija kenako anapitiliza ndi mwambowo.
+
+Makanema okhudza kusamvanaku kudafalikira mwachangu, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri aziwonera pamapulatifomu angapo ndikupangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azinena, kukambirana komanso kukangana. Yalimbikitsanso ma parodies angapo, ma remixes, memes ndi nthabwala.
+
+Pamwambo womwewo, Smith adapambana Mphotho ya Academy for Best Actor chifukwa chowonetsa mphunzitsi wa tennis Richard Williams mufilimuyo King Richard. M'mawu ake ovomereza, Smith adapepesa ku Academy ndi anzake koma osati Rock. Tsiku lotsatira, adapepesa kwa Rock ndi Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) kudzera pa Instagram ndi Facebook.
+
+Mbira 
+Pofika pamwambo wa 2022, ma Academy Awards anali akulimbana ndi owonera ochepa ndi 93rd Academy Awards mu 2021, achepetsedwa chifukwa cha ziletso za COVID-19, kukopa omvera ake ochepa kwambiri pawayilesi. Pa Marichi 3, 2022, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science idalengeza kuti Chris Rock ndi m'modzi mwa owonetsa. Rock m'mbuyomu adakhalapo ngati yemwe adalandira mphothoyi maulendo awiri osiyana, kuphatikiza mu 2016, pomwe ochita zisudzo angapo adanyanyala mwambowu chifukwa chakusowa kwa omwe adasankhidwa aku Africa-America. Jada Pinkett Smith anali m'gulu la anthu amene anachita kunyanyala, zomwe zinachititsa Rock kuchita nthabwala za iye m'mawu ake oyamba: "Jada kunyalanyazidwa ndi Oscars kuli ngati ine ndikunyanyala mathalauza a Rihanna. Sindinaitanidwe."
+
+Mu gawo la 2018 lankhani yake ya Red Table Talk, Pinkett Smith adawulula kuti tsitsi lake linali kutha, mwina chifukwa cha nkhawa. Anamupeza ndi matenda a alopecia areata, ndipo mu July 2021, anaganiza zometa mutu wake wonse.
+
+Chochitika 
+Chris Rock adavomereza mkazi wa Smith, Jada Pinkett Smith mwa omvera ndi nthabwala zonena za mutu wake wometedwa, kufanizira mawonekedwe ake ndi Demi Moore mufilimu ya G.I. Jane. Pinkett Smith, yemwe ali ndi alopecia areata (wadazi), anali atakhala pafupi ndi mwamuna wake. Atatha kuseka nthabwala, kamerayo idadula kwa kamphindi ndikuyambiranso Smith, yemwe panthawiyi adanyamuka kuchokera kwa omvera ndikuyenda pa siteji. Smith kenako anamenya Rock kumaso, nabwerera pampando wake, nafuula, "Dzina la mkazi wanga lisatuluke pakamwa pako! Rock atayankha kuti ndi G.I. Jane nthabwala, Smith adafuulanso, "Sungani dzina la mkazi wanga pakamwa panu!
+
+Rock adabwera pa siteji kuti alengeze omwe adasankhidwa kukhala Best Documentary Feature pa 94th Academy Awards, pomwe adachita nyimbo yachidule yodzaza ndi nthabwala, makamaka kuwerenga kuchokera pa teleprompter script. Rock adachita nthabwala za mwamuna ndi mkazi wake Javier Bardem ndi Penelope Cruz onse omwe adalandira mayina ofanana pamwambo womwewo. Nthabwala inali yakuti Bardem adzakhala "kupemphera kuti Will Smith apambane" pa Best Actor ngati Cruz atataya mphoto yake.
+
+Panthawiyi, Smith ndi Pinkett Smith anali atakhala pamodzi pafupi ndi omvera. Rock kenaka adayamba nthabwala yodziwika bwino yometedwa mutu wa Pinkett Smith, kuyerekeza ndi mawonekedwe a Demi Moore mufilimu ya 1997 GI Jane:Chris Rock: Jada, ndimakukonda. G.I. Jane 2, sindingadikire kuti muwone, chabwino? [omvera akuseka]Kutsatira zomwe zanenedwa, kuwulutsa kunawonetsa zomwe Smith ndi Pinkett Smith adachita ndi nthabwala: Smith adaseka ndikumwetulira, pomwe kumwetulira kwa Pinkett Smith kudasanduka kusasangalala. Kuwulutsa kenako kunabwerera ku Rock:Rock: Ndi—icho chinali—icho chinali chabwino! Chabwino. Ndili pano— [asokonezedwa ndi zomwe akuwona] uh oh–Richard…Rock adapitiliza kuseka ndikutsamira pamene Smith adadutsa siteji kuti ayime ndikumuyang'ana maso ndi maso. Osalankhula, Smith anamenya Rock kumaso, kenaka anatembenuka ndi kubwerera pampando wake. Rock adachitapo kanthu pazochitikazo, pomwe Smith adamukuwa ali pampando wake, popanda maikolofoni:Rock: O, uwu! Zopatsa chidwi! [agwedeza mutu ndikudina lilime] Will Smith adangondikwapula. [omvera akuseka] Di—Will Smith: Sungani dzina la mkazi wanga pakamwa panu! [omvera akufuula]Rock: Wow, bwana!Smith: Inde.Rock: Anali G.I. Jane joke.Smith: [kukweza mawu] Sungani dzina la mkazi wanga pakamwa panu!Rock: Ndikupita, chabwino? ...Ndikhoza, o, chabwino. Umenewo unali…usiku waukulu kwambiri mu mbiriyakale ya televizioni, chabwino. Chabwino.
+
+Kuwonera mopanda malire 
+Zithunzi zosagwirizana ndi zomwe zidachitikazi zidatumizidwa ndi The Guardian pa YouTube, yomwe idalandira mawonedwe opitilira 50 miliyoni mkati mwa maola 24, kukhala imodzi mwamavidiyo omwe amawonedwa kwambiri pa intaneti m'maola 24 oyamba. Kanemayo amagwiritsa ntchito kanema waku Australia wamwambowo pa Channel 7, womwe sunayang'anire mawu otukwana. Kanemayo adafikanso pa nambala 1 patsamba lomwe likuyenda pa YouTube mkati mwa maola atatu ku United States, United Kingdom, Australia ndi mayiko ena ambiri. Memes okhudzana ndi zomwe zidachitikazi zidafalikira pa intaneti, ambiri aiwo amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzichi ngati template.
+
+Zolemba 
+2022 mikangano ku United States
+Sean Wainui (23 Okutobala 1995 - 18 Okutobala 2021) anali wosewera mpira waku New Zealand. Adasewera mapiko (ndipo nthawi zina) mbali ya Bay of Plenty, Chiefs ku Super Rugby, komanso mbali yapadziko lonse ya Māori ya New Zealand Māori All Blacks.Wainui anali membala wa Takapuna Grammar School 1st XV mu 2011, 2012 ndi 2013. Anapatsidwa mphoto ya North Harbour's 2013 Māori Colts Senior Player of the Year adakali pasukulu. Komanso wakale Takapuna Grammar Prefect komanso Captain 1st XV, Wainui adayimira New Zealand pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi atasewera timu ya Champion New Zealand mu Under 20 Rugby World Cup ku Italy.Timuyi idasewera ndi England pamutuwu, ndikupambana 21-16.
+
+Imfa 
+Wainui adamwalira cha m'ma 7:50 m'mawa pa 18 Okutobala 2021, kutangotsala masiku asanu kuti tsiku lake lobadwa la 26, galimoto yomwe amayendetsa itagwera mumtengo ku McLaren Falls Park pafupi ndi Tauranga. Tangihanga ya Wainui idachitikira ku Te Wainui marae ku Whatatutu pa 24 Okutobala 2021.
+
+Masewera oyeserera pakati pa New Zealand All Blacks ndi United States ku FedExField ku Washington D.C. pa 24 Okutobala 2021, kamphindi kunali chete kukumbukira imfa ya Wainui. Kaputeni wa timu ya United States, Bryce Campbell, adapatsa All Blacks malaya oyera nambala 11 okhala ndi dzina la Wainui.
+
+Zolemba 
+1995 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Halyna Hutchins (Chiyukireniya: Галина Хатчінс, romanized: Halyna Hatchyns; née Androsovych, Chiyukireniya: Андросович; 1979 - October 21, 2021) anali wojambula kanema waku Ukraine komanso mtolankhani yemwe amagwira ntchito pamakanema opitilira 30, makanema apa TV ndi ma TV. Archnemy, Darlin ', ndi Blindfire. Pa Okutobala 21, 2021, adavulala kwambiri pachiwopsezo chowombera panthawi yopanga filimu yotchedwa Rust.
+
+Cholowa 
+Mu Okutobala 2021, atamwalira Hutchins, aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi ake ku American Film Institute adakhazikitsa Halyna Hutchins Memorial Scholarship Fund yodzipereka kuthandiza maphunziro a akatswiri akanema achikazi. Mzimayi wa Hutchins a Matt Hutchins adavomereza ntchitoyi ndipo adapempha aliyense amene akufuna kulemekeza kukumbukira kwake kuti apereke ndalama ku thumba.
+
+Imfa ya Hutchins idauzira kuyitanitsa kusintha kwachitetezo chamfuti pamakanema amakanema. Alexi Hawley, wofalitsa wa ndondomeko ya apolisi aku America The Rookie, adatsimikizira kuti, pambuyo pa imfa ya Hutchins, mfuti zonse zamoyo pawonetsero ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi mfuti za Airsoft ndi CG kuwala. Eric Kripke, wowonetsa mndandanda wamasewera apamwamba a ku America a The Boys, nawonso adalumbira kuti aletsa zopanda kanthu ndi mfuti pawonetsero wake. Wopanga mafilimu a Bandar Albuliwi pambuyo pake adapereka lingaliro loletsa mfuti zenizeni pamaseti amakanema. Pempho lake loti apange "Lamulo la Halyna" linathandizidwa ndi wojambula komanso wotsogolera Olivia Wilde. Ojambula mafilimu oposa 200 adayitana kalata yotsegula kuti aletse zida zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu.
+
+Mu Novembala 2021, American Society of Cinematographers idalemekeza ntchito ya Hutchins ngati wojambula makanema pomupatsa umembala wake.
+
+Zolemba 
+1979 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Martha Kathleen Henry CC OOnt (née Buhs; February 17, 1938 - Okutobala 21, 2021) anali wobadwira ku Canada siteji, kanema, komanso wosewera pa TV. Anadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Chikondwerero cha Stratford ku Stratford, Ontario. Makolo ake, Kathleen (née Hatch) ndi Lloyd Howard Buhs, adasudzulana ali ndi zaka zisanu. Anakulira mdera lakumpoto la Detroit ku Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, adapita ku Kingswood School (lero Cranbrook Kingswood School), ndipo adamaliza maphunziro awo ku dipatimenti ya sewero ku Carnegie Institute of Technology asanasamukire ku Canada mu 1959. Pambuyo pake adatengera dzina la sitejiyo Henry. , dzina lovomerezeka la mwamuna wake woyamba Donnelly Rhodes, yemwe adakwatirana naye mu 1962.
+
+Henry anachita ku Toronto's Crest Theatre atangofika ku Canada, ndipo posakhalitsa analandiridwa m'kalasi yoyamba pa National Theatre School ku Montreal. Mu 1961, Sukulu ya Theatre inatengera ophunzira ake ku Stratford kuti akachite zisankho za kampani ya Chikondwerero. Henry adachita chidwi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Zojambula Michael Langham, yemwe adamupatsa malo mu kampani ya 1962 kutengera momwe adachitira tsikulo. Kuvomereza zoperekazo kukanafuna kuti Henry achoke ku Sukulu ya Theatre gawo limodzi ndi pulogalamu ya zaka zitatu, komabe Mtsogoleri wa NTS Powys Thomas adamuuza kuti atenge mwayiwo, ponena kuti aphunzira zambiri ndi kampani ya Stratford kusiyana ndi Sukulu ya Theatre. Analandira mwayiwo ndipo anapatsidwa dipuloma patsogolo pa kalasi yotsegulira, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala woyamba kumaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Theatre.
+
+Moyo waumwini 
+Mabanja a Henry ndi Rhodes, Douglas Rain, ndi Rod Beattie onse anatha m’chisudzulo. Anali ndi mwana mmodzi (Emma) ndi Mvula. Henry anamwalira ndi khansa patangopita pakati pausiku pa Okutobala 21, 2021, kunyumba kwawo ku Stratford, Ontario, patatha masiku khumi ndi awiri kuchokera pomwe adawonekera mu Atatu Atali Atali.
+
+Zolemba 
+1938 kubadwa
+2021 imfa
+Bernard Johan Herman Haitink CH KBE (Dutch: [ˈbɛrnɑrt ˈɦaːi̯tɪŋk]; 4 Marichi 1929 - 21 Okutobala 2021) anali wokonda ku Dutch komanso woyimba zemba. Anali wotsogolera wamkulu wa oimba angapo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira ndi Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra mu 1961. Anasamukira ku London, monga wotsogolera wamkulu wa London Philharmonic Orchestra kuchokera ku 1967 mpaka 1979, wotsogolera nyimbo ku Glyndebourne Opera kuyambira 1978 mpaka 1988 Opera House kuyambira 1987 mpaka 2002, pomwe adakhala kondakitala wamkulu wa Staatskapelle Dresden. Pomaliza, anali kondakita wamkulu wa Chicago Symphony Orchestra kuchokera ku 2006 mpaka 2010. Cholinga cha kujambula kwake kwakukulu chinali ma symphonies akale ndi nyimbo za orchestra, koma ankachititsanso zisudzo. Adachita makonsati 90 ku The Proms ku London, komaliza pa 3 Seputembala 2019 ndi Vienna Philharmonic. Mphotho zake zikuphatikiza Mphotho ya Grammy ndi Mphotho ya Gramophone ya 2015 pazomwe adachita pamoyo wake wonse.
+
+Zolemba 
+1929 kubandwa
+2021 imfa
+Kyiv ndi likulu ndi anthu ambiri mzinda wa Ukraine. Ili kumpoto chapakati cha Ukraine m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Dnieper. Pofika pa 1 Januware 2021, anthu anali 2,962,180, zomwe zidapangitsa Kyiv kukhala mzinda wachisanu ndi chiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Europe. Kyiv ndi likulu la mafakitale, sayansi, maphunziro, ndi chikhalidwe ku Eastern Europe. Ndi kwawo kwa mafakitale ambiri apamwamba, masukulu apamwamba, ndi mbiri yakale. Mzindawu uli ndi njira zambiri zoyendera anthu ndi zomangamanga, kuphatikiza Kyiv Metro.
+
+Dzina la mzindawu akuti limachokera ku dzina la Kyi, m'modzi mwa oyambitsa ake anayi odziwika bwino. M’mbiri yake, mzinda wa Kyiv, womwe ndi umodzi mwa mizinda yakale kwambiri Kum’mawa kwa Ulaya, unadutsa m’magawo angapo odziwika komanso osadziwika bwino. Mzindawu mwina udali ngati likulu la zamalonda koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 5. Kukhazikika kwa Asilavo panjira yayikulu yamalonda pakati pa Scandinavia ndi Constantinople, Kyiv inali gawo la Khazars, mpaka kulandidwa kwake ndi ma Varangians (Vikings) m'ma 9th century. Mu ulamuliro wa Varangian, mzindawu unakhala likulu la Kievan Rus, dziko loyamba la Asilavo Kum'mawa. Mzindawu utawonongedwa kotheratu panthawi ya nkhondo za a Mongol mu 1240, mzindawo unalibe mphamvu kwa zaka zambiri. Linali likulu lachigawo lofunika pang'onopang'ono kunja kwa madera olamulidwa ndi oyandikana nawo amphamvu, choyamba Lithuania, kenako Poland ndipo pamapeto pake Russia.
+
+Mzindawu udachitanso bwino pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa mafakitale mu Ufumu wa Russia chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800. Mu 1918, dziko la Ukraine litalengeza ufulu wake kuchoka ku Soviet Russia, Kyiv anakhala likulu lake. Kuchokera mu 1921 kupita mtsogolo, Kyiv unali mzinda wa Soviet Ukraine, umene unalengezedwa ndi Red Army, ndipo, kuyambira 1934, Kyiv unali likulu lake. Mzindawu unatsala pang’ono kuwonongedwa m’kati mwa nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse koma unachira msanga m’zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, n’kukhala mzinda wachitatu paukulu kwambiri wa Soviet Union.
+
+Ulamuliro wa Soviet Union ndi Ukraine utatha mu 1991, Kyiv idakhalabe likulu la dziko la Ukraine ndipo anthu amitundu ina akuchulukirachulukira ochokera kumadera ena a dzikolo. Panthawi yosintha dzikolo kukhala chuma chamsika komanso demokalase yamasankho, Kyiv yapitilirabe kukhala mzinda waukulu komanso wolemera kwambiri ku Ukraine. Zogulitsa zake zodalira zida zankhondo zidagwa pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet, zomwe zidasokoneza kwambiri sayansi ndiukadaulo, koma magawo atsopano azachuma monga mautumiki ndi ndalama zidathandizira kukula kwa Kyiv mumalipiro ndi ndalama, komanso kupereka ndalama zopititsira patsogolo ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi mizinda. zomangamanga. Kyiv anatulukira monga kwambiri pro-Western dera Ukraine; zipani zomwe zimalimbikitsa mgwirizano wolimba ndi European Union ndizovuta kwambiri panthawi yazisankho.
+
+Zolemba 
+Mizinda yaku Ukraine
+Akufa posachedwa kapena Imfa mu 2022 ndi  mndanda wa anthu odziwika amene anataya moyo wawo posachedwa.
+
+Imfa
+Mndandanda wa akufa
+Zovuta
+Nthandá (chizindikiro: )
+
+astronomy
+Hassan Sheikh Mohamud (wobadwa 29 Novembara 1965) ndi wandale waku Somalia yemwe wakhala Purezidenti wa Somalia kuyambira Meyi 2022. Ndiye woyambitsa komanso wapampando wapano wa Union for Peace and Development Party. Adasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa Federal Republic of Somalia pa 15 Meyi 2022, kugonjetsa Purezidenti yemwe adakhalapo Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed. M'mbuyomu adagwirapo ntchitoyo kuyambira 2012 mpaka 2017. Womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ndale, Hassan anali pulofesa wa yunivesite komanso dean.
+
+Mu April 2013, Hassan adatchulidwa mu mndandanda wapachaka wa magazini ya Time 100 ya anthu 100 otchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Khama lake popititsa patsogolo chiyanjanitso cha dziko, njira zolimbana ndi katangale, komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chitetezo ku Somalia kunatchulidwa ngati zifukwa zosankhidwa. Anabadwira ku Jalalaqsi, tawuni yaying'ono yaulimi yomwe ili m'chigawo chapakati cha Hiran ku Somalia yamakono, panthawi ya trusteeship, ndipo amachokera ku chikhalidwe chapakati. Hassan anakwatiwa ndi Qamar Ali Omar ndipo ali ndi ana 9. Amalankhula Chisomali ndi Chingerezi.
+
+Maphunziro 
+Hassan anaphunzira ku primary ndi secondary school kwawo. Pambuyo pake adasamukira ku likulu la Somalia ku Mogadishu mu 1978, komwe adaphunzira zaka zitatu ku Somali National University. Mu 1981, adalandira dipuloma yaukadaulo waukadaulo kuchokera ku bungweli. Mu 1986, Hassan anapita ku India ndipo anayamba kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Bhopal (yomwe tsopano ndi yunivesite ya Barkatullah). Kumeneko, anamaliza digiri ya master mu maphunziro aukadaulo mu 1988. Hassan ndi womaliza maphunziro awo ku Eastern Mennonite University's Summer Peacebuilding Institute yomwe ili ku Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mu 2001, adamaliza maphunziro atatu a SPI, kuphunzira zapakati, machiritso opwetekedwa mtima, komanso kupanga maphunziro okhudza ophunzira.
+
+Purezidenti waku Somalia
+
+Zisankho 
+Pa 10 Seputembala 2012, aphungu adasankha Hassan Purezidenti waku Somalia pazisankho zapulezidenti wa 2012 mdzikolo. Aphungu a nyumba ya malamulo adalemba mapepala awo kuseri kwa katani asanawaike m'bokosi loyera pamaso pa nthumwi za mayiko akunja ndi mazana aamuna ndi aakazi aku Somalia komanso kuwulutsidwa pawailesi yakanema. Pambuyo pa voti yoyamba, Purezidenti wakale Sharif Sheikh Ahmed adakhala patsogolo, adapeza mavoti 64. Hassan anali wachiwiri wachiwiri ndi mavoti 60, ndipo Prime Minister Abdiweli Mohamed Ali adakhala wachitatu ndi mavoti 32. Pamodzi ndi womaliza wachinayi Abdiqadir Osoble, Ali pambuyo pake adasankha kusiya masewerawo asanafike gawo lachiwiri. Onse omwe akupikisana nawo, komanso ena omwe amapikisana nawo paudindowu, akuti adauza owatsatirawo kuti athandizire Hassan. Hassan adapeza chigonjetso chopanda malire kumapeto komaliza, ndikugonjetsa Ahmed 71-29% (mavoti 190 vs. mavoti 79).
+
+Mavoti omaliza atangowerengedwa, Hassan adalumbiritsidwa. Opanga malamulo adayamba kuyimba nyimbo ya fuko la Somalia, ndipo anthu okhala ku Mogadishu adawonetsanso kukhutitsidwa ndi zotsatirapo, poziwona ngati mphindi yosintha.
+
+M'mawu ake olandila, Purezidenti Hassan adathokoza anthu ambiri aku Somalia, Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Federal, komanso omwe adatsutsa. Ananenanso kuti akuthandizira ntchito yomanganso pambuyo pa nkhondoyi ku Somalia ndipo adanenanso kuti anali wokonzeka kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi mayiko ena. Kuphatikiza apo, Sheikh Sharif adathokoza Hassan pakupambana kwake ndipo adalonjeza kuti agwirizana ndi mtsogoleri watsopano wadziko. Prime Minister Ali adatcha chisankhochi ngati chiyambi cha nthawi yatsopano yandale ku Somalia. Abdirahman Mohamud Farole, Purezidenti wa dera lodziyimira pawokha la Puntland kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Somalia, adathokozanso Hassan, anthu aku Somalia, ndi ena onse omwe adakhudzidwa nawo omwe adachita nawo ndondomeko ya ndale ya Roadmap, yomwe pamapeto pake idatsogolera chisankho cha pulezidenti komanso kutha kwa kusinthaku. nthawi.
+
+Kusankhidwa kwa Hassan kunalandiridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Woimira Wapadera wa UN ku Somalia a Augustine Mahiga adapereka chiganizo chofotokozera chisankhochi ngati "sitepe yaikulu yopita patsogolo pa njira ya mtendere ndi chitukuko[...] Somalia yatsimikizira okayikira kuti ndi zolakwika ndipo yatumiza uthenga wamphamvu wopita patsogolo ku Africa yonse ndi kwenikweni ku dziko lonse lapansi”. Mofananamo, bungwe la AU ku Somalia linayamikira chisankhochi ndipo linalonjeza kuti lithandizira utsogoleri watsopano. Prime Minister waku Britain David Cameron ndi wamkulu wa bungwe la EU a Catherine Ashton nawonso adapereka chiyamiko chawo, akumanena kuti chisankhochi chidawonetsa kupambana kwakukulu. Boma la United States nalonso lidatulutsa mawu atolankhani othokoza Hassan chifukwa chakupambana kwake, lomwe lidafotokoza kuti ndi "chofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu aku Somalia, komanso kupita patsogolo kofunikira pakumanga boma loyimilira". Idalimbikitsanso akuluakulu a boma la Somalia kuti apitilizebe kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo adalonjeza kuti apitiliza mgwirizano ndi boma la Somalia. Kuphatikiza apo, Purezidenti Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan waku United Arab Emirates (UAE) adatumiza uthenga wothokoza kwa mtsogoleri watsopano wadziko la Somalia, monga Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa UAE ndi Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum komanso Korona. Kalonga wa Abu Dhabi Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan. Purezidenti wa Egypt Mohamed Morsi adayimbiranso foni Mohamud kumuthokoza chifukwa cha kupambana kwake, ndipo adamufunira chipambano pa ntchito zake zokhazikitsa mtendere.
+
+Pa 16 September 2012, Hassan adakhazikitsidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa Somalia pamwambo womwe atsogoleri ndi olemekezeka osiyanasiyana akunja adakumana nawo. Kazembe Wapadera wa UN ku Somalia Mahiga adafotokoza kuti nthawiyi ndi chiyambi cha "nyengo yatsopano" ya dzikoli komanso kutha kwa nthawi yosinthira.
+
+Pa Meyi 16, 2022, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud adapezanso mphamvu zapurezidenti atapambana zisankho motsutsana ndi Purezidenti wotuluka Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed Farmaajo. Purezidenti wosankhidwa adalumbira kuti abwezeretsa bata ku Somalia.
+
+Zolemba 
+1965 Kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Purezidenti wa Somalia (Somalia: Madaxaweynaha Soomaaliya) ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Somalia. Purezidenti ndi wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Somalia. Purezidenti akuyimira Federal Republic of Somalia, ndi umodzi wa dziko la Somalia, komanso kuwonetsetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Constitution ya Somalia ndi kayendetsedwe kabwino ka mabungwe aboma. Ofesi ya Purezidenti wa Somalia idakhazikitsidwa ndi chilengezo cha Republic of Somalia pa 1 July 1960. Purezidenti woyamba wa Somalia anali Aden Abdullah Osman Daar.
+
+Mbiriyakale 
+Purezidenti woyamba wa Somalia anali Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Somali Youth League (SYL), yemwe adagwira ntchito pa 1 July 1960, tsiku limene Somalia idalengezedwa kuti ndi republic. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ofesiyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena asanu ndi awiri: Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Mohamed Siad Barre, Ali Mahdi, Abdiqasim Salad, Abdullahi Yusuf, Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, ndi Hassan Sheikh Mohamud. Kuphatikiza apo, Sheikh Mukhtar adakhala ngati Purezidenti pakati pa kuphedwa kwa Shemarke ndi kulanda boma, ndipo Aden Madoobe adakhala Purezidenti Yusuf atasiya udindo mu 2008.
+
+Sharif Sheikh Ahmed anatenga udindo pa 31 January 2009, atasankhidwa ndi chisankho cha pulezidenti chomwe chinachitika mu Januwale 2009. Nthawi ya Ahmed ngati Purezidenti wa Somalia inatha mwalamulo Mu Ogasiti 2012, mogwirizana ndi kutha kwa udindo wa boma losintha komanso kuyambika kwa feduro. boma la Somalia. Adalowa m'malo mwake ndi General Muse Hassan, yemwe adakhalapo kwakanthawi.
+
+Purezidenti Hassan Sheikh Mohamud adatenga udindo pa 16 September 2012, atasankhidwa ndi chisankho chapulezidenti chomwe chinachitika pa 10 September 2012.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Purezidenti waku Somalia
+Boma la Somalia
+1960 kukhazikitsidwa ku Somalia
+Somalia, mwalamulo Federal Republic of Somalia (Somalia: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Chiarabu: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), ndi dziko lomwe lili ku Horn of Africa. Dzikoli lili m’malire ndi Ethiopia kumadzulo, Djibouti kumpoto chakumadzulo, Gulf of Aden kumpoto, Indian Ocean kum’mawa, ndi Kenya kumwera chakumadzulo. Somalia ili ndi gombe lalitali kwambiri ku Africa. Madera ake amakhala makamaka mapiri, zigwa, ndi mapiri. Kutentha kumakhalapo chaka chonse, ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula yosakhazikika. Somalia ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 15 miliyoni, omwe opitilira 2 miliyoni amakhala likulu komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri wa Mogadishu, ndipo akuti ndi dziko lachikhalidwe chosiyana kwambiri mu Africa. Pafupifupi 85% ya okhalamo ndi amtundu waku Somali, omwe adakhala kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Mafuko ang'onoang'ono amakhala makamaka kumwera. Zilankhulo zovomerezeka ku Somalia ndi Chisomali ndi Chiarabu. Anthu ambiri m’dzikoli ndi Asilamu, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi a Sunni.
+
+Kalekale, dziko la Somalia linali likulu la zamalonda. Ndilo m'gulu la malo omwe akuyembekezeka kwambiri ku Land of Punt wakale. M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, maufumu angapo amphamvu a ku Somalia ankalamulira malonda a m'madera, kuphatikizapo Ajuran Sultanate, Adal Sultanate, ndi Sultanate wa Geledi.
+
+Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, ma Sultanate aku Somali monga Isaaq Sultanate ndi Majeerteen Sultanate adalamulidwa ndi Italy, Britain ndi Ethiopia. Atsamunda aku Europe adaphatikiza madera a mafukowo kukhala madera awiri, omwe anali Somaliland ya ku Italy ndi British Somaliland Protectorate. Pakadali pano, mkati, a Dervishes motsogozedwa ndi Mohammed Abdullah Hassan adalimbana ndi Abyssinia, Italy Somaliland, ndi British Somaliland mu 1920 ndipo adagonjetsedwa mu Kampeni ya Somaliland ya 1920. Italy idatenga ulamuliro wonse kumpoto chakum'mawa, chapakati, ndi kumwera kwa derali pambuyo pochita bwino kampeni ya Sultanates motsutsana ndi olamulira a Majeerteen Sultanate ndi Sultanate of Hobyo. Mu 1960, madera awiriwa adagwirizana kuti apange dziko loyima palokha la Somali Republic pansi pa boma la anthu wamba.
+
+Supreme Revolutionary Council idalanda mphamvu mu 1969 ndikukhazikitsa Somali Democratic Republic, kuyesa mwankhanza kuthana ndi Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha ya Somaliland kumpoto kwa dzikolo. SRC pambuyo pake idagwa patatha zaka 22, mu 1991, pomwe Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni ku Somali idayamba ndipo Somaliland idalengeza ufulu wawo. Somaliland ikulamulirabe gawo la kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dziko la Somalia lomwe likuyimira 27% yokha ya gawo lake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi madera ambiri adabwereranso ku malamulo achikhalidwe ndi achipembedzo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, maulamuliro angapo a nthawi yochepa adapangidwa. Transitional National Government (TNG) idakhazikitsidwa mchaka cha 2000, kenako kukhazikitsidwa kwa Transitional Federal Government (TFG) mu 2004, yomwe idakhazikitsanso gulu lankhondo la Somalia.
+
+Mu 2006, mothandizidwa ndi dziko la United States lothandizidwa ndi dziko la Ethiopia, gulu la TFG lidayamba kuyang'anira madera ambiri akummwera kwa dzikolo kuchokera ku Islamic Courts Union (ICU) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kumene. ICU pambuyo pake idagawika m'magulu amphamvu kwambiri, monga Al-Shabaab, omwe adalimbana ndi TFG ndi mabungwe ake a AMISOM kuti azilamulira chigawochi.
+
+Pofika chapakati pa chaka cha 2012, zigawengazo zinali zitaluza madera ambiri amene analanda, ndipo ntchito yofunafuna mabungwe ambiri a demokalase yachikhalire inayamba. Ngakhale zili choncho, zigawenga zimayang'anirabe madera ambiri apakati ndi kumwera kwa Somalia, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu m'madera olamulidwa ndi boma, ndipo tawuni ya Jilib ikugwira ntchito ngati likulu la zigawenga. Lamulo latsopano lokhazikika linaperekedwa mu Ogasiti 2012, kusintha Somalia ngati chitaganya. Mwezi womwewo, Boma la Federal of Somalia lidapangidwa ndipo nthawi yomanganso idayamba ku Mogadishu. Dziko la Somalia lakhalabe ndi chuma chosalongosoka makamaka potengera ziweto, ndalama zomwe anthu aku Somali omwe amagwira ntchito kunja, komanso matelefoni. Ndi membala wa United Nations, Arab League, African Union, Non-Aligned Movement, ndi Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.
+Boma la Somalia
+Somalia
+The Somali Republic (Somalia: Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed; Chitaliyana: Repubblica Somala; Chiarabu: الجمهورية الصومالية, romanized: Jumhūriyyat aṣ-Ṣūmālīyyah) linali dzina la dziko loyima lomwe lopangidwa ndi Somalia, kutsatira Territory of the Somaliland kale Italy Somaliland) ndi State of Somaliland (kale British Somaliland). Boma linapangidwa ndi Abdullahi Issa Mohamud ndi Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal ndi mamembala ena a trusteeship and protectorate, Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf monga Purezidenti wa Somali National Assembly ndi Aden Abdullah Osman Daar monga Purezidenti wa Somali Republic. Pa 22 July 1960, Daar adasankha Abdirashid Ali Shermarke kukhala nduna yaikulu. Pa 20 July 1961 komanso kudzera mu referendum yotchuka, Somalia inavomereza lamulo latsopano, lomwe linayamba kulembedwa mu 1960. Lamulo latsopano linakanidwa ndi Somaliland.
+
+Ulamulirowu udakhalapo mpaka 1969, pomwe bungwe la Supreme Revolution Council (SRC) lidalanda ulamuliro popanda kukhetsa magazi ndikusintha dzikolo kukhala Somali Democratic Republic.
+1960s ku Somalia
+Mbiri ya ndale ya Somalia
+1960 kukhazikitsidwa ku Somalia
+1969 kusokoneza mu Africa
+1960s kusokoneza ku Somalia
+Somaliland (Somalia (Somalia: Soomaaliland; Chiarabu: صوماليلاند Ṣūmālīlānd, أرض الصومال Arḍ aṣ-Ṣūmāl), mwalamulo Republic of Somaliland , ndi dziko lodziwika bwino ku Horn of Africa, lomwe limawonedwa padziko lonse lapansi kukhala gawo la Somalia. Somaliland ili ku Horn of Africa, pagombe lakumwera kwa Gulf of Aden. Imakhala m'malire ndi Djibouti kumpoto chakumadzulo, Ethiopia kumwera ndi kumadzulo, ndi gawo losatsutsika la Somalia chakum'mawa. Dera lomwe amati lili ndi malo okwana masikweya kilomita 176,120 (68,000 sq mi), okhala ndi anthu pafupifupi 5.7 miliyoni pofika 2021. Likulu ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri ndi Hargeisa. Boma la Somaliland limadziona ngati dziko lolowa m'malo ku Britain Somaliland, yomwe, monga boma lodziyimira palokha la Somaliland, linagwirizana mu 1960 ndi Trust Territory of Somaliland (yomwe kale inali Somaliland yaku Italy) kuti ipange dziko la Somali Republic.
+
+Somaliland idakhalako koyamba zaka 10,000 zapitazo munthawi ya Neolithic. Abusa akale ankaweta ng'ombe ndi ziweto zina ndipo ili ndi zojambula zowoneka bwino za miyala mu Africa. M'zaka zonse za m'ma Middle Ages, anthu othawa kwawo a Arabiya anafika ku Somaliland, kuphatikizapo ma sheikh achisilamu, Ishaaq bin Ahmed, omwe anayambitsa banja la Isaaq, ndi Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti omwe anayambitsa banja la Darod, omwe adachoka ku Arabia kupita ku Somaliland ndikukwatira. banja lakwawo la Dir, lomwe lafotokozedwa ngati nthano zopeka. Komanso m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages, maufumu a ku Somalia ankalamulira malonda a m'madera, kuphatikizapo Sultanate of Ifat ndi Adal Sultanate.
+
+M'zaka za zana la 18, Isaaq Sultanate, dziko la Somali lolowa m'malo mwa Adal Sultanate, linakhazikitsidwa ndi Sultan Guled Abdi ku Toon. Ulamuliro wa Sultana unafalikira mbali zina za Horn of Africa ndipo unakhudza madera apakati a Somaliland yamakono. Inali ndi chuma cholimba ndipo malonda anali ofunikira pa doko lake lalikulu la Berbera ndi tawuni yaying'ono ya doko la Bulhar, komanso chakum'mawa kumatawuni a Heis, Karin, ndi El-Darad omwe amatumiza lubani.
+
+Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, United Kingdom idasaina mapangano ndi mabanja a Habr Awal, Garhajis, Habr Je'lo, Warsangeli, Issa ndi Gadabuursi kuti akhazikitse chitetezo.
+
+A Dervishes motsogozedwa ndi Muhammad Abdullah Hassan adatsutsana ndi mapangano achitetezo omwe adasainidwa ndi Britain ndi ma Sultan aku Somalia. Pambuyo pa zaka 20, a Dervishes adagonjetsedwa pa imodzi mwa mabomba oyambirira a ndege ku Africa mu 1920 Somaliland Campaign. Akuluakulu a mafuko, a Dhulbahante, omwe sanasaine pangano lachitetezo ndi a Briteni (chifukwa choti anthu aku Italiya amawona kuti ndi gawo la Dhulbahante monga nzika za Sultan wotetezedwa ku Italy wa fuko la Majeerteen) anali omwe adalimbikitsa kwambiri. za kayendedwe.
+
+Pa 26 June 1960, chitetezo chinapeza ufulu wodzilamulira monga State of Somaliland, pasanathe masiku asanu modzifunira kugwirizana ndi Trust Territory of Somaliland, kutsatira ufulu wake wodzilamulira, kupanga Somali Republic. Mgwirizano wovomerezeka unachitika pakati pa madera awiriwa kudzera mwa oimira awo osankhidwa. Pa 27 June 1960, Legislative Assembly of Somaliland inakhazikitsa lamulo la Union ndi Somalia lomwe linanena kuti mabungwe awiriwa azikhala ogwirizana mpaka kalekale.
+
+Zolemba 
+Geography ya Somaliland
+Mayiko aku Africa
+Kupatukana ku Somalia
+Mayiko ndi madera omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu 1991
+International Standard Book Number (ISBN) ndi chizindikiritso cha buku lazamalonda chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chapadera. Osindikiza amagula ma ISBN kuchokera ku bungwe la International ISBN Agency.
+
+ISBN imaperekedwa ku mtundu uliwonse wosiyana ndi kusintha (kupatula kusindikizidwanso) kwa chofalitsa. Mwachitsanzo, e-book, pepala lokhala ndi pepala lolimba la buku lomwelo aliyense adzakhala ndi ISBN yosiyana. ISBN ndi manambala khumi utali ngati idaperekedwa chaka cha 2007 chisanafike, ndipo manambala khumi ndi atatu ngati ataperekedwa pa 1 January 2007 kapena pambuyo pake. Njira yoperekera ISBN imayenderana ndi dziko lonse ndipo imasiyana mayiko, nthawi zambiri kutengera kukula kwa makampani osindikizira mkati mwa dziko.
+
+Chidziwitso choyambirira cha ISBN chinapangidwa mu 1967, kutengera manambala 9 a Standard Book Numbering (SBN) omwe adapangidwa mu 1966. Mtundu wa ISBN wokhala ndi manambala khumi adapangidwa ndi International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) ndipo adasindikizidwa mu 1970 ngati mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi. muyezo ISO 2108 (khode ya SBN yokhala ndi manambala 9 imatha kusinthidwa kukhala ISBN ya manambala 10 poyiyika ndi ziro '0').
+
+Mabuku osindikizidwa mwachinsinsi nthawi zina amawoneka opanda ISBN. Bungwe la International ISBN Agency nthawi zina limapereka mabuku otere a ISBN pawokha.
+
+Chizindikiritso china, International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), chimazindikiritsa zofalitsa zanthawi zonse monga magazini ndi manyuzipepala. International Standard Music Number (ISMN) imakhala ndi nyimbo zambiri.
+
+Zolemba
+Mu 1972 UEFA Cup Final inali yomaliza ya mpikisano woyamba wa mpira wa UEFA Cup. Unali mpikisano wamiyendo iwiri womwe udaseweredwa pa 3 Meyi ndi 17 Meyi 1972 pakati pa makalabu awiri achingerezi, Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi Tottenham Hotspur. Aka kanali komaliza koyamba mumpikisano wa makalabu a UEFA kukhala ndi matimu awiri abungwe lomwelo.
+
+Tottenham Hotspur idapambana 3-2 pamagulu onse. Chigonjetso cha 2-1 kuchokera kunyumba mumsewu woyamba chidakhala chotsimikizika kwa iwo, pomwe Martin Chivers adagoletsa wopambana mochedwa, kuwombera mosaletseka kuchokera pamayadi 25. Kenako adagwira Wolves 1-1 mumpikisano wachiwiri kuti apambane mpikisano.
+
+Njira yopita komaliza
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+Masewera omaliza a mpira
+1972 ku London
+The 1973 UEFA Cup Final inali masewera a mpira wamagulu omwe adaseweredwa miyendo iwiri pakati pa Liverpool yaku England ndi Borussia Mönchengladbach yaku West Germany. Masewera oyamba adaseweredwa ku Anfield, Liverpool pa 10 May 1973 ndipo mwendo wachiwiri udaseweredwa pa 23 Meyi 1973 ku Bökelbergstadion, Mönchengladbach. Unali komaliza kwa nyengo ya 1972-73 ya mpikisano wa European Cup secondary Cup, UEFA Cup. Liverpool ndi Mönchengladbach onse adawonekera komaliza komaliza, ngakhale Liverpool idafika komaliza mu European Cup Winners' Cup itagonja 2-1 ndi Borussia Dortmund.
+
+Gulu lililonse limayenera kudutsa maulendo anayi kuti lifike komaliza. Machesi amapikisana pamiyendo iwiri, ndi machesi pabwalo lanyumba la timu iliyonse. Maubwenzi ambiri a Liverpool adapambana ndi zigoli zosachepera ziwiri, kupatulapo semi-final motsutsana ndi Tottenham Hotspur, yomwe Liverpool idapambana pa lamulo la zigoli zakutali. Maubwenzi a Borussia Mönchengladbach makamaka anali mbali imodzi. Gulu la West Germany lidapambana ndi zigoli zosachepera zinayi pazolumikizana zonse zinayi, chigonjetso cha 9-2 pa 1. FC Kaiserslautern idayimira malire awo opambana.
+
+Kuwonedwa ndi gulu la 41,169 ku Anfield, Liverpool idatsogola mumyendo woyamba pomwe Kevin Keegan adagoletsa mphindi ya 21. Chigoli china cha Keegan mchigawo choyamba chidakulitsa chitsogozo cha Liverpool ndipo chigoli china cha Larry Lloyd chidapangitsa kuti Liverpool idapambana 3-0 mumsewu woyamba. Chifukwa chake, mumyendo wachiwiri ku Bökelbergstadion, Liverpool idayenera kupewa kutayika ndi zigoli zitatu zomveka bwino kuti apambane mpikisano. Khamu la 34,905 lidawonera Borussia ikutsogolera mphindi ya 29 mothandizidwa ndi chigoli cha Jupp Heynckes, adagoletsanso mphindi 11 pambuyo pake kuti atsogolere Borussia kawiri. Borussia sanathe kupeza chigoli chachitatu chomwe amafunikira kuti atengere masewerawa mu nthawi yowonjezera ndipo adapambana masewera achiwiri 2-0. Chifukwa chake, Liverpool idapambana mpikisano womaliza wa 3-2 kuti apambane mpikisano wawo woyamba waku Europe.
+
+Njira yopita komaliza
+
+Liverpool 
+
+Liverpool idakwanitsa kuchita nawo UEFA Cup chifukwa chomaliza pachitatu mu 1971-72 Soccer League First Division. Adani awo mugawo loyamba anali timu yaku West Germany Eintracht Frankfurt. Liverpool idapambana masewera oyamba pabwalo lawo lanyumba, Anfield, 2-0. Masewera achiwiri pabwalo lanyumba la Frankfurt, Waldstadion idathera 0-0, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Liverpool idapitilira gawo lachiwiri ndikupambana 2-0. Gulu lachi Greek AEK Athens anali otsutsa. Liverpool idapambana mpikisano woyamba ku Anfield 3-0, chigonjetso cha 3-1 pabwalo lanyumba la AEK Nikos Goumas Stadium idawonetsetsa kuti Liverpool ipambana 6-1 pawiri.
+
+Otsutsa mgawo lachitatu anali Dynamo Berlin waku East Germany. Masewera oyamba pamasewera a Dynamo Sportforum adathera mphamvu 0-0. Masewera achiwiri ku Anfield anali ochita bwino kwambiri Liverpool idatsogola Phil Boersma mphindi yoyamba ndipo Dynamo idafanana mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi pambuyo pake. Zigoli zina ziwiri za Liverpool zidapambana 3-1 pamasewerawa komanso pakuphatikiza. Mu quarterfinals Liverpool idakumananso ndi chitsutso cha East Germany, adani awo anali Dynamo Dresden. Liverpool idapambana 2-0 mumsewu woyamba ku Anfield, ndipo idapambana 1-0 ku East Germany, kumenya Dresden 3-0 pakuphatikiza.
+
+Osewera omwe akulamulira Tottenham Hotspur anali otsutsa mu semi-final. Liverpool idapambana masewera owukira ku Anfield 1-0. Mwendo wachiwiri ku White Hart Lane unalinso zochitika. Tottenham idatsogolera gawo lachiwiri pomwe Martin Peters adagoletsa kuti Spurs atsogolere. Mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri Liverpool idafanana pomwe Steve Heighway adagoletsa izi ndikuwongolera machesi ndikupangitsa Liverpool kutsogola 2-1 pakuphatikiza. Tottenham idakwera 2-1 pomwe Peters adagoletsanso, izi zidakweza zigoli zonse pa 2-2, koma Liverpool idagoletsa chigoli chakutali, motero, ipita patsogolo mpaka mugawo lotsatira.
+
+Borussia Mönchengladbach 
+
+Borussia idakwanitsa kulowa UEFA Cup mwachilolezo chomaliza pachitatu mu 1971-72 Bundesliga. Otsutsa m'gawo loyamba anali mbali ya Scottish Aberdeen. Ulendo woyamba udachitikira kunyumba ya Aberdeen Pittodrie, pomwe Borussia idapambana 3-2. Masewera achiwiri pabwalo lanyumba la Borussia Bökelbergstadion idapambana 6-3 ndi timu ya West Germany, izi zikutanthauza kuti adakwanitsa gawo lachiwiri mothandizidwa ndi chigonjetso cha 9-5. Gulu la Danish Hvidovre IF anali otsutsa mgawo lachiwiri. Kupambana kwa 3-0 ku West Germany kudatsatiridwa ndi chigonjetso cha 3-1 ku Denmark kuti apeze chigonjetso cha 6-1 ku Borussia.
+
+Anzathu aku West Germany mbali 1. FC Köln anali otsutsa m'gawo lachitatu. Ulendo woyamba pabwalo lanyumba la Köln Müngersdorfer Stadion udatha 0-0. Borussia idapambana mosavuta mwendo wachiwiri kunyumba kwawo 5-0 kuti apambane chigolichi ndi zigoli zomwezo pakuphatikiza. Iwo adakokedwanso motsutsana ndi otsutsa a West Germany mu quarter-finals, gululi panthawiyi linali 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Masewera oyamba omwe adachitikira pabwalo lanyumba la Kaiserlautern Fritz-Walter-Stadion idapambana 2-1 ndi Borussia ndipo chigonjetso cha 7-1 mumsewu wachiwiri pabwalo lawo lanyumba idatsimikizira kuti apita ku semi-finals mothandizidwa ndi 9-2 aggregate. chigonjetso.
+
+Timu yaku Dutch Twente ndi yomwe idatsutsana ndi Borussia mu semi-finals. Mpikisano woyamba udachitikira ku West Germany ndipo Borussia idapambana 3-0 kudziyika pabwino kuti ifike komaliza kupita kumasewera achiwiri ku Netherlands. Borussia idapambana mwendo wachiwiri 2-1 kuti ipambane tayi 5-1 pamagulu onse ndikupita komaliza komaliza ku Europe.
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Masewero oyamba
+
+Masewero achiwiri
+
+Zolemba
+Victoria Falls ( Lozi: Mosi-oa-Tunya, "The Smoke That Thunders"; Tonga: Shungu Namutitima, "Boiling Water") ndi mathithi pamtsinje wa Zambezi kumwera kwa Africa, komwe kumapereka malo okhalamo mitundu ingapo ya zomera ndi nyama. . Ili pamalire a Zambia ndi Zimbabwe ndipo ndi amodzi mwa mathithi akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 1708 m (5604 ft).
+
+Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ndi mbiri yakale yapakamwa imalongosola mbiri yakale ya chidziwitso cha ku Africa cha malowa. Ngakhale kuti m’zaka za m’ma 1800, mmishonale wina wa ku Scotland, dzina lake Livingstone ankadziwa za malo ena a ku Ulaya, anazindikira mathithiwa mu 1955, n’kupereka dzina lachingelezi lachitsamunda la Victoria potengera dzina la Mfumukazi Victoria. Kuyambira pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, malowa akhala akuthandizira kwambiri zokopa alendo. Zambia ndi Zimbabwe onse ali ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso malo oyendera alendo pamalowa. Kafukufuku wakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2010 adapeza kuti kusintha kwa nyengo kumayambitsa kusinthasintha kwa mvula kumatha kusintha mawonekedwe a dziwe.
+
+Magwero a mayina 
+David Livingstone, mmishonale ndi wofufuza malo wa ku Scotland, ndi munthu woyamba ku Ulaya amene anaona mathithiwo pa 16 November 1855, kuchokera ku chilumba chomwe masiku ano chimatchedwa Livingstone Island. pafupi ndi gombe la Zambia. Livingstone anatchula kuona kwakeko polemekeza Mfumukazi Victoria, koma dzina la chinenero cha Chisotho, Mosi-oa-Tunya—“Utsi Wowomba”—amagwiritsiridwa ntchito mofananamo. World Heritage List imavomereza mayina onsewa. Livingstone adatchulanso dzina lakale, Seongo kapena Chongwe, lomwe limatanthauza "Malo a Utawaleza", chifukwa cha kutsitsi kosalekeza.
+
+National Park yapafupi ku Zambia imatchedwa Mosi-oa-Tunya, pomwe malo osungirako zachilengedwe komanso tawuni yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Zimbabwe onse amatchedwa Victoria Falls.
+
+Kukula 
+
+Ngakhale kuti si mathithi apamwamba kwambiri kapena aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse, mathithi a Victoria Falls amaikidwa m’gulu lalikulu kwambiri, kutengera m’lifupi mwake mamita 1,708 (5,604 ft) ndi kutalika kwa mamita 108 (354 ft), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mathithiwo akhale aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. wa madzi akugwa. Mathithi a Victoria Falls ndi aakulu kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwa mathithi a Niagara ku North America ndiponso kuwirikiza kaŵiri m’lifupi mwake.
+
+Kwa mtunda wautali kuchokera ku mathithiwo, Zambezi imayenda pamtunda wa basalt, m'chigwa chosazama, chomangidwa ndi mapiri a mchenga otsika komanso akutali. Mtsinje wa mtsinjewu uli ndi zisumbu zambiri zokutidwa ndi mitengo, zomwe zimachulukana pamene mtsinjewo umafika pa mathithiwo. kulibe mapiri, mitsinje, kapena zigwa zakuya; phiri lathyathyathya lokha lotambasula mazana a kilomita mbali zonse.
+
+Mathithiwo amapangika pomwe m'lifupi mwake mtsinjewo umatsikira podontho limodzi loyima mpaka ku phompho lopingasa la 1,708 metres (5,604 ft) m'lifupi, lojambulidwa ndi madzi ake m'mbali mwa chigawo chophwanyika cha mapiri a basalt. Kuya kwa phompho, lotchedwa First Gorge, kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 80 metres (260 ft) kumapeto kwake kumadzulo kufika mamita 108 (354 ft) pakati. Njira yokhayo yopita ku First Gorge ndi kusiyana kwa mamita 110 m'lifupi (360 ft) pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu a njira kudutsa m'lifupi mwa mathithiwo kuchokera kumapeto a kumadzulo. Mtsinje wonsewo umalowa m’mitsinje ya Victoria Falls kuchokera m’phanga lopapatizali.
+
+Pali zilumba ziwiri zomwe zili pamphepete mwa mathithiwo zomwe zimakhala zazikulu zokwanira kugawa chinsalu cha madzi ngakhale kusefukira kwa madzi: Boaruka Island (kapena Cataract Island) pafupi ndi gombe lakumadzulo, ndi Livingstone Island pafupi ndi pakati - malo omwe Livingstone adayamba. adawona mathithiwo. Pakasefukira kwambiri, zisumbu zowonjezera zimagawa chinsalu chamadzi kukhala mitsinje yofananira. Mitsinje ikuluikulu imatchedwa, kuchokera ku Zimbabwe (kumadzulo) kupita ku Zambia (kummawa): Cataract ya Mdyerekezi (yotchedwa Leaping Water ndi ena), Mathithi Aakulu, Rainbow Falls (apamwamba kwambiri) ndi Eastern Cataract.
+
+Zolemba 
+Victoria Falls
+Tsiku la Chikumbutso cha Dziko (Khmer: ទិវាជាតិនៃការចងចាំ, romanized: Tivea Cheate nei kar Changcham), lomwe kale linkatchedwa National Day of Hatred, lomwe limachitika pachaka pa Meyi 20, ku Cambodia. Imakumbukira kuphedwa kwa anthu ku Cambodia kwa boma la Khmer Rouge lomwe lidalamulira dzikolo pakati pa 1975 ndi 1979. Linakhala tchuthi chadziko lonse mu 2018.
+
+Dzina lachingerezi loti 'Tsiku Lachidani' silinamasuliridwe molakwika. Dzina la Khmer, litakhazikitsidwa mu 1983, linali ទិវាចងកំហឹង - Ti Veer Jrong Komhuoeng ('Tsiku la Kukwiya Kwambiri'). Dzinali litha kumasuliridwanso kuti 'Tsiku Losunga Ukali'.
+
+Mbiriyakale 
+'Tsiku Lachidani Ladziko Lapansi' linakhazikitsidwa koyamba ku People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) pa May 20, 1984. Chikumbutsocho chinayambika ndi msonkhano wa pa September 12, 1983, ku Phnom Penh wa anthu pafupifupi 300 anzeru ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Tsikuli lidasankhidwa kuyambira pomwe lidayamba kupha anthu ambiri ku Democratic Kampuchea pa Meyi 20, 1975. Linalinso tsiku lomwe gulu la Khmer Rouge lidayambitsa gulu lokakamiza kumwera kwa Takéo mu 1973.
+
+Ku PRK, mutu wonse wa chochitikacho unali 'Tsiku Lachidani motsutsana ndi gulu lopha anthu a Pol Pot-Ieng Sary-Khieu Samphan ndi magulu a Sihanouk-Son Sann reactionary'. Tsiku la Udani Ladziko Lonse linali tchuthi lofunika kwambiri mu PRK, ndipo Kampuchean United Front for National Construction and Defense inasonkhanitsa mabungwe ambiri a Kampuchean kuti awonetsetse kuti anthu ambiri atenga nawo mbali.
+
+Mu PRK, ndondomeko za United States (zotchedwa imperialist) ndi People's Republic of China (zotchedwa expansionist) zinalinso zolinga zakusakonda pa Tsiku la Udani. Msonkhano wa 1983 unanena kuti cholinga cha National Day of Hatred chinali kusonkhanitsa maganizo a anthu padziko lonse kuti atsutsane ndi a Khmer Rouge, ogwirizana nawo ndi owathandiza akunja. Makamaka, nkhani yoimira Boma la Coalition of Democratic Kampuchea ku United Nations idawonetsedwa.
+
+M'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, Tsiku la Udani Ladziko Lonse linkadziwika ndi malankhulidwe amoto komanso kuwotchedwa kwa mapepala a Pol Pot. M'zaka za PRK, Tsiku Lachidani Ladziko Lonse lidayimira malo amodzi ochepa kwambiri kwa ozunzidwa ndi Khmer Rouge kuti akambirane poyera zomwe adakumana nazo kuyambira nthawi ya Democratic Kampuchea. Komanso, chochitikacho chinapereka malo owonjezereka kwa mabungwe achipembedzo (monga akachisi a Buddhist) kuti agwire ntchito.
+
+Panthawi ya UNTAC, Tsiku Lachidani Ladziko Lonse lidayikidwa pampando pomwe olamulira a UN adafuna kuphatikizira a Khmer Rouge mu ndale. Pambuyo pake m’ma 1990, tsikuli linatsitsimutsidwa. Mu 2001, mwambowu unatchedwa 'Tsiku la Chikumbutso'.
+
+Tsiku la Udani Wadziko Lonse likadalibe chizindikiro ku Cambodia, ngakhale kuti zikumbutso ndi zazing'ono lero. Popeza kuti magulu a zigawenga a Khmer Rouge otsalawo anapatukana kwambiri, Tsiku la Udani Wadziko Lonse linasiya kutchuka. Zikumbukiro zidakalipo, monga maseŵero a zisudzo zapagulu za nyengo ya Khmer Rouge. Chipani cha Cambodian People's Party (kubadwa kwamakono kwa KPRP, chipani cholamulira ku PRK) chikuchitabe chikumbutso cha Tsiku la Udani Wadziko Lonse, nthawi zambiri kukumbutsa anthu a ku Cambodia za maulalo a Khmer Rouge kuyambira m'ma 1980 a zipani zotsutsa zamakono. Municipality ya Phnom Penh yakhazikitsa mwambo wokonzekera kuyendera minda ya Choeung Ek, komwe kumachita miyambo ya Chibuda.
+
+Zolemba 
+Cambodia
+Peter Michael Nicholas (Meyi 16, 1941 – Meyi 14, 2022) anali wochita bizinesi waku America komanso wothandiza anthu. Adakhazikitsanso kampani yopanga zida zamankhwala Boston Scientific ndi mnzake John Abele mu 1979.
+
+Moyo wakuubwana 
+Nicholas anabadwira ku Portsmouth, New Hampshire, pa May 16, 1941. Iye anali wachiwiri mwa ana anayi a Nicholas Nicholas ndi Vrysula (Coucouvitis), onse aŵiri amene anasamukira ku Untied States kuchokera ku Greece. Abambo ake anali msilikali wa asilikali a ku United States ndipo adatumikira pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Nicholas adapita kusukulu ya St. Ngakhale kuti anavomerezedwa ku United States Naval Academy, sanapambane mayeso akuthupi chifukwa cha maso ake. Kenako adalandira kuvomerezedwa mochedwa ku Yunivesite ya Duke, atamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1964. Atatha kutumikira mu Navy ya U.S. monga mkulu wa zolankhulana pa USS Lookout ndi membala wa gulu lapadera lankhondo lankhondo kwa zaka ziwiri, adachita maphunziro apamwamba pa Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, kupeza Master of Business Administration mu 1968.
+
+Ntchito 
+Nicholas anayamba kugwira ntchito kwa Eli Lilly and Company mu malonda, malonda, ndi kasamalidwe kwa zaka khumi kuchokera ku 1968 mpaka 1978. Pambuyo pake adakhala woyang'anira wamkulu wa gawo la mankhwala a mankhwala a Millipore Corporation.
+
+Nicholas anakumana koyamba ndi wasayansi John Abele pa phwando la Khirisimasi ku Concord mu 1979. Womalizayo anali pulezidenti wa Meditech panthawiyo. Adabwereka $800,000 kuti ayambitse Boston Scientific, wopanga zida zamankhwala. Anathandizira kukulitsa kampaniyo kudzera muzinthu zingapo zogula mwanzeru. Nicholas adakhala ngati wamkulu wamkulu wa kampaniyo mpaka 1999, pomwe adakhala wapampando wa board. Adapitilizabe udindowu mpaka pomwe adapuma pantchito mu 2016.
+
+Nicholas anali Chairman Emeritus wa Duke Board of Trustees. Adayikidwa pa #78 ndi mndandanda wa Forbes magazine wa 2005 wa "The 400 Richest Americans", wokhala ndi ndalama zokwana $4 biliyoni, asanamalize #189 chaka chotsatira. Nicholas anali m'modzi mwa anthu asanu ndi awiri achi Greek aku America omwe adapezeka pamndandanda womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa.
+
+Banja la Nicholas linapereka ndalama zokwana madola 20 miliyoni ku yunivesite ya Duke ku 1996 ku Sukulu ya Zachilengedwe, yomwe pambuyo pake inatchanso sukuluyo ulemu wake. Mu 2000, Nicholas adalandira mendulo yaulemu ya Ellis Island. Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, Nicholas ndi mkazi wake anapanganso lonjezo lina lalikulu kwa Duke lokwana $72 miliyoni. $ 70 miliyoni ya zoperekazo zinali zopita ku Nicholas School of the Environment, pomwe $ 2 miliyoni anali kupita ku Perkins Library. Anatumikira pa Board of Advisors ya Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions, yomwe adakhazikitsa.
+
+Moyo waumwini 
+Nicholas anakwatira Virginia (Ginny) Lilly, mbadwa ya Eli Lilly, mu 1964, atangomaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ya Duke. Anakumana pamene akuphunzira ku bungweli, ndipo adakwatirana mpaka imfa yake. Onse pamodzi, anali ndi ana atatu: Peter Jr., J.K., ndi Katherine. Onse atatu adamaliza maphunziro a Duke, komanso mdzukulu wawo m'modzi.
+
+Nicholas anamwalira pa Meyi 14, 2022, kunyumba kwake ku Boca Grande, Florida. Anali ndi zaka 80, ndipo anadwala khansa asanamwalire.
+
+Kuzindikiridwa 
+
+ Mphotho ya Golden Plate ya American Academy of Achievement, 1997
+ Phoenix Lifetime Achievement Award
+ Ellis Island Mendulo ya Ulemu, 2000
+ AdvaMed Lifetime Achievement Award, 2016
+
+Zolemba 
+1941 Kubadwa
+2022 imfa
+Nkhondo ya Heraklion inali mbali ya nkhondo ya ku Krete, yomwe inamenyedwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pa chilumba cha Greek cha Crete pakati pa 20 ndi 30 May 1941. British, Australia ndi Greek asilikali a 14 Infantry Brigade, olamulidwa ndi Brigadier Brian Chappel, adateteza doko la Heraklion. ndi bwalo la ndege polimbana ndi kuwukira kwa paratrooper waku Germany ndi 1st Parachute Regiment of the 7th Air Division, motsogozedwa ndi Colonel Bruno Bräuer.
+
+Kuukira kwa Heraklion masana a 20 May kunali chimodzi mwa zigawenga zinayi za ndege ku Krete tsiku lomwelo, kutsatira kuukira kwa Germany motsutsana ndi Maleme airfield ndi doko lalikulu la Chania kumadzulo kwa Krete m'mawa. Ndege yomwe idagwetsa owukira m'mawa idayenera kusiya Gulu la 1st ku Heraklion pambuyo pake tsiku lomwelo. Chisokonezo ndi kuchedwa pa mabwalo a ndege ku mainland Greece kunatanthauza kuti chiwembucho chinayambika popanda thandizo lachindunji la mpweya, ndi maola angapo osati nthawi imodzi; mayunitsi ena anali akadali pabwalo la ndege kumapeto kwa tsiku. Magulu achijeremani omwe amagwera pafupi ndi Heraklion adavulala kwambiri, chifukwa cha moto wapansi komanso pakutera. Awo amene anatsikira kutali analepheretsedwa kwambiri ndi anthu wamba a ku Kerete okhala ndi zida. Kuukira koyamba kwa Germany kunalephera; pamene idakonzedwanso tsiku lotsatira idalepheranso. Kenako ndewuyo inathera pompo.
+
+Gulu lankhondo la German 5th Mountain Division liyenera kulimbikitsa asilikali a paratroopers ku Heraklion panyanja, kubweretsa zida zankhondo ndi mfuti zotsutsana ndi ndege. Idachedwa panjira, idapatutsidwa ku Maleme, kenaka idalandidwa ndi gulu lankhondo lankhondo la Britain ndikubalalika. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa ku Germany, Lieutenant-General Kurt Student, adaika ndalama zonse pankhondo ya Maleme airfield, yomwe Ajeremani adapambana. The Allied Commander-in-Chief Middle East, General Archibald Wavell, adalamula kuti achoke ku Crete pa 27 May ndipo 14th Brigade inachotsedwa ndi zombo zankhondo za Allied usiku wa 28/29 May. Pobwerera ku Alexandria owononga awiri adamizidwa, oyenda panyanja awiri adawonongeka kwambiri, opitilira 440 Allied servicemen adaphedwa, opitilira 250 adavulala ndipo 165 adatengedwa akaidi. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwawo kwakukulu ku Krete, Ajeremani sanayesenso ntchito zazikulu za ndege pa nthawi ya nkhondo.
+
+Zolemba 
+Nkhondo ya ku Krete
+Nkhondo ya ku Krete (Chijeremani: Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta, komanso Unternehmen Merkur, "Operation Mercury", Greek: Μάχη της Κρήτης) inamenyedwa panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse pachilumba cha Greece cha Krete. Zinayamba m’maŵa wa pa 20 May 1941, pamene chipani cha Nazi Germany chinayamba kuukira Krete ndi ndege. Agiriki ndi magulu ena ankhondo a Allied, pamodzi ndi anthu wamba a ku Kerete, anateteza chisumbucho. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ya tsiku limodzi, Ajeremani anavulazidwa kwambiri ndipo asilikali a Allied anali otsimikiza kuti agonjetsa nkhondoyo. Tsiku lotsatira, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa kuyankhulana, kukayikira kwa Allied tactical, ndi ntchito zonyansa za ku Germany, Maleme Airfield kumadzulo kwa Crete inagwa, zomwe zinapangitsa Ajeremani kuti azitha kulimbitsa dziko ndikugonjetsa malo otetezera kumpoto kwa chilumbachi. Asilikali ogwirizana adabwerera kugombe lakumwera. Oposa theka adasamutsidwa ndi British Royal Navy ndipo otsalawo adagonja kapena adalowa nawo ku Krete. Chitetezo cha Krete chinasintha kukhala mgwirizano wamtengo wapatali wa panyanja; pofika kumapeto kwa ndawala mphamvu ya Royal Navy kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean inali itachepetsedwa kukhala zombo ziwiri zokha zankhondo ndi atatu apanyanja.
+
+Nkhondo ya ku Krete inali nthawi yoyamba yomwe Fallschirmjäger (ankhondo aku Germany) adagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka, kuukira koyamba kwandege m'mbiri yankhondo, nthawi yoyamba yomwe Allies adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri luntha kuchokera ku mauthenga obisika a Germany kuchokera ku makina a Enigma, komanso koyamba. Pa nthawiyi, asilikali a Germany analimbana ndi anthu wamba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ovulala komanso chikhulupiliro choti magulu ankhondo a ndege sakhalanso ndi mwayi wodabwitsa, Adolf Hitler sanafune kuvomera kuti achitenso ntchito zazikulu zandege, m'malo mwake kugwiritsa ntchito ma paratroopers ngati asitikali apansi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Allies anachita chidwi ndi kuthekera kwa paratroopers ndipo anayamba kupanga airborne-assault ndi airfield-defence regiments.
+
+Zolemba
+Kevin De Bruyne (wobadwa 29 June 1991) ndi wosewera mpira waku Belgian yemwe amasewera osewera pakati pa Premier League kilabu ya Manchester City ndi timu ya dziko la Belgium. Amadziwika kuti ndi m'modzi mwa osewera abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo akatswiri amamufotokozera kuti ndi "wosewera mpira wathunthu".
+
+De Bruyne adayamba ntchito yake ku Genk, komwe adasewera nthawi zonse pomwe adapambana 2010-11 Belgian Pro League. Mu 2012 adalowa nawo gulu lachingerezi Chelsea, komwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono ndikubwereketsa ku Werder Bremen. Adasaina ndi Wolfsburg pamtengo wa £18 million mu 2014, komwe adadzipanga kukhala m'modzi mwa osewera abwino kwambiri mu Bundesliga ndipo adathandizira kupambana kwatimuyi mu 2014-15 DFB-Pokal. M'chilimwe cha 2015 De Bruyne adalumikizana ndi Manchester City pamtengo wa £54 miliyoni. Kuyambira pamenepo wapambana maudindo anayi a Premier League, League Cups asanu ndi FA Cup ndi kilabu. Mu 2017-18 adatengapo gawo lalikulu pa mbiri ya Manchester City kukhala timu yokhayo ya Premier League yomwe idapeza mapointi 100 munyengo imodzi. Mu 2019-20 De Bruyne adamanga mbiri ya othandizira ambiri mu Premier League ndipo adapatsidwa Player of the Season (yomwe adapambananso mu 2021-22).
+
+De Bruyne adayamba kuwonekera padziko lonse lapansi mu 2010, ndipo adasewera masewera opitilira 80 ndikugoletsa zigoli 23 ku Belgium. Anali membala wa magulu a Belgian omwe adafika kumapeto kwa kotala pa 2014 FIFA World Cup ndi UEFA Euro 2016. Iye adayimira Belgium pa 2018 FIFA World Cup, kumene Belgium inagonjetsa malo achitatu otsutsana ndi England. ndipo adatchulidwa mu FIFA World Cup Dream Team.
+
+De Bruyne wasankhidwa mu UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season ndi IFFHS Men's World Team kanayi gulu lililonse, UEFA Team of the Year ndi ESM Team of the Year katatu aliyense, France Football World XI, ndi Bundesliga. Team of the Year. Wapambananso Premier League Playmaker of the Season kawiri, PFA Players' Player of the Year kawiri, Manchester City's Player of the Year kanayi, UEFA Champions League Midfielder of the Season, Bundesliga Player of the Year, Footballer. of the Year (Germany), Belgian Sportsman of the Year ndi IFFHS World's Best Playmaker kawiri.
+1991 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Premier League, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti English Premier League (dzina lovomerezeka: The Football Association Premier League Limited), ndiye mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri wamasewera a mpira waku England. Imatsutsidwa ndi makalabu 20, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yokwezera ndi kutsika ndi English Soccer League (EFL). Nyengo zimayambira mu Ogasiti mpaka Meyi timu iliyonse ikusewera machesi 38 (kusewera matimu ena onse 19 kunyumba ndi kwina). Masewera ambiri amaseweredwa Loweruka ndi Lamlungu masana.
+
+Mpikisanowu unakhazikitsidwa ngati FA Premier League pa 20 February 1992 kutsatira lingaliro la makalabu mu Soccer League First Division kuti achoke mu Soccer League, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1888, ndikupezerapo mwayi pakugulitsa kwaufulu wa kanema wawayilesi ku Sky. Kuchokera mu 2019 mpaka 2020, mabizinesi omwe adapeza pawailesi yakanema adapeza ndalama zokwana £3.1 biliyoni pachaka, Sky ndi BT Group zikukhala ndi ufulu wakuwulutsa masewera 128 ndi 32 motsatana. Premier League ndi bungwe lomwe mkulu wamkulu Richard Masters ali ndi udindo woyang'anira, pomwe makalabu omwe ali mamembala amakhala ngati eni ake. Makalabu adagawidwa ndalama zokwana £2.4 biliyoni mu 2016–17, ndi ndalama zokwana £343 miliyoni zolipirira mgwirizano ku makalabu a English Football League (EFL).
+
+Premier League ndi ligi yowonedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, imawulutsidwa m'magawo 212 kunyumba 643 miliyoni komanso anthu 4.7 mabiliyoni akhoza kuonerera. M'nyengo ya 2018-19, opezekapo pamasewera a Premier League anali 38,181, wachiwiri kwa 43,500 wa Bundesliga waku Germany, pomwe opezeka nawo pamasewera onse ndiwokwera kwambiri pamasewera aliwonse ampira wampikisano pa 14,508,981. Masitediyamu ambiri amakhala pafupi ndi kuchuluka kwake. Premier League imakhala yoyamba mu UEFA coefficients of leagues malinga ndi machitidwe a mpikisano wa ku Ulaya m'zaka zisanu zapitazi monga 2021. Kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwa Chingerezi kwatulutsa chiwerengero chachiwiri cha UEFA Champions League / European Cup maudindo, ndi English English. makalabu omwe apambana zikho khumi ndi zinayi zaku Europe zonse.
+
+Makalabu makumi asanu adapikisana kuyambira pomwe Premier League idakhazikitsidwa mu 1992: makalabu makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi atatu achingerezi ndi makalabu awiri aku Wales. Asanu ndi awiri mwa iwo apambana mpikisano: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (6), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) ndi Liverpool (1).
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Premier league
+Manchester City Football Club ndi kalabu ya mpira waku England yomwe ili ku Bradford, Manchester yomwe imapikisana mu Premier League, yomwe ili pamwamba pa mpira waku England. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1880 monga St. Mark's (West Gorton), idakhala Ardwick Association Football Club mu 1887 ndipo Manchester City mu 1894. Malo a gululi ndi Etihad Stadium kummawa kwa Manchester, komwe adasamukira ku 2003, atasewera ku Maine Road. kuyambira 1923. Gululi lidatengera malaya awo aku sky blue home mu 1894. Ndi kalabu yachisanu yochita bwino kwambiri mu mpira wachingerezi.
+
+Manchester City inalowa mu Football League mu 1892, ndipo inapambana ulemu wawo woyamba, FA Cup, mu 1904. Gululi linapambana kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndikugonjetsa League, European Cup Winners Cup, FA Cup ndi League Cup pansi pa oyang'anira a Joe Mercer ndi Malcolm Allison. Atagonja mu Fainali ya FA Cup ya 1981, timuyi idatsika kwambiri, zomwe zidafika pachimake pagulu lachitatu la mpira waku England kwanthawi yokhayo m'mbiri yake mu 1998. akhalabe mu Premier League kuyambira pamenepo.
+
+Kalabuyo idalandira ndalama zochulukirapo kwa osewera komanso zida zosewerera pambuyo kulanda kwawo ndi Sheikh Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan kudzera mu Gulu la Abu Dhabi United mu 2008, ndikupambana FA Cup mu 2011 ndi Premier League mu 2012, kutsatiridwa ndi mutu wina wa League mu 2014. Motsogozedwa ndi Pep Guardiola, City idapambana Premier League mu 2018, kukhala gulu lokhalo la Premier League kuti lipeze mfundo za 100 mu nyengo imodzi. Mu 2019, adapambana zikho zinayi, kumaliza kusesa kwa zikho zonse zapakhomo ku England ndikukhala gulu loyamba lachingerezi kupambana katatu. Kuphatikiza pa kupambana mutu wachitatu wa Premier League mu nthawi ya Guardiola, City idafika komaliza kwa European Cup mu 2021, komwe idagonja ndi Chelsea. Mu 2022, City idapambana Premier League nthawi yachinayi m'zaka zisanu zodziwika chifukwa cha mpikisano wawo ndi Liverpool F.C.; ziwiri mwa nyengo zinayizo zinali zolamulidwa ndi matimu, ndipo iliyonse idakwanitsa mapointi osachepera 90 pamayimidwe omaliza a League, ndipo City idapambana ndi mfundo imodzi nthawi zonse ziwiri.
+
+Ndalama za Manchester City zinali zachisanu mwa kilabu ya mpira padziko lonse lapansi mu 2018-19 ndi €568.4 miliyoni. Mu 2019, Forbes akuti kalabuyo inali yachisanu padziko lonse lapansi pamtengo wa $2.69 biliyoni, Kalabuyo ndi ya City Football Group Limited, kampani yaku Britain yamtengo wapatali ya $3.73 (US$4.8) biliyoni mu Novembala 2019.
+
+Zolemba 
+Mabungwe osewerera mpira ku Manchester
+Manchester United Football Club ndi kalabu ya mpira waukatswiri yomwe ili ku Old Trafford ku Manchester, England. Kalabuyo imapikisana mu Premier League, gawo lalikulu mu ligi ya mpira waku England. Anatchedwa Red Devils, adakhazikitsidwa ngati Newton Heath LYR Football Club mu 1878, koma adasintha dzina lake kukhala Manchester United mu 1902. Gululi linachoka ku Newton Heath kupita ku sitediyamu yomwe ilipo, Old Trafford, mu 1910.
+
+Manchester United ndi imodzi mwa makalabu ochita bwino kwambiri mu mpira waku England, yomwe idapambana mbiri 20 League, 12 FA Cups, League Cups asanu, komanso mbiri 21 FA Community Shields. Apambananso European Cup/UEFA Champions League katatu, ndi UEFA Europa League, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, UEFA Super Cup, Intercontinental Cup ndi FIFA Club World Cup kamodzi. Mu 1968, motsogozedwa ndi Matt Busby, patatha zaka 10 osewera asanu ndi atatu a kilabu ataphedwa pa ngozi ya ndege ya Munich, adakhala gulu loyamba la Chingerezi kupambana European Cup. Alex Ferguson ndi manejala wa timuyi yemwe wakhala kwanthawi yayitali komanso wochita bwino kwambiri, wapambana zikho 38, kuphatikiza maudindo 13 a ligi, 5 FA Cups, ndi maudindo 2 a UEFA Champions League pakati pa 1986 ndi 2013. Mu nyengo ya 1998-99, pansi pa Ferguson, gululi lidakhala. woyamba m'mbiri ya mpira waku England kuti akwaniritse ma trible aku Europe a Premier League, FA Cup, ndi UEFA Champions League. Popambana UEFA Europa League motsogozedwa ndi José Mourinho mu 2016-17, mpikisano waposachedwa kwambiri ndi kalabu, adakhalanso m'modzi mwa makalabu asanu omwe adapambana mipikisano yayikulu yamakalabu a UEFA (Champions League, Europa League ndi Cup Winners. 'Kopu).
+
+Manchester United ndi imodzi mwamatimu ampira omwe amathandizidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amapikisana ndi Liverpool, Manchester City, Arsenal ndi Leeds United. Manchester United ndiyo inali kalabu yopeza ndalama zambiri padziko lonse lapansi mchaka cha 2016–17, ndipo inkalandira ndalama zokwana €676.3 miliyoni pachaka, komanso gulu la mpira lachitatu padziko lonse lofunika kwambiri mu 2019, lamtengo wake wokwana £3.15 biliyoni ($3.81 biliyoni). Itatha kuyandama pa London Stock Exchange mu 1991, kalabuyo idatengedwa mwachinsinsi mu 2005 itagulidwa ndi wabizinesi waku America Malcolm Glazer yamtengo pafupifupi $800 miliyoni, pomwe ndalama zoposera zobwereka zokwana £500 miliyoni zidakhala ngongole ya kilabu. Kuchokera ku 2012, magawo ena a gululi adalembedwa ku New York Stock Exchange, ngakhale kuti banja la Glazer limakhalabe ndi umwini ndi ulamuliro wa gululo.
+
+Zolemba 
+Mabungwe osewerera mpira ku Manchester
+Old Trafford ndi dera la Stretford ku Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, mailosi awiri (3.2 km) kumwera chakumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Manchester. Imafotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi zipata ziwiri zakale; Brooks Bar ndi Trafford Bar, kummawa ndi kumadzulo.
+
+Old Trafford ndiye malo a Old Trafford Cricket Ground, kwawo kwa Lancashire County Cricket Club, ndi bwalo la mpira la Old Trafford, kwawo kwa Manchester United F.C., kumalekezero a Brian Statham Way (omwe kale anali Warwick Road) ndi Sir Matt Busby Way (omwe kale anali Warwick). Road North). Msewu wapakati pawo uli ndi dzina lakuti Warwick Road, ndipo mbali ya kum’mwera mbali ina ya Metrolink ndi Warwick Road South.
+
+Mbiriyakale 
+Old Trafford inali malo owoloka mtsinje wa Irwell kalelo. Dzinalo Old Trafford mwina limachokera ku nthawi yomwe kunali Nyumba ziwiri za Trafford, Old Trafford Hall ndi New Trafford Hall. Holo yakaleyo inali pafupi ndi malo omwe masiku ano amatchedwa White City Retail Park, ndipo akuti inali nyumba ya banja la a de Trafford kuyambira 1017, mpaka banja litasamukira ku holo yatsopano yomwe tsopano imatchedwa Trafford Park, nthawi ina pakati pa 1672. ndi 1720. Dzina la dera lozungulira Old Trafford Hall likhoza kufupikitsidwa kukhala Old Trafford. Holo yakaleyo inagwetsedwa mu 1939.
+
+M'zaka za m'ma 1820, wasayansi wa Manchester John Dalton anasankha Old Trafford ngati malo a Royal Horticultural and Botanical Gardens chifukwa cha mpweya wake waukhondo, wosaipitsidwa, ndipo anayamba kuyanjana ndi malowa ndi masewera ndi zosangalatsa. Kutchuka kwa minda yamaluwa, yomwe inali yofanana ndi The Crystal Palace, inachititsa anthu olemera kumanga nyumba zazikulu m'deralo. Mu 1857, komanso mu 1887, minda inapanga ziwonetsero za chuma chamtengo wapatali, zomwe kale zinali mbali ya Art Treasure Exhibition ndipo zomalizirazo pokondwerera chikondwerero chasiliva cha Mfumukazi Victoria. Gulu la Orchestra la Halé linakhazikitsidwa kuti lichite nawo gawo loyamba la ziwonetserozi. Malo a minda yamaluwa adagulidwa ndi White City Limited mu 1907, ndipo pambuyo pake adakhala malo osangalatsa, ngakhale dzinali limakhala mumsewu wotchedwa Botanical Gardens. Kuyambira m'ma 1950 mpaka m'ma 1970, White City Stadium idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njanji ya greyhound komanso mpikisano wamagalimoto. Tsambali tsopano ndi White City Retail Park. Khomo lakutsogolo ndilo zonse zomwe zasungidwa m'minda yakale ya botanical. Chapafupi, pamalo omwe tsopano ndi Likulu la Apolisi a Greater Manchester, panali bungwe la Henshaw Institute for the Blind, lomwe poyamba linatsegulidwa monga Henshaw's Blind Asylum mu 1837. Pafupi ndi malo omwewo panali Royal Institute for the Deaf, kumene filimu Mandy. anapangidwa.
+
+Old Trafford idakula ndikukhala tawuni pambuyo pomangidwa kwa Manchester Ship Canal m'ma 1890s, komanso chitukuko chotsatira cha Trafford Park Industrial Estate, koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20. Trafford Park idapereka ntchito kwa anthu masauzande ambiri amderalo. Ntchito zinaperekedwanso pang'ono, makamaka ndi njanji (Trafford Park sheed yokha inali ndi antchito opitilira 300), Jams a Duerr, Vimto, Arkady Soya Mill ndi Ludwig Oppenheimer Mosaics. Royal Army Medical Corps ndi Territorial Army ali ndi maziko okhazikika m'derali.
+
+M'zaka za m'ma 1960 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, malo a malo ocheperako adagwetsedwa. Komabe, kulephera kwa konkriti ku Hulme, anthu okhala ku Old Trafford adakonda kukonzanso kuposa kugwetsa. Chifukwa chake, m'derali muli misewu yambiri ya Victorian.
+
+Pofika m’chaka cha 1985, ntchito ku Trafford Park inali itatsika kufika pa 24,500, pamene ulova kumpoto chakumadzulo kunakwera kwambiri kuposa 30 peresenti m’madera ena apakati pa mizinda. Kufupi ndi Manchester Docks, yomwe inalinso gwero lalikulu la ntchito zapakhomo, inatsekedwa mu 1982. Monga Salford Quays yotsitsimutsidwa yakhala chizindikiro cha kubadwanso kwa Manchester mwambiri.
+Malo
+Old Trafford ndi bwalo la mpira ku Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, England, komanso kwawo kwa Manchester United. Ndili ndi mipando 74,140, ​​ndiye bwalo lalikulu kwambiri la mpira wampira (komanso bwalo lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa Wembley Stadium) ku United Kingdom, komanso la khumi ndi chimodzi ku Europe. Ndi pafupifupi ma 0.5 miles (800 m) kuchokera ku Old Trafford Cricket Ground ndi moyandikana ndi tram stop.
+
+Wotchedwa "Theatre of Dreams" wolemba Bobby Charlton, Old Trafford wakhala nyumba yaku United kuyambira 1910, ngakhale kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1949 kalabuyo idagawana Maine Road ndi osewera aku Manchester City chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa bomba pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Old Trafford idakulitsidwa kangapo m'ma 1990 ndi 2000s, kuphatikiza kuwonjezera magawo owonjezera ku North, West ndi East Stands, pafupifupi kubwezera bwaloli pamalo pomwe anali 80,000. Kukula kwamtsogolo kuyenera kuphatikizira kuwonjezera gawo lachiwiri ku South Stand, komwe kungakweze anthu pafupifupi 88,000. Chiwerengero cha opezeka pabwaloli chidachitika mu 1939, pomwe owonerera 76,962 adawonera semi final ya FA Cup pakati pa Wolverhampton Wanderers ndi Grimsby Town.
+
+Old Trafford adachita nawo Fainali ya FA Cup, zobwereza ziwiri zomaliza ndipo nthawi zonse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osalowerera nawo gawo lomaliza la mpikisano. Yakhalanso ndi masewero a England, machesi pa World Cup 1966, Euro 96 ndi 2012 Summer Olympics, kuphatikizapo mpira wapadziko lonse wa amayi kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yake, ndi 2003 Champions League Final. Kunja kwa mpira, kwakhala komwe kumachitikira Super League Grand Final yapachaka ya rugby League chaka chilichonse kupatula 2020, komanso komaliza kwa Rugby League 
+
+World Cups mu 2000 ndi 2013.
+
+Zolemba
+Bitcoin (₿) ndi ndalama za digito zomwe zitha kusamutsidwa pa intaneti ya anzawo ndi anzawo. [7] Zochita za Bitcoin zimatsimikiziridwa ndi ma netiweki kudzera pa cryptography ndikujambulidwa mu buku lofalitsidwa ndi anthu lotchedwa blockchain. The cryptocurrency anatulukira mu 2008 ndi munthu osadziwika kapena gulu la anthu ntchito dzina Satoshi Nakamoto.[10] Ndalamayi idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2009[11] pomwe kukhazikitsidwa kwake kudatulutsidwa ngati pulogalamu yotseguka. [6]: ch. 1
+
+Bitcoins amapangidwa ngati mphotho ya njira yotchedwa migodi. Atha kusinthidwa ndi ndalama zina, zogulitsa, ndi ntchito zina. Bitcoin yadzudzulidwa chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zoletsedwa, kuchuluka kwa magetsi (ndipo motero mpweya wa carbon) womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi migodi, kusinthasintha kwamtengo wapatali, ndi kuba kwa kusinthanitsa. Osunga ndalama ena ndi akatswiri azachuma amaziwonetsa ngati zongopeka nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
+
+Bitcoin, wakhala akufotokozedwa ngati kuwira chuma kuwira ndi osachepera asanu ndi atatu Nobel Memorial Prize mu Economic Sciences.[12] Atolankhani, akatswiri azachuma, osunga ndalama, ndi banki yayikulu ya Estonia anena kuti bitcoin ndi dongosolo la Ponzi. [13] [14] [15] [16]
+
+Mawu akuti bitcoin adatanthauzidwa mu pepala loyera lofalitsidwa pa 31 October 2008. [4] [17] Ndi kuphatikiza kwa mawu akuti bit ndi coin.[18] Palibe yunifolomu msonkhano wa bitcoin capitalization alipo; Magwero ena amagwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin, capitalized, kunena zaukadaulo ndi maukonde ndi bitcoin, lowercase, kwa unit of account.[19] The Wall Street Journal, [20] The Chronicle of Higher Education, [21] ndi Oxford English Dictionary [18] amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin zilembo zing'onozing'ono nthawi zonse.
+
+Maboma angapo am'deralo ndi amayiko akugwiritsa ntchito Bitcoin mwanjira ina, ndi mayiko awiri, El Salvador ndi Central African Republic, akutenga ngati njira yovomerezeka.
+
+Mayunitsi ndi kugawanika
+
+Chigawo cha akaunti ya bitcoin system ndi bitcoin. Ndalama zoyimira bitcoin ndi BTC[a] ndi XBT.[b][25]: 2  Khalidwe lake la Unicode ndi ₿.[1] bitcoin imodzi imagawidwa ndi malo asanu ndi atatu. [6]: ch. 5  Mayunitsi a tinthu tating'ono ta bitcoin ndi millibitcoin (mBTC), yofanana ndi 1⁄1000 bitcoin, ndi satoshi (sat), lomwe ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo limatchulidwa polemekeza Mlengi wa bitcoin, kuimira 1⁄100000000 (zana. miliyoni) bitcoin [2] 100,000 satoshis ndi mBTC imodzi.[26]
+
+Blockchain
+
+Mapangidwe a data a midadada mu leja.
+
+Chiwerengero chazomwe zimachitika pa bitcoin pamwezi, chiwembu cha semilogarithmic[27]
+
+Chiwerengero cha zotsatira zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito[28]
+The bitcoin blockchain ndi buku la anthu lomwe limalemba zochitika za bitcoin.[29] Imakhazikitsidwa ngati midadada yotsatizana, chipika chilichonse chokhala ndi ma cryptographic hashi ya block yapitayo mpaka ku block ya genesis[c] mu unyolo. Maukonde olumikizirana omwe amayendetsa mapulogalamu a bitcoin amasunga blockchain.[30]: 215–219  Kusinthana kwa fomu yolipira X imatumiza ma bitcoins a Y kwa wolipidwa Z amawulutsidwa ku netiweki iyi pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka mosavuta.
+
+Ma node a netiweki amatha kutsimikizira zomwe zachitika, kuziwonjezera pamakope awo, kenako ndikuwulutsa zowonjezera zaleji ku ma node ena. Kuti tikwaniritse kutsimikizira paokha unyolo wa umwini aliyense maukonde mfundo amasunga buku lake la blockchain.[31] Pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za nthawi yofikira mphindi iliyonse ya 10, gulu latsopano la zochitika zovomerezeka, lotchedwa chipika, limapangidwa, likuwonjezeredwa ku blockchain, ndipo limafalitsidwa mwamsanga ku ma node onse, osafuna kuyang'anira pakati. Izi zimalola mapulogalamu a bitcoin kuti adziwe nthawi yomwe bitcoin inayake idagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimafunika kupewa kuwononga kawiri. A ledger ochiritsira amalemba kusamutsidwa kwa mabilu enieni kapena zolemba zamalonda zomwe zilipo popanda izo, koma blockchain ndi malo okhawo omwe bitcoins anganene kuti alipo mu mawonekedwe a zotuluka zosagwiritsidwa ntchito zamalonda.[6]: ch. 5
+
+midadada aliyense, maadiresi onse ndi zochitika mkati midadada akhoza kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito blockchain wofufuza.
+
+Zochita
+Onaninso: Bitcoin network
+Zochita zimatanthauzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha Forth-like scripting.[6]: ch. 5  Zochita zimakhala ndi cholowa chimodzi kapena zingapo komanso zotulutsa chimodzi kapena zingapo. Wogwiritsa ntchito akatumiza ma bitcoins, wogwiritsa ntchito amasankha adilesi iliyonse ndi kuchuluka kwa bitcoin yomwe imatumizidwa ku adilesiyo pazotulutsa. Pofuna kupewa kuwononga kawiri, cholowetsa chilichonse chiyenera kutchula zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kale mu blockchain.[32] Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zolowetsa zambiri kumagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pochita malonda. Popeza kugulitsa kumatha kukhala ndi zotuluka zingapo, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kutumiza ma bitcoins kwa olandila angapo pakuchita kumodzi. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ndalama, kuchuluka kwa zolowa (ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira) zitha kupitilira zomwe zaperekedwa. Zikatero, kutulutsa kowonjezera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kubwezera kusintha kwa wolipira. [32] Ma satoshis aliwonse omwe sanawerengedwe pazotulukapo amakhala ndalama zogulira.[32]
+
+Ngakhale ndalama zolipirira ndi zosankha, ogwira ntchito ku migodi amatha kusankha zomwe akuyenera kukonza ndikuyika patsogolo zomwe zimalipira ndalama zambiri.[32] Ogwira ntchito m'migodi angasankhe zochita kutengera ndalama zomwe amalipira potengera kukula kwawo kosungira, osati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe amalipira ngati chindapusa. Ndalamazi zimayesedwa mu satoshis pa baiti (sat/b). Kukula kwa zochitika kumatengera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zalowetsedwa popanga malondawo, komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zatuluka.[6]: ch. 8
+
+Ma midadada mu blockchain poyamba anali ochepa 32 megabytes kukula. Kuchuluka kwa chipika cha megabyte imodzi kunayambitsidwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto mu 2010. Pambuyo pake malire a kukula kwa chipika cha megabyte imodzi adayambitsa mavuto pakukonza zinthu, monga kuonjezera ndalama zogulira ndi kuchedwa kukonza zochitika. [33] Andreas Antonopoulos wanena kuti Lightning Network ndi njira yothetsera makulitsidwe ndipo amatchula mphezi ngati njira yachiwiri yosanjikiza. [6]: ch. 8
+
+umwini
+
+Unyolo wosavuta wa umwini monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera mu bitcoin whitepaper.[4] M'menemo, kugulitsa kumatha kukhala ndi zolowetsa zambiri komanso zotulutsa zambiri.[32]
+Mu blockchain, ma bitcoins amalembetsedwa ku ma adilesi a bitcoin. Kupanga adilesi ya bitcoin sikungofunika china koma kusankha kiyi yachinsinsi yachinsinsi ndikuyika adilesi yofananira. Kuwerengera uku kutha kuchitika pakagawanika sekondi. Koma m'malo mwake, kupanga kiyi yachinsinsi ya adilesi yomwe yapatsidwa bitcoin, ndizosatheka.[6]: ch. 4  Ogwiritsa amatha kuuza ena kapena kuyika pagulu adilesi ya bitcoin popanda kusokoneza chinsinsi chake chachinsinsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa makiyi achinsinsi ovomerezeka ndi akulu kwambiri kotero kuti ndizokayikitsa kuti wina angawerenge makiyi omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndipo ali ndi ndalama. Kuchuluka kwa makiyi achinsinsi ovomerezeka kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti mphamvu zankhanza zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusokoneza makiyi achinsinsi. Kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito ma bitcoins awo, eni ake ayenera kudziwa chinsinsi chofananira chachinsinsi ndikusaina malondawo [d] Maukonde amatsimikizira siginecha pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yapagulu; kiyi yachinsinsi sinaululidwe.[6]: ch. 5
+
+Ngati chinsinsi chachinsinsi chatayika, maukonde a bitcoin sadzazindikira umboni wina uliwonse wa umwini;[30] ndalamazo zimakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zimatayika. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013 wogwiritsa ntchito wina ananena kuti anataya ma bitcoins 7,500, okwana madola 7.5 miliyoni panthawiyo, pamene mwangozi anataya hard drive yomwe munali kiyi
+ yake yachinsinsi.[36] Pafupifupi 20% ya ma bitcoins onse amakhulupirira kuti atayika - akadakhala nawo
+
+Migodi
+Onaninso: Bitcoin network § Migodi
+
+Ogwira ntchito m'migodi akale a bitcoin ankagwiritsa ntchito ma GPU pamigodi, chifukwa anali oyenererana ndi umboni wa ntchito kuposa ma CPU. [41]
+
+Pambuyo pake ankachita masewera amakumba ma bitcoins ndi tchipisi tapadera za FPGA ndi ASIC. Ma chips omwe ali pachithunzichi atha kutha chifukwa chazovuta.
+
+Masiku ano, makampani amigodi a bitcoin amapereka maofesi ku nyumba ndikugwira ntchito zambiri za hardware zamigodi zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwambiri. [42]
+
+Semi-log chiwembu chazovuta zamigodi [e][28]
+Migodi ndi ntchito yosunga zolembedwa zomwe zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakukonza makompyuta. [f] Ogwira ntchito ku migodi amasunga blockchain kukhala yokhazikika, yokwanira, komanso yosasinthika pogawa mobwerezabwereza zomwe zangochitika kumene ku block, zomwe zimawulutsidwa ku netiweki ndikutsimikiziridwa ndi wolandira. mfundo.[29] Chida chilichonse chimakhala ndi SHA-256 cryptographic hash ya chipika chapitacho, [29] potero amachilumikiza ku chipika chapitacho ndikupatsa blockchain dzina lake.[6]: ch. 7 [29]
+
+Kuti avomerezedwe ndi maukonde ena onse, chipika chatsopano chiyenera kukhala ndi umboni wa ntchito (PoW).[29][g] PoW imafuna kuti ogwira ntchito m'migodi apeze nambala yotchedwa nonce (nambala yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi), kotero kuti pamene chipika zili mwachangu pamodzi ndi nonce, zotsatira zake zimakhala zocheperapo kusiyana ndi chandamale chovuta cha netiweki.[6]: ch. 8  Umboniwu ndi wosavuta kuti node iliyonse pamaneti itsimikizire, koma imatenga nthawi yambiri kuti ipange, ngati kachipangizo kotetezedwa, ochita migodi amayenera kuyesa mitundu ingapo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri kutsatizana kwa miyeso yoyesedwa ndi manambala achilengedwe omwe akukwera: 0 , 1, 2, 3, ...) zotsatira zisanachitike kukhala zochepa kuposa chandamale chovuta. Chifukwa chandamale chovutirapo ndi chaching'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ma hashi wamba a SHA-256, ma block hashi ali ndi ziro zambiri zotsogola[6]: ch. 8  monga tikuwonera pachitsanzo ichi block hash:
+
+000000000000000000590fc0f3eba193a278534220b2b37e9849e1a770ca959
+Mwa kusintha cholinga chovutachi, kuchuluka kwa ntchito yofunikira kuti mupange chipika kungasinthidwe. Ma block 2,016 aliwonse (pafupifupi masiku 14 operekedwa pafupifupi mphindi 10 pa chipika), node amasinthiratu chandamale chovuta kutengera kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwa block block, ndi cholinga chosunga nthawi pakati pa midadada yatsopano mphindi khumi. Mwanjira iyi dongosololi limangotengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamigodi pamaneti. [6]: ch. 8  Pofika Epulo 2022, zimatengera pafupifupi 122 sextillion (122 biliyoni biliyoni) kuyesa kupanga chipika chocheperako kuposa chomwe chavuta. [45] Mawerengedwe a ukuluwu ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera. [46]
+
+Umboni wa ntchito dongosolo, pamodzi ndi unyolo wa midadada, kumapangitsa kusintha blockchain kukhala kovuta kwambiri, monga wowukira ayenera kusintha midadada onse wotsatira kuti kusinthidwa kwa chipika chimodzi kulandiridwa.[47] Pamene midadada yatsopano imakumbidwa nthawi zonse, zovuta zosintha chipika zimawonjezeka pamene nthawi ikupita ndipo chiwerengero cha midadada yotsatira (yotchedwanso zitsimikiziro za chipikacho) chimawonjezeka.[29]
+
+Mphamvu zamakompyuta nthawi zambiri zimasonkhanitsidwa pamodzi ndi dziwe la Mining kuti muchepetse kusiyana kwa ndalama za migodi. Makina opangira migodi nthawi zambiri amayenera kudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali kuti atsimikizire kuchuluka kwa malonda ndi kulandira malipiro. Mu dziwe, onse ogwira ntchito m'migodi amalipidwa nthawi iliyonse pamene seva yogwira nawo ntchito ithetsa chipika. Kulipira kumeneku kumadalira kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomwe wogwira ntchito m'migodi wathandizira kuti apeze chipikacho.[48]
+
+Perekani
+
+Ma bitcoins onse omwe amafalitsidwa. [28]
+The bwino mgodi kupeza chipika latsopano amaloledwa ndi ena onse maukonde kusonkhanitsa ndalama zonse wotuluka kuchokera wotuluka iwo m'gulu chipika, komanso anakonzeratu mphoto ya bitcoins kumene analenga. [49] Pofika pa 11 Meyi 2020, mphothoyi pakadali pano ndi ma bitcoins 6.25 opangidwa kumene pa block iliyonse.[50] Kuti mutenge mphothoyi, ndalama zapadera zotchedwa coinbase zimaphatikizidwa mu chipikacho, ndipo wachigodi ndiye wolipidwa.[6]: ch. 8  Ma bitcoins onse omwe alipo adapangidwa kudzera munjira iyi. Ndondomeko ya bitcoin imanena kuti mphotho yowonjezeretsa chipika idzachepetsedwa ndi theka midadada iliyonse ya 210,000 (pafupifupi zaka zinayi zilizonse). Pamapeto pake, mphothoyo idzatsika mpaka ziro, ndipo malire a 21 miliyoni bitcoins[h] afikira c. 2140; kusunga kaundula kudzalipidwa ndi chindapusa chokhacho.[51]
+
+Decentralization
+Bitcoin imagawidwa motere: [7]
+
+Bitcoin ilibe ulamuliro wapakati.[7]
+Maukonde a bitcoin ndi anzawo, [11] opanda ma seva apakati.
+Maukonde amakhalanso alibe chosungira chapakati; buku la bitcoin limagawidwa. [52]
+Bukuli ndi la anthu onse; aliyense atha kuzisunga pa kompyuta.[6]: ch. 1
+Palibe woyang'anira m'modzi;[7] bukuli limasungidwa ndi gulu la ochita migodi omwe ali ndi mwayi wofanana.[6]: ch. 1
+Aliyense akhoza kukhala wamgodi.[6]: ch. 1
+Zowonjezera pa leja zimasungidwa kupyolera mu mpikisano. Mpaka pomwe chipika chatsopano chiwonjezedwe ku ledja, sizikudziwika kuti mgodi uti upange chipikacho.[6]: ch. 1
+Kutulutsidwa kwa bitcoins kumagawidwa. Amaperekedwa ngati mphotho
+
+Mbiri
+Nkhani yayikulu: Mbiri ya bitcoin
+Chilengedwe
+Zithunzi zakunja
+chithunzi chithunzi Tsamba loyamba la The Times 03 Jan 2009 kusonyeza mutu wankhani wogwiritsidwa ntchito mu genesis block
+chithunzi Chithunzi choyipa cha ma pizza awiri ogulidwa ndi Laszlo Hanyecz kwa ₿10,000
+
+Ma logo a Bitcoin opangidwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto mu 2009 (kumanzere) ndi 2010 (kumanja) amawonetsa ma bitcoins ngati zizindikiro zagolide.
+Dzina lamalo bitcoin.org adalembetsedwa pa Ogasiti 18, 2008. [82] Pa 31 Okutobala 2008, ulalo ku pepala lolembedwa ndi Satoshi Nakamoto lotchedwa Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System[4] idayikidwa pamndandanda wamakalata achinsinsi.[83] Nakamoto adakhazikitsa pulogalamu ya bitcoin ngati code yotsegula ndipo idatulutsa mu Januware 2009. [84] [85] [11] Nakamoto sakudziwikabe. [10]
+
+Pa 3 Januware 2009, maukonde a bitcoin adapangidwa pomwe Nakamoto adakumba chipika choyambira cha unyolo, womwe umadziwika kuti block genesis. [86] [87] M'munsi mwa coinbase wa chipilalachi munali mawu akuti "The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor atsala pang'ono kubwezanso ndalama zachiwiri zamabanki".[11] Cholembachi chikutchula mutu wankhani wofalitsidwa ndi The Times ndipo watanthauziridwa ngati chidindo cha nthawi komanso ndemanga pa kusakhazikika komwe kumadza chifukwa cha mabanki osungitsa magawo.[88]: 18
+
+Wolandila koyamba bitcoin anali Hal Finney, amene analenga woyamba reusable umboni wa ntchito dongosolo (RPoW) mu 2004.[89] Finney adatsitsa pulogalamu ya bitcoin patsiku lake lotulutsidwa, ndipo pa 12 Januware 2009 adalandira ma bitcoins khumi kuchokera ku Nakamoto. [90] [91] Othandizira ena oyambilira a cypherpunk anali opanga omwe amatsogolera bitcoin: Wei Dai, wopanga b-ndalama, ndi Nick Szabo, wopanga golide pang'ono. [86] Mu 2010, kugulitsa koyamba kodziwika kwa bitcoin kunachitika pomwe wopanga mapulogalamu Laszlo Hanyecz adagula pizzas awiri a Papa John kwa ₿10,000 kuchokera kwa Jeremy Sturdivant.
+
+Ofufuza a Blockchain akuyerekeza kuti Nakamoto adakumba pafupifupi ma bitcoins miliyoni [97] asanazimiririke mu 2010 pomwe adapereka kiyi yochenjeza za netiweki ndikuwongolera malo osungira kwa Gavin Andresen. Pambuyo pake Andresen adakhala wopanga mapulogalamu pa Bitcoin Foundation. [98] [99] Kenako Andresen adafuna kugawa ulamuliro. Izi zinasiya mwayi kuti mikangano ikhale pa chitukuko chamtsogolo cha bitcoin, mosiyana ndi ulamuliro wodziwika wa zopereka za Nakamoto. [69] [99]
+
+2011-2012
+Pambuyo pa zochitika zoyambilira za "umboni wa malingaliro", ogwiritsa ntchito oyamba bitcoin anali misika yakuda, monga Silk Road. M'miyezi 30 yakukhalapo, kuyambira mu February 2011, Silk Road idalandira ma bitcoins ngati malipiro, kugulitsa ma bitcoins miliyoni 9.9, okwana $214 miliyoni.[30]: 222
+
+Mu 2011, mtengowo unayamba pa $ 0.30 pa bitcoin, kukula mpaka $ 5.27 pachaka. Mtengo unakwera mpaka $31.50 pa 8 June. Pasanathe mwezi umodzi, mtengowo unatsika mpaka $11.00. Mwezi wotsatira chinatsika kufika pa $7.80, ndipo m’mwezi wina chinafika pa $4.77. [100]
+
+Mu 2012, mitengo ya bitcoin inayamba pa $5.27, ikukula kufika pa $13.30 pachaka.[100] Pofika 9 Januware mtengo udakwera mpaka $ 7.38, koma kenako udagwa ndi 49% mpaka $ 3.80 m'masiku 16 otsatira. Mtengowo unakwera kufika pa $16.41 pa 17 August, koma unatsika ndi 57% kufika pa $7.10 m'masiku atatu otsatira. [101]
+
+Bitcoin Foundation idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembara 2012 kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kutengera kwa bitcoin.[102]
+
+Pa 1 Novembala 2011, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bitcoin-Qt mtundu 0.5.0 kudatulutsidwa. Zinayambitsa kutsogolo komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito zida za Qt. [103] Pulogalamuyi idagwiritsa ntchito Berkeley DB poyang'anira database. Madivelopa adasinthira ku LevelDB potulutsa 0.8 kuti achepetse nthawi yolumikizana ndi blockchain. inasiyidwa mu mtundu 0.8.2. Kuchokera ku mtundu wa 0.9.0 pulogalamuyo idasinthidwa kukhala Bitcoin Core. Ndalama zolipirira zidachepetsedwanso ndi gawo la khumi ngati njira yolimbikitsira ma microtransactions. [kutchulidwa kofunikira] Ngakhale Bitcoin Core sagwiritsa ntchito OpenSSL pakugwiritsa ntchito maukonde, pulogalamuyo idagwiritsa ntchito OpenSSL pama foni akutali. Mtundu wa 0.9.1 unatulutsidwa kuti achotse chiwopsezo cha netiweki ku Heartbleed bug.
+
+2013-2016
+Mu 2013, mitengo idayamba pa $13.30 kukwera mpaka $770 pofika 1 Januware 2014. [100]
+
+Mu Marichi 2013 blockchain idagawika kwakanthawi kukhala maunyolo awiri odziyimira pawokha ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha cholakwika mu mtundu 0,8 wa pulogalamu ya bitcoin. Ma blockchains awiriwa adagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi, iliyonse ili ndi mbiri yake ya mbiri yakale kuyambira pomwe idagawanika. Opaleshoni Normal anabwezeretsedwa pamene ambiri maukonde downgraded kuti Baibulo 0,7 wa bitcoin mapulogalamu, kusankha kumbuyo-n'zogwirizana Baibulo blockchain. Zotsatira zake, blockchain iyi idakhala unyolo wautali kwambiri ndipo imatha kulandiridwa ndi onse otenga nawo mbali, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo wa pulogalamu ya bitcoin.[104] Pakugawanika, kusinthana kwa Mt. Gox kunayimitsa pang'ono ma depositi a bitcoin ndipo mtengo unatsika ndi 23% mpaka $37 [104] [105] asanabwerere ku
+
+Mabungwe azachuma
+Bitcoins zitha kugulidwa pakusinthana kwa ndalama zadijito.
+
+Malinga ndi ofufuza, "pali chizindikiro pang'ono ntchito bitcoin" m'mayiko otumiza kunja ngakhale chindapusa mkulu mlandu ndi mabanki ndi Western Union amene kupikisana pa msika izi.[30] The South China Morning Post Komabe, amatchula ntchito bitcoin ndi ogwira Hong Kong kusamutsa ndalama kunyumba.[209]
+
+Mu 2014, National Australia Bank anatseka nkhani za malonda ndi zomangira bitcoin, [210] ndi HSBC anakana kutumikira hedge thumba ndi maulalo bitcoin.[211] Mabanki aku Australia ambiri akuti atseka maakaunti akubanki a mabizinesi okhudza ndalamazo.[212]
+
+Pa 10 December 2017, ndi Chicago Board Mungasankhe Kusinthanitsa anayamba malonda bitcoin tsogolo, [213] kutsatiridwa ndi Chicago Mercantile Kusinthanitsa, amene anayamba malonda bitcoin tsogolo pa 17 December 2017. [214]
+
+Mu Seputembala 2019 Banki Yaikulu ya Venezuela, pempho la PDVSA, idayesa mayeso kuti adziwe ngati bitcoin ndi ether zitha kuchitika m'malo osungira banki chapakati. Pempholi lidalimbikitsidwa ndi cholinga cha kampani yamafuta kuti alipire omwe amawagulitsa.[215]
+
+François R. Velde, Senior Economist ku Chicago Fed, anafotokoza bitcoin monga "kaso njira yothetsera vuto la kulenga digito ndalama".[216] David Andolfatto, Vice Prezidenti ku Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, adanena kuti bitcoin ndikuwopseza kukhazikitsidwa, zomwe akunena kuti ndi chinthu chabwino kwa Federal Reserve System ndi mabanki ena apakati, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mabungwewa azigwira ntchito bwino. ndondomeko.[43]: 33 [217][218]
+
+Monga ndalama
+Mapasa a Winklevoss agula bitcoin. Mu 2013, The Washington Post inanena kuti iwo anali ndi 1% ya bitcoins zonse zomwe zinalipo panthawiyo. [219]
+
+Njira zina zoyendetsera ndalama ndi ndalama za bitcoin. The woyamba ankalamulira bitcoin thumba unakhazikitsidwa mu Jersey mu July 2014 ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi Jersey Financial Services Commission.[220]
+
+Forbes adatcha bitcoin ndalama zabwino kwambiri za 2013. [221] Mu 2014, Bloomberg adatcha bitcoin imodzi mwamabizinesi ake oyipa kwambiri pachaka. [222] Mu 2015, bitcoin inali pamwamba pa ndalama za Bloomberg. [223]
+
+Malinga ndi bitinfocharts.com, mu 2017, panali 9,272 bitcoin wallets ndi ndalama zoposa $1 miliyoni za bitcoins.[224] Chiwerengero chenicheni cha mamiliyoniya a bitcoin sichidziwika chifukwa munthu m'modzi amatha kukhala ndi chikwama cha bitcoin chopitilira chimodzi.
+
+Capital capital
+Peter Thiel's Founders Fund adayika $3 miliyoni ku BitPay. [225] Mu 2012, chofungatira kwa bitcoin-limayang'ana chiyambi-ups anakhazikitsidwa ndi Adam Draper, ndi thandizo la ndalama kuchokera kwa bambo ake, ankapitabe capitalist Tim Draper, mmodzi wa eni ake lalikulu bitcoin atapambana yobetcherana 30,000 bitcoins, [226] panthawiyo. amatchedwa "chinsinsi wogula".[227] Cholinga cha kampaniyo ndikupereka ndalama mabizinesi 100 a bitcoin mkati mwa zaka 2-3 ndi $10,000 mpaka $20,000 pamtengo wa 6%.[226] Otsatsa amaikanso ndalama mumigodi ya bitcoin. [228] Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2015 ndi Paolo Tasca, bitcoin startups anakweza pafupifupi $1 biliyoni mu zaka zitatu (Q1 2012 - Q1 2015).[229]
+
+Mtengo ndi kusakhazikika
+
+Mtengo mu US$, semilogarithmic plot.[28]
+
+Kusakhazikika kwapachaka[27]
+Mtengo wa bitcoins wadutsa m'mizere ya kuyamikiridwa ndi kutsika kwamtengo komwe ena amati thovu ndi mabasi.[230] Mu 2011, mtengo wa bitcoin imodzi udakwera kuchoka pa US$0.30 kufika ku US$32 isanabwerere ku US$2.[231] Mu theka lakumapeto la 2012 komanso pavuto lazachuma la 2012-13 ku Cyprus, mtengo wa bitcoin unayamba kukwera, [232] kufika pamwamba pa US$266 pa 10 April 2013, isanagwe pafupifupi US$50. Pa 29 November 2013, mtengo wa bitcoin imodzi unakwera pamwamba pa US$1,242. [233] Mu 2014, mtengowo unagwa kwambiri, ndipo kuyambira April anakhalabe wokhumudwa pamitengo yoposa theka la 2013. Pofika mu Ogasiti 2014 inali pansi pa US$600. [234]
+
+Malinga ndi Mark T. Williams, kuyambira 30 September 2014, bitcoin ali ndi kusakhazikika kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa golide, kasanu ndi katatu kuposa S&P 500, ndi 18 kuwirikiza kuposa dola yaku US. [235] Hodl ndi meme yopangidwa ponena za kugwira (kusiyana ndi kugulitsa) panthawi yakusakhazikika. Zachilendo pazachuma, malonda a bitcoin kumapeto kwa Disembala 2020 anali apamwamba kuposa masiku apakati. [236] Hedge funds (pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi zotengera)[237] ayesa kugwiritsa ntchito kusakhazikika kuti apindule ndi kutsika kwamitengo. Kumapeto kwa Januware 2021, maudindo oterowo anali opitilira $1 biliyoni, omwe anali apamwamba kwambiri kuposa nthawi zonse. [238] Pofika pa 8 February 2021, mtengo wotseka wa bitcoin unali wofanana ndi US$44,797. [239]
+
+Udindo walamulo, msonkho ndi malamulo
+Zambiri: Kuvomerezeka kwa bitcoin ndi dziko kapena gawo
+Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chokhazikika cha bitcoin komanso malonda ake pa malonda a pa intaneti omwe ali m'mayiko ambiri, kulamulira bitcoin kwakhala kovuta. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito bitcoin kungakhale kolakwa, ndipo kutseka kusinthanitsa ndi chuma cha anzawo ndi anzawo m'dziko lopatsidwa chikhoza kukhala chiletso chenicheni. [240] Malamulo a bitcoin amasiyana kwambiri kumayiko ena ndipo sakudziwikabe kapena kusintha ambiri aiwo. Malamulo ndi zoletsa zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa bitc
+Nkhunda ya Papuan (Gymnophaps albertisii) ndi mtundu wa mbalame zamtundu wa banja la nkhunda Columbidae. Amapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan, New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, ndi Bismarck Archipelago, komwe amakhala m'nkhalango zoyambira, nkhalango zamapiri, ndi zigwa. Ndi mtundu wanjiwa wapakatikati, kutalika kwa 33–36 cm (13–14 in) ndi kulemera kwa 259 g (9.1 oz) pafupifupi. Amuna akuluakulu ali ndi slate-grey kumtunda, kukhosi kwa chestnut-maroon ndi mimba, mawere oyera, ndi bandeji yotuwa yotuwa. Ma lores ndi orbital dera ndi ofiira owala. Akazi amafanana, koma amakhala ndi mabere otuwa komanso m'mphepete mwa nthenga zapakhosi.
+
+Nkhunda ya ku Papuan ndi yodya kwambiri, imadya nkhuyu ndi drupe. Imaswana kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi mu Schrader Range, koma imatha kuswana chaka chonse kudutsa mitundu yake. Imamanga zisa kuchokera ku timitengo ndi nthambi mumtengo kapena kupanga chisa chapansi mu udzu wouma waufupi, ndikuikira dzira limodzi. Mitunduyi imakonda kucheza kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'magulu a mbalame 10-40, ngakhale magulu ena amatha kukhala ndi anthu 80. Idalembedwa ngati yosadetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi bungwe la International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) pa IUCN Red List chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu.
+
+Taxonomy ndi systematics 
+Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan inafotokozedwa kuti Gymnophaps albertisii ndi katswiri wa zinyama wa ku Italy Tommaso Salvadori mu 1874 pamaziko a zitsanzo zochokera ku Andai, New Guinea. Ndiwo mtundu wamtundu wa Gymnophaps, womwe unapangidwira iwo. Dzina lachikale limachokera ku mawu Achigiriki Akale akuti γυμνος (gumnos), kutanthauza chopanda, ndi φαψ (phaps), kutanthauza nkhunda. Dzina lenileni la albertisii ndi lolemekeza Luigi D'Albertis, katswiri wa botanist wa ku Italy komanso wazanyama yemwe amagwira ntchito ku East Indies ndi New Guinea. Papuan mountain pigeon ndi dzina lodziwika bwino lomwe bungwe la International Ornithologists' Union linapereka. Mayina ena odziwika bwino amtunduwu ndi njiwa yamapiri (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nkhunda za Gymnophaps), njiwa yamapiri yopanda maso, njiwa yopanda maso (yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Patagioenas corensis), ndi nkhunda yamapiri ya D'Albertis.
+
+Nkhunda ya Papuan ndi imodzi mwa mitundu inayi yamtundu wa njiwa ya Gymnophaps mu banja la njiwa Columbidae, yomwe imapezeka ku Melanesia ndi Maluku Islands. Amapanga superspecies ndi mitundu ina mu mtundu wake. M'banja lake, mtundu wa Gymnophaps ndi mlongo wa Lopholaimus, ndipo awiriwa pamodzi amapanga mlongo wa Hemiphaga. Nkhunda yamapiri ya Papuan ili ndi mitundu iwiri:
+
+ G. a. albertisii Salvadori, 1874: Mitundu yosankhidwa, imapezeka ku Yapen, New Britain, New Ireland, Fergusson Island, Goodenough Island, ndi mapiri a New Guinea.
+ G. a. exsul (Hartert, 1903): Imapezeka kuzilumba za Bacan. Anthu ndi akulu komanso akuda kuposa omwe amasankha mitundu yamitundu, pomwe mutu umakhala wosalala kwathunthu, wopanda zibwano za chestnut-maroon, mmero, ndi makutu a amuna omwe amasankha.
+
+Zolemba 
+Mbalame zofotokozedwa mu 1874
+Mbalame za ku New Guinea
+Mbalame za Bismarck Archipelago
+Pa Meyi 24, 2022, Salvador Rolando Ramos wazaka 18 adawombera ndikupha ana asukulu khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi ndi aphunzitsi awiri, ndikuvulaza anthu ena khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri pa Robb Elementary School ku Uvalde, Texas, United States. Izi zidachitika atawombera agogo ake pachipumi kunyumba, kuwavulaza kwambiri. Anapita kusukulu ndikuwombera panja kwa mphindi pafupifupi zisanu, kenako adalowa ndi mfuti yamtundu wa AR-15 pachitseko chotseguka chakumbali, osakumana ndi zida. Kenako adadzitsekera m'kalasi, kupha ophunzira khumi ndi asanu ndi anayi ndi aphunzitsi awiri, kukhala pamenepo kwa ola limodzi asanaphedwe ndi United States Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC). Ndi kuwombera kwachitatu kwakupha kwambiri pasukulu yaku America, pambuyo pa kuwombera kwa Virginia Tech mu 2007 ndi kuwombera kwa Sandy Hook Elementary School mu 2012, komanso koopsa kwambiri ku Texas.
+
+Akuluakulu azamalamulo adadzudzulidwa chifukwa cha zomwe adachita poyankha kuwomberako, ndipo machitidwe awo akuwunikiridwa pakufufuza kosiyana ndi Texas Ranger Division ndi United States department of Justice. Pambuyo poyamika omwe adayankha koyamba pakuwomberako, Bwanamkubwa waku Texas Greg Abbott adapempha kuti afufuze za kusachitapo kanthu kwa oyang'anira zochitika. Apolisi adadikirira mphindi 78 pamalowo asanathyole kalasi kuti agwirizane ndi wowomberayo. Apolisi adatsekanso mabwalo asukuluyo, zomwe zidayambitsa mikangano yayikulu pakati pa apolisi ndi anthu wamba omwe amafuna kulowa pasukulupo kuti apulumutse ana. Pambuyo pake, akuluakulu aboma ndi aboma adapereka malipoti olakwika okhudza nthawi yomwe apolisi adachita ndikuwonjezera zomwe apolisi adachita. Dipatimenti ya chitetezo cha anthu ku Texas idavomereza kuti kunali kulakwitsa kuti apolisi achedwetse kuukira kwa Ramos m'kalasi yodzaza ndi ophunzira, ponena kuti izi ndi zomwe mkulu wa apolisi wa Uvalde Consolidated Independent School District anaunika momwe zinthu zilili ngati "zoletsedwa". mutu" m'malo mwa "wowombera mwachangu".
+
+Kutsatira kuwomberako, komwe kunachitika patangotha ​​​​masiku khumi kuchokera pomwe 2022 Buffalo adawombera pasitolo yayikulu, zokambirana zambiri zidachitika za chikhalidwe cha mfuti zaku America ndi ziwawa, kulowerera ndale, komanso kulephera kwazamalamulo kuyimitsa chiwembucho. Ena alimbikitsa kukonzanso lamulo loletsa zida zankhondo ku federal. Ena adadzudzula andale chifukwa choganiza kuti ali ndi udindo wopitiliza kuwombera anthu ambiri. Anthu a ku Republican ayankha mwa kukana kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zoyendetsera mfuti, ndipo adapempha kuti awonjezere chitetezo m'masukulu, monga aphunzitsi onyamula zida; adzudzulanso adani awo kuti alowerera ndale zakuwomberako. Maseneta ena aku Republican awonetsa kutseguka kwa mgwirizano wapakati pazakusintha kwamfuti, monga kulimbikitsa mayiko kuti akhazikitse malamulo ofiira a mbendera ndi kukulitsa macheke akumbuyo kwa ogula mfuti.
+
+Ozunzidwa 
+Ophunzira 19 ndi aphunzitsi awiri aphedwa pakuwombera:
+
+Ophunzira
+
+ Nevaeh Bravo, 10
+ Jacklyn Jaylen Cazares, 9
+ Makenna Lee Elrod, 10
+ Jose Flores, 10
+ Eliana Garcia, 9
+ Uziyah Garcia, 9
+ Amerie Jo Garza, 10
+ Xavier Javier Lopez, 10
+ Jayce Carmelo Luevanos, 10
+ Tess Marie Mata, 10
+ Maranda Mathis, 11
+ Alithia Ramirez, 10
+ Annabell Guadalupe Rodriguez, 10
+ Maite Yuleana Rodriguez, 10
+ Alexandria Aniyah Rubio, 10
+ Layla Salazar, 11
+ Jailah Nicole Silguero, 11
+ Eliahana Cruz Torres, 10
+ Rogelio Torres, 10
+
+Aphunzitsi
+ Irma Garcia, 48
+ Eva Mireles, 44
+
+Anawo anali m’giredi lachiwiri, lachitatu, ndi lachinayi. Aphunzitsi, Irma Garcia ndi Eva Mireles, ankaphunzitsa m’kalasi limodzi la sitandade 4.
+
+Anthu 17 avulala, kuphatikizapo apolisi awiri. Abbott adati apolisi awiriwo adawomberedwa ndi zipolopolo koma sanavulale kwambiri. Mkulu wa Chipatala cha Uvalde Memorial adanenanso kuti ana khumi ndi mmodzi ndi anthu ena atatu adaloledwa kulandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi kutsatira kuwomberako. Anayi anamasulidwa, ndipo awiri, ongofotokozedwa kukhala mwamuna ndi mkazi, anali atafa atafika. Ozunzidwa ena angapo adawatengera ku chipatala cha University ku San Antonio.
+
+Zotsatira zake 
+UCISD idapempha makolo kuti asatenge ana awo mpaka ophunzira onse aku Robb Elementary School atawerengedwa. Cha m’ma 2:00 pm, makolo anauzidwa kuti akawatenge. Ntchito zonse za m’chigawo ndi pasukulupo zinathetsedwa, ndipo makolo a ana asukulu a m’masukulu ena anapemphedwa kuti akatenge ana awo chifukwa cha kuletsedwa kwa mabasi a sukulu. Usiku womwewo, woyang'anira UCISD adalengeza m'kalata yomwe idatumizidwa kwa makolo kuti chaka chasukulu chatha m'boma lonse (mofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika pa mliri wa COVID-19), kuphatikiza kuletsa mwambo womaliza maphunziro. Chaka cha sukulu chinali m’mbuyomo chinali kutha Lachinayi limenelo. Makolo ena anadikirira mpaka usiku kuti atsimikizire komaliza za imfa ya mwana wawo, kudikirira kuti DNA izindikiridwe. Anthu angapo omwe adapulumuka pachiwopsezocho anena kuti akuopa kubwerera kusukulu. Pambuyo pa kuwombera, Donna Independent School District, yomwe imatumikira Donna, Texas, dera la maola anayi ndi theka kuchokera ku Uvalde, adalandira "chiwopsezo chodalirika cha chiwawa". Poyankhapo, chigawocho chinathetsa sukulu pamene chinkafufuza za chiwopsezocho.
+
+Pa Meyi 24, Chipatala cha Uvalde Memorial chidagwira ntchito yothamangitsa magazi kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa. Bungwe la South Texas Blood and Tissue Center linapereka pempho lachangu la kuperekedwa kwa mwazi pambuyo pa kuwomberako, ndipo linatumiza magawo 15 a magazi ku Uvalde kudzera pa helikoputala kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'zipatala za m'deralo. Pa 27 May, bungweli linanena kuti anthu oposa 2,000 anapereka magazi pambuyo pa ngoziyi.
+
+Zolemba 
+2022 mu Texas
+1974 UEFA Cup Final idaseweredwa pa 21 Meyi 1974 ndi 29 Meyi 1974 pakati pa Tottenham Hotspur yaku England ndi Feyenoord Rotterdam waku Netherlands, kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1973-74 UEFA Cup. Feyenoord yapambana 4-2 pamagulu onse. Otsatira a Tottenham adachita zipolowe pampikisano wachiwiri ku Rotterdam, womwe udayamba Feyenoord atagoletsa chakumapeto kwa theka loyamba ndikupitilira theka lachiwiri.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri 
+Atagwira Spurs 2-2 ku White Hart Lane ku London, Feyenoord adalowa m'malo awo omwe amakonda. Kupambana kwawo kwa 2-0 kunyumba kudateteza gululi mutu wawo woyamba wa UEFA Cup.
+
+Masewera achiwiri ku Rotterdam adasokonezedwa ndi ziwawa komanso ziwawa zochokera kwa otsatira Spurs omwe akuchita zipolowe.
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+The 1975 UEFA Cup Final idaseweredwa pa 7 May ndi 21 May 1975 pakati pa Borussia Mönchengladbach waku West Germany ndi Twente waku Netherlands. Mönchengladbach yapambana 5-1 pamagulu onse.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1976 UEFA Cup Final inali masewera a mpira wamasewera omwe adaseweredwa miyendo iwiri pakati pa Liverpool yaku England ndi Club Brugge yaku Belgium pa 28 Epulo 1976 ku Anfield, Liverpool komanso pa 19 Meyi 1976 ku Olympiastadion, Bruges. Unali komaliza kwa nyengo ya 1975-76 ya mpikisano wa European Cup secondary, UEFA Cup. Liverpool anali kuwonekera mu final yawo yachiwiri; iwo anali atapambana mpikisano mu 1973. Brugge anali akuwonekera m'mafayilo awo oyambirira a ku Ulaya ndipo anali gulu loyamba la Belgium kufika kumapeto kwa mpikisano wa ku Ulaya.
+
+Gulu lililonse limayenera kudutsa maulendo asanu kuti lifike komaliza. Masewero ankapikisana pamiyendo iwiri, imodzi pabwalo lanyumba la timu iliyonse. Maubwenzi a Liverpool amasiyana kuchokera pa kupambana kwabwino mpaka kutseka. Iwo adagonjetsa timu yaku Spain ya Real Sociedad 9-1 pachiwopsezo chachiwiri, pomwe adagonjetsa timu yaku Spain ya Barcelona 2-1 mu semi-finals. Ambiri mwa maubwenzi a Brugge anali pafupi. Chigonjetso chawo chachikulu chinali ndi zigoli ziwiri, zomwe zidachitika mugawo loyamba ndi lachitatu motsutsana ndi Lyon yaku France ndi timu yaku Italy Roma, motsatana.
+
+Kuwonedwa ndi gulu la 50,188 ku Anfield, Brugge adatsogolera zigoli ziwiri mu theka loyamba lamasewera oyamba pomwe Raoul Lambert ndi Julien Cools adagoletsa. Liverpool idachira mu theka lachiwiri; zigoli zitatu mumphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera kwa Ray Kennedy, Jimmy Case, ndi Kevin Keegan adapeza chigonjetso cha 3-2 mumpikisano woyamba wa Liverpool. Khamu la 29,423 ku Olympiastadion adawona Brugge akutsogolera mphindi ya 11 pamasewera achiwiri. Liverpool idafanana mphindi zinayi pambuyo pake Keegan adagoletsa. Masewerawa adakhala chimodzimodzi mumasewera otsalawo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke 1-1. Chifukwa chake, Liverpool idapambana komaliza 4-3 pakuphatikiza kuti iteteze UEFA Cup yawo yachiwiri.
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwachidule 
+
+Brugge adayamba masewerowa bwino kwambiri mbali ziwirizo ndipo adatsogolera mphindi yachisanu. Kulowera kumbuyo kwa Phil Neal kulibe wosewera mpira wa Liverpool Ray Clemence kulola osewera wapakati wa Brugge Raoul Lambert kuti azitha kuyang'anira mpirawo ndikuuponya pamwamba pa Clemence ndikulowa ku Liverpool. Patadutsa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri Brugge adakulitsa chitsogozo chawo pomwe Julien Cools adagoletsa. A Belgian adapitilizabe kuwukira, koma chitetezo cha Liverpool cha Emlyn Hughes ndi Tommy Smith adatha kuthamangitsa aku Belgian mpaka theka.
+
+Manejala wa Liverpool Bob Paisley adaganiza kuti kusintha kwa timu yake kuyenera kupangidwa panthawiyi. Paisley adaganiza zosintha osewera John Toshack ndi osewera wapakati Jimmy Case. Kusinthaku kudasintha pomwe a Case akuthamangira kudzanja lamanja la bwalo adasokoneza aku Belgian. Zotsatira zonse zidabwera mphindi ya 59 pomwe Liverpool idagoletsa; Steve Heighway adadutsa kwa Ray Kennedy yemwe adagoletsa mayadi 20 (18 m). Liverpool idalinganiza mphindi ziwiri pambuyo pake; kuwombera kochokera kwa Kennedy kudakweranso kuchokera pamtengo kupita kwa Case yemwe adagoletsa pafupi.
+
+Patadutsa mphindi zitatu Liverpool inali patsogolo; Heighway adakwezedwa m'malo olipira, ndipo Kevin Keegan adagoletsa chilango chotsatira kuti Liverpool itsogolere 3-2. Liverpool anali ndi mwayi wowonjezera kutsogolera kwawo pambuyo pake, koma adalephera kutero; Brugge adalepheranso kugoletsanso. Chigoli chomaliza pamene woyimbira analiza kwanthawi zonse chinali
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Mwachidule 
+
+Liverpool idalowa mumsewu wachiwiri ndi chigoli chimodzi, ngakhale Brugge adafunikira kugoletsa chigoli chimodzi chokha kuti apambane mpikisanowo motengera lamulo la zigoli zakutali. A Belgian adapeza chigoli chomwe amafunikira mphindi ya 11. Wotchinga kumbuyo wa Liverpool Smith adaweruzidwa kuti adagwira mpira pamalo opangira ma penalty a Liverpool ndipo Brugge adalandira kuwombera. Lambert adatembenuza mwayi wopatsa Brugge chitsogozo cha 1-0 ndikuwongolera chiwongolero cha 3-3. Poyankha kubweza, Liverpool idafanana mphindi zinayi pambuyo pake. Adapatsidwa free-kick kunja kwa ma penalty ya Brugge. Hughes adagubuduza mpira kwa Keegan yemwe kuwombera kwake kumanja kudalowa mu cholinga cha Brugge kuti akwaniritse zigoli 1-1 ndikupangitsa Liverpool kutsogola 4-3. Cholinga chake chinali choyamba Brugge kuvomereza kunyumba mu UEFA Cup nyengo yonseyi.
+
+Brugge amayenera kubwezanso kuti chiwongolerocho chikhale chamoyo, ndikukankhira osewera awo kutsogolo kuti apeze wofanana. Izi zidakakamiza Liverpool kukokera osewera awo onse, kupatula Keegan, m'malo oteteza kuti ateteze kutsogola kwawo. Ngakhale izi Liverpool idakhala ndi mwayi wotsogola mphindi ya 34. Volley ya Smith kuchokera pa free-kick ya Kennedy idapita kutali ndi cholinga cha Brugge. Kupanikizika kwa Brugge pafupifupi kunalipira mphindi zisanu mu theka lachiwiri. Ulrik le Fevre ndi Roger Van Gool adaphatikizana ndikugawa chitetezo cha Liverpool, ndikusiya Lambert ndi mpira. Kuwombera kwake kotsatira kudagunda osewera wa Liverpool Clemence koma kugunda pamtengo. Brugge adapitilizabe kuukira kuti apeze cholinga chomwe amafunikira; mwayi wawo wabwino unabwera mphindi zinayi kuchokera kumapeto. Brugge adaphwanya chitetezo cha Liverpool, koma kuwombera kwa Cools kudakanidwa ndikupulumutsa Clemence. Palibenso zigoli zomwe zidagoleredwa; chigoli chomaliza chinali 1-1.
+
+Kujambula kwa mwendo wachiwiri kunatanthauza kuti Liverpool idapambana tayi, 4-3 pamagulu onse, kuti apambane UEFA Cup yachiwiri pambuyo pa chigonjetso chawo choyamba mu 1973. Anamalizanso League ndi UEFA Cup kawiri kachiwiri. Manejala wa Liverpool, Bob Paisley, anasangalala kwambiri ndi osewera atachita bwino mumsewu wachiwiri: "Gawo lachiwiri linali lalitali kwambiri mphindi 45 pa moyo wanga. Panali kunyada kwakukulu pamasewerawa chifukwa tinabwera kuimira England. Sitinalole dziko pansi ndipo timanyadira anyamata athu."
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1977 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 4 Meyi 1977 ndi 18 Meyi 1977 pakati pa Juventus waku Italy ndi Athletic Club yaku Spain. Juventus yapambana 2-2 pa zigoli zakunja.
+
+Ichi ndiye chigonjetso chokha cha timu yaku Italy pa mpikisano wovomerezeka ku Europe wopanda osewera akunja mu timu yake yoyamba yatimu. [amene amafunikira] Idawonetsanso mutu woyamba wa Juventus mu mpira waku Europe, komanso nthawi yoyamba yomwe UEFA Cup idapambana. kalabu yaku Southern Europe.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+1978 UEFA Cup Final inali masewera a mpira omwe adaseweredwa pa 26 Epulo 1978 ndi 9 May 1978 pakati pa PSV Eindhoven yaku Netherlands ndi SEC Bastia yaku France. PSV idapambana tayi 3-0 pakuphatikiza, ndikupambana 3-0 kunyumba kutsatira kukoka kopanda zigoli ku Bastia.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1979 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 9 Meyi 1979, ndi 23 Meyi 1979, pakati pa Red Star Belgrade ya SFR Yugoslavia ndi Borussia Mönchengladbach yaku West Germany. Mönchengladbach yapambana 2-1 pamagulu onse.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+1980 UEFA Cup Final inali yomaliza ya miyendo iwiri, yomwe idaseweredwa pa 7 May 1980 ndi 21 May 1980 kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1979-80 UEFA Cup. Omaliza adaphatikizira Eintracht Frankfurt yaku West Germany ndi Borussia Mönchengladbach, timu ina yaku West Germany. Mönchengladbach ndi omwe adakhala nawo, atapambana mpikisano womaliza chaka chatha.
+
+Eintracht Frankfurt adapambana pazigoli zakutali atamaliza 3-3 pazophatikiza.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri 
+
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1981 UEFA Cup inali masewera a mpira wamagulu omwe adaseweredwa ndi miyendo iwiri pakati pa AZ '67 waku Netherlands ndi Ipswich Town yaku England. Masewera oyamba adaseweredwa pa Portman Road, Ipswich, pa 6 May 1981 ndipo mwendo wachiwiri udaseweredwa pa 20 May 1981 pa Olympic Stadium, Amsterdam. Unali komaliza kwa nyengo ya 1980-81 ya mpikisano waku Europe, UEFA Cup. Ipswich ndi AZ '67 onse anali akuwonekera mu final yawo yoyamba yaku Europe.
+
+Gulu lililonse limayenera kudutsa maulendo asanu kuti lifike komaliza. Machesi amapikisana pamiyendo iwiri, ndi machesi pabwalo lanyumba la timu iliyonse. Maubwenzi ambiri a Ipswich adapambana ndi zigoli zosachepera ziwiri, kupatulapo mpikisano wachiwiri motsutsana ndi Bohemians waku Prague, womwe Ipswich idapambana 3-2 pakuphatikiza. AZ '67 zolumikizana koyambirira zidali mbali imodzi: adapambana maulendo atatu oyamba ndi zigoli zosachepera zisanu pamagulu onse koma maubwenzi awo a quarter-final ndi semi-final adapambana pakuphatikiza ndi chigoli chimodzi.
+
+Kuyang'ana ndi gulu la 27,532 ku Portman Road, Ipswich adatsogola pampikisano woyamba pomwe John Wark adawombera pachiwopsezo. Zigoli zachigawo chachiwiri kuchokera kwa Frans Thijssen ndi Paul Mariner zikutanthauza kuti Ipswich idapambana mumpikisano woyamba 3-0. Choncho, mu mwendo wachiwiri pa Olympic Stadium ku Amsterdam, Ipswich anayenera kupewa kutaya ndi zolinga zitatu bwino kupambana mpikisano. Khamu la 28,500 lidawona Ipswich ikutsogolera koyambirira kwa cholinga cha Thijssen. AZ '67 idangofanana mwachangu kudzera mwa Kurt Welzl asanatsogolere chigoli chochokera kwa Johnny Metgod. Wark adagoletsanso Ipswich kuti ifanane ndi mwendo, koma AZ '67 idagunda Pier Tol ndi Jos Jonker. Palibe zigoli zina zomwe zidagoleredwa ndipo Ipswich idapambana 5-4 yomaliza kuti apambane mpikisano wawo woyamba ndipo, pofika 2022, chikho cha ku Europe chokha.
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwachidule 
+Pofika kumapeto kwa 1981 UEFA Cup Final, angapo a timu ya Ipswich adasewera ngakhale atavulala: Thijssen anali ndi vuto la groin, Mariner anali ndi vuto la tendon la Achilles, ndipo Cooper anakakamizika kuvala chophimba chifukwa chovulala pamkono. m'masewera am'mbuyo am'nyumba motsutsana ndi Middlesbrough. Gates nayenso anali atangochira kumene atavulala ndi mwana wa ng'ombe. Uwu unali masewera a 65 watimuyi. AZ '67, yemwe adagonjetsa Feyenoord mu Eredivisie kuti apambane mutu wa Dutch league ndi masewera asanu ndi limodzi omwe atsala pamasewera awo apitawa, adatha kusewera gulu lawo lamphamvu, Kist m'malo mwa Welzl koyambirira kwa khumi ndi chimodzi.
+
+Ulendo woyamba unachitika pa Portman Road pa 6 May 1981 pamaso pa khamu la anthu 27,532. Ipswich idakanidwa pempho lachiwopsezo champhamvu mphindi yachiwiri ya theka loyamba pomwe woweruza, Adolf Prokop, adachita apilo pambuyo poti Gates adagwetsedwa ndi Richard van der Meer wa AZ. Butcher adagwiritsa ntchito kufooka kodziwika kwa AZ mlengalenga, koma mutu wake udangodutsa, kuwombera kwa Gates kusanamenyedwe ndi osewera wa AZ Eddy Treijtel. Pagawo lachitatu lamasewera, Ipswich idapambana ngodya zingapo popanda ndalama zambiri koma adagwidwa kangapo ndi mzere wodzitchinjiriza wa AZ. Ipswich adatsogola kudzera mwa Wark, yemwe adangodziwika kumene kuti PFA Players 'Player of the Year, akuponya pachiwopsezo patatha mphindi 30 kutsatira mpira wamanja wa Hovenkamp. Chinali cholinga cha 13 cha Wark pa kampeni yaku Europe ndipo zidatsimikizira kuti wagoletsa mpikisano uliwonse. Russell Osman adadula mwayi wotsatira wa Tol asanafike kugunda kwa Thijssen mphindi 39 kuwuluka pa bala. Palibe zigoli zina zomwe zidaperekedwa ndipo theka lidatha 1-0 kwa Ipswich.
+
+Mphindi imodzi mu theka lachiwiri, Ipswich adawonjezera chitsogozo chawo ndi mutu wochokera ku Dutchman Frans Thijssen pambuyo kuwombera kwake koyambirira kupulumutsidwa ndi Treijtel. Chigoli chachitatu cha Ipswich, nthawi ino kuchokera kwa Mariner pomwe Brazil idamenya wosewera wake wotsutsa ndikuyika pasi pang'onopang'ono pafupi ndi positi, idawona timu yaku England ikupambana masewerawo ndikutsogola 3-0 mumpikisano wachiwiri pa Olympic Stadium. ku Amsterdam. Uku kunali kulamulira kwa Ipswich kotero kuti adaletsa AZ kuwombera kamodzi pa chandamale mumasewerawa, ndikungolola ngodya yoyamba pakati pa theka lachiwiri. Thijssen adasankhidwa kukhala munthu wamasewera. Pambuyo pa masewerawa, mphunzitsi wa AZ Georg Keßler anali wosamala: "pali mphindi zina za 90 zosewera, koma mwachibadwa zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ife." Tsogolo la Robson ku Ipswich linali lotsutsana chifukwa adalumikizidwa ndi makalabu ena kuphatikiza Sunderland, omwe adamupatsa mbiri yaku Britain panthawiyo ya £1 miliyoni pazaka khumi. Iye adati: "Ngati titaya chiwongolero cha zigoli zitatuzi mumsewu wachiwiri, ndikusiya kalabu iyi, mutha kundigwira mawu pamenepo."
+
+Tsatanetsatane
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Mwachidule 
+Ipswich adatha kutchula mzere wosasinthika pamzere wachiwiri wa 1981 UEFA Cup Final. Onse a Thijssen ndi Mariner adayankha bwino kuchipatala panthawi yopuma kwa milungu iwiri pakati pa miyendo yomaliza. Van der Meer linali vuto lokhalo lovulala pa AZ '67.
+
+Ulendo wachiwiri unachitika pa Olympic Stadium ku Amsterdam pa 20 May 1981 pamaso pa khamu la 28,500. Ipswich idatenga mafani oyenda 6,000 kumasewerawa. Thijssen adagoletsa mphindi zinayi zamasewerawo kutsatira kuchotsedwa bwino kwa ngodya ya Gates ndi Peter Arntz wa AZ, kupatsa Ipswich chitsogozo cha 4-0. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo AZ idabwereranso: Mpira wautali wa Hovenkamp mderali kupita ku Metgod adatulutsa Cooper kuti atsutse, koma Metgod adawombera mpirawo kwa wowombera waku Austria Welzl yemwe mutu wake udapanga 1-1. Welzl adadula positi atangotsala pang'ono kuti mtanda wa Peters upite kunyumba ndi Metgod wosadziwika. Wark adagoletsa mphindi ya 38 ndikuwombera bwino kuchokera pakona, Tol asanalowe pa Jonker pass kuti apange chiwongola dzanja 5-3. Cooper adapulumutsa kawiri mochedwa theka lachiwiri lomwe Mike Green adalemba mu Aberdeen Press ndi Journal ngati "zapamwamba", kuphatikiza imodzi yokana mutu wa Welzl kuchokera ku 6 mayadi (5.5 m). Jonker adagoletsa chachinayi cha AZ chatsiku ndikumenya kwaulere mayadi 25 ndi mphindi 16 kuti zichitike. Ngakhale zambiri zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pake m'dera la chilango cha Ipswich, kalabu yaku England idapitilira kupambana 5-4 pazophatikiza, ndipo Cooper adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wamasewera.
+
+Mühren, mmodzi mwa anthu aŵiri achi Dutch omwe ankasewera ku Ipswich, pambuyo pake anakumbukira kuti: “Magulu ambiri akanagonja, koma AZ mwadzidzidzi inali ndi mapiko ... AZ inkaoneka ngati ili ndi mapiko usiku umenewo ... ndi khungu la mano athu – kukhala omasuka komanso osangalala.” Robson adanena kuti: "Zinali pang'ono pamphepete mwa mpeni ndipo zinasonyeza kuti timafunikira zolinga zitatuzo kuchokera kumasewera apanyumba. Zinali zochititsa mantha."
+
+Tsatanetsatane
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1982 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 5 May 1982 ndi 19 May 1982 pakati pa IFK Göteborg waku Sweden ndi Hamburg waku West Germany. IFK idapambana 4-0 pakuphatikizana kuti ipambane ulemu woyamba ku Europe m'mbiri ya kilabu.
+
+Ndi kugonja uku, Hamburg idakhala kalabu yoyamba kukhala wopambana m'mipikisano yonse itatu isanachitike 1999 ku Europe (European Champion Clubs' Cup/UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League, ndi Cup Winners yomwe yatha. Cup), atataya 1968 European Cup Winners' Cup Final komanso 1980 European Cup Final.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1983 UEFA Cup idaseweredwa pa 4 May 1983 ndi 18 May 1983 pakati pa Anderlecht yaku Belgium ndi Benfica yaku Portugal. Anderlecht yapambana 2-1 pamagulu onse.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1984 UEFA Cup inali mgwirizano wa mpira wamasewera womwe unaseweredwa pa 9 May ndi 23 May 1984 kuti adziwe katswiri wa 1983-84 UEFA Cup. Fainali yamiyendo iwiri idapikisana pakati pa Anderlecht yaku Belgium-- omwe anali oteteza -- ndi Tottenham Hotspur F.C. wa ku England. Tottenham yapambana 4-3 pamapenalty kick itamaliza 2-2 pamagulu onse.
+
+Mpaka pano, uwu ukadali ulemu waposachedwa kwambiri waku Europe womwe Tottenham adapambana. Kuphatikiza apo, zikadakhala zaka zina makumi atatu ndi zisanu mpaka Spurs idasewera komaliza ina yayikulu ku Europe, pomwe idafika mu Champions League Final mu 2019, ndikutaya Liverpool.
+
+Mu 1997, zidawoneka kuti kupita komaliza kwa Anderlecht kudakhudza kuti wapampando wa kilabuyo apereke chiphuphu cha £27,000 kwa woweruza kuti akwaniritse semi-final motsutsana ndi Nottingham Forest. Chilango chokayikitsa chidaperekedwa kwa Anderlecht, pomwe chigoli cha Forest chidakanidwa mwamkangano.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya UEFA Champions League ya 2019 inali masewera omaliza a 2018-19 UEFA Champions League, nyengo ya 64 ya mpikisano wotsogola wamagulu aku Europe wokonzedwa ndi UEFA komanso nyengo ya 27 kuyambira pomwe idasinthidwanso UEFA Champions League. Idaseweredwa pa Metropolitano Stadium ku Madrid, Spain pa 1 June 2019, pakati pa timu yaku England Tottenham Hotspur (mu final yawo yoyamba ya European Cup) ndi Liverpool (pamasewera awo achisanu ndi chinayi ndi achiwiri motsatana, atagonja ndi Real Madrid mu 2018). Inali yomaliza yachisanu ndi chiwiri ya Champions League - komanso yachinayi pazaka khumi - kukhala ndi magulu awiri ochokera kugulu limodzi, komanso komaliza kwachingerezi chachiwiri (choyamba chinali mu 2008). Inalinso komaliza komaliza kuyambira 2013 kusakhala ndi timu imodzi yaku Spain, pomwe Real Madrid ndi Barcelona adagawana nawo maudindo asanu am'mbuyomu.
+
+Liverpool idapambana komaliza 2-0, ndi penalty yomwe idagoledwa pambuyo pa masekondi 106 ndi Mohamed Salah komanso chigoli cholowa m'malo mwa Divock Origi patatha mphindi 87. Monga opambana, kwanthawi yachisanu ndi chimodzi komanso koyamba kuyambira 2005, Liverpool idapeza ufulu wosewera mu 2019 FIFA Club World Cup, komanso motsutsana ndi Chelsea, omwe adapambana mu 2018-19 UEFA Europa League, mu 2019 UEFA. Super Cup, yopambana m'mipikisano yonse. Adapezanso zoyenereza kulowa mugulu la 2019-20 UEFA Champions League. Popeza Liverpool idakwanitsa kale mu ligi, malo osungika adaperekedwa kwa Red Bull Salzburg, omwe ndi akatswiri a Austrian Bundesliga ya 2018-19, gulu lomwe lili pa nambala 11 malinga ndi mndandanda wamasewera obwerawa. Aka kanali komaliza kuti anthu opezekapo asanafike mliri wa COVID-19 mkatikati mwa Marichi asanabwerenso komaliza kwa 2022.
+
+Mu March 2018, UEFA inalengeza kuti kulowetsedwa kwachinayi kudzaloledwa mu nthawi yowonjezera komanso kuti chiwerengero cha olowa m'malo chidzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 7 mpaka 12. Nthawi yoyambira idasinthidwanso kuchokera ku 20: 45 CEST kupita ku 21: 00 CEST. Masewerowa analinso komaliza komaliza kwa Champions League kugwiritsa ntchito makina a video assistant referee (VAR).
+
+Magulu a Mpira
+
+Njira yopita ku final cup
+
+Zolemba 
+Fainali ya Champions League
+Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mu Circle ndi izi :
+
+ Pakatikati mwa bwalo ndi mfundo yomwe ili pakati pa bwalo. Pachithunzichi, malo apakati ndi mfundo O.
+ Utali wozungulira wa bwalo ndi mzere wowongoka womwe umalumikiza pakati pa bwalo ndi mfundo yomwe ili pamzere wokhotakhota wa bwalo. Zitsanzo ndi OA, OB ndi OC.
+ Chord ndi mzere wowongoka womwe umalumikiza mfundo ziwiri pamzere wokhota. Zitsanzo ndi AC ndi AB.
+ Diameter ndi mzere wowongoka wolumikiza mfundo ziwiri pamzere wokhotakhota womwe umadutsa pakati pa bwalo. Chifukwa chake m'mimba mwakeyi ndi chingwe chomwe chimadutsa pakati pa bwalo. Chitsanzo ndi AB
+ Arc ndi mzere wokhotakhota pabwalo womwe umalumikiza mfundo ziwiri pamapindikira a bwalolo. Zitsanzo ndi mizere yokhotakhota AB, BC, AC, AC
+ Mzere ndi malo omwe ali pabwalo lomangidwa ndi ma radii awiri ndi arc ya bwalo lozungulira ndi ma radii awiriwa. Chitsanzo ndi Juring BOC
+ Gawo ndi gawo la bwalo lomangidwa ndi chord ndi arc ya bwalo. Chitsanzo ndi malo alalanje pachithunzichi
+ Apothem ndi mtunda kuchokera pakatikati pa bwalo kupita kumalo ozungulira bwalo.
+
+Zolemba
+Mpikisano wa World Cup wa 2022 FIFA World Cup ndi 22nd FIFA World Cup, mpikisano wampira wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe magulu aamuna am'mabungwe a FIFA amapikisana nawo. Zikuchitika ku Qatar kuyambira 20 November mpaka 18 December 2022. Iyi ndi World Cup yoyamba yomwe idzachitike m'mayiko achiarabu, ndipo World Cup yachiwiri inachitikira kwathunthu ku Asia pambuyo pa mpikisano wa 2002 ku South Korea ndi Japan. France ndiye omwe adateteza, atagonjetsa Croatia 4-2 kumapeto kwa FIFA World Cup ya 2018.
+
+Mpikisanowu ukuyenera kukhala womaliza wokhala ndi magulu 32 omwe akutenga nawo mbali, pomwe bwalo lidzakwera mpaka matimu 48 mu kope la 2026. Masewera pamwambowu aziseweredwa m'malo asanu ndi atatu m'mizinda isanu. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa chilimwe ku Qatar, World Cup iyi ikuchitika mu Novembala ndi Disembala. Iseweredwa mu nthawi yochepetsedwa ya masiku 29. Masewera otsegulira anali pakati pa Qatar ndi Ecuador pa Al Bayt Stadium, Al Khor. M'masewera awo oyamba a World Cup, Qatar idagonja 2-0, kukhala dziko loyamba lokhala nawo kuluza masewera awo otsegulira. Chomaliza chidzachitika pa Disembala 18, 2022 ku Lusail Stadium, limodzi ndi Tsiku la Dziko la Qatar.
+
+Chisankho chochititsa World Cup ku Qatar chatsutsidwa, makamaka kumayiko akumadzulo. Kudzudzula kunayang'ana mbiri yoyipa yaufulu wachibadwidwe ku Qatar, kuphatikiza momwe amachitira ndi ogwira ntchito osamukira kumayiko ena ndi amayi komanso udindo wawo paufulu wa LGBT, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti aziimba mlandu wotsuka masewera. Ena ati kukhathamira kwanyengo ku Qatar komanso kusowa kwa chikhalidwe cholimba cha mpira ndi umboni wa ziphuphu za ufulu wolandira komanso katangale wa FIFA. Ziwopsezo zamwambowu zidalengezedwa ndi mayiko angapo, makalabu ndi osewera aliyense payekhapayekha, pomwe Purezidenti wakale wa FIFA Sepp Blatter adanenanso kawiri kuti kupatsa Qatar ufulu wokhala ndi "cholakwika", pomwe Purezidenti wa FIFA Gianni Infantino adateteza kuchititsa. Mkanganowu udafotokozedwa ngati mkangano wachikhalidwe pakati pa chikhalidwe cha Chisilamu ndi maulamuliro a demokalase aku Western.
+
+Mwachidule 
+Mpikisano wa FIFA World Cup ndi mpikisano wamasewera wa akatswiri omwe amachitikira pakati pa magulu a mpira. Wokonzedwa ndi FIFA, mpikisanowu, womwe umachitika zaka zinayi zilizonse, udayamba kuseweredwa mu 1930 ku Uruguay ndipo wakhala akupikisana ndi magulu 32 kuyambira chochitika cha 1998. Mpikisanowu uli ndi magulu asanu ndi atatu ozungulira otsatiridwa ndi ma knockout kwa matimu 16. Osewera omwe adateteza ndi timu ya mpira waku France, yomwe idagonjetsa Croatia 4-2 mu final ya FIFA World Cup ya 2018. Chochitikacho chikuyenera kuchitika pansi pautali wochepa, kuyambira 20 November mpaka 18 December ku Qatar. Kuchitikira ku Qatar, ndi mpikisano woyamba wa World Cup kuchitikira kumayiko achiarabu. Owonerera sanafunikire kutsatira zoletsa zambiri za mliri wa COVID-19 monga kusalumikizana ndi anthu, kuvala masks, ndi mayeso oyipa.
+
+Ndalama za mphoto 
+Mu Epulo 2022, FIFA idalengeza za mphotho zamayiko onse omwe akutenga nawo mbali. Gulu lililonse loyenerera lidzalandira $1.5 miliyoni mpikisano usanachitike kuti athe kulipira ndalama zokonzekera ndipo timu iliyonse ilandila ndalama zosachepera $9 miliyoni. Mphotho yonse ya kopeli idzakhala $440 miliyoni, $40 miliyoni kuposa ndalama zomwe zidaperekedwa m'mbuyomu.
+
+Kusintha kwa malamulo 
+Mpikisanowu ukhala ndi malamulo olowa m'malo pomwe matimu atha kupanga osintha asanu munthawi yake, ndikusinthanso kwina mu nthawi yowonjezera. Kuonjezera apo, ikakhale World Cup yoyamba kukhala ndi ma concussion substitution, pomwe timu iliyonse imaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito choloweza m'malo mwa concussion imodzi pamasewera. Kusintha kwa concussion sikutengera kuchuluka kwa magulu omwe amasinthidwa pafupipafupi. Goloboyi waku Iran Alireza Beiranvand adakhala woyamba kulowa m'malo mwamasewera a World Cup, atachotsedwa pamasewera otsegulira dziko lawo motsutsana ndi England.
+
+Zolemba 
+FIFA World Cup
+Fainali ya 1985 UEFA Cup inali mgwirizano wa mpira wamasewera womwe unaseweredwa pa 8 May ndi 22 May 1985 pakati pa Real Madrid yaku Spain ndi Videoton yaku Hungary. Real Madrid yapambana 3-1 pamagulu onse. Real pambuyo pake ipanga izi kukhala kapu kawiri, ndikupambana Copa de la Liga pa 15 June pambuyo pomaliza komaliza kwamiyendo iwiri, motsutsana ndi omwe akudutsa tawuni ya Atlético Madrid.
+
+Kupambana kwa Real Madrid mu 1985 UEFA Cup kudakhala siliva woyamba ku Europe pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri (izi zisanachitike, ulemu wawo womaliza ku Europe udali kupambana mu European Cup ya 1965-66).
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri 
+
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Fainali ya 1986 UEFA Cup inali mgwirizano wa mpira wamasewera womwe umasewera pa 30 Epulo ndi 6 Meyi 1986 pakati pa Real Madrid yaku Spain ndi Köln waku West Germany. Madrid idapambana 5-3 pawiri ndipo, pochita izi, idateteza bwino dzina lawo la UEFA Cup kuyambira chaka chatha.
+
+Njira yopita komaliza 
+Pofika komaliza, onse a Real Madrid ndi FC Köln adapindula pochita bwino kwambiri kunyumba. M'mipikisano isanu yoyambirira ya mpikisano, Los Blancos adapambana miyendo yonse isanu, kupitilira otsutsa ndi zigoli 19 mpaka 2 pamasewera omwe adaseweredwa ku Bernabéu ku Madrid. Köln analinso wamkulu pamasewera awo akunyumba-- mumpikisano wonse, timu yaku West Germany idangolola chigoli chimodzi ndikusewera ngati timu yakunyumba.
+
+Mugawo lachitatu, Real Madrid idabwezanso modabwitsa motsutsana ndi osewera awiri Borussia Mönchengladbach. Itatha kuphwanyidwa ndi Gladbach mu mwendo wakutali ndi zigoli 5-1, Real idabwereranso kuti ipambane 4-0 mumpikisano wobwereza, motero idapitilira zigoli zakutali. Izi zimawonedwabe ngati chimodzi mwazinthu zobwereranso kwambiri m'mbiri ya mpira waku Europe.
+
+Ichi chinalinso chaka chachiwiri motsatana pomwe Real Madrid idachotsa Inter Milan mu semi-finals ya UEFA Cup.
+
+Tsatanetsatane wamasewera
+
+Njira yoyamba
+
+Mwendo wachiwiri
+
+Kusintha kwadongosolo 
+Masewera achiwiri adayenera kuchitika Lachinayi, 8 Meyi, koma adasunthidwa Lachiwiri, Meyi 6, kutsatira pempho la Real Madrid chifukwa chamasewera awo akunyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, masewerawa adaseweredwa ku Berlin m'malo mwa Cologne chifukwa cha zilango zomwe UEFA adapereka ku Köln zonena kuti azisewera osachepera 350 km kuchokera pabwalo lawo lanyumba pambuyo pamavuto omwe adabwera nawo pamasewera achiwiri a semi-final motsutsana ndi Waregem. [kutchulidwa kofunikira]
+
+Zotsatira 
+Monga Real Madrid idachita koyambirira kwa mpikisano, Köln adalowa mumpikisano wachiwiri 5-1 pansi. Komabe, a Die Geißböcke sanathe kubwereza kubwereza kopambana kwachitatu kwa Real motsutsana ndi Mönchengladbach. Ngakhale Köln adapambana masewerawa 2-0 kunyumba, sikunali kokwanira, ndipo Real idasankhidwa kukhala akatswiri kwa chaka chachiwiri chotsatira.
+
+Zolemba 
+UEFA Cup Finals
+Tara Air Flight 197 inali ulendo wapanyumba woyendetsedwa ndi Tara Air wa kampani yayikulu ya Yeti Airlines kuchokera ku Pokhara Airport kupita ku eyapoti ya Jomsom ku Nepal. Pa 29 May 2022, ndege ya Twin Otter yonyamula anthu 22 (okwera 19 ndi ogwira ntchito 3) inanyamuka nthawi ya 9:55 Nepal Standard Time (UTC+05:45) ndipo inasiya kukumana ndi oyang'anira ndege pafupi ndi mphindi 12 pambuyo pa 10:07. Zowonongekazo zinapezeka patatha maola 20 m'mphepete mwa phiri. Onse 22 okwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adaphedwa ndi matupi onse 22 achotsedwa. Iyi inali ngozi yachiwiri yakufa kwa Tara Air panjira iyi, pambuyo pa Flight 193 mu 2016.
+
+Chochitika 
+Ndegeyo idanyamuka ku Pokhara nthawi ya 9:55 am nthawi ya komweko ndipo idayenera kutera pa eyapoti ya Jomsom 10:15 am. Malinga ndi a Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN), idasiya kulumikizana ndi oyang'anira magalimoto nthawi ya 10:07 am, pamwamba pa Ghorepani, Chigawo cha Myagdi.
+
+Ozunzidwa 
+Ndegeyo inali yonyamula anthu 22, ndipo okwera 19 anali anthu 13 aku Nepal, Amwenye anayi ndi nzika ziwiri zaku Germany. Panali oyendetsa ndege awiri ndi wothandizira ndege pakati pa anthu 13 aku Nepal omwe anali paulendowu. NDTV idati anthu anayi aku India omwe adakwerawo anali abanja limodzi ku Mumbai.
+
+Yankho ladzidzidzi 
+Kufufuza kunalepheretsedwa ndi nyengo yoipa. CAAN inanena kuti helikopita yofufuza kuchokera ku Jomsom iyenera kupanga ulendo wobwerera chifukwa cha nyengo. Kufufuza kunachitikanso ndi Kailash Air, koma adalephera kupeza ndegeyo. Malo a foni a woyendetsa ndegeyo adatsatiridwa ndi ofufuza ndi opulumutsa mothandizidwa ndi Nepal Telecom. Mneneri wochokera ku Yeti Airlines adati zomwe zidatsata zikuwonetsa malo omaliza a foniyo anali pafupi ndi Lete, mudzi womwe uli m'boma la Mustang. CAAN idati cholumikizira chadzidzidzi chachepetsa malo omaliza odziwika kuzungulira dera la Khaibang.
+
+Anthu aku Lete adadziwitsa apolisi za "phokoso lachilendo" pafupi ndi mudziwo. Wapolisi wina ananena kuti apolisi atumiza helikoputala kumaloko. Oyang'anira magalimoto a ndege ku Jomsom Airport adanenanso kuti akumva phokoso lalikulu panthawi yomwe akusowa.
+
+Patatha maola asanu zitadziwika kuti zasowa, kuwonongeka kwa ndegeyo kunapezeka pafupi ndi mudzi wa Kowang m'chigawo cha Mustang. Anthu okhalamo akuti adawona ndege yoyaka moto m'munsi mwa phiri la Manapathi, pafupi ndi mtsinje wamtsinje. Mkulu wina wa gulu lankhondo la ku Nepal ananena kuti anthuwo anali kupita kumalo kumene ngoziyi inachitikira. Ntchito zosaka ndi kupulumutsa zidayimitsidwa mawa tsiku lomwelo chifukwa cha chipale chofewa pamalo omwe akuganiziridwa kuti anachita ngozi. Mkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Nepali adalemba pa tweet kuti "kutayika kwa masana ndi nyengo yoyipa" kudapangitsa kuti kusaka ndi kupulumutsa kuthe. Kusaka ndi kupulumutsa kukuyembekezeka kuyambiranso m'mawa wotsatira.
+
+Pa 30 Meyi, pafupifupi maola 20 zitadziwika kuti zasowa, kuwonongeka kwa ndegeyo kudapezeka ndi alimi aku Sanosware, Thasang Rural Municipality m'boma la Mustang. Zinapezeka pamalo okwera 14,500 ft (4,400 m). Palibe opulumuka mwa anthu 22 omwe adapezeka mu ndegeyi. Malinga ndi a Tara Air, matupi 14 adapezedwa mkati mwa mtunda wa mita 100 kuchokera pomwe ngoziyo idachitika. Chojambulira ndege ("bokosi lakuda") chinapezedwanso. Chithunzi cha malo ochita ngoziwo chinasonyeza mbali zina za mchira ndi mapiko.
+
+Zomwe anachita 
+Kazembe waku India ku Nepal adalemba pa Twitter za kutayikako atangouzidwa kuti: "Ndege ya Tara Air 9NAET yomwe idanyamuka ku Pokhara nthawi ya 9.55 AM lero ndi anthu 22 omwe adakwera, kuphatikiza amwenye 4, yasowa. Ntchito zosaka ndi zopulumutsa zinalipo panthawiyo. zikupitilira. A kazembe akulumikizana ndi banja lawo."
+
+Zolemba 
+2022 mu Nepal
+Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; 21 April 1926 - 8 September 2022) anal Mfumukazi ya ku United Kingdom kuyambira 6 February 1952 mpaka imfa yake mu 2022. zolembedwa motalika kwambiri mwa mfumu iliyonse ya dziko lodziimira. Pa nthawi ya imfa yake, Elizabeth analinso Mfumukazi ya mayiko ena 14 a Commonwealth, kuwonjezera pa United Kingdom. suce ma queue
+
+Elizabeth anabadwira ku Mayfair, London, monga mwana woyamba wa Duke ndi Duchess aku York (kenako King George VI ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeth). Abambo ake adakhala pampando wachifumu mu 1936 atalandidwa mchimwene wake, King Edward VIII, ndikupangitsa Elizabeti kukhala wodzikuza. Anaphunzitsidwa payekha kunyumba ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito zaboma pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, akutumikira mu Auxiliary Territorial Service. Mu November 1947, anakwatiwa ndi Philip Mountbatten, yemwe kale anali kalonga wa Greece ndi Denmark, ndipo ukwati wawo unatha zaka 73 mpaka imfa yake mu April 2021. Iwo anali ndi ana anayi: Charles III; Anne, Mfumukazi Yachifumu; Prince Andrew, Duke waku York; ndi Prince Edward, Earl wa Wessex.
+
+Bambo ake atamwalira mu February 1952, Elizabeth, yemwe panthaŵiyo anali ndi zaka 25, anakhala mfumukazi m’mayiko asanu ndi aŵiri odziimira okha a Commonwealth: United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, ndi Ceylon (lero limatchedwa Sri Lanka). komanso Mutu wa Commonwealth. Elizabeti analamulira monga mfumu ya malamulo kudzera mu kusintha kwakukulu kwa ndale monga Troubles ku Northern Ireland, devolution ku United Kingdom, decolonization of Africa, ndi United Kingdom kulowa mu European Communities ndi kuchoka ku European Union. Chiŵerengero cha madera ake chinasiyana m’kupita kwa nthaŵi pamene madera akupeza ufulu wodzilamulira ndipo madera ena asanduka malipabuliki. Maulendo ake ambiri akale ndi misonkhano ikuphatikizapo maulendo a boma ku China mu 1986, Russia mu 1994, Republic of Ireland mu 2011, ndi maulendo asanu ndi Papa.
+
+Zochitika zazikulu zikuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa Elizabeti mu 1953 komanso zikondwerero za Silver, Golden, Diamond, ndi Platinum Jubilees mu 1977, 2002, 2012, ndi 2022 motsatana. Elizabeti anali mfumu ya ku Britain yomwe inakhala kwautali kwambiri ndiponso inalamulira kwautali kwambiri kuposa mfumu ina iliyonse ya ku Britain, ndiponso inali yachiwiri kwa mfumu yodziwika kwautali kwambiri pa mbiri ya padziko lonse, koma pambuyo pa Louis XIV wa ku France. Nthawi zina amakumana ndi malingaliro aku Republican komanso kudzudzula banja lake, makamaka pambuyo pakusokonekera kwa maukwati a ana ake, annus horribilis wake mu 1992, komanso imfa ya mpongozi wake wakale Diana, Princess of Wales, mu 1997. chifukwa ufumu wa ku United Kingdom udali wapamwamba kwambiri, monganso kutchuka kwake. Elizabeth anamwalira pa 8 September 2022 ku Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire. Anatsogoleredwa ndi mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu, Charles III.
+
+Zolemba 
+1926 kubadwa
+2022 imfa
+Ulamuliro wachifumu waku United Kingdom, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa ufumu wa Britain, ndiye mtundu waboma lomwe wolamulira wolowa cholowa amalamulira monga mtsogoleri wa dziko la United Kingdom, a Crown Dependencies (Bailiwick waku Guernsey, Bailiwick waku Jersey). ndi Isle of Man) ndi British Overseas Territories. Mfumu yapano ndi Mfumukazi Charles III, yemwe adakhala pampando wachifumu mu 2022.
+
+Amfumu ndi banja lawo lapafupi amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zamwambo, zaukazembe komanso zoyimira. Popeza ufumuwo uli ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, mfumuyi imangogwira ntchito monga kupatsa ulemu komanso kusankha nduna, zomwe zimachitika mopanda tsankho. Mfumuyi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Gulu Lankhondo Laku Britain. Ngakhale akuluakulu aboma akadali ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera boma ndi ulamuliro wa mfumu, mphamvuzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa kunyumba yamalamulo komanso, motsata malamulo. Boma la United Kingdom limadziwika kuti Her (His) Majsty's Government.
+
+Ulamuliro wachifumu waku Britain udachokera ku maufumu ang'onoang'ono a Anglo-Saxon England ndi Scotland wakale wakale, omwe adaphatikizana mu maufumu aku England ndi Scotland pofika zaka za zana la 10. England inagonjetsedwa ndi Normans mu 1066, pambuyo pake Wales nayenso pang'onopang'ono anayamba kulamulidwa ndi Anglo-Normans. Ntchitoyi idamalizidwa m'zaka za zana la 13 pomwe Utsogoleri waku Wales udakhala dziko lamakasitomala mu ufumu wa Chingerezi. Panthawiyi, Magna Carta adayamba njira yochepetsera mphamvu zandale za mfumu ya Chingerezi. Kuyambira mu 1603, maufumu a England ndi Scotland ankalamulidwa ndi mfumu imodzi. Kuchokera mu 1649 mpaka 1660, mwambo wa monarchy unasweka ndi republican Commonwealth of England, yomwe inatsatira Nkhondo za Mafumu Atatu. Pambuyo pa kuikidwa kwa William ndi Mary monga mafumu anzake m’Chigwirizano Chachikulu cholemekezeka, Bill of Rights 1689, ndi mnzake wa ku Scotland wotchedwa Claim of Right Act 1689, zinachepetsanso mphamvu za ufumu wa monarchy ndi kuchotsa Aroma Katolika pampando wachifumu. Mu 1707, maufumu a England ndi Scotland anaphatikizidwa kupanga Ufumu wa Great Britain, ndipo mu 1801, Ufumu wa Ireland unagwirizana kupanga United Kingdom of Great Britain ndi Ireland. Mfumu ya ku Britain inali mtsogoleri mwadzina wa Ufumu waukulu wa Britain, umene unatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a dziko lonse lapansi pamlingo waukulu koposa mu 1921.
+
+The Balfour Declaration of 1926 inazindikira kusinthika kwa Dominions of the Empire kukhala mayiko osiyana, odzilamulira okha mkati mwa Commonwealth of Nations. M’zaka za nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse itatha, maiko ndi madera ambiri a ku Britain anakhala odziimira paokha, zomwe zinathetsa ufumuwo. George VI ndi wolowa m'malo mwake, Elizabeth II, adatenga mutu wa Mutu wa Commonwealth ngati chizindikiro chaufulu wamayiko omwe ali mamembala ake odziyimira pawokha. United Kingdom ndi mayiko ena khumi ndi anayi odziimira okha omwe amagawana munthu yemweyo monga mfumu yawo amatchedwa maiko a Commonwealth. Ngakhale kuti mfumuyi imagawidwa, dziko lirilonse liri lodziimira palokha komanso lodziyimira pawokha, ndipo mfumuyi ili ndi dzina ladziko lina, lachindunji, komanso lovomerezeka pamtundu uliwonse.
+
+Zolemba 
+Ufumu wa Britain
+Boma la United Kingdom
+Wiki Amakonda Dziko Lapansi (Mu chingerezi Wiki Loves Earth) ndi mpikisano wapachaka wapadziko lonse wojambula zithunzi womwe unachitika mu Meyi ndi Juni, wokonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi mamembala a Wikipedia mothandizidwa ndi othandizira a Wikimedia padziko lonse lapansi. Ophunzira amatenga zithunzi za zolengedwa zakumaloko komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino m'maiko awo, ndikuziyika ku Wikimedia Commons.
+
+Cholinga cha mwambowu ndikuwonetsa madera otetezedwa a mayiko omwe akutenga nawo mbali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa anthu kujambula zithunzi za malowa, ndikuziyika pansi pa chilolezo chaulere chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito osati pa Wikipedia kokha koma kulikonse. aliyense.
+
+Mpikisano woyamba wa Wiki Loves Earth unachitika mu 2013 ku Ukraine, ndipo mpikisanowo unakhala wapadziko lonse lapansi mu 2014. Mu 2019, mayiko 37 adachita nawo mpikisanowu.
+
+Mu 2020, mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi wakulitsidwa mpaka Julayi ngati yankho ku mliri wapadziko lonse wa COVID-19. Pofika kumapeto kwa Juni, mayiko 35 alengeza kuti atenga nawo gawo pamipikisano ya 2021, ndipo zithunzi zopitilira 63,000 zidakwezedwa mpaka pano.
+
+Zolemba 
+Wiki Amakonda Dziko Lapansi
+Magulu a Wiki
+Zochitika zobwerezabwereza zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu 2013
+Chanda Kangwa (wobadwa pa June 3, 1989) wodziwika bwino ndi dzina loti DJ Roxy ndi mkonzi wa wailesi ya Zambia ku Zambia. Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake pa Radio Phoenix. Ndiwopambana ka 2 pa mphotho ya Best Female Radio DJ pa Mosi Zambian Music Award mu 2015 ndi 2016. Kangwa adagwirapo kale ntchito ku Muvi Tv ngati wothandizira wopanga mu 2009.
+
+Moyo ndi ntchito 
+Kangwa anabadwira ku Luanshya mwana wamkazi wa Michael Kangwa amadziwika kuti "Space Kid" yemwe adapambana 1989 Zambia's Best Club DJ of the year. Mu unyamata wake Kangwa ankangofuna kukhala mtolankhani kapena woyimba.
+
+Zolemba 
+1989 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+Pa 5 June 2022, kuphulitsa kwa anthu ambiri ndi mabomba kunachitika pa tchalitchi cha Katolika mumzinda wa Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria.
+
+Mbiri 
+Zambiri: Zigawenga za Boko Haram, mikangano yamagulu ku Nigeria, mikangano ya Herder ndi alimi ku Nigeria, zigawenga ku Southeastern Nigeria, ndi mikangano ya achifwamba ku Nigeria.
+
+Ondo State ndi dziko lamtendere kusiyana ndi dziko lonse la Nigeria, lomwe lakhala likulimbana ndi zigawenga za jihadist, komanso kulimbana ndi achifwamba kwa zaka zoposa khumi, komanso zigawenga zodzipatula. Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwawa pakati pa alimi ndi osamukasamuka ku Ondo kudalembedwa chiwembucho chisanachitike. Posachedwapa boma la boma lakhazikitsa malamulo oletsa kudyetsera ziweto.
+
+Kuukira 
+Kuukiraku kudachitika ku tchalitchi cha Katolika cha St. Francis Xavier mdera la boma la Owo cha m'ma 11:30 AM. (GMT+1) Olambira omwe anali mkati mwa mpingowo anali kuchita misa pamene ankakondwerera Pentekosti. Zigawengazo zinalowa m’tchalitchimo zitabisala ngati anthu onyamula zikwama m’kati mwake momwe amabisamo mfuti. Zigawenga zinaphulitsa zida zophulika kunja kwa nyumbayo ndikuyamba kuwombera mfuti. Ena mwa anthu ophwanya malamulowo anawombera m’nyumbayo. Oukirawo amene anadzinamiza kukhala olambira anatulutsa mfuti zawo ndi kuwombera mnyamata wogulitsa masiwiti pakhomo, ndipo anapitiriza kuwomba moto kwa opita kutchalitchiwo, kuwombera aliyense amene anaona akusuntha kapena kuyesa kudzuka. Anthu angapo odutsa nawonso anawomberedwa ndi zipolopolo. Makanema anaonetsa mitembo ya anthu akufa itagona m’madziwe a magazi pansi. Anthu opita kutchalitchiwo anayesa kuthawa m’nyumbayo, koma khomo lalikulu linali lokhoma ndipo zigawengazo zinawombera anthu amene ankafuna kudutsa zitseko ziwiri zotsalazo.
+
+Wansembe wina amene anapulumuka chiwembucho ananena kuti chiwembucho chinachitika pamene tchalitchi “[chinali] pafupi kumaliza utumiki. Ndinali nditauzanso anthu kuti ayambe kuchoka, umu ndi mmene tinayambira kumva kulira kwa mfuti mosiyanasiyana. anthu ena anali atachoka pamene chiwembucho chinachitika. Tinadzitsekera m’tchalitchimo kwa mphindi 20. Titamva kuti achoka, tinatsegula tchalitchicho n’kuthamangitsira ovulalawo kuchipatala.” Wansembe wina amene anatuluka m’nyumbayo kwakanthaŵi chiwembucho chisanachitike ananena kuti akubwerera kutchalitchiko pamene anthu amene anapulumuka akuthamanga panja anamuimitsa n’kumuuza kuti m’katimo mukuchitika chiwembu.
+
+Mboni ina inati inaona zigawenga 5 zimene zinayambitsa ziwawazo. Apolisi awiri achitetezo aphedwanso.
+
+Ovulala 
+Bungwe la National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) lati pa 7 June kuti pafupifupi mitembo 22 yachiwembucho ili m’chipinda chosungiramo mitembo chachipatala cha m’deralo, kuphatikizapo ana awiri, ndipo anthu osachepera 58 avulala. Mitembo yambiri patchalitchipo idatengedwa ndi achibale awo kukaika maliro kunyumba kwawo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe anamwalira. Pa 9 June boma lidakonzanso ziwerengero zawo zakufa mpaka 40, ponena kuti opulumuka 61 ovulala akadali m'chipatala.
+
+A Mboni ndi mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani anena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe aphedwa ndi opitilira 50. Wandale wakuderalo Adelegbe Timileyin adati anthu opitilira 50 omwe afa kuphatikiza ana, pomwe magwero ena akuti anthu ambiri omwe anamwalira. Dokotala wina ananena kuti pafupifupi matupi 50 apezeka. Timileyin adatinso wansembeyo adabedwa, zomwe diocese ya Roma Katolika ya Ondo idakana. M’busa wa mu Dayosiziyo adati wansembeyo ndi abusa ena ali bwino. Mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Ondo State House of Assembly Oluwole Ogunmolasuyi adayendera malo omwe adawukirawo ndipo adawerengera osachepera 20 omwe adafa, akuyerekeza kuti anthu omwe anamwalira ali pakati pa 70 ndi 100. Madokotala adauza atolankhani kuti chiwembucho chidayambitsa ngozi yayikulu ndipo zipatala zam'deralo zidadzaza kwambiri. ndi ozunzidwa.
+
+Zotsatira zake 
+Bwanamkubwa wa boma la Ondo, Rotimi Akeredolu, adaletsa ulendo wake ku Abuja ndikupita kumalo omwe anaukira; adachitcha kuti "vile ndi satana", komanso "Lamlungu lakuda mu Owo". Akeredolu adalumbira kuti "apereka chilichonse chomwe chilipo kuti asakasaka zigawengazi ndikuwalipira." Purezidenti wa Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari, adadzudzula chiwembuchi ponena kuti "ndizowopsa kwa opembedza." Mtsogoleri wa mpingo wakatolika pa dziko lonse Papa Francisco wapempherera anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi omwe "adavutika kwambiri panthawi yachisangalalo."
+
+Palibe gulu lomwe ladzinenera kukhala ndi udindo, ndipo akuluakulu aboma kapena akuluakulu aboma sanaimbe mlandu aliyense; anthu ambiri amtundu wa Owo ochokera ku fuko la Yoruba adadzudzula abusa a Hausa ndi Fulani kuti ndi ogwirizana. Apolisi apeza zida zitatu zosaphulitsidwa pamalopo, komanso zipolopolo zingapo za zida za AK-47. Patangotha ​​masiku anayi chiwembuchi chinachitika, bungwe la National Security Council linanena kuti dziko la West Africa la Islamic State likuganiziridwa kuti ndilo lachititsa chiwembucho.
+
+Kuphaku kudalandiridwa modabwitsa kwambiri ndi anthu aku Nigeria. Yankho la Purezidenti Buhari ndi chipani chake cha All Progressives Congress chinadzudzulidwa ngati chosakwanira, ndipo Buhari adayambitsa mikangano atagwidwa akuchita phwando ndi maola ena a APC.
+
+Zolemba 
+Chikatolika ku Nigeria
+Kuphulitsa mabomba m’tchalitchi
+Shinzo Abe mlandu wowombera(安倍晋三銃撃事件)chinali chochitika chakupha chomwe chinachitika ku Nara, Japan pa Julayi 8, 2022.
+Bambo wazaka 41 adapha Shinzo Abe, yemwe anali Prime Minister waku Japan.
+Munthu yemwe adawomberayo adamangidwa patangopita nthawi yochepa.
+Edgar de Wahl (Olviopol, Ogasiti 11, 1867 - Estonia, 1948) ndiye adapanga chilankhulo chothandizira padziko lonse lapansi chotchedwa Interlingue.
+
+de Wahl anaphunzitsidwa ku Saint Petersburg ndipo modzifunira anamaliza ntchito ya usilikali mu Imperial Russian Navy. Mu 1894, anasamukira ku Tallinn, kumene anakhalako pafupifupi moyo wake wonse. Anagwira ntchito yophunzitsa pasukulu, kuphunzitsa m’masukulu osiyanasiyana ku Tallinn. Nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse isanayambe ndiponso ili mkati, analinso phungu wa mzinda wa Tallinn.
+
+Edgar de Wahl ankakonda kuphunzira zinenero monga ntchito yosangalatsa, anali asanaiphunzire, ndipo sanagwire ntchito yaukatswiri monga katswiri wa zinenero. Chidwi cha De Wahl m'zinenero, ndipo makamaka zinenero zopanga, zinayamba kale pamene adaphunzira ku St. Iye anayamba monga wochirikiza Volapük ndipo kenaka anayamba kuloŵerera m’Chiesperanto, pokhala mmodzi wa Achiesperanto oyambirira. Komabe, m’zaka khumi zomalizira za zaka za zana la 19, kufunafuna chinenero chatsopano choyenerera chapadziko lonse kunayamba, chimene mu 1922 chinatsogolera ku kuyambitsidwa kwa chinenero chotchedwa chinenero cha Azungu ndipo, makamaka, kufalitsidwa kwa magazini a Kosmoglott, amene analinganizidwiratu. kulimbikitsa chilankhulo.
+
+de Wahl adapereka mwayi wokhazikika ku Germany mu 1939, akukhala ku Estonia ndikupita ku chipatala cha amisala cha Seewald panthawi yomwe Germany idalanda. Mu 1945, ali m’chipatala cha anthu odwala matenda amisala, anapulumuka mwangozi kuthamangitsidwa ndipo anafera komweko mu 1948.
+
+Mu 1949, chinenero chimene iye anachipanga chinadzatchedwanso kuti Chinterligue, ndipo ndi dzina limeneli chikudziwikabe mpaka pano.
+
+Gwero 
+Edgar von Wahl anali membala wa mzere wosayendetsedwa wa Päinurme wa Wahls (Haus Assick). Agogo aamuna a Edgar von Wahl anali a Carl Gustav von Wahl omwe adapeza nyumba za Pajusi, Tapik ndi Kavastu komanso anali eni ake a Kaave Manor kwakanthawi kochepa. Carl Gustav von Wahl anali ndi ana okwana 14 ochokera m'maukwati awiri, omwe mizere ingapo ya Wahl idachokera. Mmodzi wa iwo, agogo ake a Edgar von Wahl, Alexei von Wahl, yemwe anali mkulu wa boma amene anagula Päinurme mu 1837, anayala maziko a mzere wa Päinurme. Kuphatikiza apo, anali wobwereka ku Taevere Manor, komwe abambo a Edgar von Wahl, Oskar von Wahl (1841-1906), adabadwa.
+
+Mizu ya Edgar von Wahl inafikira ku England. Mmodzi mwa agogo ake aakazi, Henriette Edwards, mkazi woyamba wa Carl Gustav von Wahl, anali mwana wamkazi wa wamalonda wachingelezi George Edwards. Agogo aakazi ena, Kornelia Elisabeth Knirsch, mkazi wa Alexei von Wahl, anali amayi a Marie Turner wa ku England.
+
+Bambo ake a Edgar von Wahl, Oskar von Wahl, katswiri wa njanji ndi ntchito yake, anakwatira Lydia Amalie Marie von Husen (1845-1907) ku Tallinn mu 1866.
+
+Wambiri
+
+Ubwana ndi unyamata 
+Edgar von Wahl anabadwira ku Olviopol, Ukraine, pa August 23, 1867. Makolo ake adasamukira kumeneko chifukwa Oskar von Wahl anayamba kugwira ntchito pa njanji ya Odesa-Balta-Krementšuk-Kharkov ku 1866. 4 Pali zotsutsana zokhudzana ndi malo enieni a njanji. Kubadwa kwa Wahl. Monga lamulo, mzinda umene anabadwira ndi mzinda wa Olviopol, koma pali magwero35 omwe akuphatikizapo mzinda wa Bogopil (komanso Bogopol) pafupi ndi Olviopol, kudutsa Mtsinje wa South Bug, monga malo ake obadwira. Mizinda yonse iwiriyi yadziwika m’magwero ena.
+
+Pofika 1869 posachedwa, banja la Wahl linasamukira ku Krementšuk. Abale ake onse a Wahl anabadwira kumeneko: Oskar Paul Karl, yemwe anamwalira ali khanda mu 1869, ndi Arthur Johann Oskar (anamwalira 1951) mu 1870. Alongo ake awiri a Wahl, Lydia Jenny Cornelia (1871-1917) ndi Harriet Marie Jenny (1873-1873- 1920) anabadwira ku Tallinn ndi Jenny Theophile (anamwalira 1961) ku Saint Petersburg mu 1877.
+
+Banjali linasamukira ku Saint Petersburg mu 1876 pambuyo pa nthawi yapakati ku Tallinn. M’chaka chomwecho, Edgar von Wahl anayamba kuphunzira pa 3rd St. Petersburg Gymnasium, ndipo anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1886. Kenako anaphunzira za zomangamanga ndipo kenako anaphunzira kujambula pa yunivesite ya St. Petersburg Faculty of Physics and Mathematics komanso pa Academy of Petersburg Arts. Atalowa ku yunivesite mu 1886, Wahl adalowa nawo ku Nevania Baltic German corporation, yomwe inkagwira ntchito ku St. zojambulajambula pa Sukulu ya Elementary ya Academy of Arts mu 1893. Atamaliza maphunziro awo ku koleji, Wahl anagwira ntchito mwachidule monga mphunzitsi wolowa m'malo ku St. Petersburg chakumapeto kwa 1891, koma kuti alowe usilikali.
+
+Wahl adaphunzira zilankhulo zingapo ali mwana komanso wachinyamata. Ali mwana, anaphunzira Chijeremani, Chirasha, Chiestonia ndi Chifalansa, kusukulu ya sekondale yapamwamba anaphunzira Chilatini ndi Chigiriki chakale, ndi Chispanya ku yunivesite. M’mawu a Wahl mwiniwake, iye anali kale ndi chikhumbo chopanga chinenero chatsopano ali mwana. Kwa masewera a ku India, adapanga "chinenero cha Indian", galamala yomwe inachokera ku Greek ndi Estonian.
+
+Utumiki wa usilikali 
+
+Mu 1892, de Wahl anadzipereka kutumikira m’gulu la asilikali apamadzi a ku Russia. Pautumiki wake, de Wahl adayenda kwambiri, akuyendera zilumba za Caribbean ndi United States, pakati pa ena. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1894, adalandira udindo wa mitchman, ndikupuma posakhalitsa. Anatumikira ku Baltic Fleet mpaka October 1905. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, sanaloŵe nawo m’nkhondo za Nkhondo ya Russo-Japan.
+
+Malinga ndi zokumbukira za Olev Mikiver, wojambula waku Estonia yemwe amamudziwa bwino de Wahl ali wachinyamata, adanyadira kwambiri yunifolomu ya mkulu wake wanthawi yachifumu ndipo nthawi zina amavala zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake:
+
+E. de Wahl, mwa njira, anali msilikali wa asilikali ankhondo a Tsar ali wamng'ono ndipo, malinga ndi mawu ake, analetsa kupanduka kwa oyendetsa sitima ku Sveaborg, doko la asilikali kapena linga la nyanja la Helsinki, lomwe tsopano limatchedwa Suomenlinna, mu 1905. kapena 1906. Ayenera kuti ankaona kuti nthawiyi ndi yopatulika, chifukwa patapita zaka makumi angapo, mwachitsanzo, paukwati wa mlongo wanga, adawonekera mu yunifolomu ya tsarist.
+
+Memoirs of Olev Mikiver, lofalitsidwa mu 1993
+
+Komabe, n’zokayikitsa kuti de Wahl sakanatha kutenga nawo mbali poletsa kuukira kwa Viapor, chifukwa panthaŵiyo n’kuti atamasulidwa kale.” Malinga ndi malipoti ena, de Wahl anayambiranso kugwira ntchito mwakhama pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse.
+
+Pautumiki wake mu Russian Navy, Wahl anapatsidwa udindo wa 2 ndi 3 wa Order of Saint Stanislav ndi udindo wa 3 wa Order of Saint Anne.
+
+Kuyambira 1921 de Wahl adalembetsedwanso ngati woyang'anira nkhokwe wa Republic of Estonia.
+
+Nthawi yoyambirira ya Tallinn 
+Kumapeto kwa 1894, de Wahl anasamukira ku Tallinn, kumene anakhala zaka zambiri za moyo wake. M’dzinja la chaka chomwecho, analandira udindo wa mphunzitsi wa masamu ndi physics pa Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Sayansi ya St. Peter’s ku Tallinn. Anapitirizabe kuphunzitsa zojambulajambula kusukulu ya Baroness von der Howen Girls, Hanseatic School, Cathedral School, ndi kwina kulikonse. , wophunzitsa pambuyo pake yemwe adaphunzira ku Royal School of Saint Peter kuyambira 1906 mpaka 1909:
+
+Masamu ndi physics adaphunzitsidwanso ndi Edgar von Wahl, yemwe kale anali msilikali wa panyanja yemwe nthawi zonse anali ndi ndemanga zochepa zokopa za chochitika kapena munthu. Anali wodetsedwa kwambiri poyesa physics: ziwiya ndi magalasi nthawi zambiri zimasweka. Maganizo ake kwa ophunzira anali ophweka, omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi dzina lakutchulidwa la Sass.
+
+Zokumbukira za Alexander Oddma
+
+Kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana, ntchito yotsatsa ya Wahl inayamba. Anasindikiza nkhani zokhudzana ndi zinenero m'mabuku apadera, komanso zolemba m'manyuzipepala ndi m'magazini osiyanasiyana a Tallinn.
+
+Khansala wa mzinda nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse isanayambe komanso ili mkati 
+Kuphatikiza pa kugwira ntchito yophunzitsa, de Wahl adalowanso ndale nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanayambe. Mu 1913 anasankhidwa kukhala m’bungwe la mzinda wa Tallinn. M’chaka chomwecho, anakhala membala wa komiti ya khonsolo yoteteza zipilala za nyumba zakale. Ngakhale kuti anali kuphunzitsa, Wahl sanagwirizane ndi nkhani za maphunziro pa City Council. Anali wokangalika pamisonkhano ya khonsolo, koma samalankhula zochepa.
+
+Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, Ajeremani omwe ankakhala mu Ufumu wa Russia anazunzidwa, zomwe sizinamusiye de Wahl osakhudzidwa. Mwachitsanzo, kalabu ya Tallinn Noble Club, imene Wahl anali m’gulu lake, inatsekedwa. Chakumapeto kwa 1914, iye anapezeka ali pachimake pa nkhani zabodza zosintha mayina a malo achijeremani. Monga phungu wa mzindawo, adatenga nawo mbali pazokambirana za kusintha dzina la mzinda wa Tallinn, zomwe zinatsatira maganizo a Meya Jaan Poska kuti alowe m'malo mwa Revel wolankhula Chijeremani ndi Kolyvan wakale wa chinenero cha Chirasha (potero, dzina linagwiritsidwa ntchito). pokambirana za nkhaniyi). de Wahl anapeza kuti mayina akale kwambiri a mzindawu anali Ledenets kapena Lindanisa. Anachitanso chidwi ndi ndalama zosinthira dzinali, zomwe akuti zidakumana ndi "kuseka kwachiwopsezo" m'bwaloli. Mavoti ofunikira kuti asinthe dzina adasonkhanitsidwa ku khonsolo, koma kusintha komweko sikunapangidwe.
+
+de Wahl adasankhidwanso kukhala khonsolo ya mzinda mu 1917 pazisankho zomwe zidachitika February Revolution isanachitike. Pa khonsolo yatsopanoyi, adakhala membala wa dipatimenti yozimitsa moto mu mzindawu, maphunziro a anthu, ndi makomiti oyendetsa ntchito zapawnbroker, komanso adapitilizabe kukhala membala wa Monument Building Commission. Komabe, mu August 1917, bungwe latsopano linasankhidwa, ndipo ntchito za ndale za de Wahl zinatha.
+
+Moyo ku Estonia yodziimira 
+Mu February 1918, pa nthawi imene de Wahl analengeza ufulu wodzilamulira, ananena kuti akufuna kukhala m’gulu la apolisi. Chilolezo cha mfuti chinalembedwa kwa iye ndi wophunzira wake, yemwe adakumbukira mfundo iyi:
+
+Pakati pa omwe ankafuna kupanga zida, ndimakumbukira mmodzi yekha: mphunzitsi wanga wa physics, wochokera ku Wahl. Ndikuwoneka kuti ndikukumbukira chifukwa cha maganizo omwe akanatha kubwera m'moyo wa wophunzira wachichepere pamene mphunzitsi wake amupempha chida.
+
+N.Rg. wophunzira wakale wasukulu yachifumu adayamba mu 1934
+
+Mu 1919, Peetri Realkool anagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Sukulu ya Sayansi ya Tallinn ya chinenero cha Chiestonia ndi Tallinn High School of Science ya Chijeremani. de Wahl anapitirizabe kukhala mphunzitsi pamapeto pake, kumene adaphunzitsa makalasi a masamu, physics, geography, cosmography, ndi zojambula. chotero, chotero, anatchedwa “kanyumba” pakati pa ophunzira.” Pakati pa ophunzira, de Wahl anali mphunzitsi wotchuka amene anali wodzipereka kwambiri kuphunzitsa za geography, mwinamwake chifukwa chakuti anayenda ulendo wautali. Ophunzirawo anachitanso chidwi ndi mfundo yakuti de Wahl anali membala wa English Club, yomwe inkagwira ntchito pasukuluyi.
+
+Anali wolunjika kwambiri, choncho akanatha kukangana ndi aphunzitsi ena. Mwachitsanzo, iye sanakonde luso lamakono lamakono, mfundo imene anaifotokoza poyera pa ulendo wopita ku chionetsero cha zojambulajambula ataitanidwa ndi mphunzitsi wa zojambulajambula pasukulupo. Anayerekeza luso lamakono ndi chikominisi:
+
+Zamakono! Chotero phunzitsani anyamata chikominisi! Palinso chinachake chamakono ponena za zimenezo!
+
+Mawu akuti adanenedwa nthawi ndi malo osadziwika ndi Edgar von Wahl
+
+de Wahl adapuma pantchito chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1920, koma anapitirizabe kuphunzitsa kwa nthawi yochepa mpaka 1933. Atapuma pantchito, adachita zokonda zake, makamaka zilankhulo zopanga zomwe zidakhala nkhani yaumwini kuyambira masiku a St. analinso mkonzi wa magazini yotchedwa Estländische Wochenschau kuyambira 1929 mpaka 1930. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chake pa wolosera wa ku France wa m’zaka za zana la 16 Nostradamus ndi maulosi ake chinakula, zimene anakambirana ndi The News m’chilimwe cha 1932.
+
+Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse 
+Mu 1939, mosiyana ndi okondedwa ake, de Wahl sanachoke m'kati mwa kusamukira kwawo ndipo anaganiza zokhala ku Estonia. De Wahl, yemwe ankaimira maganizo a anthu a ku Ulaya, sanali kukondweretsa boma la National Socialist la Germany. Anatchulanso dziko la Germany kuti ndi "chiswe". N’kuthekanso kuti chifukwa chimene anakhalira ku Estonia n’chakuti pamene ankachoka, anayenera kusiya nkhokwe zake zambiri, ndiponso ngozi yoti akakhale ku nyumba yopumirako ku Germany ingakhale inathandiza, monga mmene zinalili ndi anzake ena. . .
+
+de Wahl nayenso anapewa kusamuka kumene kunachitika m’chaka cha 1941. Mulimonsemo, iye ankadziwa za kusamuka komwe kunatsatira, chifukwa atafunsidwa za zolinga zake, iye anayankha mosakayikira kuti chigamulo chake chinali choti akhalebe ku Estonia. :
+
+Hitler ameneyu, wamisala ameneyu, amaletsa chinenero changa m’maiko onse amene amawagonjetsa. Munthu uyu ndi wamisala!
+Edgar von Wahl m'nyengo yozizira ya 1941
+
+M'chaka choyamba cha kuponderezedwa kwa Soviet, de Wahl anatha kuthawa. Pambuyo pa chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Germany, iye ankakayikira ntchito zotsutsana ndi boma. de Wahl anamangidwa pa Ogasiti 12, 1943, chifukwa cha makalata omwe adatumizidwa kwa Posen, mlamu wake, koma adalowa muulamuliro ku Königsberg mu Julayi chaka chimenecho, pomwe adaneneratu za kuwukira ku Poland ndikulangiza okondedwa omwe amakhala kumeneko kupita ku Germany:
+
+Tikumbukenso kuti pambuyo kutha kwa Bolshevism, cha m'ma 1944, pamene German-Allied asilikali kuyandikira Asia Minor oopsa kuchokera kumpoto kuti athetse kuukira Aarabu, koma osati kale, n'zokayikitsa kuti pochotsa asilikali m'mayiko anagonjetsa. ndi Germany, a Poles amayesa kuyambitsa zipolowe (ali kale ndi misasa ya zida zachinsinsi), ndiyeno mkangano waudani womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ukhoza kusanduka kuphana koopsa komwe kumakhala m'midzi yakale ya ku Poland ndi nyumba zazikulu. A Balt ali pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, ndikufuna kukuchenjezani inu ndi ena onse omwe ali mumkhalidwe womwewo ndikukupemphani kuti muchoke ku Wartegau ngati kuli kotheka, kapena njira iliyonse yothawirako pamene chipwirikiti cha Aarabu chikayamba. Tumizani Reich pa nthawi yake. Ndikupempha kuti kalata imeneyi, imene ndakulemberani tsopano, mu July 1943, isungidwe monga chikalata ndipo, ngati n’kotheka, ipatsidwe kwa ena kuti aifufuze.
+
+Kalata yochokera kwa Edgar von Wahl kupita kwa Lieselotte Riesenkampff ku Tallinn pa Julayi 18, 194337
+
+M'kalata yomweyi, Wahl adanena kuti adaneneratu za kuukira kwa Pearl Harbor ndi kuphulika kwa nkhondo pakati pa United States ndi Japan. de Wahl sanakane zomwe analemba panthawi yomvetsera ndipo adabwereza zifukwa zingapo zomwe adaziimba kumeneko, "akukhulupirira mwamphamvu" zoona za maulosi ake. de Wahl anachitidwa kwa nthawi ndithu ku Tallinn Labor and Education Camp, koma umboni womwe unaperekedwa panthawi ya mafunso ake unkaonedwa kuti ndi wachilendo ndi SD ndipo chifukwa chake de Wahl anayesedwa ku chipatala cha mitsempha ya Seewald. Kumeneko anamupeza kuti anali wofooka muukalamba ndipo anagonekedwa m’chipatala cha anthu amisala, chimene chinamupulumutsanso ku chilango cha imfa chomwe chingatheke. Wahl nayenso anatetezedwa ndi achibale angapo apamtima ndi anzake omwe ankati iye sanali ndi udindo pa zochita zake.3436
+
+Pakuphulitsidwa kwa mabomba mu March 1944, nkhokwe ya de Wahl inawonongedwa, zomwe zinamudabwitsa kwambiri. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, m’kalata yopita kwa Wakumadzulo wa ku Finnish A. Z. Ramstedt, iye anakumbukira kuti zimene zinachitikazo zinali tsoka lenileni, pamene zinthu zambiri zosasinthika ndi zapadera zinatayika.
+
+Masiku otsiriza ndi imfa 
+
+Mndandanda wa zochita zothamangitsidwa ku Germany zomwe zinalembedwa mu February 1945 zinaphatikizapo dzina la de Wahl, monga momwe Ajeremani ena ankakhala ku Estonia. Komabe, pothamangitsidwa m’mwezi wa Ogasiti, de Wahl anali m’gulu la anthu khumi ndi aŵiri omwe sanathamangitsidwe m’dzikolo kapena amene sakanadziŵika kumene anali. Ngakhale zifukwa zomwe de Wahl athawire sizidziwika bwino, zimadziwika kuti nthawi zina mkulu wa gulu lomwe linathamangitsa anthuwo adasankha kuti asatengere odwala kwambiri kapena olumala, chigamulocho chikhoza kutengera maganizo a ogwira ntchito m’chipatala. Choncho, kunali kukhalapo kwake kuchipatala cha amisala omwe mwina adapulumutsa de Wahl kachiwiri.
+
+Atathawa kuthamangitsidwa, de Wahl adathabe kulemberana makalata ndi anzake akunja. Madokotala a Seewald ayenera kuti adazindikira kudzipereka kwake ku philology pamene adapanga kulumikizana ndi dziko lakunja kukhala kotheka.
+
+Wahl anamwalira pa 3 koloko masana pa March 9, 1948. Anaikidwa m'manda pa March 14 ku manda a Alexander Nevsky ku Tallinn.
+
+Chinterligue
+
+Mbiri 
+Kuyesetsa kwa Wahl kuti apange chilankhulo chatsopano komanso choyenera kuti azilankhulana ndi mayiko ena kudayamba ndi chidwi chofala cha zilankhulo zopanga mu Ufumu wa Russia kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ku Saint Petersburg, de Wahl anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi Volapük yongopangidwa kumene, ndipo kenako Esperanto. Nthawi ina pakati pa 1887 ndi 1888, de Wahl, kupyolera mwa abambo ake, anakumana ndi mnzake Waldemar Rosenberger, yemwe anali kuchita nawo Volapük panthawiyo, kotero Wahl poyamba adatsatira Volapük mwiniwakeyo. Anakhala wothandizira wa Volapük, koma posakhalitsa, theka loyamba la 1888, adadziwika ndi Esperanto ndipo adasintha. buku loyamba la Esperanto lofalitsidwa mu 1887. Iye anali mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa Espera, gulu loyamba la Esperanto ku Russia, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku Saint Petersburg mu 1891, komanso anakhala mtolankhani wa magazini ya La Esperantisto. Iye anamasulira nkhani zopeka za Chirasha m’Chiesperanto n’kupanga dikishonale ya Chiesperanto-Chisipanishi.
+
+Komabe, de Wahl sanatsatire kwenikweni Esperanto, koma adayamba kufunafuna chilankhulo chatsopano, Paul Ariste zifukwa zomwe adachitira izi:
+
+Iye anali ndi khalidwe losakhazikika, nthawizonse chinachake chatsopano. Chifukwa cha khalidweli, pamene anali wamng'ono, ankakonda kulimbikitsa mapangidwe atsopano a zilankhulo zopanga [...].
+
+Paul Ariste mu 1967.
+
+Malinga ndi Jaan Ojalo, Wahl adachoka ku Esperanto pambuyo poti ambiri a Esperantists anakana malingaliro oti asinthe chinenerocho mu 1894. Malingaliro angapo osintha chinenerocho anachokera kwa Wahl mwiniwake. Anapeza kuti chinenero choyenera cha mayiko chiyenera kukhala chachibadwa komanso chomveka ngakhale osaphunzira. Malinga ndi maganizo a Ojalo, Wahl ankaonanso kuti Esperanto ndi yademokalase kwambiri, zomwe zimawopseza chikhalidwe cha azungu.
+
+Kulenga ndi mawu oyamba 
+
+de Wahl anatenga njira zoyamba kupanga chinenero chatsopano m'zaka zomaliza za zaka za m'ma 1900. Mu 1896 ndi 1897 adasindikiza nkhani ziwiri m'magazini ya Linguist yofalitsidwa ku Hannover, momwe adafotokozera malingaliro ake. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, Rosenberger, yemwe adadziwana ndi de Wahl m'zaka khumi zomaliza za zana lino ndipo panthaŵiyo anali pulezidenti wa Volapük Academy ku Saint Petersburg, anadziwitsa mamembala a sukuluyi chinenero chatsopano cha chilengedwe chake: osalowerera ndale. chinenero. Kuyambira mu 1906, Rosenberger adafalitsanso magazini ya Progress m'chinenero chatsopano ku Saint Petersburg. M'buku lomwelo, de Wahl adapanga malingaliro ake mu 1906 kuti asinthe chinenerocho, chomwe Rosenberg adachilandira patatha chaka chimodzi. Ngakhale kusinthaku, mwambi wosalowerera ndale sunatchuke ndipo unazimiririka. Nthawi yomweyo, de Wahl adapanga AULI (Auxiliari Lingue International), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi zilankhulo za Romance, zomwe zidakhala gawo lapakati pachilankhulo chakumadzulo, ndipo adaziwonetsa mu 1909 m'magazini ya Academia pro Interlingua - Discussiones. Mu 1911, de Wahl adapanga lamulo lopanga mawu lomwe lidapanga maziko a Occidental.
+
+Mu 1916, anthu okonda chinenero cha ku Russia anayambitsa bungwe la Cosmoglot Association ku St. de Wahl sanali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa bungweli, koma pambuyo pake adalowa nawo, monga momwe adachitira katswiri wa zilankhulo waku Estonia Jakob Linzbach. de Wahl adakhala wolankhulira "sukulu yachilengedwe" pagulu; potero ndikukonza njira yolengezera Kumadzulo. Ndi zochitika zakusintha mu 1917 ndi kuchoka kwa mamembala ake ku St. Zochita zamayanjano zidatsitsimutsidwa ndi de Wahl pamodzi ndi Linzbach, ndipo dzina la bungweli linasinthidwa kukhala Cosmoglott. Maulalo adasungidwanso ndi omwe kale anali mamembala a bungweli, omwe tsopano akugwira ntchito m'maiko angapo a ku Europe. de Wahl analinso mkonzi wa magazini ya Cosmoglott yofalitsidwa ndi bungwe kuchokera ku 1922 mpaka 1926. M'magazini yoyamba ya magazini yomweyi, de Wahl anayambitsa chinenero chochita kupanga chomwe adalenga, Occidental. Kuyambira 1923 mpaka 1928, adayambitsanso chilankhulo cha Occidental, unic natural, vermen neutral e max facil e comprensibil lingue por International relationes. de Wahl adatulutsa buku mu 1925 lotchedwa Radicarium directiv del lingue International (Occidental). En 8 lingues.
+
+Kufalitsa 
+M’kope loyamba la magaziniyo, chimodzi mwa zoyesayesa zoyamba za anthu kuti apeze chidwi cha mayiko kaamba ka ntchito zake chinasindikizidwanso. Kunena kuti, kalata yotumizidwa ku League of Nations pa September 5, 1921, inasindikizidwa, yolimbikitsa kuyambika kwa chinenero changwiro, osati kwenikweni kulankhulana kofala pakati pa anthu, kumene kukapezeka mosavuta. Kuti tipeze chinenero choyenerera, analangizidwa kuti pakhale mpikisano ndi kuti ofuna kusankhidwa awonedwe ndi komiti ya akatswiri yokonzedwa ndi League of Nations. Bungwe la League of Nations linakana ganizoli.
+
+Ngakhale kuti bungwe la League of Nations linalephera, azungu anakopa anthu ambiri okonda Ido, koma Aesperantisti anakhalabe okhulupirika ku chinenero chawo. Malingana ndi Paul Ariste, panali zotsutsana pakati pa ma idistas, ndipo pambuyo pa pempho la Wahl kuti ayambe kulimbikitsa zochitika za occidental.
+
+Komabe, m’zaka za m’ma 1920, magulu atsopano a Azungu anatulukira. Mu 1927, International Cosmoglot Association inakhazikitsidwa, yomwe patapita chaka inadzatchedwa Occidental-Union. Kuyambira 1927 magazini ya Cosmoglott inayamba kusindikizidwa ku Vienna m'malo mwa Tallinn pansi pa dzina lakuti Cosmoglotta. M'nkhani yaposachedwa ya Tallinn, de Wahl adasindikiza, mwa zina, ndakatulo ya Lydia Koidula pamutu wakuti "Max galimoto donation". Kwa de Wahl payekha, kutchuka kwa chilankhulo chatsopano kunabweretsa kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Ankachita ulaliki m’mayiko osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya ndipo ankalankhulana kwambiri ndi akatswiri a zinenero. Mu 1939, mwina anali munthu wa ku Estonia yekha amene anaitanidwa ku msonkhano wa 5 wa Linguistic Conference ku Brussels. Zochita zake zamalankhulidwe sizinafike pamavuto akulu achilankhulo, koma zidangopanga chilankhulo chake chopanga komanso kuthana ndi mafunso okhudzana nawo.
+
+Occidental sanapeze kutchuka kofanana ndi kwa Esperanto, ngakhale kuti de Wahl ankafuna kupanga chinenero choyenera kulankhulana ndi mayiko. Mosiyana ndi Esperanto, yomwe idakhala chilankhulo chodziwika bwino pakati pamagulu ogwira ntchito, olankhula Occidental munthawi yankhondo anali ambiri aluntha aku Western Europe.
+
+Mu 1949, pambuyo pa imfa ya Wahl, Western inatchedwanso Chinterligue kuchotsa kutchulidwa kwa Kumadzulo ndikupangitsa chinenerocho kukhala chapadziko lonse. Malinga ndi Pekka Erelt, dzina lokhudzana ndi "Western" la chinenerocho linachedwetsa kufalikira kwake ku Eastern bloc. Pambuyo pakusintha dzina la chilankhulo, Occidental-Union idakhala Interlingue-Union monga momwe zilili lero. Mgwirizanowu uli ndi sukulu yawoyawo ndipo magazini ya Cosmoglotta imasindikizidwabe ndi bungweli.
+
+Moyo waumwini
+
+Banja 
+Wahl anakwatira Maria von Hübbenet (1871-1933), mwana wamkazi wa dokotala waumwini wa Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna, ku Saint Petersburg mu 1894. Anali ndi ana asanu: Johann kapena Hans (1895-1968), Guido (1896-?) , Ellen (wobadwa ndi kufa 1900), Anatol (1903-1972), ndi Lydia Maria (1907-1989). Ukwatiwo unatha mu 1913, kenako Johann, Guido ndi Lydia anakhala ndi bambo ake a Maria. Anatol anakhala ndi amayi ake, amene anasamukira ku Finland, ndipo patapita nthaŵi Lydia Maria anapitanso kumeneko. Ana aakulu a de Wahl anasamukira ku Germany kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse ndipo anali m’gulu la asilikali a ku Germany pankhondoyo. Guido anakhala patchuthi chachifupi ku Tallinn pa nthawi imene dziko la Germany linalanda dziko la Germany, koma chakumapeto kwa chaka chino iye anazimiririka pankhondoyo. , Volker (wobadwa 1935) ndi Asko (wobadwa 1937), amakhala ku Germany ndikuchita nawo ntchito za Baltic Cavalry Association kumeneko.
+
+Mu 1914, de Wahl anakwatira Agnes Riesenkampff. Mofanana ndi mwamuna wake, Agnes anali mphunzitsi, akuphunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi m’masukulu osiyanasiyana a ku Tallinn.
+
+Zokonda 
+Kuwonjezera pa zinenero, Edgar de Wahl ankayeserera kuyenda panyanja. Mu 1895 anakhala membala wa gulu la Estonian Imperial Maritime Yacht Club, ndipo m’zaka zotsatira anagwira nawo ntchito mwakhama, pokhala membala wa komiti yake ya luso ndi kukhala mlembi wa gululo. Anapanganso buku la chaka lomwe linaperekedwa pazaka 25 za kalabu mu 1913. Mu 1922, de Wahl anakhala membala wolemekezeka wa gululo. Iye anali ndi zombo zingapo pazaka zambiri, imodzi mwa izo, ketch yotchedwa Auli, akuti inapangidwa ndi iyemwini.
+
+Zofalitsa 
+Edgar von Wahl. Flexion und Begriffsspaltung. – Linguist 1896, nr 10.
+Edgar von Wahl. Ausnahmen. – Linguist 1897, nr 3.
+Edgar de Wahl. [Idiom neutral reformed]. – Progres 1906, nr 6.
+Julian Prorók. Ketzereien: Keimzellen einer Philosophie. Tartu, Leipzig 1906.
+Edgar de Wahl. AULI = Auxiliari lingue International. – Discussiones 1909, nr 1-2.
+Edgar de Wahl. Li leges de derivation en verbes. - Lingua Internationale 1911, nr 1.
+Edgar von Wahl. Kaiserlicher Estländischer See-Yacht-Club: historische Übersicht 1888-1913. Tallinn 1913.
+Edgar de Wahl. Qual instructiones da nos li historie de lingue universal. – Kosmoglott 1922, nr 1, lk 6–8.
+Edgar de Wahl. Radicarium directiv del lingue international (occidental): in 8 lingues. Tallinn 1925.
+Edgar de Wahl. Interlinguistic reminiscenties. – Cosmoglotta 1927, nr 41, lk 54–64.
+Edgar de Wahl. Occidental: gemeinverständliche europäische Kultursprache für internationalen Verkehr: Begründung, Grammatik, Wortbildung, vergleichende textproben. Tallinn, Viin 1928.
+Edgar de Wahl, Otto Jespersen. Discussiones inter E. de Wahl e O. Jespersen. Chapelle 1935.
+Edgar de Wahl. Spiritu de interlingue. Cheseaux/Lausanne, 1953.
+
+Maumboni 
+
+Chinterligue
+Gulu la Mitundu Yogwirizana (United Nations) ndi bungwe la mayiko 193.
+Pa Seputembara 8, 2022, Elizabeth II, Mfumukazi yaku United Kingdom ndi madera ena a Commonwealth, mfumu ya Britain yomwe yakhala nthawi yayitali komanso yolamulira kwanthawi yayitali, adamwalira ali ndi zaka 96 ku Balmoral Castle ku Scotland. Anatsogoleredwa ndi mwana wake wamkulu, Charles III. Chilengezo chovomerezeka cha imfa yake chidachitika 18:30 BST.
+
+Imfa yake idayamba Operation London Bridge, mndandanda wa mapulani kuphatikiza zokonzekera maliro ake, ndi Operation Unicorn, yomwe idakhazikitsa ndondomeko za imfa ya Mfumukazi ku Scotland. Dziko la United Kingdom likuchita mwambo wamaliro wa masiku 10. Mwambo wa maliro aboma a Elizabeth II uyenera kuchitikira ku Westminster Abbey pa 19 September 2022, nthawi ya 11:00.
+
+Imfa ya Elizabeth II idakumana ndi zomwe atsogoleri ndi mabungwe padziko lonse lapansi adachita.
+
+Mbiri 
+Mfumukaziyi inali yathanzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu 2021 ndi 2022, Mfumukazi idakumana ndi zovuta zingapo zaumoyo. Mu Okutobala 2021, atolankhani aku Britain adanenanso kuti Mfumukaziyi idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo pazochitika zapagulu. Mfumukaziyi idagona m'chipatala pa Okutobala 20, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti maulendo aku Northern Ireland ndipo ulendo wake ku msonkhano wa COP26 ku Glasgow uimitsidwe chifukwa chaumoyo. Mu Novembala, Mfumukaziyi idadwala msana ndipo idalephera kupita ku National Service of Remembrance ya 2021.
+
+Mu February 2022, panthawi ya mliri wa COVID-19 ku England, Mfumukaziyi inali m'modzi mwa anthu angapo ku Windsor Castle kuti ayeze kuti ali ndi COVID-19. Zizindikiro zake zidafotokozedwa ngati zofatsa komanso zozizira, pomwe Mfumukazi pambuyo pake idati matendawa "amasiya munthu wotopa kwambiri komanso wotopa". Poganizira zovuta za COVID-19 komanso COVID-19 zazitali zimadziwika kuti ndizowopsa kwambiri pakati pa okalamba, thanzi la Mfumukazi lidakayikira ndi malo ambiri. Komabe, Mfumukaziyi idakhala bwino kuti iyambiranso ntchito zake pofika 1 Marichi. Mfumukaziyi inalipo pamwambo woyamika Prince Philip ku Westminster Abbey pa Marichi 29, koma sanathe kupita nawo ku msonkhano wapachaka wa Commonwealth Day mwezi womwewo kapena Royal Maundy Service mu Epulo. M'mwezi wa Meyi, Mfumukaziyi idaphonya Kutsegulira Nyumba Yamalamulo kwanthawi yoyamba m'zaka 59 (sanakhalepo mu 1959 ndi 1963 popeza anali ndi pakati pa Prince Andrew, Duke waku York, ndi Prince Edward, Earl waku Wessex, motsatana). Kulibe, Nyumba yamalamulo idatsegulidwa ndi Kalonga wa Wales ndi Mtsogoleri wa Cambridge ngati Alangizi a Boma. Kalonga wa Wales, wolowa m'malo, adapeza maudindo ambiri kumapeto kwa moyo wa Mfumukazi ndipo adayimilira m'malo mwake pakutsegulira Nyumba Yamalamulo. Mu June, Mfumukazi sanapite ku National Service of Thanksgiving chifukwa cha Platinum Jubilee; Magwero aboma anena za "kusapeza bwino" kwake atayima pagulu lankhondo lokondwerera tsiku lake lobadwa tsiku loyamba la zikondwerero. Pa zikondwererozo, Mfumukaziyi imangoyang'ana pakhonde.
+
+Pa 6 September, masiku awiri asanamwalire, Mfumukaziyi inavomera kusiya ntchito kwa Boris Johnson ndipo inasankha Liz Truss kuti alowe m'malo mwake monga Prime Minister wa United Kingdom ku Balmoral Castle (kumene Mfumukazi inali patchuthi) posiya mwambo; Izi nthawi zambiri zinkachitika ku Buckingham Palace. Pa Seputembala 7, adayenera kupita ku msonkhano wapa intaneti wa Privy Council of the United Kingdom kukalumbiritsa nduna zatsopano m'boma la Truss, koma adalengeza kuti msonkhanowo udathetsedwa atalangizidwa kuti apume ndi madokotala. Mawu omaliza a Mfumukazi, omwe adaperekedwa tsiku lomwelo, anali uthenga wachisoni kwa omwe akhudzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa 2022 ku Saskatchewan.
+
+Maliro a boma 
+Maliro a boma akuyenera kuchitikira ku Westminster Abbey nthawi ya 11:00 BST pa 19 September 2022. Ichi chidzakhala nthawi yoyamba kuti mwambo wa maliro a mfumu uchitike ku Westminster Abbey kuyambira George II.
+
+Patsiku la maliro, lomwe lidzakhala tchuthi la banki, bokosilo lidzasamutsidwa kuchokera ku Westminster Hall kupita ku Westminster Abbey pa State Gun Carriage ya Royal Navy pamene Mfumu ndi mamembala ena a banja lachifumu akuyenda kumbuyo. Banja lachifumu, atsogoleri a mayiko, komanso andale adzasonkhana ku Westminster Abbey pamalirowo. Dean waku Westminster David Hoyle akuyembekezeka kuchititsa msonkhanowu, ndipo Archbishop waku Canterbury Justin Welby ndiye adzakamba ulalikiwu. Bokosilo lidzatengedwa kuchokera ku Westminster Abbey kupita ku Wellington Arch kenako ndi galimoto yamoto kupita ku Windsor.
+
+Ulendo wina ukuyembekezeka kuchitika ku Quadrangle ku Windsor Castle, kumapeto kwake komwe bokosilo lidzatengedwera ku St George's Chapel kukachita ntchito yodzipereka. Kenako bokosilo lidzatsitsidwa ku Royal Vault. Mfumukaziyi ikuyembekezeka kuikidwa m'manda ku King George VI Memorial Chapel ndikugonekedwa pafupi ndi mwamuna wake, makolo ndi mlongo wake.
+
+Banja lachifumu 
+Mfumu Charles III inapereka msonkho kwa amayi ake polankhula m'mawa wotsatira:
+
+Kwa Amayi anga okondedwa, pamene mukuyamba ulendo wanu wotsiriza wopita kukalumikizana ndi okondedwa anga malemu Bambo, ine ndikufuna mophweka kunena izi: zikomo. Zikomo chifukwa cha chikondi chanu ndi kudzipereka kwanu ku banja lathu komanso ku banja la amitundu omwe mwatumikira mwakhama zaka zonsezi. Mulole kuwuluka kwa Angelo kukuimbireni inu ku mpumulo wanu.
+
+Mfumu, pamodzi ndi Mfumukazi Anne ndi Prince Edward, adapereka msonkho kwa amayi awo mu pulogalamu yapadera ya BBC One A Tribute to Her Majness The Queen. Pa 10 Seputembala, Prince William adapereka mawu, kupereka ulemu kwa agogo ake omwe adawafotokoza kuti ndi "Mfumukazi yodabwitsa". Pa Seputembara 8, a Duke ndi a Duchess a Sussex adapereka msonkho patsamba la Archewell.
+2022 mu London
+Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; wobadwa 14 Novembara 1948) ndi Mfumu ya United Kingdom ndi madera ena 14 a Commonwealth. Adakhala pampando wachifumu pa 8 September 2022 atamwalira amayi ake, Elizabeth II. Iye anali wolowa nyumba kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri m'mbiri ya Britain ndipo ndi munthu wamkulu kwambiri kukhala pampando wachifumu, akutero ali ndi zaka 73.
+
+Charles adabadwira ku Buckingham Palace ngati mwana woyamba wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth, Duchess wa Edinburgh, ndi Philip, Duke wa Edinburgh, komanso mdzukulu woyamba wa King George VI ndi Mfumukazi Elizabeth. Anaphunzitsidwa kusukulu za Cheam ndi Gordonstoun, zomwe abambo ake adaphunzira ali mwana. Pambuyo pake adakhala chaka chimodzi pasukulu ya Timbertop ya Geelong Grammar School ku Victoria, Australia. Atalandira digiri ya Bachelor of Arts ku yunivesite ya Cambridge, Charles adatumikira ku Royal Air Force ndi Royal Navy kuyambira 1971 mpaka 1976. Mu 1981, anakwatira Lady Diana Spencer, yemwe anali ndi ana awiri, Prince William ndi Prince Harry. Mu 1996, banjali linasudzulana pambuyo poti aliyense achita zibwenzi zodziwika bwino zakunja. Diana anamwalira chifukwa cha ngozi ya galimoto ku Paris chaka chotsatira. Mu 2005, Charles adakwatirana ndi mnzake wanthawi yayitali, Camilla Parker Bowles.
+
+Monga Prince of Wales, Charles adagwira ntchito m'malo mwa Elizabeth II. Adakhazikitsa bungwe lothandizira achinyamata la Prince's Trust mu 1976, amathandizira a Prince's Charities, ndipo ndi wothandizira, purezidenti, kapena membala wa mabungwe ndi mabungwe oposa 400. Iye walimbikitsa kusungidwa kwa nyumba za mbiri yakale komanso kufunika kwa zomangamanga pakati pa anthu. Wotsutsa zomangamanga zamakono, Charles adagwira ntchito popanga Poundbury, tawuni yatsopano yoyesera kutengera zomwe amakonda. Iyenso ndi wolemba kapena wolemba nawo mabuku angapo.
+
+Katswiri wazachilengedwe, Charles adathandizira ulimi wachilengedwe komanso kuchitapo kanthu kuti aletse kusintha kwanyengo munthawi yake ngati manejala wa madera a Duchy of Cornwall, ndikumupatsa mphotho komanso kuzindikiridwa ndi magulu azachilengedwe. Iyenso ndi wotsutsa kwambiri za kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya zosinthidwa chibadwa. Thandizo la Charles pa homeopathy ndi njira zina zamankhwala zakhala zikutsutsidwa. Kutsatira zoneneza zokhudza kupereka unzika wa ku Britain kwa opereka chithandizo, machitidwe a bungwe lake lothandizira, Prince's Foundation, adakopa kutsutsidwa; pakali pano, bungwe lachifundo ndilomwe likufufuza zomwe apolisi aku Metropolitan akufufuza za ndalama zopezera ulemu.
+
+Maukwati
+
+Ukwati kwa Lady Diana Spencer 
+Charles adakumana koyamba ndi Lady Diana Spencer mu 1977 pomwe amapita kunyumba kwawo, Althorp. Anali mnzake wa mlongo wake wamkulu, Sarah, ndipo sanamukonde Diana mpaka pakati pa 1980. Pomwe Charles ndi Diana adakhala limodzi pampando wa udzu pamalo opangira anzawo mu Julayi, adanenanso kuti adawoneka wokhumudwa ndipo akufunika chisamaliro pamaliro a agogo ake a Lord Mountbatten. Posakhalitsa, malinga ndi wolemba mbiri yosankhidwa ndi Charles, Jonathan Dimbleby, "popanda kukhudzidwa kulikonse, adayamba kuganiza mozama za iye ngati mkwatibwi" ndipo adatsagana ndi Charles paulendo wopita ku Balmoral Castle ndi Sandringham House.
+
+Msuweni wa Charles Norton Knatchbull ndi mkazi wake adauza Charles kuti Diana akuwoneka kuti adachita chidwi ndi udindo wake komanso kuti sakuwoneka kuti sakondana naye. Panthawiyi, kupitiriza chibwenzi kwa awiriwa kunakopa chidwi cha atolankhani ndi paparazzi. Prince Philip atamuuza kuti zongopeka za atolankhani zitha kuwononga mbiri ya Diana ngati Charles sanapange chisankho chomukwatira posachedwa, ndikuzindikira kuti anali mkwatibwi wachifumu woyenera (malinga ndi zomwe Mountbatten amafuna), Charles adawona upangiri wa abambo ake ngati chenjezo. kupitiriza popanda kuchedwa.
+
+Charles adafunsira Diana mu February 1981; adavomera ndipo adakwatirana ku St Paul's Cathedral pa 29 July chaka chimenecho. Atakwatirana, Charles adachepetsa zopereka zake zamisonkho modzifunira kuchokera ku phindu lomwe a Duchy of Cornwall amapeza kuchokera pa 50% mpaka 25%. Awiriwa ankakhala ku Kensington Palace ndi ku Highgrove House, pafupi ndi Tetbury, ndipo anali ndi ana awiri: Princes William (b. 1982) ndi Henry (wotchedwa "Harry") (b. 1984). Charles adapereka chitsanzo pokhala bambo wachifumu woyamba kupezeka pa kubadwa kwa ana ake.
+
+Pasanathe zaka zisanu, banjali linali pamavuto chifukwa chosagwirizana komanso kusiyana kwa zaka 13. Pofika Novembala 1986, Charles adayambiranso chibwenzi chake ndi Camilla Parker Bowles. Muvidiyo yomwe inalembedwa ndi Peter Settelen mu 1992, Diana adavomereza kuti pofika 1986, "adakondana kwambiri ndi munthu amene amagwira ntchito m'deralo." Akuganiza kuti akunena za Barry Mannakee, yemwe adasamutsidwa ku Diplomatic Protection Squad mu 1986 pambuyo pomwe mameneja ake adatsimikiza kuti ubale wake ndi Diana sunali woyenerera. Pambuyo pake Diana adayamba ubale ndi Major James Hewitt, yemwe anali mlangizi wakale wabanjali. Kusasangalatsa kwa Charles ndi Diana m'gulu la anzawo kudapangitsa kuti atolankhani azitcha "The Glums". Diana adawulula za chibwenzi cha Charles ndi Camilla m'buku la Andrew Morton, Diana, Nkhani Yake Yowona. Matepi amawu osonyeza kukopana kwawo kunja kwa banja anawonekeranso. Malingaliro osalekeza akuti Hewitt ndi abambo a Prince Harry adachokera pakufanana kwakuthupi pakati pa Hewitt ndi Harry. Komabe, Harry anali atabadwa kale pomwe chibwenzi cha Diana ndi Hewitt chinayamba.
+
+Kulekana mwalamulo ndi kusudzulana 
+Mu December 1992, nduna yaikulu ya ku Britain, John Major, analengeza kuti banjali lapatukana mwalamulo mu Nyumba ya Malamulo. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chimenecho, atolankhani aku Britain adasindikiza zonena za zokambirana zapa foni pakati pa Charles ndi Camilla kuyambira 1989, zomwe adazitcha Camillagate ndi atolankhani. Charles adafuna kumvetsetsa kwa anthu mufilimu ya kanema wawayilesi, Charles: The Private Man, the Public Role, ndi Jonathan Dimbleby yomwe idawulutsidwa pa 29 June 1994. Poyankhulana mufilimuyi, adatsimikiza za chibwenzi chake ndi Camilla, ponena kuti adachitapo kanthu. adatsitsimutsanso ubale wawo mu 1986 pokhapokha ukwati wake ndi Diana "unasokonekera". Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kuvomereza kwa Diana mwini mavuto a m'banja poyankhulana ndi BBC panopa amasonyeza Panorama, yofalitsidwa pa November 20, 1995. Ponena za ubale wa Charles ndi Camilla, anati: "Chabwino, tinalipo atatu muukwati uwu, kotero. kunali kodzaza pang'ono." Anasonyezanso kukayikira ngati mwamuna wake ndi woyenera kukhala mfumu. Charles ndi Diana adasudzulana pa Ogasiti 28, 1996, atalangizidwa ndi Mfumukazi mu Disembala 1995 kuti athetse ukwatiwo. Diana anaphedwa pa ngozi ya galimoto ku Paris pa 31 August chaka chotsatira; Charles adawulukira ku Paris ndi azilongo ake a Diana kuti aperekeze thupi lake kubwerera ku Britain.
+
+Ukwati ndi Camilla Parker Bowles 
+Kugwirizana kwa Charles ndi Camilla Parker Bowles kudalengezedwa pa 10 February 2005; adamupatsa mphete yachinkhoswe yomwe inali ya agogo ake. Chilolezo cha Mfumukazi paukwatiwo (monga chimafunidwa ndi Royal Marriages Act 1772) chidalembedwa pamsonkhano wa Privy Council pa 2 Marichi. Ku Canada, Dipatimenti Yoona za Chilungamo inalengeza chigamulo chake chakuti Queen's Privy Council ku Canada sichiyenera kukumana kuti apereke chilolezo chaukwati, chifukwa mgwirizanowu sudzabweretsa ana ndipo sudzakhudza kutsatizana kwa mpando wachifumu wa Canada. .
+
+Charles anali yekhayo m'banja lachifumu amene anali ndi ukwati wapachiweniweni m'malo mwa ukwati wa tchalitchi ku England. Zolemba zaboma za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, zofalitsidwa ndi BBC, zidati ukwati woterewu ndi wosaloledwa, ngakhale izi zidathetsedwa ndi mneneri wa Charles, ndipo zidafotokozedwa kuti zidatha ndi boma.
+
+Ukwatiwo udayenera kuchitika pamwambo wamba ku Windsor Castle, ndi madalitso achipembedzo ku St George's Chapel. Malowa adasinthidwa kukhala Windsor Guildhall, chifukwa ukwati wapachiweniweni ku Windsor Castle uyenera kuti malowa azipezeka kwa aliyense amene akufuna kukwatirana kumeneko. Kutatsala masiku anayi ukwatiwo usanachitike, unaimitsidwa kuyambira tsiku lomwe linakonzedweratu la 8 April mpaka tsiku lotsatira kuti alole Charles ndi ena mwa akuluakulu oitanidwa kukapezeka pa maliro a Papa John Paul II.
+
+Makolo a Charles sanapite nawo mwambo waukwati wa boma; Kukana kwa Mfumukazi kupezekapo mwina kudayamba chifukwa cha udindo wake monga Bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa Tchalitchi cha England. Mfumukazi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Edinburgh adachita nawo mwambo wamadalitso ndipo pambuyo pake adachita phwando la okwatirana kumene ku Windsor Castle. Madalitso, a Archbishop waku Canterbury, Rowan Williams, ku St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, adawulutsidwa.
+
+Zolemba 
+1948 kubadwa
+Camilla  (wobadwa Camilla Rosemary Shand, pambuyo pake Parker Bowles, 17 July 1947) ndi Queen consort waku United Kingdom  ndi madera ena 14 a Commonwealth monga mkazi wa Mfumu Charles III.
+
+Camilla adakulira ku East Sussex ndi South Kensington ku England ndipo adaphunzira ku England, Switzerland, ndi France. Mu 1973, adakwatiwa ndi mkulu wankhondo waku Britain Andrew Parker Bowles, yemwe ali ndi ana awiri. Anasudzulana mu 1995. Camilla ndi Charles ankakondana nthawi ndi nthawi asanakwatirane komanso paukwati wawo woyamba. Ubale wawo udafalitsidwa kwambiri m'manyuzipepala ndipo udakopa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2005, Camilla adakwatirana ndi Charles ku Windsor Guildhall, zomwe zidatsatiridwa ndi mdalitso wa kanema wa Anglican ku St George's Chapel ku Windsor Castle.
+
+Monga ma Duchess aku Cornwall, Camilla adachita zochitika zapagulu, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mwamuna wake. Ndiwothandizira, purezidenti, kapena membala wa mabungwe ambiri othandizira ndi mabungwe. Kuyambira 1994, Camilla wakhala akuchita kampeni yodziwitsa anthu za osteoporosis, zomwe zamupatsa ulemu ndi mphotho zingapo. Iye walimbikitsanso anthu kudziwa zambiri zokhudza kugwiriridwa, kugwiriridwa, kuphunzira kuwerenga ndi kulemba, kusamalira nyama komanso umphawi. Pa Seputembara 8, 2022, Camilla adakhala mfumukazi atamwalira apongozi ake, Mfumukazi Elizabeth II.
+
+1947 kubadwa
+Diana, Mfumukazi ya Wales (wobadwa Diana Frances Spencer; 1 Julayi 1961 - 31 Ogasiti 1997), anali membala wa banja lachifumu la Britain. Anali mkazi woyamba wa Charles, Prince of Wales (kenako Charles III), komanso amayi a Prince William ndi Harry. Zochita za Diana komanso kukongola kwake zidamupangitsa kukhala munthu wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndipo zidamupangitsa kuti atchuke kwambiri komanso kuti anthu azimuyang'ana zomwe sizinachitikepo m'mbuyomu, zomwe zidakulitsidwa ndi moyo wake wachinsinsi.
+
+Diana adabadwira ku Britain ndipo adakulira pafupi ndi banja lachifumu pamalo awo aku Sandringham. Mu 1981, akugwira ntchito ngati wothandizira nazale, adakwatirana ndi Prince Charles, mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth II. Ukwati wawo udachitikira ku St Paul's Cathedral mu 1981 ndipo adamupanga kukhala Mfumukazi ya Wales, gawo lomwe anthu adamulandira mokondwera. Anali ndi ana aamuna awiri, William ndi Harry, omwe panthawiyo anali achiwiri ndi achitatu pamzere wotsatizana pampando wachifumu waku Britain. Ukwati wa Diana ndi Charles udasokonekera chifukwa chosagwirizana komanso zibwenzi zakunja. Anapatukana mu 1992, patangotha ​​​​kutha kwa ubale wawo kudadziwika kwa anthu. Mavuto awo a m’banja anayamba kufalitsidwa kwambiri, ndipo anasudzulana mu 1996.
+
+Monga Mfumukazi ya Wales, Diana adatenga udindo wachifumu m'malo mwa Mfumukazi ndikumuyimira pazochitika zamayiko a Commonwealth. Analemekezedwa m'manyuzipepala chifukwa cha njira yake yosagwirizana ndi ntchito zachifundo. Poyamba ankakonda ana ndi okalamba, koma pambuyo pake adadziwika chifukwa chochita nawo kampeni ziwiri: imodzi inali yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuvomereza odwala AIDS, ndipo ina inali yochotsa mabomba okwirira, omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi International Red. Mtanda. Analimbikitsanso kuzindikira ndikulimbikitsa njira zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa komanso matenda amisala. Diana poyambilira adadziwika chifukwa chamanyazi, koma chidwi chake komanso chifundo chake zidamupangitsa kuti azikondedwa ndi anthu ndipo zidamuthandiza kuti mbiri yake ipulumuke ukwati wake utatha. Amatengedwa ngati photogenic, anali mtsogoleri wamafashoni muzaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990. Imfa ya Diana pa ngozi yagalimoto ku Paris idadzetsa kulira kwa anthu komanso chidwi chapadziko lonse lapansi. Kufufuza kwa Metropolitan Police kunapereka chigamulo cha "kupha mosaloledwa". Cholowa chake chakhudza kwambiri banja lachifumu komanso gulu la Britain.
+
+Chikwati 
+Diana anakumana koyamba ndi Kalonga wa Wales (tsopano Charles III), mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa Elizabeth II komanso wolowa nyumba, ali ndi zaka 16 mu November 1977. Panthawiyo anali ndi zaka 29 ndipo anali pachibwenzi ndi mlongo wake wamkulu, Sarah. Charles ndi Diana anali alendo kumapeto kwa sabata m'chilimwe cha 1980 pomwe adamuwona akusewera polo ndipo adamukonda kwambiri ngati mkwatibwi. Ubale unakula pamene adamuyitana kuti alowe m'bwato lachifumu la Britannia kumapeto kwa sabata kupita ku Cowes. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi kuitanira ku Balmoral Castle (malo okhala ku Scottish a banja lachifumu) kukakumana ndi banja lake kumapeto kwa sabata mu November 1980. Analandiridwa bwino ndi Mfumukazi, Amayi a Mfumukazi ndi Duke wa Edinburgh. Pambuyo pake Charles adachita chibwenzi ndi Diana ku London. Adafunsira pa 6 February 1981 ku Windsor Castle, ndipo adavomera, koma chibwenzi chawo chidasungidwa mwachinsinsi kwa milungu iwiri ndi theka.
+
+Zolemba 
+1961 kubandwa
+Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 - 28 May 1972) anali Mfumu ya United Kingdom ndi Dominions of the British Empire and Emperor of India kuyambira 20 January 1936 mpaka kuchotsedwa kwake mu December chaka chomwecho.
+
+Edward adabadwa muulamuliro wa agogo ake aakazi a Mfumukazi Victoria ngati mwana wamkulu wa Duke ndi Duchess aku York, kenako Mfumu George V ndi Mfumukazi Mary. Adapangidwa Prince of Wales patsiku lake lobadwa la 16, patatha milungu isanu ndi iwiri kuchokera pamene abambo ake adakhala mfumu. Ali mnyamata, Edward adatumikira ku British Army panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ndipo adayenda maulendo angapo akunja m'malo mwa abambo ake. Ali Prince of Wales, adachita zachiwerewere zomwe zidadetsa nkhawa abambo ake komanso nduna yayikulu yaku Britain Stanley Baldwin.
+
+Bambo ake atamwalira mu 1936, Edward adakhala mfumu yachiwiri ya Nyumba ya Windsor. Mfumu yatsopanoyi inasonyeza kusaleza mtima ndi ndondomeko ya khoti, ndipo inachititsa nkhawa pakati pa andale chifukwa chooneka kuti sakulemekeza malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino. Patangotha ​​​​miyezi ingapo muulamuliro wake, vuto la malamulo linayambika chifukwa chofuna kukwatira Wallis Simpson, wa ku America yemwe adasudzula mwamuna wake woyamba ndipo akufuna chisudzulo kwa wachiwiri wake. Akuluakulu a ku United Kingdom ndi a Dominion adatsutsa ukwatiwo, ponena kuti mkazi wosudzulidwa ndi amuna awiri omwe analipo kale anali osavomerezeka pandale komanso pagulu ngati woyembekezera kukhala mfumukazi. Kuwonjezera apo, ukwati woterowo ukanakhala wotsutsana ndi udindo wa Edward monga mutu wa Tchalitchi cha England, chimene, panthaŵiyo, sichinkavomereza kukwatiranso pambuyo pa chisudzulo ngati mwamuna kapena mkazi wake wakale akadali ndi moyo. Edward adadziwa kuti boma la Baldwin lisiya ntchito ngati ukwatiwo ungapitirire, zomwe zikanakakamiza chisankho chachikulu ndipo zikanasokoneza udindo wake ngati mfumu yosalowerera ndale. Zikaonekeratu kuti sangakwatire Simpson ndikukhalabe pampando wachifumu, adakana. Anatsogoleredwa ndi mng'ono wake, George VI. Ndi ulamuliro wa masiku 326, Edward anali mfumu yaifupi yolamulira ku Britain mpaka pano malinga ndi maulamuliro omaliza.
+
+Pambuyo pa kuchotsedwa kwake, Edward adalengedwa Mtsogoleri wa Windsor. Anakwatira Simpson ku France pa 3 June 1937, chisudzulo chake chachiwiri chitatha. Chakumapeto kwa chaka chimenecho, banjali linayendera dziko la Nazi ku Germany. Panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Edward poyamba anali ndi Military Mission ya Britain ku France, koma atamunamizira payekha kuti anali wachifundo cha Nazi, adasankhidwa kukhala Kazembe wa Bahamas. Nkhondo itatha, Edward anakhala moyo wake wonse ku France. Iye ndi Wallis adakwatirana mpaka imfa yake mu 1972.
+
+1894 kubadwa
+Imfa 1972
+Starlink ndi gulu la nyenyezi la satana pa intaneti lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi SpaceX, lomwe limapereka mwayi wofikira pa intaneti pa satellite kumayiko 40. Ikufunanso ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi ya mafoni am'manja pambuyo pa 2023. SpaceX idayamba kukhazikitsa masatilaiti a Starlink mu 2019. Pofika Seputembara 2022, Starlink ili ndi ma satelayiti ang'onoang'ono opitilira 3,000 opangidwa mochuluka mu low Earth orbit (LEO),[5] omwe amalumikizana ndi malo omwe adasankhidwa. transceivers. Starlink imapereka mwayi wopezeka pa intaneti kwa olembetsa opitilira 500,000 kuyambira Juni 2022.
+
+Malo opangira ma satellite a SpaceX ku Redmond, Washington amakhala ndi magulu ofufuza a Starlink, chitukuko, kupanga, ndi ma orbit control. Mtengo wa projekiti yazaka khumi yopangira, kumanga, ndi kutumiza gulu la nyenyezilo akuti ndi SpaceX mu Meyi 2018 kukhala osachepera $ 10 biliyoni. Mu February 2017, zolemba zinasonyeza kuti SpaceX ikuyembekeza ndalama zoposa $ 30 biliyoni pofika 2025 kuchokera ku gulu la nyenyezi la satellite, pamene ndalama zochokera ku bizinesi yake yoyambitsa zikuyembekezeka kufika $ 5 biliyoni chaka chomwecho.
+
+Pa 15 Okutobala 2019, United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) idapereka zikalata ku International Telecommunication Union (ITU) m'malo mwa SpaceX kuti ikonzekere ma satelayiti owonjezera 30,000 a Starlink kuti awonjezere ma satellite 12,000 a Starlink omwe avomerezedwa kale ndi FCC.
+
+Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo anena kuti akuda nkhawa ndi mmene magulu a nyenyeziwo angakhudzire sayansi ya zakuthambo zozikidwa pa nthaka komanso mmene ma satelayitiwo angawonjezerere malo okhala kale ozungulira ozungulira. SpaceX yayesera kuchepetsa nkhawa zakuthambo pokhazikitsa ma satelayiti a Starlink omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kuwala kwawo panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ma satelayiti amapangidwa kuti apewe kugundana kutengera deta yolumikizidwa.
+
+Mbiri 
+Milalang'amba ya ma satelayiti otsika a Earth orbit idayamba kuganiziridwa mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ngati gawo la Strategic Defense Initiative, pomwe zida zidayenera kukhazikitsidwa mozungulira kuti ziwike zida zoponya mwangozi posachedwa. Kuthekera kwa kulumikizana kwanthawi yayitali kudazindikirikanso ndikukula kwa masamba muzaka za m'ma 1990 kudapangitsa kuti magulu ambiri amalonda azigwiritsa ntchito ma satellite pafupifupi 100 monga Celestri, Teledesic, Iridium, ndi Globalstar. Komabe mabungwe onse adalowa mu bankirapuse chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa dot-com, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zoyambira panthawiyo.
+
+Mu June 2004, kampani yatsopano yotchedwa SpaceX inapeza gawo la Surrey Satellite Technology (SSTL) monga gawo la "masomphenya ogawana nawo". SSTL panthawiyo inali ntchito yokulitsa intaneti mumlengalenga. Komabe, mtengo wa SpaceX udagulitsidwanso ku EADS Astrium mu 2008 kampaniyo itayang'ana kwambiri pakuyenda komanso kuyang'anira Earth.
+
+Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2014, Elon Musk ndi Greg Wyler akuti ankagwira ntchito limodzi kukonza gulu la nyenyezi la ma satellites pafupifupi 700 lotchedwa WorldVu, lomwe likanakhala lalikulu kuwirikiza ka 10 kukula kwa gulu la nyenyezi lalikulu kwambiri la Iridium panthawiyo. Komabe, zokambiranazi zidatha pofika mu June 2014, ndipo SpaceX m'malo mwake idapereka pulogalamu ya ITU kudzera ku Norway telecom regulator pansi pa dzina lakuti STEAM. SpaceX idatsimikizira kulumikizana mu pulogalamu ya 2016 yopatsa chilolezo Starlink ndi FCC. SpaceX idalemba dzina la Starlink pamanetiweki awo a satellite broadband; dzinalo linauziridwa ndi bukhu lakuti The Fault in Our Stars.
+
+Kupezeka ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo ndi dziko 
+Pofuna kupereka chithandizo cha satellite m'dziko lililonse, malamulo a International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ndi mapangano omwe akhalapo kwanthawi yayitali padziko lonse lapansi amafuna kuti ufulu wofikira uperekedwe ndi ulamuliro wa dziko lililonse, komanso m'dziko, ndi oyang'anira zoyankhulirana m'dziko. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale network ya Starlink ili pafupi ndi dziko lonse lapansi pamtunda wocheperapo pafupifupi 60 °, mautumiki a Broadband atha kuperekedwa m'maiko 40 kuyambira Seputembara 2022. SpaceX imathanso kukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso malingaliro azachuma omwe angapangitse kusiyana. ndi mayiko ati omwe amapereka chithandizo cha Starlink, mwadongosolo liti, komanso posachedwa. Mwachitsanzo, SpaceX idapempha chilolezo ku Canada kokha mu June 2020, olamulira aku Canada adavomereza mu Novembala 2020, ndipo SpaceX idakhazikitsa miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake, mu Januware 2021. Pofika Seputembala 2022, ntchito za Starlink zinali kuperekedwa m'maiko 40. , ndi mapulogalamu omwe akudikirira kuvomerezedwa ndi malamulo ena ambiri. Wothandizira mafoni aku Japan, KDDI, adalengeza mgwirizano ndi SpaceX kuti ayambe kupereka mu 2022 kukulitsa kulumikizana kwamakasitomala akumidzi akumidzi kudzera pansanja zakutali za 1,200. Pa Epulo 25, 2022, Hawaiian Airlines idalengeza mgwirizano ndi Starlink kuti ipereke intaneti yaulere pa ndege yake, kukhala ndege yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Starlink. Mu May 2022, analengeza kuti chivomerezo cha malamulo chaperekedwa ku Nigeria, Mozambique, ndi Philippines. Mu Julayi 2022, zidalengezedwa kuti Starlink ikupezeka m'maiko 36 ndi misika 41.
+
+Zolemba 
+Mauthenga a nyenyezi a satelayiti
+Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapachiweniweni Yachingerezi idamenyedwa ku England ndi Wales kuyambira pafupifupi Ogasiti 1642 mpaka Juni 1646 ndipo ndi gawo la 1639 mpaka 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Mikangano ina yokhudzana ndi izi ndi monga Nkhondo za Bishops, Irish Confederate Wars, Second English Civil War, nkhondo ya Anglo-Scottish (1650-1652) ndi kugonjetsa kwa Cromwellian ku Ireland. Kutengera kuyerekezera kwamakono, 15% mpaka 20% ya amuna onse akuluakulu ku England ndi Wales adagwira ntchito yankhondo pakati pa 1639 mpaka 1651 ndipo pafupifupi 4% ya anthu onse adamwalira chifukwa cha nkhondo, poyerekeza ndi 2.23% mu Nkhondo Yadziko I. Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa momwe mikangano imakhudzira anthu ambiri komanso mkwiyo womwe umayambitsa.
+
+Mkangano wandale pakati pa Charles Woyamba ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo kuyambira koyambirira kwa ulamuliro wake ndipo udafika pachimake pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Ulamuliro Wamunthu mu 1629. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo za Bishopu za 1639 mpaka 1640, Charles adakumbukira Nyumba Yamalamulo mu Novembala 1640 akuyembekeza kupeza ndalama zomwe zingamuthandize. kuti asinthe kugonjetsedwa kwake ndi a Scots Covenants koma pobwezera adafuna kuvomereza kwakukulu pandale. Pamene kuli kwakuti ochuluka anachirikiza kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa monarchy, iwo sanagwirizane ponena za amene ali ndi ulamuliro womalizira; A Royalists nthawi zambiri amatsutsa kuti Nyumba yamalamulo inali pansi pa mfumu, pomwe ambiri omwe amawatsutsa a Nyumba Yamalamulo amatsatira ulamuliro wachifumu. Komabe, izi zimathandizira chowonadi chovuta kwambiri; ambiri poyamba sanaloŵerere kapena kupita kunkhondo monyinyirika kwambiri ndipo kusankha mbali kaŵirikaŵiri kunabwera chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwawo.
+
+Pamene mkanganowo unayamba mu August 1642, mbali zonse ziwiri zinkayembekezera kuti nkhondoyo idzathetsedwa, koma posakhalitsa zinaonekeratu kuti sizinali choncho. Kupambana kwa Royalist mu 1643 kudapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa Nyumba yamalamulo ndi aku Scots omwe adapambana nkhondo zingapo mu 1644, chofunikira kwambiri chinali Nkhondo ya Marston Moor. Kumayambiriro kwa 1645, Nyumba Yamalamulo inavomereza kupangidwa kwa New Model Army, gulu loyamba lankhondo laukatswiri ku England, ndipo kupambana kwawo ku Naseby mu June 1645 kunatsimikizika. Nkhondoyo inatha ndi kupambana kwa mgwirizano wa Nyumba Yamalamulo mu June 1646 ndipo Charles ali m'ndende, koma kukana kwake kukambirana ndi magawano pakati pa adani ake kunayambitsa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya Chingelezi mu 1648.
+L'Enciclopèdia ku ChiValencia ndi encyclopedia ya wiki ku ChiValencia yomwe idapangidwa pa Disembala 2, 2007. Pa Okutobala 2, 2022 inali ndi zolemba zonse za 25,443.
+
+L'Enciclopèdia, ndiye "encyclopedia yokhayo yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Valencian ku ChiValencia", Normes d'El Puig wa Royal Academy of Valencian Culture kuyambira 1979 komanso "yokhayo yolembedwa mu ChiValencia kuchokera ku Valencian Community palokha ndikuyankhidwa kwa omvera aku Valencian".
+
+Chimodzi mwazolinga za L'Enciclopèdia ndikukhazikitsa encyclopedia yaulere ku ChiValencia ndikufalitsa chilankhulo ndi chikhalidwe cha ku Valencia pa intaneti.
+
+Wikis
+Monroe Baker (wobadwa 1821 kapena 1823) ndi wandale waku America yemwe adagwirapo ntchito ngati meya wa St. Martinville, Louisiana, m'modzi mwa akale kwambiri ngati sanali meya woyamba waku Africa-America ku United States.
+
+Mbili yake 
+Baker anabadwa mu 1821 (pa 1870 U.S. Census) kapena 1823 (mwa 1850 U.S. Census) ku St. Mary Parish, Louisiana ndipo anasamukira ku St. Martinville, Louisiana.[1] Amatchulidwa ngati wakuda waulere[2] wamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndipo mlimi adalembedwa ngati ntchito yake.[1] Mu 1867, adasankhidwa kukhala meya wa St. Martinville ndi Bwanamkubwa Benjamin Flanders atamwalira meya Pierre Gary.[1] Anatumikira pafupifupi chaka chimodzi.[1] Mu Census ya 1870, adalembedwa ngati "mlonda wolimba mtima" ndipo pofika 1891, adalembedwa ngati "mzika yochita chidwi komanso wobzala bwino".
+
+Mu 1845, anakwatira Mary L. Barrier ndipo anabereka ana 12. Magwero akuwonetsa kuti anali ndi mkazi wachiwiri dzina lake Clotide yemwe adabereka naye ana asanu ndipo akuti anali ndi ana khumi ndi awiri pakati pa akazi ake awiri.
+Edward D. Green (1865 - ?) anali wandale waku America komanso wochita bizinesi. Adayimilira chigawo choyamba, ngati wa Republican ku Illinois House of Representatives kuyambira 1905 mpaka 1907 komanso kuyambira 1911 mpaka 1913. Pa nthawi yake yoyamba, anali yekha wa ku Africa-America kutumikira m'Nyumbayi.
+
+Moyo woyambirira, maphunziro ndi ntchito 
+Edward D. Green anabadwira ku Pennsylvania mu 1865. [1] Makolo ake anali Maudline ndi Jonathan Green.[2] Pofika m'chaka cha 1867, banjali linali ku St. Louis, Missouri. [1] [2] Anapita ku Sumner High School ku St. Louis. [2]
+
+Green anali membala wa Knights of Pythias. Mu 1904, adakonza dipatimenti yazamalonda yapadziko lonse. Analinso wa Methodist komanso membala wa Appomattox Club.
+
+Mu 1911, Green adasamukira ku Chicago, Illinois ndipo amakhala mdera la Bronzeville.
+
+Ndale ndi moyo 
+Atafika ku Chicago mu 1911, Green anayamba kugwira ntchito yogulitsa nyumba. Anagwira ntchito ngati mlembi ku Northern Assets Realization Company. Pofika mu 1915, Green anali wosakwatiwa. Anapitirizabe kukhala membala wa Knights of Pythias, akutumikira monga mlembi wa bungwe la dziko lonse komanso mlembi wa bungwe la Pythian Temple Sanitarium Commission.[2]
+
+Illinois House of Representatives 
+Green adagwira ntchito ziwiri zosiyana, 1905-07 ndi 1911-13, mu Illinois House of Representatives ngati Republican. Pa nthawi yake yoyamba, anali yekha wa ku Africa-America kutumikira m'Nyumbayi.[1]
+
+M'nthawi yake yoyamba, adayambitsa chikalata choletsa masewerawa. [2] Iye anakhazikitsa bwino lamulo loletsa tsankho pamitengo ya maliro m'manda potengera mtundu.[1][2] Anayambitsanso ndalama zotsutsana ndi lynching ndi anti-mob.
+
+Anathamangira ku Illinois State Senate Democratic kusankhidwa kwa chigawo cha 3rd mu 1910. Pa chisankho chake, The Broad Ax, yomwe inavomereza Green, inati "ayima poyerekezera ndi anthu achikuda abwino kwambiri ku Chicago." [3] Sanapambane. kusankha.
+
+Anathamangiranso chisankho kwa nthawi yachitatu mu 1912 ndipo sanapambane chisankho. Mzungu anasankhidwa m’malo mwake. Inakhala nthawi yoyamba kuti munthu wakuda asatumikire mu Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Boma la Illinois kuyambira 1880.
+George William Butler anali woyimira boma ku Mississippi. Adayimira Sharkey County, Mississippi mu Mississippi House of Representatives kuyambira 1884 mpaka 1894. [1] [2]
+
+Mu 1884 iye anatumikira mu Komiti ya Engrossed Bills. [3]
+
+Mu 1890, adafotokozedwa ngati m'modzi mwa ma Republican asanu ndi limodzi ku Mississippi House. Iye ndi G. W. Gayles anali anthu awiri omaliza a ku Africa kuno kutumikira mu Mississippi House kwa zaka zotsatira 74[5] pamene Robert G. Clark anatumikira.
+Amos Hargrett (Seputembala 14, 1833 - Novembala 1905) anali mlimi, woimira boma, chilungamo chamtendere, komanso nthumwi ku Msonkhano Wachigawo wa 1885 ku Florida. Iye anali mmodzi mwa nthumwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zinali African American. Yemwe anali senator wakale wa boma la Florida James Hargrett ndi mdzukulu wake wa chidzukulu.
+
+Adabadwira ku Miccosukee, Florida. Anali kapolo.
+
+Adatumikira ngati Wakulla County Commissioner kuyambira 1868 mpaka 1870 munthawi ya Kumanganso. Anatumikira monga komiti ya oyendetsa ndege ku St. Marks kuyambira 1874 mpaka 1877. Anatumikira monga chilungamo cha mtendere ku Wakulla County mu 1876 ndi 1877 ndipo anali nthumwi ku Florida's 1885 Constitutional Convention. Kuyambira 1892 mpaka 1894 adagwira ntchito yotumizira makalata ku St. Marks. Mwamuna ndi bambo adatumikira ngati dikoni mu Missionary Baptist Church kwa zaka makumi atatu.Amos Hargrett Jr. (1865 - 1931) anabadwira ku Wakulla County.
+
+Anatumikira m’bungwe la anthu okopa anthu pamodzi ndi W. T. Duval ndi James W. Smith Jr. mu 1877.
+
+Iye anaikidwa m'manda ku Walker Cemetery.
+Moses Garrison Hepburn Jr. (1832 - Disembala 1, 1897) anali wandale waku America, wosamalira nyumba ya alendo, komanso wabizinesi wosankhidwa kukhala phungu woyamba waku Africa America waku West Chester, Pennsylvania, mu 1882. [1] Mu 1866, adakhazikitsa Magnolia House, malo okhawo omwe amachitira alendo aku Africa America, komwe adalandira Frederick Douglass ndi owunikira ena akuda.
+
+Moyo woyambirira ndi banja 
+Bambo ake, nawonso a Moses Hepburn, anali mwana wachibadwa wa William Hepburn, wolemera waukapolo woyera, ndi Esther, mkazi waukapolo, onse ochokera ku Alexandria, Virginia. Bambo wake wa kapoloyo adalemba amayi ndi mwana wamwamuna ndikuwapatsa zomwe amafunikira m'chifuniro chake. Moses Hepburn Sr. chifukwa chake adakhala munthu wolemera kwambiri waku Africa America ku Northern Virginia ndipo adakhazikitsa mbiri yakale ya Moses Hepburn Rowhouses ku Alexandria ku 1856. Hepburn Jr. atabadwa mu 1832, abambo ake adamutumiza ku Pennsylvania kuti akalandire maphunziro. Banjalo linasamukira ku West Chester mu 1853 boma la US litabwezeretsanso Alexandria ku Virginia mu 1847. Virginia adawopseza a Hepburns kuti azitsatira malamulo a boma odana ndi kuwerenga oletsa maphunziro a anthu akuda. [3] [4]
+
+Ntchito yamalonda 
+Mu 1866, Hepburn Jr. adakhazikitsa Magnolia House, nyumba yanyumba ya njerwa yansanjika zitatu yokhala ndi zipinda khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zomwe zili pa 300 East Miner Street m'chigawo cha Georgetown cha African American ku West Chester. Nyumba ya Magnolia inali malo okhawo ogona komanso malo ogonera m'tauni yomwe inkathandiza anthu aku Africa America, omwe tsankho lisanalowe m'malo omwewo. Frederick Douglass, William H. Day, ndi zina zounikira Black anagona pa Magnolia pamene m'tauni. [3] [5]
+
+Kuphatikiza pa Magnolia House, Hepburn adayendetsa ntchito yama omnibus ndipo anali ndi khola, famu yamaekala 56, ndi zina khumi ndi chimodzi. Anali wotchuka m'tawuni ya African American monga membala wa Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, Liberty Coronet Band, Knights Templar, ndi Free and Accepted Masons. Chifukwa chochita zinthu ndi anthu ammudzi, mabizinesi otukuka, komanso katundu wambiri, Hepburn adakhala "wachikuda wolemera kwambiri komanso wodziwika bwino m'chigawo cha Chester," wokhala ndi ndalama zopitirira $29,000 atamwalira.[3][5]
+
+Ntchito yandale 
+M'zaka za m'ma 1870, atsogoleri a Republican Party ku West Chester adafuna mavoti a Black koma anakana kuganizira anthu akuda kuti akhale osankhidwa. Atachenjezedwa kuti gulu la anthu aku Africa ku America linyanyala zisankho kapena kuvotera ofuna kuvotera Democratic, aku Republican adagwirizana ndi dongosolo la ma ward lomwe lingathandize kuyimilira anthu akuda kum'mawa kwa tawuni ya Georgetown. Hepburn adapambana chisankho cha 1882 cha woyimilira khonsolo ndi voti imodzi. [6] Anagwira ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri, kukhala m'makomiti a gasi ndi apolisi a khonsolo, ndipo adatsatiridwa ndi makhansala ena anayi aku Africa ku America m'zaka khumi zotsatira.
+
+Mu 1892, makina a chipani cha Republican Party, omwe amalamulira ndale za West Chester, adasinthiratu zisankho zazikulu, ndikuchepetsa voti ya Black ndikuchotsa oyimira African American pa khonsolo ya boma kwa zaka pafupifupi 75. Komiti yachipani idapereka chigamulochi pa mavoti 9-7 popanda quorum.[3]
+
+Moyo waumwini 
+Hepburn anamwalira pa malo ake odyera ku West Chester pa December 1, 1897, chifukwa cha "kutaya magazi m'mapapo," mwinamwake kunadza chifukwa cha mkangano ndi mlendo woyera.[3]
+
+Mkamwini wake, John W. Smothers, anatenga bizinesiyo ndipo anayendetsa Magnolia House mpaka 1922.[5]
+
+Andale
+United States of America (U.S.A. kapena USA), yomwe imadziwika kuti United States (U.S. kapena US) kapena America, ndi dziko lodutsa m'mayiko ambiri ku North America. Ili ndi zigawo 50, chigawo cha federal, madera asanu akuluakulu osaphatikizidwa, Minor Outlying Islands zisanu ndi zinayi, ndi malo 326 aku India. Ndilo dziko lachitatu pakukula kwa malo ndi malo onse.United States imagawana malire ndi Canada kumpoto kwake ndi Mexico kumwera kwake. Ili ndi malire apanyanja ndi Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, ndi mayiko ena.Ndi anthu opitilira 331 miliyoni, ndi dziko lachitatu lomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Likulu la dzikolo ndi Washington, D.C., ndipo mzinda wokhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso likulu lazachuma ndi New York City.
+
+Anthu a ku Paleo-aboriginals anasamuka ku Siberia kupita ku North America zaka zosachepera 12,000 zapitazo, ndipo zikhalidwe zapamwamba zinayamba kuonekera pambuyo pake. Zikhalidwe zapamwambazi zidatsala pang'ono kutsika pofika nthawi yomwe atsamunda aku Europe adafika m'zaka za zana la 16. United States idatuluka m'makoloni khumi ndi atatu aku Britain pomwe mikangano ndi Britain Crown pamisonkho komanso kuyimilira ndale idatsogolera ku America Revolution (1765-1784), yomwe idakhazikitsa ufulu wodziyimira pawokha. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, US idayamba kukula kudutsa North America, pang'onopang'ono kupeza madera atsopano, nthawi zina kudzera munkhondo, kuthamangitsa Amwenye aku America pafupipafupi, ndikuvomereza mayiko atsopano. Pofika m’chaka cha 1848, dziko la United States linafalikira kudera lonselo kuchokera kum’mawa mpaka kumadzulo. Mkangano wokhudza mchitidwe waukapolo unafika pachimake pakupatukana kwa Confederate States of America, yomwe idamenya nkhondo yotsala ya Union panthawi ya Nkhondo Yachiŵeniŵeni ku America (1861-1865). Ndi chigonjetso cha Union ndi kusungidwa, ukapolo unathetsedwa ndi Thirteenth Amendment.
+
+Pofika m’chaka cha 1900, dziko la United States linali litakhala dziko lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nkhondo ya ku Spain ndi America komanso nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse inakhazikitsa dzikoli kukhala ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse. Pambuyo pa kuukira modzidzimutsa kwa Japan pa Pearl Harbor mu 1941, dziko la United States linalowa mu Nkhondo Yadziko II kumbali ya Allied. Zotsatira za nkhondoyo zinasiya United States ndi Soviet Union kukhala maulamuliro aŵiri amphamvu padziko lonse. M’kati mwa Nkhondo Yozizira, maiko onse aŵiriwo anamenyera nkhondo kaamba ka ulamuliro wa malingaliro koma anapeŵa mikangano yachindunji yankhondo. Adachita nawo mpikisano wa Space Race, womwe udafika pachimake mu 1969 American spaceflight yomwe idafikira anthu pa Mwezi. Nthawi yomweyo, gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe lidapangitsa kuti malamulo athetsere malamulo a Jim Crow am'boma ndi am'deralo komanso tsankho lina lodziwika bwino kwa anthu aku Africa America. Kutha kwa dziko la Soviet Union mu 1991 kunathetsa nkhondo yapakamwa, ndipo dziko la United States linali lokhalo lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse. Kuukira kwa Seputembala 11 ku 2001 kudapangitsa kuti dziko la United States liyambitse nkhondo yachigawenga, yomwe idaphatikizapo Nkhondo ku Afghanistan (2001-2021) ndi Nkhondo yaku Iraq (2003-2011).
+
+United States ndi boma la federal lomwe lili ndi nthambi zitatu za boma, kuphatikizapo malamulo a bicameral. Ndi ufulu wa demokalase ndi chuma cha msika; ili pamwamba pa miyeso yapadziko lonse ya ufulu waumunthu, ubwino wa moyo, ndalama ndi chuma, mpikisano wachuma, ndi maphunziro; ndipo ili ndi milingo yochepa ya ziphuphu zomwe zimaganiziridwa. Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa kutsekeredwa m'ndende ndi kusalingana, limalola chilango chachikulu, komanso likusowa chisamaliro chaumoyo padziko lonse. Monga mphika wosungunuka wa zikhalidwe ndi mafuko, US idapangidwa ndi zaka mazana ambiri zakusamuka.
+
+United States ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri, ndipo chuma chake ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a GDP yapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndichokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi potengera GDP pamitengo yosinthira msika. Potengera mtengo wake, United States ndiye wotumiza kunja kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso wotumiza kunja kwachiwiri. Ngakhale kuti amawerengera 4.2% ya anthu onse padziko lapansi, US ili ndi 30% ya chuma chonse padziko lapansi, gawo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe dziko lililonse limakhala nalo. United States ndi membala woyambitsa bungwe la United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organisation of American States, NATO, ndipo ndi membala wokhazikika wa United Nations Security Council. Dzikoli limapanga ndalama zoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo padziko lonse lapansi ndipo ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso gulu lotsogola pazandale, zachikhalidwe komanso zasayansi.
+
+Kubwela kwa dzina 
+Zambiri: Mayina a United States, Mayina a nzika za United States, Kutchula Mayiko a ku America
+
+Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito koyamba kwa dzina lakuti "America" ​​kunayambira m'chaka cha 1507, pamene linawonekera pa mapu a dziko lonse opangidwa ndi wolemba mapu wa dziko la Germany Martin Waldseemüller ku Saint Dié, Lorraine (tsopano kumpoto chakum'maŵa kwa France). Pa mapu ake, dzinali likusonyezedwa m’zilembo zazikulu zimene tsopano zikanatchedwa South America, kulemekeza Amerigo Vespucci. Wofufuza wa ku Italy anali woyamba kunena kuti West Indies sanali kuimira malire akum'mawa kwa Asia koma anali mbali ya malo osadziwika kale.
+
+Kudziyimira pawokha komanso kukula koyambirira 
+Kuukira kwa America kunalekanitsa Atsamunda Khumi ndi Atatu kuchokera ku Ufumu wa Britain, ndipo inali nkhondo yoyamba yopambana yodziyimira pawokha ndi gulu losakhala la ku Europe motsutsana ndi mphamvu yaku Europe m'mbiri yamakono. Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1800 Chidziwitso cha ku America ndi nthanthi zandale za ufulu wa anthu zinali zofala pakati pa atsogoleri. Anthu aku America adayamba kukhala ndi lingaliro la "republicanism", kunena kuti boma lidakhazikika pa chilolezo cha olamulira. Ankafuna "ufulu wawo monga Angelezi" komanso "kusapereka msonkho popanda woyimilira" [kutchulidwa kofunikira] A British adaumirira kuyang'anira madera kudzera mu Nyumba Yamalamulo yomwe inalibe woimira chigawo chilichonse cha America, ndipo mkanganowo unakula mpaka nkhondo. 
+
+Mu 1774, Bungwe Loyamba la Continental Congress linapereka bungwe la Continental Association, lomwe linalamula kuti madera onse azinyanyala katundu wa Britain. Nkhondo ya Chipulumutso ya ku America inayamba chaka chotsatira, chokhudzidwa ndi zochitika monga Stamp Act ndi Boston Tea Party zomwe zinayambira pa kusagwirizana kwaulamuliro ndi ulamuliro wa Britain. Declaration of Independence pa July 4, 1776 (chaka chokondwerera Tsiku la Ufulu). Mu 1781, Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union inakhazikitsa boma lokhazikika lomwe lidagwira ntchito mpaka 1789.Kutembenuka kokondwerera koyambirira kwa nkhondo ya Amereka kunali George Washington kutsogolera mlandu wowoloka Mtsinje wa Delaware wozizira modzidzimutsa usiku wonse pa Khrisimasi 1775. Kupambana kwina pa Nkhondo ya Saratoga kunapangitsa kuti gulu lankhondo la Britain lilandidwe, ndipo adatsogolera. ku France ndi Spain kulowa nawo pankhondo yolimbana ndi a Britain. Gulu lankhondo lachiŵiri la Britain litagonja ku Siege of Yorktown mu 1781, Britain inasaina pangano la mtendere. Ulamuliro wa America unadziwika padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo dziko latsopanolo linapatsidwa gawo lalikulu kummawa kwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi, kuchokera komwe masiku ano amatchedwa Canada kumpoto ndi Florida kumwera.
+
+Pamene zinawonekera mowonjezereka kuti Chigwirizano sichinali chokwanira kulamulira dziko latsopano, ochirikiza dziko anachirikiza ndi kutsogolera Msonkhano wa Philadelphia wa 1787 polemba Malamulo a United States kuti alowe m’malo mwake, ovomerezedwa m’misonkhano ya boma mu 1788. Kuyamba kugwira ntchito mu 1789, izi Constitution idakonzanso boma kukhala chigwirizano choyendetsedwa ndi nthambi zitatu zofanana (zoyang'anira, zamalamulo ndi zamalamulo), pamfundo yokhazikitsa macheke ndi ma balance. George Washington, yemwe adatsogolera gulu lankhondo la Continental kuti apambane, anali purezidenti woyamba kusankhidwa pansi pa malamulo atsopano. Lamulo la Ufulu, loletsa boma loletsa ufulu wa munthu komanso kutsimikizira chitetezo chalamulo, linavomerezedwa mu 1791.Kusamvana ndi Britain kunakhalabe, komabe, zomwe zidatsogolera ku Nkhondo ya 1812, yomwe idamenyedwa movutikira. 
+
+Ngakhale kuti boma la feduro linaletsa anthu a ku America kutenga nawo mbali pa malonda a akapolo a ku Atlantic mu 1807, pambuyo pa 1820, kulima mbewu ya thonje yopindulitsa kwambiri kunaphulika ku Deep South, ndipo pamodzi ndi izo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa akapolo. Kudzutsidwa Kwakukulu Kwachiwiri, makamaka mu nthawi ya 1800-1840, adatembenuza mamiliyoni kukhala Chiprotestanti chauvangeli. Kumpoto, idalimbikitsa magulu angapo osintha chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikiza kuthetseratu; Kummwera, Amethodisti ndi Abaptisti adatembenuza anthu pakati pa akapolo.
+
+Kugula kwa madera a United States pakati pa 1783 ndi 1917
+
+Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, anthu okhala ku America anayamba kufutukuka kulowera chakumadzulo, ena a iwo ali ndi lingaliro la tsogolo lodziwika bwino. The 1803 Louisiana Purchase pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri dera la dzikolo,  Spain idapereka Florida ndi madera ena a Gulf Coast ku 1819,  Republic of Texas idalandidwa mu 1845 panthawi yakukula, ndi 1846 Oregon Treaty ndi Britain inatsogolera ku U.S. kulamulira kwamakono American Northwest. Kuphatikiza apo, Trail of Misozi m'zaka za m'ma 1830s ikupereka chitsanzo cha ndondomeko yochotsa amwenye yomwe inakakamiza amwenye kukhalanso. Izi zidakulitsanso maekala omwe amalimidwa ndi makina, ndikuwonjezera zotsalira zamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi. Izi zidayambitsa nkhondo zazitali za Amwenye aku America kumadzulo kwa Mtsinje wa Mississippi kuchokera ku 1810 mpaka 1890. ndipo pamapeto pake, kumenyana ndi Mexico. Zambiri mwa mikanganoyi zidatha ndi kutha kwa gawo la Native America komanso kutsekeredwa m'malo osungika amwenye. 
+United States
+Amerika
+Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (Chirasha: Ви́ктор Степа́нович Черномы́рдин, IPA: [ˈvʲiktər sʲtʲɪˈpanəvʲɪtɕ tɕɪrnɐˈmɨrdʲman 39/03/2019 ndi bizinesi yaku Russia yaku Russia ndi Novembala 29-01) Anali Minister of Gas Industry of the Soviet Union (13 February 1985-17 July 1989), atatsata izi adakhala wapampando woyamba wa kampani yamagetsi ya Gazprom komanso Prime Minister wakale wa Russia (1992-1998) kutengera motsatizana. zaka. Iye anali munthu wofunikira kwambiri mu ndale za ku Russia m'zaka za m'ma 1990 ndipo adatenga nawo mbali pakusintha kuchoka pakukonzekera kupita ku chuma cha msika. Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2009, anali kazembe wa Russia ku Ukraine. Zitatero, anasankhidwa kukhala mlangizi wa pulezidenti.
+
+Chernomyrdin ankadziwika ku Russia ndi m'mayiko olankhula Chirasha chifukwa cha kalembedwe ka chinenero chake, chomwe chinali ndi malapropisms ndi zolakwika zambiri.  Zambiri mwa zonena zake zinakhala ma aphorisms ndi miyambi mu chilankhulo cha Chirasha, chitsanzo chimodzi ndi mawu akuti "Tinkafuna zabwino, koma zidakhala ngati nthawi zonse." (Chirasha: Хотели как лучше, а получилось как всегда).
+
+Chernomyrdin anamwalira pa 3 November 2010 atadwala kwa nthawi yaitali. Anaikidwa m'manda pafupi ndi mkazi wake ku Novodevichy Cemetery pa 5 November, ndipo maliro ake anaulutsidwa moyo pa Russian federal federal TV channel.
+
+Moyo woyamba ndi maphunziro 
+Chernomyrdin anabadwira ku Chernyi Otrog, Orenburg Oblast, Russian SFSR. Bambo ake anali wantchito ndipo Viktor anali m'modzi mwa ana asanu. Chernomyrdin adamaliza maphunziro asukulu mu 1957 ndipo adapeza ntchito ngati makanika pamalo oyenga mafuta ku Orsk. Anagwira ntchito kumeneko mpaka 1962, kupatulapo ntchito yake ya usilikali kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1960. Ntchito zake zina pafakitale panthawiyi zikuphatikizapo makina, woyendetsa komanso wamkulu wa zomangamanga.
+
+Anakhala membala wa CPSU mu 1961. Mu 1962, adaloledwa ku Kuybyshev Industrial Institute (yomwe inadzatchedwanso Samara Polytechnical Institute). M’mayeso ake olowa nawo sukulu sanachite bwino kwambiri. Analephera masamu a mayesowo ndipo anayenera kulembanso mayesowo, kupeza C. Anapeza B imodzi yokha, m’chinenero cha Chirasha, ndi ma C m’mayeso ena. Analoledwa kokha chifukwa cha mpikisano wosauka kwambiri. Mu 1966, iye anamaliza maphunziro ake. Mu 1972, adamaliza maphunziro owonjezera pa dipatimenti ya Economics ya Union-wide Polytechnic Institute polemba makalata.
+
+Ntchito yoyambirira 
+Chernomyrdin anayamba kukulitsa ntchito yake monga wandale pamene ankagwira ntchito ku CPSU ku Orsk pakati pa 1967 ndi 1973. Mu 1973, adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa malo oyenga gasi ku Orenburg, udindo umene adagwira mpaka 1978. Pakati pa 1978 ndi 1982 , Chernomyrdin adagwira ntchito yolemetsa ya Komiti Yaikulu ya CPSU.
+
+Mu 1982, adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa nduna ya mafakitale agasi ku Soviet Union. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira 1983, adatsogolera Glavtyumengazprom, bungwe lazachuma lazachilengedwe ku Tyumen Oblast. Mu 1985-1989 anali Minister of Gas Industries.
+
+Woyambitsa Gazprom 
+Mu Ogasiti 1989, motsogozedwa ndi Chernomyrdin, Unduna wa Zamakampani a Gasi unasinthidwa kukhala State Gas Concern, Gazprom, yomwe idakhala bizinesi yoyamba yamakampani mdziko muno. Chernomyrdin adasankhidwa kukhala wapampando wake woyamba. Kampaniyo idali yolamulidwa ndi boma, koma tsopano ulamulirowo udagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera m'magawo, 100% omwe anali a boma. 
+
+Pamene Soviet Union inatha chakumapeto kwa 1991, chuma cha dziko lakale la Soviet mu gawo la gasi chinasamutsidwa kumakampani omwe anali atangolengedwa kumene monga Ukrgazprom ndi Turkmengazprom. Gazprom ankasunga katundu ili m'gawo la Russia, ndipo anatha kupeza yekha mu gawo gasi.
+
+Chikoka pazandale cha Gazprom chinakula kwambiri Purezidenti wa Russia Boris Yeltsin atasankha tcheyamani wa kampaniyo Chernomyrdin kukhala nduna yayikulu mu 1992. Rem Viakhirev adatenga malo a Chernomyrdin monga tcheyamani wa komiti ya oyang'anira komanso a komiti yoyang'anira. Gazprom inali imodzi mwazinthu zoyambira zachuma mdziko muno m'ma 1990, ngakhale kampaniyo idachita bwino mzaka khumizo. M'zaka za m'ma 2000, Gazprom inakhala yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kampani yaikulu ya ku Russia.
+
+Prime Minister waku Russia 
+Mu Meyi 1992, Boris Yeltsin adasankha Chernomyrdin kukhala Wachiwiri kwa nduna yayikulu yoyang'anira mafuta ndi mphamvu.  Pa Disembala 14, 1992, Chernomyrdin adatsimikiziridwa ndi VII Congress of Deputies of People of Russia ngati Prime Minister.
+
+Malinga ndi a Felipe Turover Chudínov, yemwe anali mkulu wa intelligence ku bungwe la intelligence la KGB, Chernomyrdin inalengeza mwachinsinsi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 kuti dziko la Russia lidzakhala likulu la anthu ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuphatikizapo kuitanitsa cocaine ndi heroin kuchokera ku South America ndi heroin kuchokera. Central Asia ndi Southeast Asia ndikutumiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo ku Europe, North America kuphatikiza United States.
+
+Zolemba 
+Andale aku Russia
+Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky (4 Meyi [O.S. 22 Epulo] 1881 - 11 Juni 1970) anali loya waku Russia komanso wosintha zinthu yemwe adatsogolera Boma Laling'ono la Russia ndi Republic of Russia yaifupi kwa miyezi itatu kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Novembala 1917.
+
+Pambuyo pa Revolution ya February ya 1917, adalowa m'boma longokhazikitsidwa kumene, woyamba kukhala nduna ya chilungamo, kenako nduna yankhondo, ndipo pambuyo pa Julayi ngati nduna-wapampando wa boma. Iye anali mtsogoleri wa gulu lachitukuko la Trudovik la Socialist Revolution Party. Kerensky analinso wachiwiri kwa wapampando wa Petrograd Soviet, udindo womwe unali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kerensky anakhala nduna yaikulu ya Boma la Provisional Government, ndipo ulamuliro wake unatha ndi nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri ankatsutsa nkhondoyi, Kerensky anasankha kupitirizabe kutenga nawo mbali ku Russia. Boma lake linathetsa malingaliro odana ndi nkhondo ndi kusagwirizana mu 1917, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ulamuliro wake ukhale wosasangalatsa kwambiri.
+
+Kerensky anakhalabe ndi mphamvu mpaka October Revolution. Kusintha kumeneku kunachititsa kuti a Bolshevik alowe m'malo mwa boma lake ndi Marxist, motsogoleredwa ndi Vladimir Lenin. Kerensky anathawa ku Russia ndipo anakhala moyo wake wonse ku ukapolo. Anagawa nthawi yake pakati pa Paris ndi New York City. Kerensky adagwira ntchito ku Conservative Hoover Institution ku Stanford University.
+
+Andale aku Russia
+Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov (2 Novembala [O.S. 21 Okutobala] 1861 - 7/8 Marichi 1925) anali wolemekezeka waku Russia komanso mtsogoleri wandale yemwe adatumikira monga nduna yoyamba ya Republican Russia kuyambira 15 Marichi mpaka 20 Julayi 1917. Panthawiyi. adakhala mtsogoleri wa dziko la Russia. Lvov anali wotsiriza Muscovite ndi Rurikid mutu wa dziko Russian.
+
+Panthawi ya nkhondo ya Russo-Japan, Lvov adapeza kutchuka kwadziko lonse pokonzekera ntchito yopereka chithandizo ku Russia Far East, ndipo mu 1905 adalowa m'gulu la liberal Constitutional Democratic Party.
+
+Andale aku Russia
+Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy (wa ku Russia: Александр Владимирович Руцкой; wobadwa 16 Seputembala 1947) ndi wandale waku Russia komanso wakale wankhondo waku Soviet, Major General of Aviation (1991) Anatumikira monga wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la Russia kuyambira 10 July 1991 mpaka 4 October 1993 komanso ngati bwanamkubwa wa Kursk Oblast kuyambira 1996 mpaka 2000. zovuta zamalamulo a 1993 pomwe adasewera imodzi mwamaudindo ofunikira.
+
+Moyo woyamba ndi ntchito 
+Alexander Rutskoy anabadwira ku Proskuriv, Ukraine SSR, USSR (lero Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine). Rutskoy anamaliza maphunziro awo ku High Air Force School ku Barnaul (1971) ndi Gagarin Air Force Academy ku Moscow (1980). Anafika paudindo wa msilikali wa Soviet Air Force atatumizidwa ku Afghanistan.
+
+Ku Afghanistan, Rutskoy anali mkulu wa gulu lodziyimira pawokha lankhondo la 40th Army. Panthawi ya nkhondo, ndege yake inawomberedwa kawiri, koma maulendo onse awiri anatuluka bwinobwino. Pa nthawi yachitatu, ndege yake ya Su-25 inalowa mumlengalenga wa Pakistani ku Miranshah, ndipo inawomberedwa ndi PAF F-16 Falcon yoyendetsedwa ndi Mtsogoleri wa Squadron Athar Bukhari kuchokera ku No. 14 Squadron, kukakamiza Rutskoy kuti atuluke. Rutskoy adatulutsidwa bwino, koma adagwidwa ndi anthu amderalo ndipo adasungidwa mwachidule ngati POW ku Islamabad, Pakistan. Bungwe la U.S. Central Intelligence Agency linalowererapo kuti amupulumutse kuti asasokoneze mgwirizano wa Geneva ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Soviet ku Afghanistan.Chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake komanso kuwulutsa maulendo ankhondo 428, adapatsidwa udindo wa Hero of the Soviet Union mu 1988. Anasankhidwa ndi a Boris Yeltsin kuti akhale wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wopikisana nawo pachisankho cha Purezidenti waku Russia cha 1991.
+
+Andale aku Russia
+South America ndi kontinenti yonse ku Western Hemisphere ndipo makamaka ku Southern Hemisphere, ndi gawo laling'ono ku Northern Hemisphere kumpoto kwenikweni kwa kontinenti. Itha kufotokozedwanso ngati gawo lakumwera kwa kontinenti imodzi yotchedwa America.
+
+South America ndi malire kumadzulo ndi Pacific Ocean ndipo kumpoto ndi kum'mawa ndi Atlantic Ocean; North America ndi Nyanja ya Caribbean zili kumpoto chakumadzulo. Kontinentiyi imakhala ndi mayiko khumi ndi awiri odziyimira pawokha: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, ndi Venezuela; madera awiri omwe amadalira: Zilumba za Falkland ndi South Georgia ndi South Sandwich Islands;ndi gawo limodzi lamkati: French Guiana.Kuphatikiza apo, zilumba za ABC za Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (zodalira Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island (yodalira Norway), Panama, ndi Trinidad ndi Tobago amathanso kuonedwa ngati mbali za South America.
+
+South America ili ndi dera lalikulu ma kilomita 17,840,000 (6,890,000 sq mi). Chiwerengero cha anthu pofika chaka cha 2021 chikuyembekezeka kupitilira 434 miliyoni. South America ili pamalo achinayi m’dera (pambuyo pa Asia, Africa, ndi North America) ndipo yachisanu mwa anthu (pambuyo pa Asia, Africa, Europe, ndi North America). Dziko la Brazil ndilomwe lili ndi anthu ambiri ku South America, lomwe lili ndi anthu opitilira theka la anthu a ku Africa, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela ndi Peru. M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, dziko la Brazil lapanganso theka la GDP ya kontinenti ndipo lakhala dziko loyamba kulamulira m'chigawochi.
+
+Anthu ambiri amakhala pafupi ndi magombe akumadzulo kapena kummawa kwa kontinentiyi pomwe mkatikati ndi kumwera kwenikweni kuli anthu ochepa. Malo akumadzulo kwa South America akulamulidwa ndi mapiri a Andes; mosiyana, gawo lakum'mawa lili ndi zigawo zonse zamapiri ndi zigwa zazikulu zomwe mitsinje monga Amazon, Orinoco ndi Paraná imayenda. Kontinenti yambiri ili kumadera otentha, kupatulapo gawo lalikulu la Southern Cone lomwe lili pakatikati.
+
+Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha kontinentiyi chinayambira ndi kuyanjana kwa anthu amtundu ndi ogonjetsa a ku Ulaya ndi othawa kwawo komanso, m'madera ambiri, ndi akapolo a ku Africa. Poganizira mbiri yakale yautsamunda, anthu ambiri aku South America amalankhula Chisipanishi kapena Chipwitikizi, ndipo madera ndi mayiko ali ndi miyambo yaku Western. Poyerekeza ndi Ulaya, Asia ndi Afirika, South America ya m’zaka za zana la 20 yakhala kontinenti yamtendere yokhala ndi nkhondo zochepa.
+
+Makhalidwe ake 
+Nkhani yayikulu: Makhalidwe a South America
+
+South America ili kumwera chakumwera kwa America. Kontinentiyo nthawi zambiri imagawidwa kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi mtsinje wa Darién m'malire a Colombia-Panama, ngakhale ena angaganize kuti malirewo ndi Panama Canal. Mwachilengedwe komanso motengera malo, dziko lonse la Panama - kuphatikiza gawo lakum'mawa kwa Panama Canal pachisumbucho - limaphatikizidwa ku North America kokha komanso pakati pa mayiko a Central America. Pafupifupi dziko lonse la South America lili pa South America Plate.
+
+South America ndi kwawo kwa mathithi apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi osasokonezedwa, Angel Falls ku Venezuela; mathithi apamwamba kwambiri a Kaieteur Falls ku Guyana; mtsinje waukulu kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwake, Mtsinje wa Amazon; mapiri aatali kwambiri, Andes (amene phiri lake lalitali kwambiri ndi Aconcagua pa 6,962 m kapena 22,841 ft); malo ouma kwambiri omwe si a polar padziko lapansi, Chipululu cha Atacama: malo amvula kwambiri padziko lapansi, López de Micay ku Colombia; nkhalango yamvula yaikulu kwambiri, nkhalango ya Amazon; likulu lapamwamba kwambiri, La Paz, Bolivia; nyanja ya Titicaca yomwe ndi yokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakuyenda panyanja; komanso, kupatula malo ochitira kafukufuku ku Antarctica, dera lakumwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komwe kuli anthu, Puerto Toro, Chile.
+
+Ku South America kuli mchere wambiri wa golide, siliva, mkuwa, chitsulo, tini, ndi petroleum. Zinthu zimenezi zopezeka ku South America zabweretsa ndalama zambiri ku maiko ake makamaka m’nthaŵi za nkhondo kapena kukula kwachuma kofulumira kwa maiko otukuka kwina kulikonse. Komabe, kuchulukirachulukira pakupangira chinthu chimodzi chachikulu chotumiza kunja nthawi zambiri kwalepheretsa chitukuko cha mayiko osiyanasiyana azachuma. Kusinthasintha kwamitengo ya zinthu m'misika yapadziko lonse lapansi kwadzetsa kukwera ndi kutsika kwakukulu kwachuma chamayiko aku South America, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusakhazikika kwandale. Izi zikubweretsa kuyesayesa kosiyanasiyana kupanga kuti tisiye kukhala ngati chuma chodzipereka ku chinthu chimodzi chachikulu chotumiza kunja.
+
+Dziko la Brazil ndilo dziko lalikulu kwambiri ku South America, ndipo limatenga gawo locheperapo theka la malo a dziko lonselo ndipo limaphatikizapo pafupifupi theka la anthu a m’kontinentiyo.
+Amelika
+Nicaragua (/ ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə, -ˈræɡ-, -ɡjuə/ (mverani); Spanish: [nikaˈɾaɣwa] (mverani)), mwalamulo Republic of Nicaragua (Spanish: República de Nicaragua, ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri mdzikolo. Central America isthmus, malire ndi Honduras kumpoto chakumadzulo, Caribbean kummawa, Costa Rica kumwera, ndi Pacific Ocean kumwera chakumadzulo. Managua ndiye likulu la dzikolo komanso mzinda waukulu kwambiri. Pofika chaka cha 2015, udakhala mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku Central America. Chiwerengero cha anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana cha 6 miliyoni akuphatikizapo anthu a mestizo, amwenye, a ku Ulaya ndi ku Africa. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chisipanishi. Mafuko a ku Mosquito Coast amalankhula zinenero zawo komanso Chingerezi.
+
+Derali lokhalidwa ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kalekale, derali lidagonjetsedwa ndi Ufumu wa Spain m'zaka za zana la 16. Dziko la Nicaragua linalandira ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku dziko la Spain mu 1821. Nyanja ya Mosquito Coast inatsatira njira ina ya mbiri yakale, ndipo inkalamulidwa ndi Angelezi m’zaka za m’ma 1700 ndipo kenako inakhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Britain. Inakhala gawo lodziyimira pawokha la Nicaragua mu 1860 ndipo gawo lake lakumpoto linasamutsidwa ku Honduras mu 1960. Chiyambireni ufulu wake, Nicaragua yakhala ikukumana ndi zipolowe zandale, zankhanza, ntchito ndi mavuto azachuma, kuphatikizapo Revolution ya Nicaragua ya 1960s ndi 1970s ndi 1970s ndi 1970s. Contra War of the 1980s.
+Alaska (/ əˈlæskə/ (mverani) ə-LAS-kə; Russian: Аляска, romanized: Alyaska; Aleut: Alax̂sxax̂; Inupiaq: Alaaskaq; Alutiiq: Alas'kaaq; Yup'ik: Alaskaq;  Tlingit) ndi An boma lomwe lili ku Western United States kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa North America. A semi-exclave of U.S., amadutsa chigawo cha Canada cha British Columbia ndi gawo la Yukon kummawa; imagawananso malire am'nyanja ndi Chukotka Autonomous Okrug ya Russian Federation kumadzulo, kudutsa Bering Strait. Kumpoto kuli nyanja za Chukchi ndi Beaufort za Arctic Ocean, pomwe Pacific Ocean ili kumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo.
+
+Alaska ndiye dera lalikulu kwambiri ku US ndi dera, lomwe lili ndi madera ambiri kuposa mayiko atatu akuluakulu (Texas, California, ndi Montana) ataphatikizidwa. Ikuyimira gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndilo dziko lachitatu lokhala ndi anthu ochepa komanso lokhala ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri, koma malo omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri mdziko muno omwe ali kumpoto kwa 60th parallel, okhala ndi anthu 736,081 pofika 2020 - kupitilira kanayi kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Northern Canada ndi Greenland. .Pafupifupi theka la anthu okhala ku Alaska amakhala mumzinda wa Anchorage. Likulu la boma la Juneau ndi mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri ku United States ndi dera, lomwe lili ndi magawo ambiri kuposa mayiko a Rhode Island ndi Delaware. Likulu lakale la Alaska, Sitka, ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku U.S.
+
+Zomwe tsopano ndi Alaska zakhala kwa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa zaka zikwi; Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti derali linali polowera ku North America polowera ku Bering Land Bridge. Ufumu wa Russia unali woyamba kulamulira derali kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo pamapeto pake unakhazikitsa Russian America, yomwe idatenga mayiko ambiri masiku ano. Zowonongeka komanso zovuta zosungira zinthu zakutalizi zidapangitsa kugulitsa kwake ku US mu 1867 kwa US $ 7.2 miliyoni (zofanana ndi $ 140 miliyoni mu 2021), kapena pafupifupi masenti awiri pa ekala ($ 4.74 / km2).
+
+Zolemba 
+United States
+Greenland (Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, kutchulidwa [kalaːɬit nʉnaːt]; Danish: Grønland, kutchulidwa [ˈkʁɶnˌlænˀ]) ndi dziko la zilumba lomwe lili gawo la Ufumu wa Denmark.Ili pakati pa nyanja za Arctic ndi Atlantic, kum'mawa kwa Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ndiye chilumba chachikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.  Ndi limodzi mwa mayiko atatu omwe amapanga Ufumu wa Denmark, pamodzi ndi Denmark ndi zilumba za Faroe; nzika za mayikowa onse ndi nzika za Denmark ndi European Union. Greenland imagawidwa m'matauni asanu: Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik ndi Avannaata. Kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi kuli malo otetezedwa a Northeast Greenland National Park. Thule Air Base nayonso sinaphatikizidwe, ili mkati mwa tauni ya Avannaata yoyendetsedwa ndi United States Space Force. Likulu la Greenland ndi Nuuk.
+
+Ngakhale kuti ndi gawo la kontinenti ya North America, Greenland yakhala ikugwirizana ndi ndale ndi chikhalidwe ndi Ulaya (makamaka Norway ndi Denmark, maulamuliro atsamunda) kwa zaka zoposa chikwi, kuyambira mu 986.Ambiri mwa okhalamo ake ndi Inuit, amene makolo awo anasamuka kuchokera ku Alaska kudutsa Kumpoto kwa Canada, pang’onopang’ono kukhazikika pachisumbucho pofika zaka za zana la 13.
+
+Masiku ano, anthu ambiri amakhala kugombe lakum’mwera chakumadzulo, pamene ena onse pachilumbachi ali ndi anthu ochepa. Magawo atatu mwa anayi a Greenland ali ndi ayezi wokhazikika kunja kwa Antarctica. Ndi anthu 56,081 (2020), ndi dera lomwe lili ndi anthu ochepa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu atatu alionse amakhala ku Nuuk, likulu ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri; mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi Sisimiut, 320 km (200 mi) kumpoto kwa Nuuk. Boti la Arctic Umiaq Line limagwira ntchito ngati njira yopulumutsira kumadzulo kwa Greenland, kulumikiza mizinda yosiyanasiyana ndi midzi.
+Amelika
+Malawian Defence Force ndi gulu lankhondo la boma lomwe lili ndi udindo woteteza dziko la Malawi. Zinachokera kumagulu a British King's African Rifles, magulu atsamunda omwe adakhazikitsidwa ufulu usanayambe mu 1964.
+
+Asilikali amapangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo.
+
+Malawi Army 
+Dziko la Malawi lisanalandire ufulu wodzilamulira linkadalira zida zake zankhondo ku Rhodesia, chifukwa gulu lankhondo la atsamunda la Britain nthawi zambiri linkakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko onse, m'malo motengera madera awo. Gulu la Malawi Rifles linakhazikitsidwa pamene dzikolo lidalandira ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku dziko la United Kingdom m’chaka cha 1964. Gulu lake loyamba lankhondo linapangidwa kuchokera ku gulu loyamba lankhondo la King’s African Rifles. Atalandira ufulu wodzilamulira gulu lankhondolo linakhala 1st Battalion, The Malawi Rifles (King's African Rifles). Iwo anali ku likulu la asilikali a Malawi ku Cobbe Barracks, Zomba. Cobbe Barracks adatchulidwa mu May 1958 kwa General General Alexander Cobbe VC, yemwe adatumikira ndi King's African Rifles. A Rifles akuti anali ndi mphamvu za amuna 2,000 panthawi yodzilamulira. Pa 6 July 1966 Malawi idakhala dziko la Republic ndipo Kamuzu Banda adakhala mtsogoleri woyamba. Pambuyo pamwambo wolumbirira ntchito yake yoyamba inali yopereka gulu lankhondo lokhala ndi mtundu wake wa pulezidenti komanso mtundu watsopano wa regimental. Zinali motsogozedwa ndi Brigadier Paul Lewis, waku Britain wochokera kunja;  Wales Colonel Dudley Thornton adalamulira 1965-67. Mu 1966 zikuwoneka kuti mwina 60% ya maofesala mu batalioni anali maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe.
+
+Pambuyo pa Vuto la Cabinet la 1964, Asilikali a Malawi adawononga zigawenga za a Henry Chipembere m'boma la Mangochi ndi m'boma la Machinga mu 1965. Wina mwa nduna zomwe zidachotsedwa pa nthawi yamavuto a Cabinet ndi Yatuta Chisiza. Chisiza adathawira ku Tanzania, ndipo adakhazikitsa Socialist League of Malawi, chipani chotsutsa kwambiri cha Malawi. Anayambanso kuchita zigawenga zolimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Banda. Mu 1967 Chisiza ndi ena asanu ndi anayi adalowa m'boma la Mwanza kuchokera ku Tanzania. Pamkangano wotsatira ndi Army and Young Pioneers pa 9 October 1967 iye ndi mamembala ena awiri a zigawenga anaphedwa; asanu anagwidwa; ndipo enawo anathawa.
+Chitetezo cha Malawi
+Malamulo a Malawi amayendetsedwa ndi Constitution of Malawi, monga yasinthidwa; Lamulo la Citizenship Act ndi kukonzanso kwake; ndi mapangano osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi omwe dzikolo lidasainako. Malamulowa amatsimikizira yemwe ali, kapena woyenerera kukhala, nzika ya dziko la Malawi. Njira zovomerezeka zopezera dziko, umembala wovomerezeka wadziko, zimasiyana ndi maufulu a m'banja komanso udindo pakati pa dziko ndi dziko, zodziwika kuti [[nzika]. Nationality imafotokoza za ubale wa munthu ndi boma malinga ndi malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi, pomwe unzika uli ubale wapakhomo pakati pa munthu ndi dziko. Udziko wa Malawi umapezeka motsatira mfundo za jus soli, kutanthauza kuti kubadwa ku Malawi, kapena jus sanguinis, kubadwa kwa abambo omwe ali ndi dziko la Malawi. Itha kuperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mgwirizano ndi dzikolo, kapena kwa munthu wokhala m'dzikolo kwanthawi yayitali kudzera mwachilengedwe.
+
+Kupeza fuko 
+Ufulu ukhoza kupezedwa m’Malawi pobadwa kapena m’moyo mwanu kudzera muufulu kapena kulembetsa.
+
+Pobadwa 
+Amene amapeza utundu pa kubadwa akuphatikizapo, ana obadwa kulikonse kwa kholo la dziko la Malawi, pokhapokha tate ndi nzika ya dziko limene dziko la Malawi lili pankhondo kapena kuti mwana anabadwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya adani. Ana obadwa kunja kwa kholo lomwe linabadwira ku Malawi amaonedwa kuti ndi a Malawi, koma sangapatsire dziko lawo kwa ana awo obadwa. kunja.
+
+Mwa chilengedwe 
+Kuvomerezeka kungaperekedwe kwa anthu akunja omwe akhala m'derali kwa nthawi yokwanira kuti atsimikizire kuti amvetsetsa Chingelezi kapena chimodzi mwa zinenero zomwe zikulankhulidwa panopa m'dzikoli komanso miyambo ndi miyambo ya anthu. Malamulo onse ndi oti ofunsira akhale ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe abwino, athe kudzisamalira okha, ndipo angasonyeze kuti adzakhala nzika zoyenerera. Olembera ayenera kukhala atakhala m'dziko muno kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Palibe zonena m'malamulo adziko kuti anthu otengedwa kukhala nzika za Malawi, ndiponso ana kapena akazi a anthu amene akufuna kukhala nzika ya dziko lawo sapatsidwa mwayi wopatsidwa udindo wongotengera kuvomereza kwa bambo kapena mwamuna kapena mkazi wawo. Zosankha za Nduna yoona za dziko sizingachitike. adatsutsidwa kukhothi.
+
+Kulembetsa 
+Anthu omwe ali ndi ubale wapamtima, kutanthauza kuti anabadwira m'dziko, ali ndi makolo omwe anabadwira m'dzikolo, kapena ali ndi zaka 20 kapena kuposerapo m'derali, ali oyenera kulembetsa. Kulembetsa sikungochitika zokha, koma malinga ndi momwe aboma angafunire. Anthu omwe angalembetse ngati nzika ndi awa:
+
+ Anthu amene stateless anabadwira ku Malawi, atakhala zaka zitatu;
+ Anthu omwe anabadwira ku Malawi kapena Mozambique omwe makolo onse anabadwira ku Malawi kapena Mozambique;
+ Mkazi wa mwamuna waku Malawi atakhala m’dziko la Malawi kwa zaka zisanu malinga ngati akwaniritsa zofunikira pakukhala nzika ya dziko ndipo wavomera kulumbira kuti adzakhala m’Malawi; or
+ Nzika za Commonwealth zomwe zimakhala m'Malawi muno zitha kulembetsa zaka zisanu zokhala m'dzikolo.
+
+Kutaya mtundu 
+Mzika za dziko la Malawi zikhonza kusiya dziko lawo ngati litavomerezedwa kutero ndi boma pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti kukana koteroko sikuchitika pa nthawi ya nkhondo kapena kungamusiye munthu wopanda malire. Mzika za dziko la Malawi zikhoza kudenaturalised chifukwa chochita zinthu zosemphana ndi zofuna za boma; kuchita zolakwa zazikulu, zosakhulupirika, kapena zolakwa motsutsana ndi boma kapena chitetezo cha boma; chifukwa chogwirizana ndi mdani pankhondo; wokhala kunja kwa nthawi yopitilira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pokhapokha ngati ali muutumiki wa boma kapena bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lolembetsedwa ndi kazembe; kapena chinyengo, kunamizira zabodza, kapena kubisa m'madandaulo aumwini.
+
+Dziko ziwiri 
+Dual nationality ndiwololedwa ku Malawi kuyambira pomwe lamulo la Citizenship Act lidasinthidwa mchaka cha 2019.
+
+Mbiri
+
+Maufumu aku Africa ndi kulumikizana kwa Europe (1616-1889) 
+Apwitikizi anayamba kuloŵa Zambesia m’mphepete mwa mtsinje Zambezi.
+Ada Hu ndi wochita bizinesi komanso woyambitsa nawo NU Media.
+
+maphunziro
+adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Parsons School of Design ndipo adalowa nawo Forest Ridge School of the Sacred Heart kuti akapitirize maphunziro ake.
+
+Ntchito
+Ada Hu ndi wochita bizinesi wachikazi, wogulitsa angelo, komanso wolimbikitsa anthu. Atapita kusukulu ya atsikana onse komanso kuyunivesite yayikulu yaakazi, Ada amakhulupiriradi mphamvu ya bizinesi ya akazi. Pakadali pano ndi CEO & Managing Partner wa NU Media ndi NXT Factor
+
+Zolemba
+Vanessa Kahlon ndi wolemba komanso woyambitsa Kahlon Family Services School, bungwe lopanda phindu.
+
+Ntchito
+Atakhala Katswiri wamakhalidwe apanyumba komanso woyang'anira madongosolo osiyanasiyana a California Behavioral kwa zaka zambiri, adabwera ndi lingaliro la Yoga Education for Autism Spectrum ndipo adakhala nthawi yake yaulere kupanga pulogalamu yake patatha zaka zambiri akuphunzira Clinical Psychology ndikugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. anthu ozungulira zoopsa, zovuta zokhudzana ndi ubale komanso zochitika zabanja. YEAS YOGA ndi yosangalatsa komanso yaumwini Yoga Curriculum ya ana yomwe imapindula Kudziletsa.
+
+Mabuku
+ Mmene Mungalerere Makolo Molimba Mtima.
+ KHALANI KHALANI NDI KHOLO: MMUNGALERERA MWANA WAKO OSATI KUPULA.
+
+Zolemba
+Anthu amoyo
+1979 kubadwa
+Basit Ahmed Bhat (wobadwa pa 17 February 1998) ndi katswiri waku India yemwe amasewera ngati osewera wapakati wa Real Kashmir FC mu I-League.
+
+Zolemba 
+Anthu amoyo
+Sejal Joshi wobadwa (29 Disembala 1998) ndi wazamalonda komanso CTO wamagulu amakampani omwe ali ndi dzuwa.
+
+Ntchito
+Mtsikana wabizinesi wachinyamata yemwe adasandutsa chidwi chake kukhala bizinesi yopindulitsa pomwe akuyesetsa kubweretsa kusintha kwabwino kudzera munjira yake yachifundo. Sejal Joshi ndi Social Entrepreneur yoyendetsedwa kuti athandizire akatswiri aluso pogwiritsa ntchito bizinesi yake. Ndiwoyambitsa Sunshy Jewels & Sunshy Digital Media Agency. Amadziwika kuti amathandizira ma brand ndi mabizinesi kuti apange chikoka chawo ndikupeza phindu lokhala ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kuti akwaniritse tsogolo lokhazikika la bizinesi yawo. Zikafika pakupanga kutsogolera, kutsatsa & kutsatsa kwa Influencer palibe amene amachita bwino kuposa iye.
+
+Zolemba 
+Anthu amoyo
+Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1898- 25 Novembala 1997) anali nduna yaikulu ndipo kenako pulezidenti wa dziko la Malawi kuyambira 1964 mpaka 1994 British protectorate of Nyasaland). Mu 1966, dzikolo lidakhala republic ndipo adakhala purezidenti.
+
+Ulamuliro wake umadziwika kuti ndi "ulamuliro wopondereza kwambiri." Ataphunzira zambiri zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu, zilankhulo, mbiri yakale, ndi udokotala kunja kwa nyanja, Banda adabwerera ku Nyasaland kuti akalankhule zotsutsa utsamunda komanso kulimbikitsa ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku United Kingdom. Anasankhidwa kukhala nduna yaikulu ya Nyasaland, ndipo anatsogolera dzikolo ku ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1964.
+
+Patatha zaka ziwiri, adalengeza kuti dziko la Malawi ndi republic pomwe iye ndi Purezidenti. Adaphatikiza mphamvu kenako adalengeza kuti dziko la Malawi ndi chipani chimodzi pansi pa chipani cha Malawi Congress Party (MCP). Mu 1970, MCP idamupanga kukhala Purezidenti Wamoyo Wachipanichi. Mu 1971 adakhala Purezidenti wa Life of Malawi. Mtsogoleri wotchuka wotsutsa chikominisi ku Africa, adalandira thandizo kuchokera ku Western Bloc pa Cold War. Nthawi zambiri ankathandizira ufulu wa amayi, kupititsa patsogolo zomangamanga za dziko komanso kusunga maphunziro abwino poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena a ku Africa. Komabe, adatsogolera limodzi mwamaulamuliro opondereza kwambiri mu Africa, nthawi yomwe adani ake adazunzidwa ndikuphedwa nthawi zonse.  Magulu omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe amalingalira kuti anthu osachepera 6,000 anaphedwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kutsekeredwa m'ndende popanda kuzengedwa mlandu.  Anthu pafupifupi 18,000 anaphedwa mu ulamuliro wake, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kumodzi. Adadzudzulidwa chifukwa chosunga ubale wawo ndi boma la tsankho ku South Africa.
+
+Pofika m'chaka cha 1993, pakati pa zovuta zapakhomo ndi zapadziko lonse, adavomera kupanga referendum yomwe inathetsa dongosolo la chipani chimodzi. Posakhalitsa, msonkhano wapadera unathetsa utsogoleri wake wa moyo wonse ndipo unamulanda mphamvu zake zambiri. A Banda adapikisana nawo paudindo wa pulezidenti pazisankho za demokalase zomwe zidatsata ndipo adagonja. Anamwalira ku South Africa pa 25 November 1997.
+
+Mbiri ya moyo wake 
+Kamuzu Banda anabadwa Akim Kamnkhwala Mtunthama Banda pafupi ndi Kasungu ku Malawi (panthawiyo British Central Africa) kwa Mphonongo Banda ndi Akupingamnyama Phiri. Tsiku lake lobadwa silikudziwika, chifukwa zinachitika pamene kunalibe zolemba zolembera koma Banda mwiniwake nthawi zambiri ankapereka tsiku lake lobadwa monga 14 May 1906. Pambuyo pake, ataperekedwa ndi umboni wa miyambo ina ya fuko ndi mnzake, Dr Donal Brody, A Banda anati: “Palibe amene akudziwa ola, tsiku, mwezi kapena chaka chimene ndinabadwa, ngakhale panopa ndikuvomereza umboni umene mumandipatsa – March kapena April 1898.”
+
+Adachoka kusukulu kwawo kufupi ndi Mtunthama kupita kwawo kwa agogo ake amake ndipo adakaphunzira ku Chayamba Primary School ku Chikondwa. Mu 1908, anasamukira ku Chilanga mission station ndipo anabatizidwa mu 1910.
+
+Dzina lakuti Kamnkhwala, kutanthauza "mankhwala ang'onoang'ono", adalowetsedwa ndi Kamuzu, kutanthauza "muzu waung'ono". Dzina lakuti Kamuzu anapatsidwa chifukwa chakuti iye anatenga pakati mayi ake atapatsidwa zitsamba za mizu ndi sing'anga kuti achiritse kusabereka. Adatenga dzina lachikhristu la Hastings atabatizidwa mu Church of Scotland ndi Dr George Prentice, waku Scotland, mu 1910, adadzitcha dzina la John Hastings, mmishonale waku Scotland yemwe amagwira ntchito pafupi ndi mudzi wake yemwe amasilira. Mawu akuti "dokotala" anapezedwa ndi maphunziro ake.
+
+Cha m’ma 1915–1916, Banda anachoka kunyumba wapansi ndi Hanock Msokera Phiri, amalume amene anali mphunzitsi pasukulu yaumishonale ya Livingstonia, ku Hartley, Southern Rhodesia (tsopano Chegutu, Zimbabwe). Zikuoneka kuti ankafuna kulembetsa ku Scottish Presbyterian Lovedale Missionary Institute yotchuka ku South Africa koma anamaliza maphunziro ake a Standard 8 popanda kuphunzira kumeneko. Mu 1917, ananyamuka wapansi kupita ku Johannesburg ku South Africa. Anagwira ntchito ku Witwatersrand Deep Mine ku Transvaal Reef kwa zaka zingapo. Pa nthawiyi, anakumana ndi Bishopu William Tecumseh Vernon wa tchalitchi cha African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) amene anadzipereka kuti azimulipirira maphunziro pasukulu ya Methodist ku United States ngati akanatha kudzilipira yekha ndimeyi. Mu 1925, anapita ku New York.
+
+Moyo Wakunja (1925-1958) 
+Chigawochi sichitchula malo aliwonse. Chonde thandizani kukonza gawoli powonjezera mawu opezeka ku malo odalirika. Zinthu zopanda ntchito zitha kutsutsidwa ndikuchotsedwa. (March 2011) (Phunzirani momwe ndi nthawi yochotsera uthenga wa template iyi)
+
+United States 
+Banda adaphunzira kusukulu ya sekondale ya Wilberforce Institute, koleji ya African American AME (membala wa AME), yomwe tsopano imadziwika kuti Central State University, ku Wilberforce, Ohio, ndipo adamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1928  ndi diploma. Thandizo lake lazachuma litatha, Banda adapeza ndalama zokambilana zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi mphunzitsi wa ku Ghana Kweyir Aggrey yemwe adakumana naye ku South Africa.
+
+Polankhula pamsonkhano wa kilabu ya Kiwanis adakumana ndi Dr Herald, yemwe mothandizidwa adalembetsa ngati wophunzira wachipatala ku Indiana University, komwe adakhalako **** ndi Akazi W. N. Culmer. Ku Bloomington, analemba nkhani zingapo zokhudza fuko lakwawo la Chewa kwa katswiri wamaphunziro a zachikhalidwe cha anthu Stith Thompson, yemwe anamudziwitsa kwa Edward Sapir, katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pa yunivesite ya Chicago, kumene, pambuyo pa semesita zinayi, adasamutsirako. M’nthaŵi imene anali kumeneko, anagwirizana ndi katswiri wina wa chinenero cha Afro-America Mark Hanna Watkins, akumapereka chidziŵitso cha chinenero chake cha Chichewa. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti buku la galamala litulutsidwe m'chinenerocho. Ku Chicago, adagona ndi munthu waku Africa-America, Corinna Saunders. Adachita bwino kwambiri m'mbiri, adamaliza maphunziro a B.Phil. digiri mu 1931.
+
+Pa nthawiyi ankasangalala ndi thandizo la ndalama kuchokera kwa Akazi a Smith, omwe mwamuna wake, Douglas Smith, adapeza chuma chochuluka kuchokera ku mankhwala a patent ndi Pepsodent toothpaste komanso monga membala wa bungwe la Eastman Kodak. Iye ndiye, akadali ndi chithandizo chandalama kuchokera kwa awa ndi ena opindula (kuphatikizapo Walter B. Stephenson wa Delta Electric Company), anaphunzira zachipatala pa Meharry Medical College ku Tennessee, kumene adalandira digiri ya M.D. mu 1937. Banda anakhala mtsogoleri Wachiwiri wachimalawi kulandira digiri ya udokotala, kutsatira Daniel Sharpe Malekebu.
+
+United Kingdom 
+Kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala m'madera a Ufumu wa Britain, komabe, Banda amayenera kupeza digiri yachiwiri yachipatala; adapita ku yunivesite ya Edinburgh  ndipo pambuyo pake adapatsidwa dipuloma yolumikizana katatu yaku Scottish (yokhala ndi mayina a LRCP(Edin), LRCS(Edin) ndi LRCPSG) mu 1941. Maphunziro ake adathandizidwa ndi ndalama zokwana £300 pachaka kuchokera boma la Nyasaland (kuti atsogolere kubwerera kwake kumeneko ngati dotolo) komanso kuchokera ku Church of Scotland; palibe aliyense wa opindula amenewa amene ankadziwa za mnzake. (Pali nkhani zotsutsana za izi. Ayenera kuti adathandizidwabe ndi Mayi Smith.) Pamene adalembetsa maphunziro a matenda a m'madera otentha ku Liverpool, boma la Nyasaland linathetsa malipiro ake. Anakakamizika kuchoka ku Liverpool pamene anakana pazifukwa za chikumbumtima kuti alembetsedwe kukhala dokotala wankhondo. Anakhalanso mkulu wa parishi ya Church of Scotland.
+
+Pakati pa 1941 ndi 1945, adagwira ntchito ngati dokotala ku North Shields, pafupi ndi Newcastle upon Tyne. Anali wobwereka kwa Mayi Amy Walton panthawiyi ku Alma Place ku North Shields ndipo amamutumizira khadi la Khrisimasi chaka chilichonse mpaka imfa yake chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960. Mu 1944, anakumana ndi Merene French, mpongozi wa mmodzi wa odwala ake, ndipo anayamba naye ubwenzi.
+
+Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, adakhazikitsa mchitidwe ku London kozungulira Kilburn ndipo adayamba ndale polowa nawo bungwe la Labor Party ndi Fabian Colonial Bureau, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1940. 
+
+Banda anasamukira ku London mu 1945, kukagula chizolowezi ku North London ku Harlesden. Poyamba, anakhala kunyumba ya Mayi French, ndipo Bambo French anagwirizana nawo mu October 1945. Pambuyo pake, anagula nyumba yake ku Brondesbury Park. Akazi a French anasamuka monga wowasamalira m'nyumba, pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake. fkutchulidwa] Malinga ndi nkhani zina, anagona mu hotelo, The Conway Court, ku Paddington yoyendetsedwa ndi Mayi Janet Evans. Akuti adazemba kubwerera ku Nyasaland kuopa kuti ndalama zomwe adapezazi zitha kudyetsedwa ndi achibale ake kwawo.
+
+M’chaka cha 1945, molamulidwa ndi mfumu Mwase wa ku Kasungu, yemwe adakumana naye ku England m’chaka cha 1939, komanso amalawi ena okonda ndale, adaimira chipani cha Nyasaland African Congress ku Fifth Pan-African Congress ku Manchester. Kuyambira nthawiyi, adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi dziko lakwawo, ndikulangiza a Congress ndikuwathandizira ndalama. Mothandizidwa ndi a Britons achifundo, adalimbikitsanso ku London m'malo mwa Congress.
+
+Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland ndikusamukira ku Ghana 
+A Banda adatsutsa kwambiri zoyesayesa za Sir Roy Welensky, yemwe ndi wandale ku Northern Rhodesia, kuti akhazikitse mgwirizano pakati pa Southern Rhodesia ndi Northern Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland, zomwe akuwopa kuti zingapangitse kuti akuda a Nyasaland apitirize kulandidwa ufulu. Bungwe la (monga momwe amatchulira) "opusa" adakhazikitsidwa mu 1953.
+
+Mphekesera zinamveka mosangalala kuti abwerera ku Nyasaland mu 1951, koma adasamukira ku Gold Coast ku West Africa. Anapita kumeneko mwina chifukwa cha chipongwe chokhudza wolandira alendo ku Harlesden, Merene French (Mrs French); ngakhale pali malipoti oti anatenga pakati pa mwana wake, izi sizinatsimikizidwe. Banda adatchulidwa kuti adayankhapo nawo pa chisudzulo cha Mr French ndipo akumuimba mlandu wochita chigololo ndi Mayi French. Anatsatira Banda ku West Africa, koma iye sankafunanso kuchita naye chilichonse.  (Anamwalira mu 1976.)
+
+Kuitanidwa kuti abwerere kunyumba 
+Several influential Congress leaders, including Henry Chipembere, Kanyama Chiume, Dunduzu Chisiza and T.D.T. Banda (no relation) adamuchonderera kuti abwerere ku Nyasaland kuti akatsogolere ntchito yawo. Nthumwi zomwe zidatumizidwa ku London zidakumana ndi Banda ku Port of Liverpool komwe amakonzekera zobwerera ku Ghana.
+
+Kubwererani ku Nyasaland 
+Posakhalitsa anayamba kuyendayenda m'dzikolo, kuyankhula zonyoza Central African Federation (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Federation of Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland), ndikulimbikitsa nzika zake kukhala mamembala a chipanichi. Zikuoneka kuti anali wotopa kwambiri m’Chichewa chawo moti ankafunika womasulira, ntchito imene John Msonthi ankaigwira kenako ndi John Tembo, yemwe anakhala naye pafupi kwa nthawi yonse ya ntchito yake). Iye ankalandiridwa mwansangala kulikonse kumene ankalankhula, ndipo kukana ulamuliro wa ufumu wa Amalawi kunakula kwambiri. Pofika mwezi wa February 1959, zinthu zinali zitafika poipa kwambiri moti asilikali a Rhodesian anatumizidwa kuti athandize kusunga bata, ndipo kunalengezedwa kuti pachitika ngozi. Pa 3 March, Banda, pamodzi ndi mazana a anthu a ku Africa, adamangidwa panthawi ya "Operation Sunrise". Anatsekeredwa m’ndende ku Gwelo (komwe tsopano ndi Gweru) ku Southern Rhodesia (tsopano Zimbabwe), ndipo utsogoleri wa Malawi Congress Party (Nyasaland African Congress pansi pa dzina latsopano) unatengedwa kwa kanthawi ndi Orton Chirwa, yemwe anatuluka m’ndende ku. Ogasiti 1959.
+
+Kumasulidwa kundende ndi njira yopita ku ufulu wodzilamulira
+
+Zomwe zikuchitika ku Britain, panthawiyi, zidakhala zikuyenda kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa ndi madera ake. Banda adatuluka kundende mu Epulo 1960 ndipo adaitanidwa ku London kukakambirana zobweretsa ufulu wodzilamulira. Chisankho chinachitika mu Ogasiti 1961. Pamene a Banda adasankhidwa kukhala nduna ya za nthaka, zachilengedwe ndi maboma ang'onoang'ono, adakhala nduna yaikulu ya Nyasaland - udindo womwe adapatsidwa pa 1 February 1963. Iye ndi anzake a MCP mwamsanga. anakulitsa maphunziro a sekondale, anakonzanso makhoti otchedwa Native Courts, anathetsa mitengo ina yaulimi yautsamunda ndi kukonza zina. Mu December 1962, R. A. Butler, Mlembi wa Boma la Britain wa African Affairs, anavomera kuthetsa Federation.
+
+Ndi Banda yemwe adasankha dzina loti "Malawi" kutchula Nyasaland wakale; anali ataona pa mapu akale a Chifalansa ngati dzina la "Nyanja ya Maravi" m'dziko la Bororo, ndipo anakonda kumveka ndi maonekedwe a mawu akuti "Malawi". Pa 6 July 1964, patadutsa zaka 6 ndendende Banda atabwerera m’dziko muno, Nyasaland inalandira ufulu wodzilamulira ndipo inadzitcha kuti Malawi.
+
+Mtsogoleri wa Malawi
+
+1964 vuto la cabinet 
+Patangotha ​​mwezi umodzi dziko la Malawi litalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, lidakumana ndi vuto la Cabinet Crisis mu 1964. A Banda anali atadzudzulidwa kale chifukwa chongofuna kudzilamulira okha. Nduna zingapo za a Banda zidamupatsa maganizo ofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu zake. Adayankha choncho a Banda pochotsa nduna zinayi. Atumiki ena anasiya ntchito chifukwa cha chifundo. Otsutsawo anathawa m’dzikolo.
+
+Malamulo atsopano ndi kuphatikiza mphamvu 
+Dziko la Malawi lidalandira malamulo atsopano pa 6 July 1966, pomwe dzikolo lidatchedwa republic. Banda adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri woyamba wa dziko lino kwa zaka zisanu; anali yekha phungu. Chikalata chatsopanochi chinapatsa a Banda mphamvu zambiri za utsogoleri ndi malamulo, komanso kuti MCP ikhale chipani chokhacho chazamalamulo. Komabe, dzikolo linali kale lachipani chimodzi kuyambira pomwe lidalandira ufulu wodzilamulira. Malamulo atsopanowa adasandutsa utsogoleri wa a Banda kukhala ulamuliro wankhanza.
+
+Mu 1970, chipani cha MCP chinalengeza kuti a Banda ndi mtsogoleri wadziko lonse. Mu 1971, nyumba yamalamulo idalengeza kuti Banda ndi Purezidenti wa Moyo wa Malawi. Mutu wake unali wakuti " His Excellency the Life President of the Republic of Malaŵi, Ngwazi Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda." Dzina lakuti Ngwazi limatanthauza “mkulu wa mafumu” (litali kwenikweni, “mkango waukulu,” kapena, ena anganene, “wogonjetsa”) m’Chicheŵa.
+
+Nthawi zambiri a Banda ankamuona ngati mtsogoleri wabwino, ngakhale wooneka bwino, yemwe analimbikitsidwa ndi ma suti ake a chingerezi atatu, mipango yofananira, ndodo ndi whisk. Mu June 1967, adalandira udokotala wolemekezeka ndi yunivesite ya Massachusetts ndi encomium "... dokotala wa ana ku dziko lake lakhanda". Banda mwiniyo adafotokoza mosapita m'mbali maganizo ake olamulira dzikolo ponena kuti, "Chilichonse ndi ntchito yanga. Chilichonse. Chilichonse chimene ndinganene ndi lamulo ... kwenikweni malamulo." mantha.
+
+Ngakhale kuti malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino ankapereka ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu, iwo sankatanthauza chilichonse, ndipo dziko la Malawi linali la apolisi. Imelo idatsegulidwa ndipo nthawi zambiri imasinthidwa. Matelefoni amangoimbidwa, ndipo mafoni ankadziwika kuti sangadulidwe ngati wina wanena mawu odzudzula okhudza boma.
+
+A Banda adalimbikitsa anthuwo kuti anene anthu omwe amamudzudzula ngakhale atakhala achibale. Otsutsa ankamangidwa, kuthamangitsidwa (monga Kanyama Chiume) kapena kufa mokayikira (monga Dick Matenje kapena Dr Attati Mpakati).
+
+Chochitika cha Mwanza Four 
+Mu 1983, nduna zitatu - Dick Matenje, Twaibu Sangala, Aaron Gadama - ndi phungu wa Nyumba ya Malamulo David Chiwanga adamwalira pa ngozi yomwe idadziwika kuti "ngozi yapamsewu". A Banda adayitana "mkangano wamkati wokhudza demokalase ya zipani zambiri" m'Malawi. Pamsonkhano wa nduna zitatu, nduna zitatuzi zidati zikugwirizana ndi ganizo la zipani zambiri, zomwe zidatsutsa zomwe a Banda adafuna kuti akhale mtsogoleri wadziko lonse. A Banda atakwiya, "adathetsa nduna" nthawi yomweyo ndipo adalengeza kuti nyumba ya malamulo ikumana nthawi yomweyo. Kumapeto kwa msonkhano wa nyumba yamalamulo umenewo, aliyense m’zipindazo analandidwa udindo wawo wandale. Anthu atatuwa adawatola kunyumba ya Nyumba ya Malamulo ku Zomba kuti akawafunse mafunso. Chiwanga chidachitika pomwe adazunzidwa kuchipinda chakumbuyo ndipo adayeneranso kutonthola. Anthu anayiwo adawamanga mugalimoto ya Peugeot 604 ya Matenje ndi kupita ku Thambani m'boma la Mwanza kumadzulo kwa mzinda wa Blantyre komwe ngoziyi idachitikira: magwero akuti galimoto yawo "idagubuduka pomwe anthuwo amayesa kuthawira ku dziko loyandikana nalo la Mozambique". zofunika] Pambuyo pake, kunapezeka kuti anaphedwa mwa kukhomeredwa zikhomo za hema m’mitu yawo. A Banda adalamula kuti malirowo aikidwe usiku ndipo adalamula kuti mabokosiwo asatsegulidwe kuti awonedwe komaliza.
+
+Ndondomeko zakunja
+
+Anti-communism 
+Pautsogoleri wa a Banda, dziko la Malawi poyamba linakana kukhazikitsa ubale waukazembe ndi maboma aliwonse achikomyunizimu ku Eastern Europe kapena Asia (komabe ubale unakhazikitsidwa ndi North Korea mu 1982 komanso ndi Romania ndi Albania mu 1985). 
+
+A Banda anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri ochepa a mu Africa omwe adathandizira dziko la United States pankhondo ya Vietnam, udindo womwe adautengera mwa zina chifukwa chodana ndi chikominisi.
+
+Ubale ndi mayiko aku Africa 
+Ngakhale kuti mayiko ambiri akummwera kwa Africa adachita malonda ndi nthawi ya tsankho ku South Africa chifukwa chofuna chuma, Malawi ndi dziko lokhalo mu Africa lomwe lidazindikira dziko la South Africa ndikukhazikitsa ubale waukazembe ndi dzikolo, kuphatikiza mgwirizano wamalonda womwe udakwiyitsa atsogoleri ena a mu Africa. Adawopseza kuti achotsa dziko la Malawi mubungwe la Organisation of African Unity mpaka a Banda atachoka pampando. Banda anayankha podzudzula maiko ena a mu Afirika kuti ndi achinyengo, ndipo polankhula pagulu ku nyumba yake yamalamulo, Banda anati: “Palibe choopsa, Cassius, pakuopseza kwanu” (Julius Caesar). Anawauza kuti akhazikike mtima pa kutsimikizira boma la South Africa kuti tsankho silinali lofunika. Kuwonjezera apo, iye anawonjezera kuti “[Atsogoleri a mu Afirika] amachita zosagwirizana, osati mgwirizano, kwinaku akudzionetsa ngati omasula Afirika. Pamene akuimba m’gulu la oimba la Pan Africanism, Aroma awo omwe akuyaka.”
+
+Zogwirizana ndi South Africa 
+Onaninso: Maubale a Malawi-South Africa
+
+Banda anali wolamulira yekha wa mu Africa amene adakhazikitsa ubale waukazembe ndi dziko la South Africa pa nthawi ya tsankho komanso ulamuliro wa Apwitikizi ku Mozambique. Pambuyo pavuto la nduna mu 1964, Banda adayamba kudzipatula mu ndale za ku Africa. [ Kumbali ina, kudana kwake ndi Roy Welensky ndi zomwe adazitcha "chitaganya chopusa"  chinali chiwombankhanga chomwe adagwiritsa ntchito kukana dziwe lamagetsi la Bangula Hydro-electric - lomwe likuyembekezeka kukhala lalikulu kuposa Damu la Gezira ku Khartoum - lomwe Welensky's Federation idafunafuna ndikupeza ndalama kuchokera ku boma la Britain. A Banda anapitiliza kudzudzula zonse kuphatikizapo nkhono (zomwe zingayambitse matenda a Bilharzia) kuti zithetse ntchitoyi. Kenako, a British adakana kuti a Banda amupatse ndalama ndi thandizo la ndalama zomwe amafunikira kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake chofuna kukhala ndi likulu latsopano ku Lilongwe, mdera lakwawo. Chifukwa chake adatembenukira ku South Africa - komwe kumasewera masewera andale mderali - zomwe zidamupatsa ngongole yofewa ya 300 miliyoni rand. Zomwe zidalipo zinali zoti a Banda amayenera kutsata mfundo za tsankho la dziko la South Africa pakati pa atsogoleri a mu Africa. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina adayendera dziko la South Africa komwe adakumana ndi anzawo aku South Africa ku Stellenbosch. Banda adanenapo kuti, “Kulumikizana kotere [pakati pa dziko la South Africa ndi Malawi] kumene kungaululire kwa anthu anu kuti pali anthu otukuka osati azungu...” ubale ndi South Africa.
+
+Nthawi ya tsankho itatha ndipo chipani cha ANC chidayamba kulamulira ndale za ku South Africa mzaka za m'ma 1990, ubale pakati pa Malawi ndi South Africa udawopseza kuti utha, koma gulu la Malawi lomwe limatsogozedwa ndi nthumwi za Malawi ku South Africa kuphatikiza SP Kachipande, ndi nthumwi za Malawi. m’Malawi, kuphatikizapo kazembe wakale wa dziko lino, a Phiri, anakonza msonkhano pakati pa maboma awiriwa womwe unachititsa kuti Nelson Mandela apite ku Malawi monga pulezidenti wa ANC.
+
+Adakumana ndi John Tembo ndi apulezidenti. Ubale pakati pa maboma awiriwa udapitilirabe kukhala wabwino zitadziwika kuti a Banda ankathandiza chipani cha ANC mobisa mu nthawi ya tsankho. Boma la Malawi ndi dziko la South Africa lidapitilizabe ubale waukazembe.
+
+Kubwera ku Mozambique 
+Kutengapo gawo kwa Banda ku Mozambique kudayamba nthawi ya atsamunda a Chipwitikizi ku Mozambique pomwe a Banda adathandizira boma la atsamunda la Portugal ndi zigawenga zomwe zidathandizira. Dziko la Malawi litalandira ufulu wodzilamulira, a Banda adalimbitsa ubale wake ndi boma la atsamunda la Portugal posankha Jorge Jardim kukhala kazembe wa dziko la Malawi ku Mozambique mu September 1964. Anagwiranso ntchito yolimbana ndi gulu lankhondo la Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) ku Malawi popitiliza kuthandiza atsamunda achi Portugal. Bungwe la Organisation of African Unity lidasankha dziko la Malawi kukhala limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali Frontline kuti athandizire mabungwe odziyimira pawokha ku Mozambique.
+
+Banda akumana ndi Purezidenti wa Zambia Kenneth Kaunda. Zambia idapereka chithandizo chothandizira magulu a anthu akuda ku Rhodesia ya Ian Smith, South West Africa, Angola, ndi Mozambique.
+
+Pofika m'ma 1980, a Banda adathandizira boma komanso zigawenga pankhondo yapachiweniweni ku Mozambique. Anapatsa bwino gulu lankhondo la Malawi ndi a Malawi Young Pioneers ku Mozambique kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1992.  Anali ndi gulu lankhondo la Malawi kuti lithandizire boma la Mozambique lomwe linkalamulidwa ndi FRELIMO dzikolo litalandira ufulu wodzilamulira mu 1975, pofuna kuteteza zofuna za Malawi ku Mozambique. Izi zidachitika mwa pangano mu 1984 ndi Samora Machel. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, a Banda adagwiritsa ntchito MYP ngati otengera mabuku komanso othandizira a Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO), omwe anali akulimbana ndi boma la Machel kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.  Dziko la Malawi lidagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka thandizo lakunja kuchokera ku boma la tsankho la South Africa. Machel adapereka chikalata ku Frontline States ndi umboni wosonyeza kuti a Banda akuchirikizabe zigawengazo ngakhale adagwirizana mu 1984 kuti asiye.  Pofika September 1986, Machel, Robert Mugabe, ndi Kenneth Kaunda anapita ku Banda kukamunyengerera kuti asiye kuchirikiza RENAMO. Wolowa m'malo mwa Machel, Joaquim Chissano, adapitilizabe kudandaula kuti dziko la Malawi silikufuna kusiya kuthandiza RENAMO. Koma a Banda amayesa kusunga zofuna za Amalawi pa doko la Nacala ku Mozambique ndipo sadafune kudalira madoko a Tanzania ndi South Africa kuti atuluke ndi kutumiza kunja chifukwa cha ndalamazo. Mozambique ndi Malawi adagwirizana kuti akhazikitse asilikali a mayiko awiriwa ku Nayuchi pafupi ndi doko.Zochitika za kuphedwa kwa asitikali aku Malawi pazaka zinayi zidakwiyitsa Asilikali chifukwa mamembala a MYP adachita nawo zigawengazo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti awiriwa azitsutsana.
+
+Kufa kwa ndale 
+Kutha kwa Cold War kunamveka ngati imfa ya Banda wamaliseche. Atsogoleri aku Western ndi opereka thandizo padziko lonse lapansi sanagwiritsenso ntchito maulamuliro aulamuliro odana ndi Chikomyunizimu m'dziko lachitatu, zonse zomwe zidakakamizidwa kuti zikhazikitse demokalase. Madonors adauza a Banda kuti akuyenera kuchitapo kanthu pofuna kuti boma lake lichite zinthu poyera komanso kuti liziyankha kwa anthu ndi mayiko ena pofuna thandizo lina. Boma la Britain linasiyanso thandizo lawo lazachuma. Mu March 1992, mabishopu achikatolika ku Malawi analemba kalata ya abusa a Lenten yomwe inadzudzula Banda ndi boma lake. Ophunzira akusukulu ya ukachenjede ya Malawi pasukulu ya ukachenjede ya Chancellor College ndi Polytechnic adachita nawo ziwonetsero komanso zionetsero zolimbikitsa maepiskopiwa zomwe zidakakamiza akuluakulu a boma kuti atseke masukuluwo.
+
+Mu Epulo 1992, Chakufwa Chihana, wogwirizira ntchito, adapempha poyera kuti pakhale chisankho chokhudza tsogolo la ndale la Malawi. Anamangidwa asanamalize zokamba zake pabwalo la ndege la Lilongwe.  Pofika mchaka cha 1992, chikakamizo chomwe chikukulirakuliraku kuchokera mkati ndi kunja kwa mayiko chinakakamiza a Banda kuti avomere kupanga referendum ngati akuyenera kukhalabe ndi chipani chimodzi. Referendumu inachitika pa 14 June 1993,  zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mavoti achulukane (64 peresenti) mokomera demokalase ya zipani zambiri. Zitatha izi, zipani za ndale kupatula MCP zidakhazikitsidwa ndipo kukonzekera zisankho zinayamba. A Banda adagwira ntchito ndi zipani zomwe zidangokhazikitsidwa kumene komanso mpingo, ndipo sanachite ziwonetsero pomwe msonkhano wapadera unamuchotsera udindo wake wa President for Life, komanso mphamvu zake zambiri. Kusintha kuchokera ku umodzi mwa maulamuliro opondereza kwambiri mu Africa kupita ku demokalase kunali kwamtendere.
+
+Mwambo wotsegulira manda a Banda Mausoleum, 14 May 2006 - Lilongwe, Malawi 
+Operation Bwezani inali gulu la asilikali a Malawi pofuna kulanda zida za a Malawi Young Pioneers pa nthawi ya kusintha kwa ndale mu December 1993. Bwezani amatanthauza "kubwezera." 
+
+Pambuyo pa mafunso okhuza thanzi lake, a Banda adapikisana nawo pa chisankho cha pulezidenti woyamba wa demokalase m'Malawi mu 1994. Anagonjetsedwa kotheratu ndi a Bakili Muluzi, wa ku Yao wochokera kuchigawo chakumwera kwa dzikolo. A Banda sanachedwe kuvomera kugonja. ″Ndikufuna kumuyamikira ndi mtima wonse ndikumupatsa [Muluzi] chichirikizo changa chonse ndi mgwirizano wanga,” adatero pawailesi ya boma, posonyeza kutha kwa zaka 30 za ulamuliro wa chipani chimodzi cha Malawi.
+
+Chipanichi Banda adachitsogolera kuyambira pomwe adatenga udindo wa Orton Chirwa mchaka cha 1960, Malawi Congress Party, chidakali chovuta kwambiri pandale zaMalawi.
+
+Mwanza trials 
+Mu 1995, a Banda anamangidwa ndikuimbidwa mlandu wopha anzake omwe kale anali nduna ya boma zaka khumi zapitazo. Anamasulidwa chifukwa chosowa umboni.
+
+Banda sanalape m'malingaliro ake kwa Amalawi, kuwatcha "ana mu ndale" ndikuti adzaphonya ulamuliro wake wachitsulo (onani Big Men, Little People lolemba Alec Russell).
+
+Chikalata chopepesa chinaperekedwa pa 4 January 1996 mdzina la H. Kamuzu Banda kwa anthu amtundu wake atangomasulidwa ku makhoti a Mwanza. Mawuwa adakumana ndi mkangano, kukayikira komanso kunyozedwa. Adafunsidwanso ngati a Banda adalemba yekha chikalatacho kapena ngati wina adalemba m'malo mwake. M'malo mwake, adanenanso kuti:
+
+Machitidwe a boma ndi amphamvu ndipo akuyenera kusintha malinga ndi zofuna ndi zokhumba za anthu...Panthawi ya udindo wanga, ndinadzipereka modzipereka ku ntchito yabwino ya Amayi Malawi polimbana ndi Umphawi, Umbuli ndi Umphawi. Matenda pakati pa nkhani zina zambiri; koma ngati mkati mwa ndondomekoyi, iwo amene anagwira ntchito m’boma langa kapena mwachinyengo chabodza m’dzina langa kapena mosadziwa ndi ine, zowawa ndi kuzunzika zinayambitsidwa kwa aliyense m’dziko muno m’dzina la fuko, ndikupereka chipepeso changa chowona mtima. Ndikupemphanso mzimu wa chiyanjanitso ndi chikhululukiro pakati pathu tonse...Dziko lathu lokongola latchedwa 'Mtima Wofunda wa Africa' ndipo takhala tikumusirira chifukwa cha chikondi chathu ndi mzimu wolimbikira. Kusirira kumeneku sikungofuna kuti tingofunika kuyang'ana zakale ndi zamakono ndi kutengapo phunziro, koma palinso kufunika kokulirapo kwa ife kuyembekezera zam'tsogolo m'zoyesayesa zathu zomanganso ndi kuyanjanitsa ngati tifunikira kusamuka. patsogolo konse.
+
+Moyo ku Malawi kwa Banda
+
+Ziphaso za umembala wachipani 
+Anthu onse akuluakulu akuyenera kukhala a MCP. Makhadi a chipani amayenera kunyamulidwa nthawi zonse ndikuperekedwa mwachisawawa apolisi. Makhadiwa ankagulitsidwa, nthawi zambiri ndi a Banda a Malawi Young Pioneers (MYP). Nthaŵi zina, achichepere ameneŵa anagulitsanso makadi kwa ana osabadwa.
+
+Malawi Young Pioneers 
+Gulu la a Malawi Young Pioneers linali gulu lodziwika bwino lachipani cha MCP, lomwe linkakonda kuopseza ndi kuzunza anthu.  A Pioneers adanyamula zida, kuchita ntchito zaukazitape komanso zanzeru, komanso anali alonda odalirika a Banda. Anathandiza kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha mantha chimene chinalipo muulamuliro wake.
+
+Chipembedzo cha umunthu 
+A Banda anali munthu wokonda kupembedza.  Nyumba iliyonse yamabizinesi inkafunika kukhala ndi chithunzi chovomerezeka chake atapachikidwa pakhoma, ndipo palibe chithunzi, wotchi kapena chithunzi chomwe chikanakhala chapamwamba kuposa chithunzi chake. Filimu iliyonse isanakwane, kanema wa Banda akuwayimbira anthu uku akuimbidwa nyimbo ya fuko. A Banda atayendera mzinda wina, gulu la amayi likuyembekezeka kumulandira pabwalo la ndege ndi kumuvina. Nsalu yapadera, yokhala ndi chithunzi cha pulezidenti, inali chovala chofunika pamasewerowa. Nyumba zolambirira zinkafunika chilolezo cha boma kuti zizigwira ntchito, ndipo zikhulupiriro zina monga Mboni za Yehova zinali zoletsedwa kotheratu.
+
+Kuletsa 
+Makanema onse owonetsedwa m'makanema adawonedwa koyamba ndi a Malawi Censorship Board ndikusinthidwa kuti awonekere. Umaliseche ndi zinthu zina zosavomerezeka pagulu kapena ndale zidaletsedwa ndipo makanema sanathe ngakhale kuwonetsa maanja akupsompsona. Matepi a vidiyo anayenera kutumizidwa ku Bungwe la Censorship Board kuti awonedwe. Kanemayo atasinthidwa, anapatsidwa chomata chosonyeza kuti tsopano ndi woyenera kuonedwa ndi kutumizidwanso kwa mwini wake. Zinthu zogulitsidwa m'malo ogulitsa mabuku zidasinthidwanso. Masamba, kapena zigawo za masamba, zinadulidwa m’magazini monga Newsweek ndi Time. Mabuku achikomyunizimu, magazini olaula, ndi Lonely Planet's Africa on a Shoestring analetsedwa. Nyumba zoulutsira mawu—wailesi imodzi, nyuzipepala imodzi yatsiku ndi tsiku, ndi nyuzipepala imodzi yamlungu ndi mlungu—zinali zolamuliridwa mwamphamvu ndipo makamaka zinkakhala ngati zoulutsira nkhani zabodza za boma, pamene boma linakana kuyambitsa wailesi yakanema. Komabe, Amalawi olemera adagula ma seti ngati oyang'anira ma VCR awo. Chidziwitso cha mbiri ya Banda asanakhalepo chidalephereka, ndipo mabuku ambiri okhudza nkhanizi adawotchedwa. A Banda akuti amazunza ena mwa mafuko akumpoto (makamaka a Tumbuka), kuletsa zilankhulo ndi mabuku awo komanso aphunzitsi.
+
+Alendo amene anaswa malamulo amenewa nthawi zambiri ankatchedwa Oletsedwa Osamukira m'mayiko ena ndipo amathamangitsidwa.
+
+Kavalidwe ndi Conservatism 
+Boma lake linkayang’anira miyoyo ya anthu mosamala kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, a Banda adakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya kavalidwe yochokera pamalingaliro ake osasamala. Azimayi sankaloledwa kuvala zovala zooneka bwino, kukhala ndi mikwingwirima yooneka, mathalauza, kapena kuvala masiketi kapena madiresi opita pamwamba pa bondo. Kupatulapo pa izi kunali ku malo ochitira tchuthi ndi m'makalabu akumidzi, komwe anthu sakanatha kuwawona. A Banda adalongosola kuti ziletsozi sizinapangidwe pofuna kupondereza amayi, koma kuwapatsa ulemu ndi ulemu. Tsitsi la amuna siliyenera kukhala lalitali kuposa kutalika kwa kolala, ndipo alendo ochokera kumayiko ena pabwalo la ndege adapatsidwa kumeta kovomerezeka ngati kuli kofunikira. Mwamuna aliyense amene anapita pagulu ali ndi tsitsi lalitali ankathanso kugwidwa ndi apolisi n’kumumeta mwadala.
+
+Ngakhale anthu akunja omwe ankabwera ku Malawi ankamvera kavalidwe ka Banda. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, oyembekezera kudzabwera m’dzikolo anauzidwa zinthu zotsatirazi kuti apeze ma visa:
+
+Azimayi apaulendo sadzaloledwa kulowa mdziko muno ngati atavala madiresi achifupi kapena ma thalauza, kupatula paulendo kapena ku Lake Holiday Resorts kapena National park. Masiketi ndi madiresi ayenera kuphimba mawondo kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a Boma. Kulowa kwa ma hippies ndi amuna atsitsi lalitali ndi mathalauza oyaka ndi koletsedwa.
+
+Nkhani za akazi 
+Banda adakhazikitsa Chitukuko Cha Amai m'Malawi (CCAM) kuti athetsere nkhawa, zosowa, ufulu ndi mwayi kwa amayi m'Malawi. Bungweli lidalimbikitsa amayi kuchita bwino pamaphunziro ndi boma ndipo lidawalimbikitsa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika mdera lawo, mipingo ndi mabanja awo. National Advisor wa Foundation anali Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira, yemwe ndi wolandila alendo kwa Purezidenti wakale.
+
+Zomangamanga 
+Gawoli likufunika mawu owonjezera kuti atsimikizire. Chonde thandizani kukonza nkhaniyi powonjezera mawu opezeka kumalo odalirika. Zinthu zopanda ntchito zitha kutsutsidwa ndikuchotsedwa. (Julayi 2020) (Dziwani momwe mungachotsere komanso liti uthenga wa template iyi)
+
+M’chaka cha 1964, atakhala nduna ya boma mu ulamuliro wa atsamunda, a Banda adatengera ndondomeko yazachuma yomwe cholinga chake chinali kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chuma kuti Amalawi atukuke. Adakhazikika pazachitsanzo cha Rostow pazachuma, pomwe dziko la Malawi lidalimbikira kuchitapo kanthu pakusintha kwa mafakitale (ISI). Izi zinaphatikizapo kufunitsitsa “kudzikwanilitsa” kwa dziko la Malawi – kusadalila mtsogoleli wao wakale wa atsamunda – komanso kukula kwa mafakitale amene angapangitse kuti dziko la Malawi lizitha kupanga katundu ndi nchito zake. Mphamvu yoteroyo ikadagwiritsidwa ntchito kumenya ngakhalenso kugonjetsa Kumadzulo. Dongosolo lachitukuko cha zomangamanga linayambika pansi pa zikalata za Development Policies (DEVPOLs) zomwe dziko la Malawi lidalandira kuyambira 1964 kupita mtsogolo. Zambiri mwa izi zidaperekedwa ndi bungwe la Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation, bungwe la Boma lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kuti litukule chuma cha dziko la Malawi poonjezera kuchuluka kwa malonda a zaulimi komanso kutukula misika yakunja ya zokolola za m’Malawi. Pamaziko ake, ADMARC idapatsidwa mphamvu zothandizira chitukuko cha zachuma ku bungwe lililonse la boma kapena lachinsinsi. Kuchokera ku kupangidwa kwake chinaloŵetsedwamo m’kupatutsa chuma kuchokera ku ulimi waung’ono kupita ku minda ya fodya, yomwe nthaŵi zambiri inali ya mamembala a anthu osankhika olamulira. Izi zidadzetsa katangale, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo komanso kusachita bwino mu ADMARC,
+
+Zomangamanga za dziko lino zidapindula ndi mapologalamu akuluakulu omanga misewu. Ndi ganizo losamutsa likulu la mzindawu kuchoka ku Zomba kupita ku Lilongwe (motsutsana ndi zotsutsana ndi zomwe Briteni zimakonda ku Blantyre yathanzi pazachuma komanso yotukuka), nsewu watsopano unamangidwa wolumikiza Blantyre ndi Zomba kupita ku Lilongwe. Bungwe la Capital City Development Corporation (CCDC) ku Lilongwe nalonso linali mng'oma wa chitukuko cha zomangamanga, mothandizidwa ndi mapulani ndi ndalama zochokera ku South Africa nthawi ya tsankho. A British adakana kupereka ndalama zosamukira ku Lilongwe. ACCDC idakhala yokhayo yomwe idapereka chitukuko ku Lilongwe; Kukhazikitsa misewu, mpando wa boma ku Capital Hill, ndi zina zotero. Mabungwe ena a zomangamanga anawonjezeredwa, monga Malawi Hotels Limited, yomwe inachita ntchito zazikulu monga Mount Soche, Capital Hotel ndi Mzuzu Hotel. Kumbali ya mafakitale, Malawi Development Corporation (MDC) idapatsidwa ntchito yokhazikitsa mafakitale ndi mabizinesi ena. Panthawiyi, Dr. Banda mwiniwake wa Press Corporation Limited ndi MYP's Spearhead Corporation anayamba kuchita bizinesi zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chuma chitukuke chapakati mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.
+
+Komabe, pofika 1979-80, kuphulika kunali kuphulika chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma padziko lonse omwe anayambitsa nkhondo ya Yom Kippur pakati pa Israeli ndi Aluya mu 1973.
+
+Kavalidwe ndi Conservatism 
+Boma lake linkayang’anira miyoyo ya anthu mosamala kwambiri. Kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, a Banda adakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya kavalidwe yochokera pamalingaliro ake osasamala. Azimayi sankaloledwa kuvala zovala zooneka bwino, kukhala ndi mikwingwirima yooneka, mathalauza, kapena kuvala masiketi kapena madiresi opita pamwamba pa bondo. Kupatulapo pa izi kunali ku malo ochitira tchuthi ndi m'makalabu akumidzi, komwe anthu sakanatha kuwawona. A Banda adalongosola kuti ziletsozi sizinapangidwe pofuna kupondereza amayi, koma kuwapatsa ulemu ndi ulemu. Tsitsi la amuna siliyenera kukhala lalitali kuposa kutalika kwa kolala, ndipo alendo ochokera kumayiko ena pabwalo la ndege adapatsidwa kumeta kovomerezeka ngati kuli kofunikira. Mwamuna aliyense amene anapita pagulu ali ndi tsitsi lalitali ankathanso kugwidwa ndi apolisi n’kumumeta mwadala.
+
+Ngakhale anthu akunja omwe ankabwera ku Malawi ankamvera kavalidwe ka Banda. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, oyembekezera kudzabwera m’dzikolo anauzidwa zinthu zotsatirazi kuti apeze ma visa:
+
+Azimayi apaulendo sadzaloledwa kulowa mdziko muno ngati atavala madiresi achifupi kapena ma thalauza, kupatula paulendo kapena ku Lake Holiday Resorts kapena National park. Masiketi ndi madiresi ayenera kuphimba mawondo kuti agwirizane ndi malamulo a Boma. Kulowa kwa ma hippies ndi amuna atsitsi lalitali ndi mathalauza oyaka ndi koletsedwa.
+
+Nkhani za akazi 
+Banda adakhazikitsa Chitukuko Cha Amai m'Malawi (CCAM) kuti athetsere nkhawa, zosowa, ufulu ndi mwayi kwa amayi m'Malawi. Bungweli lidalimbikitsa amayi kuchita bwino pamaphunziro ndi boma ndipo lidawalimbikitsa kuti azigwira ntchito molimbika mdera lawo, mipingo ndi mabanja awo. National Advisor wa Foundation anali Cecilia Tamanda Kadzamira, yemwe ndi wolandila alendo kwa Purezidenti wakale.
+
+Zomangamanga 
+Gawoli likufunika mawu owonjezera kuti atsimikizire. Chonde thandizani kukonza nkhaniyi powonjezera mawu opezeka kumalo odalirika. Zinthu zopanda ntchito zitha kutsutsidwa ndikuchotsedwa. (Julayi 2020) (Dziwani momwe mungachotsere komanso liti uthenga wa template iyi)
+
+M’chaka cha 1964, atakhala nduna ya boma mu ulamuliro wa atsamunda, a Banda adatengera ndondomeko yazachuma yomwe cholinga chake chinali kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chuma kuti Amalawi atukuke. Adakhazikika pazachitsanzo cha Rostow pazachuma, pomwe dziko la Malawi lidalimbikira kuchitapo kanthu pakusintha kwa mafakitale (ISI). Izi zinaphatikizapo kufunitsitsa “kudzikwanilitsa” kwa dziko la Malawi – kusadalila mtsogoleli wao wakale wa atsamunda – komanso kukula kwa mafakitale amene angapangitse kuti dziko la Malawi lizitha kupanga katundu ndi nchito zake. Mphamvu yoteroyo ikadagwiritsidwa ntchito kumenya ngakhalenso kugonjetsa Kumadzulo. Dongosolo lachitukuko cha zomangamanga linayambika pansi pa zikalata za Development Policies (DEVPOLs) zomwe dziko la Malawi lidalandira kuyambira 1964 kupita mtsogolo. Zambiri mwa izi zidaperekedwa ndi bungwe la Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation, bungwe la Boma lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kuti litukule chuma cha dziko la Malawi poonjezera kuchuluka kwa malonda a zaulimi komanso kutukula misika yakunja ya zokolola za m’Malawi. Pamaziko ake, ADMARC idapatsidwa mphamvu zothandizira chitukuko cha zachuma ku bungwe lililonse la boma kapena lachinsinsi. Kuchokera ku kupangidwa kwake chinaloŵetsedwamo m’kupatutsa chuma kuchokera ku ulimi waung’ono kupita ku minda ya fodya, yomwe nthaŵi zambiri inali ya mamembala a anthu osankhika olamulira. Izi zidadzetsa katangale, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika udindo komanso kusachita bwino mu ADMARC,
+
+Zomangamanga za dziko lino zidapindula ndi mapologalamu akuluakulu omanga misewu. Ndi ganizo losamutsa likulu la mzindawu kuchoka ku Zomba kupita ku Lilongwe (motsutsana ndi zotsutsana ndi zomwe Briteni zimakonda ku Blantyre yathanzi pazachuma komanso yotukuka), nsewu watsopano unamangidwa wolumikiza Blantyre ndi Zomba kupita ku Lilongwe. Bungwe la Capital City Development Corporation (CCDC) ku Lilongwe nalonso linali mng'oma wa chitukuko cha zomangamanga, mothandizidwa ndi mapulani ndi ndalama zochokera ku South Africa nthawi ya tsankho. A British adakana kupereka ndalama zosamukira ku Lilongwe. ACCDC idakhala yokhayo yomwe idapereka chitukuko ku Lilongwe; Kukhazikitsa misewu, mpando wa boma ku Capital Hill, ndi zina zotero. Mabungwe ena a zomangamanga anawonjezeredwa, monga Malawi Hotels Limited, yomwe inachita ntchito zazikulu monga Mount Soche, Capital Hotel ndi Mzuzu Hotel. Kumbali ya mafakitale, Malawi Development Corporation (MDC) idapatsidwa ntchito yokhazikitsa mafakitale ndi mabizinesi ena. Panthawiyi, Dr. Banda mwiniwake wa Press Corporation Limited ndi MYP's Spearhead Corporation anayamba kuchita bizinesi zomwe zinapangitsa kuti chuma chitukuke chapakati mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.
+
+Komabe, pofika 1979-80, kuphulika kunali kuphulika chifukwa cha mavuto azachuma padziko lonse omwe anayambitsa nkhondo ya Yom Kippur pakati pa Israeli ndi Aluya mu 1973. 
+Malaŵi
+Atsogoleri oyamba
+Danish Farooq Bhat (wobadwa 9 Meyi 1996) ndi katswiri waku India yemwe amasewera ngati osewera wapakati pa Indian Super League kilabu ya Bengaluru komanso timu ya dziko la India.
+
+Moyo waumwini
+Danish adauziridwa ndi abambo ake, Farooq Ahmad, yemwe anali katswiri wa mpira zaka makumi awiri patsogolo pake. Ahmad adayimira timu ya Jammu ndi Kashmir ku Santosh Trophy komanso adasewera chimphona cha Kolkata Mohammedan Sporting.
+
+Zolemba 
+Anthu amoyo
+Angelina Jolie DCMG (/dʒoʊˈliː/; wobadwa Angelina Jolie Voight;  Juni 4, 1975) ndi wojambula waku America, wopanga mafilimu, komanso wothandiza anthu. Wolandira ulemu wambiri, kuphatikiza Mphotho ya Academy ndi Mphotho zitatu za Golden Globe, adatchedwa wosewera wolipidwa kwambiri ku Hollywood kangapo.
+
+Jolie adamupanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu ali mwana limodzi ndi abambo ake, Jon Voight, ku Lookin 'to Get Out (1982), ndipo ntchito yake yamakanema idayamba mwachangu zaka khumi pambuyo pake ndikupanga ndalama zochepa Cyborg 2 (1993), ndikutsatiridwa ndi iye. woyamba kutsogolera filimu yaikulu, Hackers (1995). Adachita nawo mafilimu odziwika kwambiri a George Wallace (1997) ndi Gia (1998), ndipo adapambana Mphotho ya Academy for Best Supporting Actress chifukwa chochita sewero la 1999 la Girl, Interrupted. Udindo wake ngati ngwazi yamasewera apakanema Lara Croft mu Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) adamukhazikitsa ngati wosewera wamkulu waku Hollywood. Anapitiliza ntchito yake yodziwika bwino ndi Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005), Wanted (2008), Salt (2010), ndi The Tourist (2010), ndipo adayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha sewero lake la A Mighty Heart (2007). ) ndi Changeling (2008), omaliza omwe adamupatsa mwayi wosankhidwa kukhala Academy Award for Best Actress. Kupambana kwake kwakukulu pazamalonda kudabwera ndi chithunzi chongopeka Maleficent (2014). Amadziwikanso chifukwa cha mawu ake muakanema akanema a Kung Fu Panda (2008-present). Jolie adawongoleranso ndikulemba masewero angapo ankhondo, omwe ndi In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), Unbroken (2014), ndi First They Killed My Father (2017). Mu 2021, Jolie adawonetsa Thena mufilimu yapamwamba ya Marvel Cinematic Universe Eternals.
+
+Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yake ya filimu, Jolie amadziwika chifukwa cha ntchito zake zothandiza anthu, zomwe adalandira Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award ndipo adapanga Dame Wolemekezeka Mtsogoleri wa Order of St Michael ndi St George (DCMG), pakati pa ulemu wina. Amalimbikitsa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuteteza, maphunziro, ndi ufulu wa amayi, ndipo amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kulengeza kwake m'malo mwa anthu othawa kwawo monga nthumwi yapadera ya United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Jolie wapanga maulendo khumi ndi awiri padziko lonse lapansi kumisasa ya anthu othawa kwawo ndi madera ankhondo; Mayiko omwe anapitako ndi monga Cambodia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, Sudan, Yemen, ndi Ukraine.
+
+Monga wodziwika pagulu, Jolie adatchulidwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa anthu amphamvu komanso otchuka kwambiri pamakampani azosangalatsa aku America. Wakhala akutchulidwa ngati mkazi wokongola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi ma TV osiyanasiyana. Moyo wake waumwini, kuphatikizapo maubwenzi ake, maukwati, ndi thanzi, zakhala zikufalitsidwa kwambiri. Adasudzulidwa ndi osewera Jonny Lee Miller, Billy Bob Thornton ndi Brad Pitt. Ali ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi ndi Pitt, atatu mwa iwo adaleredwa padziko lonse lapansi.
+
+Moyo woyambirira ndi banja 
+Angelina Jolie Voight anabadwa pa June 4, 1975, ku Los Angeles, California, ndi ochita zisudzo Jon Voight ndi Marcheline Bertrand.  Ndi mlongo wake wa ochita sewero James Haven komanso mphwake wa woyimba-wolemba nyimbo Chip Taylor[6] komanso katswiri wa geologist ndi volcanologist Barry Voight. Amulungu ake ndi zisudzo Jacqueline Bisset ndi Maximilian Schell. Kumbali ya abambo ake, Jolie ndi wochokera ku Germany ndi Slovak, pomwe amayi ake anali ochokera ku France-Canada. Jolie amanena kuti ali ndi makolo awo amtundu wa Iroquois.
+
+Makolo ake atapatukana mu 1976, iye ndi mchimwene wake ankakhala ndi mayi awo, amene anasiya zilakolako zake zakuchita zinthu n’kuyamba kuganizira kwambiri za kulera ana ake. Amayi ake a Jolie anamlera monga Mkatolika koma sanafune kuti azipita kutchalitchi. Ali mwana, nthawi zambiri amaonera mafilimu ndi amayi ake ndipo zinali izi, osati ntchito yabwino ya abambo ake, zomwe zidamulimbikitsa chidwi chochita sewero, ngakhale adatenga nawo gawo mu Voight's Lookin 'to Get Out (1982) ku. zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.  Pamene Jolie anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Bertrand ndi mnzake wokhala naye, wojambula filimu Bill Day, anasamutsa banja lawo ku Palisades, New York;  anabwerera ku Los Angeles patatha zaka zisanu. Kenako Jolie adaganiza kuti akufuna kuchita ndikulembetsa ku Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, komwe adaphunzitsidwa kwa zaka ziwiri ndipo adawonekera m'magawo angapo.
+
+Jolie anayamba kupita ku Beverly Hills High School, komwe ankadzimva kuti ali yekhayekha pakati pa ana a mabanja olemera a m'deralo chifukwa amayi ake ankapeza ndalama zochepa. Ananyozedwa ndi ana asukulu ena, omwe ankafuna kuti iye anali woonda kwambiri komanso kuvala magalasi ndi zingwe zomangira. Kuyesera kwake koyambirira kopanga zitsanzo, pakuumirira kwa amayi ake, sizinaphule kanthu. Kenako adasamukira ku Moreno High School, sukulu ina, komwe adakhala "mlendo wakunja,"atavala zovala zakuda, kupita kokacheza, komanso kusewera ndi mpeni ndi chibwenzi chake chomwe amakhala nacho.
+Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (wobadwa Novembala 20, 1942) ndi wandale waku America yemwe ndi wa 46 komanso Purezidenti wapano waku United States. Membala wa Democratic Party, adakhalapo ngati wachiwiri kwa 47th kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2017 motsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Barack Obama ndikuyimira Delaware ku Senate ya United States kuyambira 1973 mpaka 2009.
+
+Biden adabadwira ndikukulira ku Scranton, Pennsylvania, ndipo adasamuka ndi banja lake kupita ku Delaware mu 1953 ali ndi zaka khumi. Anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Delaware asanalandire digiri ya zamalamulo kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Syracuse. Adasankhidwa kukhala mu New Castle County Council mu 1970 ndipo adakhala senema wachisanu ndi chimodzi wochepera m'mbiri ya US atasankhidwa kukhala Senate ya United States kuchokera ku Delaware mu 1972, ali ndi zaka 29. Biden anali wapampando kapena membala wa Senate Foreign Komiti ya Ubale kwa zaka 12. Anatsogoleranso Komiti Yoweruza ya Senate kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1995; adatsogolera zoyesayesa zokhazikitsa lamulo la Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act ndi Violence Against Women Act; ndipo adayang'anira milandu isanu ndi umodzi ya Khothi Lalikulu la United States, kuphatikizapo milandu yotsutsana ya Robert Bork ndi Clarence Thomas.
+
+A Biden adapikisana nawo mosapambana pa chisankho chapulezidenti wa Democratic mu 1988 ndi 2008. Anali senator wamkulu wachinayi pomwe adakhala wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa Obama atapambana zisankho zapurezidenti mu 2008. Obama ndi Biden adasankhidwanso mu 2012. M'magawo ake awiri ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, a Biden adatsamira zomwe adakumana nazo ku Senate ndipo nthawi zambiri amayimira akuluakulu aboma pazokambirana ndi ma Republican a Congress. Anayang'aniranso ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito zomangamanga mu 2009 kuti athane ndi Kuwonongeka Kwakukulu. Pazandale, a Biden anali mlangizi wapamtima wa Purezidenti Obama ndipo adatsogolera pakukonza zochotsa asitikali aku US ku Iraq mu 2011.
+
+Biden ndi mnzake, Kamala Harris, adagonjetsa Donald Trump pachisankho cha 2020. Atakhazikitsidwa, adakhala purezidenti wakale kwambiri m'mbiri ya U.S. komanso woyamba kukhala ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wamkazi. Biden adasaina lamulo la American Rescue Plan Act kuthandiza US kuchira ku mliri wa COVID-19 komanso kugwa kwachuma. Anapereka lingaliro la American Jobs Plan, zomwe zinaphatikizidwa mu bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. Anapereka lingaliro la American Families Plan, lomwe lidaphatikizidwa ndi zina za American Jobs Plan mu Build Back Better Act. Pambuyo potsutsidwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo, kukula kwa Build Back Better Act kudachepetsedwa ndipo idasinthidwanso mwatsatanetsatane mu Inflation Reduction Act ya 2022, yokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa, kusintha kwanyengo, chisamaliro chaumoyo, komanso kusintha kwamisonkho. Biden adasankha Ketanji Brown Jackson kukhala Khothi Lalikulu. Mu mfundo zakunja, adabwezeretsanso US ku Pangano la Paris pakusintha kwanyengo. Anamaliza kuchotsa asitikali aku US ku Afghanistan, pomwe boma la Afghanistan lidagwa ndipo a Taliban adalanda ulamuliro. Adayankha pakuwukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine mu 2022 poika zilango ku Russia ndikuloleza thandizo lakunja ndi zida zotumizira ku Ukraine.
+
+Moyo woyamba (1942-1965) 
+
+Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. anabadwa pa November 20, 1942,  ku St. Mary's Hospital ku Scranton, Pennsylvania,  kwa Catherine Eugenia "Jean" Biden (née Finnegan) ndi Joseph Robinette Biden Sr. 4] Mwana wamkulu m'banja lachikatolika, ali ndi mlongo wake, Valerie, ndi azichimwene ake awiri, Francis ndi James. Jean anali wochokera ku Ireland,  pomwe a Joseph Sr. anali ndi makolo achingerezi, achi Irish, ndi achi French Huguenot. Mzere wa abambo a Biden adachokera kwa womanga miyala William Biden, yemwe adabadwa mu 1789 ku Westborne, England, ndipo adasamukira ku Maryland ku United States pofika 1820. 
+
+Abambo ake a Biden anali olemera ndipo banjali lidagula nyumba mdera la anthu olemera la Long Island ku Garden City kumapeto kwa 1946,  koma adakumana ndi zovuta zamabizinesi pomwe Biden anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo banjali limakhala ndi agogo a amayi a Biden ku Scranton. Scranton idalowa m'mavuto azachuma m'ma 1950s ndipo abambo a Biden sanapeze ntchito yokhazikika. Kuyambira mu 1953 pamene Biden anali ndi zaka khumi, banjalo linkakhala m'nyumba ku Claymont, Delaware, asanasamuke ku nyumba ku Mayfield. Pambuyo pake a Biden Sr. adakhala wogulitsa bwino magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikusunga banja m'moyo wapakati. 
+
+Ku Archmere Academy ku Claymont, Biden adasewera baseball ndipo anali wodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso wolandila kwambiri pagulu la mpira wamiyendo ya sekondale.  Ngakhale anali wophunzira wosauka, anali pulezidenti wa kalasi muzaka zake zazing'ono ndi zazikulu. Anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1961. Ku Yunivesite ya Delaware ku Newark, Biden adasewera mpira watsopano,  ndipo, monga wophunzira wodabwitsa,  adapeza digiri ya Bachelor of Arts ku 1965 yokhala ndi mbiri yayikulu.
+
+Biden ali ndi chibwibwi, chomwe chakhala bwino kuyambira ali ndi zaka makumi awiri. Akuti adazichepetsa pobwereza ndakatulo pagalasi, koma owonera ena adanenanso kuti zidakhudza momwe amagwirira ntchito pamakangano apulezidenti wa 2020 Democratic Party.
+
+Maukwati, sukulu yamalamulo, ndi ntchito yoyambirira (1966-1973)
+
+Nkhani yayikulu: Ntchito yoyambirira ya Joe Biden 
+Onaninso: Banja la Joe Biden
+
+Pa Ogasiti 27, 1966, a Biden adakwatirana ndi Neilia Hunter (1942-1972), wophunzira ku Syracuse University, atagonjetsa kukana kwa makolo ake kuti akwatire Mroma Katolika. Ukwati wawo unachitikira m’tchalitchi cha Katolika ku Skaneateles, New York. Anali ndi ana atatu: Joseph R. "Beau" Biden III (1969-2015), Robert Hunter Biden (wobadwa 1970), ndi Naomi Christina "Amy" Biden (1971-1972).
+
+Mu 1968, Biden adapeza Dotolo wa Juris ku Syracuse University College of Law, yemwe adakhala pa nambala 76 m'kalasi yake ya 85, atalephera maphunziro chifukwa cha "kulakwitsa" komwe adavomereza pomwe adalemba nkhani yowunikira malamulo papepala lomwe adalemba mchaka chake choyamba. kusukulu ya zamalamulo. Adavomerezedwa ku bar ya Delaware mu 1969. 
+
+Biden sanachirikize kapena kutsutsa poyera nkhondo ya Vietnam mpaka adathamangira ku Senate ndikutsutsa zomwe Nixon amachita pankhondoyo. Pomwe amaphunzira ku Yunivesite ya Delaware ndi Syracuse University, Biden adapeza ophunzira asanu omwe adalembetsa, panthawi yomwe osankhidwa ambiri adatumizidwa kunkhondo ya Vietnam. Mu 1968, potengera kuyezetsa kwa thupi, adapatsidwa kuchotsedwa kwamankhwala kovomerezeka; mu 2008, wolankhulira a Biden adati kukhala ndi "mpumu ali wachinyamata" ndizomwe zidamulepheretsa.
+
+Mu 1968, Biden adagwira ntchito ku kampani yazamalamulo ya Wilmington motsogozedwa ndi William Prickett wodziwika bwino waku Republican ndipo, pambuyo pake adati, "ndimadziona ngati waku Republican". Sanakonde wolamulira wa Democratic Delaware yemwe anali bwanamkubwa Charles L. Terry ndi ndale zotsatizana ndi tsankho ndipo anathandizira wa Republican womasuka kwambiri, Russell W. Peterson, yemwe anagonjetsa Terry mu 1968.  A Biden adalembetsedwa ndi aku Republican akomweko koma adalembetsedwa ngati Wodziyimira pawokha chifukwa chosadana ndi woyimira pulezidenti waku Republican Richard Nixon. 
+
+Mu 1969, a Biden adachita zamalamulo, poyamba ngati woteteza anthu ndipo kenako pakampani yotsogozedwa ndi wa Democrat wokhazikika komweko  yemwe adamutcha ku Democratic Forum, gulu lomwe likuyesera kusintha ndikutsitsimutsa chipani cha boma;  Pambuyo pake a Biden adalembetsanso kukhala Democrat. Iye ndi loya wina anapanganso kampani ya zamalamulo. Komabe, malamulo akampani sanamusangalatse, ndipo malamulo ophwanya malamulo sanapereke bwino.Anawonjezera ndalama zake poyang'anira katundu. 
+
+Mu 1970, a Biden adathamangira mpando wachigawo cha 4 pa New Castle County Council pabwalo laufulu lomwe limaphatikizapo kuthandizira nyumba za anthu m'matawuni. Mpandowo udachitikira ndi Republican Henry R. Folsom, yemwe anali kuthamanga mu 5th District kutsatira kugawidwanso kwa zigawo za khonsolo.Biden adapambana zisankho zazikulu pogonjetsa Lawrence T. Messick waku Republican, ndipo adatenga udindo pa Januware 5, 1971. Adagwira ntchito mpaka Januware 1, 1973, ndipo adalowa m'malo ndi Democrat Francis R. Swift.  Munthawi yake pa khonsolo ya boma, a Biden adatsutsa ntchito zazikulu zamisewu yayikulu, zomwe adati zitha kusokoneza madera a Wilmington.
+
+Nkhani yayikulu: Chisankho cha Senate ya 1972 ku United States ku Delaware 
+Mu 1972, a Biden adagonjetsa mtsogoleri waku Republican a J. Caleb Boggs kuti akhale senate wamkulu waku US kuchokera ku Delaware. Iye anali Democrat yekhayo amene anali wokonzeka kutsutsa a Boggs, ndipo ndi ndalama zochepa za kampeni, sanapatsidwe mwayi wopambana.  Achibale anakwanitsa ndi ogwira ntchito ndawala, amene anadalira kukumana ovota maso ndi maso ndi manja kugawira udindo mapepala,  njira anapangidwa zotheka ndi Delaware aang'ono kukula. Analandira thandizo kuchokera ku AFL-CIO komanso wofufuza za Democratic Patrick Caddell.  Pulatifomu yake imayang'ana kwambiri za chilengedwe, kuchoka ku Vietnam, ufulu wachibadwidwe, mayendedwe ambiri, misonkho yofanana, chisamaliro chaumoyo, komanso kusakhutira ndi "ndale monga mwanthawi zonse". Miyezi ingapo chisankho chisanachitike, a Biden adatsata a Boggs ndi pafupifupi maperesenti makumi atatu, koma mphamvu zake, banja laling'ono lowoneka bwino, komanso kuthekera kolumikizana ndi malingaliro a ovota zidamupindulitsa ndipo adapambana ndi 50.5 peresenti ya ovota. voti. Pa nthawi ya chisankho chake, anali ndi zaka 29, koma anafika zaka 30 zomwe malamulo amafunikira asanalumbiridwe kukhala Senator.
+
+Imfa ya mkazi ndi mwana wamkazi 
+Pa Disembala 18, 1972, patatha milungu ingapo Biden atasankhidwa kukhala senator, mkazi wake Neilia ndi mwana wamkazi wazaka chimodzi Naomi adaphedwa pa ngozi yagalimoto pomwe amagula Khrisimasi ku Hockessin, Delaware.  Sitima yapamtunda ya Neilia idagundidwa ndi lole ya semi-trailer pomwe amatuluka pamzerewu.
+
+Ukwati wachiwiri 
+Biden adakumana ndi mphunzitsi Jill Tracy Jacobs mu 1975 pa tsiku lakhungu.  Anakwatirana ku Chapel ya United Nations ku New York pa June 17, 1977. Iwo adakhala paukwati wawo ku Lake Balaton ku Hungarian People's Republic. Biden amamuyamikira chifukwa choyambiranso kukonda ndale komanso moyo. Iwo ndi Akatolika ndipo amapita ku Misa ku St. Joseph's pa Brandywine ku Greenville, Delaware. Mwana wawo wamkazi Ashley Biden (wobadwa 1981) ndi wothandiza anthu. Iye anakwatiwa ndi dokotala Howard Krein.  Beau Biden adakhala Woweruza Wankhondo ku Iraq ndipo pambuyo pake Delaware Attorney General asanamwalire ndi khansa ya muubongo mu 2015. Hunter Biden ndi wothandizira ku Washington komanso mlangizi wazachuma.
+
+Kuphunzitsa 
+Kuyambira 1991 mpaka 2008, monga pulofesa wothandizira, a Biden adaphunzitsanso semina yokhudzana ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino ku Widener University School of Law. Nthawi zambiri seminayi inali ndi mndandanda wodikira. Nthawi zina a Biden ankawuluka kuchokera kutsidya lina kukaphunzitsa kalasi.
+
+Senate ya US (1973-2009) 
+Nkhani yayikulu: Ntchito ya Senate yaku US ya Joe Biden
+
+Mu Januwale 1973, mlembi wa Senate Francis R. Valeo analumbirira Biden ku Delaware Division ya Wilmington Medical Center.  Analipo ana ake aamuna a Beau (omwe mwendo wake udalipobe chifukwa cha ngozi yagalimoto) ndi Hunter ndi achibale ena.  Ali ndi zaka 30, anali senator wachisanu ndi chimodzi wochepera kwambiri m'mbiri ya U.S..
+
+Kuwona ana ake aamuna, Biden adayenda pa sitima yapamtunda pakati pa nyumba yake ya Delaware ndi D.C.
+
+M'zaka zake zoyambirira ku Nyumba ya Senate, Biden adangoyang'ana kwambiri zachitetezo cha ogula komanso zovuta zachilengedwe ndipo adapempha kuti boma liziyankha mokulirapo. Mu kuyankhulana kwa 1974, adadzifotokozera kuti anali womasuka pa ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu, nkhawa za anthu akuluakulu ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo koma wosamala pazinthu zina, kuphatikizapo kuchotsa mimba ndi kulowa usilikali.
+
+M'zaka zake khumi zoyambirira ku Senate, a Biden adangoyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera zida. Congress italephera kuvomereza Pangano la SALT II lomwe linasainidwa mu 1979 ndi mlembi wamkulu wa Soviet Leonid Brezhnev ndi Purezidenti Jimmy Carter, a Biden adakumana ndi Nduna Yowona Zakunja ku Soviet Andrei Gromyko kuti alankhule nkhawa zaku America ndikupeza zosintha zomwe zidakhudza zomwe Komiti ya Senate Yachilendo Yachilendo idatsutsa. Pamene akuluakulu a Reagan ankafuna kutanthauzira pangano la 1972 SALT I momasuka kuti alole chitukuko cha Strategic Defense Initiative, a Biden adatsutsa kuti panganoli litsatidwe kwambiri. Analandira chidwi chachikulu pamene adakondwera ndi Mlembi wa boma George Shultz pamsonkhano wa Senate kuti athandizidwe ndi bungwe la Reagan ku South Africa ngakhale kuti akupitirizabe kutsatira ndondomeko ya tsankho.
+
+Biden adakhala membala wocheperako wa Senate Judiciary Committee mu 1981. Omutsatira anamuyamikira chifukwa chosintha zina mwa malamulo oipa kwambiri, ndipo chinali chinthu chofunika kwambiri chimene anachita pamalamulo mpaka nthawi imeneyo. Mu 1994, a Biden adathandizira kupititsa lamulo la Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti Biden Crime Law, lomwe limaphatikizapo kuletsa zida zomenya, ndi Violence Against Women Act, yomwe adachita. adatcha lamulo lake lofunika kwambiri. Lamulo laupandu la 1994 silinali lodziwika pakati pa omwe akupita patsogolo ndipo adadzudzulidwa chifukwa chotsekeredwa m'ndende;  mu 2019, a Biden adatcha gawo lake popereka lamuloli "kulakwitsa kwakukulu", kutchula mfundo zake pa crack cocaine ndikuti biluyo. "anatsekera m'badwo wonse".
+
+Mu 1993, a Biden adavotera gawo lomwe likuwona kuti kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikukugwirizana ndi moyo wankhondo, motero amaletsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kugwira ntchito zankhondo. Mu 1996, adavotera lamulo la Defense of Marriage Act, lomwe limaletsa boma kuti livomereze maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, potero amaletsa anthu omwe ali m'mabanja otere kuti asatetezedwe mofanana ndi malamulo a federal ndikulola mayiko kuchita chimodzimodzi. Mu 2015, mchitidwewu unagamulidwa kuti ndi wosemphana ndi malamulo pa mlandu wa Obergefell v. Hodges.
+
+Kutsutsana ndi basi 
+M'kati mwa zaka za m'ma 1970, Biden anali m'modzi mwa otsutsa kwambiri a Senate pamabasi ophatikiza mitundu. Anthu ake a ku Delaware anatsutsa kwambiri izi, ndipo kutsutsa kotereku dziko lonse pambuyo pake kunachititsa kuti chipani chake chisiye kwambiri mfundo zophatikizira sukulu.[ Mu kampeni yake yoyamba ya Senate, a Biden adawonetsa kuthandizira mabasi kuti athetse tsankho, monga kumwera, koma adatsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuthetsa tsankho lobwera chifukwa cha mitundu ya anthu okhala moyandikana, monga ku Delaware; anatsutsa zosintha malamulo oletsa mabasi kotheratu. 
+
+Mu Meyi 1974, a Biden adavota kuti apereke lingaliro lomwe linali ndi ziganizo zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabasiketi komanso zotsutsana ndi kusagwirizana koma pambuyo pake adavotera mtundu wosinthidwa womwe uli ndi ziyeneretso zomwe sizinali cholinga chofooketsa mphamvu za oweruza kuti akhazikitse 5th Amendment ndi 14th Amendment.] Mu 1975, iye anachirikiza lingaliro limene likadalepheretsa Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo, Maphunziro, ndi Ufulu kuti asadule ndalama za federal ku zigawo zomwe zinakana kuphatikizira; nzeru” ndi kuti kutsutsa kwake kukanapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kwa aufulu ena kutsatira zomwezo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo anathandizira zoyesayesa zokhuza nyumba, mwayi wa ntchito ndi ufulu wovota. Biden adathandizira gawo lina [liti?] loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za federal kunyamula ophunzira kupita kusukulu yomwe ili pafupi nawo. Mu 1977, adathandizira kusinthako komwe kutsekereza zopinga zomwe Purezidenti Carter adasaina kukhala lamulo mu 1978.
+
+Maopaleshoni aubongo 
+Mu February 1988, pambuyo pa magawo angapo a ululu wa m'khosi, a Biden adatengedwa ndi ambulansi kupita ku Walter Reed Army Medical Center kuti akachite opareshoni kuti akonze kutha kwa mabulosi am'magazi. Pamene anali kuchira, anadwala pulmonary embolism, vuto lalikulu. Aneurysm yachiwiri itakonzedwanso mu Meyi,  kuchira kwa Biden kunamupangitsa kuti asachoke ku Senate kwa miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.
+
+Komiti ya Senate Judiciary 
+Biden anali membala wakale wa Senate Committee on Judiciary. Adakhala wapampando kuyambira 1987 mpaka 1995 ndipo anali membala wocheperako kuyambira 1981 mpaka 1987 komanso kuyambira 1995 mpaka 1997.
+
+Monga wapampando, a Biden adatsogolera milandu iwiri yotsutsana kwambiri ndi Khothi Lalikulu ku US. Robert Bork atasankhidwa mu 1988, a Biden adasinthiratu kuvomera - komwe adapereka poyankhulana chaka chatha - pakusankhidwa kwa Bork. Conservatives adakwiya, koma pamilandu yomwe ili pafupi ndi Biden adayamikiridwa chifukwa chachilungamo, nthabwala, komanso kulimba mtima kwake.  Pokana zotsutsana za otsutsa ena a Bork, Biden adayika zotsutsa zake ku Bork malinga ndi mkangano womwe ulipo pakati pa zomwe Bork anali nazo komanso lingaliro lakuti Constitution ya US imapereka ufulu waufulu ndi zinsinsi kuposa zomwe zalembedwa m'mawu ake. Kusankhidwa kwa Bork kunakanidwa mu komiti ndi mavoti 9-5 ndiyeno mu Senate yonse, 58-42.
+
+Pamisonkhano yosankhidwa ndi a Clarence Thomas mu 1991, mafunso a Biden pankhani zamalamulo nthawi zambiri amasokonekera mpaka Thomas nthawi zina amawasowa,  ndipo Thomas pambuyo pake adalemba kuti mafunso a Biden anali ofanana ndi "mipira ya nyemba". Msonkhano wa komitiyo utatsekedwa, anthu adamva kuti Anita Hill, pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Oklahoma pasukulu ya zamalamulo, adadzudzula Thomas chifukwa cholankhula zosagwirizana ndi kugonana pamene adagwira ntchito limodzi. Biden adadziwa zina mwa milanduyi, koma poyambirira adangogawana ndi komitiyi chifukwa Hill panthawiyo sanafune kuchitira umboni. Mlandu wa komitiyo udatsegulidwanso ndipo Hill adachitira umboni, koma a Biden sanalole umboni wa mboni zina, monga mayi yemwe adaimbanso milandu yofananira ndi akatswiri ozunza, ponena kuti akufuna kusunga zinsinsi za a Thomas komanso ulemu wawo.  Senate yathunthu idatsimikizira a Thomas ndi mavoti 52-48, pomwe a Biden adatsutsa. Oyimira zamalamulo omasuka komanso magulu azimai adamva kwambiri kuti a Biden sanayendetse bwino milanduyo ndipo sanachite mokwanira kuthandizira Hill. Pambuyo pake a Biden adafunafuna amayi kuti azigwira ntchito mu Komiti Yoweruza ndipo adagogomezera nkhani za amayi pazotsatira zamalamulo za komitiyi. Mu 2019, adauza Hill kuti adanong'oneza bondo chifukwa cha zomwe adamuchitira, koma Hill adati pambuyo pake sanakhutire. 
+
+Biden adadzudzula Phungu Wodziyimira pawokha Ken Starr panthawi ya mkangano wa Whitewater wa m'ma 1990 komanso kafukufuku wamwano a Lewinsky, ponena kuti "kudzakhala tsiku lozizira ku gehena" uphungu wina wodziyimira payekha asanapatsidwe mphamvu zofanana. Iye adavota kuti akhululukidwe pa nthawi ya kutsutsidwa.
+
+Senate Foreign Relations Committee 
+Senator Biden amatsagana ndi Purezidenti Clinton ndi akuluakulu ena ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Disembala 1997
+
+Biden anali membala wakale wa Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Adakhala membala wawo ochepa mu 1997 ndipo adayitsogolera kuyambira June 2001 mpaka 2003 ndi 2007 mpaka 2009. Maudindo ake nthawi zambiri anali okonda mayiko ena.  Anagwirizana bwino ndi aku Republican ndipo nthawi zina amatsutsana ndi zipani zake. Panthawiyi anakumana ndi atsogoleri osachepera 150 ochokera m'mayiko 60 ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse, kukhala mawu odziwika bwino a demokalase pa mfundo zakunja. 
+
+Biden adavotera motsutsana ndi chilolezo cha Gulf War mu 1991,  akugwirizana ndi 45 mwa maseneta 55 a Democratic; iye anati dziko la U.S. linali kusenza pafupifupi zolemetsa zonse mumgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Iraq.
+
+A Biden adachita chidwi ndi Nkhondo za Yugoslavia atamva za nkhanza zaku Serbia pa Nkhondo Yodziyimira pawokha yaku Croatia mu 1991. Nkhondo ya ku Bosnia itayambika, a Biden anali m'gulu la oyamba kuyitanitsa lamulo loti "kwezani ndikumenyeni" kuchotsa zida zankhondo, kuphunzitsa Asilamu aku Bosnia ndikuwathandizira ndi kuwukira kwa ndege ku NATO, ndikufufuza milandu yankhondo. Oyang'anira a George H. W. Bush ndi a Clinton onse sanafune kutsatira mfundoyi, kuopa kulowerera ku Balkan. Mu Epulo 1993, a Biden adakhala sabata ku Balkan ndipo adachita msonkhano wovuta wa maola atatu ndi mtsogoleri waku Serbia Slobodan Milošević.  Biden adati adauza Milošević, "Ndikuganiza kuti ndiwe chigawenga chachikulu ndipo uyenera kuzengedwa mlandu." 
+
+Biden adalemba zosintha mu 1992 kuti akakamize olamulira a Bush kuti athandize Asilamu aku Bosnia, koma adayimitsa mu 1994 kuti asinthe pang'ono pomwe olamulira a Clinton adakonda, asadasaine chaka chotsatira kuti achitepo kanthu mwamphamvu mothandizidwa ndi a Bob Dole ndi a Joe Lieberman. 139] Kutenganaku kudapangitsa kuti NATO igwire bwino ntchito yosunga mtendere. A Biden adatcha gawo lake pakusintha mfundo za ku Balkans chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990 "nthawi yake yodzikuza kwambiri pa moyo wapagulu" yokhudzana ndi mfundo zakunja. 
+
+Monga wapampando, a Biden adathandizira kulimbikitsa akuluakulu a Clinton kuti apereke chuma ndi likulu la ndale kuti athandize zomwe zidakhala Pangano Lachisanu Labwino la 1998 pakati pa maboma a Ireland ndi United Kingdom kudzera mundondomeko yamtendere yaku Northern Ireland.
+
+Pa Seputembara 3, 1998, woyang'anira zida za UN yemwe adasiya ntchito a Scott Ritter, malinga ndi Barton Gellman, adadzudzula bungwe la Clinton kuti laletsa kuyendera zida ku Iraq. A Biden adalumikizana ndi ena ambiri a Senate Democrats ndipo "adakulitsa kuukira kwa oyang'anira Clinton motsutsana ndi yemwe anali woyang'anira zida za UN a Scott Ritter." Adafunsa ngati a Ritter akuyesera "kuyenerera mphamvu" yosankha nthawi yoti ayambitse gulu lankhondo ku Iraq", ndipo adati Mlembi wa boma akuyeneranso kuganizira malingaliro a ogwirizana, UNSC, ndi malingaliro a anthu. , asanayambe kuchitapo kanthu ku Iraq.  Mu Washington Post op-ed kumapeto kwa mwezi womwewo, a Biden adadzudzula "ndondomeko yolimbana" koma adayamika lingaliro lofunsa ngati kulowererapo kungakhale kofunikira nthawi ina, ngakhale adati "zinali pamwamba pa malipiro" a zida chimodzi. woyang'anira.
+
+Mu 1999, pankhondo ya Kosovo, a Biden adathandizira kuphulitsa kwa bomba kwa NATO ku FR Yugoslavia mu 1999.  Iye ndi Senator John McCain adathandizira nawo McCain-Biden Kosovo Resolution, yomwe idapempha Clinton kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zonse zofunika, kuphatikiza asitikali apansi panthaka, kulimbana ndi Milošević pakuchitapo kanthu kwa Yugoslavia motsutsana ndi mafuko aku Albania ku Kosovo.
+
+Nkhondo ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq 
+Nkhani yaikulu: Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga
+
+Biden anali wochirikiza kwambiri Nkhondo ku Afghanistan, nati, "Chilichonse chomwe chingatenge, tiyenera kuchita."Monga mkulu wa Komiti ya Senate Foreign Relations Committee, adanena mu 2002 kuti pulezidenti wa Iraq Saddam Hussein anali woopseza dziko. chitetezo ndipo panalibe njira ina koma "kuthetsa" chiwopsezo chimenecho. Mu Okutobala 2002, adavota mokomera Chilolezo cha Kugwiritsa Ntchito Gulu Lankhondo Lolimbana ndi Iraq, kuvomereza Kuukira kwa U.S. ku Iraq.  Monga wapampando wa komitiyi, adasonkhanitsa mboni zingapo kuti zipereke umboni mokomera chilolezocho. Iwo anapereka umboni wotsutsa kwambiri cholinga, mbiri yakale, ndi udindo wa Saddam ndi boma lake ladziko, lomwe linali mdani wodziwika wa al-Qaeda, ndikuwonetsa kuti Iraq inali ndi Weapon yopeka.
+
+Pofika kumapeto kwa 2006, malingaliro a Biden adasintha kwambiri. Iye anatsutsa kuchuluka kwa asilikali mu 2007,  kunena kuti General David Petraeus anali "wakufa, wolakwa kwambiri" pokhulupirira kuti opaleshoniyo ikhoza kugwira ntchito. M'malo mwake a Biden adalimbikitsa kugawa dziko la Iraq kukhala chitaganya chotayirira cha mayiko atatu.  Mu November 2006, a Biden ndi a Leslie H. Gelb, pulezidenti yemwe anatuluka mu Council on Foreign Relations, anatulutsa njira yothetsa ziwawa zamagulu ku Iraq. M'malo mopitiriza njira yomwe ilipo kapena kuchoka, dongosololi linafuna "njira yachitatu": kugwirizanitsa Iraq ndi kupatsa Akurds, Shiites, ndi Sunni "malo opumira" m'madera awo. Mu Seputembala 2007, chigamulo chosamangirira chovomereza dongosololi chidadutsa Senate, koma lingalirolo linali lachilendo, linalibe gawo la ndale, ndipo linalephera kukopa chidwi. Utsogoleri wa ndale ku Iraq udadzudzula chigamulochi ngati kugawa dzikolo, ndipo kazembe wa U.S. ku Baghdad adatulutsa mawu odzipatula kwa iwo. Mu Meyi 2008, a Biden adadzudzula kwambiri zomwe Purezidenti George W. Bush adalankhula ku Knesset ya Israeli pomwe Bush adafanizira ma Democrats ndi atsogoleri aku Western omwe adakondweretsa Hitler nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse isanachitike; Biden adatcha mawuwo "bullshit", "malarkey", ndi "zokwiyitsa". Kenako anapepesa chifukwa cha chinenero chake.
+
+Makampeni a Purezidenti a 1988 ndi 2008
+
+1988 kampeni 
+Nkhani yayikulu: kampeni ya Purezidenti Joe Biden 1988
+
+Biden adalengeza kuti adzasankhidwa kukhala Purezidenti wa Democratic mu 1988 pa June 9, 1987.  Ankaonedwa kuti ndi munthu wolimba mtima chifukwa cha chifaniziro chake chochepa, luso lake loyankhula, udindo wake wapamwamba monga wapampando wa Senate Judiciary Committee pamsonkhano womwe ukubwera wa Robert Bork Supreme Court, komanso apilo yake kwa Baby Boomers; akanakhala wachiwiri-wamng'ono kusankhidwa pulezidenti, pambuyo John F. Kennedy.Adakweza kwambiri kotala yoyamba ya 1987 kuposa wina aliyense.
+
+Pofika mu Ogasiti mauthenga a kampeni yake anali atasokonezeka chifukwa cha mikangano ya ogwira ntchito, ndipo mu Seputembala, adayimbidwa mlandu wolankhulidwa ndi mtsogoleri wa chipani cha British Labor Neil Kinnock. Zolankhula za Biden zinali ndi mizere yofananira yokhala munthu woyamba m'banja lake kupita ku yunivesite. Biden adanenanso kuti Kinnock ndiye adapanga zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu,  koma sanatero kawiri kumapeto kwa Ogasiti. amuna awiriwa anakumana mu 1988, kupanga ubwenzi wokhalitsa. 
+
+Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chimenecho adagwiritsanso ntchito ndime zochokera m'mawu a 1967 a Robert F. Kennedy (omwe omuthandizira ake adamuimba mlandu) ndi mawu achidule ochokera ku adilesi yotsegulira ya John F. Kennedy; zaka ziwiri m'mbuyomo adagwiritsa ntchito ndime ya 1976 ya Hubert Humphrey.  A Biden adayankha kuti andale nthawi zambiri amabwereka wina ndi mnzake osapereka ngongole, komanso kuti m'modzi mwa omwe amapikisana naye pa chisankhocho, a Jesse Jackson, adamuyitana kuti amuuze kuti iye (Jackson) adagwiritsanso ntchito zomwezo za Humphrey zomwe Biden adagwiritsa ntchito. 21 
+
+Patatha masiku angapo, chochitika kusukulu ya zamalamulo pomwe a Biden adajambula mawu kuchokera munkhani ya Fordham Law Review yokhala ndi mawu osakwanira adalengezedwa.  Anafunika kubwereza maphunzirowo ndipo anakhoza bwino kwambiri. Pa pempho la a Biden, a Board of Professional Responsibility a Khothi Lalikulu la Delaware adawunikiranso zomwe zinachitikazo ndipo adatsimikiza kuti sanaphwanye malamulo aliwonse.
+
+Biden wanena zambiri zabodza kapena kukokomeza za ubwana wake: kuti adapeza madigiri atatu ku koleji, kuti adapita kusukulu ya zamalamulo pamaphunziro athunthu, kuti adamaliza maphunziro ake apamwamba kwambiri,  ndiponso kuti anaguba mu gulu lomenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe. Kuchepa kwa nkhani zina zokhuza mpikisano wapurezidenti kudakulitsa zoululira izi ndipo pa Seputembara 23, 1987, a Biden adasiya kuyimira, ponena kuti zidachulukidwa ndi "mthunzi wokokomeza" wa zolakwa zake zakale.
+
+2008 kampeni 
+Atawona kuthekera kopambana m'mipikisano ingapo yam'mbuyomu, mu Januware 2007, a Biden adalengeza kuti adzayimirira pazisankho za 2008. Panthawi ya kampeni, a Biden adayang'ana kwambiri za Nkhondo yaku Iraq, mbiri yake ngati wapampando wa makomiti akulu a Senate, komanso zomwe adakumana nazo pazandale. Pakati pa chaka cha 2007, a Biden adatsindika ukadaulo wake wamalamulo akunja poyerekeza ndi a Obama. Biden adadziwika chifukwa cha omwe adapanga nawo nthawi ya kampeni; mumkangano umodzi adati za woyimira Republican Rudy Giuliani: "Pali zinthu zitatu zokha zomwe amatchulamo.
+
+A Biden anali ndi vuto lopeza ndalama, amavutika kukokera anthu kumisonkhano yake, ndipo adalephera kukopa chidwi cha omwe anali a Obama ndi Senator Hillary Clinton Sanakwezepo manambala amodzi pamavoti adziko lonse a demokalase. Pampikisano woyamba pa Januware 3, 2008, a Biden adakhala pachisanu pamisonkhano ya ku Iowa, adapeza ocheperako pang'ono peresenti ya nthumwi za boma. Iye anatuluka pa mpikisanowu usiku umenewo
+
+Ngakhale sizinachite bwino, kampeni ya a Biden ya 2008 idakweza kukula kwake pazandale. : 336  Makamaka, zidasintha ubale pakati pa Biden ndi Obama. Ngakhale adatumikira limodzi mu komiti ya Senate Foreign Relations Committee, anali asanakhalepo pafupi: Biden adanyansidwa ndi kukwera kwachangu kwa Obama pazandale,  pomwe a Obama amawona a Biden ngati wodekha komanso wokonda.:  28, 337– 338  Atadziwana mchaka cha 2007, Obama adayamikira machitidwe a Biden ndikukopa ovota ogwira ntchito, ndipo a Biden adati adatsimikiza kuti Obama ndiye "mgwirizano weniweni".
+
+2008 kampeni wachiwiri kwa purezidenti 
+Zolemba zazikulu: kampeni yapurezidenti ya Barack Obama 2008 komanso kusankha kwa wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti wa Democratic Party mu 2008
+
+Biden amalankhula pa Ogasiti 23, 2008, chilengezo cha Purezidenti ku Old State Capitol ku Springfield, Illinois.
+
+A Biden atangotuluka pa mpikisano wapurezidenti, a Obama adamuuza mwachinsinsi kuti akufuna kupeza malo ofunikira a Biden muulamuliro wake. Kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, a Obama ndi a Biden adakumana mobisa kuti akambirane zomwe zingatheke, ndipo adapanga ubale wamphamvu. Pa Ogasiti 22, 2008, a Obama adalengeza kuti Biden adzakhala mnzake wopikisana naye.  Nyuzipepala ya New York Times inanena kuti njira imene anasankha ikusonyeza kuti akufuna kudzaza tikitiyo ndi munthu amene ali ndi mfundo za mayiko ena komanso chitetezo cha dziko. Ena adawonetsa chidwi cha Biden kwa ovota apakati komanso abuluu. Biden adasankhidwa kukhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti pa Ogasiti 27 ndi voti ya mawu pa Msonkhano Wachigawo wa Democratic National ku Denver wa 2008. 
+
+Kampeni ya wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa a Biden sanapeze chidwi ndi atolankhani, pomwe atolankhani adapereka nkhani zambiri kwa omwe adasankhidwa ku Republican, Bwanamkubwa waku Alaska Sarah Palin. Motsogozedwa ndi kampeniyi, a Biden adasunga zolankhula zake mosapita m'mbali ndikuyesera kupewa zonena zabodza, monga zomwe ananena za kuyesedwa kwa Obama ndi mayiko akunja atangotenga udindo, zomwe zidakopa chidwi.  Mwachinsinsi, zonena za Biden zidakhumudwitsa Obama. "Kodi Biden amalankhula zopusa kangati?" adafunsa. :  411-414, 419  Ogwira ntchito ku kampeni ku Obama adatcha zolakwika za Biden "mabomba a Joe" ndikusunga Biden kuti asadziwe za zokambirana zamalingaliro, zomwe zidakwiyitsa Biden.Ubale pakati pa makampeni awiriwa udasokonekera kwa mwezi umodzi, mpaka a Biden adapepesa poyimbira a Obama ndipo awiriwa adapanga mgwirizano wolimba.
+
+Pamene mavuto azachuma a 2007-2010 adafika pachimake chifukwa chavuto lazachuma mu Seputembara 2008 komanso kubwezeredwa kwachuma ku United States kudakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pantchitoyi, a Biden adavotera $700 biliyoni Emergency Economic Stabilization Act ya 2008, yomwe. adadutsa mu Senate, 74-25. Pa October 2, 2008, adachita nawo mkangano wa Vice-Presidenti ndi Palin pa yunivesite ya Washington ku St. Kafukufuku waposachedwa adapeza kuti pomwe Palin adapitilira zomwe ovota ambiri amayembekezera, a Biden adapambana mkangano wonse.M'dziko lonselo, a Biden anali ndi 60% yabwino pa kafukufuku wa Pew Research Center, poyerekeza ndi 44% ya Palin.
+
+Pa Novembala 4, 2008, a Obama ndi a Biden adasankhidwa ndi 53% ya mavoti otchuka komanso mavoti 365 kwa a McCain-Palin mavoti 173.
+
+Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti (2009-2017) 
+A Biden adati akufuna kuchotsa maudindo omwe wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa George W. Bush, a Dick Cheney, ndipo sanafune kutsanzira wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti. Iye anali wapampando wa gulu la kusintha kwa Obama ndipo anatsogolera njira yopititsa patsogolo chuma chapakati pachuma.Kumayambiriro kwa Januware 2009, pomaliza kukhala wapampando wa Komiti Yowona Zakunja, adayendera atsogoleri a Iraq, Afghanistan ndi Pakistan,  ndipo pa Januware 20 adalumbiritsidwa ngati wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wa 47 ku United States —wachiwiri kwa pulezidenti woyamba ku Delaware  komanso wachiwiri kwa purezidenti woyamba wa Roma Katolika.
+
+Posakhalitsa a Obama adafanizira Biden ndi wosewera mpira wa basketball "yemwe amachita zinthu zambiri zomwe sizimawonekera pamasamba". M'mwezi wa Meyi, a Biden adapita ku Kosovo ndikutsimikizira momwe US ​​ilili kuti "ufulu wake sungathe kusinthidwa". Biden adataya mkangano wamkati kwa Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wokhudza kutumiza asitikali atsopano 21,000 ku Afghanistan, koma kukayikira kwake kunali kofunikira,  ndipo mu 2009, malingaliro a Biden adakula kwambiri pomwe Obama adaganiziranso njira yake yaku Afghanistan.  Biden ankapita ku Iraq pafupifupi miyezi iwiri iliyonse,  anakhala mtsogoleri wa akuluakulu aboma popereka mauthenga kwa atsogoleri aku Iraq okhudza kupita patsogolo komwe kukuyembekezeka kumeneko. Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'anira malamulo a Iraq kunakhala udindo wa a Biden: A Obama ankanenedwa kuti, "Joe, umachita Iraq."  Biden adati Iraq "ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwazochita zazikulu za kayendetsedwe kake". Ulendo wake wopita ku Iraq mu Januwale 2010 mkati mwa chipwirikiti chokhudza anthu omwe anali oletsedwa pa chisankho cha aphungu a ku Iraq chomwe chikubwerachi chinapangitsa kuti anthu 59 mwa mazana angapo abwezeretsedwe ndi boma la Iraq patatha masiku awiri. Pofika mchaka cha 2012, a Biden anali atapanga maulendo asanu ndi atatu kumeneko, koma kuyang'anira kwake kwa mfundo za US ku Iraq kunachepa ndi kutuluka kwa asitikali aku US mu 2011. 
+
+Purezidenti Obama athokoza a Biden chifukwa cha gawo lake popanga ngongole zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale Budget Control Act ya 2011.
+
+Biden amayang'anira ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma kuchokera ku pulogalamu yolimbikitsira ya Obama yomwe cholinga chake ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi kugwa kwachuma komwe kukuchitika. Panthawiyi, a Biden adakhutitsidwa kuti palibe ziwopsezo zazikulu kapena katangale zomwe zidachitika, ndipo atamaliza udindowu mu February 2011, adati kuchuluka kwazachinyengo zomwe zachitika ndi ndalama zolimbikitsira zidakhala zosakwana 1 peresenti.
+
+Chakumapeto kwa Epulo 2009, kuyankha kwa Biden ku funso lomwe lidayamba kufalikira kwa chimfine cha nkhumba, kuti angalangize achibale ake kuti asayende pandege kapena njanji zapansi panthaka, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti a White House abwererenso mwachangu. Mawuwa adatsitsimutsanso mbiri ya Biden ya ma gaffes.  Poyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ulova mpaka Julayi 2009, a Biden adavomereza kuti akuluakulu aboma "sanawerenge molakwika momwe chuma chinaliri" koma adakhalabe ndi chidaliro kuti njira zolimbikitsira zitha kuyambitsa ntchito zinanso ndalama zikadzakwera.Pa Marichi 23, 2010, maikolofoni adanyamula a Biden ndikuuza Purezidenti kuti kusaina kwake Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act kunali "chovuta kwambiri" pawailesi yakanema mdziko muno. Ngakhale anali umunthu wosiyana, a Obama ndi a Biden adapanga ubwenzi, womwe unakhazikitsidwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa Obama, Sasha ndi mdzukulu wa Biden Maisy, omwe adaphunzira limodzi ku Sidwell Friends School.
+
+Biden paulendo wopita ku Baghdad 
+Mamembala a Obama ati udindo wa a Biden mu White House ndi kukhala wotsutsana ndi kukakamiza ena kuteteza maudindo awo. Rahm Emanuel, wamkulu wa ogwira ntchito ku White House, adati Biden adathandizira kuganiza kwamagulu.  Mlembi wa atolankhani ku White House a Jay Carney, yemwe anali woyang'anira zolumikizirana ku Biden, adati a Biden adasewera "munthu woyipa mu Situation Room". Mlangizi wina wamkulu wa Obama adati a Biden "nthawi zonse amakhala wokonzeka kukhala skunk pa pikiniki yabanja kuwonetsetsa kuti ndife owona mtima momwe tingathere." Obama adati, "Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chokhudza Joe ndichakuti tikasonkhanitsa aliyense, amakakamizadi anthu kuganiza ndi kuteteza udindo wawo, kuyang'ana zinthu kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa ine." A Biden adakhala momasuka kunyumba kwawo ku Washington, nthawi zambiri kusangalatsa adzukulu awo, ndi nthawi zonse ankabwerera kwawo ku Delaware.
+
+A Biden adalimbikitsa kwambiri ma Democrats mu zisankho zapakati pa 2010, kukhalabe ndi chiyembekezo poyang'anizana ndi kulosera kwakuti chipanichi chidzaluza kwakukulu. Kutsatira kupindula kwakukulu kwa Republican pachisankho komanso kuchoka kwa mkulu wa ogwira ntchito ku White House a Rahm Emanuel, ubale wam'mbuyomu wa Biden ndi aku Republican ku Congress udakhala wofunikira kwambiri. Anatsogolera ntchito yoyendetsa bwino kuti apeze chivomerezo cha Senate.
+
+Mu Marichi 2011, a Obama adapatsa a Biden kuti atsogolere zokambirana ndi Congress kuti athetse ndalama zomwe boma lidawononga kwa chaka chonsecho ndikupewa kutseka kwa boma. Pofika Meyi 2011, gulu la "Biden panel" lomwe lili ndi mamembala asanu ndi limodzi a Congress anali kuyesera kuti afikire mgwirizano wamayiko awiri okweza ngongole zaku US monga gawo la dongosolo lonse lochepetsera chipereŵero.  Ngongole zaku US zidakula m'miyezi ingapo yotsatira, koma ubale wa a Biden ndi McConnell udawonetsanso chinsinsi pakuthetsa mkangano ndikubweretsa mgwirizano kuti athetse, monga lamulo la Budget Control Act la 2011, losainidwa pa Ogasiti 2, 2011. , tsiku lomwelo kusakhulupirika kosayembekezereka kwa U.S. kudachitika.  A Biden adakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa aliyense muulamuliro akukambirana ndi Congress pa funso langongole,  ndipo wogwira ntchito ku Republican adati, "Biden ndi munthu yekhayo amene ali ndi ulamuliro wokambirana, ndipo [McConnell] akudziwa kuti mawu ake ndi abwino. chinali chinsinsi cha mgwirizano."
+
+Biden, Obama ndi gulu lachitetezo cha dziko adasonkhana mu White House Situation Room kuti awone momwe ntchito ya May 2011 yopha Osama bin Laden ikuyendera.
+
+Malipoti ena akusonyeza kuti a Biden anatsutsa kupitiriza ndi cholinga cha Meyi 2011 ku US chopha Osama bin Laden,  kuopa kulephera kusokoneza chiyembekezo cha Obama kuti asankhidwenso. Iye adatsogolera podziwitsa atsogoleri a Congression za zotsatira zopambana.
+
+Kusankhidwanso 
+Nkhani yayikulu: kampeni ya Purezidenti wa 2012 ya Barack Obama
+
+Mu Okutobala 2010, a Biden adati a Obama adamupempha kuti akhalebe ngati mnzake womuyimira pazisankho zapurezidenti wa 2012, koma kutchuka kwa Obama kukucheperachepera, Chief of Staff ku White House William M. Daley adachita kafukufuku wachinsinsi komanso kafukufuku wamagulu. kumapeto kwa 2011 pa lingaliro lolowa m'malo mwa Biden pa tikiti ndi Hillary Clinton. Lingaliroli lidathetsedwa pomwe zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti palibe kusintha kwabwino kwa Obama, ndipo akuluakulu a White House pambuyo pake adati Obama mwiniwakeyo anali asanamvepo lingaliroli.
+
+Ndemanga ya a Biden mu May 2012 yoti "anali womasuka" ndi maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adadziwika kwambiri ndi anthu poyerekeza ndi udindo wa Obama, womwe unkafotokozedwa ngati "kusintha". A Biden adalankhula mawu ake popanda chilolezo cha utsogoleri, ndipo a Obama ndi omuthandizira adakwiya, popeza Obama adakonza zosintha maudindo pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo, pokonzekera msonkhano wachipani.  Omenyera ufulu wa gay adatengera zomwe a Biden adanena,  ndipo m'masiku ochepa, a Obama adalengeza kuti nayenso amathandizira maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe zidakakamizidwa ndi zomwe a Biden adanena. Biden adapepesa kwa Obama mwamseri chifukwa cholankhula,  pomwe Obama adavomereza poyera kuti zidachitika kuchokera pansi pamtima. 
+
+Kampeni ya a Obama idawona Biden ngati wandale wotsatsa malonda, ndipo anali ndi nthawi yayitali yowonekera m'maboma osinthika pomwe kampeni yosankhanso zisankho idayamba mwachangu mchaka cha 2012. Ndemanga ya Ogasiti 2012 pamaso pa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti malingaliro a Republican oti akhazikitse malamulo a Wall Street "adzabwezeretsa nonse mu unyolo" adakopa chidwi kwa a Biden.  Nyuzipepala ya Los Angeles Times inalemba kuti, "Panthawi yolankhulira a Biden, pakhoza kukhala mphindi khumi ndi ziwiri zopangitsa osindikizira kukhumudwa, ndikupangitsa atolankhani kutembenukirana wina ndi mnzake ndi chisangalalo komanso chisokonezo." 
+
+Biden adasankhidwa kukhala wachichiwiri kwa purezidenti pa msonkhano wa 2012 Democratic National Convention mu Seputembala. Potsutsana ndi mnzake waku Republican, Woimira Paul Ryan, mumkangano wachiwiri kwa purezidenti pa Okutobala 11 adateteza mbiri ya boma la Obama.Pa Novembala 6, a Obama ndi a Biden adapambananso  pa Mitt Romney ndi Paul Ryan ndi mavoti 332 mwa 538 a Electoral College ndi 51% ya mavoti otchuka. 
+
+Mu Disembala 2012, a Obama adatcha a Biden kuti atsogolere gulu lankhondo la Gun Violence Task Force, lomwe lidapangidwa kuti lithetse zomwe zayambitsa kuwomberana kusukulu ndikuganizira zowongolera mfuti zomwe zitha kuchitika pambuyo pa kuwomberana kwa Sandy Hook Elementary School. Pambuyo pake mwezi womwewo, m'masiku omaliza United States isanagwe "pazachuma", ubale wa Biden ndi McConnell udakhalanso wofunikira pomwe awiriwa adakambirana zomwe zidapangitsa kuti lamulo la American Taxpayer Relief Act la 2012 likhazikitsidwe koyambirira kwa 2013.  Zinapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa msonkho wa Bush kukhale kokhazikika koma kukweza mitengo yandalama zapamwamba.
+
+A Biden sanatengepo mbali pang'ono pazokambirana zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mu October 2013 ndime ya Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, yomwe idathetsa kutsekedwa kwa boma mu 2013 ndi vuto la ngongole la 2013. Izi zinali chifukwa mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Senate Harry Reid ndi atsogoleri ena a Democratic. adamuchotsa pazokambirana zachindunji ndi Congress, akumva kuti Biden adapereka zambiri pazokambirana zam'mbuyomu. 
+
+Biden's Violence Against Women Act idavomerezedwanso mu 2013. Mchitidwewu udapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zofananira, monga White House Council on Women and Girls, yomwe idayamba chigawo choyamba, komanso White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assaught, idayamba mu Januwale 2014 ndi Biden ndi Valerie Jarrett ngati apampando amgwirizano.  Biden adakambirana za malangizo aboma pazachipongwe pamasukulu aku yunivesite pomwe amalankhula ku University of New Hampshire. Iye anati, “Ayi akutanthauza ayi, ngati waledzera kapena waledzeretsa. Ayi ndithu ngati uli pabedi, m’chipinda chogona kapena pamsewu. maganizo anu. Ayi sikutanthauza ayi."
+
+Biden ankakonda kupatsa zida zigawenga za ku Syria.Pamene Iraq idagwa mchaka cha 2014, chidwi chatsopano chidaperekedwa ku Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan ya 2006, pomwe ena owonera akuti Biden anali wolondola nthawi yonseyi.  Biden mwiniwake adanena kuti US idzatsatira ISIL "ku zipata za gehena". Biden anali ndi ubale wapamtima ndi atsogoleri angapo aku Latin America ndipo adapatsidwa chidwi ndi derali panthawi ya utsogoleri; adayendera chigawochi maulendo 16 pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wake, kuposa pulezidenti aliyense kapena wachiŵiri kwa pulezidenti.
+
+Mu 2015, Mneneri wa Nyumbayi a John Boehner ndi mtsogoleri wamkulu wa Senate Mitch McConnell adaitana nduna yayikulu ya Israeli a Benjamin Netanyahu kuti alankhule nawo pamsonkhano wa Congress popanda kudziwitsa akuluakulu a Obama. Kusamvera malamulowa kudapangitsa a Biden ndi ma Democrats opitilira 50 kulumpha zolankhula za Netanyahu. Mu Ogasiti 2016, a Biden adapita ku Serbia, komwe adakumana ndi Purezidenti waku Serbia Aleksandar Vučić ndikufotokozera zachisoni chake kwa anthu wamba omwe adazunzidwa ndi bomba pankhondo ya Kosovo.  Ku Kosovo, adapezeka pamwambo wopatsa dzina la msewu waukulu pambuyo pa mwana wake Beau, polemekeza ntchito ya Beau ku Kosovo pophunzitsa oweruza ndi ozenga milandu. 
+
+A Biden sanachitepo voti yosokoneza mu Senate, zomwe zidamupanga kukhala wachiwiri kwa purezidenti yemwe adakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali kwambiri.
+
+Biden ndi Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti-wosankhidwa Mike Pence pa Novembara 10, 2016
+
+Udindo mu kampeni ya pulezidenti wa 2016 
+Munthawi yake yachiwiri, a Biden nthawi zambiri ankanenedwa kuti akukonzekera kusankhidwa kwa 2016 demokalase.  Ndi banja lake, abwenzi ambiri, ndi opereka ndalama omwe adamulimbikitsa pakati pa chaka cha 2015 kuti alowe mu mpikisanowu, komanso chifukwa chokomera mtima kwa Hillary Clinton kudatsika panthawiyo, a Biden adanenedwa kuti akuganiziranso mozama za chiyembekezo komanso "Draft Biden 2016" PAC. idakhazikitsidwa. 
+
+Pofika pa Seputembara 11, 2015, a Biden anali akadali osatsimikiza za kuthamanga. Anaona kuti imfa yaposachedwapa ya mwana wake inamuthera mphamvu zake zamaganizo, ndipo anati, “palibe amene ali ndi ufulu ... kufuna udindo umenewo pokhapokha atalolera kuupereka 110% ya omwe ali.” Pa October 21 , polankhula pabwalo la Rose Garden ndi mkazi wake ndi Obama pambali pake, a Biden adalengeza chisankho chake chosapikisana nawo paudindo wapulezidenti mu 2016.  Mu Januwale 2016, a Biden adatsimikiza kuti chinali chisankho choyenera, koma adavomereza kuti adanong'oneza bondo kuti sanayimire Purezidenti "tsiku lililonse".
+
+Obama atavomereza Hillary Clinton pa June 9, 2016, a Biden adamuvomereza pambuyo pake tsiku lomwelo.  Muchisankho chonse cha 2016, a Biden adadzudzula mdani wa Clinton, a Donald Trump, mosiyanasiyana.
+
+Ntchito zotsatila (2017-2019) 
+Atasiya utsogoleri wachiwiri, Biden adakhala pulofesa wolemekezeka ku University of Pennsylvania. Wotchedwa "Benjamin Franklin Presidential Practice Professor", Biden adatsogolera zokambirana za mbiri yakale ndi ndale ndipo adapanga Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement.Anapitirizanso kutsogolera zoyesayesa zopezera mankhwala a khansa.  Mu 2017, adalemba memoir, Ndilonjezeni, Adadi, ndipo adayenda ulendo woyendera mabuku.  Biden adapeza $15.6 miliyoni kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2018. Mu 2018, adapereka mawu olimbikitsa kwa Senator John McCain, kuyamika McCain kukumbatira malingaliro aku America komanso maubwenzi apawiri. Biden adawongoleredwa ndi mabomba awiri a mapaipi omwe adatumizidwa kwa iye pakuyesa kuphulitsa kwamakalata kwa Okutobala 2018, komwe kumayang'ana opanga malamulo ademokalase ndi otsutsa.
+
+Biden adakhalabe pamaso pa anthu, kuvomereza ofuna kusankhidwa kwinaku akupitiliza kupereka ndemanga pazandale, kusintha kwanyengo, komanso utsogoleri wa a Donald Trump. Anapitirizanso kulankhula mokomera ufulu wa LGBT, kupitiriza kulimbikitsa pa nkhani yomwe adagwirizana nayo kwambiri pa nthawi ya utsogoleri wake. Mu 2019, a Biden adadzudzula Brunei chifukwa chofuna kutsata malamulo achisilamu omwe angalole kufa poponyedwa miyala chifukwa cha chigololo komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kutcha izi "zowopsa komanso zachiwerewere" ndikuti, "Palibe chowiringula - osati chikhalidwe, osati miyambo - yamtunduwu. chidani ndi nkhanza." Pofika chaka cha 2019, a Biden ndi mkazi wake adanenanso kuti chuma chawo chawonjezeka kufika [kumveka kofunikira] pakati pa $2.2 miliyoni ndi $8 miliyoni chifukwa cholankhulana komanso mgwirizano wolemba mabuku.
+
+2020 kampeni ya pulezidenti 
+Nkhani yayikulu: Kampeni ya Purezidenti wa Joe Biden 2020
+
+Kungoyerekeza ndi kulengeza 
+Pakati pa 2016 ndi 2019, nyumba zoulutsira nkhani nthawi zambiri zimatchula a Biden kuti ndi omwe angakhale Purezidenti mu 2020. Atafunsidwa ngati angathamangire, iye anapereka mayankho osiyanasiyana komanso osagwirizana, ponena kuti “musanene konse”. Panthawi ina ananena kuti sanaone momwe angathamangirenso, koma patapita masiku angapo, anati, "Ndithamanga ngati ndingathe kuyenda." yomwe imadziwika kuti Time for Biden idakhazikitsidwa mu Januware 2018, kufuna kuti a Biden alowe nawo mpikisanowo.  Pomaliza adayambitsa kampeni yake pa Epulo 25, 2019, nati adalimbikitsidwa kuthamangira, mwa zifukwa zina, ndi "malingaliro ake antchito."
+
+Kampeni 
+Mu Seputembala 2019, zidanenedwa kuti a Trump adakakamiza Purezidenti waku Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy kuti afufuze zomwe Biden ndi mwana wake Hunter Biden adachita.  Ngakhale zinali zonenedweratu, palibe umboni womwe udapangidwa wokhudza kulakwa kulikonse ndi a Biden.   Atolankhani amatanthauzira kwambiri kukakamiza uku kuti afufuze a Biden ngati kuyesa kuvulaza mwayi wa Biden kuti apambane utsogoleri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale chipongwe chandaleb komanso kutsutsidwa kwa a Trump ndi Nyumba ya Oyimilira.
+
+Kuyambira mu 2019, a Trump ndi ogwirizana nawo adanamizira a Biden kuti achotsa woimira boma ku Ukraine Viktor Shokin chifukwa akuti akufuna kufufuza Burisma Holdings, yomwe idalemba ntchito Hunter Biden. Biden akuimbidwa mlandu woletsa $ 1 biliyoni thandizo kuchokera ku Ukraine pakuchita izi. Mu 2015, a Biden adakakamiza nyumba yamalamulo yaku Ukraine kuti ichotse Shokin chifukwa United States, European Union ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse lapansi amawona kuti Shokin ndi achinyengo komanso osagwira ntchito, makamaka chifukwa Shokin sanali kufufuza Burisma motsimikiza. Kuyimitsidwa kwa $ 1 biliyoni yothandizira inali gawo la ndondomeko yovomerezekayi.  Komiti ya Senate Homeland Security Committee ndi Senate Finance Committee, motsogozedwa ndi a Republican, idafufuza zolakwa za a Bidens ku Ukraine, ndipo pamapeto pake idatulutsa lipoti mu Seputembara 2020 lomwe silinafotokozere umboni wa zolakwa za a Joe Biden, ndipo adatsimikiza kuti "sizikudziwika bwino" ngati udindo wa Hunter Biden ku Burisma "unakhudza mfundo za US ku Ukraine".
+
+Mu Marichi 2019 ndi Epulo 2019, a Biden adaimbidwa mlandu ndi azimayi asanu ndi atatu pamilandu yam'mbuyomu yokhudzana mosayenera, monga kukumbatira, kugwirana kapena kupsopsona. Biden adadzitcha kale "wandale wovuta" ndipo adavomereza kuti izi zidamubweretsera mavuto. Mu Epulo 2019, a Biden adalonjeza "kulemekeza malo omwe anthu amakhala".
+
+Mu chaka chonse cha 2019, a Biden adakhala patsogolo pa ma Democrat ena pamasankho adziko lonse.  Ngakhale izi, adamaliza wachinayi m'macaucuses a Iowa, ndipo patatha masiku asanu ndi atatu, wachisanu mu pulaimale ya New Hampshire. Anachita bwino m'magulu a Nevada, kufika pa 15% yofunikira kwa nthumwi, komabe anali kumbuyo kwa Bernie Sanders ndi 21.6 peresenti.Kupanga madandaulo amphamvu kwa anthu akuda panjira ya kampeni komanso mkangano waku South Carolina, a Biden adapambana mapulaimale aku South Carolina ndi mapoints oposa 28. Pambuyo pochotsa komanso kuvomereza kwa omwe adasankhidwa Pete Buttigieg ndi Amy Klobuchar, adapeza bwino pachisankho chachikulu cha Marichi 3 Super Lachiwiri. Biden adapambana mipikisano 18 mwa mipikisano 26 yotsatira, kuphatikiza Alabama, Arkansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, ndi Virginia, zomwe zidamuyika patsogolo pazambiri zonse. Elizabeth Warren ndi Mike Bloomberg adasiya ntchito, ndipo Biden adakulitsa kutsogolera kwake ndikupambana ma Sanders m'maboma anayi .
+
+Andale
+Durvesh Yadav ndi wolemba waku India komanso wazamalonda wanthawi zonse. Iye ndiye woyambitsa Rising Star Digital Media.
+
+Ntchito  
+Durvesh Yadav akuyamba ulendo wake ali ndi zaka 18. Anayambitsa Rising Star Digital Media pa 2 August 2020.
+
+Moyo Woyambirira 
+Durvesh Yadav anabadwa pa 23 January 1999 ku Kanpur, India. Bambo ake, Ramesh Singh, ndi wochita bizinesi, pomwe amayi ake, Anita Yadav, ndi wopanga nyumba. Banja lake linasamukira ku Agra ali ndi zaka 9.
+
+Maphunziro  
+Durvesh Yadav anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Brightland Public School, Agra. Adachita Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering ku Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab.
+
+Ntchito Yofalitsidwa 
+Durvesh Yadav ndiye mlembi wa Zomwe Samatiphunzitsa: Kalozera wa Wophunzira Wa Moyo Watanthauzo.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Stubs
+Abhishek S Chauhan wobadwa (22 Ogasiti 1984) ndi wazamalonda komanso woyambitsa The FarmPure.
+
+Moyo Wanga  
+Abhishek anabadwira ku Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, m'banja lachihindu. Bambo ake anali wamalonda, ndipo amayi ake anali mkazi wapakhomo.
+
+Maphunziro  
+Adamaliza maphunziro ake a sekondale ku Kanpur, kenako adapita ku Lucknow kukachita bachelor mu Business management. Pambuyo pake, adapita ku Australia kukachita Masters ake mu Accounts ndi zachuma, komwe adasiya patatha chaka chimodzi, adaphunzira ntchito yothandiza anthu ndipo adachita dipuloma yomaliza maphunziro ake ku Cambridge International School, Melbourne. Abhishek adalembetsa ku LLB mu 2019.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1984 kubadwa
+Mehrajuddin Wadoo (wobadwa 12 February 1984) ndi katswiri waku India woyang'anira komanso wakale wosewera mpira. M'masiku ake akusewera, Wadoo adasewera makalabu monga Mohun Bagan, East Bengal, Salgaocar, Pune City , Chennaiyin, and Mumbai City. Anayimiliranso timu ya dziko la India kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2011.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1984 kubadwa
+Hashim Tariq Bhat wobadwa (12 Okutobala 2002) m'boma la Ganderbal ku Jammu ndi Kashmir ndi wolemba komanso Wojambula.
+
+Ntchito 
+Hashim amalingalira mkalasi lachisanu ndi chimodzi, pomwe adalandira foni yam'manja kuchokera kwa makolo ake ndipo adayikamo kuti afotokoze zomveka bwino pomwe adawombera kangapo kolemekezeka kuchokera pachidacho. kenako Adasindikiza buku lake loyamba lotchedwa "Daleel The Story Of My Snaps". Posachedwapa adapanga buku lake lotsatira "The Anecdote" bukuli lilinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zithunzi ndi nthano za iwo.
+
+Mabuku 
+ Daleel: Story of my Snaps
+
+ The Anecdote
+
+Maphunziro 
+Adapita ku Crescent Public School ku Srinagar asanayambe maphunziro ake a BA. amaphunzira ku Amar Singh College, komwe adachoka patatha chaka chimodzi. Hashim ndi wophunzira ku Central University of Kashmir, komwe wamkulu wake ndi BVoc.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+2002 kubadwa
+Anthu amoyo
+DJ Himanshu Mishra ndi Indian disc jockey komanso woyimba. Adabadwira ndikukulira ku Delhi, India. Iye ndiye woyambitsa GrooveNexus, nyumba ya Media ku Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
+
+Moyo Woyambirira 
+DJ Himanshu Mishra adabadwa pa 26 Marichi 1982 ku Delhi, India, kwa Madhusudan Mishra ndi Sushma Devi.
+
+Ntchito 
+Ngakhale anali womaliza maphunziro a uinjiniya, kukonda nyimbo kwa Himanshu Mishra kunamulimbikitsa kusintha ntchito yake. Mu 2019, adayambitsa GrooveNexus kuti akwaniritse zomwe amakonda.
+
+Maphunziro  
+DJ Himanshu Mishra ali ndi digiri ya engineering kuchokera ku Delhi College of Engineering. Mishra adamaliza maphunziro ake ku Ahlcon Public School, Delhi.
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+Pa 13 November 2022, kuphulika kunachitika pa Istiklal Avenue m'boma la Beyoğlu ku Istanbul, Turkey, nthawi ya 4:20 pm nthawi yakomweko. Anthu 6 afa ndipo ena 81 avulala.
+
+Mzindawu unali utagonjetsedwa kale ndi zigawenga mu 2015 ndi 2016 ndi ISIS (Daesh) ndi zigawenga zomwe zimagwirizana ndi Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). Kuphulika kwa bomba la Daesh m'dera lomweli kudapha anthu anayi mu 2016.
+
+Palibe gulu lomwe ladzinenera kuti ndilomwe liri ndi mlandu, koma akuluakulu a boma la Turkey adalengeza kuti olekanitsa a Kurdish ndi omwe amayambitsa chiwembuchi, makamaka PKK ndi Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD). Nduna ya Zam'kati ku Turkey, a Suleyman Soylu, adalengeza za kumangidwa kwa bombalo ndi ena makumi anayi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. PKK idakana udindo uliwonse.
+
+Zolemba 
+Istanbul
+Elton Mulenga (wobadwa 29 Novembara 1994), wodziwika ndi dzina la siteji Yo Maps, ndi woyimba waku Zambia, wolemba nyimbo, komanso Wopanga Nyimbo. Poyamba adadziwika bwino pambuyo pa kugunda kwake Pomaliza mu 2018 komwe kunali Macky 2.
+
+Zopambana ndi kusankha
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Anthu amoyo
+1994 kubadwa
+Interface Adminstrator ndi woyang'anila Wikipediya odalilika kwambili amene amatanthauzila zolemba za Wikipediya kukhala mu chiyankhulo chofunikila komanso amasintha ndi kupanga masamba ofunikila kwambili otchedwa CSS amene amathandiza kuti Wikipediya iziyenda bwino. Masamba otchedwa CSS ndi masamba apamwamba kwambili amene akasinthidwa pang'ono mwangozi, Wikipediya yose imasiya kugwila ntchito pompo mpaka atakonzedwa.
+
+Choncho udindowu umafuna munthu amene akudziwa bwino mmene developing, encoding (kupanga tsamba)  ndi zina zimayendela. Chifukwa kusadziwa bwino, Wikipediya yonse imathe pompo.
+
+Ntchito za Interface Adminstrator 
+
+ Kupanga style ya matsamba
+ Kulemba masamba a CSS amene Wikipedia imadalila.
+ Kuteteza matsamba
+ Kubloka agwilitsi opanga zawo zawo.
+ Kulemba matsamba otchedwa Jason.
+ Kutanthauzila Main Page Interface.
+ Kubisa mbili ya masamba.
+ Kulemba masamba a munthu ogwilista ntchito.
+Asif Rozani ndi wazamalonda waku India komanso woyambitsa Thesupremevilla.
+
+Moyo woyamba 
+Asif Rozani adabadwa pa 21 Epulo 1996 ku Dahisar, Mumbai, kubanja lachi Muslim la Ashrafali Rozani ndi Gulzar Rozani.
+
+Ntchito
+Ali ndi zaka 16 Asif adayambitsa bizinesi yake ndipo adayambitsa Thesupremevilla
+
+Maphunziro  
+Asif Rozani adachita maphunziro ake apulaimale ku Poorna Prajna Education Center, sukulu ku Dahisar, Mumbai. Atamaliza maphunziro awo a Intermediate, adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Thakur College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai.
+
+Zolemba
+Salome Kapwepwe (Ogasiti 8, 1926 - May 8,2017) anali womenyera ufulu wa Zambia, mphunzitsi komanso mkazi wa Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe.
+
+Moyo ndi ntchito 
+Anabadwa Salome Chilufya Besa pa 8 August 1926 ku Lubwa Mission ku Chinsali. Yatamba mu 1946 ku Lubwa, kunyuma mu mwaka’wa wamonañana na Simon Kapwepwe ne kumukwata. Pambuyo pa ukwatiwo adatumizidwa ku Nkula. Mu 1948 adasamukira ku Copper-belt komanso komwe aphunzitsi pa Wusakile Primary School.
+
+Imfa 
+Mayi Kapwepwe anamwalira pa 8 May 2017 ali m’tulo ali ndi zaka 90. Anaikidwa m’manda pa 13 May 2013 kunyumba kwawo ku Chinsali.
+
+Zolemba 
+1926 Kubadwa
+Imfa mu 2017
+FIFA Mpira Wadziko Lonse Lapansi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa World Cup, ndi mpikisano wampikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe magulu akuluakulu amtundu wa mamembala a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), bungwe lolamulira lamasewera padziko lonse lapansi. Mpikisanowu wakhala ukuperekedwa zaka zinayi zilizonse kuyambira pomwe adayambitsa mpikisano mu 1930, kupatula mu 1942 ndi 1946 pomwe sunachitike chifukwa cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Omwe adapambana pano ndi France, yomwe idapambananso mutu wawo wachiwiri pampikisano wa 2018 ku Russia. Maonekedwe apanowa akukhudza gawo loyenerera, lomwe limachitika zaka zitatu zapitazi, kuti mudziwe matimu omwe akuyenera kulowa nawo gawo la mpikisano. Mu gawo la mpikisano, magulu 32 amapikisana kuti atenge mpikisano m'mabwalo omwe ali m'mayiko omwe akuchitikira kwa mwezi umodzi. Mayiko omwe akulandira akuyenera basi.
+
+Pofika mu 2018 FIFA World Cup, zikondwerero zomaliza makumi awiri ndi chimodzi zachitika ndipo magulu onse a 79 adapikisana. Chikhochi chatenga ndi matimu asanu ndi atatu a dziko lino. Brazil yapambana kasanu, ndipo ndi timu yokhayo yomwe yasewerapo mumpikisano uliwonse. Opambana ena a World Cup ndi Germany ndi Italy, omwe ali ndi maudindo anayi aliyense; Argentina, France, ndi wopambana woyamba Uruguay, wokhala ndi maudindo awiri aliyense; ndi England ndi Spain, ali ndi mutu umodzi uliwonse.
+
+Mpikisano wa World Cup ndiye mpikisano wamasewera odziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, komanso masewera omwe amawonedwa ndi kutsatiridwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha machesi onse a 2006 World Cup akuti chinali 26.29 biliyoni pomwe anthu pafupifupi 715.1 miliyoni adawonera masewera omaliza, omwe ndi anthu asanu ndi anayi mwa anthu onse padziko lapansi.
+
+Mayiko 17 ndi omwe adachita nawo World Cup. Dziko la Brazil, France, Italy, Germany, ndi Mexico lakhalapo kawiri, pamene mayiko a Uruguay, Switzerland, Sweden, Chile, England, Argentina, Spain, United States, Japan, ndi South Korea (pamodzi), South Africa, ndi Russia ali ndi analandira kamodzi. Qatar ndiyomwe ikuchititsa mpikisano wa 2022, ndipo 2026 izikhala pamodzi ndi Canada, United States, ndi Mexico, zomwe zidzapatse Mexico kukhala dziko loyamba kuchita masewera atatu World Cups.
+
+Omwe adapambana m'mbuyomu 
+
+ Notes
+
+FIFA World Cup
+Arthur Nutuluti Lubinda Wina anali wandale wa ku Zambia yemwe adapulumutsidwa ku National Party of Zambia pansi pa UNIP Member of Parliament, 1962-68, 1973-78, ndi 1992; Nduna ya Zachuma, 1963–67; Minister of Education, 1967–68 and 1992–94, Government of Zambia (yomwe kale inali Northern Rhodesia).
+
+Zolemba 
+
+Imfa mu 1993
+
+1929 kubadwa
+Lewis Mutale Changufu (5 October 1927 - 27 April 2016 ) anali msilikali womenyera ufulu ndipo makamaka mu Federation ya Rhodesia ndi Nyasaland ankachita chidwi ndi ndale za achinyamata a ku Africa omwe adatsimikiza mtima kukhazikitsa boma lomwe limadziwika kuti kudzilamulira kapena kulamulira ambiri masiku amenewo.
+
+Zolemba 
+Imfa ya mu 2016
+1927 kubadwa
\ No newline at end of file