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Wikipeediya Ko saati nɗee winndande ko Kuɗol: iwdifalahi Winndannde Ndimaagu Fulɓe no yiɗaa, ina fooɗanee ina haɓanee. Pullo ina fottani hoore mum ndimaagu haa seettanaa e nder leydi Mali hee. To Fuutaaji: Senegal, Moritani, Ginee, na nganndiraa harameeji jeeɗiɗi. Ko woowi ina anndaa so wonii e maɓɓe biiɗo "Harameeji am jeeɗiɗi", haalii goonga. Ko firtata harameeji jeeɗiɗi to ɗi kaaletee too? Kanji jeeɗiɗi ɗii eɗi ni: Mi fenataa. Mi hunnataa. Mi toonyataa. Mi wujjataa. Mi janfotaako. Mi woofataa. Mi taƴataa enɗam. Ɗii karminaaɗi waɗeeɗe no kuuriranoo? Ko adan, Fulɓe ngollanno jamma e nyalawma. ɓe nyaamannoo ko seeɗa. Ɓe keddoroo ko yonata ɓe. Hakkillaaji maɓɓe ngarta, kooloo e waawande katojinal maɓɓe. ɓe ndeeniri ndimaagu ngam hulde gacce. ɓe kaalataa, ɓe mbaɗataa ko hersinii. ɓe ngoɗɗitii ndeereeru e ngaameela. Ko yawde ko danyi maa waasde lonngere wuurnoore. Ko o jonndiniiɗo jiɗniiɗo ngam ko nafoowo o lorlataa. Dimo na wondi e needi moƴƴiri. Ndeen soklinannoo neɗɗo ko nyaamde, koltu e hoɗorde na newinoo. Footoji Nassiji Maali (fr. Mali) ko leydi e Afiriik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.240.192 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 17.994.837. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Maali yo Bamako (1.926.748 (2012)). Maali yo leydi gorgal Afiriik. Kayri ɓuri fuu mawnude e leyɗe gorgal Afiriik fuu. Endi hawti keerol e Gine, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Koddiwaar, Nijer e Aljeri. Hooreejo ndii leydi ana wi'etenoo Bah N'Daw. Kanko woni kaananke ɗiɗobo e ley jamaanu demokarasi iwde 1991 warde hannden. Gila lewru awril 2012 kuudeta liɓi mo o yahi o fattoyii Senegal. Demography Maali: Demography 1961-2003 Seeɗa e taariika Maali Maali ina wi'etenoo e nder laamu Tuubakooɓe Sudaan (leydi ɓaleeɓe), ko caggal jeytaare mayri e hitaande 1960 hooreeɓe ɓee cuɓi innde "Mali" joopiinde laamateeri taarikayankoori ndi jamaanu Sunnjata Keytaa ndii (teemedannde sappo e tataɓere). Laamɗo arano oo laatii Moodibbo Keytaa, nde o ƴetti laamu nguu o fuɗɗi siinude yuɓɓo dawrugol soosiyalismu kono ɗum yirbini faggudu leydi ndii ɓeydi iñcuru renndoyankooru. E hitaande 1968, koninkooɓe folli mo e dow ardungal Muusaa Tarawore. Oon laamii haa 1991 nde jamaaji Afirik keewɗi puɗɗinoo lamndaade heyɗitinoore dawrugol tuugiinde e demokarasi kono o salii kus waylude laamu makko. Nde yimɓe ɓee yaltunoo seppooji to saare laamorde Bamako o felli e maɓɓe, yoga e maɓɓe maayi. Ɗum ɓurti hirjinde murtital ngal haa larme oo folli mo e dow ardungal Ahmadu Tumaani Tuure. Oon yuɓɓini woote o hokkiti siwiljo laamu nguu, ɗum ko Umaar Konaare. Nde oon timmini happu mum Tumaani Tuure warti kadi e nder dawrugol Maali fooli e woote laatii persidan haa folleede mum 2012. Polluɗo mo oo, ɗum ko Amadu Sanogo, wi'i ko sabaabe ɗaatere makko waɗi si konuuli murtuɓe Tuwaaregɓe e lislaamiyankooɓe naati hakkunde janwiye e awril 2012 e nano leydi ndii riiwi konu Maali nguu, oon tuma ɓe pecci ndi ɓe njaltini e fewjoore laamu Bamako. Ɓe ewnii jeytal-hoore leydi maɓɓe ndi ɓe inniri Azawad. Haa hannde ko ɗon wonaa. Barki Alla e ko CEDEAO (Dental Faggudu Leyɗe Afirik Hiirnaange) kammbani koninkooɓe Maali ɓe, ɓe ɗalii ardungal leydi ndii e juuɗe persidanjo laamu cabborgu, ɗum ko Jonkunda Tarawore kono hay gooto anndaa ko ɓe ngoni e mum. Lasindiiɓe duuɗuɓe ina cikki haa jooni ko kamɓe njogii laamu nguu. Leyɗe CEDEAO ɗee ina mbaɗi lelngo naɓugol konunkooɓe 3500 ngam dahitugol nano Maali wartira ɗum e ley laamu nguu kono haa jooni lelngo ngoo huumnaaka taho, hino tamƴinaa non nde ngo huumnee ko ɓooyataa. Lislaamiyankooɓe ɓee mbonnii ko heewi e keyeeji finaa-tawaaji nano Maali yeru laadiiji (genaale mahaaɗe) waliyyaaɓe teeŋtii non to saare Tombutu, ɗum non waddanii ɓe feloore aduna Alla oo fuu. Seeɗa e wertaango Maali Maali ana heerondirii e Moritani, Senegal e Gine hedde hirnaange, Nijer hedde funnaange. Aljeri hedde saahal, Koduwaar e Burkina-Faso hedde ɓaleeri. Njaanji Maali yo kilomeeteruuji 1.240.000. Maali ɓuri mawnude Faransi laabi ɗiɗi. Leydi ndiin ana mawni sanne. Maali ana woɗɗi maayo geeci. Maayo Nijeer e Senegal ana ley Maali. Weendu Deeboy nduu ana ley Maasina, hakkunde Mootti e Gunndam. Kaaƴe ana keewi e Maali: hono hayre Bannjagara, hayre Ommbori e Adara-Ifora hedde Aljeri. Nokku Mootti ana wooɗi sanne. Fulɓe ana koɗi toon. Leƴƴi Maali ana keewi. Maaliŋkooɓe yo Bammbaraaɓe, Seɓɓe, Boobooɓe, Senufooɓe, Saraŋkulleeɓe, Safarɓe, Burdaaɓe, Haaɓe e Fulɓe. Golleeji maɓɓe yo demal, awgal, margol daabaaji, golle ñeeñal e sarawiisinkooɓe. Ŋenndi Bamako ɓuri mawnude. Yimɓe ana keewi toon. Endi jogii luube, eɗe mawni! Luumo ngo toon, aɗa waawi soodude kulle fuu aɗa yiɗi. Leydi Afirik Lesdi Leydi hino jogii ma,anaaji ɗuuɗuɗi (heewɗi) aranun ɗun: ko hoodere me'en yiilotoonde nde enen banuu-Aadama'en kanyun e denndaangal taguuli Allah tabiti e dow mun. Ko leydi ndin woni nyiiɓirde tageefo ngon, fahin ko e mari fuɗata leɗɗe e funngooji wuurnuɗi tageefo ngon. Ɗimmun: leydi hino wona kadi tummbere wano nde goɗɗo wi'i: mi soodii leydi fii darnugol suɗdu Tammun: leydi hino wona kadi tummbere yaajunde seeɗa nde yimɓe hawtiti sinci laamu wootu e mu'um, ko ɗun wi'etee kadi dawla, e piide misal: Maali e Gine ko leyɗe maa dawlaaji Afirik Hiirnaangeeri. Kono non kadi wano Fuuta Jaloo, Maasinaa, Adamawaa no gasa wi'eede leydi, ɗun e wonde ko diiwe e nder dawlaaji. E hino ɗoo leyɗe aduna on fewndiiɗe ɗen hannde. Ko ɓuri heewde kon e majje ko leyɗe jeyɗe hoore mum, e maanaa dawlaaji, joganiiɗi hoore mum laamu kono leyɗe go’o wano Tibet maa Falastiin maa Sahara no humii e leydi ɓurndi doolnude jogiindi laamu e dow majje, ɗe alaa dawla. Kono ɗum haɗataa en tawnude ɗe ɗo’o sabu innde majje no heewi naneede e nder kibaaruuji jaayɗe (jurnaluuji) maa rajooji winndere nden: Aarabe Sawdiyanke (Laamateeri Aarabe Sawdiyanke) Afganistan Albaniya Aljeri Almaanya Anndoora Anngolaa Arjentiina Armaaniya Aserbayjan Bahamas Banngladesh Barazil Belaruusiya Beljik Benen Biritaani-Mawndi / Laamateeri Ndentundi / Renndundi / Inngila Birmani / Miyammar Boliwiya Boosuwaana Bosniya e Herzegovina Bulgariya Burkina Faso Burunndi Butan Caadi Cekiya (Ndenndaandi Cek /Repibliiki Cek) Ciile Ciina Danemark (Laamateeri Danemark) Dowlaaji Dentuɗi / Dawlaaji Rennduɗi (USA) Ecoppi Ekwadoor El Salwador Eritereya Estoniya Falastiin Fanuwatu / Vanuwatu Faransi Fiiji (Suriije / Duuɗe Fiiji) Filipiin Gabon Gammbi Gana Gerenaada Gine Gine Bisaawo Gine Ekwatoriyal Guyaana Hayti Hinndi Hispaanya Holannda Hunngariya Imaaraatuuji Aarabe Dentuɗi / Rennduɗi (e faransiire : Les Émirats Arabes Unis) Inndonesiya Irak Iran (Ndendaandi Lislaamiyankeeri Iran) Irlannda Iskotlannda (suriire e nder Biritaani-Mawndi) Islannda Israa’iila (Dawla Israa’iila) Italiya Jamayka Japan Jibuuti Jorjiya Kamarun Kammbooja Kanada Kapu Werde Kasakstan Katar Kenya Kibris (Ndenndaandi Kibris) Kirgistan Kiribaati Koddiwaar Kolommbiya Komoor Konngo (Ndenndaandi Demokaraasiyankeeri Konngo) Konngo (Ndenndaandi Jamaa Konngo) Kooreya Korowaasiya Kosta Rika Kubaa Kuwayti Labiriya Lesoto Liban Libiya (Jamahiiriya Aarabe Libiya) Lituwaniya Luksammbuur Madagaskar Malawi Malaysiya Maali Malta Masedoniya Meksiko Misra / Ejipte Moldowa Monako Monngoliya Montenegoro Moriis (Suriire / Duunde Moriis) Moritani / Muritani Morooku / Marok (Laamateeri Morooku) Mozammbik Najiriya Namibiya Nawru Ndenndaandi Dominikaana’en Nepal Niiser Nikaraaguwa Niw-Zilannda / Zilannda-Heyri Norwees Oman Osterliya Otiris Pakistan Paraguwaay Peru Poloonya Portokeesi Romaniya Roosiya (Federasiyon Roosiya) Ruwannda Sahara (Ndenndaandi Aarabe Saharanke Demokaraasiyanke) Sammbiya Santarafirik Sara Lon Sawdafirika / Afirik Nyaamo Sawo Tome Senegal Serbiya Seysel Simmbaabuwe Sinngapuur Sirlanka Somaaliya Sudan Sulowakiya Suloweniya Suriya (Ndenndaandi Aarabe Suriya) Suwasilannda Suwed Suwis Tajikistan Tansaniya Taylannda Taywan Tibet Tirinidad e Tobago Togo Tonnga Tuniisi Turkiya Turkmenistan Tuwalu Ugannda Ukrayiina Urduun (Laamateeri Urduun) Uruguwaay Watikan (Dawla Watikan) Wenesuwela Wiyetnam Yaman Yunan / Gerek Leydi Gine (e Fulfulde Maasina, Lagine; e faransiire République de Guinée) ko leydi e Afirik Hirnaangeeri. Hindi kernidi e leyɗe ɗee ɗoo: Sarliyon, Labiriyaa, Koddiwaar, Maali, Senegal e Gine-Bisaawo. Noone laamu mayri ko ndenndaandi (ko wi'etee kadi repibliiki). Hooreejo leydi ndin ko Lansana Konte innetee, Hooreejo guwerneman maa Permiyee Ministir on laatii Lansana Kuyaate gila lewru fabraa'ilu 2007 (caggal murtital jamaa on) haa 20 maayuhu 2008. On tuma Persidan Lansana Konte itti Kuyaate watti Ahmadu Tijjaani Suwaare. Kapital ngal, e maanaa laamorde nden, ko Konaakiri, ca'e mawɗe go'o ko wano Kinndiyaa, Maamun, Labe, Kankan, Zerekore ekn. Mbertudi ndin ko 250.158 km², jamaa on no yona miliyonji 11,5 (2014) haa sappo (anndaaka tigi tigi sabu ko ɗuuɗi e ɓiɓɓe Gine ɓen dogii leydi mun ndin). Gine laatino kalfaandi Faransi ittude 1898 (hitaande nanngegol Almaami Saamori Tuuree) haa nyannde 2 ottoombur 1958, nyalaande hettaare Gine nden. Hooreejo leydi arano on ko Ahmed Seeku Tuuree (1922-1984). Ɗemngal laamu ngal ko faransi, ɗemɗe leƴƴi leydi ndin ko Sooso, Pular, Maninka, Kisi, Tooma, Berse, Konyagi, Basari, Bajaranke, Baagaa, Lanndumaa ekn. kono ko ɗemɗe tati arane ɗen ɓuretee haaleede. Gine hino tawaa e kawtite leyɗe wano ONU, CEDEAO, UA. Gine Konaakiri: Maanditaare Jaambareeɓe men Maanditaare (anniversary) fayɓe waranooɓe nyannde 22 Siilo ɓen ɓadtike. Taw si woodii ko waylii gila Lansana Kuyaate toɗɗaa hooreejo jaagorɓe ɓaawo nde teemeɗɗe fayɓe waraa, waɗtaa haako nyaayaako? Gila Gine heɓti jeytaare e hitaande 1958, Seeku Tuuree laamii, Ginenaaɓe woowti toonyeede waree, tawa hay huunde suusaa ŋaanyaade. Seeku Tuuree wari ko wari koo fow, ɓurɓe ɓee ko Fulɓe toonyanoo waraa, gila annduɓe rewi e marɓe faa e kelɗuɓe buy o wari, haa hannde huunde hinyaaka, lirnyitaaka sakko goɗɗo nyaawee, maaɗum toonyaaɓe yoɓitee. Gila Lansana Konte ƴetti laamu e hitaande 1984, kanko kadi o warii o toonyii Ginenaaɓe heewɓe, fiikala (although) buy yejjitiino, walla yejinkinike. O lancii cuuɗi e koɗanɗe teemeɗɗe Fulɓe e nder Konaakiri, o raɗike buy e leyɗeele mum’en, tawa haa jooni huunde haalaaka. E lewru Korse (June), 2006, o imminiino koninkooɓe makko, ɓe warii seppooɓe cappanɗe, hay huunde haalaaka fii ɗum ɗoo kadi Awa hay gooto nyaawaaka Nde 22 Siilo (january), ndee ɗoo hitaande fewndiinde, koninkooɓe Konte fellii warii hedde 230 fayɓe seppooɓe, haa jooni bonnuɓe rewnaaka e laawol, tiindinee nunɗal… Taw si ɗum ɗoo fow accirte nih, jam waaloo talloo? Hinyere (inɓestigation) eɓɓanoonde waɗeede fii koninkooɓe fellunooɓe wari seppooɓe ɓen, e lewru Korse, 2006, kam e lewru Siilo, 2007, rewna ɓe e laawol, nyaawa ɓe, maaɗum ɓe tiindoo nunɗal, haa jooni ko ko porɗi, sabu laabiyankooɓe (lawyers) ɓee wenngii tawtoreede maɓɓe e hinyere ndee. Baale fotdeeji (rights groups) no ɗaɓɓira balle cenɗe fow fii heɓtande toonyaaɓe ɓen nunɗal. Goomu hinyooɓe ko yowitii e ngee toonyannge toɗɗanooma gila e lewru Duujal (May), ka batirdu (parliament), kono haa jooni ɓe woondinaaka sakko ɓe fuɗɗoo golle. Men jogaaki yaakaare mawnde e nguu goomu, wonde ngu yaltinanay men njeytudi moƴƴiri", Cerno Maaju Soh, Hooreejo Waalde Ginenaaɓe fii Fotdeeji Neɗɗo (OGDH), holli ɗum IRIN, lewru ɓennundu. No woodi hakkunde bonnuɓe ɓee, yimɓe welduɓe e ɓee wonɓe ka laamu, ko ɗum waɗi hino saɗti fota yo nunɗal ngal gollir no haahiri non," o ɓeyditi. Hari OGDH hino saatii yiidugol e baale fotdeeji goo, nyannde 25 Jolal (Noɓember) "fii eɓɓugol fehre lomtotoonde goo e haɓagol toonyannge ngee", o wii. "Si tawii men waawaali heɓugol ɗoo nunɗal, men yi’ay ko men waawata waɗde, menen e gollideteeɓe amen winndereyankeeɓe ɓee, fii addugol bonnuɓe ɓee ka nunɗal," o wii. Goomu hinyooɓe nguu no halfinanoo tefugol annda fii maayeele waɗɗe ka fuɗɗode hitaande ɗoo, ko non kadi fii ɗeya waɗnooɗe e lewru Korse 2006. Hooreejo Jaagorɓe Lansana Kuyaate, inniino terɗe goomu nguu, e lewru Yarkomaa (Oktober), kono gila ndeen hay fus waɗaaka. Himo lutti e wi’ugol, goomu nguu no waggiɗi taho, ko keccel. Yeewtudugol e koohooɓe laamu nguu kam, fii nduu muraadu jooni wontiino ko toŋaa. IRIN wii. Jooni non, laabiyankooɓe (lawyers) fotnooɓe jeyeede ka goomu (comission) ɓee dartinii tawtoreede maɓɓe heen, ɗum ko fii hollugol tikkere maɓɓe e ko wi’etee jalkite koninkooɓe e cokkooɓe feewde e koohooɓe nunɗal ngal. "E nder Gine, koninkooɓe ɓee e cokkooɓe ɓee fow no e dow yuɓɓo nunɗal (judicial system) nagl", Buubakar Soh, Hooreejo Kawtal Laabiyankooɓe Gine yewti IRIN. Laabiyanke en e nyaawooɓe ndii leydi hino yawaa haa ɓurti, ko maa dartinen ngun jikku" , o wii. Laabiyanke en fow hino e nder tikkere (strike) gila e fuɗɗode lewru Yarkomaa/October, fewndo cokkooɓe (poliisiiɓe) ɓee nanngi gooto e maɓɓe soki, tawi himo yahnoo ka kaso yi’oygol walleteeɗo makko goo jaggaaɗo. Tuma kala, cemmbe kisal ɗee no kammbana men, yenna men, yana e amen", Md. Buubakar Soh yewti IRIN. "So men waawaali rewnugol ɓee ɗoo e laawol, haray pellet goomu hinyooɓe nguu waɗataa ko kelɗi hella ka addugol ɓen koninkooɓe ɓurɓe darnde, waruɓe seppooɓe, fii tiindagol nunɗal", o ɓeyditi. Mammadu Jan Jallo mo minyo mum fellanoo nyannde 22 Siilo, ka seppuru, haalani IRIN wonde: " Muraaɗi kaanay si tawii men heɓaali ko men piirani (haɓani) koo" . Minyo makko, Aamadu Wuuri Jallo, suka mo duuɓi 16 fellanooma fewndo koninkooɓe Konte ɓee udditi yiite e seppooɓe, e lewru Siilo ndee ɗoo hitaande. Ko maanditaare aranere nden woni e arude nih, gila haftaare (uprising) ndee waɗi. Reenooɓe (obserɓers) hino maapii, si tawii ko yoni gollaaka fii nootagol ko ngenndiyankooɓe ɓee hawtaninoo koo, maaɗum addugol bonnunooɓe ɓen ka nunɗal, fii seppooɓe ɓe ɓe tewinoo pas ɓe wari ɓen, si hay fus waɗaaka, hino hulaa wota leydi ndii fettu kadi. Wonande mawniraawo Aamadu Wuuri on, Mammadu Jam Jallo, e buy e warananooɓe maaɗum daraniiɓe nunɗal e wellitaare e nder winndere ndee, ɓeen waranooɓe maayaali mehre. E fillaandu makko kanko Aamadu Wuuri, ndu o fillanii IRIN, o wii: Nyannde 22 Siilo minyo am oo yaltuno seppoyde. O fellaa laabi ɗiɗi, ka wecco (beccal) makko e ka hoƴƴudu. Tawi (hari) himo etaade dogugol koninkooɓe ɓen, ko on saati ɓe felli mo. Fewndo ɗoo, en wi’ataa ɓen maayno mehre, (kanko e hedde 230 waraaɓe goo). Maayde maɓɓe ndee addanii men toɗɗagol hooreejo jaagorɓe keso. Jooni, si men heɓaali kuulanɗe ɗe men haɓani, men piirani ɗen, taway (haray) men jamfike ɓe. Yimɓe ɓee yiɗi ko waylaare –ɗum ko ko hitti e leydi ndii. Ginenaaɓe tampii ko ɓurti, gila ko neeɓi, haa yawtii keerol, gila Gine heɓi jeytaare. Himen hoɗi ɗoo (Hamdallaahi…) e niɓere. Ndaygu e ndiyam hino saɗi, saɗti heɓotaako. Ndaygu heɓike seeɗa, gila hooreejo jaagorɗe keso o toɗɗaa, ɓuri ka wonnoo ɗon law, ado o laamaade, ndiyam kadi heɓike seeɗa e nokkuure ndee (Hamdallaahi). Aran nun, men wonayno yontere maa jonte ɗiɗi tawa hay sintere yaltaali e pompiiji ɗin. Ko maa men sabboo e poccol (saffewol) ko yonata jamɗe (leereeji) ɗuuɗɗe e woyndu wooturu, maa pompiiru wooturu, tawa ko yahugol ka ɓuri 500 meeter woɗɗude, wonaa hay fus si wonaa hebbingol loonde wootere. Jooni, himen heɓa ndiyam pompi balɗe ɗiɗi haa tati e nder yontere, nyalaande wootere no ɓisoo (ɓiloo) hakkunde mum. Muraaɗi kaanay kas kadi si tawii men heɓaali ko men piirani koo, ɗum le ko kelɗingol noone nguurndam amen ɗam. Men waɗii nyalaaɗe mawningol musidɓe amen waraaɓe ɓee, e nder ndee ɗoo nokkuure (Hamdallaahi), ɗum fow ko fii teddingol wonkiiji maɓɓe ɗin, e ɓanngingol wonde fiikala ɓe wondaa e amen hannde, men yejjitataa ɓe haa cay, sibu ɓe maayaali mehre, ɓe maayanii muraadu ndu nunɗal –ɗum ko fii haɓangol fotdeeji amen ɗii. 22 Siilo, heddoto wonde nyalaande nde yejjitetaake wonande sukaaɓe Gine ɓen fow. Men yuɓɓinay cofte pineyankooje (cultural events) fii tokkitagol e teddino ɓeen jaambareeɓe waraaɓe Nguu goomu hinyooɓe wonande jaambareeɓe ɓe koninkooɓe wari ɓen, ko maa ngu ɗaɓɓita ɓee fawtiiɓe ɗii wonkiiji musidɓe amen ɓee. Hiɓe haani jaggeede, nyaawee ɓe leɓtee, haa tawa kuuɗe waaɗe nih, wontaa waɗtu, bone waaɗe nii bonnetaake e nder, wonaa Gine tun, kono ko e nder leyɗe duunde Afriki ndee fow. "Ko maa renndo winndere ngoo faama wonde hino hitti sanne nde ɓe ndaarata, wonaa tun fii sukaaɓe waraaɓe ɓen, kono ko yo ɓe ndaaru kadi fewndaare sukaaɓe Gine acciraaɓe ɓaawo ɓen fof. Ko maa tun laamu ngun wallitoo sukaaɓe ɓen fii heblanagol mawuuri (future) maɓɓe ndii. Gine udditii gite mum ɗen. Ginenaaɓe jooni no anndi holno ɓe waɗirta haa daaɗe maɓɓe ɗen nanee, maaɗum no ɓe piirirta fii heɓtugol fotdeeji maɓɓe ɗin. Honɗum woni ndun seppuru kuuɓal Siilo 22, e sabuuji (dunyooji) mayru? En yewtay ɗum e winndannde men aroore, ngam hindu yoni ko fillee haa lutta, e nder daartol men enen ɓaleeɓe, wonaa Ginenaaɓe tun. Yo Alla ɓeydan en jam e deeƴere. Joogarafii Nassiji Leydi Afirik Alfaya no wai wamo inni parti demokrat, maa repubiliken. Ko fedde ɗaɓɓaynoonde laamu fewndo dawla alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo. Ko kamɓe e Soriyaa'en pooɗotiraynoo fii laamu. Fedde kala no joginoo happu duuɓi ɗiɗi. Si ɗin duuɓi ɗiɗi timmiino, harayno hino haanunoo ka nde accitana laamu ngun ndeya fedde. Wonnde kala ɗun no waawa wi'eede demokaraasi, ɗun adduno lurre mawɗe e nder dawla Fuuta on lo'ini laamu almaamiiɓe ɓen weeɓinani Porto naatugol e leydi ndin. Alamaamiijo Alfaayaa lolluɗo fota ko Bookar Biro, sakkitiiɗo e almamaaku Fuuta ngun. Gine Senegal ko leydi e Afirik Hiirnaange. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Senegal yo Dakaar. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 196.712 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 15.416.000. Nassiji Leydi Afirik Muritani (ar. موريتانيا) ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.030.700 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 3.677.293. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Muritani yo Nouakchott (arab. نواكشوط). Demography Demography: Muritani 1961-2003 Galluure Nouakchott 958.399 (2013) Nouadhibou 118.167 Rosso 51.026 Gallery Leydi Afirik Aamadu Tumaani Tuuree (Amadou Toumani Touré) Hooreejo leydi Maali on. O jibinaa ñannde 4 jolal (nuwambar) 1948 Mopti. Innde makko no lolliri kadi ATT. Himo anndiraa laataade koninkeejo accitanɗo siwiljo laamu ngun, ko heewaa nder Afirik. E hitaande 1991, caggal jamaa Maali on murtanii Persidan Muusaa Tarawore, lamɗo mo ɓe wemmbinoo fota e juuɗe mum, larme on felli wari yoga e yimɓe kono neeɓitaali Aamadu Tumaani Tuuree liɓi laamu makko ngun nodditi Conférence Nationale, ko ɗum woni konferansi ngenndiijum. Ɓaawo ɗon seeɗa, 1992, woote demokaraasiyankeeje waɗaa, Tumaani Tuuree jonniti laamu ngun siwiljo, ɗum ko Alfaa Umar Konaare. Ɓaawo Konaare timminii happu mum ɗiɗaɓu ngun 2002, Tumaani Tuuree arti e nder dawrugol (polotigi): o fooli Sumayla Siisee ka woote. Gila ɗum himo laamii leydi Maali. O hollitii ko neeɓaali wonde o goddanaa luttugol e laamu saanga happu makko feewndiingu ngun lanni. Kono ɗum haɗaali koninkooɓe follude mo ñannde 22 maarasi 2012 sabu e ko ɓe feliri mo kon, o tinnaaki e tiindaagol murtituɓe Burdameeɓe (Tuwaareg'en) ɓen foltaniiɓe laamu ngun ka nano leydi. Hooreejo ɓen koninkooɓe no innee Aamadu Sanogo. Ñannde 8 ibriilu, Tumaani Tuuree hollitii wonde o accitii laamu ngun o wi'i hay gooto non doolaali mo e waɗirgol non ko kanko tigi e hoore makko anniyii accitugol ngu. Tumaani Tuuree ko e leñol Soŋay jeyaa ka jibinannde kono nde wonnoo ko hakkunde Fulɓe Maasina o neʼaa, ko o Hal-pular mo pulaaku mum timmi tis. Maali Afirik laatike duungal (e faransiire maa enngeleere: continent). Hiimobe Fulfulde Duungal Fulfulde walla pulaar maa pular ko ɗemngal Fulɓe e Haalpulaar'en. Ɗemngal ngal no haalee e leyɗe keewɗe e Afirik. Haalooɓe fulfulde-pulaar ina kawra miliyonji 60 haa 80. Ɗemngal ngal ina jeyaa e Suudu ɗemɗe Hiirnaange Atlantik, taweteendu kanyum duu e nder suudu ɗemɗe afirikankeeje ɓurndu yaajude wi'eteendu Niiser-Konngo. Ɗemɗe goɗɗe jeyaaɗe e ndun suudu ngoni: ce'aar (ɗemngal seereero) e njolfo. E ɗeen ɗiɗi ko seereero ɓuri ɓadondirde e pulaar. Caltuɗe 1. Caltuɗe: Ko ɓuri heewde koo, pulaar ina feccee waɗee caltuɗe jowi mawɗe kawrooje e dawlaaji Fulɓe taariikayankooji (dawlaaji Fulɓe adiiɗi laamu kolonaaku). Kannje ngoni: Pulaar Fuuta Tooro (no gasa ko e ngal diiwal ɗemngal ngal yalti), leydi Senegal Pular Fuuta Jaloo, leydi Gine, Fulfulde Maasina, leydi Maali, Fulfulde Liptaako, leydi Burkinaa Faso, Fulfulde Adamawa, leydi Niiseriya e Kamarun. Feccoore go'o no waawa wonirde nii: Pular Fuuta Jaloo (Gine, Sarliyon, e Gine-Bisaawo) Pulaar Fuuta Tooro Senegaal, Muritani, e Maali hiirnaange Pulaar Firdu (maa Fulaadu maa Fulakunnda) Fulfulde Maasina (ana anndira "Maasinaŋkoore" ; Maali) Fulfulde Liptaako (Burkina Faso) Fulfulde Borgu (Benen e Togo) Fulfulde Hakkundeeri Najeeriya (laamu Usmaani Ɓii Fooduyee, wano Sokoto) Fulfulde Adamaawa (ana anndira "Aadamankoore" ; Naajeeriya e Kamarun e Caadi e Suudan e Afirka Cakaari) Ko ɓuri kon e Fulfule ɗen hino humii e gootal e diiwe limtaaɗe ɗoo, e piide misal si en ƴettii Fulfulde Bagirmi, ɗum ko leydi e nder Caad, ko e Adamaawankoore nden jeyaa. Fulfulde Funnaange Niijer ko e Fulfulde Hakkundeeri Najeeriya ɓuri jeydude, Fulfulde Hiirnaange Niijer ko e Liptaakuure e Maasinankoore jeyaa. So en teskiima, ma en taw ina heddii fahin caltuɗe ɗalaaɗe hono pulaar Fulaadu (ɓaleeri Senegal e Gammbiya), Fulfulde Borgu e nder leydi Benen, fulfulde diiwaanuuji hakkunde Naajeeriya. Kono ɗeen pulfule na ɓadii goɗɗe e ɗee ɗe adi-ɗen limtude yeru Borgu no ɓadondiri e Maasina, Fulaadu no nanndi e Fuuta Tooro no nanndi e Fuuta Jaloo, e maanaa no hakkunde maa fulfulde Caad walla Sudan ko e Adamawa jeydi. Alkule Alkule lateŋ 2. Alkule: gila teemedannde sappo e jeetataɓere nden, pulaar-fulfulde no winndiree alkule aarabe. Haa hannde no fellitaa wonnde e leyɗe goɗɗe yeru Fuuta Jaloo maa Aadamawa, Fulɓe ko alkule aarabe ɓuri doolnoraade. fulɓe non sinciino binndi goo ko wonaa ajami, wano "Miimiyee afrika, kaɓɓe,.. Gila hakkunde duuɓi 1950 han 1960, sukaaɓe fulɓe iwruɓe baŋŋe fow jangaynooɓe to jaaɓi hattirde Misra e leyɗeele Aarabeeɓe goo, no huutora alkule latin ngam winndude pulaar. Ko e hitaande 1966 to bensondiral mawngal Bamako, Fulɓe ɓen fottani winndirde abajada laten. Ndiin mbinndudi innniraa abajada UNESCO maa alkule UNESCO. Ɗen golle waɗi itti ñannde 28 2ɓuru han 5 3ɓuru. No jeyanoo e tawaaɓe ɗen golle, Aamadu Hampaate Bah; ko kanko jooɗaninoo ton ɗemngal fulfulde wonndude e Alfaa Ibrahiim Soo. Ɓaawo kawral maɓɓe e huutorde alkule latin ɗee, ɓe sinci alkule addayɗe hitooji fulfulde ɗin. Ko ɗen woni: ɓ ɗ ŋ ƴ Ɓaawo jonnde Bamako ndee, laamuuji ɗin yamiraa yaltinngo dekeree ngam anndinnde fof wonnde ko ɗee ɗoo woni alkuke Fulɓe. E leydi Senegal ñannde 16 6ɓuru 1980, Senngor yaltini dekere on e kuulal 80-1049. Ko e fewndo on saa'a kadi Duɗal Ɗemɗe Ngenndiije Moritani sincaa. Fewndo on yonta e leydi Gine, Seeku Tuure hari yamiriino jannirgol ɗemɗe muynaaɗe ɗen kono o jaɓaano tawtude jonnde Bamoko nden. Fii heɓugol hitooji pular ɗin, ko alkule ɓasaaɗe ɓe huutortonoo; yeru: ɓ = bh, ɗ = ɗ, ekn... Ɗum non no heddii e hakkile ɓiɓɓe Gine heewuɓe haa ka woni; ɓe nanay tun alkuke pular ɓe miijoo e alkuke ɗe Seeku huutori ɗen sabu ɗen maraano hitooji pular ɗin fof. E hitaande 1978 UNESCO waɗuno jonnde Ñamey, leydi Niijeer gila ñannde 17 han 21 6ɓuru. Jonnde noddiraande, Jonnde Fanniyankeeɓe fii Winndugol e Faamondiral ɗemɗe Afriknaaje. E nden jonnde, toowa ganndeeɓe heewuɓe immoriiɓe e leyɗeele Afrik e Orop tawdano ɗum. Jooɗaniiɗo ton ɗemngal fulfulde ko Profesor Alfaa Ibraahiima Soo, immoriiɗo to dawla Faransi. Ko soñaa e ɗen golle, ko nawtaama to dawlaaji Afriknaaji ngam haa wona tuugnorde e winndugol ɗemɗe mum ngenndiije. Tuggude gila ngal nanondiral waɗi fii winndugol pular, waɗii battane mawɗo e binndol e jannde ɗemngal pular. Gila 1966 heɓi hannde, no buri 2000 tiitoode, e kala fannu ganndal, winndaa ɗum e pular tawa ko e latin. Lowe geese heewuɗe no woodi tawa ko e pular ɗe winndata, tawa ko latin ɗe huutortoo. Alkule ɗen ngoni: a e i o u b mb ɓ c d nd ɗ f g ng h j nj k l m n ñ ŋ p r s t w y ƴ ' Sincugol ndiin mbinndudi e dow nanondiral haɗaali Fulɓe sincude alkule kese, noddana ɗe Adlam 𞤀𞥄 𞤁 𞤂 𞤃 𞤄 𞤅 𞤆 𞤇 𞤈 𞤉 𞤊 𞤋 𞤌 𞤍 𞤎 𞤏 𞤐 𞤑 𞤒 𞤓 𞤔 𞤕 𞤖 𞤗 𞤘 𞤙 𞤚 𞤛 ko Alkule ɗe yoga e Fulɓe mbinndirta jooni e nder leyɗeele duunde Afrik lutti [Seneggal] e [Moritani]. Ko alkule kese, pentaaɗe [Gine] hitaande 1989 immorde e Abdoulaay e Ibaraahiima Barry. Ko ɓee ɗiɗo sinciɗe, daraniiɗe ɓaawo ɓe faamineede woodeede alkule pular kono tawi hakkil maɓɓe ƴettaa ɗum. Alkule ɗeen ko 28 e limtol daraniiɓe ɗen alkule, kono ko ɗe 32 si muume ñonndinaɗe ɗee (n'g, n'j, n'b, n'd) tawdaama hen. Jokkuɓe ɗin binndi no yeynaɗi e nder Gine e leyɗeele goo ngam Afriknaaɓe fof huutorooɗi (fulɓe e ko wonaa). Pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, woni ɗemngal keeringal to banŋŋe innude geɗe e rokkude ɗumʼen ma'anaa. Paygol maggal ina fawii he toɓɓe keewɗe, ko wayi no heewde alkule e mbaadi pirligol golle e firo kelmeendi… Alkule : pulaar/fulfulde ɓuri heewde alkule e farayse e arab e enngele… (32 alkulal). Won alkule ɗe ɗemngal ngal jogii weeɓaani tawde he ɗemɗe goɗɗe, ko wayi no alkule ɗ, ƴ, ŋ… Pirlitgol golle : pulaar fulfulde ina jogii lomto gollooɓe 7ɗo so en limtii heen lomto golloowo naattinoowo : enen, ko noon ne so en ƴeewii gollal jogorngal, to bannge sahaa, angal firlitiree he mbaadiiji keewɗi : maa o ar, omo ara, o arat, o aroyat, o aratno, o aratnoo… Firo kelme : kelmeendi pulaar/fulfulde ina heerorii fayde mum, cañki pulaar fulfulde ina ɗelñira karallaagal timmungal e ñeeñal baydungal : ina holla en ɗuum mahdi helmere pulaar Pelle inɗe : ɗemngal ngal ina jogii pelle inɗe hedde 20 tawi heen fedde kala ina jogii hattan kaawniiɗo ngam sifaade innde toɗɗii nde. En njuutnotaako ɗoon sabu ɗuum ɓooyii yimeede Ceekirɗe : ɗoon ne kadi en njuutnotaako sabu jooni kala janngoowo ɗemngal ngal anndii wonde e nder helmere wootere eɗen mbaawi dañde ceekirɗe keewɗe haa helmere nde metta wowlude yeru : naftondiroyde, walla jiiɓoo wowlude jiiɓoo faamde, yeru : ɓamtinondiriroroyatno ; te seekirde heen kala arda e maanaa mum. Ngam añde woɗɗinoyde, sabu en mbaawaa te en kattanaani haalde fof, njahen he toɓɓere sakkitiinde he ndee ɗo lowre, ɗum woni maanaa ɓesɗo. _ Kelme keewɗe ngam maanaa gooto: pulaar/fulfulde ina jogii hattan seɗde maanaa helmere yaltina firoyon mum tokoson ngonkon nder mum. Aɗa waawi yiyde kelme sappo walla ɓura tawi ko he maanaa gooto. Ngam newnude golle men ƴeften yeru he kelme ɓurɗe baɗtinde he nguurndam fulɓe: a/ toɓo: jannja, ngatamaare, maamaare, wis_wis, yaral (jaral), juko, Demmba diŋaare, hokkitere, mbayritam, bowte… b/ laawol: burdubujol(walla ballaŋaawol), mosol, jurol, lappol, bolol, celol, codol,perol, kallu(walla kallol…), mbedda(walla mbeddawol)… c/ haɓɓude: fiɓde, jomde, ŋaaŋde,ŋeeŋde, raɗaade, wajde, humde, saande (saanaade), worsude, dokkaade… d/ ndiyam: maayo, caanngol, weendu, fetere (feto), deedal, berjal, reebelde, njarka, sewnde, laddungol… e/ leydi: ceenal(seeno),mbaalwaaldi, jehjegol, hollalde, jakre, waka jiiju, jaaka maka, wallere, haraawo(karawal, taccoonde), karhaaƴol(woojeere, tiŋaale)… Eɗen mbaawi teskaade ɗo kelmeendi mbaawndi wallitde gannde kese; eɗen teskina wonde Tafsiiru JIGGO (yoo GENO yurmo ɗum), gooto he sanɗaaji Misira won ko waɗnoo heen ko faati he ganndal ndema Eɗen mbaawi raɓɓiɗinaade ɗo, tawi kadi eɗen nganndi en memaani fannuuji goɗɗi bayɗi no inɗe kuɗi e leɗɗe, sifaaji jawdi, poñndi (he ɗemngal waañooɓe e awooɓe) e nehaandi (he ɗemngal aynooɓe), keneeli, koode, ekn… Eɗen mbaawi wiyde ɗo waɗde pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa, ŋarɗungal. Maa a taw ko ɗuum addani won heen (Bookar Tijjaani Njaay) wiyde ko GENO tellini ngal he ŋarɗeende maggal, wiyi yimɓe maggal “ko MIIN tagani on ngal mbele oɗon ngona ɓe AM”. Eɗen mbaawi wiyde kadi ko ngal ɗemngal ɓooyngal , Bookar Tijjaani hollitii wonde Fulɓe koɗdiino he israa’iilanaaɓe, o hollitii haatumeere kelme teemedere he hebroore walla ɓura, tawi kañje kala eɗe nanndi he kelme pulaar/fulfulde to wowlaango e to maanaa (en njiɗaani addude ɗo laaɓndal to Fulɓe ngummii, holi mo ɓe njiidi). Kono kadi eɗen poti ustude bakkooji ha ngannden so ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hattan wuurde haa yeeso e daɗde e gaatuleeje aduna keso o. mbele ɗemngal men ngal ina jogii hannde nduun fittaandu haa waawa ɓamtaade no ɗemɗe koɗdiiɗe ɗe ni. Sabu wonde ɗemngal men ngal limtaaka e ɗemɗe daɗooje ɗo e 2036 ina miijtinii hay so en kulaani. Kañum ni, wondi ko, hay sinno ɗemngal men ngal wonii ɗemngal maanaa, ko gila hanki, he nder nguurndam mawɓe men keeriɗam. Ko mawɓe men ngollii haa ngal wayi noon. Kono enen hannde en poti laaɓndaade ko mbaɗ-ɗen e ko pot-ɗen waɗde sabu eɗen keewi caɗeele: Caɗeele wosteede : duɗe tuubakooɓe e kesamhesamaagu e jaajngol gure waɗii haa ko ɓuri heewde he men nattii haalde ɗemngal ngal no fotiri (ɗooftaade doosɗe maggal) walla nattii haalde ngal En ngustiima he faarnoraade ɗemngal ngal: nattii no waynoo he diŋire… Ŋakkere paamondiral: he miijo am, ceerundal kinɗe e ngaddinaaji fotnoo ko alɗinde goodal men; kono so waɗii duuñondiral e deentondiral tan jibinta ko tanaaji ɗi njiɗaaka tawi ittaani. Caɗeele firo: so pulaar/fulfulde wonii ɗemngal maanaa ne ina jogii caɗeele firde yoga e kelme kese yeru helmere “sens” e farayse firdee maanaa (iwdi arab), waɗde mbiyen pulaar/fulfulde ko ɗemngal maanaa ngal firataa maanaa. Yimɓe ɓe fof kawraani he no pirdaten kelme kese ɗe: so en pirat ɗe tan he ɗemɗe goɗɗe hay so wonaa pulaar walla so en pentanat ɗum helmere fulɗinaande hay so faamaamuya mum in noddi tiinnaare mawnde. Internet Fulfulde Fulfulde Dictionaire Fulfulde http://pulaar.org kuɗol Abdullaay jallo to Ari founda. E yeewtere Amadou mouctara thiam. (Radio fulɓe) Fulɓe Ɗemɗe Maanditorde, en ksanttemantte du hufunde kuritkamas hitratiras. Wikipeediya Bahai Diina Innde. alla yettaama baŋngeeje fof. (pellital ngenndi, tiba witto dow jeeri.). Laawol danndoore ko deftere wootere, e defte pulaar. Kono ko deftere (iisa yanŋkooɓe). Ko ndeen njidden, haalde haala mum. Ɓe mbi'ii, mariyaama Almaami ko jammoore takketeende e innde hooreeɓe dawlaaji Fulɓe fewndo alsilamaaku, dawlaaji adiiɗi fuɗɗagol laamu kolonaaku. Almaamiiɓe ɓen laatino hooreeɓe ka baŋŋe diina e ka baŋŋe laamu sabu almaami ko juulnoowo, ardiiɗo juulooɓe. Nder Fuuta Jaloo, almaamiiɓe nantuɓe innde ko wano Almaami Boukar Biro, Almaami Sori Mawɗo, Karamoko Alfaa sincunooɗo dawla Fuuta on. Nder leyɗe Manndinkooɓe ko Almaami Saamoodu maa Saamori Tuuree ɓuri lollude. Fulɓe funnaange anndiraaka noddirgol noon hooreejo maɓɓe. Ko inɗe yeeru Amiiru maa Laamiiɗo ɓuri jaalaade toon. Hiimoɓe Taariika Afirik Kamerun (maa Kamarun; Faranse: Cameroun; Angale: Cameroon) ɗoum leydi ngonndi haa Caka Afiriik. Ɗoum leydi marndi nafuda haa Caka Afiriik. Taariihawol Kamerun laatino koloni Alman'en ammaa ɓaawo Konu Winndere Aranu lesdi ndiin halfinaa Faransi e Enngele. Kamerun heɓti ndimaaku mum 1960. Horeeɓe / Laamuɓe Hooreejo leydi ɗon wi'e Paul Biya. Oɗon laamii lesdi ndiin daga 1982. Hooreejo leydi aranndeejo Ahmadu Ahiijo wi'ete. O laamii daga 1960 sey 1982.mo laamaké duubi 22 nden mo hokkiti laamou haa kuudidiraawo makko mo wiété Paul Biya. Hanko djogi laamou leydi din haa dukkango handé (2020). Kamerun leydi demal, leydi durde na'i e kooseeje (adamaawa , mandara ...) e diwoodi 10 provinces dermaari den wuromawngo (kapital) wi'ete yawunde (yaoundé). lesdi kamerun eherri gal woyla nijer (Niger) , caadi (Tchad) ; fuunange RCA ; hirna bo niseeriya (Nigeria); fonbina : gine ekatorial , gabon , congo. Climat leydi man wona gootum nder mayri du. Her fombina woni climat équatorial. E tindiné bee duudal tobo (iyeendé) e non feesaaré laddé tekkundé. Ton man woni guré mawdé ban Yawundé, Duaala (herri e mayo teeku). Her woyla din leydi woni climat tropical bee tobo e laddé koytiido. Ton woni her woyla guré mawdé ban Ngaoundéré, Garoua, Maroua. Kamerun mari maadjé mawdé ilandé wadi fombina (Sanaga, wouri, sangha, Nyong...) e woyla (Logone, Benoue,...). Nokku burdo towgo woni Mont Kamerun (4100 m) Leyyi e demgal Demngal kuugal e djangirdé ha leydi Kamerun woni Faransaaré e angileeré. Her Kamerun do tawé leyyi feeré feeré ko 250. Her fombina woni Djumla wieteebé Bantu en (Fang-Beti, sawa, pygmée...) e dow nokkuudjé towdé do tawé Semi-Bantu en (Bamiléké, Bamun, Tikar, Grass-field en...). Her Woyla do tawé leyyi duddi ko nandi e Fulbé (leydé Adamaawa, Garwa, Marwa...), Mbum (Adamaawa), Fali, gidar...(leydi Garwa), Giziga, Tupuri, Musgum, Mandara, Kanuri, Mafa, Kotoko, arabe chua... (Leydi Marwa). Fulfulde do wolwé haa woyla Kamerun fu. Yimbé leydi Kamerun be remoobé, filoobé, e non be duroobe. Amma ka durgol hertani Fulbé ko fanti nder woyla layri fu. Diina Her leydi Kamerun, duudal yimbé woniibé ton fu dum tokkiibé diina Kirista (christianisme) amma diina lislam ho no feesi her woyla mayri sanné. S diwoodi 10 provinces dermaari den wuromawngo (kapital) wi'ete yawunde (yaoundé). lesdi kamerun eherri gal woyla nijer (Niger) , caadi (Tchad) ; fuunange RCA ; hirna bo niseeriya (Nigeria); fonbina : gine ekatorial , gabon , congo. Climat leydi man wona gootum nder mayri du. Her fombina woni climat équatorial. E tindiné bee duudal tobo (iyeendé) e non feesaaré laddé tekkundé. Ton man woni guré mawdé ban Yawundé, Duaala (herri e mayo teeku). Her woyla din leydi woni climat tropical bee tobo e laddé koytiido. Ton woni her woyla guré mawdé ban Ngaoundéré, Garoua, Maroua. Kamerun mari maadjé mawdé ilandé wadi fombina (Sanaga, wouri, sangha, Nyong...) e woyla (Logone, Benoue,...). Nokku burdo towgo woni Mont Kamerun (4100 m) gal e djangirdé ha leydi Kamerun woni Faransaaré e angileeré. Her Kamerun do tawé leyyi feeré feeré ko 250. Her fombina woni Djumla wieteebé Bantu en (Fang-Beti, sawa, pygmée...) e dow nokkuudjé towdé do tawé Semi-Bantu en (Bamiléké, Bamun, Tikar, Grass-field en...). Her Woyla do tawé leyyi duddi ko nandi e Fulbé (leydé Adamaawa, Garwa, Marwa...), Mbum (Adamaawa), Fali, gidar...(leydi Garwa), Giziga, Tupuri, Musgum, Mandara, Kanuri, Mafa, Kotoko, arabe chua... (Leydi Marwa). Fulfulde do wolwé haa woyla Kamerun fu. Yimbé leydi Kamerun be remoobé, filoobé, e non be duroobe. Amma ka durgol hertani Fulbé ko fanti nder woyla layri fu. Diina Her leydi Kamerun, duudal yimbé woniibé ton fu dum tokkiibé diina Kirista (christianisme) amma diina lislam ho no feesi her woyla mayri sanné. Hiimoɓe Leydi Afirik Aameerik duungal. Duungal Alfaa Yaayaa Jallo ko lamɗo diiwal Labe wonnoo, fewndo dawla alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo. Diiwal Labe ngal laatino fayda feccere Fuuta Jaloo, hakkee ko ngal yaajunoo, tentii ɓaawo dahugol leyɗeele janane wano leydi Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe) Ngaabu. O jibinaa e hitaande 1850, geɗal Kumanco ɓiɗɗo debbo lamɗo Ngaabu on Janke Waali. O etii sortugol diiwal makko ngal e laamu Timmbo ngun. O tawano e janfiiɓe Almaami Bookar Biro ɓen. Nde o tawnoo Faransiiɓe ɓen eɓɓii dahugol Fuuta yewa laamu Almaamiiɓe ɓen, o ndaari no o gollidira e maɓɓe fii no o danndira laamu makko ngun. Ko nden faljere mawnde heɓunoo ardiiɓe Fuuta ɓen heewɓe e ngun jamaanu: ɓe anndaa feere bonnde Faransiiɓe ɓen ko "diviser pour régner" (waddindira laamoo), e maanaa ko addugol lurral hakkunde ɓiɓɓe leydi fii no joɗɗinira njaggu mun e hoore maɓɓe. Nde Faransiiɓe ɓen foolunoo Bookar Biro ka hare Pooredaaka e hitaande 1896 ɓe immanii follirgol lamɓe diiwe wallunooɓe ɓe gooto gooto kanyun e seekugol leyɗe maɓɓe watta pattaloy pattaloy. E hitaande 1905 ɓe janfii Alfaa Yaayaa ɓe egginiri mo Dahome. Ɓaawo ɗun ɓe artiri mo Fuuta kono o fuɗɗii eɓɓindaade fii dartagol laamu Porto ngun. Portooɓe ɓen huli darja makko huli wota o murtin leydi ndin. Ɓe nanngiti mo ɓe egginiri mo ngol ɗoo laawol Moritani. Ko ɗon o faatii e hitaande 1912. 1969 laamu PDG (Seeku Tuuree) artiri furee makko on kanko e Almaami Saamori Gine. Hiɓe belnaa berɗe Kamerun ka laamorde Konaakiri. Yimre ngenndiyankoore (Hymne National) Gine nden ko e gimol "Deemankan" tuugii: ko jeliiɓe Manndinkooɓe yimannoo Alfaa Yaayaa ngol gimol. Hannde hannde Gine no semmbini fii Alfaa Yaayaa ƴettiri mo wa ŋanaajo leydi ndin mawɗo kono taariika makko on hollitii wonnde himo tawaa e bonnunooɓe dawla mo Karamoko Alfaa sincunoo on sabu ko lurre e janfaaji hakkunde yeesooɓe Fuuta ɓen to qarnu 19aɓo lo'ini tugale on dawla udditani kolonaaku laawol. Nassiji Richard Andrew Lobban, Jr. and Peter Karibe Mendy, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, 3rd ed. (Scarecrow Press, 1997), p. 72 Thierno Diallo, Alfa Yaya, roi du Labe (Fouta Djallon) (Dakar, 1984) page with book cover Yimɓe Gine Konaakri al (laamorde) leydi Gine, takko Baharu Atalantik, Konaakiri no mahii e suriire Tommbo kanyun e nanndo-suriire Kaluum. Ko e hitaande 1887 Portooɓe ɓen sincunoo saare Konaakiri ɓe watti nde kapital koloni maɓɓe wi'etenooɗo Rivières du Sud on tuma, laatinooɗo ɓaawo ɗon seeɗa Guinée-Française. Taariika Yimɓe yimɓe hoɗuɓe e mayre no yaha wa miliyon gooto e ko fawi (woɓɓe no tuumi miliyonji 2 (2017)). Faggudé Gine Labe ko saare mawnde e nder Fuuta Jaloo, Gine ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Labe no kerni to nano e perefektiir Maali, to hiirnaange Leelumaa, to nyaamo Pita e Dalabaa, to funnaange Tuge e Kubiyaa. Saare nden ko komin, ko heddii kon ko suuperefektiirji 12: Dalen, Tunturun, Sannun, Jonfo, Kaalan, Nusi, Daara-Labe, Aafiya, Garammbe, Jaari, Kura-Manngi, Poopodara. Yimɓe Labe no jogii hannde 280.000 yimɓe. Taariika Ka taariika, Labe ko e hitaande 1755 sincaa kono no gasa ka tawee hoɗannde adiinde Labe nden no woodi gila laamateeri Gana maa Malle maa ko adii ɗum. Innde nden ko e haala jalunke ittaa, e maanaa Labe ko hoɗannde Jalunkeeɓe ka attorum kono taariika on ko Karamoko Alfaa mo Labe maandiniri sincugol saare nden. Fewndo alsilamaaku Fuuta Jaloo, Labe laatino diiwal ɓurngal mawnude ngal e diiwe ɗen jeenay. Hingal anndiranoo kadi pooɗotiral ɗuuɗungal e almaamiiɓe ɓen. Ko ɗum addunoo Portooɓe ɓen yaltingol Labe e laamu Fuuta ngun waɗta ɗum laamateeri feere. Alfaa Yaayaa ko laamɗo Labe ɓurɗo lollude on ka timmoode teemedannde 1900. Saare nden laatino kadi nokkuure ganndal e jannde diina lislaamu e wallifaaku. Hannde Labe ko saare njulayaagal hittunde teeŋtii e baŋŋe mbattiigu wondude e Senegal e Gammbi. Faggudé Faggudu Labe ndun ko hasii kon ko njulayaagal, e demal, e ngaynaaku e golleeji nyeenyuɓe wano gude leppi. Iniwersité Labe no jogii kadi jaaɓi-haaɗtirde (iniwersite). E Maamun Kinndiyaa Gine Buubakar Biro maa Boukar Biro ko almaamiijo sakkitoro on Fuuta Jaloo. Ko o geɗaljo Almaami Umaru e Neene Jaarii'u. O etino bonnitugol maa ɗuytugol jeyal-hoore ngal diiwe Fuuta ɗen joginoo ngal e tiiɗingol laamu Timmbo ngun. O darniri non laamu njaggu ngu woowanooka Fuuta. Ko ɗun waɗi Bookar Biro haɓidi e ko ɓurnoo kon e hooreeɓe Fuuta ɓen fewndo ngun jamaanu wano Alfaa Yaayaa lamɗo Labe on. Ɗun hawri kadi e fuɗɗagol Porto naatugol e leydi ndin, sabu on tuma hari leyɗe takkiiɗe Fuuta ɗen fow yanii e laamu kolonaaku. Ɓayti Bookar Biro hawrii e Faransiiɓe ɓen ka hare Pooredaaka (hannde ɗun ko e perefektiir Maamun woni) nuuwambur 1896, hooreeɓe Fuuta ɓen fow salii wallude mo. Tawi kadi Portooɓe ɓen no ɓuri aalaaji hare kelɗuɗi. Ko ɗon Bookar Biro foolaa waraa kanyun e wonndiɓɓe mun. Ko ɗon hettaare Fuuta nden timmi, Fuuta wattaa e nder koloni wi'eteeɗo Rivières du Sud, wontoyɗo ɓaawi ɗon seeɗa Guinée Francaise. Almamaaku Bookar Biro ngun hawriduno e murtal Hubbuuɓe ngal, do'unoongal yirbinde laamu Fuuta ngun. Hiimoɓe Gine «Egilis Haqiiqaajo mo Iisaa Almasiihu» ko egilis jeyɗo hoore mu’um, sincaaɗo e hitaande 1917 Beyjin leydi Siini. Ko egilis laatiiɗo catal siininkewal jeyaangal e fedde nasaarankaaku porotestan’en feenyunoonde hedde hitaande 1900. Egilis on no jogii miliyon gooto e feccere yimɓe e nder aduna on. Egilis on no gomɗini e finnde pentekosta nde dewal mu’um ngal tuugii e dokkal Ruuhu Seniiɗo on. Geɗe sellinirɗe liimanaaku ngun ko ɗee sappo: Ruuhu Seniiɗo Lonngal hoore Lonngal koyɗe Kawtal Iisaa Almasiihu Nyalaande Fowtere (Sabbat) Iisaa Almasiihu Biibul (Defete Alla) Kisal Egilis Feenyugol Joomiraaɗo Diina Anndal nyawndugol yimɓe, tuugiingal e gannde fewndiiɗe, e tasakuyeeji, ko aldaa e mbilehu maa nyanneyaagal. Uetersen (ˈyːtɐzən) ko galluure nder Almaanya. Almaanya Naajeeriya e Hukumaare Hautugo Naajeeriya un Leydii e Afrik Hirnajun. Gaɗa Woyla eɗi Hakkuɗe Shaaka Hakkude sahel ɗembo e juggol Guneau gaɗa fombina ɗun juggol Atlantica. Eɗi wooɗi jaajirka leydi ko jaruuɗun kilomita 923,769 (356,669 sq mi) ɗembbo eɗi wooɗi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe ko haa ɓuri miliyanji 216, kairi woni leydi ɓurɗi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe e Afrik, ɗembo ɗi jeweɗiɗi e duniyaaru ɓurɗi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe Naajeeriya nɗi hauti keerol e Nijar eta woila Chad Republic gaɗa fo wayla haa e fuuna Cameroun gaɗa fuuna e ɗembo Benin ta hirna Naajeeriya un jamhuriyawal ngal kautugal ngal haa wooɗi diiweji 36 e ɗemɓo mauɗe gelle hautugo Abuja ɗen kanjike wuudu laamu leydi ɗin. Gelle mauɗe e Naajeeriya kanje ke Laagos eɗi go gaɗa ɗer gelleji mauɗi e duniyaru ɗembo gelle ɗiɗaaɓe ɓurɗe maugu e Afrik. Usul Inde Lesdi Ndin Ɗun wurtinoyi inde Naajeeriya gaɗa e juggo Niger laatigol daashigol leydi ɗin. Ɗun ƙirƙirake ɗenɗen inɗe e yalɗe 8 ɗun Janairu 1897 gaɗa goɗɗo kuwowo kuuɗe habaruji ɗi Britainean Flora Shaw kanko gaɗa ɗen mo ɓaagi Lord Lugard hanko laati arɗuujo e lamu boɗeejo mallakiɗi mo Britain. Tsarago Laamu Naaajeeriya un jamhuriyawal kautugal e tsareji laamuji maagal tokkuɗi eɗun Amerika. Inare mo bawal yaahirki hanko wooni arɗiɗo leydi. Arɗujo leydi kanko wooni jaagorɗo ɗembo mauɗo gomnatire hautugo; eɗun subta arɗujo eta laawol kuriyaaji yimɓe yaari ɓurɗun maugu wa’aɗu ɗiiɗum ɗun ɗuuɓi naayi. Majalisu dotti’en eɓe ngooɗi wakiltiɓe ɓe ɗaaroɓe arɗuugal mauɗo leydi inare eɗun hautiɓe e suudu wooru ɗun inɗe National Assembly. Majalisu dotti’en ke ɓe jooɗerɗe 109 ɓe wakillentaato gaɗa koɗame diiwal hai bo gimɗo gooto gaɗa gelle mauɗe hautugo Abuja eɗun subta memɓa’en ɓen dai eɓe ngooɗi joɗerle 360, inare ɗuuɗirka joɗerle e koɗeye diiwal tantanshoto ɗuuɗirka yimɓe. Sifaaji Naajeeriya ko leydi e duungal Afirik Naajeeriya (/naɪˈdʒɪəriə/ (nanu)), ɓurndi ɗuuɗal yimɓe nder duungal Afirik, ndi yimɓe ɓe hiisaango yottini miliyonji 211. Keerniiɗum Kawtal Mooɓgal Naajeeriya, ɗum lesdi on haa hirnaanngeere Afirka, keeri bee Niijer haa wayla, Chadi haa wayla walaadu hirna, Kamerun haa fuuna, nden Benin haa hirna. Ndi wortoongo haa fommbina lonyoodu Gine haa nder maayo Filitiingo Atlantic. Ɗum kawtal mooɓgal diiwe (jahaaji) 36 bee 1 Laamorde kawtal cappal, laamorde ndeen haa galluure Abuuja woni. Tuuginurde lesdi (constitution) tinndini Naajeeriya dow diiwal dimukuraaɗiyya on.[6] Gallol ɓurngol mawngu e Naajeeriya ko Lagos. Lasgi E Ɗemle E wooɗi ɗemle 521 e Naajeeriya jewenayi eɗer maaje ɗe majji. E goɗɗe geɓɓe Naajeeriya lasgi eɓe bolwiral bolle ko ɓuuri go’o ɗun subti wolɗe ɗe ɗun huutirta e hukuma Naajeeriya biaɗe English gamma hoinuuki hautuki koo (hore) yimɓe ummatore e laawol heɓirki kautal hore ɗun ɗemle e lesdi ɗin hollingo laamu boɗejo mallakiɓe ɓe Britain ɗunɗun waɗɗi keerol maajun e ɗungu 1960. Ɗemle mauɗe ɗeɗun wolwirta (woldata’emaje) e Naajeeriya eɗe wakilto mauɗe yalji tati ɗun ɗemle Afrik. Ɗuuɗirka ɗemle Niger-Congo kammani Igbo, Yoruba, Ibibio, Ijaw, Fulfulde, Ogoni e Edo. Kanuri ɗeɗun woldata e woyla ta fuuna musamman e Borno ɗen e Yobe geɓal gal leyol nilo-saharanje kanjun maaboɗen bolle ɗemgal hausare un ɗemgal eɗun Afroasiatic. Fuu e wiiki ɗuuɗirka laasgi ɗi ɓuri yidgo wolɗuki e wolde ɗemgal Englishire eɗau jonɗe ɗemgal hukumare eɗun huutiraɗe semɓe e inaje hokkuki ilmu (famgo) ɗembo e inare luumɓe. Turankore e jonɗe wolɗe artuɗe un goɗɗe seɗɗaje gaɗa ɗer gelleji leydi ɗin kuuwirta e maare ɗembo ɗun woldata e maare ko e seɗɗa e goɗɗe geɓɓe karkaraje. Hausare kaire ke wooni wolɗe ɗeɗun ɓuri wolɗuuki (wolwirki) haire ɓuri ɗuuɗirka bolle eɗer mauɗe ɗemle taati ɗe ɗun wolwirta e maare e Naajeeriya. Lattaki ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki ummatore Naajeeriya eɓe jooɗi e geɓal sareji (karkaraji) ɗemle mauɗe ɗe ɗun wolwirta e leydi ɗin ɓe lattake ɗemle kammani yimɓe faaro ɗun usl. Goɗɗe ɓurɗe maugu gaɗa ɗer ɗeɗɗen musamman Yorobanko’en e Igbo ɓe keeɓoyi (fottugo) fottuɗugo ɗemle gaɗa bolle fere-fere ɗembo ɗe eɗen ɗemle eɓe bolwira e maare. Turanko’en pidgin ɗun Naajeeriya, lattiɗe ɗe ɗun ɓuri e noddireki pidgin ko bo e (broken english) kaire ma ɗe anɗaaɗe wolde ɗen koenoyiiki eɓe goodi tasiru geɓe fere-fere eɗau wolde. Turanko’en pidgin kobo Englishire ɗun Naajeeriya eɗun wolda e maare semɓe eɗer geɓal Niger Delta. Natal Hiimoɓe Leydi Afirik Duungal (mawninirɗum duunde/suriire), ko wi'etee "continent" e ɗemɗe Faransi e Enngele, e haqiiqa on ko njoorndi, e maanaa leydi njoorundi ndin si eɓɓindiraama e ndiyam, e maayo. Ko tuddere leydi mawnde, nde ndiyam fiiltii. Winndere nden ana jogii duuɗe jowi. Kannje ngoni: Afirik, Yuroopu, Aasiya, Aameerik, Oseyaaniya. No woodi kadi wi'ooɓe Ostarali hade Oseyaani. Woɓɓe kadi na pecca Amriki waɗa duuɗe ɗiɗi: Nano Amriki (Amriki Rewankoori) e Nyaamo Amriki (Amriki Worgankoori). Woɓɓe kadi na ɓeyda heen duungal Antartiki ngal gilaasi woni e dow mum. Wonaa duuɗe fuu piiltiraa ndiyam, e piide misal keerol fay gootol walaa hakkunde duuɗe Yuroopu e Aazi ko taariika e pinal yimɓe majje tan ceerndata ɗe. Wano noon kadi Afirik e Aazi no nanngondiri seeɗa sabu leykal bi'eteekal "Suez" no tokkindiri ɗee duuɗe ɗiɗi. Ka wowlugol: Yunesco, nyoggal innde enngele United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation firiraande e faransi Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture, si waylitaama e fulfude wona: fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe (moftondiral leyɗeele adunaaru ndun) wonande needi e ganndal e pinal. UNESCO ko njuɓɓudi hertiindi e nder saccudi Ngenndiije Dentuɗe sincaandi nyannde 16 nuwambar (jolal) 1945. Nyiiɓirde mayre ko: 7/9, place de Fontenoy, 7e arrondissement Pari, Faransi. Faandaare UNESCO ko: « [...] wallitaade tabintingol jam e kisal nder aduna on e dow ɓannindirgol leyɗeele aduna on wondude e needi, ganndal, pinal, yewtere, tawa ɗun ɗon fow ko fii semmbingol e winndere nden fow peewal, sariya, haqqeeji neɗɗanke, ndimaaku, ko aldaa e senndindirgol leƴƴi, debbo e gorko, ɗemngal maa diina, ɗin haqqeeji ɗi eeraango Ngenndiije Dentuɗe sellinani denndaangal jamaaji ɗin. » Unesco no jokki golle mun ɗen e dow porgaraamuuji mawɗi jowi: needi, gannde, gannde wondiigu e neɗɗankaaku, pinal, yewtere e humpito. Fewndo ɗoo (2008) UNESCO no mari leyɗe ɓii-feddeeje 193. Hoolaaɓe kuuɓal UNESCO gila fedde nden sincaa wondude e iwdi maɓɓe: Julian Huxley, Laamateeri Renndundi/Inngila (1946–1948) Jaime Torres Bodet, Meksiko (1948–1952) John Wilkinson Taylor, Dawlaaji Rennduɗi (1952–1953) Luther Evans, Dawlaaji Rennduɗi (1953–1958) Vittorino Veronese, Italiya (1958–1961) René Maheu, Faransi (1961–1974) Ahmadu-Mahtar MBow, Senegal (1974–1987) Federico Mayor, Hispaanya (1987–1999) Koïchiro Matsuura, Japan (1999-2009) Irina Bokowa, Bulgaria (2009-2017) Audrey Azoulay, Faransi (koolaaɗo kuuɓal gila 2017 haa jooni) Wikipeediya Ndenndaandi (e faransi république, e engele republic) ko noone dawla renndaaɗo, dawla mo yimɓe leysɗi ɓen fow hawtiti jeyi. E liddu, si ko laamuuji finaa-tawaaji ko neɗɗo gooto e ɓeynguure mu’um, lamɗo on, jeyi leydi ndin fow. Laamu ngun ko roneteengu iwde baabiraawo faade ɓiɗɗo. Ndenndaandi e haqiiqa on anndaa ronugol laamu. Si hooreejo leydi on (himo wi’ee kadi persidan) accitii laamu, ko woote waɗetee, ɓurɗo jogaade yimɓe on halfinee laamu yeru happu. Si happu on timmii woote waɗee kadi. Kono hannde hannde no woodi leyɗe wi’aaɗe ndenndaandi ka ɓiɗɗo “ronata” baabiraawo mu’um e piide misal Ndenndaandi demokaraasiyankeeji Konngo ka hooreejo leysɗi jooniijo on Kabila ƴetti laamu ngun e juuɗe baaba mu’um caggal nde on waraa. Wano non kadi Ndenndaandi Togo. Ndenndaandi e demokaraasi (fewjodal) Wonnde kala halfere “république” nden, e lasli mayre ko res publica, e maanaa huunde jamaa, jeyal jamaa firi, dawlaaji heewɗi hannde waawataa wi’eede no tuugii e demokaraasi sabu hooreeɓe leydi ɓen no jogori leydi ndi ɓe halfinaa ardungal mu’um wa jeyal maɓɓe kamɓe e ɓeynguure maɓɓe. Ɓe jaɓataa woote waɗee maa hay si waɗaama wonataa woote laaɓuɗe. Sifa ɗen denndaaɗe no wi’ee denndaaɗe njaggu: ko neɗɗo gooto maa seeɗa e yimɓe takkiiɓe mo fewjata. Si ko ndenndaandi tuugiindi e diina, wano almamaaku Fuuta Jaloo, ko seeɗa e yimɓe annduɓe diina ɓen, almaamiiɓe maa ceernooɓe fewjata. Ndenndaandi lislaamiyankeeji (wano Iran) kadi no gasa takkeede ɗon. E on ɗon noone, si doole almaamiiɓe ɓen feƴƴitaali keerol, e misal si suudu depiteeɓe ɓen no jogii doole aynitugol ɓe, haray no gasa wi’eede demokaraasi maa fewjodal no tawaa e mu’um seeɗa. Hiimoɓe Almazán ko galluure nder Soriya. Soriya Hispaanya Curitiba (kuɾi'tibɐ) ko galluure nder Barazil. Labe no jogii hannde 1.893.997 (2017) yimɓe. Commons:Curitiba. http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br http://www.curitiba-brazil.com Barazil Gine-Bisaawo (pt. Guiné-Bissau, maa Gine Bisaawo, ko aldaa e pocal ngal) ko leydi e Afirik Hirnaangeeri, keernundi e Gine (Konaakiri) ka funnaange e Senegal ka nano. Senngo hiirnaangewo ngon no feewti e Baharu Atalantik maa Oseyan Atilanti. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 36.120 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 1.693.398. Laamorde nden ko Bisaawo, 395.954 (2010). Leydi ndin hino jogii suriije (duuɗe) wi'eteeɗe Bijaago. Ka taariika ka laamu Ngaabu, jeyannongu e laamateeri Malle (Empire du Mali) ɓuri lollude. Portokeesuuɓe ɓen adino jogaade daande maayo leydi ndin ɓe huutori ɗum e golleeji maɓɓe ngeeygu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe. Ko non ɓe naatiri seeɗa seeɗa e leydi ndin fow haa ɓe watti ndi e ley karhankaaku maɓɓe. Hitaande 1956 fedde wi'eteende PAIGC (Fedde wonannde hettaare Gine Bisaawo e Kaapo Werde) fuɗɗii cippiro ngon. Nyannde 24 sutaambar ɓe noddi jeytal hoore leydi ndin. Hooreejo-leydi arano on laati Luis Cabral. E nder hitaande 1980, caggal sokolaaji heewɗi e baŋŋe ngaluuji leydi, miniteeriiɓe folli Cabral laamii. Ko João Bernardo Vieira laatinoo hooreejo maɓɓe haa kanko kadi miniteeriijo go'o wi'eteeɗo Kummba Yala jaɓti laamu ngun e juuɗe makko. Vieira dogi yahri Portokeesi. Fitina e jiiɓu-jaaɓu naati e leydi ndin. Kummba Yala kadi follaa, rebeljo inneteeɗo Mane naati e murtaldu. Kono gila woote sakkitiiɗe ɗen hitaande 2005 (ko João Bernardo Vieira ganyinoo ɗe) Gine Bisaawo heɓtii deeƴere seeɗa. Demography Demography: Gine-Bisaawo 1961-2003 Galluure Bisaawo 395.954 (2010) Gabu 37.525 Bafatá 34.760 Gallery Hiimoɓe Leydi Afirik Gine-Bisaawo Lansana Konte O jibinaa heedde 1934 e hoɗo no wi'ee Buraamayaa (woɓɓe no wi'a ko Lummbayaa) e nder diiwal Dobirikaa, leydi daande baharu ndin. Ko ɗon o janngi e duɗal Alqur'aana o naati kadi lekkol kono no sikkaa o feƴƴaali duɗal aranal ngal. Ɓaawo ɗum Lansana Konte yahri e lekkolji ekkitorɗi miniteeriyaagal Bingerville (Koddiwaar) e Sen-Luwii (Senegal). E hitaande 1955 o naati ka larme Faransi o nawraa Aljeri fewndo konu wonande hettaare ndin leydi e hitaande 1957. Caggal ɗum Konte hooti Gine, tawi leydi ndin heɓtii hoore mum e kolonaaku Faransi nyannde 2 uktuubar (yarkomaa) 1958. O naati e nder larme Gine on o wallitii semmbingol mo. Ɓaawo miniteeriiɓe Portokeesiiɓe e dartiiɓe laamu Gineyankeeɓe yanii e leydi ndin nyannde 22 nuwambar (jolal) 1970 e dow anniyee liɓugol laamu hooreejo-leydi on Seeku Tuuree, Konte hino tawanoo e wallitiiɓe danndugol leydi ndin. Ko ɗum waɗi o ɓeydanaa garaadu o waɗaa kapiten 1971. E hitaande 1973 Konte waɗaa kumaandan diiwal Boke ngal, takkiingal Gine-Bisaawo, leydi laatinoondi on tuma no haɓee fii sortugol hoore mum e kolonaaku Portokeesi'en, tawi kadi Gine no tammbitii fedde PAIGC, laatinoonde hino ardii ngon cippiro. Laamu Nyannde 26 maarasi (mbooyi) 1984 Persidan Seeku Tuuree feƴƴini. Yimɓe makko ɓen woni e pooɗondirgol laamu ngun haa larme on tawi ko maa ƴetta ngu fii wota hare ɓiɓɓe leydi huɓɓu. Njuɓɓudi laamu inneteendi CMRN (Conseil Militaire de Redressement National, e Pular: Teekun Miniteeri wonande Feewnitaare Leydi) sincaa. Lansana Konte, tawi nden o wontiino kolonel, waɗaa hooreejo teekun on, e maanaa o laati hooreejo-leydi Gine. Wondiɗɗo makko on Jaraa Tarawore laatii jaggo (Premier Ministre). Fillitaama wonndema ko Jara Tarawore adanoo toɗɗeede kono o salii, o wi'i wonndema nde tawnoo Seeku Tuuree, lamɗo fawnooɗo laamu sattungu e jamaa on ko Maninkaajo, haanaa ka kanko Jara Tarawore Maninkaajo go'o kadi halfinee laamu. Ko non laamu ngun yaniri e Lansana Konte, ɓurnooɗo duuɓi on hakkunde maɓɓe. Kono neeɓaali fota kamɓe ɗiɗo ɓe fuɗɗii lurrude e fii laamu ngun. Nyannde 4 yuliyuhu (morso) 1985, tippude e ko wi'aa kon, Jara Tarawore etii hippagol laamu ngun tawi Lansana Konte hino yahi Lome (laamorde Togo) e kawrital leyɗe CEDEAO/ECOWAS (kawtital leyɗe Afirik Hiirnaangeeri e baŋŋe ngaluuji-leydi). kippugu laamu (coup d'État) ngun fogi, Tarawore e yimɓe mum ɓen wondude e yimɓe laamu Seeku Tuuree sokanooɓe wano Siyaaka Tuuree, Ismaa'iila Tuuree, Maamadii Keyta, Muusaa Jakite ekn. nanngaa fellaa. Fahin ofisiyeeɓe Maninkaaɓe heewɓe waraa e ɗum. Yimɓe lancooɓe yani e galleeji e jawle Maninkaaɓe Konakiri bonni. Ɗen balɗe ɗon Konte yewti jamaa on ka Palais du Peuple o ewnii ɓe e haala Sooso: "wo fataara", ko ɗum woni "on tewi". Haa hannde Lansana Konte no jokki felireede ɗin konnguɗi. E haqiiqa on, haa hannde hay gooto faltaaki ko laaɓi kon ko feƴƴunoo fewndo ko wi'aa Gine gila on tuma "Coup Diarra". Ɓaawo ɗon Konte ɓurɗi tamude laamu ngun o hawtindiri taaqa hooreejo-leydi e ministir defansi. Kono e hitaande 1992, tawi hoodere demokaraasi no fuɗɗii jalbude e leyɗeele ɗuuɗɗe winndere nden, tawi kadi hooreeɓe opozisiyon on (feddeeji dartiiɗi laamu ngun) e nder Gine tigi wano Alfaa Konnde, Siraaju Jallo, Baa Mammadu fuɗɗike ƴamude uddital e baŋŋe polotigi, Konte newnani ɗuuɗal partiiji. Woote waɗaa nyannde 19 dujambar (bowte) 1993. Fedde makko wi'aande PUP (Parti pour l'Unité et le Progrès, e Fulfulde: Fedde fii Pottal e Yahrugol yeeso) fooli, Lansana Konte lutti persidan. Wano non kadi o fooli woote 14 dujambar 1998 e dujambar 2003. Lasindiiɓe buy no sikki wonnde ko e dow kansugol Konte fooliri ɗin wooteeji fow. E nder nguu laamu juutungu Lansana Konte hawrii laabi buy e bononndaaji kono o daɗii ɗi fow: nyannde 2 fabraa'iru 1996 murtal miniteeriiɓe ɗeɓi yirbingol laamu Lansana Konte kono nde tawnoo faandaare maɓɓe wonaano ƴettugol laamu ngun ko ɗaɓɓugol nguure maɓɓe, Lansana Konte lutti e laamu. O fodi ɓe hunnugol kala ko ɓe faalaa, e maanaa ɓeydangol ɓe njoɓdi sabu laatino on tuma ko miniteeriiɓe dowdooɓe ɓen halorta geɓal kaalisi larme on tawa non leyleeɓe ɓen no hattini tampere e ɓillaare. E yunaayiru (siilo) 2005 wi'aama yimɓe ɓe yiitaaka haa hannde felluno e oto makko tawi himo fokkiti hoɗo inneteengo Waawaa (hoɗo yumma makko) ngo o ɓuri tabitirde ɗii duuɓi sakkitorɗi kono o daɗuno. Yiltii jamaa on foltanii laamu makko wallini golle yunaayiru (siilo) e yuunuhu (korse) 2006 kanyum e fabraa'iru (colte) 2007 sabu hari tampere nden feƴƴitii keerol. Ko ɓuri yimɓe 200 fellaa on saanga. Lansana Konte jaɓi e hoore karahan senndidude laamu ngun e jaggal (Premier Ministre) suɓaangal hakkunde yimɓe nayo ɓe bammbodalji (senndikaaji) ɗin holliti. O suɓii wi'eteeɗo Lansana Kuyaate. Neeɓitaali ɗon lurral fuɗɗii hakkunde maɓɓe kamɓe ɗiɗo. E giiɗe lasindiiɓe ɗuuɗuɓe ko toolodal Lansana Konte ngal woni bonnude huuwondiral makko e jagge makko ɗen. Nyannde 20 maayuhu (duujal) o itti tokora makko e jonnde jaggal nden o lomtiniri mo Ahmadu Tijjaani Suwaare, wi'aaɗo no ɓuri ɗaatude no ɓuri yankinanaade hooreejo-leydi on. Wi'aama Persidan Konte no wondi e nyabbuuli bonɗi wano jabeeti (nawnaare sukkar) kono ɗum laaɓaali sabu bileten yewtoowo fii cellal lamɗo leydi on hay gooto hollaaka taho. Kono non sikke alaa nawnaaje e nayeewu lo'inii mo sanne, fayda o hunnanaa hankadi golleeji waɗɗiiɗi hooreejo-leydi. Ko ɗum woni sabaabe yaltugol dekereeji luutondirɗi e ɗii duuɓi sakkitiiɗi. Ɗum e wonnde Zeneral Lansana Konte no catii e laamu ngun. Wonndiɓɓe makko wallii mo haa o wayli tuuginorde leydi ndin fii jooɗagol ko ɓuri happuuji ɗiɗi yamiraaɗi ɗin. Manndaa makko fewndiiɗo on ko e hitaande 2010 timmata. O wi'uno e nder yewtere wondude e rajo Faransi on wonnde o tortotaako laamu si on happu. Maayde Ko ñannde 22 dujambar 2008 Persidan Lansana Konte hawri e caate mum. Kabaaru on ko ka rajo leydi RTG ewaa, e konngol Buubakar Sompaare, hooreejo Assemblée Nationale on, ɗum ko suudu depiteeɓe ndun maa mbatu ngenndiiwu ngun. Caggal ɗum Mawɗo Jaagorɓe on Ahmadu Tijjaani Suwaare ƴetti haala holliti wonnde ɗowgu ngun yamirii balɗe 40 janaaʼiza fii faatunnde laamɗo leydi on. Neeɓitaali ɗon Sompaare lamndii yo lomtagol Konte ngol laatoro wano no tuuginorde leydi ndin yamiriri non, e maanaa ko yo o halfine laamu ngun kanko Sompaare fodde happu balɗe 60 haa woote waɗee laamɗo keso lamminee. Caggal waktuuji seeɗa miniteeriiɓe ɓen liɓi laamu ngun e innde njuɓɓudi inneteendi CNDD (Conseil National pour la Démocratie et le Développement, e maanaa mbatu ngenndi wonande demokaraasi e ɓamtaare). Hooreejo ndin njuɓɓudi ko Muusaa Dadis Kamara. Miniteeriiɓe ɓen holliti tuuginorde nden e partiiji ɗin dartinaama, ɗowgu ngun follaama. Sompaare e Suware salii taho yankinanaade laamu hesu ngu ɓe holliti fahin hiɓe jogitii joonndeeji maɓɓe ɗin. Kono ɓayri CNDD on nodditii hooreeɓe follaaɓe ɓen fow to daakorde maɓɓe, ɗum ko Daakorde Alfaa Yaayaa wiʼi kala mo araali ko ɗaɓɓiteteeɗo, ɓe anndi soobee naatii ɓe yahi to daakorde ɓe yankinii. Ɗen ɗon balɗe kadi laamu hesu ngun fotti e hooreeɓe partiiji ɗin kanyum e senndikaaji e mofte siwilɓe ɓen. CNDD on anndini wonnde ko addi ɓe ƴettude laamu ngun ko danndugol leydi ndin hare ɓiɓɓe-leydi e haɓugol coodtaari e laamu bonngu tampinnoongu jamaa Lagine on gila duuɓi. Hay nde wootere non ɓe ŋinyaali Persidan Lansana Konte tigi, ɓe wiʼii tun ko yimɓe makko ɓen bonni laamu ngun. Persidan Lansana Konte ko nyannde juma 26 dujambar qabrinaa. Goyki makko kin wallinaa taho bimmbi law ka Galle Jamaa (Palais du Peuple), on tuma juuloyaa ka Jaamiʼu Faysal, naɓaa ka estaadi 28 sutambar fii yo jamaa on waawu waynaade laamɗo on. Kiikiiɗe furee on naɓaa ka marga Lansana KOnte, ɗum ko hoɗo ngo o jibinaa e mum ngon Lansanayaa ko ton o qabrinaa. Leyɗe e feddeeji adunayankooji ɗin fow wiʼuno jaɓaali liɓal laamu ngal Gine ɓe wiʼi yo miniteeriiɓe ɓen jokku laawol tuuginorde nden. Kono CNDD hollitii wonnde ɓe anniyaaki duumaade ka laamu. Ɓe wiʼi tuma nde woote waɗaa woo, ɗum le ko ko hitaande 2010, ɓe accitay laamu ngun e juuɗe siwilɓe ɓen. Ɓe wiʼi hay nden hitaande 2010 wonaa laabudda, hinde gasa raɓɓiɗineede si ko ɗum woni sago jamaa on. Jamaa Gine on kanyum kan yaltuno ka ɗate holli weltaare mum nde liɓal laamu ngal waɗunoo ko ɗum waɗi sikke alaa feddeeji adunayankooji ɗin sakkitoray jaɓude gollidude e laamu hesu ngun. Kono Dental Afirik ngal dartinii ɓii-feddeyaagal (maamburyaagal) Gine ngal haa demokaraasi on arta. Hiimobe Yimɓe Fuuta Jaloo (na Fuuta Jalon) ko leydi doŋi e pelle jeyaandi hannde e Ndenndaandi Gine. Hindi tummbii hakkunde Gine. Joogarafi Fuuta Jaloo (leydi Fulɓe e Jalunkeeɓe) no wertii e ko yahata 80.000 Km2. Ɗii ɗoo nooneeji leydi no tawee e mayri: boowe, ndantaari, hansaŋere, doŋi, pelle, dunkiiji. Ce’e (teelal: seere) e ayɗe no heewi kadi. Buruuji (teelal mum ko: buruure) e wonndiije (teelal: wonndiire) no heddii haa jooni fii kala sunnugol buruuji nyaamii ko heewi e funngo ngon. Fello ɓurngo toowde ngon no wi’ee Fello Luura, hingo hewta meeteraaji 1515. E ndunngu (ittude lewru awril haa ottoombur), toɓo no heewi Fuuta Jaloo. Canɗi e maaje kadi no ila e ndin leydi, yoga e maaje ɓurɗe mawnude ɗen, wano Dimmawol (caangol Dimma) wontugol Maayo Gammbi, ɓalewol (maayo ɓaleewo) anndiraangol kadi Maayo Senegal fow ko ton tubbi. Yoga e canɗi go’o kadi ko Kunkure, Kolenten ekn. Fuuta Jaloo no hittani fota Afirik Hiirnaangeeri ngam canɗi mum e maaje mum. Yimɓe Lenyol ɓurngol ɗuuɗude ngol ko Fulɓe. Hiɓe wowla pular, caltuka fulfulde, jeyduka e pulaarji Senegal e Gammbiya kono hika سنلخjogii mbaadiiji makka heertiiɗi. Leƴƴi go’o kadi ko Jalunkeeɓe, Jaakankeeɓe, Maninkaaɓe, Konyaagiiɓe, Basariiɓe, Bajarankeeɓe, ekn. Ko ɗemngal pular ɓuretee wowleede Fuuta Jaloo. Nyamri Fuuta Jalunkeeɓe ɓen ko ɓuri kon ko maaro, fonnye, kaaba kanyum e kuusuuji wano kappe e jaabere e putee. Fulɓe ɓen acciino nguurndam egga-hoɗa kono haa jooni ngaynaaku no woodi. Yunngo liƴƴi anndaaka. Taariika Also see Kingdom of Fouta Djallon Ndaar kadi [webFuuta] Fuuta Jaloo ko leydi hoɗaandi gila duuɓi guluuji guluuji. Hino sikkaa Fulɓe aynooɓe fuɗɗino naatude ton gila jamaanu laamateeri Gana e Malle (hakkunde teeminannde 9aɓere haa 15aɓere. Gooto e murtannooɓe laamateeri Malle ɓen laatino Pullo no wi’ee Koli Teŋella. Hino sikkaa Koli Teŋella ardu e yimɓe mum haa ka wi’etee ɗon hannde Telimile, ko ɗon o surraa (ɗum ko e teeminannde 15aɓere). Ka attorum Fulɓe e lasliiɓe ɓen, ɗum ko Jalunkeeɓe, Soosooɓe e leƴƴi go’o wano Kisiiɓe e Baagaaɓe, ɓe hoɗiduno e hoore jam, teeŋtii nde tawnoo ɓe fow maɓɓe ko sanamuuji ɓe rewaynoo. Kono ittude e teeminannde 18aɓere alsilamaaku fuɗɗii naatude e leydi ndin. Ko Fulɓe iwrunooɓe reedu Maasina wonunoo sabu mum. Nde ɓe tawnoo ɓe fuɗɗike ɗuuɗude e doolnude, ɓe murtitani Jalunkeeɓe ɓen. Hareeji jihaadi wulɗi huɓɓi e leydi ndin. Kono juulɓe ɓen heɓi poolgal. Ko ka konu Talansan, laatinoongu e hitaande 1725 Fulɓe ɓen fooli fes ɓe sinci dawla almamaaku e ley ardungal Alfaa Ibrahiima Sammbegu, ɓurɗo lollirde Karamoko Alfaa. Diiwe 9 sincaa. Kannje woni: Timmbo (laamorde nden), Timmbi Tunni, Keebaali, Koyin, Kollaaɗe, Ɓuriyaa, Foodee Hajji, Fugummbaa, Labe. Diiwal kala no mari laamɗo mum. Ko Almaami on woni hooreejo Fuuta on fow, hella ka dawrugol e hella ka diina. Fii danndugol leydi ndin piiro fii laamu, tuuginorde Fuuta nden halfini laamu ngun cuuɗi ɗiɗi, Soriyaa e Alfaayaa, happani suudu kala duuɓi ɗiɗi. Ngal lomtondiral ka laamu haɗaali fitinaaji yanude hakkunde cuuɗi ɗin ɗiɗi. Nde tawnoo kadi ko njuɓɓudi laamu federasiyon, diiwe ɗen no jokkunoo tun heɓtugol geɓoy geɓoy e mbaawka kan. Ko ɗum lo’ini Fuuta weeɓinani Faransiiɓe naatugol. Caggal nde ɓe foolunoo ka hare Pooredaaka e hitaande 1896, ɓe bonniti almamaaku ngun ɓe lanci yuɓɓo dawroyankeewo ngon. Ko ɗon taariika Fulɓe Fuuta heertiiɗo on timmi sabu gila on saanga leydi ndin ko e nder leydi ɓurndi yaajude, innaandi Gine jeyaa. Fuuta laatino leydi ganndal e diina e pinal e ɗin jamaanuuji. En limtay yoga e ceernooɓe, karamokooɓe e waliyyuuɓe nantuɓe innde wano: Ceerno Aliyyu Gommbaa, Ceerno Aliyyu Ɓuuɓa Ndiyam, Ceerno Saadu Dalen, Ceerno Maawiyatu Maasi, Ceerno Sammba Mommbeyaa. Ɓen ceernooɓe wallifino defte ɗuuɗuɗe e aarabuure kanyum e pular, wano deftere diina lollunde, Oogirde Malal, nde Ceerno Sammba Mommbeyaa wallifii e pular. Gine Fulɓe S. G. T [webFuuta] Fedde Soriya (maa Soriyaa) ko fedde tawanoonde e pooɗotiral fii laamu fewndo Almaamiiɓe ɓen Fuuta Jaloo. Ko Alfaayaaʼen wonunoo foolotirteeɓe maɓɓe ɓen. Soriyaaʼen ko jurriyaaji Moodi Mammadu Jam mo Almaami Sori Mawɗo toɗɗinoo laamɗo. Gine Hispaanya Entrena ko galluure nder La Rioja. Hispaanya Sarliyon maaɗum Sara Lon ko leydi leydi tokosun wonndi e fuɗnaange Afrik marndi falde 71740㎢ (ujune cappanɗe jeɗɗi e go'o temeɗɗe jeɗɗi e cappanɗe nay, feppital kilomeeter). Laamorde nden ko Firiton (Freetown e Enngele), hindi kernidi e Gine ka nano fuɗnaange, ka ñaamo fuɗnaange ko ton Labiriyaa hikkori. Ka ñaano hirnaange ko ton maayo ngon wi'eteengo Oseyan Ataalantik woniri. Hindi sennditi e diiwe nay: Diiwal Nano, Diiwal ñaamo, Diiwal Fuɗnaange e Diiwal Hirnaange. Yimɓe hoɗuɓe e mayri ko wayraa limeede e hitaande 2015 ko 7 075 641 (miliyon jeɗɗi ujune cappanɗe jeɗɗi e jowi e teemeɗɗe jeegoo e cappanɗ nay e goo). Ko e hitaande 27 Seeɗto 1961 leydi ndin heɓtii jeytaare mayri e juuɗe Porto Biriitisi. Lenyol Leƴƴi ɗuuɗuɗi hino (ena) e mayri: Temenee ɓe ɓen ɓuri ɗuuɗude Sara Lon hikki ɗon Meniiɓe ɓen. Si (so) iwi ɗon ko Fulɓe ɓen ɓuri ɗuuɗude. E nder Sara Lon alaa ka yahataa ka a yi'ataa (yiyataa) Fulɓe; hen fow hiɓe ton. Ko waɗi ɗun ko ɓay ko ɓe julaaɓe nantuɓe innde, jaŋnooɓe, mahooɓe fii raɓɓindingol haala, Fulɓe ɓen hino aƴƴi. Julaaɓe woɓɓe ko Libaniiɓe, Indiyankooɓe; ɓee ɗo fow suusaali fulɓe ɓen kamɓe e waawgol maɓɓe julayaagal hiɓe ŋalɗi e Fulɓe ɓen. (Ɗun ko Allah waɗii ɗun ka ƴiiƴan maɓɓe, kamɓe Fulɓe ɓen). Footoo Faɗɗitaa Leydi Afirik Labiriyaa ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 111.370 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 4.195.666. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Labiriyaa yo Monrovia. Demography Labiriyaa: Demography 1960-2014 Galluure Monrovia 1.118.264 (2012) Gbarnga 45.835 (2008) Buchanan 34.270 Gallery Leydi Afirik Labiriyaa Gammbi (en. Gambia) ko leydi tokoosiri lommbiindi e nder Senegaal, to hiirnaange Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 11.295 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 1.882.450. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Gammbi yo Bannjulu (en. Banjul). Hindi jeyaa e leyɗe CEDEAO (ECOWAS). Jubbannde e taariixa leydi ndii Gammbi hino jeyanoo e laamateeri Maali ndin. E hitaande 1455, Portokeesuuɓe ɓen fuɗɗino joɗɗinde kontuwaaruuji e takko maayo Gammbi ngon, fii yuɓɓingol ngeeygu jiyaaɓe ɓaleeɓe. E hitaande 1723, Enngeleeɓe ɓen woni e soodude leyɗeele e nder Gammbi. Doy-doy, ɓe jooɗii e kaal leykal lommbiikal e nder Senegal, to Faransiiɓe ɓen jooɗinoo. Ɓen etii haa ronki riiwude Enngeleeɓe ɓen, ɓe siifidi e maɓɓe nanondiral 1889. Ittude 1894 Gammbi wonti leydi halfinaandi laamu Birtinkeʼen. Gammbi heɓti hoore mum e hitaande 1965, Dawda Kayraba Jaawara laatii hooreejo leydi arano on. E hitaande 1981, koninkeejo wiʼeteeɗo Kukoy Sammba faalaa liɓude laamu makko kono Senegal immini koninkooɓe mum, ɓen yahi Gammbi artiri Jaawara ka laamu. Ontuma Senegal e Gammbi hawtiti waɗi konfederasiyon Senegammbi (kawtital leyɗe ɗiɗi) kono ngal kawtital ronki ñiiɓude, ngal fogi 1989. Ñannde 22 yuliyuhu (morso) 1994 sentere ofisiyeeɓe nde kapiten Yaayaa Jamme ardii ƴetti laamu ngun e juuɗe Jaawara. Hino jeyaa e sababeeji on kuudetaa ronkugol Jaawara humnande caɗeele fagguduyankooje leydi ndin gila jeytal hoore mayri. Gila 1994 ko Yaayaa Jamme tun laamii sabu wonnde kala woote no woodi, ɗuuɗal feddeeji dawroyankooji no woodi, ko kanko tun foolata ka woote. Laamu Gammbi ngun no woowi siforeede bonanndeeji ɗuuɗuɗi feewde jojjanɗe neɗɗanke, teeŋtii non ndimaaku jaayndeeji (jurnaluuji). Yaayaa Jamme no anndiraa kadi giggol ɓurtungol wonande waccoore e añugol ŋiñere. Leƴƴi e ɗemɗe Leƴƴi Gammbi ɗin seertaa e leƴƴi leyɗe takkiiɗe ɗon ɗen: Seɓɓe (Manndinkooɓe), Njolfuɓe, Fulɓe, Sarankulleeɓe, Jaakankeeɓe, Jolaaɓe. Ɗum e wonde ko enngeleere tun woni ɗemngal laawɗinaangal ngal, ko ɗee ɗoo ɗemɗe tati ɓuretee wowleede e leydi ndin: manndinkoore, njolfoore, pulaar. Fulɓe Gammbi, ko ɓuri heewde kon, ko Firdunkooɓe (Fulaadunaaɓe) kono Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo kadi no heewi. Galluure Serrekunda 362.986 (2013) Brikama 84.608 Bakau 53.766 Bannjulu 34.828 Gallery Leydi Afirik Gammbi Gana (en. Ghana) ko/e nder leysɗi Afirik. Mbertudi leysɗi ndin ko 239.537 km2, Jama'are hoɗuɗo/wombe e/ nder mayri/lesdi din no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 27.043.093. Laamorde (kapital) leysɗi Gana yo Akra (en. Accra). soundcloud.com/dingotop1 Gana: Demography 1960-2015 Galluure Akra 2.291.352 (2013) Kumasi 2.069.350 Tamale 537.986 (2012) Gallery Nassiji Leydi Afirik Gana Yuroopu laatike duungal (e faransiire maa enngeleere: Europe) Duungal Faransi (France) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Faransi yo Pari. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko km², jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe . Leydi Yuroopu Faransi Kurów ko galluure nder Poloonya. Yuroopu Alqur’aana ko konngol aarabeyankewol seekaangol e ‘Alqiraa’ah’ janngugol. Defteere Diina Lislaamu Alqur’aana: Ko haala Alla, ronkintinka, jippinaaka e Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw), winndaaka e kaamiluuje ɗen, egginiraaka jaaɓondiral ngal taƴondiraali, rewirteeka nawdugol mum. Alla daali : “Menen men jippinii waaju (Alqur’aana), pellet ko men reenooɓe ngu” (Hijri 9). Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Pellet ndee Qur’aanaare hinde feewna e ɗum ko ɓuri e ñiiɓude (feewude), wewlinir ɓen gomɗinɓe, ɓen wonɓe gollude golleeji moƴƴi wonnde mbarjaari mawndi hino woodani ɓe” (Issraa’i 9). b) Inɗe Alqur’aanaare ɗen: v Alqur’aan: “Pellet ndee Alqur’aanaare hinde fewna e ko ɓuri e ñiiɓude” {إِنَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنَ يَهْدِي لِلَّتِي هِيَ أَقْوَمُ} [الإسراء: 9]. v Al kitaab (deftere): “Alif, laam, miim, ndee deftere sikke woo alaa e mayre” {الم * ذَلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لا رَيْبَ فِيهِ} [البقرة:1-2 ] v Azzikru (waaju walla Jantoore): “Ko pellet menen men jippinii waaju, ko pellet ko men reenooɓe ngu” إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَزَّلْنَا الذِّكْرَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَحَافِظُونَ} [ الحجر: 9 ].) v Al furqaan ( seernunde goonga e fenaande): “On jippinɗo seerdunde (Alfur’qaan) nden e hoore jiyaaɗo makko on mawnii, fii yoo [on jiyaaɗo] laatano winndere nden jertinoowo” {تَبَارَكَ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ الْفُرْقَانَ عَلَى عَبْدِهِ لِيَكُونَ لِلْعَالَمِينَ نَذِيرًا} [ الفرقان: 1]. c) Sifaaji Alqur’aanaare nden: v Peewal: “Ko nde peewal e yurmeende fii ɓen moƴƴinooɓe” {هُدًى وَرَحْمَةً لِلْمُحْسِنِينَ} [ لقمان: 3 ]. v Annoora: “Men jippini e mon annoora ɓannguɗo” وَأَنزَلْنَا إِلَيْكُمْ نُورًا مُبِينًا} [ النساء: 174 ] v Lekki: “Meɗen jippina immorde e Alqur’aanaare nden ko woni lekki” {وَنُنَزِّلُ مِنْ الْقُرْآنِ مَا هُوَ شِفَاءٌ} [ الإسراء: 82]. v Hikma (faamu mawɗo): “Hikma yottiiɗo” (ko faandaa ko Alqur’aanaare nden) {حِكْمَةٌ بَالِغَةٌ} [ القمر : 5] v Waaju “Gomɗii waaju arii on immorde ka Joomi mon” {قَدْ جَاءَتْكُمْ مَوْعِظَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ} [ يونس: 57] . v Wahyu ( wirnagal) “Pellete ko mi woni jertinirde on ko wahayu” (wirnagal). {إِنَّمَا أُنذِرُكُمْ بِالْوَحْيِ} [ الأنبياء : 45] . d) Noone daraja mayre on: Alla daali: “Pellet nden ko deftere teddunde, meere arataa nde, hinaa yeeso mayre, hinaa ɓaawo mayre, ko nde tellinaande (jippinaande) immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo, Yettiniiɗo” (Fussilati 41- 42). Toowuɗo on kabrini: “Ko Deftere ñeññaande simooje mum, hooti nde fensitaa immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Humpitiiɗo” (Huudi 1). e) Ɓural Alqur’aanare nden: Alla daali: “Ɓen wonɓe nawdude deftere Alla nden, ɓe ñiimni juulde nden, ɓe nafki yoga e ko men arsiki ɓe e gunndoo e kenenke, hiɓe jortii ngeeygu ngu fuuyataa” (Faatiri 29). Immorii e seydinaa Usmaani Bun Affaana o maaki: ‘Nelaaɗo Alla on (saw) maakii: “Ko ɓuri moƴƴude e mon, ko on anndiniiɗo Alqur’aanaare nden, o anndini nde’. Ko Buxaariy yaltini hadiise on. Abdullaayi Bun Mas’uud (yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i wonnde Annabiijo (saw) maakii: “Kala jannguɗo harfeere e deftere Alla nden himo mariri ɗum moƴƴere, moƴƴere nden non [ko yoɓirtee] ko yeru mayre laabi sappo, mi innataa alif, laam, miim ko harfeere, kono alif ko harfeere, laam ko harfeere, miim ko harfeere”. Ko Tirmiziy fillii ɗum. Arii e yeewtoore Nelaaɗo (hadiise) sellunde wonnde o maakii: “Yimɓe tummbondiraali e suudu e cuuɗi Alla ɗin, hiɓe nawda deftere Allah nden, ɓe jannga nde hakkunde maɓɓe, si wonaa deeƴere jippoo e maɓɓe, yurmeende Alla sudda ɓe, malaa’ika hunndita ɓe, Alla jantoo fii maɓɓe hakkunde ɓen wonɓe ka makko [malaa’ikaaɓe ɓen ]”. Ko Muslim woni ko fillii ɗum. Abuu Umaama (Yo Alla yurme mo) wi’i: ‘Mi nanii Nelaaɗo (saw) hino maaka: “Janngee Alqur’aanaare nden, nde aroyay ñannde darngal ko nde tefanayde wondiɓɓe mayre ɓen”’. Ko Muslimu yaltini ɗum. f) Faandaare tellingol Alqur’aana: Seniiɗo toowuɗo on daali: “Alif, laam, raa, ko deftere nde men jippini e maa, fii yo a yaltin yimɓe ɓen e niɓe [naɓaa ɓe] e annoora” (Ibraahiim 1). g) Tellineeɗe ( jippineede) Alqur’aana: Alqur’aana ko e tellinanɗe tati nde feƴƴi si nde hewti yimɓe ɓen: Tellinannde aranere nden: Ko jippagol mayre ka Alluwal Reenaangal (lawhul mahfuuz) e noone e saa’a mo humpitaaki ɗum si wonaa Alla e on mo o ƴellintini e wernagal Makko, hari ko womre wootere nde senndaaka, ko ɗum feeñi e ko Alla daali: “ko woni goonga, nden ko Alqur’aanaare teddunde, ] wonnde [ e Alluwal Reenaangal” (Buruuji 21-22). Tellinannde ɗimmere nden: Ko tellagol iwa ka Alluwal Reenaangal addee ka Suudu Teddungal (Baytul Izzah) ka kammu adunayankewu, hino feeña e nder simooje alqur’aanayankooje ɗen ɗum ko hino tuuginee e mum e fii ndee tellannde ko anndinta en wonnde Alqur’aanaare nden tellino e jemma gooto ka kammu adunayankewu. Alqur’aanaare nden hino sifii on jemma wonnde ko barkinaaɗo, o inni mo nokkeeli goo jemma daraja (Laylatul Qadiri). E nder lewru suumayee ndun, nde jippii womre wootere. Yoga e simooje yeewtuɗe fii mum. Alla daali: “Pellet men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma daraja” (Alqadri 1). Tedduɗo on daali: “Pellete men tellinii nde [alqur’aanare nden] e jemma barkinaaɗo” (dukhaan 3). Seniiɗo on daali kadi: “Lewru suumayee ndu alqur’aanaare nden jippinaa e mun, ko ndu peewal wonannde yimɓe ɓen” (Albaqara 185). Tellinannde tammere nden: Ko tellagol mayre iwa ka kammu adunayankewu ka baytul izzah ara ka ɓernde timmoode annabaaɓe ɓen e nelaaɓe ɓen, koohoojo men on Nelaaɗo Muhammadu (saw) ko ɗum woni seññaa (laawol) sakkitoro on mo annoora jalbi e hoore ɓanndinke denndaangal. Seydinaa Jibriilu jippodi e mayre ka ɓernde Nelaaɗo ko nde sennditaande e nder duuɓi 23 e yeru waɗugol fiyakuuji ɗin e yanugol falotooɗi, e ko teetintee e ñaawooje sar’yayankooje. Alla daali: “Ruuhul Amiin [jibriil] jippodi e mayre [Alqur’aana)] ka ɓernde maa [an Nelaaɗo] fii yaa laato jeyaaɗo e jertinooɓe, e ɗemngal aarabeyankowal ɓanngungal” (Ashu’araa 193-195”. Alla dammbii Alqur’aanaare nden e jaati Makko e simooje heewuɗe hino e majje: “Ko pellet hiɗa lonnginee Alqur’aanaare nden [an Nelaaɗo] immorde ka Ñeeñuɗo Annduɗo” (namli 6). O daali kadi: “Si goɗɗo e sirkuɓe ɓen faabinike ma, faabo mo haa o nana haala Alla kan” (Attawba 6). Ɗum non ko faandaa e “haala Alla” e ndee simoore ɗoo ko Alqur’aanaa.! Alquraa’naare nden hino feccii e: Simooje (aayaat): Simoore (aaya): ko hawtitannde konnguɗi jokkondirɗi yoga e yoga haa ka Alla yiɗi yo ɗi taƴu ɗon. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino feccii hakkunde makkayankooje e madiinayankooje, tippude e saa’i jippagol majje on: jippiiɗe ɗen ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ko makkayankooje, jippiiɗe ɗen ɓaawo Fergu ko madiinayankooje hay si hawrii hinaa ka saare Madiina ɗe jippii. Simooje Alqur’aanaare ɗen hino yottii (6236), sennditiiɗe e corteeji (suwar) 114. Corteeji (suwar): cortewol (suura): ko hawtitannde simooje hara hiɗe mari ka ɗe fuɗɗi e ka ɗe haaɗi, ko ɓuri famɗude e cortewol ko simooje tati. Juzu’u walla Juju’u (geɓal): Aquraanaare nden hino hawtiti juz’uuji 30, juz’u kala hino hawtiti e hizibaaji 2. juz’u e hizibe ɗiɗi non hiɗi mari maande ko ɗi anndiree ka kaamiluure. Hizibe walla Hijibe: Ko feccere e juzu’u, Alqur’aanaare nden hino hawtiti hijibaaji 60, ɗum hawra juz’uuji 30. b. Senndannde corteeji (suwar) ndin: corteeji Alqur’aanaare nden hino senndii e nooneeji ɗiɗi: -Senndannde jippagol corteeji ɗin: corteeji Alqur’aanaare (114) ɗin hino senndii hella ka saa’i tellagol majji e Nelaaɗo, hakkunde corteeji makkayankooji e madiinayankooji: Corteeji makkayankooji ɗin: corteeji Jippiiɗi ɗin ko adtii Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun ko makkayankooji, nden dumunnde ko heede duuɓi sappo e tati (13), hino ka Alqur’aanaare heede corteeji 82 makkayankooji, hiɗi maandoree ka tiitooɗe: 1. Yeewtugol fii fiyakuuji finnde diina (wootinɗinal) e fii laahara. 2. Qissaaji annabaaɓe ɓen. 3. Wennjugol sirkuɓe ɓen e huncugol majjere mae nden. Hiɗi maanndoree hella ka tafoodi haala: 1. Raɓɓiɗugol simooje majji e jallugol konnguɗi e raɓɓiɗugol yeewtere (al iijaaz). 2. Hino heewi e majji konnguɗi Yaa Ayyuh-annaas e Kallaa, e simooje sujudeeje ɗen. Corteeji madiinayankooji ɗin: ko corteeji jippiiɗi ɗin ɓaawo Fergu Nelaaɗo ngun, hella duuɓi 10, hino ka Alqur’aanaare yeru corteeji cappanɗe tati e ɗiɗi (32) madiinayankeeji, hiɗi maandoree hella ka tiitooɗe majji: wano yeewtugol fii: 1. Dewe ɗen e huuwondire ɗen (dewgal, ngeeygu). 2. Wennjugol yimɓe defte ɓen (Alyahuudu e Annasaara). 3. Huncugol gikku naafiqiiɓe ɓen. Hella ka tafoodi konnguɗi: 1. Juutugol simooje majji ɗen. 2. (Yaa ayyuh-allaziina aamanuu). -Sendannde mbaadi corteeji nden: Attiwaalu: juutuɗi, ko ittanndema Baqara haa e cortewol Aaraafi ngol, ɗii ɗoo ko ɗi jeegoo jannguɓe ɓen hino luutondiri fii jeeɗiɗaɓol ngol, e hara Lanfaali e Baraa hawtidete nde wootere sabu anngal senndindirgol ɗi kannji ɗiɗi bisminnagol ngol, on say waɗa ɗi kannji ɗiɗi cortewol gootol, kaa hara ko cortewol Yuunusa ngol? Ɗi inniraa Attiwaalu sabu juutugol majji on. Almi’iina: Ko corteeji hikkiiɗi Attiwaaluuji ɗin, ko ɗin fawnuɗi cimooje teemedere (100) maa hella ɗon, ittanndema cortewol Yuunusa ngol haa e cortewol Su’araa’I ngol. ko ɗi noddiraa Mi’iina (teeminɗi) ko sabu ngol kala e majji hino fawni simooje teemedere (100). Almasaanii: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Mi’inaaji ɗin hara (tawa) hewtaali Mufassalaaji ɗin; ko corteeji arooji ɗin ɓaawo Su’araa’i haa ko adii cortewol Qaafi ngol. Ko ɗi inniraa Almasaanii ko sabu annabaaɓe ɓen e qissaaji maɓɓe ɗin hino fillitee e majji. Almufassal: ko corteeji hikkiiɗi ɗin Almasaaniiji ɗin, ko corteeji raɓɓiɗuɗi ɗin, arannde majjji ko cortewol Qaafi ngol haa e cortewol Naasi ngol. Ɗi inniraa Almufassal sabu ɗuuɗugol taƴanɗe ɗen hakkunde corteeji ɗin, ɗum ko bisminnagol ngol. Arii e deftere Musnadu Addaramiiyu, immorii e Ibnu Mas’uud wonde Nelaaɗo maakii: Juutuɗi (Attiwaalu) ɗin jeeɗiɗi ko yeru Tawreeta, teeminɗi (Al mi’iina) ɗin ko yeru Linnjiila, filfilinnaaɗi (Almasaani) ko yeru Zabuura, denndaangal Alqur’aanaare nden ɓaawo ɗum ɗoo ko ɓural. c. ko haani anndude: Ko adtii jippaade: ko simooje arane ɗen ka cortewol Alaqi, gila simoore 1-5: “Janngu e innde Joom maa, On taguɗo, o tagi neɗɗanke e heɗɗere. Janngu ko Joomi maa ɓuri teddude. On anndinirɗo karambol “kuɗol”. O anndini neɗɗanke ko o anndaano” (Alaqi : 1-5). Ko sakkitii jippaade: Hulee reento-ɗon e nyalaande nde ruttete-ɗon e mum ka Alla, hooti wonkii kala hunnanee (timminanee) ko ki faggitii, e hoore ɓe toonyoytaake” (Baqara: 281). Cortewol ɓurungol juutude: Ko cortewol Baqara ngol (nagge ngen). Cortewol ɓurungol raɓɓiɗude ngol: Ko cortewol Kawsar. Simoore ɓurunde juutude: Ko simoore “nyamaande nden” (Aayatul-dayni); ko simoore 282ɓiire nden e cortewol Baqara ngol. Simoore ɓurunde raɓɓiɗunde nden: Ko simoore cappanɗe jeegoo e nayaɓere (64) e cortewol Rawmaanu ngol. Cortewol ɓurugol mawnude ngol: Ko cortewol Faatiha ngol. Simoore ɓurunde mawnude nden: Ko simoore jullere nden (Aayatul-kursiyyu) e nder cortewol Baqara ngol. Cortewol fotayngol e tataɓal (1/3) Alqur’aanaare nden: Ko cortewol Ixlaasi ngol. Alqur'aana Đồng Hới ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Jara Tarawore ko 1935 jibinaa. Lenyol makko ko Manndinke. Ko o miniteeriijo joginooɗo garaadu kolonel wano Lansana Konte mo o ƴettidi laamu ngun Gine nyannde 3 ibriilu 1984 ɓaawo maayde Seeku Tuuree. Lansana Konte toɗɗaa hooreejo mbatu miniteeriiɓe sincaangu fii laamagol leydi ndin, on tuma Jara toɗɗaa kanyum mawɗo jaagorɓe (peremiye ministir). Neeɓaali fota kanko e Konte ɓe fuɗɗii pooɗondirde laamu ngun, haasidi hakkunde leƴƴi ɗin fuɗɗii yaltitirde seeɗa seeɗa. Nyannde 18 dujambar Konte itti darnde mawɗo jaagorɓe waɗti hoore mum ardiiɗo ɗowgu (guwerneman) ngun, Jara lutti ka ɗowgu kono e darnde ɓurnde hoyfude: jaagorɗo halfinaaɗo needi e jannde. Ɗum metti mo fota. Kanko e miniteeriiɓe Manndinkooɓe ɓe etii liɓugol laamu ngun yuunuhu 1985, tawi Konte no yahi e tummbondiral leyɗe CEDEAO/ECOWAS Lome, laamorde Togo. Ko ton o nani kabaaru on. Liɓal laamu ngal fogi, e dow ballal sentere miniteeriiɓe daraniinde Konte. Ɓayri on iwtii Lome, Jara e wondiɓɓe mum ɓen fow, ko ɓuri kon Manndinkooɓe, nanngaa fellaa yuliyuhu 1985. Ko e nder ɗum kadi koohooɓe laamu Seeku Tuuree ɗuuɗuɓe, kasanooɓe gila 3 ibriilu 1984, waraa, ɗum ko wano: Ismaaʼiila Tuuree, Issaaqa Tuuree, Maamadii Keytaa, Muusaa Jakite ekn. Yimɓe Qin Shi Huang(秦始皇,259 BCE – 210 BCE) ko amansɛm e Ciina. Yimɓe Jojjanɗe neɗɗo (no wi’ee kadi hakkeeji maa foddeeji neɗɗo) ko alhaali yowitiiɗo e "jojjanɗe yummaaje e ndimaaku ngu kala Banii-Aadama hanndi e mum". E ko woowi kon, ko ɗee ɗoo geɗe ndimaaku limtetee nde haala jojjanɗe neɗɗo umminaa: jojjanɗe e baŋŋe ɓii-leydiyaagal (siwil) kanyum e dawro (polotigi), e piide misal jojjannde nguurndam e ndimaaku, heɓtaare anndingol miijo mum, fotondiral yeeso sariya. Hino jeyaa e mum kadi jojjanɗe yowitiiɗe e renndo e pinal, ɗum no huɓindii jojjanɗe tawnugol hoore mum e alhaali pinal, jojjannde nyamri, jojjannde golle, jojjannde jannde e needi. Ko Bayyinaango Winndereyankeewo wonande Jojjanɗe Neɗɗo (Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme) tonngunoo alhaali jojjanɗe neɗɗo e bayyinaango mum maandiniingo. Kuulal aranal bayyinaango ngon ko ɗum fewjunoo: "Denndaangal Banii-Aaadama’en jibinaama ko ɓe jeyɓe hoore maɓɓe ko ɓe fotooɓe e ndimaaku e jojjanɗe. Hiɓe yeɗaa hakkille e yila, hiɓe haani huuwondirde e nder neene-gootoyaagal." Dawla Fulɓe arano on, ɓurɗo neeɓude on kadi Hiirnaange Afirik. Laam-Tooro ko hedde teeminannde 800 aɓere feenyi, takko Laamateeri Gana, ka daande Maayo Senegal, nokkuure anndiraande hannde Fuuta Tooro. Ka fuɗɗoode, Laam-Tooro no lollirnoo kadi innde mum aarabankoore, ɗum ko Tekrur maa Takarir, ko e ɗum innde Tukolor (nde Fulɓe woowaa huutorde) yalti. E hino ɗoo seeɗa e ko daartiyankooɓe Fulɓe fillii ko feewti e laamɓe Laam-Tooro: Laam-Tooro gadano ko Birom Bookar ummii ko e Mbolu Maakama. O adii hoɗde ko Gallaat nder leydi Ngalam. O ummii ko worgo e nokku mbiʼeteengu Segergaddum, funnaange Kiifa. Oon sahaa laamii Fuuta ko Laam Termes Jaaƴe Saadiga, oon wonnoo ko Aañam Godo hakkunde Woɗaaɓe e Jaawarankooɓe Jara. Birom Bookar yiɗi heɓde Woɗaaɓe ɓee, o haɓi e Jaaƴe e Saadiga; oon fooli mo o tuubani ɗum. ɗali mo o laamii Tooro. Hiimoɓe A Afganistan - Albania - Algeria - Almaany - Ameriik (ƴeewu Dowlaaji Dentuɗi) - Andorra - Angola - Antigua and Barbuda - Argentina - Armenia - Australia - Austria - Azerbaijan B Bahamas - Bahrain - Bangladesh - Barbados - Belarus - Belgium - Belize - Benin - Bermuda - Bhutan - Bolivia - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Botswana - Brazil - Brunei - Bulgaria - Burkina Faso - Myanmar (formerly Burma) - Burunndi C Cambodia - Central African Republic - Caadi - Ciile - Ciina - Republic of China (Taiwan) - Colombia - Comoros - Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire) - Republic of the Congo - Costa Rica - Croatia - Cuba - Cyprus - Czech Republic D Denmark - Dominica - Dominican Republic - Dowlaaji Dentuɗi E East Timor - Ecuador - Egypt - El Salvador - Equatorial Guinea - Eritrea - Estonia - Ethiopia F Fiji - Finland - Faransi - Faroe Islands G Gabon - Gammbi - Georgia - Gana - Greece - Grenada - Guatemala - Gine - Gine-Bisaawo - Guyana H Haiti - Holy See (see Vatican City) - Honduras - Hungary I Iceland - Republic of India (formerly as British Indian empire) - Indonesia - Iran - Iraq - Ireland - Israel (formerly part of Palestine) - Italy J Jamaica - Japan - Jibuuti - Jordan K Kaapo Werde - Kamerun - Kanada - Kazakhstan - Kenya - Kiribati - Kodduwaar - Korea - Korea, North - Korea, South - Kuwait - Kyrgyzstan L Laos - Latvia - Lebanon - Lesotho - Labiriyaa - Libya - Liechtenstein - Lituwaniya - Luxembourg M Republic of Macedonia - Isle of Man - Madagascar - Malawi - Malaysia - Maldives - Maali - Malta - Marshall Islands - Moritani - Mauritius - Mexico - Federated States of Micronesia - Moldova - Monaco - Mongolia - Montenegro - Morocco - Mozambique - Myanmar N Namibia - Nauru - Nepal - The Netherlands - New Zealand (Aotearoa) - Nicaragua - Niger - Niiseriya - Niue - North Korea - Norway O Oman P Pakistan - Palau - Palestine (See "State of Palestine") - Panama - Papua New Guinea - Paraguay - Peru - Philippines - Poloonya - Portugal - Puerto Rico Q Qatar R Romania - Russia - Rwanda S Saint Kitts and Nevis - Saint Lucia - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Samoa - San Marino - São Tomé and Príncipe - Saudi Arabia - Senegal - Serbiya - Seychelles - Sarliyon - Singapore - Slovakia - Slovenia - Solomon Islands - Somalia - South Africa - South Korea - Spain - Sri Lanka - Sudan - Suriname - Swaziland - Sweden - Switzerland - Syria T Taiwan (see Republic of China) - Tajikistan - Tanzania - Tatarstan - Thailand - Togo - Tonga - Trinidad and Tobago - Tunisia - Turkey - Turkmenistan - Tuvalu U Uganda - Ukraine - United Arab Emirates - United Kingdom - United States of America - Uruguay - Uzbekistan V Vanuatu - Vatican City - Venezuela - Vietnam W Western Sahara Y Yemen Z Zaire (now Democratic Republic of the Congo) - Zambia - Zimbabwe Leydi Pigazzano ko galluure nder Italiya. Italiya Burkina Faso yo ngenndi rimɓe ndii leydi gorgal Afiriki woni. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 274. 200 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 17.322.796. Burkina ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Burkina yo Mali, Niiser, Benen, Togo, Gana, Kodduwaar. Himɓe Burkina mbiitaakena Burkinaɓe. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Burkina yo Ouagadougou , na woni hakkunde leydi ndi. Burkina na woni nder kawtal leyɗe Afrik e nder CEDEAO. Demography Demography: Burkina Faso 1960-2010 Galluure Ouagadougou 2.200.000 (2015) Bobo-Dioulasso 537.728 (2012) Banfora 93.750 Koudougou 91,981 Gallery Internet Doygal Leydi Burkina Faso Leydi Afirik Burkina Faso Lituwaniya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 65.300 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 2.821.674. Laamorde nden ko Vilnius. Leydi Yuroopu Montehermoso ko galluure nder Cáceres. Hispaanya Koddiwaar (; ) ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 322.463 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 26.378.274. Liens externes Leydi Afirik Nowy Dwór Królewski (Nowy Dwór Królewski) ko galluure nder Poloonya. Poloonya Nouakchott (ar. نواكشوط) – kapital (laamorde) leydi Muritani. Muritani Wiyetnam yo ngenndi rimɓe ndii leydi gorgal Asiariki woni. Wiyetnam ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Wiyetnam yo Ciina, Laos, Kammbooja. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Wiyetnama yo Hanoi, na woni hakkunde leydi ndi. Vietnam na woni nder kawtal leyɗe Asiarik e nder ASEAN. Aasiya Leydi Coronel Fabriciano ko galluure nder Barazil. http://www.curitiba.pr.gov.br http://www.curitiba-brazil.com Fabriciano Commons:Coronel Fabriciano Barazil Esperanto ("lingvo internacia") ko ɗemngal. Jubilea simbolo Esperanto - Esperanto "Wolof" - Présentation de la langue - Alfabeto de Esperanto Wikipedia Abrégé de grammaire Courses gratuits esperanto-afriko.org esperanto.net Esperanto 62 lingvoj Esperanto.net , (angle) - ĉinia radio internacia - esperanta retpaĝo "uea-radikoj-685" (- reta-vortaro.de) "Esperanto"; FUNDAMENTO DE ESPERANTO Antaŭparolo; Gramatiko: GRAMMAIRE (Gramatiko Franca); GRAMMAR ( — Angla); GRAMMATIK ( — Germana); ГРАММАТИКА ( — Rusa); GRAMATYKA ( — Pola);Ekzercaro, Universala Vortaro ( Esperanto), PIV Plena Ilustrita Vortaro Eldono 2005 (Afrika fulfulde) - Benson-Esperanto-Edmonton Ɗemɗe Botswana Haa Jaamhuuriyah Botswana leydi on haa fombina wakkare Afrik. Bostwana ɗon be e ti wala tondire wala ka’e kombi der geɓe caffon i je ɗiɗi wakkare maako ɗum woni hader hamada kalahari. Ɓe waɗi keerol be Afrik je fombina daga wakkare fombina be fombina waladu fuuna, Namibiya daga wakkare hirna be woyla, sai bo Zimbabwe daga woyla waladu fuuna. Ɗon hautibe leydi Zambiya hedi lawul gada kazungula de tokki do mayo Zambezi. Ɗuɗugo yimɓe No o woni leydi man maari ummatore yimɓe do ɗiɗi man 2.3m. Botswana ɗon der lesɗe ɗuɗayi ha duniyaaru. Bana geɓe 11.6 je ummatore leddi man ɓe ɗin jodi’on ha gabarone, wuro mango maɓɓe gondal be wuru ɓuri maunugo ha leddi man. Leydi Afirik Kenya (Kiswahili: Jamhuri ya Kenya).svg) ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 580.367 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 49.125.325. Leydi Afirik Kenya Fonnye (e ɗemngal laten ko Digitaria exilis innirtee) ko huɗo ko toowataa sanne, hino waɗa gawƴoy e gabboy cewkoy nyila e kaakoy pamaroy. No ɗuuɗi nooneeji wano belefonnde, dibon, kansammbara. Fonnye mettaa aawude, hino fuɗa e leydi ndi alɗaa maa ndi heewaa ndiyam. Fonnye hittaa buy e nyaamdu leyɗe. Gine, Maali, Najeeriya, Burkinaa Faso hino jeyaa e leyɗe ɓurɗe hittude ɗen e baŋŋe demal fonnye. Hino woodi Fulɓe innooɓe fonnye seremmbe maa fonnyo. Fonnye unete si defee nyaamee. Neemaaji moƴƴinirteeɗi fonnye no heewi Fuuta Jaloo, ɗum ko wano mboyri (mboyri fonnye), latu fonnye, laru fonnye, nyiiri fonnye, fooyo, futtii ekn. Nyaamndu Paggiri (Fulɓe goʼo no inna pagguri maa jaajee) ko nooneeji kuɗooli heewɗi ɗi aawetaake innetee non. Lasli halfeere nden no waawi wonude gollal faggude maa fawde. Ɗin kuɗooli no nanndita buy e fonnye to sewgol kaaki majji e famɗugol gabboy majji. Paggiri ko fewndo heege ɓuri nyaameede, yoga e nooneeji mum ko jawle dariiɗe nyaamata, yoga ko yimɓe. E nder deftere makko Nguurndam Ferlaŋkooɓe Yero Dooro Jallo no limti ɗii ɗoo nooneeji paggiri fuɗooji Ferlo, diiwal e nder leydi Senegal: paggiri laaci dawangel, paggiri jawle, paggiri beeli, paggiri ɓalɓalndi, paggiri bara, paggiri tammbaa, paggiri ciiwri, paggiri ƴuufa-deerel. Kappe (e faransiire: igname) ko ɗaɗol nyaameteengol. Ko innde nooneyankoore, innde teelal ko happeere, ɗuuɗal kappeeje. Fulɓe no inna ɗum ɓulumwu, dooya, happere to Adamawaa, dunndu to Liptaako, kuure to Maasina. Kappe no nyaamee e nooneeji heewɗi: no defee, juɗee, sa'ee, no duufee waɗtee conndi. Ndiin conndi turbiree wa toori nyaamee. Ndiin toori no innee e leyɗe Afirik heewɗe "fufu". Nyaamndu Pullo (keewal mum ko Fulɓe) ko lenyol aynooɓe (durooɓe) hoɗuɓe e diiwaanuuji Sahel takko jeereende Sahara. Hiɓe tawee hannde e leyɗe 15 Afirik Hiirnaange, yoga e majje ko Maali, Senegal, Gine haa leyɗe Afirik Hakkundeeri yeru Chadi, Ndenndaandi Santrafirik e Sudaan. Ko woni sabu ngool saakitagol ko eggudu ndu aynooɓe ɓen ɗaɓɓiranta naʼi maɓɓe ɗin huɗo e njaram. Hannde non Fulɓe ko ɓuri heewde koo accii nguurndam egga-hoɗa hino tabiti e nokkuure wootere hino jokki golleeji wano demal, njulaagu to caʼe mawɗe Afirik Hiirnaange. Hino woodi e maɓɓe kadi nanngooɓe liƴƴi teeŋtii Senegal-Moritani (hiɓe wiʼee toon Suubalɓe) maa Gine kanyum e nyeenyuɓe. Hannde ɗuuɗal Fulɓe ko juulɓe, ɗemngal maɓɓe no wiʼee pular maa pulaar maa fulfulde, hingal jeyaa e ɗemɗe Hiirnaange-Atlantik. Ɗunndi Fulɓe ndin anndaaka no selliri sabu leyɗe ɗen woowaa waɗude winndito leƴƴi. Tuumo ngon hino hakkunde miliyonji 16 e miliyonji 25 haa 26. Natal Iwdi Fulɓe Iwdi Fulɓe ndin haa hannde anndaaka no laaɓiri. Annduɓe ɓen hino yeddondira gila teemedannde jeenayaɓere nden e fii on fiyaaku. Ko woni sabu mum non ko seedugol Fulɓe ngol e leƴƴi hoɗdaaɗi ɗin to mbaadi. Ko honɗum Fulɓe ɓen tigi wiʼi e on fiyaaku? E hino ɗoo ko bammbaaɗo (farba) Pullo mo Kamarun jantii: „Ko woni asngol e leñol Fulɓe fuu ƴoororde muʼum Malle. Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴifti, Pullo kam fuu woodaa e ƴiwi tonaa Malle. Innde Pullo kam fuu Malle nii ɗoofi. Mone fuu jammaa (jonnaa yettoore) e laawol, kanjum ɗuuɗini inɗe leʼi (leƴƴi) Fulɓe, amma koo non fuu, to lencitoraama nii, tawaa Pullo kam fuu Malle ƴoori.“ „Ukba woni jibbinɗo Fulɓe, puɗɗuɗo leñol maɓɓe, kanko aawi ngol. Kanko boo ɗum Aaraabo, fuuna o ƴiwi o yehi o jooɗoyi Fuuta Tooro. Ɗon o teʼi (resi) Bajju Maŋgo – woɓɓe Bajju Maŋga mbiʼiirata mo – mo leñol Sarakulleʼen… O dañi ɓiɓɓe nayo: rewɓe tato e gorko gooto. Kamɓe ngoni: Deeto, Wayyu, Naasu e Uuruba biʼeteeɗo Aaraabo. Nder nayo ɓeʼe ko won leñol Fulɓe fuu wurti.“ „…Fulɓe fuu Fuuta Tooro puɗɗi, ɗon Ukba jibbini ɓe. Ɓaawo maajum ɓe peri ɓe cankiti kadi. Ɗum waɗi wuro, ɗum waɗi lesdi. Abba maɓɓe huuci, nden ɗum ƴummi, kayrugol maɓɓe waɗi fuuna (funnaange) ton. Ɗum sampiti naʼi ɗuuɗi jamum … Koo moye tefti laawol abba (baaba) muuɗum, … Fulɓe peri fuuna ngam hiirna maɓɓe ɗum ndiyam Maayo Manngo, woyla maɓɓe ɗum geeŋelle njaareendi meere walaa ndiyam walaa huɗo, fommbina boo ɗum buubi laayɗe ɓaleeje cukkuɗe. Fuuna on kadi naʼi maɓɓe keɓata njaayri marndi ndiyam e huɗo. Nii kadi ɓe perori fuuna, ɓe peroraay lokkere wonnde. Nden kadi ɓikkoy Ukba ngurti Fuuta Tooro, ɓe ngari ɓe campiti diga (gila) Fuuta Ɓunndu, Fuuta Kinngi, nden ɓe naati kadi jonta ɗo.“ Ɗum suutaa ko e deftere LʼHistoire des Peuls Férobé du Diamaré, Maroua et Petté, nde E. Mohammadu yaltini e hitaande 1976 caggal yewtidugol e wammbaaɓe Fulɓe. Malle, ɗum ko laamateeri Maali ndi Sunnjata Keytaa sincunoo e teemedannde 13ɓere. Ukba Ben Nafi (maa Uqba Ibn Nafi) laatino mawɗo konu lislaamiyankeejo e teemedannde 7ɓere. Ko kanko dahi leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Sikke alaa, koo ko jantaa ɗoo no haawnii sabu nde tawnoo Ukba Ben Nafi ko Aarabo, ko ɗemngal aarabu o haalaynoo. Wano non kadi, si o arii Fuuta Tooro o resii debbo Sarankulleejo, oon kadi ko ɗemngal mum sarankulleere wowlaynoo. Si ɓiɓɓe maɓɓe ɓen wonii e wowlugol ɗemngal ngal wonaa aarabuure wonaa sarankulleere, e maanaa fulfulde, sikke alaa ko taweede leñol Fulɓe ngol no woodunoo ko adii nde Ukba hewti Fuuta Tooro sabu neɗɗo heccataa mawɗo mum. Fahin, e nder winndooɓe daartol alsilamaaku ɓen, hay e gooto sifaaki jippagol Ukba haa Fuuta Tooro. E ko ɓuri sikkeede kon, Ukba feƴƴaali leyɗe Maxribi ɗen. Kono non hay si tawii ngol jantol tuugaaki e ko selli, ngol hollii wonde Fulɓe no mari iwdiiji ɗuuɗuɗi. Ko ɓuri heewde kon kadi e ko wiɗtotooɓe ɓen woni wiide kon ko ɗum faandii. Henri Lhote, wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo winndi e deftere mum lʼextraordinaire aventure des Peuls wonde Fulɓe no jeydi e aynooɓe ɓe nate mumʼen yiʼetee e kaaƴe jeereende Sahara, wano kaaƴe Tasili. E konngol makko, hiɓe jeydi e leƴƴi ecoppinaaji maa kushitiyankooji hoɗuɗi funnaange Afirik hannde. Maamiraaɓe ɗiin leƴƴi fow ko Funnaange Hakkundeeri (Moyen-Orient) iwri ari jillondiri e leƴƴi taakanji. Wiɗtotooɗo Pullo, Dr. Abuubakri Laam kañum e Misra Kinndi ɓuri tuugaade. Mukarovsky, wiɗtotooɗo otirisnaajo kadi no sikki helmere misraare hinnde ng (yeru kelme goʼo ɗe o limti e deftere makko Die Grundlagen des Ful und das Mauretanische yaltunoonde e hitaande 1963) no jeydi e nagge, e maanaa aynooɓe naatunooɓe leydi Misra Kinndi no jeyaa e maamiraaɓe Fulɓe. Wiɗtotooɗo faransiijo Alain Anselain kadi no sikki jeydigal no woodi hakkunde Fulɓe e Misrankooɓe aranɓe wondude e leƴƴi Afirik Funnaange-Nano. O hollitii ɗum e deftere makko La Question Peule (1982). Himo tawti e ngon ɗon senngo Henri Lhote mo adi-ɗen limtude. No woniri woo, Fulɓe senndotaako e leƴƴi Afirik Hiirnaange luttuɗi ɗin, fahin taariixa maɓɓe anndaaɗo on ko e oon diiwaanu fuɗɗii : ko e laamu Gana fii Fulɓe fuɗɗaa janteede e nder taariixa, ɓaawo ngun laamu lancike, dawla Fulɓe arano on, ɗum ko Laam-Tooro maa Tekrur hono no Aarabuuɓe ɓen wi’iraynoo non, feeñi e daande maayo Senegal. Ko ɗon ɓe iwi ɓe saakitii e nokkeeli heddiiɗi ɗin. Ɗemngal maɓɓe ngal kadi, fulfulde no jeydi fota wonaa seeɗa e ɗemɗe Afirik Hiirnaange wano njolfo e sereer, maa ɗemɗe bantu, ɗum no yi’oo e jogagol fulfulde pelle inɗe (classes nominales) maa e mbaadi yaññugol seekorde gollal (verbe). Ɗemngal Fulfulde Hiimoɓe missionafrica.org.uk webPulaaku Portal of Fulɓe history and culture Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, peeral.com Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, pulaagu.com Online magazine in Fulfulde, pulaar.org Online Magazine, yaakaare.com Fulfulde online paper, gerngalfulbe.com Fulfulde online news site, mbiimi.com KJPF Egypt Online bilingual dictionary, peeral.com Mini trilingual dictionary of political and legal terminology, peeral.com Portal of Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo history and culture, webfuuta.net Pulaar Speaking Association WorldStatesmen - Nigerian Traditional states Geerewol (Website about nomadic Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe ritual celebrations, with annotated music recordings and short videos featuring dance and ritual sequences. Supplement to the book of Sandrine Loncke) Online musical archives dedicated to Fulɓe Jelgooɓe (Burkina Faso) and Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe (Niger) musics and singings (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS) Fulɓe Limle Go’o - Sappo 0 1 Go’o 2 Ɗiɗi 3 Tati 4 Nayi (Nay) 5 Jowi 6 Joweego 7 Joweeɗiɗi 8 Joweetati 9 Joweenayi (Joweenay) 10 Sappo Sappo e go’o 11 Sappo e go’o 12 Sappo e ɗiɗi 13 Sappo e tati 14 Sappo e nay 15 Sappo e jowi 16 Sappo e joweego 17 Sappo e joweeɗiɗi 18 Sappo e joweetati 19 Sappo e joweenay 21 Noogas e go’o 22 Noogas e ɗiɗi Cappanɗe 20 Noogas (Cappanɗe ɗiɗi, Lasooru) 30 Cappanɗe tati 40 Cappanɗe nayi (Cappanɗe nay, Debe) 50 Cappanɗe jowi (Debe e sappo) 60 Cappanɗe joweego (Mallihemre) 70 Cappanɗe joweeɗiɗi (Mallihemre e sappo) 80 Cappanɗe joweetati (Hemre) 90 Cappanɗe joweenayi (Cappanɗe joweenay, Hemre e sappo) Teemeɗɗe 100 Teemerre 200 Teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi 300 Teemeɗɗe tati 400 Teemeɗɗe nayi 500 Teemeɗɗe jowi 600 Teemeɗɗe joweego 700 Teemeɗɗe joweeɗiɗi 800 Teemeɗɗe joweetati 900 Teemeɗɗe joweenayi Booro 1000 Booro (Ujunerre, Ujunere) 10000 Booro sappo 1000000 Miliyonji Go’o, limle 1. Limle Ɗiɗi, limle 2. Limle Tati, limle 3. Limle Nayi / Nay , limle 4. Limle Jowi, limle 5. Limle Joweego, limle 6. Limle Joweeɗiɗi, limle 7. Limle Joweetati, limle 8. Limle Joweenayi / Joweenay , limle 9. Limle Sappo, limle 10. Limle Sappo e go’o , limbe 11. Limle Sappo e ɗiɗi , limle 12. Limle Sappo e tati , limle 13. Limle Sappo e nay , limle 14. Limle Sappo e jowi , limle 15. Limle Sappo e joweego , limle 16. Limle Sappo e joweeɗiɗi, limle 17. Limle Sappo e joweetati , limle 18. Limle Sappo e joweenay , limle 19. Limle Noogas e go’o , limle 21. Limle Noogas e ɗiɗi, limle 22. Limle Noogas (Noogay , Cappanɗe ɗiɗi , Lasooru) , limle 20. Limle Noogas (maa noogay e caltuɗe goɗɗe) ko limre wonde hakkunde limre sappo e jeenay e limre noogas e go'o. Sappo laabi ɗiɗi fotata e noogas. Ko nii kowal ngal winndirtee 20. Winndirde nii "nogas" sellaa, "oo" ko ɗi ɗiɗi wonaa gootal "o". Ko nii winndirtee "noogas". Booro sappo , limle 10.000. Limle Cappanɗe tati (Cappantati), limle 30. Limle Cappanɗe nayi (Cappanɗe nay, Debe) , limle 40. Limle Cappanɗe jowi (Debe e sappo) , limle 50. Limle Cappanɗe joweego (Mallihemre) , limle 60. Limle Cappanɗe joweeɗiɗi (Mallihemre e sappo) , limle 70. Limle Cappanɗe joweetati (Hemre) , limle 80. Limle Cappanɗe joweenayi (Cappanɗe joweenay , Hemre e sappo) , limle 90. Limle Booro (Ujunerre , Ujunere) , limle 1000. Limle Teemerre , limle 100. Limle Teemeɗɗe ɗiɗi , limle 200. Limle Teemedde tati , limre 300. Limle Teemeɗɗe nayi , limle 400. Limle Teemeɗɗe jowi limle 500. Limle Teemeɗɗe joweego , limle 600. Limle Teemeɗɗe joweeɗiɗi , limle 700. Limle Teemeɗɗe joweetati , limle 800. Limle Teemeɗɗe joweenayi , limle 900. Limle Kudaku (Solanum tuberosum), nyaamndu. Nyaamndu [[File:Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.1.jpg|thumb|Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese]]Masarji''' (Zea mays''), nyaamndu. Nyaamndu Cirgu (Panthera pardus), dabbaji ladde. Dabbaji Miliyonji , limle 1000000. Limle Osasco ko galluure nder Barazil. Commons:Osasco. http://www.osasco.sp.gov.br http://www.osascobrazil.com Barazil Yuɓɓo naange Joomiraaɗo tagii Winndere ndee o waɗii e Mayre Kaawisaaji mawɗi, e Gunndooji (sirluuji) peeñɗi e Cuuɗiiɗi, Yoga (won) e Majji ɗii o newnani neɗɗo yiitude ɗumen, woon heen ko o newnanaani neɗɗo anndude ɗumen. Ina jeyaa heen njuɓɓudi naangeyankeeri, walla mbi’en naange e ɓesngu mum. Alla tagii naange ngee, o waɗani nge tagopeeje (planètes) jeetati (8) kanje fof eɗe ndoga, eɗe njiiloo taaraade naange ngee, kadi eɗe njiiloo e dow ko’e majje. Kanje tagopeeje ɗee ngoni ɗee ɗoo, so en ngummorike to naange; mbi’en: Batuure (Mercure), Jaayre (vénus), Leydi (La Terre), Yumma-njanaare (Mars), Mbannduure (Jupiter), Galliire (Saturne), Uranus, e Neptune. Tesko-ɗen noon ɗee ɗoo ɗiɗi keddiiɗe, ɗe ndañanaaka inɗe e Fulfulde, tagi ɗum ko tawde ɓooyaani ko ɗe njiitaa, ɗe nganndaa ko caggal nde loŋorɗe peewnaa, ɗuum woni daarorɗe ɓallinooje ɓalli kammuyankooji, pooɗa ɗum haa yottoo (hewta), e yantude hen kadi. Hiimoɓe Tagoore kammu Alla ɓurnde fof ɓadtaade Leydi ko Lewru. Ngoɗɗeeki hakkunde lewrue leydi ko 384.000 km. Wuddowol lewru, hono ngoɗɗeki tuggi hakkundu lewru ter e hawngo mayru ko 1738 km. Ko fayti e teddeeki, leydi ena sowoo lewru teddeeki laabi 81. So lewru ena taaroo leydi, ummortoo ɗum ko bannge hirnaange fayaa bannge fuɗnaange. So a hooyniima jamma dow hoore ma, a ndaarii lewru ma a yih e mayru diiwanuuji ɓurɗi laaɓde e diiwanuuji ɓurɗi ɓawlude ɓurɗi niɓɓiɗde, hay so a alaa lonngorde. Hiimoɓe Njuɓɓudi naangeyankoori Monzón ko galluure nder Huesca (Hispaanya) Hispaanya Huesca Naange Ko Koodal Moolanaangal, Hakkundewal e nder yuɓɓo tagopeeje ngo Wonu-ɗen ngon e muuɗum, inneteengo kadi yuɓɓo naangeyankeewo maa sato naangeyankeewo. E finaa-tawaaji men kañum e haala men, en wiʼay naange fuɗay bimmbi (puɗal naange) yiiloo haa kiikiiɗe si muta (mutal naange) kono tippude e gannde kese ɗen, naange sottataa hay nii e ɗaa, ko tagopeeje ɗen, e maanaa leydi men ndin, woni e sottude tawa enen hiɗen sikka ko naage ngen. Jooni ko honɗum senndindiri hoodere e tagofeere? Hoodere ko ɓanndu asamaan-yankeeru wulndu jaw, ko kañum rokkata hoore mum ndaygu (lumière) e nguleeki. Tagofeere noon ko ɓanndu asamamaan-yankeeru ɓuuɓndu, niɓɓiɗndu, nokkooru ndaygu mum e hoodere ɓurnde ɓallaade ɗum. Jooni ndutto-ɗen to naange nge, wolla hoodere men ñalawma nde. Naange nge, ina woɗɗi leydi men ndi fotde teemdere e capanɗe joyi milyoŋ km (150 0000 km), palal mbeɗu magge ko 1392000 km. E nge doga taaraade jiriyiringal ngal (la galaxie) 72000 km/h (waktu gooto) so en mbaɗtii ɗum e ɗemngal farayse, mbiyen : le soleil tourne autour du centre galactique à la vitesse de 72000 km/h. Nguleeki magge to hakkunde mbuuɗu ngu ko : 15100000 °C (degré). Nguleeki to ceɓe magge ko: 5500 °C (degere). Geɗe shimiyankooje (chimique) gonɗe he naange ko: idraari, oksaari, heliyum e kemmbuuri (carbone). Naange nge; tagopeeje jeetayti (8) ina njiiloo taaraade ɗum, lewru ina yiiloo taaraade leydi, leydi ina yiiloo taaraade naange, naange ina yiiloo taaraade jiriyiringal, jiriyiriiɗe (galaxie) ina keewi; jiriyiringal fof ina moofti maa won hedde 300 milyaar hoodere, kala heen hoodere ko naange; hono no naange men nge nih. Ndeke en nganndii leydi men ndi wonani he winndere he so wonaa toɓɓel ndiyam e nder maayo geeƴ. Taaree oo joomiraaɗo tagɗo ɗee geɗe , ɗum ɗoo ko seeɗa e golle makko e kaawisaaji makko. Naange (alaama: ) Hiimoɓe Nelaaɗo maa Nulaaɗo Muhammadu ko annabaajo cakkito on e giiɗo juulɓe. Ko kaŋko Allah nuli fii feññingol diina lislaamu. Taariihawol Jibineede Nelaaɗo sallal-laahu alayhi wasallam (s.a.w) Nelaaɗo Alla Muhammadu (s.a.w) ko Makka jibinaa, e dewo (tenen) ñannde 12 paran, e Hitaande Mawba, ɗum hawri ñannde 20 lewru seeɗto (jibriilu) hitaande 571 J.A.I. Baabaʼen makko ko Abdullaahi mo Abdul Muɗɗalibi, haashimiyaŋkeejo, qurayshiyaŋkeejo, o feƴƴini wano lebbi ɗiɗi ko adtii nelaaɗo jibineede. On tuma maama makko, Abdul Muttalibi, koohoojo qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen dannkii mo, fawtii mo. Ko kanko femmbi nelaaɗo Muhammadu. Nelaaɗo Allah ( s.a.w) ko e mo iwdi ɓeynguure teddunde ko kanko woni : Muhammadu mo Abdullaahi mo Abdul Muttalibi mo Haashim mo Abdu Manaaf mo Qusay. Ɓee maamiraaɓe ɗoo fow ko jaambaareeɓe, ko koohooɓe tedduɓe ɓe laatinoo. Neene makko : ko Neene Aaminata mo Wahab mo Abdu Manaaf mo Juhrata, ndee ɓeynguure ɗoo kadi hino jeyanoo e ɓuruɓe teddude e qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen. Hino e aadaaji aarabeeɓe ɓen naɓugol boobooɓe maɓɓe ɓen ka fulawaaji, rewɓe ɓen ton muynina ɓe. Maama nelaaɗo jonni mo debbo wi’eteeɗo Haliimatu Sa’adiyah, ɓe yahdi ka marga makko (baadiyatu banii sa’ad) o muynini nelaaɗo ton. Nelaaɗo mawni ka jeereende, ley weeyo laaɓungo, hakkunde yimɓe fulawaa laaɓuɓe ɗemɗe. O woni ton duuɓi nayi. O arti Makka ɓaawo nde o heɓnoo duuɓi nayi, o wontidi e yumma maako duuɓi ɗiɗi ɓaawo ɗum; yumma makko faatii. On tuma maama makko dankii mo, o moƴƴii e makko fota, kono kanko kadi o feƴƴini ɓaawo ɗum duuɓi ɗiɗi. Bappa makko Abuu Taalibi (baaba mum Saydinaa Alii) toppitii mo, dankii mo haa o woni gorko timmuɗo. Nelaaɗo (s.a.w) toppitii njeeygu wano denndanngal sukaaɓe qurayshiyankooɓe ɓen fewndo on tuma. O anndiraa hakkunde wimɓe ɓen fow yaajugol hakkil e nunɗal e hoolaare, ɓe jammi mo Holniiɗo (Al amiin). On tuma tawi hino e nder Makka sonnaajo galo wi’eteeɗo Kadiijata o nani fii hoolaare Nelaaɗo, o ɗaɓɓiri Nelaaɗo yo geynginano mo jawdi makko ndin. Sonnaajo on heɓi jawdi mawndi sabu hoolaare Nelaaɗo nden. Ɓaawo o tinii ɗum o ɗaɓɓiri nelaaɗo yo resu mo. O jibinani nelaaɗo denndaagal ɓiɓɓe makko ɓen si wonaa Ibahiima. Nelaaɗo hino marnoo duuɓi 25 nyannde ɓe resi neene Kadiijata, kanko le himo mari duuɓi 40. Hiɓe yiɗindirnoo fota, ɓe wuuridi ko ɓuri duuɓi 25 e dewgal barkinaangal, malaangal. Neene Kadiijata faatii ko e hitaande tataɓere ado fergu nelaaɗo. Yo Alla yurme ɓe fow. Nassiji Islaam Burunndi ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 27.830 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 10.524.117. Leydi Afirik Gabon ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 267.667 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 1.725.290. Nassiji Leydi Afirik Adradas ko galluure nder Soriya. Soriya Hispaanya Arenillas ko galluure nder Soriya. Soriya Hispaanya Koli Teŋella ko laamɗo Pullo lolluɗo e teeminannde 15ɓere. Hino sikkaa ko kanko sinci suudu laamu Deniyankooɓe Fuuta Tooro. Koli Teŋella mooɓindiri yimɓe murtuɓe jeyaaɓe e leƴƴi sertuɗi wano Fulɓe, Manndinkooɓe e leƴƴi goo o sinci konu moolanaangu ngu o huutori e fii darnugol laamu Fulɓe hesu, caggal yirbugol laamu Maali ngun. O dahi leyɗe heewɗe gila e Fuuta Tooro haa yottoyii Fuuta Jaloo. Ko e hitaande 1776 Sulaymaan Bal folli laamu Deniyankooɓe darni almamaaku Tooroɓɓe e Fuuta Tooro. Fulɓe Laamateeri Adamaawa laatino dawla Afirik taarixiyankeejo e Lesɗi Najeeriya, Kamarun e Caadi hannde. Iwdi innde nden Innde leydi ndin ko e innde Moodibbo Adama iwi, on ko mo yeesoojo diina mawɗo on, Usmaanu Ɓii Fooduyee mo Sokoto, halfinnoo raaya (tutawal, deesewal) lislaamu e teeminannde 19ɓere. Ko kanko naɓiri ton diina lislaamu o sinci dawla e dow ballal Fulɓe egga-hoɗaaɓe ferunooɓe ton gila ko neeɓi kañum e seernaaɓe. Kono yimɓe leydi ndin no anndiraa kadi huutorgol innde go’o, ɗum ko Fommbina maa Fommbinaari, ko ɗum woni ñaamo, sabu Adamaawa ko e baŋŋe ñaamo laamu Sokoto woni. Fuɗɗoode Laamateeri Adamaawa Ka attorun ko aynooɓe Fulɓe ferunoo ɓaawo laamu Borno saɗtinanii ɓe, ɓe ari ɓe daakii e nden nokkuure wonnde ñaamo e hiirnaange Weendu Caad gila e teeminannde 14ɓere nden, ngun fergu laatii tawo e dow jam e enɗam wondude e leƴƴi tawaaɗi e leydi ndin. Woɓɓe e maɓɓe hino jeyanoo e hinnde Baa’en. Ko e nden kadi Moodibbo Adama jeyanoo. E hitaande 1810 Moodibbo Adama halfinaa raaya lislaamu on toraa yo fampo jihaadi ndin, nulnooɗo mo on en wi’ii ko Usmaanu Ɓii Fooduyee, laamɗo Sokoto. Jihaadi ndin fooli ɓaawo piirooji ɗuuɗuɗi wondude e leƴƴi taakanji ɗin, rewaynooɗi sanamuuji. Adamaawa lutti e ley karhankaaku laamu Sokoto nde tawnoo sagalle maɓɓe ko ton naɓirtenoo. Moodibbo Adama inniraa „Laamiiɗo Fommbina“. Laral Laamateeri Adamaawa no yaññinoo ittude Adamawa State Najeeriya hannde haa e diiwe tati nano Kamarun, hino tawaa ɗon diiwal innaangal Province de l'Adamaoua ngal e senngo Kamarun. Laamorde nden laatii Ƴoola e hitaande 1840. Yirbugol Laamateeri Adamaawa Ittude 1893, koninkeejo inneteeɗo Raabi Jubayru ɗahi senngo nano Adamaawa ngon sinci laamu ngu neeɓaano ɓayru tawno ontuma kolonaaku fuɗɗinoke ɗahude leyɗeele Afirik ɗen. Ittude 1899, Almanɓe ɓen fuɗɗii naatude e leydi ndin, caggal hareeji wulɗi, ɓe fooli, barki Alla e aalaaji maɓɓe ɓurɗi kelɗude ɓe bonniti laamu Fulɓe ngun. Adamaawa naadaa e nder koloni keso on, mo ɓe inniri Kamerun. Caggal fooleede Almanɓe ɓen e konu winndere aranu ngun, Kamarun halfinaa Faransi e Enngele. Ko non Laamateeri Adamaawa fecciraa hakkunde leyɗe ɗiɗi, Kamarun e Najeeriya. Laamorde nden Ƴoola ko e nder Najeeriya on hikkori hannde. Laamiiɗo Adamawa State on hannde no innee Muhammadu Barkinɗo Aliyu Mustafa. O ronuno laamu ngun nde baaba makko Laamiiɗo Aliyu Mustafa sankinoo e hitaande 2010. Leƴƴi e ɗemɗe Leƴƴi e ɗemɗe ɗuuɗɗe no woodi Adamaawa. Goɗɗi e ɗiin leƴƴi ko Fulɓe, Were'en, Mbum'en, Baya'en, Tupuri'en, Mandara'en kono ko fulfulde ɓuretee wowleede. Hawsankoore kadi no wowlee, teeŋtii non e senngo Adamaawa jeyaango e Najeeriya ngon. Hiimobe Fulfulde Taariika Buford ko galluure nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Roosiya (maa Riisii) ko leydi moolanaandi hakkunɗe Yuroopu e Aasiya un leydi ndin saalorde lawol ndi ta leyde edi hoowii fuunaa yuroopu en e woila Aasiya. Kairi nwooni leydi nburdii maugu ndi Duniyaru e gebbe laati ngoodudi e njajirka murabba,iji kilomiteer (6,612,073sq mil) nden ndi hauti haasiire goo,o eder jewetatlatii ndun njairi njonde nde Nduniyaru. Roosiya ndi diiwii gebbe sappo e goo,o nden edi waadii kherol e keyde sappo e jewego, o ngonde bawal, nburgal nduduki ko ndiye leydi e nduniyaru. Kairii ke leydi ndi njewedidii nburdii duudirka yimbe nden leydi nburdii ndudgo yimbe e yuroopu godu ndin nduudirka yimbe miliyann 145. Gelle Maude Leydi ndin ndenbo gelle nburde nduudirka kanje ngonii Moscow, gelle nburde nduduki gaba ngo,o eder yuroopu. Saint Petersburg hanje ke nwuudu neesuji leydi Roosiya ndenbo gelle ndidorje nburde maugu. Luttude gelle Maude nde kautii e Novosibirsk yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod e Kazan. Fuunaa slave nbe ngurtoike e konooni henditorde nde ndun wawaata anduutugo nbe e yoroopu hakkunde kaarnuji 3 e 8AD. Diiwal Kievan Rus etaa hakkude (shaaka) gal ummmrii eder nkarniji ndi 9-eder 988 gal njabii Kiristaaku ndun Orthodox Ngada Hautude Byzantine. Rus nbaawo ndi sarkitake ndenbo eder maude lamnbe mabbe, Grand Duchy ndun Moscow ndun ummake. E fuddugo kooniwol gool 18, Roosiya ndi yaaji sembe e kaawol moobuugo hautaki e njuutuki gam hebgo ko fuddii wargoo hautugo Roosiya. Fuddirde Inde Roosiya Mauɗe ɗistinirde: inɗe Roosiya e Ruthenia inɗe leydi Roosiya heɓoyi yiwoɗi gada leydi Rus, gonɗi leydi ɗi hakkuke latiɗi fuuna Slavs ɗi ɗuɗirka yimɓe fu e non inɗe ɗe joddake eɗe jodde anɗaɗe e ɗistinore ɗe gaɗa ɗenbo leydi ɗin luɓɓe fu joɗiɓe ɗermari eɓe noddiraɗi leydi Roosiya gamma limtuɗe ɗenɗen diiwal gada luttuɗe diiweɗe ɗun heɓoyi eta gun mari eɗun hollaɗi e dau Kievan Rus eta ɗistinore zaman. Inɗe Rus e hore mare ɗe wurtake gada yimɓe Rus artuɓe hautuɗe ɓe shoggu ɓe nosu e honoɓe ɓenɗon ɓaguɓe gada hultano dallol Baltic ɗenbo ɓe tiggi gonɗi leydi eɗi nonuɗi Novgorod gondi gaɗaɗen latiɗi Kievan Rus. Anɗinore innorde ɗe Medieval ɗe innde Rus. Kaire woni Ruthenia ɗiɗun hutiri e ɗen marii gotal gada ɗer ɓii gal ɗungal gam geɓe ɗe Slavic e ta fuuna Orthodox, ɗem be ko ɗuɗufu e jonɗe bi’igal gal leydi Rus. Innde leydi ɗin ɗe jonii_ Roosiya ɗe wurtoike e gada innde Girka ɗe Byzantine ɗe Rus; __ Rossia ɗe ɗun winɗi __ (Rosia) noddiraɗe [Ro’sia] e ɗer Hellenancire ɗe zaman. Gal ɗun foɗi hautugo lawol hogol ɓiɓɓe leydi ɗin Roosiya hanjun ke Roosiya’en e ɗer Turankore. E wodi biyee kanje ɗiɗi eɗer ɗemgal Roosiyare be ɗun ɗuɗuri fassirgo ɗe yari inngilisjo e ko joɗi Roosiyare – Gotun bo hanjun wonii __ (Rossiyane) lati honlinɗe ɓe leydi Roosiya nato hauti e hollugo lasgol ba. Neesuji Mawɗun distinorɗun neesuji Roosiya Boishoi wuro fijirde tokkirgo go e Moscow neesuji Rasha ɗi keɓoyi harande e ta lawol distinorde ummatore inare ɗe – ɗe woni ɗen bo e jajirka majun neesuji dinna e jodagu e hollurgo hirnawol duniyaaru. Winɗaɓe e anɗuɓe lasgol Roosiya ɓe yabi gamol bongol faaro maruki yumuki Turanko’en. Ha e jonii Roosiyanko’en ɓe gaɗi inɗe sombe e bauɗi e hiɓɓe ɗenno. Balle, fiijjoje, ɗuɗugo e gure ɗere-ɗere filmi. Ha e ko jonni ummatore ɗe hokki balle artuɗe e kononini tayaka e gollirka e jiituki ko yaari dau kode. Roosiya e go wodi wuro e go ɗun inaje distinorde go UNESCO 3019 gada ɗer maɓɓe neesuji ɗi e bo ɗen goɗɗe gutule 27 ɗon ɓali eɗer goɗɗeje ɗe ɗun siryi. Mawɗe leddi Roosiya ɗe duniyaaru hanje ma ɗe yaɓi gamol faaro sakugo neesuji Roosiya e fuu dunjaru – halama leydi ɗi Roosiya shila ga ko e ɗiɗi ɗun heɓi fuɗɗaɗe tun zaman Tsardom, ɗenbo e ɗi ɗer Toggore makamiji e shaidaki. E ɗun wada kaute e Bear Roosiya e inna Roosiya. E ɗau Areji ɗi kononi leydi ɗin. E ɗun Hosha goyaɗi matryeshka e ɗau nan dirɗun neesuji Roosiya. Leydi Yuroopu Aasiya Hiimobe Skolkovo ko galluure nder Roosiya. Roosiya Dowlaaji Dentuɗi ko leydi nder Aameerik. Laamorde leydi yo Washington DC. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 3.531.905 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 331.002.647. Joe Biden Leydi Aameerik Lacuna Coil ko rockband (Italiya). Italiya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Italiya yo Rome (it. Roma). Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 301.338 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 60.532.325. Italiya no keridi dow hakoudemabhe e Faransi, Suwis, Otiris, Suloweniya. Banghe heditide den fow ko mayoo djianno wieteego Mediterraneo. Rome wonno kapital lamordeh mawnoudeden won nodeh doubhi doubhi sare politiki on e siwlisaaku hirnaange. Italiya 2013 wonno ndjetatto bouroubhe dole e der adouna on,nayabho e der leydi Yuroopu. Yuroopu Leydi Poloonya (en. Poland, pl. Polska) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 312.696 km², jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2019 yimɓe 38.396.000. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Poloonya yo Warsaw (pl. Warszawa). Poloonya ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Cekiya (796 km) yo Sulowakiya (541 km), Ukrayiina (535 km), Almaanya (467 km), Belaruusiya (418 km), Roosiya (210 km), Lituwaniya (104 km). Demography Poloonya: Demography 1370-2009 Galluure Warsaw 1.750.000 (2016) Kraków 760.000 Łódź 700.000 Wrocław 640.000 Gallery Leydi Yuroopu Nawru (Nauru, Naoero) ko leydi. Leydi Oseyaaniya Sinngapuur ko leydi. Leydi Aasiya Ho Chi Minh City ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Paltoga ko galluure nder Roosiya. Roosiya Maayo Jaaliba (maa Jaalibawol) hino tawaa e maaje tati ɓurɗe ɗen mawnude e nder Afirik. Ɗeya ɗiɗi ko Maayo Niil kañum e Maayo Konngo. Innde maggo ɓurnde lollude nden ko ittaande e ɗemɗe Porto ɗen wano faransi e enngele, ɗum ko Niijer. Maayo Jaaliba ko e leydi Gine tubbi, ngo yaari Maali, ka hakkunde ndin leydi e nokkuure Fulɓe inneteende Maasina ngo waɗi kofol (turnde) ngo jippori funnaange-ñaamo ngo rewi ndenndaandi Niijer e ndenndaandi Niijeriya. Ko ɗon ngo tubbitoyi e Fiiltiingo Atlantik. Njuuteendi Jaaliba ko 4400 km. Innde maggo e yoga e ɗemɗe leƴƴi hoɗuɗi e daande maggo: Joliba (bammbarankoore), Ghir-n-Igheren (ɗemngal Tuwaaregʼen, ɗum firi ko: maayo maaje, hino gasa tawa ko ɗum Tuubakooɓe nani wiʼi ko Niijer), Isa Ber (ɗemngal Soŋay, ɗum firi ko: maayo mawngo), Kwara (hawsankoore). Calɗi Jaaliba ɗin e nder leydi Gine ko: Milo, Sankarani, Tenkiso, Ñanndan. E nder Niijeriya ko caangol Beñwe. Maayooji Maayo Niil (e arabuure: النيل‎, An Nīl, misrankoore aranere: Iteru walla Ḥ'pī, kiɓiɗiyankoore: ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ Piaro walla Phiaro, ɗemngal amharik Ecoppi: ዓባይ?; ɗum wonta e binndol lateŋ: ʿAbbai) hino ƴettiraa hono maayo ɓurngo juutude ngoo e nder aduna on. Njuuteendi maggo hino fota e 6,650 km. Hingo rewi e leyɗe sappo: Sudaan, Sudaan Ñaamo, Burunndi, Ruwanndaa, Ndenndaandi Konngo, Tansani, Keña, Ecoppi, Ugannda, Ejipte (Misira). Iwdi Niil ko Ugannda woni. Hino fottanaa kadi wondema ko ndiyam Niil woni ko wuurni leydi Ejipte, sabu ko leydi yoorndi. Kala saare sincaande e mayri ko e takko Niil woni. Sinno Maayo Niil woodaa, wiɗotooɓe taariixa no felliti siwlisasiyoŋ (peerndam) Misira Kinndi woodataano. Ko ɗum addi Herodot, karallo taariixa gerekjo e winndugol: "Ejipte ko dokkal Niil". Maayooji Banovci ko galluure nder Korowaasiya. Yuroopu Trpinja ko galluure nder Korowaasiya. Yuroopu Aasiya duungal. Duungal Islannda ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Anndoora (ca. Les Valls d’Andorra, Principat d’Andorra) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Anndoora yo Andorra la Vella. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 468 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 78.014. Demography Demography: Anndoora 1947-2014 Galluure Andorra la Vella 22.886 (2015) Escaldes-Engordany 14.367 Sant Julià de Lòria 9.379 Gallery Leydi Yuroopu Anndoora Holannda ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 41.543 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 17.116.281. Leydi Yuroopu Fiiji ko leydi. Leydi Oseyaaniya a,ɗa,ɗo,nda,ndo,ndi,nga,ngo,nge nagge,nagge nge Vũng Tàu ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Peru ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Peru yo Lima. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.285.215 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 31,237,385. Leydi Aameerik Almaanya (de. Deutschland) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Almaanya yo Berlin. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 357.376 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 82.457.000. Demography Almaanya: Demography 1800-2000 Galluure Berlin 3.520.031 (2015) Hamburg (de. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg) 1.787.408 Munich (de. München) 1.450.381 Gallery Leydi Yuroopu Almaanya Belaruusiya (by. Беларусь) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Belaruusiya yo Minsk (by. Мінск). Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 207.595 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 9.498.700. Demography Demography: Belaruusija 1960-2015 Galluure Minsk 1.939.800 (2015) Gomel 526.872 Mogilev 374.644 Gallery Leydi Yuroopu Belaruusiya Estoniya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Estoniya yo Tallinn. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 45.227 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 1.318.705. Leydi Yuroopu Bosniya e Herzegovina (ba. Bosna i Hercegovina) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Bosniya e Herzegovina yo Sarayevo. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 51.197 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 3.531.159. Leydi Yuroopu Bosniya e Herzegovina Bulgariya jaamhuuriya Bulgariya leddi’on haa fombina waladu fuuna Yuroopu. Don ha wakkere fuuna Balkans, o hauti kerol be Romaniya daga woyla, Serbia woyla Macedonia daga wakkare hirna, Girka be Turkiyya haa fombina, be maya Bahar Black daga fuuna Bulgariya wodi yajigo leddi kilomiteer 110,994 (42,855sq mi), bo leydi man on je saffoi je go je buri maunugo luttano mawɗo berniiji kanje’on Plovdiv, Varna be Burgas. Ɗuɗugo yimɓe Ɗuɗugo jama’aje Bulgariya yaari 7,364,570 do limgo jama’aje 2012. Geɓe 72.5% be ɗuɗugo yimɓe leddiman be ɗon joɗi der bernije. Yahugo 2019, Sofia kanjim’on berniwol ɓuri ɗuɗugo yimɓe ɗon hosi ɗuɗugo yimɓe 1,241,675 be Plovdiv (346, 893), be Varna (336,505), be Burgas (202,434) be Ruse (142,902). Bulgariya’en kanbi’on mawɓe je nan ɓe 84.8% je ɗuɗugo yimɓe leddi man. Sai ɗuɗugo maɓɓe Turkawa wodi geɓe jetati 8.8% be Rumawa ɓe ɗon tokkindiri be gebe 4.9% wodi. Fere bo jananɓe ɓe hosi geɓe man. Faɗɗitaa Leydi Yuroopu Bulgariya Cà Mau ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Nha Trang ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Nha Trang - Wikivoyage Wiyetnam Bien Hoa ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Đà Nẵng ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Aéroport de Dong Hoi (Sân bay Đồng Hới) ko aéroport nder Đồng Hới, Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Aéroport de Tan Son Nhat (Tan Son Nhat International) ko aéroport nder Ho Chi Minh City, Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Muusaa Moolo So tawii won jaambareeɓe njejjitaa nder daartol Senegaal, Alfaa Yaayaa Moolo Balde e ɓiyi mum Muusaa Moolo Balde ko heen njeyaa. Gadano o ko baaba mum ɗiɗaɓo o. Ɓe laamiima e yontaaji jokkondirɗi Laamaandi Fulɓe Fuladu maa Firdu. Laamaandi Fuladu fuɗɗii ko e hitaande 1867 caggal nde Kaanaŋkiri Manndeŋ ndi Gaabu yani. E ɗeen kitaale, Fulɓe hoɗnooɓe nder tunndu Firdu, murti caltii hiiɗeende jom leydi en, ɓeen ngoni Manndiŋkooɓe Gaabu. Alfaa Moolo ardinoo ndee wolde salaare njiimaandi e ɓiɗtere. Laamaandi Fuladu mooftunoo yoga e ko wiyatee hannde « Haute Casamance » (Jeeri Kaasamaas). l Alfaa Moolo, kaɓanaaɗo wellitaare Fuladu Jibini Alfaa Yaayaa Moolo Balde ko baañoowo ŋanaa Manndiŋke biyeteeɗo Malal. Yumma makko ko pullo biyetenooɗo Egge. O jibinaa ko to wuro Sulibali e darorɗe teeminannde XIXɓiire. Daartiyaŋkooɓe kawrii yettoode makko ko Kulibali. Ɓe mbiyi ko ɗum wonnoo yettoode baaba makko ummoriiɗo Laamaandi Mali. E fawaade e aadaa Fulɓe Fuladu, o yettaa yettoode yumma makko ngati baaba makko wonaa Pullo. Helmere « Moolo » nde seekaa ko gollal « moolaade » ngati baaba makko nde ari Fuladu, moolii ko e juuɗe Gelaajo Balde, dimo galo keewɗo jawdi nder Firdu. Saltaare ɓiɗtere Mandiŋkooɓe pawi e daaɗe Fulɓe Malal, baaba mum Alfaa Moolo, maayii law. Ko adii ɗuum, o ekkini ɓiyiiko kala gannde cuuɗiiɗe e waaño. Caggal ɗuum, ko Gelaajo Balde nehi mo. Law, Alfaa Moolo laatii baañoowo ŋanaa, teskaaɗo nder diiwaan oo fof. O waɗi cukaagu makko ko ɗoon, o seediima ɓiɗtere Fulɓe ɓiɗtaa e caɗeele Manndiŋkooɓe Gaabu pawi e daaɗe Fulɓe. Golle “sarwis”, nguyka, ƴeeɓaali, ko geɗe ɗe Manndiŋkooɓe pawi e Fulɓe ñalnde kala. Podanaaɗo darjeende laamu Fuladu No sukaaɓe fedde makko nii, o naati jaŋde Quraana. O ɗannanii wuro Labe janngoyde to Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ ngam ɓeydude ganndal makko. Ko nde o ummitii Labe, o fiilaa “Alfaa”, o waɗti wiyeede Alfaa Moolo. Ko adii ɗuum, Alhajji Umar Taal mo Fuuta Tooro, rewiino Fuladu e hitaande 1846. Ko ndeen o fodani Alfaa Moolo darjeende e laamu, o wiyi ma o laato kuuɓnoowo wellitaare leydi makko. Ko ndeen o wiyi : “Alfaa Moolo, aɗa roondii hakke wellitde Fulɓe Gaabu, ittaa ɓe e njiimaandi Mandiŋkooɓe”. Alfaa Moolo renndini hoohooɓe Fulɓe fof kam e waañooɓe nder wuro Ndorma, sara wuro makko Sulabali. Ko wuro Ndorma wonnoo ndeen nokku deentorɗo (tuddunde) waañooɓe Fuladu. Ko ɗoon miijo haɓtaade Mandiŋkooɓe ardiiɓe Firdu ɓenndi e koye maɓɓe. Alfaa Moolo e harbiyaŋkooɓe mum puɗɗii hirjinde yimɓe, ɓe tawtoraa kareeli pamari ɗi Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ ummaninoo feewde e Mandiŋkooɓe. Wartaade ɓuranii rewɓe Mandiŋkooɓe waɗteede horɓe Fulɓe E oon tuma, laamaandi Gaabu tawi fuɗɗiima deestaade sabu kareeli ndernderi. Yanti heen kadi, e hitaande 1867, golwole ɗe Almaami Umar mo Fuuta Jaloŋ tiindini e maɓɓe. Ko ɗum addi wolde Kansala kewnde e hitaande 1867. Ko ndeen laamɗo Firdu biyeteeɗo Jaŋka Waali foolaa, o salii waɗteede maccuɗo, o renndini ɓesngu makko e jagge laamu makko fof, debbo e gorko, kamɓe fof ɓe mbartii. Mandiŋkooɓe inniri ndee wolde ko “turban kello” ko firata “wolde warngo”. Haa e oo yonta hannde, awluɓe Mandiŋkooɓe ina ciftina jaambaraagal laamɓe Gaabu, teeŋti noon e darnde rewɓe darinoo heen. Balɗe daɓɓe kaɗii Alfaa Moolo yumtinde yiɗde mum Nde Jaŋka Waali maayi, tunɗi keddiiɗi ɗii fof piɗɗitii njiimaandi Firdu Mandiŋkooɓe. Ɓe njumtini golwole Almameeɓe Fuuta Jaloŋ. Ko e kaa ngonka Alfaa Moolo e wondiiɓe mum ummanii hare feewde e laamɗo Mandiŋke biyeteeɗo Keekuta Soona. Ɓe njuggi ɗoon laabi keewɗi ko adii nde ɓe poolata Keekuta Soona. Ko ndeen hankadi Fuladu wonti nehaande Laamaandi Fuladu. Tuugude 1869 haa 1880, Alfaa Moolo haɓi ko e koniŋkooɓe Foode Kabaa Dumbuya. Kaŋko fof e wonde peertanɗo dawrugol e golwole, o dañaani joofnude golle makko. O saŋkii to wuro Danndu (nder Gine Bisaaw hannde) e hitaande 1881. Ko ɗoo golle sosiyaŋke Laamaandi Fuladu kaaɗi. E oon yonta, tawi leydi Farayse naatanii jooɗaade Jeeri Kaasamaas (Haute Casamance). Kareeli ndernderi njoli nder Laamaandi Fuladu hakkunde 1881 e 1883. Kareeli hakkunde Muusaa Moolo e baabiraaɓe mum ɗiɗo, Bakari Demmba e Dikkori Demmba. Mo woni e maɓɓe fof ina yiɗi lomtaade Alfaa Moolo, baaba mum Muusaa, mawni mum Bakari e Dikkori. Muusaa Moolo, dono baaba mum Jibini Muusaa Moolo ko Alfaa Moolo. Yumma makko wiyetenoo ko Kummba Wuude. O jibinaa ko wuro Ndorma e hitaande 1848. E cukaagu makko, o tawtoraama golwole keewɗe e gardagol baaba makko, haa teeŋti noon e kareeli hitaande 1878 hakkunde maɓɓe e Foode Kabaa Dumbuya, ceernaajo Mandiŋkeejo. O seediima caɗeele Mandiŋkooɓe pawnoo e Fulɓe Firdu. Ko ɗum jibini jaambaraagal makko, waɗi mo kaɓeteeɗo mo cuusal mum teskaa. E hitaande 1883, o ñaagii ballal tuubakooɓe Farayse mbele aɓe curana mo njanguuji baabiraaɓe makko Bakari Demmba e Dikkori Demmba. Faraysenaaɓe njooɗinoo ndeen ko to wuro Seeju. Njoɓdi ballal ngal, nde o heɓi laamu e hitaande 1883, o siifondiri e Farayse e gardagol Lieutenant Lenoir to wuro Jannah Malari, “nanondiral moolaare”. Ngal nanondiral waɗi Laamaandi Fuladu les njiimaandi leydi Farayse. Ko ɗoon hankadi “muuku-maaka” fuɗɗii hakkunde makko e tuubakooɓe. Nde wonnoo Muusaa Moolo ko peertanɗo dawrugol, o huutorii ngal nanondiral haa o fooli ɓiɓɓe baaba makko en yiɗɓe teetde jappeere makko. Kono kadi, omo faami no Farayse yiɗiri huutoraade mo haa waawa jiimde diiwaan Jeeri Kaasamaas, foola ɗoon Engele e Purtugal. Ko ɗum tagi e yonta laamu makko, e yiɗde mo fandinde ngoodaandi laamu makko, o huutoriima ɓiyngu-baabaagu ngoongu hakkunde Farayse e Engele e Purtugaal. Muusaa Moolo haɓii e Mammadu Lamine Daraame Nder kareeli hakkunde koloñaal Farayse e ceernaajo biyeteeɗo Mammadu Lamin Daraame mo Ɓunndu, Muusaa Moolo jinngani tuubakooɓe. O ummanii kadi golwole keewɗe hakkunde makko e Foode Kabaa Dumbuya. Tuubakooɓe Farayse mahi jooɗorde mum en to wuro Hamdallaay e hitaande 1895. Ɗum usti doole Muusaa Moolo mo Fuladu. Caɗeele njoli hakkunde maɓɓe. Nde wonnoo ɓiɗteende Farayse ɓeydiima tiiɗde, Muusaa Moolo siifi nanondiral hakkunde makko e Engele’en mbele aɓe moola mo e yiɗde Farayse en. Farayse ɓeydii doolnude sabu ŋatere, Muusa Moolo uuji e hitaande 1901, o fayi leydi Gambi, o mooloyii to Engele en, nder wuro Keserkunnda. Ko ɗoon Laamaandi Fuladu juggi. E hitaande 1918, Muusaa Moolo fayi leydi Sira Leon e ballal Engele en, o woni toon haa e hitaande 1923, o arti kadi Gambi. O saŋkii e hitaande 1931 to wuro Keserkunnda. Ko ɗoon o wirnaa. No baaba makko, kaŋko ne o lelaaki e leydi makko. Iwdi Alfaa Moolo ina tawee hannde o nder leyɗeele Gambi e Gine Bisaaw e Senegaal. Ɗum ko sewnde wuurtinoore naatnaattondiral e jokkondiral leƴƴi e ɓesnguuji Senegambi. Dewgal (maa desal) ko gondigal debbo e gorko aadanaangal, humeteengal e yeeso sariya. Si gorko humanii debbo, ɗum no wi'ee kadi o resii debbo maa o ɓaŋii maa o dewlii. Fulɓe ina joganii ɗum karfeeje heewɗe. Humugol dewgal no seerta, foti ko tuugaade e leñol, e diina, e aadaaji, e leydi, e jamaanu. Hino waawi kadi senndindireede hakkunde jommbugal finaa-tawaa e jommbugal laamu, wi'eteengal kadi jommbugal siwil. E ngal ɗon, ko e yeeso jooɗaniiɗo laamu, e nder huɓeere laamu, wano suudu lameeri maa suudu hooreejo saare. Si ko dewgal finaa-tawaa, ko nii ngal humirtee e nokkuuje Fulɓe: Fuuta Jaloo Desal, hina wi'ee kadi dewgal, genndal, jommbere, ƴettere, e ko nannde. Ko woowanoo ɓaawo ɗoo nun, hari ko mawɓe ɓen jommbanta suka mon on ka araande, ɓe suɓanoo mo sonnaajo makko arano on, walla le; ɓe wallondira e makko ka suɓagol jiwo on, si giiɗe maɓɓe ɗen arii hawrude e ka weli ɓe, ɓe ndaarana kisan no ɓe yaltinira goro. Gorooje ɗen: toraare kala si gasay, dewgal kala si timmay, ko maa goro yaltinee laawi ɗuuɗuɗi, laawol kala e faandaare mun. Laawol aranol ngol; ko goro hunorɗe yaltintee, adadu majje on, ko goro sappo (10), woɓɓe waɗa saaku lamɗam, walla kore tew kosam, ekn. Ɗum ɗon fow naɓee ka mawɓe jiwo on fii hunagol laawol, ɓe wi'a ɗum: "Ndaarir ɗum ɗatal", walla " Ƴeewude laawol", ekn. Ko e battane nden hunannde mawɓe suka on anndata si tawii "Jeyɓe jogaaki", ngam ɓe heɓa no ɓe addira gorooje hikkuɗe ɗon ɗen. Laawol ɗimmol ngol; Ko Goro toraare yaltinntee , ko e ngol laawol ɗon woni ko mawɓe suka on torantoo sagataa maɓɓe on, jiwo ɓeya on, si ɓe okkii, haray gila nden ñannde, haa woni tuma dewgal ngal taatike woo, kañum torondirɓe ɓe ɓen (gorun kun e deyun kun), haanaa yiidude, sakko yewta, fija-jala! Ɗum ko ko haɗaa,, tuma kala nde jiwo on nani hito suka on; o dogay o suuɗoo, si tawii le ko bee ɓe yiida; haray ko maa si goɗɗo lombi... Mawɓe jiwo on senndana bolondaa on goroojo ɗen, ɓe waɗana mawɓe ɓen e kawte ɗen feƴƴere, ndeya feƴƴere; ɓe sennditana ɓeenguure nden e hedditiiɓe ɓen. Ñalaande nden: Si ɗum fow feƴƴii, ñalaande desal ngal waɗee, jamaa on hollitee, suka on waɗa dolokke baaba, e hudere yumma, o holtina jommba jiwo, maaro defee, lacciree surtinee, njaram hebilee, teewu defee... Haaju on waɗa, pinka fettinee, ñi'e sennditee, hoɓɓe wernee, jommba ɗowtitee, seleli yimee, hoɗo ngon nantondira welo-welo. Fuuta Tooro E nder reedu Fuuta Tooro, diiwaan biyeteeɗo tooro, e wuro wiyeteengo Ari founda, dewgal banndiraagal ko nii yahranno: Resondirta ko ɓiɓɓe baaba, resondirta ko ɓiɓɓe yumma (remmeraaɓe), resondirta ko denɗiraaɓe, resondirta ko fotɓe jibinannde, resondirta ko fasiraaɓe. So tawii ɓiɗɗo debbo jibinaama tan, o nangante bandiiko, wiyee ɓiɗɗo gorko haɓɓi e makko tekkere. Walla o haɓɓanaama e makko tekkere. Holno ɗum yahratnoo? So wiyaama debbo heɓtiima (jibinii) tan, banndiraaɓe kala ngaran salminde mo. So tawii andaama ko ɓiɗɗo debbo o heɓi, gooto e rewɓe ɓee, tawa ko gorgilaaɗo, walla yummiraaɗo cawndiiɗo, walla jom suudu kaawiraaɗo, seelta ceeltol e comcol mum, o haɓɓa e jungel tiggu oo. Nii woni o nanganii ngel ɓiyiiko gorko. Tuggi oon sahaa haa nde sukaaɓe ɓee mawnoyta, ɓiɗɗo gorko gotɗo biyɗo ene yiɗi cukalel dewel ngel kala, jaabatee ko o ƴamaaɗo, walla ko o gadaaɗo. Jinnaaɓe ɓiɗɗo gorko kaɓɓanaaɗo tekkere oo ene kollira yiɗde mum en e geɗe kala, ngam siiftinde aadi maɓɓe. So tawii Alla waɗii suka debbo o yontii naatde dewgal, ƴamal ngal waɗtee goonga : ñuumbordi addee to yumma makko, heen huunde feccee e bandiraaɓe ɓadiiɓe, wiyee kaariyel rokkaama kaari. Nafoore addee, ɗum woni hujjaaji ko wayi no koltu debbo oo, wutte baaba e wutte yumma, ekn. Doŋngal lahal ene waawi ardude e nafoore, kono kadi ene waawi arde baŋnge: ɗuum soomii ko lehe ƴeekiraaɓe e caabune esiraaɓe. Ƴeekiraaɗo kala e esiraaɗo kala ene fondaa ko addata. Ƴeekiraaɗo gardiiɗo geɗe kala oo noon, ko dokkaaɗo suudu oo : oon wiyetee joom suudu. Rokkeede suudu, ko bannde gorko subaaɗe ma e baŋnge dewol walla gorol yo a won mawɗo ƴeekiraaɓe, ndañaa geɗal keertingal gila e dewgal, haa e innde, ekn. Kumal Ko ɗuum woni dewgal. Dagnata dewgal noon ko teŋe. Teŋe ɗee ene wona jawdi ndariindi, ene wona kaalis, ekn. Ndiin jawdi ko debbo oo tan jeyi ndi. Ndi feccetaake etee ndi rokketaake. Debbo oo wiyee humdanaama e gorko. O daganiima mo e yeeso Alla e jeese juulɓe. Hay so taawii dewgal humaama hakkunde debbo e gorko, e nder Fuuta, aadaaji goɗɗi ene ngoodi potɗi rewreede haa gorko heɓa debbo muuɗum: Naamnitirɗi ummoo to galle gorko faya galle debbo: ko ɗum kaalis newnoowo garal debbo galle gorko mum. Koreeji debbo o e gorko oo njooɗodoo, kaalda, taƴa ñalngu ngu debbo oo hurtotoo. Kurtungu Ko ñalngu ngu debbo ummotoo to galle baaba mum, suudu neene mum, faya suudu mum, galle gorko mum. Ñalngu nguu ine wiyee ndiftungu e heen e diiwaanuuji, walla kadi cuddungu. Ñalnde e suudu : Ňalawma kurtungu nguu, debbo ñallata ko e suudu kaŋko e giƴiraaɓe makko. Hakke doole jiknaaɓe makko to tolnii, ɓe kirsanee, walla ɓe ndefanee, walla ɓe mbeltinee no wayi wayde kala. Piye Yumma mum jommbaajo maa jommbajjo nodda banndum en, so tawii o nootaama o fiyanee kaalis. So piye ɗee ndentii, kaalis o hiisee, kinɗe limtee, gooto heen kala rokkee feccere mum. Piye goɗɗe ene piyee tawi hiiri, ɗe mbiyetee ko cord i: ko comci daneeji ɗi jombaajo dammbortoo ɗii keettatee heen. Cuuɗoygol jommbaajo So tawii giyiraaɓe ɓe ndañii no ɓe puuntiri mawɓe ñalluɓe e galle oo, ɓe nawat debbo oo, ɓe cuuɗoya mo. So hiirii haa waktu kurtungu yontii, fedde gorko oo naata e wuro ene yiiloo debbo mum. Fedde debbo o wiya yo ɓe njeen ɓe no ɓe ngartiroya jombaajo. So ɓe keɓii njeenaari maɓɓe, ɓe njaha ɓe ngartiroya jommbaajo: ɗuum ko huunde e hujjaaji maɓɓe. Lootgol jommbaajo So taawii jommbaajo artiraama galle baaba mum oon saanga o lootee. Lootata mo ko rewɓe aaɓɓe, ɓe nganndiraaka cuutule walla ceerle ekn. So o lootaama haa gasii, o ɓoornee comci ngaaɓɗi, walla comci ganni ɗi ɓoornetaake so wonaa e ñalɗi moƴƴi bayɗi hono yaŋnge walla innde, ekn. Duwaawu jignaaɓe Jommbaajo hade mum yahde galle gorko mum maa o wayninee. Jignaaɓe makko mbaajoo mo no debbo jooɗirtoo e nder galle, e nder suudu, no o wonndirta e esiraaɓe e ƴeekiraaɓe e banndiraaɓe gorko no potiri. So ɗuum ɓennii, ɓe nduwanoo mo hade makko yaltude galle. Baɗɗingol So tawii yahdu yontii, dendiraaɓe (ɓiɗɓe gorgilaaɓe) ngara waɗɗinde kaliifa (ɓiy kaawiraaɗo) mum en. Waɗɗinde noon ene siforoo nii: - Waɗɗinde e keeci (wammbude); - Waɗɗinde e daabaa (mbabba, walla puccu, walla ngaari, ekn) ; - Baɗɗingol oo sahaa jooni noon ko e oto no waawii siforaade fof. So tawii denɗiraaɗo waɗɗinii denɗum haa o yettinii mo damal galle gorko, e oon sahaa, o wiya debbo tellotaako, saka naata galle so wonaa o tottee mbaɗɗinirdi makko. Ɗuum fawii e ko fawi gorko oo, tawi kadi ene hawri e baawal mum. Mbaɗɗinirdi ko huunde e hujjaaji Fuuta. Wiseede koondi So debbo naatnaama galle gorko, tawat yumma mum gorko o, walla gooto e jignaaɓe makko rewɓe ene jooɗii, ene porti koyɗe mum , o addee, o lelnee e dow koyɗe hee. Tawa oon saanga gaweeje loowaama e lehel walla e battu. So jommbaajo lelnaama, gawri ndii wisee e makko, awluɓe walla ñeeñɓe ene njima, ene nduwoo : “yoo koondi mal mo, yoo mal jommbaajo, no maldunoo adinooɓe mo e suudu nii.” Lelnde So tawii lelnde yontii, addunooɓe jommbaajo koota galleeji mum en, haa heddoo dammboowo (walla dammbooɓe). Ko ɓeen ngondata e debbo jommbiniiɗo oo haa nde o dammbitii fof (nde o yalti e suudu). Comci daneeji debbo mboomri heewi dammboraade. Njeenaari So debbo leliima haa tawaama ko o suka, gorko ene joganii mo njeenaari. Njeenaari ndi, heewi ko sorneede e les ngaflaawu. So yahii haa weetii, kanko gorko oo, ko waawi yeende debbo makko kala, jignaaɓe maɓɓe e wanndiraaɓe makko rewɓe ene mbaawi fawde heen goɗɗum. Ñaam gawri Ñalawma gadano debbo waali e galle gorko mum, so o finii, kanko e fedde makko kala ɓe njaɓataa ñaamde so wonaa ɓe njeena. Ndiin njeenaari wiyetee ko ñaam gawri. So tawii ɓe keɓii ndiin njeenaari haa timmii, oon saanga ɓe ɓattinee kacitaari (ene wona gosi, walla teewu, walla kafe, ekn) ɓe ñaama. Woli boombi So kaccitaaje ɓennii, fedde debbo naamdo woli mum. Woli wonatnoo ko kaaƴe pijirteeɗe. Kono woli boombi ko tanngal walla mbiskit fijirtee, heen huunde ñaamee. Bula boombi Bula oo ne ko hujjaaji ɗi mboomri cuddaandi fof rokkata fedde mum. Ko gorko oo yaltinta ɗiin hujjaaji. Dammbordu Ko ñaldi ɗi debbo wonata e suudu (balɗe tati, walla balɗe jeeɗiɗi, walla lewru), wiyee ko o dambiiɗo. Omo ɓoornii comci jommbaajo (Daneeji wonande mboomri), omo muurnii tuggi dow hoore makko haa heɓi koyɗe makko. Yeeso makko omo muurni heen ɓurtungal. So tawii o wonndi ko e fedde makko, o wedditto ɓurtungal ngal e hoore makko. So o nanii teppe neɗɗo, o artira ngal e yeeso makko. Gorko makko, kañum e fedde mum, e banndum en, kala e muuɗum en jiɗɗo yiyde yeeso makko, maa oon yeena mo: ɗuum woni ñoortirɗi, wiyee o ñoortii mo. Guppuli So debbo dammbiima haa o dammbitiima, fedde makko jiiɓa ɓakkere (jooni ko conndi farin heewi waɗeede), ɓe naata e wuro, eɓe njiyloo fedde gorko oo. Kala heen mo ɓe njiyi, ɓe muulat e muuɗum ɓakkere ndee. Ɓeen ne, ndidda ɓe, mo ɓe keɓtii kala ɓe njoftoo, walla ɓe piya. So ñalawma oo woɗɗi noon, ɓe ndenndina comci ɗii kala, ɓe tottee caabune, ɓe tiindoo maayo walla woyndu. Ɓe ñalla wuppude haa hiira, ɓe ndoontoo guppirɗe maɓɓe ɓe ngarta wuro. Tawa oon sahaa, e galle gorko ɗoo, ɓe kirsanaama, ɓe ndefanaama barmeeji gosi e teewu. No ɓe njettotoo to galle ɗoo tawat barmeeji ɗii ndeftaama. So ɓe njettiima, ɓe ndootoo guppirɗi maɓɓe damal galle, ɓe ndoora fijirde: “Yaay addu ko ndefanno-ɗaa cukalel! Yaay kay moɗii.” Lehe ndottee, leece mbertee, ɓe ɓadinee ɓe ñaama. Moorol jommbaajo So jommbaajo dammbitiima, o ɓoorii daneeji ɗi o ɓoorninoo ɗii, e oon sahaa, o firta muggi ɗi o waɗananoo ñalnde o ñalli e suudu. Gayi, walla ndammiri kirsee, payane cagginee, o ñalla e moorol. Moorol ngol noon heewi moorde ɗum ko neeno caɗtidiiɗo jignaaɓe debbo oo. Omo juuree kaalisaaji, haa e comci, tuggi nde o fuɗɗi haa nde moorol ngol joofi kala. So moorol joofi, teppugol fuɗɗo. Ɗuum ko ciŋkal moorol ngol: ñaaƴe, kaaje, korbuuje, kulaalaatuuje, kanne ñootee e dow jubbi hee. So tawii o gaynii teppude, o lootoo, o sinnkoo, o ɓoornoo comci gaaɓɗi, comci ganni, comci goobaaɗi biyeteeɗi takkaaji, ɗi ɓoornetaake so wonaa e ñalɗi baaɗi no yaŋnge, walla innde, ekn. Calminoygol jommbaajo So debbo dammbitiima, omo salminoya galleeji banndiraaɓe. Nguun ñalngu ne kadi o ɓoornoto ko comci gaaɓɗi, o muurnoo wudere goobaande yahdunde e ciŋkal makko ngal. Oon sahaa, omo yahda e ñeeñɓe, omo yahda e huunde e sehilaaɓe makko walla bandiiko en. Ene hasii, to ɓe njettii kala, ɓe teddinte, ɓeen nduwoo yo Alla waɗ barke e dewgal ngal, wooda kadi ko ɓe ndokkaa ko feewti e ndewaagu (cuuraay, walla ɗaɗi, ekn). Keɓgol hiraande Debbo dammbitiima haa salminoyii, o waɗta yaltude boowal. E oon sahaa, omo waawi rokkeede hiraande makko, kono kadi omo waawi waɗeede koɗo haa ɓooya. Ɗuum ko tawii o hurtii ko galle esiiko en. So tawii gorko jogii ko nokku mum, so o dammbitiima tan o ɓamat hiraande makko. Ɗuum wonii ko keblu-mi, ko haaɗi e ganndal am e dewgal Haal pulaar en. Miijo ngo hiisii tan ko diiwaan Boosoya ɗo nganndu-mi, njeyaa-mi ɗoo. Ene gasa tawa e nder oon diiwaan dewle kala njahraani noon; so ɗuum woonii, ko ñiŋaa heen fof ko ɓeydaari wonanta en. Hakkile gooto yonataa, ngooɗoo wiɗto ko jubbande tan e ko feewti e nguurdam renndo fulɓe. Ene yiɗaa, so newiima to Alla, nde wiɗtooji goɗɗi mbaɗatee, e fannuuji ɓurɗi yaajde. Iwdi: Jubbande e “dewgal Haal-Pulaaren” e nder Fuuta E kuɗol Abdullaay jallo, to Ari founda. Aéroport de Cam Ranht (Cam Ranh International) ko aéroport nder Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Ba Ria ko galluure nder Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Aéroport de Da Nang (Da Nang International) ko aéroport nder Da Nang, Nam Trung Bo, Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Hunngariya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 93.030 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 9.797.561. Leydi Yuroopu Aéroport de Ca Mau (Ca Mau Airport) ko aéroport nder Ca Mau, Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Ido ko ɗemngal caltungal e ɗemngal esperanto (ido firti, e ɗemngal esperanto walla «esperantide», ko «ɓiy, iwdi»). A ngal ƴoogi kadi e Idion Neutral. Ido jibina ko e hitaande 1907. Kono ngal ɓenndi ko e hitaande 1912. Caggal ɗuum, ko seeɗa waylii e maggal. Ido Idolinguo Ɗemɗe Moldowa ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Moldowa yo Chișinău. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 33.846 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 2.998.235. Leydi Yuroopu East Timor yo ngenndi rimɓe ndii leydi gorgal Asiariki woni. East Timor ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe East Timor yo Indonesia. Himɓe East Timora mbiitaakena Burkinaɓe. laamorde (kapital) leydi Vietnama yo Dili , na woni hakkunde leydi ndi. Leydi Aasiya Faransinkoore (maa Faransiŋkoore maa Faransiire maa ɗemngal Faransi ; Faransinkoore: Français; Engelenkoore: French) ko ɗemngal Faransi, Beljik e Suwis ley Yuroopu. Ngal ana haalee ley leyɗe woɗɗe ley Afriik duu. Ɗemɗe Almankoore (Almankoore: Deutsch; Faransinkoore: Allemand; Engelenkoore: German) ko ɗemngal Almaanya, Otiris e Suwis ley Yuroopu. Ɗemɗe Riisinkoore (Riisiinkoore: ру́сский язы́к [russkij jazyk]) ko ɗemngal Roosiya (Riisii). Ngal ana haalee duu ley Belaruusiya, Ukrayiina, Kasakstan, e leyɗe woɗɗe. Ɗemɗe Ciifol Gaaza (e ɗemngal aarabu: قطاع غزة‎ Qiṭāʿ Ġazza/Qita' Ghazzah maa e faranseere Bande de Gaza) ko tummbel leydi heedungel to keerol Ejipte (Misira) e leydi Isra'il), jeyaangel hannde e leydi Palestiin. Aasiya Ahmed Seeku Tuuree. Laamɗo arano leydi Gine ɓaawo jeytal-hoore mayri e hitaande 1958. Ko o laamiiɗo Gine gila jibinannde makko Faraana e hitaande 1922 haa maayde makko e hitaande 1984. Gine Pelaajo Gine Yimɓe Yimɓe Leydi Gine Aañam-Goli ko wuro manŋ'ngo heetungo banŋ'nge rewo-fuɗnaange leydi Senegal e nder diiwaan Maatam. Gure Senegal Senegal Maatam Misiide Ɓamtaare, ko lowre ɓamtal diina e pinal ka ɗemngal pulaar/fulfulde, nde sincaa ko ñannde/Duuɓii 01/01/2013 nde fuɗɗii golle e lewru Fabraa’iru (Colte) ndun. Ko tawde hari lowe pulaah e ɗuuɗude ka jowlol enternet, lowre hertinanaande fii diina tan woodaaka ; si men eɓɓi fampagol Misiide Ɓamtaare, ngam haali-pulaar en heɓa ka jannga fii diina, e pine wondude e gannde kese, e ko nanndi. Lasli innde inden: Innde lowre men nden ko e Misiide woni ko eggaa, innde lollunde fuuta Jaloo, anndirteende innde nokkuure ka juulirde mawnde nden woni ɗon, ɓe wi’a ɗum: “Ka misiide”. Misiide non ko ɗaɗol eggaangol e Arab Masjid (juulirde). Tawde non lowre men nden ko fii diina e pinal ɓuri dolnorde, waɗi si men suɓii ndee innde Misiide Ɓamtaare. Geɓe Misiide nden: Misiide Ɓamtaare hina jogii geɓe ɗiɗi e lowe fewndo ɗoo, ko kanje woni les ɗoo : 1.Misiide Pulaah nden : Ko kayre woni lowre lasliire nden, ko ɗon kala huunde yowondire e pulaar/fulfulde walla laten (faransiire, engeleere, ekn) yowetee, immorde e winndannɗe haa e ko nanndi. Jokkorde mayre nden ko nii : www.misiide.com 2.Misiide Arab nden : Fii ka musiɓɓe men fulɓe e yiɗuɓe pine fulɓe tawayɓe ɗigginaa pulaar ngal fotta, ɓe jannga winndannɗe Misiide nden e ɗemngal Arab. Ko wano non kadi fii ka defte mawɓe men ɓen yeeɓee dankitee, tawde geɓe ɗuuɗuɗe e ɗen defte ko e Arabu winndiraa. Jokkorde ngal geɓal Misiide Arab ko nii : www.misiide.com/ar Ko ɓeyditugol tun ɗum ɗoo /ar yeeso lowre lasliire nden www.misiide.com Dunce Misiide ɗen Misiide Ɓamtaare hina jogii noone ɗiɗi e dunce: Ko dunce daɓɓe (Court terme), e dunce woɗɗuɗe (long terme). 1)Dunce daɓɓe ɗen: 1.Misiide Defte: Wallifaade Saggitorɗe (dicos), ñaldinkooje (calendrier), Terminolooziiji, defte diina e pine fulɓe, defte gannde kese (informatique), e ko nanndi. 2.Misiide Media: Himo peccii ɗiɗi: Widiyoo (mbodo) e ojoo. Ko ngal duncal woni ko kippata yaltinnde kasetaaji jewte diina e pine (bayaanaaji, taali e tinndi, naamuuji fulɓe ekn), e tinndinooje (tutoriels) gannde kese, e tafude ɓeɗi (cd) e fannu kala, e ko nanndi. 2)Dunce woɗɗuɗe ɗen 3.Misiide duɗal: Miijo fii sincude duɗal jannginirgal diina e pulaar, hinde peccii ɗiɗi kayre kadi: Wootere nden ko ka enternet, ndeya nden ka yaasi si Alla muuyii. 4.Misiide Magazine: Ngam yaltinnde ɓatakal (journal) lewru bee walla lebbi ɗiɗi bee-no feere mun heɓori woo- men waɗa hen piiji ndan: Diina, pinal, renndo, taariika, fillayee, ballafuyee, kumpite, jalniika, taali e tinndi, jiɓi-liɓi, gannde kese, lesɗe e ca’e fulɓe, kawre (rencontres), e ko nanndi. Hara ngal sennditete e leydi kala ka jangoowo hittinɗo fii pulaar/fulfulde woniri e windere nden. 5.Misiide Rajoo: Si Alla salaaki, misiide nden sincay rajoo mawnuɗo tawa ko pulaar tan yewtetee ton, hara kadi ka haali-pulaar jo wontirii woo, o henndoto kañum rajoo on, o heɗitoo. Jokkorɗe amen: Ngam humpondiral ngal newoo hakkundeeji men, misiide nden hino sinci konte (comptes) ɗuuɗuɗe gasayɗe newinnde jokkondiral e Musiide Ɓamtaare, ko kanje woni ɗee ɗoo: -Imeel amen on ko: misiidemedia@gmail.com Tonngoode nden ko: +212 6 74 38 41 11 facebook twitter Youtube Innde nden : Muhammad (SAW) Ben makko : Abdullah Ibn Abdul Muttalib, ibn haasimiwu, ibn Abdul manaf, Ibn Qussiyu, Ibn kilaab, Ibn murra… Yumma makko : Aaminatu Bintu wahbi, Bintu Abdu manaf, Bintu Jahra'a, Bintu Kilaab, Bintu Murra. Pati makko ka baaba : Faatima, Bintu Umar. Pati makko ka neene : Burra, Bintu Abdu Ujaa, Bintu Usman, Bintu Abdu Daar, Bintu Qussiyu, Bintu Kilaab, Bintu Murra. Jibinannde : Makka Ñannde : 12 ()‘ربيع الاول' 53 af - ɗun hawri 20 Ibriilu 570 Nokku nuleede makko : Makka e Fammeere Hiraa’a Diina kan : Lislaamu Adareesi on : Makkatal mukaraama, refti Madiinatul munawwara. Ligge ɗen: Reeno Dammi, e njulayaagal haa ka duuɓi 30... Sifaaji makko ɗin: Goongu-ɗo, ɓurnaaɗo e tagee ngon, timmoode e Annabaaɓe ɓen… Nulal makko ngal: Yurmeende wonande windere nden. Ko o hertori: Maande annabaaku ka balaaje, himo e ley ɗowdi nokku kala ka o fewri. Ɓe faatiike : Maadiina, ñannde 12 (rabi3 awwal) 11 ferugol/Hawri 6 yuunuhu 632. Suddiiɓe makko ɓen: 1.Kadiija Bintu Xuwaylid. 2.Sawdatu Bintu Jam’a. 3.Aa'isha Bintu Abuubakr. 4.Hafsatu Bintu Umar. 5.Zeynab Bintu Xuzayma (Yumma Salama). 6.Hinnd Bintu Huzayfa. 7.Zaynab Bintu Jahsh. 8.Zuwayria Bintu Haaris. 9.Safiyya Bintu Huyay. 10.? 11.Maymuuna Bintu Haariis. 12.Maariya Bintu Sham’uun. Fayɓe makko ɓen: Ka worɓe: 1.Alqaasim, Abdullah, Ibraahiim. Ka rewɓe : Zeynab, Ruqayya, Ummu kulsuum, Faatimah. Taaniraaɓe makko ɓen: Ka worɓe: Alii, Abdullah, Alhasaan, Alhuseyn, Muhsin. ka rewɓe: Umaama, Ummu Kulsuum, Zeynab. Bappiraaɓe makko ɓen: Zubayr (Abu Tahir), Abu Taalib (Abdu Manaaf), Abbaas, Daraar, Hamza, Miqwam, Hazal, Haaris, Abu Lahab, Xaydaq, Abdul Ka’aba, Qasim. Yaayiraaɓe makko ɓen; Ummu Hakiim Albaydaa, Aa’ixa, Umayma, Arwa, Burra, Safiyya. Salminaango, Misiide Bamtaare Fii diina, pinal e ɓamtaare Ceerno Moneenembo ko jibinannde Lesdi Gine e nder Fuuta Jaloo hitaande 1947, jooɗiiɗo ka njananiri gila 1969 haa 2013, ko o dokteer e biyoshimi, o jannginii ɗum Aljeri e Marok ko ɓooyi. Fewndo hannde himo daakori ka lesdi makko Gine. Ko kanko woni ɗimmo e yaltinɓe miilol (roman) mun e nder Lesdi Gine hitaande 1979 ɓaawo kamara Laye (1953). Daari makko ɗin, hino ñawnda ko ɓuri heewude ɓiɗtanɗe ɗe Afriknaaɓe hawrata e mun ka njananiri teeŋtinii Faransi, himo hittini kadi fii Taariika e winndanɗe makko go’o, daarol makko go’o ko fii Fulɓe tan o yewti ton hingol wi'ee "peulh". Ko neeɓaali ko’o o yaltinii miilol makko sappaɓol ngol e innde: “Le terroriste noir” (ownoowo ɓaleejo e pulaar-fulfulde), ngol miilol hino sifoo fii nguurndam Haadii Ba (Addi Ba), Ginenaajo shahindinaaɗo e nder hare ndimaagu Faransi. Paramore ko rockband (Aameerik). Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Koorka hino wi'ee hoorugol kadi walla suumayee e fulfulde fuuta Jaloo. Lewru suumayee walla koorka ndun non si hewtii, julɗo on ñaamataa, yarataa, renndataa (yiidataa e sonna mun mbaldni), e ko nanndi e haɗaaɗi; gila ka peeral fajiri haa ka mutal naange (futuroo).Ɗum ko yamiroore Alla e Nulaaɗo Makko on Muhammadu (yo O his), faade e yimɓe makko ɓen. Koorka hino farlanoo gila e mofte feƴƴuɗe, ko woni tun hino serti e no hoorirten enen ɗee mofte Muhammadu ɗoo. Hoorugol, ko ko waɗɗii kala julɗo gorke e debbo hellifaaɗo. Ɓaawo ɗoo nun, hari cukalel ngel ekkiteteno hoorugol duuɓi tati ado o hellifeede. O waɗa hoora ñaama, e wonndeeje o timmina ñallal ngal, ko non haa o wowta hoorude. Yaafanaaɓe ɓen Hoorugol kañun suumayee on hino yawtanaa seeɗaaɓe, jogiiɓe ngaato, tawayɓe hunnantaa daranagol koorka kan, ko ɓen woni: Nawnuɗo, ñawɗo, setiiɗo (wayaasuɗo), sowiiɗo (reeduujo), nayeejo, e kecco (payngel), e ko nanndi. Ɓee ɗee fow hino yaananaa (newnanaa) ñaamugol. Kala non on tewiiɗo ñaami ñalorma koorka ko aldaa e sugu ɗii ngantooji ɗoo, haray kaffaara fawike mo! E nder fuuta Jaloo, si lewru suumayee (koorka) ndun naatii, mawɓe ɓen fow fottay ka misiide, ɓe diisondira, ɓe jonnindira pehe no ɓe yuɓɓira hunntaari ndin e hakkunde kowle ɗen (keewal hoggo), e no naafe ɗen gerdetee. AlQur'aanaare nden sennditee pecce cappanɗe tati (30), ñalaande kala fottee ka Janngirde fii Alluwal suumayee ngal, ko non haa lewru ndun timma. Albaniya, Haa Hukuma be Jaamhuuriiya Albaniya leydi on haa waladu fuuna Yuroopu. Woɗon ɓe e ti do o mayo Adriatic be mayo fere Lonian je hautibe mayo Rum o waɗi kerol be leddi man be montenegro hedi wakkera mako woyla waladu hirna, Kosovo gada woyla waladu fuuno, woyla Macedonia gada fuuna be Girka, gada fuuna. Tirana kanjim’on gelle mangol maako be gondal kunjim’on gelle ɓiri maunugo be Durres. Sufoore Albaniya (al. Shqipëria) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Albaniya yo Tirana (al. Tiranë). Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 28.748 km2, jama'a hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 2,893,005. Joogarafii Albaniya wodi yajigo leydi kilomitaa 28, 748 (1,110,059sq mi) bo woɗon do fuuna mayo Balkan ha fombina waladu fuuna Yuroopu. Hondiko mayo man hushiti mayo ma adriatic gada wakkere woyla waladu hirna be mayo je Lonian gada wakkere fombina waladu hirna ɓe ɗon hautibe mayo Bahar Rum. Albaniya ɗon hakkundee latituud 42 be 39N, bee longituud 21 be 19E. Ɗuɗugo yimɓe Banano jaburu man ɓe ɗon linyaje INSTANT ɓe bangini juɗugo yimɓe Albaniya der hitadee 2020 be biyugo ɗuɗugo maɓɓe 2,845,955 geɓe maɓɓe 53.4% je ummatore leydi man ɓe jodi ha gyarle. Mauɓe be fetel hukumaji tati je ɓuri jamaje der leddi man kanɓe’on hosi reta yimɓe der man. Geɓe caffan e tati ɗuɗugo ummatore leydi man be don jodi wuro Tirana sai wuro Fier mo geɓe saffoi go’o kadibo wuro Durres geɓe saffo yimɓe dou miliyan ɗon Lorna fofa Tirana be Durres gam non man waɗi wakkare man mawni ha Albaniya. Tirana ɗon gotel hader gerle mawɗe nukkure Balkan be o yotti je ɗiɗi hayesu ɗuɗugo yimɓe ɗen bo ɗuɗugo yimɓe je 400,000 gelle ɗiɗaɓo jeɓuri kanka’on ha leydi man dou ɗuɗugo yimɓe kanka’on Durres ɓe ɗuɗugo yimɓe 113,000 sai Vlore be ɗuɗugo yimɓe 105,513. Gure takkandir ɗe leysdi Albaniya je ɓuri mawnugo hayesu yimɓe bannuɓe foodi ha hitadee 2011. Galluure Tirana (Tiranë) 418.495 (2011) Durrës 113.249 Shkodër 86.677 Suura Leydi Yuroopu Albaniya Armaaniya e lamgu Jamhuriwal Armaaniya un lesdi e hirna lardu Yuroopu e Aasiya e ɗi waaɗi keerol e Turkie gaɗa hirna Georgia gaɗa woyla ɗenbo e lachin corridor (les mobgal balloɓe jonɗe jam ɓe Russian) hauti e Azarɓe jan gaɗa fuuna hai Iran e Azarbaijan e gongal geɓal Nakhchiiran gaɗa fombina. Yerevan kanje ke gelle mauɗe ɗe lesdi ɗin ɗembo gelle ɓurɗe ɗuuɗirka yimɓe. Armaaniya un lesdi ɗi ɗun nyiiɓi eɗau tsariwal laamu gootal eɗi wooɗo jamiyaaji ɗuɗɗi. Eɗun bo ɗen yahira laamu democracio eɗer maari eɗi wooɗi neesuji ɗuɗɗii nefɗi (neeɓuuɗi) finaatawaji. Ɗun tiggi lesdi Armaaniya artuɗun urartu e ɗungu gu 860BC ɗembo e ƙarnu ɗun 6BC ɗi soiitake inare e sattrapy ɗun Armaaniya laamorɗe Armaaniya ɗun waati semɓe e les Tigranes the great e ƙarnu ɗun1BC e ɗembo e ɗungu gu 301 ɗi latti lesdi eta artuɗi e duniyaaru egu hocci diina kiristaaku e jonɗe diina maari ɗun hukuma artuɗun ƙarnu ɗun 5. Faslu Leydi Armaaniya eɗi e geɓal ngal jajirka kilomita 29,743 (sq mil 11,484). Lesdi ɗin ɗuɗka mari eɗi wodi nyoole hautie daalli (juggi) e laddeji seɗɗa. Leydi ɗi yeegi yaariigo mita 4,090 (kosɗe 13,419) ɗau e jonɗe beeli e Mount Arogats ɗembo waala inare gooɗuɗe e les geɓal leydi e mitawal 390 (1,280ft) ɗau e matakiwal weeɗu dammudun mangu geɓal leydi kanjun wooni sappojun ɓurɗun maugu e duniyaru ɗenbo eɗun woodi geɓal ngal nyooldeji e ƙalla hasirje 859% ɓurɗun e Switzerland ko Nepal. Mount Ararate lattiɗun e ɗistinorɗe ɗun lattake eɗer geɓal leydi Armaaniya kaire wooni nyolde ɓurɗe maugu e geɓal ngal goɗuuɗun nyolde yuutirɗe mita 5,137 (kosgal 16,854) E jooni ɗembo eɗun nɗer geɓal Turkie amma ɗembo ma e jairi ɗun wooni eɗun ɗaaraaɗun semɓe gaɗa Armaaniya. Armaaniyanko’en eɓe koshaaɗun e jonɗe alamawal lesdi maɓɓe dalila ɗemle gaɗa ɗun ɓe ngaadi hotorwal nyolɗe eɗer alamawal lesdi Armaaniya haa waɗɗi hanɗe. Laamu e Siyasaje Armaaniya un jamhuriwal ɗun democracio ɗun majalisu. Kunɗiwal siryago laamu Armaaniya ɗun lattake siryago yahirki e laaamu arɗaaki jamhuriwal ɗau yeeso haa yaari leuru Afrilu 2018. E no kunɗiwal siryago laamu Armaaniya ɗun njani arduujo leydi kanko wooni e joogiɗo e mauɗe kuuɗe ɗun wakiltiɗun, ɗenbo e Firam Ministerjo kanko wonii mauɗo gomnaati ɗembo hanko yahinirta e harkaji zartirteɗi. Arɗugal shemmingal egal jungo Azgayin Zhoghov koboo majalisu dokaji ɗi lesdi lattiɗun hanjun wooni ɗun waala tokkaɓe ɗuɗɗe. Larduuji Ɗun henɗi Armaaniya ko yaari larduji sappo ƙanji ngoni: † 2011 censusSources: Area and population of provinces. Ɗuɗuugo Yimɓe Yimɓe: Armaaniya 1950-2010 Galluure Yerevan 1,066,300 (2013) Gyumri 121,300 Vanadzor 85,700 Footo Faɗɗitaa Leydi Yuroopu Aasiya Armaaniya Romaniya (ro. România) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Rome (Italiya e iinirde: Roma (ro:ma) wolwirore henɗu conlinsten) un gelle mauɗe ɗe Italiya. Ha eno jonii un mauɗe gelle geɓol Lazio ɗen shaka gelle mauɗe ɗen ɗe Rome ɗenbo e gonɗun kautuɗun ɗunfere ɗin inɗe comuni ɗi Roma capitale. Hauti e joɗiɓe 2,86,009 eɗer 1,285km2 (496.159mi). Rome hanje ke ɓurɗe yimɓe e leydi ɗin ɗen gelle ɗer ɗe tati ɓurɗe ɗuɗirka yimɓe eɗer joɗarde hautirɗe Turai ɗe ɗuɗirka yimɓe hakkuɗe keri gelle. Gelle mauɗe ɗe Rome ɗe ɗuɗgo jodiɓe 4,355,725 kanje goni gelle ɓurde ɗuɗirka yimɓe e Italiya. Geɓol mangol maji hanje ki tataure e ɗuɗirka yimɓe eɗer Italiya. Roma eɗi shaka shaka tahima laddude Italiya eɗer Lazio (Latium) hade e fuuna Tiber. Gelle vatican (leydi ɓurdi famɗugo a duniyaaru) un leydi yamari fere hare mun e ɗer kerii gelle Rom. Ba dai anɗirgo leydi e der gelle ɗen. E ɗun notta Rom e koɗuɗi e dau gelle haire jewe ɗiɗi sabo e ko noni inare mare e denbo jonde gelle ɗen Tabbutuɗi. Rom ɗi fumari e ɗu hoshaɗi e dau wudu dinna Kirista’en e wtugo go leydi Yuroopu ɗenbo wudu cocin kaatolika. Innde artude E ta e talol gol tigugo Romanko’en innde Roma ɗe wurtoike e gada gonɗe ɗe Tiggi gelle ɗenbo lamiɗo artuɗo Romalus. Fu e non e ɗun wadi e jairi innde Romalus he ɓogi asli gada Roma inɗe mare. Tun e ƙarnu artuɗun ɗun 4 ɗun heɓigoɗɗe ɓerde e ɗeɗun anɗini e dau fuddirde innde Roma ɗun fari yeso e yumtuki e ɗuɗɗun ko foɗi hakkilo dau Tuggere mari ɗe fu e non ɗe Tabbitayi. Gada Romo ko Rumen innde Archaic ɗe Tiber latiɗe Toki e toki e ɗe wodi e bandiraka e noditirde Helenancire _[rheo] to flow stream e noddirde fi’ilu ruo gam yaudu Rushi. Gada wolwirde Etruscan PYA (ruma) woduɗe tuggere mun haire woni rum “teat” hauti e yawugo bolle bodendun kerkeci e dokku do e sutade Romulus e Remus ko no e nandi ɗen palatine e Aventine (joldee) hills. Gada Bial Helenancire _ (rhome) latiɗe kollinore semɓe. Leydi Yuroopu Hispaanya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 505.990 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 46.468.102. Leydi Yuroopu Hispaanya Ukrayiina (Україна) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Portokeesi ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Korowaasiya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 56.594 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 4.190.700. Laamorde nden ko Zagreb. Leydi Yuroopu Watikan ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Beljik ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Beljik yo Brussels. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 30.528 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 11.250.585. Leydi Yuroopu Beljik Luksammbuur ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 2.586 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 590.667. Leydi Yuroopu Suwed ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Suwis ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Norwees ko leydi e Yuroopu.Un leydi eta faaroo woila yuroopu gebbal mangal leydi lattigal gal gebbe tta hirnah e woila burgal mangu gal [Scandinavian peninsula]. Foodirde de nabben woddude ko footide de Arctic e lungurde svalbard Hambema be lattake godde gebbe de Norway. Ha waddi hande ebe manntooro gebbeji arctarctic de lungard peter I e lamdo debbo maud land gelle Maude denbo burde mangu kanje gooni Oslo. Norway edi woodii maunirka njairi di njajirka mangu kilomiteer 385,207(148,729 square Mills)[12]den edi woodii duudirka yimbe 5,425270 eder leuru janairu 2022[44]leydi edi woodii kherol fuunaa foodigo e Sweden ta jutirka kilomiteer 1,619(1.006mil)edi waadii kherol e Finland e Rasha yaahri nwoilaah faaroo fuunaa e nastirde skayerrak ta fombiina,e wuttudu wooru (go,o)wondube Denmark e ingila maa.Norway edi woodii juggol mangol e honduko maari,edi daara juggol Atlanta eta woila e juggol Foodigo ndiyam nyamii ko noonii Norway hauti e nnonirgo nguldum ndun sada e honduko dallol, eder nnonirgo burgo feuwuuki den burdun sauki ko buuri e luttude inajee ndun duniyaru edau baano ndunndum lattidun ndun nwoilaah ko e nno ta njemma dun polar eta woila nnonirgo nguldum koe ndaskarigo lattake ndiyam njemma e honduko dallol.Nnonirho ndallol ego waddu hebgo ndiyam dau e maalomalloje eta godde gebbe leydi ndin. Haraln v e wuuroo Glucks Burg Kanko woonii Ardiido Norway mo njonni Jonas Ghar store lattake firayim ministajo Ngada e 2021Hanko nwonni laati ndonudo Inaare Erna Solbarg.e njonde maari gashi horemun.Hauti e siryago lamu Norwee ndi hendi Ardugal Diiwe hakkude njodorde majalusu ministaen e khotuuji Maudi kammano ndun siryago lamu ngo 1814 Nno siryi ndun tiggi laamorde eder 872edau hautuki nlamorde phamare e dudde den ndun woodii ko njonde ha njajirka ndubi 1,150 gada 1537 yaahri 1905 edi nder kautal hore hauti e lamorde Sweden.Norwee lattake Shaka- Shaka e wakkatire konuu nduniyaru aartuudu nden ndi lattake nnihi ha yahra leuru Afirilu 1940 wakkatire nde [Leydi]Jamus hoowii leydi ndin yaahri gadda koonu Nduniyaru ndiidaabuun. Fuu e nyiiki Nnon nduudirka ummatore unn nbe lasgol Norwee gol eder kaarnu ndun 21 naatuuki e wuurtaaki yaahri ko buuri e gebbal lumo duudugo nyimbe eder 2021 kauteeji njoyii burdi maugu eder leydi hambe ke yalji Poland,luthinia, Somalia, Pakistan e hoondukoo ngo Sweden [7]. Références Leydi Yuroopu Irlannda ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Irlannda yo Dublin. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 70.273 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 4.761.865. Leydi Yuroopu Suloweniya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Sulowakiya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Sulowakiya yo Bratislava. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 49.034 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 5.435.343. Leydi Yuroopu Sulowakiya Serbiya (Србија) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Arewa Masedoniya ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 25.713 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 2.069.162. Galluure Skopje 687,086 (2015) Leydi Yuroopu Somaaliya ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Eritereya ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 117. 600 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 3.311.444. Leydi Afirik Namibiya ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 825. 615 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 2.540.916. Leydi Afirik | Aljeri ko leydi e Afirik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Aljeri yo Alger. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 2,381,741km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 40,969,443. Maandingol Aljeriya di go’o e ɗer lesɗe Afirik woylaje ed wodi wurgo mawgota woylamari edi wadi bo kerol e lesɗe jewe go’o hanje banihi eta hirna Maroko (Morocco) e gasɓitago e ta hirna, ta ɗer fombina woje hirna Muritani e Maali e ta fombina woje funa Niiser eta fuuna kamma Libiya, Aljeri ɗi gori daga ɗes lesɗe Aaraaɓɓe ɗun geɓe Afirik kadibo edi ɗer go’o e ɗer lesde Afirik latiɗe arɗiɓe mobgal lesde o bek. Geɓere Lesdi Aljeriya Nassiji Leydi Afirik Aljeri Anngolaa ko leydi e Afirik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Anngolaa yo Luanda. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.246.700 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 25,789,024. Distinorde Anngola (ko kautugo Anngola) ɗi latake lesdi gondi ɗer geɓe Afirika. Anngola edi ɗuɗugo yajirka lesdi ɗi yari bano tamani kilomita goɗɗirka 1,246,700 ɗen e ɗuɗirka yimɓe koyari yimbe 25,789,024. Ko limgal maɓɓe holli dungu 2014 Anmgola eɗi kerol e kautugal kwango (Congo), kautugal dimokuradiyar Kongo, Namibia, gelle mauɗe e Angola hanje goni luanda Arɗiɗo lesdi Angola Joao Manuel Goncal ves laurenco ballowo mauɗo lesdi Anngola Bornito de sousa moweita ɗin heltugo horemari e dungu gu 1975 e jungo Portugal. Keɓe Leddi Anngola Suura Faɗɗitaa Leydi Afirik Anngolaa Mozammbik ko leydi e Afirik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Mozammbik yo Maputo. Leydi Afirik Gine Ekwatoriyal ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Gine Ekwatoriyal Kapu Werde ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Kapu Werde Ndiyam (e ganndal kimiiyu H2O) Ko memtinaari (maceer) Sariindi e dow leydi haa e boowal Leydi, teeŋti noon e nder ko Wuuri, Sabu alaa ko Wuurata nguurndam ɗam ngannduɗen ɗam tawa ndiyam heƴaani heen. Neɗɗo tan ina waɗi ndiyam ko ina abboo e 65% e teddeendi mum, ndiyam ina mooɓi ko ina abboo e 72% e wertaango leydi, 97% e majjam ko kaaɗɗam, ko heddi koo woni mbelɗam hono caaɗli (canɗi), beeli e ilameeje e maaje. No ndiyam woodiri e leydi ? Ko heewi na haalee heen, ko ɓuri jaalaade ko ndiyam ummii ko e weeyo, haayre ndiyam moolanaande yani e leydi, ilni ndi haa ndi hawri, oon saha tawi ko e ndi wuli sanne, ɗam ƴeri faade dow, toɓooji nduumii ko juuti haa ɗam waawi deeƴude e dow leydi, tawi laral leydi dow ngal ɓuuɓi waawi huufude ndiyam e mbaadiiji kala e ballal kammu. Ndiyam ko soppoo-joloo waɗata hakkunde leydi e kammu, so naange wulii, hello ndiyam maaje dow ngo suurka yanta e waaƴo puɗi, cuurki kii ƴeɓa (roondoo dow), nde wonnoo dow na ɓuuɓi, cuurki kii rennda fenndo, wonta duule, tedda, toɓa, saakitoo e dow leydi, kadi refta ɗo rewnoo wonta duule. Ndiyam na tawee e mbaadiiji 3, ɓooɗde(haayre), ndeelam e henndu (cuurki), ɗam fuɗɗotoo fenndaade ko 0°C, ɗam wonta haayre so nguleeki jokkii ustaade, ɗam wontata henndu (cuurki) ko 100°c, hakkunde 0°C e 100°C ɗam tawetee e mbaadi ndeelam, ngoo waylo-waylo noon fawi ko e ɓittigol kammu (pression atmosphérique) Ndiyam ko geɗe ɗiɗe ndenndi laati ɗam, mittere Oksijen (oksaari), e mitte ɗiɗi Hidrojen (hidraari), Seerndude mitte ɗee saɗtaani, so kuɓɓam (électricité) rewnaama heen tan ɗe ceertat, Oksjen yaltira bannge (+), Hidrojen bannge (-), Ndiyam na e boowal Leydi (weeyo), dow tagopeeje, e kaaƴe kayhaytooje e ndeer weeyo, ɗuum addani neɗɗo fooɗanaade weeyo ngam hoɗoyde e dow tagopeeje ko arata. Nassiji Kimiiyu Benen ko leydi e Afirik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Benen yo Porto Novo. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 114.763 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 10,872,298. Sufoore Benen ɗun lesdi famardi e der cirol lesɗe geɓe Afirik gonde hirna. Yimɓe lesdi ɗin e ɓe bolwira wolde Faransakore e jangirki ɗemgal maɓɓe ɓen wada yadu noɓe kutirta e galu laamu maɓɓe. Benin hawti kerol e lesɗe ha nayi hanje goni Naajeeriya ta funa mari ta hirna bo Togo ta woylamabo kawtal Niiser e ta wuttudu woylaru ko yaari hirna bo ɗi henɗi kerol e Burkina Faso. Jengal Faransi hangal woni wolde lesdi Benen. Lesdi ɗin eɗi woɗi ɗuɗirka yimɓe tamami 4, 418,000 e dungu 1988. Gelle mauɗe mari kanje goni Kootono mangu majun yari jajirka kiloomitaa 114,763. Benen un lesɗi goduɗi e diskuɗi lesdi e demal kadima e ta teure hottollo ɗen e nebban boɗejam ɗan lio (palm oil) e ta ɗer marilawo gol lesdi ɗin ɗarori e hora mari e dardi a tal mangal hebgo nattugo hanjunke demal geɓe lesdi Benin. Keɓe Lesdi Benen Natal Nassiji Leydi Afirik Niiser ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leyɗi ndin ko 1.270.000 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 22.442.831. Hiimoɓe Leydi Afirik Togo ko kawtugo Togo (e wolde Faransako’en Republique Togoloise), lesdi e der lesde de lardi Afirika hairi di hebi ardugal mari e dungu 1960 faro Faransa. Togo eɗi wodi (mari) Jairi ɗunɗi bano kilomita 56,785km e ɗuɗugo yimɓe yaruɓe 7,552,318 e faro lingal 2015. Togo ɗi wadi kerole lesde Liberiya, Gini, Mali, Burkina Faso e ɗen Ghana fu galle mauɗe e to hanje goni lome. Togo ko leydi e Afirik. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 56.785 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 7.154.237. Laamorde nden ko Lome. Keɓe Lesdi Anngola Natal Leydi Afirik Hiimobe Ba Đồn laamorde leydi Wiyetnam. Wiyetnam Medford ko galluure nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Nelson Rolihlahla Manndelaa lollirɗo Madibaa mo winndere ndee kala woyata hannde oo, pollunooɗo laamuyel paltoor to Afrik worgo, welditini ɓesngu mum, jibinaa ko ñalnde 18 sulyee 1918; o faatii ko ñalnde 5 desaambar 2013 to Johanesburg, woni o wuurii duuɓi 95 (heen 27 e lebbi 6 e balɗe 6 ko e kasoo.) O ɓuri lollirde ko darnde makko ngam rimɗinde e haɓaade senndindiral leƴƴi to Afrik Worgo hono ko anndiraa apartaayd woni njuɓɓudi politik tuugiindi e ceerndugol eddaaji leƴƴi. Nelson Manndelaa naati e parti biyeteeɗo African National Congress (ko anndiraa ANC) ko e hitaande 1944. Naatni mo heen ko yiɗde haɓaade njiimaandi e senndindiral leƴƴi anndiraangal innde apartayd ngal raneeɓe tabitintunoo toon e leydi hee. Caggal nde o janngi haa o woni awokaa, o tawti hare yamyamre luundiinde doosɗe apartaayd lelnunoo tuggude hitaande 1948. E hitaande 1951 ko Olivier Tambo e Nelson Manndelaa ngoni ɓaleeɓe idiiɓe wonde awokaaji e Johanesburg. E hitaande 1952 Manndelaa noddi ‘’defiance campaign’’, woni ‘’kampaañ salaare’’ laabi sariya senndindiral leƴƴi, keɓɗo kaaɗtudi ñalnde 6 abriil 1952, ñalngu ngu raneeɓe Afrik worgo cosnoo wuro Cap ngoo ; ko ina tolnoo e ujunnaaje jeetati ceppoowo nanngaa (ina heen Manndelaa ). Laamu nguu wayli sariya jowitiiɗo e kisal yimɓe (public safety act mo 1953) ngam yamirde jowgol wellitaare heeriinde e ardoraade leydi ndii jamirooje, Manndelaa fawaa kuugal jowal (sursis) lebbi jeenay kasoo, haɗaa tawtoreede batuuji e yaltude galle mum to Johanesurg. Nii woni o yaaɓani yuɓɓinde goomuuji ANC e suuɗaare. Ooɗoo kampaañ addani ANC faggaade terɗe kese, ɓaleeɓe e Iñnjee'en e raneeɓe, nde tawnoo dillere ndee tuugaaki e leñamleñamaagal. Ko e ngaal ɗoo daawal Albert Lutuli ardinaa ANC, mooɓondiral jooɗii ngam lelnude dabi dillere luundiinde apartaayd. Oon sahaa Manndelaa e Olivier Tambo ina ngardii kabine awokaaji Manndelaa & Tambo ngam heedande ɓaleeɓe ɓe mbaawaa yoɓde fereeji awokaaji. Ɓe ndaranii kadi renndinde doole maɓɓe e ɗe parti kominist leydi ndii. Oon sahaa noon ko sariya biyeteeɗo «Suppression communist act » ko nii siforii kominist : “kala jiyliiɗo waɗde mbayliigu politik walla faggudu, walla renndo rewrude e peeje ɗe ndewaani laawol”. Ndaa laawol toon e oon sahaa ko laawol senndindiral leƴƴi e kiiɗal ɓaleeɓe. Kamɓe fof haɓtoraade ndeen fenaande peeje jamyame, haɗaani Manndelaa e capanɗe njoyo e jeegomo woɗɓe nanngeede ñalnde 5 desaambar 1956 e takkeede jamfa. Caggal ñaawoore juutnde (1957-1961), ɓe ngoppitaa, caggal ɗuum ɓe laɓɓinaa. Tuggi 1952 haa 1959, ANC, e gardagol Albert Lutuli e Olivier Tambo e Walter Sisulu, ngam arditaade dille leñameeje ɓaleeɓe, tiiɗtinii jokkondiral mum e pellon politik raneeɓe, e leƴƴi goɗɗi ko nanndi e iñnjee'en. Yoga e ɓeen leñameeɓe njalti ANC e hitaande 1959 ngam sosde fedde wiyeteende Congrès panafricain (PAC) e gardagol e Robert Sobukwe. Ko ndeen Fedde PAC noddunoo diinno ngam salaade jaajtingol kuule « paaspoor nder leydi » e rewɓe. Poliseeji pelli ɓe, mbari 79 neɗɗo, ngaañi ko ina ɓura 140 neɗɗo. Woni ko anndiraa warngo Shaperville. Ɗum waɗnoo ko ñalnde 21 marse 1960. Ko ndeen laamu apartaayd felliti haɗde ANC e PAC. Caggal nde hare yamyamre ndee ronki jibinde huunde memotoonde, Manndelaa sosani fedde ndee konu (catal koninkeewal) hono Umkhonto we Sizwe (Labbo Ngenndi) e hitaande 1961. Ndeen fedde waɗii golle sabotaas mahaaɗe buur walla koninkooje, bonni ɗum en. Manndelaa jagga ñalnde 5 ut 1962. Jaggi mo ko polis leydi ndii, e dow jamminoore CIA. O ñaawaa kasoo gonduɗo e golle mbaawnoor kaaɗdi nguurndam, ñaawoore yannde ñalnde 12 suwee 1964. Ndeen ñaawoore anndiraa ko ñaawoore Rivonia. Ko ndeen Manndelaa wiynoo : « Mbaɗ-mi nguurndam am fof ko e haɓanaade ɓesngu Afrik. Mi haɓii e njiimaandi raneeɓe, mi haɓii e njiimaandi ɓaleeɓe. Yiɗde am ɓurnde tiiɗde ko renndo rimɗungo, demokaraasiiwo ɗo yimɓe nguurdi e mbelemma tawa ina poti fartaŋŋeeji. Miɗo ɗaminii wuurde ko juuti ngam yottaade ɗoon. Kono, miɗo heɓanii waasde nguurndam am ngam yottaade ndeen yiɗde so ina jojji. » Ko tuugi ndeen o fuɗɗii lollude, hare maɓɓe fuɗɗii anndeede e winndere ndee kala, yimɓe e leyɗe mbaɗti wallitde ɓe. Ñaawoore Rivonia waɗi ko hakkunde oktoobar 1963 e suwee 1964. Ko hoohooɓe ANC 10 ñaawetenoo ɗoon : Nelson Manndelaa, Walter Sisulu, Ahmed Kathrada, Govan Mbeki, Dennis Goldberg, Raymon Mhlaba, Lionel Bernstein, James Kantor, Elias Motsoaledi e Andrew Mlangeni. Ina jeyaa e ko ɓe njooɓtoranoo kadi jaɓɓugol sariya kaɗɗo marucaagu. Caggal kasoo muusɗo, juutɗo, sibu ko duuɓi 27 e lebbi 6 e balɗe jeegom haa njahdi e naange. O woppitaa, no nganndir-ɗen ko ñalnde 11 feebariyee 1990. Manndelaa sokanoo ko e duunde ina wiyee Robben Island. Tonngoode makko kasoo ko 46664. O waɗii toon duuɓi 18, omo gollinee e kariyeer lasoo, aɓe kela kaaƴe… Heewɓe e maɓɓe ñawii toon sabu punndi e naange. Nguurndam toon ina muusnoo sanne. Hay e nder kasoo hee, raneeɓe ko bannge, ɓaleeɓe ko bannge mum en mbaɗaa. Sokaaɓe ngam miijooji mum'en, hono Manndelaa'en, ko seerndaaɓe e sokaaɓe ngam warhoore. Kasoo Robben Island waɗiraa kadi ko helde gerñe dummbaaɓe toon ɓee. Kono, ɗum ɓeydi ko tiiɗtinde fiɓnde Manndelaa. E wiyde Ahmed Kathrada mo o sokdanoo toon, Manndelaa, ko woni toon koo fof, meeɗaa jaɓde ɓurnaneede : wonaa to bannge golle, wonaa to bannge comci, tee, kala ko heddiiɓe ɓee ummanii, ko e mum'en o wondi, ko wayi no geddude (riiwtude) ñaamde. O meeɗaa jaɓde ɗooftaade yiɗde gardeeɓe wonduɓe e maɓɓe ɓee noddireede “baas”, woni “patroŋ”. Yoga e jagge ANC ɓurɓe mawnude, jaɓataano haaldude walla nii ƴeewde reenooɓe ɗum'en ɓee, kono Manndelaa kañum ƴeewatno ɓe, ina sunnoo jikkuuji maɓɓe. Ko ɗum addani mo faamde Afrikaaneer'en ɓee ina ngondi e kulol ɓaleeɓe ɓee salaade renndeede laamu so ngu artii e juuɗe mum'en, mbiya ina njoftoo e maɓɓe kamɓe e ɓesnguuji maɓɓe. Ko e kasoo o janngi ɗemngal Afrikaan, ngam ɓeydaade waawde faamde hakilantaagal maɓɓe e waawde haaldude e maɓɓe. To oon bannge omo luurdi e ANC jaggirɗo Afrikaneer'en no koloñaal'en nii. E miijo makko ɓeen ko afriknaaɓe no heddiiɓe ɓee fof nii ; ɗee jiile ina njeyaa e ko addani mo jogaade hakkille maslahaa, naftuɗo no feewi e kaaldigal dewngal heen ngal. Ko Alla e hare maɓɓe e tiiɗgol fiɓnde maɓɓe, yantude e ballal winndere ndee, addani ɓe dañde poolgu. Eɗen mbaawi siftinde joljole maantinɗe e nder ɗuum : Ñalnde 6 desaambar 1971 batu kuftodinngu Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe yaltini hawraande jaggitoore Apartaayd no war-hoore neɗɗaagu. E darorɗe 1976 laamu nguu wiyi ina woppita mo e sarɗi omo hoɗoya Transkei. O salii. 16 suwee 1976 sukaaɓe Sowetoo pinni ngam salaade waawneede janngude ɗemngal Afrikaneer en, konu apartaayd soori e maɓɓe kure, sukaaɓe heewɓe colɓitii ñalnde heen. Steve Biko mawɗo fedde « conscience noire » sankii e septaambar 1977 Alla e piggal polis. E oktoobar ndeen hitaande Goomu Kisal Fedde Ngenndiije ƴetti hawraande 417 « seyfitoore laamu añamngureewu Afrik worgo », ɗaɓɓi kadi goppitgol denndaangal « yimɓe sokraaɓe sabu laabi fenaande kisal Dowla », hollitoore « luundagol mum apartaayd ». Hawraande 418 ƴettaande e lewru noowammbar haɗi njeeygu kaɓirɗe feewde Afrik worgo (ammbargo). Nelson Manndelaa e huunde e yahdiiɓe njoñaa, hay gooto yottotaako ɗum'en, wonaa hay jaaynde, kala kaalɗo ko faati e maɓɓe, haɗee yaltude. Gila o naati kasoo, ko e 1979 (duuɓi 15 caggal nde o nanngaa) yitere fawtii e jom-suudu makko, hono Winnii naatnooɗo kasoo kam ne. E lewru marse 1982 Manndelaa faatinaa kasoo gooɗo (Pollsmoor), saraaji wuro CAP. Ina wiyee ko ngam woɗɗitinde mo sukaaɓe hesɓe soketeeɓe toon ɓee, sibu tawi kasoo waɗtii noddireede « iniwersitee Manndelaa » . Kono ardiiɓe laamu apartaayd e oon sahaa mbiyi, waɗi mo ɓallitineede ɗoon ko mbele ina newna jokkondiral cuuɗingal (kaaldigal) e makko. Ko waawnoo heen wonde fof, e lewru feebariyee 1985, Pieter Willem Botha, felliti yaltinde Manndelaa wondude e sarɗi ANC ina woppa hare njogitaari. Kono ndeen, ministeruuji makko ɗii fof calinooma ɗuum. Kono ɓe mbonnii Pulaar maɓɓe, sibu Manndelaa wiyi yiɗaa. E ɓataake mo o rewni e juuɗe ɓiyiiko debbo biyeteeɗo Zindzi o wiyi heen “Hol ko firti ndee wellitaare ndokketee-mi so tawii fedde ɓesngu ina lutti haɗeede”. Ko e ndeen hitaande Botha firti sariyaaji jowitiiɗi e leseepaasee kam e kaɗgol dewle hakkunde ɓe njiidaa leƴƴi. Kono Manndelaa ina yawnoo ɗuum, o jokki, kanko e ANC (gonnooɗo e suuɗaare), ɗaɓɓude “neɗɗo gooto daande wootere” (un homme, une voix). Jokkondiral gadanal hakkunde Nelson Manndelaa e guwarnama apartaayd waɗi ko e lewru noowammbar 1985. E duuɓi nay dewɗi heen ɗii kadi jokkondire goɗɗe mbaɗii hakkunde maɓɓe, jogorɗe wonde ndaɗɗudi jeewte paaɗe, kono ronkaa yo geɗe ɗee ɓos. E hitaande 1986 Manndelaa egginaa oon kasoo, sokaa e galle (wilaa) e nokku gonɗo 60 kiloomeeteer saraaji CAP. Ko Manndelaa sokaa koo fof, winndere ndee ina ɓeydoo daranaade goppitgol makko kam e ittugol apartaayde. Kaaɗtudi majjum ko hiirde waɗnoonde e suwee 1988 to Wembly, nde naalankooɓe heewɓe winndere ndee tawtoraa, nde fotde teemedere miliyoŋ njeeɓi e teleeji mum en, nder 67 leydi ; hiirde hollittunoonde kasoo Manndelaa e kiiɗal pawingal e ɓesngu Afrik worgo. E miijo ANC nii ko kayre yaawni goppitgol Manndelaa , sibu, ñalnde 7 desaambar 1988, o yamiraa hootde galle makko, kono tawa o yaltataa ɗum. E 1989 o winndi Pieter Botha, o wiyi ɗum : « wonaa goppitgol am ɓuri himmude », « musiiba oo ko leydi pecciindi pecce ɗiɗi gañondirɗe, barondirooje », o wiyi « njiɗ-mi ko yo pelle ɗiɗi ɓurɗe mawnude e leydi ndii kaaldu », ɗeen ngoni ANC e laamu Apartaayd. O haali toɓɓe ɓurɗe teeŋtude potɗe yeewteede ɗee : « go’o, tabintingol doosgal keewndi e nder dowla gootiɗɗo ; ɗiɗi, kulhuli raneeɓe leydi ndii mbaawi jogaade e ɗuum ». Ñalnde 5 suwee 1989 ɓe potti to galle Botha. Kono e daawal hakkunde ngal, o rafaa, de Klerk lomtii mo e ngardiigu laamu nguu. Ñalnde 15 oktoobar 1989 de Klerk yaltini hoohooɓe ANC njeeɗiɗo, waɗɓe, gooto heen fof, duuɓi 25 e kasoo. Ina e ɓeen biyeteeɗo Walteer Sisulu. E noowammbar Manndelaa wiyi “e hoohooɓe raneeɓe ɓe o meeɗnoo yeewtidde ɓee fof, ko de Klerk ɓuri hellifeede e nuunɗude”. De Klerk ne habri goppitgol Manndelaa ñalnde 2 feebariyee 1990. e konngol ƴettunoo to parlamaan. O habri keɓtingol ANC kam e pelle goɗɗe luundinooɗe Apartaayd. E konngol makko ñalnde o woppitaa ndee, o hunii gollanaade jam e deeƴre e beldital e raneeɓe leydi ndii, kono o wiyi ɓe njoɗɗinaani petelaaji. Sibu o wiyi "waɗi min ƴettude fetel e hitaande 1960, nde min cosi catal konu ANC ko yiɗde dartaade Apartaayd. Ndaa geɗe gaddannooɗe min ƴettude fetel ɗee, ina lutti woodde haa hannde. Alaa no min mbaɗata so wonaa jokkude hare. A min njaakorii noon maa weeyo henaniingo maslahaa dañe ko ɓooyaani. Oon sahaa jogaade fetel alaa ko firtata”. O wiyi kadi faandaare makko rowrowre ko ɓaleeɓe ɓurɓe heewde e leydi hee ɓee, keɓ hakke woote. Ñalnde 26 feebariyee 1990, o wiyi yimɓe makko « Mberlo-ɗee petelaaji mon, laɓe mon, jaasiiji mon e jammbe mon nder geec », ɗum ko yiɗnoode deeƴnude hakkunde ANC e Guwarnama oo, kono kadi hakkunde ANC e Linkataa mo Butelesi. Caggal ɗuum, nde jeewte mbaɗaa ngam lelnude doosɗe leydi kese, ANC joɗɗini petelaaji e hitaande 1994 caggal nde nanondiral dañaa. E daawal hakkunde ngal, e sulyee 1991, Manndelaa ardinaa ANC, lomtii Oliwiyee Tammboo gardinooɗo ɗum gila 1969. Ko e ngaal daawal o yahi Kubaa (sulyee 1991) ngam salminde Fidel Kastroo. Ko oon wiynoo “Nelson Manndelaa ko ganndaaɗo, kormaaɗo, mo miliyoŋaaji limlimtinɗi neɗɗo e winndere ndee korsini”. “so oɗon njiyloo neɗɗo nuunɗuɗo, on mbaawaa dañde ko ɓuri Manndelaa . So oɗon njiyloo neɗɗo ŋeerɗo fiɓnde, jaambaaro, teeyɗo, peertuɗo, ƴoƴɗo, kattanɗo, on ndañataa ko ɓuri Mandelaa”. “Miɗo goongɗini o jeyaa ko e maaɗe ɓurɗe haawnaade yonta men oo”. Ñalnde 17 marse 1992, De klerk heɓi hoolaare raneeɓe, ko ndeen o wiyi raneeɓe ɓee e koye mum « pellitii uddude deftere apartaayd». Jeewte ina njokki, haa nde Manndelaa e De klerk ndokkaa njeenaari Nobel e hitaande 1993, sabu winndere ndee heɓtinde ko ɓe ngollantoo yo jam dañe koo. Hay so noon sahaa e sahaa fof won geɗe telɓinooje darnde maɓɓe, ko wayi no boneeji baɗnooɗi toon e sulyee 1992 walla warngo Chris Hani, gooto e ardiiɓe parti maruceewo leydi ndii, ñalnde 13 abriil 1993. Ɗum fof e wayde noon nanondiral dañaa yo woote kuɓtodinɗe gadane njuɓɓine ñalnde 27 abriil 1994. Heddii noon waɗde feere mbele seɓɓitiiɓe banngeeji ɗiɗi ɗii fof (raneeɓe rasiste'en ɓe njiɗaa jam, e ɓaleeɓe huutorteeɓe ɓe njiɗaa jam hono Inkata mo Gatsa Butelesi). Haa teeŋti noon e Butelesi mo ɗeɓaani yortaade, sibu o jaɓi jeytoreede e woote hee tan ko tawi heddiima balɗe 7, tawi Manndelaa wiyi ina heɓii e sujjande mo, mbele jam na dañee. Nde woote mbaɗaa, Manndelaa toɗɗaa yo ardo leydi ndii (62,6%). Nii woni o sompi guwarnama gootaagu ngenndi denndinnooɗo ANC e Parti Nasiyonaal e Inkata Freedom Party. Tabo Mbekki e Frederik De klerk ngoni sukkuɓe. E nder diskuur piilngal makko Manndelaa hoolliti weltaare mum e pirtagol apartaayd e « jibenegol renndo ngo winndere ndee fof weltanii » kam e « ngenndi timtimol mbelditndi e hoore mum, mbelditndi e aduna ». O holliti heen geɗe garwaniije manndaa makko so haɓde e baasal e paltooraaji. Hankati heddii Manndelaa ina ɓooroo seeɗa seeɗa laamu sibu tuggi 1996 ko Thabo Mbekki o woppiri ngardiigu fiyakuuji leydi ndii; e hitaande 1997 o woppi ngardiigu ANC. Nde o joofni manndaa makko gadano, o woppi laamu. Ko e hitaande 1999. O ƴetti altered kono o jooɗaaki, sibu o naati ko e gollanaade renndo ngoo haa arti e haɓde e ñawu SIDA tee omo rokkaa faayiida mawɗo e fiyakuuji winndere ndee. Mbaawka haaldeede e welditeede Mandelaa, gila ina woni nder kasoo yaltaani tawi yenanaama wonde feere wootere waawnde daɗndude leydi ndii ko kaaldigal e beldital. Oon sahaa noon, ñalnde kala ko maayɓe sabu pelɓondire hakkunde laamu apartaayd e terɗe ANC. E miijo Manndelaa « ngam ñifde hare hakkunde neɗɗo e gaño mum, alaa e sago neɗɗo jaɓa haaldude e oon gaño, ɓe ngollodoo ngam waɗde jam ». E nder joɗnde teeŋtunde hakkunde ANC e senerooji konu Afrik worgo kam e sarwisaaji ñukkintooɗi, Nelson Mandelaa wiyi ɓe « So tawii ko wolde njiɗ-ɗon, mi suuɗataa on nii wonde min mbaawaa dartaade on. Min ngalanaa ɗum hattan. Kono, maa wolde ndee juut, nde metta, maayɓe keewa, tee leydi ndii ina waawi wontude mboorndi, yiƴƴa heen. Kono, woto njejjitee geɗe ɗiɗi : On mbaawaa foolde min sibu a min keewi : on mbaawaa warde min minen fof. On mbaawaa foolde min sibu aduna oo jaɓataa ɗum. Ma ɓe njantu e amen kamɓe fof, ɓe mballa min ». Ndeen o haalii ɗum, o ƴeewondiri e seneraal Constand Viljoen, gooto e maɓɓe fof faami wonde ina hatojini e goɗɗo oo. E wiyde binndoowo gooto Afrik worgonaajo biyeteeɗo Njabulo Ndebele, ko ngalɗoo gostondiral miijo woni sabaabu cosgol Goomu Goonga e Beldital. O tonngi, o wiyi « Kala ɗo maslahaa dañaa, tawata ko waɗdooɓe ɓee, gooto heen fof ina heɓii e woppude paandaale mum ɗe ngaaɓnotaako, gooto e maɓɓe fof gollanoo nanondiral naftowal ɓe kamɓe fof ». E miijo Manndelaa , ndimaagu ɓaleeɓe fotaani wontude njiyaagu hiiɗnooɓe ɓee, sibu nguun ndimaagu alaa nafoore, nde tawnoo « ndimaagu am timmaataa so tawii mi haɗii goɗɗo rimɗude. Kiiɗaaɗo e kiiɗɗo fof ngonaa rimɓe ». Alaa e sago raneeɓe ɓee njenanee kiiɗetaake so tawii ɓaleeɓe ɓee laamiima. Ko e oo sifaa tan kaaldigal ngal waawirta yuumtude. « Goonga oo, ko en cuwaa tawo rimɗude, en njettiima noon ndimaagu rimɗude, en keɓii hakke waasde hiiɗeede… Waɗi noon, « Ndimaagu wonaa tan seertude e ɓoggi, kono ko wuurde tawa ina hormii, ina tiiɗtina ndimaagu woɗɓe. » Kaaldigal wonaa tan termondirde e gaño mum, kono kadi ko waasde taƴondirde e sehilaaɓe mum ɓooyɓe ɓe winndere ndee ñiŋatnoo. Yeru, nde Bil Kilinton ari Afrik worgo e hitaande 1998, Nelson Manndelaa siftinii mo wonde Dental Amerik wallittunoo ndeen ko Apartaayd, tawi woɗɓe ina mballita hare luulndiinde apartaayd. Manndelaa wiyi « gooto e hooreeɓe leyɗe mo ngadii-mi bismaade ɗoo ko Fidel Kastoroo … mi bismii ma kadi Muammaar Kaddaafi. Waɗi mi waɗde ɗum, ko e aada amen, woppude wallitnooɓe ma e saanga nde ngon-ɗaa e caɗeele ɓurɗe mawnude e nguurndam, ko huunde soofnde ». Afirik Kiisowo buri mawndo. Jibinaa he Braunschweig he 30/4/1777, mayi he Göttingen he 23/2/1855. Janginowo he jaabi-haadtirde he Göttingen. Omo fiidino fi fecceje kiisagol fow, kono buri nafoore noo sifa mako fi hiisude laabi tagoofeje. Yimɓe Gila 2004, Winndere nden fof haalduno fotti suɓugol ñalaande noogaas (20) lewru Maarasi (Mbooy) ndun ngam mawningol Taali. E hitaande kala non tiitoonde hesere suɓete e innde ñalaande nden, wano 2014 on hikka, ko "Monstres et Dragons" woni ko suɓaa, ɓe wi'a ɗum fuuta Jaloo; “Bono e Sari”, maa "Sari e Bono", ekn. Taali ɗin Fuuta Jaloo: Taali ɗin Fuuta Jaloo hino heewi hikmaaji, hebbiniraa neediiji, hino jeyaa e majji: -Ka fuɗɗagol: ado taalol fuɗɗeede, ko maa taho nokkuure hertiinde weƴƴitee, jamaa on mooɓoo ɗon, worɓe e rewɓe, paykoy e mawɓe; ɓee fof ara jooɗanoo heɗagol oo taaloowo. Ko ɓuri kon hara leele-wal ngal hino jalbi, yaasi kin hino deƴƴi… Fow jooɗoo heɗoo, taaloowo on fuɗɗora ñeeñal e needi, o wowla o fillitoo, o wi’a: “Taali-yoo”, ɓe jaaboo: “Taalaatee”, ɗum fillitee laabi ɗiɗi: Taali-yoo, taalaatee Taali-yoo, taalaatee Ko ɗum Saydu Abaccaa firiri ka Farayse: Histoire, raconte. Si ɗum feƴƴii, taalol ngol nannganee, ko ɓuri heewude kon, ko ɗii konguɗi o fuɗɗorta: “Ko ñannde goo nun”, “ko goɗɗo goo nun”… Taala Tinndora: Taalol si welay, ko maa ngol jilla e tinndi, tinndi findinayɗi, fensitayɗi laaɓɓina piiji, ɓeydora hen pinal e faamu. Ko ɗoo mi annditata Alla hilno Moodi Aamas’Soh Gine ka taali e tinndi e haala pulaar (juma kala ka rajoo Gine). Si a feccii taalol makko ngol ɗiɗi, a taway feccere ɗiɗaɓere nden fof ko tinndi. Ko non nde no taalee hara gooto fof no heɗii, hay gooto wowlataa si wonaa tuma lamndal joli. Tuma taalol ngol timmata, tawa nokku on deeƴƴiino hok, nanaa no wi”ee: “ɓeydanee en”, hakkee ko foti. Taletaake ñalorma? Hino tawaa e ko anndaa Fuuta Jaloo, wondema taaletaake ñalorma, taali ko jemma, mo taalay ko kiikiiɗe, e ko nanndi e ɗum. Faandaare taalirgol jemma ngol, ko hikma waɗiraa, wonaa si tawii haray ɗum ko masiibo addata. Ko tawde, hari ɓaawo ɗoo nun, ko remuru ndun jamaa on wuuruno, ko no remiraa woo heege daɗirta e koɗooli ɗin. Remugol non ko ñalorma wanaa jemma, taali le yahdataa e remugol. Ko ɗum waɗi si ɓe haɗi taalirgol ñalorma, fii hilnagol remuru ndun, hara ko jemma taalirtee nde fof arti fowtii, tawa no woodi no dawiree ka ngesa bimbi. Seedee mun, Alla-hinno Moodi Aamas’Soh waɗtuno taalirde ñalorma ka rajooji gine ado o faataade, si ɗum daganooki, o waɗataano. Trojany ko galluure nder Poloonya. Poloonya Ronald Wilson Reagan (1911-2004) 40th President Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (1981-1989). Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Yimɓe Sung Jae-gi(Koreere:성재기 成在基, 1967 - 2013) ko Human right activist, liberalism philosopher Koreere. O jibinaa e hitaande 1967 e hoɗo no wi'ee Daegu. e hitaande 2008 o naati founder of Association of Korean male. Ko nyannde 26 July, o naati suicied, Maayo Han Seoul. Yimɓe Koreere Facciro Qur-aanil kariim Simoore Huudi waɗi en suɓaade ndeeɗo simoore ko sabu mayre heewde qiissaaji Annabaaɓe e leƴƴi mum, ende addi qiissaaji Annabaaɓe njeeɗiɗo AAW, Qiissa Annabi Nuuhin e yimɓe mum Qiissa Annabi Huudin e yimɓe mum Qiissa Annabi Saalihin e yimɓe mum Qiissa Annabi Ibraahiima e Malaykaaji Qiissa Annabi Luuɗin e yimɓe mum Qiissa Annabi Suaybin e yimɓe mum Qiissa Annabi Muusa e Fir-awna En puɗɗoriima innde Allah jom yurmeende huuɓtodinde, ko kanko woni jom yurmeende heeraniinde juulɓe to Laakhar; Ko Allah tan anndi ko woni muuyo makko e ɗee karfeeje "Alif Laam Miim" Allah wi'i ndee ɗo deftere "Qur-aana" ko deftere nde aayeeje mum ñeeñ-ñaa, njuɓɓaa yuɓɓo ŋarɗungo, aayeeje ɗe ceerndiraa ñaawooje e qiissaji e waajuuji, iwde to nokku ñeeññuɗo kumpitiiɗo(1) hono (Allah), Oto ndewee so wonaa Allah, miin o komi jeertinoowo wonande on ummaraade e leeɓte Allah so on keeforiɗi, komi biltiniroowo on kadi e baraaji so on ngoongɗinii(2) Imsinooɗee e joomon tuubon nduttitoɗon feewtude e Allah, so wayii noon Allah dakhmita on dakhamme moƴƴo, o waɗana on nguura mbelka e yaajeende dañal haa feewde e lajal ginnangal, so ngaal lajal arii Allah hokka kala jom ɓural e golle moƴƴe ɓural njoɓdi mum, so on ɗuurniima waɗde ko mbiimi on ko, miin mbiɗo hulani on leeɓte ñalawma mawɗo o(3) Sabu ruttorde mon koto Allah te ko Allah woni kattanɗo e dow kala huunde(4) Kono tan kamɓe heeferɓe eɓe kofa ɓerɗe maɓɓe mbele eɓe cuuɗoo Allah, Allah wi'i kono tan yoɓe nganndu saanga ndeɓe cuddatoo comci maɓɓe ndee, omo anndi ko eɓe cuuɗa eko eɓe peññina ko kanko woni ngannduɗo ko suuɗii e becce(5) Allah wi'i alaa fof daabaa goonɗo e dow leydi, woni neɗɗo mum e ko wonaa neɗɗo so wonaa tawi njeɗu mum ina waɗɗii taweede e moƴƴere Allah, te kadi Allah ina anndi ñiiɓirde daabaa o ga aduna ga, walla hay so wonaa ga aduna ga, foti koe keeci gorko daabaa o woni wallah ko bange goɗɗo fof Allah ina anndi, Kadi Allah ina anndi resrude daabaa o foti koe rannga walla e deedi jibinooji walla soe gooɓle, gootel heen kala to woni omo anndi, kala heen gootel ina e Alluwal deenangal ngal(6) (Lawhil mahfuuz) Ko Allah woni tagɗo Asamaanuuji e Leydi e nder balɗe jeegom, laatiinooma Arsi makko ina e ndiyam, hao jarriboo on holi kala emon ɓurɗo moƴƴude golle ɗoftaare, so tawii tan a wiyii ko on ummitinteeɓe caggal nde maayɗon, maa heefareeɓe ɓe mbi'i wonaani ooɗo Qur-aani so wonaa ko o mbiloowu peeñngu(7) Allah wi'i somin leelni addude e maɓɓe leeɓte haa dumunna dottaaɗo, ma nan ɓe mbiya hol ko haɗi leeɓte ɗe jippaade, Allah wi'i kono tan ñande leeɓte ɗe ngari e maɓɓe ɗe ngonaa duuñtateeɗe ga maɓɓe, ndeen maɓe nganndu jippiima e maɓɓe koɓe njalkitatnoo ko(8) Allah wi'i somin meeɗni keefeero njurum amen ko wai no ngalu e cellal ekn... iwde to amen, caggal ɗum min keɓti ɗum e makko o wonti baasɗo wallah ñawɗo, tawaamo kanko gittanaaɗo ko woodno ko, ko o ɗamtintooɗo cattuɗo jeddugol moƴƴere Allah(9) Ko hono noon kadi somin meeɗnii neɗɗo neema caggal nde lor memnoomo, kadi nanaa o wiya musibbaaji ngiwaniikam, ay no neɗɗo ko beltortooɗo bewre, basortooɗo ko rokkaa(10) Allah wi'i woni ko wayaani noon tan ko ɓeen muñnooɓe e saanga lor rafi e baasal, kadi ɓe ngolli moƴƴereeji e nder neemaaji, woodanii ɓeen ɗoon hafraneede bakkatuuji mum en, kadi ina woodaniɓe njeenaari mawndi(11) Allah wi'i Muhammadu maataw aan kaa goppoowo yoga ko ina wahya feewde ema taw a yettintaaɓe ɗum? sabu ɗum ina ɓittina beccemaa, oto ɓe mbi'ide hol ko haɗi jiɓɓinee e ma ngalu, walla malayka ara wondude e ma, kono oto ɗum won ngoƴa ma sabu aan ko a jeertinoowo tan, alaa ko waɗɗii e dow ma so wonaa yettindeɓe nelalngal, ko Allah woni kedoowo e kala huunde(12) ɗaccu nih heefereeɓe ɓe eɓe mbiya Muhammadu fefindiima Al-qur-aana, so taw ko noon wi'iɓe kamɓene yoɓe ngaddu cimooje sappo nannduɗe e Al qur-aana taw ko pepindaaɗe, wi'iɓe yoɓe noddu moɓe kattani fof gaa ga Allah, tawde kay ɓe laatiima eɓe ngooŋɗi(13) e wi'ideɓe Al qur-aana o kako fepinda, Allah wi'i so tawii ɓe noddii wollodiiɓe maɓɓe kono ɓeen notaaki, wi'iɓe yoɓe nganndu oo Al qur-aana jippiniraa koe ganndal Allah, yoɓe nganndu kadi dewateeɗo goɗɗo alaa so wonaa Allah, ko kanko woodniri tagooje ɗe fof kattanɗe makko e baawɗe makko, tawde ko noon mbele ononne kon jebbilaniiɓe jaɓdemo(14) Turkiya e lamgu hautade Turkiya(Turkiyya;Turkiye jumhuriyeti [tyrcije d3um'hu;rijeyi] nwoldobe e hellugo [icolisten] un lesdi shaldi gessa e ko aawete di dun nburi andirki e Anatolia e hirna Asia hauti e godde gebbe de Balkans e nder gebbal Balkansa e nder Balkans fombiina faaroo Hirna leyde turanko en.Edi waadi kherol e Girka e Bulgeria yahri woila faaroo Hirna;Bahar maliya yaahri nwoilaah jojiya yaahri nwoilaah faaroo fuunaa; Armenia,Azarbaijan,e Iran yaahri e fuunaa Iraki yaahri fombiina faaroo fuunaa siriya e Bahar Rum yaahri fombiina e juggol Aegean yaahri Hirna Cyprus edi homduko dallol fombiina.Turkankoen Burii mangu ummatore Lesdi dembo kurdankoen hambe buuri dudgo be seddago [4] Ankara kanje gooni Galle Maude Turkiyya dembo Istanbul kanje ke Galle burde mangu dembo wuudu du hebgo shede lumoji den. DISTINIRDE INDE TURKIYYA Inde Turankore de Turkiyya ede holla inde leydi Turkankoen,inde Turkiyya de wangi e lesde Hirna sarkitago lesdi din gada konuu Duniyaru Artudun dun fuu iti soeitaki e kiishaki Lesdi Turkiyya,den maabo berde Turkiye deeummake.Hauti e Boldal gal Alexandropol e ardigo jodorde kumtee de leydi di ganni un judde hauti e Armenia Inde T Turkiye de Nasti derejii leydi eleydi e fuddedu artude.Eder kautugal kautagal e gal dun habbiri e Afganistan,dunwadi wadugo e Boldal Devuet-i Alliyye-i Turkiye ("leydi Turkiyya di darajaji")di dun foodi e inde Hautude Ottoman [31]. Leydi Aasiya Yuroopu Danemark ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Danemark yo Copenhagen. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 42.931 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 5.748.769. Yuroopu Leydi Liechtenstein ko leydi e Yuroopu. Yuroopu Leydi Latvia ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 64.589 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 1.953.200. Laamorde nden ko Riga. Yuroopu Leydi Kibris ko leydi e Yuroopu. Yuroopu Leydi Malta ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Malta yo Valletta. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 316 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 445.426. Yuroopu Leydi Finland ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 338.424 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 5.506.312. Yuroopu Leydi San Marino ko leydi e Yuroopu. Yuroopu Leydi Biritaani-Mawndi (England) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Biritaani-Mawndi yo London. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 242.495 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 65,110,000. Yuroopu Leydi Biritaani-Mawndi Otiris ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Italiya yo Vienna (de. Wien). Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 83.879 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 8.902.600 (2020). Yuroopu Leydi Alahajji Umaru Taal (mayde:1864) maa Umar Taal maa Shayxu Tijjaani maa Alahajji Umar Fuutiyyu ko amiiru Laamateeri Lislaamuyankeeri e Cernoojo Himmuɗo e nder taariika Afirik Hiirnaange. O Laatino geɗal Saydu Taal e Sonnaajo maɓɓe Aadama Siisee (woɓɓe no wi'a Caam). O Jibinaa hitaande porto 1797 e ngoo hoɗo Alowaar, takko Podor binnde Senegaaliwol, leydi Fuuta Tooro (Senegal hannde). Ko humodunooɗo e ɓee Tooroɓɓe ulamaa’uuɓe. Dewal timmungal e yankinaare ko yumma makko anndiraa accuno e makko batte tiiɗuɗo. O maakayno: “Mi accii Fuuta duhiiɓe buy fotondirɓe e ben am kono mi accaali hen suddiiɗo hewtitotooɗo yumma am.” Ko ka maɓɓe ɗon o heɓi needi e baŋŋe diina kan, o janngi ko kelɗi e no kelɗiri. On-tuma o sawri, o yahi Muritaniiyu e Uwalataa ka jaawiyaaji nantuɗi innde e oon saa'i, ɗi qaadiriyankooɓe ɓen huɓɓunoo. Kono ko ɓuri waɗude batte e makko ko hajjoygol ngol Makka e ko o weeroyi kon ka laamateeriiji diinayankooji Tooroɓɓe e Fulɓe e nder ngal laral Sudan. No fellitaa, o yahii Bornu o yiidii ɗon e El-Kanemi, o feƴƴii Misra, o ƴoogi ganndal e baŋŋe karamokooɓe ɓen to duɗal mawngal Al Ashar, ado o hewtude Makka e Madiina , o anndindiri ɗon e lamɗo Hejas on. No tanƴinaa, o weerii duuɓi sappo e ɗiɗi e nder leydi Sokoto ndin (Nayjiiriyaa fewndo hannde). Ko ɗon o wallifii ndee deftere makko ”Suyi’af al-sayd” e baŋŋe Muhammadu Beloo yeɗuɗo mo teddungal e mbarjaari, okki mo kadi sonnaaɓe ɗiɗo ɓii moƴƴuɓe. Goɗɗo on ko geɗaljo on lamɗo. O iwi ɗon o ari Hamdallaay ka Sayku Aamadu lamɗo Maasina. O jaɓɓoraa ɗon kadi teddungal e ɓaawo fantingol. E ndee saare Segu ka Bammbarankooɓe, lamɗo sanamunkeeɓe ɓen jaɓɓor mo ngayngu. Almaami Fuuta Jaloo kañun teddinno mo fota, newnani mo sincugol jaawiya, taalibaaɓe buy iwɓe Fuuta Tooro ko ɓuri kon mbatii mo. Seeɗa–seeɗa himme immanagol fii laamu e silmingol jamaaji jilii ɓernde makko. Hitaande porto 1850, o sinci ndee saare Dinngiraawii (leydi Gine hannde). Wonani mo “fergu”. Tatawii moolanaangii darnaa ka wona ardorde immannde makko nden. Alahajji Umar no dolnornoo ngol laawol Tijjaaniyaa newinngol dewal ngal, waɗungal uddital, newnanngal taalibaaɓe e jamaa on ɓadondirgol e waliiyu mun heɓa barki makko. Ɗun woni sabu jokkere enɗan kelɗunde, hawtunde haajuuji laamu e diina, heɓude ɓural e nder leyɗe Sudan ɗen. Duhiiɓe e suddiiɓe, sukaaɓe e ñeeñuɓe weltorii neweende ko woni e ngol laawol, ɓe felliti ko ɗon ɓure e polge heɓotoo. Jihaadi ndin Alahajji Umaru naati xalwa balɗe cappanɗe nayi. Ɓaawo mun, o yanani ka aranun ɗee leyɗe sanamunkeeje e ɗe lannaa silmude. O henndii ngal laral Bammbuk heewungal kaŋŋe e Karta ka Kulubaliiɓe Masasi; o dahi Ñooro hitaande 1854. O fewti non Hirnaange ka maɓɓe Fuuta Tooro ka taalibaaɓe makko buy iwrunoo tawti mo. Koneeli makko ɗin no senndanoo waɗaa pecce tati; fecco kala no joginoo calɗi tati kañun kadi. Adadu koneeli ɗin no hewtunoo daditii-dariiɓe guluuji cappanɗe tati. No jeyaa e maɓɓe seppooɓe yooɓiiɓe pinka, e suufaaɓe waɗɗiiɓe pucci yooɓiiɓe labbooji. Kono porto Faransi’en e Qadiriyankooɓe ɓen woniraano accangol mo. Oo amiiruujo porto no wi’ee Federba nannganiino jooɗagol e leydi ndin, no himmannoo naatangol kadi leyɗe serindiiɗe ɗen Jaalibawol. Federba toɗɗaa wonugol guwerner senegaal hitaande porto 1854; o sinci Ndakaaru hitaande 1857. Taalibaaɓe Alahajji Umar ɓen alaa ngal rewraali fii henndagol ndee saare Madiina. Guuwe maɓɓe ɗen jonnaali ɓe kutu, ɓe hunndi tatawii ngii ɓay feere goo alaa. Ɓe sakkitori saakagol ɓay ndunngii, laaɗe Federba ɗen heɓi no hewtira hen, ukka taalibaaɓe ɓen conndi. O pottii ɗon, o jottoroyi Gemu takko maayo ngon ka woɗɗitii Madiina. O etii naɓidugol e Naareeɓe Muritaniiyu ɓen. Cuucal e ŋanaaku taliibaaɓe ɓen haɗaali Federba heɓude poolgal e dow huutorgol boɓi raw-raw furooji ɗin kure mawɗe. Ko sabu ɗun fow, Alahajji Umaru naɓtiri doole mun ɗen Funnaange. O ahodi e Federba o tertike Senegaal; o hewti Ñooro, laamorde Bammbarankooɓe Karta ɓen, nden o giddani leyɗe Sahel ɗen, o jogii ngal laral mawngal ngal Jaalibawol hunnditi, ley e dow muuɗun, o watti e nder hen e nder laamateeri makko Ñaamina, Sansanding, o sakkitori Segu, caggal nde o heli koneeli Bammbarankooɓe ɗin, o toɗɗii ɗon ɓiɗɗo makko on, Ahmadu laamɗo. Ɓaawo o foolii laamateeriiji sanamunkeeji ɗin, o yaaɓani almamaakuuji juulɓe takkiiɗi Jaalibawol (Maayo Niiser) ɗin, wano Maasina. Ɓaawo non hujja alaa mo o tuugotoo e mum fii naɓugol konu e leydi juulɓe wano makko, o lamitori non ko lamɗo Maasina wallitanooki mo fewndo Madiina huuɓaa e ko on wernunoo kon lamɗo Segu, on sanamunkeejo, o maɓi Maasina, o lanci pecer saare laamorde nden Hamdallaahi, guluuji guluuji (ujunaaji) yimɓe sahinɗinaa e nden hare (12 maarasi 1862). Ɓaawo ɗum, o wugganii Tummbuktu, fahin e nden hitaande porto 1862 kono ngun konu ɗon boniri mo sabu mottondiral Tuwareg'en e Safalɓe e Fulɓe dartino mo riiwti konu makko ngun. Timmoode makko Laamateeriwal ngal junndi mun yoni kiloomeeterji wuluure gila Funnaange naɓi Hirnaange, e hoore tuɗɗe mun catorɗe ɗen ko wa nii Dinngiraawii, Ñooro, Segu e Bannjagara, welaa tabintinde tentinii lurre tiiɗuɗe no funtinoo hen, tawti ɗun hubbuki ki alaa kattudi taalibaaɓe tooroɓɓe ɓen no addaynoo jiiɓoldu mettina ɓerɗe yimɓe leyɗe ɗen. Ɓen duumii e waɗugol gubali haɓa koneeli Alahajji Umar ɗin, e hoore Bammbarankooɓe sanamunkeeɓe haɓɓuɓe hettay leydi baaba mun no renndina giiteeli wallitoo gubalinkeeɓe ɓen. Fahin Fulɓe Maasina ɓen jaɓaali yankinanaade laamu Tooroɓɓe ngun, hiɓe faalaa yoɓtaade. Ko ɗum addi Baa Lobbo, denɗiraawo laamɗo maɓɓe Ahmadu mo Tooroɓɓe ɓen waruno e immingol murtaldu Hamdallaahi haa waawi riiwude suufaaɓe Alahajji Umar ɓen. Alahajji Umar etii ɗanningol giteeli huɓɓuɗi e nokkeeli buy e leyɗe makko ɗen kono ronki, tawi kadi nayeewu jilike mo. Ñannde goo himo wanngora mbaɗɗateeri, o fotti e maayde nden, no tuumaa ko e hitaande porto 1864; no gasa hara o luttu e nder fammeere e ɗee pete Bannjagara. No woodi kadi taariikayankeeɓe wi'uɓe wondema ko e nder huɓɓugol conndi finkaari mooɓitaandi Alahajji Umar Taal hawri e caate. Maayde Alahajji Umar nden, e tigi-tigi on, haa hannde ko jiɓi-liɓi. Battane laamateeriwal Alahajji Umar ngal Ahmadu mo Alahajji Umaru heɓaali kutu jokkitagol ko ben mun eɓɓunoo kon, tentinii porto Faransi’en hewtiino ka keeri haa naatii Segu e hitaande 1890. Alaano no Alahajji Umar huɓindora tabintina laamateeriwal mawnirngal non, tawi e hoore ɗun o heɓanaali ɗun saa’iiji yonuɗi. Pellet eɓɓoore makko nden no himmunoo sincugol laamu diinayankoowu ngu doole waawaynoongu sakkagol porto'en taƴa laawol maɓɓe, hiwa leyɗe ɓaleeɓe. Alahajji Umar Fuutiiyu no herornoo ganndal yaajungal, hakkil timmuki e pehinaaku banŋe ɗowoodi e konu ngu ɗuuɗaa nanndo. Haa hannde innde Alahajji Umar no lolli buy e ɗii nokkeeli tati Afrik Hiirnaange: Maali, Gine, Senegal, himo yimee e gimi ɗuuɗuɗi. Gootol e majji ko "taara" (ɗum firi ko: o yahii e fulfulde) ngol wammbaaɓe (jeliiɓe) Manndinkooɓe yuɓɓannoo mo. Taariika makko on kadi no fillaa e nder qasiidaare nde gooto e yahdiiɓe makko inneteeɗo Muhammadu Aliyyu Caam wallifinoo e Pulaar/fulfulde e binndi ajamiyya. Nassiji Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995. B. O. Oloruntimeehin. The Segu Tukulor Empire. New York: Humanities Press (1972). SBN 391002066 Willis, John Ralph. In the Path of Allah: The Passion of al-Hajj 'Umar. London: Cass, 1989. Wise, Christopher. The Desert Shore: Literatures of the Sahel. Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner, 2001. Wise, Christopher. Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant. Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner, 1999. Faɗɗitaa Taariika Yimɓe Naajeeriya Toɓo Ko adii nde kaalaten haala toɓo, eɗen njaafnoo musiɗɓe annduɓe ko fayti e meteyoo (météo), ko nanndi e Umar Abdalla Wele en, Maamuudu Bah en, Alasan Kaaliidu Bah en (Taagutalla) e woɗɓe ɓe en nganndaa tawi ko haralleeɓe majjum … Winndannde ndeeɗoo wallifaa ko e hitaande 1981. Nde yaltiino e tonngoode 5 Fooyre Ɓamtaare (oktoobar, noowammbar, desammbar) e tonngoode 7 (abriil, mee, suwee 1982). Ina wayi no ko en « wultinɓe » winndannde ndee. Ɗum noon ɓe njaafoo en so tawii won ko ñawi heen, ɓe mballa en e sellitinde. Hol ko woni duule ? Hol no toɓo ardata ? Ɗum ko huunde e naamne ɗe etoto-ɗen jaabaade e ndee winndannde Eɗen teskii so eɗen pasna ndiyam, eɗen njiya ko wayi no cuurki nii ina wiimtoo : ko ndiyam woni ɗoon ; eɗen mbiya ɗam mbiimtam. Nganndirten ko cuurki ndiyam (cuuram) woni ɗoon ko ƴetten hippoode yoornde, tiimnen ɗum e hunuko barme biimtotooɗo o : ɓooyataa o leppa haa baade ndiyam ciimta. Walla kadi ƴetten kaas joorɗo kippen e hunuko berreede ɗalnde, ma en njiy o leppa haa ndiyam wona e siimtude. Naange ne so feerii, huunde e ndiyam ngonno-ɗam e leydi walla e beeli, maaje, geec, wiimtoto, ŋabba, naata e weeyo. So henndu ɓuuɓndu naatii e ngoon weeyo, ndiyam ngonno-ɗam heen ɗam (e ngonka cuurki) fenndoo, wonta duule : ruulde ko ndiyam penndiɗam. Ɗeen duule noon, ina ɓeydoo ɓuuɓde tan ina ɓeydoo fenndaade, baade ɗe ina ɓeydoo mawnude, haa ɗe njettoo e nokku mo nganndu-ɗaa ɗe teddii no feewi, ɗe ngona e saamde : woni toɓo. Toɓo ngoo jibina beeli ekn … leppina leydi ; so naange ngee feerii kadi ɗam wona e wiimtaade, ɗam toɓa kadi … noon, noon … alaa happu. Geɗe teeŋtuɗe potɗe arde nde toɓo aaɓnoo ko ɗeeɗoo Goodaangal ndiyam e dow leydi (so beeli, maaje, geec, walla leydi leppundi) Nguleeki (mbele ndiyam ɗam ina waawa wiimtaade) Ɓuuɓol weeyo (mbele ndiyam ɗam ina waawaa fenndaade). Ina woodi kadi geɗe ballitooje walla kaɗooje toɓo. Yeru, ina hasii nokku ɓurɗo waawde toɓde kala tawata ko nokku gulɗo (sahaa nguleeki) e heewde ndiyam (so tawii kaɗooje ngalaa kay), ko wayi no nokkuuji ŋorol peccol. Ko ɗum boom jeyi sabaabu ƴiiwoole ŋorol peccol ina ndoolni, keewi ndiyam. Kono, eɗen ngoɗɗitoo ŋorol peccol tan doole ƴiiwoole ina ustoo, haa njetto-ɗen gulli leydi, ɗo nganndu-ɗaa ƴiiwataa saka toɓa, sibu toon wulaani saka ndiyam wiimtoo, saka toɓa. En mbiyiino wonde ina woodi geɗe ballitooje toɓo eken En kaaliino nafoore nguleeki Keneeli ko adii fof keneeli ina mballita biimtagol ndiyam. Keneeli leppuɗi nokkuuji gulɗi ina ngadda toɓo so naatii e nokkuuji ɓuuɓɗi. Eɗen mbaawi rokkude yeru e baaruuji hirnaange e worgo (kenal demminaare, njugooru, loowooru) ɗi ummii ko to nokkuuji gulɗi, leppuɗi Dunli leɗɗe Mawɓe men ina keewnoo wiyde leɗɗe ina pooɗa toɓo. Ngol konngol tuugii ko e teskuya, kono ko teskuya celluɗo, heddii ko faamde hol no dunndu "fooɗirta toɓo". E ko anndaa, dow dunli ina heewi ɓuuɓde. Ko ngool ɓuuɓol wallitaa penndagol ndiyam. Neke eɗen poti hisnude dunli men, ndaro-ɗen e lorde leɗɗe haa keewa. Tooweeki (kaaƴe eku) so duule kawrii e kaaƴe toowɗe, ɗe toowtat (ɗe ɓeydoo toowde) woni ɗe ɓeydoo ɓuuɓde (dow ɓuri ɓuuɓde e les), nii woni ɗe toɓa (baade ndiyam, walla mbarmballe ekn … ). Ko noon paamraten, kala nokku keewɗo kaaƴe toowɗe, ina heewi toɓooli, kono, ɗuum ko to bannge mo duule ɗee ngardata oo tan, ko ɗoon ndiyam ɗam fof heewi yuppaade. Bannge dumtiiɗo oo, heewi wonde ko joorɗo, sibu duule ɗee ngonata ko e tellitaade, ɗum noon ɓeydoto wulde, toɓo ngoo saaya. Ɓallagol geec ko e dow geec ndiyam ɓuri waawde wiimtaade (ɗoo ɓuri heewde ndiyam). So dabbunde naatii, njoorndi ndii ɓurata ɓuuɓde. Ko ɗum tagi e oon sahaa (e dabbunde) nokkuuji daande geec ɓuri waawde toɓeede. Daande geec Nuwaasoot heewaani toɓo dabbunde tagi ɗum ko waraango ɓuuɓngo (haɗoowo mbiimtam) na heedi ngo (Nuwaasoot) to bannge henndu nduu ummortoo oo, ngoon waraango woni waraango Kanari. Ndiyam ɗam wiimtotaako no feewi ngati ine ɓuuɓi. Hiimoɓe Femmbugal, ko wi'etee kadi innde boobo maa dennaboo e fulfulde Fuuta Jaloo, maa kadi locital e fulfulde Fuuta Tooro, lamru e Maasinakoore maa inndeeri e adamawankoore, ko denndaangal kuuɗe e welo-welooji finaa-tawaa ɗi innde boobo jibinaaɗo suɓetee e mum. Si wonii Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo, ko nii innde boobo laatorta to maɓɓe: Fottanaaɗun E nder Fuuta-Jaloo, innde boobo ko haaju hittuɗo wonannde baaba e neene boobo, musiɓɓe maɓɓe e wondiigu ngun fow. Kono no foti ka anndintinen wonnde ko boobo gorko addata yaññugol ñimna iwdi e gorol e nder wondiigu ka gori fewjata. No gasa hara ɗun luttaaka e ko waɗi haa Afiriki ɗo’o, no wa’ita wa si ko boobo gorko ɓuri hittude e dii boobo debbo, on tuumaaɗo ko sonnjaa e fitina tun addata. Ko ɗun waɗata si jon galleeɓe go’o si humpitike sonna maɓɓe ko sowiiɗo, ɓe waɗay toraare Allah fii yo boobo saawaaɗo on laato wonde boobo gorko ! Si fii himme heɓugol boobo gorko martinaama, en anndintinay kadi wonnde Afirik ɗo’o, ko hasii kon, ko tama’u heɓugol ɓiɓɓe woni dalil desal. Ko sabu ɗun waɗi si yimɓe jommbindirii, ɓe wondii duuɓi heewuɗi e ɓaawo jiidi, gootel e piiji ɗiɗi no waawi wadde : immaa ɓe seeda, hara ko hasii kon ko gorko on jonniti, immaa gorko on jommba debbo ɗimmo. Ko hasii kon, fii dewle ɗen e jiidi ndin tefataake e labutaani, fii hertingol daliilu ko haɗi jiidi sora hakkunde debbo on e genndo makko on. Ko ɓuri tabitude kon, tentinii non ka fulawaari, ko debbo on feletee. O wi’ee o jiidotaako. On jonnitee musidal makko. Ko hasii kon non, o ƴettoyte nokku go’o tun o jiidoo kisan. Ɗun holli wonnde e nder Fuuta-Jaloo maa e nder Afiriki on, anngal ganndal no laatii wonde sabu helugol dewle ɗuuɗuɗe ka tawaynoo ñawndirgol pikke seeɗa addayno jiidi hakkunde jommbindirɓe. Jibingol ngol Hiɗen anndi hari ɓaawo ɗo’o, nanndolla cuuɗi jibinirɗi no woodunoo, kono ko e ca’e Gine seeɗaaje. Sabu ɗun wannoo fayda e nder leydi ndin fow, rewɓe sowiiɓe ɓen ko ka cuuɗi mu’un jibinaynoo. Ko yummiraaɓe joomiraaɓe faamu e ganndal, anndaaɓe e yaakoraaɓe aynaynoo ɓen jibinooɓe. Awa no ŋata fiɗiri debbo sowiiɗo on, ɓe waɗa hito e ɓen yummiraaɓe antanɓe jibinki. Ɓe fuɗɗora unugol haako kaccu, ɓe demmbina e ndiyan seeɗa. E ma’anaa, yarugol ɗan ndiyan no okka fiira fii jibingol no yaawiri e no newori. Golle wattiiɗe e ɗun, ko besugol jibinoowo on : on laɓɓinee tuma saa’i on hewti, o tolniree no gasirta non. Ontuma o yeetee ko o waɗa fii no booboo on seenora doy-doy, tentinii si ko wonɗo fuɗɗaade jibingol wondaa. Si neene booboo on hettike e jam, golle go’o ardondirɗe no waylortaa jokkita kisan. Ko adii kon, ko taƴirgol wuddu ndun laɓarki. Ko hikkata ɗon, ko irugol fodde nden. Yummiraaɓe ɓen asa ngayka, ɓe watta ton fodde nden kañumma e fanngadamma: maaro, foññe, kaaba, mbahe, ekw… No sikkaa wonnde ko ɗun waɗata si jibinɗo on heboya ɓiɓɓe buy, hara jiidi taƴondiraali. Maandinen wonnde, no fodde nden wallinirtee ka nder ngayka non, ko yummiraaɓe faltaaɓe fii mu’un ɓen tun anndi. Ado ngayka kan ommbiteede, rewɓe tiggaaɓe ɓe heɓaali ɓiɓɓe addete ɗon. Ɓe jiccoo ka sera ngayka ɓe fonta juuɗe maɓɓe ɗen ɓe toroo Jom-winndere nden yo o okkuɓe jiidi. No wi’aa ko hasii kon, Allaahu sooyintaa tama’u maɓɓe on. Faatiha (simoore udditirde nden) e simoore Qur’aana go’o hara winndanooma e alluwal. Nasi kin lootee. Kenen, ko goɗɗo e ɓeynguure nden, ko hasii kon, debbo, mo moƴƴuki e nunɗal e laaɓal mu’un anndaa toɓɓata booboo on kin nasi e dow wi’ugol: ‘’bismillaahi rahmaanir’rahiimi (e innde Allaahu o’o yurmeteeɗo ko hatti, o’o jom yurmeende timmunde), yo Allaahu waɗe julɗo darantooɗo diina’’. Toɓɓugol booboo ko huunde hittunde. Tuma toɓɓugol ngol gasi, booboo on taaree e concol laaɓungol. Ɓaawo ɗo’o, hari conci booboo alaa. Awa gila ka booboo on waɗaa e conci, o fuɗɗete maɗɗineede enndu kisan. Kala rewɓe hoɗo ngon humpitaaɓe wuppa concoy ko marnoo, koy ɓe haajitortaa, ɓe okka jibanto on, ko o wallitoro. Ko koy jibantoojo on huutorta fii laɓɓingol e nder yontere. E nder on happu ɗon, jibanto on ko yo woofo, hara o yaltaali yaasi ko satti woo ko satti, sakko o ara fottude e yimɓe ɓe yi’ataa jibanto ɓen. Si ɗun aru wadde, booboo on ko karahan hisirta. Hebilanagol innde booboo nden Welo-welo e ɓuttu ɓernde no jokkondiri e jibingol booboo gorko maa suddiiɗo e nder ɓeynguure. Ɗoo yo booboo on okke innde, ko hatonjinaa fii mu’un, ko faggugol jibanto on, fii no o hettira cellal makko ngal. Awa jibanto on yarnee ndiyan ceɓe e ɗaɗi leɗɗe warbaaɗan kañun e kala ko ɓuttinta muusu-reedu. Kenen, jibanto on ñamminee njuuri e ndokko tiga jillindiraaɗun. No fottanaa wonnde ɗun ko lekki moƴƴi. Ñaametee ko jibanto on attettee okkoreede ko hasii kon, ko ndiyan gerto warbidaaɗun e conndi e kala ko hoosata nder reedu: e ma’anaa ko lootirɗun nder reedu ndun, e wi’i yummiraaɓe ɓen. Ƴakkugol bantara maa tiga kecce tuninay ennɗi ɗin ko yaawi, nafa boobo on. No anndaa wonnde e on waqtu ɗon, jibanto ƴakkataa goro, o ñaamataa ñamaku e kala ko jannjinta. Balɗe tati ɓaawo jibineede boobo on, ben makko noddita musidal mu’un ngal (kono ado ɗun, haray ɓeynguure nden fow humpitike wonnde boobo dañaama) fii yo ɓe haldan ko honno ɓe ƴettitirta golle finaa-tawaaje: ɗun ko humpitugol esiraaɓe ɓen fii jibinegol booboo on. Yimɓe tato maa yimɓe nayo imminee ko holloya ɓe, hara hunotooɗo laawol on ko anndaaɗo, maa hara ko ñeeño. Si ɓe hiwrondirii e futuuɓe ɓen, ko on hollitata ɓe boobo jibinaama, o hunoo ɓe haɓɓere goro. O sergitana ɓe ko boobo honɗun dañaa, ko e ñalaande honnde wonata innde boobo nden, ko honto e saa’i hommbo waɗata. Fii saa’i ka innde nden feññintee ɗon, no joopaa wonnde ko ka walluhaa ɓuri moƴƴude. Mawɓe ɓen waɗanaa ɗun e ɗiɗi si ɓe maaki: ‘’boobo innaaɗo e walluhaa ko wallindirteeɗo’’, kabii o laatoyto wonde neɗɗo welɗo huuwondirde, e ma’anaa o laatoyto wonde neɗɗo gaynoowo haaju e nder ngurndan makko. Fii suɓugol innde nde boobo on innetee nden, ko baaba boobo yaakitoraa. Qur’aana no yamiri julɓe ɓen yo ɓe okku geɗalɓe maɓɓe ɓen inɗe moƴƴuɗe, wano inɗe nulaaɓe ɓen, maa innɗe duhiiɓe maa suddiiɓe daraninooɓe dewal diina lislaamu. Kenen, boobo on innitirte maamaajo makko ka gorol maa ka deyol, maa yaayiraawo, maa ben makko mawɗo, maa bappiraawo makko, maa kaawiraawo makko. Ñannde haaju on Awa ñalaande nden hewtii ka boobo wonanooɗo noddireede ‘’kun sanfa’’ (e ma’anaa “alaa innde”) okketee innde no weetiranta mokala. Ko hasii kon, ko inɗe ɗiɗi boobo on okketee, woni gorko woni jiwo. Si hawrii ko gorko, ko hasii kon ko innde Nulaaɗo Muhammadu o okketee, innde go’o kadi takkee ɗon. Ɓeynguure nden mooɓitay laabuddaaji fii haaju on walnde ado mu’un: ɗun ko baalii (ko ɓuri kon ngaari baalii), maa mbeewa. No ara ka nagge waɗee si hawrii boobo on ko tijjanooɗo dumune juutuɗo, hara mawɓe makko ko jogiiɓe jawdi ko ɓe ɓannginira hitte e welo-welo jibinegol boobo on. Ko ɗun wi’etee ‘’ waliima’’ e haala pular. Watten ka laabuddaaji fii miranji tati ñiiri. Miran ɓurɗo njanɗude on, ko on waɗetee ‘’ ñiiri futu’’. Ɗiya miranji ɗiɗi, ko ‘’ñiiri innooɓe’’ e ‘’ñiiri musidal’’. Tawta ɗon cobbal, e goro, e gate, e ɓoggi e korun woocaakun. Hirsugol dammol maa nagge inna boobo, ko ‘’sunna Nulaaɗo Muhammadu yiɗaaɗo’’. E ma’anaa, ko yamiroore yiɗaande huutoreede. Ɓaa ñiiri, cobbal, e goro ko sadaka faandoraaɗo fii moƴƴere boobo on e nder ngurndan makko. Teewu futu ngun ko fawetee ɗun, tummbee e nder gate tati maa jeeɗiɗi, haɓɓiree ɓoggi hawaaɗi: ko ɗun woni hattirde teddungal. Wi’eede saa’i innugol ngol hewtii, haray musidal ngal e sabondiraaɓe yumma e ben boobo fow hewtii. Ben boobo e musiɓɓe makko sortoo,ɓe ŋuna: kala humpitoo innde eɓɓaande nden. Nde winndee e abajada aarabu, e kaydi. Ndin kaydi hewtinee futuuɓe ɓen, ɓe teddinee fii innde nden. Si ɓe yaanii yo inne, ɓeynguure ben boobo on ayyina ko feññina innde nden. Fii humpitugol mbatu julɓe mooɓiiɓe ɓen, ñeeño (gawlo, maa jeliijo, maa labbo) immoo, o ewnoo innde ŋunaande nden. Mawɓe ɓen ɗu’oo, ɓe du’anoo boobo on yo Allaahu wurnu mo, o barkina mo, yo o ɗuuɗu miññiraaɓe. On-tuma duhiiɗo ayyinee ko humpita suddiiɓe ɓen fii innde ŋunaande nden. Ɓen hara no mooɓondiri feere. Ɓawtiɗun, dammol ngol daginee. Daginɗo on ewnoo innde booboo on laaɓi tati. Ontuma ñi’e ɗen, cobbal ngal e gorooje ɗen senndee. Du’aaji jokkintinee boobo on kadi, hara haaju on gasii. Futuuɓe ɓen (kono tigi tigi on ko ɓe ɓe immini ɓen) seenora nafakkaaji, conci e caabune fii jibanto on. Ko hasii kon, ɓe futuuɓe ɓen imminta ɓen haray no ɗuuɗi. Hara banndiraaɓe, miññiraaɓe, jaajiraaɓe, denɗiraaɓe, yaayiraaɓe, njaatigiiɓe jibanto on no tawdaa e siinaa yumma makko. Ɓe jaɓɓee, ɓe jaɓanee, ɓe wernee e suudu haqiiqaaru. Musidal ben boobo on immina ko tolna futuuɓe ɓen. Ɓe yooɓora korun-loonde maa gobule ndiyan wonduɗan e goro sappo. Ɓe wi’a: ‘’ ko saɗi mo’on, ko toolii’’. Ɓe hunoo ɓe nafakka ko ɓe maranaa kon. Awa ko ɗee gorooje sappo ka korun-loonde, maa gobule wi’etee ‘’goro salligii.’’ Ko ɗen woni goro tolnirɗe koɗo tedduɗo. Tuma seeniiɓe fii futu on nafii, ɓe immina ko du’anaoo musidal ben boobo battane nafakkaaji ɗin e teddule ko ɓe waɗanaa fow. Awa ɓe du’itanee kamɓe kadi. Awa tuma imminaaɓe fii futu on waynitii, ɓe waɗanee ‘’fannda futu’’, ɓe ɗowtitee. Nafakkaaji ko ɓe seenodunoo e mu’un fii haaju on sennditee kisan. Ko ɓaawo ɗun wa yimɓe njeeɗiɗo immintee ko seenoo naɓugol ‘’innde boobo’’ nden. Ko naɓetee, ko fecco dammol inniraakol kol, monndaaɗun e gate haɓɓiraaɗe ɓoggi hawaaɗi. Maruɓe feere go’o no woowi wattude e ɗun ngaari baali maa mbeewa. Ko mokobaaɓe tedduɓe ka gorol jibanto on jaɓɓotoo werna ɓen imminaaɓe. Tuma ɓe tolnaa, ɓe hiwrondiraa, seeniiɓe ɓen hunoo laawol, ɓe watta ko ɓe seenori kon e sookeeje gorol neene boobo on. Hawra hiɓe maranaa nafakkaaji, ɓe nafoo. Tuma ɓe gayni nafaade, ɓe du’ondiree fii nafakkaaji ɗin e fii boobo dañaaɗo on, ɓe waynitoo. Ɓe fanndee kaalisi e goro, ɓe ɗowtitee. Tuma ɓe hewtiti ka gorol ben boobo on, ɓe hunitoo laawol no ɓe seenori, no ɓe teddiniraa e no ɓe waynondiriraa. Mo ardinii hakkil e no haaju innde boobo filloraa non, ootigi faamay ko haa honto jaaɓondirgol jawdi mari hitte hakkunde musidal ben boobo e musidal yumma boobo. Kono himme ɓurɗo mawnude on, ko doomangol boobo on du’aaji. Ko lutti fillaaka fii mu’un ko no boobo on femmbirtee. Ɗun ɗon ko golle rewɓe tun. Ko ka alansaraa woowi wadde. Ɗo’o men, ko rewɓe ka gorol e ka deyol boobo on gollidata. Ko ɗun ɗo’o woni finaa-tawaa e ɗen golle: yaayiraawo boobo on adda mo ka dammbugal; o watta mo e sookeeje musiɗɗo yumma makko, hara on jooɗinoke e jullere labbo. O addanee horde waɗornde ndiyan e haako ƴiɓɓehi rimuki, gorooje e laɓarki. Ko ɓen yaayiraaɓe e neeniraaɓe boobo on femmbata mo. Sukundu ndun jonnee yaaye boobo on, on morla ndu ka newe m’un. Tamere sukundu nden jonnitee jibanto on, tuma femmbugol ngol gasi. Tuma neeɓoyi, nden tamere sukundu e wuddu boobo on hawtindirte waɗanee mo talkuru fii kisal, ko o ŋannoo tuma o mawnoyi. Si hawrii boobo on ko iwdi lamɓe, maa ganndiɗuɓe, o taaranee meetelol tuma femmbugol ngol gasi. Si hawrii wonaa o iwɗi lamɓe maa ganndiɗuɓe, o taaranee tun ko rawni. Ko tuma ɗun fow gasi, jibanto on yaltinee non. Yaayiraawo makko jonna mo fannga-damma (maaro, foññe, kaaba, mbahe e ko wa’i wa ɗun), kaalisi (cewɗi) e goro. Jibanto on ko yo fero ɗun ɗon fow ka tannde. Tuma paykoy e gerto gayni hoccude sadaka on, jibanto on yalta taƴita tannde nden, sollintingol wonnde woofagol makko ngol timmii. Tuma suddiɓe ɓen ñaami ñiiri innde boobo ndin, goro on senndaa, jibanto on e boobo on du’anaa, haray haaju on gasii. Yontere ɓawti ɗun, jibanto on naɓoyay boobo mu’un on wuundino ka mawɓe makko ɓen. O wona ton lewru. Maandinen wonnde ɓaawo ɗo’o hari boobo ko duuɓi ɗiɗi maa tati muynaynoo. Hari biiberon anndaaka fii mu’un. Hol ko woni ñawu Ebola? Jooni non, ko woni ñawu Ebola? Innde Ebola ndee holko nde firti ? hol tuma e hotoo nguu ñawu anndaa? Wirus Ebola: so tawii ko konngol « Virus » ngol, ngol firti ko tooke, ko kullel ñawu ko ɗuum waɗi e ngol ɓasee e kala innde ñawu. Ko ñawu bonngu, hulɓiniingu, raaɓoowu. So tawii ko innde Ebola ndee, nde ɓaŋaa ko e innde caanngol gonngol takko saare wi’eteende Yambuku wonnde nano e Hawtaandi Konngo Demokrasiyankoori Kinsasa « République Démocratique du Congo ». So tawii ko tuma e hoto nguu ñawu anndaa, nguu ñawu anndaa ko he hitaande 1976 e nokkuure wonnde nano he ngenndi Konngo Kinsaasa. Ko ñawndoowo, doftooruujo Beljiknaajo bi’eteeɗo Peter Piot gonɗo he ñawndirde heeroriinde ñabbuuji ngenndiiji bulɗi/gulɗi/wulɗi to saare wi’eteende Antwerp « Anvers », ko oo anndini adunaaru nduu goodal nguu ñawu he hitaande 1976, caggal/ɓaawo nde ngu boomi/halki ko wonata yimɓe 280 e ndeer 318 ɓe nguu ñawu nanngunoo. Maandeeji Ebola Nguu ñawu ko dogu-reedu wontungu fero wondungo e nguli ɓanndu (paawngal) toowuki sanne e tuure ƴiiƴam. Haa hannde lekki nguu ñawu heɓaaka kono wiɗtooɓe no jokki golle. Ko ɗum waɗi ko reentaare tun waawata danndude neɗɗo e ñawu ngun: serindaare ñawuɓe ɓen, sooɗagol heewngol, ubbugol maayɓe ɓen hara feewnaali ɓe ekn. Afirik Stary Dwór ko galluure nder Poloonya. Poloonya Ciile ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Ciile yo Santiago. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 756.096 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 17.574.003. Leydi Aameerik Cekiya (Česko) / Repibliiki Cek, Ndenndaandi Cek (Česká republika) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Cekija yo Prague. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 78.866 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 10.553.445. Demography Demography: Cekiya 1993-2010 Galluure Prague 1.267.449 (2016) Brno 377.028 Ostrava 292.681 Gallery Yuroopu Leydi Cekiya Alhamdou lil lahi on njaraama ko weltaare mawnde ndanmi nga naatde wikipedia Montenegro (Crna Gora) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 13.812 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 631.219. Laamorde nden ko Podgorika. Kammbooja ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Montenegoro yo Korowaasiya, Bosniya e Herzegovina, Serbiya, Albaniya. Leydi Yuroopu Limlebbi : hitaande, lebbi e ñalɗi E sahaa hannde oo, yoga e pine kuutortoo ko lemlebbi biyeteeɗo limlebbi «Grégoire» oo, woni ko mbiyatenlimlebbi tuubakooɓe koo. Juulɓe kadi ina njogii limlebbi mum en, mo kuutorto-ɗen enen fulɓe. Pine keewɗe ina njogii limlebbi mum en keeriiɗi, kono yoga heen nattii huutoreede. Hannde ɓuri waawde huutoreede e winndere ndee kala ko limlebbi « tuubakooɓe » oo. Limlebbi ɗii ɓuri heewde tuugaade ko e dille lewru wallanaange, walla ɗiɗi ɗii kala. Ina woodi goɗɗi ɓurɗi jiiɓaade. Maa mbiyaa leyɗe winndere ndee kala kuutortoo ko limlebbi Grégoire oo wonande soklaaji ɗi ngonaa soklaaji diine. Limlebbi « Grégoire » (limlebbi tuubakooɓe) oo tuugii ko e dille naange, mo juulɓe oo tuugii ko e dille lewru. Kono kañji ɗiɗi kala ɗi tuugii ko e yontere nde balɗe 7 elebbi 12 e nder hitaande. Mo “tuubakooɓe” oo ƴetti fuɗde mum ko e yonta kerecee(jibineede annabi Iisaa), mo juulɓe oo ƴetti fuɗde mum ko e fergo nulaaɗosallallaahu aleyhi wa sallam (JKM). Ina gasa tawa fulɓe ina njoginoo limlebbi, kono enen kam e keɓaani anndude oon limlebbi. Eɗen nganndi tan, eɗen njoganinoo balɗe jeeɗiɗi yontere (woni biir) ɗee inɗe, ɗeen ngoni : hoore biir, dewo hoore biir, aaɓnde, moobaare, njaslaare, naasaande, mawnde. Kono hannde fulɓe ɓuri waawde huutoraade ko inɗe garduɗe e diine lislaam ɗee, hono, aset, alet, altine, talaata, alarba, alkmiisa, aljumaa.Wonande lebbi, kuutortono-ɗen ko lebbi lislaam ɗii hade kesamkesaagu naatde, inɗe ɗiin lebbi ngoni : haaraan, dewo haaraan, ekn... Ko kesamkesaagu naati koo, yimɓe fof (walla kam jotondirɓe e nguun kesam-kesaagu ɓee) mbaɗti huutoraade limlebbi mo winndere ndee kala huutortoo oo, limlebbi « Grégoire » mo inɗe lebbi mum mbiyetee : saawiyee, feebariyee, marse, abriil, mee, suwee, sulyee, ut, settaambar, oktoobar, noowammbar, desammbar.Hay leyɗe aaraabeeɓe ko kañji kuutortoo so artii e haajuuji ɗi ngonaa haajuuji diine. Ɓe ndewata kadi ko e inɗe goowaaɗe ɗee. E kitaale jawtuɗe ɗeya, banndiraaɓe men wonnooɓe to Keer (laamorgo Misra) pentaniino ɗiiɗoo lebbi inɗe. Ɗeen inɗe ngoni :siilo, colte, mbooy, seeɗto, duujal, korse, morso, juko, silto, yarkomaa, jolal, bowte, kono ɗe kuutortee tan ko e diiwaan Fuuta Tooroo hee ; yanti heen, pulfule keddiiɗe ɗee keɓtinaani ɗe, sibu ɗe ndiiwtanooma e joɗnde MAPE (Gollordu gootinɗingol Manndeŋ-Fulfulde) jooɗinoonde e lewru suwee hitaande 1982 toWagadugu. Limlebbi diine oo (Hijriyya, woni fergo), fawii, no mbiyruno-ɗen, ko jiyle lewru, ɗum noon lewru ko balɗe 29 walla 30. Kañji ngoni ɗi mbiyaten lebbi ɓaleeɓe, hono : ‘Mouharram’ (haaraan), ‘Safar’ (dewo haaraan), Rabia al awal (mawluud), Rabia ath-thani (dewo mawluud), Joumada al oula, Joumada ath-thania, Rajab (mawnum yaawa), Chaabane (yaawa), Ramadan (koorka), Chawwal (humtoraandu), Dhou al qi`da (saftoraandu), Dhou al-hijja (taaske). Ko ɗi lebbi jirlotooɗi, yeru koorka ina waawi hawrude e dumunnaaji hitaande ɗii kala, hawra e ndunngu, hawra e ceeɗu, hawra e dabbunde … E ndii limlebbi, so hiisaama hakindo e nder duuɓi capanɗe tati deggondirɗe, hitaande wonata ko 354,36667 ñalawma. Ɗum noon hitaande kala, balɗe 10 walla 11 haa 12 ina ɓiloo hakkunde makko e limlebbi winndereejo oo, mo nganndu-ɗaa hitaande mum ko balɗe 365,2425 : ɗuum addani feebariyee maayirde balɗe 28 duuɓi tati deggondirɗi (kitaale 365 ñalawma), maayra 29 hitaande nayaɓere ndee (hitaande 366 ñalawma : ñalawma ɓeydiiɗo heen oo, ko nayaɓe 4 kitaale nay ɗe kiisanooka ɗee, ndenndinaa). Kitaale baɗɗe balɗe 366 ko kitaale « ɗe 4 feccata kono ɗe 100 feccataa » walla kitaale ɗe « 400 peccata ». Yeru : 2014 ko balɗe 365 (feebariyee maayrata ko 28) sibu « 4 feccataa 2014 », kono 2016 ko balɗe 366 (feebariyee maayrata ko 29) sibu « 4 ina fecca 2016 ». To bannge ganndal siyaas, hitaande ko mudda Leydi men ndii taartotoo naange haa arta e tolno umminoo oo. Ɗuum woni ko wiyetee « hitaande ŋorol » (balɗe 365,2422) tee ina seɓondiri seeɗa e hitaande limlebbi iiseejo (balɗe 365,2425). Ɗe ɓurondiri ko 0,0003 ñalawma hitaande kala (woni ɓurondiral balɗe tati duuɓi 10 400 kala). Iwdi Seek Umar Taal jibinaa ko 1794 to Halwaar, saraaji Podoor. O naati Tijjanaagal law, tee alaa ɗo o ɗannanaaki ngam ɗaɓɓude ganndal. O fuɗɗorii fof ko Hamdallaay (Mali) e hitaande 1927, caggal ɗum o fayi Sokoto (Niiseriyaa) to Muhammed Bello, mo o tawi ina woni e laamaandi mum njooɗndi njuɓɓudi sanne. O ummii ɗoon o yaaɓani Makka. O yettoyii Makka ko e hitaande 1828. Ko toon o heɓi tiitoonde kaliifu tijjanaagal wonande Sudaan (noon aarabeeɓe mbiyatnoo Afrik hirnaange hannde oo) e juuɗe Seek Muhammed el Gaali, jahdiiɗo Seek Tijjaan. Ndeen o yahi haa duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde biyeteengal Al-Azhaar. Ko toon o ɓenndini feere makko umminde jihaadi so o artii. Ɗo o jibinaa, pele makko gadane Ko ɗum tagi, nde o artunoo tan, o yaaɓani sañde geese jokkondire teeŋtuɗe ngam huccande fellannde diine. O idorii fof ko resde ɓiy laamɗo Bornu e ɓiy Ahmed Bello, laamɗo Sokoto. Ko ndeen nii laamuuji gaadanteeji ɗii puɗɗii faayde sabu ƴellitagol jaawngol hoodere makko. Ko ɗum tagi, nde o ruttii Hamdallaay, Aamadu Seeku jaɓɓaaki mo no feewi. To Segu boom, laamɗo sanamiijo biyeteeɗo Ceefolo, jaggu mo, soki mo, sibu mum yiyde e tiimngal wileeɓe mum, wonde bone njogori ummoraade ɗum ko e oo ceerno mo jookodtaako. Hay nder Fuuta Tooro, leydi ɗo o jibinaa ɗoo, seerenɓe ardinooɓe ɗoon ɓee, ina kuli mo, ndeentii mo, nde tawnoo ɓeen, gila liɓi satigaagal e hitaande 1776, laamu mum en won ɗo yettaaki to bannge potal hakkunde juulɓe, sibu renndo ngoo ɓurnoo tuugaade ko e pecce kinɗe. Ndaa laawol Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu addi ngol, tuugii ko e potal e nuunɗal nder renndo kam e ɓiyngu yummaagu hakkunde juulɓe fof. Ko Fuuta Jaloŋ dee o dañi jooɗoyaade. O sosi ɗoon duɗal. O fuɗɗii waajuuji (jeeyngal) makko ko e hitaande 1841 e fawaade e laawol sunniyeewol e laawol maalikeewol e suufiyeewol. E hitaande 1845, o tacci Siin Saalum e Bowaal e Kayoor ngam hootde cuuɗi maɓɓe. Nde tawnoo omo addori daraja toowɗo, hankati almudɓe ngoni tan e arde ina tarbikinoo ɗo makko ɗoo, kam e karbiyankooɓe jeyaaɓe e Fuuta Tooro. Ko ɗum addani Almaami sikkitaade mo nde o arti Fuuta Faloŋ omo ardi e mbeefeegu almudɓe e koninkooɓe, ɗaɓɓiri mo yo o luɓor ɗum laamaandi mum. O eggi. E hitaande 1848 o waɗi tuddunde makko hidiinde ɗo Dinngiraay ɗoo, (e dow leyɗe ɗe o soodi e laamu Tammbaa). Oon sahaa omo wondi e ujunaaje ujunnaaje almuudo e kooninke ummoriiɓe e jookli diiwaan oo kala. Ɓe ngoni e soodde petelaaji e komersaaji Engele en to leydi ina wiyee Siyeraa Leyoon, wondude e weleede laamu Angalteer, njiɗnoongu gallinde feere Farayse yiɗde jiimde Afrik hirnaange. Fellannde diine E hitaande 1850 o ummini fellannde diine caggal nde laamɗo biyeteeɗo Tammbaa oo yani e makko, ngam telɓinde ƴellitaare faayiida makko e nokku hee. Ɓooyaani konu diine larwii laamuuji bambarankooɓe e manndinkooɓe keewɗi. O heɓti Ñooro, laamorgo laamu Masasi e hitaande 1854 caggal wolde mawnde. Duuɓi ɗiɗi pawtii heen o heɓti laamu bammbara mbiyeteengu Kaarta. Hankadi konu makko ina ɓeydoo yimɓe e coftal e semmbe fof. Bakkel nattii woɗɗude. Kono, koloñaal bonɗo biyeteeɗo Federba ina waɗti e makko hakkille. Federba, nde waɗaa guwerneer e hitaande 1847 tan, yaaɓani ko mahde foor (tuddunde hanndaande), e nanondirde e haɓɓondirde e laamɗo Kaaso. Oon laamɗo noon, nde tawnoo ko juulɗo, Seek Umar mettini heen no feewi. O ummanii haɓde e oon laamɗo Kaaso. Pelɓondiral makko gadanal e Federba waɗi ko e hitaande 1857, nde konu Seek Umar, fotde 25 000 kooninke, uddata Madiina (nder dowla Kaaso) fotde lebbi tati e balɗe jeeɗiɗi. Oon sahaa reennoo poosto Madiina oo ko tuubaako jilluɗo ina wiyee Pool Hool. Wonnoo faandaare konu Seek Umar ko uddude koninkooɓe Farayse ɓee e nder poosto hee haa ndunngu, tawa ɓe keyɗii, ɓe ɗomɗii. Kono uddo ngoo fof e juutde, ɓeen nangtii. Kono, ɗo gardiiɗo foor oo laaratnoo jebbilaade ɗoo tan, hawri Federba suppitiima, ari, ina ardi e 500 kooninke tawi heen 100 ko raneeɓe. Nii woni ɓe ndiiwi konu Seek Umar, ɓe udditi foor oo. Federba e Seek Umar ciifondiri nanondiral deeƴre ngal juutaani balɗe, e hitaande 1860. Caggal nde konu Seek Umar heɓti denndaangal laamuuji bambarankooɓe (Segu heɓtaa ko e hitaande 1861), Seek Umar raaŋani Hamdallaay, laamorgo Maasina. Ɗoo woni wolde ɓurnde mawnude nde konu Seek Umar haɓaa. Addi wolde ndee, ko laamɗo juulɓe gonnooɗo ɗoon oo, mooli laamɗo Segu, keefeero ina wiyee Bina Aali walla Aali Woyteela. Won mawɗo gooto wiyi en wonde ina jeyaa e ko addi ndee hare wonde "laamɗo Segu oo won konngol wiynoo Seek Umar, Seek Umar riddi mo, wiyi so wonaa o haalana ɗum hol sabaabu omo wiya ɗum ko o wiyi ɗum koo, o tuuba o naata diine Lislaam. Nde oon moolii to Aamadu mu Aamadaa, Seek Umar ari haa yettii wuro ngoo, nuli e makko yo o tottu ɗum mo o mooli oo, walla o tuubna ɗum. Oon ne wiyi Seek Umar, ɓayri oon mooliima e mum, waawaa mooltude ɗum, sibu ina anndi so Seek Umar heɓii mo ko baroowo mo. Ɗoon ɗo ɓe ngoni e haala gasaani, tawi koninkooɓe Seek Umar, haa arti noon e Fuutankooɓe ɓee tawi ñaññii, peetii njani e wuro hee. Hamdallaay yani ñalnde 16 marse 1852". Kono maayɓe keewii, fotde 70 000 fittaandu. Daaɗe Aamadu Mu Aamadu e Aali Woyteela coƴƴaa. Ɓe neldi konu ngam heɓtude Tummbuktu, kono ɓe ndonkani. Kaɓɓondiral konuuji fulɓe e safalɓe Kunta en e Bammbara en njani e konu Seek Umar. Oon sahaa tawi laamu makko yaajii sibu tuggi ko Mali haa Gine haa Senegaal. Kono caggal wolde Hamdallay konu jihaadi nguu waasii yimɓe heewɓe, tee ɓe tampii, ɓe ndañaani fooftaade ngam safrude ñawanɗe maɓɓe e yuɓɓitinde konu, tawi ɓe njanaama. Seek Umar kadi tawi nulii Alfaa Tijjaan, ganndo golwole, gooto e ardinooɓe konu makko yo yah yiyloyaade koninkooɓe. Oon nde artata, tawi, ñalnde 12 feebariyee 1864, Seek Umar wirniima e kaaƴe Bañnjagara. Alfaa Tijjaani Aamadu Taal lomtii mo e ngardiigu laamaandi ndii, sompi laamorgo mum ɗo Bañnjagara ɗoo. Ɓiyiiko (Ɓiy Seek Umar Taal) biyeteeɗo Aamadu Seeku oo noon laamiima Segu haa nde koloñaal itti ɗum ɗoon e hitaande 1893.Texte en indice Iwdi Asko Saydu Nuuru Taal to bannge duhol. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal yiyi aduna ko e hitaande 1862 to Ñooro to Mali. Jibnaaɗo makko gorko wiyetenoo ko Nuuru Sayko Umar, ɓiy Usmaan, ɓiy Alfaa Sammba to wuro men Halwaar sara Podoor nder Senegal. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ko ɓiy Nuuru, ɓiy Raamatullaay, ɓiy Muhamadu Bello, ɓiy Usmaan Dan Foodiya (Fojoo : laamɗo Kano to Ndenndanndi Nijeriya hannde), ɓiy Njobbo Usmaan, ɓiy Saalih, ɓiy Haaruuna, ɓiy Muhamadu Guurɗo, ɓiy Muhamadu Sammba, ɓiy Ayuub, ɓiy Masiraan, ɓiy Buubu Baaba, ɓiy Muusaa Jokkolo (ummoriiɗo Fuuta Tooro), ɓiy Baaba, Ɓiy Hayaas, ɓiy Yugu, ɓiy Jam, ɓiy Jamliige, ɓiy Jooke, ɓiy Jaalige, ɓiy Diinga, ɓiy Daate, ɓiy Maxaama, ɓiy Uŋbata bun Nafi (gooto e hoohooɓe taarinooɓe Muhammadu Nullaɗo Alla, garnooɗo jaaynude Lislaam nder Afrik. Asko Saydu Nuuru Taal to bannge kosam Jibnaaɗo debbo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal wiyetenoo ko Aysatu Kamisoko, ɓiy Fulatene Sambeeri, ɓiy Dinamaxa, ɓiy Sambeeri Bah, ɓiy Shaale Makah Gaale Sambeeri, ɓiy Majaata Habuula, ɓiy Sadike Hammadi, ɓiy Ñangiti, ɓiy Sun Jaata (laamɗo Gaadugu Maliŋke). Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ummii ko e kaatane laamu e diine. To bannge diine iwdi makko Uŋba bun Nafi, koohoowo Muhamadu (yo jam e kisal ngon e mum). Taaniraaɓe makko laamiima hirnaange Afrik to leydi Maliŋkee en, e to leydi Hawusaŋkooɓe. Ɗum addani ndii iwdi laataade jokkondiral hakkunde Maliŋkooɓe e Fulɓe e Hawusaŋkooɓe. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal nehii ko e ganndal, e tiiɗal ɓernde e feerde hakkille, wonde jokleñamo, kaaraysira, deenɗo musidal e banndiraagal. Ɓoggee haa Kaaso Oo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal mahii ko laataade ɗoowoowo yimɓe, jannginoowo. Gila e cukaagu makko o yahii Ɓoggee (nder Ndenndaandi Muritani, e Ndar Tiwawoon (Senegal) haa to Madiina Kaaso nder Mali. Ko e njiylawu ganndal o woni almuudo Ceerno Hammaat Kan to Madiina Kaaso, e Aamadu Muttaar Saako to Ɓoggee e Alhajji Maali Sih to Tiwaawoon. Nde wonnoo ko o peertuɗo moƴƴo hakkille, o yaawii huñaade Deftere Alla nde, o dalii law. O fuɗɗii jaŋgude ganndal diineeji, Sariya, doosɗe celluka arab, ekn… O fawi heen gannde jowitiiɗe “Kimiya” to duɗal Ceerno Muhamadu Oolal to wuro Kitaa nder Mali. Nde wonnoo Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal wonaa almuudo meho, humpito makko addani mo wallifaade defte keewɗe e ɗemngal arab, defte jeyaaɗe e ɓurɗe heewde nafoore to bannge ganndal kuɓtidinngal. Jannginoowo mo tampataa, biɗtoowo ŋeeñɗuɗo Ganndal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e humpito makko fof ko e juuɗe hatojinɓe o lommbi, yimɓe leydi makko e yimɓe Afrik. Oo ceernaajo mo Alla rokki welde haala, cuusɗo ɗanngal, o yilliima leyɗe keewɗe hakkunde 1927 e 1957. Omo waajoo jokkondiral e ɓiyngu-yummaagu, o gostondiral hakkunde leñƴi e paamondiral, o nodda yimɓe e diine Lislaam. Seernaaɓe Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal fof nduwanii-maa mo nde ceertata e makko. Nde o ɓaari to duɗal Madiina Kaaso, Ceerno Hammat Kan duusi mo, duwanii mo moƴƴere, ñaagii yo Alla Toowɗo o jaɓ kala ko o ñaagii. Ko noon kadi, to Ɓoggee, nde Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal ɓaari e duɗal Ceerno Muttaar Saako. Nde ɓe ceertata, o winndani mo seedataagal, o duwanii mo jam e kisal, nde yimɓe keɗotoo mo kala nde o ƴefti konngol omo waajoo. O winndi e seedantaagal hee : “Ceerno Alhajji Maalik Sih mo Tiwaawoon tawi mawnii, wiyii mo : jotondiral men wayi ko no ngal hakkunde Muhammadu Nulaaɗo Alla (Jam e kisal e mum) e Abuubakiri, mbay-ɗen ko no Muusaa waynoo e Haaruuna, mi waɗii ma dono am to banngal hakilantaagal”. Ɗii duwawuuji ɗoftii nguurndam Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal fof e golle makko fof. Ɗum addani laamɓe, gila e koloñaal haa heɓi ɓe jeytaare, jogodaade e makko jokkondiral moƴƴal, njetti moƴƴere makko e hakilantaagal makko. Ballal haa jam e kisal ñiiɓa Kamɓe fof ɓe njaɓii ballal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal addi haa jam e kisal ñiiɓi nder ko wonnoo  AOF (Afrik Hirnaange mo Farayse), e AEF ( Afrik Fuɗnaange mo Farayse). Ko o gorko keɓiiɗo, dogoowo e deeƴre, mo tikkataa mo haaɓataa, mo soodetaake. O addii ballal teeŋtungal, nafowal Afrik gila e yonta Wolde Winnderiyaŋkoore adannde, o ñaagii deeƴre e jam, o walliti Afriknaaɓe e kala tanaa njiynoo e ndee wolde. O seholondirii e laaminooɓe AOF e innde leydi Farayse e ardinooɓe tunɗi. O daranii ɓesngu e yimɓe hiiɗanooɓe, jogiiɓe caɗeele hakkunde mum en e laamu. O wallitii heewɓe kadi haa ndañi golle. Ko e ndiin mbaydi o seholondiri e e ardinooɓe AOF wayɓe no Van Vollenhoven, Roume, e Angoulevant, haa heɓi Mesmer. Omo heewi wiyde : “Nguurndam am fof, so tawii mi meeɗii jaɓde njeenaari ummoraade e kala laamɗo, walla keefeero, janngo hoto mi dañ lommbude junngo am e junngo Muhamadu (jam e kisal e mum). Moƴƴere Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e kaaraysiraagal makko, jaambaraagal makko e wonde mo jom konngol, adaanii mo seholondirde e Hooreeɓe leyɗe heewɓe, hono Vincent Auriol, Charles de Gaulle, Georges Pompidou, Giscard d’Estaing, ekn… Hooreeɓe leyɗe heewɓe njaagiri mo ko jibnaaɗo diisneteeɗo. Nde Senegaal naati iiñcuru e kitaale 1958-1960, konngol makko wallitii falaade ƴiiƴam nder Senegal e Mali. Darjeende cehilaagal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal e Lepold Sedaar Senngoor alaa mo humpi. Hakkunde maɓɓe ko nuunɗal e giɗli. Ngal tuugnii ko e giɗli maɓɓe e Senegaal kam e darnde safrude caɗeele mayri. Won hinnde sanɗaaji inniranoo mo. Ñalnde ɓeen ɓaarata to duɗal toowngal, Senngoor wiyi : “Minen haɓantenooɓe jeytaare ngenndi, Alhajji Saydu Nuuru hollii humpito mum e yimɓe e kuuje, addanii min ballal mum e ngenndiyaŋkaagal mum. O jaŋnginii min yankinaare e kala nde kuule mawɗe ƴeftatee, e jaambaraagal nder kareele amen… Ko o daarorgal yankinaare e moƴƴere, udditaare hakkille, gannduɗo Saydu Nuuru Taal fof yankinanto ɗum, jaɓantu ɗum, yooɗete ɗum, hulat ɗum, hooloto ɗum…”. Neɗɗo Alla, neɗɗo muñal Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal, sikke alaa, ko neɗɗo Alla, ko o neɗɗo keewɗo muñal, muñanɗo yimɓe, heccuɓe mo, ɓe o yontidaa, e ɓe o hecci. O meeɗaa seerde e jaɓɓaade arooɓe e makko, heɗaade ɗum en, safrude caɗeele mum en e hakke baawal makko. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal reenii ɓesngu mum kala : mawɓe e sukaaɓe, ɓiyɓe e taaniraaɓe e njaatiraaɓe, dañɓe e waasɓe, juulɓe heen e ɓe ngonaa heen juulɓe, fof nanngiraa ko ceernaajo maa almuudo. Nde ngar-ɗaa boleeru Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal kala, takko laawol Repubilik, tawa ko galle ina wiyi piɓ yimɓe. Moƴƴe makko mbaawaa limteede ngati ko maayo, gasataa. Ceerno Saydu Nuuru Taal woniino neɗɗo mawɗo, neɗɗo mo en njejjittaa haa bada. Golle makko e balle makko ina nganndaa gila e leydi makko, haa heɓi duunde Afrik, yalti ɗum kadi. Leyɗeele keewɗe manii mo, njeeni mo ceedante kolliriije ɗo giɗli mum en e makko tolnii.Ina e ɗeen leyɗeele : Senegal, Muritani, Farayse, Beneŋ, Alseri, Komoor, Mali, Madagaskar, Almaañ, Siin, Tunus, Niijeriya, Nijeer, Kodduwar, Sayiir (RDC), Lubnan, Kamruun, Marok, Kamputshea, ekn… gasataa e limoore tan. Cukaagu makko e jaŋde makko Ko e hitaande 1864 biyeteeɗo Al Hajji Seydu Nuuru Taal jibinaa to nokku ina wiyee Muniya. Baaba makko wiyetee ko Muhammaad Nuuru, yumma makko Aysata Kamisoko (Yo yurmeende Alla won e maɓɓe). Caggal nde o janngi e seernaaɓe heewɓe, o fayi Fuuta abbaade mawniiko Aamadu Muntagaa, ɓiy kaaw makko Muntagaa Seek Umar to Ɓoggee, Muritani. Kanko woni taanum Seek Umar gidiiɗo artude Fuuta Tooro. Ɗoon o naati duɗal Ceerno Aamadu Muttaar Saako, ɗoon e wuro Ɓoggee hee. Ko ɗoon o woni haa oon duwanii mo, rokki mo seedantaagal makko. E ngaal seedantaagal, Ceerno Aamadu Muttaar Saako, winndi heen : “miɗo seedtoo wonde alaa fof ko weñii ko njiy-mi e ɓiɗɗo tedduɗo hono Seydu ɓiy Seek Umar (Yo kisal Alla won e makko) e ɗiiɗoo duuɓi 8 ɗi o janngi ɗoo. Ko o woni ɗoo koo fof o nehii ko nehdi almuudo, hay so tawii noon mi haɗiino mo ɗuum sabu hiisaade o ummii ko ɗo teddi, so e Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu, kono o jaabii kam, o wiyi wonaa miin o waɗanta ɗuum, ko hoore makko o gollantoo. Gila nde nan-mi ɗuum e hunuko makko, ɓernde am deeƴi, nduwani-moo-mi udditaare hakkille e ganndal nafowal. Mi seerataa e duwanaade mo jamma e ñalawma mbele Alla ina moƴƴa e makko, rokka mo balɗe juutɗe, o wona cuɓaaɗo hakkunde yimɓe, ɗo o waawi wonde fof.” Seedantaagal ngal siifaa ko ñalnde 5 sulyee 1916 (10 Saabaan 1332 Hijriyya). Kilifaagal makko Nde o ummii Ɓoggee, o tiindii Ndar, ɗo o fotti e Ceerno mawɗo ganndo ina wiyee Seek Al Hajji Maalik Sih mo Tiwaawoon (Yo Alla wele mo). O wondi e oon haa sankii e hitaande 1922. Al Hajji Saydu Nuuru Taal ko kalifu jooɗaninooɗo Seek Umar al Fuutiyyu. E oon sifaa o jokkii golle oon fuɗɗinoo to bannge renndo e diine e politik e jotondire. O haɓtiima hakke doole makko. E yonta makko o dariima darnde tiiɗnde, o woni jokkorgal hakkunde juulɓe e laamu koloñaal, ngam reende nafooje mum e hisnude ɗum en, e wallitde waasɓe e famarɓe doole e baayeeji e miskineeɓe. O dariima kadi ngam ɓallondirde miijooji hoohooɓe diine to Senegaal mbele koɗdigal mum en ina wona moƴƴal, pelle diine ɗee kadi mbaawi wondude e deeƴre. O meeɗaa seerde e daranaade jokkere enɗam hakkunde juulɓe e koye mum en, e hakkunde juulɓe e ɓe ngonaa juulɓe kadi. Annduɓe heen mbinndii moƴƴi makko keewɗi ɗii e ɗemngal Arab e ɗemngal Pulaar fof. Hanko fof e heewreede haɗaani mo ɗaccirde mo ndonu mawngu, so nehde baaɗiiko Seek Muntagaa Taal haa waawi lomtaade mo nde o ruttii e joom makko. iwdi Łobez ko galluure nder Poloonya. Demography Internet Łobez BIP Łobez Łobez - You Tube Tourist Information Poloonya Rio de Janeiro ko galluure nder Barazil. Barazil Jost Gippert ko nyannde 12 mars 1956 e nokku wi’eteeɗo Hattingen jibinaa. Nden nokkuure hari ko Winz-Niederwenigern wietenoo. Ko o Allemandjo, experjo "causasiologue", ko wallifotooɗo (winndoowo) profeserjo fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, ko ɗun inni mo "linguiste comparativiste"; himo golla ka universitee Goethe Francfort. Taariki maako E hitaande 1972 o waɗi baccalaureat makko on ka lycee Leibniz, Essen e nder Allemagne. Ontuma, gila 1972 haa 1977 o janngi ka Universitee Marburg e ka "Universitee libre" Berlin; o janngi ton fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, o janngi ɗenɗe Ennduuɓe, ɗenɗe Japoneeɓe et ɗenɗe Sinuwaaɓe. O heɓi Doctorat (PhD) makko on e 1977. Ɗun ko rawnorɗun recherche makko "syntax of infinitival formations in the Indo-European languages". Gila 1977 haa 1990 hari himo jannude, o waɗa recherche, o jonna konferenceji ka universiteeji Berlin, Vienne e Salzburg. Ko o wonnoo Assistant e poste wi’eteeɗo "Oriental Computational Linguistics" e hitaande 1991 o waɗi habilitation makko on ka Universite Bamberg e theme wi’eteeɗo "Iranian loanwords in Armenian and Georgian". Profeser Gippert no jannude "Comparative Linguistics" gila 1994 ka Universitee Goethe Francfort. O tawaama e lamɓe "Gelati Science Academy" (Georgia) gila 1996. Gila 2007 himo jeyaa kadi e lamɓe department "Language" on ka “Academy of Sciences and Humanities” e nder Universitee Berlin-Brandenburg. E 1997 o waɗano Professeur honoraire ka Universitee Sulkhan Saba Orbeliani e nder Tbilisi, leydi Georgie, 2009 o waɗaa Docteur honoraire ka Universitee Ivane Javakhishvili, ɗun kadi e nder Tblisi; E hitaande 2003 o waɗaa kadi Docteur honoraire ka Universitee Shota Rustaveli e nder Batumi, Georgie. Gila o woni Professer fii eɓɓindirgol ɗenɗe, Musee Gippert waɗii rechercheji makko ɓurɗi ɗuuɗude ɗin fii ɗenɗe tawaaɗe e guruppu 'Indo-Europeen' on, fii taariika majji e njuɓɓudi majji; ko ko wi’etee 'general linguistic typology' koo. O ɓuni non fii taskagol ɗenɗe caucasienje ɗen. Sabu nden wakkilaare makko fii ɗen ɗenɗe projet internationalji buy halfinaama mo fii on baŋŋe. Rechercheji makko ɗin ko ɓuri lugginde ko fii themeji: ‘historical linguistics, linguistic typology, electronic text corpora, multimedia language documentation e fii 'electronic manuscript analysis'. Hiimobe Le site de Jost Gippert Faɗɗitaa Yimɓe Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye ko o Lollirɗo kadi Usmaan Dan Fojoo (Hawsare; Shehu Usmanu Ɗan Fodiyo ) maa e ɗemɗe Janane Osman Dan Fodio (1754-1817). Ko Winndiyanke e ardiiɗo dawla Pullo jokkunooɗo ɗatal Sunna laaɓu ngal, hanko o Salinooɗo bidi’a (jillindir ngol diina islaamu e finaa-tawaaji). Nguurndam Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye O jibinaa ko e saare no wi’ee Marata nder (leydi Niiser hannde) e hitaande 1754. Baaba makko laatino ko Tooroodo jeyaaɗo Fummi Haara Demmbuɓe, Fuuta Tooro, leydi Senegaal hannde. Ko Dem wonnoo yettoode musidal maɓɓe. Ko e laawol yaadu Makka baaba Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye wonnoo wondude e seteeɓe, sentere wootere darii e leyɗe Hawsa. Baaba makko lutti ɗon o resi o dañi ɓiɓɓe maako, nder burtibe yaadu dina woni Usman on e minnyirawo maako Muhammad Belly. Oon tuma yaadu Makka ko duuɓi heewɗi ko non yimɓe hiirnaange ɗuuɗuɓe daakorii leyɗe funnaange ronki hewtude Makka ronki yiltaade to iwnoo. Gila nde o wonnoo paykun (cukalel), Sayku Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye woni e janngugol Alqur’aana. Karamoko makko laatino Jibril Ibn Umaar jeyaaɗo e leñol Burdameeɓe maa Tuwaareg’en. Ɓaawo nde o timminoo jannde makko nden, o woni e yiilade e ca’e Hawsaaɓe wano Gobir himo waajoo himo haɗa bid’a e rewugol sanamuuji. Ko non o fuɗɗori darjinde e nder Gobir, yimɓe ɗuuɗuɓe woni e ɗoftaade noddaandu makko haa kanko e yaadiiɓe makko ɓen ɓe fampii jihaadi, ɗum ko e hitaande 1795. Ko non laamɓe Hawsaaɓe ɓen wano on wi’eteeɗo Yunfa ndaari tawi ko maa tiindoda e maɓɓe adal ɓe liɓude laamuuji maɓɓe. E hino ko Dikko Hamdun winndi e on alhaali: Yeddinaaki wonde Seeku Usmaan tuugnoke e musiɓɓe mun caggal nde laamiiɓe hawsa ndoondi konuuji mumen pa’i e juulɓe o tawi feere alaa ko maa o tuugno e musidal makko ngal tawo.. hade makko dañde woɓɓe sabu so wanaa noon o waɗnoo o waawataano noddude jihaadi. Sayku Usmaan feri kañum e yimɓe mun ɓen yaari hedde leyɗe takkiiɗe Gobir fii heɓugol faabo Fulɓe egga-hoɗaaɓe yiilotonooɓe e ɗen nokkuuje. Ɓe woni e pooɗondirgol ɗon haa e hitaande 1808 juulɓe ɓen heɓi poolgal timmungal e nder haɓo Alkalawa, ko e ngon Yunfa sahinɗinaa. Sayku Usmaan woni Amiiru (laamɗo juulɓe) Sokoto, laamateeri tuugiindi e sunna lislaamu laaɓuɗo. E hitaande 1815, laatii Sayku nawyii ronkitii, o halfini laamu ngun ɓiɗɗo makko no wi’ee Ahmadu Bello. Sayku Usmaan maayi Sokoto 1817, ko ɗon kadi o surraa. Battingol Sayku Usmaan Sayku Usmaan wallifino ko heewi: gimɗi e fulfulde, e aarabuure, e hawsaare, kañum e defte diina maa laamu. Wootere e majje ko Ihya us sunna wa ixmadul bid'a. E baŋŋe taariika e polotigi, ko e innde jihaadi makko ndin jihaadiiji go’o kadi fampaa e yoga e nokkuuje Afrik Hiirnaange haa laamateeriiji alsilamaaku wano ɗii ɗoo sincaa: laamateeriiji Maasina (sincuɗo: Seeku Ahmadu), Adamaawa (sincuɗo: Moodibbo Aadama), laamateeri Alahajji Umaru Taal. Nassiji Sokoto Pelaajo Sokoto Fulɓe Yimɓe Naajeeriya Mallum'en Naajeeriya ague de peul Pullo (keewal mum ko Fulɓe) ko lenyol aynooɓe (durooɓe) hoɗuɓe e diiwaanuuji Sahel takko jeereende Sahara. Hiɓe tawee hannde e leyɗe 15 Afirik Hiirnaange, yoga e majje ko Maali, Senegal, Gine haa leyɗe Afirik Hakkundeeri yeru Caad, Ndenndaandi Santrafirik e Sudaan. Ko woni sabu ngool saakitagol ko eggudu ndu aynooɓe ɓen ɗaɓɓiranta naʼi maɓɓe ɗin huɗo e njaram. Hannde non Fulɓe ko ɓuri heewde koo accii nguurndam egga-hoɗa hino tabiti e nokkuure wootere hino jokki... Lire la suite doropo et te une localite de peuls et lobi et mossi doropo se nom de un kolago de puis en 1946 doropo et devenur village de kolago avan que le lobi et peuls vosn arive le peuls et le lobi il so veni a a 1949 pour trouve le kolago en c'est tala le lobi on batut le kolago pour pran de lokalite de doropo et le peuls son arive pour c'est battu avec le lobi plusair mort de lobi et de peuls il son su pare le departema de doropo en de le lobi il son pri de codo et tehini en 1950 le fraicais de couvre le mazorite de lobi merci Monako ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 2.02 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 37.308. Yuroopu Leydi Aserbayjan (az. Azərbaycan) ko leydi e moolanaandi hakkunde Yuroopu e Aasiya. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Aserbayjan yo Baku (az. Bakı). Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 6 600 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2014 yimɓe 9.511.100. Demography Aserbayjan: Demography 1958-2006 Galluure Baku 2.204.200 (2015) Ganja 325.200 Sumqayit 298.000 Gallery Yuroopu Aasiya Leydi Aserbayjan Oseyaaniya duungal. Duungal Laos ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 236.800 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2011 yimɓe 6.477.211. Laamorde nden ko Vientiane. Leydi Aasiya Ciina（中国） ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 9.596.961 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 1.376.049.000. Laamorde nden ko Pekin. Leydi Aasiya Kammbooja ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 181.035 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 15.708.756. Laamorde nden ko Phnom Penh. Kammbooja ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Kammbooja yo Tailannde, Laos, Wiyetnam. Leydi Aasiya Kammbooja Tailannde ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 514.000 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2015 yimɓe 67.976.405. Laamorde nden ko Bangkok. Tailannde ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Tailannde yo Laos, Kammbooja, Malaisie. King : Rama X Leydi Aasiya Nepal ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 147.179 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2012 yimɓe 29.890.686. Laamorde nden ko Katmandou. Leydi Aasiya Michael Joe Jackson (1958). Yimɓe Barazil ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Barazil yo Barazilia. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 8.515.767 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2017 yimɓe 207.660.929. Leydi Aameerik Jorjiya (საქართველო, Sakartvelo) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Aasiya Yunan (gr. Ελλάδα, Elláda) ko leydi e Yuroopu. Leydi Yuroopu Ελλάδα Warsaw (pl. Warszawa) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Poloonya. Labe no jogii hannde 1.748.916 (2016) yimɓe. Demography Internet Warszawa Poloonya Berlin - laamorde (kapital) leydi Almaanya. Labe no jogii hannde 3.520.031 (2015) yimɓe. Internet Berlin Almaanya Tirana (al. Tiranë) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Albaniya. Labe no jogii hannde 418.495 (2011) yimɓe. Internet Tirana Albaniya Andorra la Vella (Andorra) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Anndoora. Labe no jogii hannde 22.886 (2015) yimɓe. Internet Andorra la Vella Anndoora Yerevan (orm. Երևան, Jerewan) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Armaaniya. Labe no jogii hannde 1.066.300 (2013) yimɓe. Internet Yerevan Armaaniya Baku (aze. Bakı) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Aserbayjan. Labe no jogii hannde 2.204.200 (2015) yimɓe. Gallure Internet Baku Aserbayjan Minsk - laamorde (kapital) leydi Belaruusiya. Labe no jogii hannde 1.939.800 (2015) yimɓe. Internet Minsk Belaruusiya Sarayevo - laamorde (kapital) leydi Bosniya e Herzegovina. Internet Sarayevo Bosniya e Herzegovina Brussels - laamorde (kapital) leydi Beljik. Labe no jogii hannde 1.175.173 (2017) yimɓe. Internet Brussels Beljik London - laamorde (Maude) leydi Biritaani-Mawndi. Labe no jogii hannde 8.416.535 (2016) yimɓe. Internet www.london.gov.uk/ Biritaani-Mawndi Sofia (bg. София) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Bulgariya. Labe no jogii hannde 1.286.383 (2015) yimɓe. Demography Internet Sofia Bulgariya Sankii e saawiyee 2017 Sankii e feebariyee 2017 Décès en mars 2017 Décès en avril 2017 Décès en mai 2017 Décès en juin 2017 Décès en juillet 2017 Décès en août 2017 Décès en septembre 2017 Décès en octobre 2017 Décès en novembre 2017 Décès en décembre 2017 Prague (cz. Praha) laamorde (kapital) leydi Cekiya. Labe no jogii hannde 1.267.449 (2015) yimɓe. Yimɓe Internet Prague Cekiya Ouagadougou (mos. Wagadugu) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Burkina Faso. Labe no jogii hannde 2.200.000 (2015) yimɓe. Gallery Internet Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Bannjulu (en. Banjul) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Gammbi. Labe no jogii hannde 34.828 (2013) yimɓe. Gallery Internet Banjul.info Gammbi Akra (en. Accra) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Gana. Labe no jogii hannde 2.291.352 (2013) yimɓe. Gallery Internet Accra Gana Atalantik Baharu Atalantik (Oseyan Atilanti) (en. Atlantic Ocean): 106.460.000 km². Hiimoɓe Baharu Bisaawo (pt. Bissau) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Gine-Bisaawo. Labe no jogii hannde 492.004 (2015) yimɓe. Gallery Gine-Bisaawo Monrovia - laamorde (kapital) leydi Labiriyaa. Labe no jogii hannde 1.118.264 (2012) yimɓe. Labiriyaa Bamako - laamorde (kapital) leydi Maali. Labe no jogii hannde 1.926.748 (2012) yimɓe. Maali Šiprage (al. Шипраге) - leydi Bosniya e Herzegovina. Labe no jogii hannde 788 (2013) yimɓe. Climat Population Galleria Webnet http://opstinakotorvaros.com/ http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx http://www.maplandia.com/bosnia-and-herzegovina/republika-srpska/siprage/ Maplandia http://www.satellitecitymaps.com/europe-map/bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/federation-of-bosnia-and-herzegovina-map/%C5%A1iprage-map/ http://www.distancesfrom.com/distance-from-Siprage-to-Banja-Luka-Bosna-i-Hercegovina/DistanceHistory/5243320.aspx http://www.udaljenosti.com/bosna/- Distances in B&H Bosniya e Herzegovina Tappirde ko dendangal alkule dendinaaɗe e nder alluwal ngam waawde windirde ɗum he ordinateere walla noddirgel Roubaix ko galluure nder woyla Faransi. Mbertudi berni ndin ko km², jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe . Faransi Pari - () laamorde (kapital) leydi Faransi. Labe no jogii hannde (2014) yimɓe. Internet www.paris.fr Faransi Rom - laamorde (kapital) leydi Italiya. Labe no jogii hannde (2016) yimɓe. Internet www.comune.roma.it Italiya Donald John Trump (1946-) 45th President Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (2017-2021). Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Yimɓe Yéesu Krista Yimɓe jibinande Abdul Kariim Watt jibinaa ko wuru Dimat Waalo hitaande 1954 galle baab Sana'en. Addi ɗum taw baaba makko Bubkar Sire Watt ina woni toon. Kon, fooɓre maako e tigi rigi ko Duye. Asko Abdul kariim ɓi Bubkar sire ɓi Joom Sire ɓi Joom Alarba ɓi Bubkar ɓi Moodi ɓi Faatim Ma'aad ko ɗo o fottata e galle Seek umar taal. jaŋde Ceerno Abdul dalii jaŋde ko ɗo baabmum ɗo haa o yetii simoore Al_rahmaane. Caggal ɗuum o ɓennii Dakaar ngam jokkoydi janŋde to galle Ceerno Alsan kajjat ko toon o ñiiɓi duuɓi jeenayi tumnde ceerno Alssane ruttii e joome mum. ko ndeen o yehii Ndar —Saint Louis jooni— to galle Ceerno Yuusuf Sy Caggal ɗum o yiɗii fayande Muritani ngam jaŋoydi Arab kon baab makko jaɓaani sab ɓuranno ɗum ko yoo jooɗo o jaŋngina duɗal sab yahooɓe ɓe caggal leydi jaŋoydi so ko ɓe ngartii ɓe paamandirtaa e yimɓe ɓe. E balla geno mowɗo Aamdu Tijjani Paam jaggi heen haa baab makko jaɓii. O naatii jaŋde duɗal toowngal Arab (Lycce Arabe) ko 1979. Caggal ɗum o dañii bursu Ngam yahande Irak haa jaaɓi haattirde. seeremɓe makko Ceerno Abdul jaŋii e seremɓe nayo. _Ceerno Bubkar Sire Watt (baab makko). _Ceerno Alsan Kajjat Dakaar. _Ceerno Yuusuf Sih Ndar. _Ceerno Suleymaan Mbooci deftre Makaam. E ballala Alla o heɓii duwuneede e dañde korso heeriingo ummaade e seeremɓe makko. O ñamitinii binndol laba ngol ko e ceerno Baydi bah. Almuuɓe makko Yaltii e junggo ceerno ummaade 1992 haa jooni almuuɓe heewɓe; ma'en limtu heen tan seeɗa ɓurɓi lollude: ceerno Aamdu mutagaa sek Gurel Kelle, ceerno Seydooyi Sal Mbaraan, Ceerno Ablaay jallo lobbudu, Suleymaan Jibi Sall Lisa, Moodi Sal, Mommodu Seydu Aaw Muritani, Muhammed Sal Dagan, Abdu Sal, Abu sal e Yuuri Balla Draame Gabon. Meccal _O waɗii ekkitagol larme 1984/1985 haa o heɓii soowoore SuLiyetna kon noon e hitaand 1991 (ewenma Moritani) o ɓoorii wutti larme o fayanii Senegaal addini mo sokeede hitaande timmunde e lebbi to laamorgo leydi senegaal ngam huleede taw o wanaa ñukkinantooɗo lesdi Moritani . _Hitaande 1992 o udditii duɗal Quraan haa jooni. _Imaam jumaa Duye. Miijooji makko Ceerno Abdul jeyaa ko e suufiyankooɓe askitiniiɓe e seek Aamadu Tijjani(1737-1815) Marok Golle makko Nate Yimɓe ko saare toksere wonnde hedde Podoor goɗal 12 km jeyaande e peccal Ndar Senegaal tumɓɓinde hakkonde maaje ɗiɗi: maayo senegal e maayo Duye Taariik mayre Duye cosaa ko hitaande 1200i Fooɓre inde Duye habraama wonde ummii ko e inde Duunde Nguurndam renndoyankooru ko miijitooɗo senegaalnaajo Golle Nations nègres et culture : de l'Antiquité nègre égyptienne aux problèmes culturels de l'Afrique noire d'aujourd'hui, 1954; ISBN 2708706888. L'unité culturelle de l'Afrique noire, 1959; ISBN 2708704060 L'Antiquité africaine par l'image, Paris, Présence africaine; ISBN 2708706594. L'Afrique noire précoloniale. Étude comparée des systèmes politiques et sociaux de l'Europe et de l'Afrique noire de l'Antiquité à la formation des États modernes ; ISBN 2708704796. Les fondements culturels, techniques et industriels d'un futur État fédéral d'Afrique noire, 1960; réédité par Présence africaine sous le titre Les fondements économiques et culturels d'un État fédéral d'Afrique Noire, 2000; ISBN 2708705350. Antériorité des civilisations nègres : mythe ou vérité historique ?, Paris, Présence Africaine, 1967; ISBN 2708705628. Parenté génétique de l'égyptien pharaonique et des langues négro-africaines, Dakar-Abidjan, Nouvelles éditions africaines, 1977 Civilisation ou barbarie, Paris, Présence africaine, 1981; ISBN 2708703943. Nouvelles recherches sur l'égyptien ancien et les langues africaines modernes, Paris, Présence africaine, 1988 (ouvrage posthume). Notes et références Notes Yimɓe ndar ko nokku e senegaal Senegal Page utilisant P27
Suleymaane Basiir ( Souleymane Bachir Diagne ) jaañ ko filosof senegaalnaajo , jibinaaɗo hitaande 1955 to Ndar. Ko o ceerno ɗemngal Farayse to jaaɓi haatirde kolombiya Columbia. O heertorii ko taariik gannde e filosofi lislaam. Nguurndam makko. Nguurndam Golle  1989 : Boole, 1815-1864 - L’oiseau de nuit en plein jour, Éditions Belin, Paris. 1991 : Logique pour philosophes, Éditions NEAS, Dakar. 1996 : The cultural question in Africa (avec Henri Ossébi), Éditions Codesria, Dakar. 2001 : Islam et société ouverte : la fidélité et le mouvement dans la philosophie d’Iqbal, Éditions Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris/Codesria, Dakar. 2001 : Reconstruire le sens. Textes et enjeux de prospectives africaines, Éditions Codesria, Dakar. 2002 : 100 mots pour dire l’Islam, Éditions Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris. 2002 : 100 palabras para explicar el Islam, Éditions El Barquero, Barcelone. 2007 : Léopold Sédar Senghor : L'art africain comme philosophie, Riveneuve Éditions. 2008 : Comment philosopher en islam ?, Éditions du Panama. 2011 : Bergson postcolonial - L'élan vital dans la pensée de Léopold Sédar Senghor et de Mohamed Iqbal, CNRS 2016: Ma vie en islam, Edition Philippe Rey Hiimoɓe  Entretien avec Souleymane Bachir Diagne : "Senghor et la question qui se pose toujours" "New York-Paris-Dakar: une philosophie en mouvement" - émission sur France Culture, 27.01.2016 carte fii bamgal andougol hakeedji mo kaala neddo e der leydi anassara niande wootere bhe innidoun Carte di Nice bhe yaltinimo niande lebbi sapoydidi 2000 der Nice doun ko der leydi France dimmitell moon bhe bourti fewnougol niande lebbi sapoydidi  2007  der Strasbourg doun ko der leydi France.ko houndoun siffi fii den carte Nice :ko firti ko fii mo kalla yo andou hakedji moon e der leydi Erope. hakedjidin wonni hondi Tedougal (gilla 1-5); Wonougol libr (gilla. 6-19); Fotougol (gilla. 20-26); Walidirgol (gilla. 27-38); Innorde leydhi (gilla. 39-46); Niawoore dhe bontataa (gilla. 47-50). Note gebal laral («Ius soli» e bi'ol Laten ) ko bi'ol laamu pirtowol dañal lawlal ngenndi  gila nde njibineda ko nder hello ngo foti lawlal jinnabe.No seerti e bi'ol gebal geyngol («ius sanguinis»), pirtowol ronde lawlal jinnabe mum .[./Ius_soli#cite_note-min-1] ngenndi kewdi e Aameerik kutorto gebal laral  woo yoga sarti  ngoni: Stati Uniti, Kanada e Aameerik ñaamo. yoga ngenndi  hono Yuroopu (Faransi, Almaanya, Irlannda e Biritaani-Mawndi) kokiratt  lawlal diggi gebal laral (ius soli), e sarti. Ordinamenti Francia  Antigua e Barbuda  Argentina  Barbados  Belize  Bolivia  Barazil  Canada Costa Rica : richiede la registrazione al governo di Costa Rica prima dei 25 anni di età. Dominica Dowlaaji Dentuɗi: Il XIV emendamento della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America prevede che "tutte le persone nate o naturalizzate negli Stati Uniti, e soggetti alla giurisdizione della stessa, sono cittadini degli Stati Uniti e dello Stato in cui risiedono." La frase "soggetti alla giurisdizione della stessa" esclude i bambini nati da diplomatici stranieri e figli nati da forze nemiche impegnate in occupazione nemica del territorio del paese. Ecuador El Salvador Fiiji Grenada Guatemala Guyana Honduras Jamaica Lesotho Messico Nicaragua Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts e Nevis Santa Lucia Saint Vincent e Grenadine Tanzania Trinidad e Tobago Tuvalu Uruguay Venezuela Sariye Siligo - ko galluure nder Sardiniya, Italiya. Labe no jogii hannde (2014) yimɓe. Internet Italiya Selection order Gryfice ko galluure nder Poloonya. Poloonya David Woodard (1964-). Notes et références Références Lien externe BnF: cb16616878t GND: 1014196620 ISNI: 0000 0003 5593 5615 VIAF: 174755630 WorldCat Identities: 174755630 Yimɓe Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Eɓɓo hello Madiina Gunaas e ɗemngal Pulaar-Fulfulde wonngo e hebleede e ballal Goomu Wikipedia mo Madiina Gunaas, Senegaal. Wertaango Tolnorde Lesdiwal Wiimol Ɗowgu Ɗowgu laamu Meeri Perefee Ɗowgu Diine e aada Daartol Alhajji Muhammadu Said Bah (RTA) Galle ceerno Diina Daakaa Jaŋde e Nehdi Cellal Faggudu Gure catiiɗe Renndo Senegal Offenbach (ˈɔfn̩bax) ko galluure nder Almaanya. Labe no jogii hannde 126.658 (2017) yimɓe. Internet Offenbach am Main Almaanya Monte Águila, Ciile Ciile Japan ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 377.915 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 126.330.302. Leydi Aasiya People's Republic of China（中华人民共和国） ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 9,600,000 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 140.330.302.0 GURE AAÑAM 11 TO FUUTA TOORO Iwrude Fuɗnaange: 1 - Aañam Balanaaɓe (Agnam Balanabe) 2 - Aañam Tulel calle (Agnam Toulel thialle) 3 - Aañam Yeroyaaɓe (Agnam Yeroyabe) 4 - Aañam Mberla ( Agnam Mberla) 5 - Aañam Godo ( Agnam Godo) 6 - Aañam Siwol ( Agnam Sivol) 7 - Aañam Siñu siree mato ( Agnam Sinthiou cire mato) 8 - Aañam Wuro siree ( Agnam Ouro cire) 9 - Aañam Coɗay ( Agnam Thiodaye) 10-Aañam Liiduɓe (Agnam Lidoube) 11-Aañam Goli (Agnam Goly) JAŊDE PULAAR E PINAL PULAAGU 1 -Pulareeje - Gawlaali - Fulo - Mbayla 2 -Daartol - Diine - Finaa-tawaa - Koɗdigal 3 -Pinal - Yimiyaŋkaagal - Ñeeñal - Gannde kese 4 -Saggito - Ngaddiin - Jiggoore - Saayo gowlaali 5 -Hirjino - Waggino - Jeertino - Jokkere enɗam 6 -Renndo - Faandu almuudo - Cariika 7 -Cellal - Coftal - Fasinnaaji - Gunndowal HOLI IBRAAHIIMA UMAR KAN - KATANTE LEÑOL ? 1 -Ko o Pullo mo Fuuta tooro to hiirnaange Afrik 2 -Wuro maɓɓe wiyatee ko Aañam Yeroyaaɓe he nder Boosoya 3 -Ko o winndiyaŋko Pulaar - wiɗtiyaŋko - Yeewtiyaŋko - Magiyaŋko 4 -Ko o ngenndiyaŋko - Diineyaŋko - Dawriyaŋko 5 -Ko o kaɓantooɗo potal leƴƴi - Potal kinɗe e jojjanɗe aadee... 6- Ko o cuusɗo kuɗol, newnanaaɗo konngol, tiiɗaaɗo giɗgol 7- Ko o keewɗo njurum - joom pellital - Ɗowtiiɗo piɓondiral GERNGAL JANYANTE HE CEŊƊE NGUURNDAM Ngal gerngal ko ngam roɓindaade geɗe ceertuɗe he ceŋɗe nguurndam Etorde faggaade e ñaaltindaade kaɓirɗe ngam payndale ceertuɗe....... In Brasilië is gatonet 'n term wat verwys na ongemagtigde ontvangs van die betaaltelevisie-sein. Net in daardie land het ongeveer 7 miljoen mense in Augustus 2013 kabel-TV gekyk sonder om maandelikse fooie te betaal, net onder NET, destyds die markleier met bykans 9 miljoen intekenare, maar bo die derde plek, Sky Brasil, dan met vyf miljoen. [1] Volgens 'n studie van die Business Bureau, verteenwoordig onwettige verbindings 41% van die formele betaaltelevisie-mark. [2] modaliteite== Daar is verskillende soorte ongemagtigde ontvangs van die betaaltelevisie-sein. Van die algemeenste is die installering van ekstra kabels en dekodeerders, wat gebruik maak van 'n betalende gebruikersverbinding, sowel as die installering van 'n paar satellietskottels wat gekombineer word met spesiale dekodeerders soos Cinebox, AZBox, duosat, freesky, globalsat-ontvangers. , alphasat en AZAmerica, kan toegang kry tot DTH-tipe kanale, dit wil sê betaalde kanale van satelliet-TV-ondernemings. Seindeling Een van die mees algemene voorwaardes is die installering van ekstra kabels vanaf 'n betalende gebruikersaansluiting. [3] wat algemeen lank gelede beoefen is, het die Gravataí-siviele polisie die eienaar in hegtenis geneem van 'n webwerf wat seerowerde betaal-TV-dekodeerders verkoop het, www.aztvplus.com.br, [17] wat in sy naam 'n verwysing na een van die belangrikste toestelle vir die beoefening van gatonet genoem het: die AZBox. “Daar kan nie gesê word dat daar 'n krisis in die bedryf is nie, want die betalende gebruikersbasis groei steeds. Maar sonder twyfel doen seerowery die hele ketting baie skade. [18] " —Antônio Salles, direkteur van die National Union of Pay-TV Providers en voorwaardelike toegangsdienste Al Hajji Buu El Mogdaad Sek (1826-1880) ko mawɗo firooɓe ɗemɗe e waggiyaŋke goferneeruji ɗowgu njiimaandi to Senegaal, tuggi e Auguste-Léopold Protet e hitaande 1853 haa Louis Brière de l'Isle e 1880, kam e Louis Faidherbe mo o wonnoo keedoowo mum koolaaɗo. Ciimtol Nguurmdam Bou El Mogdad ummii ko e galle mawɗo ndarnaaɓe ɓadiiɗo laamu njiimaandi tuubakooɓe. . Ko o keunum Hamet Ndiaye Ann, ǧaadii dowrowo ñaawirdu juulɓe mo Faidherbe toɗɗii. Bou El Mogdad adinoo wonde ko korhoro ǧaadii oo, kisa, nde oon waɗti heewreede golle ñaawooje ɗee, o wonti gaadii kaŋko ne . Duuɓi noogaas ko kaŋko woni nantinoowo, binndoowo e piranoowo laamu Senegaal e ɗemngal arabeeere, omo teskaa e wonde-mo baawɗo renndinde diine makko Lislaam e ɗooftaagol makko laamu njiimaandi nguu. Kadi ko o jilyiilo ɗoftoowo Vincent e nder Adrar (Muritani) tuggi Siilo haa Korse 1860, kono tawtoreede ɗum ufuse katolik addii heen tuumamuuya kisa lappol ngol laataaki. Ɓe korii yettaade Atar e Chinguetti. Buu El Mogdaad kisa ɗoon aadondiri e maɓɓe addude ballal mum ngam waɗde ngol-ɗoon lappol tacco-saharaa so naattude e wutte hajjiyaŋke gonɗo e laawol feewde Makka. E oon tuma, laamu nguu ena wondi e ngoƴa mawka baɗte doolnugol gowole jihaadi de Alahajji Sayku Umar Taal kadi ena sikki nde Buu El Mogdaad arti arti kala ena kufii tiitoonde Al Hajji – ko weeɓaano oon sahaa e Afrik ɓaleeri – ena gasa ɗum wonana ɓeydaare e njiimaandi Farayse e dow Sénégal, ko ɗum kadi kaŋko o miijii : « Ngol kajjugol ena waawi ɓeyda ngartam sabu maa annde ko e njiimaandi Farayse ngol waɗi ». Hay sinno ngol-ɗoon lappol alaa ko addi e ngartam wonande jilyilooji palɗe taccaaɗe ɗee, ngol heɓii yuɓɓineede no haanirta kadi Buu El Mogdaad arti e Sénégal e maayirɗe 1861. E hitaande 1869 o jeyaama e lappi walla nulanɗe 22 kisa, caggal duuɓi 23 golle e ɗooftagol, o toɗɗaa ufuse e Légion d'honneur. Buu El Mogdaad yalti golle laamu e 1879 rewi heen lebbi seeɗa, e 1880, o toɗɗaa tamsiir e ǧadi to Sen-Liwi. O saŋkii ko e ndeen hitaande. Galle ɓooyɗo, gonɗo wiidnde, ɗo o hoɗnoo kadi ɗo o jaɓɓotonoo seerenɓe ummotooɓe Muritani nana sara tufnde Roume, e collo ko wonnoo mbedda Boufflers, hannde mbedda Duudou Sek Buu El Mogdaad. Buu El Mogdaad ko innde laana mbaɗatnooka rusooji marsandiis e yimɓe e maayo Senegaall hakkunde 1950 e 1970. Hannde mbaɗtaaka laana kaymbal, ka nawat yilliyaŋkooɓe to Sen-Liwi, to Parc national des oiseaux du Djoudj, to Richard-Toll, Dagana e Podor. Ciife e duttorɗe Yiy ɗee Binndanɗe nannduɗe Afrique-Occidentale française Histoire du Sénégal Ciimtoordam (en) Benjamin N. Lawrance, Emily Lynn Osborn et Richard L. Roberts, (dir.), Intermediaries, interpreters, and clerks: African employees in the making of colonial Africa, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisc., 2006, VIII-332 p. (ISBN 0-299-21950-X) Yves-Jean Saint-Martin, Le Sénégal sous le Second Empire, Karthala, Paris, 2000, p. 268-270 (ISBN 2865372014) Jokkorɗe « Voyage dans l’Adrar et retour à Saint-Louis, 1860, par M. Vincent, capitaine d’Etat-Major », Le Tour du monde, 1er semestre 1861, p. 49-64 en ligne sur Gallica « Voyage par terre entre le Sénégal et le Maroc », Revue maritime et coloniale, mai 1861, p. 477-494 en ligne sur Gallica Buu el mogdaad Sen-liwi Ndar Maayɗo 1880 Daartol senegaal Bul muttaar Podoor Dagana Laana Hayyoo bul Laanel julaaɓe Yimɓe Senegaal Senegaal Pelaajo Senegaal Al Hajji Buu El Mogdaad Sek (1826-1880) ko mawɗo firooɓe ɗemɗe e waggiyaŋke goferneeruji ɗowgu njiimaandi to Senegaal, tuggi e Auguste-Léopold Protet e hitaande 1853 haa Louis Brière de l'Isle e 1880, kam e Louis Faidherbe mo o wonnoo keedoowo mum koolaaɗo. Ciimtol Nguurmdam Bou El Mogdad ummii ko e galle mawɗo ndarnaaɓe ɓadiiɗo laamu njiimaandi tuubakooɓe. . Ko o keunum Hamet Ndiaye Ann, ǧaadii dowrowo ñaawirdu juulɓe mo Faidherbe toɗɗii. Bou El Mogdad adinoo wonde ko korhoro ǧaadii oo, kisa, nde oon waɗti heewreede golle ñaawooje ɗee, o wonti gaadii kaŋko ne . Duuɓi noogaas ko kaŋko woni nantinoowo, binndoowo e piranoowo laamu Senegaal e ɗemngal arabeeere, omo teskaa e wonde-mo baawɗo renndinde diine makko Lislaam e ɗooftaagol makko laamu njiimaandi nguu. Kadi ko o jilyiilo ɗoftoowo Vincent e nder Adrar (Muritani) tuggi Siilo haa Korse 1860, kono tawtoreede ɗum ufuse katolik addii heen tuumamuuya kisa lappol ngol laataaki. Ɓe korii yettaade Atar e Chinguetti. Buu El Mogdaad kisa ɗoon aadondiri e maɓɓe addude ballal mum ngam waɗde ngol-ɗoon lappol tacco-saharaa so naattude e wutte hajjiyaŋke gonɗo e laawol feewde Makka. E oon tuma, laamu nguu ena wondi e ngoƴa mawka baɗte doolnugol gowole jihaadi de Alahajji Sayku Umar Taal kadi ena sikki nde Buu El Mogdaad arti arti kala ena kufii tiitoonde Al Hajji – ko weeɓaano oon sahaa e Afril ɓaleeri – ena gasa ɗum wonana ɓeydaare e njiimaandi Farayse e dow Sénégal, ko ɗum kadi kaŋko o miijii : « Ngol kajjugol ena waawi ɓeyda ngartam sabu maa annde ko e njiimaandi Farayse ngol waɗi ». Hay sinno ngol-ɗoon lappol alaa ko addi e ngartam wonande jilyilooji palɗe taccaaɗe ɗee, ngol heɓii yuɓɓineede no haanirta kadi Buu El Mogdaad arti e Sénégal e maayirɗe 1861. E hitaande 1869 o jeyaama e lappi walla nulanɗe 22 kisa, caggal duuɓi 23 golle e ɗooftagol, o toɗɗaa ufuse e Légion d'honneur. Buu El Mogdaad yalti golle laamu e 1879 rewi heen lebbi seeɗa, e 1880, o toɗɗaa tamsiir e ǧadi to Sen-Liwi. O saŋkii ko e ndeen hitaande. Galle ɓooyɗo, gonɗo wiidnde, ɗo o hoɗnoo kadi ɗo o jaɓɓotonoo seerenɓe ummotooɓe Muritani nana sara tufnde Roume, e collo ko wonnoo mbedda Boufflers, hannde mbedda Duudou Sek Buu El Mogdaad. Buu El Mogdaad ko innde laana mbaɗatnooka rusooji marsandiis e yimɓe e maayo Senegaall hakkunde 1950 e 1970. Hannde mbaɗtaaka laana kaymbal, ka nawat yilliyaŋkooɓe to Sen-Liwi, to Parc national des oiseaux du Djoudj, to Richard-Toll, Dagana e Podor. Ciife e duttorɗe Yiy ɗee Binndanɗe nannduɗe Afrique-Occidentale française Histoire du Sénégal Ciimtoordam (en) Benjamin N. Lawrance, Emily Lynn Osborn et Richard L. Roberts, (dir.), Intermediaries, interpreters, and clerks: African employees in the making of colonial Africa, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisc., 2006, VIII-332 p. (ISBN 0-299-21950-X) Yves-Jean Saint-Martin, Le Sénégal sous le Second Empire, Karthala, Paris, 2000, p. 268-270 (ISBN 2865372014) Jokkorɗe « Voyage dans l’Adrar et retour à Saint-Louis, 1860, par M. Vincent, capitaine d’Etat-Major », Le Tour du monde, 1er semestre 1861, p. 49-64 en ligne sur Gallica « Voyage par terre entre le Sénégal et le Maroc », Revue maritime et coloniale, mai 1861, p. 477-494 en ligne sur Gallica Buu el mogdaad Sen-liwi Ndar Maayɗo 1880 Daartol senegaal Bul muttaar Podoor Dagana Laana Hayyoo bul Laanel julaaɓe Moodibbo Adama Kanko Woni Adama ɓii Arɗo Hasan maa Moodibbo Adama o ɗanyaama hitaande 1786 haa hoɗannde wi'eteende Wuro Cekke o wurtii ibgo leñol Ba'en nder leƴƴi Fulɓe o laatake aahiijo tilimɗo. Moye wi'ete Moodibbo Adama? O jaŋngi haa wuro wi'iteengo Gajargamu laamorde Bornu, dawla Koole'en (leñol bi'eteengol kadi Kanuri) ɓaawo mum o yahri lesdi Hawsaaɓe o jokkiti jaŋnde maako diina lislaamu e banngal Ceerno Usmaan Ɓii Fooduye. Nden o jaŋngi haa o takkanaa waccoore teddungal "moodibbo". Tawi o  laatake konoowo dow laawol Jawmiraawo ngam laynugo diina lislaamu. Nde o warti saare boo ibgo Gajargamu Ceerno Usmaan Ɓii Foodiye hokki mo iililal (tuutawal, raaya, deesewal) ngam o hoota faa banngeere muum fommbinaare o ardoo jihaadi, nden o lammini mo laamaago "Laamiiɗo Fommbina". Moodibbo Adama warti haa banngeere fommbina o tiggi (sinci) dawla maako bee duŋgayeere Ɓii Fooduye, Adama honi heeferɓe Manndara'en haa laamorde maɓɓe Dulo dow kooseeje Manndara amma neeɓaay ɓe keɓti wuro maɓɓe ngam juulɓe ngeebii jaalagal (poolgu) mum'en, ɓaawo man boo o tokkitini tokkuki maayo ngoon wi'eteengo maayo Benuwe e jihaadi maako, heeferɓe ɗuuɗɓe ngartani diina lislaamu nder jihaadi maako bana Ɓata'en e Bere'en e ko nanndi e maɓɓe. Aran nii Moodibbo Adama fuɗɗi tigguki wuro Ribaaɗo no ngo laatoo laamorde maako, ɓaawo man boo o tiggi wuro Joɓoli, haa ragare (timmoode, sakkitorde) boo o tiggi galluure Ƴoola hitaande 1841 laatiinde laamorde diiwal Adamaawa hannde. yalji Moodibbo Adama ɗonno mari rewɓe nayo, kamɓe ngoni: Sata Jam, Yasebo, Hammare, Jahra, nden o ɗon mari ɓiɓɓe sappo e nayo kamɓe ngoni: Lawal, Usman, Mansur, Umar Faɗimatu, Addo Gurin, Hawwa'u, Hamidu, Bakari, Halliru, Jubayru Aliyu, Hamma, Sani, Bobbo Aamadu. Moodibbo Adama hooti saare goonga hitaande 1847 haa nder wuro Ƴoola, ko ɗon kadi o qabrinaa. Ɓii maako afo Muhammadu Lawal roni mo, jooni dawla maako ɗon feccaa hakkunde lesɗe nayi: Naajeeriya, Kamarun, Caad e Afirk Cakaari. Yoo Allah hinno mo yaafo mo. Faɗɗitaa DeLancey, Mark W., and DeLancey, Mark Dike (2000): Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon (3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: The Scarecrow Press. Fanso, V. G. (1989). Cameroon History for Secondary Schools and Colleges, Vol. 1: From Prehistoric Times to the Nineteenth Century. Hong Kong: Macmillan Education Ltd. Johnston, H. A. S. (1967): The Fulani Empire of Sokoto. Chapter 8: "The Jihad in Adamawa and Bauchi". London: Oxford University Press. Ngoh, Victor Julius (1996): History of Cameroon Since 1800. Limbe: Presbook. Njeuma, Martin Z. (1990): "The lamidates of northern Cameroon, 1800–1894", Introduction to the History of Cameroon in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Palgrave MacMillan. {{DEFAULTSORT} Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Adamawa Fulfulde Naajeeriya Ngigili Ngigili ko lekki tokoosi, ki toowataa maasinta bano lesɗe goɗɗe ɗee (njuuteendi ndii ko gila meeteraaji 2 haa 4), puɗoohi e lesɗe Afirik teeŋtii non e baŋŋe Saahal. Innde makki e ɗemngal lateŋ ko Boscia senegalensis. Ɗum ko gigile wiyetee. Ina woodii kadibo wiyooɓe ɗum gijile: fof ina sella ; lekki ɓesnoohi ɗum noon, ina wiyee ngigili/ngijili. Ki ɗuuɗii fuɗugo ko he kooseeje teeŋti he dow baaɗe. Ɗum nguuɓon-nguuɓon nih. Fuɗngo ngon kadi, hina hasii nafoore sanne-sanne illa he ɗaɗi ɗii mum hah e haako koo. 1- Potte, woɗɓe ina mbiya, sirɓillooje (e baɗal sirɓaago) wonii ɓiɓɓe ngigili kin. ko ɗum oolum; eɗum ñawnda kadibo reedu neɗɗo muusooru. Kono ndefu gigile, hah hewta ƴakkeego ɗum, wonaa ko weeɓii nde tawnoo ko ɗum kaaɗɗum kaanduɗum haaɗtineego kadi foddeeko ɗum mukkee : eɗum ɗuuɗii haaɗtinireego kadi he cekkiri wonii ndoondi gawƴe (ƴommbe) walla ndoondi lekki ngoɗki nduppaaki ina wiyee kojoli ekn... 2- Looci ngigili noon kadi, ina waɗiree cobbal ina yardiree nde tawnoo ƴiƴe mum ɗee ko dakmuɗe bano njuumam nih . Kono siro koo huftetee tawon: "Ko ɗum tafii bahbahɓe ɓee, so mboowii ɗum tan, weeɓantaa ɓe selugo ɗum no feewi etee, ko ɗum nannduɗum he ñebbe daneeje ɗe ɓe mboowii hasitoraago ɗee''. 3- To baŋŋal ɗaɗi ngigili ɗin noon, hay kañji, eɗi mballa tagoodi no feewi: - Ɗaɗi ngigili kadi ina coofnee njaree ngam ñawdiraago yoga e ñabbuli goɗɗi bano ɓuuddi-caayoori he ɓanndu neɗɗo walla ndaaba ngoɗmba; Sofnere muuɗum ndee, ina ɗuuɗii jillondireegoo he ɗaɗi leɗɗe goɗɗe bano ɗaɗi koomb-hoombi walla juuta-enɗi-hi hono Fulɓe woɗɓe innirta ki nih: Ko ɗaɗi lekki ɗiɗmi kii ɓurata ɗuɗɗineego he nder soofnere ndee ngam no ɗum foolira kaaɗeengi ngi ɗaɗi ngigili ɗiya ɗin nde tawnoo ko ɗi kaaɗɗi sanne-sanne haa fantii. -Ɗaɗi ngigili ina nafa fahinita to baŋŋal goraagu neɗɗo: ina ɓesdana ɗum kadi semmbe masitinta; ɗuum noon, ina soofniree nder baalɗe tati, eɗum soofnidee kadibo he goɗɗum ina wiyee gile he cube: geeyeteeɗum he luuɓe meeɗen. 4- Hay kadi haako gigile he licce mum he siro mum ɗuum, naʼi he babbi e daabaaji goɗɗi ina ɗuuɗii ñaamugo ɗum no feewi teeŋti e yaakere ceeɗu so sattii haa heege ukkike. Wallifii ɗum ko Abdulaahi Bello Jallo. Tuugnorɗe (tiimtorɗe): Humpito ngon ƴoogaama he kunndule seernaaɓe meeɗen tilimɓe ɓe Duɗal meeɗen waɗsap ina wiyee Duɗal Fulfulde. kamɓe ngonii: Ahmad Demmbo Boli (Pullo maasinaŋke joodiiɗo Dubay); Elh Yuusuf Dikko ( Pullo maasinaŋke fahinta jooɗiiɗo Njiddah); Yero Demmba Jallo (Pullo Fuutaŋke gonɗo Fuuta-Tooro/baŋŋal Senegal). Colombia ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Colombia yo Bogotá. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.142.748 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2019 yimɓe 50.372.424. Leydi Aameerik Bogotá ko galluure nder Colombia. Colombia Kanada (en. Canada) ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Kanada yo Otawa. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 9.984.670 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2016 yimɓe 35.151.728. Leydi Aameerik Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文,1956) 7th President Taiwan (2016-). Taiwan Yimɓe Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara (Faranse: Chérif Mohamed Aly Aïdara), heɓaama e hitaande 1959, to Saare Daarul Hijrati, nde ko Baaba mum cincinde ko oon woni: Sariif Hasan Haydara, to worgo Senegaal. Sariif Aliyyu Haydara jeya ko e Ɓesngu sarifaaɓe teddu-ɓe, Ahlul bayti Nelaaɗo mo jam e kisal woni e mum en. Baaba makko woni Sariif Alhasan Haydara. (Asli mum ko Muritani jeyaaɗo e hinnde Arab anndiraande Laglaal lol-lunde nder muritani) ummiiɗo e kiliifa men: Idriis Al Alawi Al Idriisii (cincuɗo dowla Idriisiyanke to Magrib e Nana Afrik) O askitintoo ko e Imaam Al Hasan ɓiy Aliyyu Ibnu Abii Ɗaalib yo jam e kisal won e mum. Neene makko woni: Maymuuna Jaawo. Ɓiy Seydu Jaawo. Gooto e mawɓe lenyol Fulɓe. Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara na jogii nasiyonaalji ɗiɗi: mbo Muritani e mbo Senegaal. Hombo waawi haalde e winndude ɗemɗe winndere - yankooje guurɗe keewɗe hono: Arab, Faranse e Angale. Ko noon kadi ɗemngal Pulaar e Olof. Golle makko Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara woni mawɗa ruuhiyan-ke e ɗowoowo diiniyanke e hooreejo Dental Al Mujdahir dowliyankeewal, ko kanko woni hooreejo e direkteer Jeraal Rajo Mujdahir Fm dakar e Rajo Mujdahir FM Kolda. ko kanko kadi woni keyniiɗo gooto ɗowoowo dental Mujdahir nder Afrik e nder Aduna he no diidorino. Njencudi miijo Wondude e jinndere e ɗatle jokkondirɗe, ɗum waɗaani Sariif welsindaade bannge miijo to bannge coftale mum ceertuɗe, o ƴettii ko heewi e waktu makko, o heerori ɗumwitto e wallifaade, o ɓuri waɗde himme mum e ɗuum kotaariik Islaam e Siira Nelaaɗo kam e yimɓe galle mum, yo jam e kisal won e dow maɓɓe, o heerini bannge mawɗo eballifaaɗe mum to bannge Irfaan e jikkuuji Islaam. Sariif Ali Haydara yaltani defte e ballifaaɗe, goɗɗe kadina caate na tommbaa yaltineede. Sariif na anndiraa sattude ƴeewtindaade njencudi miijo koadii nde o hollirta ɗum ngam sarde ɗum, waɗi noon ko, reende laabi hoolaare ganndal e sukkude kala ko ina ad-dda jiɓuya si yaltinaama. Ina jeyaa ko ɓuri himmude ko Sariif Muhammadu Aliyyu Haydara yaltini e ballifaaɗe haa jooni: Goongaaji lomtagol Nelaaɗo (J. K. N.) nde yalti e ɗemngal faranse e arab e engele. (Les Vérités de La Succession du Prophète) Al Imaam Huseynu (yo kisal won e mum) cahadinɗo e Islaam ndaɗnduɗo-mbo, nde ko Arab nde winnda. (L’Imam Hussein (AS) martyr et sauveur de l’islam) Soknaajo Jeynaba jaambaara Karbala (yo o his) nde ko e ɗemngal faranse nde winnda (Sayyidda Zaynab (paix et salut sur elle) l'héroïne de Karbala) Sifa juulde Nelaaɗo (mo jam e kisal ngoni e dow mum) tawa fawii ko jiiɗe Ahlul Bayti. Nde ko e ɗemngal arab nde winnda. (La prière du Prophète Mouhammad (PSLF) selon les membres de sa famille) Gadiir Khum, nde ko e ɗemngal arab nde yalti. Aasuura (haaraan) ko nyalngu feet wolla ko jaale. Nde yalti ko ɗemngal faranse. (Achoura jour de deuil ou jour de fête ?) Puɗɗorɗe ko faati e jawdi islaamiyankeeri, nde yalti ko e ɗemngal faranse. (Principes de la finance islamique) Yiy ɗee Binndanɗe nannduɗe Mujdahir Mozdahir (Faranse) Ciife e duttorɗe Yimɓe Islaam Senegaal Yimɓe Senegaal Njuɓɓudi Mujdahir dowliyankoori (Faranse: Institut Mozdahir International), ko njuɓɓudi ndi wonah laamuyakoori, ndi faandaaki nganyaari (tono) ndi sinca ko 2000. Ko Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara (Chérif Mohamed Aly Aïdara) sincindi, nyiiɓirde ndi njuɓɓudi woni ko Dakar. Ndi njuɓɓudi na heɓi heɓtinaneede nyiiɓirde mum e mbaadi njuɓɓudi doliyankeeri ndi wonah laamuyankeeri, hondi jotondiri e dowlaaji limti-limtinɗi koɗdiiji e nokku he hono: Senegaal, Koddiwaar, Mali e Gine Bisaaw eken. Ndi njuɓɓudi na wondi e leyɗe 12, hondi ummo e coftae keewɗe hona: ɓamtaare duumiinde naatnaande e domenuuji jaɓooji yeewteede. Hondi softa kadi e: jaŋde, ekkinde mecce, cellal, yuɓɓinde rennda, pinal, ndema, enerji naange, hoɗnude, yenycinde, nyamaaɗe tokoose, yiilde keɓirɗe neesu jiilgol jaadungole hakkile, tuttaade leɗɗe e artirde dulli. Wondiiɓe (partineeruuji) Njuɓɓudi IMI doliyankeeri hondi nyiɓii nyiɓagol tiiɗngol nder Senegal e leyɗe koɗdiiji nder hirnaange Afrik, to ndi heɓi jaɓaneede heɓde nyiiɓirde. Njuɓɓudi IMI Na jogii ujjunaaji terɗe e parteneeruuji e denndaangal nokkuuji e winndere he. Parlamaan Njuɓɓudi IMI na waawi tuugnaade egubbol jaacngol e renndadiiɓe, hono ministeeruuji rennda doŋiyankooji (sarwisaaji ndiyam, dulli, ndema, goomu kisal nguura, ministeerji keeriiɗi e meeriiji eken) SGBS, Njuɓɓudi dowliyankoori (porogaraam nguura dowliyanke) e dente jeyaaɓe ANEv (Agence nationale de Eco-village), e ballandiral e voute Nibien eken. Ciife e duttorɗe Yiy ɗee Binndanɗe nannduɗe Sariif Muhammad Aliyyu Haydara Internet Mujdahir Islaam Ñaalal ko sonndu raneeru, e wonnde hindu jogii hoore woɗeere maa hunnduko woɗeewo. Fulɓe no anndi ñaalal moƴƴa moƴƴa sabu ngal seedataa e na'i nde tawnoo ko ɓuri kon ngal jooɗoto e dow na'i ngal hocca kulloy tampinoohoy ɗi ngal ñaama. No tawaa e nder ñamri ñaalal ɓaɓɓati, kooti, gilɗi e ko nanndi e mum. Seeku Aamadu laatii gardiiɗo laamateeri Fulɓe Maasina: Caggal laamateeri Saraŋkuleeɓe Gaana ( fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 3 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 8), Laamateeri Maniŋkaaɓe to Maali (fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 13 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 15) kañe e Laamateeri Koroborooɓe maa Soŋay’en (fewnɗo temmeddanɗe 15 haa yotti temmeddanɗe 16), ko jamaanu Laamateeri Fulɓe Maasina wari. Jibinannde Laamateeri Seeku Aamadu puɗɗuɗo Laamateeri, ƴiwɗo e ɓeynguure Barinaaɓe (Fulɓe juulɓe). Ko arɗo Fulɓe jom-tooruuji'en (rewooɓe sanamuuji) warɓe ƴiwde to leydi Senegaal, wuurnooɓe e daande maayo Nijer gila temmeddanɗe 14 wonnooɓe e nder ɗowaangol Laamiiɗo Segu hitaande 1670. E hitaande 1818, Seeku Aamadu haɓidi e Fulɓe arɗo’en e yaadiiɓe mum’en jokkondirnooɓe e laamɗo keefeero bammbaranke mo Segu oo. O heɓi poolgal. Caggal ɗum o fampii jihaadi makko (1819) o dahi saare Jenne, nokku ɗo o jaŋngunoo Alkura'ana. Ndeen o fenti laamateeri alsilamaaku keyri ndi o inniri Diina kono endi ɓuraa anndireede innde Laamateeri Maasina. Laamorgo mayri laatii Hamdallaahi, ko ɗum woni wi'ide yettoore woodanii Geno. Wuro ngoo ko joɗɗinaango hakkunde hitaande 1819 e 1821 kilometiraaji 32 hakkunde mum e Mooɓti. Engo mooftunoo ko hewti 60 deende (quartiers). Peewnitoowo mawɗo Seeku Aamadu laatii peewnitoowo (réformateur) mawɗo: o feewnii renndo Fulɓe: o fecci ɓe nooneeje ngam yaafinde margol dabbaaji, kañe e nawrugol ndema yeeso. O nawrii njulaŋkaaku kadi yeeso o renndini etunguuji leydi ndi fuf etungu ngootu. Ñaawoore ko Alkura'ana waɗirteno yurmeende alaa heen. Haybiirde koniŋkooɓe kadi no feewnano. Laatii faggudu leydi ndii ina tuuginoo e ngaynaaka (durngol) e ndema. Seeku Aamadu toppitii kadi jannde. Cukalel ina naatinee e jaŋngirɗe Alkura'ana gila e duuɓi mum 7. Duɗe Alkur’aana keewɗe cosano e leydi ndii. Ko e hitaande 1844, caggal maayde Seeku Aamadu ndee, ɓiɗɗo makko Aamadu Seeku lomtii mo e laamu. Caggal oon, ko taaniraawo makko lomtii e laamu e hitaande 1852. Wakkati timmoode Laamateeri Maasina Ɗum hawrii E puɗɗagol Laamateerii Afrik hirnaange ɓurndi mawnude: Laamateeri Tukuleer’en, ko ɗum woni Laamateeri Diina Alhajji Umaar Tal. Caggal konuuli ɗi Alhajji Umaru Taal naɓi to saare laamorde Hamdallaahi, o dahi nde o wari laamɗo, laamu nguu yirbi. Ɗum laatii e hitaande 1862. Fulɓe Ko ñalnde Mawbaare (Talaata) 1 Mbooy (Mars) 1977, he saanga beetawe, Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik garwaniijo o maayi he nder dummbirdu 52 to Camp Boiro, Konaakiri leydi Lagine (la Guinée). Duuɓi cappanɗe nay e ɗiɗi (42) njawtii caggal ko ɗum waɗi, kono sukaaɓe Afriknaaɓe heewɓe nganndinaaka holi oo ɓiyɗo Pullo, gorko Afriknaajo, kaɓanaaɗo ngam rokkitde Afrik jeytaare e ndimaagu mum. Hare hakkilantaagal e ñeeñal nde o sippiraa he nder batuuji winndereyankeeji, ɗi he nder mum en hay añɓe makko ene keɓtini haayaneede mo konngol e laaɓtude makko jiyanɗe. Darnde makko he mahde ngootaagu leyɗeele Afrik ngam haa mbaawa tabitin’de nguun ndimaagu e ndeen jeytaare ko huunde seedtinnde. Allajji Buubakar Teli Jallo ɓurɗo lollirde “Jallo Teli”, sabu ko kanko njiɗ-ɗen haalde, jibinaa ko he hitaande 1925 to wuro ene wiyee Poredeka he nder Fuuta Jalon, walla ko woɗɓe noddirta Gine Hakkundeeri. Hono no kala ɓiyngel pullo ni, walla mbiyen tan juulɗo, nde o dañi duuɓi jeegom o naatnaa duɗal Quraana, ɓooytaani o naatnaa duɗal Farayse ɗoon he Poredaka. Laamɗo kanton oo teskii ngel cukalel e welde hakkille e heewde himmi o hirjini ngel e jokkude jaŋde e tiiɗnaare. Holmo Woni Bubakar Teli Jallo? He 1940, taw omo yahra e duuɓi sappo e joy o naati duɗal hakkundeewal to wuro Maamu, taw jibnaaɓe makko eggii koɗtoyii wuro ene sara Mamu ene wiyee Teliko. Ɓooytaani caggal ɗuum, he wasiya seernaaɓe makko Faraysiyankeeɓe, o neldaa Konaakiri laamorgo leydi Lagine. O jokkoyi jaŋde makko to duɗal biyetenoongal l’école primaire supérieure gontayoowal Lycée Classique de Donka. Jallo Teli fof e welde hakkille e jaɓde janngude, ɓennaani he ƴeewndooji seedanfaagu Bakkaaloreya ( Baccalauréat). Eɗen ciftina noon wonnde ko he 1950 Lagine fuɗɗii meeɗde dañde keɓɗo nguun seedanfaagu. Hono no ɓiyɓe Lagine, haa ɓuri teeŋtude e Fulɓe ɓee, ɓe jibinaaɓe mum en ene ceɓori seeɗa to bannge dañal ɓee fof ni, Bubakar Jallo felliti jokoyde jaŋde mum Dakaar, laamorgo Afrique Occidental Francaise (AOF), hono no hiirnaange Afrik he les njiimaandi Farayse wiyetenoo he ngaan saanga. Nde o yettii Dakar o naatoyi duɗal William Pointy de Sebikotane. William pointy sosanoo ko he 1903 to Ndar (St. Louis Senegal), kono he 1912 ngal egginaa ngal faatiraa Goree, duunde tokesere he nder maayo-Geej Ndakaaru. Ko he maggal ɓiyɓe Afriknaaɓe jooma barkeeji en ɓee e wonoyooɓe suɓaaɓe hiirnaange Afrik ɓee kebletenoo. Ɗoon ne kadi koreeji makko ndonki waawde walludemo no fotiri nii, ɗuum woni sabaabu jaŋde makko ronki yahde, o ronki yawtude he ƴeewndooji Bakkaaloreya (Baccalauréat) kono o dañi naatde he ligey laamu (administration) koloñaal. Ɗuum wonnoo ko 1946 taw omo yahra e duuɓu 21. Nde Bubakar Jallo Teli gollatnoo he nder ko wiyetenoo ndeen, “liggeyaaji kuuɓtidinɗi laamu huuɓtidinngu hiirnaange Afrik farayseyanke ( services généraux du gouvernement général de l’Afrique occidentale française)to Ndakaaru ndee, o nani suka gooto Faraysenaajo mo o gollidatnoo ene wiyee Pierre Cros, ene haala wonnde neɗɗo ene waawi dañde golle he laamu koloñaal hee ɓurɗe ɗe ɓe ngoni he mum ɗee faayodin’de so oon tigi rewii he duɗal Ecole nationale de la France d’outre-mer (ENFOM).Ɗuum noon kadi gasata laataade tan koo tawa oon tigi ene mari seedanfaagu mum Bakkaaloreya, kadi ko maa yaha Paris ko toon janngoyta. He hitaande 1946-47 Jallo Teli ruttii duɗal lycée Ndakaaru ngam waɗde ƴeewndo Bakkaaloreya, o ɓenni he daawe ɗiɗi ɗee kala, gadanal ngal e battindiingal ngal kala. Ene jeyanoo e seernaaɓe jannginɓe mo he ngaan saanga, biyeteeɗo Jean Suret-Canal gooto e terɗe lannda Communist Farayse, mo eɗen teskoo wonnde, caggal nde Lagine heɓi jeytaare mum, ko toon jooɗtoyi ene janngina hayso tawii ɗuum welaano leydi Farayse. Nde Jallo Teli heɓi seedanfaagu mum o fayi Farayse. Nde o yettii toon o winndii he duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde Paris, senngo jojjannde e gannde faggudu ( Faculté de droit et des sciences économiques) gonnongal he nokku biyeteeɗo place du Panthéon he nder leegal latin. He tuma nde Bubakar Jallo Teli janngata ngam heɓde seedanfaagu mum licence de droit et science Economique ndee, omo heblanoo kadi ƴeewndooji ngam naatde he duɗal jeynoongal sabaabu garaangal makko Farayse ngal (ENFOM). He 1951 Jallo Teli heɓi seedanfaagu mum he jojjannde (ñaawoore) e gannde faggudu, kadi o ari go’aɓo he ƴeewndo “B” ngo Ecole National da la France d’Outre-mer (ENFOM), keertoraangal wonan’de sukaaɓe gollanooɓe laamu gal. Eɗen ciftora Jallo Teli ummotonoo Senegaal ndee omo ara Farayse ko he ndiin mbaydi o arno. Hayso ko ɓuri heewde e almuuɓe so naatii ngaal duɗal keewi yahrude ko senngo “Administration General” ne, Teli kanum suɓii ko yahrude bannge ñaawoore (Magistrature). Nde o yalti duɗal ENFOM kanko e janngidiiɓe makko he haralde 1951-53, o nawaa magistrature outre-mer, tuugnaade he suɓngo makko. O nomaa lomto (substitut) Procureur de la Republique to tirbinaal kalaas tataɓo mo Thies (Cees), Seneegal, cosanooɗo ko ɓooyaano, kono o ɓooyaani ɗoon. Nde Bubakar Jallo ummi Cees o adii won’de ko Gardinaaɗo Gollooɓe (chef de cabinet) Haut-Commisaire de l’AOF to Dakaar he 1955. Caggal ɗuum o ƴami lefol won’de koolaaɗo kuuɓal AOF o heɓi. Ko he Seeɗto (Avril) 1957 o fiilaa ngool lefol. Ɗuum waɗiimo, he ngaan saanga, Afriknaajo ɓurɗo toowde he nder laamu koloñaal Farayse he Hiirnaange Afrrik. He lewbi 18 ɗi o waɗi he ngaal gollal ɗii, addaniimo ɓeydaade faamde mahanteeje dawrugol ko wiyetee “type parlamentaire” ko. Ko toon kadi o yiytondiri e Ahmadu Seyku Tuure e heewɓe e kaadareeɓe Afriknaaɓe jogorɓe wonoyde janngo ardiiɓe leyɗeele mum en walla kam sippirantenooɓe leyɗeele mum en to bannge dawrugol ko wayno:Léopold Sédar Sengoor, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Lamine Guèye, Modibo Keïta, Fily Dabo Sissoko, Jibo Bakari Hammani Joori, Ouezzin Kulibali e woɗɓe. Jeytaare Lagine e Ruttanaade Ngenndi mum Ñalnde 28 Silto (Settaambur) 1958 Laginenaaɓe heewɓe cuɓii “alaa” hono Seyku Tuure e lannda mum (Parti démocratique de Guinée) mbasiyirinooɓe ni, he toɗɗe ɗe De Gaulle yuɓɓinnoo ngam waylude doosɗe ngenndi Farayse he ko yowitii e jeytaare leyɗeele Afrik gonnooɗe he les njiimaandi mum ɗe. Nde Lagine suɓii jeytaare ndimaagu mum, geɗal ɓurnongal himmude ɗo Seyku Tuure ɗo, wonno ko naatgol Guinee he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji, mbele maa jeytaare Lagine heɓtine he nder dowlaaji aduna ɗii kala. He ngaan saanga taw Jallo Teli ne ɓamii pellital artude Lagine, ngam addude ballal mum e karallaagal mum ngam ɓamtaare ngenndi mum. Ndi ngenndi ngonndi he kesam-hesaagu jeytaare mum, hatojinndi e he mbaawka kala gooto e ɓiyɓe mum ngam ɓamtude e suutude ɗum mbele maa waaw dañde palaas mo haan’di o he nder renndooji leyɗeele dime. Seyku Tuure ene anndi mbaawka Jallo Teli he kattanɗe waawde wallude Lagine haa naata he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji. Nde o arti Guinee Sayku halfinimo dogde he ɗuum. Jonte seeɗa pawii heen Jallo Teli dañi wune,Guinee jaɓanaa won’de tergal he nder Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji (FngD), hayso tawii Farayse ene haɓotonoo mbele ɗuum ene waasa won’de. Tuggude he 1958 haa 1964, Bubakar Jallo Teli wonii jooɗaniiɗo leydi Lagine to ñiiɓirde F.Ng.D to New York kad he hakkunde hee o wonii Ammbasadoor maɓɓe to Washington, laamorngo Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Amerik. Nde Jallo Teli yettii New York ɓooytaani o woni hoodere yiytiniinde he nder goomu Afro-asiyatik he. Sabu makko won’de ɓelɗo ƴiiƴam, moƴƴo jikku kadi jaawɗo woowde addaniimo faggaade yiɗɓe hay he nder yimɓe ɓe o seertunoo yiyannde. He nder winndannde yaltunde he jaaynde New York Times ñalnde 21 Morso (Juillet) 1964 omo siforee heen wonnde: “Ko o juulɗo keɓɗo innde (moƴƴere) he Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji he duuɓi 6 jawtuɗi ɗii sabu makko won’de kaɓanteeɗo jojjannde ɓaleeɓe Afrik ko aldaa e mettere. Ko Alhajji (hayso o huwtortaako ndeen innde) sabu makko yahde Makka he 1956. O meeɗaani yahrude caggal he ŋatre makko wonnde maa leyɗeele Afrik fof keɓa jeytaare mum en timmunde, kono o wonaa kaɓeteeɗo tan he dow meere taw koɗo haanaani. Moodi Jallo wonaa tan kurmaaɗo, kono kadi ko jiɗaaɗo hay e nder yimɓe ɓe o haɓatoo kuule mum en ɓe.” Kulhuli Seyku Tuure e Hoolkisaare mum he Jallo Teli Hay so Jallo Teli seeraano e hollirde fiɓnde mum he jeytaare Lagine walla boom leyɗeele Afrik fof e kuuɓal, kadi e gollaade les Seyku Tuure ngam yettaade he ndeen fayndaare ne, Seyku kanum seeraano e jogaade kulhuli he oo ɓiyɗo Ginenaajo, mo ɓayre mum he nder renndooji aduna hee kala, nana wirnamo he naange. Ndeen hoolkisaare walla mbiyen ɗaam kiram waɗi, kala nde diisnodiral to FNgD he won e toɓɓe yonti, Seyku heewi ko neldude neɗɗo goɗɗo ummoriiɗo Konaakiri ara ardoo sate Lagine, diwamo kanko jooɗaniiɗo ɗoon leydi Lagine o, ɗuum fof ko ngam yiɗnoode wirnudemo. Eɗen mbaawi kadi ɓeydude heen wonnde Seyku meeɗaani woppude Jallo Teli wellitii. Kala ɗo oon ene yaha o waddat e mum ballidiiɗo (assistant), mo e jaati, wonaa hay-huunde ko wonaa ñukkintooɗo mo, kala ko eji e makko nawtana ɗum Konaakiri. Gonaangal Jallo Teli Amerik addanii ɗum faggitaade karallaagal kadi rokkiiɗum fartaŋŋe waawde hollirde ñeeñal mum e hakkilantaagal mum,haa ɓuri teeŋtude noon he nder golle goomuuji. Ene jeyanoo e toɓɓe ɓurɗe soklin’de mo, hono no mbiyɗen ni, ko yowitii he jeytaare leyɗeele Afrik kadi e toɓɓere kiiɓal ɓaleeɓe (aprtheid) he nder Afrik Worgo sabu wonnoode mo hooreejo goomu kalfinaaɗo haɓaade kiiɓal (apartheid). Ko ɗiin dukooji gulɗi he dow tirbinaaji FNgD njey sabaabu leyɗeele Afrik keewɗe keɓti ndimaagu mum en he 1960. Darnde Bubakar Jallo Teli he Cañgol Ngootaagu Afrik He 1963 nde Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik sosaa ndee, koolaaɗo kuuɓal ene yiylee, hakkillaaji fof ndogi ko fayde he Jallo Teli. O falaama koolaaɗo kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Afrik lawbi ɗiɗ, kono he 1972 nde o ƴamti lefol ngol he batu jooɗinoongu Rabaa (Marok) o ɗaftaa, taw saabi ɗum ko laamɗo leydi makko e hoore mum,Ahmadu Seyku Tuure, luutndaade mo. Gila e fuɗɗoode, eɗen nganndi, Seyku ko luutndinooɗo waɗeede mo Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal, sabu tan añnoode yiyde neɗɗo jom martaba bayɗo hono no Jallo Teli ni, ene wona hoodere nde mbeelu leydi Gine ko he mum ndaaratee caggal leydi. Kono sabu ñeeñal Jallo teli, karallaagal mum he ko yowitii he diisnondire e woowde mum termondireede e sirlondireede, yantude e ballal yimɓe heewɓe jooma en tiiɗndi en, ko wayno Ayle Salaasi, ɓeydii teeŋtin’de mbaawka makko ka aldaa e guli, addani Seyku yolbin’de junngo mum. Ngaanumma Nde Jallo Teli ɗaftaa lefol mum ndee, sikke alaa, jooɗtiima ko juuti omo miijitoo e hol ko wonata janngo makko. Caggal nde o fiila ɗii leppi teddungal toowɗi, alaa ko haɗi, tawat ɓernde makko ene wooɗee dañde kadi posto toowngo ngo jaŋde makko e maartaba haandi. He oon tuma o jokkondiriino e Kurt waldheim, gonnooɗo Koolaaɗo Kuuɓal Fedde Ngootaagu Dowlaaji (l,ONU), kono he ngaan saanga Waldheim alaano hay posto gooto mo waawi tottude kowhowo potɗono Jallo Teli ni. Luutndiiɓe Ginenaaɓe wonɓe caggal leydi ɓee ne ƴamiino mo e yiɗde mbele omo heddo caggal leydi o ardoo luutndiiɓe laamu Seyku (chef de file de l,opposition en exil), kono ɗuum hawranaano mo. Caggal oon nguumu-ngaama yantude kadi e kirjingol Seyku Tuure yoo artu Guinee ɓe liggodoo o felliti hootde. Sikke alaa, Jallo ene anndi Sayku yiɗaa ɗum, kadi omo anndi Seyku hannde way ko hono no mbaroodi taalnaandi ni, ko gontuɗo laamɗo baroowo, mo alaa hoolaare e hay gooto. Nde o ɓami pellital hootde ndee yimɓe heewɓe kajimoomo, ene jeyaa e ɓeen, jooma-suudu makko Kajjatu Jallo mo o resondirnoo gila e ɓe njannga to Farayse. Jaagorɗo halfinaaɗo Ñaawooje Eɗen ciftora wonnde Jallo Teli heblaa ko he gannde jojjannde walla mbiyen ganndal sariyaaji (duruwaa), ko ɗuum waɗi nde o arti Gine tan Seku toɗɗii mo ko Jaagorɗo Kalfinaaɗo Ñaawooje. O wonii heen tuggude nde o art he 1972 haa 1976. He ngoon posto kadi o addi heen karallaagal timmungal e pellital gollaade ngal o anndiraa ngal. O wayli kuule leydi (code civil) ɗee, o itti ɗum en e ɗe ɓe ndonnoo e laamu koloñaal Farayse o wiɗti ɗum en kanum en fof kuule Ginenaaje. O naati kadi he lannda mbajja ka (Parti Démocratique Guinéen), wonnoka he jappeere ko aldaa e pooɗondiral. Hono kaadareeɓe lannda kaa fof ni, saha kala omo yaha he nder dowriiji he ngam daronoyaade lannda ka, kono kadi no kala kaadareeɓe leydi ndii kala ɗo yahi ko deenaaɗo o alaa wellitaare, o waawaa yaltude leydi ngam ɗannaade. Complot Peul (Jamfa Fulɓe) Huunde wontunde aada Seyku Tuure, duuɓi seeɗa tan caggal nde o yaltini Lagine he less njiimaandi Farayse o rokki ɗum jeytaare timmunde, ko waɗtude kala luutndiɗomo walla tan mo hoolkisi, o sasana ɗum takkare. O takka joom mum wonnde yiitaama ene fewjana jamfaade mo liɓa laamu makko. Nde ɗuum waɗi fof kadi, ɓeen so njaggaama keewi ñaaweede warngo pelle walla mbarde heege e ɗomka. He ngol laawol Seyku Tuure takki ko Fulɓe, kono goonga oo tan ko Jallo Teli o meerotonoo. Ñalnde 18 Morso (Julliet) 1976, Jallo Teli hiirtodiima e Ahmadu Seyku Tuure to galle laamorɗo to, kono yeewtere maɓɓe kasi ko he ɗii konnguɗi: “Teli laare am, miɗo jogii mbaawdi ndi kaan-ɗaa annditande kam. Mi jaɓataa juheede few…". Telli Jallo jaabii: "Hooreejo leydi, hol jiɗɗo juhude ma?" "Jiidal Jam Teli!”, jaabii mo Seeku Tuure. Maayde to Camp Boiro (Dummbirdu Buwaaro) Ko he oon jamma 18 ene jofi 19 lewru Morso 1976 Bubakar Jallo Teli nanngaa he nder galle mum faarnaa Camp Boiro. Ñalnde 24 Morso (Julliet) 1976 Jagorɗe ɗiɗi goɗɗe, Alfa Umar Bari e Aliwun Daraame ne nanngaa wonndude e majistaraa gooto ene wiyee Sileyman Si-Sawaane, e Kumaandaa kooniŋkeeɓe Lamine Kuyaate ene wonndi e Liyetnaa Alhasan Jallo. Kamɓe fof ɓe cokoyaa Camp Boiro. Bubakar Jallo Teli he nder dummbirdu Camp Boiro Hayso Seyku ko cosoowo takkere ne, kala mo o nanngi ko ma o waawna ɗum qirlaade ko waɗaani mbele ma o dañ e mum hujja. Ngam ɗuum gasa laataade, feere nde ɓe kuwtortoo ko waɗde oon tigi he ko ɓe noddirta “Diet Noir”. Ɗuum woni haɗde joom mum ñaamde e yarde haa ɓanndu mum losa, ɓe nawa ɗum he ko ɓe mbiyata “cabine technique”, ɓe maasa ɗum kuuraŋaaji he terɗe mum jaɓa qirlaade ko takkaa ko. Hakke balɗe sappo e jeenay (19) ɓe etiima haalnude Teli e ɓe ndonki, kono nde juutnoo ɓe mbaawtiimo o jaɓi taraade ko mbinndi ko. Wonnde ko o badduɗo maalde e CIA, ko Henry Kissinger e hoore mum o haaldi, kanko e yahdiiɓe makko e ɓe liɓa laamu seyku, o laamo ɓe pirta rewolisoŋ o, ɓe tafa guwernamaa keso newnanoowo “occident” hiilnaade ɗoon nafoore mum. Ñalnde 22 Juko (Août) 1976 o jaŋtii ɗum fawaa he rajo yimɓe fof keɗii wonnde Jallo Teli kay qirliima ko piɓnooɗo jamfa. Kono he nder Guinée taw yimɓe fof ngowtii Seyku e pewje mum. He nder dummbirde he seedtaama wonnde o hollirii toon cuusal, pellital, kono kadi won’de diineyanke e sellude makko fiɓnde he Allah. Hay ko o woni he nder dummbirde ko omo winndondiratnoo e Seyku Tuure ɓataakeeji ngam hollude yiyannde makko he mbayliigu dawrugol waɗatnoongu he nder leydi hee e ngaan saanga, hayso tawii Seyku kanum kala nde winnditii ko takkude mo o wonnde o jamfiima rewolisoŋ ginenaaɓe o yantii fedde añɓe yimɓe Lagine. Ñalnde 12 Colte (Février) 1977, Jallo Teli e yoga e wonndiiɓe mum mbaɗaa kadi he “Diet Noir”, kono e ngol laawol ko heen ɓe keddii. Nde Jallo Teli maayi ñalnde 1 Mbooy 1977, wiyaama, ɓe ngari ɓe taƴi e makko husere ngam huwtoroyaade ɗum he dabare maɓɓe. Caggal ɗuum ɓe ndenndini maayɓe ɓee fof ɓe ubbi ɗum en he ngaska ngoota taw ɓe njuulaaka, ɓe kasnaaka, ɓe ndokkaaka hay hakke gooto maayɗo juulɗo. Nde ɓe ngayni ɓe duppi kaake mum en. Hay ko Seyku maayi ko koreeji maɓɓe ndonkii holleede ɗo ɓe ubba. Duuɗi 7 caggal ɗuum he lewru Mbooy 1984 Seyku Tuure maayi. Hono no Andre Lewin siftiniri en ɗum nii, nde laamu kesu nguu ari qirrima ɓeen maaynooɓe e majjunooɓe he nder dummbirɗe Seyku Tuure ko tooñanooɓe pawaa fenaande. Ɓi inniri Bubakar Jallo Teli Kallu mawɗo ( boulevard), kadi defte mbinndaama he maayde Jallo Teli, goomu miijitigol (club de réflexion) ƴettii innde makko he 1996, fondation Jallo Teli sosaama he 1998, njeenaaje ( prix) Jallo Teli ndokkiraama to UNESCO, kono Afrik e kuuɓal haa jooni renndaani rutti teddungal oon gadiinooɗo won’de kulaaɗo mum kuuɓal. Iwdi: https://binndipulaar.com/2019/10/20/bubakar-jallo-teli-mande-afrik-ruttata-teddungal-koolaa%C9%97o-mum-kuu%C9%93al-garwaniijo/ Yimɓe Emma Watson , née le à Paris, en France, est une actrice britannique. Elle est devenue célèbre en jouant, de son enfance en 2001 à l'âge adulte en 2011, le rôle d'Hermione Granger, l'un des trois rôles principaux dans la série des films Harry Potter. Elle est nommée pour de nombreuses récompenses pour son rôle, et en remporte plusieurs. Ce n’est qu’après avoir tourné tous les opus de Harry Potter que l’actrice s’attaque à des rôles très différents. En 2012, elle incarne une des costumières de Marilyn Monroe dans le film My Week with Marilyn de Simon Curtis. On la retrouve également à l’affiche du Monde de Charlie de Stephen Chbosky et de The Bling Ring, réalisé par Sofia Coppola, sorti en 2013, où elle tient l'un des rôles principaux. En 2014, elle tient le rôle d'Ila dans le péplum américain Noé réalisé par Darren Aronofsky. On peut aussi la retrouver dans le film Regression de Alejandro Amenabar en 2015, et dans des films engagés comme Colonia sur la dictature chilienne, ou The Circle, d'après le roman éponyme, dénonçant le « système Google ». En mars 2017, elle interprète le rôle de Belle, dans l'adaptation cinématographique de La Belle et la Bête, de Disney, s'inspirant lui-même du conte de Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont. Elle joue Meg March dans Les quatre filles du docteur March. Actrice engagée, elle est remarquée lors d'un discours féministe aux Nations unies. Elle est d'ailleurs nommée ambassadrice de bonne volonté par l'ONU Femmes en juillet 2014. Elle agit aussi en faveur du commerce équitable et du développement durable. Tarihawol Jeunesse et formation Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson naît dans le Marais à Paris le . Elle est la fille de Jacqueline Luesby et Chris Watson, un couple d'avocats britanniques exerçant en France et passe ses cinq premières années à Maisons-Laffitte. Ses parents se séparent quelques années après la naissance de son frère cadet Alex Watson en 1995. À la suite de ce divorce, elle emménage avec sa mère et son frère dans le comté d'Oxford en Angleterre. Elle passe néanmoins les fins de semaine dans la maison de son père à Londres. Elle parle un peu français, mais « pas aussi bien » que durant son enfance en France. Elle retourne occasionnellement en France, où vivent ses grands-parents. Elle passe ses années d'école primaire d'abord à la Lynams School, école maternelle de la Dragon School d'Oxford, de septembre 1995 à juin 1998. Durant ces années, on lui diagnostique un trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité et on lui prescrit du Ritalin, qu'elle prend toujours à l'âge adulte. Elle va ensuite à la Dragon School, de septembre 1998 jusqu'en juin 2003. C'est à cette période qu'elle commence le tournage de la saga Harry Potter. Lorsqu'elle arrive sur le tournage, elle n'a que . Elle devient brusquement célèbre, et son école doit imposer un règlement spécial pour assurer sa tranquillité. Pour éviter que tous les élèves ne la harcèlent, ceux-ci n'ont donc pas le droit de lui demander un autographe, ni même de la solliciter, sous peine de recevoir des « points négatifs » pouvant se traduire par des sanctions disciplinaires. Ces dispositions ne s'appliquent toutefois pas à ses amis, mais à ceux qu'elle ne connaît pas. Durant son adolescence, elle joue au hockey sur gazon avec le club d'Oxford. Après ses études à la Dragon School, elle est inscrite à partir de 2003 à la Headington School, école privée d'Oxford réservée aux filles. Ayant réussi ses examens du A-level en 2008, elle fait une année sabbatique avant d'entrer à l'université privée américaine Brown, à l'automne 2009, pour y faire des études de lettres. À la rentrée 2011, elle est inscrite à l'université d'Oxford pour continuer ses études de littérature anglaise. En mai 2014, elle sort diplômée de l'université Brown dans ce domaine. Cette même année, elle annonce faire une pause dans sa carrière d'actrice pour se consacrer à plusieurs projets, notamment en lien avec le féminisme. Elle lance notamment un club de lecture, Our Shared Shelf, dans ce cadre. Hiimoɓe Yimɓe ‮ 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤤𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅. 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤼𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤫 (𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤵. 𞤌 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥕𞥐⹁ 𞤺𞤫𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤑𞤵𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤮 𞤩𞤭𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤵 𞤮𞤲 𞤔𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫 𞤏𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭. 𞤌 𞤫𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤚𞤭𞤥𞤦𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤌 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤄𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤢𞤤𞤶𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵: 𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 "𞤣𞤭𞤾𞤭𞤧𞤫𞤪 𞤨𞤮𞤵𞤪 𞤪égn𞤫𞤪" (𞤱𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞥅)⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤄𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤳𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤫 𞤆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥖 𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢 𞤨𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤮𞤴 𞤨𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤮𞤴. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥐𞥕 𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤁𞤢𞤸𞤮𞤥𞤫. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲. 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤶𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤇𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥑𞥒. 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥙 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤆𞤁𞤘 (𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅) 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤵𞤲 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭. 𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 (𞤖𞤴𞤥𞤲𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤤) 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤺𞤭𞤥𞤮𞤤 "𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤢𞤲" 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞥅: 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤭𞤥𞤮𞤤. 𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤱𞤢 𞤽𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤥𞤮 𞤑𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤮 𞤹𞤢𞤪𞤲𞤵 𞥑𞥙𞤢𞤩𞤮 𞤤𞤮'𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤢𞤤𞤫 𞤮𞤲 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤵𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤. Alphabet Adlam ‮ ‮𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮 𞤴𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤪𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭. 𞤐'𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥒𞥗𞥔. 𞥒𞥐𞥐 𞤳𞤥𞥒⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥔 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞥑𞥗.𞥓𞥒𞥒.𞥗𞥙𞥖. 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮⹁ 𞤺𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤯𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤴𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞤪⹁ 𞤄𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤚𞤮𞤺𞤮⹁ 𞤘𞤢𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪. 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞥅𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤫𞤲𞤢 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤩𞤫. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 (𞤳𞤢𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤) 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤴𞤮 𞤌𞤵𞤢𞤺𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤵 ⹁ 𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭. 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤕𞤉𞤁𞤉𞤀𞤌. ‮𞤁𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤺𞤪𞤢𞤨𞤸𞤴 Demography: Burkina Faso 1960-2010 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤌𞤵𞤢𞤺𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤵 𞥒.𞥒𞥐𞥐.𞥐𞥐𞥐 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥕) 𞤄𞤮𞤦𞤮-𞤁𞤭𞤮𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤧𞥆𞤮 𞥕𞥓𞥗.𞥗𞥒𞥘 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒) 𞤄𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤮𞤪𞤢 𞥙𞥓.𞥗𞥕𞥐 𞤑𞤮𞤵𞤣𞤮𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤵 𞥙𞥑⹁𞥙𞥘𞥑 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 ‮ 𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤴 ‮ 𞤋𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤫𞤼 ‮𞤁𞤮𞤴𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮 Alphabet Adlam ‮ ‮𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 (𞤀𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤵 𞤚𞤮𞤵𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤮𞤵𞤪é) 𞤢 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤮𞤲. 𞤌 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥔 𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤢𞤤 (𞤲𞤵𞤱𞤢𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪) 𞥑𞥙𞥔𞥘 𞤃𞤮𞤨𞤼𞤭. 𞤋𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤀𞤚𞥆. 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤱𞤭𞤤𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥑⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤆𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤃𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤢𞥄 𞤚𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤫 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤪𞤥𞤫 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤤𞤭𞤩𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤲𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤕𞤮𞤲𞤬é𞤪𞤫𞤲𞤷𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤬𞤫𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤵𞤥. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢⹁ 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥒⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤧𞤭𞤱𞤭𞤤𞤶𞤮⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤓𞤥𞤢𞤪 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤢𞤩𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥒⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 (𞤨𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭): 𞤮 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤅𞤵𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤤𞤢 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫. 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭. 𞤌 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤭. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤮 𞤼𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤫 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤚𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫𞤺'𞤫𞤲) 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤅𞤢𞤲𞤮𞤺𞤮. 𞤙𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥘 𞤭𞤦𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤵⹁ 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤮 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤮 𞤱𞤭'𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞤪𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤴𞤭𞥅 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤵. 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤅𞤮𞤽𞤢𞤴 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤮 𞤲𞤫ʼ𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤮 𞤖𞤢𞤤-𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤥𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤭𞤧. Alphabet adlam ‮ ‮𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪'𞤫𞤲. 𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳. 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫-𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤢 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥖𞥐 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥘𞥐. 𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤀𞤼𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭𞤳⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤣𞤵𞥅 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤢𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞤪-𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤺𞤮. 𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤲 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭: 𞤷𞤫'𞤢𞥄𞤪 (𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮) 𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤬𞤮. 𞤉 𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪. ‮𞤕𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤯𞤫 ‮𞥑. 𞤕𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤯𞤫: 𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤷𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞤱𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵). 𞤑𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭: 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 (𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤢𞤧𞤢 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭)⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤂𞤭𞤨𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤫𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤵𞤲. 𞤊𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤺𞤮'𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞥅: 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 (𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫-𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮) 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤⹁ 𞤃𞤵𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤵 (𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤳𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤢) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢 (𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤫𞥅 "𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤽𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫" ⁏ 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤂𞤭𞤨𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 (𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵 (𞤄𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤚𞤮𞤺𞤮) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤐𞤢𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 (𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤓𞤧𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤇𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤴𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤮𞤳𞤮𞤼𞤮) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 (𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤫𞥅 "𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫" ⁏ 𞤐𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤅𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤳𞤢 𞤕𞤢𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭) 𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤢𞤤 𞤧𞤭 𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤺𞤭𞤪𞤥𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤐𞤢𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤐𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤂𞤭𞤨𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤅𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤭𞥅𞤥𞤢⹁ 𞤥𞤢 𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞤱 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲 𞤷𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 (𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢)⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤐𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤭-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤄𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭. ‮𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 ‮==𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤫𞤽== 𞥒. 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫: 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪-𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤲𞤮𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥖 𞤦𞤫𞤲𞤧𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤶𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤢𞤦𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤣𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤫𞤲. 𞤐'𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤦𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤣𞤢 𞤓𞤐𞤉𞤅𞤕𞤌 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤓𞤐𞤉𞤅𞤕𞤌. 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭: a,b,mb,ɓ,c,d,nd,ɗ,e,f,g,ng,h,i,j,nj,k,l,m,n,ŋ,ñ(ny),o,p,q,r,s,t,u,w,x,y,ƴ,z ‮𞤅𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤨𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤢𞤤 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤-𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪'𞤫𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮 𞤻 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤤 𞤻. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤭 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢 𞤯𞤵𞤥: ɲ. 𞤑𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤽𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 (𞤪𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫) 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤽𞤺 (𞤸𞤢𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺)⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤫𞤲𞤧𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮. 𞤏𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤲𞤦 𞤸𞤢𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤦 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 𞤮𞥅. ‮𞤀𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤥 ‮𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤭 [𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤] 𞤫 [𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭]. 𞤋𞤯𞤭 𞤨𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 [𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫] 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥙 𞤭𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤀𞤦𞤣𞤮𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤴 𞤫 𞤋𞤦𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤥𞤢 𞤄𞤢𞤪𞤭⁏ 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤭𞤴𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 [𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪] 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤. 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥒𞥘 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭 𞤣𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤺⹁ 𞤲'𞤶⹁ 𞤲'𞤦⹁ 𞤲'𞤣. 𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤲⹁ 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤺𞤫𞤪⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤺𞤫𞤪𞤭𞤢... "𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤫𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤪𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞤥ʼ𞤫𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄. 𞤆𞤢𞤴𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭 𞤨𞤭𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭… 𞤀𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 : 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴𞤧𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤦 𞤫 𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤤𞤫… (𞥓𞥓 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤤). 𞤏𞤮𞤲 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤫 𞤯⹁ 𞤰⹁ 𞤽… 𞤆𞤭𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤼𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 : 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞥗𞤯𞤮 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 : 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤲𞤫 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤸𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤢𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤭 : 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤮 𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤮𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤼⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤲𞤮⹁ 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤲𞤮𞥅… 𞤊𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 : 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤻𞤳𞤭 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤯𞤫𞤤𞤻𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤤 𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 : 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞤸𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤆𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 : 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞥒𞥐 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤬𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫. 𞤉𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤲𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤥 𞤩𞤮𞥅𞤴𞤭𞥅 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤯𞤫 : 𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤲𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤲𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤻𞤣𞤫 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 : 𞤲𞤢𞤬𞤼𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤮𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 : 𞤩𞤢𞤥𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤼𞤲𞤮 ⁏ 𞤼𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤥 𞤢𞤻𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮𞤴𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤬⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤸𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤱𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫𞤧𞤯𞤮. _ 𞤑𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮: 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤮𞤲 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤮𞤧𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤀𞤯𞤢 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤴𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮. 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤥 𞤲𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤰𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤸𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫: 𞤢/ 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞤮: 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤢⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤼𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤧_𞤱𞤭𞤧⹁ 𞤴𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤 (𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤤)⹁ 𞤶𞤵𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤁𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤣𞤭𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤦𞤮𞤱𞤼𞤫… 𞤦/ 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤: 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤦𞤵𞤶𞤮𞤤(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤦𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤)⹁ 𞤥𞤮𞤧𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤶𞤵𞤪𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤦𞤮𞤤𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤷𞤫𞤤𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤷𞤮𞤣𞤮𞤤⹁𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮𞤤…)⹁ 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤢(𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤤)… 𞤷/ 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫: 𞤬𞤭𞤩𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤶𞤮𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤽𞤣𞤫⹁𞤽𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤪𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤶𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 (𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫)⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫… 𞤣/ 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥: 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤵⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 (𞤬𞤫𞤼𞤮)⹁ 𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤶𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤧𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤… 𞤫/ 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭: 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤢𞤤(𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤮)⹁𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤶𞤫𞤸𞤶𞤫𞤺𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤳𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤳𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤵⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮(𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫)⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤮𞤤(𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤼𞤭𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫)… 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤫⁏ 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤫𞤧𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤚𞤢𞤬𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤵 𞤔𞤋𞤘𞥆𞤌 (𞤴𞤮𞥅 𞤘𞤉𞤐𞤌 𞤴𞤵𞤪𞤥𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥)⹁ 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤢 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤪𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤲 𞤥𞤫𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭 𞤦𞤢𞤴𞤯𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤨𞤮𞤻𞤲'𞤣𞤭 (𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤫 𞤲𞤫𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 (𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫)⹁ 𞤳𞤫𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤫𞤳𞤲… 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤽𞤢𞤪𞤯𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤. 𞤃𞤢𞥄 𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤥 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲 (𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤚𞤭𞤶𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤐'𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤴) 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤘𞤉𞤐𞤌 𞤼𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤫 𞤽𞤢𞤪𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤭 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 “𞤳𞤮 𞤃𞤋𞥅𞤐 𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤫 𞤮𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤫 𞤀𞤃”. 𞤉𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤩𞤮𞥅𞤴𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 ⹁ 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤚𞤭𞤶𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫 𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞥄’𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤮 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤦𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤶𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤫𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 (𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤥𞥆𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤭). 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭 𞤵𞤧𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤧𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲 𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤮 𞤮. 𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 𞤩𞤢𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤭. 𞤅𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥓𞥖 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭. 𞤑𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤯𞤢𞤥. 𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤭 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤮𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤯-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤨𞤮𞤼-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤫𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤷𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫: 𞤕𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤧𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 : 𞤣𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤢𞤥𞤸𞤫𞤧𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤵𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 (𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤬𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤧𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤) 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤲𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤉𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤧𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤥𞤢 𞤸𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤲𞤮𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤: 𞤲𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞤽𞤭𞤪𞤫… 𞤛𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤨𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤: 𞤸𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤯𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲⁏ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤻𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤼𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤢𞤲 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤼𞤢 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤭 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭. 𞤕𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤮: 𞤧𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤲𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤷𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 “𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤧” 𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴𞤧𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 (𞤭𞤱𞤣𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤦)⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪/𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄. 𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤬 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤨𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤢𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤫 𞤯𞤫: 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤼 𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤲 𞤸𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤧𞤮 𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤼 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵𞤴𞤢 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤭𞤲 𞤲𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫. ‮𞤋𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤫𞤼 ‮𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 ‮𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤁𞤭𞤷𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 http://pulaar.org ‮*𞤳𞤵𞤯𞤮𞤤 𞤀𞤦𞤣𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤴 𞤶𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤼𞤮 𞤀𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤢. 𞤉 𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤀𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤮𞤵 𞤥𞤮𞤵𞤷𞤼𞤢𞤪𞤢 𞤼𞤸𞤭𞤢𞤥. (𞤈𞤢𞤣𞤭𞤮 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫) Alphabet adlam ‮ ‮ 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 (𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤣𞤵𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤫𞤤 𞤼𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞥑𞥕 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫⹁ 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤕𞤢𞥄𞤣⹁ 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤪𞤢𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤫 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤤 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵 𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢 𞤲𞤢ʼ𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤸𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥. 𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤢-𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤢 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤦𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤼𞤮 𞤷𞤢ʼ𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤭𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤-𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭 (𞤸𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤫𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤅𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤤𞤩𞤫) 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤵𞤩𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤫𞥅 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫-𞤀𞤼𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭𞤳. 𞤍𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭. 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤥𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥑𞥖 𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥒𞥕 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥒𞥖. ‮𞤋𞤱𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 ‮𞤋𞤱𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤭𞤪𞤭. 𞤀𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤢𞤴𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵. 𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤼𞤮 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭. 𞥟 𞤑𞤮 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤭 𞤫 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵؟ 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤦𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤮 (𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤦𞤢) 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤥𞤮 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤵𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭𞥅: „𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤢𞤧𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤰𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤵ʼ𞤵𞤥 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫. 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤰𞤭𞤬𞤼𞤭⹁ 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤰𞤭𞤱𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫. 𞤋𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅𞤬𞤭. 𞤃𞤮𞤲𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢𞥄 (𞤶𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤴𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤤𞤫ʼ𞤭 (𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭) 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤵𞥅⹁ 𞤼𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤲𞤷𞤭𞤼𞤮𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢 𞤲𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤰𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤭.“ „𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤨𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤. 𞤑𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤦𞤮𞥅 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤮⹁ 𞤬𞤵𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤮 𞤰𞤭𞤱𞤭 𞤮 𞤴𞤫𞤸𞤭 𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮𞤴𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮. 𞤍𞤮𞤲 𞤮 𞤼𞤫ʼ𞤭 (𞤪𞤫𞤧𞤭) 𞤄𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞤽𞤺𞤮 – 𞤱𞤮𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞤽𞤺𞤢 𞤲'𞤦𞤭ʼ𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤥𞤮 – 𞤥𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫ʼ𞤫𞤲… 𞤌 𞤣𞤢𞤻𞤭 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤴𞤮: 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤮 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤳𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮. 𞤑𞤢𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭: 𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤮⹁ 𞤏𞤢𞤴𞥆𞤵⹁ 𞤐𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤵 𞤫 𞤓𞥅𞤪𞤵𞤦𞤢 𞤦𞤭ʼ𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤮. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞤪 𞤲𞤢𞤴𞤮 𞤩𞤫ʼ𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤱𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭.“ „…𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤨𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤶𞤭𞤦𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤩𞤫. 𞤇𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤥 𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭. 𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤱𞤵𞤪𞤮⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤧𞤣𞤭. 𞤀𞤦𞥆𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤷𞤭⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤰𞤵𞤥𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞥅𞤲𞤢 (𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫) 𞤼𞤮𞤲. 𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤧𞤢𞤥𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤲𞤢ʼ𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤵𞤥 … 𞤑𞤮𞥅 𞤥𞤮𞤴𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤦𞥆𞤢 (𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤢) 𞤥𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤥⹁ … 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤮⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤴𞤤𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤵𞤯𞤮⹁ 𞤬𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤦𞤮𞥅 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤷𞤵𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤯𞤫. 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤢ʼ𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤩𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤫 𞤸𞤵𞤯𞤮. 𞤐𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞥅𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤮𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤴 𞤤𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤮𞤴 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤥𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤣𞤭𞤺𞤢 (𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢) 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤇𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤵⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤺𞤭⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤢 𞤯𞤮.“ 𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤂ʼ𞤖𞤭𞤧𞤼𞤮𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤧 𞤊é𞤪𞤮𞤦é 𞤣𞤵 𞤁𞤭𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤪é⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤵𞤢 𞤫𞤼 𞤆𞤫𞤼𞥆é⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤉. 𞤃𞤮𞤸𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥗𞥖 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫. 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤵𞤲𞤶𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤑𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥓𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤄𞤫𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭 (𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤓𞤹𞤦𞤢 𞤋𞤦𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭) 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵 𞤤𞤭𞤧𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥗𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤿𞤪𞤭𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤲. 𞤅𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤄𞤫𞤲 𞤐𞤢𞤬𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤮⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤏𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤧𞤭 𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤮 𞤪𞤫𞤧𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮⹁ 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤅𞤭 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤲𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤊𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤤𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤨𞥆𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮. 𞤉 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤓𞤳𞤦𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤿𞤪𞤭𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤲. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤮𞤤 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤭𞤱𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭. 𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅. 𞤖𞤫𞤲𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤸𞤮𞤼𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤤ʼ𞤫𞤿𞤼𞤪𞤢𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤢𞤾𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤧 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥ʼ𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤭ʼ𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤫 𞤚𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤭. 𞤉 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤫𞤷𞤮𞤨𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤵𞥃𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 (𞤃𞤮𞤴𞤫𞤲-𞤌𞤪𞤭𞤫𞤲𞤼) 𞤭𞤱𞤪𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤭. 𞤏𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤁𞤪. 𞤀𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫. 𞤃𞤵𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤮𞤾𞤧𞤳𞤴⹁ 𞤱𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤧𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺 (𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤥𞤫 𞤺𞤮ʼ𞤮 𞤯𞤫 𞤮 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤁𞤭𞤫 𞤘𞤪𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤤𞤢𞤺𞤫𞤲 𞤣𞤫𞤧 𞤊𞤵𞤤 𞤵𞤲'𞤣 𞤣𞤢𞤧 𞤃𞤢𞤵𞤪𞤫𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞤧𞤷𞤸𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥓) 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫. 𞤏𞤭𞤯𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤢𞤭𞤲 𞤀𞤲𞤧𞤫𞤤𞤢𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤃𞤭𞤧𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤊𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫-𞤐𞤢𞤲𞤮. 𞤌 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤂𞤢 𞤗𞤵𞤫𞤧𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲 𞤆𞤫𞤵𞤤𞤫 (𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥒). 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤖𞤫𞤲𞤪𞤭 𞤂𞤸𞤮𞤼𞤫 𞤥𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤭-𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫. 𞤐𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤿𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 : 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤘𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤿𞤢⹁ 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤭𞤳𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥-𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤚𞤫𞤳𞤪𞤵𞤪 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤭’𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤱𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲. 𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤬𞤮 𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤵⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤭’𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤯𞤫 (𞤷𞤤𞤢𞤧𞥆𞤫𞤧 𞤲𞤮𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤧) 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤻𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤤 (𞤾𞤫𞤪𞤦𞤫). ‮𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 ‮𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 ‮𞤂𞤭𞤴𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤿𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤫𞤼 missionafrica.org.uk webPulaaku Portal of Fulɓe history and culture Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, peeral.com Online magazine published/edited in Fulfulde, pulaagu.com Online magazine in Fulfulde, pulaar.org Online Magazine, yaakaare.com Fulfulde online paper, gerngalfulbe.com Fulfulde online news site, mbiimi.com KJPF Egypt Online bilingual dictionary, peeral.com Mini trilingual dictionary of political and legal terminology, peeral.com Portal of Fulɓe Fuuta Jaloo history and culture, webfuuta.net Pulaar Speaking Association WorldStatesmen - Nigerian Traditional states ‮𞤘𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤮𞤤 (Website about nomadic Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe ritual celebrations, with annotated music recordings and short videos featuring dance and ritual sequences. Supplement to the book of Sandrine Loncke) Online musical archives dedicated to Fulɓe Jelgooɓe (Burkina Faso) and Fulɓe Woɗaaɓe (Niger) musics and singings (Telemeta, CREM-CNRS) Alphabet adlam ‮ ‮𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 (𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤂𞤢𞤺𞤭𞤲𞤫⁏ 𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤈é𞤨𞤵𞤦𞤤𞤭𞤹𞤵𞤫 𞤣𞤫 𞤘𞤵𞤭𞤲é𞤫) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭. 𞤖𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤭𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅: 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫-𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮. 𞤐𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 (𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤪𞤫𞤨𞤭𞤦𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤭). 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤺𞤵𞤱𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤫𞤥𞤢𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤆𞤫𞤪𞤥𞤭𞤴𞤫𞥅 𞤃𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤧𞤼𞤭𞤪 𞤮𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤵𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤫 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤬𞤢𞤦𞤪𞤢𞥄'𞤭𞤤𞤵 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥗 (𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤮𞤲) 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥒𞥐 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤵𞤸𞤵 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥘. 𞤌𞤲 𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤢 𞤆𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤑𞤵𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤀𞤸𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤚𞤭𞤶𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤅𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫. 𞤑𞤢𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤷𞤢'𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮'𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤑𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤟𞤫𞤪𞤫𞤳𞤮𞤪𞤫 𞤫𞤳𞤲. 𞤐'𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥒𞥕𞥐.𞥑𞥕𞥘 𞤳𞤥²⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤮𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞥑𞥑⹁𞥕 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥔) 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 (𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭 𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤩𞤭𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤣𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤵𞤲 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲). 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭 𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥘 (𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤅𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅) 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒 𞤮𞤼𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤦𞤵𞤪 𞥑𞥙𞥕𞥘⹁ 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤸𞤥𞤫𞤣 𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 (𞥑𞥙𞥒𞥒-𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥔). 𞤍𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤅𞤮𞥅𞤧𞤮⹁ 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤑𞤭𞤧𞤭⹁ 𞤚𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤢⹁ 𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤻𞤢𞤺𞤭⹁ 𞤄𞤢𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤄𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫⹁ 𞤄𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤫𞤳𞤲. 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫. 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤌𞤐𞤓⹁ 𞤕𞤉𞤁𞤉𞤀𞤌⹁ 𞤓𞤀. 𞤘𞤋𞤐𞤉 𞤑𞤌𞤐𞤀𞥄𞤑𞤋𞤈𞤋: 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲... 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 (𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤾𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤴) 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤩𞤢𞤣𞤼𞤭𞤳𞤫. 𞤚𞤢𞤱 𞤧𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤤𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤵𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮؟ 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥕𞥘⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤢𞥄 𞤽𞤢𞥄𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫. 𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤳𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤱⹁ 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤯𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤦𞤵𞤴 𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤤𞤭𞤪𞤻𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤧𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤴𞤮𞤩𞤭𞤼𞤫𞥅… 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥔⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤭𞥅 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 (𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤸𞤮𞤵𞤹) 𞤦𞤵𞤴 𞤴𞤫𞤶𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤴𞤫𞤶𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤳𞤫. 𞤌 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤭𞥅 𞤷𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤮 𞤪𞤢𞤯𞤭𞤳𞤫 𞤦𞤵𞤴 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥’𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢… 𞤉 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤑𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤫 (𞤔𞤵𞤲𞤫)⹁ 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥖⹁ 𞤮 𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭…𞤀𞤱𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮 (𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤵𞤢𞤪𞤴)⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞥒𞥓𞥐 𞤬𞤢𞤴𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤫𞥅 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤… 𞤚𞤢𞤱 𞤧𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞤸⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤼𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮𞥅؟ 𞤖𞤭𞤻𞤫𞤪𞤫 (𞤭𞤲𞤩𞤫𞤧𞤼𞤭𞤺𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤮𞤲) 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤑𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤫⹁ 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥖⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤥 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮⹁ 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥗⹁ 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤢 𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢 𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤨𞤮𞤪𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤤𞤢𞤱𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤧) 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤮𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅. 𞤄𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤪𞤭𞤹𞤼𞤧 𞤺𞤪𞤮𞤵𞤨𞤧) 𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤦𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤷𞤫𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤. 𞤘𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤱𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤢 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤁𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤢𞤤 (𞤃𞤢𞤴)⹁ 𞤳𞤢 𞤦𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤵 (𞤨𞤢𞤪𞤤𞤭𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲𞤼)⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤧𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫. "𞤃𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤴 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤮𞤰𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭"⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵 𞤅𞤮𞤸⹁ 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤏𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤊𞤮𞤼𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤐𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤮 (𞤌𞤘𞤍)⹁ 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐⹁ 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤩𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤵. "𞤐𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤫𞤤𞤣𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤴𞤮 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮𞤲⹁" 𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤭. 𞤖𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤌𞤘𞤍 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤴𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥕 𞤔𞤮𞤤𞤢𞤤 (𞤐𞤮𞤩𞤫𞤲'𞤦𞤫𞤪) "𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤬𞤫𞤸𞤪𞤫 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅"⹁ 𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞥅. "𞤅𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤭’𞤢𞤴 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤥𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤣𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤⹁" 𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞥅. 𞤘𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤤𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤼𞤫𞤬𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤮𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤫𞤴𞤢 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤑𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥖. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤂𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤑𞤵𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤫⹁ 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤒𞤢𞤪𞤳𞤮𞤥𞤢𞥄 (𞤌𞤳𞤼𞤮𞤦𞤫𞤪)⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤬𞤵𞤧 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢. 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤱𞤭’𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤸𞤮⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤫𞤤. 𞤒𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞥅 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞤽𞤢𞥄. 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐 𞤱𞤭𞥅. 𞤔𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤲𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤤𞤢𞤱𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤧) 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 (𞤷𞤮𞤥𞤭𞤧𞥆𞤭𞤮𞤲) 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤮𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤲⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤼𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤭’𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤶𞤢𞤤𞤳𞤭𞤼𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤷𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤. "𞤉 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤷𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤲𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤮 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤 (𞤶𞤵𞤣𞤭𞤷𞤭𞤢𞤤 𞤧𞤴𞤧𞤼𞤫𞤥) 𞤲𞤢𞤺𞤤"⹁ 𞤄𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤅𞤮𞤸⹁ 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤑𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐. "𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤶𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤵" ⹁ 𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞥅. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫 𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤼𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤫 (𞤧𞤼𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤫) 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤮𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤒𞤢𞤪𞤳𞤮𞤥𞤢𞥄/𞤌𞤷𞤼𞤮𞤦𞤫𞤪⹁ 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤷𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤨𞤮𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤧𞤮𞤳𞤭⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤧𞤮 𞤴𞤭’𞤮𞤴𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤺𞤮𞥅 𞤶𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤮. "𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢⹁ 𞤷𞤫𞤥𞤦𞤫 𞤳𞤭𞤧𞤢𞤤 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤴𞤫𞤲𞥆𞤢 𞤥𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤫 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲"⹁ 𞤃𞤣. 𞤄𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤅𞤮𞤸 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐. "𞤅𞤮 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤼 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤"⹁ 𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤭. 𞤃𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤔𞤢𞤲 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤥𞤮 𞤥𞤭𞤻𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤻𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮⹁ 𞤳𞤢 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤵𞤪𞤵⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫: " 𞤃𞤵𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤭 (𞤸𞤢𞤩𞤢𞤲𞤭) 𞤳𞤮𞥅" . 𞤃𞤭𞤻𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤏𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤧𞤵𞤳𞤢 𞤥𞤮 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤭 𞥑𞥖 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤢 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤵𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤴𞤭𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞤸⹁ 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤬𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 (𞤵𞤨𞤪𞤭𞤧𞤭𞤲'𞤺) 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭. 𞤈𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤮𞤦𞤧𞤫𞤪𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤧) 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤨𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤧𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤨𞤢𞤧 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤧𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤬𞤵𞤧 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤬𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤵 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭. 𞤏𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤏𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤔𞤢𞤥 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤮⹁ 𞤫 𞤦𞤵𞤴 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤱𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤩𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤫𞤸𞤪𞤫. 𞤉 𞤬𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤏𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤋𞤈𞤋𞤐⹁ 𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞥅: " Ny𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮 𞤥𞤭𞤻𞤮 𞤢𞤥 𞤮𞥅 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞤴𞤣𞤫. 𞤌 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤮 (𞤦𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤢𞤤) 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤫 𞤳𞤢 𞤸𞤮𞤰𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵. 𞤚𞤢𞤱𞤭 (𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤭) 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤫𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤺𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤥𞤮. "𞤊𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤭’𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤫𞤸𞤪𞤫⹁ (𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞥒𞥓𞥐 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞥅). 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤮. 𞤔𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤧𞤭 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞤢𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤴 (𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤴) 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤬𞤭𞤳𞤫 𞤩𞤫. "𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤴𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 –𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅. 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤥𞤨𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭⹁ 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤴𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤤⹁ 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤮𞥅 (𞤖𞤢𞤥𞤣𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭…) 𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤐'𞤁𞤢𞤴𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤧𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮. "𞤐'𞤁𞤢𞤴𞤺𞤵 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤭𞤳𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢⹁ 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤧𞤮 𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞤱⹁ 𞤢𞤣𞤮 𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤭𞤳𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 (𞤖𞤢𞤥𞤣𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭). 𞤀𞤪𞤢𞤲 𞤲𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤫 𞤨𞤮𞤥𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤨𞤮𞤷𞥆𞤮𞤤 (𞤧𞤢𞤬𞥆𞤫𞤱𞤮𞤤) 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤯𞤫 (𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭) 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤴𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤵⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤨𞤮𞤥𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤵⹁ 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤢 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞥕𞥐𞥐 𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪 𞤱𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤬𞤵𞤧 𞤧𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤫𞤦𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤔𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤢 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥 𞤨𞤮𞤥𞤨𞤭 𞤦𞤢𞤤𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤭𞤧𞤮𞥅 (𞤩𞤭𞤤𞤮𞥅) 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥. "𞤃𞤵𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞤴 𞤳𞤢𞤧 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤧𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤤𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤫𞤤𞤯𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤢𞤥. "𞤃𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 (𞤖𞤢𞤥𞤣𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭)⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤼𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞤲𞤺𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤬𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤫𞤶𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤷𞤢𞤴⹁ 𞤧𞤭𞤦𞤵 𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤫𞤸𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤤 –𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞤢𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤯𞤭𞥅. 𞥒𞥒 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤮𞤼𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤫𞤶𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤫𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤵𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤱. "𞤃𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤴 𞤷𞤮𞤬𞤼𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫 (𞤷𞤵𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤫𞤩𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤧) 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫. "𞤐'𞤘𞤵𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤭𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤯𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤵𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤩𞤫𞥅. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞤸⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤼𞤵⹁ 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤫𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤼𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤱. "𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤪𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤮 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤢⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤵𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤵 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤧𞤵𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤬. 𞤑𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤮𞥅 𞤧𞤵𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞤦𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭 (𞤬𞤵𞤼𞤵𞤪𞤫) 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅. "𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤵𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤭𞤼𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤯𞤫𞤲. 𞥟 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤤𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤫𞥅⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲." 𞤖𞤮𞤲𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤵𞤪𞤵 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤢𞤤 𞤅𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮 𞥒𞥒⹁ 𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤣𞤵𞤻𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭) 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤵؟ 𞤉𞤲 𞤴𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤴 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤢𞤪𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤸𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤵𞤼𞥆𞤢⹁ 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤤 𞤥𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤵𞤲. 𞤒𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤩𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤰𞤫𞤪𞤫. Alphabet adlam ‮ ‮𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭: 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤵𞤲 𞤯𞤵𞤲: 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤫'𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤭𞥅𞤤𞤮𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤲 𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤵𞥅-𞤀𞥄𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢'𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤀𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤦𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤥𞤵𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤻𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤬𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤬𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. 𞤯𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤵𞤲: 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤱𞤭'𞤭: 𞤥𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤲𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤼𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤵𞤲: 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤵 𞤫 𞤥𞤵'𞤵𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤲 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢⹁ 𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤭𞤧𞤢𞤤: 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄 𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤢𞤧𞤢 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭⹁ 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮’𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤚𞤭𞤦𞤫𞤼 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤧𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤅𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤥𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤯𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤫𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤮’𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤳𞤭𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤯𞤫 (𞤶𞤵𞤪𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭) 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤪𞤢𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲: ‮ {{P1|[[Maali| ‮𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 ‮𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳. 𞤐'𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥑.𞥒𞥔𞥐.𞥑𞥙𞥒 𞤳𞤥𞥒⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥖 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞥑𞥗.𞥙𞥙𞥔.𞥘𞥓𞥗. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 (𞤳𞤢𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤) 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 (𞥑.𞥙𞥒𞥖.𞥗𞥔𞥘 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒)). 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤴𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳. 𞤑𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳 𞤬𞤵𞥅. 𞤉𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤶𞤫𞤪𞤭. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤋𞤦𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤭𞤥 𞤄𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤢𞤪 𞤑𞤢𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤑𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤮𞤦𞤮 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭 𞤭𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥑 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫𞤲. 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤭𞤤 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤫𞤼𞤢 𞤤𞤭𞤩𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤭 𞤮 𞤬𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤮𞤴𞤭𞥅 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤. ‮𞤁𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤺𞤪𞤢𞤨𞤸𞤴 ‮== 𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 == 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤢𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤅𞤵𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲 (𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫)⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥐 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤷𞤵𞤩𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 "𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤭" 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤢𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵 𞤅𞤵𞤲𞤶𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤑𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤫𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫). 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭𞤦𞥆𞤮 𞤑𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤮 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤮 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤭𞤧𞤥𞤵 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤴𞤭𞤪𞤦𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤩𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤭𞤻𞤷𞤵𞤪𞤵 𞤪𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤵. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥘⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤃𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤢𞥄 𞤚𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤫. 𞤌𞥅𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥑 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤭 𞤨𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤤𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤵𞤧 𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤤𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤴𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤧𞤫𞤨𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤼𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤭. 𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤪𞤶𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤢𞤪𞤥𞤫 𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤥𞤮 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤀𞤸𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫. 𞤌𞥅𞤲 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤮 𞤸𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞤱𞤭𞤤𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤓𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤚𞤵𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤢𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒. 𞤆𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤮 𞤮𞥅⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤥𞤢𞤣𞤵 𞤅𞤢𞤲𞤮𞤺𞤮⹁ 𞤱𞤭'𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤫 𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤧𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤚𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫𞤺𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤭𞤧𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤭𞤤 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥒 𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅⹁ 𞤮𞥅𞤲 𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤢 𞤩𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤷𞥆𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮. 𞤇𞤫 𞤫𞤱𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞤤-𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤀𞥁𞤢𞤱𞤢𞤣. 𞤖𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄. 𞤄𞤢𞤪𞤳𞤭 𞤀𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤕𞤉𞤁𞤉𞤀𞤌 (𞤁𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤊𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵 𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫) 𞤳𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤯𞤢𞤤𞤭𞥅 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤣𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤷𞤢𞤦𞥆𞤮𞤪𞤺𞤵⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤔𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤢 𞤚𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤴 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤂𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤷𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅. 𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤕𞤉𞤁𞤉𞤀𞤌 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤤𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤩𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞥓𞥕𞥐𞥐 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤣𞤢𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤤𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤥𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞤸𞤮⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤥𞤰𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤥𞤲𞤫𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤮𞥅𞤴𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤂𞤭𞤧𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞥅 𞤲'𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄-𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤴𞤫𞤪𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫) 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤚𞤮𞤲'𞤦𞤵𞤼𞤵⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤱𞤢𞤣𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤫𞤤𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤢𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢 𞤀𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤵𞥅. ‮== 𞤅𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤱𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 == 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫⹁ 𞤐𞤭𞤶𞤫𞤪 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫. 𞤀𞤤𞤶𞤫𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤸𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤣𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤫 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤳𞤭𞤲𞤢-𞤊𞤢𞤧𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭. 𞤐'𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤴𞤮 𞤳𞤭𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞥑.𞥒𞥔𞥐.𞥐𞥐𞥐. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤫. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤷𞤭. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤐𞤭𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪 𞤫 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭. 𞤏𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤵 𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤦𞤮𞤴 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞥅 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤘𞤵𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤥. 𞤑𞤢𞥄𞤰𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭: 𞤸𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤢𞤺𞤢𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤫 𞤌𞤥𞤦𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤫 𞤀𞤣𞤢𞤪𞤢-𞤋𞤬𞤮𞤪𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤶𞤫𞤪𞤭. 𞤐𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵 𞤃𞤮𞥅𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤫. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲. 𞤂𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭. 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞤽𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤄𞤮𞥅𞤦𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤵𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤽𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤢𞤬𞤢𞤪𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫. 𞤘𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤴𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤥𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤢𞤱𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭⹁ 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤻𞤫𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤱𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫. 𞤛𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫. 𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲. 𞥞 𞤉𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤦𞤫⹁ 𞤫𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤭! 𞤂𞤵𞥅𞤥𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤲⹁ 𞤢𞤯𞤢 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞥅 𞤢𞤯𞤢 𞤴𞤭𞤯𞤭. Alphabet adlam ‮ ‮𞤐'𞤁𞤭𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤴𞤭𞤯𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤢𞤲𞤫𞥅 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤩𞤢𞤲𞤫𞥅. 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅. 𞤚𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤃𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭⹁ 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫𞤫⹁ 𞤲𞤢 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤑𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤧𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤦𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 "𞤖𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤢𞤥 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭"⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭𞥅 𞤺𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤺𞤢. 𞥟 𞤑𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤼𞤮 𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤼𞤮𞥅؟ 𞥟 𞤑𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤫𞤯𞤭 𞤲𞤭: 𞤃𞤭 𞤬𞤫𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤃𞤭 𞤸𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤃𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤻𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤃𞤭 𞤱𞤵𞤶𞥆𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤃𞤭 𞤶𞤢𞤲𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤮. 𞤃𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤬𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤃𞤭 𞤼𞤢𞤰𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤫𞤲𞤯𞤢𞤥. 𞤍𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅؟ 𞤑𞤮 𞤢𞤣𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤢 𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤱𞤥𞤢. 𞤩𞤫 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢. 𞤇𞤫 𞤳𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤮𞤪𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤩𞤫. 𞤖𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤢⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤼𞤮𞤶𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫. 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤲𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤸𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤺𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤫. 𞤩𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤯𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤪𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅. 𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤵 𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢. 𞤑𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤻𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤮𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤶𞤭𞤯𞤲𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤪𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤢𞥄. 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞤮 𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤮𞤰𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤭. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤧𞤮𞤳𞤤𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤼𞤵 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤢 𞤲𞤫𞤱𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅. Alphabet adlam ‮𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤼𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤼𞥆𞤫𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤼𞥆𞤫 𞤣𞤵 𞤸𞤵𞤬𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞤪𞤭𞤼𞤳𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤧 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤪𞤢𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤧. 𞤏𞤭𞤳𞤭𞤨𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤭𞤴𞤢 Alphabet adlam ‮𞤋𞤲𞤣𞤫. 𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤴𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢 𞤦𞤢𞤽𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤬. (𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤼𞤭𞤦𞤢 𞤱𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤮𞤱 𞤶𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭.). 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤫 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 (𞤭𞥅𞤧𞤢 𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤽𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫). 𞤑𞤮 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤲 𞤲'𞤶𞤭𞤣𞥆𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤇𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤭'𞤭𞥅⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢 Alphabet adlam ‮𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 (𞤫𞤲. 𞤘𞤢𞤲'𞤦𞤭𞤢) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤧𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤭𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳. 𞤐'𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥑𞥑.𞥒𞥙𞥕 𞤳𞤥𞥒⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥓 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞥑.𞥘𞥘𞥒.𞥔𞥕𞥐. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 (𞤳𞤢𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤) 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤴𞤮 𞤄𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤵𞤤𞤵 (𞤫𞤲. 𞤄𞤢𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤤). 𞤖𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤕𞤉𞤁𞤉𞤀𞤌 (𞤉𞤕𞤌𞤏𞤀𞤅). ‮𞤔𞤵𞤦𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤿𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞥅 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥔𞥕𞥕⹁ 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤱𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤴𞤺𞤵 𞤶𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥗𞥒𞥓⹁ 𞤉𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤫 𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭. 𞤁𞤮𞤴-𞤣𞤮𞤴⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤳𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤼𞤮 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤇𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤪𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤭 𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤉𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤬𞤭𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞥑𞥘𞥘𞥙. 𞤋𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥔 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤤𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤄𞤭𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤫ʼ𞤫𞤲. 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥖𞥕⹁ 𞤁𞤢𞤱𞤣𞤢 𞤑𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞤲. 𞤉 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥑⹁ 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤱𞤭ʼ𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤑𞤵𞤳𞤮𞤴 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤢𞥄 𞤤𞤭𞤩𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥⹁ 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤭 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵. 𞤌𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤢 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤯𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤬𞤫𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 (𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭) 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤱𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤪𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤭 𞤻𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤮𞤺𞤭 𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥙. 𞤙𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥒 𞤴𞤵𞤤𞤭𞤴𞤵𞤸𞤵 (𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤧𞤮) 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥔 𞤧𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤮𞤬𞤭𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤨𞤭𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤔𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤫 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤭𞥅 𞤰𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢. 𞤖𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤢𞤦𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤫𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤪𞤮𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤢𞤪𞤢 𞤸𞤵𞤥𞤲𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤯𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤫 𞤬𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤵𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭. 𞤘𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞥑𞥙𞥙𞥔 𞤳𞤮 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤔𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤫 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤧𞤭𞤬𞤮𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤭 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤶𞤮𞤶𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤫𞤯𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫⹁ 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤶𞤵𞤪𞤲𞤢𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭). 𞤒𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤔𞤢𞤥𞥆𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤭𞤺𞥆𞤮𞤤 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤽𞤭𞤻𞤫𞤪𞤫. ‮𞤂𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 ‮𞤂𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤼𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤯𞤫𞤲: 𞤅𞤫𞤩𞥆𞤫 (𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫)⹁ 𞤐'𞤔𞤮𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤔𞤮𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫. 𞤍𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤫𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤯𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤯𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤼𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲: 𞤥𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤶𞤮𞤤𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤳𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 (𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫) 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭. ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤅𞤫𞤪𞥆𞤫𞤳𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤢 𞥓𞥖𞥒.𞥙𞥘𞥖 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥓) 𞤄𞤪𞤭𞤳𞤢𞤥𞤢 𞥘𞥔.𞥖𞥐𞥘 𞤄𞤢𞤳𞤢𞤵 𞥕𞥓.𞥗𞥖𞥖 𞤄𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤵𞤤𞤵 𞥓𞥔.𞥘𞥒𞥘 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤴 Alphabet adlam ‮𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 (𞤲𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞤲) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤣𞤮𞤽𞤭 𞤫 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤐'𞤁𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤼𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫. ‮𞤔𞤮𞥅𞤺𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤬𞤭 ‮𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 (𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫) 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤼𞤢 𞥘𞥐.𞥐𞥐𞥐 𞤑𞤥𞥒. 𞤍𞤭𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤫𞥅 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭: 𞤦𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤫⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤽𞤫𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤮𞤽𞤭⹁ 𞤨𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭. 𞤕𞤢’𞤫 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤤: 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤫 𞤢𞤴𞤯𞤫 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭. 𞤄𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤤 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮: 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫 (𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤤𞤢𞤤: 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤫) 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤧𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤦𞤵𞤪𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. 𞤊𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞥅𞤱𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭’𞤫𞥅 𞤊𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤂𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤢⹁ 𞤸𞤭𞤲'𞤺𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢 𞤥𞤫𞥅𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞥑𞥕𞥑𞥕. 𞤉 𞤲'𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤵 (𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤪𞤵 𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤭𞤤 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤮𞤼𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤦𞤵𞤪)⹁ 𞤼𞤮𞤩𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅. 𞤕𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢𞤱𞤮𞤤 (𞤷𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤁𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤢) 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭⹁ 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤱𞤮𞤤 (𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤮) 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤳𞤮 𞤼𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤵𞤦𞥆𞤭. 𞤒𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤷𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤺𞤮’𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤑𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤵𞤪𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤤𞤫𞤲𞤼𞤫𞤲 𞤫𞤳𞤲. 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤼𞤢 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤥 𞤷𞤢𞤲𞤯𞤭 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥. ‮𞤒𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 ‮𞤂𞤫𞤻𞤮𞤤 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤲𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤳𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤤𞤼𞤵𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤵𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤶𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤘𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤭𞤴𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤳𞤢 سنلخ𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤭. 𞤂𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤺𞤮’𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤔𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤭𞤲𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤻𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤄𞤢𞤧𞤢𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤄𞤢𞤶𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤫𞤳𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤫𞤥𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤱𞤮𞤱𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅. Ny𞤢𞤥𞤪𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤳𞤮𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤮⹁ 𞤬𞤮𞤻𞥆𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤳𞤵𞥅𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤫 𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤼𞤫𞥅. 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤢𞤷𞥆𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤢𞤥 𞤫𞤺𞥆𞤢-𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤶𞤮𞥅𞤲𞤭 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤭. 𞤒𞤵𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤤𞤭𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢. ‮𞤚𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 ‮𞤐'𞤁𞤢𞥄𞤪 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 [‮𞤱𞤫𞤦𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢] ‮𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤭 𞤺𞤵𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤺𞤵𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭. 𞤖𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤮𞤲 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤘𞤢𞤲𞤢 𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 (𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥙𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞥑𞥕𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫. 𞤘𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞥆𞤮 𞤲𞤮 𞤱𞤭’𞤫𞥅 𞤑𞤮𞤤𞤭 𞤚𞤫𞤽𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢. 𞤖𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤧𞤭𞤳𞥆𞤢𞥄 𞤑𞤮𞤤𞤭 𞤚𞤫𞤽𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤵 𞤫 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤥 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤢 𞤱𞤭’𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤚𞤫𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤭𞤤𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤮 𞤧𞤵𞤪𞥆𞤢𞥄 (𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥕𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫). 𞤑𞤢 𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤮𞤪𞤵𞤥 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞤧𞤤𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤳𞤮 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤅𞤮𞥅𞤧𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤰𞥆𞤭 𞤺𞤮’𞤮 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤑𞤭𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤭𞤣𞤵𞤲𞤮 𞤫 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤶𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤽𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤳𞤮 𞤧𞤢𞤲𞤢𞤥𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤩𞤫 𞤪𞤫𞤱𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤭𞤼𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞤢𞤩𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤢𞤤𞤧𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞤳𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤫 𞤣𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤭𞤼𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤔𞤢𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲. 𞤖𞤢𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤶𞤭𞤸𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤭 𞤱𞤵𞤤𞤯𞤭 𞤸𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤭 𞤨𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤺𞤢𞤤. 𞤑𞤮 𞤳𞤢 𞤳𞤮𞤲𞤵 𞤚𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤢𞤲⹁ 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥗𞥒𞥕 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤭 𞤬𞤫𞤧 𞤩𞤫 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤭 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤤𞤢 𞤢𞤤𞤥𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤵𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄 𞤋𞤦𞤪𞤢𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤥𞤢 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤺𞤵⹁ 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤯𞤮 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄. 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞥙 𞤧𞤭𞤲𞤷𞤢𞥄. 𞤑𞤢𞤲𞤶𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭: 𞤚𞤭𞤥𞤦𞤮 (𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲)⹁ 𞤚𞤭𞤥𞤦𞤭 𞤚𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤑𞤫𞥅𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤴𞤭𞤲⹁ 𞤑𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤯𞤫⹁ 𞤇𞤵𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤊𞤮𞥅𞤣𞤫𞥅 𞤖𞤢𞤶𞥆𞤭⹁ 𞤊𞤵𞤺𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤂𞤢𞤦𞤫. 𞤁𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤲𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤪𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤯𞤮 𞤥𞤵𞤥. 𞤑𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭 𞤮𞤲 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤭 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤮𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤱⹁ 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤤𞥆𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤢. 𞤊𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤨𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤮 𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵⹁ 𞤼𞤵𞥅𞤺𞤭𞤲𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤢𞤤𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤷𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭⹁ 𞤅𞤮𞤪𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤀𞤤𞤬𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤸𞤢𞤨𞥆𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤣𞤵 𞤳𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤮𞤥𞤼𞤮𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤸𞤢𞤯𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 𞤬𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤵𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤷𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤭 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭. 𞤐'𞤁𞤫 𞤼𞤢𞤱𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤳𞤮 𞤲'𞤶𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤬𞤫𞤣𞤫𞤪𞤢𞤧𞤭𞤴𞤮𞤲⹁ 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤱𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤳𞥆𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤼𞤵𞤲 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤 𞤺𞤫𞤩𞤮𞤴 𞤺𞤫𞤩𞤮𞤴 𞤫 𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤳𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤤𞤮’𞤭𞤲𞤭 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤱𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤭 𞤊𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤧𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤. 𞤕𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞥅𞤤𞤵𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤳𞤢 𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤫 𞤆𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤢 𞤫 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥘𞥙𞥖⹁ 𞤩𞤫 𞤦𞤮𞤲𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭 𞤢𞤤𞤥𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤷𞤭 𞤴𞤵𞤩𞥆𞤮 𞤣𞤢𞤱𞤪𞤮𞤴𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. 𞤑𞤮 𞤯𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤼𞤭𞤥𞥆𞤭 𞤧𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤮𞤲 𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤢 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤵𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤺𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤫 𞤨𞤭𞤲𞤢𞤤 𞤫 𞤯𞤭𞤲 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭. 𞤉𞤲 𞤤𞤭𞤥𞤼𞤢𞤴 𞤴𞤮𞤺𞤢 𞤫 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫⹁ 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤥𞤮𞤳𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤵𞤩𞤫 𞤭𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮: 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵 𞤘𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤀𞤤𞤭𞤴𞥆𞤵 𞤇𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤢 𞤐'𞤁𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤥⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤵 𞤁𞤢𞤤𞤫𞤲⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤭𞤴𞤢𞤼𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞥄𞤧𞤭⹁ 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤃𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄. 𞤇𞤫𞤲 𞤷𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤬𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫 𞤯𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤫 𞤫 𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤢𞤦𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤳𞤢𞤻𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪⹁ 𞤱𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤣𞤫𞤬𞤼𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤭𞥅𞤲𞤢 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤫⹁ 𞤌𞥅𞤺𞤭𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤤⹁ 𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤕𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤮 𞤅𞤢𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤃𞤮𞤥𞤦𞤫𞤴𞤢𞥄 𞤱𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤭𞤬𞤭𞥅 𞤫 𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪. Gine Fulɓe S. G. T [‮𞤱𞤫𞤦𞤊𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤢] Alphabet adlam ‮𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫-𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮⹁ 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮⹁ 𞤳𞤮 𞤢𞤤𞤣𞤢𞥄 𞤫 𞤨𞤮𞤷𞤢𞤤 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤) 𞤳𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤀𞤬𞤭𞤪𞤭𞤳 𞤖𞤭𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭⹁ 𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤵𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 (𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭) 𞤳𞤢 𞤬𞤵𞤲𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫 𞤫 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞤤 𞤳𞤢 𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤮. 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤺𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞥅𞤪𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞤱𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲 𞤲𞤮 𞤬𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤄𞤢𞤸𞤢𞤪𞤵 𞤀𞤼𞤢𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭𞤳 𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤌𞤧𞤫𞤴𞤢𞤲 𞤀𞤼𞤭𞤤𞤢𞤲𞤼𞤭. 𞤐'𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤼𞤵𞤣𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞥓𞥖.𞥑𞥒𞥐 𞤳𞤥𞥒⹁ 𞤶𞤢𞤥𞤢𞥄 𞤸𞤮𞤯𞤵𞤯𞤮 𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤴𞤪𞤭 𞤲𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤱𞤼𞤢𞤴𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤬𞤫𞤱𞤲'𞤣𞤮 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥔 𞤴𞤭𞤥𞤩𞤫 𞥑.𞥖𞥙𞥓.𞥓𞥙𞥘. 𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤮𞤪𞤣𞤫 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤲 𞤳𞤮 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮⹁ 𞥓𞥙𞥕.𞥙𞥕𞥔 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥐). 𞤂𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤭𞥅 𞤧𞤵𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤫 (𞤣𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫) 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤺𞤮. 𞤑𞤢 𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤳𞤢 𞤳𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤐'𞤘𞤢𞥄𞤦𞤵⹁ 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤢𞤲𞥆𞤮𞤲'𞤺𞤵 𞤫 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤢𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫 (𞤉𞤥𞤨𞤭𞤪𞤫 𞤣𞤵 𞤃𞤢𞤤𞤭) 𞤩𞤵𞤪𞤭 𞤤𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤵𞤣𞤫. 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤵𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤫𞤲 𞤢𞤣𞤭𞤲𞤮 𞤶𞤮𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤣𞤫 𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞥄𞤴𞤮 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤸𞤵𞥅𞤼𞤮𞤪𞤭 𞤯𞤵𞤥 𞤫 𞤺𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤫𞥅𞤴𞤺𞤵 𞤶𞤭𞤴𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤫 𞤩𞤢𞤤𞤫𞥅𞤩𞤫. 𞤑𞤮 𞤲𞤮𞤲 𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤪𞤭 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲 𞤬𞤮𞤱 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤩𞤫 𞤱𞤢𞤼𞥆𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴 𞤳𞤢𞤪𞤸𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫. 𞤖𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥕𞥖 𞤬𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞤆𞤀𞤋𞤘𞤕 (𞤊𞤫𞤣𞥆𞤫 𞤱𞤮𞤲𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞤸𞤫𞤼𞥆𞤢𞥄𞤪𞤫 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤫 𞤑𞤢𞥄𞤨𞤮 𞤏𞤫𞤪𞤣𞤫) 𞤬𞤵𞤯𞥆𞤭𞥅 𞤷𞤭𞤨𞥆𞤭𞤪𞤮 𞤲'𞤺𞤮𞤲. Ny𞤢𞤲𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥔 𞤧𞤵𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤦𞤢𞤪 𞤩𞤫 𞤲𞤮𞤣𞥆𞤭 𞤶𞤫𞤴𞤼𞤢𞤤 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤖𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮-𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤢𞤪𞤢𞤲𞤮 𞤮𞤲 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤂𞤵𞤭𞤧 𞤕𞤢𞤦𞤪𞤢𞤤. 𞤉 𞤲'𞤣𞤫𞤪 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥑𞥙𞥘𞥐⹁ 𞤷𞤢𞤺𞥆𞤢𞤤 𞤧𞤮𞤳𞤮𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤶𞤭 𞤸𞤫𞥅𞤱𞤯𞤭 𞤫 𞤦𞤢𞤽𞥆𞤫 𞤲'𞤺𞤢𞤤𞤵𞥅𞤶𞤭 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭⹁ 𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤫 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤭 𞤕𞤢𞤦𞤪𞤢𞤤 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤭𞥅. 𞤑𞤮 𞤔𞤮ã𞤮 𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤮 𞤜𞤭𞤫𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤸𞤮𞥅𞤪𞤫𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤥𞤢𞤩𞥆𞤫 𞤸𞤢𞥄 𞤳𞤢𞤲𞤳𞤮 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤥𞤭𞤲𞤭𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤪𞤭𞥅𞤶𞤮 𞤺𞤮'𞤮 𞤱𞤭'𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤑𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤒𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤶𞤢𞤩𞤼𞤭 𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤥𞤵 𞤲'𞤺𞤵𞤲 𞤫 𞤶𞤵𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤥𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤮. 𞤜𞤭𞤫𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤣𞤮𞤺𞤭 𞤴𞤢𞤸𞤪𞤭 𞤆𞤮𞤪𞤼𞤮𞤳𞤫𞥅𞤧𞤭. 𞤊𞤭𞤼𞤭𞤲𞤢 𞤫 𞤶𞤭𞥅𞤩𞤵-𞤶𞤢𞥄𞤩𞤵 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤤𞤫𞤴𞤣𞤭 𞤲'𞤣𞤭𞤲. 𞤑𞤵𞤥𞤦𞤢 𞤒𞤢𞤤𞤢 𞤳𞤢𞤣𞤭 𞤬𞤮𞤤𞥆𞤢𞥄⹁ 𞤪𞤫𞤦𞤫𞤤𞤶𞤮 𞤭𞤲𞥆𞤫𞤼𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤮 𞤃𞤢𞤲𞤫 𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤼𞤭 𞤫 𞤥𞤵𞤪𞤼𞤢𞤤𞤣𞤵. 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤮 𞤺𞤭𞤤𞤢 𞤱𞤮𞥅𞤼𞤫 𞤧𞤢𞤳𞥆𞤭𞤼𞤭𞥅𞤯𞤫 𞤯𞤫𞤲 𞤸𞤭𞤼𞤢𞥄𞤲'𞤣𞤫 𞥒𞥐𞥐𞥕 (𞤳𞤮 𞤔𞤮ã𞤮 𞤄𞤫𞤪𞤲𞤢𞤪𞤣𞤮 𞤜𞤭𞤫𞤭𞤪𞤢 𞤺𞤢𞤻𞤭𞤲𞤮𞥅 𞤯𞤫) 𞤘𞤭𞤲𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞤸𞤫𞤩𞤼𞤭𞥅 𞤣𞤫𞥅𞤰𞤫𞤪𞤫 𞤧𞤫𞥅𞤯𞤢. ‮𞤁𞤫𞤥𞤮𞤺𞤪𞤢𞤨𞤸𞤴 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤵𞥅𞤪𞤫 𞤄𞤭𞤧𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮 𞥓𞥙𞥕.𞥙𞥕𞥔 (𞥒𞥐𞥑𞥐) 𞤘𞤢𞤦𞤵 𞥓𞥗.𞥕𞥒𞥕 𞤄𞤢𞤬𞤢𞤼á 𞥓𞥔.𞥗𞥖𞥐 ‮𞤘𞤢𞤤𞥆𞤫𞤪𞤴 Alphabet adlam Meksiko ko leydi e Aameerik. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Meksiko yo Dawla Meksiko. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.972.550 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2013 yimɓe 118.395.000. Leydi Aameerik Monngoliya (mn. Monggol Ulus) ko leydi e Aasiya. Laamorde (kapital) leydi Monngoliya yo Ulanbator. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 1.566.000 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 3.238.479 yimɓe. Gaalluure Ulanbator (1.444.669) Erdenet (83.379) Darkhan (74.738) Gallery Leydi Aasiya Montenegoro ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 13.812 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 631.219. Laamorde nden ko Podgorika. Kammbooja ɓadaaki maayo, gennɗe fiiluɗe Montenegoro yo Korowaasiya, Bosniya e Herzegovina, Serbiya, Albaniya. Harijs Lillis Krosbijs (Takoma, Amerikas Savienotās Valstis, 1903. gada 3. maijs - Alkobendas, Spānija, 1977. gada 14. oktobris), labāk pazīstams kā Bings Krosbijs, bija amerikāņu dziedātājs (krooners) un aktieris ar pusgadsimta māksliniecisko karjeru, kuru uzskatīja par pirmā multimediju zvaigzne Bings Krosbijs bija vislabāk pārdotais un veiksmīgākais 20. gadsimta mūzikas akts pasaulē. Yimɓe Siegfried & Roy (1939 / 1944 – 2020). Yimɓe Veliko Tarnovo (bg. Велико Търново) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Bulgariya(1185-1393). Labe no jogii hannde 73.563 (2015) yimɓe. Demography Internet Veliko Tarnovo Bulgariya Iwdi ndin E duubi yawtudi yimbe yihii ñabbeli rabbodi hewudi hino saaki e deer aduna on fow. din ñabbeli ko e kulle iwii hino rabba cooli e kuule godde nde wonde nde bibbe ñaawu hino wawi kddi raabude yimbe  ko dun woni rabbodirugol hakkude neddo e neddo. ko dun innetee rabbugol zoonotic sabbu ko e kulle iwii. Wodondirugol (wietee distance physique) hino twa e feere duytugol maa reenagol ñabbeli siifa korona. Distanciation physique  ko woddagol yimbe ben be fotaa fotude e jamaa' madun rentagol  natude e nder yimbe hewube si tawi hino waawi wonude.  Doctor Jeff kwong ko o jooma gandal fii ko yehi e ñabbeli rabbodi  e universite Toronto ko on wi'ii woo yimbe ben fotii woddodirude fii rentagol ñawu ngun kono wona fii wondema ontigi on suddoto hara yaltaani. jooma gande en hebbi feere  no yimbe Ben humpodirta hara be battodiraani. Fii famugol golle distanciation sociale en daaray golle ko jooma gandal en fewnii ko yehi e mun. E den golle ,  konti wadaama fii  darnugol covid-19 e hittande 2019/2020. konti fudaama gila leydi chine, ko nawnaare den fuddi don  e kaddi ndaarugol ko honno nawnaare  COVID-19 hewtiiri haa Afrik du sud.  dun waalii e andugol nafoore woddodirugol maa distanciation sociale  fii daarnugol raabugol COVID-19. Jannde wadaama fii no boneeji woddodirugol reenirte. Fason no ñawu robbowo yi'iirte Nabbeli rabbodi wano covid 19 no raabira  e sifaaji taati.Din sifaaji hino winnda ley. Joma gande fii ñabbeli din be wi'ii nawnaare den ko laabi tati  nde wayloto . Si a ndaari laawol makko , a yihay maddeji hollaydi  ko yimbe njello newnaare den raabi e ko honno de raabirii be. Sengo addigo gon fuddote ka fuddade newnaare . E missal si en jeeti no nawnaare covid 19 nden yaajirta ni ko dun hollirta fuddode yajulgo nawnaare den e daara le ko yimbe seeda joggino ñawu ngun. Sifaa dimmo on ko " raabugol jaama on fop". Dun yahay haa nawnaare nden jeeta nokelji buy hara hino jaaga yimbe buy.  Don ara anditaabe wa nawnuube  no dudii  e hibe beydo ñannde woo haara hibe saati jokkude. Lambe buy  darrnii fii woyasugol otojii ndin, kanbe e sariyaaji dental fii cellal ka adduna. Sariyaaji fii cellal aduna yaltinaama  fii reenagol, watangol yiili  e cellal jamaa on e hakunde leydiji ndin . Wodondirugol hino tawa e ndin sariyaaji. E sifaa taatabo on  hooliri naawnaarr waawa duytede ko dun si a yi'i hebaani hen rabbabe Fii haabegol ngun ñawu  hino laabi ñawu wano COVID-19 hino yaawi ko naatata e yimbe. ko fii dun wondondirugol hino waawi waluude buy  fii haabegol rabbugol ñawu ngun. Wondondirugol maa" distanciation physique" Distanciation  physique (wodondirugol) no wawii dandude nawnube ben raaba yimbe sellube ben . ko dun waddi cae den waddi ko wietee konfine  ka dingiraaji mabbe e kaddi reeno naatude e jamaa. ko gouwernment on subbi nden cae. Den sifaa cae no jojinaa e Afrik du sud haray hay gooto yaltataa si minuit Yoni  gila  26  mars 2020 haa  26 avril 2020, e kaddi balde 14 beyditaama. Angal yaltugol ngol subaama e tombere 27 (2) fii  watugol yi'lli e musiba on e kadi yombe ben tonka battondirde. E din piiji , tobbere 11B fii watugol yi'lli: Mo bee yo wonu ka galle mun , si Wana gollobe ben  be andandaa ko maa be wadda golle mabbe den, e kadi neddo no wawii yaltude fii soodugol piiji di andandaa be waawataa wonude e baawo min. Tertagol moobodirugol e jamaa si wanaa fatunde waddi (hay dun fotaa burude yimbe 50). Accugol woyassugol hakude cae e cae. Accugol woyasude hakude region e department. Subbagol ko hono e ko hondun yimbe ben fotii yeeyude. Bitikaaji yeeyay ñaamete kono yimbe ben hino fotii wodondirude ko fotii meteer gooto e kaddi toppito laabal ngal ( wano jogagol ko soodorte) e wadugol ko dandata yimbe ben COVID- 19. Sariyaaji ndin kadi: Accugol woyasude e avion madun Lana. Accugol yeeyugol beere e simme. Duytugol ko otojii ndin dogata kon. Itam terelin yi may nañu ñi ngank nguur gi gir  ñu berr yenn nit yi.Matukay yi ñu jel ci wallu berr nit yi dafay tax ba nit yi ñu japp ni am nañu doomu jangoro ji wala ñu laale ak ku ko am ñu berr leen ci benn giir. Dafay tax ñu mena beddi nit yi am mbass mi ci nit yi ko amul. Afrique du Sud- royuwaay ci wall wi Terelin yi ñu jel yepp tax na ba mbass mi di COVID-19 lawam gaawul torop tek ci wañeku bu baax wante reewum Afrique du Sud ci adduna wengel kep ñoo jiitu ci wallum xeex mbass mi. Waa Afrique du Sud toppuñu njangat bi am ci wallu mbass li jem ci mungi yek wall mungi wacc. Dañu jeggi ñaarelu pacc mbass mi ndaxte amuñuwoon yokkute ci mbass mi wante itam jankontewuñu ak wallante bu gaaw ci diggante nit ak nit ci benn gox. Xayma bi ñu def ci lim u ñinga xamantani amoon nañu doomu jangoro bi joggena ci ñint fukk ak ñaar ci xayma dem ci  ñint ci xayma gannaaw bañu fonke ak jeffe terelin yooyu. Li dafa wane ni wallante ci diggante nit ak nit ci benn gox dafa wañeku bu baaxa baax loolu moo tax ba limu ñi am mbass mi wañeku bu baaxa bax. Waa dekk bi danu yabal ay fajj kat yu seen xam xam macc ci wergu yaram u nit yi nekk ci dekk dekkan yi pur defal leen ay test ci ker gu nekk ci gox goxan yi. Njitum rew ma, Cyril Ramaphosa dafa wax ak waa askanam ci jumtukay bu melni televisiong ci bessu juroom ñint fan ci weer u Avril atum ñaari juni at ak ñaari fukk pur wax ci matuwaay yi dekk ba jel munileen: " Nangu ngeen bepp terelin buñu teggoon.Wante itam nangu ngeen bepp matuwaay buñuleen waxoon ngeen jel koci wall dem bi ak dikk bi ba ci sax xañ leen seen moomel ci bess bi." Fajj kat yi seen xam xam macc ci wallu feebar yi di walle neenañu mbass mi mungi fii ba tay wallante bi men na nekk ba tay. "Wante terelin yi nguur gi jel tax na ba wallante bi wañeku bu baaxa baax te loolu taxna ba ñu am jot bu baax pur jublu ci leneen". Moo tax nak dinanu jemma xol nuñuy yolomale terelin yi ñu tenkoon. Ci tenk COVID-19 feebar la bo xamantani werr na adduna bi yepp gannaaw banu xame ni nit yi ko njekka am ci dekk bu tudd Wuhan ci reewum Chine ci jextal u atum ñaari juni at  ak fukk ak juroom ñint. Kangam u Chinois yi senn xam xam macc ci wallu wergu yaram xay ma nañu ñaari fanna yo xamantani men na tax ñu xeex jangoro bi rawatina wergu yaram u nit yi di nekk ci bereb yi di nit yi di dajee:( 1) Saytu ak fagaru ci mbass mi itam (2) amal ay gestu ci wallu xam xam ci wallu mbass mi. Kangamu Chinois yi ci wallu wergu yaram def nañu liggeey bu yemm manna ba tax ñu xam xeetu Coronavirus bi ba taxna bankas bi ngank wallu wergu yaram ci aduna bi fexe na ba ñu jakarlo ak mbass mi am ci atum ñaari juni at ak ñaari fukk jem ci wallu xeex ko. Wallu sorriwante bi diggante nit ak nit wane ni am na njariñ loolu ci li jem ci wallu xeex mbass mi com niko reewum Afrik du Sud defe.Kurel yi tenk wallu doxalinu mbass mi ak itam naka lañuy  fagaro neenañu am na solo torop ñuy degante ak sunuy am di jamm, sunuy xarit, sunuy njabot, sunuy waa ker ndaxte men na nek ci telephon nuy wootante wala appel video ndaxte ñaak gissante ak nit ki nga begg yombul loolu te li ko waral du lenn ludul sorriwante bi. Kangam yi di yengu ci wallu wergu yaram neenañu ñuy genna bayante xel ci jamono yi nga xamantani nit yi dañuy jaxaso loolu ndax ragal gannaaw ba mbass mi nekkee fepp ci aduna ndaxte nit ku nekk am na numuy dunde sunu tolo ci jamono yu mel ni ba taxna ku nekk war na di bayi xel moromom pur ñu menna jefflante ak jafejafe feebar u yumu menna juur. References Nawnaare Korona hitande 2019 (COVID-19) nde anduda hino wawi rabude si ontigi on battike jogiido biddo Nawnaare den(Dupu e korona 2) o rabora Wobbe Biddo nawnaare den hino waawi hebede si tawi tun ontigi battike wondudo e biddo nawnaare den madun si ontigi memii piiji jogiidi nawnaare den madun memugol gitte, kine e hunduko. Fayda biddo nawnare den hino rabira e koyaltata e huduko, kinal madun si tawi ontigi hino doyyude madun illude. kala battido(buri fandude fayda meteer 1,8) hino wawii rabude godo nawnaare den. kono kadi ontigi hino wawii hebude nawnaare den si tawi o memii piiyi marude biddo nawnaare den madun memugol gitte den, kine den, noppi din e si o sodaaki haa labi Ko honto nawnaare den iwiii Nawnaare den  ata yiede ko e sare wietede Wuhan e leydi chine e fudaade hitannde 2019. Gila den nawnaare den yehii e aduna o fow . E lewru march hitannde 2020 fodde fi cellal aduna on holiri ko pandemik. Pandemik woni ko nawnaare rabode wonude e aduna on fow. Yesoyo fedde cellal e nder aduna on, Tedors Adnahom Gherbreyesus maaki nawnaare den wonata tun cadelle fii cellal kono memay caldi leydi ndin fow. "Mo kala ka woni fottii tawede fii habudugol e nde nawnaare." Afrik du Sud E lewru Awril hittande 2020 Yimbe 1845 joiibe korona e leydi Afrik du sud. nawnaare den warii yimbe sappo e jeetati, tawii yimbe 45 selliino feren. Dental fii cellal ka leydi mabbe wii, " jande hollii yimbe temedere e 60 hebay nawnaare den e Afrik du sud, kono be fow be nawnidaata." Fii wantaol yili e nawnaare den sare den uduma gila mars 2020, kaddi presidan Ramaphosa wi'ii e 27 Mars 2020 yimbe 10 000 gollay be e cellal imminaama fii seytatagol yimbe ben ka galleji fii biddo nawnaare den. Findeeji e ñawndugol ngol Nawnaare den ko buuri hewde kon ko durma,wulu bandu,tampere e duppu nde ardata e nde wonde musu jokke, redu dogoru,daade saylode,durma e musu redu. Ko buri kon nawnaare den ko e nder lebbi didi  fenata ka bandu kono gobbe ko nder balde jowi. Naawnaare den si hewi ka bandu hino wawii bonude bandu dun. Si nawnaare tampini ontigi on haa haray koyo nabbe ka laptanie. Doctorube ben ndaray ka nder kinal si tawi ontigi hino wondi e nawnaare den. Ko dun innetee"nasalopharyngeal swag". Nawnaare nden no wawii andeede kadi si a wadii eskaneer  CT. Si goddo no marii biddo nawnaare den e nder bandu makko, be nabete ka loptanie e be potinay e sera kala mo nawnaani nden nawnaare mmadun sida. Ko gonga nini lekki mun alaa, kono yimbe buy ronkay mayude fii nawnaare den si be topitaama no fotiri non. Watangol yilli Fii renagol biddo nawnaare den, ontigi fotii woddaade nawnube ben, hara o yahaali e dulaali hewudi yimbe e wota o naatu e jamaa. Ko dun innetee"distance sociale". Hino sati wonugol e hakude yimbe hara on memidiraani, ko dun wadi watagol mask"mask"(si wona dun murugol hunduko kon e linsere maa wada jungo ngon) e bornagol" gan" no yamira. Kaddi yimbe ben hino fotti sodorade e sabunde maa alkol ko yehi e feccere miniti. Ko fawii e dun, yimbe ben no janna fii wota be memu yesso mabbe ngun e soddagol sonowoo. Hiimoɓe Jamirooje laamu Ɓoornagol maskuuji yeeso e waktu mboroos koronawirus 2019-2020 fawaama jaamirooje pelle keewɗe cellal renndo e laamuuji. Nde toɓɓere yeewtaama e dente cellal e laamuuji kono kawral alaa tuugnorgal e kuutoraagol gafakon yeeso. Sababuuji Huunde e dalillaaji ardiiɓe cellal Shiin kujjonorii yamirde yimɓe selluɓe nde ɓoornoto «maskuuji »  ngarata ɗo les ɗo : Daaɓgol cuuɗingol (ñawɗo mo feññinaani sifaaji keɓtinirɗi).Yimɓe heewɓe ina mbaawi raaɓeede tawa sifaaji peññinaani walla tawa sifaaji keɓtinirɗi laaɓtaani." Caɗeele goɗɗondiral yimɓe kawrangal e nder nokkuuji keewɗi e waktu kala. Luutondirgol coggu e nafoore (softinta). So tawi ko yimɓe ñawɓe tan ɓoornato  “mask”, haawmaaki maa ɓe ɓur sofeede e waɗde ɗum. Neɗɗo daaɓaaɗo ina waawi waasde dañde ko ina hollira ko ñawɗo, kadi ɗum  addana  mo welsindaade coodgol ko ina tampina mo e won’dude sikkitaare.   Ganndo wirusyaŋke to Dudal-jaaɓi-haaɗtirnde « Uniwersite Liids », Stephen Griffin, wii: “Ɓoornagol «maskuuji » ina ustaa  kulkuli daaɓgol gummoriiɗi e memde yeeso mum, koko ɓuri waawde addude ndaɓor so tawi woodaani laaɓal moƴƴal juuɗe." Sifaaji «maskuuji» Mask yeeso peewniraaɗo bagi cañiraaɗo e ko ɓuri heewde wiro (koton) curoowo hunoko e kine. E ɗi luutondiri e maskuuji opirooɓe (shirirursi) e haralleeɓe masiŋaaji,  ɗi ɗooftaaki sardiyeeji ɓurɗi moƴƴude. Wiɗto heewaani  ko waaɗaa e oo sifaa  mask, ngam ɓetde kattande kaɗgol daaɓgol ñabbuuji walla caɗeele luuɓgol  e cuurkeeje weeyo e taariindi men. Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) ko kuutorgel beddeteengel  mbaɗowel keerol hakkunde hunuko e hinere ɓorniiɗo e fotɓe waawde raaɓde e taariindi makko ɓaɗtiindi. Mask oppirooɓe feewnira ngam wallude dartinde mbaade ɓutte, cirjon, takkawon e kuutorɗe doktoor mbaawɗe heddude « wirussaaji » e « bakteruuji », so tawi ɓornaama no fotiri nih, maa haɗ  ñoŋkotooji yettaade hunuko e hinere ɓorniiɗo ɗum oo. Ɗii maskuuji ina kaɗa sarde tuutaaɗe, ñitte e kala ko ummii e foofaango joom mum feewde e woɗɓe. Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) waawa dartinde mbaadon cewkon ngardowon e henndu ɗojjo, islaango walla gollorɗe doktoor. Maskuuji oppirooɓe (shirirursi) timminaani kaɗgol  jettingol dartinde wirisaaji e geɗon cewkon ndaaɓowon sabu certugol patareeje ɗakkandiranooɗe (ngal nder e ngal bowal). Bagi peewniraaɗo Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi) wonaa cañaaɗo kono ko e kedde geɗe. Mask N95, ko mask poofirɗo ceggoowo henndu, dartintu kala ko sewaani no henndu, omo nootii e ñaawoore gollorgal toowngal ngenndi Amerik  (« dUs National Institute ») deenndangal kisal e cellal liggotooɓe. Mask N95 ina dartina ko ɓuri famɗude 95% geɗon coomikon e henndu tawa jeyaaka e mum. Ko ɗum bata ceggirɗo no masiŋ « respiratëer » dartinoowo  kala genɗon cukkowon foofaango. No Mask oppirooɓe (shirirursi), Mask N95 feewnira ko bagi « polypropylene » (wonaa cañaaɗo). Oo Mask yeeso foti ko e «masiŋ respiratëer » e nder leyɗeele ndennduɗi Orop FFP2. Jamirooje Pelle Cellal Pelle Cellal jamirii  yimɓe yo cukku hunuko e hinere e huutoraade foloŋtoru hofaandu walla sarbet so ina ɗojja walla ina isla e weddaade sarbet ɗoon e ɗoon (ko ɓuri yaawde). Maskuuji oppirooɓe (shirirursi) ɓuri teeŋtinaade wonɓe e nokkuuji mbaɗɗi raaɓaaɓe walla cikkaaɗi sabu ɓoornagol mask ina usta daaɓgol e kaalgol walla ɗojjugol walla ina islaango. Jamirooje Fedde Huuɓtindinnde Cellal (OMS) Waasiyaaji FHC (OMS) feewde cellal renndo sabu COVID-19 ko yamirde kuutaraagol maskuuji e dooftaade  ɗee ɗo Jamirooje : - So ade selli, borno mask so taawi a topiito neddo sikkado dañdo ñaw covid-19. - Borno mask sa dojji walla a islii. - Maskuuji nafataa so wondaani e coodagol e ndiyam alkol walla saabunnde. - So oɗon  ɓorno mask, oɗon poti anndude no huutorirte ( no waɗirte e no ittirte tawa ina moƴƴi). Jamirooje bornude maskuuje e nder leydelle Afrik Benin, 8 Awril lammu yamirii  ɓoornagol mask ina usta koronawiris. Kameruun: Mairo wii bornogul mask ina usta ñawu raaɓaa. Kongo: ɓornogul maskuuji ne yamiri e nder capitaal on. Ecopi: jamirooje Kilifaabe be woni sallade totiirde jungoo e ɓornogul maskuuji. Lagine: Lamdo Alpha Conde yamirii ɓornogul maskuuji. Kenya : Jamirooje ɓornogul maskuuji e goɗɗóndiral ne wawwi danduude e oo ñaw xooli lambee Kenya. Liberia: 21 Awril ɓornogul maskuuji yamirama e denntee. Maroc: ɓornogul maskuuji yamirama. References Ñabbu carotooɗo e hendu sabobinta ɗum ko bikkon tokoson gonooɗi e hendu te ne mbaawi yahde to woɗɗi, ne mbaawi kadi wuurde ko ɓóóyi.  Sifaa ñabbu nguuɗoo noon ene heɓa yimɓe ɓee e jawdi ndii. Ñabbu ngu ene waawi wonde wiris, bakteri e ko nandi heen, kañum noon ene waawi raaɓondireede e foofde, haalde, ɗojjude, islude, pundi, fuufde ndiyam, yuppude ndiyam e taarorde e kala ko waawi sarde bikkon tokoson. Sahaa bikkon tokoso carotooɗi ene mbaawi ɓuutnude kine, daande, e jofe, ene mbaawi kadi addude cadeele ɗojjo, daande muusore, e goɗɗe maale mbaawdi jaggude ɓalndu nduu fof. Ñabbuuji keewɗi ene caroo e hendu haa ndaaɓondiree hono: korona, "measles" "morbillivirus", amumal; tiberkiloos, "influenza virus", "enterovirus," "norovirus". Won heen keewaani saraade e hendu kene ene waawi wonde, hono “adenovirus” e kala ko nanngata poofaali.Sifaa ñabbu nguuɗoo sene safree, ene heewi ko gooto fof e jofe ɗiɗe ɗee cafretee safaaro hoore mum, safaaro ceerndaaɗo. Teskinaade Ñabbuuji ɓiyeteedi “airborne” ko ñabbuji daabondirteeɗi e carugol e hendu. Ñabbuuji ɗii ene mbaawi ummaade e ndiyam ngummii ɗam e ɓalndu neɗɗo ñawɗo walla jawdi ñaw ndi, walla salte hono mbalti. Mikorobuuji gaddooɗi ñabbu nguu ene mbiyee kadi "pathogens". Pathogen woni bikkon tokkoson ɓaawde andude ñaw. Aɗe mbaawi sariraade e ko wiyetee "aerosols" (ko fuufetee e hendu), pundi walla ndiyam walla kala ko ilata, ngannduɗaa ene waawi heddaade e hendu ndu ko ɓooyi haa waawi yahde to woɗɗi. Yeru, so neɗɗo islii, islaagno makko ene waawi yahde haa ko foti no njuuteendi oto biis. Foofde mikorobuuji e bakteriiji cariiɗi e hendu ene heewi ɓuutnude e andande cadeele terɗe poofaali. Bikkon tokoson gummotooɗi e polisiyoo hendu njeyaaka e ko addata ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu jaggooje yimɓe, kono noon polisiyoo hendu ene weeɓna heɓde ñabbuuji gummotooɗi e bikkon tokoson carotooɗi e hendu hono aasma.  Wiyaama bikkon tokoson gonooɗi e hendu ene mbaawi addude caɗeele e jofe sabu ene mbaawi ɓuutnude to hendu poofaali rewata ɗoo. Ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ene mbaawi heɓde kadi jawdi ndi. Yéru, ñabbu “Newcastle” ko ñaw winderewal nangoowo jawdi galle hono geertooɗe e cólli, te ko e hendu ñabbu nguu rewata. No Raabirta So neɗɗo celludo foofii bikkon tokoson gonɗe e hendu ndu walla so ɗe naatii e gite, hunuko, walla hinere jóómum tan o ñawat. Wanaa alaa e sago maa neɗɗo celluɗo ɓaɗoo neɗɗo mo sellaani walla o wonda e makko e nder suudu wóóturu nde o raaɓaamo ñabbu nguu. Nguléeki e ɓuuɓól gonooɗi boowal e gonooɗi e nder neɗɗo fof ene mbaawi yantude e daaɓondiral ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu. Hol heen geɗe goɗɗe baawɗe sarde bikkon tokoson hono heendu, toɓo, jikkuuji yimɓe ɓe e waasde laaɓal. Caggal dille weeyo, bikkon tokoson gonooɗe e hendu ndu ngustoto; so balɗe ɗe keewaani njawtii, bikkon tokoson kon ɓeyɗoo haa keewa no feewi,  so pondaama e potal maɓɓe so dille weeyo alaa. Geɗe paatuɗi e rendo e faggudu ("Socioeconomics") keewani yantude e daaɓgol ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu. Ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ko e gure mawɗe ɗee ɓurata yaawde raaɓóndireede gure dow ɗee walla gure taariiɗi gure mawde ɗee. Gure dow ɗee heewi tóón saraade e hendu ndu ko bikkon tokoson ɓiyeteeɗi “fungus.” Baɗaaɗe to heewi ndiyam hono maayo walla teeyteengal ene waawi wallude caru ñaw carotooɗo e hendu. Waasde toppitaade kilimatiseer no fééwi ene waawi sarde ñabbu “Legionella" "pneumophila". Baasal peeƴe cafrugól mojjuɗe ene waawi sabobinde ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu tawa njibinaa ko e nder opitaal. Reentaade Hol heen geɗe baawɗi dandude e ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu hono fesaade, ɓoornaade mask e wóɗɗude yimɓe cikkaaɓe aɓe ngóndi e ñabbu.Wanaa alaa e sago saa baɗiima neɗɗo walla jawdi gónduɗo e ñaw carotooɗo e hendu tan a raaɓeete, sabu daaɓgól gól fawii ko e doole terɗe neɗɗo fof e potal bikkon tokoson ɗi o naatni e poofaali makko. Antibiyotik ene waawi huutoreede e cafrugól fuɗɗorde ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu hono mboros jofe “pneumonic plague”. Anduɓe ko faati e cellal mbaajiima yimɓe yoo tiiɗno e laaɓal e góɗɗóndiral mbele daaɓondiral ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ustoo. Reentaade bikkon tokoson gaddooɗi ñabbuuji carotooɗi e hendu ene waawi wonde, kono noon so bikkon tokoson kon naati e neɗɗo haa parii alaa e sago o rafee. Geɗe baawɗe danduɗe e rafeede: Rentaade baɗaade neɗɗo gónduɗo e rafi. Ɓoornaade mask so ada yaha to héewi yimɓe Muɓɓude hunuko maa so ada ɗojja Kala fóf nde mbaaw ɗaa yaa sooɗo juuɗe maa haa laaɓa car ko ɓuri fóf famɗude yoo won leƴƴanɗe noogaas. Reento memde yeeso maa walla memde yimɓe woɗɓe tawa a sooɗaaki. References Mboros ( e pulaar) ko helmere eggaande e haala geregnaabe. Mboros noon ko ñaw bonndo, jaawdo '' haytaade'' e leydi walla diiwaan. Panndemi ene seerti e epidemi ene seerti kadi e anndemi. Epidemi ko rafi raaboowo himbe heewbe e diiwan kono ko dumunna dabbo. Anndeminoon raabgol mum ene hakindi teene huuptitinta Aduna fof e saha gooto, yeru mum ko mabbo Ko woni mboros holdum haajirta Mboros ko rafi jaawdo raabde; jaado soorade e leydeele e huuptidinde Aduna. Wonaa rafi fof woni mboros. Gaa-gaa yaawde saraadende; mboros ko ñawu libbowu lelnoowu neddo, burkas Kanseeer ene wara heewbe kono noon wona mboros , sibu : ene leeli koyngal, raabata teene yaawaani libde burkas. Jawngol ndaaboor epidemic e mboros ene jogi no anndirte eno betirte. Betirgal ndii rafiiji tuugnoto ko e gede didi: no foti yimbe daaba e ñialawma, e nder yontere wala lewru immam dum e nder hitaade. So tawii rafi o ene ''haylo'' ene ''ruba'' o diidante diidol laabtiniingol, kolliroogol taabaande e bosande makko. Ko adiifof ciifol mako ngol ene not hollira no rafi fuddorto. hokki yero e kovid-19 e tuma nde moytotoonde; e on wktu no jimbe seedabe tan hebbno ñawugu. reftini heen tuma nde ñaw tolnotoo e '' hebni-hebni''. Ko e oon saha daabondiral yaajata tuma nde heewbe ndaaba. gasniri saha nde rafi hebinda, foola darii kak, danana safaara e kaptorde. Daranaade cellal Leydeele, laamuuji ene mbaawi darnude peejengam fadaade ummogol mboros. E hitaande 2005. Fedde Adunayankoore daraniide cellal (OMS) darni naawooje kese e ko fahte cellal. Deen naawooje kese ko ngam reentaade, ummanaade e daranaade cellal aduna e fof ko adi rafiiji ene caro walla caaako e nder leydeele O.M.S winndi kadi deftere jowitiingel e mboros mabbo. Ndeen deftere muula saakta ko e hitaande 1999. Ndeen deftere saattaama kadi hesditinz kitaale 2005 e 2009. Koburi heewde e kaptorde e safaruuji habaade kovid-19 ngitta ko e naawooje ndeen deeftere 2005 ngam safrude mabboji jeftudi mbaadi mboros Yeewtere yaajnannde wadaama e ko fahti e ko wyete feere 3T ( betde, safrude e rewindaade rafi). Duum ko feere ngam ummanaade rafi gila law, safrude dum e wadde keerol hakkunde ñawde e sellube. Ndeen feere ko adii fof yiiloto ko badoondirnoobe e gondudo e mboro ngam surdebe e yimbe sellube be. Ndeen feere hebtineeɗe holeeɗe dum ummori koto kore mo worgo kanum e Singaapuur. Hatta noon leydeele ene mbaawno hebtanaaɗe dum fof caggal nde SArS bonnani aduna. Woɗɗondirɗe himbe saha raabo-raabo ko, huunde e feere mojjere sabu ene wallita yimbe no feewi.Biyeteedo Dr Miikaayel J. Ryan gardinaado darnɗe O.M.S wi e yeewtere mum e lewru , mars 2019 ''woddondirde yimbe e saha rafi daabowo ene nafa mojji kono yonata''. Maa safara tigi-rigi ummane, darne take e goddondiral ngal. Dr Miikayel. J. Ryan anndini wonɗe goɗɗondiral ngal tan yonatah z mboros gondaado o. Mboros ngondaado o HIV/AIDS Binndi e ko yowti e anndude HIV/AIDS O.M.S ene wiya VIH ko '' epidemi'' udunayannkeere'' kono noon ko dum pandemi tigi. E hitaande 2018 ko abbe 37,9 miliyon ndeddo kebii SIDA e nder Aduna oo fof. E hitaande 2018 SIDA wari ko abbee 770 000 neddo. E nder limoore Afrik worgo Sahara buri heen bonireede. E 2019 ko abi 61 e p c hebbe SIDA njeyaa e con diiwan. Koronawiris Koronawirisuuji (Cov) njeyaa ko e fodde mawnde wirisaaji caaboto ci raaji tuggude mabbo haa yetti ñabbuji bonci nanngojoji foofaande to leydeele funnaange-Hakkundejejo(MERS-COV). Ene jeeya d dien ñiabbo e foofaandu , cengogol cattungol(SARS-CoV-2). Ko waylo-waylooru onn caabiido Koronawiris 2019, ganndiraado covid-19. Yogaaji e mborosaaji Koronaaji ngonata e nokku gooto. Ko Cuum wadi dum Koronaaji ndaabondirta ko hakkunde yimbe e jawdi( Kulnon). Wittooji teentudi kolliri wonde mboros SARS-CoV o ummi ko e ''civettes'' faya e yimbe. " civette" namndi ko e : kero, daga wala cewngel jaawee. Ko noon kadi MERS-COV ummorte e geloodi fahya e yimbe. Koronawirisaaji ene heewi jeese. Mborosaaji Koronawirisaaji heewdi nena njirlo hakkunde kulle diin ndaabani yimbe tawo Koronawiri hikka o , hono korona-wiris 2019 (ganndiraado Covid-19) ummori aduna o ko e wuro. Sine wiyeteengo Wuhan e diiwaan biyeteedo Hubei. Oon mboros Koronawiris 2019( COVID-19) fuddi ko e mayiirde lewru desammburu 2019. Oon mboros senoto ko e foofaandu ñiawma poofirde. E tuuknaade e duttorde Iniwersite John Hopkins, Ko abbe leydeele 200 e diwanuuji mum loriima e oo mboros COVID-19. Leydeele denndudi Amerik, leydi Siin, hirnaange Orop e leydi Iran ene . Njeeya e burbe loraade e co mboros. ñande 11 mars 2020, O.M.S anndini wonde no COVID-19 yahratani wonti mboros. ñande 23 awiril 2020, COVID-19 raabi 2,63 miliyon neddo e nder aduna O. E oon saha maaybebe ngoni 184 249 neddo. sellube be ngoni 722 055. Raboo-raboo Paawre jontinooje Jontinooje hayloto ko e leydeede nguleeki lombidi hakkande njori toropik. Jontinoojo ene tabiti e nder huunde e Amerik, Asi e Afrik. Hitaande fof, jontinojo ene ñawna ko tolni 350 haa 500 miliyon neddo. Yoge e ledde walla safaruuyi natti waa-wande . Jotinooje tuggi 21 teemedannde ko ledde(safaaruji) jowitiide e artemisia a tan mbaawanie jotinooje. E jamanuuji bennudi jotinoojje ene tawetenoo Orop wala bange rewo Amerik. Kononoon hannde jotinooje njatii diin diiwanuuji. Jotinooje ene jeya eko libi laamu Roman. Ko duum wadi rafi o ene wiya "rafi Roman". Palasmodioom falsiparom ko noo siyaas wiyata bondi. Jotinooje naati Amerik bannge rewo ko e saha  dahateegol baleebe nawanoobe toon. Mabbo Español Mabbo Español (1918 haa 1920) raabi 500 miliyon neddo e nder aduna . Nguum ñawu yettima haa e duundeedli joñidi to maayo pasifik e Arkatik. Toon ngoo mabbo wari 20 haa 100 miliyon neddo. Ko heewi e mboros mabboji mbarata ko buri heewde ko sukaabe walla nayyebe . Oon rafi bonanaani sagataabe. Kono mabbo español buri bonande ko sukaabe e sagataabe. Mabbo español buri warde e geer gadano Aduna. E nder jonte 25 ngoon mabbo wari ko buri ko warno SIDA e nder duubi 25. No eggu-eggooru soldateebe oon geer yante guddogue yimbe beydu donannde oon rafi. No yimbe dannorto hannde e aduna aduna o ene jeya ko beydata ndaabor rafiiji mboros. Kulòl e ñabbuuji garòoji Bakteriiji Cuusɗi lékki Windande Mawnde Ndee: Bakteriiji Cuusɗi Lékki Hol heen bakteriiji ɗe nganduɗaa ko ɓikkon tokoson méttuɗe warde. A ɗi mbaawi artirde ñabbuuji ɗi nganduɗa yimɓe daɗiino heen. Yeru, won heen leɗɗe cafrannooɗe “tuberculose” te jooni nafataa hay huunde, haa ɗum hulɓinii liggotoobe e bangal cafrugol. Hitaande fof, ko foti e teemeɗe jóy ujunere yimɓe ene mbaawi heɓde oo ɗoon “tuberculose” (MDR-TB). Tubercolose biyeteeɗo MDR-TB ko “Chine” e “Inde” ɓuri heewde. Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) wii hedde milyoŋaaji cappande joy yimɓe e aduna fof ene ngonɗi e ñabbu MDR TB, 79% e maɓe ngonɗi ko e  bakteriiji cuusɗi leɗɗe, won heen ne cuusi sifaaji leɗɗe tati walla ko ɓuri ɗum. E hitaande 2005, yimɓe teemedere e noogaas e nay (124)keɓiino rafi oo e leydi Amerik (Etats-Unis). Goɗɗo sifaa “tuberculose” ene wiye (XDR TB) yiyaama Afrik e hitaande 2006, te caggal ɗum yiyaama kadi e léydiiji goɗɗi, hono léydi Amerik. Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) hiisiima ko foti e capanɗe nay ujunere (400000) yimɓe ene keɓa rafi XDR-TB hitaande fof. E duubi noogaas jawtuɗe ɗee, bakteriiji baaɗi no Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens e Enterococcus, njéhii haa leɗɗe barooje bakteriiji hono vancomycin, aminoglycosides e cephalosporins nattii warde ɗi. Bakteriiji ɗe nganduɗaa ɗee ene métti warde ene njéyaa e sabaabuuji rafiiji ɗi neɗɗo waawi ittude opitaal (nosocomial). Kadi, e kitaale jawtuɗe ɗee ko ɓooyaani, won heen rafiiji gummotooɗi e dental yimɓe, hono sifaa Staphylococcus aureus mo nganduɗa ene suusi methicillin (MRSA), te jooni ene heewi heɓde yimɓe celluɓe ɓe. Ñabbu Jaggoowo Terɗe keewɗe Ñabbu Jaggoowo Terɗe keewɗe (“Viral hemorrhagic fevers”) ko paawngal jaawngal raaɓirde, kadi jaawngal warde. Yeru: ko wayi no rafi Ebola, paawngal Lassa, paawngal Rift Valley, rafi Marburg, e paawngal Bolivia. Ñabbu Jaggoowo Terɗe keewɗe so yimɓe ndeenaaki tan ene waawi yaade haa saroo e aduna. Kono noon ñabbu baaɗo noon heewaani saraade e aduna fof sabu waawi raaɓondireede tan ko so tawii a ɓaɗiima neɗɗo ngonduɗo e ñabbu ngu no feewi, te neɗɗo ngonduɗo e ñabbu ngu ene heewi yaawde maayde wala rafeede rafi muusɗo no feewi. Ɓayri sahaa nde neɗɗo o rafetee ndee e sahaa moo hollirta maale ene ɓaɗondiri no feewi, cafrooɓe ɓee ene mbaawi yaawnaade ɓe ceernda neɗɗo ngonduɗo e rafi o (quarantaine), mbele o waasa raaɓde woɗɓe. Zika Wiris Saraade rafi Zika, rafi Zika, e paawngal Zika. Rafi Zika ene fuɗɗinoo saraade e hitaande 2015, ene yaha ene ɓura ɓeyɗaade haa e hoore hitaande 2016, ko ɓuri yimɓe milyoŋ e feccere keɓiino rafi o, e ko ɓuri léydiiji sappo e goo e Amerik fof (continent Americain).  Fedde tóppittooɗo ko faati e cellal e aduna oo fof (WHO) réentinii yimɓe rafi Zika sabu ene waawi yaade haa saroo e aduna fof so tawii yimɓe ngummaaki heen gila e jooni. References Maamum ko saare e nder Fuuta Jaloo, Gine ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. geography Maamum no kerni to nano e perefektiir Tugge , to hiirnaange Kinndiyaa , to nyaamo Sarliyon , to funnaange Faraana e Daboolaa. Yimɓe 2016 Maamum no jogiino 340 956 yimɓe e 2014 hari ko yimbe 318 981. Taariika Faggudé Doudal Gine Kinndiyaa ko saare Gine, ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. geography Kinndiyaa no kerni to nano e perefektiir Pitaa, perefektiir Dalabaa, perefektiir Telemele, to hiirnaange perefektiir Dubereka , perefektiir Coyaa, to nyaamo perefektiir Forékaria e Sarliyon to funnaange perefektiir Maamum. Yimɓe Kinndiyaa no jogii hannde 469 446 yimɓe. Taariika Faggudé Doudal Gine Zerekore ko saare e Gine ka funnange, ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Yimɓe 2016 zerekore no jogiino 423 951 yimɓe. geography Taariika Faggudé Doudal Gine Kankan ko saare e Gine ka funnaange, ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Yimɓe 2016 Kankan no jogiino 504,325 yimɓe Taariika Footoji Joogarafiwaal Faggudé Doudal Nassiji Gine Farana ko saare e Gine ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Yimɓe 2016 Farana no jogiino 299 612 yimɓe. geography Taariika Faggudé Doudal Gine Boke ko saare e Gine ko perefektiir kadi, e maanaa ko noone diiwal. Yimɓe 2016 Boké no jogiino 481 007 yimɓe. geography Taariika Faggudé Doudal Gine E bannge cellal Wadde Wisit ko fii anndude ňaw holmo nangi neddo o. Ko buri heewde wisit e galle doktoor labbintaa fof. Ko buri ko testuuji opitaalji di laabaani. Ko be teskini e banndu nawndotoodo o taŋ be nganndi. Wonde test gooto walla ko buri dum wadete e nder wisit. Heen saha e golle mabbe be mbadat testuuji e fureeji di/ maaybe be ngam faamde. Testuuji di weebaani, sabu sintomji di wonaa rafi gooto taŋ hollirta. Wanno no nguuru ngu wojjirta nii, ina waawi hollirde nawnaaje keewde ceertudi dum noon hollataa safroobe be holko woni cadeele de. E misaal nawnaare bandu no wawwi tamppinde ko hewii e yimbe. No dum yaarata Ko buri ko no wisit yaarata nii e no seertiri nii: Moobinrdirde hibaarji e nawnube bee (so tawtii ko ňawndoobe bee naamndoto koreeji di), wisit e analiisji  ceertudi.Wadde test e wadde analiis walla wisit gootum wallat e anndude ňawngu walla nawnaare nde. Wadde test no waawi kadi wallude anndude ňawnbe bee. Moobindirde resiltaaji testuuji dii e ko waynoon. Yewtidde e ndilloobe be heen be no waawii wallude wadde wittooji. No heewi peeje walla haralaagal ko be mbaawi wadde testuuji di, so tawtii analisuuji e ko waynoon. Tigi tigi, test no waawi wallude e peeje keewdi e kadi be hollii nafoore mun e aduna on fop. Test KOVID-19 no waawaa wadeede so siňaal nawnaare nde feeňii, ndeen noon ko seese seese laabirta ko ko wiyetee (rRT-PCR) hollirta iŋfeksiyon e tuutaadi di walla ko CT teskinii ko. Nde PCR feppondrira e CT e nder Wuhan be njamirii ko CT buri moyyude PCR, hay so tawii o ňaw nanndaani e haala marube gandal fii cellal ,tigi no yaarata noon e  ňaw keddi di wanno pnomoni. E lewru mars 2020, dental wiyeteedo the American College of Radiology yamirii woto CT adoo huutoreede e test korona. Test wiral WHO hollirii sifaaji keewdi no test korona wadirtee; ko 17 janwie dum adii yaltude. Test o booyat e kadi waylat ko wiyetee "transcription polymerase chain reaction(rRT-PCR). Test o ko e foofaango walla jiijam tan fotaa wadeede. Resiltaa o no waawaa anndeede e nder waktuuji seeda e ňalowma o. Ko buri heewde test o no waawaa rewneede e ko wiyetee "nasopharyngeal" hay so tawii ino waawaa rewneede e daande. Laboratuwaruuji e isinji keewdi no fewnude testuuji  sirurgical, mbaawdi hollirde kala ko boni e banndu. 6 awiril 2020, ay gooto e mum holliraani ko wadi fof no huutoro dum. E amerik Cellex fewnii test sirurgical kono ko laboratuwaruuji njogii di seertifika taŋ huutortoo dum so tawii heňoraama. Ko gite waawi yiide No men njaakori ko noon radiografhs e haralaagal tomographs(CT) mbayta e ňawbe bee e waasde hebde ko laabi ko faati e dum. Fii kala be wadii jande buy e mun, kabaruuji laabdi no keddii. Dendal gooto wiyeteedo " Italian Radiological Society no moobindirde kibaaruuji pur anndude ňawbe bee fof e cikkaabe no ňawii bee fof. E miijo maa so PCR mo nganndandaa ko feňňinde korona taŋ woni sabaabu mum alaano, tawa ňaw goddi wanno adenovirus suudi ňaw ngu. Jayude mawnde wadaande e Chine nandondirii ko yiya e becce ko e PCR o e hollirii kadi nder dum e masiŋ laabnataa dum sabu ňaw o/ rafi o buri yaawde e lorde. e sahaaji buy, jande de holii no woodi nawnudo maa battido nawnudo.Ne moyyaano huutoraade dum ngam anndugol ňaw o tigi e kala to woni.[2]masin jojdo e baawdo nattude/ fotde ko saabi ňaw feewnaama, ina wondee rajo e CT. Référence Pikiri ko lekki fewnaaki fii nawndugol nawu. Ko burii kon pikiri hino marii ko nandii e ko innrtee"micro-organisme pathogene".Ko buri kon ko biddo nawna-on warata ontigi on duytay doole ontigi e toksinji makko, madun  protein ontigi on. Lekki kin walay cellel bandu ngun andita biddo nawnaare den moyya e bandu hino wawi warude ontigi on maa kala "micro organisme" wonudo ka nder bandu. Pinguggol goddo Ko waksinasiton wiyetee. Pingegol ko feere burde moyyude fii reenagol nabbeli;. Pingagol buri moyyude fii nawndugol nawnaare puyye, kanu e duytugolnabbeli wan niaba e tetanosi. Pikir holudo nafoore ko pikir infuenza,  e HPV, et pikir fii gertode nden. Kongudi " waksine e waksinasiyon" ko e pingegol iwii fii ko wietee niiapitee ko yieteedo Edward Jenner fecci inde nden. Moyyugol ngol Pingegol burii holnaade e moyyude fii niawdugol naabejibondi din. Kono hidi waddi ella seeda. Nafore pingegol hino fawi e piyyi hewudi: Nawnaare nden e hoore mun (nawnaaje godde no ton , pingegol hino wawii e mayyi buri hedii din). Doole pikir on( pikirji goddi ko fii niawdugol nawnaare wotere tun). Si pingegol ngol jokaama n haanirii non. Wobbe bandun; mabbe dun jabata pinngede. Piiji sertudi siifa lenioln, duubi madun jibinande. Si pingaado nawnnii nawnaare nde o pinga fii mun hino wawii wonude nawnaare nden tampintamo haa no tampinirta nawnube be pingaka ben. Dii piiji no jogii nafoore ko yehii e fewjaare moyyere pingegol: Yaawugol topitagol fewjaare pingegol ko ko neebata. Watangol yiili fii nawnaaje boyay de Jokkugol pingude yimbe ben hay si tawii nawnaare nden duytike. Pingegol walii nawdugol fetti niawu burdo raabude e warude Nawnaaje godde siifa rubeole,poliyo, napite, muusu noppi,puyye, tifoyid hawaani joni sabu yimbe buy pinganoma. Si tawi yimbe buy pingama  nawnaare den hebata doole fiii rabugol yimbe ben. Ko dun innete uminitee collective. Pingegongol kadi walay fii reenagol nawnaare nden. E missal  duytugol nabbeli pneumonia e stretocoque. Programm pingegol duyti niabeli  waydi waa penicillin e antibiotik. Pingegol fii nawnaare niapitee hino danda yimbe million 1 maayude hitande bee. Ko ñaagaaki e mun kon Pikir pingetedo gila sukagu himo holni ko buri kon. Hay si tawi no woddi ko fewaani hino fandi. Hino adda  muusu jokule e musu daddi. E  wobbe a taway bandu mabbe dun jabata pikir on.Bonandeji hewani hen. Sifaaji Waccin no marii piiji fewnaadi e labbinaadi iwudi e mayyi. Ko alla e meminaade Pikirji goddi no joggi piwoy tosokoy wietekoy micro-organisms , nguledi din waray koy. E missali  waccin pollio, hepatii kanun e influenza. Duytaado Pingegol no wodii kadi sifaa marudo micro organism ji wuurudi, duytaadi. Ko dun burataa adude niawu boyudo kono nde wonde ndi moyyata e bandu gobbe. Anatoxine Waccin anatoxine ko toxic mo wuraani o fewniira ko dun burata adudde nawnaare micro-organism on. Wonudi ley din Wonudi ley din hutorto feccere micro organism fii niawdugol. Winugongol Nawnaaje godde no yaawi niawdeede si a beydii ko woni ender mun kon imminay ko innetee imminitee madun anditugol. Ebbugol Waccinji  buy ko biddo nawnaare fewnira iwii e micro- organisms.Waccin synthetics ko syntetic fewnira. Fandugongol Vaccines may be monovalent or multivalent. A monovalent vaccine is designed to immunize against a single antigen or single microorganism. Mulivalant ko Ñakku ñawndoowo ñabbe buy; hinno fawaa fii habugol sifaaji ñabbe immundi e nere gooto si wonaa dun e yummiraabe sertube. Waccinji gooddi ko fii niawdugol nawnaare wootere tun antigen gooto madun micro organism gooto kono waccinji goddi ko fii ko fii micro organism hewudo. Sifaaji duudi Nawnaaje godde no waawii wonude ka bandu haa booya hara nawninaani. Wowtugol nawnaare den Nabbeji goddi si nangi neddo nde wootere, bandu dun wowitay ontigi on nawnoytaa si den nawnaare artoyi: Ko haabegol ko rabata kon hara hara natani ka bandu. O andita nawnaare nden, o wara de addo hidde hebude doole. Fereeji e ko fotaa wadeede Pingegol nomari lekki gooti maa diddi daninidaydi nawnaare den. Waccin hino mari ko wawi dandude ontigi on nawnaare. Paranugol Fii karalaagal moyyungal , hinno yamiraa e sukaabe ben pingeede (neseede) si bandu mabbe hebii doole jabaade pinguuji ko woni kala. Hibbe pingee kaddi ledde godde fii burugol sembinde bandu mabbe ndune hebugol e ñabbeeli. Dun jibing porogaramu neesugol maw do sattudo. Waccinji hewudi joonirte kono ko e dubbi ontigi on daarete madun ontigi on jeta waccin on e ngurdan makko fow. E missal waccin fii puyye, tetanosi, ngulu bandu e punomie.Ko buuri kon mawbe ben pingete fii punomoni e puyye. Tarika on Gila waccin fii puyye fudda fetti hino wawa renede si be pingi ontigi on bIddo nawnaare fetti den. Dun fuddanooma e leydi chine ko buri duubi wuluure. E hiitande 1960  jangii wo gollowo niande woo nawnataa fetti sabbu ontigi on nawniino addo. E hittande 1796 Jenner fewni lekki o pinngii paykun kun duubi 8 e nder yonte jeego o pinngi sukka on nawnaare fetti ka banndu fii daarugol. O tawii paykun kun nawnaani. Jenner beydi ndartugol makko ngol e hittade 1798 o hollii waccin makko on hino moyyi e paykun e mawdo. Ko louis Pasteur yaltini waccin ndimo on e hittade 1880. Jamaano men hollii woo waccinji buy moyyinama fii nawnaaje siifa doggu reedu, fetti, napati, niaba. E hittande 1950 e niawdugol fetti e hedde 1960 e 1970. Maurice Hilleman ko burdo andeede e fewnoobe waccin e jamanuu amen. Lambe be e ONG jii din no wallude fii golle waccin. Be walli buy fii cellal jamaa on. Waccinji buy fewnaama e nder ndi duubi sappo feyyudi. [30] Kulle den kaddi no pingeede fii wataa raabe Patanti Fewnugol kaytaaji ko yahii e bantaare ñakkugol no wawii lelnude /boynude ñabbeeli kessi sabu nde wonde di yejitete. Moftugol mijooji kessi ko yehii e bantaare golle ñakkugol ngol e moftugol ko fotaani andeede kon. E haala dental fii cellal duna, ko burii sattude e yaltingol ñakkuuji ka leyde de alaa doole ko angal kaalisi, cuudi cellal, kañun e ko fado kon e bangal gandal fii golloobe ben fii naatugol e marse on. Ko hono jonirte Golle wonade wadeede fii okkirugol waccin  takki haa yimbe ben hino tanyyini buray walude. Waccin no wadirtee ni fudike waylade sabbu hino woddin waccinji yaretedi e nde wonnde ko kanko buuri waddude nafoore. Niawdugol haara pingetaake fuddaama waddeede e kulle den. Tampon no wadeede fii ko yaata e 20.000 e sogoniajii kala. Sifaaji Waccin hino mari sifaaji buy: Haari ko paykoy koy tun pingetee kono fereeji hino hebaade fii tawtudinugol suukabe ben e mawbe ben. Jiilidirugol waccinji hino wadde buy jonni.        Waccinji kessi hino fewneede. Waccinji buy hino fewnede fii  renugol yimbe e nawnaaje. Waccin hino fewnedee kaddi fii  niawdugol nawnaaje chronic. Waccinji hino fewnee fii renuugol yimbe e bange niabeli. Jooma gannde en  hino wadude feere fii moyyinugol waccin wawude walude e fii nawnaaje. Référence Korona E hakunde 2019-2020 aduna o fof jiibiima Sabu Musiba korona dum noon Waylii no Feewi Cellal taarinde nde e Kilimaa o( jamaanu). Ku woyaasji di hadaa ko ustii curki kii/polisiyon e rejion ji keewdi. Ko siin fermi ko hadda yimbe be yaltude e saare he e desisiyonji keewdi jettaadi ngustii 25( noogas e jow) e nder teemedere fof e curki masinnji e issinji maa do ladde sumatt kon maa gaass karbonic . goomu gooto wiyeteedo One Earth systems wii dum wallii yimbe 77,000 wuurde ko buri lebbi 2. no dum yaawiri nii bonnanii liggotoobe e taariinde aduna o, tawti heen ko ňalowma konference ko faati e waylowaylo kilima o mo goomu leydeele aduna fof wadatno dillaama. no fof darori nii wadi ngaalu ngu ustiima  e bannge enersi teknoloji. Taariinde nde Hittande 2020 wallii labbinde taarinde nde e henndu gaas bondo fuddido e aduna o gila nde isinji dii fuddii beydude nguleendi aduna o. ko dum yoosini galaas geeci di haa ndiayam ndam burti toowde. iggey yimbe bee bonnii taariinde nde no feewi. Dum noon meemii cende kewde. Ko adii fof e musiba korona, ko tanjinaade doktoreebe bee kada yimbe bee moobondirde e kadi gooto fof wona nder galle/suudu mum jonte didi waasa wondude e hay gooto. Goddi di, wittoobe bee mbii hade musiiba korona o ustude ngaalu wallii ustude nguleeki leydi ndi, henndu ndu e ko ndiyam dam ňolata ko, dum wallii kadi taariinde nde wiltude. Henndu bonngu No korona darniri woyaasji di  e isinji di wallii rejonji keewi ustude henndu bonngu ngu. Ustude henndu bonngu ngu no waawi wallude e waylowaylo kilima o e kadi e bonande korona kono laabaani tawo holmo sifa henndu bonngu(so tawii ko fof) so tawii ko kanji ndendi bonde e waylowaylo kilima o e korona kadi. Santar wittooji e nguleeki ki e laabal henndu ndu wii peeje ko mbadaa ko pur habde korona wano gooto fof waasa yaltude galle mum e waasa woyaasude, ustii 25 (noogaas e jow) e teemedere fof e curki ngummotoodo leydi Siin o. Lewru adiindu  sokeede ndu, Siin ustii ko yahta e 200(miliyonji cappande nay) e curki so a feppondirii dum e rowane sabu gasuwal e curki ustiima. Goomu sientifik gooto wii dum wallii yimbe 77000 wuurde. Ndeen noon Sarah Ladislaw mo santar fii jande feere e nawnaare(Santar peeje e jannde aduna o) wii en potaa yihde benefiis e ko poson o ustii ko sabu Siin maa ruttoo e ko wadatno ko ngam o waawa daňde ko daňatno ko caggal dum wadi jeere masinji di burtat bonde tan e taariinde nde. Hakkunde 1 sanwie e 11 mars 2020, Agens gooto wondo Erop wiyeteedo "European Space Agency" teskiima e ko jeere aduna tellii ko e gaas/curki ngummotoodo e otooje de, potooje kuuran de e isinji di e rejion Valley e worgo Itaali. NASA e ESA njeewii holno gaas o/ curki ki ustori no feewi nde musiba korona fuddi e sinuwaabe be. Ngaalu e curki ustiima no feewi e gure mawde wano Wuhan e siin 25(noogas e joy sabu korona. NASA ko kaberde mbiyeteede (OMI) be betirta curki ki wano NO2 e leydi ndi e ko wayi noon. Ko dum wallata be dande hibaar ngummiido e aduna cokaado o. Laawi ndiyam e ngurndam e nder ndiyam Liddi alaa e coggu ngu kadi ustiima.[19]laanaaje mawde de aamii awde. Rainer Froese wii liddi neheteedi di burtat mojjude e ndiyam Erop, liddi waydi wanno herring no waawi beydaade laabi didi. Fii hittande 2020 findeeji cellal ngurdan e nder ndiyan ko haala mo labbinaaka. Witto e bamtaare Hayi so tawii curki ki ustiima e aduna o, Agens Aduna o ko faati e kuuran/ nguleeki wii no ngaalu ngu darori ni no waawi wallude e finansma kuuran mo lorataa. Ko yimbe be njokkitii jodaade e galleeji mumen mbaylii sartuuji liggey de. no mask heewiri uutoreede nii feraa wadde so dum tawtii palastik ko woni e aduna o moyyata e taarinnde nde. Santar gooto wondo Erop dilloowo e jamaanuuji di mbiyeteedo (ECMWF) wii ko awiyonji ngustii ko e kammu ngu sabu korona no waawi ustude ko taňjinano ko e jamaanu ngu. Sabu awiyonji marsandiisuji di ko hibaruuji awiyonji tosokoy koy (AMDAR) be kuutorto pur bokkude e fenugol kilimaa o. ECMWF wii AMDAR ustat ko yahta e 65%(cappende jeegom e joy e nder teemedere fof) walla ko buri dum sabu awiyonji marsandisuuji di ngustiima . Politik mun Goomu laamu aduna o fof no jogino batu ko faati e waylowaylo kilimaa o kono dum egginaama sabu nokkuuji di fof wonti opital. O Batu noon no wadno nafoore sabu wallatno anndude ko leydeele de poti kotisude pur be mbaawa wadde ko be njewtuno ko e Pari. Musiba o kadi hadi leydeele de waawde kotisude sabu kambe fof ko musiba o be kucciti.[5]Surnal gooto wii no aduna o yidiri fudditaade liggey nii no waawi burtinde gaas o/curki ki. Direkteer Agens international liggotodo e Enerji wii ko coggu gasuwal o ustii ko e fewndo korona no waawi wallude ustude curki kii. Ko ko betti Fuddagol hendu bongou maa gaas fii isinji e massinji jockey di COVID-19 no sikaano wa wallaydo beydugol gaas kono duytataa. External links ·         United Nations: Six Nature Facts Related to Coronaviruses Hiimoɓe Patogen ko pihun tokosun kun andandaa waawataake yiheede e gitte- hino wawi jonnude naw. Hino wawii taweede kadi e kunloy innetekoy parasit sabu ko maa di heba kadi wuura. Burdo andeede on ko biddo nawna maa bateri. Nabbeeji  ko patogen adata- wana CORONA no wi'ee nawnaaje rabay de. Sifaaji Ko yihoto e ko yihotaako Nabbe aduna ko kala hunde jonnay nde nawnaare, ko fandi woo kono ko dun hollata nabbe jarude yahude clinic. dun hino wawii jokude yimbe ben ko dun takki gollobe fii cellal famata fii naawnare be yi'ay nabbe den kono haara nawnaare alaa. Nabbe wondude e finde ko sifaaji diddi: wawudo yahanede ka clinic e nabbe de alaa finde hidde inne nabbe fankude. Nabbe godde kadi no wawii wonude e nder bandu kono hara meminaaki. Missal: doyru ko biddo nawna m meminaaki ka bandun jonta dun. E missal nawnaare indetede herpes. Nabbe den no sendaa e sifaaji buy:tiidudi, (ka findeeji yaawata yiheede), koronik, ( ka findeeji burata yiheede nande woo) hawrude, (hara findeeji yaawataa yaltude kono si yaltii no wawii yaawude sattude bura nawnudo on hara kornii ka bandu), lajoodin(hara finde alaa kono nawnaare den no wodii) e Fokal, (ko dun woni ka bandu ndun fuddike muusude haa les ndu sakitii don). Raabugol ngol Iwugol nawnaare den e goddo yaha e goddo ko dun innetee rabugol. Bibbe nawna bee no wodii sifaaji nabbe ko adata e kanji kadi no woodii no di raabirta. fii faamugol no nawnaare den yarta e ko honno nde renirtee, joma gandal en fotii andude ko hono nabbe den rabirta. Raabugol no dudii sifaaji. Fayda, ko nii wahi: Wernoowo nawnaare nden (sabu maa wooda ko wernata nde) woni jonnirde nawnaare nden. ko burii ko ko biddo nawna on e bakteri adata dun. Wernoowo on ko neddo madun kulun nawnu kun nawnaare nden no wawii yaltude e mo selaa naata e seludo Raabugongol k si nawnudo jonnii goddo go'o nawnaare nden Wonande ko ka nawnaare nden yiiloto haa waawa nawninde goddo. Naatugongol ko si tawi nawnaare nden yiilotoo haa waawa nawninde goddo njaatigi aroowo on ko kala mo newnaare den waawi nangude No jogiido biddo nawna on raabirta selludo no dudii.Bibbe nabbe ben godde no wawii raabirde e naametee maa ndiyan, goddi ko si ontigi memii nawnudo e kaddi bibbe nabbe godde ko ka hendu hebotoo. E ndee yewtere en buray miiaade fii nabbe raabirteede e hendu. Fuddagol kanun e heugol feere Fuddagol e hebugol feere Kadi, yimbe wobbe no wawii nawnude hay si be marii cellal e microoragnisme ji buy. No biddo nawnaare nden tampinirta wernoowo nawnaare den e doole makko fii piirugol e lekki kin kanun e no bandu ndun reeniraa e naabbe no wawii tapinde wernoowo nawnaare nden.Jooma gandal be wi'ii wo bibbe nabbe den woni sabu dun. Bibbe nabbe attiide Nabbbe attiide(maa germe) ko nabbe de andandaa naatay ka bandun selludo hara libataamo kono walay nabbe godde kadi nanga ontigi on. Germe j neddo ko buri kon naatay e bandu goddo kono nabbe bonde no wawii feenu e bandu neddo on maa ka o woni don. Bibbe nabbe subay wernoowo mabbe. Bibbe nabbe godde no wawii nangude aden mo alaa cellal bandu maa si godo barmike, nde naatira ka temmeere. Nden naabe ko burata nangude ko aden mo sella buy. Nawnaare adiinde e newnaare ndimere Nawnaare addi nde no wawii wonude sabaabu angal cellal. Nawnaare dimmere ko nawnaare wonude sabaabu haa nawnaare addi nde nden burta sattude. Raabugol ngol Nabbe no wiyaa raabay si nawnudo on batike mo nawnaani on (e missal grip) .Godde no raabira ka mbandu, tawi raabugol ngol ko ontigi walidii e nawnudo.Fii nabbe rabbay de no iwa e goddo nanga goddo si on meemondiiri maa si ko ka fofango, kono hino wawi wonude ka  hendu kadi, ka niamete e ndiyan, hakunde kulle e yimbe ko hodidata kon kadi. Signs & Symptoms Findeeji nawnaare nden no fawii e sifaa nawnaare den. Goddi nangay bandu ndun fop, siifa tampugol, angal naamugol, sewugol, wulu bandu, lakkegol,diwnugol, e muusu bandu. Goddi no fawii e nokelji bandu ndun, wana nawnaareguri ngin, doyyuugool e durmegol. Nde wonde naabe godde andotaako e wobbe ka fuddore e hay si be nawnii. Hebbuggol biddo nawnaa on wana fii ontigi nownay forse sabu goddi nawnintaa. Fii bakteri maa viral Sabu findeji fii bakteri e naabe no waawii wonude gooto, hinno satii sedidirde. Faamugol ko sertinii no marii nafoore sabu nabbe goodde waawata niawndeede e antibiotik hara nawnudo bakteri no wawii niawdeede. Nawndugongol Si nawnaare nangii bandu ndun, lekki hiono wodii wawu ki mo warude.Sifaaji nden leeke no dudii. Antibiyotik fii bakteri kono wanna fii biddo nawna on. Antibiotik ko fii duytugol nawnaare nden e warugol bakteri on. Référence Mariyaama Ba, jibinaaɗo ñande sappo e jeeɗiɗi le wuru awril hitaande 1929 to Dakar,sanki e nder ngoon wuro ñande sappo e jeeɗiɗi le wuro ut hitande 1981, ko debbo windiyanke senegaalnaajo. E nder defte makko, omo haɓɓo waasde potal hakunde worɓe e rewɓe mo aadaaji afriknaaɓe saabi. Yimɓe Paraguwaay ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Muhammadu Buhari hanko Woni ardiiɗo leysɗi Niseriya jooniijo ɓaawo o Suɓaama ardaaki leydi ndin nder cuɓol hitaande 2015 ngol o jaalii ardiiɗo Nijeeriya ɓooymaajo Goodluck Jonathan. Ndimu Muhammadu Buhari dañaama nder gallol Daura, e Diiwal Katsina, 17 Bowte, 1942. Innde baaba maako Maalam Arɗo Adamu, Pullo arɗoojo, inna maako boo innde mum Zulaihat, koleejo. Ngam non o hawtii ƴiiƴam ɗiɗam, Pullo to baaba, koleejo malla Siratiijo malla Kaanuuriijo to inna. Hanko woni noogas e tataɓo to baaba maako. Duuɓi maako nayi baaba maako sooyti,ngam non, inna maako eelti mo. Janngirde O janngii duɗal arandewal to Daura primary school e Mai'adua, hitaande 1953, duɗal ɗiɗaɓal to Katsina Middle School, e Katsina Provincial Secondary School gila 1956 faago 1961. Ardungal e cuɓol hitaande 2019 ngol o jaali ballo ardiiɗo Nijeeriya ɓooymaajo, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar. Bako ɗon no boo fuu o soojaajo ɓooymaajo, ardinooɗo Niijeeriya ki duuɓi ɓurɗi ɗiɗi hakkunde Hitaande 1983-1985. O siwtake duuɓi cappanɗe, nden ɓaawo ɗon o naati ɗaɓɓutuki ardaaki leydi ndin to laawol siyaasa. O dañaama nder gallol Daura, e Diiwal Katsina, 17re Bowte, 1942. Diina Fillago Lencitaaki Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Katsina Fulfulde Faatu Jom Jibinaado e 1968 to Ñodior e Senegaal, Faatu Jom ko debbo windiyanke senegaalnaajo heen francenaajo heen. Caggal jaltingol ciimti dentuɗi, La Préférence nationale e duuɓi 2001, deftere nde Le Ventre de l'Atlantique adaniimo ɓayre adunaare. Windande maako ina yilli noon kadi toɓɓe peewɗe e ɗanŋgal to France e jaggondiral hakkunde France e dowla Afriknaaɓe. Nguurndam Faatu Jom jibinaa ko e duuɓi 1968 e dow dannere tokosere mo Ñojoor… e dowri ndi Saalum, to leydi seereraabe, bange rewo e hirnaange Senegaal. Ɓiɗɗo debbo fergitere — jiɗnaaɓe makko ndesondiraano — ko taani makko debbo Aminata… nekimo. Yettoode makko nde iwi ko Sin-Saalum, toon yetta Jom ko Niominka yen Worii ko fina tawa ngenndi maako yuuɓni, o ɓuri ɓallade ko woorɓe, kono wonaa yahde wallude reuɓe defde kiraaɗe e toppitaade golle galle. Beeyondiral makko e kala sahaa e faaɗeende danŋere nde saabi o felliti yahde duɗal o jaŋgoy farayse. Ma wadi dumunna nde taani makko debbo jaɓi gonal makko poɗɗo jangineede : Faatu Jom kurkayel ngel ko ma suuɗo so ina yaka duɗal, haa ñande janŋginoowo makko heɓi tefde taanirawo makko nde woppatamo o jokka. Article à référence nécessaire Nde o dañi duuɓi sappo e tati, ndeen o muuyaa ñeeñal haala haaliyakooɓe ɗemŋgal farayse waɗi kadi o fuɗɗi winndude. Faatu Jom ummi wuro mum en ngam yahde jokkoyde diaŋɗeele mum to ngendiije goɗɗe e nder Senegaal, fof tawa o mbo yoɓira ɗaam nguurndam aga golle tokoose e sappo e duuɓi 14 makko;.caggal ɗuum o fa'i lycée mo M'bour ; o golli mbindanaagal to Gammbi e o sakkitori naatande jaŋde duɗal haatirde to Dakaar. E oon saha, o faalaa wontude janginoowo farayse, tawa o miijaaki woɗɗitaade leydi jibinande makko. Kono, e duuɓi makko noogaas e ɗiɗi, o yiɗondiri e fransnaajo gooto, o resa kadi o felliti rewde e mum France to Strasbourg gila 1994. Bandiraaɓe jom galle makko nde kaɓiimo, duuɓi ɗiɗi pawi heen o seera, kadi o yiiti tampere mawnde, o mbo weelda e ngonka makko ɗanniyanke e nder leydi francenaaɓe. Ngam waawde wuurde e yoɓde jaŋɗeele makko, o windiniima duuɓi jeegom, hay nde o waawi huutoraade gollal keetinaaɗo diaŋngingol ko heen saha nde o fiiloto lefol jaŋɗeele lugge, ko adi o mbo fuɗɗo witto makko e " Le voyage, les échanges et la formation dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Sembène Ousmane " Katantaagal Caggal jangudemo bindirɗe e afo gande to duɗal haatirde mo Strasbourg, o watti ɗoon janginde, rewi heen ko jangindemo duɗal haatirde Marc-Bloch mo Strasbourg e to duɗal toowngal facciro mbo Karlsruhe, to Almaañ. O heɓi tongorɗe doctorat honoris causa to duɗal haatirde mbo Liège hitaande 2017. O wuurta kadi e bindugol : O saakti La Préférence nationale, ciimti dentuɗi to caaktirɗe mo Présence africaine hitaande 2001. Le Ventre de l'Atlantique woni deftere makko andiinde, saaktaande hitaande 2003 to caaktirɗe mo Anne Carrière. Caggal mum, Kétala (2006), Inassouvies, nos vies (2008), Celles qui attendent (2010) e Impossible de grandir (2013) ndewi heen. E hitaande 2019, o nawi raay Prix littéraire mo Rotary Clubs e ɗemŋgal farayse sabaabunde deftere makko wiiteende Les veilleurs de Sangomar. Darnde ñiiɓnde O haargi mo ngala yourmeende, o manti nafoore janŋde e teddungal kuule laamorɗe E ko hujjaaji laamaaɓe ɓeydi ko, Faatu Jom ina noddee saha fof ngam hollirde yiyande mum e ko faati e politiki e rendo e nder kabrirɗe baaɗi no tele walla peres. O darima kadi darnde teeŋtunde ngam haɓaade ɓeydogol hujjaji laamaaɓe wondude e Rassemblement National to France. Wondemo windiyanke saabi o holliri e defte makko siftinde teddungal kuule laamorɗe e neɗɗaagal sabu omo joottori « wonde fotaaka deƴƴeede yeeso jartobdinɓe e pompotiral ɓesŋguugi». E nder haala makko kadi o fooɗanto ko potal nder ballondiral hakkunde Orop e Afriki. O joottori ko o oɗo saha, Orop heerori nafoore ngaal jokkotiral ngal fotndaaka kadi Afriki naftoraaki ngalu mum. O mbo jootorii kadi wonde kerse njiimanteeri ina keddi to bangal Afrikinaabe hono tobangal Oropnaabe, ko dum haɗi potal ɓeydaade e ngaal jokkotiral. O dartorii ko wonde mboni fof fof, e kala noon to waawi wonde iwdi makko, foti ko jaggireede no innama aade yeeso inama aade goɗɗo. E oon fannu, tawa o fawaani tuumuya e hay gooto e dowle dentuɗe ɗe, o haɓaniima afrikinaaɓe fodde mum enn seertude e ngonka mumen foolaaɓe e oroɓnaaɓe nde njaltata e darnde foolɓe nde ndari ngam dartinde jiiɓre wonnde hakkunde ɗahooɓe e ɗahaaɓe, rokkooɓe e faabaaɓe. Ko laati ko, o teeŋtini wonde wallude neɗɗo, ko wallude ɗum haa natta fawaade e ballal ma e mum, eeraango faade e balle ɓamtaare ɗe leeɗeele hirnaaŋge mbaɗi e nder Afriki e hooremum. Defte 2001 : La Préférence nationale, recueil de nouvelles, édition Présence Africaine. 2002 : Les Loups de l’Atlantique, nouvelles, Dans le recueil : Étonnants Voyageurs. Nouvelles Voix d’Afrique. 2003 : Le Ventre de l'Atlantique, roman, éditions Anne Carrière, éditions Le Livre de poche 30239 2006 : Kétala, roman, Éditions Flammarion. 2008 : Inassouvies, nos vies, roman, Éditions Flammarion. 2010 : Le Vieil Homme sur la barque, récit (illustrations de Titouan Lamazou), Naïve. 2010 : Celles qui attendent, roman, Éditions Flammarion 2010 : Mauve, récit, Éditions Flammarion 2013 : Impossible de grandir, roman, Éditions Flammarion. 2017 : Marianne porte plainte !, essai, Éditions Flammarion. 2019 : Les Veilleurs de Sangomar, Albin Michel. Mbindanteeri (en) Dominic Thomas, « African Youth in the Global Economy: Fatou Diome's Le Ventre de l'Atlantique », Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 2006, no 26(2), p. 243-259 Jacques Chevrier, « Fatou Diome, une écriture entre deux rives », Revue des littératures d'Afrique, des Caraïbes et de l'océan Indien, no 166, 2007, p. 35-38 Victor Essono Ella, La crise de l’identité à travers l’écriture de Valentin Yves Mudimbe, Eugène Ebodé et Fatou Diome, Université Rennes 2, 2008, 365 p. (thèse de doctorat de Littérature française) Eugénie Fouchet, La représentation romanesque de la femme africaine chez Fatou Diome et Fatou Keïta, Université de Metz, 2009, 156 p. (mémoire de master recherche 2e année de Littérature, cultures et spiritualités) M. H. Kebe, « Le ventre de l'Atlantique, de Fatou Diome », L'Information psychiatrique, 2004, vol. 80, no 6, p. 491-493 C. Mazauric, « Fictions de soi dans la maison de l'autre (Aminata Sow Fall, Ken Bugul, Fatou Diome) », Dalhousie French Studies, 2006, vol. 74-75, p. 237-252 Hiimoɓe Aadama Njaay walla Aadama Amandaa Njaay gandiraaɗo Adama Paris, innde maantorde nde o fenti, jibinaa ko to Kinshasa. Ko o senegaalnaajo cañoowo, pentoowo ɓoornanteeri. Ko kanko woni sabaabu ñalanɗe adunayankooje keewɗe ko way heen no Black Fashion Week baɗoowo to Prague, Bahia, Paris e Montreal gila 2010. Nguurndam Aadama Njaay jibinaa ko 1977 to Kinshasa, jinnaaɓe mum ko dipolomat en senegaalnaaɓe. Katantaagal e golle ñiiɓɗe Caggal nde o jaŋngi gandal kisal faawru, o fuɗɗi golle ko e suudu moftirdu koppareeje. Caggal mum seeɗa, o naatani jaŋnde cañgol kadi o udditi maantorde Adama Paris, waccore nde o noddirtee galle maɓɓe, kañum cate goɗɗe boornanteeri ngam nawrude yeeso karallaagal makko e karallaagal sañooɓe woɗɓe. Ngam anndinde ñooti makko e humpitaademo ŋakkere dokgol cañgol e nder Senegal, o fenti deefiile cañi biyeteeɗo Dakar Fashion Week… mbo sañooɓe woɗɓe kadi mbaawi tawtoreede. E hitaande 2010 kadi, o ummini Black Fashion Week, baɗoowo to Prague, Bahia, Paris e Montreal. E hitaande 2013,Aadama Njaay udditi tele mum biyeteeɗo Fashion Africa Chanel mbo faandaare mum woni e ɓamtude cañgol afrikinaaɓe. Kanko kadi koo ittoowo kumpa cañgol e habrirde Canal + e daawal + d'Afrique. Sirluuji e karallaagal O wuuri ko hakkunde Los Angeles, Paris e Dakar. Pila mbeñaa E hitaande 2015, Aadama Njaay ina jeyaa e « rewɓe 50 ɓurɓe tiiɗde e nder Afriki », tuumnaade e habrirde yontere ha yontere mbo afrikinaaɓe biyeteeɗo Jeune Afrique piilɗomo «papesse des Black Fashion Week » Hiimoɓe Yimɓe Taytu Betul (ge'ez : ጣይቱ ብጡል), inniraanooɗo Wälättä Mikael ko debbo dimo ecopinaajo jibinaaɗo hedde 1851 nder to Semien, sara Tigray, o sankii ñande 11 colte 1918 to Entoto. Ko o laamiyaŋke jiimnooɗo e laamanteeri ndi Ecopi tuggude 1889 haa 1913. Sabu iwdemo e ɓesngu rimɗungu ɓooyngu to rewo Ecopi, o heɓii nehdi ñiiɓndi e cosaan e aada. O jangii kadi dowre goɗɗe ballitoojemo e fannu laamagol ko way heen no geɗe jawtuɗe keeri, newnotiral, ko ganduɗa hewaano e oon jamaanu e debbo, e nder Afriki walla nokku goɗɗo. Caggal dewle keewɗe, Betu resondiri e lewru seeɗto 1883 e laamiɗo Choa biyeteeɗo Sahle Myriam, mo ganduɗa ko kam e makko poti pellital, kadi kañum ina yiilotonoo ballal toon e rewo leydi he. Ngaal ballital saabi Sahle Myriam jiimi e kala laamu e nder Ecopi e hitaande 1889 e nootitoraademo Menelik II. Ndeen waɗi Taytu Betul jeyaa e rewɓe ɓurɓe dowlude e oon jamaanu. Newniyaŋke laaptuɗo, Taytu Betul sirŋiniima haɓi e koniyanŋkooɓe italinaaɓe muuyanooɓe dahde leydi makko. Laamuyanke o sali fountondireede haa woni sabu ɗuum waasnatnoɓe yoga e leyɗeele ecopinaɓe. Ko wonaa ɗuum ko, jom galle makko ŋeewi tawo ko nanondiral ko adii nde omo abbo e koŋgol jom suudu makko. Taytu Betul ina tawa wolde Adoua nde 1896, mo ɓe ndippi e dow italinaaɓe. Haysinno o jogaaki gollal teeŋtungal, doole makko e boowal laamu he e to jom galle makko seeraani e ɓeydaade. O lelnii peeje keewɗe haa teeŋti e darnugol laamorgo ngo Ecopi jooni ngo, woni Addis-Abeba. Nde wonno habdiiɓe Menelik ɓe wondude heen feccere e ɓiɓɓe leydi ndi ngonaa welaaɓemo, nde jom galle makko o sanki tan o joña baŋnge. Nguurndam Taytu Betul ummi ko e ɓesngu Oromos dowlungu e baŋnge rewo Abyssinie kadi foottungu jokkere e lasli salomonide kam e laamɗo mo teemidinol XVII ɓiwol, Susneyos. Baba makko, gonnooɗo ras Betul Haile Maryam, ko kalfinaaɗo laamu mo Semien. Kabaruuji faade e yummum Taytu Betul ina niɓɓiɗi : yoga e windooɓe cikki e riimayɓe o ummi, yaama koo korɗo, woɗɓe ina ciforoomo debbo keewɗo nafoore, « debbo tedduɗo mo Gondar ». Taytu Betul ko kumbaajo ɓesngu ngu sukaaɓe nayo, ɗiɗo worɓe e ɗiɗo rewɓe, kamɓe fof ɓe keɓi cagataagal, ko heewaani, sabu kewgol maayirgol cukaaku keewnongol to Ecopi e oon jamaanu. Taytu Betul jokkiino jaggireede no « lewlewal mo Ecopi». Cukaaku e jaŋde Taytu jibinaa ko Semien, saanga 1851. Hono sukaaɓe rewɓe rimɓe heewɓe rewooɓe diine Iisa e saare he, Taytu Betul nehii ko e nehdi diiniyankaagu yuɓɓungu. O jangi kadi amharique, ñaawooje , geɗe adunnayaŋkooje e politiki. Taytu Betul heblaama e dewgal ko yaawi, o adi reeseede ko gila omo yaara e duuɓi 10 hakkunde makko e gooto e sordaasi laamuyaŋke mo Téwodros II. Ndeen noon, kabaruuji ko faati e cukaaku kam e cagataagal makko ɓuraa heew. Gadiiɗo resdemo soka ko e yanŋgo felliyankooɓe. Wadde, Taytu Betul resta laawol ɗiɗoɓol e bieteeɗo « dejazmach » Taklé Guiorguis[3], mbo o seertata ngam humtaneede e goɗɗo ɓurɗo alɗude e dowlude. Dewgal ngal muujaaki sabu urɓudemo gorko makko haa firñitii e Yohannes IV. Peeje ɗe cuurta, waɗi o waawnaa e dewgal ngal heewaani ngartam e konuyanke ɓolto. Caggal ɗeen dewle nai ɗe muujaaki no feewi, Taytu resondiri e cukko sordaasi mo Sahle Maryam, négus mo Choa, rewi heen ko sordaasi Fitaorari Zekargatchou, keynum Sahle Maryam. Dewgal makko cakkitiiŋgal hakkunde makko e ras Ouoldié walliti ganndotiral makko e négus o. Ndeen noon, Taytu Betul naati e dewle keewɗe ko adii nde omo hawra kadi o resondira e gonoyoowo laamuyaŋke o. Dewgal makko e Sahle Maryam Nde Sahle Maryam, gardiiɗo mo Choa, hawri e Taytu Betul, tawi ko dewgal mum e debbo mum gadiiɗo bieteeɗo Altash, ɓiyum Téwodros II o, gasiino[4]. Ndeen noon, ko batoowo ina wiee Bafana o yiɗnoo, kono garal Taytu Betul, ganndiraaɗo ɗaaɗgol mum peɗeeli e mbaadi mum laaptundi sabu iwdi mum e oromos, waɗi o liɓi oya ko yaawi. Taytu Betul e Sahle Maryam ndesondiri ko ñande seeɗto 1883[4]. Ngalɗo dewgal rendini ko yimɓe ɗiɗo jom en anniyaaji tiiɗɗi, jogiiɓe kadi mbaawkaaji timmitinɗi baawɗi yettindeɓe e jappeere laamu he. Ceeɓgol mawngol to bange politiki e gardogol mo Taytu, timmini ɗum ko mbaawka ganndal werto leydi. Ko teeŋtini ɗum, ɓesngu kanko jogorɗo wonoyde laamuyaŋke, omo jogi ballal to rewo too, iwdi laamuyaŋkooɓe ɗiɗo ɓennuɓe ɓe, woni  Téwodros II eYohannes IV[5]. Waddene, hoɗɓe to rewo ɓe ɓurnoo teddineede to baŋnge ƴamgol lefol laamu. O naworii e dewgal he kadi ngalu heewŋngu ummoriiŋngu e leyɗeele ndema e wosorɗe kam e pelle jaaƴɗe hesindiiɓe sabaabu nde jinnaaɓe makko. Sahle Maryam jeyaa ko to baŋnge worgo, wadde resondirdemo e Taytu ma laɓɓin ngonka makko e nder saare he. To baŋngal mum, Taytu Betul kañum hollirii anniyaaji laamorɗi toowɗi… kadi o nangiri dewgal ngal ko jettorgal ngal juutata e doole laamuyaŋkaagal[5]. Jaati, wonde Sahle Maryam laamɗo mo Choa addanii ɗum fooɗanaade laamu Ecopi tuumnaade e gootol e lasli makko mo asko nawti haa to roi Salomon kam e reine de Saba, ballal nafowal so tumnaama e Kebra Nagast, to fina tawaji e kuule ecopinaaɓe ndentinaa[6]. Taytu Betul ina laaɓa wonde, ƴoyre makko mawnde nde e peertugol makko to baŋnge politiki, so ɓeydaama e dañal makko to baŋngue paggundi, maa adanmo wallude jom galle makko haa yettina anniya mum kadi kaŋko ne o jogo nafoore e jogogal leydi ndi. Wadde dewgal ngal koko miijta haa ɓenndi to baŋgeeji ɗiɗi fof. Wadde dewgal ngal koko mi Debbo laamuyanke o e jiimgol e Ecopi E nder saha ɓurɗo huccude e adunayaŋkagal, debbo laamuyaŋke keso o soobima haa tiiɗi e calagol njiimanteeri oropnaaɓe. . Ndeen maayirde teemodinol duuɓi XIXɓiiwol, ko jaaccingol keeri njiimanteeri e nder Afriki fof [7]. Feññini Taytu Betul ko saalaade mum feewde e Oropnaaɓe e kuule mbo o yamiri jom galle makko yo ƴettu feewde e jaɓɓugol ndimaagu maɓɓe mo ñaawooje koɗe ɗe pooɗontono. Debbo laamuyanŋke o ardii konu saliiɓe oropnaaɓe, salinooɓe feere jokkotiral mo laamuyanŋke Ménélik II fewjunoo hakkunde mum e oropnaaɓe[8]. Debbo laamuyaŋke o walliti gollal njogitaari feewde e Italinaaɓe, e kargugol Oropnaaɓe e leydi he. Kono noon, hay sinno o ɓuraa horsin Oropnaaɓe ɓe, haa adaniimo wiide o waawa muñde hendu maɓɓe, Taytu Betul ina hottanno Oropnaaɓe e kewuuji laamɓe ɗi, taw noon omo jeerto been ɗoon[9]. Nafoore wootere nde o yiyi e maɓɓe fawi ko e ngonka rewɓe to Orop. Cirŋinagol debbo makko e golle bonɗe Italinaaɓe ɗe ngaddani Menelik saaktude e 1893 toŋgondiral mo Wuchale ngal o siifno duuɓi nay jawtuɗi, ŋakkungal fotde tolno hakkunde tuumnorgal amharik ngal e tuumnorgal italinaaɓe ngal, jaggirnoongal laamanteeri makko ndi deentorgal italinaaɓe. Ñande 1 mbooy 1896, konuuji makko pooli italinaaɓe toAdoua, e nder Tigray. Tuumnorɓe keewɗe tuumi Taytu Betul tawtoreede boowal wolde mo Adoua, kono ala heen ko laaɓi. Fof tan ko njoorto laamuyaŋkooɓe resondirɓe ɓe, fawnooɓe fof e nguuɗoon poolgu, ndañi wune: nde wolde Adoua nde ɓenni, ɓe ndañii fodde gooŋɗunde kadi Oropnaaɓe ɓe ndaardiɓe yiitere aardiiɓe neetaanteeɓe e dowlal mo Afriki kesal jaafaŋngal « fodde njiimanteeri »[10]. Coobagol makko e laamorgol Ménélik II Taytu Betul soobiima no feewi e laamorgol mo Ménélik II. Waasdemo fiileede lefol régente waɗi debbo laamuyaŋke o ala hay jojannde wootere ko faati e laamorgol e haala[11]. Haɗaani noon wuurdiiɓe ɓe seettaade coobagol makko teeŋtungol, kadi ciforoomo saha no debbo ŋaɗɗo mo laamu jarani fof. Cafroowo mawɗo biyeteeɗo Paul Merab (en), ɓattiiɗo ɓeen laamuyaŋkooɓe resondirɓe, ko nii siforiimo[11] : « Debbo laamuyaŋke o ko peertuɗo tigi, pinɗo tigi e geɗe ko faati e Orop ¬(…), O mbo tawtoree haajuuji leydi ndi kala : Haajuuji adunayaŋkooji ɓuri wojdemo no feewi. O mbo jogi yiyannde laaɓtunde seniinde e geɗe gooɗɗe ɗe (…) Taitou ɓoyi rokkude jom galle mum waajuuji baɗɗi faayida. Ménélik ɓeeɗaa siifde tawo waynaakimo ». O ɓeydi heen e 1907 : « Gila duuɓi sappo e jeetati ko joƴinaa e jappeere he, o meeɗaa seerde e hollirde hoore makko e kala saha, ko debbo hooreejo, debbo gollotooɗo[12]. » Nafoore Taytu Betul ina tawe kadi e cuɓogol e jaakorɗe laamu tiiɗɗe, to enɗam makko ittanaa geɗal sanne, jiŋngere jibinandemo ngañgu aristocrat yen iwɓe diiwanuuji goɗɗitiiɗimo, haa teeŋti e rimɓe mo choane[13]. Ko ɓeydi heen, debbo laamuyaŋke o dognata e boowal laamu he tan ko laamorgal ngenndiyaŋkeewal[14]. Ko teeŋtini ɗum, omo woƴanoo sanne nguurndam laamorgo ngo, Addis Abeba, sompaango ko mooyaani e dow peeje makko kam e jom galle makko[15]. Sabaabu nde makko, laamorgo ngo wonti nokku potal e bewre laamiiɓe. Debbo laamuyaŋke o suɓii kadi dingiral moo naŋngiri gooto e nokkuuji kaanduɗo e ñeemtinde laamuyankaagu ngam hollirde doole laamorɗe makko[16]. Taytu Betul walli kadi jom galle mum seertude e haɓaade peeje ɗe haɓdiiɓe makko pewjatno[17]. Ndeen noon, taadi tuumnorɗe ɓooyɗe e seedantaagu fotngu woodaani, andude nafoore debbo laamuyaŋke o haa laapta weeɓaani[17]. Fof tan ko wiide darnde makko won ɓe muusi, tuumaamuyaaji keewɗi kam haalaluuji peeñii, ummoraade e ñaawooje koɗe, kadi wonndude e heen baŋnge yimɓe leudi makko. Ɗiin haalaluuji pawaa ko e jikku debbo laamuyaŋke o, naŋngiraaɗo muusɗo e nayɗo [17]. No Ménélik II wayi yiɗeede ni, ko noon Taytu Betul wayi añeede. Taytu Betul feeññini ɗum ko jikku mum muusɗo, e ceeɓgol mum e laamorgol e jamaanu mo rewɓe ngalaano koŋngol e no laamirtee. O dañii heƴde e nokku mo worɓe tan keerorinoo. Njanŋgu makko caggal maayde gorko laamuyaŋke o Ɗiin haalaluuji e ndeen yiitere bonnde feewde e Taytu Betul ndartaaki : nde Ménélik II faawaa, ɗi ɓeydii tuumdemo ko maayde gorko laamuyaŋke o ñaagotoo. Merab windi : « Gila o faawa, ko kaŋko wonti e goonga gaardiiɗo leydi ndi baŋnge laamogol ko yaltata hono ko naatata13]. » Kono noon, ɗeen tuumaamuyaaji ngala to ɓaggi kadi woɗɓe njeddii ɗi18]. Teeŋtini ɗum ko Taytu Betul duñciraama e laamu he seeɗa seeɗa gila ni ko adii jom galle makko ina saŋko. Caggal saŋkaare Menelik, o joñcoyii galle laamorɗo mo Entoto. Taaniiko Lidj Iyasou, gontuɗo laamuyaŋke e dow innitoraade Iyasou V, fiiltaa e siilto 1916 sabu rimɓe ɓe e egiliis o njaɓaani juulɗo ardo leydi ndi[19]. Lomtiimo ko Zewditou, ɓiɗɗo debbo mo Ménélik II jibidini e debbo goɗɗo. Nde o nani oon kabaaru, Taytu, njoncoynooɗo to galle laamorɗo moEntoto, ko hono nii fotata wiide « Jonni noon ko debbo ɓe piili kono wonaa miin. Kono wonaa miin ». Ɗuum ɗoon ne ɗefi teeŋtinde tuumamuyaaji biyatnooɗi wonde Taytu Betul yiɗnoo ko wonde « debbo laamiɗo worɓe »[20]. Debbo laamuyaŋke keso o ina nanndi e neetaniiɗo Taytu kadi o ñaagiimo yoo tawmo Addis-Abeba, oon jaɓaani, kono no wayi fof Zewditou arii haa Entotto neetanaademo[20]. Caggal mum seeɗa, Taytu ñaagii yoo nawte Gondar jokkitoyde toon nguurndam mum, kono laamu ngu sali. Lebbi tati pawii heen o saŋkii, ñande 11 colte 1918[21]. Nde o maayi ñande 11 colte 1918, Zewditou fewji janayse balɗe tati kuljinɗe ngam mawninde golleTaytu Betul [21]. O wiraa ko sara jom galle makko Ménélik II e nder monastère mo Taeka Negest Ba'eta Le Mariam to Addis Abeba[22]. Golle e ndonu Waɗii sahaa, Taytu Betul naŋngiraa ko debbo laamuyaŋke toowɗo kufune kadi mbo yiɗaa arɓe haa teeŋti noon e laamuyaŋkooli oropnaaɓe, yiyannde nde Chris Prouty yaadaani. E yiyannde o debbo taarikiyaŋke Ameriknaajo , Taytu ko e gooŋnga mum woni e deentagol mum Oropnaaɓe wonnooɓe e halfude Afriki fof seeɗa seeɗa [22]. Heen baŋnge, ko ngool deentogol addani Ecopi, caggal poolgu to Adoua, heddaade leydi ngootiri e dowle Afriki, e hawde wolde njiimanteeri. Ndeen Ecopi naati e Société des Nations hakkunde golwole aduniyaŋkooje ɗiɗi ɗe, kono Itali mo Benito Mussolini njani e dow maɓɓe taw dental aduniyaŋkeewal ngal ɗippaani ni[23]. To Dowlaaji-dentuɗi, poolgu mo Ecopi e dow laamuuji njimanteeri ngu europnaaɓe, goomu mo Harlem Renaissance, mbeytoriima ɗum haa teeŋti e 1910 e sabaabu cehoowo biyereeɗo Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller (en) e Cehgal mum Ethiopia Awakening. E ooɗo saha Oo sahaa mo ngonɗen, innde Taytu Betul ina laati anndeede e italinaaɓe, e nde tawee e koŋnguɗi baaɗi no « Oo holmo naŋngiri horemum ? Laamuyanke Taytu » (Ma chi si crede di essere quella là, la regina Taitù?) Walla kadi « Omo nanndi e dono laamu Taytu », ngol ɗoo koŋngol heewi wiyeede ɗum ko debbo keewɗo koongu e dow gorko mum[23], e ngol yiite hay e nder defte sukaaɓe [22]. Taytu Betul waɗi jaloore mawnde e yeeso Italinaaɓe ko e wolde Adoua, kadi nde piggal ngal yawti, haalaluuji puɗɗi yirlaade e Itali, e ɗi mbiya wonnde debbo laamuyaŋke o itti ngoraagu soldateeɓe italinaaɓe maaynooɓe walla gaañinooɓe e wolde he [24]. Ɗiin kaaɗi e Taytu waasataa ngoni sabaabu keddagol innde makko e mbaadi makko e kawtal miijooji italinaaɓe. Natoowo italinaajo Emilio Bergamin innirii ni Taitù e hitaande 1974 daawal kaake laatingal fewneede haa jooni e 2020 he[22]. Ngasnirten ko Taytu Betul haa hannde ina mawninee hono debbo laamuyaŋke mawɗo e hooreejo mawɗo, hay sinno ni e haala ko debbo hooreejo tigi-tigi o tan o wonno, woni Ménélik II gorko makko laamuyaŋke o. Omo horsinaa no feewi kadi leñol chretien yen mo Ecopi ina annditimo sabu balle keewɗe e nguurndam makko mo o waɗani Église orthodoxe mo ecopi faade e njoɓdi hajju to Jérusalem[25]. Galle mo o inniraa ina woodi ni haa jooni e wuro teddungo ngo. Duuɓi capanɗe joy caggal saŋkaare makko, omo mawninee to Ecopi rewneede ɗum e cente tembaruuji mawninirɗi rewɓe tedduɓe e daari haŋki ecopinaaɓe [22]. O waɗaa ko e sara Zewditou, lomtiinooɗomo o, laamuyaŋke Hélène, laamuyaŋke Mentewab (en) e na wondee reine de Saba[22]. Caate e tuumnorɗe Ɓeyditorɗe Daarti nguurndam Elodie Descamps, « Taytul Betul, chef de guerre et "lumière" de l’Éthiopie », Jeune Afrique,‎ 2018 (lire en ligne). (en) Raymond Jonas, The Battle of Adwa : African Victory in the Age of Empire, United States of America, Harvard University Press, 2011. . (en) Thomas P. Ofcansky et David H. Shinn, Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia, Scarecrow Press, 2004. . Alaba Onajin et Dhiara Fasya, « Taitu Betul : l'avénement d'une Etege », sur UNESCO, 2014. Alexandra Pascal, Taytu et Zäwditu, impératrices d'Ethiopie (mémoire de maîtrise en histoire dirigé par Colette Dubois), Aix-en-Provence, Université d'Aix-Marseille I, 2000. . (en) Chris Prouty, Empress Taytu and Menilek II : Ethiopia, 1883-1910, Trenton, Red Sea or Ravens Educational and Development Services, 1986. . Yimɓe Sokhna Maama Diarra Ɓousso jibinaa koy hitaande 1833, o mayi ko hitaade 1866.Ko kanko wonno tataɓel ceerno Momar Anta Sali Mbacke.Sokhna Maama Diarra Bousso jibini Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba,ceerno mawdo e nder diine Islam e coosdo laawol Mourid. Ko deɓɓo gitanaa ndo gedal no feewi e laawol Mourid. Kala hitaande Maama Diarra ene Mawnine to Porokhane , Hende Nioro e nder saare Kaolack . Ko toon ni o sanki omo yare e duubi 33 ndungus . Ko kanko tan gooto Wonni Deɓɓo Dan mawninede  e senegaL.Clgal Mawningol Touba, Ziar mako o ne noote no fewi teenti noon e rewbe, ko mbe arrobe djouraade ngabri mako e nokudji diine goddi. Mbiindi e tuunorde Yi kaadi Diineji e adaaji e senegal Ngonka ndewaagu e senegal Deefte (en) Joseph Suad et al. (dir.), Encyclopedia of women & Islamic cultures, Brill, Leyde, Boston, 2007,vol. 5, p. 333 (ISBN 978-90-04-12821-7)d www.drouss.org (Plateforme de lecture et de téléchargement sur la bibliographie mouride) Tuunorde godde "Mawningol Maama Diarra Ɓousso", Tinntorgal e mojje e podnde ñimbede (biographie sur Seneweb, 2 seeɗto 2009) Yimɓe Senegal Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere Keɓɓal Kuuɓtinngal Ganni tawa ko e enteernet ko Eɓɓaande yowetiinde e ballal maŋngal e sirlu. Anniiya o ko weeɓnude keɓal ɗereeji ummiiɗi e faawru ganni ndu. Fandaare nde ko yuɓɓinde 30 miliyoŋ ɗereyol toŋnguɗi ganni Kawtal Leyɗeele. Faawru Ganni Faawru ndu sosa ko gila Kawtal ngal jibinaa.Gila 1919 ha hitaande 1946 golle Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere nde ina toŋngi e ko moofti e nder faawru ganni ndu. Njuɓɓudi Golle Pelle tati tambi golle ɗee. Fedde yuɓɓinoore kayitaaji itta ko jeyaako heen fof. Fedde wattoore ɗereeji ɗi e nder ordinateer.Fedde facciroore ko jibinaa e oridnateer. Fandaare Faandaare mawnde golle ɗee ko weeɓnude keɓal ganni Kawtal Leyɗeele Winndere nde tawo a seertaani e ordinateer ma e enteernet. Hol Do Tuugna Jimmie Kenneth Johnson (El Cajon, California, 17 September 1975). Yimɓe Banngladesh ko leydi e Aasiya. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 148.460 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2018 yimɓe 161.376.708. Laamorde nden ko Dhaka. Leydi Aasiya Afganistan ko ɓia Dawlaji Julɓe ɗun Afganistan un leydi e inɗe hakkuɗe e fombina geɓal Aasiya. E ɗun noddiradi e inɗe ɓerɗe Asiya. Ɗi hauti kerol e Pakistan e ta fuuna denbo e fombina haubo Iran eta hirna hai Turkministan gada woyla faaro hirna e Uzbekistan gada woyla Tajiskistan, gada woyla faaro fuuna hai bo ɗen China, gada woyla faaro fuuna ɗen e ta fuuna. E ɗi maari jairii ɗi jajirka kiloomita 652,864 (252,072sq mi) leydi din edi woodi nyooile ɗuɗɗe ɗeri bo ɗi ɓure ɗuɗirka jairi e ta wuttudu woyla e ɗembo fombina faaro hirna, e ɗen nyolde Hindu kush ɗun henɗi hakkuɗe maajun e ko yaari 2021. Ɗuɗirka ummatore maari yaari miliyan 40.2 ɗen eɗun maɓɓodi e lasgi mawɗi lesdi ɗun Baano ɓe pashtuns, Tajik, Hazaras e Uzbek, Kabul kanje ke gelle ɓurɗe mawgu lesdi ɗin ɗenbo kanje gooni jonde gelle mawɗe laamu lesdi ɗun. Ɗemle e lasgi Yimɓe Afganistan e ɗen maari ɗemle e lasgi ɗuɗɗi. Pushtuns manɓe goni lasgol ɓurgol mawgu latti kamɓe ngon 39% ɗun ɗuuɗirka ummatore lesdi ɗin (les wiigo liuutuugo laanyowo ngo 2019 ɗun horeeji Asiya) Hai Tajik (ko forsiwans) latti ɓe koochi 37% ɗun ummatore lesdi ɗin luttuɗe ɗen mawɗi lasgi tati tokkuɓe gaɗa hamɓe ngoni Tajik, Hadaras e Uzbek. E woodi ɓeddago lasgi kanji sappo e hanɓe ma eɓa ɗer ɗemle arduje ɗembo ko ɗeye ɗun inni inɗe maaɓe eder mantinare lesdi Afganistan. Ɗemle sappoje sappo ɗen e Pashto hanje ke ɗemle ngomnaati e Afganistan e ɗuun wolda e Bolle ko ɓuri go’o un huuɗe lattatiɗun ba ɗiyam jemma kautuɗan gelle dari un wolde komoye e komoye e gelle Kabul den bo e ɓurdun ɗuuɗuki e gattuti woyla e woyla faaro hirna lesdi ɗun. Nanooɓe bolle dari ɗun ko ɓene lasgi e ɗun noddiraɓe forsiwan. Pashto kanuun woni bolle Pashtu ɗun usl haidan ɗudɓe eder maɓɓe e ɓe ekkito bolle Pashto. Hai dai fuu enon Pashtus ɓe lattake ɓe ɓurgo ɗuuɗuki e siyasawal Afganistan ɗuuɓi aru, aru. Dari lattake wolde ɗe ɗun ɓuri yiɗuuki wolwiroɓe bolle dari ɓe nyaari 78% ɗun yimɓe leydi ɗin (Litlz) e wiigo CIA World Factbook yimɓe ɓe ɗun hoo’ata e jonde wolde leydi ɗun enon bo wolde ɓe e wolde dari ɓe nyaari 78% ɗun yimɓe lesdi ɗin ɗen hamɓe ɗuri hooshi e dau bolle leydi ɗun ɗenbo Pushto ebe goodi 50%, Uzbek 10%, Innglishi 5%, Turkmen 2%, Urdu 2%, Pashayi 1%, Nuristani 1%, Larabawankore 1%, e Balochi 1% (2021 est) e woodi bo pamare-pamare ɗemle gebal der haae Uzbek, Turkmen, Balochi, Pashayi e Nuristani wolde ko famuki Hindustani (Urdu-Hindi) inare e ɗuun ɗun waadi e goɗɗun geɓol Saboe wartuki dogguɓe waduɓe Hijra Afganistan gada Pakistan e ɗenbo anɗiraki fimiji-fimiji ɗi Bollywood. Haa e hande woɓɓe gada ɗer ummatore yimɓe lesdi eɓe faama inglishire ɗen eɗun heeɓa yiɗago gada nduungu 2000 woɓɓe ɓe Afganistan eɓe ɓawii bolle Ruslankar e ɗun ekkitoɓe ɗun gongirla ngomnati eder 1980. Nassiji Aasiya Leydi Mikheil Saakashvili (1967) President of Jorjiya (2004-2007, 2008-2013) Yimɓe Barack Hussein Obama II(1961)President Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (2009-2017) Internet Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Yimɓe Kaliningrad (Калининград) ko galluure nder Roosiya. Roosiya Giorgi (Giga) Ugulava (1975) Politician. Yimɓe Arjentiina ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Bahamas ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Boliwiya ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Ekwadoor ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik El Salwador ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Guyaana ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Hayti ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Jamayka ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Wenesuwela ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Uruguwaay ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Tirinidad e Tobago ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Nikaraaguwa ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Kosta Rika ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Aarabe Sawdiyanke ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Miyammar ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Butan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Filipiin ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Hinndi ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Imaaraatuuji Aarabe Dentuɗi ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Inndonesiya ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Irak ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Iran ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Israa’iila ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Kasakstan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Katar ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Kirgistan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Kuwayti ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Malaysiya ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Oman ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Pakistan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Sirlanka ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Tajikistan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Turkmenistan ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Kubaa ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Caadi ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Ecoppi ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Jibuuti ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Komoor ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Konngo (Ndenndaandi Demokaraasiyankeeri Konngo) ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Konngo (Ndenndaandi Jamaa Konngo) ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Lesoto ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Libiya ko leydi e Afirik. Leysdi Libya ɗi go’o e ɗer leysdi gonɗe woila Afirika hajoni eɗi wadi kerol e leysɗe jewe go’o hanje goni Misra (Masar), Sudan, Niger, Aljeriya, ɗen e Tunisiya. Libiya dun leysdi Larabawanko’en kamma edic mobgal kautagal Afirika kamma eɗi ɗe go’o eɗer mobgal lesdi Larabawanko’en e mobgal lesdi julɓe, na hanɗe hairi eɗe ɗe mobgal lesde woilaje yeɓere Afirika ɗun, kamma eɗi ɗer mobgal lesɗe goduɗe nebban fetir ma. lesdi Libya ɗun lesdi mauɗi e inare yajirka lesdi, kamma kadima ko ɓuri ɗuɗugo lesdi ɗin un ɓulbuldi. Kerol-kerol Libya ɗiwaɗi 175,940km eɗi woɗi kerol mangal e wurgo jagorɗo lesdi goto ɓurɗo anɗeki hako woni Muammar Gaddafi. Geɓere Leysdi Libya Leydi Afirik Libiya Hiimobe Madagaskar ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Malawi ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Misra ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Moriis ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Morooku ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Ruwannda ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Sammbiya ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Seysel ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Simmbaabuwe ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Sudaan ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Sudan ɗi go’o eder lesde yeɓere woyla e ta fuuna Afirika edi e kerol e lesde jewenayi. E ta woyla leydi Misira e ta fuuna Eritereya e Etoopiya e ta fuuna Kenya e Ugannda e ta fombina woje fuuna Konngo den taugal Afirik gondun caka (Central Afirika) e ta hirna Caadi ɗen e ta woyla woje hirna Libiya kamma un leydi tokkuɗi diina juldaku. Lesdi/Bolle Leysdi Sudaan e wodi ɗemle koɓuri taimere joyi kamma ɗemgal Larabankore ɗuɗi yimbe wolwoɓeɗe e mare gaɗa Larabankore, Hawsare 99,999,999 Haire ke wolde tataure (3) mare ɗun ɗe e fu yajuki lesdi nuba kamma hayre ke nagaure Haaire ke Wolde Tatour inare ɗunɗe  e fu yajuki lesdi nuba kamma hayre ke nagaure ɗen luttuɗe ɗen kawti e Mahras, Damagla, Zaghawa, Tirgrinya, Fulfulde, Burgo, Tama, Masalit, Nuwair, Shuluk e luttuɗe (etc). Inaje Yilaru Omtukigite Wuro goɗun roti huɗe ɗenno lesdi ɗin Kartum galliwol Darfour kaje jabal mara inare ɓurɗe huɗe ɗenno e Sudaan. Kaje Darfour Galliwol kasala ɗuuɗirka maɓɓe ɗun hausa en jodi wuro daruki kusel ladde e gelle Dindir. Inaje Leysdi Ɗin Sudan e wodi/mari inaje sappoje ɗiɗi e jewe go’o hanje goni: Leddi woylari Darfur Fombinari Darfur Woylajun Darfur Hirnajun Bahar Elgazal Elestuwayya Shakajun Elestuwayya Hirnajun Elustuwayya Funajun Arɗibe Sudaan gaɗa hebtuge hore maari. Natal Leydi Afirik Nassiji Tansaniya ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Tuniisi ko leydi e Afirik. Tunusiya ko kautaɗi Tunusiya lesdi yamori kerol hore muɗun e lardi woilari Afirika. Edi mari mangu ha jaraɗun yajugo kilomita 165,000km ɗi hauti kerol mari e lesdi Libya eta fambi faro funa, ɗen Aljeriya woje hirna e kamma funa foje lardi funa ewoila ɗi hauti kerol mari gon e wurgo meditaraniya hauto limgal yimɓe Tunusiya e limgal dungugu 2016 ɗun yari gimɗo miliyan 11.93 inɗe lesdi ɗi Tunusiya ɗi heɓi tugere far inɗei mauɗe gelle lesdi wato gelletu lasgol. Faro Daɗol Lasgol gol holle wigo fuɗɗano lesdi Tunusiya ɗi heɓoyi fuɗdago ta faro Abzinanko’en lataɓe wuɗuɓe tiggaki inare e hakkilo e seɗɗa-seɗɗa ta hakkuɗe goɗɗe lasde famarɗe e kamma woɓɓe famarɓe banbantirbe lasgi. Burɗun ɗuɗuki maɓɓe yiɓuki gelle famare gamma waɗugo sode sode (lumo) e yilotoɓe wonɓe salotoɓe enon ɗun sareji Abzinanko’en fa i yeso e ɓeidaki saboe woɓɓe yilotoɓe. Latibe salotoɓe e non ɓe gellol Abzinanko’en fari yeso e mauniki (beidaki) sabo e woɓɓe yilotoɓe e koɗa ejodo hade e maɓɓe ha e gaɗaɗan ma sai ɓejodi’e ɗon ta inaje yalɗe de jewetati yari e sappo ɓe koɗun daya lilaɗo jomira wo Annabijo Isa (A.S) ɗun fuɗɗi yiɓuki gelle der lesdi ɗi Tunusiya. Lesdi Tunusiya ɗi hauti jungo e lesde fere-fere bano lesdi rumanko’en yutugo duɓe duɗɗi-duɗɗi koɗun hokkoɗi encimari (Ardugomari). Wargo Juldaku Tunusiya Wakka tire wargo julɗako Tunusiya karni ɗun jeweɗiɗi ɗun. Larabanko’en yami lesdi din e konu hauto e anɗinki dina julɗaku (Islama) e lesdi hautuge e yiɓuki goɗɗe gelle gonɗe ko nodduki e boɗɗun-boɗɗun (kairoun-kairoun) fa gelle ɗen ɗe larabanko’en julɓe e artuɓe ta lesdi Tunusiya lamɓe julɓe e ɗuɓɓe ɓe arɗuke Tunusiya ga-o eta der kollina ɓe arddugal julɓe latigal e arɗigal Tunusiya hangal woni lamorde zirids eta non lesdi Tunusiya fari yeso e joɗaki les gelle juldaku ha e yari wakkati e turanko’en lamu dole ɓe lesdi Faransa ɓe nasti lesdi e yalɗe sappo e ɗiɗi ɗun leuru Jowauru ɗun 1881. Leydi Afirik Ugannda ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Santarafirik ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Sawdafirika ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Sawo Tome ko leydi e Afirik. Leydi Afirik Osterliya ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Niw-Zilannda ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Kiribaati ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Fanuwatu ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Tonnga ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Tuwalu ko leydi e Oseyaaniya. Leydi Oseyaaniya Ndenndaandi Dominikaana’en ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Gerenaada ko leydi e Aameerik. Leydi Aameerik Suriya (Ndenndaandi Aarabe Suriya) ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Yaman ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya Liban ko leydi e Aasiya. Leydi Aasiya George Walker Bush (1946-) 43th President Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (2001-2009). Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Yimɓe Joseph Robinette Biden Jr. (1942-) 46th President Dowlaaji Dentuɗi (2021-). Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Yimɓe Guillermo Alberto Santiago Lasso Mendoza (1955-) 47th President Ekwadoor (2021-). Ekwadoor Yimɓe Chicago ko galluure nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Kendall Nicole Jenner (1995-) Notes et références Références Lien externe IMDB: Kendall Jenner Kendall Jenner.com Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Atiku Abubakar hanko Wonii ballo ardiiɗo Naajeeriya ɓoymaajo nder ardungal Laamu Olusegun Obasanjo gila hitaande 1999 wadduki hitaande 2007. Dañyeeki Maako Atiku Abubakar dañyaama nyalande 25 Jolal 1946 to nguron Jada,nder Diiwal Adamawa, leydi Naajeeriya. Innde baaba maako Garba Abubakar, Pullo yeeyoowo boo demoowo,innde mauujo maako Aisha Kande. Hanko Atiku o tokee maama maako dañuɗo baaba, Abubakar Abdulqadir ƴiwɗo gila Wurno, nder diiwal Sokoto ngartuɗo nguron Kojoli to diiwal Adamaawa. Maama maako dañuɗo inna maako boo innde mum Inuwa Dutse eggoyɗo gila diiwal Jigawa hoɗi to Jada, diiwal Adamaawa. Hanko o ɓiɗɗo bajjo to inna e baaba maako fow, caggal maayde dewerɗiiko debbo. Nder hitaande mangou 1957, baabiiko maayna, nde yollii maayo hakkunde Toungo e gure Jada. Kuugal O waɗi kugal e kostom. Atiku Abubakar o neddo gattutudo hakkillo maako dou siyasaji lesdi Naajeeriya baawo o resi kuugal maako ngal kostom. O rabbitino joodorki njogorde diiwal Adamawa, o hebi njogorde Ardido diiwal Adamawa den bo ko sali o hokka njorde ballowo lesdi Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Adamawa Fulfulde Olusegun Obasanjo Ardido leysdi mo denno Naajeeriya. Tariha maako Siyasaje maako Hiimobe Yimɓe Diiwal Adamawa dou nder lysdii Naajeeriya ta fuuna faaroo nwoilaah lysdii din. Hukuma pamaren e Diiwal Adamawa Diiwal Adamawa ewoodi sappande ɗiɗi e jowe go'on Demsa Fufore Ganye Girei Gombi Guyuk Hong Jada Lamurde Madagali Maiha Mayo-Belwa Michika Mubi North Mubi South Numan Shelleng Song Toungo Yola North (Laamorde Adamawa) Yola South Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Pagamri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Jaabi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gulum jaabe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kurnaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ndayewu huɗowu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ɓowre Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bambuhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kilikaynawa Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Citta boɗeeje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Balli nyiwi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Haako ndiyam Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Jigareehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Onima Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bugulli Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gamari bodeeri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Wicco tenemeje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nyarki Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ganyi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nammaareehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kuri pallaaɗi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Makku rumbu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Feso Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cawkitiningel Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Anzagi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gawrare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Interere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Baadeho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kokobi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Banngo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ngumi daleewi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ganki Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Pidalli Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Marorehe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Sanganaare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Giito gertogalhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Magiraahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gubuwol Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gaadal ceembal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kinaski ciile Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Korle jigaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ganjigagaaji Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gumumi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Uppurwa Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Waalwaalnde Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Maama laalo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Lalo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dengere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Baba huum Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Rima jogoohi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Tamba naange / tsakutsaku Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gerlalhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bummaleehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Agugu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Woƴre Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kayarlaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Konkeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Caski Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Yewa settoje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cidi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dibeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Citta Afo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bakureehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Talakiri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kareehi gori Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nyone sule Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kermowol Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Sufuwel Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ciiɓooli Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Fitaaho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Tukurra Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Uringe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Wicco falandu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Wiccu sondu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ganjanji Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gududal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Buubiho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Karereyo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nyanyare gaduuru Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ayabaaje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Manda mbaala Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Urngol Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kacuke Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Yamoyn ngari Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Paɗe annabiijo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Maaroori ladde Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Maaroori Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Naanaare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Burungu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Layol gora Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kewal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gillaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kogiri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kaaɗe kaɗɗe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Faruhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Yawdeho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Jaralhe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Lapsur Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Rubbundehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Tursuuhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bummere baaɗi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gerohi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Katambaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Selekiya Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Follere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nyiiwahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Fetinari Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Yemuwel debbo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Geene caɓɓal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cambawal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Jimfihu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ndiyamhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ɓoore Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dale baali Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ɗadeppure Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kubaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Iware Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Silabo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Geene saabeere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dakumbehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Boɗeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Pagguri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Taagol Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gingillal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Koko Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cargaari / cergeeri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Faɗo waanduuhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Budo mboju Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ride bara Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gurumbal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Agwaje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Borooje Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ndottiyel Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ibbi gorki Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ceekeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dundeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bijaahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Rima becehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gelobahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Alkamaari Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Mijingooro Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Diingaali debbi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Gerorohe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Saɓeri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nawarre baaɗi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nareehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Caran labbi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Wuuluunde Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bakambi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Fura pucci Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dibinoohi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Barkeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Citta mosooro Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Pettoohi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Aalali danci Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Leggal jawli Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Boodi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cawayki Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Burugashi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Fugore Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nyanaare gaduuru Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kawlewol Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Siwaakeehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Tidingiho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dupuhi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Aalali Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Camal Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ubulo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Noomeeri Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Noomeeri baroɗe Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bishebadi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kosabere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Shabalaho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Bei rihi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Yaaloore Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cimcim Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Huytaare bagarmi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Huytaare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Dakwumbehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Fayrare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Caɓɓulli Makka Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Huɗo mbujo Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Sabadijenyiwa Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Nguraare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Asurahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Duɓɓi waandu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Aslahi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Birji ndiyam Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Cakuncaku Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Isirko Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Ngalbiihi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kimbaare Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Kapappi daneehi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Toloore Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Eedi Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Damaliiliiho Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Saɓɓulere Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Aguugu Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Mbelametta Ciife e duttorɗe Wuumre Rahama Sadau be ɗanyii mou yende 7 December hitaande 1993), dum danyiimo e Diiwal Kaduna, o kastado haa Kannywood ɓe Bollywood e Naajeeriya, o latakebo odon taskido yorde (bedi) fijirde gembitali, Raham Sadau waɗi Fijirde Subteki gami wakkati obiddo debbo bo odon janga,dembo owadi inde ragare 2013 bawo onasti harka fijirde gembitali e kannywood be fijirde mako arandere(KOHEBI GODDO),Rahama don der goto nantebe haa fijirde kannywood, o nantedo der gamdi be gembitali. Sikan Yanki Rahama bauni der Kaduna. Jangirde Sadau jangi jangirde filu inno adamant,haa jangirde filu de shede de jamia Baharu Rum wailankere Cyprusa. Kugal fim Rahama wurti der fimji Najeriya duddum der Hausa be turanci,bo odon deryimbe wadeki fijirde Gembitali Nijeria debe wolwata be wolde hindi masin.hanko yami dokkal der hastabe(kannywood)der dokkal City People Entertainment Awards a 2014 da 2015.no ohebi dokkal burdugal wooduki haader fijirde fimji der lesde African haader biki hookugo lambaji yettore haader lesde Africa 19 haader hitade 2015 haa atal sautu oAfrica.E hitade 2017, olatake onentedo haader rowbe nantebe 10 haader fijirde gembitali e Najeriyata.Haa der kudemako fat,Sadau latake haader fijirde gembitali duddi,odon wurto haader fijirde gembitali yerde fimji.der hitade 2020 mubgal taskitago fijirde gembital de kannywood beyidino be darna Rahama der fijirde gembitali sanadu soyde famfam tirago debe hebi gam wangingo hote fere de dum hanayi wangine haa der shafi mako de Instagram. Kyaututtuka Kyaututtukan da Rahama Sadau ta karba. Fim dunmo wurtoyi Footoo Darudo Kannywood Hafsat Idris Hadiza Aliyu Gabon Fati Washa Fillago Hiimobe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Hawsare The Carpenters ko banda nder Dowlaaji Dentuɗi. Ticket to Ride (1969) Close to You (1970) Carpenters (1971) A Song for You (1972) Now & Then (1973) Horizon (1975) A Kind of Hush (1976) Passage (1977) Christmas Portrait (1978) Made in America (1981) Voice of the Heart (1983) An Old-Fashioned Christmas (1984) Lovelines (1989) As Time Goes By (2004) Dowlaaji Dentuɗi Firiton (enngele: Freetown) - laamorde (kapital) leydi Sarliyon. Afirik Amadou Hampâté Bâ maa e mbinndiin fulfulde Aamadu Hampaate Baa (* 1900/1901 to Bañagara maa e mbinndiin faransaare Bandiagara, Mali; † 15 lewru maayuhu/duujal 1991 to Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) laatino winndiyanke jeyaaɗo leydi Mali, o golliduno e fedde UNESCO hakkunde 1960 e 1970. Ko gorko donɗo hakkilantaagal, wiɗtiyaŋke, winndiyaŋke. Ko e hitaande 1971, Aamadu Hampaate fellitani golle mum e jokkude e njilluuji makko e nder aduna. Wonnoo golle mum ɓurɗe teeŋtude ko ɗe o waɗdunoo e fedde wi’eteende Yuneskoo e wonde makko tergal e winndiyaŋkooɓe huuɓtindinɓe, ngam waylooji ɓennuɗi e nder Afrik. Goomu golloowo mbo o tawtertenoo golle mum no haaniri ni, kaŋko e sehel makko Buubu Hamma, foɗde duuɓi sappo e joyi haa nde ñawu liɓi mo no feewi, o tampataa fof dey, omo winnda kadi binndanɗe makko ina njogii njuɓɓudi wolla njeñcudi. Fuɗɗude binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe e njeenaaje e sowde gannde e tiitooɗe keewɗe wonande kitaale sakket e nguurndam Aamadu Hampaate Baa gasirɗe e hoddirooji Alla, Aamadu Hampaate Baa fadaani haa e gasirɗe nguurndam makko, ngam wiɗtude e winndude. O fuɗɗii ko gila omo yahree e duuɓi capanɗe tati, o fuɗɗii yaltinde binndanɗe. Omo renndina hakkille makko e geɗe finaa tawaa, ko wayno tinndi e cifti gila ko o suka, gila ndeen o heɓii njogitaari kaanndi e junngo makko, ngam siftinde e fillanaade leñol makko pulol e rokkirde nguurndam njaajɗam e tawaangal neesu Fulɓe Afrik e nder jeereende. Ko ina ɓura duuɓi capanɗe nayi, binndanɗe makko e kelanɗe mum fof haɗtaa ina janngee, omo adda tinndi e cifti e waylooji gondaaɗi e ko ɓuri heewde heen ko kaŋko wiɗtani hoore mum, janngini hoore mum, omo joginoo ñeeñal e yiɗde humpitaade e wiɗtude yoga e geɗe e aadaaji leñol mum, omo yuɓɓinatnoo jime jeewte e nder rajooji e ayawooji habrirde (telewisiyoŋ) yeewtude e binndanɗe makko ɗee. Aamadu Hampaate Baa haŋkadi wonii neɗɗo ganndaaɗo, kadi o noddaama e dente keewɗe. Eɗen mbaawi wi’de ko o waliw kaawniiɗo cuɓaaɗo e nder renndo Afrik. E nder ɗee ɗoon geɗe renndo teddini mo e kaan ngonka darnde makko teeŋtinaa, yonta oo rokki mo foɗde, ɓe mbaɗi mo neɗɗo coftuɗo koolaaɗo ɓe ɓeydani mo balle teeŋtuɗe (ganndo). Mbaadi ndi o teeŋtinaani e nokke goɗɗe, e ko adii fof eɓe njoginoo foɗde waawde rokkude mo ɓenninde nelal wolla miijo e fannu e nder ngal ɗoon geɗal moƴƴal e keɗki e nder daartol kala no waawi siforaade e humpito, so ko binndol wolla haala e kala tonngoode e binndanɗe ɗe Aamadu Hampaate Baa yiɗi. Ko ndeen kadi o suɓii ngam hollirde ngonka Afrik, teeŋti noon e Fulɓe e jokkondirde aadaaji e pine e diinaaji lolluɗi, ko wayno Keretiyen e Islaam. Golle ngootaagu baɗɗe gila e kitaale 1971 njotondiri e njuɓɓudi kam e peewal binndanɗe, hono mum ina luggiɗnoo e neesu makko e pinal makko e nder ngonkaaji baylotooɗi. E hitaande 1970, Hampaate Baa jaɓi jokkondiral mum e porofoseer Dewis to suudu saaktirdu kabaruuji Farayse huuɓtindinndu. E hitaande 1971 to Niseer, o tawtoraa wondude e Renee subeer e yuɓɓinde mago (filmu) ko faati e pulaagu to ɓe ngoni kala e njuɓɓudi luggiri e nder tawaangal maɓɓe luggal. E nder ndeen hitaande wootere o tawtoraama to Pari heblo e nokku keeriiɗo jannginoowo ko faati e geɗe aadee yuɓɓinnoo ngoon heblo ko gorko bi’eteeɗo Jermani Deterlin, ngonka aadee e nder Afrik ɓaleejo. O fuɗɗorii wiɗto ngoo ko yuɓɓo wanngiriin, kadi o yuɓɓinii jaŋde e ko faati e Fulɓe jaawanɓe e oon laamɗo bi’etenooɗo Kuuku Monson e nder duɗal Donaaɗi Ñaamey. E hitaande rewnde heen ndee, o tawtawtondiri binndanɗe e waɗde geɗe goɗɗe kam e defte e ko faati e ngonka e nguurndam Afriknaajo kam e diinaaji maɓɓe. Hono noon o ɓamtiri foɗde e neesu Afrik to Pari. To Kodduwaar jaaynde aadiyaŋkeere enɗam yaltinii winndannde e ɓeen tawtoranooɓe jonnde waɗnde Bamako. “Mbele Alla ina yiɗi keefeero?” E hitaande 1973, caggal lebbi keewɗi e golle kiisɗe, o yaltinii tiitooɗe keewɗe ina tawee heen, ɗatngal ko hoddiro Alla, nguurndam wanngiriin, caggal mum deftere ndee yalti, Aamadu Hampaate Baa timmini aadi mum. Hono ndiin mbaylaandi e kaliifaandi Afrik e njiimaandi mum, haa hare huuɓtindinnde woni geer moñnjiyaal, ndeen deftere ina sifanoo en ngonka tiiɗka e oon yonta e kalifaandi caɗtundi e aadaaji haa yottii njiimaandi tuubakiri e waylude aadaaji haa yottii hoddiro ñiiɓngo e ngootaagu. Ɗatngal gooŋɗundal kaanngal nguurndam wanngiriin waɗtaa e juuɗe gooto haa wontoyi poolgu taccinngu oon harbiyaŋke kaɓtotonooɗo njiimaandi woɗeeɓe. Haa e ñalawma nde o welsindii deentinooje wileeɓe yomnotonooɓe waasde saakuuji ɓaleeji baɗɗi ceede, sabu ko yi’etenoo e ceede ɗee koo heddotaako e hakkille mum, haa ɗe ngontani mo Alla tokosel, ɗeen battane ngarti e makko, ɗuum waɗi haa o gasni, kadi ɗum siftini mo ko ɓenni ko haani wolla ko foti waɗeede e daartol ɓennungol, terɗe fedde Fulɓe ndee no joɗɗiniraa nii, ɓeen toppitii tan ko pinal wonnoo mawɗo maɓɓe ko Alfaa Ibiraahiima Sow, yiɗɓe no leñol Fulɓe ardi e daartol mum ɓee, ɓe njaarnaa e hitaande 1975, sabu ɓe njaltinii leppi ɗiɗi, tolno 4 e tolno 5 tawi ko wiɗtooji yimɓe heewɓe ndenndinaa mooftaa e suudu deftirdu Afrik ɓaleejo. Fedde wootere janngooɓe Farayse ɓeen e suudu saaktirdu kabaruuji Farayse ngondi. Ngoo ɗoon wiɗto teeŋtiniranoo tonngoode yaltinnde nguurndam makko e ngonka makko waɗi ɗum ko bi’eteeɗo Jak Sewiriyee kuuɓnuɗo kabaruuji e ngonkaaji ɓaleeɓe e nder Afrik. Huuɓtindinde hare ngam ndeenka neɗɗaagal e nanalla. Nder lefol gadanol e jokkondiral makko e bi’eteeɗo Gulud Moteraa, Hampaate haalii e cukaagu makko, o ñeemtini tawaangal mum e nanalla. E nder lefol ɗimmol ngol Meris Konndee naamnii mo e deftere makko wi’eteende Koɗaagu Hoddiro Wanngiriin. E nder hitaande 1976 wiɗto reggondirngo binndanɗe kese Afriknaaje, yaltini ñemmbo Fulɓe e ngonka mum’en e nder cifti Bojel Tokosel, Iisaa yi’i juulɗo gooto, ɗuum winndanoo ko e dental baɗanoongal Ñaamee e yeeso terɗe jokkondirɗe e Islaam. Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina woƴanoo ɗee terɗe daañaa e nder haalaaji caggal juulɓe, hollirde ko juulɓe tan ngoodi, anndude Iisaa, hono ɓiɗɗo Alla e hono ɗeen geɗe ko Keretiyeen en. Bojel Tokosel ina simtana en daartol wojere tokosere wonnoonde e faggaade hooraagu, caggal wontoyde ɗum neɗɗo, kono ko kiiɗal e podooje e belaaɗe makko mawɗe. Ɗeen binndanɗe ɗiɗi mba’noo e makko kono neldal fa’de e fedde wi’eteende Uneskoo wonande Afrik, ɗee kuule wolla heɗto omo rokka heen sifto heeriingo wonande mecce, hollitde heen yuɓɓo timmungo e binndanɗe tiiɗɗe teeŋtuɗe e Hampaate Baa. Hono noon, haŋkadi defte Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina mbayloo e baŋŋeeji goɗɗi ina ciimta daartol Fulɓe. Ɗe ngoni keblorɗe jaŋde e finaa tawaa mum’en. Hono noon kadi hono Kuumeen e Kaydara, Fooyre Hoodere Mawnde wolla Bojel Tokosel, ko ina artira tawaangal Fulɓe e diina Islaam, ɗeen keɓe ngonani ko fannu keeriiɗo e wiɗtooji e daarti keeriiɗi, ngam fillo Fulɓe moftanaaɗi neɗɗaŋke, sabu waawde miijcaade e majji, ɗi naatondirii e gannde annduɓe jogiiɓe humpito luggo ko faati e nguurndam, ɗi njibinii geɗe keewɗe e aduna. Fannu goɗɗo, Hampaate Baa ina yaltinana en binndanɗe kollirooje diinaaji, hono noon diinaaji ɗii ɓamtii e jokkondire wondude e tawaangal diinaaji tawaaɗi e Afrik kañum e jiiɓduuji ɗi kaanaani. Heen sahaaji baɗaate ɗe kaanaani ina mbaɗee hakkunde jotondire diina tawaaɗo e nder Islaam, e yonta Fulɓe tawaaɓe e nder Maasina. Daartol dowlungol cabobinngol ɓamtaare leñol Fulɓe hono Islaam e ɗowngo oon gorko cujjuɗo juulɗuɗo, hono Seeku Aamadu jaltirnooɗo no jaambaar puɗɗuɗo hare jihaaɗi, hono noon ko Islaam wonnoo tiitoonde. Koɗaangu Hoddiro Wanngiriin sabobini luural laamanteeri Oropnaaɓe e jokkondiral e Keretiyeen en wondude e pine Afrik e nder Islaam. Nji’ki e janngingol ceerno Bookaar yaltini werto, holloyngo miijo luggo woɗɗungo, waɗde jikke wolla fittaandu e Alla e yiɗde gondiiɗo mum e yurmaade mo. Iisaa yi’ii juulɗo gooto kollitɗo saɗeende mum, kaaldigal hakkunde diinaaji e sellinde ndeenka yi’annde Hampaate Baa. Binnduɗo oo hollii wonde luural wolla ceeral mawngal alaa hakkunde diinaaji ɗii, noon kadi woodi tan ko Alla gooto. E ñoƴƴude yi’annde wolla kumpital geɗe keewɗe ɗe Aamadu Hampaate Baa, kadi goɗɗum ina haani ko diinaaji fof kollirta ji’anɗe mum’en e foɗdeeji e nder geɗe gadane limtaaɗe ɗee. Daawal tataɓal e binndanɗe yi’annde makko, o winndii binndanɗe pawondirɗe haa wa’i no deftere keewal e pamɗal defte. Amkullel to o yalti e to o tawetenoo e jokkondire ɗe o waddanoo. Ɗii duuɓi jeegom ndillinii no haaniri binndanɗe makko teskaaɗe ɗe Aamadu Hampaate Baa e fuɗɗude wiɗtude binndanɗe kollitii tiiɗallaaji teeŋtuɗi. Won baŋŋe e geɗe jokkondire e nder dente jaltinɗe teskuya kaanɗo, sahaa nde wiɗto Hampaate Baa «Woppude wolla dartinde?» Eto baŋŋe jaltingol binndanɗe juɓɓuɗe tawa kadi ko kaanɗe, gollande ɗemngal kaanngal e waɗtorde heen ko ɓuri haande hono noon haa joofi. Nder keɓe binndanɗe makko fof kaani tan ko ñaawde ngonka binndanɗe ɗee, aadaaji e diinaaji. Hampaate Baa ina rewindanoo en aduna wolla weeyo haawniingo, o jaɓaani jiiɓduuji gondaaɗi, ɗi kaanaani ngam wonde gorko harbiyaŋke. E nder lebbi dewɗi heen ɗii, caggal tawtoreede dental dow. «Daartol e tawaangal fillo Afriknaajo.» To Ñaamee Hampaate Baa yahii Abija ɗo o jaɓi jokkondiral juutngal ɓamtinoongal ko bi’eteeɗo Been Sumaworoo e Duudu Gey to Ayaawo habrirde Iwariyeen. Omo haala daartol makko ɓennungol e cukaagu makko, duuɓi cappanɗe, daartol R D A peeñal goomu Mali. Seedanfaagu hollitngu neɗɗaagal e foɗde wolla geɗal haa ñande mbaawten anndude Hampaate Baa. Jokkondire makko e oon yonta yaajnaama no feewi. Ngal ɗoon jokkondiral ngal ɓamtorii kadi ko e jokkondiral makko e jaaynde Iwuwaar wi’eteende Enɗam Subaka. Caggal ndee ɗoon yeewtere, o yahi Mali e nder balɗe ɗe o waɗi toon ɗee, o heblii waɗde fedde heeriinde ngam reende finaa tawaa Afriknaajo ɗo Sewaare. Ngam seerndude geɗe hono kopporeeje, ngoon eɓɓo ngo meeɗaa yi’de ñalngu. Teskuya teeŋtuɗo heɓaa ko e hitaande1977, heddanii Aamadu Hampaate Baa ko mooɓondiral mawngal ngal 21 Suweŋ ɗo Hamdallaay, ɗo ujunnaaje sappo neɗɗo (10,000) njanngatnoo Ɓur’aana eɓe ñaagoroo yaafuya mawɗo e tawtoreede hooreejo leydi Mali ina wi’ee Muusaa Tarawore, mbo heen sahaaji Hampaate wonnoo kaaldiiɗo wolla mbi’en cirlidiijo. Ngal ɗoon dental yuɓɓinoongal ko Aamadu. Wonnoo wi’aa ko Mali woni sabaabu waasde kawral e nanondiral garnongal hakkunde leƴƴi Fulɓe ɓaleeɓe e kuntanaaɓe e saanga ndaartugol Alhajji Umaar Taal. Hampaate Baa felliti yaafnaade mawɓe dental ngal, so ina haani. Foɗde hitaande wootere, o waɗi njilluuji keewɗi e Mali, ngam yi’dude e hoohooɓe galleeji Siiseenaaɓe, Taalɓe e Kuntanaaɓe, ɓeen rokkuɓe ɗum ɗaɓɓaande makko, ngam waɗde dental, foɗde duuɓi keewɗi waɗii nokke ɗo dente e mooɓondiral woni aniwerseer hono Hampaate Baa yahi haa haaytoyi yahde Makka, ngam añde tampere mawnde. Laawol gootol ɓeydii e oon ɗoon fannu mbo o waɗnoo, Aamadu Hampaate Baa yontii wonde mo neɗɗo jokkoowo enɗam wolla denndinoowo luure. Wonde mo gorko diisnondirteeɗo, kaaldeteeɗo e hollirde, wolla hollitde waasde faamondirde e kaaldigal e nder finaa tawaa e nder diinaaji. E nder kitaale dewɗe heen ɗee, o yaltini geɗe wolla defte jokkondiral dentinngal to Pari, to Abija wolla nokke goɗɗe rewde oon fannu fa’de e yi’annde Aamadu Hampaate Baa. Caggal nde o gasni waɗde ɗeen geɗe e dow “Cagataagal gorko Pullo hono no finaa tawaa Pullo.» Wonde dental jaŋde Fulɓe ina tiiɗi e mum fa’de e oon porofoseer bi’etenooɗo Piyeer Faransis Lakkuruma, o jaɓi jokkondirde e Ibiraahiima Baaba Kaake, ngam waɗde yeewtere ngaandi e hettere leydi heeriinde, dow Ayaawo habrirde Pari huuɓtindinngo, (woni Rajo Farayse Enternasonaal) kadi o yaltini wiɗto heso hono deftere kaydara ɓamtude kadi wiɗto makko ngoɗngol e wonde winndiyaŋke. Caggal ngoon wiɗto fa’de e hitaande 1968 Hampaate Baa yuɓɓini wiɗto heso, eɓɓo ngoo jaɓiraango caggal gah wa’de no winndiyaŋkooɓe Afrik, o welsindaaki ndimaagu mum e finaa tawaa mum, kaanduɗo e winndiyaŋke goɗɗo, dañde winndannde ngoon wiɗto alaano winndannde, kono ko daartol gooɗngol ɓamtude, daawe kaanɗe baɗaaɗe kollirooje ko haani heddaade no haaniri tawa mbaylotaako so tawii ko e nder daartol, omo waawi suɓtaade mbaadi mbelndi ɗum, hono no woniri nanalla wolla e haala, yimde wolla winndude ko e ngoon tolno tawetee gollal fuɗɗude Hampaate Baa e tawaangal arde waɗde mago haa woni neɗɗaŋke daartoowo wolla wonde winndiyaŋke. Omo renndina, omo ɓamtoo, omo faccira kono o rokkataa binndanɗe newiiɗe waylitde e binndi. Noon ne kadi, omo yuɓɓintina wolla omo faggoo rewde e geɗe nanalla fa’de e pinal winndude, ngam yaltinoyde ɗum janngo e feññinde binndi hakkunde ko nanaa e ko woodaa. Haŋkadi facciro wonani mo fannu keeriiɗo e neɗɗaŋke, ko wonaa njooɗndam e sara so janngaama heɗtaama ɗee jime goonga e eewnaango ɗanngal fa’de to leyɗe kaawniiɗe Kaydara. Tinndi tinndinɗi tinndanaaɗi..... wonoyat ko gooŋɗi? Hono ndamkoñ pijoowoñ e lewlewal lewru. Jamma tinndi am ko daartol belngol, so jammaaji dabbunde njottiima e njuuteendi majji e waktu leelɗo ɗoon ɗo belaaɗe ngaccitaa, cifti am ko tinndi belɗi heɗtaade, wonande moomooɓe bokkule e njaaɓdi ɗaatndi, ko daartol gooŋɗungol gudditoowol hakkillaaji. Hono noon ngonmi neɗɗo ittuɗo, nafɗo, nafoowo, yirlaade e ruttitaade nder ngol ciimtol fa’de to Farayse Kaydara Hampaate Baa rokkii janngooɓe winndannde yuumtunde jogiinde njuɓɓudi kelmeendi alɗunde natal e dillere jime Afrik. E hitaande 1979 Hampaate Baa suɓaa tergal e goomu yimɓe jannguɓe to Pari e saanga nde o yalti e Ayaawo habrirde Farayse wi’eteengo TF1, Natal dilloowal juɓɓinaangal to jaagorgal kuuɓtindinngal yaltinde nate dillooje, bi’eteeɗo Ludekwic Segaar e dow nate saharaa kaaɓniiɗe ɗo wi’etee Tesaalit, o yaltini ɗoon nate kaalooje tawi ko daande Aamadu Hampaate nanetee heen ɗoon e nder jamaanu jooɗɗo mbo Fulɓe Afrik e tawaangal ɗum meeɗaa bettude. Omo wuuri no haaniri e mbaawka Joomiraaɗo. O ɓooyii e yonta makko. En tawii heen annamma Fulɓe e batte maɓɓe ko ina tolnoo e kitaale ujunnaaje jeeɗiɗi (7,000). “Njiɗ mi wi’de ndee ɗoo waasde anndondirde ɓuri weeɓde wonande makko. O meeɗaa betteede, o meeɗaa yooɗeede, sabu o wuuri ko e mbaadi njooɗndam.” Nder njuuteendi ayaawooji dillooji gonduɗi e semmbe e mbaadi nate. Hampaate, o wonti ciimtoowo kaaloowo haala Fulɓe e nder daartol maɓɓe, dasi leydi ko wayno caanaaba e fillaade daartol Kuumeen. Nder ɗee nate, ko finaa tawaa Fulɓe Afrik yi’etee e daartol ayaawo. Hono noon ko sawta daande Aamadu Hampaate goɗɗo ina ɓamtoo. Nder njuuteendi ɗee kitaale Aamadu Hampaate Baa fecci ngonka mum e nokke teeŋti noon e Pari e Abija. To Pari noon sahaa fof omo tawdee e ELEEN HEKMAAN oon mbo nganndu ɗaa ɓe ngollidii ɓe mbinndii ko heewi. Omo toppitinoo baŋŋe e galle maɓɓe, sukaaɓe haa e taaniraaɓe wonnooɓe to Pari ngam jokkude jaŋɗeele maɓɓe. Omo ƴeewtooɓe e hakkillantaagal e deeyre, ɗeen golle sabu naamnal alaa fijirde alanaaɓe e waasde waɗde hay dara. Hampaate Baa ko jinnaaɗo deentiiɗo kadi moƴƴo jeewtidiiɗo kono ko kiranoowo jaŋde. To baŋŋe sukaaɓe too omo tinndanaɓe tinndi e daarti juɓɓuɗi to ɓurɓe mawnude too omo tinndanaɓe no nguurndam aduna haɓtortee e fannuuji kala e gollude. Omo teskoo wa’i gooto e maɓɓe kala ngam ñaawde e anndude yiɗde moni e maɓɓe kala, hol e maɓɓe jogorɗo rontude jikku makko gartoowo mo, jikkaade jikku makko e reende ganndal ngal o jogiingal. To Abija baaba ina ɓeyda lugginde ganndal makko to duɗe dowrowe. Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina janngina toon ko faati e geɗe Fulɓe e finaa tawaa maɓɓe e dow ceerno Bookaar e dow Islaam e fedde tokosere janngooɓe e ɓe potaani duuɓi. Yoga e maɓɓe ummotoo ko to woɗɗi no feewi, won e sahaaji ko Bamako ngam heɓoyde jannginoowo, ko gollal makko to markori e nder leegal galɗungal piindi no Orop e dillere huuɓtindinnde, ɗo hoɗi omo waawi waɗde ɗoon ngamri. Nokku oo woni ko e nder dingiral jaajngal to o jaɓɓotoo arooɓe njillu e yimɓe galle maɓɓe. Heewɓe heen ngarata ko yi’de Aamadu Hampaate Baa, kadi ngam reende e jokkude enɗam galle oo, galle oo noon feccii ko pecce ɗiɗi. Ina woodi nokku jaɓɓorde hoɗɓe, oon woni ko e huɓeere adande galle oo, nokke keddiiɗe ɗee ko yimɓe galle oo ngaccanaa ɗe. Hono no suudu wooturu kadi ɗoon ko ɗo ñaametee so hoɗɓe ndañaama, e nder huɓeere mawnde woni (batimaa) ɗoon ko yimɓe tedduɓe accanaa. Foɗde yimɓe sappo ina tawtoree ndeen jaŋde waɗeteende subaka iwde 9h30 yahde 10h30. Caggal midi, woni caggal naange e hoore waɗeteeno batuuji haaldude ko faati e ngoƴaaji aduna. Keeweendi ina wona njoyo haa njeegom janngoowo toppitiiɓe no haaniri nih, teeŋti noon e Malinaaɓe e ɗanniyaŋkooɓe ɓennooɓe. Seerenɓe Ɓur’aana arooɓe ina ngaddori binndanɗe ngam hoybinde ɗe e haala. Won e sahaaji yiɗɓe Aamadu Hampaate kawritatnoo ko e oon waktu, ɓe njokkondira e jooɗnde. Hampaate Baa ina joginoo fannu keeriiɗo no o jaɓɓortoo janngooɓe hesɓe. Nde Bernaar Salweŋ golliratnoo Faraysee mbo o janngiratnoo Pulaar, ari ñalawma gooto to makko o naamnii ɗum mbela ina waawi tawtoreede jaŋde makko ndee. Hampaate Baa holliti mo e wi’de ooɗoo sahaa, “Ndokkat mi ko binndanɗe ɗe mbinndu mi. Winndannde ndee nani. On nji’ janngooɓe am. Ko ɓe njeeɗiɗo wolla njeetato. Mi alaa keewal timmungal binndanɗe. Oɗon kaani waɗde ɗum nando (fotokoppi).” Winndannde ndee ina tolnoyoo e teemedde kelle binndaaɗe. Ko ɗum yimre, naatondirnde e Ɓur’aana ina nanndi e haatumeere, kono ko e fannu juurnitaaɗo ina winndaa e Pulaar. Bernaar Salweŋ tawi ndee ɗoo ɗaɓɓaande ina ɗeɓi haawnaade kono o waɗi nde, o winnditii winndannde ndee e nandooji keewɗi haa wonoyi foɗde nandooji teemedde jeeɗiɗi (700). Caggal mum balɗe seeɗa, o addani Hampaate Baa nanndooji ɗii (woni foto koppi). Oon yetti ɗum kadi wi’ maa janngooɓe am mbelto heen, Hampaate Baa wi’ɗum ɗoo ko galle am aɗa waawi arde yantude e janngooɓe am subaka. Salwiŋ faami geɗal halfinaangal wa’i kono kawgel ni, ƴeewndaade e ñaawde wa’i mum. E ɗeen binndanɗe jaŋde, Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina jannga faccira binndanɗe ɗee e puɗɗagol Islaam e daartol mum. Ɗee ɗoo binndanɗe ko jime ɗe Hampaate Baa e hoore mum ƴeewtinoo. O wonii tigi yimiyaŋke mawɗo, binnduɗo binndanɗe ujunnaaje ujunnaaje e ɗemngal Pulaar. Tee kala fannu wolla deftere wolla yimre maa daartol, yuɓɓude e sañaade binndi e fannu jime ko laawol newnanoowol en haalde e yuɓɓinde ko ɓenni e finaa tawaa Afrik, ko goonga ko jime ɗe o heɓindii e facciro e weeyo tawaango. Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina jokki jannginde haa nde ñawu nguu liɓi mo no feewi e hitaande 1982. Caggal mum o tampi no feewi, o waawaano haŋkadi rokkirde binndaɗe jaŋde e ɓeen hatojinɓe heen. Waktu joyaɓo caggal juulal kikiiɗeeji ɗii ngaccanaa ko yimɓe woɗɓe e haanɓe toppiteede, kadi kala neɗɗo jiɗnooɗo tawtoreede batuuji maɓɓe ɗii. Hampaate Baa caggal nde o salmini yimɓe ɓee, o woni e haalde Faraysee omo siimta e ayaawo habrirde geɗe diina ɗe o dañnoo e junngo ceerno Bookaar e pille jokkondire e njiimaandi tuubakiri. E jikku makko jooɗɗo ina taarii ɗum keewal, eɓe njeeɓa ɗelñal keewngal pinal. Jamma eɓe jooɗodii ñaamde ina wondi e sehelaaɓe heewɓe, seeɗa e janngooɓe wayruɓe ɗum yontude e yimɓe galle oo, ko ɓuri heewde e heen waktuuji o noddata ko worɓe, heen sahaaji rewɓe ɓaleeɓe, joom suudu makko dikko ina tawtortenoo hono ɗeen kiraaɗe. Nder galle Aamadu Hampaate Baa nokke ɗiɗi ina njaggi dingiral teeŋtungal e makko. Ko nokku deftirdu jogiindu ngalu mawɗo, mooftundu kala ko o winndunoo, Seeɗa e ko arata toon yimɓe ko jannguɓe. Oon nokku woni ko baŋŋe e galle he, ɗo ngannduɗaa heewaani koyɗe, kadi Hampaate Baa ina hirana nokku oo, ina hollira ɗum sahaa kala, ko yimɓe wiɗtiyaŋkooɓe tan mbaawatnoo yottaade deftirdu nduu e janngude defte ɗee, wolla hono no baaɗiraagel mum Bintu Sanaŋkuwa kuutoratnoo binndanɗe e daartol e finaa tawaa Fulɓe ngam winndude deftere e dow Fulɓe Maasina. Baŋŋe goɗɗo oo ko mawɗo mahaaɗo mahngo newiingo ina waɗaa heen karooje e daage ɗoon ko nokku jaɓɓorde hoɗɓe Arooɓe, ko ɗoon Hampaate Baa winndata binndanɗe mum jannginirɗe ko e fannu Arab sabu yoga e janngooɓe ko Malinaaɓe, hakke ujunnaaje ceerno mbaawaa janngude ɗemngal Lateen, binndi maggal ina ceerti e binndi goowaaɗi. Hampaate Baa huutortoo ɗi, ɗiin ko to Bamako o heblatnoo ɗi, ko ngam weeɓtinde e ɗemɗe ɗee kala, hono no peeral hoodere mawnde. Ben ritiwel e ngam gollaade mbaylaandi Orop. Heen sahaaji o winnda e Arab hay so wonaa janngoowo Arab luggo. No o tawtortenoo jaŋde e duɗe Farayse, o waɗaani jaŋde duɗal Ɓur’aana no haaniri nih, tawa kadi o waawaa janngude Arab haa regoo, o hijjat tan. Hono noon e hitaande 1960, ndeen omo tawee Abija, o waɗiino eewnaango e almaami Yatara, ceernaajo mawɗo kumpiiɗo Ɓur’aana jeyaaɗo to Maasina nuunɗuɗo ganndo e nder jannguɓe Ɓur’aana kono o meeɗaa janngude Farayse. E oon sahaa, Hampaate Baa ina soklunoo mo ngam janngande ɗum yoga e defte binndaaɗe e Arab ɗe o yiɗnoo firde e Pulaar. Yatara ari to makko to Abija ɓe ngondi foɗde duuɓi ɗiɗi. E hitaande 1980, Hampaate Baa hawri to Abija e miñiraaɗo Faransiskeŋ Jan Sewenoole o yanti e goomu adanngu jokkondiral e Islaam. O winndi caggal mum seeɗa, binndanɗe Jan sewenoole wondude e rewindo golle hakkunde Sen Faraysuwa mbo Asi e Islaam e gooŋɗinde Alla ko gooto. Faraysuwa Asi yamiroore mum e Islaam, ko ɗum keɓaangal kesal wonande Aamadu Hampaate Baa e naatde e kaaldigal hakkunde diinaaji. Wonande pinal hakkille mum, o teeŋtini tawtawtondirde e Ɓur’aana jurmotooɗo neɗɗaagal jaajngal caringal e Mali, nder ko o yi’ e ko o salanii haa lutti laatii. Omo hollira goɗɗum ñande kala e reentaade geɗe Wahaabiyaŋkooje ɗe o hulnoo waasde ɗe jogaade njurum hay so hono ɗe ina keewi kawrital mum wonataa. E hitaande 1980, tolno adanngo nanaango e daartol kuuɓtidinngol Afrik feeñi, suɓtaa wonande Uneskoo e sukaaɓe Afrik. Ndee tonngoode woni tonngoode faayodinnde e ko Aamadu Hampaate Baa tonngi ko ɗum facciro wuurngo. Nder ɗum ɗoon ina hollira nguurndam ɗaɗol kaaleteengol, doole tagoodi diinaaji jiiɓotirɗi e geɗe keewɗe ceertuɗe e tawaangal. Wammbaaɓe ronɓe jiiɓru Islaam. Binnduɗo oo gasniri winndannde mum ko e dow daartol cañiingol hono no tawaangal moftungal e ngaandi e nder leyɗeele ɗe ngalaa njanngiin binndi, wootere e ngaandiyaŋkooje Afrik heɓɓitaa ko e dillannde wolla nde jaggitaa e kuuɓal, hono ɗeen nate dillooje, “Leñol Maasina, wonaa miijcaade kono ko siftinde hooreejo leydi dillannde ɓennunde, hono no tawtoranooɓe nde kedditii e heɗtaade.” Ndee hitaande 1980 yi’ee e peeñɗi yi’tindaa saataa ndee winndannde e janngingol Ceerno Bookaar. Winndannde deftere ndee heddii ni wa’noo. Diina ko ganndal cakka ngal les tolnooji kala ko yi’aa e ko woni e mbirniindi. Ngoo facciro waɗiraa ko sabaabu haɓɓaade e tinnaare Aamadu Hampaate Baa e ceerno makko. Hampaate Baa ina hollita en e fannu goɗɗo e nder ɓulngo makko winndannde yuɓɓunde dow werto leydi Mali ko jotindiri taro e werto Atalaas Mali. Yaltidi e winndannde Soon Afrik omo yuɓɓina taro e leyɗe gadiiɗe. No wi’raa nii gannde gadiiɗe e werto leydi ko noon e fannu maɓɓe. Ko ɗuum woni werto wooto udditiingo wolla werto noddirteengo murlo, nokke e tagooje guurɗe ina keɓondiratnoo e aduna cuuɗiiɗo e semmbe kolliroowo hol to ɗum hawritta, ko ɗum werto yi’otoongo e suuɗiingo e heen gootel kala. E hitaande 1981 wonnoo jokkondiral tawtawtindirngal Hampaate Baa e jokkondire to Abija e Birino Caam to suudu saaktirdu kabaruuji Kodduwaar to Dakaar jaaynde naange adunayaŋkoore nde Filip Dekereyeen, nder jokkondiral maɓɓe e Hampaate Baa ina haala fof ko faati e nguurndam makko e ko ɓenni e makko e Afrik e ko o nani, gooŋɗinɓe juulɗuɓe, gooŋɗuɓe e Afrik, njuɓɓudi leƴƴi ŋellitiiɗi ɗiin ɗi o haɓɓaninoo. To fannu lelngo tawdeede e pulareeje ina ndeggondiri e binndi e haala, ina ndokka nguurndam e ñamri, o yaltini fannu goɗɗo ngam artude kadi e fannu mbo o wonnoo oo. Daartol aadee e daartol jillondirngol e miijooji e baɗaate finaa tawaa ɗee. Ngonka jokkondiri pine galɗuɗe e mbaadi kolloori neɗɗaŋke. Kono Hampaate heen sahaaji ina acca jokkondire mum, ngam yahde tawtoroyeede to Ñaamee e dente denndinɗe njuɓɓudi S C O A dow daart finaa tawaa. Hitaande 1981 woni tigi seedtinnde dokkegol njeenaari kaanndi fa’de e 21 Suwen iwde e lelngo Meniil to Hooston mbo Teksaas. Ngam yi’tu mo wuuri ɗimmo ndeen fedde. Joom Meniil suɓii rokkude njeenaari mum ko yimɓe haɓtantooɓe faamaamuya moƴƴo hakkunde worɓe e jinngande foɗde worɓe. Hampaate Baa ɓamaa. Njeenaari mum kaanndi ko faati e kaaldigal leƴƴi e nder diinaaji, ko ganndal kuuɓtindinngal e ndimaagu. E hitaande 1982 Hampaate Baa nde ɓennatnoo to Pari, o heɓi toon ñawu, nde o selli o arti Abija omo tampi no feewi. Iwde e oon ñalngu o iwaani haŋkadi Kodduwaar. Ko noon ne kay o ɗannaaki hay gootol, heddii noon ko omo tiiɗnii, omo hurlaa keewal yimɓe. Nde o tini o sellii, o heblii wondude e Piyeer Dumayet jokkondiral juutngal e ampiir Fulɓe Maasina ko saaktaa e dow TF1 woni ayaawo habrirde Pari go’aɓere. Nder fannu lefol Piyeer Dumayet fuɗɗii inniraa gorko e gorko ko Anik ɓiy san ngal Aamadu Hampaate Baa anndunoo gila e cukaagu to Bamako, nde o walliti Piyeer e yuɓɓinde lefol nate dillooje e dow daartol Fulɓe Maasina e golle wolla e wiɗto waɗaango e dow Aamadu Hampaate Baa e Jak Daket e kitaale 1953 haa 1955. Piyeer Dumayet caggal nde heɓi ballal jokkondirde e oon hooreejo golle TF1 ngam yuɓɓinde mago nate dillooje yahdi e gollidiiɓe mum kam e Annik Gal to Afrik. Kono ɓe ngadii waɗde ko ɓeto e renndinde nate yimɓe ɓe Aamadu Hampaate Baa adinoo naamnondirde nde winndata deftere makko e dow daartol, saanga jokkondiral yimɓe heewɓe. Nate ɗee e jiiɓondirde ko facciro majje waɗaa ko e Mali. E hitaande 1984 yeewtere ndee ɓami ko waktu gooto e feccere e dow TF1. Nate dillooje ɗee nginniraa ko laamu Maasina. Jaltugol mum hawri ko e jaltugol binndanɗe Afrik kese ɗe nganndu ɗaa kañje ne ko ndeen innde wootere ndokkaa. Nde Anik Gal wonnoo to Abija ngam yaltinde laamu Maasina, o yi’ii toon binndanɗe Aamadu Hampaate Baa mooftaaɗe ko ɓuri heen heewde ko nokku kantiin ɗe mooftaaki no feewi, kadi ɗe ngalaa lelngo feewngo. Hampaate Baa waɗti ɗum e juuɗe janngooɓe, o wi’ yoo ɓe ngar ɓe nji’a, kadi gooto ƴeewa dañde heen ko yiɗi. Haawaa yi’de ɗo hay gooto yi’aani heen ko yiɗi, hono UNESKOO wolla duɗal keeroringal cellal ngal Faraysee waɗi huunde seeɗa ngam suurde ɗe e lelngo ngaandiiwo. O felliti ñaagaade ballal ngalu, ngam yuɓɓinde e rewde binndol, O jokkondiri e hooreejo toppitiiɗo pinal kam e hooreejo koolaaɗo kuuɓal Farayse gonɗo to Abija. Kamɓe ɗiɗo fof ɓe njahdi to Aamadu Hampaate Baa ngam ƴeewoyde deftirdu makko nduu e ƴeewde golle kaanɗe waɗeede toon ɗee. Koolaaɗo kuuɓal oo jaɓani mo ballal kopporeeje e hitaande e nando wallitde gollal ngal. Joom’en deftirɗi keewɗi ɓami pellital waɗde golle binndol feccere e binndanɗe ko faati e Fulɓe. Sabaabu Eleen Heknaam e wondude e heewɓe joom deftirɗi. Defte keewɗe dentinɗe piindi e foɗde capanɗe joyi hitaande ɗeen ndanndaa kisnaa e bonande. Noon eɗe keɓoo, eɗe mbaawi huutoreede, wonande ɓeen ndaartooɓe e tawtawtinirde gannde e nokke mawɗe Fulɓe Afrik mbo fuɗnaange e binndanɗe Hampaate Baa ɗe ngasiroyi ko e geɗe ɗiɗi e jokkondire ɗiɗi dentinɗe. E hitaande1984, o tawtoraa batu yuɓɓinaangu to Abija toɗɗiingu, jawdi e ɗatngal. E hitaande 1985, dente dentinɗe juɓɓinaaɗe to Pari e noddaango fedde jaŋde e binndi Afrik e jokkondiral e Eleen Heknaam gonnooɗo jottinoowo haala makko, o addani mo haala ɓamtaaka e lewru Duujal e hitaande 1986 to Abija Jaggitanooka e jokkondiral makko e Eleen. Binndanɗe njiitondiri ɗoon, ɗe fof ɗe kaalata ko geɗe Afrik, Njeddo Dewal, yumma mum deeyre, holliri e hitaande 1985 leepte dow Fulɓe, rokki facciro e dow yi’annde adunayaŋkeere ko faati e (muso koroni) dewel nayewel, womre punndi, tinndi e cifti Mali yalti e hitaande 1987. Ɗeen ɗoon binndanɗe ɗiɗi e ko faati e nguurndam makko, “Amkullel, Cukalel Pullo”. Ko ɗum binndanɗe cañiiɗe jaltuɗe lebbi jeegom, caggal maayde makko, Hampaate Baa ina rokki en alluwal timmungal e ɓulngo wolla mbi’en wiɗto makko, ko faati e binndi makko, yaltinoyi fannuuji ɗiɗi neɗɗaŋke. Ɓeen ɓe nganndaani njeñcudi. Ceerno Bookaar e Seeku Aamadu Jaambareeɓe kaalii hono Hammadi, Bagumaawel, Baa wannde, Ndiyam jeeri, Siley Saajo. Yimɓe rennduɓe yonta, siforteeɓe wonde annduɓe. Kadi ina woodi ɗanniyaŋkooɓe gasnirɓe e maayde. Ina tawee e nder ɗuum Bojel Tokosel, Wanngiriin, Demburu, Hamtuɗo, Dewel Nayewel, nde wonnoo ñemmbude sifaa ina jacca, o facciri facciro newiingo e hakkilantaagal neɗɗo heblooji maɓɓe timmaani eno yiɗiraa e ƴeewtagol ina ŋakki e haala kam e fannu salaade lelngo laawol wolla golle. No sifaaji ɗii mba’i seertude jeddugol ngol wonaa gootol e galleeji, fof ina luurdi. Ɗuum addi jiiɓru e ŋekkere ñemmbo. Wonaa noon warngo e salaade haɗata hutoraade ko wonata e gannde e haala e nder ko huutoraa. Yiɗde Hampaate Baa facciraa e tinnaare makko mawnde e finaa tawaa woni ganni ñeemtinaa. Ko ɗum faggudu ganndal laaɓtungal keelɗungal ɗum haani ko huutoreede kala ko ina waɗee. Kono noon so haala feewaani ina waawi addude bonande. Anndude ko waawde waɗde, waawde haalde e anndude ko haali. Haa kaaɗdi nguurndam makko e hollitde ngalu e luggude pinal Afriknaaɓe. E hitaande 1986, ñawu fiyi mo o tampi no feewi, ɗuum woni sabaabu keso baɗɗo mo baŋŋe neɗɗo. O iwaani ɗoon haŋkadi e nokku makko hono Markori. Nde wonnoo omo jokkondiri e tampere, galle makko wonti naat yaltu yimɓe arooɓe humpitaade mo. Hampaate Baa sakket nguurndam addani mo ko nguurndam leelɗam. To makko too omo huurlaa dental yimɓe galle makko, ɓeen waɗoo ɓe huunde fof ngam weltinde mo e ɓuuɓnude ñallal makko, to woɗɗi ina arda mo toon sahaa kala kabaruuji won heen goɗɗi ina keewi ko weli. Ñalawma gooto, batu dental goomu facciro daartol kuuɓtindinngol Afrik e Fulɓe ɓe neldi mo telegaraam woni ɓataake hono nii, “Tedduɗo, e waktu nde ngal dental renti ngam faccirde daartol kuuɓtindinngol afrik e dow Fulɓe afrik e Fulɓe, minen miɗen ciftora wondude e suno e haaɓre ngam anndude hare kaɓaɗaa e kala sahaa ngam ɓamtaare ɗemngal e pine afriknaaɓe ɗo a dartaaki. Miɗen ɓami pellital jokkude e darnde maa teeŋti noon e gollal ngal mbaɗɗaa e hitaande 1985 to Akara, hono noon wondude e ceerno Seek Ubaldi. E dow yiɗde timminde aadi, wondude e foɗde nelal ngal Uneskoo halfini amen ngal, dental amen ngal renndini ko goomu yimɓe jannguɓe Pulaar. Miɗen kaani weltaade no feewi haa mbaawon jaɓande hooreejo dokkaaɗo golle ɗee. Miɗen ñaagano maa cellal, kadi miɗen ñaago maa nde ngooŋɗintaa haa no feewi mbelammaaji amen jokkondirɗi.” Hampaate Baa tini mbelamma e njurum e ngal ɗoo neldal, o waɗti ngal e junngo ɓiɗɗo mum afo hono Seek Aamadu yoo wi’ɓe, yoo ɓe yoo ɓe nganndu kam ɓe fof ndenndi sago e ɓerɗe wootere, ko ɗum gootal e njenaaje ɓurɗe yooɗde ɗe o heɓi e sakket nguurndam makko. Hono noon, sabaabu makko, rewde e makko jokkat wuurde nder ngaandiiji worɓe. Aamadu Hampaate Baa, saŋkii ñande 15 Mee e hitaande 1991 to Abija, to woɗɗi Bañnjangara nokku ɗo o jeyaa. Hono noon nder leyɗe goro ɓeen ɗanniyaŋkooɓe mawɓe, ɓiɗɓe afɓe leydi lamɗam» O fooftii ngam daañaa. Tesko Fedde wiɗtiyaŋkooɓe cellal nder Afrik ɓaleejo. Ndesee gannde e sirluuji Afrik, hono noon wonnoo hare nde o haɓantonoo ɓanndu e neɗɗaagal, Aamadu Hampaate Baa nder njuuteendi nguurndam makko, ngonka e fannu wonnoo ko yiɗde tawtinde gannde lugge teeŋtuɗe e nder pine Afriknaaɓe e fannu kuuɓtidinɗo e nder Sudaan woni hannde Mali. Aamadu Hampaate Baa yi’ aduna ko e hitaande 1901 ɗo wi’etee Bañnjangara, to leydi Dogoŋ (Mali hannde) e nder galle Fulɓe annduɓe. O waayɗaama ko yaawi to baŋŋe Baaba makko, o rewi haŋkadi e yumma makko e oon ɓamtunooɗo yumma makko, woni baaba cawndiiɗo jeyaaɗo ɗo wi’etee Buguni to leydi Bammbara. To o fuɗɗii jaŋde makko ɓur’aana e les njiimaandi ceerno Kunta. O artoyi ko e hitaande 1908 e nder wuro ɗo o jeyaa woni Bañnjangara, o jokki ɗoon jaŋde makko Ɓur’aana e junngo ceerno Bookaar Saalif Taal, hare jihaaɗi hakkunde Tijjaaniyaŋkooɓe e sakket oon wonoyi ceerno makko guditiiɗo, kono wonde Aamadu Hampaate suka e ɓiɗɗo dimo, ko noon o woniri, omo haani yahde to duɗal dahaaɓe, ko wonaa nando duɗal Faraysenaaɓe ɓe ɓamiino jikku e oon sahaa forsude yimɓe fof e neldude sukaaɓe maɓɓe e nder janngirɗe maɓɓe ngam heblude yontaaji garooji e feewnitanaade laamu tuubakiri janngo. Ko e hitaande 1912 waɗde Aamadu Hampaate Baa waɗi jaŋde makko to Bañnjangara e Jennee, o heɓoyi seedanfaagu makko ko e hitaande 1915. O timminoyi jaŋde makko ko Bamako, o heɓoyi toon seedanfaagu goɗɗo wondude e dippolmaa wonande duɗal dowrowal dokkungal ɗum jokkondirde e duɗal toowngal ngal Wiliyam Ponti mbo Goree (1921). Ndeen noon Aamadu Hampaate Baa salii yahde Goree. Ɗuum wonani mo sabaabu naweede Wagadugu, to Burkina Fasoo. O gollidii e laamu tuubakiri to Burkina eto Mali foɗde duuɓi noogaas dewɗi, haa e hitaande 1942. E hitaande 1933 o waɗi feere heɓde guurte lebbi 8 ngam woɗɗitaade ceerno makko. Ceerno Bookaar, ganndo Bañnjajgara. Ngal ɗoon ganndal walli mo e yuɓɓinde haala e janngingol ceerno makko. O waɗti duuɓi joyi caggal binndi e oon joom humpito bi’eteeɗo Tewodoro Monod oon jajjinɗo cehilaagal timmungal woni hakkunde ɓeen worɓe ɗiɗo. Monodo addi mo e sara makko to Dakaar. E hitaande 1942 e wonde mo wiɗtiyaŋke geɗe Faraysee e Afrik ɓaleejo (IFAN). O golli toon haa e kitaale capanɗe jeegom, ɓamtude wiɗto makko e dow ganni Fulɓe e nder Afrik. Binndol ko fannu ganndal. Binndol ko nando ganndal, kono ɗi ngonaa ganndal kañji e ko’e majji. Ganndal ko fooyre wonande worɓe. Ronde ɗum ko wonnoo e tawaangal ganni. Haala ngora, baɗal e waɗde, ko ɗum ngoraagu e nder winndere laaɓtunde. E hitaande 1960 Aamadu Hampaate Baa hollirii wonande mo pinal leydi mum, keɓndi ndimaagu mayri e kesam hesaagu, ndiin woni Mali. E nder ndeen hitaande, o fuɗɗi jaŋde aadee to Bamako, ɗo o wonnoo hooreejo janngirdu. O wontoyi kadi koolaaɗo Mali joɗɗinaaɗo to Kodduwaar e kitaale 1962 e 1966 o woni tergal e fedde UNESKOO fa’de 1962 e 1970. Humpito nguurndam Aamadu Hampaate Baa ina alɗi e goonga o enndii ko heewi iwde e jime, defte, cifti e daari. Gila e hitaande 1955 o yaltini wiɗto waɗngo daartol, njiimaandi Fulɓe Maasina. Duuɓi ɗiɗi caggal mum, o yaltini wiɗto nguurndam ceerno makko, nguurndam e janngingol ceerno Bookaar, ganndo Bañnjangara, kadi e hitaande 1972 o yaltini eɓɓo heso o yaltini tinndi keewɗi, hono Kaydara 1969 Peeñal hoodere mawnde 1974 Njeedo Dewal 1985, womre punndi 1987 e sakket Bojel Tokosel 1993. Aamadu Hampaate Baa yaltinii defte goɗɗe ko wayno Wanngiriin, 1973, rokkunde mo njeenaari mawndi, wonde mo winndiyaŋke Afrik ɓaleejo e hitaande 1974 wiɗto woɗngo wonande Islaam Iisaa yi’ juulɗo e hitaande 1976. Aamadu Hampaate Baa saŋkii ko ñande 15 Mee e hitaande 1991 to Abija. Ko heewi e binndanɗe makko njaltinaama haa heewi e fannuuji ɗiɗi - Amkullel, ɓiɗngel Pullo, Eey Kumaandaŋ Am. Heewɓe ina teskoo e haala makko ko o heewi wi’de, kala nde nayeejo maayi, wa’i kono deftirdu sumndu. Kono paamen Aamadu Hampaate Baa moomtotaako e hakkillaaji o wa’i kono ɓeen jaambareeɓe annduɓe adinooɓe e nder ganni Afriknaaɓe. DEFTE MAKKO L'Empire peul du Macina (1955, nouvelle édition en 1984) Vie et enseignement de Tierno Bokar, le sage de Bandiagara (1957, réécrit en 1980), adapté au théâtre par Peter Brook en 2003. Kaïdara, récit initiatique peul (1969) Aspect de la civilisation africaine (1972) L'Étrange Destin de Wangrin (1973) – Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire 1974. L’Éclat de la grande étoile (1974) Jésus vu par un musulman (1976) Petit Bodiel (conte peul) et version en prose de Kaïdara (1976) Njeddo Dewal mère de la calamité (1985, conte fantastique et initiatique peul) Ce que vaut la poussière, contes et récits du Mali (1987) Amkoullel l’enfant peul (Mémoires I, 1991) – Grand prix littéraire d'Afrique noire 1991 Oui mon commandant ! (Mémoires II, 1994) publié à titre posthume Il n' y a pas de petite querelle (2000) Ravins érotiques (2001), dix textes dont un d'Amadou Hampâté Bâ, vingt-cinq gravures de Michel Moskovtchenko, édition de 30 exemplaires numérotés, U.R.D.L.A., Villeurballe Mémoires (2012) Coépouse bossue... ou méchanceté punie (2015) La Révolte des bovidés (2015) Yimɓe Interlingue ("Occidental") ko ɗemngal. Ɗemɗe Diiwal Katsina un Diiwal Geɓal Woila Faa Hirna Naajeeriya. Ɗun tiggi Diiwal Katsina e ɗungu 1987, Wakkatire ɗe ɗun henɗita gada Diiwal Kaduna. E hanɗe diiwal Katsina egal Waadi keerol e Diiwal Kaduna, Zamfara, Kano e Jigawa. Gelle mauɗe Diiwal e ɗenbo gelle Daura ɗe ɗun mantinirto e guure hoɓɓe ɗun holliniɗun e joɗorɗe kiiɗe neesuji julɗaku (Islama) e jangiki e Naajeeriya. Diiwal Katsina egal Woodi joɗiɗe ko ɓurii baano millianji 5,800,000 kamanoo noɗun hollini e ɗungu 2006. Diiwal Katsina hanguke diiwal jowaɓal e ɗuɗirka yimɓe e lesdi ɗinfuu e lattaki magal gal 17 eɗer diiwee e jajirka leydi ɗin eko neesu hollini ummatore Hausa-fulani hanɓe ɓuuri maugu ɗuuɗirka e ɗer ummatore diiwal ɗen diina Islama hanka ɗun ɓuuri huutirki e maagal e ɗungu 2005 Katsina lattake diiwal jowaɓal e Naajeeriya e amintigal e shariaji juldaaku. Gomnajo diiwal Katsina e jonɗe jooni kanko wooni wiiete Aminu Bello Masari mo suɓal All Progressives Congress (APC) ɗen sobirawo arduujo lesdi Muhammadu Buhari. Eɗun ɗaariira diiwal gal e jonɗe jooɗorɗe (siyasaje) ɗun Buhari ɓiɗɗo aslu Daura hanko yaami shubtal gal ɗun waaɗi gal subugo mauɗo lesdi ɗun 2019 e haade shuuɓol 80% ɗun kuri’aji ɗi ɗun subti. Joogaraafi Diiwal Katsina egal woodi jaajirka kamani muraba'iji kilomitaji 23,938 (symi 9,243). Edi dau latitude hakkuuɗe 110`07`49N 130`22`57” e longitude 60`52`03E e 990`02” anɗaaɓe yimɓe e diiwal Katsina ɗuu’un siryaago inɗee woɓɓe gaɗa ɗer anɗaaɓe yimɓe e gaɗa diiwal Katsina. Lasgii Hausa, Pulaar hamɓe ke lasgol ɓurgol maugu. Diinaajii Diiwal gal dai ɗuuɗirka fuu un julɓe inare gaɓarau minaret goɗɗun muhimmajun nyibgol eɗer maagal. Shari’a eɗun huuwa e fuu e jaajirka diiwal amma eɗun honlina julɗaaku. Churchwal Redeemed Christain church of God e churchwal Roman Catholic eɗun ɗen e diiwal nga. Hukumaaji pamari Diiwal Katsina egal woodi (maari) hukumaji pamari 34 hanje ke. Bakori Batagarawa Batsari Baure Bindawa Charanchi Dan Musa Dandume Danja Daura Dutsi Dutsin-Ma Faskari Funtua Ingawa Jibia Kafur Kaita Kankara Kankia Katsina Kurfi Kusada Mai'Adua Malumfashi Mani Mashi Matazu Musawa Rimi Sabuwa Safana Sandamu Zango Ilmu Jergol jangirɗe mauɗe diiwal Katsina ɗe kauti. Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Kaduna Diiwal dow hirnanngere Naajeeriya. Diiwal dow Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Hiimobe Fulfulde Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Zamfara Un Diiwal e Woyla Faaro Hirnannge Naajeeriya gelle mauɗe diiwal Zamfara kanje ngooni Gusau ɗenbo. Gomnajo mo jooni hanko ke Bello Mohammed Matawalle. Haa yaari 1996 geɓal egal ɗer Diiwal Sokoto. Zamfara un geɓal gal ɗuuɗirka yimɓe e Hausa’en e Fulɓe. Zamfara galɓu e paamari hukuumaaji Anka, Gumi, Bukkujum e Talata Mafara. Goɓiranko’en ɓe ɗuuɗirka yimɓe hukuma pamarun Shinkafi. E gonga gobranko’en waaɗi hijra gaɗa lamorɗe Gobir. Ɗun heeɓa Burmanko’en e Bakura e Funɓe Bundugu e Maru, galibu maɓɓe ɓe ɓuuri Katsinanko’en, geranko’en e Haɗejanko’en ɗenbo e yimɓe Alibawa eɗon ngooni e Ƙaura Namoda e Zurmi, eɗun heeɓa ɗun Alawan Shehu Usmanu fulɓe e Birnin Magaji. Gal waaɗi keerol e wayla jamhuriyyajiwal Niijar eta fombina e diiwal Kaduna eta fuuna waadi keerol e diiwal e Katsina eta hirna ɗembo edi waaɗi keerol e diiwal Sokoto Kebbi e Niger, eɗi wooɗi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe koyaari 9,278,873 edau limgal 2006 ɗen edi woodi hukumaji pamaari sappo e naayi. Jooɗorɗe Jooɗorɗe Zamfara Jooɗorɗe Zamfara eɗe woodi gulɗun eɗun ummo koyaari 38`c (100.4`F) yaari dau hakkuɗe marchie e mayu. Wakkatire ɗungaaku eɗun fuɗɗa e reirgo mayu yaari seftembeer enon bo wakkatire peewol eɗun ɗun anɗi e hammattan eɗun gaɗa Disamba yaari Afrilu. Leɓɓi ɓurɗi gulɗun e Zamfara kanji ngoni marchie e Afrilu gonɗi haade e ɗungu eta artuɗun. Diyam dau artuɗun eɗon wadda sakamaakoji ɗun feunoojun hauti e ɗustuugo ngulɗum ɓanɗuu. Hukumaji Pamari Diiiwal Zamfara eɗon maari hukumaji pamari sappo e naayi (4) kanji ngooni. Lasgi Diiwal Zamfara gal un ummaatore hausa e fulɓe inare e woɓɓe gaɗa ɗer ummatore Gwari, kamuku, kambari, Dukawa e Zabarmi ɓe jooɗii. Luttuɗe ɗen ɗe kautii e Igbo, Yarbanko’en, Kanuri’en, Nupe e Tiv. Mauɗe gelle diiwal un inare woɗɗe musamman e faaro wuuɗu luumo ɗe ɗuuɗirka yimɓe gaɗa ko e tooye ɗer Naajeeriya kamano no ɗum waaii e kootooye fuu e galluje mauɗe e Zamfara eɗe ngooɗi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe gaɗa guttuɗi fere-fere ɗun Naajeeriya. Demle Demgal Hausare kangal ke ɗemgal hukumawal luttuɗe mauɗe ɗemle ɗe ɗun wolɗaata e maaje e Zamfara ɗe kautie Englishire, Faransacore, Fulfulde, Larabankore seɗɗaje ɗenbo eɗe bolwira kaamani Yorubankore e Igbo’en. Demle kainji lela e gwamhi-wuri eɗun wolwira e majee e hukuma pamarun Gummi. Ha eɗe hanɗe eɗun wolwiira e ut-ma in e diiwal e ɗenbo gelle Keɓɓe ɗun diiwal Sokoto. Ilmu (Famgo) Jergol mangal jangirɗe diiwal Zamfara ɗe kauti e. Diinah Julɗaaku (Islama) hanjuke mauɗun diina diiwal gal kirista’en ma eɓe ngoodi tokkaɓe ɗuɗɓe diinaji asalu ɗimma eɗi ngooɗi tokkuɓe haibo ɓe ɗuuɗa (seɗɗa) tokkaɓe. Eɗun waɗɗa ɗeɗɗen diinaje e saareji kiiɗi banoo Dutsi e kwatarkwashi. Diiwal Zamfara hangal wooni latti artugal e naajeeriya puɗɗugal huutirki tsariwal Shari’a e zaman laamu gomnajo kiiɗo diiwal gal Ahmed Sani Yarima. Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Hiimoɓe Diiwal Niger Neja diiwal dow e Niiseriya Sokoto diiwal Dow e leysɗi Niiseriya. Sokoto mauɗun boɗɗe gonɗun enare woyla yidde hirna Najeriya jiki hautaki wurgo Sokoto e rima nonnoɗun 2006. Gelleɗen ɗuɗirka yimɓe 4.2 dubuuje. Sokoto hanjuke mauɗun birni Sokoto ɗun zamani e gaɗe hanjuke mauɗun boɗɗe. Gelle woyla yidde hirna inɗe Sokoto ɗun hanjuke aranɗe ende Sokoto ɗun aranɗe larabankejo wakiltotoɓe ɗen yo un an ɗiɗun e Sokoto boɗɗe Shehu Bello ko Sokoto mauɗun birni Shehu e Bello “Bello Umar Maikaset joɗorɗe  ko’eɗo Sokoto gellede fu’un Musulmi’en ɗen e muhimmin enare jonɗe jangirɗe addinin Musulunci e Najeriya mauɗe Musulmai Khalifa maudo jirowo Musulmi en Najeriya. Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Kano Diiwal doum e leysɗii Naajeeriya Himobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Jigawa doum Diiwal nder leysdii Naajeeriya. Jigawa e der Diiwal gondi woyla bo hirna leysdi Naajeeriya. Diiwal Jigawa iwodi jajirka e darde lesdi ko yahri 23,154km yoda e lenyol yimɓe koyahri 2,829,928 e limgal 1991. Sare mawɓe Diiwal Jigawa hairene Dutse. Badaru Abubakar hankone arɗujo lamotodo Diiwal Jigawa, ila subki 2015 ko waddi hande. Ballitotodo Badaru hankone Ibrahim Hassan. Diiwal Jigawa hauti kerol e Diiwal naayii hanjene, Diiwal Bauchi, Diiwal Yobe, Diiwal Kano, e Diiwal Katsina. Lenyol Jigawa iwodi wolde, wolde dudde wolde Jigawa burɗe hairene Hausare yoda e Fulɓe walama bo Hadejia. Demle koride hauti e Gudduranko'en, Karai-Karai, Habe. Hukuma Pamarun Lardu Jigawa iwodi hukuma pamare sappande ɗiɗi e jewe ɗiɗi 27. Hanjene: Auyo Babura Biriniwa Birnin Kudu Buji Dutse Gagarawa Garki Gumel Guri Gwaram Gwiwa Hadejia Jahun Kafin Hausa Kaugama Kazaure Kiri Kasama Kiyawa Maigatari Malam Madori Miga Ringim Roni Sule Tankarkar Taura Yankwashi Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Diiwal Gombe e hedi Woyla no Fuuna Leydi Naajeeriya, Jajirka lesdi Gombe Yahrii 18,768km yimbe Diiwal Gombe yahri 2000,353,000 e Limgal gaɗaangal duuɓi 2016. Hukuma Pamare mawɓe hawtirde hayrene Gombe. Mohammed Inuwa Yahaya Hankone arɗujo Diiwal Gombe ila Subki duuɓi 2015, kowaddi hannde. Ballitoowo Arɗujo diiwal Gombe hanko woni Charles Iliya. Diiwal Gombe hawtii keerol e diiwe jowi gonɗi woyla no fuuna lesdi Naajeeriya, kanji ngoni Diiwal Bauchi, Diiwal Borno, Diiwal Yobe, Diiwal Adamawa e Diiwal Taraba. Sufoore Diiwal Gombe e hedi woila no fuhna leysdi Nigeria, jajirka lesdi Gombe yahri 18,768km yimbe lardu Gombe yahri 2000,353,000 e limgal badgal dubi 2016. jama'are maude hautirde hairene Gombe Lenyol Iwodi demle dudde sedda ider demle den Hukuma Pamarun Lardu Gombe iwodi jama,aje pamare har sappo e go,o hanjene: Janngi Janngirle mawɗe dow e Diiwal Gombe: Federal University Kashere Gombe State University Federal College of Education (Tech), Gombe|Federal College of Education (Tech) Federal College of Horticultural Technology, Dadin Kowa Federal Polytechnic, Kaltungo College of Education, Billiri Gombe State College of Legal Studies, Nafada Gombe State Polytechnic, Bajoga Gombe State University of Science and Technology, Kumo|Gombe State University of science and Technology, Kumo Nassiji Diiwal Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Gombe Diiwal Kebbi diiwal dow e leysɗi Niiseriya Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Himobe Abdullay Dikko naatii aduna 27 Juliye 1989 ley ngeenndi Jammbakuru, laamu Mooti, leydi Mali. Caggal ko mo heɓi CEP (2000) e DEF (2003) o janngoyi Liise Hammadun Dikko Sewaare iwde 2003 yaade faa 2006, hitaannde nden mo heɓii Bak. Hakkunde 2006 e 2013 o baari jannde e cuuɗi lekkoluuji Mali mawdi ɗiɗi : FLASH (Faculté des lettres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines) kaɲum e ENSup (Ecole Normale Supérieure). Iwde 2008 warde faa hikka (2014) Abdullay Dikko ana wonndi e haɓanaade pulaaku e fina-tawaa Mali fuu e ley waalde Sukaaɓe Tabital Pulaaku, ɗo mo woni arannde loomto Tresorier, so sakitii o laatii Sekreter au Developpement. Jooni o loomto hooreejo Waalde Sukaabe Tabital Pulaaku Mali (JTP). Hannde o Interprete E.U.T.M. (European Union Training Mission in Mali) kaɲum e Andritz Hydro. Abdraman Dikko yii aduna ɲennden 21 lewru marsi hitaande 1989 nokku bi'eteeɗo Moribaabugu ley laamorde Kulikoro, leydi Mali. Caggal ko o heɓi CEP 2002 e DEF 2005, o wari janngude liise Kanku Muusa iwde 2005 yaade 2008, hitaande ndee o heɓi Bak. Iwde 2009 faa 2013 o janngi FLASH( Faculté des Lèttres, Langues, Arts et Sciences Humaines de Bamako). Hannden o janngoowo kalaasi go'o6o janngirdu wi'eteendu Ensup( Ecole Normale Supérieure de Bamako). Iwde 2009 warde faa jooni omo haɓonoo pulaaku e neesuuji leydi Mali. O woni hakkunde 2010 e 2013 « commissaire aux comptes JTPU( Jeunesse Tabital Pulaaku Universitaire). Fuɗɗude Juwen 2013 faa ɲalooma hannden oo, o sekreter jeneral sukaaɓe Tabital Pulaaku Mali ( JTP-Mali). Abdraman Dikko wonii « interprete » iwde uttu 2013 faa me 2014 to « African Water ». Iwde 01, juwen 2014 faa 31, juliye 2014 o wonii « interprete» to « DEU Einsktgt (EUTM Mali) ». Kunngal Manngal Laatiino gorko gooto mo genndum yiɗaa ɗum. O huurtini genndiiko, omo yiɗi ɗum duu faa sanne. Kaa so jamma warii o naatii buguuru nduu fuu, debbo oo daasan daago muuɗum faa sella daɗɗa leloo faa weeta. So kanko, gorko oo, o daɗɗii sella fuu; debbo oo naata ley buguuru nduu ŋabba leeso ngoo leloo faa weeta. Ɓe njokkiri non faa goriraaɗo oo mettaa. O lamndii debbo oo. O haaldi e makko faa o ronkani oon. Batte majjum ɲannde wootere gorko oo ɓornii paaɗe muuɗum ye'i ɗo debbo mawɗo gooto. O haaltanii on ko woni hakkunde makko e genndiiko. Debbo mawɗo oo wii gorko oo hoota leloo law. O leloo ley buguuru nduu yalla genndiraaɗo oo ana yalta yaasin. Kaa ko o nani fuu pati o wiya fay huunde, debbo oo tawayan mo ley suudu to. Nden kaa o yalta o wiya “karja!” faa cile tati. Gorko oo wii wooɗi, hooti cuuɗi. O yottii wakkati kiraaɗe. Goriraaɗo oo hiirti, naati fukki. Genndiraaɗo oo daasi daago muuɗum fukkoyi sella. Homo fuu ɗaanii. Hejjere jamma, debbo oo ana lelii faa gurbiti immii, sabu o nani gullaaɗe kulɓiniiɗe. O udditi noppi makko o heɗi no feewi. Omo nana kuungal manngal gootal mbiyoowal: gummagummagooss! Ɗum ya'an tan iɗum ɓado warde. Gilla debbo oo ana ɲoƴƴa ɓernde muuɗum faa o ronki muɲude. Kulol bonngol hippii dow makko. O dogi yaade buguuru baabiiko. O yimi: Babba a nanii naa, babba guuro a nanii naa kuungal ngal wii dee, kuungal manngal ngal wii dee gummagummagooss! Babbiraaɗo oo nootii: Walaa koo mbaawu-mi. Yaa to gora! Debbo oo salii. O dogi yaade to inniiko. O yimi: Inne a nanii naa Inne guuro a nanii naa Kuungal ngal wii dee Kuungal manngal ngal wii dee Gummagummagoss! Inniraaɗo oo nootii: Walaa koo mbaawu-mi. Yaa to gora! Debbo oo salii. O ye'i to banndiiko gorko o yimi: Sammba a nanii naa Sammba inne a nanii naa Kuungal ngal wii dee Kuungal manngal ngal wii dee Gummmagummmagooss! Banndiraaɗo gorko oo nootii: Walaa koo mbaawu-mi. Yaa to gora! Joonin kaa o fuɗɗi yiide kuungal ngal ana ɓawla warde ɗo woɗɗi, engal wulla gummagummagooss! Kulol makko ngol ɓeydii faa omo siɲɲa hono leembol lekki. Debbo oo dogi wirfaade to gorum ton. Kuungal ngal ana doga caggal makko ana wulla warde. O dogi ko o waaawi fuu faa damal buguuru nduu o wii: Hey a nanii naa, Kuungal ngal wii dee Kuungal manngal ngal wii dee Gummagummagooss! Saaye. Fay gooto nootaaki. Gorko oo hinnii lelaade ko muuɗum. O murtinkinii. Kuungal ngal wulli semmbe gummagummagooss! Debbo oo ana darii damal buguuru nduu. O yii kuungal ngal faa gasi. Engal juuti faa hoore maggal ana mema kammu. Yiite ana yalta e gite maggal kaɲe kunugal maggal fuu. Debbo oo naati buguuru nduu dari baŋŋe leeso ngoo fonnde hoore goriraaɗo oo. O yimi: Maani a nanii naa, Kuungal ngal wii dee Kuungal manngal ngal wii dee Gummagummagooss! Goriraaɗo oo ɓeydi murtinkinaade. O ɲoofii hono baddel ley lelnde makko. Debbo oo wii kasen: Unhuu a nanii naa unhuu guuri a nani naa, kuungal ngal wii dee kuungal manngal ngal wii dee gummagummagooss! Goriraaɗo oo waɗi hono maataali. Kuungal ngal wari faa ɗo daago debbo oo daɗɗinoo ɗo. Ngal wulli: gummagummagoooooossssss! Pette yiite caami ana ɲaara dow leydi. Debbo oo suuri ŋabbi dow leeso gorum, suddii ley suddamaare, ɲoofii gere makko wii: Giɗo a nanii naa, Giɗowel am a nanii naa kuungal ngal wii dee kuungal ngal manngal ngal wii dee gummmagummagooss! Nden goriiraaɗo oo gurbitii so immii, yalti sella damal buguuru nduu wii nde tati: Karja! Karja! Karja! Kuungal ngal dogi soƴƴii ladde. Kuyan e seyo nangi ɓernde gorko oo sabu omo yiɗi genndiiko faa sanne. Nii debbo mawɗo oo waɗi so totti goriraaɗo oo gennda muuɗum. Julde Jommbente ko ñannde jeenay (9) lewru jommbente waɗetee. Juldeere nden ko jemma waɗirta. Ko ndun lewru kadi woni fuɗɗoode lebbi hitaande nden ka julɓe ɓen. Noone Juldeere nden e Fuuta Jallo: 1) Nden ñannde kala jom galle, ko yo eto ɓeynguure mum nden ñaama haa haara 2) Hirtee ka ɓaawo julde futuroo. 3) So wonii haa geeƴe juulaama, cukaloy koy moobondira: worɓe feere, rewɓe feere. Ɓe yalta soorugol (cippiro) walla beytugol fii soroyamma. E ngon beyto non, hiɓe okkoree kaalisi, maaro, foññe, kaaba, ekn... Ɓe hewta e dammbungal suudu kala e nder hoɗo ngon. Jiwbe ɓen fonndita, ɓe yima: "Sooroo yamma yoo, sooroo yamma!" Si ɓe jonnaama sadaka on, ɓe (jiwɓe ɓen) yima: "aran yo boobo wullu! Aranan ka hoore danki! Aranan! O yaha ngaabu! Aran! O adda looɗe! Aranan! Looce Ndiima! Aran! Yo Allah jaɓu sadaka on!" Ɗum ko non jokkirta haa ka juulugol subaka. No juuliraa, cukaloy koy yaha ka caangol, ɓe lootoo mbiirujan, nde wonnoo ko hitaande heyre woni fuɗɗaade. Mawɓe ɓen kan lootoo ka cuuɗi.Ɓaawo mo kala wattoo conci kesi mum ɗin fii hiwrondiral bimmbi julde on. Ɓe hiwroyoo mawɓe gori ɓen, lambe ɓen, esiraaɓe ɓen, imaamuuɓe ɓen e ceernooɓe ɗuɗeɓen. Ɓen du'anooɓe kala ɓen artuɓe hiwrii ɗun. Yelanoobe moƴƴere aduna e laahara. Ɗum hawra ka ñalaande sappo (10) jommbente. Sappo jommbente non ko ñalaande hittunde sabu kaawaseeji heewuɗi waɗii e mayre. E misal, ko nden ñannde annabi Nuuhu humpitii wonnde Allaahu on dandii mo masiibi ndiyam waame on. Ko e nden ñalaande annabi Muusaa daɗi yoolaade. Fahin ko e nden ñalaande annabi Ibrahiim feranoo ka woyndu yiite. Allaahu on dandi mo. Awa nulaaɗo men Muhammadu tigi (Ajh), ɓaawo O nulaama, O teddini fii nde'e ñalaande. O hoorayno sappo jommbente hitaande kala, na naatugol hitaande heyre julɓe ɓen. E hino ko nelaaɗo (Ajh) maakannoo julɓe ɓen e hitaande sakkitorde ngurndam makko: "En woowii hoorugol sappo jommbente, nde'e ñalaande barkinaande. Gila e ndee hitaande aroore, en hooray ñannde jeenay on men." Kono O faatii ado ɗum. ko sabu ɗum waɗi si kala julɗo taaqanaado hooray jeenay e sappo jommbente. Maama-sorooɓe e manta-sorooɓe men kañun hari hoorayno hay ñannde tati lewru ndun, sabu ko nden ñannde Allah jaɓani Annabi Jakariyaawu toraare makko heɓugol jiidi. Ko on geɗaljo makko woni annabi Yaayaa. Ko nduu lewru woni go'aɓuru ka hitaande julɓe, nde wonnoo ko e mayru Nulaaɗo Muhammadu (Ajh) yalti Makka, ɓe seenii Madiina. Article utilisant une Infobox Ko ne'oowo maa aynoowo daabeeji nodditirtee ndee innde. No wi'ee kadi duroowo. Ko ɓuri heewude kon ko fulɓe aynooɓe na'i gollitirta ndee innde nde tawnoo fulɓe ko nagge anndiraa. Ko ɗum woni jawdi maɓɓe, ñamdu maɓɓe. Keenguyaagal ko si jom galle feƴƴinii walla waasii futtaandu mum, rewɓe makko ɓen heynoo, no iwtiraa wattinngol mo. Ɗum hawrondira ɓe ño'anaama conci heynorɗi, taƴaaɗi e kasannge ko moodi maɓɓe naɓiraa kon. Hari aranun, ko conci saññaaɗi ɗum wonaynoo. Fewndo non ka saa'i on fewndii ɗon hannde ko perkaani wonaa e huutoreede. Si jom galle ɗen ko ka jananiri faatii, ko ñannde suddiiɓe ɓen humpitii fii mum woo ɓe fuɗɗotoo heynaade. Si hawrii faatunnde nden feƴƴirii lebbi nay e balɗe sappo ado anndeede fii mum, haray heynagol alaa. Si hawrii sonnaajo on alaano ka galle moodi makko fewndo on faatii, ko ñannde o humpitii fii faatunnde nden wo o fuɗɗotoo heynaade. Ɗum firti ko nden ñannde o yollotoo e ndiyam. Kono ko adii kon, ko suɓagol "seemaa" on. Ɗum ko yo tawu ko yummiraawo faltiiɗo fii on finaa-tawaa ɗon. Golle ko o habboraa kon, ko aynugol keenguuɓe ɓen, wallitooɓe fii mobee yo lootor no haaniri, hara himo sanci. No keenguyaagal waɗirta Fuuta Jaloo: '''1- Sariyaaji keynguyaagal ɗin. a) Keenguujo urnotooɗo, wattotaako cuɗaari; b) O lootoo tenen e juma kala.O lootoo "lonngal"; ɓ) Keenguujo wonndataa e boobo; c) Naamu finaa-tawaa ko ɓooyi no farli yo keenguujo tabitu jogagol korun laaɓukun. Ko kun o salligorta ado julde kala; d) Gorko woo waalataa e suudu keenguujo, hay ɓiɓɓe makko ɓen, si ɓe hellifaama; ɗ) Nde hiɓe yaha, maa nde hiɓe iwta ka caangol, keenguuɓe ɓen wonaa yo fottu e gorko woo; "seemaa" maɓɓe aynitay fii ɗum e soobee. Keenguuɓe ɓen maa ardora ɗii sariyaaji e keenguyaagal ngal fow, e ma'anaa lebbi nay e balɗe sappo. Si hawrii keenguujo ko sowiiɗo, o ñannde o jibini o wuppata keengu. 2- Haaju ƴawo keengu ngon. Tuma lebbi nay e baldɗe sappo ko happaa kon timmi, keenguuɓe ɓen ƴawnee keengu bimmbi mum. Seemaa maɓɓe ɗowtaɓe ka caangol hoore subaka. Ɓe wuppa conci maɓɓe keengu ɗin, ɓe lootoo lonngal, ɓe ɓornoo conci kesi ɗi ɓe yooɓinoo, ɓe yiltitoo ka hoɗo. Hawra suddiiɓe ɓen no habbitii ɓe. Tawa hiɓe maranaa ñaameteeji. Ɓe jaɓɓoree sowru. Ɓe weƴƴitanee gatal ka suudu ndu ɓe heynii e mu'um. Ɓaawo ɗoo, ado keenguuɓe ɓen iwtude ka caangol, haray ronayɓe ɓen weƴƴitanii mo suɓii on gatal ka suudu ontigi. Ontuma yimɓe iwra baŋŋe fow salminngol keenguuɓe ɓen. Ñi'e ɗen senndee, jamaa on nafoo, ɓe du'anoo furee on, ɓe du'anoo ƴawuɓe keengu ɓen, ɓe du'anoo seemaajo on e suddiiɓe wallitiiɓe ɓen fow. Ɓaawo ɗum, ɓe waynitoo. Ontuma musiɓɓe faatiiɗo on yiitida: a) Fii senngugol ko faatiiɗo on acci kone no o wasiyori non, si hawrii o wasiyino; b) Fii gasayɓe hikkindirde e sonnaaɓe ɓe o acci ɓen; ɓ) Fii haldugol no aliyatiimaaɓe ɓe o acci ɓen dankonrtee. Ñannde ƴawo keengu on waɗi, suddiiɗo kala nattete ka mawɓe mum ɓen. Suddiiɗo goo ayyinee ko ɗowta mo. Gorko ardoo ɓe. Ko on hunoytoo laawol. Yahooɓe ɓen yooɓora kaɓɓe ɗiɗi goro, hara haɓɓere kala ko goro jeenay waɗaa. Haɓɓere aranere nden, ko nattirde suddiiɗo on ka mawɓe makko e battane dewgal ko wonnoo hakkunde makko e moodi makko faatiiɗo on. Ko ɗen gorooje wi'etee "nattirɗe paɗe mayde". Haɓɓere ɗimmere nden ko haɓɓere tororde. E ma'anaa, gorol faatiiɗo on no tortanii goɗɗo e miññiraaɓe, maa denɗiraaɓe faatiiɗo on, on suddiiɗo. Si hawrii ko haɓɓere hattirde tun yooɓoraa, haray ronoowo yaltaali ka gorol gorko faatiiɗo on. Ɗum ko firi, ko wonnde suddiiɗo on hettii hoore mum. Ontuma imminaaɓe ɓen wernee, ɓe jonnee nafakkaaji ko ɓe maranaa kon. Tuma ɓe gayni nafaade, ɓe jarna futuuɓe ɓen, ɓe du'anoo ɓe, ɓe waynitoo. Maandinen wonnde e sariya diina lislaamu, oo happu fii keenguyaagal ko waɗiraa, ko newinanngol suddiiɗo on no o resiree no newori (anndee o saawaa maa himo saawunoo kono o jibinii). Ko ɓurtugol yurminngol kadi faatiiɗo on. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa be danyee Mou haa nder Lewru Disamba Hitaande inudinere be caffan denai be duɓi saffo ɗiɗi 1912 Woyla Waladufuna deer Niiseriya babel Bauchi inaani. Mudauyimo Ɓalewa, Yakubu ɗan zala asali mako Gerewa Mudanyim, Pullo on denyiɗo Mako Hoɗunhuwa haales lamɗo lere, ɗon Haales Kamo Bauchi. Omayi Lagos. Jangugo/Andal Ɓalewa ufudɗi jangugo jangirɗe Qur’ani ha liddi Bauchi yake nasara wari lamuɓe jaggiɓe wakkere fombina yumɓe be inari be ɗomma maɓita horee ɓe yumɓe liddi waila. Ɓalewa oɗondeer bukkwai je ɗiɗi be yarbi ha jangirɗe elementary inuro Tafawa Balewa. Ɓawo otimmini jangirɗe Qur’ani. Daga ɗon usali liddi Bauchi. Kanka’on bana komai zaman mako wajangi ha kwaleji barewa ɗo Zariya yakeman ɓeded yaana ɗom katsina kwaleji yakeman owarti deer fukaraɓe lemere caffan inai be joi 145. Ahmadu Rabah, mauɓe andi ɓe indeman ɗo Ahmadu Bello, fukarojo marɗo lamba caffan ide tati de ɗidɗ bewo ɗon wodi duɓi ɗiɗi yake Abubakar Imam ɗon yeso mako duɓu. Kwaleji mendayi dum be bauchi badayi hakkuke moɓe be babal jirgi yiligo yumɓe yake shutare, ɗon kanjim’on de ɗiɗi. Ɓalewa yakeferee oɗon yaha kilomita lemere nayi gamyahugo saree. Woɗonyaha kilomita caffan inai 40 yaloma bagga odoɗa ushuta kauyee wani haako kombi mako yake yadu mako ɗuhusama balɗe saffo 10. Kwaleji liddi katsina woodi mallumin liddi Burtaniya, deer momɓe ɓeburi ɗuɗugo be jangi ha jangirɗe Burtaniya mauɗe deen ɓeheyi jangirɗe fere jami’a Cambridge be Oxford. Ɓe ɗe ikkitina be jangina ingilizi wakkere fere hundeman budɗo wakkere ikkitigo fukarabe man. Ɓawoko be andi ha ɗingal ingilizi jangirɗe mon inarti dee jangugo mallumin mauɓe lebe wawan yarbugo jangirɗe mon waila ha najeriya. Ɓalewa jangi duɓi doi duɓi inudinere be temere denai caffan etati-etati olori Bauchi wa’ikkitini ha jangirɗe middle school ha owarti mauɗo dangino. Siyasa/Farti Ɗuɓu 1946 besuubi Balewa mauɓe yumɓe waila leuru hadeer muftata hitaade 1947. Jonde mako bi majalisa ododi wadeɗtafa jonde jam ha yumɓe waila Najeriya. Waɗon ɓawo nebigo kwai yumɓe waila nebi liddi funbina gotel. Be ɗon wondi Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello kanko’on jogilamo Sardaunan Sokoto, betikgi jam’iyya siyasa be NPC yake cuɓol ha hitaade 1951. Be subɓi Balewa konko’on balittu janlamo jam’iyya ɓawoma odiffi ɗokorawan lamo, odiffi dola mo mako de jangirɗe sakandire ha bauchi. NPC ɓi hibɓi kuri’a man ɓuri ɗuɗugo ha majalisa man wakkere men litaade 1951. Kugal Lamo Man/Kugal Gubarnama Onesti lamo man hitaade 1952 darde minista kuɗe ɓawaɗon owarti minista kuɗeji yake Najeriya ɗottefa heɓugo lamo fatilago mayo jirgi liddi ɓese wai litti ɗum kamfani yake ɓetaski mahugo moyo neja yak ɓejuɗi betaski mahugo mayo Ka’inji. Firayin Minista Ɓawo NPC bi heɓi kuri’a ɗudɗum majalisa dessare ha Najeriya hitaade 1957 ɓelammini Balewa owarti firayin minista. Deertiɗal mako ohauti hore himɓe Najeriya gamyahigo yeeso kautel hore yumɓe Najeriya hitaade 1960. Olittigi kwamittin kautel hore fa’in National Council of Najeriya and Kamaru (NCNC), les lamu Nnamdi Azikwe deebo ina youn yumɓe hales lamu Action Group (AG). Balewa ɗuddagi lamo firanyin minista Najeriya yake Najeriya hibɓi lamo horemo hitaade 1960, ɓelori be subɓimo hitaade 1964. Hoddee hebugo lamo Najeriya, muftare mobɓe ɓe ɗon lara labi lamo hitaade 1954 inojaɓi hala lamo beno siyasa inoni ha nukkere man ha liddi inajaɓi ohikki liddima muftare siyasa nukkere. Haajande mako donde mako ha firanyin minista Najeriya, odari darɗe ha siyasa nukkere Africa o’ardi jagwarɗo hunde tilimɗum ha hautugo hore yumɓe Africa fudɗogo ɓeso birar kautel hore yumɓe hakkuɗe Najeriya liddi Africa bulwoɓe be ɗinga faranse. Deenbo wo ɗon balitta yumɓe ha hibɓago narral hore moi se tsombe, be hukuma liddi congo yake fitina ha congo hitaade 1960 inar 1964. Wa;ardini fitinaje obarnami bargo sharpeville hitaade 1960 deen bo osobiri be minista commonwealth yimɓe yiɗi Africa funbina be occa commonwealth hitaade1961. Darde mako de firayin minista Najeriya daga hitaade 1960 inari 1961, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa onnumi oburtini lamo minista oɗon hakkilana kowoni hayase woɗon kudindira be yimɓe commonwealth je ɓaido ɓeɗed yauna ɗum sungulla liddi yasi. Wailigo Lamo Ɓe wai litti lamo yake ɓebarimo yake soja inailitti lamo yande saffodoi 15 hitaade 1996 hautade ɓe lamɓe ɗubbe deer man be jadu mako Sir Ahmadu Bello. Nu’umayi man ha jotta be heftayi nu’umayiri. Ɓe heftayi gaware mako haserawul nastode legas balɗe jego ɓawo ɓemedimo ha lamo. Ɓe’iri gawore mako ha Bauchi. Habar bargumo mako ummini fitina ha waila najeriya ɓawora gare wailitti lamo wadɗi sanadi refugo e’yam leuru yuli hitaade 1966. Ɓe Mauninmo Gamlarugo tidal mako Balewa ɓe wati hoto mako ha cede naira je ceɗe Najeriya. Deen bo be watini jami’a inde Abubakar Tafawa Balewa gam mauningumo. Hitaade 1934, Balewa bindi deftare inde Shehu Umar ɓawo ɗon darde fijirde fim hitaade 1970. Leuru Janairu hitaade 1960, Molami Ingila Elizabeth ɗiɗaɓo walammini Abubakar Tafawa Balewa ɗarde kwomanda daula sere lamo Burtaniya ɓemedi hukkugamo lamba manugo be mauningo daga jami’a Sheffield ha leuru mayu hitaade 1960. Ɓe hokkimo lamba mauningo daga jami’a New York ha leuro yuli hitaade 1961. Ha wuro Owerri ha liddi Imo woodi hoto mako jeɓi saɓi. Teegal Yumɓe ɗon bawo do mako biyya du maimo be woyi ɗa hore mako. Wade mako deerko o’acci besare ha Bauchi, sare fetelgesa ɗon dau lawul yango kauyee Tafawa Balewa, otta’i roɓe nayi ɓukkwai mako saffoi jenai. Hiimobe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Pelaajo Naajeeriya Janngirɗe Kimiyyya be Fasahaji, Kano Janngirɗe Mangaje nder Kano. Be Mahi Janngirɗe ha gelle Wudil, Kano ha Naajeeriya. Taariki Fuɗɗugo Wuroman Ɓeeburtuni jami’a kimiyya be fasaha jee kano hitaade wujinere ɗiɗi begotel 2001. Gubarmo jee kano jeeyake saali Sanata Rabi’u Musa Kwankwaso kanko’in ɗauri ɓe tigga jami’a yake lamo mako hakkuke lamu wujinere gotel caffan ijenai be jenai hitaade 1991 worgo 2003 ɓewai litti inde jami’a jutta indeman hitaade man 2005. Nukkure-Nukkure Jangirɗe Man KUST Wudil ofuɗɗi jangugo beeli shaɗiɗi (wakkere ikkitigo remugo wakkere andigo kimiyya be fasaha) amma hande belise jego kanje’on: • Wakkere andal remugo • Wakkere andal kimiyya andal limigo • Wakkere numugo duniya be kimiyya bobal • Wakkere makanik • Wakkere andal kimiyya. • Kimiyya be andal fasaha. Hiimoɓe Janngirɗe Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Kano Jaangiirde Niger Delta (Niger Delta University, NDU) en Jaangiirɗe Laamorde Bayelsa de en yibi nder Willberforce Diiwal Bayelsa e lesdi Najeeriya. Janngirɗe ɗen e der jaangiirde diiddii mawde gonne nder Diiwal Bayelsa, didabreden ider gelle Yenagoa gelle mawdi Diiwal Bayelsa iwodi cibiti inare tefki jamu ekkitorde de en noddata inare tefki jamu de en ekkitata e Janngirɗe Diiwal Niger wonde der jamaare Okolobiri.. Inaje Jande Fere Fere Inare Demal e Durki Inare wodnuki diduki Inare rarki wolde nasara e wolwukide Inare Habaru e hautobe ko;e lesde Inare anduki bolwe e wolde Inare rarki e ekkitaki dina Inare kude tefki jamu/nyaube Inare cibiti nyautitaki nyinye Inare ilmu sekuki(fesshuki) Inare hautuki ledde Fadditaa Catégorie : Janngirɗe Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Neja Dalta Yobe Yo Diiwal nokka ghol nder Diiwal Borno, Lesdi Yobe, e nder diiwal gonde nder Woyla bo Fuhna leysɗi Naajeeriya, Diiwal Yobe e wodi jajirka e dudogar koyahri 45,502km. E dukki yimɓe bo ewodi lenyol yimbe 1,411,481 e limgal badgal denno dungu 1991. Diiwal Yobe yo lesdi maundi e hairine jamaare Damaturu. Mai Mala Buni hanko woni Lamido Ardido Diiwal Yobe ila subki ghol dungu ujineji didi e sappo e jowenain (2019) kowaddi joni. Ballitowi Ardugal Yobe hanko woni Alh. Idi Barde Gubana. Inde lardu Yobe hebama to wedu Komadugu Yobe. Diiwal Yobe sendeke inaje inaje tati, lesdi Fuhnaje, lesdi Hombinaje yoda e lesdi woilaje. Wokiltotobe dottien inajeden hambe woni. Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan wokilijo woilaen, Ibrahim Geidam wokilijo fuhna, Ibrahim Mohammed Bomai wokilijo hombina. Diiwal Yobe e hendi e keror larduje, Diiwal Bauchi, Diiwal Borno, Diiwal Gombe, e Diiwal Jigawa. Diiwal Yobe e hendi e keror lesdi Niger or Niiser. Habaru Hebaki Yobe Diiwal Yobe hebama jande 27 der leuru dubokkorde dungu 1991, Yobe henditama daga diiwal Borno, Fire ardugal sojien fire Janarjo Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida dum hendita ma gam tefki koidum ardugal e enajeden. Nyande 14 lewru ngangadi dungu 2013 arɗujo leysdi Naajeeriya modenno Goodluck Ebele Jonathan wadi heta wurtaki e yilaki der larduje Yobe,Borno, e Adamawa gam konu Boko Haram. Hukuma Pamarun Diiwal Yobe ewodi hukuma pamarun sappo e jewe ɗiɗi: Damaturu Gujba Gulani Tarmowa Bursari Gaidam Fika Potiskum Nangere Bade Jakusko Yunusari Yusufari Karasuwa Nguru Machina Lenyol Yimɓe hukuma pamarun Yobe e lenyol maɓɓe Yimbe Andabe E Yobe Ibrahim Geidam ardido lardu Yobe modenno jonibo hankone wokiljo dotti,en garije Yobe fuhnaje e lamorde lesdi Nigeria. Buba Galadima  imoder sekobe bindowo hautugal yimbe CPC. Bukar Abba Ibrahim mo ardujo Yobe modenno harhandema motefi ardugal lesdi Nigeria dungi 2017 les hautugal NNPP. Khadija Bukar Abba Ibrahim kore Bukar Abba Ibrahim hankone ardujo wakiljo jama,aje fuhnaje harjonima wokiljo  batowo gite douko watta e  der lesde yasiles ardugal Mohammed Buhari, jonibo wakiljo jama,aje fuhnaje Yobe lesdi Nigeria. Ahmed Lawan wokiljo dotti,en gonde woila bo hirna Yobe ila 1991 kowaddi hande, hankone maudo wokiljo,en dotti,en lesdi Nigeria. Honkone jewenayejo . Ibrahim Talba imoder hautome hore yimbe lesdi Nigeria fire Olusegun Obasanjo,hankone Ardojo lamorde Tikau Adamu Waziri kautowo hore yimme les kautogal PDP,Mowadi wokiljo tadibe shurobe lesdi Nigeria yoda,e ardujo jam datal, motifi ardaki lesdi Yobe les kautorgal PDP. Jamila Babayo hankone bindowo debbo arano gondo woila bo fuhna lesdi Nigeria hanko nyami mauninki rewbe BBC Hausare. Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Tontoh Dikeh (ɓe danyimo yende je 9 yeuru Yuni hitaade 1985) ɓengel fijirje ikkitigo ha Najeriya, yiimuwo’on bindo’on. Ɗime On Habar Mako Tontoh Dikeh kanko’on tati hadeer je ɗiɗi saroo kuɓe dani. Saroo inmako be Burtaniya Obio-Akpor je liddi Ribas, asalima ɓe yumɓe liddi Ikwerre yake umaru duɓi tati dada mako mayi kanjim wa’acci yeso baba mako. Andal/Jangugo Dikeh inajangi wakkere kila kilajo fiyobe kujeji jangirɗe hadeer Ribas. Teegal Bee Bukkwai Dikeh okti’i Oladunni Churchill bi as wakkere andigo al’ada maɓɓe leuro Augusta, duɓi 2015 baana leuro Fabairu duɓi 2016 waddanyi ɓingel mako wa’indi baby X. Firmiji maako Manga-manga fim mako Dikeh hautiɓe: Tea or Coffee (2006) Pounds and Dollars (2006) Missing Rib (2007) Final Hour (2007) Divine Grace (2007) 7 Graves (2007) Crisis in Paradise (2007) Insecurity (2007) Away Match (2007) Games Fools Play (2007) The Plain Truth (2008) Love my Way (2008) Before the Fall (2008) Total Love (2008) Strength to Strength (2008) Missing Child (2009) Native Son (2009) Dangerous Beauty (2009) My Fantasy (2010) Zara Dirty Secret (2010) Last Mission Blackberry Babes Re-loaded (2012) Secret Mission Rush Hour Fatal Mistake Family Disgrace Miss Maradonna Mortal Desire Criminal Widow 1 Criminal Widow 2 (2013) Then Terror of a Widow 1 (2013) Then Terror of a Widow 2 (2013) Battle of the Queens (2014) Throne of War (2014) Banndira binndi Rahama Sadau Ali Nuhu Hadiza Gabon Gimol Ɓawo kebɓal mako ha fim, Dikeh onnimi owarti bamba ɗo 0’arti andigo gimi mako ‘Hi’ begimol ‘Itz Ova’ Faɗɗitaa Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Naajeeriya Diiwal Borno gelle diiwal Borno e heddi e Woyla Faro Fuuna, Hautugo Naajeriya. Diiwal Borno e Wodii mangu leddi/lesdi jaaraidum Kilomitaje 57,799km, den diiwal ngal e wodi duduki yibbe/yimbe jaaraibe/jaaraibe adadu yimbe 5,925,668 e wurtinki limgal yimbe leddi di dubi 2006. Gelle Leddi/lesdi Maude nder diwal Borno nauyi e lamurde Maiduguri. Babagana Umara Zulum hanko woni Ardido diwal Borno farano subtol maako nder dungu ujineje didi e sappo e jowenain (2019) waddinki Joni de mi windata 2022, ballitowo gwamnajo’on hanko woni Usman Mamman Durkwa. Diiwal Borno e wodi kerol e diweje tati, , Diiwal Adamawa e fombina Diiwal Gombe e hirna Diiwal Yobe bo diwal ghal e Wodi kerol e lesde Niger, Kamaru, e Chadi. Hukuma Pamarun Lenyol Diiwal Borno e wodi lenyol poy Gaɗa lenyol huuɓa Lala-Roba, Tarjumo, Yedina, and Tedaga. Janngirɗe Mawɗe Janngirɗe Maiduguri Janngirɗe Diiwal Borno Jannguɓe hiiɓe Zakariya Maimalari Mohammed Indimi Kyari Magumeri Fiona Lovatt Shaykh Sherif Ibrahim Ibn Saleh al-Hussaini Abba Kyari Abba Kyari (soojeꞌen) Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Ibrahim Geidam arɗiɗo Diiwal Yobe mo denno jonibo hankone wakiljo dotti'en garije Diiwal Yobe fuhnaje e laamorde leydi Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Pelaajo Naajeeriya Catégorie : Pelaajo Yobe Yimɓe Naajeeriya Ahmed Ibrahim Lawan Wokilijo dotti,en gonde Woila bo hirna Yobe ila abli e jowe nain e jowe nain e go'o (1991) kowaddi hande, hanko wonj maudo wokilijo dotti,en lesdi Naajeeriya. Hanko woni moo jewenayejo . Bukar Abba Ibrahim mo ardujo Diiwal Yobe modenno harhandema motefi ardugal lesdi Naajeeriya duuɓi 2017 les hautugal NNPP. Hiimoɓe Pelaajo Yobe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Cuule rewɓe ko teddinngol paykoy doyoy. Si ko teelal, ko sunningol. Haajuuji fii cuule rewɓe no nanndi haa yaadi e cuule worɓe ɓen. Si no woodi ko serti e mu'un, haray ko ko yaari e fii yaagil ka jurnde ngol.Jiwoy betihoy koy kañun ko ka caangol yaadata e seemaaɓe maɓɓe ɓen. Telemma ñawndiingu maɓɓe ngun, ko haako hottollo kecco, wuugaako e hayre naaletee ka temmehoy. Ka ƴawtugol, betiiɓe ɓen ko yo towe nde hiɓe iwta ka caangol arta ka hoɗo, hawra hiɓe besitaa, saɗɗi, waɗi ŋannaaji e looce ndiima. Ɓe jaɓɓoree gimi e gami: "beti iwtii koorikoo", ɗum firti beti iwtii ka caangol. Sunninɗo on waɗanee piiji, o yeɗee ñiiri, o okkoree kaalisi, goro, lanɗam e ñaameteeji goo. Diiwal Taraba e nder leysdi Naajeeriya. Jalingo woni lamurde burde Maunuki nder diwal Taraba. Yimɓe gon be nder Taraba buri miliyanji nayn(4m) nder limgal (2006). Diwal Taraba e hauti no e Diiwal Adamawa ko lutti bo diweje den shendan ngam dum wurtini diwal Taraba, dum wurtini diwal ngal nder dungu (1996). Diwal Taraba e Wodi hukumomiji pamare kanje sappo e jowe go'o (16). Diwal ghal e Heddi e diweje Adamawa, Borno, Benue, Gombe. Mr Darius Isyaku hanko woni Ardido Diwal Taraba ko lutti sa'i 2015 waddinki joni de mi windata 2022. Hiimobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Hadiza Aliyu O jannja bana Hadiza Gabon mou danyamo nyalde 1 Lewru Korse duuɓi 1989. de Leysdi Gabon. Hadiza Aliyu mou Wadi inde der Fijo Yenmitki Hausare Leysdi Naajeeriya. Habaru jonde maako Mo da nyama der sare libreville der Leysdi Gabon komo warta lesdi Naajeeriya e jonde bawo mo nati jande den mo fuddi fim yenmitki , dottijo mako Indemako Malam Aliyu in tagu leysdi Gabon, innamakoba yo Pullo Adamawa, Naajeeriya. Ilmu Hadiza Aliyu yehi jangirde fuddore arane e didabre shakare der lesdi dimo danya Gabon. wo windi jarabku dum heinuki jangirde. Imoyidi mo lahto lauya ballowo sheri,a mo fuddi jande mako amma sai goddum wari lasi mo. Sai mowadi difloma e demgal Faransa den mo lati modibbo ekkitowa demgal faransa e jangirde shede. Mofuddi filmi yenmitki Hadiza Aliyu fuddi wurtaki der fim der balde bawoje bawo yahki mako lardu Adamawa Niiseriya haa Gabon, haa Adamawa mo witti Kaduna e jodde mo nahti der yimbe yemmitobe, mohebi sa,are fottuki e Ali Nuhu motorimo gam jaumirawo imoyidi mo nahta der reube yemmitobe. Hadiza Gabon fuddi wurtoyaki der fim dum inde Artabu, fitina. Ko mo lahati monyami yeeso Hadiza Gabon mo lahtake wokiljo MTN layi hautuki bolwe lesdi Nigeria den molahti wokiljo euro wadki indomie. Mo lahtake arano der reube yemmitobe. Mo heboyi dati wallitaki lakehol kol yayeji mayi. Bi etedum HAG Foundation. Filmi dun mo wurtoyi Hiimoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Hawsare Jaangiirɗe Maude Diiwal Rivers .(Rivers State University) (RSU) in jangirde gonde nder diobu der gelle fatakol. Diiwal Rivers e Naajeeriya jangirɗe den iwodi huwobe ko yahri yimbe 3000. Yoda e almajiri,en 22,400. der dubi 2017. Hairene jangirde arane de en ekkitata ilmu zaman e Nigeria. Hairene jangirde arane e inaje Niger Delta. Hairene de sappo e jowi 15 der jangirde maude lesdi Naajeeriya. Habaru Jangirde wailuki e nyibki Niger Delta hebama e dungu 1972. Koden hairene koleji etkitki e wailuki. Kangirdeden mauninama e dungu 1980. De lahti tonto enwatta degiri.haire ne jangirde de injabi hokka derewol timminki digiri e wailuki e nyibki. Inaje de in jangataa Ilmu kautirdum areji Ilmu tagaki Ilmu janguki bandu tagu Ilmu limki Ilmu jamga ga hore Ilmu durki Ilmu wailuki yoda e nyibki. Hiimoɓe Diiwal Niger e woila bo shaka leysɗi Naajeeriya. Diiwal Niger iwodi darde lesdi koyahri 76,363km yoda e lenyol kohayri 3,954,772 e limgal 2006. Sare Minna hairene sare maude der Diiwal Niger. Abubakar Sani Bello hankone Lamido ardido diiwal Niger state daga subki 2015 ko waddi hande, Ballitotodo Abubakar hankone Ahmed Mohammed Getso. Diiwal Niger state hauti keror e larduje jewe go,o hanjene sare maude hautirde Naajeeriya, Abuja, Diiwal Kwara, Diiwal Kogi, Kaduna, Kebbi yoda e Zamfara. Diiwal Niger wadi ardibe lesdi Naajeeriya fire ardugal soji,en fire Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, IBB yoda e Abdulsalam Abubakar. Befu en yimbe Niger state.haire sare niger state onn don Abubakar sani bello,Aliyu mu,azu babangida,Abdulkadir kure,musa inuwa Hukuma Pamarun Diiwal Niger iwodi hukuma pamare jarude sappande ɗiɗi e jowi (25), hukuma pamare mawɓe hanjene Chachanga, Bosso, den hukuma pamarun Bidda, Suleja, Kantagora. Agaie Agwara Bida Borgu Bosso Chanchaga Edati Gbako Gurara Katcha Kontagora Lapai Lavun Magama Mariga Mashegu Mokwa Munya Paikoro Rafi Rijau Shiroro Suleja Tafa Wushishi Lenyol Wolde demle mawɓe der Diiwal Niger hanjene; Footoo Janngirɗe mawɓe Janngirɗe mawɗo dow e Diiwal Niger mooɓa: Janngirɗe Ekkitinoore, Bida Janngirɗe Minna Janngirɗe Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida, Lapai Janngirɗe Ekkitinoore Diiwal Niger, Zungeru Jangirɗe FUT Minna Hiimobe Fulfulde Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal. Lesdi Gambiael e dii der African Diiwal Dow e leysɗi Niiseriya. Himobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Diiwal Kwara Dow e leysɗi Naajeeriya Himobe Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Maiduguri un ɗe kapital e ɗe gelle mawɗe ɗun Diiwal Borno nder woyla fuuna Naajeeriya. Ɓe gelle ɗen jottori e haade fotti ɗe hutaadewal ngaɗɗa maayo majjuugo e ɗer ɗe firki nutsiigo nder ɗe ariyawal e ɗawde weeɗu Chad (Lake Chad). Maiduguri ɗun tiggiɗum nder 1907 e ɗe ɓe konuuji taadol soljien yaasi challiɗun ɓeɗe Biritinkeejum e haa tun mawgu jawɗun hawti e ɗuuɗirka yottiɗe e milliyan hitaɗe 2007. Taarihawol (Distinore) Finnuɗum artuɗum Un ɗe wuro ngo ɓe kanem-Bornu laamaraɗe ɗum ƙarniji. Maiduguri ko cakka wala e mari ɗun kawtuɗi galluji ɗiɗi: yerwa e ɗe hirna e kiiɗum Maiduguri ɗeta fuuna. Yerwa un tiggama ɗer 1907 ɗemo ta Abubakar Garbai. Ɗun Borno eɗeɗaw kapital ɗum ɗe Laamorde Bornu. Jottoriɗe wooduni haa a gellel pamaarel annɗira no kalwa. Ɗun’un nastini ɓe eggoɗun ɓe kapital ɗe ɓe Koole'en (yimɓe Kanuri) daga Kukawa. Maiduguri kiiɗum un subtaaɗe Biritinkeejum (laamu boɗeejo) eɗe ɗun hore hawtirɗe soljien (konuuji) maɓɓe nder 1908 jottoriɓe jurɓiwal mafoni. E fottunɗe ɗumgu ɗum warti ɓe jottorɗe ɗun ɓe Biritinkeejum joɗani haa eɗow komislan British Bornu. Maiduguri lattaki gelle haa sai ɗe hebtuugo hoore. Nder 1957 Yerwa lattake ɗe titorɗe ɗe caka gelle ɗembo Maiduguri un eɗe jottori ferere e ɗau annnɗiraɗi fiitinɗe geɓol saare. Nder 1964 ɗe laawol jirgiwal les yajjinaama haa toona kannjum hakkariɗum lattaki mawɗum caka luumorɗe nder ɗe larɗiwal. Gelle ɗen no annɗira e ɗe hubbare ɗum diinu Islaama nder hirna Afrik ton. Maiduguri un go’o ɗun ɗer hukumaaje sappo e joowe wonti kawtuɗun laamorɗe e fuuna sawoji diiwal jottoriɗe diiwal Borno, Naajeeriya. Jihaadi Islaama Turin ɗe caka 1960, Maiduguri haari watani yaasi. Shole dunm godunm hunde ko innira en a bera en gatta gobe amajum ta aedunm wada tegal koh mangal ta dunm yarai debbo sudu gorikoh sai dunm watanamo adade mako dun kambo goga mada Doftooru Muhammadu Faalil Sih ko Moritaninaajo jibinaaɗo ñannde 23 siilo 1990 e wuro e nder Fuuta Tooro ene wi'ee Beelinaaɓe e diiwal Boosoyaa, maaɗum si tawii ko to feccere njiilgu Moritani ɗo ngo jeyaa hanndeɗoo, wi'en diiwal Gorgol. Ko ɗon o fuɗɗii janngude, ɓaawo o timminnde ganndal leswal makko, o yahi Kayhayɗi, laamorgo diiwal Gorgol o jokkoyi ton jannde makko hakkundeere haa o heɓi bakaloreyaa C (fannu Hiisawal). E hitaande 2009, o yahi Farayse fii jokkitagol jannde toowunde ka duɗal jaaɓi haaɗtirde CERGY-PONTOISE. E nder ko woni Farayse kon o janngi haa o heɓi Doktoraa makko. ko woni almuudo taskaaɗo e marude hakkil. O heɓi seedanteeje moƴƴinngol (mention-tres bien) e kala tolno seedanfaagu mo o waɗunoo. O heɓi kadi njeenaaje (prix) heewuɗe, yeru, "prix au merite en sciences par l'academie de paris". Dr Muhammadu Faalil ko hiisiweejo, wiɗtoowo e Hiisiwal, o jannginii to Jaaɓi haaɗtirde VIRGINIA USA. O wiɗtata fewndo oo saa'i ɗoo ko to duɗal mawngal wi'eteengal Imperial college London; himo gollida ton e Martin Hairer heɓɗo galan Fields e hitaande 2014 ( njeenaari ɓurundi toowude e nder hiisiwal) E 2014, doktoor Muhammadu Faalil waɗi eɓɓoore winndugol ganndal Hiisiwal e ɗemngal fulfulde ko adii fof tawo fii fennugol wi'ayɓe wonnde ɗemɗe Afriknaaje ronndaade miijooji toowuɗi, tentinii Hiisa. O yaltini deftere makko aranere wi'eteende "Binndanɗe hiisankooje", nde yalti gila 2016 to suudu muulirdu Papyrus Afrik.Defere ɗimmere nden yalti e 2020, nde tiitoode mum woni "Diiñorɗe" E nder ndee hitaande 2022, ñannde 13 4ɓuru, o yaltinii deftere hesere tiitoriinde "Ñoggande Silo Hiisiwo". E nder ndee deftre ɗoo, Ceerno on artanii en walla o addanii en Silo hiisiwo toowungo janngetoongo ka jaaɓi kaaɗtirɗe. Ɗum non golle no jokki haahan. Deftere makko tammere nden no ka lowre ɗoo: https://fr.calameo.com/read/0061239348bcae0488a87 Leydi Jordan e di der leyde larabanko en, leydi din edi der leydi kiide e der leyde larabanko en hairi woni leydi ffunaa faaroh chaaka leyde den edi wondi e Lebanon, Syria,plastine e luttude on nani habaru leydi Jordan sedda go. To pullo wadai bangal artai yara gaddeh, dagadonn dun yahai innadaridoo e are luttude wuro surbajo. Hay jooni eɗen njokki e nder yewteere kulle muumuteeje Hannden njewteten ko faati e noora (won wiyooɓe nooda maa ŋata maa gilaŋeeru). Nooda ko mummunte ɓurɗo waawude wuurde e nder ndiyam, Holko nooda ñaamta? Ina ñaama liƴƴi, e kulle ladde keewɗe, kala ko ɓadii maayo ngo noobi koɗi e mum, ina ɗaɓɓa ko yara, tawa noora ina suuɗii ley, so kullel ngel heddike e wedditaare, noora hawtoo wippoo ngel loƴa e nder ndiyam ɗam ñaama. Nooda ronkataa ñaamde hay neddaŋke, Holno fotti duuɓi nooda waawi wuurde? Nooda ina waawi wuurde haa duuɓi 70 yahde 100, Noodi holɗin ɓuri hulɓinaade? Noodi guurɗi e nder maayo Nil ɗin ɓuri heewde bone. Holno nooda dañirta ɓiɓɓe? Nooda ko huunde ɓoccinoore hono no Gertooɗe nih (cofe), So nooda ina ɓoccina mba yaltan e nder ndiyam, mba fewnoya nokku ɗo mba wonata haa mba ɓoccina. Nooda ina waawi ɓoccinde ko fotti boofooɗe 50. Nde mba ɓoccini, mba yiiltoo to maayo tawa woɗɗaani no feewi e nokkuure boofooɗe mba aynita sabu ina heewi kullon ngokkon, yeru eleldu (sagariwal) ngaroohon ngujja boofooɗe ɗee ñaama. Ɓikkon kon so timmii kon pusa boofooɗe ɗee hono colli nii kon njalta kon ngona e sirkude haa noora neeniraawa mba nana arana kon, naastina kon nder kuundagal mabba hoota e ndiyam. Ɗum tawan ɓiɓɓe ina mbaawi yinaade. Mbele nooda ina yaawi E yahdu? So nooda ina e nder ndiyam ina waawi yaawnaade haa 24 ma 30 km h. Mbele nooda ina waawi ɓooyde caggal ndiyam? Alaa ina tiiɗi nooda yawta waktuuji ɗiɗi caggal ndiyam. Holno teddeengal nooda fotti? Nooda teddeengal mum ina yotto ha 400/ 1000 kg. Kaɓirɗe nooda ko kaɓirɗe muusɗe jogiiɗe doole ñanguuɗe no feewi, Nooda ina jogii ñiiƴe 54 ñannguɗe no feewi so ŋatii no haaɗi sanne, weeɓataa woppude ko ŋati koo. Katin e ɗen ñiiƴe wootere kala solnde ina lomto(watito) haa laaɓi 45. Ɗemngal ko hito ngo neɗɗo yaltinta e hunnduko mum fii ɓannginngol faale. Ko haala ka yimɓe huutorta fii yewtugol hakkunde mum. Ɗemngal no wona kadi ngal teral wonungal e hunndduko, newinayngal feƴƴinngol ñaameteeji ka reedu. Ko kanngal kadi yaltinta hito maa haala ka neɗɗo faalaa ɓannginnde. Ngenndiyanke, ɗoofaa ko he wowlaandu « ngenndi ». So a nanii ngenndi noon, nganndaa ko wertaango leydi waɗanaango keeri, heftinaago heftiniraa innde e laamu keeriingu, waɗde renndooji yimɓe. Ina gasa wonde tawa ngenndi ndii ko leñol gootol tan hoɗi heen ; ina wona kadi tawa moɓolal leñɗi ɗi njiydaa ciirol ndenndi njeyi ngenndi ndii. Ngarten e wowlaandu « ngenndiyanke » nduu. So a nanii neɗɗo noddiraama jooftinaa e ngenndiyanke, anndu wonnde ko o neɗɗo daraniiɗo ngenndi mum. Mbo alaa ko fotndi he ngenndi mum. Ngenndiyanke e giɗo leñol seerndi ɗum ko gooto e maɓɓe ko ngenndi mum no diidorinoo haɓantoo. Mbo jaɓataa jojjanɗe jibinande ngenndi ndii tikñee. Yimɓe ngenndi ndii fof ndenndi poti he makko, hay leñol o wuurontaako. Giɗo leñol heewi yiɗude ko leñol mum tan. Hay so o añaani leñɗi goɗɗi ɗii, o wonataa goƴaaɗo ngoƴa ɗiin leñɗi. Toranto Dun Galle Der Canada Julde Suumayee, ko nyalannde hiwrondi- ral e welowelo Mawngo wonani julɓe hooruɓe ɓen. Nden juldeere no humii e sunna Nulaaɗo o Muhammadu. E haala aarabu, ko nden juldeere wi'etee "Iidul Fi- tri", e ma'anaa juldeere taƴirde korka. Ko ñannde go'o Juldaandu juuletee. Ɗum hawra ka ɓaawo balde noogay e jeenay maa cappanɗe tati Suumayee. Juulugol ngol. Ñannde weetay juulee , ka futuroo, julɓe ɓen fow ndaaray kammu ngun ka hir- naange. Si lewru ndun yi'aama, tabalde tappee fii no jamaa on fow humpitora. Ɗum, laaɓanay fow wonnde bimmbi mu'un ko julde. Haray anndaama kadi- wonnde naafetaake e nden jemmaare ɗon. Suddiiɓe ɓen fuɗɗoo kisan hebula- naade fii "tayrudi“. Bimmbi, no subaka juuliraa, julɓe ɓen fottanii ka ɓe woowunoo huntaade ɗon, ɓe ñaama haa ɓe haara. Ɓe weltanoo Allaahu, ɓe yetta Nulaado makko Muhammadu, ɓe du'ondirana si ɓe seeda. Mobee yiltoo ka mu'un eɓɓa no yaara iidi. Conci kesi ɗin, e paɗe e anngiri ɗaɓɓitee. Mobee lootoo, wattoo, urnoo hara no hawji, tentinii rewɓe ɓen e pakoy koy; hara welowelo fii julde nden no yi'oo ka yeeso mokala. Ko ontuma ñeeñuɓe (awluɓe, jeli, lawɓe, ekw..) yaata askugol lamɓe maa hooloraaɓe hoɗo ngon ka dammbuɗe cuudi maɓɓe, tamawu heɓugol goɗɗun juuɗe maɓɓe. Ka ƴoƴugol walluhaa, tabalde nden tappee, fokkitee ka iidi. Hawra fow gaynii lootaade, wattike kesi mu'un ɗin. Tabalde nden otta kadi nde tappee yawnuɗe fii yo julɓe ɓen yaccin yahugol ka iidi, e ma'anaa e nokkuure ka juuletee ɗon, maa ka jaamiwu si ndiyam no arde. Ko Julnoowo arano on julnata. Duhiiɓe ɓen saffinoo yeeso, suddiiɓe ɓen saffinoo ɓaawo maɓɓe. Saffaaji ɗin sukka, ɗi fewnee, walbo juggoo e walbo. Julde nden ko nde darɗe ɗiɗi. Darnde aranere nden ko nde kabbiraali jeeɗiɗi. Ɗimmere nden ko nde kabbiraali jowi, ɗi julɓe ɓen fillitotoo ɓaawo Imaamu on ado sujjeede. Tuma salminaa, julɓe ɓen lutta toolaade. Julnoowo on waɗa kutuba. Julɓe ɓen jentoo kutuba on e hoore needi, nde wonnoo ko waaju fii peewal. Lamɗo on maa yeesoojo on ka dawla, ƴetta konngol kanko kadi, fii humpitugol jamaa on piiji ko nafata ɓe, o jarna mbatu julɓe benu. Ontuma jamaa on sennditoo pecce ɗiɗi. Feccere aranere nden ka tawata julɓe no ukkondiri e ñeeñuɓe natta lamɗo on haa ka makko. Tuma fijaa ka galle makko haa juuti, tawaaɓe ɓen okkoree ñaametee, ɓe nafoo. Seedaama wo tuma juulugol fanaa fewndii. Feccere jamaa ɗimmere nden natta imaamu on haa ka makko. E fii yahugol iidi arta ka mu'un, jamaa on no jikkinori rewugol e laawo ka yahugol, artira e laawol go'o. Ka yahugol, ootigi jokkita imaamu on e jantagol: "Laa ilaaha illallaahu, Allaahu Akbar!" Sakkitoree gimi e fami. Digidolloore juldeere nden yahay haa wa jonte tati. Goreeɓe ɓen wadya kawtite. Mo kala defa nelda weldiɓɓe mu'un. Kirle waɗee e nokkeeli fotuɗi woɗɗitiiɗi koɗooli e binnde caangol maa ka luumo watta maa ko wa'i wa ɗum. Ko ɗen kawtite wi'etee "lannjo", ka fijindaaruuji waɗetee, ka ñi'e defetee, yimee, amee, ƴaanere e keekooji mu'un weeɓitee, e ko wa' i wa ɗum. Hiiree haa weeta. E nder ɗen jonte ɗiɗi haa tati, Qur'aana janngetaake. Karannden e almuɓɓe yaha "ngurte" (maa "gurte"). ''Lesdi Indonesia galleji Maudeji din. Ndumsa (maa ndunsa), keewal mum ko dumsi, ko kuullel ladde.Innde mum fottanaande e ganndal kuulle ko Kobus ellypsiprimnus. Tawetee hannde ko he lesdi ɓaleeri. Ko duroowel jemma, woɗɗotaako ndiyam. Nagge mum wa'i ko no nagge wuro nii. Alaa galaaɗi (luwe). Ko ngaari mum ndii waɗi galaaɗi. Ngaari-ndumsa ana wi'ee kadi paparaari-ndumsa. Ana siiwɗa to baŋŋe wutte oo, ana ɓalwa, ana furɗa wano cefe na'i nii. Ko noon ndumsa siforii. Ana jibina kala saanga. Ngaari-ndumsa rewan e nagge mum wano nagge wuro nii, nagge ngee rima caggal lebbi jeenay. Ndumsa ana waɗi holsere. Wo leɗɗe kecce e huɗo durata. Ɓuri heewde hoɗde ko e farooji. Ko barooɗe, cewɗi (buutooji), pobbi (bonooji) keewata sonngude ɓikkon kon ñaama kon. Ndumsa so mawnii ana waawi dogude ko yahata wa 63 km e nder waktu gooto. Wo ɗuum waɗi newanaaki kuulle ñaam-teewuuje ɗee nanngude ɗum. Kono noon yimɓe ana mbaaña ndumsa mbara ñaama teewu nguu. lome Dun Galle Der lesdi Togo Mamudo dun gelle der hukuma pamarun Pataskumo. E nder Diiwal Yobe inde Lamiɗo gellel gel hanko woonii Mohammed Yelwa e mo doon e nder gellel gel faro wayla Barwal e ta hirna gelle denn. Mamudo e ɗon mari bikkol ledde kamano mangoroje e araraje den e goibaje den bo ewoodi juggol mangol e faro fuuna gellel gel. Lencitaaki Gelle Yobe Naajeeriya Diiwal Yobe un areji godudi der chemistry Diiwal Benue ɗun diiwal ɗer hawtugo Naajeeriya. E gal woodi mangu lesdi kamani kilomita 34,059km e ɗuuɗuki yimɓe 4,253,641 e limgal ɗuuɗirka yimɓe gal nduungu 2006. Gelle mawɗe diiwal gal honje gonii Makurɗi Samuel Ortom hanko wonii Arɗiiɗi diiwal gal tun e subtugo nduungu gu 2015 haa waddi hanɗe. Ballowo arɗiiɗo hanko wonii Beson Abounu. Sanata en diiwal gal hanɓe goni David Mark, George Akume e Barnabas Andyar Gemade. Fiyoɓe bawɗi denno ɓe Benuwe Jangoɓe ɓe Benuwe Diiwal Benuwe gal hawti kerol e diiwe hajewe go o kanje gonii; Diiwal Kuroos Riba, Diiwal Ebonyi, Diiwal Enugu, Diiwal Kogi, Diiwal Nasarawa, ɗen e Diiwal Taraba. Hukumaji Pamarii ’Lesdi Togo' un lesdi Der lesde [Afrikaans]. Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida GCFR ɗun danƴiimoo 17 gu Juko duuɓi 1941) un janarjo ɗembo un gimɗo subtugo (siyasaje) mo gaɗɗo ritaya e tadugal sojien Naajeeriya, molattake ardiɗo lamu ɗun soji ɗun Naajeeriya gada 1984 ha yari jippaki mako e 1993. O waaɗi jogago mauɗo hafsajo sojien gada 1984 yaahri 1985 mowaaɗi ko faago yeso e waadgo tetukii lamu e goɗɗun wailutuki lamu ɗunn ɗun wanni Muhammadu Buhari e jodorde mu. Danyeki Mako E Mangu Mako Dun danyi Ibrahim Babangida e yalde 17 dun leuru Augusta 1941 e Minna daido mo kanko woni Muhammed Babangida den e danyu domo debbo Aisha Babangida [1]mo jangi jande islamiyya komo fudda jande fiiramare gada 1950 yahri 1956 [2]. Gada 1957 yahri 1962 Babangida mo halartaake kwaaleji gommnatire de Bida hauti e sobirabe jande mako Abdulsalami Abubakar, Mamman Vatsa, Mohammed Magoro, Sani Bello Garba Duba Gaado Nasko e Mohammed Sani Sani [3] Babangida nastii kugal solja [Naajeeriya]e yalde 10 dun leuru Disemmba 1962 demmo yahra kwaaleji forakii sojien be [Naajeeriya] gonduun Kaduna. Babangida jabi komondor maudun edau laftanar kanal diidabo (2)edau maudo maube be hande e kadeye eder mobgal sojien [Naajeeriya]Dun lammbawol N/438 gada jangirde sojien de India e yalde 26 dun leuru Satumba 1963 [4]. Babangida yarama jangirde sojien de Indiya gada Afirilu yaahri Satumba 1963 mo laatake komondajo mo go,o (1) Reconnaissance squadron gada 1964 yaahri 1966 . Gada Janairu 1966 yaahri Afirilu 1966 Babangida mo yaahi jangirde younger officers course gal Royal Armored Center gonduun Buritaniyya dembo mo heebi fareki dau fiduki bindigaru e motawa sulkewa Saladin [5] Dunn fiyi laftanar Babangida on hauti e hautugo yurnotobe ko suddi e lesdi dun 1 e Kaduna denmo tabbitinii gaduje gadade e walluutugo lamu ego dun waadii e dungu 1966 gangudun waadii sanadu fadduki Sir Ahmadu Bello hauti e wabbe hafsaen e dubbe gada woila Naajeeriya mo yaahi wailutugo lamu dunn leuru Yulii eles Ardugal Murtala Muhammed sissutudo lamu gu e janar Aguiyin Ironsi mo wattiri inare mako e yakubu Gowan. Hiimobe Shelleng Doum Hukuma Pamarun (LGA) ɗen Diiwal Adamawa Woila Faro Fuuna Naajeeriya. Hukuma Pamaren ɗun eɗun Waadii Kerol e Hukuma Pamaren Guyuk e Girel ɗen ɗun Mari gelleji e Sareji Baana Kiri, Boɗwai, Gundo, Jambul, Shelleng Limbu, Ketembere, Dunge, Boburo, e Tallum. Hukuma pamarun shelleng eɗi woodi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 190,671 hautie. Geɓere eɗe woodi ɓiyii leiyi fere-fere kama Fulɓe (Fulani) lala Kanakuri, Kiri, e Bura. Demgal Bura gal go’o eta ɗer ɗemle e ɗeɗun wolwirta e ɗunɓe hukuma pamarun ɗun shelleng enan bo ɗun ɓurii wowuuki hutirki e duna kirista’en e ɗun julɓe e inaje ɗen kumfe anɗaɗe ɗeɗun waɗii ɗer hukuma pamarun ɗun hauti e humturu mendamo enon e huɗeji ko waaɗa ɗer inaje ɗen ɗun hauti e dam kiri e jiyorde shelleng cottage. Habaru Hukuma pamarun Shelleng eɗun woodi yajirke leydi keutuɗun kilomitaje 1,359 ɗenbo edi wodi e shakashake gulɗun ɓano ɗun 32`c. Eɗun waadi jiiki e weeɗuu shadii Basin ɗen eɗun wodi juggolkiri e Gongola eɗun yahaita eta ɗer inare ma. Hautude Jaudi Nanguki liyyi e durgol marle un kuuɗe ɗe hautugo jaudi hauti emarle gure Bano (kamani) Naii, Beii Gelooɗi e Bamɗi e ɗiɗun Durata ɗun soraa e ɗuɗɗi ɗi ɗer inaje ɗen. Hairii ma hukuma pamardi ɗin ɗun wuuro e faanu luɓe ɗun alfanu gonɗun ɗun koshu ɗuun e luɓe ɗe damma inaje ɗe ɗun soda edun sora e areji fere-fere ko lutti hautugo jaudi ɗin bo e mare inaje hukuma pamarun shelleng ɗun ɓe gaɗii ɗun hauti ha e wanshuki, Geheji e luuɓeji. Eɗun hutira e Damɗun kiri faro heɓuki diyam jaram (ɗun yarata) Gamma demol enareɗen. Faɗɗitaa Hukuma Pamarun Adamawa Naajeeriya Kukawa (e ɗenno kuka) Doum gelle Denbo Doum Hukuma Pamaren e Diiwal Borno eta Woila Faro Fuuna Naajeeriya jiki e weeɗuu Chadi. Ɗun tiggi gelleɗen ɗer ɗungu 1814 gam hautirde daulaji kanem-Bornu e mauɗo Moddibo julɓe ɗenbo Ardiɗo konu Muhammad Al-Amin Al-kanemi Gaɗa dooaaki mauɗo gelle shaiiɗo Ngazargamu. Gelle eɗe goadi woɗugo himariji lataki maji go’o eta ɗer depporde fombinare ɗe lawii lumo hakkuɗe sahara yarii tripoli. Central square ɗun 1851 jamusankejo mo jiitowoo Heinrich Barth ɗen mo hoɗori gelleɗen eɗungu gu 1851 jottiɗo gada tripoli emo teta omtugo lumo e tuuranko’en e linyituki Afirika, ɗen e ɗer 1892 goɗɗo ɓigi farancer jiitawo Parfait Louis Monteil, goonɗo bano ɗarawo keri gonɗi hakkuɗe geɓe hirna ɗun hokori Afirika Faransenkare e Inglankore lamiɗo konu Sudan Rabih Az-Zubayr mo teti gelleɗen hauti mo laggimo (Riwii) e ɗungu gu 1902. Distinare gelle ɗen ɗun ɓuri ɗun hande mangu sosai koɗun turanko’en ɗonoɓe lamuɓe yumii ɗuɗirka maɗɗe yari 50,000-60,000 eta gaɗa ƙarnu ɗun sappo e jewenayi. Gelleji gonɗi ɗer hukuma pamarun Kukawa ɗun hauti e cross kauwa e Baga amma wala wonɗe inare ɗe ɗun noddata Kukawa hai hukuma pamarun Kukawa. Eɗe ɗer eta hukumaji pamari sappo e jewego’o lattiɗi lamorɗe Borno diiwal gal ɗenno gongal diiwal Borno ɗun Najeriya. E yalɗe ɗun leuru Janairu 2015 Arɗiɗo jogiɗo tummuɗe hukuma pamarun Kukawa Musa Alhaji Bukar Kukawa e relluɓe yoppi norde muu’en yari Maiduguri kononi fuɗɗuki baki faɗɗuki ɗahi ki ɗun waɗi e Baga ɗin ɗungu 2015, mo noddi ɓe lamu hautugo e ɗun ɓeddi kuɗe faro kuɗe soji’en gamma ɗun yi’a ɗun hebi jonɗi jam ɗe ɓe bawata ɓe kota gure maɓɓe ɗun waɗɗi gokki hissuki nauki e Kukawa e leuru Yuli 2015 shapponje yimɓe Kukawa ƙungire nangi gogi e geɓel hirna Afirika e leuru Augusta 2020 yimɓe miliyan ɗiiɗii ɗelli yoppinarde mu’en e Borno. Hiimoɓe Abadam Doum Hukuma Pamaren nder Diiwal Borno Naajeeriya Doum Fuuna Weɗuu ɓela Chadi. Hautirɗe ɗen eɗa ɗer gelle Malum Fatori. Eɗi woodi geɓeɗe 3,973km2 e ɗuɗirka yimɓe 100,180 limgal 2006. Lamba wuro noddirga geɓel gel hanka woni 602. Eɗe go’o eɗer hukumaji pamari sappo e jewe go’o e ɗun latiɗun lamorde Borno, diiwal gal ungal areji naneneno Borno ha Najeriya. E leuru Oktoba 2014 honoɓe Boko Haram ɓe teti gelle Abadam ɗenbo ɓe paɗɗi yimɓe bano 40 amma ɓe ɗoggi gaɗa honugo gen e honobe hautugo koppi ɗun leydi e leydi (MNJTF) ɓe yarani ɓe. Dun tefi joɗeɓe inare ɗen latiɓe woɓɓe maɓɓe unɓe doggudu ɓagol yari dau kerii Niijar e ɓe garta. E yalɗe 2 ɗun leuru Fabarairu 2015 mobgal soji’en Najeriya ɓiyi ɓe jaɓi (tetogi) Abadam e jungo biɓɓe Boko Haram hauti e gelle Gamboru e Mafa e Mallam Fatori ɗen e Marte gonɗun haade e maɓɓe hala goɗɗun laggodu hautugo koppi e soji’en Najeriya eɓe Kamaru ɓe gaɗi e honoɓe kaya danejun ɗen e balɗe tatii kone-koni ɗe Chadi. Goɗɗun hari bam ɗun ɗunyari eta dau ɗun feshifeshshini e shaka wonɗe jonɗe maide ɗunɗun naunii yimɓe 27 hauti e fuɗɗugo yimɓe 37.Haidai bo Ardiɗo rumfaru ɗotti en diiwal Borno Baba kak Garbai mo wiii e leuru Fabarairu 2016 wiki ha ungiyare ɗen jogi e Abadam majoor janar Lucky Irabor mobo hollini der leuru August 2016 wiki Abadam e ley Ardugal honoɓe. Hiimobe Hukuma Pamarun Borno Naajeeriya Chibok Doum Hukuma Pamaren Diiwal Borno Naajeeriya gonɗun Fombina Diiwal. Hautirɗe Magal e ɗer gelle Chibok egal wodii geɓeɗe 1,350km2 e ɗuɗirka yimɓe 66,105 e limgal 2006. Woɓɓe ɓem hamɓe kibati ɗun lasgol ɗuɗirka sareji ɗin fun eɓe bolwirai wolde kibatu e ɗe go’o eɗer hukumaji sappo e jewego’o lattiɓe lamorde Borno. Diiwal gal araɗennoɗun diiwal Borno woyla faro hirna Najeriya. A leuru Janairu 2015 hautaɗe Bring Back Our Girls holli damaki muɗun dau siryaki chukuma subgo joɗorigo haremun ɗun leydi (INEC) waɗi ɗun ittuki gelle Chibok e woɓɓe Alumaji e ɗun jonɗe hanɗe geni leg Ardugal Boko Haram gada jabgo ɗeregel subgo ɗun wonnatako (PVCS) e subgo maugo 2015. Boko Haram E leuru Afrilu 2014 jiiki ɓiɓɓe rauɓe 300 latiɓe ɓurɓe ɗudgo un Kirista’en Boko Haram wujjiɓe gada Chibok. E leuru Mayun 2014 ɗun Boko Haram ɓe ɓeddi (shakiti) yaruki honu ɗer gelle Chibok. E leuru Nuwamba 2014 ɗun hollini wiga Boko Haram teti gelle hauti e hutirka e shari’ah julɗaku gaɗa balɗe seɗɗa ɗen soji’en anɗinii wego ɓe tetoyi gelle ɗen. Hiimobe Akwa Ibom ɗun diiwal dow leysɗe Naajeeriya. E gal wodii yajirka leyɗi kamani kilomita 7,081km e ɗuɗirka yimɓe 5,450758 limgal yimɓe gal ɗungu 2016. Gelle mauɗe ɗiiwal kanje goni Uyo. Arɗiɗo Udom Emmanuel hanko woni ardujo diiwal Akwa Ibom tun shuɓgal dungu 2015 haa waddi hanɗe. Ballewo Ardujo on hanko wonii Moses Ekpo. Sanata en diiwal hanɓe ke Bassey Akpan, Godswill akpabio e Nelson Effiong. Diiwal Akwa Ibom gal wadii kerol e diiwal Tatii Kanje gonii Abia, Cross Rivers e ɗenbo Rivers. Huɗeji Akwa Ibom Hukumaji Pamarii Abak Eastern Obolo Eket Esit-Eket Essien Udim Etim-Ekpo Etinan Ibeno Ibesikpo-Asutan Ibiono-Ibom Ika Ikono Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Ini Itu Mbo Mkpat-Enin Nsit-Atai Nsit-Ibom Nsit-Ubium Obot-Akara Okobo Onna Oron Oruk Anam Ukanafun Udung-Uko Uruan Urue-Offong/Oruko Uyo Hiimoɓe Diiwal Ebonyi ɗun diiwal gongal ta fombina faro funnaa hautugo Naajeeriya. E gal woddi ɗuɗirka jairi faandaade kilomita 5,533km e ɗuɗirka yimɓe kamani 2,476,947 gun limgal ɗuɗirka duniyaru (yimɓe) gal dungu 2006. Gelle mauɗe den kanje goni Abakaliki. David Umahi hanko wonii arɗiɗo diiwal gal e shuɓgal gal 2015 ha waddi hanɗe. Ballowo arɗiɗo on hanko wonii Erik Kelechi Igwe. Sanata en diiwal hamɓe gonii Sam Egwu, Sonni Ogbuoji e Joseph Ogba. Olumoo e Ebonyi Diiwal Ebonyi gal hauti kerol e diiwe nayi kanje gonii Diiwal Abiya, Diiwal Benuwe, Diiwal Kurosriba e Diiwal Enugu. Hiimoɓe Catégorie : Diiwal dow e Naajeeriya Potiskum (Pataskuumo) ɗun go’o e ɗer hukumaji pamarii ɗi ɗer Diiwal Yobe, ɓurɓe ɗuɗuki joɗiɓe gelle ɗen ɗun Karai-Karai en e goɗɗen bolle fere-fere e ɗen hautuɓe e Ngzim, Kanuri, Bolewa, Pullo, Ngamo, ɗen e goɗɗe bolle ɗuɗɗe Pataskumo hanjun wonii ɓurɗun yimɓe ɗuɗɓe e ɗer diiwal Yobe. Gelle ɗe yimɓe ɗer muɗun anɗira sore-sore (luɓe) turotoɓe motaji, wayilɓo e remoɓe. Hukuma pamarun ɗun e ɗun mari yimle jangirɗe famgo ɗun hautugo e ɗer majun. Jangirle mawɗe ɗe hukuma pamarun Potiskum Federal College of Education (Technical) Potiskum College of Administration and Business Studies Al-Ma’arif College of Health Science and Technology Sunnah College of Education Potiskum Notion Computer Training Institute Federal Government Girls College Government Science and Technical College Government Girls Science and Technical College Government Day Secondary Schools Fika Government Secondary School Kononii Lumoo Potiskum un gelle anɗaɗe e kononii lumoo ɓurɓe ɗuɗuki joɗiɓe eɗer galle potiskum un wuɗo ɓe lumo.hanjun waɗi e waɗi inaje mauɗe ɗeɗun yata eɗun warta e ko nonii lumo. E gelle nangu ɗaga lumo maugo lumo jiyge inare eɗun sarata eɗun sadata marle (dabbeji) lumagauri luma maugo yamowo yanɗe Lahdi, luma NPN ɗer gelle ɗen e ko luttifu. Inare E Girgiinal Dau Jippoto Potiskum Inare girgiwal ɗau jippeto e ɗun gure GRA ɗun ɗer gelle da e ta hirna gelle ɗen ɗau barwal atal kano. Ofisji hukuma ɗarojun e ko wani ɗau ɗun Naajeeriya (NAMA) ganɗun ɗenɗon inare latiɗun kamatiɗun hoshugo tedduɗun yottinki lilal e ko yata e warta girgije e girgije gaɗo jeko filaki e dou ɗun ɗuɗa kugal saboe nauraji guɗaɗi e inare ɗi kuwata. Inare ɗen dai ɗe yiɓama ne e wakkati turanko en lamo to ɓe lamu semɓe wannuɓe lardi Afirika sis-shuki gamma Potiskum. Ɗun gelle jauɗe faro faruki yeso e ɗuɗuki yimɓe e wola lesɗi gamma ta artuɗun jamus arti howi gelle gel ko ingila teta lamu geɓɓel gel. Ko waɗi ɗun yiɓi inare girgiwal ɗen ɗun heɓai yaugo yile-yile hurnere ranere e bor e yasi potiskum ɗenbo nan gelle gel lattake yolɗe nattirgo goɗɗe gelle gonɗe jiki (hade) e woila lesɗi ɗin ko ɓeɗɗi mauninki lumo gon e inare ɗen. Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Yobe Madagali (e ko madagali) Doum Galle e Hukuma Pamaran nder Diiwal Adamawa ɗun Naajeeriya faro e ɗau kerol e leysdi Kamerun ɗun tiggi hukuma pamarun ɗun e ɗungu lagi wakkatire ɗe ɗun hebni Diiwal Taraba ɗer Diiwal Gangola. Eɗun waɗii kerol e Michika e ta woila Askira Uba ta hirna, hukuma pamarun awoza ta fembina e jamhiriyar Kamaru eta funaa. Ewoɗii leyyi ɗuɗɗi amma Fulɓe (Pullo) mabo ɗer margi hanɓe ke mauɓe ɗemle leyyi. Mauɗe sareje Madagali hanje Gulak e Chuwa. Madagali heɓi barka leyɗi ɗi barka gaɗori yimɓe yollo ɗer kuɗe ɗemal. E leuru satumba ZOR honoɓe ɓe lamu Naajeeriya ɓe paɗɗi gaɗɗo mauɗo ɓe Bokoharam ɗer Madagali ɗer ɗun nangi yimɓe e yodun fere ɗun operation sare samity" Boko Haram ɓe tetti' Galle ɗer e leuru Augusta 2014 leuru satumba 2014 joɗi ɓe galleji Madagali Gulak e Michika ɗe ɗaɗi hagarigoɗɗe gureɗe ɗau yole ɗerbo e galle muɓi. Gamma honoɓe saji en shaiɗorii ɓe fuiiti tetugo galle ɗer faro juɗe hanoɓe ɓen. Hiimoɓe Hukuma Pamarun Adamawa Naajeeriya Michika (mwe-cika) Doum Galle Boɗen Doum Hukuma Pamarun eta Diiwal Adamawa Doum Naajeeriiya, Hanjun Lati Hautirɗe ɗe Hukuma Pamarun(2) Eɗun nɗer Woila Diiwal ɗenɓo. E gal ɗau ƙeroti dari ɗau eta anɗaɗe inare yilaki umtuki gite ɗun mcedigyi ta vecemwe Rhumsiki ta Kameerun mwecika (Michika) hange goni gelleɗe nayi ɓurɗe maugu ɗer Diiwal Adamawa. Distinirde Dun tiggi hukuma pamarun michika ɗer dungu 1976.Eɗi wadii kerol e kautuɗi kamaru eta funa eɗau kerol mari ta woila Ewoɗi hukuma pamarun Madagali ɗer edun waɗi kerol e hukuma pamaru Askira Uba edi oiiwal Diiwal Borno Eta hirna. Ta woila bo edi wadii kerol e hukumaji pamari mubi eta woila e hong. Bial Michika hangal woni bonnigal gaddagal Bial Kamwe don mweche-cika hanji goni Bial kamwe gan dlistaki ɗir deuugo. Distinambe ɗennogaɗa holli wigo ɗin tiggi michika(mwe-cika) E sagitigo karnu ɗua 15 ta koe noyema ɗunɗun latiɗun molamu ɗimba ganshowo mo ganshai yolde e Michika (3) inɗe Michika (mwe-cika) heɓoma gada artuɗun wiki mule che cika Rakwada kwaa anɗuɓe ɗistinaje e hiɓe kwame Eɗe fussaro koyari golde ɗeɗun ko e semɓe ma dillirɗo e suɗɗisuɗɗi gamma wanchoɓe. Eta ɗun ɗusti ɗun koyari mueche cika eta ɗemgal denbo gal muechika(michika)Idris kalooma lamiɗo suatien ɗun karnu sappo e g jewe golomo wii yari Michika (Michika) ɗembo gimɓe kamue e ɗer odyssey (4) Nonbo Henrich bath molishtowo leyɗi jamus e ɗer ɗerewol mako tralle in Afrik (yudu ɗer afarika) gol ɗun hanɗini e 1850 mo winɗi kononi daraki yimɓe Kamwe ɓe Michika. There are about 26 chiefdoms and 84 villages around the mountainous ranges. Michika e wodii geɓe jene nagi. Watau joɗerde Michika, jodorɗe Nkafa, joɗerde madzi joɗerde futu joɗerde garta joɗorde Bazza/bandulla/jakwa joɗerde zah/Ghye joɗorɗe ui/Bokka e jodarɗi sina/kamale,wolde Dakura ɗenbo e ɗun noddiraɗe e Bazza lati hanjun woni lonnuɗun ɗimɗe wolde margi pazza ɗuɓbe maɓɓe ɓe ijjitinidato ɗun e higi ɗenbo e ɓe giɗi wanchugo ganchu e gaɗa waduki jukire e jukkita e kamue ɓe yauni bial wonnuki goɗdo e wonnuki goɗɗi e bial higgi gamma hamɓe higgi yaniuki martiɓita gola maɓbe ɓen eɓe kolla ko e maɓɓe e ɗutino Kamwe (kamue ɗun holina yimɓe huɗe) gamma yimɓe kamase eɓe godi umago tafuki setiɓe ɓe martiɓina ɓe ebo hautugo eɗer hoɗe eɓe motunto koe maɓɓe naye e nifeɓi goɗdi imanu e hautugo koppi yimɓe e neɗda haukike e vecemue the emes and the motion of yimɓe Kamwe e vecorve hanjun dabeghi ni. Laamu Mo mauninaɗo Ngiɗa zakawa kwache hanko wonii Ajiyayo Michika. Latinoɓe lamu shubtimo yanɗe re Asawe ziɗu leuru Disemba 2013 yaɗɗu maiɗe coffar mauɗe latiɗo hanko waɗi miyani galle ɗer ko yahi duɓi soppote toyi. Tagabellegyi Maugol lasgol e ɗemgal michika hamɓe ke yimɓe Kamwe ɗemɓo ɗemle maɓɓe(wolde) vecemwe. Hiimoɓe Akko doum hukuma pamaren ɗun nɗer Diiwal Gombe nder Naajeeriya. Lamuɗen e din nɗer gelle Akko e dow a tal mangal A345 e ta fombina gelle mauɗe Diiwal Gombe, kamani kilomita 40 kumo un gelle mawɗe gaduɗe leyi ɗuɗɗi fere-fere keɓuri 30 e bano lenyol Fulɓe ɗer ɓe ɗuɗuki yari Tangale'en, Tera, Hawsare e ko lutta leggi. Kumo un wuduu lumo sare-sare ɗiɗaɓo gaɗa gelle Gombe. Hukuma pamaren e ɗun hauti gelleji e gure tati e gurejel. Ɗun tagi hukuma pamaren Akko ga ɗun heɓa jonɗe hakkuɗe yimɓe gada leyi diiwal e ɗenbo laamorde shaka. Sakatarjo hukuma pamaren Akko kumo diiwal Gombe, Naajeeriya Hukuma pamaren Akko ɗen ɗer gelle Kumo ɗen bo e ɗe kauti e gelle kamaɗe Gona, Kumo, Pindiga, Garin, Graba, Jilingo Jauro, Tukur Kembu Kumo, North Kumo East, Panda, Kumo Central, Lergo, Mararraban-Tumu e ko luttifu. Gelle Akko ɗe ɗun noddirka hukuma pamaren e ɗun hirna e Gombe 10°17′00″ N 10°58′00″ E. Hukuma pamaren ɗun e ɗun wodi jajirka kilomiteer 2,629 ɗenbo e ɗi wodi ɗuɗirka yimɓe 337,853 e limgal ɗungu 2006. E ɗun noddirta ɓe e wya kanjun woni 771. Arɗugal Arɗiɗo hukuma pamarun e ballawo mo kamɓe ke Abubakar Usman barambu e Mahmud Saleh Tabra. Ɓe fuu maɓɓe ɓe gurtoike gada subgo siyasa All Progressive Congress (APC). Yalde luumo Ba no ɗun wattare e ko ɗuɗi diiwe woylaje Naajeeriyasuzodil kuɗe demal ɗuɗun e ko huuri ba ɗiɗi: Tomate Ɓayeri (ɓaiha) Masardi Muri Yebbe Biriji Hottollo Hiimoɓe Hukuma Pamarun Gombe Naajeeriya Ɓilliri (ko Ɓiliri) e doum go’o ɗer hukuuma pamaren sappo e go’o ɗun Diiwal Gombe ɗun Naajeeriya kerol magoli hukuma pamarun Akko e ta woila, e ta fombina e fuuna e shangom hai ɗen bo woila fero funaa e Kaltungo. Ɗun inare hiɗe ɗe Tangale’en wonɓe ta fombina Gombe. Hanje gonii gelle mauɗe e Gombe ɗan eɗi godii yairi mauɗi kilomita 737 ɗenbo eɗuɗirka yimɓe 202,144 e limgal 2006. E wodii ɓeɗɗuɓi ɓe ilmi wurto yiɓe e ta Ɓilliri. E ɓe ɓokwira wolde Tangale'en en e Hawsare haire wonii wolde yimɓe woila. Akotiwa wolde gelle ɗen hanje goni 771.. Hiimobe Hukuma Pamarun Gombe Naajeeriya Funakaye Hukuuma Pamara e nder Diiwal Gombe haa nder Naajeeriya. Gelle mauɗe ɗen e de ɗer gelle Bajoga. Mawɗo mo jonii hanko Woni Alhaji Ibrahim Cheldu (eɗun Ibrahim Jimmy) mo sabtugo eggol All Progressive Congress (APC) jaɗor de lamɓe ɗe wore tan e hukuma pamarun e ɗun ley Mu’azu Muhammad Kwairanga (HRH). Funakaye e ɗun waɗi kerol e fuuna a e dallol Gongola e weɗu Dadin Kowa, gaɗa non bo ɗi waɗii keerol e Diiwal Yobe e Diiwal Borno. Eɗun wadii inaji ɗe 1,415km2 e ɗuɗirka yimɓe 236,087 e limgal 2006. Lamba wuro go ɗun figirantabe ɗen inare ɗen hanjun woni 762. Hiimoɓe Hukuma Pamarun Gombe Naajeeriya Lasgol Ngizim en (Ngizimawa,Ngezzim) e ɓe joɗi e ta diiwal Yobe gongal woila fara fuma Naajeeriya. Ko yari dungu 1993 ɗun yumi ɗuɗuki maɓɓe e wiki ɓe yarai 80,000. E jonii eɓe ɗo’o geɓɓe ɗeɗun ɓuri heɓuki lasgol e ɓe joɗi e sareji geɓɓe funaa e fombina wuttudu gelle Potiskum gelle latiɗe gosol maugol ɓurgol mangu ɗuɗuki yimɓe e ta diiwal Yobe.(2) leyol Ngizim ɓe meɗi joɗaki(jodgo e geɓɓe goɗɗe diiwae barno e jigawa kamma da wakkatire ɗer ɓe ɗelli ɗongu maɓɓe ɗun ɓe anɗuno gaɗa ɓe kauti e layi goɗɗi Ngizim en ebolwa e walde(balle) ɗengal maɓɓe yalji chaɗi ɓe ɗun nodɗir ta Ngizim. Distinore Koɗun waɗe konu fulɓe(fulani) ɗun 1804 ɗistinare Ngizim en eɗe hanɗi e ɗun tomare barnu. E ɗungu gu 1472 wakkatire ɗeɗun yiɓii gelle mauɗe ɗe lasgi larnu, gelle Ngazarmamu. E artuɗun ƙarnu ɗun 20,Ngizim en eɓe gaɗa na lamorɗe fika jukkire wonɓe hukumaji lamu tetugoɓe ɗun hokki arduga siyasa.mauɗe inare geɓɓe mo ardaka sukaɓe mako gamma honuki Ngizim en ɗen koɗun faɗɗi arɗujote faɓe haure ɗembo mauɗe Ngizim en ɗun wakkatire ɗun biyoɗo inɗe ma Agudum. Dun soiitayi lamorde Ngizimen hai e ɗungu 1993 e arɗiɗo Diiwal Yobe, Bukar Abba Ibrahim mo ɓili Mai Muhammadu Atiyaye din lattingi lamiɗo keso mo Ngizimen. Lamiɗo Ngizim en mo joni hanko wonii Mai Umaru Bubaram Ibn Wuriwa Bauya, dondi e duɓi ɗenno en arɗiɗo kiɗɗo e diiwal Yobe, Bukar Abba Ibrahim ɓeidani mo lamu yarugo ɗinɗe lamɗo mo inde de go’o. Onitsha doum Hukuma Pamaren nɗer Diiwal Ebonyi e nɗer Naajeeriya. E ɗe godii inare yaruɗe mangu 476km² kamma e ɗe wodii ɗuɗirka yimɓe 236,828km les limgal 2006. Lamba wuro fiyirgo ɓolu gelle ɗen honjun woni 491. Reserdeɗen e ɗe ɗer gelle isu. saebo e wodii gelleji e sorreji ɗe ɗama e inare fombina faro funaa Naajeeriya ɓe ɗun ɓori anɗirki "ISU" ɗer diiwal Ebonyi, gonɗun asalimajun ɗun hauti Agbabar, Amanator, Isu Achara,Mgbaneze, Ezekearoke, Anke, Mgbana, Ukwa,n Oboagu Umuniko e luttuɗe ɗen ɗe latake ɗun lukuma pamnu ohoozara hayari wakkati de ɗun tiggi Hukuma pamarun Onitsha. Mgbaneze ɗun gelle gaɗuɗe kerol e hakkuɗe diiwal Ebonyi e Enugu ɗen un yimɓe jinppinoɓe hoɓɓe yarli inare jangirɗe hesere ɗe ɗun janginta famgo (ilmi) dun hautogo (Technical). Onitcha Igbo-Eze gellel gangel der hukuma pamarun gaɗa ɗen ɗun heɓi inɗe joɗiɗe inare ɗen. Inaje luttuɗe mauɗe ɗen gelle gada, inare mauɗe ɗen ISU e Onitcha Igbo-Eze hanje ke Oshiri, Ukawu e Aba-Omega. Fu e ɗen hirna manjun ɓa yamugo hanjun guye dungu ɗun yiɓi hukuma pamarun Onitcha. Balanga e go’o eɗer hukumaji pamari e der Diiwal Gombe doum Naajeeriya. E ɗun les hautugo yimɓe mawɓe ta fombina diiwal mawɗun inare yahirde majun e ɗun ɗer gelle Talasse. Hukuma Pamaren ɗun e ɗun howii e hukuma pamaren Yemaltu-Deba e ta woyla, e ta fombina e funnaa Diiwal Adamawa ɗen bo e ta hirna hukuma pamaren Shangom, Kaltungo e Akko. Faɗɗitaa Hukuma Pamarun Gombe Girei ɗun gelle Adamawa ɗer Naajeeriya. Gel ɓurduri e juggol Benue yimɓe ɓurɓe ɗuɗurki einare hamɓe goni Fulɓe ko Fulani, ha’e non goɗɗun madi ɗuɗɗun ɗun Greng, Ntabo e labondo e ɗer hukuma pamarun Girei den un wuro ngo padio gotal. Hiimobe Hukuma Pamarun Adamawa Naajeeriya Mohammed Indimi OFR (ɗun danyimo 12 gu Augusta 1947) un ɓiyi ɓe luɓe Najeriya ɗembo un ɓiyii walloɓe. Hanko woni tigguɗo ardugal Oriental Energy Resources (OER) un goɗɗun kampani joɗoriɗun haremun ɗun kampani irtojun nebbam ɗun Najeriya. Tungadu leuru Nuwamba 2015 ɗun kimantake jaudimako edau dalaji Amurka miliyanje 500. Dayago Artugo Dun dayi Indimi ɗer yalɗe 12 dun Augusta 1947 e Maiduguri gelle mauɗe diiwal Borno woila faro fuuna Najeriya. Dayawo mako kinnaɗo Alhaji Mamman Kurundu hanko ma ɗun gimɗo lumo gilotoɗo laral e laral. Indimi mo hoɗorake jangirde Tebtere (Qur’anawal) ɗun ɗenno gama un neesi ummatore julɓe ɗun woila Najeriya. Mo rakkata yago janɗe zaman ɗun gamma dayowomako rakkata hosha tedduɗun janɗe makoɗen ɗe Alasara amma fu’enan e mon moheɓi mowawi ikkitaki bolle (wolde) e janɗee e windu ga. Lumo Indimi emo wodi duɓi 10 mo tokki dayoowoo mako yaduu luɓee ɗer wuro eden ko howii Borno gam waɗugo shoggu laare dabbaji (marle). A dungu 1963 mo hepti hore mako mofuɗɗi lumo mako gaɗa mo heɓi ramshago (yamaɗe) fam 100 feno gun subajo mako (higirawo) Alhaji Umaru Tela ɗun mo wodii e manju ega fuɗɗugo gaɗaɗon mo tayi shawara yajjinki soruki e Bornugal ɗe ɗun nattirota e maje gada Chadi e Kamaru. E dungu 1990, Indimi mo heɓi lasisiwol tefugo neɓɓan egun ardiɗo Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Mo tiggi huwirde nebban e henɗu gas ɗun unnɗe Oriental Energy Resources (OER). Indimi huwii ejonɗe mouɗo denbo membajo e huwirde ɗen e ɗuɗɗum ha e bankiwal Jai’z. Himoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Pelaajo Borno Askira/Uba doum Hukuma Pamarun gal Diiwal Borno Naajeeriya Hautirde den eɗe ɗer Gelle ɗen Askira. Lamba Wuro Noddirgo go Gebbal Gal Hango Wonii 601. Gotun eɗer saraji Askira Uban Lassa Kanjun Wonii artuɗun Sare Hesere Waɓɓere Yawun ɗun ɗun anɗitoya e ɗer yiyam ɓiyi mishan Amurka eɗeɓe garki ɗen goɗɗun kautuɗu yimɓe ɗarnoɓe ko nonii yawii gabbe yawufuɗɗi anɗituki e Suduki goɗaki-goɗaki ɗun inɗe Lassa virus inare eɗun fuɗɗi wanguki. E leuru Yulin dundu 2014 woɓɓe ɓe bindiga ɓe ɗun hammoto ɓiɓɓe Boko Haram yari konu e sareji ɗin huyim e dilla gonɗun hukuma pamarun. Askira Uba ɗen ɓe paɗɗi yimɓe jewe nayo e sappo e tate e jewetati. Honoɓe ɓen ɓe gurtoika gada ladde sambisa joɗiɓe ɓe ɗun laggoyi eɓe giɗi walle ki gada ardiɓe e yimɓe ɓe risku. Hiimoɓe Biu Doum gelle ɗen Doum Hukuma Pamarun ɗen (LGA) ta Fombina Diiwal Borno Naajeeriiyya. Gelle ɗen dai Hanjeke Wudu Yaduki Lamu e Hukuma Pamaren ɗenbo ɗun Meɗi ɗun Lattii Joɗaki gello Mauɗe Lamorde Biu. ɗen ejonii ɗun lattake hautirɗe lamorɗe Biu. Biu e dau Plateau ɗun Biu e pottiɗiɗun yutugo mita 626 inare ɗen ɗe wala peuri. Gada artuɗun eɗun noddira inɗe Biu ɗunɗun e wolde Babur e Bura eɓe kolla dau mauɗun. Lamorde Biu ɗun tiggama e ɗungugu 1670 e zaman Mari Watila tumba lamiɗo Mari Watirwa (1793-1838) lati gelle mako mauɗe goni e hade Biu hade kogu mo riwii Fulbe honoɓe gada lamorde Gombe yari hirna e 1878 mari biyu molatake lamoɗo Babur’en artuɗo gaddo lamo fare Biu joni dai joɗarde lamu ɗun eɗun der gelle ɗen. E laamu Britaniya ɗun tiggi lamu Biu e ɗungu 1918 dun lammini mai ari jutuɗo ejonde lamiɗo Biu artuɗo e ɗungu 1920 ɗun bo wanni inare witinarde e hautirde Biu gaɗa 1957 wakkatire ɗe ɗun ɓeidi geɓɓe Shani e Askira. E lamorde ɗen Maidalla-Mustafa Ɓiy Muhammad mou latti mai Biu hanko ma mo salo kuthli e 1959. Yimbu/Leyyi Jodiɓe inare ɗen ɓe ɓuri pabir (ɓe ɗun noddirta Babur ko Bura) Tera, Bura, Margi, Mina e Fulɓe ɗemle. Biu mandara ɓe ɗun hautugo wolde Chadi. Njodirde E Hautugo Jaudi Ɗuɗirka egal ɗer geɓol woila Guinea Savannah (NGA) agroecological zone hauti e gongun yebun pamarun tawoila faro fuuna gebal kimba e walii egebal Savannah ɗun Sudan. Hautugo jaudi go hauti e demal ɗenbo e duurgol Naii, Beii, Balli puchchi e bamɗi e ɓayeri emurii masardi nagge e hottolo demal gali hauti ɓurɗun gesse pamare ɗun lawol kutirgal e lawii ɗenno. Ewoodi inare ɗeɗun heɓirda lumo ɗeɗun irtirta kowoni ɗer leydi e Biu eɗun irta tama, gabbe, magnesite, uranium, feldspar, topaz, mica, granite, aquamarine, nephelite e lamɗam. Tun e dungu 2010 lawal Gombe yari Biu Mubi gal woɗaa. A fuɗɗigo 2022 ɗun henɗiti gebbal gamma jaɓugo shede poɗɗe areji motaki yonki eta labi walloɓe ɗun leyɗe e legde ɗuɗɗun gam woinki lawii yadu ko yegeti. Leyyi Hukuma pamarun Biu e ɗun woni leyyi ɗi ɗaɗɗi ɗi sarreji banɗa e Biu hanje kautuɗe e. Faɗɗitaa Hukuma Pamarun Borno Naajeeriya Jere ɗun hukuma pamarun e Diiwal Borno, gal Naajeeriya. Hautorde Magal e nder gelle khaddamari. Mangu Gelle Egal wodii geɓal ba 868km2. Ɗuɗirka E ɗuɗirka yimɓe 211,204 e limgal/dungu 2006 ɓurgal ɗuɗuki yimɓe e gelle Jere (larabanko’en baggara). Lamba wuro figirgo go geɓal gal hanjum woonii 600. Habaru Gelle Egal go’o nɗer hukumaji pamari sappo e jeweego’o (16) latiɗe e lamarde Borno. Diiwal undiiwal gal yimɓe ɗenno galɗe Diiwal Borno e Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Hukuma Pamarun Borno Naajeeriya Itas/Gadau un hukuma pamarun gal Diiwal Bauchi gal Naajeeriya. Hautirde magal eta ɗer gelle Itas iteswaju. Gelle Gadau eɗe ta fuuna e geɓol be 11`50`08N 10`10`02E lasgol ɓurgol ɗudgo hangol wonii hausa’en latiɓe hautuɓe e goɗɗe e lutttuɗe guttule diiwal lamba wuro noddirgo ɗun inare hanjunke 751. Mauɗun houre jangirɗe diiwal Bauchi eɗun gelle Gadau ɗen. Hiimoɓe Italy ko leydi e Yuroopu. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 301.230 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2020 yimɓe 60.317.116. Laamorde nden ko Roma. Yuroopu Leydi Saudi Arabia un lesdi der [lesde] larabankoen gelle [Riyadh]kanje ngonii njoodorde lamido lesdi ndiin Lagos diiwal edow leysɗi Niiseriya. Hiimobe Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya anda dou be Aisha Tsamiya doun nder Fijobe je burdii Haa nder kugal man, Wato Fijirde Hawsare Filmi haa nder kannywood. Fijowo man don nder Mawbe nder Fijobe, Bo o dow nder mawɓe fijobe be walliti ko emwiya waddi ballinde nder fijirle Hawsa man, hautande ɓe mawɓe fijobe man bana Adam A Zango, Ali Nuhu, Sadiq Sani Sadiq ɓe ma luttuɓe. Nden bo o Wurti nder Fijirle Maude Masin Jabadi ha nder Ummatore Lysɗi ndi ha be ma Lesdi ji keddiraɓe maɓɓe larobe Fijirle Hawsare. Taariihawol Inde Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya, Joɗorde Kano, Niiseriya. Do wani tariha ngendam Aisha Aliyu Tsamiya (jabbe) be demgal fulfulde, 30, o Danyama ha nder dubi 1992. Kuugal O fijowo nder fijirde Hawsare filmi. Bangal eh o bangado. Dimgol Maako Dun rimimo e hukuma pamarun ka Nasarawa gonka Diiwal Kano, o wadi janngirɗe firamarere e sakandarere mako e Giginyu kamma mo wodi Janngirɗe Yusuf Maitama Sule gonde der diiwal Kano. Tegal E emo wodi tegal bo monebayi a wadigo tegalgal. Gwarko maako ehder mawɓe gadobe siyasaje der lesdi Diiwal Yobe kamma mo lattake jiki hade ngomna Mai Mala Buni. Gwarko maako mo ɗun habba nimo tegal yande 26/02/2022 inde maako buba yadi. Firmiji maako Hanyar kano Bahaushiya Da kishiyar gida Dakin amarya Husna Jamila Maidalilin aure Makahon gida Munubiya Niqab Nisan kiwo Rayuwa bayan mutuwa Zeenat Kalan dangi Faɗɗitaa Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Hawsare Hausa demgal ɗu leysɗi Niiseriya i Afirika Hiimobe KWASAM NAGGE kwasam Nagge ɗum kwasam on belɗamm majin wobbe wii wala bana man haa welugo ma. Dum ɗoh mari ndakam (sweetness), dum doh mari nafu boh haa balli himɓe majin nafu man yotti on je baa nasara ma wii wala ko kwasam acci haa nafu nder balli himɓe. Kwasam man ɗon wartah daga haa endi (breast) nagge mai on, Amma wiige tan mari kwasam mai ngam kanjum on woni ndeuro. kwasam ngurto too jam haa wiige man inde maajam “biraadam” ƴaake ɗum wurtata mah dum doh wali jaw, Amma to bee launi dam bo wodi kettugol wa data haa dow maajam kanjum on be wi’ata leybol kanjum boh doh nafa haa nyaudiigu majin. Toh biraadan man dalina ma ko accama waali boh dan wartan “ pendiidam “ wabbe boh doh wii dam “lammudam” kanjam ma dam beldam masin amma kanjam kam sebe kautu eh (sugar) be yarirtadam,wobbe kam boh wanna dam dakkere fuu, wobbe boh chobbal ( additives) wannatadam amma be doh yara dam ko wala dakkere be chobbal mai fuu, dokam jongitiri no goddo yidi on yarata dam.lammudam mai ko pediidam kam no dam wurtiri be yarata dam. to jama’aje doh on sedda nder hala kwasam nagge, en timminan wolde Ahmin be hotekuke shawaraji dow kalamo mai yarugo kwasam fuu dabbita yara ngam dum be nafu majin ha belli himbe, kuma dam beldam majin boa. Hiimoɓe Dahiru Mangal un gimdo lattido Qatarˈkætɑːr/ , [10] /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ ( listen ), / ˈkɑːtər/ or / kəˈtɑːr/( listen ); [11] Arabic: ﻗﻄﺮ , romanized : Qaṭar [ˈqatˤar] ; un lesdi nder lesɗe larabankoen, Alhaji Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Mustafa en yalde 14 ndun lewru colite ndungu 1944 der gelle Yola ngonde Diiwal Adamawa nde njoni. Lamurjje nde njornii Adamawa Naajeeriya. Jande mako Mo fuddi njande maako nde fiiramare ndun e Mubi ngada ndungu 1951 yaahri 1954 ngada ndenbo mo faari yeeso oo njangooyi njangide middle nde Yola e ndungu 1955. Ngada e mo himminii njangirde middle e ndungu 1957 ndenbo mo fa'ii njangirde fiiramare nde waluuki ngonde Dutsen-ma. Ngada ndungu 1958 yaahri 1959 komoo nyaha sakandarere zariya e ndungu 1960. Hiimoɓe Bandol (koo Balli) ta ndunyima bandol hala gota Kenyan ta ndunyima Balli boh halaji dudi Kenyan Majjare Ndum Nyibire Nyibinyibini jaumun, Humtata HumtimtaSona Humare, Majjare Defata Deftnata Nyamnata sakku harna, majjare majjudo yalatake, yahantake sakju yotte, majjare halkere wembere, dogum dogum banda, daya dayana banda. Dr Kabiru Isyaku mni mo ɗanyama ɗer leuru seltembaru ƴalde 23 ɗu 1953 ɗer Diiwal Jigawa hukuma pamarun Ndun Kazaure. Dr kabiru Isyaku edon mari Bacci (bikkol) Nnayol. Abba Isyaku (Bowte 8, duuɓi 1980) Sadiq Abubakar (Sedto 9, dungu 1982) Faruk Umaru (Morse 10, duuɓi 1985) Rabiatil Adawiya (Korse 28, hitaande 1992) Kuudee Maako Njande, jiilarilu, njande Anduugo nno Adnaaen ngontirii. Jahalejii Maako England, Aameerik, Kanada, Scotland, Gana, Benen, Pakistan], Niiser, Gammbi, Saudi Arabia, Botswana, UAE, Kenya, Konngo, Simmbaabuwe, Faransi, Netherlands, Muritani, Misra, Sinngapuur, Barazil, Sawdafirika, Lesoto, Hinndi, Niw-Zilannda, Australia, Hong Kong, Inndonesiya, Malaysiya, Spain, Kubaa, Ruwannda. Hiimobe Himɓe Niiseriya Sir Ahmadu Bello Hambe teetii Lesdi Niseeriya gadda njuungo Mansa Musaa wuurno ko tuggude 1280 haa 1337, o laamiima joomaandu Mali duuɓi 25 (1312-1337). Himo lolliri laataade neɗɗo ɓurɗo jogaade jawdi, teeŋtinii kaŋŋe, e jamaanu makko. E ngaan saanga Joomaandu Mali ene renndini e nder keeri walla les njiimaandi mum leyɗe hannde ganndiraaɗe Mali,Gine, Gine Bisaaw, Niijer, Burkina Faso, Koddiwaar, Gammbiya, Senegal e hannde Moritani. Daartol ene siftora jahgol makko hajju e hitaande 1324. E ngal ɗannungal o yahdii e yimɓe teemedde njoyo (500) e dimle kaŋŋe. Nde Mansa Musaa yeti Ejipt kanum e sate mum ɓe ndimti e saraaji piramid hakke balɗe tati. O rokki laamɗo (Sultan) Ejipt 50,000 dinaar, oon bismiimo, luɓimo hoɗorde (palais) mum, yamiri watuleeɓe mum yoo teddinɓe kanko e yahdiiɓe makko.Ɓe ngoni ɗoon lewbi tati. Hakke e ko ɓe njuppi ɗoon e kaŋŋe, liɓii coggu kaŋŋge e nder Ejipt ko ena wona duuɓi noogaas coggu mum ummitaaki. Nde Mansa Musaa arti o addori annduɓe heewɓe, gila e seerenɓe diine haa e mahallooɓe; o mahi jamaaji e jumaaji e nder leydi hee won e majji haa jooni ene keddii. Timbuktu wonti saare ɗuɗe e ganndal. Mali wonti joomaandu mawndu, doolnudu e nder aduna he. Robert Boyle un gimdo ballutudoo eko nooni kemister Zariya Birniwol/Berniiji e dow Kaduna leysɗi Niiseriya. Hiimobe Fulfulde Jos diiwal e dow leysɗi Niiseriya Nassarawa diiwal e dow leysɗi Niiseriya Jaaruɗe asaweeji Joweeɗiɗi Altine Salaasa Alarba Alhamiisa Jumɓaare Asawe Alad Ibrahim Gambari ɗun daƴimo e Kinnaɗo adamu chiroma un gimɗo lesdi Naaseeriya Nuhu bribaɗo un neɗɗo daƴaɗo ɗer leydi [Naajeeriya] e Diiwal Adamawa un gimɗo subtuugo eɗer yimmɓe teefoɓe lamu diiwal[ Adamawa] '''Adamu Maina Waziri'''un gimɗo ndaƴaɗo nɗer diiwal [Yobe] nɗer leydi [Naajeeriya] '''Madagaska''' ɗun leydi nɗer leyde [Afrik] Lislamu, Islam konngol aarabeyankewol, Lislaamu e diina Nelaaɗo Muhammadu S A W. Alqur'aana ɓe defteere Diina Lislaamu. Tarihawol Hiimobe Fulfulde Chibuike Rotmi Amechi (be ɗanyeemo 27 Duujal duuɓi 1965) un gimɗo daƴaɗo Diiwal Rivers, Amechi e beɗiiɗo ministaajo sufuri gada hitaande 2015 - 2022 ɗoo ko laamorinkaaku Ardiiɗo Muhammadu Buhari. Sabbungo ei Amaechi Amaechi e kini ɗuuɗal danyeeki dow gelle Ubima, lamu Ikwerre, Diiwal Rivers, Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Musaddam Idriss Musa un gimɗo daƴaɗo e hukuma pamarun Nangere nɗer Diiwal Yobe e Hautuugo Naajeeriya '''Sadio mane''' un gimɗo fiiyowo fiijo ball mo leydi [Senegal] gonɗun Afrik Hirnajun '''Ahmed Musa '''Un Daƴaɗo nɗer Hautugo Naajeeriya '''Jime Saleh '''un kuuwowa e suuduu Radiyo [BBC] Ɗun ɗemgal Hausare Abdulrasheed Bawa un Taagu gonɗo nɗer Naajeeriya lattiɗo kaɗowo ko haana anɗuɗo koononi shari'a kanko wooni jogiɗo joɗorgal EFCC Gada 24 Colite hitaandee 2021 lattiɗo ciyama. Hiimoɓe Abdulrahman Bello Dambazau un ginɗo daƴaɗo ɗer gelle kano eɗer Hautugo leydi Naajeeriya Ibrahim Talba un goɗɗo taaguu gonɗo nɗer hukuma pamarun Nangere nɗer Diiwal Yobe. Hiimoɓe Catégorie : Yimɓe Catégorie : Pelaajo Yobe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu uñ gimɗo naƴaɗo Diiwal osun ɗer Hautugo lesdi Naajeeriya kanko Woonii teefoowa laamu leydi Naajeeriya [Idriss David] un arduujo laydi[ chad Republic] malam Aminu Kano inda lamiiɗo Kano kinnaɗo '''Turkiyya''' un Leydi ɗer yuroopu gelle mauɗe Leydi ɗin kanje ngonii [Istanbul] . Un Leydi ngooduuɗi inare deemal ɗen eko aweetee un Leydi anɗiraɗi inɗe [Anatalia]e Hirna aasiiya hautii e goɗɗe geɓɓe ɗe [Bulkansa]fombina faaro fuuna leyɗe yuroopu. Eɗi waadi kerol e leyɗe [Greece], [Bulgeria]yaari Woila faaroo Hirna Bahar maliya ɗen e waila [Georgia] yaahi woila faaroo fuunaa [Armenia] , [Azarbaijan] ɗen e [Iran] yaari fuunaa [Iraq] ɗen fombiina faaroo fuunaa [Syria] e Bahar Rum yaahri fombiina dallol [Aegean] ɗen e fuunaa [Cyprus] eɗi honɗko fombiina dallol '''Norway''' un leydi eɗer lesɗe yuroopu eta woila geɓɓal maugal ngal Hirna e woila ɓurgal maugu ngal [Scandinavian peninsula]. Yuutuuɗe nɗe Kennan kamma footiiɗe ɗe [Artic] e lugguɗe [Svalbard] kanjee maa ɗe lattake gaɗɗe geɓɓe ɗe [Norway] . Has waddi hanɗee eɓe ɗon maantiiro geɓɓal Antertic ɗebe suuɗiiɗe Peter I E Lamiiɗo debbo Maud Land gelle mauɗe Leydi ɗin kaanje ngonii [Oslo] [Norway]eɗi maari jaajirka njairi kamani kilomiteer 385,207(148,729 square miles)[12] Ɗen ɗuuɗirka yiimɓe maari yaari 5,425270 eɗer leuru januarie 2022[14] lesdi [Norway] eɗi waadii keerol pooɗigol e [Sweden] eta fuuna kamani kilomiteer 1,619(1.006 mil)eɗi waɗidi keerol e [Finland]e [Russia] yaari Woila faaroo fuunaa e nastirde [Skayerrak] eta fombiina,e guttuuduu yolɗe go,o e wonduuɓe e [Denmark]ɗen e [England] Fedde Ngenndiije Dentuɗe: 193 leyɗe Shehu shagari un gimdo les Enugu Diiwal Hombina hunange e leysɗi Naajeeriya Enugu wodii jama,are 82000 kankoo diwal Enugu manko eii igbo enu ma,ana tukuu. Hiimobe Fulfulde Aishatu Musa Dalil mo pullo usil ɓiɗɗo Diiwal Adamawa gonɗun geɓɓol woyla faro fuuna e hautugo Naajeeriya amma ɗun danyimo ɗenbo o mauni e gelle Kaduna. Mo lattake binɗowo habaruji ƙirƙira ɗi ɗenbo ɗun jangowo e Janngirɗe. Ɗen kanko nyami fijo Hikaya ngo 2021 e jonɗe artuɗo e habaru maako ɗun inɗe haƙiƙana. Distinore Mangu Maako E Janɗe Maako Aishatu Dalil binɗowo mo ɗubi 18 e duniyaru lati e joni e mo ɗungu maako artugu e fannun ekkitaki Inngilis e Faransankore e Janngirɗe/Janngirde Umaru Musa Yar’adua University ɗun Diiwal Katsina. Andirago Ɗun ɓuri anɗirki Aisha Dalil e inɗe Ayshkhair e hakkuɗe bandiraɓe maako winɗiroɓe Hausare. Mo fuɗɗi anɗeki gaɗa hepki nasru nyamgo fiijo BBC Hausa e hikaya ɗun mo waɗi. Binɗi Mo fuɗɗi binɗi e ɗungu 2018 ɗenbo e mo yiɗi janguki habaruji lamorde e wiigomaako. Tun e mi famaro e mi wodi anɗugo taga habaruji mi winɗaɗi ko mi hokka yimɓe kanjum waɗi mi laati giɗɗo winɗuki habaruuji. Lattaki Maako Bindowo Aisha Dalil mo holli kowaɗi lattaki maako binɗowo e wiigo maako. Mastsalaji ɗi banɗirabe maako rouɓe ɗaranta e ɗuun ƙarnu ɗun e gonɗen ɗer e ɗun ɗer daliliji mamuɗi gaɗɗi mi semɓiɗini binɗi am no Aishatu yi 1st. Hiimoɓe Binndoowo Yimɓe Pelaajo Adamawa Pelaajo Naajeeriya Binndoowo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Yakubu Mohammed (duubi daygo maako; 25 duujal, 1973) e mo go’o eɗer anɗabe jarumi'en filmiji e Woyla Naajeeriya. Gimowo binndoowo ɗen e Siryatoɗo filmiji gurtotoɗi ha e filmiji fombina Naajeeriya han ko nyiɓi (tiggi) kamfaniel 2effect hauti e sebujo maako gimawo ɗenbo jarumijo filmi Sani Danja. Distinirgo maako Ɗun ɗanyi Yakubu Mohammed e yalɗi 25 ɗun lewru Duujal ɗun nduungu 1973 e Diiwal Bauchi, Naajeeriya. Nastugo Filmi Mo nasti kanfanije filmiji Hawsare gonɗi Kano e nduungu 1998 e jonɗe binndoowo filmiji ɗen mo fuɗɗi wurteki e fimwol maako artugol biagol Gabar Cikin Gida hauti e mawɗo sobajo maako Sani Musa Danja e nduungu 2013. E ɗen bo ɗon mo nati sirgoɗe filmiji Tuurankore gonɗe fombi e nduungu 2016 e mo wurtogi e filmi maako artuɗun ɗun inde Son of Caliphate ɗen e fim ɗun inɗe Shuga Naija hanko e sobajo kuugal maako Rahama Sadau. Filmiji maako e Nollywood Filmiji maako e Kannywood Gimi Yakubu Mohammed o yimi gimi hakoɓuri 1,000 ɗi ɗuri waɗi ko hutirki e der filmiji Hawsare ko edau 100 ha ɗenbo goɗɗi ɗi ɗun huuturi e finji Inngiliishi ɓurɗi cappanɗe nay (40). Jagorɗo Kuudowo e kannfaniwal jottinirgo Glo jakadajo e kannfaniwal SDGs hai ɗenbo jakadajo e kannfaniwal Nescafe gongal Naajeeriya. Lammbaji Manago Yakubu Mohammed mo heɓi lammbawal manago ɗuɗɗi ɗer ha e lambawol mauninago gada City People Entertainment ɗen e Nigerian Entertainment. Ijjitingo E yalɗi 13 ɗun lewru Siilto ndunngu 2020 mo woɗi injitirki da e mo anɗi nɗer wurtoyaki ɗer goɗɗun filmi ɗun fombina Naajeeriya ɗun inɗe Fatal Arrogance ɗun mo wurtoji e jonɗe tokkuɗo Shiankoen ɗen sirti ɗun teti wonnanki diina julɗuku faro holluki kolobaaji mbalji e goɗɗi hanju waɗi wannanki woɓɓe yiɗɓemo ɓerte ha ɗun foodayi ɓe gadi ko hudgomo. Hiimoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Hawsare Zulaihat Ibrahim moɗun ɓuri anɗirki e inde Zee Pretty e moɗer go’o ɓe yimɓe woyla Naajeeriya mo anɗirama faro ƙoraki fooje wawuki gamol eɗenbo siryaki fimji dammuɗi jalnoji. Distinorde Margomaako Dun ɗanyi Zulaihat Ibrahim mo ɗun ɓuri noddi Zee Pretty e ɗungu 1997 e gelle Ruba gonɗe nɗer hukuma pamarun Dankuwa, Diiwal Kebbi, Naajeeriya. Janɗe Zee Pretty o jangi janɗe maako nɗe firamalle e sakandarere haa o dilli Federal College of Education Sokoto inare e mo heɓi shaidago NCE. Zee Pretty o ɗaraki korol ɗanba mofari yeso Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello gonɗun Zariya gaɗaɗon ɗen o natti kuugal siryaki fimji. Kuugal fimji Zee Pretty mo ummoyako eɗer yimɓe yiɗbe jarumien fimji tun gada mo pamaro lattaki maako mo ɗuɗuɗo ko ɗarataa fimji e hautuki e. Hiimoɓe Ɗun subti Sa’ad Abubakar Mohammed Sanajo Wakiltiɗo subtirɗe Gombe shakare e Diiwal Gombe ɗun Naajeeriya e lewru Afrilu 2003 e les subtugal PDP. Mo jogake manguɗun gaɗa mayu 2003 haa yaari mayu 2007. Ɗun ɓillimo membajo e komitiwal kuuɗe e deenal e yurna kiko suuɗi. Mo fuuitayi ɗaraki tefgo e lewru Afrilu 2007. Hiimoɓe Mariama Jalloh ɓe ɗanyimo ha hitadee 1986 ha saliyon, kanko’on ufulla, yimowo’on woɗon binda gimol woɗon joɗi ha Paris liddi Faransi. Taariki maako Ɓe ɗanyimo Mariama Jalloh ha wuro Freetown ha liddi Saliyo duɓu maka gotel ɓe ekgi be daiɓe mako ɓe hotti liddi Jamus, ɗer wuro Bergiseh Gladbach, wuro dada mako. Yake owodi duɓi saffoi jego ofuɗɗi bindigo gimi mako be fiyugu jita. Bawo duɓi ɗiɗi owowi fiyugo je kuje bauɗi. Artigo Gimo Kuɗeji aranɗe dau mako Ade Bantu: Brothers keepers, Afrobeat Academy je Afropean Express. Daga hitadee 2008, ofuyi be Raffer Olorna hore mako do kugal “Diversidad Europ Urban Experience”. Ɓawo duɓu woɗon ɓaw Max Herre ha wancigo maɓɓu tugu gete ha album “Ein Geschenicter Tag”. Hitadee man’on ofuɗɗi filo solo, doɗɗon oburtini Ep aranɗe man kanjimmari inde listen to Mariama. Be suɓi Mariama hadeer yumoɓe hadeer yumɓe temere tati ha hakkuɗe yumɓe caffan etati ijenai be maɓɓe Gidauniyar Volks Wagen sound Foundation ɓe ɗau ballitaɓe ɗer hitadee 2009. Ɗer hitadee man 2010 owati jingo mako oɓili nuɓe inde cina 7/wagram be Faransa ofuɗɗi kugal mako hadau album aranɗe THE Easy Way Out. Oyehi Rak Studios, liddi London ha ohuyi be kautal heɓo ɓe Bacon and Quarmby mu’arti heɓugu Ziggy Marley be Finley Quaye, hakkunɗe marɓe andal. Gimi takkunɗirɗe Ep 1) Oɗon joɗi rena/onasti ɗer yidel (2008) 2) Berena Mariama (2009) 3) Walano waɗata (2013) 4) Wakkati banni (2015) Lp 5) Lawul ɓuri hoyugo (2012) 6) Yi ɗanɗe be awanɗi be gulega (2019) Hiimoɓe Maryam Yahaya (ɗuubii daygo maako; 17 Julie, 1997) e mo go’o eɗer anɗaɓe jarumien filmiji e Woyla Naajeeriya laatiɗo kode moka e kasko e ɗuɗɗun zaman. Distinorde Margo Dun ɗanyi jarumijo Maryam Yahaya e gelle Goron Dutse gonɗun Diiwal Kano geɓɓol woyla faro hirna hautugo Naajeeriya, jarumijo on o wurtake e yidde wortakaki e siryaki filmiji kannyawad laati niniɗun yarimo lattaki jarumijo eɗer lumurde ɗen. Fuɗɗuki Wadgo Fim Maryam Yahaya o fuɗɗi fijo Hausa e ɗungu 2016 inare e mo wurtogi e fimwol maako artugl indanago wuro nyamdu (Gidan Abinci) ɗenbo e goɗɗun filmɗun ɗun inɗe gujjo (Sarauniya) eɗen mo wangini hore maako semɓe eɗder filmiji. Maryam mo heɓi anɗeki semɓe e goɗɗun film be aɗun Mansoor ɗun jarumijo Ali Nuhu hooki umurnago. Dokke Maryam Yahaya mo heɓɓi dokke ɗuɗɗe goɗɗe eɗer e kauti e. Hiimoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Filmi Hawsare Halima Yusuf Atete (ɗuubii daigo; 20 Jolal duuɓii 1989) mou ɗun ɓuri anɗirki Halima Atete anɗaɗo Fijo filmi ɗenbo un koshowo tedduɗun siryaki filmiji latta e ko ɓuri ɗuɗuki filmiji maako e mo wurtogo e jonɗo kaurowo yimɓe ko ɗarango semɓingo. Distinorde Margo E Jonɗe Ɗun nanyi Halima Atete e gelle Maiduguri gonɗe Diiwal Borno e hautugo Naajeeriya. Mo waɗi janɗe firamarere maako e Maiduguri Primary School ɗenbo o dilli Janngirɗe ngomnati ɗe Yerwa Government secondary School fuu e gelle Maiduguri. Jarumijoen mo daraki e kerol ɗen be o salaake janngirɗe ɗe yeso sakandare inare e mo heɓogi kolejin diploma e ɗau Shari’a diini e ɗenbo zaman (Civil and Shari’ah Law). Fuɗɗugo filmi Gimɗo on fuɗɗi nastugo kanfaniwal hautuki filmiji Hausare gonɗun Kano e ɗungu 2012 e ɗen mo fuɗɗi filmi maako artuɗun biaɗun asaalina. Ko waddi jonii mo wurtoiko e filmiji dau ko ɓum sappoje sappo e sappoje jewego’o (60) Filmi maako Nasruji Manaje Atete mo heɓe lambaji manaje ɗuɗɗi e Kannywood latiɗun ɓurɗun ɗuɗuki manaje e ɗe gurtoyto gada City People Entertaiment hai ɗenbo gotol gol mo heɓI gada African Voice. Hiimoɓe Filmi Hawsare Yimɓe Naajeeriya Safiyyah Jibril Abubakar mo ɗun ɓuri anɗirki Ummu Abdoul un janginowo e sakandare ɗenbo un binɗowo yamuɗo fiijo Hikayata nge BBC Hausare 2018. Ɗun ɗanyi Ummu Abdoul on e gelle Zariya, Diiwal Kaduna e hautugo Najeeriyaa. Distinorɗe margo maako e jande maako Ɗun ɗanyi Ummu Abdoul on e gelle Zariya, diiwal Kaduna e hautugo Najeeriyaa. Mo jangi janɗe firamarere e gelle Zariya ɗen ɗenbo mojangi yeso e firamare e gelle Gwandu ɗe Diiwal Kebbi e jonii ɗo’o un jangowo e fanuu anɗugo leysdi deemal e Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University ɗun Zariya inare e mo jangataa digiri ɗiɗɗaɓun gieteɗun masters. Yamgo fiijop BBC E ɗungu 2018 Ummu Abdoul o nasti fiijo BBC Hausa e habaru maako gieteɗun ‘Ya Mace ɗenmo mo waari artuɗo ɗun ɗun wanni inɗe Hikayata 2018. Lencitaaki Binndoowo Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Kaduna Binndoowo Naajeeriya Mohammed Sunusi Barkinɗo (ɗun danyimo 20 ɗun Afrilie 1959) un gimɗo subtule Naajeeriya’en. Ha gada i ɗun Auguste 2016 mo lattake sakatarejo jaanar ɗun OPEC. Mo meɗi jogaki balitiɗo sakatare jaanar e hukumare hautugo jaudi go OPEC e hakkuɗe duɓi 1993-2008 mo dake luusin nebban feeturi ɗun Naajeriya e ɗungu 2009-2010 ɗenbo mo arɗake mauɓe ƙoriɓe Naajeeriya e ɗer sanjaki dauleysɗe kanoni gulɗun e faudun ɗun joɗerde hautugo dunugaram tun 1991. Margu artugo e janɗe Barkinɗo mo himmini digirle maako artuɗum ekononi kimiyya subtugo e Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello, Zariya, Naajeeriya e ɗun nduungu 1981 den mo waɗi digiri ɗiɗabun e kononi luɓe e janngirɗe washinto e leysɗi USA e 1991. Ko mo MBA e nduungu 1988 moheɓi digiri ɗiɗaɓun e ɗau hautugo jaudi hebban feetur e ta gun Janngirɗe Oxford. Ha e ɗe hanɗe ɗun hokkimo digiri mauninago gada janngirɗe kautare ɗe hautugo e Yola. Hiimoɓe Tijjani Mohammed Bande, OFR (be danyiimou 7 ɗun lewru Decemba 1957) un gillotodo e Naajeeriya on, moddibbo ɗenbo anɗuɗo konomi margo siyasaje. Han ko lattiɗo mauɗo joɗerde hautugo duniyaru mo 17 gada lewru septemba 2019 yaari 15 gu septemba 2020 mo meɗi joɗaki ballitowo mauɗo majalisare nduungu 2016. Han ko bo woni jagarɗo Naajeeriya e joɗarde hautugo duniyaru. Gada nduungu 2010 yaari 2016 mo lattake darektajo mauɗo ɗun wuudu himari siyasaje (politikki) e dabareji di leydi gonɗi kuru Naajeeriya ɗenbo mo lattake balletiwe ardiɗo Janngirɗe Usman Ɗanfodio gada 2004 yaari 2009. Der 2021 arɗiɗo leydi Muhammadu Buhari fuuiiti wo etukimo jagordo mo gaba go’o e joɗarɗe hautugo duniyaru New-York. Distinorɗe margo maako Un danyi Muhammad Bande ɗen bo mo jangi e gelle zagga e Diiwal Kebbi e hanɗe. Famgo Mo yaahii janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University gonɗe Zariya, ɗun mo hebi digiri maako artuɗun eɗer andugo siyasaje e ɗungu 1979. Ko mo salo janngirɗe Boste ɗun mo himmini digiri maako ɗiɗaɓun eɗer anɗugo siyasaje e 1981. Muhammad Bande mo heɓi digirije. Digirije e ɗau siyasa, gada janga de Toranto, Canada e 1987. Kuɗe E ɗungu mo jangini e janngirɗe Usmanu Danfodio University gon ɗun Sokoto ɗun bo mo yaari jonde Farfesajo e ɗungo 1998. Hakkuɗe 2000 yaari 2004, banɗe mo huwii e jonɗe Darektajo Jaanar ɗun wuudu hollinki hiimani Afrik e ɗer yahirki e fago yeso e Tangier Maroko. E hakkuɗe ɗungu 2004 yaari 2009 mo lattake ballitowo mauɗo janngirɗe Usman Ɗanfodio University ko mo ɓile e jonɗe darakta jaanar e wuudu ɓe andugo hiimari e haute-hautugo Naajeeriya ɗun mo njogi gada nduungu 2010 yaari 2016. Margo yalji maako E mo woodi ɓangal e ɓiɓɓe nayo Hiimoɓe Sakina Lawan un binɗowo mo Naajeeriya o joɗiɗo e gelle Kaduna ɗer Diiwal Kaduna hautugo Naajeriya. Distonorɗe Dayargo Ɗun ɗanyi Sakina lawan e gelle kaduna e woyla Naajeeriya inarre e mo jangi firamarere e Sakandarere e mo wadi ɗerewal digiri e fanuu ɗemgal Hausare ɗun mo heɓoyi e Janngirɗe Kaduna State University. Nasru maako e BBC E nduungu 2018 Sakina o lattake binɗowo e yamuɗo binɗi Hikayata ɗun BBC Hausa e janɗe ɗiɗaɓo e habaru maako dun inɗe Sunanmu Ɗaya lattaɗun ɗiɗabun e fiijo ngo Hikayata. Hiimoɓe {{reflist} Binndoowo Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Kaduna Binndoowo Naajeeriya Maimuna Abubakar (duuɓi daigo; 28 Korse, 1997) ɗun ɓuri anɗirki Mou Momee Gombe e Mou ɗer sirgitoɓe filmi e Kannywood latido mo kode muɗun ɗaari e nduungu 2020. Distinorde Margo Ɗun ɗanyi jarumijo Momee Gombe e gelle nder Diiwal Gombe gonɗe ɗer hautugo Naajeeriya mo jangi janngirɗe firamare e sakandare fuu e gelle Gombe. Nastuki maako kuugal filmi Mo ummoyke e yidde jonɗe go’o gada jarumi’en filmi Rouɓe to gada o pamaro hama mo ɗarata wala goɗun wurtaki ɗer siryago filmi shaidarowomo bonne. Jarumijo mo heɓi nasru nastugo sanago siryago filmiji e ta jungo Usman Mu’azu goto e ɗer siryatoɓe filmi a nduundu 2017 ɗenbo ɗun fuɗɗi haskaki filmwol maako ɗen artuɗun biaɗun Ango. Gimi maako Momee Gombe mo yimi gimi e ɗuɗɗi ɗuɗirka maji yaaari 40 yaari 50 ɗenbo mo huuwi leg yimoɓe ƙoriɓe ɓe woyla Najeeriya bano be Adam A Zango, Hamisu Breaker, Garzali Miko, Umar M Shareef ɗen e luttuɓe. Asaluu inde maako Momee Gombe mo holli nomo heɓiri inɗe maako e wiigo inɗe kakamaako ɗebbo un Maimuna ɗen enom danyoɓe maako e semtai inɗe maako gam un esirawo hai ɓe noddirta mo Momee. Hiimoɓe Aisatu N’jie-saidy (ɓe ɗon binda inde maako be Aisatu N’jie-said) (O ɗanyaama nder yinde jebire lewru Maris hitadee 1964) ɓi siyasajo leddi Gammbi. Omeɗi joɗugo ballitigo jamu lamu ha leddi Gammbi daga yanɗe Logas lewru Maris hitadee 1997 yahugo sappo e jowetati lewru Janairu, hitadee 2017. Kanko’on debbo aranɗejo ɓi Gambia omeɗi jaggugo lamu ballitowo jomu lamu oɗon dou aranɗe reube haa siyasaji hirna Afrika, kanɓe’on meɗi yahugo haa nder ɓe dari manga. Tarihi Mako be Andal Beɗanyi Njie-saidy ha kuntaya, ha leuru Maris saffoi jai, hitadee 1952 North Bank Division. Dagaɗon hitadee 1959 yehugo hitadee 1964, oyehi jangirɗe primary je Brikama, ɗenbo hitadee 1964 be hitadee 1970, oyehi jangirɗe secondary be Armitage, George town. Hitadee 1971 oyehi jangirɗe kwaleji ekkitan gwaɓe mallam’in je yunɗum, oheɓi, kugal jangine hitadee 1974. Daga leuru Yulie 1979 be leuru Disamba hitadee 1979, ojangi ha jaburu numugo anɗigo ko yahata jaamaje be fasaha je Delft, Netherland, haɓe hokkimo ɗerewal mangol je difloma wakkere andigo filu manga. Daga leuru Satumba yahugo Nuwamba hitadee 1981, ojangi ha jami’a je Philiphines, hato oheɓi ɗere wul man do larugo fillel filu fetel be halaji. Ɗer leuru Satumba hitadee 1988, otimmini Msc yahugo yesu ɓe heɓa noɓe moɓan jauji je jami’a Swansea. Sungulla Siyasaji Daga leuru Satumba hitadee 1983 yahugo lewru satumba hitadee 1989. Njie-saidy olati ballawo sakatariya olati bollowowo fada reube, hukuma je bulwata do reube je leddi. Duɓi ɗiɗi ɓawo ɓe walliti lamu Gambia nder dungu 1994 hayake Yahaya Jamme jafti lamu ha leuru Yulie hitadee 1996 N’jie-saidy ɓelanminimo ɗer ɗe minista jamo benonugo belɗum jamaje be sungulla roɓe.Yanɗe logas leuru Maris be hitadee 1997 libbi saali ɓawo cuɓol lamɗo maɓɓe je hitadee 1996 Yahaya Jamme yamii suɓol manɓe lammini N’jie-saidy ɗer ɗe mako ballito lamɗo ha liddi Gambia olati ballowo sakatariya sungullaji larugo jamu be nanugo ɓel ɗum jamaje be sungullaji roɓe. Obolwi be obindi boi do hala koyali roɓe ha liddi Gambia. Ha leuru Disamba hitadee 2015, ɓe heɓi haɓor ɓe ɗon bonda hakkuɗe N’jie-saidy be Jamme ɓeddi biligo. Bigo jarida ha Freedom, ɓadiɗo be jamme oyarɓiti hala ɓeyaɗa larugo Aisatu N’jie-saidy. Obangini Aisatu “wala gonga” kanko’on balliti wakkere lamo mangakkiti Jamme tabitini yumɓe mako Omaran Fillel Aisatu N’jie-saidy. Naage saffoi jetai leuru Janairu, hitadee 2017, Njie-saidy udiffi do lamo maɓɓe hitadee 2016-2017, hautaɗe be yimɓe fere/ministas lamu ɗudɓe. Tegal N’jie-saidy owodi tegal owodi bukkwa nayi. Woɗon nana ɗingal dudɗum, kadibo: manɗinka, fulɓe, wolof, English, Francais. Hiimoɓe Halima Buba mou pullo ɓiyi Naajeeriya un godowo lumo ɗen kumowo e banki lattiɗo gurtoyiɗo gada Diiwal Adamawa e kononi jonii e mo huwa e ɗau mawɗo bankiwal Sun Trust Bank Plc. Distinorɗe Jande Halima mo himmini digiri maako artuɗun e ɗiɗaɓun eɗau kononi luɓe fuu e Janngirɗe Maiduguri. Jonguɗo kiido e Janngirɗe Laagos ɗen un membajo e wuudu kutirka Banki ɗun leydi ɗen bo kuwowo e wuudu jahiroru hokkoɓe shaawaraji. Ɗun ɓilimo e ɗau mawɗo bankiwol Sun Trust Bank e lewru haraamji (January) 2021 gada mo huwii e ɗu ɓallitowo mawɗo e Ecobank. Hiimoɓe Aishatu Dahiru Ahmed (be danyiimou 11 gu Jawjawngel 1971) mo ɗun ɓou anɗirki Binani o pullo ɓiyi Naajeeriya ɗan bo un mo siyasajo e les shubtugal All Progressive Congress (APC). Honko woni sanatajo yamowo e jonii latiɗi wakiltiɗo subtirɗe Diiwal Adamawa shakajo e joɗerde hautuɗo. E gada mo latake wakiilijo joɗerɗe e hautujo mo wakiltake shubturɗe Yola woylajun/Yola fombinajun/Girei e les shubgugo People Democratic Party (PDP) e zaman joɗerɗe de 7 (2011-2015). Distinore Margo/Janɗe Binani mo jangi janɗe maako e janngirɗe mawɗe e Birtaniya inare e mo heɓi shaidago diploma e ɗau woiinki hite karaabati (lantarkie) e janngirɗe Southamthom University. E jondde jonii han ko woni mawɗo komiti’en joɗarɗe ɗottien ɗau kononi farugo yeso tabbitowo (SDGs) ɗun henlim mo eɗau yamuɗo subtugo wurtinki gonien e subtugo gwamnaen Diiwal Adamawa e les subtirgo APC gaɗa mo heɓi kunaji 430 ɗun mo doii sobojo tetgo maako mo haɗe Nuhu Ribaɗo, ardiɗo hukuma konojun e yamgo kiine e wonnugo dun Naajeeriya kanko heɓi kuri’aji 288. Hiimoɓe Abubakar ɓiyi Usmanu Subanɗe (b.c 1762-1841) mou ɗun ɓuri anɗirki Buba Yero han kou tiggi lamorɗe Gombe. Mo lattake lamiɗo Gombe artuɗo inɗe lamorde maako haire wonii moddibo Gombe. E ɗungu gu 1804 Buba Yero tiggi lamorɗe Gombe gaɗa mo jaɓi tutawal eɗau arɗujo konu Shehu Usman Ɗanfodio. Hiimoɓe Boubou Cisse (ɗun dayi mo e ɗungu gu 1971) un mo siyasa lesɗi Maali en gonɗo lattiɗo firaministajo Maali gada Bannjaaru Aranndu (April) 2019 yaari jippaki maako gaɗa waylutugo lamu Maali ɗun 2020 e lewru Jawjawngel (August) mo ɗenbo lattake ministajo hautugo jaudi e cede e ɗenbo minista kowoni ɗer leydi e luuɓe teɓe. Distinorɗe margo Boubou Cisse un ɓiyi lasgol Fulɓe mo woɗi jonɗe digiri maako ɗiɗaɓun e janngirɗe Auvergne ɗenbo mo waɗi digiri maako tataɓuri e kononi hautugo jaudi e janngirɗe Aix-Marserlle. Kuuɗe Cisse mo fuɗɗi kuugal maako e ɗau anɗuɗo hautugo jaudi ɗun bankiwal duniyaru e Washintong D.C, Amurika eɗer 2005. Eɗer 2008 ɗun ɓeydanimo mangu yaari mawɗo anɗuɗo hautugo jaudi ɗun wuttudu fago yeso ɗun adungen. Gaɗa ɗen mo huwi ɗer Naajeeriya e Niiser eɗau wakilijo banki duniyaru. Ɗun ɓi lii Cisse eɗau firaminista Maali e nduungu 2019 gaɗa jippago go soumeylou Boubeye Maigu e arɗugal maako. Mo lattake ministajo ɓe soggugo e kowoni ɗer leydi e 2013 ministajo hautugo jaudi e cede tun 2016. E yalɗe 18 ɗun Jawjawngel 2020, Cisse hauti e arɗiɗo Ibrahim Boubacar Kaita e joga keɓe hanɓe e sojien unminob fitina eɗer waylutugo lamu 2020 ɗun Maali. Faɗɗugo gelle hauti e lagguki ki arɗiɗo Keita waɗi joɗarɗi e ardugal ɗun itti Cisse eɗau jodargal maako e yalɗe go’o 1 ɗun lewru Haaram (Janairu) 2021 ɗun nangi banɗuwo Cisse Aguibou Tall e woɓɓe jo’woo game’e hollugo waylutuki lamu eɗun bo sekaɓe Boubou Cisse amma ɗun nangayimo sabo e lamu anda e mo wonii. Ɓeddugo Kuuɗe Assusu Dokkojun Yamaɗe ɗun Duniyaru (IMF), kiiɗo membajo mo hukuma ngomnaen (tun 2016). Banki Marojun Diina Juldaku, membajo kiiɗo mo ngomnatien (tun 2016). Banki Duniyaru membajo kiiɗo mo hukuma ngomnaen (tun 2016). Hiimoɓe Kiiɗo kuuwoɗo hukumaji e hautugo Naajeeriya Muhammad Banaru Abubakar (October 1939 – Nuwamba 2015) un kiiɗo jahirowo ɗen bo kiido kuuwowo e hautugo Naajeeriya mo soitii e alasarer yade asawe 21 ɗun lewru Nuwamba 2015. ) Mo lattake ɓiyi hukuma pamarun Akko gon ɗun Diiwal Gombe mo filake kotoye e kuutirde e jonɗe mawɗe sakatarejo e hukumawal Diiwal Bauchi. Distinorde maako Ɗun danyi mo e ɗungu 1939 e kumo gon ɗu hukuma pamarun Akko dun njoni Abubakar mo halartake janngirɗe firamarere ɗe Kumo e mawɗe janngirɗe ɗe Gombe hakkuɗe 1948 yaari 1955, gada ɗer mo saali janngirɗe lardiji Bauchi inare ɗe mo sakandare e 1960. Himmatore maako faro tefgo ilmi yaari mo janngirɗe Obafemi Awolow University gon ɗun Ile-Ife Diiwal Osun inare e mo heɓi saidago himmimki jande e ɗer fannu harkaji ngomnatiji e ɗungu 1977. Tun e ɗungu 1961 yaari 1962 mo jangi janngirɗe ekkitaki larabankore e joonni dun noddirta Abdullahi Bayero College for Arabic Studies Kano. Mo hartake kosji ɗuɗɗi e kautuɗi ɗereji shaidago go certificate in modern management e Ahmadu Bello University Zaria (1977), certificate of service, repartorion corps, federated press, Kano (1964), citizenship and leadership certificate, sea Lagos (1979) ee ko lutti. Kuugal Banaru mo fuɗɗi kuugal edau kokkowol habaruji (juranalist) gilotoɗo e kano e ɗungu 1964 e mo haute habaruji e kotuji pamari. E ɗungu 1964 mo nasti sarkitago ngomnatiwo woyla Naajeeriya e jonde mawɗo biowo nodi waɗata mo huwi e kuutiɗe fere-fere. Gada ɓawo e ɗungu 1968 ɗun turakemo gonajo woyla faaro fuuna e mo huuda e kuuɗe fere-fere ɗer ha e ofisji soja ɗun huwoɓe. Banaru ɗun ɓilimo sole manager ɗun hukuma pamarun Ningi gada ɓawo ɗen bo Katagum hakkuɗe 1985 yaari 1986. Mo yaaari jonɗe sakatarejo mawɗo e 1988 e kigal Diiwal Bauchi. Bana mo jogake jogade goɗe jodarle e jonɗe siyasaje matakire diiwal e hautugo kautu e komishinajo hautugo hukumare ɗa’a ɗun hautugo. Laamu Joɗarde lamorde Gombe ɗe hokkorimo laamu cuuɗi finaatawaaji ɗun Barayajo Gombe e ɗun 1990. Maide maako Muhammad Banaru mo soiti e alasarare yalde asawe 21 ɗun lewru Novembae mo soiti e mo woodi ɗuubi 76 e duniyaru. Hiimoɓe Abubakar Shehu Abubakar (be ɗanyimo nder nyalɗe 17 ɗun Lewru Bowte, duuɓi 1977) e gelle Gombe e hawtugo Naajeeriya. Ɗun laamiiɗo cuuɗi finaato'en e ɗer Naajeeriya mo ɗun Laammini Laamiiɗo Gombe mo sappo e go’o 11 e lewru Morse, hitannde 2014.O Lattake Laamiiɗo Sawo mayde dayɗa mo, Shehu Abubakar Lamiɗo sappo 10 jo mayɗo e yalɗe 27 ɗun lewru Duujal, duuɓi 2014. Abubakar Shehu Abubakar. Hanko wonii ɓiɗɗo ɗiɗaɓo mo kinnaɗo Shehu Abubakar. Distinorde margo maako e jannde maako Ɗun danyi Abubakar Shehu Abubakar e gelle Gombe gonɗe Naajeeriya. Mo halartake janngirde Gombe Children Primary School e ndunngu 1982 yaari 1988 ɗen e bo Government Science Secondary School Gombe gader 1989 yaari 1995. Shehu Abubakar mo janngi digiriwal maako artugal e fannu annɗal tayaka siyaasaje (political science) e Janngirɗe Maiduguri inare e mo janngi gader ɗungu 2001 yaari haa wakkatire ɗe mo himmini jannɗe maako 2005. Kuugal maako Abubakar o meɗɗi lattaki kannsilajo kakkilero wo e hukuuma pamarun Gombe gada nduungu 2006 yaari 2007. Gada 2007 yaari 2009 mo huuti e jonɗe ballitowo mo sakkooma mo daraaktawal jahirgal e huutirde taadugal Naajeeriya gal hautude Abuuja. Gada ɓawo mo lattake mawɗo kamfaniwal kliptoun lagoon Naajeeriya led ɗenbo e jonɗe daraktajo mo Horizon Interlinks Global Reesources. Laamu Dayɗo Abubakar Shehu Abubakr lamiɗo Gombe mo sappojo 10 mo maayi sanaɗu Nyawu ladde e gelle London yalɗe 27 ɗun lewru Mayie 2014 ɗun lamini mo dow donuɗu Shehu Abubakar e fuɗɗu go’o lewru Julie 2014, sakatarejo hukuma Diiwal Gombe (SSG) Abubakar Bage han ko hokki Abubakar Shehu Abubakar ɗerewol laamu ɗun e julirde mawɗe ɗe gelle Gombe e yalɗe 6 ɗun lewru Julie 2014. Inare e ɗun waɗii fiijo laammiki laamu maako. Yi'a boo Shehu Abubakar Hiimoɓe Shehu Usman Abubakar (c. 1938 – 27 Duujal, 2014) un Lamɗo cuuɗi finaatawaaji gal Naajeeriya lattaɗo jogiɗo lamu lamorde Gombe ɗun 10 gadu Jaanuwarii 1984 yaari haa maide maako lewru Mayie 2014. Abubakar mo ardake tigguki Diiwal Gombe go tun e ɗer leyɗi Naajeeriya 36 ɗe Naajeeriya e 1996. Mo bo lattake mawɗo lamɓe tun 1984. Martibinaɗo lamiɗo Gombe Distinorde maargu maako e Janɗe maako Ɗun danyi Abubakar e gure doma e ɗer gelle Gombe e ɗungu 1938 han ko woni ɓiɗɗo jowaɓo e ɗer ɓiɓɓe lamiɗo Gombe jewenajo 9 modibbo Abubakar Umar mo jangi e janngirɗe Elementary e Bauchi Middle School. Abubakar himmini jande Sakandarere e ɗun Barewa College gon ɗun Zariya e ɗungu 1966. Kuugal Abubakar mo fuɗɗi kuugal maako gal e ngomnatijo kiiɗuwan diiwal Gombe e jonde ballitiwo injiniyajo ɗenbe mo huuwi e wuudu ekkitingi e haɓɓondin e gollitirɗe ɗun Kaduna ekkitingi e haɓɓondin e gollitirɗi ɗun Kaduna Institute of Administration. Abubakar ɗen bo mo nasti ɗer huutirde hiiɓe ngomnatien woyla Naajeriya kautuɗun ɗiɗurkii ɗun ngomnatiji diiwal woyla faaro fuuna ngomnatire sarkitaɗe Diiwal Bauchi e jonnii e ɗen mo latti sakatarejo duumo ɗun Parastatals hukumaji pamari animal forest and establishment. Mo ɗen bo meɗ go lattaki mawɗo sakatarejo e lattaki membajo mo hukumaji hakkilanowo e janngirɗe mawɗe ɗe leydi (NUC) ha ɗe ɗiɗi. Mayde maako Lamiɗo Shehu Abubakar mo soitii e Asibiti Royal marsden gon ɗun ɗau lawok Fulham e gelle London inare e mo jiyoto nga ladde e yalɗe 27 ɗun lewru Mayie 2014 e mo woodi duɓi 76 e duniyaru ɗun waɗi Jana’iza maako e danmugal lamorde Gombe. Ɗun ɓili (lammini) ɓiɗɗo kinnaɗo Shehu Abubakar biaɗo Abubakar Shehu Abubakar e jonɗe lamiɗo keeso mo Gombe e fuuɗɗano lewru Julie 2014. Yi'a boo Abubakar Shehu Abubakar Hiimoɓe Sa’idu Kumo (5 Nuwamba 1959-27 Disamba 2020) o gimɗo Shubtal Naajeeriya moɗun subti e sanatajo wakitiɗo Gombe shakajun e Diiwal Gombe e Naajeeriya e artuɗun publisher e ta naya ɗun e ta Naajeeriya moɗarake tefgo e shuuɓal All Peoples Party (APP) hanjun gaɗaɗon latti All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP) mo fuɗɗi kuugal e yalde 29 ɗun mayu 1999. Siyasaji (shubtule) Gaɗa mo nyegi joɗorgal majalisa dotti’en e leuru junie 1999 Kumo ɗun ɓilimo e jonɗe komiti’en e konononii ko yiloto firoje dau, hautirɗe hiite lantarki e jamɗe cede e hanɗiɗirki cede yilaru umtuki gite e neesuji e faruki jonɗe yeso e fiijoji. Mo lattake ballitowo arɗɗiɗo komitijo kuuɗe mo majalisa dotti’en. E leuru Afrilu 2002 Kumo mo waɗi bolɗale e arɗiɗo diiwal Borno Mala Kashalla battuɗe yaadu gaɗa subtal giagal PDP inare e mo wiii hanko un gimɗo subtal mo pirowal shubtule moɗodoto e maako. Usul (Furtuu) Ɗun ɓilii Kumo e jenɗe sakatarejo shubtal All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP). E ɗungu 2007 mo jaaɓi jonɗe dokkowo arɗiɗo leydi Umaru Musa Yar’adu’a shawari ɗun musamman moɗun subti e shubtugal PDP e leuru Fabrairu 2009 ɗun riiwiimo gaɗa wuuro maako ngo Kumo gonɗun hukuma pamarun Akko ngo diiwal Gombe gamma sekuukimo e waɗuki kiifoje nyanuuki kiine e jaɓuki goɗɗun e juuɗe yimɓe e sekukumo hautuki konɗuɗe e shubtugo PDP jogigo laamu. Mo daraake tefgo laamu diiwal Gombe eɗer Gommanjo e yalɗe 26 ɗun Afrilu 2011 amma Ibrahim Hassan Dankwambo mo shubtal PDP doiimo. Gaɗa timminki shuɓal mo wiii PDP e diiwal Gombe soba’en maagu-INEC soji’en ɓetaɗugal ɓalewal (Police) ɓe NYSC ɓe kauti konɗuuɗe faaro waɗgo gonga ediiwal Gombe e jikii shubtuule 2,218 e wakkatire suɓal shaaligal. Maiɗe Kumo mo maayi e yalɗe 27 ɗun Disamba 2020 gaɗa Covid-19. Hiimoɓe Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya (be ɗanyiimou e yalde 9 ɗun lewru Yarkooma duuɓi 1961) un gimɗo luumo e Naajeeriya ɗen un gimɗo siyasajo. Han ko woni arɗujo Diiwal Gombe e jonde ngomnajo mo ɗun subti e yalɗe 9 ɗun lewru Sedto, duuɓi 2019 e les subtugo APC. . Muhammad inuwa yahaya mou dayanmo nalde 9 lewru yarkooma moungou 1961 lysidi sunngulla eii lysidi siyasa'en Naajeeriya doon Diiwal Gombe eii wai,on nalde 8 lewru mbooye moungou 2019, bidi,on jam,iya [APC]. Distinorde maako Ɗun danyimo e yalɗe a ɗu lewru yarkooma 1961 e Jekadafare, Diiwal Gombe gu hautago Naajeeriya. Danyowo maako Alhaji Umar un taggu luumo. Jande Yahaya mo halartake janngirɗe Central Primary School ɗenbo e janngirɗe Government Secondary School gonɗun Gombe. Gada a mo jangi e janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University gonɗun Zariya, inare e mo heeɓi digiriwal maako artugal e fannu limgal ceede (Accounting) e ɗungu 1983. Kuugal Yahaya mo huwwi e ko nooni ngomnatiwal e kanfaniji mo fuɗɗi kuugal e kamfaniwol rufu jariwal e resirde ɗun Diiwal Bauchi inare e mo latti Accountierjo mawɗo gada ɗungu 1984 yaari 1985. Mo lattake jagorɗo mawɗo mo kamfaniwal A.Y.U Civil Engineering Company Ltd gada 1993 yaari 1999. E ɗungu 2003 arɗiɗo Diiwal Gombe, Danjuma Goje ɓilimo komishinajo ceede e hautuki jaudi. Hauteji Sanaa’aji Yahaya mo membajo e ɗer ɗir hauteji ƙoridi Association of Nation Accountants of Nigeria (ANAN), Nigeria Innstitute of Management (NIM), Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (ACITN). shubtuje/Siyasaje Yahaya mo nasti shubte e dungu 2003 e shuɓal ngomnajo e ɗungu 2015 mo lattake tefowo joɗorga ngomna e subtugo APC e Diiwal Gombe e yalɗe gp’o ɗun lewru Octoba 2018. Mo nyami subtal wurtinki ardotoɗo ɗun diiwal Gombe ɗun suɓal All Progressive Congress (APC) e kuri’aji ɓurdi ɗuɗuki e kuri’aji 859 inare e mo doy sobajo tefuki maako Muhammad Jibrin Barde keɓuɗo kuri;aji 463. E yalɗe 9 gu lewru Maries 2019 ɗun anɗini yimɓe Yahaya kanko ke shubtago e jodargal arɗiɗo diiwal Gombe ɗun 2019. Mo heeɓi kuri’aji 364,179 inare e mo doy subtago tetgo maako mo subtal PDP Sen Usman Bayero Nafaɗa kebɗo kuri’aji 223,868. Bangal e yalji Yahaya mo ɓaagi rouɓe ɗiɗo ɗen bo e mo wodi bacci jewe ɗiɗi ɓe fu maɓɓe e ɓe jodi ɗer gelle Gombe. Hiimoɓe Farfesojo Mahmoud Yakubou ONN DOUN Farfesojo Mohmood Yakubu eriminmoo 1962 e Diiwal Bauchi gongal Woyla faaro fuuna Naajeeriya, Ardiiɗo Hukumaji INEC, tun daga February 2015 eii Don toe jornii Jande Farfesoje Mahmood Yakubu mo jangi janɗe maks e jangirɗe firamare pamarɗe ɗun takobii gonɗun nɗer gelle fororde modiɓɓe gonɗun Toro ɗer diiwal Bauchi eɗer mo himmini njanɗe mako ɗun sakandaree. Eta yeso njanɗe jangirɗe mauɗe bo farfesoje Yakubu waaɗi njanɗe mun ɗe digirimun artuɗun e jangirɗe Shehu Usmanu Danfodio gonɗe diiwal Sokoto e hirna faaro woila Najeeriya eɗen mo njangi janɗe ɗistinirgo. Farfesajo Yakubu ɗenbo o waaɗi janɗe digiri mako ɗiɗaɓun e jangirɗe Wolfsen gonɗun England e Cambridge inare emo njangi huudugo e yimɓe leydi e leydi ɗun mo himmini e ɗungu 1987 mo bo waaɗi digiri mako tataɓuun eɗau ɗistinore Naajeeriya e jangirɗe Oxford gonɗe Birtaniya ɗunmo himmini e ɗungu 1991. Kuugal Farfesajo Yakubu mo neɓii emo njangina e ajngirɗe faraki soljien Naajeeriya ngonɗun Kaduna eɗen mo henɗito inare emo janginta dabareji konu fuu deita eɗenbo areji noniɗe e ɗistinore e kautal leyɗe e leyɗe. Jogago Mangu Farfesajo Yakubu mojagake mangu e mo haaɗe sakatarejo shede e lamu ɗu hautugo lesdi e lesdi ɗunɗun waɗi e hautugo Naajeeriya e ɗungu 2014. Denbo e gaɗaɗon wato e lewru octoba ɗungu 2015 arɗiɗo Muhammadu Buhari ɓilimo e dau mawɗo hukumar subtuge joɗorigo hore mun biago (INEC). Farfesajo hanko ardi subtal mauga gal 2019 ɗenbo ɗun gomna’en diiwal ɗeɗun yahirta wakkatire fere-fere subtal. Ɗen arɗiɗo Muhammadu Buhari fuuiti ɓilkimo e dau hukuma subtugo njoɗorigal haremun biagas (INEC) e ɗungu 2020. Hiimoɓe Ibrahim Hassan Ɗanƙwambo be danyee mou (e yalɗe 4 Aprilie 1962) mo gimɗo siyasaji e Naajeeriya me medgo lattaki ngomnajo Diiwal Gombe e hautugo Naajeeriya. Distinorde maako e kuugal Dun danyi Dankwambo ɗer yalɗe 4 ɗun lewru Aprilie 1962 e Herwagana, Gombe. Mo timmini gonɗe maako e janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University e ɗungu 1985 inare e mo waɗi digiriwal e fannu limgu (Accounting). Mo heɓi digiri ɗiɗaɓun e fannu hautugo jaudi e janngirɗe University of Lagos e 1992 ɗenbo mo waɗi digiri tataɓun e fannu limgal gada janngirɗe Igbinedion University. Mo fuɗɗi kuugal e Cooper & Lybrand e dungu 1985, ɗun mo huwwi e Banki mawɗun ɗun Naajeriya gada 1993 yaari 1999. Gada ɗen ɗun ɓilimo akkantajo janar ɗun Diiwal Gombe, e mo joogi ɗu un mangu ha yaari 2005 ɗun ɓilimo akkantajo janar mo hautugo 20 Aprilie 2005 mo ɗenbo huwwi e Bankiwal mangal gal Naajeriya. Mo jogake ɗu un mangu ha sai ɗe mo waɗi jippaki (resign) mo fuɗɗi kuuɗe tetgal subtugo maako ɗun arɗujo Diiwal Gombe e lewru Januarie 2011. Subtuugo E shubtal gaɗagal e yalɗe 26 ɗun lewru Aprilie 2011 Dankwambo mo heeɓi kuri’aji 596,481, e mo heeɓi nasru eɗau sobaen tetgo maako Alhaji Abubakar Aliyu mo subtugo CPC heɓi 841,959 ɗenbo e sanatajo Sa’idu Umar Kumo mo subtogo ANPP e kuri’aaji 84,959. Ngomnajo (arɗiɗo) E jonde maako ɗun arɗiɗo, Ɗankwambo mo relli ballitowo maako David Mayims Albashi mo njomirawo jaɓi balɗe muɗun e yalɗe 4 ɗun lewru Novemba 2011 e goɗɗun Asibiti ɗun leydi Jamus sababu naunaki kimo nauni e do’eere motawa e yalɗe 28 lewru Augustie 2011. E yalɗe 17 ɗun lewru Disemba 2011, Dankwambo mo ɓiili Tha’anda Rubani e jonɗe ballita ngomnajo gaɗa (ɓawo) fuutuka subtaki maako e ɗungu 2015, Charles Ya’u Iliya mo lattake ballitowo mo a jonɗe maako ɗe ngomnajo Diiwal Gombe ha yaari keral wa’aaduwal maako ɗiɗaɓal e 2014. Ungiiyaaji Mo membajo: Institue of Chartered Accountans of Nigeria (ICAN) Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (CITN) Chartered Institute of Bankers (CIB) Nigeria Institute of Marketers (NIM) Hiimoɓe Hajja Halima Kyari Joda (Alkaman Gudi) hanko ke debbo artuɗo mowoonii fuɗɗuɗo lamaki hukuma pamarun e ɗer jajirka Diiwal Yobe latti emo jogii mangu mawɗo hukuma pamarun ɗun Fika e jonii ɗo. Distinorɗe Margo Maako Halima ɗun ɗayimo e gellel Gadaka e ɗer hukuma pamarun Fika e diiwal Yobe ɗenbo un ɓiyii lasgo Ngamo en gonɗun hukuma pamarun ɗun Fika ɗun diiwal gal Yobe. Un gimɗo sarre eton ɗun ɗayimo. Abbaldi maako un mawɗo firamare (Headmaster) latti mawɗo modiɓɓe firamare. Janɗe Mo janyi firamare e central gonɗun gelle Potiskum. Gaɗa mo himmini ɗen hai mo dilli janngirɗe hakuma gonɗe Nguru bi aɗun GSS Nguru mo heɓe shaidejo himminki sakandarawol. Gada ɗen hala ɗun ɓagi mo gaɗa ɗon hai mo dilli janngirɗe kuugal geesee mo heɓi diflomawol e kononni margo shagge ladde gada ɗon sai mo ɓeddi dillugo janngirɗe Maiduguri mo heɓi anɗitago go digirte artuɗu e wuttudu himarii ɗemle. Hajja Halima moyahii kos e janngirɗe College of Agro Forestry ton magungu gonɗun Nairobi, Kenya e gesa mai zube ɓiyaka maizube Farms gonɗun Gelle Minna e Diiwal Naijer e ɗenbo school of forestry Kano. Kuugal Mo huwii e hutirɗe hakkilango shagge ladde e hutirɗe geesee e hutirɗe moiinoja joɗorɗe e diiwal Yobe amma mo ummorak eɗau kuɗe kautuɗe moɓuri yiɗuki amma mohuwagi kuugal hautuɗe gal ma haiɗe mo waɗi ritaya ehore maho e ɗungu 2012 ɗemo waɗi ritaya hai mo waɗi ko huwanki unguyati (hautuɗe) e ballital hore e hore. Nasruji Hajja mo heɓi nasruji ɗuɗɗi gam e wakka ɗemo huwata hukumaji e hutirɗe helanaki shagge ladde e helanaki joɗorɗe e hutirɗe kuugese mo darake semɓe faro ɗaruki ɗun tooyaki goɗɗo ba ɗen fuu inare edun heɓi tonnigal eɓe jahai ɓe ɓoiina ɓonniɗun figo e ɓeidugo moheɓe nasru yamgo joɗargal hukuma pamarun Fika e les subtal APC e subtugo gaɗago yalɗe 27 ɗun lewru Fabrairie 2021. Huttude Ha wakkatire ɗemo huwata kuugal hukumaji mo wowii e kuttuɗe sabo e mauɗe kuttule ɗe kauti ɗe wuro e ɗe otis eɗe bo fijanki bacci rennuki bacci. E wuttuɗa kuuɗe ungiyaje lattaki maako mo ardake National Council for Women Society of Nigeria (NCWS). Runfaru hautirɗe rouɓe dolɗooɗe rouɓe dau ko nyouwukiɓe e semɓe woɓɓe dayaɓe eɓe shuɗa bacci maɓɓe to dun wanni ɓe teɗe ainan ɗun bo ɗun wailitata. Daraki maɓɓe e eɗau non waɗi ha ardiɗo Ibrahim Gaidam wanginoyi dekawal haɓɓuki gonki eyonki dau moɗun nanyiɗi e gangal badgal fitinki bacci deɓɓi. Mobgiji Mobgiji ɗi mowooni ɗer kanji ngoni National Council for Women Society of Nigeria (NCWS) e mobgal gal remoɓe marorii eɗenbo moble ɗe remoɓe fuu ɗun leydi (All Farmers Association of Nigeria) hau bo mobgal sun flower association e mobgal remoɓe Alkamari (wheat Farmers Association). Mohammed Danjuma Goje (be danyiimou e gal longu lewru Octoba 1952) un arɗujo Diiwal Gombe kiiɗo go hautugo Naajeeriya e les ɗoudi subtugo PDP inare e mo jaɓi laamu e yalɗe e 29 nga lewru Mayie 2001 e wakkatire subtugo Diiwal Gombe ɗun 2003. E jonni bo ɗun gimɗo subtal All Progressive Congress (APC) ɗun. Distinore maako e Kuugal Ɗun danyi Goje e gelle Pindiga gonɗun Akko e Diiwal Gombe mo jangi tayaka Siyasajo e janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University (A.B.U) Zaria. Mo medgo lattaki majaliisaajo dokaji Diiwal Bauchi gada ɗungu 1979 yaari 1983. Goje mo lattake Sakatarejo wuudu linyitojun njamu gonɗun yabi Diiwal Lagos e ɗungu 1984, e mo jogidun ha yaari 1989. E yalɗe 25 dun Aprilie 1998 mo darake tetgo ɗen bo mo heeɓi yamgo joɗargal ngomnajo Diiwal Gombe. Sanatajo wakiltiɗo Gombe e les subtugo United Nigeria Congress Party e hukuma subtugo ɗun leydi (NECON) ɗun, ɗun wattini e subtuki gonijo gurtinaɗo e laamu Janar Sani Abatcha 1999 ɗun waɗani kamfani ɗun inde danyawo maako Hajja Zainab. Goje darake tefuki sanatajo e majaliisaa dokaji Naajeeriya e ɗungu 1998 ɗenbo mo lefti ministajo pamaro mo hiite e jamɗe gada 1999 yaari 2001 les arɗugal Olusegun Obasanjo. E subtal Aprilie 2011 dun subta sanatajo wakiltiɗo Gombe shakajun e ɗau tikitiwal PDP. Teefuuki maugu majalisu Dottien Sanatajo Goje mo darake tefgo maungo majalisa dottien ɗun Naajeeriya amma gada ɓawo mo ɗacci gada tafki kin mo ɗalani sanatajo Ahmad Lawan gaɗa mo joddake e arɗiɗo leydi Muhammadu Buhari e yalde Almahisab ɗun lewru Julie 2019. Hiimoɓe Farfesajo Amina Bashir be ɗanyee mou e ɗer gelle Pataskumo gonɗe ɗer Diiwal Yobe, Naajeeriya e yalɗe jewenayi 9 ga lewru Morse ɗun ndungu 1960, mo wurtoike gada Daya e hukuma pamarun ɗun Fika. Mo lattake farfesajo e ɗungu 2009 lati e destinore diiwal Yobe kanko woni debbo artuɗo yaki jonɗe farfesajo debbo lattiɗo bano Ngorko e fanuu tefgo ilmu e janginki ɗun. Danyowo maako Kinnaɗo Alhaji Garba Daya, mo hakimijo Daya ɗen madakijo Fika, hanko wonii dayawomako mo anɗuɗo edau kononi koirinoje ɗen emo ɗer ɓe hautirɗe waɗugo korinaje eta woila Naajeeriya. Gada mo waɗi ritiya wutau himminago hai mo maɓɓiti sarirde hautugo hoirirɗe ɗe ɗun woɗani inɗe Daya pharmacy. Janɗe Farfesa Amina Bashir mo fuɗɗi firamare e central primary school jonɗun Nguru. Ɗenbo sakotake nattugo firamare St. Patrick primary school goɗɗun pamarun ɗun yimɓe missionary school. Firamare ɓurɗun mangu e gelle maiduguri e wakkatire ɗe ɗun wanni ɗayawomako sakii go inare kuugal yauri gelle maiduguri ɗe dai ɗun fuuiiti sakitanaki aɓɓuldi mata inare kuugal ɗenmo himminki jangirɗe artuɗo firamaremake e Damboa ɗer gelle potiskum goɗa ɗen meheɓe algo janɗe e koleji ɗun Rouɓe gonɗun maiduguri inare emo heɓi himmingo andago go sakandare e ɗungu 1977. Lattaki mako debbo ɗenbo gurtoyiɗo gadi sare anɗuɗe daraja janɗe ɓe hokkuɓe famgo himma semɓe ɓe alayimo mo joɗi e jonɗe ɗe wala ɓeddago ko jonɗe renugo goɗɗun ba, e ila ɓe farimo jangirɗe hebgo famgo kimiyajire e lattuɗe jangirɗe jonde Mubi e diiwal Adamawa komo heɓa yago jangirɗe Ahmadu Bello gonɗun Zariyaa. Mo heɓi nasaru himmango jangirɗe ABU ɗunne e ɗungu 1981 emo heɓi famgo edau anɗuki go digiri edau ɗemgal weɗugo wato ingilishire, koe fiijomo daraki mo goɗaki goɗɗun mo ɓili janɗe mako e tefgo digiri ɗiɗaɓur. Biyaɗur master’s emo jangi janɗe jangin e jangirɗe maiduguri kadima mo waɗi digiri digirgir biyaɗun PhD edau ɗemgal ingilishire (English Sociolinguistic) e jangirɗe mo waɗi watau Ahmadu Bello University zaria. Kuugal Farfesajo Amina Bashir motuɗɗi kuugal mako tun e ɗungu 1982 komo mo yahamo huwana lesdi wata corper mo waɗii kuugal e jangirɗe maiduguri mo huwii semɓe eɗau mo anɗugo dau digiri ɗiɗaɗun e seɗɗa e hakkilo ha mo latti arɗiɗo jangirɗe janginare ɗemgal inglishi ɗun jangirɗe Maiduguri e ɗungu 2010 ha mo latti jonɗe farfesojo gam mo huwi semɓe e ɗendae wakkatire. Enon fu ɗah kuugal e jangirɗe maiduguri ɗen mo farii jangirɗe hautuɗe gonɗe Dutse, eɗan mo latti balattiwe mauɗo jangirɗe ɗen (Deputy Vice Chancellor) e ɗungu 2016 ɗunbo mo latti mauɗo fana fango go noɗunjodarto (Dean Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Federal University Dutse) ekowaddi hanɗe hanko woni dau joɗergal gal. Ballital Farfesajo Amina Bashir e anɗama semɓe ha mo jaar jahowo sumpo jangirɗe fere-fere e inaje fere-fere gaɗa ɗer jangirɗe ɗe mo sumpi wauti e wallu e jonɗe mako ɗe farfesajo ɗe kauti e jangirɗe B.U.K gonɗun Kano e ɗungu 2014, jangirɗe Usman Danfodio gonɗe Sokoto e hakkuɗe (2014 yaari 2016) jangirɗe fadiɓe wonde wudu e hakkuɗe 2016 yaari 2017 e ɗenbo jangirɗe diiwal Yobe gaɗa 2017 ha yaari hanɗe. Komoandira Mo lattake bawuɗoo dau kononi janginki eɗon mo anɗira mo nebdi ema semɓe mo bawuɗo gal mo ɓuru duɓi 35 en waɗagal ɗen ebo emojiita e himari egun jangirɗe fere-fere mo winɗi ɗeroji ko yari tati 3, artikuji e jiɓɓinaɗe koɓuri 40 ɗun mo hollinta wadgo e jangirɗe fere-fere molatake editajo e mujallaji fere-fere e ɗistinarɗe margo mako. Mauninago (Awards) Farfesajo mo jaɓi lambaji manineki ko ɗuɗɗun kautuɗun ɗuɗuki e marde mako nangu gada jangoɓe, kautu ardiɗe eko latti kautuɗe joɗaniɓe koe muuen, e jiki nan ɓelu mako siddi dau emo latti hodere eɗer rouɓe namu e diiwal Yobe tan ma ha e geɓɓal woila faro fuuna gaba go’o fuu. Hiimoɓe Catégorie :Yimɓe Catégorie : Naajeeriya Catégorie : Pelaajo Yobe Bola Ahmed Adekumle Tinubu (be ɗanyiimou e yalɗe 29 Mbooye duuɓi 1952) un accountajo ɗenbo un gimɗo siyasajo ɗun Naajeeriya. Mo lattake laatiɗo jagarɗo shubtal gal All Progressive Congress (APC) gal lego tun wakkatire figgukigal e duuɓi 2013. Mo meɗii waɗgo Gomnajo Diiwal Laagos gaɗa 1999 yaari 2007, e Sanatajo Laagos hirna e wakkatire ramminaɗe jamhurigam tataure. E lewru Janairu 2022 mo hollini aniyawal maako e ɗaraki tefgo arɗaaki Naajeeriya e shubtugal APC e shuɓal mawɗo leydi ɗun 2023. Mauɗo hafsajo soji’en Diiwal Laagos mo 12 Tinubu mo waɗi janɗe maako e fombina faaro hirna Naajeeriya, mo jangi lamgal cede e Aamerik komo huwane liddi yaasi ɗun ɗuuɓi ɗuɗɗi mo wartii Naajeeriya e shaaka duuɓi 1980 ɗenbo waaɗi ko kuugal wailutuuki cede komo nasta siyasaje e jonɗe tefowo sanatajo hirnajun e ɗungu 1992 e les tutawal shubtu Social Democratic Party gaɗa laamotoɗo mo laamu soja’en Sani Abatcha ko maaya majalisa dotti’en e ɗungu 1993. Tinubu mo lattake gaɗowo gurtinawo e gurtotoɗo gam yiiki ɗun wuitinoyi laamu Democracy e jonɗe goɗɗun kautal sangarewal ɗun ungiyaji National Democratic Collition Movement. Fuu e wiikii ɗun tilastake ɗogguɗu gaɗa e wooni e ɗungu 1994, Tinubu mo warti gaɗa maiɗe Abacha e 1998 mo wurtinoyi faaruki saakiitaki saɓɓo yaari jamhuriwal nayaɓal. E subtal goiina diiwal Lagos artuɗo gaɗa sakiitaki saɓɓo, Tinubu waɗi nasru e ɗaɗuugo ɗuɗgo e jonɗe ɓiiyi subtal Alliance for Democracy e dau Dapo Sarumi mo subtal Peoples Democratic Party e ɗenbon nosirudeen kekere. Ekun mo suɓal All Peoples Party. Gaɗa ɗuuɓi naayi masaakitake yamgo laamu yaarimo wa’adu ɗiɗaɗun e dau Funsho Williams e subtal PDP e lattuɓe. Du’un wa’adu ɗiɗaɗun ɗun Tinubu dau ɗun hollini woinininki gelle gal Lagos ebo haure maako e gomnatiwal hautugo leydi les subtal PDP. Tun ɗalukimako laamu e 2007 Tinubu waɗi ko jogaaki manguuma ɗun go’o e ɗer mauɓe-mauɓe ɓe siyasajo e Naajeeriya gommna soɓiraɓe maako eɓe kebbina mauɗe mukamiji e yajirka goɓal fombinawal faaro hirna ɗenbo mo hollini gammol ngol ɗun darata faaro tigguki subtal All Progressive Congress e 2013. Ɗun neeɓi eɗun waɗa wiu-mi-wiiaa anɗinki Tinubu ɗun neeɓi eɗun waaɗa wiu-mi-wii’aa mo fuskantake sheeke-sheeke yamgo kinne e tetugo e demɓo nyame ngonga edau ɗestinore maako. Margu artuɗun ɗun ɗanyi Tinubu e yalɗe leuru Maris 1952 e diiwal Osun, Naajeeriya. Daiɗomo Abibatu Mogaji un gimɗo luumo lattiɗo gaɗa ɓaawo mo latti Iyaloja eta diiwal Lagos. Ilmu Mo halartake jangirɗe firamare ɗe St. John gonɗun Aroloya e Lagos e demɓo jangirɗe hollutuki e bacci gonɗun Ibadan e fombina faaro hirna Naajeeriya. Gaɗa ɗen hai Tinubu midilli America e 1975 inare emo fuɗɗi jonɗe e kolleji Richard J. Daley gonɗun Chicago, Illinois ɗenbo mowaaɗi janɗe e jangirɗe diiwal Chicago. Mo jippini janɗe e ɗungu 1979 hauti e hebgo digiri artuɗun e fannu limgal accounting. Kuugal Artugal Tinubu mo waaɗi kuugal e kamfaniwal America Arthur Andersen, Delatte haskins Sells e GTE Services Corporation. Gaɗa mo warti Naajeeriya e 1983, Bola Tinubu mo nasti Mobil Oil Nigeria, ɗembo mo lattake mauɗo kamfanuji. Ɓangal E Yalji Tinubu mo julɗo emo ɓaga Oluremi Tinubu sanatajo wakiltiɗo Lagos shaaka ejooni minyiraɓe maako Adewale Tinubu hanko woo mauɗo kamfaniwal Oando. Daiɗo Tinubu, Abibatu mogaji mo soiti e yalɗe 15 ɗun leuru Julie 2014 emo woodi duubi 96. Yalɗe 31 ɗun Octoba 2017 ɓiyiiko jiɗe Tinubu mo nangaake nawool ɓerdee e wakkatire nɗe mo wooni London ɗen gaɗaɗon ɗun taɓɓitini maiɗee maako. Mangu Laamorɗe Tinubu emo jogi e laamuji Asiwaju Lagos e lamorɗe fooɗuyeesu ɗun borgo e diiwal neeja Naajeeriya. Bilkisu Muhammad Abubakar un binɗowo e woyla Najeeriya mo laati inɗema anɗa gaɗa mo waari tata e baɗal Hikayata 2018 ɗun BBC wadata. Distinorde margo Ɗun ɗanyi Bilkisu on e gelle Kano gonɗun shiyajun woyla faaro hirna hautugo Naajeriya joni ɗo’o non un jangowo e Janngirɗe Bayero Universy ɗun Kano inare e mo jangata Shari’ah bi a ɗun Law. Nasru maako e BBC Habaru maako dun mo windi ɗun inɗe Zama hanjun yaari mo jonɗe lattaki maako tataɓo e fiijo Hikayata ngo BBC Hausa ngo ɗun waaɗi e ndungu 2018. Lencitaaki Binndoowo Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Kaduna Binndoowo Naajeeriya Abubakar Habu Hashidu Un kiiɗo arɗiɗo mo Diiwal Gombe ɗun hautugo Naajeeriya Alhaji Abubakar Habu Hashidu (10 Aprilie 1944 – 27 Julie 2018) un gimɗo Subtuugo e Naajeeriya ɗenbo un kiiɗo arɗiɗo Diiwal Gombe gonɗun shiyawal woyla faaro fuuna hautugo Naajeeriya gada Mayie 1999 yaari Mayie 2003. Kuugal Hashidu mo meeɗi jogaki muƙaami ministajo albarkai ndiyam ɗenbo mo meɗu ministajo deemal e maruki saareji e wakkatire laamu sajien ɗun janarjo Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Mo lattake membajo e hautugo Vision ɗun janar Sani Abacha tiggi gamma tsarake taswirawo farugo leysɗi yeeso. Siyasaje E Laamu Hashidu hanko woni shubtugo ngomnajo Diiwal Gombe artuɗo e Naajeeriya, Nyeguɗo laamu e yalɗe 29 ɗun Mayie 1999 e les subtugal All Peoples Party (APP). Ballitowo ngomnajo hanko woni Joshua Lidani e lewru Januarie 2003. Shubtal All Nigerian People’s Party gal amintani e Hashidu e jonɗe tetowo ngomna e subtal gal Aprilie 2003. Mo saldari fuu’utuki subteki maako ɗembo mo amintake e manago ɗun hukuma subtugal ɗun leydi jodori dun horemu ɗun. Mo fuu’utuki daraki tefgo ngomnajo Diiwal Gombe e dungu 2007 e subtal DPP ɗun nangimo e lewru Mayie du 2007. Ɗen bo ɗun joynimo e yeeso kotuwal ɗau haure ɗe ɗun seekaata fuɗɗi gada fuɗɗa go tefki subteki maako. Tokkuɓe maako e jogi Areji Haure ɓe koowi kotu majistri e ɗun inare e ɓe njofoyi Hashidu ha ɓe nauni alkalijo on arɗiɗo shari’a ɗun. Hashidu mo soiti e wuro maako e peuɗun pinɗe yalɗe 27 ɗun lewru Julie 2018 gada mo yaari bone e shiya njamu. Faɗɗitaa Hiimobe Fulfulde Dun ɗanyi kinnaɗo Alhaji Muhammad Adamu Dankabo e yalɗe 4 gu leuru Afril ɗungu 1942 e Hukuma pamaren kabo Diiwal Kano. Janɗe Mo jangi janɗe Qur’anawal e gelle kabo mo fuɗɗi firamare e gelle Gwarzo gada ɗun mo heɓi joɗerɗe janɗe e geɓal jangirɗe lardi gonɗun Kano. Kinnaɗo dilli jangirɗe faraki e kuugal firowal dau (girgiwal) eta FTC Kaduna e ɗun jangirɗe bo gonɗun leydi Amurka. Mo heɓe jamminago diflomawol e harkaji suruki girgije dau. Kabɗugal Mo yari bone gabɗugal gaɗa kononii kuugal ɗer wuro yaari leyɗe goɗɗuɗe ha gaɗa jonɗe kakkilanowo firote ha mo latti dokkowo nyamɗu enan mo yaari mallakiɗo firowal gal hare mako e kanfani mako ɗun Kabo Air. Lamorɗe Lattaki mako Adamu Dankabo mo wurtake gaɗa diiwal Kano nanbo Naajeeriya e kuuɗe yaɗuu firoje dau saboe ɗuɗɗun himmanu ɗun Dankabo waɗi e martibinago mako waaɗi lamiɗo Kano Ado Bayero ɓilimo edau joɗer gal jarmajo Kano artuɗo e jonɗe lamu fulɓe Kano. Mobo kokkimo kuugal eɗer kuuɗe kese kauɗe hukuma pamarun Kano ɗun ɗun wurtinoyi gada kautugal Gwarzo emo huwagal ha njomirawo jaɓi yonkimako e yalɗe 4 ɗun leuru Afrilu ɗungu 2002. Andaki Mako Jarmajo Kano anɗirama faro kuuɗe alheri e mo houni fuu e yimɓe zaman mako saboe iri haliji mako ɗun hokkitirki mo heɓe lammineki ɗuɗki e jajirke lesdi ɗin ɗeɗun hauti e Sardaunajo kagoro, Galadimajo Pankshin, Ida Idaha ke Iburutu ɗun Calabar. Maide Mako Kinnaɗo jarmajo Kano Alhaji Muhammad Adamu Dankabo mo maayi e yalɗe 4 gu leuru Afrilu ɗungu 2002 emo woodi dau 60 Muhammad Dankabo mo maayi moɗa yalji mako ɗi ɗuɗɓe. Ɗun nyiɓii gongon hamo ngo sabon gari e gelle Kano e ɗungu 1914 ammanbo ngo fuɗɗayi kuugal nangugal hai e ɗer 1915. Inare Maago Go’o hango luumo wuuro sabon gari gor, heɓinigo e wakkati ɗe ɗun hauti larduji woyla, fombina ɗenbo e lasgo ɗe latti huugotun, hai ɗun latti yimɓe fombina najeeriya ɓe ummoike yaari gelleji woylanko’en ɗe latti e woodi neesuji fer-fere e ɗenbo diinahji hai ɗun latti e ɗenton wakkatire hautugo hoɓɓe e ɓe gelleɗen ɗokki bone e kowaɗi non hai ɗun nyoppiniɓe e galɗon gebal. Hai ɗun latti eɓe gaɗi ko yahirki luɓee maɓɓe e inaje ɗeɓe ngoni. Etanor lumo sabon gari heɓira. Nyiptaki Ngo Ɗun fuuiiti nyiptakigo a les ardurlleji Kano e nyibgal kamam gal zaman e ɗungu 1983. ɗun nyiɓanigo runfaji e buloje ɓoɗeji gongo e ɗunɗun zaman hanjun woni gaɗa e yibgal. Ngo’o luumo hango wooni luumo maugo e Kano. Areji Ɗiɗun Soɗata Eɗun heɓa koɗume areji ɗun ɗun sorata, ɓornugal, latiɗun kamani ɗun turanko’en, paɗɗe moɗe teɗe ɗe turanko’en e ɗume kolutti fu e gonɗun luumo. Yacine Diallo (hitadee ɗanyigoy: lewru oktoba 18-1897 hitadee mayugu lewru Aprilie 14, 1954) goɗɗor siyasa ha leydi Gine goɗɗa mahuyi ha majaalisa je Faransi daga hitadee 1946 yahugo hitadee 1954. Taariki Maako Yacine Diallo ɓe ɗanyimo hawuro laɓe, ha leydi Gine hitadee 1897 umayi yande saffoi naayi ha lewru hitadee 1954 ha wuro Conakry. Hiimoɓe Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim ɓi lesdi Caadi fullo'on woɗontefa faɗɗugo fellel anɗiɗo numugo leddi kanko'on ɗon laara koyaal. Rouɓe je Association of Peul Women and Autochthonous People of Chad (AFPAT) ohuyi kugal mangal woɗon yacceɓe ko ɓe huwata je pavillion of the world indegeneous people’s initiative ɓe pavillion je COP21, COP22 ɓe COP23. Waɗon Hafda Anɗirgoɓe Hindou owondi woɗon fadda fellel kanko’on woɗon huwa doo yimɓe maako asli je mbororoji ha leddi/leysɗi Caadi ojangi ha Ndjamena birniwol mangal ha leydi Caadi shutare maako manfat ɗer linyol maako ɗer asli mbororo en oshutataman moɓuri anɗigo ɓe asli maɓɓe ɗuraɓe, ɗuraɓe na’i ɓe bali. Yaake janngirɗe maako yake ofamti be ɗau follomo jananku fuuɓe anɗigo woɗon fellel man ɗer ɗe maako asli ɗer leddi man noɓe hauti ɓe sanɗiti linyol maako asli maako mbororo’en ɗer maɓɓe wooɗi ɓi heɓi lawul janngirɗe man banano oheɓi. Gamman ɗer 1999, otiggi kautal Association of Peul Women and Autochthonous People of Chad (AFPAT), kanko’on kautal ummatore owartire hakkilo maako gikku bukkwai roɓe ɓe asli mbororo’en ɗer jama’aje mbororo’en ɓe hautigo teddingo arɗigal be daurongo yimɓe faɗɗugo fellel. Kautal man heɓi laawul waɗugo kugal maako hitadee man 2005 daga yakeman woɗon nasta daurango leydi be leydi wailittigo wakkati yakugo yeesu juɗɗun bee tagali fer-fere bee faɗɗugo felle. Hiimoɓe Khadi Diallo (ɓe ɗanyimo ha hitadee 1955) ɓi leddi Kodduwaar o wodi andal al’adaji Faransi. Ɓe takkimo ɗe taffugo aranɗe ɓe “legrand dictionnaire encyclopedique de la Cote Divoire”. Kanko’on ɗon aina al’adaji (biiruki) maɓɓe Kodduwaar ha birniwal leydi Faransa ɓe lammini mo ɗer ɗe je sakatare janar ha hatidee 2014. Taariki Maako Ɓeɗanyimo Khady Diallo ha wuro mangoman leddi Ivory Coast; Abidjan hitadee je 1955. Otimmini janngirɗe maako hitadee 1973 owarti anɗaɗo wawoɗo be wakkere waɗugo sauti ɓe larugo je Societe de Production hitadee 1977. Ha hitadee 1979 owurti ɗer tasha “I LOVE TV” ngam rufugo taskara maɓɓe ha leddi Ivory Coast. Mawɗo yattingo ɗun kanko’on Roger Fulgence Kassy. Hitadee 1983 onnumi fuɗɗugo dictionary be encyclopedia ha leddi Cote Divoire kanko’on Raymond Borremans onnumi daftare man. Ɓesendi kugal man ɓetaffi daftare jonɗe jego ɗer hitadee 1986 ɓawoɗon je New African Editions gwandal fulu loggere andal ɓe balliti ɓe be ceede taffugo ɗereji. Ɓeheyi yesu taffugo ha encyclopedia gam yahugo yesu man. Der hitadee 1996 golnasti ɗer haaɓe ɓolwundiri haaɓe taskata bolugo dohala AIDS hasare television leddi Ivory Coast. Hadeer hitadee 2010 kanko’on heɓi nuɓe kuje faune haa world Festival of Black Arts bernuwal Dakar. Kanko’on ɗon lara al’adaji maɓɓe Ivory Coast ha bernuwal Paris hitadee je 2007 ɓe lamminimo de mawɗo sakatare annaji Francophone je leddi Cote Divoire ha hitadee 2014. Khady Diallo hawowo’on je Ivorian I’ Odre cultural merit. Hiimoɓe Fatumata Djau Balde kanko’on woni ministajo sungullaji yaaci nder leddi Gine-Bisaawo saida ɓe wai litima ha lewru satumba hitadee 2003. O njangi nder leɗe ɗuɗɗum ha gurbarnama leydi Gine-Bisaawo. E mo meɗi wartigo sakatare je hautugo hore yimɓe be kuugal, e ministajo wancigo maɓɓe tugogite, e waɗigo ministajo sungullaji yaasi. O waɗi ministajo nder ha gubarnama, hanko on woni arɗiɗo kumba yala mauɓe suɓi. Shartumar kugal man neɓai soja’en wailittigo lamu ha lewru satumba hitadee 2003. Hiimoɓe Ɗun ɗanyi Sultan Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar e nyalɗe 24 ɗun leuru Juko duuɓi 1956 ɗen un ɓiɗɗo mo lamiɗo julɓe mo 17 Modibbo Abubakar mo tataɓo 111 gaɗɗo lamu jaraɗun njutirka duɓi 50. Marga Mako Sa’ad Abubakar hanko ma mo nlattake gaɗa eɗer Sultan mo 17 Saddiq Abubakar Usmanu lattiɗo fooɗugo duɓi koɓuri sappoje joyi edau joɗargal lamu. Sultan Sa’ad mo nasti kuugal sojien eɗungu 1975 ɗenbo gaɗa mo himmini foraki sojien mo latti lattanana biaɗo mo aniniel gotel gaɗa ɗun’un ɗun ɓo lamiɗo julɓe waadi jange-jange eɗer eyasi Naajeeriya e lesɗe kamano Indiya e Kanada gaɗa wartuki mako wuro o latti kemanɗaje sojien tankawa sojien hokkoɓe renoɓe ɓe ardiɗo lamu janaire Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida e nɗungu 1980. Gaɗa ɗen maho mo lattake komondajo dakaje balliroje ɗun joɗo jam ɗun mabgan OAU e Chadie. Ha e hanɗe lamiɗo julɓe mo lattake wakilijo soji ɗun Naajeeriya e mobga ECOWAS gaɗa lattake wakilijo hautugo sojien Afrika hirnajun go ɗojun kuugal jonɗe jam e Saliiyo. Koɗun ɓilamo lamiɗo julɓe ɗun 20 Sa’ad Abubakar lattake wakilijo sojien Naajeeriya e ofisjun jipporde Naajeeriya e Pakistan ɗen e jonimabo emo woodi ɗebbo tegal ebacci (ɓiyakol). Elenyol Sultan Sa’ad Abubakar hanko wooni ɓiɗor pamaro mo jeweɗiɗi (7) biaɗo Sultan Abubakar Sadiq ɓigel Usman gaɗɗo lamiɗo julɓe ha ko yuutiri duɓi 50. Abubakar dan Usman hanko ke ɓiyi Usman Shehu Usman ɗen taanu Mu’az gada lasgo Shehu Usman ɓiyi Fodio latiɗo umminɗo ɗe e daulare ɗe Usmannniya eko ɓuri duɓi 200 shalli ɗi. Eko waddi kinnaɗa lamiɗo julɓe mo 19 shoitu ɗo Sa’ad hanko ke mo 5 donuɗo leso lamu ngon. Janɗe Bello njunaidu ɗun wuudu kautoru ɗistinorɗe daulare Usmaniyya e Sokoto mo wiii lamiɗo heeɓi ilmu diina eka zaman tun e faro ummirajo mako. Mo waɗi janɗe allowal e jangirɗe gonɗe julirɗe Shehu haade e wuuro lamiɗo julɓe mo waɗi janɗe e jangirɗe Doma e Sokoto komo dilla jangirɗe Barewa gonɗe Kaduna e Zariya gaɗaɗun bo mo salake jangirɗe kuugal sojien gal Naajeeriya biagal Naajeeriyan Defence Academy ɗer ɗungu 1975. Mo jange e hebgo foreki e Indiya e kan e jonɗe sojijo emoɗer dilluɓe hautugo mango go hautugo duniyaru e ballitogal jonɗe jam e ɗustugo nastinoiki areji haure ɗunɗun waaɗi e gellel Accra ɗun leydi Ghana. Manguji Dimo Jogi Sultan Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar III mo he maugu second lieutanant e ɗungu 1977, emo gaɗa ɗo mo latti komandajo mo musamman e renoɓe mauɗo leydi mo lamu sojien e wakkatire ɗe lamu Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida kazalika mojogake mangu gu nastoɓe hakkuɗe gaɗa wuttudi maroɓe hautugo jaudi Afirika biago ECOWAS gaɗa ndungu 1995 yaari 1999. Kuugal Lamiɗo waɗi kuuɗe ɗuɗɗe edau ballital jonɗe jam e Naajeeriya e Afirika ko lutti lesde duniyaru. Lamiɗo Sa’ad mo ardake hautaɗe hautaɗe sojien Afirika e les hautuɗe lesde Afirika ɗe ɗunjoini gan hebanke lesdi Chadi jonɗe jam e duɓi 198. Hanko woni komandajo arɗiɗo bataliyawal 231 go sojien ECOMAG e koonu Saliyo gaɗa 1999 yaari 2000. Wakiltago Gaɗa ɗungu 2003 yaari 2006 Sultan Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar mo lataki wakilijo Naajeeriya dokkowo shawari eda renuugo e lesdi Pakistan. Denbo saboe holluku wawuki kuugal e nasrɗun ɓeidi mangu kuugal maako gaɗa Pakistan yaari Iraki e Iran e Afganistan e Saudiyya e jonɗe dokkowo shaworiji ekononi renugo e zaman lamu Obasanjo. Algo Kuugal (Ritaya) Mo yaari jonɗe Burgediya janarjo ko mo latto lamiɗo julɓe. Mo waɗii ritaya e yalɗe boɗu leuru December 2006 goɗa gogguɗo duuɓi 31 e kuugal sojien. Laamu E nyalɗe 2 ɗun leuru Nuwamba 2006 mo jaɓi lamu lamiɗo julɓe Naajeeriya gaɗa maide mauniko (maunirawo) Sultan Muhammadu Maccuɗo e do’oyaki firowal (jirgiwal AD) ɗalgal Abuja yahaii Sokoto e yalɗe 29 ɗun leuru octoba 2006. Gaɗa lattakimako lamiɗo julɓe Muhammadu Sa’adu III mo ɗenbo heeɓi jonɗe mauɗo haugo julɓe ɗun Jama’atul Nasril Islam (JNI) ɗenbo mauɗo joɗerɗe ɗefuu ɗe diinah Islama ɗun Naajeeriya (NSCIA). Nonbo e 2015 mo nasti jeriwol yimɓe anɗaɗe heɓɓe mauninago Global Seal of Integrity (GSI) dau gamol gol mo wamii faro hautuki koe ummatore Naajeeriya eɓe wuttuɗu. Diiwal Sokoto Denbo e zaman mako ɗun fasarake ɗereji jaddadiɗo ɗun Usman Danfodio e Abdullahi Fodio e Muhammadu Bello e Nana Asma’u gamma ummatore. Jonii mo hautiɗiri kuuɗe fassirgo e kinnaɗo Abubakar Imam waɗi e kuuɗe gaɗaɗe zaman lamiɗo julɓe Dasuki no anɗudo daulare Usmaniyya Bello Njunaidu. Enon bo gada ɗer kuuɗe mako maroje ilmu e fago yeso yimɓe lamiɗo ƙirƙirake wonɗe joɗarɗe fau galɗe Almahisa ɗun ɓaiɗanki bandiraɓe anɗuki dau matsalaji hande e koɗega ɗon ɗun noɗɗoita moɗiɓe gara ɓia goɗɗun eduu ɗereji goɗɗun mauɗui. Lamiɗo ɓeiɗi maruki famgo e lummatore Sokoto ɗe arɗiɗo leydi kiɗo Shehu Shagari ardi biaɗe Sokoto Development Trust. Fuu wakkatire habbirɗe (Sallah) lamiɗo e ɗen hauta lamɓe e arɗiɗe e ɓe jaudi ɓe ɓolwa dau masala janɗe e magukiɗun ɗenbo ɗun hautana resarde ɗen shede. Bello Njunaidu mo wii eɗun wada antani e shede dese ɗen faro ekkutuki yimɓe kuugal jungo gal ɓe jogarto koe maɓɓe kamani ekkitaki komfita nyotol eko lutti kuuɗe juuɗe fure. Nyiɓol julirɗe-anɗuɗo ɗistinore daulawal Usmaniyya mo hollin wigo lamiɗo julɓe nyiɓi julirɗe e inaje ɗuɗɗe e komo holli ɗun anɗa kerol majema. Mo nyiɓi julirɗe e Nasarawa e Kogi ɗenbo ɗun anɗa kerol majebo nomo wii. Wo inki hubbare-wooinki hubbuje artuɓe maiɓe eɗun ɗer ballital lamiɗo Sa’adu. Lamorde hautirɗe ɗe ɗe wii lamiɗo Sa’adu mo moini inare hubbare Muhammadu Fodio danyawo Usman Dan Fodio moɗun uwii e geɓal gwadabawa. Hiimoɓe Alpha Oumar Barry (1925-1977) ɓi siyasa ha leydi Gine ɓi majalisa minista jagwarɗo Ahmed Sekou Toure jamhuriya Gine je arande ɓawo nungugamo o mayii je camp boyro. Taariki maako Ɓe ɗanyimo Alpha Oumar ha hitadee be 1925, oheɓi ekkitigo kugal doktor ha Bardeaux ɓe Faransa. Ɓe lamminimo mawɗo molarata jaamu ha kindia ɓe lammini Alpha Oumar minista fetel ɓe canjindiri ha majalisa minista’en deeɓe yaccika yonɗe 19 je lewru yuni hitadee 1972. Otawama ɓi siyasa je jam’iya (parti) Democratic Party of Gine (DPG). Ha fere mufturɗe daɗɓi toɓe habaruji yanɗe ɗi dafre lewru ha Augusta hitadee 1976, Sekou Toure ohokki yenigo nannugugo conakry wiiɓe fere hauti be telli Diallo, Alpha Oumar Barry, lamine kouyate be Alioune Drame. Ɓe fat maɓɓe Alpha Oumar be Alioune Drame. Ɓe ɗon wonɗi sobi raɓe Telli Diallo daga ɓe famarɓe. Ɓawo nongugomo kwamanda babal yumɓe Sekou Toure, oyarɓi lilal koɗuɗi ɓe yarana Alpha Oumar daga arɗiɗo Toure oyiɗino obawono obiiya kanko hauti tifule man kanko’on wailika lari wailitika. Ragere man wojaɓiɓe Alpha Oumar ɗen omani. Yanɗe saffoi ɗiɗi hitadee fabairu 1977, Alpha Oumar be luttuɓe ɓe hautiɓe doɓe leɓe ɓe numi be haɗiɓe yamdu be diyam. Omayi yende nogas ejego ha lewru fabairu hitadee 1977. Faɗɗitaa Ousmane Balde (omayi hitadee 1971) anɗuɗo horerisku ha leydi Gine ɓi siyasa. Kanko’on jaagorɗo mawɗo banki je leydi Gine hitadee 1963-1964, o waɗi minista horerisku be ceede. Ɓe sargimo be wonugo ɓiyumgu yari yake Portokeesi taari ha leydi Gine, ɓe nangi mo denɓo ɓe ɓilimo ɓekitayimo je 1971 je Ibrahim Barry, magassouba mariba kaita karaɗe sofiane be luttuɓe. Hiimoɓe Amsatou Sow Sidibe (ɓe ɗanyiimou hitaande 1953) Mallum jo’on bo lauya’on ɓi siyasa ɓi’on ha leydi Senegaal. Hitaande 2012 kanko’on debbo arnɗe woɗon deer yimɓe wurti beesuɓaɓe cubol mu’ar dantaɓe ha leddi. Amsatou farfesa wakkare kiita ha Jami’ah Cheikh Anta Diop (Jami’a je Dakar) woɗon huwa kanko’on darekta je jaburu yeɓugo hore ɓiɓe Adama be Donde jam. O tiggi ɗenbo o huyi ɗer ɗe maako ha arɗiɗo be kautal yahugo yeesu roɓe Afirik (RAFET), woni ha wuro Dakar. Derkuɗe maako fere-fere Amsatou dauriniɓe diflomasiyya gam jaamu roɓe andal fundigo taagale, ballitirgo noɗun waɗata sardiman gam yamugo neɗɗaku roɓe be taskugo sardi’on fanɗigo tagali Senegaal hitadee 2010, moyiɗi jam’iyya siyasa cuɓol ɗer saare je leydi gam ƴeɓugo roɓe wakkati gotel. Ko famɗi areta kanɓe’on deriniɓe. Amsatou o bii “roɓe ɗon boliwa gam fotiggo ha toifu ho ɗer laddi”. denbo o bii ɓe yiɗi be daara ha ɗer de manga gam ta’ugo dourugo hundeman tilim ɗum. Amsatou Sidibe o heyi janngirɗe University of Paris II, o heɓi digiri tataɓo wakkare kiitabe kimiyya siyasa. Hiimoɓe Ousmane Sow Cehoowo haa Senegal (10 Octoba – 1 Decemba 2016) goɗɗo leydi Senegaal woɗon safa yimɓe dudɓe. Tariha maako Be danyimo haa Birniwol Dakar leydi Senegaal yanɗe saffo (10) lewru octoba hitande 1935. ɓawo mayugo Baba maako hitande 1956 o’ acci leysɗi Dakar wudilli jangugo leydi Faransi haaton o heɓi digiri ɗiɗi wakkere andal dimɓogo ɓandu. O hoti Senagaal ɓawo ɓehefti laamu mamɓe hitadee 1960 o foɗɗi kuugal doktore ɓandu. Ɓawo ɗon olori Faransi wodinɓi ɓandu maako olori olorti senegal hitande 1978. Umayi haa Dakar yinde go’o lewru Decemba hitande 2016 o woɗi duɓi (81) haa duniyaru. Kuugal Ousmane Sow o heɓɓi saatal koffi hiɓugo hotoji leni riefenstalil jee yimɓe nuba wonoɓe funbin a Sudan bee hitande 1984 o fuɗɗi seɓigo derkujeji tokkindiri kujekayafi der yimɓe maslaɓe dimbobe ɓandu haa nuba. Gammamɓe o fuɗɗi taskare kesum kuje hugo kesum. Seɓe ɓe ohollata be Centre Culturel froucaisde dakar haa hitadee 1987. Sow ɓawo ɗon oseɓi yimɓe maasai, haa zulu, Fulfulde ya huga yagere hitadee 1990s be yimɓe leydi Amerik. Nasaru maako O mafti yimɓe luumo andal leydi be leydi duɓɓe der momɓe be Documenta IX be kassel der hitadee 1992 be Palazzo Grassi be venice yakeman be hitadee 1995. Ɓe wondi man Pont des Art ha Paris der duɓi hitadee 1999. Ɓe hokkimo lamba mauugo wakkere Prince Clouse duɓi hitadee 2008, manugo al’aada ɓandu goɗɗo wo ɗon der yimɓe saffo go’o heɓigo nasru. Yinde 11 lewru Aprilie hitadee 2012 ɓe suɓɓi mo Sow haa derɗe Membre Associe Etranger (moɓɓe hauti koffi maɓɓe hayase) je Academie des Beaux-arts jee Institute de France, mu wari mari Fillel Andrew Inyeth kanko’on goɗɗo ɓalejo muɓe arti suɓugo gom memba. Hiimoɓe Aminata Diallo Glez Neddo filmi ha Burkina Faso ɓe purodusa Aminata Diallo Glez (hitadee danyigo 1972) ɓe danyimo haa dori Burkina Faso, Bingel filmi be purodusa moɓeɓuri andigo inde Kadi Jolie. Taariki maako Aminata Diallo go to maɓɓe dirɓilawai je nai je Hassan Diallo, doktor dabbaji hautigo be mandy Togoyeni kuɓe danyi. Daga o yeɗi o warta doktor ammon Baba mayi hitadee haa 1983. Yake man wa ɗon janngirɗe sakandirere o yehi yesu be janngirɗe maako ha wemtenga, wakkare ouagadougou. Ɓawo hautigo be Theatre de la Fraternite o fotti be fujoɓe filmi je Jean-Pierre Guingane ɓawo o timmini janngirɗe onesti der ummatore. Do’o yahaye so do janngirɗe mawɗo do’o heɓi fillel janngirɗe haa wakkere andal dinga ha janngirɗe Ouagadougou University, o warti mawɗo fijirje filmi kanko be Theater de la Fraternite. Hitadee arande 1990 Fanta Regina nacro o accimo uwarta ha der filmi inde Puk-Nini. Haa ɗon on ɓe andimo ubangi tulimɗo. Kanka’on mawɗo tulimdo filmi je Kadi Jolie, o heɓi sobi raɓe wakkere Afirik. O tiggi kamfaniwal maako inde man Jovial Productions, kamfaniwal maako o heɓi filmi juɗɗe duddum hautibe Trois Hommes, Un Village (mubari heɓugo sahu filmi boɗugo (Best Series) ha fillel FESPACO 2005), Trosi Femmes, un village be super flicks (konanun marc be malika). Hitadee 2006 o tiggi fillel ɓangal al’aadaji be “Fest Arts”. O bangi Damien Glez bindowo kuje janliɗeje Jeune Afrique. O wurti jahagal seɗɗa fofugo nder ummatore gam oyaha osikula dada maako yaunan gimo kansa o mayi hitadee 2019. Filmi maako Puk Nini de Fanta Régina Nacro (1996) as Ada Conseils d'une tante d'Idrissa Ouedraogo (2001) as Kadi Jolie Kadi Jolie d'Idrissa Ouedraogo (2001) as Kadi Jolie Hiimoɓe Fulfulde Khadidiatou Diallo danyaɗo leydi Senegaal bindiwo un Pulaar kanko’on tiggi kautal man Groupe de Femmes Pour l’Abolition de mutilations Sexuelles (GAMS) ha liddi Beljik. Taariha maako Ɓe meɗi sekugo Khadidiatou Diallo daga woɗon mari duɓi be ɗiɗi woɗon mari duɓi saffo ɗiɗi ɓe ɓangimo o anda goɗɗo marɗo duɓi caffouetati-etati ko ɓe danyimo. O yetti leydi Beljik der ɗuɓi hitande 1980s. Marɗo ɗubi logas inayi, jangugo bindigo o fuɗɗi bindigo taariki maako. Bindirde maako ballitimo hataskuko o nati hader kusali. Hasre be satal hore haddigo roɓe Khadidiatou o tiggi kkautal man inde man Groupe de Femmes Pour l’Abolition des Mutilations Sexualles (GAMS) hitadee 1996. Saahugo/Ɓesahimo Der hitadee 2005, ɓe hokkimo lamba manugo Prix Femme de l’anne marie Popelin daga ɗon Conseil des Femme Francophones de Belgique. Dereji maako Khadidiatou Diallo, mon destin entre les mains les mains de mon pere, Bruxels, ed. Alpha Alpha 2016. Hiimoɓe Fulfulde Dajaili Amadou Amal binndoowo’on leydi Kamerun o wurti der Fulɓe woweɗtefa faddigo hakke roɓe. Taariki maako Djaili Amadou Amal fullo’on asli maakon diamane wayla leydi ɓe Kamerun. O mawni haa wuro ɓiri maunugo maroua bo bindi do al’aadaji Fulɓe ɓe numugo jonde Fulɓe je nani be jee jonta. Kuɗeji maako ɗon lara jonde roɓe Fulbe be sungullaji maako no o joɗi haa Sahel, noɓe joɗi be falai robe. Der ɗereji maako hautibe walande, woɗon bol wa dou daute e go debbo koɓori gotel hakkunde Fulbe ɓe boyi te e go roɓe ko ɓori gotel. Walande o hokki habar roɓe fere ɓe nayi ɓe ɓangal gurko gotel. Dereji ɗiɗi der ɗereji maako kanjim o a mistiriijo be la mangeuse d’ames (be inngilis wodon numa, “The Eater of Souls”) luttano binder ɗe maako o bindiɗe be Faransi. Manurɗe/Omanaɗo Yande ɗiɗi lewru Decemba, hitadee 2020, Djaili Amadou be ɗerewal maako les impatientes o heɓi ɗerewal manugo adabi Faransankore caffan e tati – e tati, Prix Goncourts des lyceens darɗe maako arandejo kanko’on bindiwoje Afirik kanko’on yotti yagare gasar adabi. Bannibo ɓe wati ɗereji maako dardee Choix Goncourt de l’orient yolade je tati lewru Disamba hitadee 2020, Choix Goncourt UK yaladee saffoi je tati lewri Marie je choix goncourt Tuniisi yaladee tati lewru Aprilie 2021. Non non ɓelanmini mo bindiwo man jakadia ha UNICEF o hoyi kuugal hairu yande jo lewru Marie hitadee 2021 o balliti ummatore UNICEF wodeɗtefa o ballita bukkuwai fetel fetel. Hiimoɓe Yimɓe Pelaajo Kamerun Binndoowo Binndoowo Kamerun Fulfulde Kanal Mohammed Inuwa Bawa rtd (6 Aprilie 1954 – 26 Mayie 2017) ɗun ɓiliimo e jahiro e Diiwal Ekiti, Naajeeriya e wakkatire laamu solja ɗun janarjo Sani Abatcha Gada ɗen hai ɗun ɓilimo e dau jahirowo e Diiwal Gombe gada lewru Augustare 1998 yaari Mayie 1999 inare e mo likaani shiɓa mo humnere ranere e artuɗun jamhun nayaɓun ɗun Naajeeriya. Distinore Ɗun danyi Bawa e yalɗe 6 ɗun lewru Aprilie 1954 e yaari Diiwal Kebbi mo janjanɗe e janngirɗe Koleji ngomnatiwal gonɗun Keffi e biɗɗa ɗen bo mo fari janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello University gonɗe Zariya. Gaɗa mo jangi e janngirɗe Madras ɗe Inndiya. Nastuki solja ɗun hokkimo jonɗe laftanarjo ɗiɗaɗo e 1976 kebbuduɗo latti e 1980 kaftinjo e 1985 e mawɗo e 1990. Kuugal Dun ɓili e jonɗe jahirawo ɗun diiwal Ekiti gaɗa dun tiggigal e lewru Octoba 1996 e ta gonyal geɓal gal diiwal Ondo. Gaɗa maide janarjo Sani Abatcha, donuɗomo janar Abdulsalami Abubakar mo soitimo diiwal Gombe e wakkatire hokkutuku laamu e laamu democracio dun ɗun himmini e lewru Mayie 1999. E jonde maako ɗe kakkilanowo diiwal Gombe, mo fuɗɗi hakkilanki e Niijeer gonɗuɗe keerol e Naajeeriya gam ɗustuki hultuki keeri ɗi konoɓe yimɓe. Siyasaji Mo heɓayi nasru e jonɗe lattado tefowo joɗorgal diiwal Kebbi e danɗal Action Congress (A.C) e shubtal Aprilie 2007. Bawa mo soitii Asibitiwal Jos, Naajeeriya e yalɗe 26 ɗun lewru Mayie 2017 sababu nyawu kemgu mo sababu tiyata ɗun ɗun wannimo mo soiti e mo wodi ɗuubi 63. Jaangirɗe Laagos nɗe ɗun ɓun anɗireka e UNILAG un janngirɗe e gelle Laagos, laamorde Diiwal Laagos, Naajeeriya. E ɗe golo eɗer janngirɗe ƙarnuwal artugal e Naajeeriya ɗen bo ɗun tiggigal e ɗungu 1962. Jannguɓe hiiɓe Janngirɗe ɗe hebani anɗaɓe yimɓe ɗuɗɓe bano hautuɓe e: Wande Abimbola Niyi Adebayo Oladipupo Olatunde Adebutu Olamilekan Adegbite Wale Adenuga Ayo Aderinwale Kunle Adeyemi Adebayo Clement Adeyeye Gbenga Adeyinka Ernest Afiesimama Goddy Jedy Agba Abisoye Ajayi-Akinfolarin Fabian Ajogwu Lola Akande Omoyemi Akerele Bola Akindele Funke Akindele Rilwan Akiolu Mary Akpobome Hiimoɓe Catégorie : Janngirɗe Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Laagos Janngirɗe Bayero Kano nɗe ɗun ɓun anɗireka e BUK un jaangirɗe nɗer gelle Kano, ɗer Diiwal Kano, Naajeeriya. Dun tiggigal e nduungu 1962 e gal wodi jangoɓe 37,747. Mawɗo janngirɗe ɗen hanko woni Farfesajo Muhammad Yahuza Bello. Guttuli jannginki Janngirɗe Bayero e ɗe wodi guttuli jannginki e ɗuɗɗi kautud e bano: Wultudu tagaaka jamu ɓanɗu Deemal Adabuji e famgo ɗemgal Renuuki jaamu Ilmu dabareji janginki Injiniyaaku Ilmu shariaa Ilmu tayaaka Nyibgal e woynki joɗarde Ilmu anɗuuki lekkiiji Tayaaka joɗadaki e yimɓe Tayaaka na’urawal (ordinateer) ngal ngaaɗi Ilmu ekkitaaku kuugal hokkuki habaruji Jannguɓe maagal hiiɓe Janngirɗe ɗe hebani anɗaɓe yimɓe ɗuɗɓe bano hautuɓe e: Abba Gumel Ahmad Sani Yerima Farooq Kperogi Farouk Lawan, dan siyasa Ibrahim Sheme Jamilah Tangaza Jumai Bello Moses Ochonu Mukhtar Shehu Idris Saleh Mamman Zaynab Alkali Zuwaira Gambo Hiimoɓe Catégorie : Janngirɗe Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Kano Audu Idriss Umar be danyiimou e yalde 28 gal lewru Decemba 1959) ɗun subtimo sanajo wakiltiido Gombe shakajun e Naajeeriya. Inare e mo jaɓi laamu e yalɗe 29 ɗun lewru Mayie 2007 ɓiyi subta All Progressive Congress (APC) ɗun. Distinore maako e jande Dun danyi Abdullahi e yalɗe 28 ɗun lewru Decemba 1959 mo heeɓi digiri digirgir (LLB Hon). Mo arti mo jangi janɗe Shari’ah ɗun Naajeeriya gonɗun Victoria Island, Laagos. Inare e mo latta keɓɓidinɗo lauyajo. Siyasawal/Shubtule Dun subtimo e jonɗe majalisajo waakiilie’en e ɗungu 1999, ɗenbo ɗun fuiti subtukimo e 2003, ɓawo mo nyegi joɗergal maako e majalisa’en ɗun ndotti’en e 2007 – 2011. Mo lattake mawɗo kwamitiji e dau hautirde solji’en dau gelle mawɗe huwirde shede e shari’aa e enshiwal ɓiyi taagu e shari’aa. E nder tantanshaki henyugu e sanata’en ngadi e lewru Mayie 2009. Thisday wi i mo wala goɗɗun ƙuduri kamati ɗun e gaɗa ammo ɓe koshi tedduɗu yahirki ƙuduraji ɗin. E jonɗe maako de mawɗo kwamitiwal shahintegal renugo ɗun majalisu dotti’en dau konooni nyamdu, mo hoɗorake nyairi dam ɗun Kafin Zaki ɗun ɗun holirta holo dau majun ɗer lewru Aprilie 2009 hauti e jaɓuuki nyibgo helirgo ndiyam. Hai den Ahmad Ibrahim Lawan mo Yobe e ta woyla mo noddi ɗun hoɗero kuutiro ɓe e juggol ngol jama’are ko mo hosha mangaɗun. E lewru Augustie 2009 Sanatajo Lawan mo wolwii e dau sirgago Dam ɗun. Mo hollimi wiigo ndiyam kelaɗam ɗan tig e Shallawa gonɗun dallal Haɗejia ɓe arti ɓe ɗusti dogginirdi ndiyam e leddi sembe dembo dallol Jama’are hanjum ke furtu mawɗu ɗu ndiyam e dallol Yobe. Mo wi’i kelirdi ndiyam ɗi ɗimiri e shiya mawɗun e ɓeidago laddel ɓagol e haure hakkuɗe remoɓe e duuroɓe. Gada ɗon hai arɗiɗo leydi Goodluck Ebele Jonathan mo ɓi limo ministajo ko yilorte w ɗungu 2011 gaɗa maidee arɗiɗo Umaru Musa Yar’adua. Hiimoɓe Janngirde Ahmadu Bello ɗe ɗun ɓun anɗireka e ABU un janngirde ngomnatiwal e ɗer hawtugo Naajeeriya gonɗun Zariyaa e ɗer Diiwal Kaduna ɗun tiggigal e yalɗe 4 ɗun lewru October 1962 duuɓi ɗiɗii gaɗa hebtuuki hoore Naajeeriya. Artuɗun ɗun wiiɗe janngirde woyla Naajeeriya. ABU was founded on 4 October 1962, as the University of Northern Nigeria. Janngirde ɗen e ɗe wodi guuli ha ɗiɗi Samaru (nyiiɓol artugol janngirɗe ɗen) e Kongo ɗer Zariyaa. E wodi lisal maare ɗun wuwuki danɗal e gelle Funtuwa lattiɗe goɗuɗe fooɗigo kilomiteer seɗɗa gada gada nyiiɓol yolɗe janngirɗe ɗen nyolde mawɗe ɗen e ɗe Samaru haire wodi cuuɗi jangikii famgo (ilimu) hakkilango njaamu. Tayaaka nyumtugo margu, tayaaka noɗun joɗerto, diidugoo – diidugoo famgo ɗemle, tayaaka naɗɗugo njoɗerte, injiniyaaku, tayaaka ɗaroɓe jaamu, tayaaka demal ɗenbo e inaje li’utuki, nyolɗe Kongo ɗembo ɗen ke sashiwa yahirki woni ɗun bo wodi baano janginki baano limgal cede, ilmu wadgo luumo, ilmu ekkitakii yaadu e laamu e ko lutti. Janngirde ɗen dai ɗe nyaami innde Sardaunajo Sokoto on, Alhajijo Sa Ahmadu Bello un hanko ke firimiyajo wwoyla artuɗo Naajeeriya. Jannguɓe hiiɓee Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello nɗe waaɗi anɗaago faaro anɗinki e yimɓe anɗaɓe e ardiiɓe Naajeeriya e ɗer haa e ngomna’en hiiɓe e minista’en ɗubbe gada ɗer jannguɓe hiiɓe e wodi: Adamu Aliero Ahmed Abdullah, OON Aisha Alhassan Alash'le Abimiku Anthony Ayine Atiku Abubakar, GCON Ayodele Awojobi Magaji Abdullahi Mohammed Bello Adoke Muhammed K. Abubakar Saude Abdullahi Solomon Arase Sunday Awoniyi Yayale Ahmed Hiimoɓe Catégorie : Janngirɗe Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Kaduna Jaangirde Maiduguri e andira e inde UNIMAID, Jami'are Maiduguri Jaangiirde den e Lamurde Maiduguri Diiwal Borno nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Doum tiggi Jami'are den nder ndungu ngu 1975 hauti e muraduuji janngirle den be latto go’o nder maude mawɗe janngirle leydi Naajeeriya. Jami'are Maiduguri e hokka famtugo ilimu wodude to jangobe bo no kanuurien e Fulbe burbe duuduki nder Jami'are nder. Jami'are Maiduguri e wodi yimbe burbe dubuje sappande didi e jowi (25,000). Mawɗo Jaangirde den hanko woni farfesajo Ibrahim Njodi. Guttuli jannginki Jaangirde Maiduguri e ɗe wodi guttuli jannginki e ɗuɗɗi kautud e bano: Jannguɓe hiiɓe Abubakar Sani Bello Aliyu Shugaba Danladi Umar Farfesajo Andrew Haruna Farfesajo Babagana Umara Zulum Hadiza Sabuwa Balarabe Ibrahim Kpotun Idris Imrana Alhaji Buba Jude Rabo Laftanar-Janar Tukur Yusuf Buratai Mele Kyari Okezie Ikpeazu Orji Uzor Kalu Sanajo Bala Mohammed Sanajo Lawal Yahaya Gumau Sanatajo Ahmad Ibrahim Lawan Umar Buba Bindir Nassiji Catégorie : Jaangirde Mawɗo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Diiwal Borno Nasir El'Rufai o neddo Naajeeriya dimaande Kaduna goɗɗo siyasajo Naajeeriya, Ardiiɗo Diiwal Kaduna. Hiibobe Fulfulde Rabiu Musa Kwankwaso Rimande Kano nder dungu/duuɓi abli e jowe nain e sappande jowi e jowe go'o (1956) nder lewru sappo (October). O neddo rimande kwankwaso nder Kano Naajeeriya, e mo nder maube maube be siyasen lesdi Naajeeriya. O ardake diwal Kano dou Ardido jogido gwamnati diwal ngal, ko sa'i 1999-2003 e kadin yaki 2011 - 2015. O warti ministajo larnuki jonde jam nder lesdi Naajeeriya. Ardido lesdi Naajeeriya mo denno biyetedo Olusegun Obasanjo hokki mo ardare ministajo ko lutti sa'i 2003-2007. Habaru Maako Ilmu Hiimobe Fulfulde Jangirde Joseph Ayo Babalola un jangirde joɗoriɗe hoore muɗun gonɗe Naajeeriya ngonɗe ikeji-Arekeji Diiwal Osun, Naajeeriya ɗe ɓe mallakiwal churwal [Apostolic Christ] (CAC) Tiggi e ɗunmgu 2004 e jonɗe magal e Duuniiyaru. Inɗe jangirde ɗen un inɗe mauɗo churwal Apostolic Christ Joseph Ayo Babalola (1904-1959); Eɗe ɗon e inare njomirawo e noddi lilaɗo mo faɗɗa ogobungo ogre e 1928. Jangirde Joseph Ayo Babalola un huwiirde heuɗe. Jangirde ɗen ede jangina coursji ɗuɗɗi e jangirde ɗen bani: Taayaka deemal, Taayaka jiɗorde yinɓe, laamu,Taayaka yahirgo,Taayaka ɗimgu e Taayaka no ɗun joodorto Taayaka njaamu. Saboe furtu maagal un ngal kiristaen ɗun waii umuniwal Rouɓe e worɓe ɓe taaro ɓalli e jonɗe maɓɓe e inare wakkatire ɗe ɓe ngoini e dammugal jangirde ɗen. kaire ke jangirde luumo artuuɗe e Naajeeriya mauɗo jangirde ɗen Artuɗo kanko Woonii martibinaɗo lamiɗo Kano kiiɗo Oba (Dr) Oladele Olashare (CON) Jangirde Joseph Ayo Babalola nɗe ɗun noddirta (JABU) Noddirde gan ilmu e ibadaji huuɗeji ɗi cuuɗiɗi. Ɗun tiggi jangirde ɗen e 2004 Chancellor Jo on oluwaeemimo Odunaiya Ballitowo mauɗo jangirde KIT Enoila mo kuugal Jangoɓe 4000+ Inare-Ikeji-Arekeji Diiwal Osun Naajeeriya 7°24'58"N 4°58'08"E launuuji Ɓaleji,koreeji e nƴibbuɗi,koɓe teefertee www.jabu.edu.ng. Hiimobe Stefania Turkewich-Lukianovych yo debbo dimado nyande sappande ɗiɗi e jowi nder lewru afrilu dungu abli jowe tati e sappande jowe nain e jowe tati (12th April, 1898) bo o mayi jowetati nder lewru afrilu dungu afli jowe nain e sappande jowe didi e jowe didi no Holli do ninnan. (25 Sedto, 1898 - 8 Sedto, 1977) Stefania yo debbo gimowo e fidu wurdidu. Kanko woni debbo burdo wawuki fiki wurdighol e gime. Hanko woni debbo arandejo nder lesdi Ukraine burdo wawuki fiki wurdughol ghol e gimol nder jaman maabbe. Ranmo e mo buri ko moi wawuki fiki wurdughol jaman maabbe Amman lesdi maako de soviyet hadi moo yimuki e fiki wurdughol ghol nder lesdidin. Tariha Maako Holli o ɗanyaama nder lesdi biyetedi Lviv gondi nder auztriya (Austria) nder lesdi Hongiri (Hungary) Da'nyudomo e noddire Ivan Turkevich bo da' nyudo dan'domo (kaka maako) woni don e noddire Lev Turkevich. Ɓe modibbe maube nder cociya maabbe. Madujo maako kadin e noddire Sophia Kormoshiv bawudo fiki wurdugol. Tariha Holli ahali maako fuu ebe bawi fiki wurdugol e be kadin wawi gimi Amman ke keuta moo gham o ɓuri be fuu. Njangirde Maako Stefania fuɗɗi njangirde maako de gimol to neddo biyetedo Vasyl Barvinky ko fuɗɗi nder dungu abli jowe nain e sappo e nain (1914) yahinki abli jowe nain e sappo e jowe go'o (1916). O njangi wojjeji gimol e fiki wurdugol to lesdi biyetedi Vienna. Nder dungu abli jowe nain e sappo e jowe nain o fuddi bindi maako arandeji dou gimol e fiki wurdugol ghol. Haa Joni nder dungu abli jowe nain e sappande didi e jowi o howa maa to Robert Lisovkyi moo o dillidi e maako yaki lesdi Balin (Berlin) to be joddi ton nder abli jowe nain e sappande didi e jowe didi (1927) yahinki abli jowe nain e sappande tati, (1930). Stefania Mayi/ wati nyalande de jowe tati e lewru afrilu nder dungu abli jowe nain e sappande jowe didi e jowe didi nder lesdi biyetedi kanbrij to ingila (Cambridge England) Hiimoɓe Yuroopu Magaji Abdullahi arɗiɗo kiiɗo mo subtal National Centre Party of Nigeria (NCPN), sanatajo kiiɗo ɗen ballitowo ngomnajo kiiɗo. Lencitaaki Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Muhammadu Adamu Aliero un ngomnajo Diiwal Kebbi kiiɗo. Lencitaaki Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Pelaajo Kebbi Ahmed Abdullah, OON ministajo kiiɗo mo demal e marowol sareji. Lencitaaki Yimɓe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Zaynab Alkali farfesajo modibbo janngirɗe den bo dindowo debbo artuɗe e ta woyla Naajeeriya. Lencitaaki Pelaajo Borno Pelaajo Naajeeriya Zuwaira Gambo komishinajo harkaji rouɓe e lagguki (hanuuki) shiiya e Diiwal Borno Saude Abdullahi Aliyu jannginoowo e janngirɗe Mary Akpobome darektajo bankiwal Heritage Banking Company Limited of Nigeria (HBCL) Hiimoɓe Morawiya (cek. Morava), (de. Mähren), (en. Moravia), ko leydi e Yuroopu, e () Ndenndaandi Cek (Repibliiki Cek).  Laamorde (kapital) leydi Morawiya yo Brno. Mbertudi leydi ndin ko 22.866 km2, jamaa hoɗuɗo e mayri no hewtaynoo fewndo hitaande 2019 yimɓe 3.160.045. Galluure Brno 377.028 Ostrava 292.681 Olomouc 100.001 Gallery Yuroopu Leydi Cekiya Morawyia Yemi Alade gimowo Naajeeriya anɗaɗo ɗen bo dokkaɗo lambaji jamminaki ɗuɗɗi. Lencitaaki Gimowo Naajeeriya Pelaajo Naajeeriya Akinwunmi Ambode ngomnajo Diiwal Laagos kiiɗo. Lencitaaki Pelaajo Laagos Naajeeriya Funke Akindele jami’ajo filmiji ɗen bo keɓuɗo jamminago ɗen furodusajo. Lencitaaki Pelaajo Laagos Naajeeriya Farook Kperogi bindowo ɗenbo farfesajo e kuugal hokkaku habaru jannginowo Janngirɗe Diiwal Kennasaawo. Lencitaaki Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Khadija Bukar Abba Ibrahim kore Bukar Abba Ibrahim hankone ardujo wakiljo jama'aje fuhnaje harjonima wokiljo batowo gite douko watta e der lesdi yasiles arɗugal Muhammadu Buhari, jonibo wakiljo jama'aje fuhnaje Yobe, leydi Naajeeriya. Nassiji Pelaajo Yobe Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Yimɓe Naajeeriya Yimɓe Gbenga Adeyinka un fijowo jalnuki e Naajeeriya denbo dokkowo habaru e rediyoji e Telebijinje. Lencitaaki Pelaajo Laagos Pelaajo Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Isa Ibrahim Ali pantami mo dañƴama 20 oktobeer 1972,anɗiraɗo Isa Ali pantami un gimɗo modibbo janginowo diina Islama hanko Woonii ministaajo hawtuki Bolle e jawdi ɗun [Naajeeriya]. Un daarektaajo mo ɗun gollital habbaruji leydi ( NITDA) ɗun [Naajeeriya] gada 26 septembeer 2016 yaari 20 Augusteer 2019 eɗun hokkori mo ministajo hawtuki Bolle e jawdi mo nasti offiswal eɗer 21 Augusteer 2019. Buba marwa ɗun danyi Mohammed buba marwa ƴalɗe jewenayi ɗer leuru September ngu 1953 ɗer gelle Kaduna Naajeeriya Lisbon galle laydi [Portugal]ɗer yuroopu ('lɪzbən/; [Portuguese][liʒˈboɐ] ( liste,un gelle mauɗe leydi portigal ɗen e gelle ɓurɗe jajirka e portigal ɗun ƙiyastake ɗuɗirka yimɓe haa bano ko yaari 544,851 hauti e no hutirde joɗori kamani100.05 km 2. Moscow Moscow (/ ˈmɒskoʊ/ MOS-koh , US cmauɗe /ˈmɒskaʊ/ MOS- kow; [10][11] Russian: Москва, tr. Moskva , IPA: [mɐskˈva] un hautirde e gelle mauɗe leydi rossiya. Ɗun ƙiyastake ɗuɗirka yimɓe gelle [Moscow] yaari 12.4 Millie's Abdou Achouba (b. 1950 Rabat) ɓi filmije leydi Moroko be Italiya ɓi jarida’on, be numugo filmi be furodusa. O ardanikita filmi dammude ha ɓanga filmi je leydi Moroka. O jangi kimiya siyasa, o jangi andigo nonnugugo hugo hugo kuugal cinema ha IDHEC je woni ha birnuwul Paris leydi Faransa. Filmiji maako Filmi juɗɗe Kane ya kane (1977, documentary) Taghounja (1980) Saadati Aisawa (1982, documentary) Filmi dammuɗe Flip Paradise (1979) Mohammed Dikko Abubakar, CFR, NPM, Mni (Rtd) ɗansanndaajo Naajeeriya’on be neyejo’on bo sufeto’on janarjo ‘yansanndaa’on ɓe lammini mo ha hitande 2014. Jotta kanko’on Pro Chamcellor kanko’on jagwarɗo majalisa haa Janngirɗe Al-Hikma, Ilorin. Kanko’on jagwarɗo fukaraɓe kiɗɗe jaburu National Institute (AANI). Taarihiwol maako Mohammed Dikko, moɓoɓuri andigo MD asali maako danyaɗo wuro Gusau daga yake man de woni haales nukkure Sokoto, kanjim’on wuro mango ha nukkure Zamfara hande. Kanjim’on manga a ɓi afo der ɗuɗugo bukkwai be danyi hasare maɓɓe man baba maako andaɗo mallujo;on do dina Islama remowo’on. Hiimoɓe Haliru Ɗantoro Ƙitoro III (1938 – Yarkooma 30, 2015) o mari laamu ɓoi ma goɗɗo siyasa ha Naajeeriya. Yalade man 26 lewru Colite, hitannde 2020. Ɗantoro o warti lamɗo Borgu gotel lamurde Naajeeriya je ɓoima wani ha wakkere Nayiija, ɓawo debe medi mu’ardimo, Alhaji Isiyaka Musa Jikantoro Yande 26 lewru Colite, 2002. O jaggi laamu man hade omayi yande 28 ha lewru Yarkooma, hitaande 2015. Lorna fofa Ɓe ɗanyi Ɗantoro hitande ha 1938, kanko’on gajijo der bukkwai tati je dadiraɓe danyiɓe. Wuro maɓɓe New Bussa. O huyi yake laamu soojeeku Hiimoɓe Lome un hautirde gelle mauɗe der lesdi [Togo]. Eɗi woodi ɗuɗirka yimɓe haa bano 837,437 ɗen e jooɗiɓe kamani1,477,660 hisaago ɗungu 2010 Dutse un eɗun joɗori ɗer woyla Naajeeriya doum gelle mawɗe hautirɗe Diiwal Jigawa. Ɗen un wuro jangirde mawɗe ɗe hauturɗe leydi Dutse maɓbitaɗe ɗer Jolal duuɓi 2011. Ɗer beɗɗuki eɗau jangirɗe hautuɗe Dutse ɗen haa boo e wooɗi linyital institutewal ngal yalde biagal date palm (sub-state) e politeeniwal ɗer Dutse e wooɗi wuttuɗu nɗa janginnki no ɗun wattata luumo e taagaka janɗe eɗer Dutse. Joogaraafiwal e Jaajirka Inaare Hauti e ƙiyastake ɗuɗirka yimɓe ɗun 153,000 Dutse un ejooni ɗe galliol ɓurgol jaajirka ɗer diiwal Jigawa Hadejia tokkiri gaɗa bano (111,000) Gumel (43,000) e Birnin Kudu (27,000). Dutse un gallin hautirɗe Diiwal Jigawa ɗun Naajeeriya. Diiwal ngal tiggama ɗer 1991 hitaaɗe arɗugal soljigo Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Dutse (Dutse ɗer finnaɗe winɗaaɗe) haɓi inɗe gaɗa ɗe haire ɗe ɗun famtiri anɗal der maare ɗen. Kaaje fere-fere eɗun ɗaraɗe jaajuɗe hougo rasiigo inaaje ɗen gelle ɗen. Mauɗe anɗaaɗe un ɗe ɗun tiggiri inɗe e gelle den heɓɓeri anɗiraɗe aslu. Dutse (hausare un haire) Dutse eɗe jooɗori un annɗiraɗe wakkati leɗɗe (dabino) ɗun huuɗee fere-fere ciiyawl ngal un annɗiraɗe hauti e famgo e njooile (njoole) ɓaariɗe. Inɗe Jigawa gaɗa jigajijun ɗaɓuji yaari goɗɗe anɗe. Kennɗetiɗe gonɗe wayla hirna diiwee, ɗe ɗuuɗirka Dutse un remooɓe (deemal); luttuɓe sannaaji nanɗuɗi yaari choi hanjumma eɗun njairi e hakkuɗi annɗaaɗi. Tiggigeki Diiwal Aslu tigguki ki diiwal Jigawa un ballitawo eta junngo moɗdibo Inuwa-Dutse kiiɗo arɗuujo komishinaajo deemal e kowoni ɗer leydi ɗe ɗer kiigal diiwal Kano (hautuɓe hannɗe Kano e diiwal Jigawa) wakkatire arɗugal Gomnaajo Alhaji Audu Bako Gomnaaku. Ɗe fuɗɗi eɗer 1970’s amma ɗun semɓiɗayi sabo’e no soljien ngaaɗirta laamu teetugo leydi un ɗon ɗun saakiti kesiɗinki nastugo wakkatire fere-fere tun noɗɗugo artugo eɓe noɗɗi tiggago diiwe eɗer ɗungu 1980 yimɓe Jigawa kollayi cemtuuɗum ɗenti ɗaaɗe muure kollutifuu waari ɗer 1990 (August 1991 tokki laawol) wakkatire arɗugal Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Eɗen ɗen o noɗɗi tiggago diiwe heɓi nasru koɗuuɗi eɗer artuuɗun anɗinaal ngal ɗun tiggin eɗun diiwal e wakkatire wurtini e keesi goɗɗi kollinama luttuɗe sareji ngurtaake yaasi kamanoo Albasu, Ajingi, Wudil, Sumaila, Kachako, e Takai luttu seɗɗa tokkori diiwal tiggangal un taɓɓitingo e duniyaru hesuuruu diiwal Jigawa tarin Allah eɗau anɗaaɗun slogan ɗunɓe diiwal. Nassiji Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Jigawa Naajeeriya Gusau un Birniwol gonɗe woyla faaro hirna Naajeeriya kanje ke gelle mauɗe Diiwal Zamfara. Non ɗenbo inɗe hukuma pamarun (LGA) goduugal jajirka leydi kilomita 3,364 e ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 383,162 e limgal duuɓi 2006. Gusau e ta woyla e laawol ngolɗun fooɗi gaɗa kebbe yaari Kano e Naajeeriya gal hauti lasgi fere-fere ammano ɗuuɗɓe ɓen un Fulɓe, hai Hawsa’en, Yarabanko’en, Igala e Nupe. Distinorɗe E zaman warka laamu boɗejo mallakotooɓe gelle Gusau ɗe mauni ɗe lattake gelle boɗɗe wuuduu luuɓe eɗen bo yiile-yiile saboe laawol bodgol ngol girgiwal less ɗun gal woodi. Ngomnatiwal E ɗungu 1999 ngomnajo Ahmed Sani (Yariman Bakura) mo hollini wadgo Shari’a julɗaaku e gelleɗen haa e ko waɗɗi hanɗe. Gelle Gusau e jooni ɗo’o e ɗe ngooɗi laamiiɗo HRH Alhaji Ibrahim Bello saɓon sarkin Katsinan Gusau ɓaawo maiɗe kinnaɗo Alhaji Kabir Muhammad ɗen baba mo ngomnajo kiiɗo Abdulaziz Yari lammini e nduungu 2018. Hiimoɓe Mai Mala Buni (be ɗanyiimou 19 Nuvembeer 1967) un gimɗo subtuugo Naajeeriya (siyasajo) ɗun ɗanyimo e gelle Buni Yadi, Hukuma Pamaren Gujba e Diiwal Yobe Woila Faaro Fuuna Naajeeriya Kanko Wooni ngomnajo Diiwal Yobe e Naajeeriya ɗenbo mawɗo jogiɗo tummuɗe ɗun shubtal All Progressives Congress (APC). Ɗun subtiimo gomnajo e wakkatire shubtal maugal Naajeeriya ɗun ɗungu 2019 e les shubtugo All Progressives Congress (APC) koɗun subtamoo gomna kanko wooni sakatarejo shubal partiwal All Progressives Congress (APC) ɗun leydi. Janɗe Kamani no ɗun waɗata e neesu wayla Naajeeriya Buni mo fuɗɗi ekkitaki haddawal Alqur’anawal gaɗa mo pamaro e les hakkilanki ɗanyoɓe maako e moɗɗiɓe komo nasta jangirɗe firamare ɗun Buni Gari inare emo heeɓi shaidawal timmingo janɗe maako artuɗe e ɗungu 1979. Ɓawo himminki janɗe maako ɗe firamare Buni heeɓi nastugo jangirɗe sakandare ɗun Goniri e ɗungu 1979 ɗenbo mo heeɓi ɗerewol shaidaago majakii goɗarɗun Afrik hirnajun e ɗungu 1985. E non e mo ɗer harkaji subtal (siyasaje) Buni waadi registawal e jonɗe jangowo mo nyaɓɓugo renuuki e jangirɗe formation ɗun espan jamhuriwal Benin inare emo heeɓi digiriwal Bsc Degree in international relation e 2014. Mo waaɗi digiri-digiriwal eɗau huuɗuukie yimɓe e jangirɗe Leeds Becket ɗun leydi Inngilaa (England). Luumoji (Luuɓe) Buni mo ƙorantake e harkaji luumo e yillaru ɗun yalji hankoma mo tsundumake harkaji luumo gaɗa mo pamaro ɓawo mo himmini janɗe maako ɗe sakandare mo waaɗi himmari tigguki lumorɗe eɗe tiggi kamfaniwal joɗorigal hore muuɗum e ɗer areeji yaari Mai Mala Buni koleeji taayaka e gollital inare e mo heeɓi shaideki diploma e nduungu 2012. Mai Mala Buni mo arolake komitiji kamfaniji ɗuɗɗi eɗer maaji ewoodi: MBG Integrated Farms Ltd MMG Petroleum and Chemicals Company Nig. Ltd MBG Construction and General Services Ltd Buni Gari and Company Nig. Ltd Bright View Capital Alliance Ltd Subi Mega Global Solutions Ltd Rehab Synergy Nig. Ltd First Integrated and Logistic Services Ltd Subtal (siyasaje) Mai Mala Buni mo fuɗɗi yaadu mako ɗu siyasaje e ɗungu 1992 wakkatire ɗe mo teefi subteeki kansilajo ɗenbo mo subta ɗun e les shubtal National Republican Convention (NRC) gam wakiltaki gunduumare Buni e hukuma pamarun Gujba. Gaɗa ɗon ɗun subtimo e jonɗe ɓastiɗo majalisu. Mo lattake mawɗo ballitowo ɗun majalisu e majalisu mobgal Naajeeriya e ɗungu 2000. Ɗenbo e ɗungu 2004 ɗun ɓiliimo membaajo majalisu jahirojun ɗun jangirɗe Uyo. E nduungu 2006 ɗun subtimo efuu go’o mawɗo shubal Advance Congress of Democrats (ACD) e diiwal Yobe. Ɗenbo e ɗungu 2007 tokkuɓe shuɓal Action Congress ɗun diiwal Yobe ɓe kaɓɓiɗiri sobaku e Advance Congress of Democrats inare eɓe tiggi goɗɗun sheɓɓiɗɗun e dandal shubal. Action Congress (AC) sobaku ɗun ɗun daraki fiijo eɗen ɗun hokkimo maugu arɗujo shubtal gal Action Congress ɗenbo ɗun subtimo e jonɗe mauɗo gaɗa ɗungu 2007 yaari. E nduungu 2011 Buni mo hooti shubal ANPP lamotoɗun diiwal Yobe inare e ɗun ɓilimo ɗokkowo gomnajo shawariji Ibrahim Geidam mo musamman eɗau harkaji siyasaji e dokaaji. E ɗungu 2013 ɓawo hautuki mauɗi siyasaji Naajeeriya ɓe tiggi shuɓal All Progressive Congress (APC) Mai Mala Buni o lattakake sakatarejo shutal gal e diiwal Yobe ɓawo ɗenbo ɗun subtimo e mauɗo shuɓal gal mo diiwal Yobe. E ɗungu 2014 Mai Mala Buni lattake shubtaɗo eɗau sakatarejo shubtal gal All Progressives Congress (APC) mo lesdi artuɗo. Kanjun dai ɗunɗona laamu ɗun shuɓal mo waddi gomnatiwal Muhammadu Buhari e ɗungu 2015 himari ɗun mo hollo eɗau huwanki partiwalgal ehore ɗari ɗun hokkimo jonɗe sakatarejo lesdi e 2018. E wakkatire ɗe mo jogi ɗuɗinɗun maugu sakatarejo shubtal mo leydi ɗenbo mauɗo kakkilanowo piroje ɗer diiyam ɗe Naajeeriya ɗun subtimo ɗun amintanakemo ɗenbo ɗun subtimo edau arɗujo e jonɗe jogotoɗo tutawal shubtal APC shubal gomnatiwal diiwal Yobe gal 2019. E wakkatire subtuuɗe mauɗe 2019 Hon. ɗun subti Mai Mala Buni e jonɗe gomnaajo diiwal Yobe nayaaɓo e wakkatire mo heeɓi kuri’aji 444,013 inare e mo doii sobajo tefgo maako Alhaji Bello Iliya mo shubtal PDP keɓuɗo kuri’aji 95,703 tan. E lewru yulie 2020 ɗun sarkiti komitiwal kuuɗe ɗun shubtal APC ɗun lesdi e dimma-maajun ɗun ƙaddami e hesɓe jogotoɓe hanko Hon. Mai Mala Buni hai bo latta mauɗo komitiwal hautugo maugo ngo shubtal gal. Hiimoɓe Janngirɗe Laamu, Lokoja e janngirɗe mawde wonde ha der gelle Lokoja, ɓur andirego Fulokoja (Federal University Lokoja) woni wuro mawgo  der Diiwal  Kogi Hindi funa ta Chaina leydi Naajeeriya. Lokoja un hakkude wurgo Naajeeriya e Benuwe. Jangirde mawde wonde ha der lokoja ɗum mahide wakati ujuneje ɗiɗi ɓe chappande sappo e go'o (2011), lamu leydi mahi de.dum mahide e dau ɗum ɓedda Janngirɗe e der leysdi eder janngirɗe den e wodi fattude de janginki baninni: E wodi fattude janginki tsayawa E e wodi fattude janginki diiduugo E wodi fattude janginki kututirgal tsayawa E wodi jangirde hakkilango njaamu. Janngirɗe Ndemri, Zuru un janngirɗe mawɗe wonde Zuru, Diiwal Kebbi, Naajeeriya.  kaire me arandere janngirɗe demal. Jangirde den denno e de hautii e Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello, Zariya. Ɓawo ɗun un maɓɓitii  National Board for Technical Education (N.B.T.E) e nduungu 1977 laamu Naajeeriya tabbitini ilmu dau kuugal jungo e der leydi N.B.T.E fuɗɗi hakkilango fattude jangiki. E ujuneje ɗiɗi ɓe chappande sappo (2020)  jangirde Maude  ɗun fuɗɗi hakkoki ɗe ardiiɗo leydi Muhammadu Buhari suɓi Musa Isyaku Ahmed  mawɗo  jangirde e (2021),bo un ɗum  hokki Eze Eberechi N. Dick mawɗo janngirɗe bo hanko ne arandejo der  mawɓe jangirde den. Janngirɗe Laamu, Gashua e dum no dirade be (FUGA), wonde ha der Diiwal Yobe, Naajeeriya. Janngirɗe Laamu, Gashua e dun der Gashua ta funa gelle ɗum mahide e dau dalila shiya ilmu baci lardi Yobe gammana  habe ma ɓekeɓa ilmu maudum, ɗum mahide wakati Janngirɗe ɗen wakati lamiɗo Naajeeriya mo nane goodlock jhona than.dum mahide wakati ujuneje ɗiɗi ɓe chappande sappo e tati (2013) E der janngirɗe den  e wodi fattude janginki baninni.  E wodi fattude janginki demal E wodi fattude janginki limol E wodi fattude janginki habaruji E wodi fattude janginki dinaji E wodi fattude janginki durgol ilidi. {{Databox generic}} Edmund Maduabebe Doukoru (ɓe ɗanyiimou yande 13 lewru Oktoba 1943) neyejo’on kanko’on fetel yite ha Naajeeriya ɗenbo kanko’on mauɗo sakatare kautal hore lesɗe mari risku yaɓɓan fetur (OPEC) ha hitanɗe 2006. Owarti Amayanabo, ko bo lamɗo ɓoima mo lamurɗe nembe ha hitanɗe 2008. Banniman jagwaɗo balbal lamudo funbina je lamu neyejo jagwarɗo Naajeeriya, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Taariki Maako Ɓe ɗanyi Doukoru ha yanɗe 13 leuru Oktoba 1943 ha nukkure Bayelsa mumari risku yaɓɓam fetur. O heɓi digiriwal (Ph.D) ha wakkere geology daga kwaleji Imperial je woni ha London. Kamfani yaɓɓam je Shell International Petroleum Company osimu kugal daga hitanɗe 1970, ha o’ummi daga mauɗo lintigo liddi be liddi yahugo ha mauɗo linyigo ha Naajeeriya. Ha hitanɗe 1992 owarti manaja’on kanko’on ɗaurataɓe je kamfani yaɓɓam je Naajeeriya. Siyasaje Ha hitanɗe 2003, Doukoru ha mangu Amayanabo ko lamɗo ɓoima mo lamurɗe nemɓe ha nukkure Bayelsa inɗe mako mingi XHI. Tarihi holli hakkunɗe maɓɓe ɓe kiɗɗun fitinaje hakkunɗe ummatore bassambiri be Ogbolomabiri mo lamurɗe kiɗɗum nembe, mu heɓɓi asaliman joo hitanɗe 200. Ɗer leuru Afrilu 2010 gwamnati nukkure Bayelsa kadibo Olorinika fistigo sungullaji man, ha ohauti Doukoru ɓe Ralp Iwowori, Amanyanabo mo nembe bassambiri, be littuɓe lamuɓe heɓigo nuɓe burta. Ɓawo muftigo lamɓe ɗiɗi be biyi ɓeɗon sati koffi ɓe wawan fistigo kowani jama’aje’on nuɓe bondata, ha hakkunɗe maɓɓe. Ha leuru Agusta 2010 fere ɗerki’en ɓe ɗon hosi kuje habre ɗer kumbuwal doggata ɓe yari kunu ha fadaman Doukoru be hafɓi yumɓe gaɗiman, ɓe wujji kuje boima woni ha fellel man ɓe boonni fadaman. Hiimobe David Akpode Ejoor RCDS, PSC, (10 Silto duuɓi 1932-10 Fabrairu 2019) bindiwo’on mawɗo soja Naajeeriya kanko’on huyi ɗer ɗe manga mauɗo hafsa soja’en (COAS). O bindi ɗefte ɗiɗi bakko o maya ha hitaande 1975. Waɗon Lorna Fofa David kanko’on kwamanda Naajeeriya aranɗe mo kwaleji faɗɗigo je Naajeeriya ɗen omeɗi joɗugo hakkilango yiɓɓa ɗum woni ha mid-western. Ejoor owoni kanko’on gwamna ha nukkure caaka hirna Naajeeriya, yake hafre Biafra. Ɗenbo ojoggi mangu mauɗo soja’en daga leuru Janairu 1971 yahugo yulie 1975. Ejoor omayi Lagos yanɗe 10 leuru Fabrairu 2019. Omayi owodi ɗuɓi 87 ha dunya. Defte maako Ejoor David: Reminiscences 1989 Ejoor David Akpode (1989). Reminiscences.malthouse pressltd.ISBN 978-978-2601-37-7. Hiimoɓe Anna Ebiere Banner (Ɓe ɗanyii ɗebbo haa yanɗe 18 lewru Fabrairu 1995) ɓi fim’on o medi tahugo gasa Sarauniya boɗugo je Naajeeriya. ) Ɓe suɓi mo ha darde ɗebbo moɓuri boɗugo ha hitanɗe 2012 les. MBGN, Queen Isabella Ayuk ha hitaanɗe 2013 o’ardani Naajeeriya ha gasa Sarauniya boɗugo je dunya (miss world) ha hitaanɗe 2013 ɓe lammini mo darde ballitiwo je fere al’adaji be wanciru mabbutigo gete je gwamna Henry Dickson ɓe kotukki ɓawo ɓe lammini mo dar de mangu sarauniya boɗɗum je Naajeeriya (MBGN) ha hitanɗe 2012. Ha hitanɗe 2014 ofuɗɗi burtigo ha fijirɗe ikkitigo je super story. Hiimobe Ayo Adesanya (Ɓeɗanyi debbo haa yanɗe lewru juko 1969) ɓi fijigo fim ɓe Naajeeriya director’on ɓe furadusa’on. Ayo Adesanya waɗon burta ha fim yo ruba’en be je inglizi. Kofɗe maako Ayo Adesanya owurti ha wuro dagun, Ijebu ha nukkure Ogun ɗe woni fonbina walaɗu hirna. Ayo Adesanya oheyi jangirɗe man st. Anne ɗe woni Ibadan, berniwol mangol je nukkure diiwal Oyo, haaton otimmini jangirɗe makoje firamare ɓe sakandare. Dagaɗon usali jami’a Ibadan haɗon oheɓɓi digiri aranɗe ha wakke kugal jarida. Fiilu Ayo Adesanya ofuɗɗi kugal mako haa hitaanɗe 1986 ɓawo otaski kuwango liddi (NYSC) ha hitanɗe 1996, Ayo Adesanya onasti ɗer filu fim je Naajeeriya (Nollywood) ha ofuɗɗi filu ikkitigo fijirje ofuɗɗi ɓurtigo ha fere fim je Tunji Bamishigbin jamo inɗe “palace”. Daga ɓawo Ayo Adesanya ta shiga onesti ɗer filu ɓeɗi fim je ɗingal yoruba’en ha oɓurti ɗer man otaski fim ɗuɗɓe Ayo Adesanya waɗon ɓurta ɗer fim ɗingal inglizi. Ɓe hauti Yiiɗel Ayo Adesanya omeɗi bango goriola Hassan amma jotta ɓe senɗiri owoɗi ɓingel. Fim maako Ɗer fim mako hautiɓe: Remember your mother (2000) Dancer 2 (2001) Tears in my heart 2 (2006) Hiimobe Bimbo Akintola (ɓe ɗanyii deɓɓo man yanɗe 5 ha lewru Duujal 1970) ɓi fim’on haa Naajeeriya omeɗi caahuji moɓuri ɓurgugo ɓe wawugo yaɗu ɓe wamugo ha ɗer fim. Ɓe yalgo fim ko’o fetel gamman yarinmu jangugo andal ikkitgo fijirje ha ko’ojangi je jami’a. Tarihi Balɗe Ɗanyiɗo Bimbotabiti ɗanyado nukkure Oyo yake ɗanyowo mo o’iwoyi ha nukkure Edo. Kanka’on ɓingal tataɓo ɗer bukkwai jego je ɗaɗi raɓe mako ɗanyi. Ofuɗɗi fanɗigo ikkitigo fijirɗe yake ɓangal ragera ɗubu je jangirɗe maɓɓe ɓe luttiɓe fukarabe dadirawo mako ɗon sembina makoffi. Daga ɗen ɗon sunamo fijirɗe don ɓedda ha seɗɗa-seɗɗa. Bimbo omauni ha Maryland, Lagos ha ojangi fimany ha Maryland covert prive school ɗenbo ojangi ha jangirɗe commandy, kankoma ha lagos. Otimmini janguɗo digirin mako je aranɗe ha wakkere ikkitigo fijirɗe ha jami’a Ibadan. Ɗenfu ragere asawe ɓe ɗon wandi ɓe arɗiɗo jaiye aboderin ha fere kautal ɓe inɗeman divine ɗe woni ha Allen Avenue ha Lagos yakeman waɗon jangirɗe. Yiiɗel Anɗaɓe ɗer fim be Bimbo waɗi yiiɗel hautibe yemi Blag be andaɗo banbaɗo Dede mabiaku. Bakko ɓe fuɗɗa yiidel Bimbo ɓe Dede ɓe warti sobiraɓe ɗer ɗe dudɓi ɗiɗi. Ɗenɓawo ɗon ɓesen ɗiri der hakkilo. Bimbo omeɗayi tegal omeɗayi ɗanyigo. Omani hore mako owaɗi bukkwai ɓoi, fat oreni kon fere ɗer maɓɓe mauni oreni iyaluji mako. Fulu Fim mako je aranɗe yake oɓurti der fim owo Blow ha hitanɗe 1995 tare ɓe Femi Adebayo ɗenbo otokki ɓawo be out of bonds ha 1997 be Richard Mofe Damijo. Ɓe subɓimo ha dar ɗe Best actress in a leading role ha hitanɗe 2013 yake ɓangal nollywood movies awards. Ɓe teddinimo chahuko koheɓi hautiɓe: Best actress or English actress in Nigeria in 1997 Best actress award for the movie heavens hell at the 2015 Eko international film festival. Hiimobe Fred Amata ɓii ikkitiwo fijirɗe je Naajeeriya furodusa be darakta. Konko’on timmini janguɗo je ikkitigo fijirɗe ha jami’a Jos, Fred obangi ɗer hitanɗe 1986 gam dar ɗe odari ha fim je inɗe man legacy. Hajotta waɗon huwa ha man gu jagwarɗo annaji darakto’en je Naajeeriya, yanɗe man 27 ha leuru Fabrairu, 2016. Hiimobe Shu’aibu Ahmed Abbas (Ɓe ɗanyiimo ha yanɗe lewru 1992) mou ɓe ɓuri anɗigo be inɗe man Lilin Baba yimuwo haa Naajeeriya, bindiwo’on, banbaɗo’on, ɓi fijigo fim beɗi bo ɓi luumo. Lilin baba anɗaɗo ha ɓe filata beɗi fim kannywood gam wamarɗe je oyaɓi bedi fim mako aranɗe mo mari inɗe Hauwa kulu. Ɓe subɓi mo ha city people entertainment awards je hitanɗe 2018 ha dar ɗe arewa most promising music act of the year. Otahi caahu arewa best RnB music act of the year ha hitanɗe 2019 ha city people entertainment awards. Fulu maako je Aranɗe Lilin baba ɗenbo wadon sora malli malloje ha lumo bata je woni ha annaji fete fagge ha Kano. Ɓawo olori Abuja be ɗer ɗiko sa otiggi filu sorugo mota be ɓarugo sare. O fuɗɗi Gimol Ɓawo otiggi filu mako ohautiɓe furodusa ɗiɗi “shadow” be “Garkuwa”. Ɓe balli taraɓe owurtini gimol mako je aranɗe inɗe man “AREWA”. Ɓawo don owaɗi gimi fere owondi be Bala Usher be Mr. Cash. Ohuyi be mista Bangis, Adam A. Zango, Don Adah, Bash Em, Davido, be Skales. Hiimobe Gelle [kyiv] koˈkiːjɪv/ KEE-yiv , [10] / kiːv/ KEEV ; [11] [Ukrainian]: Київ, pnoddira ɗun [ˈkɪjiu̯] ( listen)) or Kiev ( /ˈkiːɛv/ KEE-ev ) [12] [13]un gelle mauɗe der leydi Ukrainian. Haiiri Woonii hore hautirde leydi ɗin ɗen bo ɓurɗi maugu leydi [Ukrainian]. Eɗi ɗer dungal ta caakare waylare [Ukraniya] haade e wuttudu maayo [Dnieper]. E ɗer go'o ɗun leuru januarie 2021 ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe maɓɓe nyaari 2,962,180,waaɗi [kyiv] latti gelle jewweego'oje ɓurɗe ɗuuɗirka yimɓe ɗer yuroopu. Mamman Ahmadu Ali ɗun danƴi mo ɗer 5 ɗun leuru machie 1996 ɗer sare dumshe ɗun hukuma pamarun potiskum diiwal yobe fuuna faaro wayla Naajeeriya ɗun dungal hirna Afrik Hiimoɓe Cape verde ˈvɜːrd( i)/ ( listen )) ko Cabo Verde (/ ˌkɑːboʊ ˈvɜːrdeɪ/ (heitina), / ˌkæb-/ ; Portuguese: [ˈkabu ˈveɾdɨ] ), Henɗitaɓeɓe janhuriyyawalɗun [Cabo Verd], archipelago un leydi island eɗer hakkuɗe maayo Atlantic e ngoo marri kamano sappo volcaniwal [Island] e ɗuuɗirrka leydi baano 4,033 km2(1,557 sq mi).ɗu'un island ɗun jokkori haa 600km e 850 km (320 e 460 caakanɗe milji) hirna [Afrik] e haade Azores, ɗe Canary Island , Madeira , eɗen ɓe Savage kapital e mawde gelle praia 14°55'N 23°31'W Bolle ɗe leydi din walldata ɗun de ɓe ɓuri anɗira portigusre Annɗiraaɗe yewteere leydi [[cape verdianki][1]] 85.3% in tokkuɓe dinna Kirista-77.3% catholicre -8.0% Luttuɗe christa'en 10.8% ɓe ngalaa diina 3.9% Demonim'en cape verdia ko Cabo verdia. Sen. Bala Mohammed un ɗanyaama ɗer 5 ɗun leuru Yarkoma 1958 un gimɗo cuuɓal ɗen bo kannko ke ngomnaajo Diiwal Bauchi gonɗo dau jooɗorgal. Mo medgo waɗuki ministaajo hawtuuɗe Abuja gada nduungu 2010 haa yaari 2015. Hiimoɓe Inɗe leɓɓi O wodi sappo e ɗiɗi leurou haa dow Hitaande. Siilo Colite Mbooye Sedto Duujal Korse Morse Juko Silto Yarkooma Jolal Bowte Hiimoɓe Sule lamido un ɗanyiima nder (30 Juko 1948) meɗuuɗo jokaaki ministaajo leyɗe yaasii ɗun Naajeeriya gada 1999 Duɓi 2003. O cubtaama Gobnaajo Diiwal Jigawa nder seɗto 2007. I membajo Nder partiwal cuɓal ardiigal Naajeeriya kiigal biagal people's democratic party. O subtaama jonɗe Gobnaajo Diiwal Jigawa wa,adu ɗiiɗaaɓuun ɗer yalɗe 26 seɗto 2011. Fauree Hiimoɓe Peter Obi O, danyaama nyalɗe (19 Morse 1961) un gimɗo luumo e cuuɓal ɗun Naajeeriya. O meeɗuugp wattugo Gobnaajo Diiwal Anambra gada marchie lewru Jolal 2006,febrie lewru Duujal 2007,e gada Korse 2007 lewru Mbooye 2014. Ɗer Duujal 2022 mo subtaama jonɗe teefoowo arduugal lesdi Naajeeriya e les cuɓal biagal [labour party]ɗun ɗer cubtal gadeeteegal ɗer 2023. Hiimoɓe Balde Nyalande Balde nyalande nder Fulfulde yo Jowe didi. Kanje woni: Altine Salasa Alarba Alhamisa Jummare/jumbare Asewe Alad Hiimoɓe Tripoli un gelle der leydi libie e dungal wayla afik Hiimoobe Doha larabanko'e (ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺣﺔ) Romanko'e: ad dawha [ad"dawha] ko ad-Doha un gelle Hore hautirde leydi Qatar ɗen e galliol ɓurgal ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe ɗer leysdi ɗin haa yaaruɓe ɗuɗirka yimmɓe ɗun 2,382,000. Footo Hiimoɓe Aba un gelle ɗer fombina fuuna ɗun Naajeeriya ɗen e luumorɗe caaka Diiwal Abiya. Tiggal tigguɗe diiwal Abiya ɗer 1991 Aba henɗa ma hasiɗiɗi hukumaji pamari inɗe maaji Aba fombina Aba woyla. Aba fombinajun ton ke gelle mawɗe caaka e ɗen fiɗuugo ɓerɗe ɗun Abiya diiwal fombina-fuuna Naajeeriya. Eɗun joɗori e faaro Aba. Aba eɗon wodi sareji ɗuɗɗi baano; Aba-ukeziukwu, Aba, Obuda-Aba, Umuokpoji-Aba e luttuɗe. Gelleji gaɗa ohazu kauti gamma laamu ka Aba ɗun tiggi ɗun faaro gam e heeɗugo ɗun yii Igbo ɓe Naajeeriya eɗau luumo geɓal maɓɓe ɗen e gaɗa ɗen solji’en Saliɓɓe joinaama ɗen e hakkilango inare laamu boɗejo British ɗer eɗun haade kerol bankiwal hirna eta dallol Aba ɗen e gal hakkuɗe guttuɗi laawii arɗugal yaari Patakwal, Owarri, Umuahia, Ikot, Ekpene, e Ikot-Abasi. Gelle ɗen lattake kautirɗe ɗun kagaji deem ɗun laamu boɗejo ngaaɗi ummini laawol ndiiyam dogga haa yaari Patakwal. Aba un gelle mawɗe yiɓaaɗe e tigga ɗe shaaka ɗer inare lattiɗe fiititinɗe famarɗe gelleji e sareji yimɓe uslɓe Aba un ngwa. Aba ɗun ɓuri anɗirki ɗun e firoji e ɗenbo mawɗe ɗuɗɗe gelle nɗer fombina-fuuna Naajeeriya hisaago 2016 Aba ƙiyastake ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 2,534,265 un diiwal haaɗe ɗer ngal jomirawotiggi. Distinore Aba ɗun gelle goɗuɗe gellihol ɗudkol inɗe e maako: Aba-ukwu, Eziukwu-Aba, obuda-Aba e umuokpoji-Aba amma gellel ɗer ohazu hautiɗiri e Aba gamma woyngo laamu hautugo. Aba-ukwu noɗe anɗira un gelle anɗaɗe ɗer Aba. Pamare dokkoje mamaki ɓe ɗalgo Ezewe ukaegbu ɗun Aba-ukwu anɗiraɗun e bias ɗun jewenago taaniraɓe bacci Aba. Kanjun ɓawo latti joɗerɗe shoggu tunko ɗe latti kiiɗe kiiɗe fuuna’en joɗerɗe. Aro expedition un hasire mawɗe solji’en siryiiɓe kabɗai e joɗarɗe turanko’en ɗer gelle ɓe kenditi inare ɗer Abiya wakkatire waɗaɗe e 1901 yaari 1902 waɗaaki ɗun un semɓe ɗun solji’en gaɗaɗun turanko’en hoigo kowal laydi yimɓe aro ɗen e ɓe anɗaka eɗer gelle teɗɗuɗe kakkilanowal ɗer 1901 turanko’en tiggi joɗorɗe solji’en turakeɓe ɗer Aba eɗer 1915 e laawol girgiwal ndiyam waɗa ɗun hauti ɗun Patakwal eɓe gurtina kayaji deemal bano ɗibinoje e ɓikkol leɗɗe.}} Der 1929 Aba lattake wuttuɗu ɗawirɗe rouɓe Igbo. Distinorɗe anɗiraɓe ɓe Aba rouɓe shaliɓe habɗoɓe e woɗe’en eko ɗeppi ɗun harajii haure ɗen fuɗɗi artuɗun eɗau ɗen lumana hajoni ɓe artuɗun hiisago rouɓe ɗer geɓal ngal ɗen e hanɗaaki gollital rurutagal haure ɗen ɗe sarkitake ha fu ɓe bikkol leɗɗe amma ɗe relli ɓingel muɗun dewel. Habaruji ɗun ɗufal reeɗu sarkitake ɗen e ɗon ɗen konuu ummake. B aawo ɗuɗɓe maayi woɓɓe naunake woɓɓe ɗun yi ayiiɓe ɓe majji e ɗuɗirka 10,000 rouɓe kautiɗun e Aba. Kuuɗe saɓabu ɗun ɗun waɗi yimɓe ɗuɓɓe maayi maiɓe njaari 55-100 ɓeɗun inni ɗer 1930, Aba lattake inare yaiɗe gallol gelle ɗun ɗun heɓini inare luumorɗe. to over 100 being reported. Waɗuugo ɓe teɗɗugo ngo koonu leydi Naajeeriya ɗer 1967 inare mawɗe Biafara ɗun ɓaagi yaahi umuahia gaɗa Enugu. Aba un gelle Biafara mawɗe sharkiti bemɓe keeni dufaɗi hitaɗe koonu Biafara. Aba un wuro ngo ɗuɓɓe fere’en banɗiraɓe baano e anɗaɗo Emejiaka Egbu yayi ɗun Aba la ohazu ogbonna yalji ɗun umuokpoji, Aba ɓe omehinuyalji ɓe obuda-Aba- ɓe ugbor yalji ɗe Aba ɓe hemadu yayi ɓe ohAbiyam ɓe ukuegbu yayi ɓe Aba-ukwu ɓe ahunanya yayiɓe ohAbiyam ɗen e nayoɓe. Jaudi Aba e fittini haade neɓɓan-ɓunɗu ɗeɗun henɗani gaɗa gelle ɗe Patakwal e honɗu ko ɓunɗu semɓiɗi. Aba hauti e gasol gaɗa dallol Imo natural ɗun jomirawo gas wal semɓingal. Unballitoɗun jaudi e sayoɓe kolte e inibije haade e pharmaceutical dun rebaje siminti e haaje sudu. Luumo go waaɗi ariaria international luumo ɗiɗaɓo mawgo ɗer Naajeeriya. Gaɗa luumo Onicca e woɗi kamfaniwal heineken Brewery ɗun gas ɗen e tashote ɗun gelle. Sababu Ɗun Hiite Nepaji Aba un semɓe ɗun ta hiite Enugu dokkowal kamfaniwal ɗun ƙirƙirama e hiite semɓe hutirɗe hajoni ewodi gonɗe gure hiite kamfaniwal. Eɗun waɗi fuɗɗuki henɗugo semɓe eɗun noɗɗira Geometric Power Company eɗun huwa kullum senɓiɗa ɗer Aba ɗen e machinehol hiite un kutirɗun gure areji ko ɗeme gure ɗun gotol sababɗun hiite. Diinah Gelle ɗen ɗe piji’e gaɗawal ɗun Kirista’en Evangelism ɗun ɓe fombina fuuna Naajeeriya. Tun ɓe turanko’en British gaɗɗi kawrital Missionary ɗer gelleji (CMS) gilerɗi Evangelism ɗun kawrital England ɗun ɗun maunini hanɗu hanjun ke kawrital ɗun Angliican ɗun Naajeeriya. Be kawrital gonni inɗe ɓe Saint keɓaɗun e tataɓe yimɓe luumo Evangelism Opopo-Joseph Cookey, Gabrial Cookey e Zedekiah cookeys. ɓe e yimɓe un ɓe Aba azumin bulajun dallol ɗer 1896 eɓe gaɗa luumo ɗembo eɓe fooɗa yimɓe nasta kiristare diinaku ɗer 1897 wurtimɓe luɓe naɓɓan ɗun ɗiɗaɓun yiɓuɓe Abagi e haaɗe nɗiyam eɓe ngurtina neɓɓan gaɗa ngwa ɓe yonki eɓe ngazina diinaku worti luumo hauɗiri e Abaji e ummocham yimɓe yaahi kiristare gaɗa 1901. Jannde (elto) Gelle ɗen eɗe gooɗi janngirde firamareje haseɓa 90 e ɗe jannga gaɗa pinɗe yaari nyalauma unɗe woɓɓe haajan joɗeriɓe ko e maɓɓe omtoɓe gaɗa 07:30hrs-12:30hrs e 12:30hrs-17:30hrs e full wakkatije pamare. Jahaaleji Aba un hautirɗe joɗorɗe e rebije pamarel joɗerɗe laawol diyam Naajeeeriya amma eɗun ɗon huuwa semɓe. Aba ɗembo un mauɗun fanna jahaleji giɗuuɗi laawi eɗer larɗuɗun. Laawi mawɗe ɗin eɗi maɓɓita gollital jaarowal yimɓe kullum yaari guttuli fere-fere ɗun leydi ɗin gelle ɗen ɗe ɗiɗaaɓe ɓawo Onicca yaunojun jahojun kullum eɗun ɓeddoto ɗer fuunaru ɗun Naajeeriya motaji shereteɗi (Okada) waɗoɓe Ashaɓa ɓe kaɗama maimako maɓɓe ɗun waɗɗi (Keke-Napep) enotahol pamarol ɗuɗirka maakol fuɗɗi ɗer gaɗa 2015 e ɗun ɗuɗi anɗaɗun gam e jahirteɗun hande. Ɗer 2012 a gotal laawol tsaragol ɗun hebniigol je siryago ɓe kolli himmari eɗau anɗaɓe darɗiɓe e wawalaen tun e shuuɗi kompaniji e go’oel anɗal ko hakkilanda arejimun gootiraala un bano 2021 ɗo’o wala habaru bayanu ɗun ton kaaje farli yeso salli ɓe gaɗi jungo ngo ɓe anɗitoɓe famgo. Fiijoo (Fijoo) Emyimba international f.c ɓe ɗun anɗe ɓe yiibii yimɓe un saare ɓurɗe an hautuɗe fijo ball kongol. Emyimba f.c heɓi nasruji ndesaɗi engal ɗer kongi ɗi ɓe cede e fuu Naajeeriya kongi fiyoji ball. Hautie e cafji ɗiɗi ɗiɓe koshi (watau hukumare fuu ball ɗun leyɗe kongi Afrik) ɗe e championji ɗiɗi e firimiyaji jewego’o ɗen e hautirɗe leydi ɗenbo jooni hanɓe ke ɗiɗaɓe eɗer CAF. Huuɗe Dufaaɗun Ewoodi mastisala ji ɗuɗɗi hauti e rufuku huuɗe ɗer Aba, hauti e shiya dokawal nastirgal huɗe hanjun waɗi wonnaki goɗɗe inaaje eɗer luuɓe nefoo gelle. Amma e ɗon puɗɗi maagu kiɗun matsala fuu hautuɗe e diiwe hukumaje eɗen kuuwa non ma ɗun maagata. Aba un jopporɗe shoggu e fuuna Naajeeriya. Ewoodi luuɓe andaaɗe baano ariariango luumo duniyaru e luumo ngo eziukwu laar. Feirɗe inare (Ekechia) eko lutti fuu E.L.F ɗun heɓani ummatore maɓɓe hailon e boɗɗumo jarteɗun gaɗɗeteɗun sureteɗun ekoluttifu wawaste org a yi ai fetooji ɗuɗɗi ta nasti koshadi e yimɓe Aba.(Yi'a boo www.waste.org.ng for more recent pictures captured by a researcher on the tour of Aba) Gaɗaɗun Nɗer Aba Sorete Ɗun Gaɗaɗun ɗer Aba noɗɗiraɗun Aba gaɗaɗun un soreteɗun ɗun ɗun siryi e gaɗaɗuu gurtinaɗun nyotaaɗun ɗer Aba. Musamma konani ɓe nyiɓol adooji yamɗu gaɗirɗun ɗuun taaguwaɗi e enginiyare sana’are. Daaru Haa Joau Emyimba International Stadium Ariaria Luumo Duniyaru Wuro Girgiwal Diyam ɗer Naajeeriya Gaɗaɗun Abiya Bayanu Kakki Lanaɗun Yimɓe Igbo ɓe ɗun noɗɗirta rouɓe haure haɓɗuɓe e turankoen British ɗer ɗanɗal hakkilo noɗɗiral Abiya haure. Nassiji Tunatorɗe Abakaliki doum gelle mawɗe nɗer Diiwal Ebonyi ɗer fombinare faro fuuna Naajeeriya joɗorɗe kilomita 64 (40mi) gonɗun eta fombina bo fuuna Enugu. Ɓe joɗerɗe un anɗaaɗe yimɓe unɓe ummatore Igbo leydi ɗun jipporɗe ɗeɓe Ogoja gaɗɗi koɗuum heeɓina diiwal fombina eɓo fuuna ɗer 1967. Furtuu Ɗe inɗe Abakaliki usl ma’anu maare Aba Nkal e unɗe inɗe goɗɗe sareji layeli (Nkaleke). Distinore Abakaliki eɗun inare nɗe muhimma caaka haurago luumorɗe eɗer 17th ɗuuɓe ɗenno. ɓe huugo luuɓe ɓe gaaɗi ko faago yesso eɗer joɗorɗe hauti aroria yaahiɗer Abakaliki eko filtiini ɗun fuu e 18th centuaryun ɗuubi kiiɗi. Ɓe  Odozi Obodo jooɗi un inare wirnii ɗe ɗen tsafotooɓe toonɓe kuuwata hakkuɗe 1954 e 1958 ɗer Abakaliki. Jauɗii Abakaliki eɗun ɗenno un shaaka ɗun deemal ko sara  gonɗun baano gurtiinojunbaa, dooyaje, mɓai, alkamari (marori) ɗen e fuu leɗɗe neɓɓan eɗee kanaleji ɗ€mbo unɗun ko anɗira ɗuun ɗuɗaji jamɗe dalamji lamɗam e lammuɗe kaanye ntuukiko wersuuki yee kooti mawɗe janguɗi e ɗuɗɗi nyamruɗe. Ɗembo haajooni eɓe ɗen keiɗii sholligure e lalaaje gurtina e ngeesee ko yaari ɗer diiwal. Ɗuuɗirka Ɗun ɓaawo anɗaago ɗuuɗirka ngo Abakaliki un 915,438 (ɗungu 2019) ɗuun un 0.253% ngo limgal ɗuuɗirka Naajeeriya tooba ɗuuɗirka mauni yarugo bano e go’o e wakkatire 2006-2015 (5.31% ɗungu) unɗun misaltaki ɗun ton ɗuuɗirka ngo Abakaliki ebano 2021 ebakoma 1,179,280. Ɗemmografiwal Abakaliki eko ɗuuɗi eta ɓe Igbo yimɓe, Abakaliki un ɓe ɗuɗɓe hisago eta wayla-fuuna Igbo yimɓe ɓe Afikpo-Abakaliki. Abakaliki ewaaaɗa e yimmitore ɗun yimɓe hiiɓe Abakaliki siyasaje mobguɗe hautuɗe Chaukwu Ishielu-Izzi-Ezza-Ikwo. Areeji Abakaliki yurmi etaɓe nastirgo wuttuɗe noɓe Enugu Afikpo e ogoja laawo Abakaliki ɗembo e woodi asibitiwal mangal yalɓe fuu lattigal kaata gal ngal ɗun ɗuuɗgal jaigal dokkowal ballital kautugal asibitiji pamari eɗe ɗokka eɗer gelle ɗen e diiwal. Eboɗemn woodi teɗɗuɗi areeji ɗi faago yeeso filotooɗun eɗer gelleji ɗii ɗikauti baano laawol gattegol nyiiɓol sarirɗe e inare luumo yaago saharawo diiwirgo ɗau gaɗawal ngal presco e spera-in-deo selirɗe ɗen e luttuɗe. Janɗe Diiwal Ebonyi Jangirɗe diiwal Ebonyi wonɗe joɗerɗe eɗe joɗeri eɗer yaasi ɗun ta gelle ɗen. Diinah Abakaliki yimɓe baano kaama luttuɓe fombina-fuuna Naajeeriya ɓe tokkuɓe kiristankoen. Luttuɗe diinaje ɗeɓe ngaaɗi imanu baano finna tawaaje, julɗaku (Islam) ekoluji fuu. Eɓe kuutira enon hautugo juuɗe ngo ɓe leysdi ɗenbo e ɓaawo ɓe leysdi gaɗa goɗɗe guttuɗe ɗe leydi ɗin. Roman Catholic, Prebyterian, Anglican e lutuuɗe Missions. Eɗe tokkina imanu kiristankoen ɗun maru 1,1973 gelle ɗen ɗe ngaaɗi joɗergal nguɓe Roman Catholic Diocese ngal Abakaliki. Abeokuta un gelle joɗerɗe mawɗe nɗe Diiwal Ogun ɗer fombina faaro hirna Naajeeriya. Eɗe un jooɗori eɗau fuuna bankiwal ngalɓe dallol Ogun haaɗe e hautirɗe nɗe haiire wurtoɗe aure ɗer e ledde jaayal (savannah) kilomiita 77 (48mi) woyla e Legas e laawol ndiyam ko 130kilomita (81mi) e diyam. E baano 2006, Abekuuta e ɓee ko futuniɗun inaje ɓe goodi ɗuuɗirka 449,088. Joogaarafi e Jawɗi Abeokuta ɓurɗi taakiri leydi nɗi ledde savannah ɗe ɗau nɗi ɓe feshshake e teɗɗuɗun ɗun laawoniwal granite. Nɗi sarkitake eɗer yaasi inarje ɗe nɗi fiitiini e loope yibgal 18mileji ɗer wurtigo ledde neɓɓan, lumbaje anɗaɗe ruubaje doogaji alkamari (marori), mɓai, masardi, nhottollo, luttuɗe ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e sheabutterje un mawɗe ɗawirɗe e luumo. Un maɓɓitriiɗi wurtinarɗe ɗer goroje, dibinoje gurtirɗe ɓiɓɓe leɗɗe e goroje kanje ma ɓiɓɓe. Fuu marori e hotollo eɗun hollinaɗun e mishinariere eɗer 1850s eɗen ɗun lattake mauɗun wuttuɗu eɗun jaudi haaɗe e dye indigo. Abekuuta ɓurdi jonɗe ɓe haire olumo wuuro ngo ɗuɗɗe luure e baafe. Ɓe jooɗiiɓe eɓe doogari e dallol oyan ɗun eɗau diiyam kuutirɗam lattaɗan kossojan ɗan dogortake weeɗu ɗun eɗu jottari ɗer Abeokuta wayla hukuma pamarun ɗun ɗer diiwal Ogun eɗer hirnari leydi Naajeeriya e haaɗe kamani kilomita 20km wayla hirna ɗun diiwal gal gelle Abeokuta. Weeɗu ɗun nɗu rashaake ɗallol oyam e anɗiragal dallol Ogun. Abekuuta un gelle hedikwatawol ngal hawtugo Diiwal Ogun-Osun dallol nyeɗol huwirɗe lattigol hoshugol ngol faago yeso ngol leydi e diiyam huuɗeji ɗun laagos, Ogun e Oyo diiwee ɗun ɗer koɓe waatiirta deemal sheeɗu yamɗu-hebgo e kuɓɓirɗer pamari inaje sana’aje eɗer amma naa shembiɗɗe ɗun ɓikka leɗɗe canninje, Aawa, Robaje, Defirɗe, Giyanjan hosam naii ɗen e dalmaji heurugo ko sorete fombina geɓal ngal unɗe-aro granite quarije. Jahaleeji Abeokuta egal hiɓɓoɗi haaɗe laagos kauti e laawol girgiwal ndiiyam kennyaagal (timminagal) ɗer 1899 goɗugal juutirka 77kilomita (48mi) tun 2021 hangal wooni laawol girgiwal ndiiyam anɗaaga fooɗigal ngal laagos-Ibadan, hangal ɗaari e Abeokuta ga’al gal nyiɓgal keesal ngal ɓaama ɗer Abeokuta. Hocugo eta Ibadan acci eɗau 8:30 e 16:30 kullum foɗai yaari laagos eɗau 10:00 yaari 18:00 ɗereyel saiɗa eɗun waɗɗa e heɓagel e hisago ɗen e shede tan. Laawol ngol hauti ɗun e laagos ɗenbo e Ibadan-lluro, Shagamu, Iseyim, Sangoota, e Ketou. Ɗistinore Ɗer 1817 lamorɗe Oyo sarkita eɗau konu gaɗa ɗen. Areji kollinama gaɗa sarkitago Oyo hautiɗin eɓe Ijebu eɗer konu ɗembo e Owu ɗer fombinare yarabankoen lattiɓe sharkitiɓe e wakkatire wore tokkiri e haugo ngo owu ɗer 1822 ɓe arɗugal Ife e Ijebu fuu ɓe ngarti e gure maɓɓe amma luttuɓe soljaen eɓe gooɗi jonɗe hauti e Oyo ɓe matinake noɗɗal maɓɓe ngal Ijebu yaari Ipara inare lattiɗe hautuɗe ɗe ɗun honiroita goɗɗe sareje eɗer inaje maɓɓe. Ɗu un kautuɗun ɗun hauti hakkilo maajun inare go’o gam helaki konuu hauti e Egba ɓe ɗelli semɓe maɓɓe ɗun geɓal ɗun ɓe tigga ɗun yorobankoen manguɓe eɗer ƙarnuji 13 eɗen ɓe sharkitake eɗer laddeji hakkuɗe Ipara e Ibadan. Hautuɗe ɗen ɗe wonni ɗuɗɗun ɗun ɗu’um sareji eɗurke kautu e gelle goote ɗeɗun wawa timminki wonnuki, Ibadan lattinama hautirɗe e ɓeddage walliki. Tanbaano e jungaaku ɓe Egba kibbi ɗiri e hautugo joɗiɗo Ibadan. Hautare hakkuɗe ungiyaaji ɗiɗi arose eɗer woore mo Egba mauɗo inɗe lamadi fiɗaaɗo ɗer yonki mauɗo inɗe Ege e maiɗe ɗen e pistol ejairi hautare jooɗi koɗuun faɗɗamo eɗer taɓɓitin anɗaaɗun. Saakugo Ife gaɗii ɗuɓɓe ɓe Egba sharkitake e kongii ɓegaaɗi saakaago baano 3 ko 4 milji woɗɗugo eɗer goɗɗe guttule ɗun gotol mayolwol. Ɗo’o un inɗe sokeɗe eɓe mawɗe maɓɓe e ɓaagi eɗau yolɗe wiaɗe haire Olumo inare ɗeɗun heɓri saare Abeokuta eɗer 1830 un sare famarɗe nɗe femoɓe. Ɓaawo 1825 haire olumo un ɗemma inaare anɗaɗe nɗer gaɗa Ibadan e dahomey wanshoɓe yimɓe kulnoɓe heeyazi e yeltirɗe kosha areeji egun haire ɗen filtina ɓe yonɗe. Ɓe Egba nyiiɓuuɓe abeɗarta ɗun haade ɓe kautiɗiri e luttuɓe Egba shaliɓe ɗe e henɗi tiiɓe membaen ɓe owu shoptoyiɓi gaɗa nangeeki. Ɗun latti ummiɗun haire yasi e wuro ɗun ɓe ɗuuɓe ɓe Egba. Saboe un maɓɓi tirɗe joɗarɗe ledde dibrage shotere e saboe eɗun noɗɗiraɓe mawɗe Egba. Domomey haade lattake kulmaɗun eɗer 1851 dandal Abeokuta ɓe Egba konaama lamiɗo gezo ɗen eɓe Dohomey ɓe saakiti galɓu haajoni soljien ɗer 1864. Tsanuwal Kollingan Abeokuta 1929 Ɓe 1860s ɗenha kolli matsalu wargo hauti e yuroopeun inɗe ɓe Britainiankoen ɗer laagos hamɓe ardi Egba fuɗɗugo hautugo luumo hautie sakaaki missionkoen e ɓe luumo ɗer 1867 hakkuɗe 1877 e 1893 yorubankoen koonu hauri e Abeokuta jiiki e Ibadan hanju waɗɗi lamɓe Egba ngaɗi jungo e kautal e Britainkoen gomnaajo Sir Gillbert Carter. Ɗu un ɗun waaɗi e 1893 ɗun heeɓiri hautugo Egba hukumare hautirɗe e Abeokuta. Dammuɗun gabatorɗun wurtugo ɗun ɓe ɗer Egba jahirɗun ɗun ɓe wolwoɓe leydi. Ɗer 1918 haure koonu ummake eɗer inaare ɓe aɗuɓi koonu nonɗuɓe eɓe jaɓoɓe jangal e ɓorɗe ɗe yottungo dokawal gal Sir Frederick Lugard gomnaajo mo Britainkoen. Eɗer konu artuɗun ɗun duniyaru. Ɓe Abeokuta rouɓe kiɓɓiɗun e les arɗugal rouɓe Abeokuta keɓi inaare ɗer 1940s un softugo ortugo ngo ɓe jangal ngaaɗi haajoni eɗer laamu boɗejo Naajeeriya. Ɗer 1976 Abeokuta lattake hautirɗe mawɗe gallinɗe diiwal Ogun. Nyible Anɗaaɗe Abeokuta un gotun gonɗun futingo baanu 18mil e jaajirka eɗen no ɗistinore jajirka e huuwa haa jooni Ake ɓe finatawaje joɗiɓe ɓeɗen alake e haaɗe ƙarnual suudu (centuary hall) (1930) ɓe fuu un ɓe Egba alake wonniɓe. Ewooɗi primareje e secondarare ɗen e universitiwal laagos shuuɗi ɗi Abeokuta amti ɗer 1984 yible ɗen anɗirama taayaka demal e gollital. Ɗu’un ɗun dun wailitake e jangirɗe hautuɗe nɗe deemal, Abeokuta (fuuna B) ɗer 1988. Ɓe larawal tukkinowal feroyi jaigal hotelwal yiɓaaga ngal arɗiɗo leydi kiiɗo Olusegun Obasanjo president library (OOPL) un a haaɓo ejoɗi e ɗanɗal ɓe hautugo. Ngomnajo e joɗori e yibgal Oke-mosan e haabo yibgal anɗagal jangirɗe deemal hautuɗe ɗe Abeokuta e joɗari e laawol Alabata ɗer Abeokuta e gootal maugu jangirɗe e Naajeeriya. Nassiji Diiwe Naajeeriya Kaula Lumpur un (eeragol Malaysia: [ˈkualə, -a ˈlumpo (r), -ʊ(r)] ), jeeide noddirta Hore hautirde [Kuala Lumpur] ( Malay : Wilayrsekutuan Kuala Lumpur ) e colloquially daawda eɗum KL , un e maptuuɗe hautirde ɗen de jooɗorde kuumtaal, laamu e laammnuki gelle ɗun [Malaysia] . It un gelle ɗe ɗer go'o ɓurde yaawnirki maugu ɗer geɓɓal Asiya ɗen e gelle jaiɗe mauɗe ɗer [Malaysia], moɓuugo haa ɗun geɓɓe 243 km 2 (94 sq mi) hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe 1,982,112 de hisaago 2020.[8] mauɗe [Kuala Lumpur] ,ɗen bo anɗiradun ɗe Klang Valley ,in gassiol maargol jokki 7.564 Millie ɗun yimmɓe ɗum eɗun 2018. [4] unɗe ɗen ede der galluji maunilaaudi gebbi ɗer fommbina Asiya fuu eta konooni ɗuuɗirka e jaudi faaruuɗi Yeeso. Islamabad / ɪzˈlɑːməbæd/ ( listen ); [9] Urdu : ﺍﺳﻼﻡ ﺁﺑﺎﺩ , romanized : Islām ābād ) un gelle mauɗe Hore hautirde leydi [Pakistan] , e ɗenbo laamorde leydi [Pakistani] hautirde ho'ukumare wuttudu ɗu ɗe [ Islamabad] mauɗe jooɗorde. Unɗe gelle jeweenaayije mauɗe ɗer [Pakistan]. [6] Nyibgal nyiiɓaagal siryanoogal gelle ɗer de 1960s, ɗun heedanɗe [Rawalpind dau hautirde [Pakistan]. [Islamabad] jommnitari mauɗe dardiɗe ɗun nokku nguurdam, [10] nɗeenaagu, [1] e ɗe kooruuɗuɗe. [11] Damascus dəˈmæskəs/ də-MASS-kəs , UK kanbo / də ˈmɑːskəs/ də-MAH-skəs ; Arabic: ﺩﻣﺸﻖ Dimashq , IPA: [di ˈmaʃq] un gelle Hore hautirde leydi Syria , gelle nebnɗee eɗer galluji de Duniyaru e, noonude ɗebe gotte ,ɗe naayauuje galliol maugol nebbgol ɗer Islama [Islam .]. Ladde Yankari Latake babal Mangal jei Siutare dabbaji ladde latinde fombina shakantare nɗer Diiwal Bauchi, woila leysdi Naajeeriya. Maunuki ladde mai heutai babal 2,244 (square kilometers) (866sq ml) nden bo ɗum sibore ha ndiyam nguldam bulata, be gene marde pindii fefere. Ladde mai latake ɓee daraja sosai haa wanshobe larana gite mum en, be yahobe ngam siuto nden lara dabbaji ladde gondi haa babe maji ha taire savanna nde hirnange Afrik. Daga aran dei ladde Yankari fe'ama on ngam babal pijirle haa nduubu 1056, amma daga bawo babal mai latake ɗum babal mangal ngal siutare on haa lesdi Naajeeriya duuɓi 1991. Ladde latake babal on ngal laranobe gite mun en ɓuri yidugo yahugo ha lesdi Naajeeriya, babal mai do botiro lesdi sosai ha fanni laranobe gite mun en be hollu ki dabi'aaji leysɗi Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Halliru Ɗantoro Ƙitoro III (1938 - Yarkooma 30, 2015) O mari laamu ɓoyma goɗɗo siyasa haa Naajeeriya. Yalade man 26 lewru Colite, hitaandee 2020. Ɗantoro o warti lamɗo Borgu, gotel nder laamurde Naajeeriyaje ɓoima wani haa Neja, ɓawo debe medi mu’ardimo, Alhaji Isiyaka Musa jikantoro yande 26 lewru Colite, 2002. O jaggi laamu man hade omayi yande 28 ha lewru Yarkooma, hitaande 2015. Lorna fofa Ɓe danyi Ɗantoro hitaande haa 1938, kanko’on gajijo nder bukkwai tati je dadiraɓe danyiɓe. Wuro maɓɓe New Bussa. O huyi yake laamu soaja Diiwal Kwara wakkati laamu Yakubu Gowon. Ɗantoro o jaggi mangu Kwammishinajo remugo nder ɗe dubu be reta o jaggi mangu kwammishina ceede yahugo lebbi jego, denbo be lammini mo kwammishinajo lomo ha yahugo ɓe wai litti laamu hitandee 1975 yande man 29 ha lewru Duujal mu waddi laamu ke sum ha ngomnatiwal man ngomnati ɓawo lammini mo nder de jagwarɗo hukama’on, The Herald, kamfaniwal maɓɓe ha jaridaje maɓɓe nukkure man ɗon hosa tiddongol man hitannde 1974, ɓe lammini Dantoro der de jakwarɗo maɓɓe hukuma’on hakki lango maayo Neja woɗon ballita romaɓe ha nukkure Kwara, Neja be Kaduna. Yake jamhuriya ɗiɗi, o balliti jagwarɗo NPN ha nukkure Kwara, denbo o lami minista birniwul mangol muftol dan muɗun ha hitannde 1983 yake ngomnati jagwarɗo Shehu Shagari. Sai dai ɓenu mayi ɓetan mayi wai littigo laamu Naajeeriya waddi regere maako me ta lol maako der de maako Minista birnuwal mango gondaal ha lewru Disamba 1983. Ɗantoro denbo o huyi ha der de sanata ha hitaande 1992 derde memba shubtugo siyasaje kinga inde maga NPC lamɗo Halliru Dantoro o mayi ha asibiti fere ha leydi Jamus ɓawo yau dam muɗum yande lewru Oktoba, 2015. Yake umari dubi 77 ha dunya. Hiimoɓe Chidinma Leilani Aaron ɓe danyimo: 16 ha lewru Afrilu hitannde 1993 ɓi Naajeeriya’on ɓi luumo defowo’on, andowo’on, dabareji wa ɗon huwa dauran gwaɓe saatal koffi. Jutal balɗe arande be andal Be danyimo Chidinmo ha wuro Kaduna ha nukkure Kaduna, Omauni ha birnuwal mangul Abuja, Naajeeeriya. Kanko’on mawɗo ɓingel mawɗo der bukkwai roɓe tati je ɗaɗiraɓe danyiɓe. Ɓawo o hoti der birnuwul Ibadan, ha Otimmini janngirde digirije arande wakkere kujeju luumo ha hitannde 2017. Bakko heɓugo bauɗe maako sarauniya boɗigoje Naajeeriya bana Miss Nigeria, o huyido der de ɗefowo yamdu waɗon hakkila nabe woraɓe cuggo ha Yumme Meals saare sorugo yamdu ha FCT, Abuja. Nassiji Mawɗo alkali Joseph Adetunji Adefarasin (1921 – 28 Maris 1989) lauya Naajeeriya’on mawɗo’on alkalijo’on hasuda kita gondal. Woɗon gotel der fukaraɓe mawɓe kwaleji’on Igbo bi je woni ha Yaba, je Laagos daga 1932 yahugo 1939 o jangi kita ha jami’a ha Lanndon daga’on 1946 yahugo 1949. Joseph Adefarasin kanko’on jagwado kitoɓe ha Laagos je ɗiɗi daga’on 1 lewru Nuwamba 1974 yahugo 24 je lewru Afrilu, 1985. Denbo kanko’on jagwardo kautal ballitigo je Red Cross be Red Crescent daga hitannde 1977 yahugo 1981. Kanko’on ɓi Afrika arande kanko’on joggiɗo der ɗe maako ɓe hokkimo lambo manugo je Henry Dunant kanjim’on lamba manugo je Red Cross je dunya. Debbo maako je otia’i kanko’on Hilda Adefarasin. Ɓe danyi bukkwai joyi hautibe je Wale Adefarasin, Bola Adefarasin, Yinka Ogundipe, Michael Adeyemi Adefarasin be Paul Adefarasin. Nassiji Kemafo Nonyerem “Kema” Chikwe kiɗɗo ministajo yadu feroji kautal liddi Naajeeriya. Jotta no ɗin woni wo ɗon joggi mango jagwardo roɓe ha liddi ha shubtugo Naajeeriya mo PDP. Chikwe o fuɗɗi janngirde gada oduɓi joyi haa wuro Aba woni ha nukkure Abiya ha jotta. O jangi ɗingal Paris haa janngirde Advance Teacher’s College, Owerri. Denbo oyehi Janngirde Sarauniya (Queens College) mo Janngirde (City/Birniwol) je woni ha New York haaton o heɓi janngirde Naajeeriya, Nsukka, haa wakkkere andal taskare manhaja ekkitingo (Curriculum Development). Chikwe o warti ɓi jarida sare rediyo, edita’on be bindiwo. Kanko’on jagwardo yaccigo ɓe ɓenana kanko’on tongataɗi ha kamfani figo jarida man je Prime Times Limited, fiyoɓe Mujallaje. O fiyi defte tati, o bon’ini tonge maako ɗuɗɓe o hokki jayo maako kuugal defte ɗudɓe. O nasti kautal joɗi be hore maɓɓe ɗudɓe ha o fuɗɗi nastigo siyasa ha jamhuriya ɗiɗi. Yadu maako o fuɗɗi be shubtal NPN je leydi. Daga ɓawo o lori NRC sai UNCP lattobo PDP. Jagwardo Olusegun Obasanjo Olamminimo der de minista jahale, denbo o lori Olammini mo der de minista jahaleje firoje dou, ha o joggi laamu man ha yahugo lewru mayu 2003. Daga ɓawo o dari gtefugo laamu nukkure Imo ha hitannde 2009 o warti lilaɗo Naajeeriya ha Ireland. Kanko’on bo danyi ɗo mo ɓi gambaraje (Hip-Hip) Naajeeriya kanko’on naeto. Lencitaaki Ibrahim Shekarau (o ɗanyaama 5 Jolal 1955) un ministajo ilmu leysdi Naajeeriya kiiɗo ɗembo ngomnajo Kano nɗer Hautugo Naajeeriya o cubtaama ngomnajo Diiwal Kano haa nɗe ɗiɗi o cubtaama ɗer Sedto 2003 ɗen o fuu'utugo cubteeki ɗer Sedto ɗungu 2007. O mambaajo partie keesun biaɗun New Nigeria People Party (NNPP). E mo ɗer teefooɓe jooɗorgal laamu leysdi Naajeeriya ɗer cuɓaal gaaɗaagal mobgal Naajeeriya ɗebe cuɓaal 2011. Taarihiwol Shekarau un ɗanyaamo anyuumo ɗer ɗi Kurmawa quartaare ɗun Kano, mo ɓiɗɗo mo taaduugal polisjo O jangi eɗe gidan makama jangirde primarie duuɓi 1961-1967), ɗen Kooleejiwal Kano ngal luumorde ɗin nduubi (1967-1973) e himmirde Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello ngoonɗe Zariya (1973-1977. Inaare ɗemoo heeɓi digiriwal maako artungal e fannu janɗe mathematics. Ɓaawo timminki digiriwal maako o huuwi e jonɗe gollitowo komo fuɗɗa janginki e Janngirde Wudil no modibbo janginowo mathematics nɗer duuɓi 1978. Duuɓi ɗiɗi gaɗa ɗon o lattake princifaljo e jangirde famar de ɗe Wudil. Hiimoɓe Naajeeriya Yimɓe Yimɓe Naajeeriya Pelaajo Kano Pelaajo Naajeeriya Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri o ɗanyaama nyalɗe (27 ɗebe Yarkooma duuɓi 1967), un gimɗo cuuɓal ɗen kanko Woonii ɗe hanɗe arduujo jonɗe Govnaajo Diiwal Adamawa. Hiimoɓe Naajeeriya Yimɓe Yimɓe Naajeeriya Pelaajo Adamawa Pelaajo Naajeeriya Abba Kabir Yusuf mo ɗun annɗiirii Abba o daanyaaɗo ɗe 5 ɗi leuru siilo duuɓi 1963. Un gimɗo cuuɓal lattiɗo darii ɗo tefuuki njooɗorgal Govnaajo Diiwal Kano edi cuɓal waataagal duuɓi 2019 eles cubtal ɗoiidi biagal People's Democratic Party (PDP). Mo lattake essiraawo mo Govnaajo Diiwal Kano kiiɗo Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso. Nassiji Naajeeriya Worɓe Worɓe Naajeeriya Diiwal Kano Marry Elizabeth Truss Iriminmo (26 Korse 1975) inmuu siyaasaje leydi Inngila inmoo huwa ba arɗoju jam'iyyaji Conservative gada 6 Siilto 2020. Ɗou wangi ba majalisa (mp) ta hirnaa toh humbinaa Norfolk daga ɗo wangi/duubi 2010. Truss o waɗi kuugal/kuuɗe to ofis to majalisa ya,e ministaji a gyaɗi fere fere firayam minista David Cameron, Theresa e Boris Johnson. Truss oyahii kwaleeji Marton Oxford, boo dowangi to'e Ardiiɗo Kwaleeji Oxford Liberal Democrats e duuɓi 1996, o rootake jande boo o natti jam'iyya Conservative. To'e ohowii e shell toe cable ohh ba ayyinaaɗo dun kungiyar o wailiti tunani maako. Gada inmake suɓta didoo amma o hibaa nasara toh hiba suudu depite'en. Hai insubi mah mangu wakilci loukil hirna e hunbina Norfolk eii zabe maudoo 2010.eii mango mako eii warbe jogake iko,oloudi Enmo inaa toh fani siyasa ei famanke sukahoe,ei fani daudike ilimi limgal,ei fani tattali risku. Otigii kungiya lomu mowwalitu yan majalisu Conservative kuma ewondi darejii eii littattafai,hae imada gara,hae egada maju coalition (2011) me britannia unchanged 2012) Hiimoɓe Inngila Rewɓe Rewɓe Inngila Laamu Gombe shiree fulbe, Laamu Gelle Gombe shandakee kashi jawyo go'on (Laamu Dukku, Deba, Akko, Yamaltu, Pindiga, Nafada e Funakaye). Lamido Gombe mo jornii hankoo Alhaji Abubakar Shehu Abubakar III, gadoudu laamu yande aa 6 lewru Korse nduubi 2014. Allahinujoo Lamiɗo Gombe, Alhaji Shehu Usman Abubakar mo wartii Lamiɗo daga lewro Juko nduubi 1985. Laamlamɓe Laamlamɓe Lamou Gombe. Hiimoɓe Sudu Gandal e nder ngoɗɗo hello ene tawe hen gande keewɗe ko faate diine e istuwar e golal e laamɓe nden be ekn. Hiimoɓe Real Madrid un kongol fiijo ball ɗin leydi Sipaniya ngonɗum ɗer Yuroopu. Nassiji Sipaniya bolji Barcelona un kongol fiijo ball ɗer Yuroopu Hiimoɓe Damaturu Doum Hukuma Pamarun ɗen eɗe gelle mauɗe Hautirɗe Diiwal Yobe nɗer Woyla Haata Fuuna Naajeeriya Hawre Hautirɗe ɗen e ɗe un Laamarɗe Damaturu. Distinorɗe Damaturu waari e ɗer kuuɗe ɓeɗun laamu boɗejo henɗutuɓe ɗun eɗer yaasi. Alagoni jinsuwal ɗun eɓe turanko’en Biritinkeejum ɗun keɓaaɗe eɗer hautuɗe ɓeɗun laamaɗe bonu ɗer 1902 ɗun e ta laamu turankoen taeti eles ɗe mauɗo kokkuɗo umaniwal ɗun laamu boɗejo Thomas Markus. Boko Haram Damaturu honaamu e wakkatire ɗeɗɗe eɓe boko haram jahadu umminoɓe haure giɗɓe tigga khalitajo eɗer wayla fuuna Naajeeriya. Ɗer Disamba-Nowamber 2011 ɓe paɗɗi yimɓe ko ɓuuri ɗari (sappoje sappo) e tokkotirɗun konuu. Der Disamba 2011 ɓe peri bomji ɗiɗi ɗer Damaturu. Ɗer Junie 2012 ummino ɓe hakkilo kamɓe 40 ɓe wuro prisoner yimɓe 40 cuuɗar ɗen yimɓe jewetato paɗɗama. Ɗer junie 2013 ɓe jaarani jangirɗe hanwa ɗen ɓe paɗɗi yimɓe sappo e tauto ɗer maɓɓe haa e jangooɓe e moɗɗiɓe. Ɗer Octoba 2013 soljien kautiɗin helaanaki inaaje ɗen e ɗanɗal haa asibitiwal (hospital). Ɗer Disamba 2014 soljien jaari konuu haajooni piiɗee bindigaji ɗen e peccotoɗun ɗun naanii ɗer e filaago masifu ɗun police en anɗinii ɗun wooɗugo ummaki hiitee jangirɗe diiwal Yobe ɗembo wani les honeeki. Ɗer Fabrairu 2015 ɗeeweel pamarel taadake bonwa faɗɗi yimɓe 16 e inare nyeeguki motaaji. Ɗer Fabrairu 2020 e massacre waaɗi ɗer Auno e laamu Damaturu-Maiduguri ɗatal jutugo hanoɓe paɗɗi yimɓe ɗen nguuli motaji e wuujjukii yimɓe. Joogaraafi Lambawal noɗɗirga biangal post code un 620. Hukuma pamarun eɗun woodi njaajirka ɗun 2,366km e ɗuuɗirka yimɓe ɗun 88,014 eɗun hisaago 2006. Galluwol Damaturu un eɗe A3 lawoo jutuugol e ɗer 2010 ɗun ƙiyastaake ɗuuɗirka baano 44,268. Waylare fuunawal ɗaataal ɗun fottiɗe-latituɗe e longitude salii haaɗer ciyawal ɗunɗerhaa eɗer woyla. Nassiji Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Yobe Badariya Tijjani Kalarawi Athens hens (/ ˈæθɛnz/ ATH-enz ; [5] Greek : Αθήνα, romanized : Athína [aˈθina] ( listen); Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι, romanized : Athênai (pl.) [atʰɛ̂ːnai̯] ) un gelle hautirde leydi [Greece]. Hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe koyahri miliyanji nayi. ɗum gelle mauɗe der leydi [Greece] ɗen e jowee ɗiɗije ɗer galluje mauɗe der hautirde lesɗe yuroopu. konaakiri ˈkɒnəkri/ ; noddirde faransi: ​[kɔnakʁi] ; Susu: Kɔnakiri ; N’ko : ߫ߌߙߞߊߣߐߞ, Fula : Konaakiri 𞤑𞤮𞤲𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤭𞤪𞤭)Un hautirde leydi ɗen e gelle mauɗe der leydi [Guinea] . Ɗin mantorde gelle ɗen Un hewrude jaudi,ceede e ko finni tawa ɗum [Guinea]. Iɗuuɗirka yimɓe e hisaago wataago ɗer ɗi ɗumngu 2014 Un banoo 1,660,973. Bucharest (UK : / ˌbuːkəˈrɛst/ BOO-kə-REST , US : / ˈbuːkərɛst/ -⁠ rest ; Romanian : București [bukuˈreʃtʲ] (heitina)) un lamorde e gelle mauɗe ɗe leydi Romaniya. Kam bo fiina taawa, sana'aji e joɗoorde jaudi. E ɗi ɗom joɗori haa ɗer fombina-fuuna ɗum ɗi leydi den,ɗii Be Bankiwal dum ɗe Dâmbovița. Vienna (/ viˈɛnə/ ( listen ) vee-EN-ə ; [7][8] German: Wien [viːn] (heitina); Austro-Bavarian : Wean [veɐ̯n]) Un lamorde, gelle mawɗe e go'o ɗum ɗer diiwe jowee nayi ɗun Austriyya. Vienna un galliol Gasol ɓorgol ɗuuɗuki hauti e baano miliyanji ɗiɗi [9](2.9)miliyanji hautuuɗe filtiingo geɓɓal ngal,[10]haade go'o tatije ɗun ɗi ɗuuɗirka leysdi ɗin,e de finna tawi, jaudi e joɗorde siyasa. Un gelle de jowee go'o mauɗe ɗe hollingo ɓe ɗuuɗirka der hautirde yuroopu e de gelle mauɗe ɗun fuu gasuji ngu mayo [Danube}. Hamburg (German: [ˈhambʊʁk] ( listen ), [ˈhambʊɪ̯ç] ( heitingo ); Low Saxon : Hamborg [ˈhambɔːç] ( Heitina)), keeɓaaɗet ɗi friiwal e Hanseatikwal gelle ɗum Hamburg (Jaaman:freie e Hanseatikwal Hamburg;pamaral Saxon:friee un Hanseatikwal Hamborg. Un gelle ɗiɗije ɓurɗe maugu nder jaarmaani ɓaawo [Berlin] ɗen boo e galliol Gasol jowee tatiwol e maugol non Capitalji galluje yuroopu ɗen hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani haaba 1.85miliyanwal. Hamborg gelle mooɓirde duuduki ha baano yaari 2.5 miliyanji [1] e laaɓiidi ɗuudirka lardu ɗuuɗirka baano 5.1 miliyan a hisaago yimɓe eta maayo Elbe e ɗiɗi lasgi,ɗi maayo Alster ɗen e maayo Bille. Go'o ɗum jaarmaani sappo e jowee go'o kautirde diiwe, Hamborg e howni deɓe schleswing-Holstein ta faroo fombina. Nassiji Berniiji Berniiji Jaaman Jaaman Diiwal dow e Jaaman Budapest ( UK: /ˌb( j)uːdəˈpɛst, ˌbʊd-, ˈb( j)uːdəpɛst, ˈbʊd-/ , US : / ˈbuːdəpɛst, - pɛʃt, ˌbuːdəˈpɛʃt/ ; [10][11][12] Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɑpɛʃt] (heitina)) un lamorde kapital ɗen gelle mauɗe jajuuɗe ɗer [Hungry]. Ɗen un gelle ɗe jowee nayi ɓurɗe maugu ɗer yuroopu limtaagal ɗen e ɗiɗeeɓe gelle finndi de be mayo Danube;[13][14][15]Ɗun ƙiyastake ƙiyaasu ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe gelle ɗen ngu 1,752,286 ko foodi geɓɓal leysdi kamani 525 km2 (203mik). [16] [Budapest], ɗe un fuu gelle e foɗirde leydi de caka ɗum ɗi [[Budapest] mobgal geɓɓal,edi kowoodi geɓɓal leysdi kamani 7,626Km²;(2,944m² e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe koyahri 3,303,786,kamantago 33%ngu ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe lesdi [Hungry]]. [17][18]. Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German: München [ˈmʏnçn̩] ( listen ); Bavarian : Minga [ˈmɪŋ(ː)ɐ] ( heitina )) Un ɗi lamorde kapital e gelle mauɗe der leydi jaarmaani diiwe de Bavaria. Hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe ɗun 1,558,395 joɗiiɓe ɗer ɗumngu 2020,un gelle tatije e jaarmaani ɓaawo [Berlin]E [Hamborg],ɗen bo e maugu ngu galluje luttuɗe ɗen kollata ɓe diiwe ɗen bo e kanje ngooni sappo e go'o gelle mauɗe der yuroopu. mogadishu mogadishu ( /ˌmɒɡəˈdiːʃuː, - ˈdɪʃ-/ , also US : / ˌmoʊɡ-, ˌmɔːɡ-/ ; [5][6][7] Somali : Muqdisho [mʉq'dɪ:ʃɔ] or Xamar [ħɑmɑr] ; Arabic: ﻣﻘﺪﻳﺸﻮ Maq(a)dīshū ; Italian : Mogadiscio [moɡaˈdiʃʃo] ), locally known as Xamar or Hamar , un gelle lamorde kapital leysdi Somali Addis Ababa ( /ˌædɪs ˈæbəbə/ ; [5] Amharic: አዲስ አበባ, lit.  'fulaawa keesun' [adˈdis ˈabəba] ( heitina )), annɗiraɗum Finfinne[6] (lit. "Weeɗuu njaaram" nɗer Oromo ), [7] Un lamorde e kapital leydi ethiopiyya. Ɗen haanobo jooɗorde ɗe hukuma ɗumOromia : Oromia haabo ɗe yaasiiɗum jokkirde hautude diiwe[8[9[10]. Der ɗe lingal 2007, deƙiyastaɗuudirkalarduyimɓegelleɗen baano 2,739,551 joɗiiɓe ɗer [2]. Nairobi ( /naɪˈroʊbi/ ny-ROH-bee ) un laamorde e kapital ɗem e gelle mawɗe ɗe leydi Kenya . Innde ɗen heeɓaama e ɗe ɓe massiwal gollid. Enkare Nairobi, e de fassire e ndiyam peudam, de nassiji ɗe mayo [Nairobi] filtiingo gelle fuu. Galliol (berniiji) ngol engol woodi ɗuɗirka yimɓe ha faadi 4,397,073 eder ɗi 2019 lingal waataagal. Haa ɗen bo jajirka leysdi ɗuuɗiri baano ɗum 9,354,580. Galliol ngol ɗum buri anɗirki kooreeji ɗun ɗe naage. Nassiji Berniiji Kenya Nairobi Abidjan ( /ˌæbɪˈdʒɑːn/ AB-ih-JAHN , French: [abidʒɑ̃] ; N’ko : ߲߬ߊߖߌߓߊ) un hautirde jaudi e lamorde e kapital leysdi [kodduwaar]. E wii'aago kollinngo limgal 2021 , [Abidjan] un duuɗirdum yimɓe haa bano miliyanji 6.3, [3] . Lattiɗum haa bano 21.5% Dun ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe leysdi, e ɗen jowee go'o mauɗe der leyɗe Afrik, Ɓaawo [laagos],[kairo], [Kinshasa] , [Dar es Salaam] , e [Johannesburg]. Ɗe finnugo jokkol ɗum Hirnaare [Afrik], un ɗe annɗirde mauɗe sana'aji e galluje. Haa ɗemboo wolde ɗe dum leysdi Ivory coast un kamɓe ɓurii wolduuki paransiire eɗe dumngal hirna [Afrik]. Khartoum ko Khartum (/kɑːrˈtuːm/ kar-TOOM ; [5][6] Arabic: ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﻡ, romanized: Al-Khurṭūm) un lamorde den kapital leydi Suudan. Hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimɓe koyahri ɗun 5,274,321, ɗun kanje ngooni gelle mawɗe ɓurɗe jajirka leydi ɗer Suudan. Uɗii jooɗorii haade go'o ɗum niluuji daneeji,so'ori wayla weeɗu tana ɗer Ethiopiyya inaare ɗe beelii ɗiɗi kauti Annɗiraaɗi Al-mogran Ko al-muqran ( ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺮﻥ) ; . Inaare ɗe di hautiɗiiri e wayla yeeso Misra e ɗi juggol Mediterranean . Cape Town (Afrikaans:Kaapstad;[ˈkɑːpstat] , Xhosa:iKapa) un go'o eɗer tati ɗi laamorde leydi fombinaare Afrik joddigal e joɗorde siyasa e ngu galluje fombinaare Afrik. Gumel hukuma pamarun e hautirɗe diiwal ɗer Diiwal Jigawa, Naajeeriya. Nassiji Hukuma Pamare Jigawa Eket un gootun eɗer hukumaji 31 ɗi ɗer Diiwal Akwa Ibom, Naajeeriya. Innde Eket ko Ekid eɗe hollina e ɓe usli lasgo kongol ɗunɓe wuttuɗu ɗun ɗen e wolde. Yimɓe Eket e ɓe kuutira e wurtorɗe maɓɓe ɗen e wolde maɓɓe, amma yuroopuen indini e noɗɗiri ɗe inɗe eɗau Eket. Inaare ɗen e hore maare un ɗe gasol ɓe luuɓe eɗer ton ɗuuɓi caoliɗi lattiɗe jokkiɗirɗe chion kauti inaare go’o. Officewal ɗumɓe kakkilanoɓe ko hauti ɗun diiwal Akwa Ibom ƙiyastake geɓɓal hukuma pamarun Eket rammitinnaɗe 176.005 square kilomitre (km2) ɗen e hisaago 2006 (limgal) ƙiyastake ɗuuɗirka yimɓe kamanoo 172,856. Demma boo ministere ɗe faago jauɗi yesso diiwal Akwa Ibom ɗe 2013 ƙiyastaako ɗuuɗirka ede hukuma pamaarun Eket hokkiri baanoo 218,438 hauti e ɗuuɗirka touki nyolɗe 1,241km2. Destinorɗe Walaa ɗuɗɗun binɗaaɗun eɗau yimɓe Eket ɓaawo ko waaruki ɗunɓe missionary yuroopuen saroɓe haaje e lamɓe. Haa ɗembo Portugiesen charkiti ɗer ɗungal dun hirna Afrik eɗer saaliɗe 1400s ɗen e nastuki leyɗe eko nooni luumo kuuɗe e dawirɗe ɓe Afrik. Ɗun’un ɗun hujjawal hautuki yimɓe Eket eɓe Portugues eɗe e wakkatire e ɗunton. Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Akwa Ibom Enugu (einu;gu/heitinago) ay-noogoo;Igbo (Enugu) ) un hore hautirɗe Diiwal Enugu ɗer Naajeeriya. Eɗe joɗori ɗungal ɗer fombina fuuna Naajeeriya gelle ɗen eɗe ngooɗi ɗuɗirka yimɓe haba 722,664 e limgal (hisaago) Naajeeriya ngal 2006. Inɗe Enugu heɓirama gaɗa inɗee de ɗiɗun ɗun Igbo enu ugwu ma’anu dow nyolɗe ɗe nyolɗe gasol joogaraafiwol. Tun ƙarniwol 17 joɗorɗe ɗun jonni yalɗe Enugu e joɗori joɗerɗe ɗe Enugwu-ngwo e nike kongal yimɓe Igbo ɗer 1900 ɓe fombinaare Naajeeriya renorɗe ɗe heɓama wakkati arɗugal lamu boɗejo turankoen e arɗugal Biritinkeejum. Ɗyiita yuulɓe wakkatire de gaɗa turankoen arɗi e faaro heɓiniki e hoɗun tiggiri ɗen anɗira ɗun Enugu wuron yulɓe. Inɗe ɓaawo ɗe haaɗe chiun ɗun Enugu Ngwo les inaare e nyuulɓe keɓiira. Haaɗe gelle ɗe Portharcourt tigga gamma wurtinki nyulɓe ɗen yaasi ko lesɗe yaasi. Distinorde Innuɗe distinorde Artuɗe joɗarɗe nyibgal eɗer Enugu un ɗe famarɗe chief Nike ɗun ogui gonɗun haajooni tun ɗe zaman ɗumɓe choggu ɓe atlantic Nike e bolle Igbo ewaaɗi ma’anu ɗarɗigol ko semɓigal. Un ɗun haaɓe choggoɓe ɗunɓe yimɓe Nike tefaata ɓurɗun ɗun leyɗi maɓɓe ɗe ɗun nyiiɓaayi. Ɓe Nike e kuutira korɗo eɗun helanaaki maaje ɗun lattini korɗe eta hakkuɗe helaaki wonnoɓe gamɗun ɗun un bonee ɗun waiwaiɓe nastina enci muuen keɓani en yairi. Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Enugu Gombe (Fula gelle/wuro Gombe) un gelle mawɗe e hare hautirɗe Diiwal Gombe wayla fuunaa Naajeeriya hauti e ƙiyastago ɗuɗirka yimɓe ɗun 261,536.Gelle ɗen ɗun hore hautirɗe laamu diiwal Gombe. Ɗe diiwal finnaatawa ngal suɗdi ɗuɗdun ɗun diiwal Gombe. Diiwal Gombe e wolwira bolle ɗudde baano hauti e hausare, fulfulde, e tangale e hauti e luttuɗe. Nyaɓɓiɗe faadeyesso diiwal eɗer diiwal haa e maɓɓutuki ɗun bekesun wuro jipporɗe piroje ɗe duniyaru ɗer 2008 e maugu diiwal gelle heɓinki solar nanage. Ɗuɗirka Yimɓe Diiwal Gombe un ɗuɗirɓe ɗe fulɓe yimɓe ɓe ɗuɗiri haabano caaka ɗuɗirka ko koɓuri caaka ɗun ɗuɗirka yimɓe diiwal ngal luttuɗi lasgi kongi eɗer haaɓe bolankoen, teraen, wajaen, e hausa’en yimɓe. Hukuma pamarun ɗun eɗun woodi geɓbol ɗun 52km2 e ɗuɗirka yimɓe ɗun 480,000 eɗun hissago 2006. Boldal biagal post code ngal geɓal ngal un 70. Siyaasaje (cuɓii) Chairmanjo mo hukuma pamaarun mo joni kanako wooni Alhaji Ali Ashaka. Jahaleeji Gombe un marɗun eɗun Gombe lawanti jipporɗe piroje duniyaru ɗen eɗe poliisiire fuunaare laagiwol wuttuɗu ɗuɓe sabiswal leydi laawol pirowal les e motaaji Gombe line kaddi ɗer caaka gelle, ɗer ɗun febrie arɗiɗo leydi Good Luck Jonathan o anɗiirii toon ɗe Gombe-Kafachan-Kaduna caakare luuma gelleji sabisji haaɗun heɓnaamer. Bial ɓehaaɗe ɗunɓe sabiswal jahooɓe eɗen mauna farah yeeso ɗenɗe Gombe e luttuɗe jokkiɗirɗe diiwe. Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Gombe lamu toukocil Dukku eii ɗo Diiwal Gombe Naajeeriya toudin walata touden garee Dukku,cangol Gongola imo toukii gorgal eii woila toucil lamu,emou woudi harton 3,815 km2 andi doudii jama,are 207,190 eii limi 2006, sirree dukku houkaen musilmi, en, doun ewodi kahiri'en. moaudu yaree ein fulbe ɗun hun batatuu fulfulde eii lamu moudun yaree toe  gundi ingilishi hiiri-weti batuu, Lamba worou yeree 760. Lawul waila toe lituggal hardun latitude 14'N toe longitude 14'E oseli eii tokocil lamu Hadde kilomita Joe go,on banye humbina eii litugal toe sirre Dukku. Laamlamɓe Lamou Dukku Lammou Dukku owodi saffo e joweeɗiɗi (17) Lammɓe. Sammbo Geno ɓii Arɗo Abdu Demmbo Dugge ɓii Idrisa Muhammadu Gaaɓɗo ɓii Geno Gorki ɓii Demmbo Muhammadu Bello ɓii Gaaɓɗo Yakubu ɓii Gaaɓɗo Adamu ɓii Gorki Adamu Dagaari ɓii Gaaɓɗo Usmanu ɓii Gaaɓɗo II Jibir ɓii Gorki Sulaimanu Ankwai ɓii Gaaɓɗo Adamu ɓii Sulaimanu Sammbo Ñaande ɓii Jibir Haruna Rashidu ɓii Yakubu I Usmanu ɓii Tafida Baaba II Abdulkadir Haruna Rashid Alhaji Haruna Abdulkadiri Rashid II Hiimoɓe Ibadan (/ibadan/) unɗe gelle hautirɗe diiwal Oyo e gelle ɓurɗe mauge diiwal ngal, ɗer Naajeeriya. Un gelle tatauje ɓurɗe ɗuɗuki ɗun yimɓe e ɗer Naajeeriya gaɗa Laagos e Kano hauti e ɗuɗirka yimɓe ɗun 3,649,000 un e 2021 e ɗuɗirka yimɓe millianji taati (3) hauti futinɓe gelle ɗai un gelle ɓurɗe jaajirka leydi eɗer lesdi ɗin ɗun eta geografiwal geɓɓal. Eta wakkatire heptugo hore Naajeeriya ɗer 1960 Ibadan un gelle jaiɗe e ɓurɗe ɗuɗirka gelle ɗer Naajeeriya e ɗiiɗaaɓe ɓurɗe ɗuɗirka gelle ɗer Afrik ɓawo Cairo. Ibadan kanje ɓuri yauɗu faaro maunuki ɗun gelle eɗer galliol heɓɓere Afrik ɗen e ɗiɗaure gelle yaunuɗe maugu e geɓɓe Afrik eta bial ɗunɓe un yimɓe ɗaroɓe nyiɓle huwoɓe gollite fuɗɗuɓe ɗau linyital. Ibadan jokki e Unasko (UNESCO) duniyaru sabisji ɗun ekkitaki anɗal gelle ɗer 2016. Distinorde Ibadan waɓɓere gaɗa ɗe wakkatire ‘Eba odan” ma’aanu wuttuɗu ɗuɓe meadow waruɓe eɗer huwirɗe eɗer 1829 hitaɗe waɗuɗe turmoil ton jottoriɓe leydi yorubanko’en e wattatire. Un e ɗenɗen wakkatire ɗun ɗuɗɗe gelle yorubanko’en baano un Oyo kiiɗe (Oyolle), ijaye e owu majjiti. Nassiji Olamilekan Adegbite ministajo ko woni nɗer leydi ɗun jamɗe Hausa kingdom Hausa may refer to: Hausa people Hausa people, an ethnic group of West Africa Hausa language, spoken in West Africa Hausa Kingdoms, a historical collection of Hausa city-states Hausa (horse) or Dongola horse, an African breed of riding horse All pages with titles beginning with Hausa Hausa music, the music of the Hausa people Kannywood or Hausa movies, the Hausa-language film industry of Northern Nigeria Xhosa (disambiguation) Rilwan Akiolu laamiiɗo Laagos mo jooni. Ernest Afiesimama arɗiiɗo tayaaku waylutugo e Naajeeriya Kunle Adeyemi mawɗe NLE didowo nyimbe nyimle faslata gelle den bo e sareji Amsterderm. Ayo Aderinwale jami’ajo dufulomasiyyajo mo Naajeeriya. Wale Adenuga wallafotoɗo ɗen bo siryotoɗe filmiji Oladipupo Olatunde Adebutu un gimɗo shubtule Naajeeriya Niyi Adebayo ngomnajo Diiwal Ekiti artuɗo ɗen bo ministajo luuɓeji e sufuki juude luumture ɗun jooni. Hiimoɓe Ekiti (e Nodda e Yoruba ''Ìpínlẹ̀ Èkìtì':) ɗum Diiwal e nder diiwe eɗoo leyɗi Naajeeriya, Diiwal ngal e tawe e fombina hirnannge Naajeeriya, Gaɗa e Diiwal Kwara ɓo woyla, Woyla ɓo Funaange Diiwal Kogi, Diiwal Ondo Fombina, e Fombina Hirna, e Hirnaannge Diiwal Osun. Hiimoɓe Diiwal Ekiti Diiwe Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Ede un gelle ɗer Diiwal Osun, fombina-hirna, Naajeeriya. E ɗun haaɗe faaro maayo Osun eta haaɗe wuttuɗu laawol girgije ndiiyam gaɗa laago 180km (110mi) fombina-hirna ɗen e kenɗuuɗe ɗun laawi gaɗa Oshogbo, Oshogbo e Ile-ife ɗe hukumaje paamaare geɓɓa ɗer Ede un Ede fombina e Ede woila. Ebo ɗen ewoodi jangirde mawɗi tatii (3) ɗer Ede lattinɗe gelle ɗen jaunuɗe mawgu e inaaje ɗen eta ɗer fombina hirna hauti e yawwalu mawngu kollinuwa janngirde den ɗekauti e hautirɗe jangirɗe Redeemers Ede un julɓe ke ɓurɓe ɗuuɗuki hauti haa baanoo 60% ɓe ɗuuɗirka. Ɗun’un dun sogitaama ɓaawo e ƙarnuji 19 wakkatire waɗugo laamo Timi Abibu langunju eɗau laamiɗo Ede, kanko ɓuri yiɗɗe ɓe artuɓe julɓe ɗer ummatore leydi yorobanko’en kokkuɗo jawabu eɗau mo haa waaɗi e haaɗe feraago eɗer ɗuuɓe seɗɗa haa bano ɗer Colte, 1851 ɓe Baptist Missionary, Will Dark ziyartako Ede. Clarke deppi ɗurun pamaaru tokkuɓe ɗunɓe Annabijo Muhammad (SAW) wakkatire rammuɗe ɗun mo latti gonɗe Ikoji gelle ɗen eɗer inaare e Abbalɗi maako (o ɗuniyi) ɗe jippo ɗen waɗɗimo eɗer officewal eɗau diinah Islamah. Nassiji Berniiji dow Naajeeriya Gelle Osun Naajeeriya Yaoundé (UK : /jɑːˈʊndeɪ, - ˈuːn-/ ; [2] US : / ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/ , French Noddira: ​[ja.unde]) un kapital leydi kameroun e Hautugo ɗuuɗirka haano ɓuuri ba 2.8 miliyanji, gelle diɗaɓe ɓurɗe mawngu e ɗer leydi gaɗa ɗee huɓɓude douala. Ɗum caka jonɗe leydi ɗem e njaajira kamano ɗun 750 miiteer (2,500ft) edow mawngu. Hiimoɓe Casablanca, no andiira ɗer ababankoore ba Dar Dar al-Bayda (Arabic: ﺍﻟﺪَّﺍﺭ ﺍﻟْﺒَﻴْﻀَﺎﺀ , romankoore : al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ , [adˈdaːru ɫbajdˤaːʔ] ; Berber languages: ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, romanized: ḍḍaṛlbiḍa) un gelle mawde ɗer moracco wor Alexandria (/ ˌælɪɡˈzændriə/ or /- ˈzɑːnd-/ ; [6] Arabic: ﭐﻟْﺈِﺳْﻜَﻨْﺪَﺭِﻳَّﺔُ al-ʾIskandarīyah biial ɓe naane : Αλεξάνδρεια, romankoore Alexándria ) un de gelle ɗiiɗawre ɓaawo Cairo ɗer leydi misraa. Hiimoɓe Kampala (UK : /kæmˈpɑːlə/ , [3][4] US : / kɑːmˈ-/ )[3][5] un de kapital e gelle maawnde ɗe [Uganda]. Gelle ɗen no haa marii ɗuuɗiirka yimmɓe koyahri haa bano 1,680,000[6] e Un henndii haa no henndii haa bano joowi henndaago siyasa ɗun [Kampala] [kawempe], [makindye],[Nakawa]e [Rubaga]. [Giza] (/ ˈɡiːzə/ ; Wonnde wakkitire no winndira Gizah , Geeza; misrankoore Arabic: ﺟﻴﺰﺓ el-Gīza , misrankoore Arabic noddirte: [el ˈgiːze] ) un de ɗiiɗawre gallure mawde ɗer leydi Misra ɓaawoo Cairo e nayiire ɗer galluje mawde ɗer Afrik ɓaawo [Kinshasa],l[Lagos]],e [Cairo] . Ɗin ɗe kapital ɗun [Giza] hukumaare hauti e ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe fittugo haa no ɗun 9.2 miliyanji ede 2021. Eɗum ɗi jottori e ta ɗe [Nile]3mi fombina cakare [Cairo]e un a ɓannɗu ɗun mauɗum ɗe [Cairo] geɓɓal. Giza jottori less ɗe 30km (18.64mi) woyla ɗum memphis(menefer) lattiɗe kapital artungal dun [Egypt diiwe gada nyalɗe ɗun ɗe artuude pharaoh Narmer Antananarivo( French: Tananarive , noddira [tananaʁiv] ),ɗen bo andiraa eno laamu Boɗejo so dammitinaaɗum fomwal Tana un kapital leydi [Madagascar]. Ɗebe huutirde geɓɓal gelle ɗen andiraa Antananarivo-Renivohitra Tana , Antananarivo-Renivohitra ("Antananarivo-hoosere innaare ko"Antananarivo-kapital"), un de kapital ɗe analamanga geɓɓal. Gelle jottori ha 1,280m (4,199ft) e daw mbeeli ɗer caka de Island. Be mawde kapital leydi e no limtaagal haano de lesɗe island. Ɗum mari ko de mawngu ɗuuɗirka lesdi caka tin ɗer ko ƙarniijia18 . Ɗe arduungal rumoawsl leydi ,senata'en e kootuuji ɗon njooɗoori thona eno ɗun diplomacio missionre jooɗoori e hoorehawtirde ɗun ɗumnde ɗer e yaasii luumooji e naa gomnaati NGOs Ɗum mari jangirle ɗuɗɗe ,fijirdenjemma ,inaare diiduugo e n6awnitorde huutirde fuu ko ɗeme gelle ɗe island . Ko yari fijo wuro e ladde fuu e woodi ɗer galluje mawde fuu mari e ɗi jottori. Kumasi (taarikuuji winndira Comassie ko coomassie, huutirde winndina der Twi) [3] un gelle der de Ashanti di de ɗer galluje mawde ɗer leydi Gaana. Kumasi un di jottori ɗer innaare tooɓo haade beelel [Bosomtwe] ,e un innaare gallure luumooji e yaartaji kapital ɗun de taarikuuji lamorde Ashanti. Kumasi un de dammitinirde baa 509km (300mi) Woyla de [Equator]e 200km (100mi) ɗi gulfwal Gine. Kumasi un altanawal Annɗiraaɗi gelle lambuuji [4] basoo'e dun ɗum duudɓe flawaaji e awraaji ɗer di naane Αλεξάνδρεια. Ɗen boo eɗun noddira di e oseikrom (gelle osei Tutu). Ali Modu Sharif Un gimɗo cuuɓal (siyasaji) mo Naajeeriya. Kanko na artuuɗo waɗuuki Gomnaa ha nde ɗiɗi e Borno daga ɗer gimnaa'en Diiwal ngal o gaɗɗo daga der duuɓi (2003-2011). Ngaa'al muƙaalawal ngal dammungal eduum haani buƙaata e ungannaaki ngal On rakkai moo'inki ngal. Nasiji Pelaajo Borno Yimɓe Naajeeriya Yimɓe Naajeeriya Yewteere muƙalawal Diiwal Yobe Un gootal ɗer di 36 diiwe dun Naajeeriya jootiriiɗun deta woyla-fuunare ɓannɗu Naajeeriya hawti Damaturu ede kapital Diiwal ngal. Ɗo'o un hisaago jeergol ɗun jangirle mawɗe ɗer Diiwal Yobe kawtuɗe ɗe hukuma e jioɗiirde Hore kabba univastiije e politeknik e kolechji. Jergol jangirle mawɗe ɗer federasio Janngirde Hawtude Hore leydi de Gashua Janngirde Hawtude de Tayaaka e Gollital Potiskum Janngirde Hawtude Leydi de Gollital Damaturu Janngirde Laaruki Njaamu Damaturu Jergol jangirle mawɗe mallaka Diiwal Jangirde Diiwal mawde Damaturu Jangirde Umar Suleiman [Gashua] Jangirde gillotal mai alooma Gaidam Jangirde Atiku Abubakar de Shari'a Islama Nguru Shehu Sule njauniki e daaygol Damaturu [2] Jangirde jaamu tayaaka e gillotal Nguru 3] Jangirde deemal Diiwal Yobe Gujba [4] jangirde sana'a e kuugal de [Potiskum] Diiwal [Yobe] [5] Jergol jangirle mawɗe jooɗooride koo'e mun Janngirde tayaaka e gillotal Al ma'arif Potiskum Janngirde mawde de jibwis Potiskum Hiimoɓe ^"jangirde deenal tayaaka". nursingcillegenguru.edu.ng. ingantaagu 2022-09-24 2. ^"jaɓɓama jangirde [Shehu sule] [damaturu] [ycnm.edu.ng] ingantaagu [2021]-[12]-[14]. 3. ^ "[CHSTNguru] derewol nastirde jangirde [2021/2022]" 4. [www.myschoolgisr.com].[2021]-[04]-[19] ingantaagu [2021]-[12]-[14]. 5. ^ "[CABS] [Potiskum] admisiwal cosji saidawal hebgo nasta".fuujangirde. 2020-11-30 ingantaagu [2021]-[12]-[14] 6. ^ "jangirde Almaarif Potiskum ingantaagu [2021]-[12]-[14] 7. innde jee'ite e daaral kuuɗe tsaariiwal jii'te.noun.edu.ng ingantaagu [2021]-[12]-[14]. Diiwal Yobe. Diiwal Ondo e Diiwal e ɗum diiwal e nɗer leysɗi Naajeeriya fonbina hiirnaange Naajeeriya. Ɗin ɗuuɗal daga haa 3, Colite duuɓi 1976 bee beɗiiɗo Diiwal Hiirnaange. Gaɗa e Diiwal Ekiti haa soɓɓirre, Diiwal Kogi woila fuunannge, Diiwal Edo haa fuunannge, Diiwal Delta daga faago fombina fuunannge, Diiwal Ogun fombina hiirnaange, Diiwal Osun daga woila hiirnaange, bee Fombina e Maayo filtiingo Atlantike. Akure kini laamorde diiwal Ondo. Hiimoɓe Ahmad suleiman Ibrahim onn don moudun bourin andekku eii Alaramma ahmad suleiman. Eriminmoo Dungou 1966, mouwadii hadda Alqur'aana kariimi eii biidoo Naajeeriya. Malami addina Musulunci'en eii mouwadadii Andikoo Alqur'ani mangoo eii donmah lamba mantukuo doodii toe yajikou duniyaru, gan banjoo fanni Aqur'ani'en eii mangoo. Shaikh suleiman andikko qira'a don tagame toe enihi Alqur'aana toe duniyaru, en garal Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Mustapha Badamasi Idris on ɗon moudun bori andekuu Naburaska koh nabaraska biddo fiijun kwaikwayo e keriiɗum banye kannywood. Be ɗanyimou e duuɓi 1984 ɗou Diiwal Kano, Naajeeriya. edon naddamou waraiki makko Amurika don tou muheɓi lamba mantukuo toh wandi enɗee braskem, e mouwadi fim mou ende Naburaska. Hiimoɓe Mary Elizabeth Truss. Eriminmo (26 July 1975) inmuu siyasar lidi England inmoo huwa a matsayin ardoju jam,iyar Conservative tun daga 6 satumber 2020.Dou wangi yar majalisa (mp) toe hirnaa toh humbinaa Norfolk ⁷daga do wangi 2010.Truss o wadii guggal toh offishi toh majalisa ya,e ministoci arn eii gyadii fere fere firayam minista David Cameron, Theresa eii Boris Johnson. Truss oyahii kwaleji  Marton Oxford,kuma dowangii toe shugabaju kwaleji Oxford Liberal Democrats.eii 1996, orootake jande kuma onatti jam,iyyar Conservative. Toe ohowii eii shell toe cable.ohh kasantake in mataimaki dun kungiyar owailiti tunani mako.Gada inmake zabe didoo amma ohibaa nasara toh hiba majalisa wakilici,hai insubi mah mangu wakilci loukil hirna eii hunbina Norfolk eii zabe maudoo 2010.Eii mango mako eii warbe jogake iko,oloudi Enmo inaa toh fani siyasa ei famanke sukahoe,ei fani daudike ilimi limgal,ei fani tattali risku.otigii kungiya lomu mowwalitu yan majalisu Conservative kuma ewondi darejii eii littattafai,hae imada gara,hae egada maju coalition (2011) me britannia unchanged 2012). Hiimoɓe Osun e Diiwal nder leysdi Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Aanambaara un diiwal e lesdi Naajeeriya e littugal to woyla Diiwal Enugu to hirna Diiwal Kogi e fombina Asaba to maako sari hirne. Aanambaara wodii Laamiido to laamu handikee gatal horeejo e Diiwal Peter obi. To gooren laamu Naajeriya to diya, an Aanambaara hanko iwarna'en diiwal. Hukuma pamare Agauta Aanambaara East Aanambaara West Anoacha Awka South Awka North Ayamelun Dunukofia Ekwsigo Idemeli North Idemili South Ihiala Njikoka Nnewi North Nnewi South Ogbaro Onitsa North Onitsa South Orumba Noth Orumba South Oyi Nassiji Diiwe Naajeeriya Diiwal Aanambaara Abuko un ɗi nɗer hirnaawo kennɗiigo,ɗer wuttudu de ta hirnaare leydi Gammbi. Nassiji Yahaya Abubakar Etsu Nupe doon eriminmo yanlde 12 eii satumba, 1952. Eii Bida Eriminmo onnmah wurtawake woru lamu Bida. Doon wadii jende kwaleji gwamnati, toon Don Sakkwatoɓe toe onnmah kwaleji lumo,en, Kano (1967-1971) toe onnmah jangirdee lamu eii Naajeeriya Kaduna (1973-1975) a fauree kogal soji Naajeeriya. Daga kadaa,onn don Ritaya,en eii matsayi Birgediya janar toun ooon leuro Silto, 2003. Fauree Abubakar Joe doon Lamido Nupe eii Warnoo kusodu Nupe,jalde soji toon Don lamorde jorni baldii Abuja,oon doon darakta'en shourii.Yahaya Abubakar kon don Lamido nupe 11 eii jalde satumba 2003.lamu jama,en nupe Darɗe Abubakar toon wurtawake gatal huree diiwal Edu toe birni,en Bida diiwal Edu eii litugal diiwal Neja toe waila diwal kogi toe humbina diiwal kwara seeni Lamido Lapai eii Lamido Agaie toe Lamido lafiagi eii Lamido Tsaragi eii Lamido t Tsonga toe ya,e Lamido patigi burtaya,en nupe handal Naajeeriya hoon. Hiimoɓe Mu'azu Babangida Aliyu ooon ɗon lamourde shoori gwanmati moi,en Ngwamnajo Diiwal Niger, Naajeeriya eiii Sedto duuɓi 2007 eii ya toon gwamna diiwal niger eii 26 Sedto dungu 2011. Hiimoɓe Abdullahi Umar Ganduje OFR (be danyimo yande 25 lewru Bowte, duuɓi 1949) goɗɗo siyasaji on hanko on Ngomnajo Kano jonta. Ojaɓi lamu dungu 2015 fahin hanko on ballowo Rabi'u Kwankoso nde ɗiɗi bee dungu 1999 faago 2003 be 2011 faago 2015. Hiimoɓe Sheikh Aminu Ibrahim Daurawa (be danyee mou yalde 1, siilo duuɓi 1969) toe doon woru wodii lamba en 39 fauree mazugal feya en lamou Dala toon ɗon Diiwal Kano, Naajeeriya. O seeni jangirɗe Diina Silaama e toen diiwal kano ee wurnaaye guggal diiwal Kano daga toon har Toroonto,en Naajeeriya. Sheikh Aminu Daurawa lamu Hisbah on doun kano e seeni lamou ungogo. ein jabou guggal rediyo on lamb en TAMBAYA MABUDIN ILIMI bandirawo Sani Kwangila Yakasai wurnayee doon. Hiimoɓe Abubakar Malami SAN (O ɗaayaama nɗer nyalɗe 17 ngu lewru cholte ɗun nɗumngu 1967), un goɗɗo lawyaajo ɗenbo gimɗo cubtal siyasaji e Naajeeriya lattido tiin ɗe ɗumngu 2015 o jogiiɗo mukaami ministaajo dookaji e lawyaajo mawɗo. Taarihiwol Daygo Maako Ɗun danyi Abubakar Malami, pullo jullɗo no nyalɗe 17 ngu lewru cholte ɗun nɗumngu 1967 e der gelle Kebbi, gelle mawɗe ɗe Diiwal Kebbi gonnɗum woylare [Naajeeriya]. Djannɗe maako artuuɗe mo fuɗɗi firamare maako e Nasarawa gelle Kebbi Diiwal Kebbi ko mo timmina djannɗe maako de sekandere e jangirde gollital e himmari larabankoore. Ɗer ɗumngu 1991 ,mo timmini jannɗe maako e jangirde Usmanu ɓinngel fodi inaare emo janngi lawyanci ɗemmbo ɗun noddimo yaahi mashaya e ɗumngu 1992 O lattake jannguuɗo kiiɗo e janngirde Maiduguri inaare e mo heeɓi digiriwal maako ɗiɗaaɓal edow harkaaji laamu e ɗumngu ta 1994. Ɓaawo timminki maako djannɗe maako O huuwi inaaje fere-fere ɗer haa e lattaaki dokkoowo ɗen e Shari'a e Diiwal Kebbi,[Naajeeriya]. Kuugal Siyasaji Malami mo lattake dokkoowo shaawori dow harkaaji Shari'a ɗun sarkitiiɗe majalis gam faaki Yeeso saakitaaki mo lattake gonɗo junngo dum-dum faroo tigguki (APC) e ɗumngu ngu 2013 e jonnɗe ginnɗo dokkoowo balle edow yahirki manifesto drafting defting subint committee of joint party comiti commitors hakkude Congress for progressive change (CPC) , Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) ɗen ebo All Nigerian people party (ANPP). e ɗumngu 2014 Abubakar o wurtoyke tefuuki tikitiwal tefgo jooɗorgal Gomnaa e les cuɓal All progressive Congress (APC) e diiwal Kebbi amma o heɓaayi subteeki e wurtinki teefooɓe jooɗorgal ngal e o do'aake Atiku Bagudu heɓi nasru.[4][5] Ministaa Dookaji (Shari'a) De yalɗe 11 ngu lewru Jolal ɗungu 2015 ɗun lammini Abubakar Malami e jonnɗe ministaajo dookaji ɗemmbo lawyaajo mawɗo hawtude leydi Naajeeriya sabo'e non O latti ministaajo pamaaro nder ministaa'en Muhammadu Buhari. Hiimoɓe Abubakar Sani Bello oon don Lolo bandirawoo lysidi siyasa'en Naajeeriya jornii en gwamnajjo Diiwal Niger,Naajeeriya kuma eii don jamm'iya APC makko.. Hiimoɓe ... Godwin Nogheghase Obaseki (o danƴaama e nyalɗe 1st ngu lewru morso hutaaɗe 1959 e gelle Bini , Naajeeriya un gimɗo siyasa ɗu ɗenbo Kannko wooni Gomnaajo diiwal Edo, Naajeeriya, jogiiɗo arduungal jonnta tu hutaaɗe 12 de lewru Jolal,2016.[1][2]o lattake Kannko wooni arduujo hawtuugo jawdi mobgal ɗun diiwal [[Edo[[Godwin Obaseki,tiggaɗun e les wakkitire arduujo kiiɗo Adam oshiomole ɗer lewru MBOY hutaaɗe 2009. [3] Obasaki o janngi haa yeeso digiri biaɗe saalugo timmode noddirde (post graduate) o janngi fannuji ɗiɗi biadi fannu njawdi e limgal ɗun stock Brokers, Naajeeriya.[5] Obasaki o jogaake arduule kamfaniiji mawɗi ɗi firabet,afrinvest.[6][7][8]. HIIMOBE Nasir Ahmed El-Rufai(o danƴaama nyalɗe 16 nde lewru cholte ɗun hitaaɗe 1960) O danƴaama ɗer Diiwal Katsina daga lasngol Hausa'en .a Baba maako maayi duuɓi maako jowee tati e duniyaru haano laati danƴoo maako debbo wato dada Kannko eltimo waati jangirde hoosi tadduɗum jannɗe maako tu daga dukaaku maako haa yaari moheeñi ƙoraaki ɓurɗum e Woyla Naajeeriya e naare e emo heeɓi manaago mawngo hawti e nasru timminki jannɗe maako e jonnɗe jannguuɗo mawɗo , Nasir El-rufai O heeɓi halartaaki jangirde Ahmadu Bello gonɗe Zaria inaare emo wati digiri mo dinngiri e fanu laaruki leydi inaare bo emo haaɓi nasru hebgo ɓurɗo kowa ilmu ngarɗo go'o e lambaawal noddiraɗum first class e turankoore El-Rufa’io heeɓi halartaaki jangirde Harvard ɗen'e Georgetown. Ɗemmhai o heeɓi halartaaki jangirde London e hutaaɗe ɗumngu ngu 2008 hawti jangirde john F kennedy joodiide havard e korso 2009. Un gimɗo siyasa de Naajeeriya lattido jonnta Gomnaajo diiwal Kaduna,o nasti ofiswal e hutaaɗe ɗumngu 2015. [2] O medgo lattaki ministaajo birniwal Abuja Hore hawtude leydi Naajeeriya daga 2003 yari 2007;ɗen e darektaajo ofiswal janngirle.[3] emo ɗer daga ɓe tigguɓe partiwal cuɓal biagal All progressive Congress (APC) ardiigal laamu lesdi Naajeeriya jooni.[4] Hiimobe Abdulkadir Kure oon doon gwamna 26 fabrailu 1956 toe 1958 eii lysdi Naajeeriya doon hoon gwamna Diiwal Niger, Naajeeriya 29 May 1999 toe 29 may 2007. Kure lidi jamm'iya PDP. eii May 200, kure wurtake shari'a Diina musulunci eii Diiwal niger. Fauree Abdulkadir Kure eii Debo'en Zainab Abdulkadir kure eii lysidi guggal gmnati toe doon dungou 2007. oyah lidi datawa,en Naajeeriya toon Don dungou 2007 toen 2015 Kure wurtake toe touci lamu lapai fauree lamorde Rani lapai. Kure maidee 8 leuro Siilo duuɓi, 2017 e Jamus a dungou 60 eii duniya,en. Hiimoɓe Seriake Henry Dickson (ɗun danƴiimo e nyalɗe 28 siilo hutaade 1966). Un gimɗo cuuɓal siyasa Naajeeriya. O lattake Gomnaajo diiwal cubtaaɗo bayelsa fombina lorgal fombinaare Naajeeriya tun daga wakkitire 2012. O lattake wakiliijo dun rumpaaru Naajeeriya tu daga 2007 Haa yari 2012. Yakasance dan'majalisar wakilai tun daga 2007 had zuwa 2012. Hiimoɓe Bello Muhammad Matawalle (O danƴaama de nyalɗe 12 nde lewru cholte hutaaɗe ɗumngu alif 1969), ɗemmbo mo Ngomnaajo diiwal eɗun wannamo laƙabi e dodo wato ɓe ngalaa gonnga e kulaymo kanjum wati o noddirte dodo Gomnaajo diiwal Zamfara Naajeeriya. Ɗemmbo O heɓi nyaama e les cuɓal patiwal People Democratic party (PDP) Hiimoɓe Abdullahi Sule (O danƴaama de hitaade ɗumngu 1959 ɗer chi'on Gudi)) Un ngomnaajo Diiwal Naasaraawa, Naajeeriya Daga ɗunmgu ngu 2019 (ɓawo Umaru Tanko Al-makura). Abdullahi Sule nyalɗe . Margo maako Innde maako kewude un de Abdullahi Sule daygo akwanga,26 Jolal 1959(duuɓi 62). Nassiji Pelaajo Naajeeriya Yimɓe Pelaajo Naasaraawa John Olukayode Fayemi , (O danƴaama 16 nde ɗiɗi lewru Yarkuma duuɓi 1965, un ɓiɗɗo hukuma pomarum Oye ɗun Diiwal Ekiti, Naajeeriya Kannko wooni Gomnaajo diiwal Ekiti tun de hitaade ɗumngu 2010 ha yari 2014. O jippi e dow muƙamiwal maako ngal ministaajo kakkilando kowani nder lesdi e faago Yeeso inndanaadum ((solid minerals development)e nyalɗe (30) ɗun lewru Mbooye e duuɓi 2018 e tefuuki njooɗorgal Govnaajo e wakkitire w ɗiɗire,obo heeɓi nasru subteeki o latti NGomnaajo. Hiimobe Umaru Bago Tafida Eriminmo yanlde 1954 toon hoon Lamiɗo lapai Jo,e go,en Diiwal Niger kankoo eii morse duuɓi 2002 umaru bago kankoo eii hutaii Allah rainii Lamido muhammadu kobo maidee eiin dungu 92 oon don 48. Allah rainii Lamiɗo Umaru Bago lamourde diiwal Niger. Abdulkadir Kure. Umaru lamorde Alhaji Atiku Abubakar eii Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida wurtawake lapai to,en makkon. Darɗe Matsa,en eii mamba majalisa lamibe diiwal Niger ,eii leuro maris toon dungou 2003,ejabee toe jam'iyyar PDP eii zabe,en waraitou,houri mamba majalisa, Lamido Umar ejabee toe PDP hauru,on Lamido Nupe (sanda Ndayako) Lamido suleja Auwal Ibrahim Lamido minna toe Lamido Kagara. Laamlamɓe Da'udu Maza dan Jaura (1825 - 1832) Yamuza dan Jaura (1832 - 1835) Baji dan Jaura (1835 - 1838) Jantabu dan Jaura (1838 - 1874) `Atiqu dan Jantabu (1874 - 1875) Bawa dan Jantabu (1875 - 1893) `Abd al-Qadiri dan (1893 - 1907) Ibrahim dan Jantabu (1907 - 1923) `Aliyu Gana dan `Abd al-Qadiri (1923 - Apr 1937) `Umaru dan Ibrahim (1937 - Nov 1954) Muhammadu Kobo dan `Aliyu Gana (1954 - 13 Jun 2002) Umaru Bago Tafida (10 Aug 2002 Hiimoɓe Willie Obiano(o daƴaama nder lewru cholte hitaade ɗumngu 1955)o gimmɗo Naajeeriya ɗembo neddo o siyasa. Kuugal Kiiɗo maikacijo Bankiwal,ɗembo cubtaaɗo Gomnaajo diiwal Anambra, Naajeeriya jogiiɗo arduungal jonnta. Kuutore ardu'en yetto obiano mo huwiiɓe' Walferiɓe kullum naage ba'iite 2 Mboy duuɓi 2015 Ɓe kawtal hukuma. Obiano nyamgo ɗereewol balɗe 100 ɓaawo.kawtal nasru daga ɗe finnagal ngal bo'ital 15 MBOY 2014-2 MBOY 2015. Taskarawal leadership (24 juko 2014). Anambra jooɗiibe laud obiano gorɗo ɗer mbalde 100ɗer ofiswal.habaruuji daga Taskarawal laamu Naajeeriya. bo'ital (2 MBOY 2015. Willie Obiano 17 ngu silto, 2014 - 17 ngu setto, 2022 ← Peter Obi - Charles Chukwuma Soludo (ffw) → MARGU MAAKO Innnde maako hewdeWillie Obiano Daygo maako, 8 de lewru cholte, 1955 (duuɓi 67) Leydi Naajeeriya Lasngol nñaamuri'en Ɗemngal inna Ibo Banɗirawo Sobajo jonnɗe Ebele Obiano Jannde Janngirde laagos Christ be lakol janngirde onitcha Ɗemle Englishire, Igbo e brokinre de Naajeeriya Sana'a Sana'a gimɗo cuuɓal siyasa,en , accountant (en) e kuugal Bankiwal Aƙida siyasa Partiwal All progressive Grand alliance Gomnaajo diiwal Anambra. Hiimoɓe Fulɓe ko Fula (gootel: pullo Ko fullo) Un yimmɓe jottori ɓe dunngal hirna faro woylare Afrik tun wakkitiire neeɓude. Ko ɗum ɓuuri annɗirki fulɓe un ndurngol dabbaji maɓɓe ɗemmbo e ɓiiruki kosam e soora ɗam,fulɓe un woɓɓe yimmɓe wooduɓe fahimmta baɗɗum, kanjum wati mbe njoodi e ko ɗime lasngi jam ɗemmbo haa ɓe kakkilani mbanngal e hakkude maɓɓe. Kididdigago hisaago holli e woodi fulɓe haa miliyanji sappoje tati e joowi e Naajeeriya. Nayejo fulbe e haa mari tummude kosam. Ɗemngal Ɗemngal ko Bolle ɗe fulɓe yeewtata e innnde maare Fulfulde. Non mbe noddirte der leyɗe Naajeeriya, Niiser, Sudan e Kamerun, amma e aslu furtu ɗaaɗol inaare e mɓe ngurtoyi waato kamani lesɗe Senegaal, Muritani, e Luttuɗe fof e ɗun noddira ɓe ɗemngal e Pulaar ko Fula. Nassiji Many of you may not know is that JFK didn't die at the first time he got shot the he didn't die he died the second time in the theater. Kambodiya Un leydi jottori di ɗe dunnggal fombina yari faro fuuna asiyya ɗembo edi mari ɗuudirka yimmɓe koyahri miliyanji sappo e tati (13). Innnde gelle mawɗe leydi ɗin Phnom Penh. Kamboodiyya ɗi heeɓi asali daga dawlawal hindu e baddha,jogiidi laamu yenkiwal ngal indoneesiyya e China hakkuɗe ƙarniwal sappo e go'o (11) yari ƙarniwal sappo e nayi (14). Lesdi kamboodiyya Nƴoole hooseje lesdi kamboodiyya Ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe Kambodiya eɓe tokki diina buddha, amma e woodi julɓe tokkuɓe dinna islaama ɗuduɓe ɗen e Chanisre,ɓe asali leydi e ɗi asali leydi Vietnam ɗen e sedda lasgi joodiide edow ka'y'ye. Lesdikamboodiyya e waadi kheerol e lesɗe Thailand ta hirna e ɗembo hirna faro Woyla laos e Woyla faro fuuna. Ta fombina edi suuti maayo Thailand. Siyaasaaji Siyaasaaji lesdi kamboodiyya ɗun tiggama edow tafarkiwal kundiwal tsaaraago laamu leydi ɗun 1993, den un tsariwal siryaki wataade laamido e firaministaajo,lattiɓe wakiki'en ummatore de hore maɓɓe . Firaministaajo kanko wooni arduujo gomnaati,caɓɓodiigal partiiji fere-fere, den laamido wooni arduujo leydi ɗin lamido hannko lamminta firaministaajo hawti e caawori majalisu ƙoli'en dun leydi. Firaministaajo e ministaa'en e woodi iko hoosuki e zartaaki dokaaji. Hiimoɓe Jangirɗe Diiwal Adamawa jangirɗee maan dou Les gwamnati je Diiwal Adamawa don haa hukuma pamaren je Mubi,hirna sanata,en adamawa wakkere Woila, Diiwal Adamawa, Naajeeriya.Be woodna haa duuɓi 2002. Pandogari e wurooku nder Kagara mangou toci laamu Rafi haa Diiwal Niger, Naajeeriya, ewodi mangou o Noodo'on Kongomaje e fulfulde, haka fahin ewodi fulfulde toe litugal pandogari. goɗɗon ɗon daga Minna toe pandogari e sherre kilomita 156. pandogari wodi hakimi goggal hausa. oon doon hakimi pandogari jonii Alhaji idris Aliyu jibril. Yare'en wurtake pandogari, e Joe go,en hausa, fulfulde, toe Ɓurankwa'en doon. Hiimoɓe Jangirɗe Diiwal Adamawa jangirɗee maan dou Les gwamnati je Diiwal Adamawa don haa hukuma pamaren je Mubi, hirna sanatan Adamawa wakkere Woila, Diiwal Adamawa, Naajeeriya. Be woodna haa duuɓi 2002. Fedara Lekkiiji Mooborde Gusau, Doum Fedara Laamujee Naajeeriya Lekki Mooborde Maan don nder Gusau, Diiwal Zamfara Naajeeriya Mou Wounii Kanndinando anndinando mpabbe jotta kaankou on Bello A. Mohammed. Hiimoɓe Jangirɗe Diiwal Adamawa jangirɗee maan dou Les gwamnati je Diiwal Adamawa don haa Hukuma pamaren je Mubi, hirna sanatan Adamawa wakkere Woila, Diiwal Adamawa, Naajeeriya. Be woodna haa 2002. Hiimoɓe Lapai shiree eii derr Lapai touci lamou niger,Naajeeriya oon don funaayee Abuja eii mangou lapai toh houn lituggal, A124 eii woila houn eii 90300N. faure Lapai wodii shiree toon daga 3,05km2 hoon doon jama,are 110,127 eii kidya,en 2006.lapai lamou,en Lamido Umaru Bago Tafida. Laamlamɓe Lamou lapai Tokocil Lapai wodiii Lamido Da'udu Maza dan Jaura eii e nalde (1825 - 1832) Yamuza dan Jaura eii e nalde (1832 - 1835) Baji dan Jaura eii e nalde (1835 - 1838) Jantabu dan Jaura eii nalde (1838 - 1874) `Atiqu dan Jantabu eii nalde (1874 - 1875) Bawa dan Jantabu eii nalde (1875 - 1893) `Abd al-Qadiri dan eii nalde (1893 - 1907) Ibrahim dan Jantabu eii nalde (1907 - 1923) `Aliyu Gana dan `Abd al-Qadiri eii nalde (1923 - Apr 1937) `Umaru dan Ibrahim eii nalde (1937 - Nov 1954) Muhammadu Kobo dan `Aliyu Gana eii nalde (1954 - 13 Jun 2002) Umaru Bago Tafida eii nalde (10 Aug 2002) Hiimoɓe Yola Fombina, Doum Touci Laamujee Wakkere Diiwal Adamawa, Naajeeriya, ae Wadee Biwal Lituggal Mubi toh Fombina Yola. Hiimoɓe David Adedeji Adeleke e nyalde 21, leuru Jolal duuɓi 1992 oon doon Davido, eill Naajeeriya wake,en rabutu wake,en toe woodi jorni Africa biwall makko. Fauree Abuja oon don funaayee Birniwol,en Naajeeriya kankoo eii lysidi woila Diiwal Niger eii litugal Diiwal Benue toe Diiwal Nassarawa Yola Woila, oon doon Toci Laamujee Wakkere Diiwal Adamawa, Naajeeriya. Doum Huubaa Jiimeetaa. Doum dou Nder Fadde Yola (Yola South).Yola Woila Wodii. Hiimoɓe ndrew Johnson (29 ngu Bowtal 1808-31 ngu Jolal 1875) 1875) hannko wooni ballitowo arduujo mo 16 e arduujo mo 17 di leydi Amerika.Hannko wooni arduujo artuuɗo mo ɗun jippini dow laamu amma ɗun jippinayimo dow iko. Jippinki kin waati sabo'en lagguki kimo wanni sakatareejo maako mo koonu ɓaawo majlisu waati dokawal. Du'un eɗun laaraɗum koɗum e leydi ɗin gamma galibu ɗun lutti de arduujo leydi lammina ɗemmbo lagga ko jippina sakatara'en muuɗum. Ɗemmbo majlisu ɓe ngiiɗa mo sabo'e hannko um mo cuɓal partiwal Dimocrat ɗemmbo o yiiɗaa wallitaki. Fauree Hiimoɓe Zainab Abdulkadir Kure eriminmonaye nyalde leuro 24 Nuwamba 1959 eii firee lamurajje sanata,en lamou niger woila diiwal Niger, Naajeeriya oon don mulki lysdi 29 leuro 29 mayu 2007 eii jam'iyyar PDP. Hiimoɓe Muhammad Bello Yabo, Mou be andii beii Bello Yabo ( be danyee mou haa nder nyalawmaare 1, nder lewru janayru nder duubii 1962). O, Mallumjo diinaa Lislaamu haa nder Lysdii Naajeeriya o, doun nder Mawbe Mallum'en Naajeeriya .yabo don gon Diiwal Sakwotobe Woila Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Kabiru gombe, oon doon Kabiru Gombe be Danyee Mou Haa Nder Wourou Kuri'a Haa Hukuma Pamaren Yamaltu Deba, doum doun nder Diiwal Gombe, Naajeeriya. Kabiru Gombe O, Mallumjo Dina Lislaamu. Mallum Kabiru O, janngii Fiiraamaarii haa nder Wourou Gombe, Moodibbo Kabiru Gombe O, janngii funayee Alqur'aana Mounde be nannataa Wo'itinankou janngirde maa kou haa mallam'en banantaa: Moodibbo Zarma Gombe,be Moodibbo Dr.Abdullahi Saleh Pakistan. Faure Hiimoɓe Mbarek Bekkay ([Arab]] : ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻱ ; aprie 18, 1907 [1] ɗer Barkane, [Morocco] - Aprie 12, 1961) [2][3] un de attuuɗo firaministaajo dun lesdi [Morocco] hakkude Bowtal 7,e aprie 15,1958.[4] [Bekkay] jogaake mawngu ɗer laamu boɗejo ɗun ɗer faransi dun jandarmaa'en.[5] Hannko wooni laati artuuɗo firaministaajo lesdi Morocco tun heptuugo hore lesdi ɗin daga hakkilannde ɓe faransi. firaministaajo ɗi Morocco ɗer offis 7 Bowtal 1955- 15 Aprie 1958 Ngorrdi Mohammed V lustini ede Muhammad al-Muqri dow taanjra Vizier ɗun ɓe laamorde Sherifan o jippake o hokkori ɗun Ahmedfrej. ==Ɗistinoore hoore maako== Daygo18 Aprie 1907 Berkane , Morocco mayde12 Aprie 1961 (Duuɓi 53) Rabat , Morocco partiwal cuɓal Independent kuugal solja Service/branch Moroccan Division mawngu Lieutenant colonel Dannɗal/koonu koonu duniyaaru diɗiɓun (II) . HIIMOBE Ahmed Balafrej ( Arabi: ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻼﻓﺮﻳﺞ;silto 5, 1908, ɗer gelle Rabat- setto 14,1990 [1] un firaministaajo ɗi Morocco hakkuɗe Duujal 12,1958 e Bowtal 2,1958.[2] O go'o ɗer ballital heptuugo hoore lesdi Morocco. Hiimobe. Abdallah Ibrahim ( Arabi: ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ; 24 Juko 1918, Tameslouht- 11 Jolal 2005 ɗer Casablanca) un neɗɗo cuɓal e hoodere ɗer lusingo lesdi e keɓdo nasru firaministaajo ɗun Morocco hakkuɗe Bowtal 16 1985,e Duujal 20 1960. Hannko wooni firaministaajo tataɓo di lesdi Morocco e nastuki les laamu Muhammed V ɗemmbo o lattake ministaajo lesɗe yaasi gada 1958 waddi 1960. Hiimoɓe Mohammed al-Khamis bin Yusef bin Hassan al-Alawi kanoomma anndira bano sidi Mohammed Bin Yusef ( Arabi: ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦﻳﻮﺳﻒ ) ko Mohammed Khamis ([Arabi]: ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‏) ‏( 10 Juko 1909 – 26 Cholte 1961), un Sultanjo dun [Morocco] daga 1927 yari 1953; O ɓuuri annditireeki de Sultan haiko non dedow wartugo daga jaddadaki ɗer 1955, e laamido daga de mayde baaba maako, 1957 waddi 1961. Yusef bin Hassan , O ronii ede dokkal. O haa membaajo ɗun ɓe de Alawi ndeesal. Nassiji Jibbinki 1909 Maayde 1961 Laamu Alawiyanko'en Laamiiɗo Morooku Pelaajo Morooku Bashir tofa Eriminmo 20 lewru juni mangou 1947 a lysdi Siyasa,en Naajeeriya. Tofa eii kanuri toe Lislaamu Diiwal kano Naajeeriya, ewodi jamm,iya NRC lamurajje ton hoon Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida. Agaie eii toukicil lamou Diiwal Niger naajeeriya.toe birni,en lomu Agaie eii saree A124 lamurraje. Ahmed Bahnini ( [Arabi]: ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﺤﻨﻴﻨﻲ 1909 ; , Fes – 10 Morso 1971, [Rabat] ) un taagu lattiɗo kaaja kuuɗe Siyaasaaji suɓal lesdi [Morocco] hanko njoogi firaministaajo nayooɓo ɗun [Morocco] daga 1963 yaari 1965 les laamu lamido Hassan II. [1][2] O Ha ɗen ardaake arduungal mawɗo kootuuji.[3] hitaade Morso 10,1971, yaake e murna daygo Hassan II ɗer laamorde skhirat, Bahnini o sooytaayi wakkati omtuugo hiitee silkie eder ɗe inaare yaake e teetuuki laamu ɗun solji'en waati.[4]. Hiimoɓe Mohamed Benhima ( Arabi: ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻨﻬﻴﻤﺔ ; Korso 25, 1924 – Jolal 23, 1992)Ɗun firaministaajo lysdi Morocco kiiɗo nastudo jogiiɗo arduungal daga 17 morso 1967 waddi 6 Yarkuma 1969. O danƴaama ɗersafi(asfi)yari Taïbi Benhima e Rkia Benhida. O medgo lattaki ministaajo jannɗe e ɗun ɓehakkilannde ɗer lysdi. Fauree Hiimoɓe Jangirɗee Diiwal Taraba wonetega nder hukumawa pamara (jalingo) Taraba Naajeeriya. Jangirɗe wonetega hukumawa pamara (jalingo) Gomnatiwa Diiwal Taraba mei, ga nyibi ha nder (ndubu ujune didi a jowetati 2008) ha mautinki jangirde hander jihawa mei, gam andal nowancoro ha nder lesdi mei, ndenbo dabbora economiwa no nafira lesdi Nigeria mofgalmari ndifumari. Hiimoɓe Isa Ali Ibrahim Pantami oon doon ee saikhu pantami makko koh mallumjo Pantami e ya'ee Diina Islaamu. Pantami e ɗanyimo 20 leuru Yarkooma, duuɓi 1972 haa Diiwal Gombe, Naajeeriya. Muhammadu Buhari lammini mo haa hitaande 2019 Menyu nge joni e ɗoon minista,en pauro Naajeeriya, boo e beɗiiɗo lamurraje kanndinanɗo touci NITDA. Hiimoɓe Alhaji Muhammadu Abubakar Rimi be Danyee Mou Haa Nder Duubii 1940 Nder Lewru sedto. O, Laamorinkeejum Naajeeriya oon. O, Laatiinou Ngomna Haa Diiwal Kano Hitaande Jaamhuuriiyaa Je Didabu Haa Naajeeriya. O, Laatiinou Wajiiriiku Fedara Kuukuutiral Haa Hitaande 1993 Haa Yaahiikii 1998 Haa Hitaande Laamu Konuujii Wakkatii Kuubdum General Sani Abacha. Hiimoɓe Ahmed Moulay Laraki (Arabi: ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ; daygo 15 Yorkuma 1931 – 2 Jolal 2020) un gimɗo cuuɓal leydi Morooku e tuufere dun de farude yeeso Morooku e firaministaajo ɗun Morooku hakkuɗe Yorkuma 6,1969 e Cholte 6,1971 O jowee go'o jo firaministaajo di Morooku e jogiiɗo arduungal les arduungal laamido Hassan II. O ɗenbo kadima lattake ministaajo lesɗe yaasi daga 1967 yari 1971. Nassiji Mohammed Karim Lamrani (Arabi: ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻲ ; 1 Duujal 1919 – 20 Jolal 2018)[1]un gimɗo cubtal Siyaasaaji lysdi Morooku gaɗɗo firaministaajo haa nde tati fere-fere. O lattake firaministaajo ardude ɗumngu go'o tan o wadii fuɗɗi daga ɗer hitaade 1961 e timminki 1972,ɗen daga Jolal 1983 yari silto 1986,e sakitiinde fuɗɗi daga Cholte 1992 yari Duujal 1994.[2] Hiimoɓe Goodluck Ebele Azikwe Jonathan GCFR, GCON (Eriminmo Lewru 20 Jolal Mangou 1957 eii lysidi Naajeeriya toe faure ardiiɗo Naajeeriya toon eii mangou 2010 eii 2015.kankoo doon wadii toe 2015 shugabaju jornii lamou Naajeeriya muhammadu Buhari, Jonathan eii kankoo shugabaju Naajeeriya eii tatii tarihi,en Naajeeriya makko wodi,on. Jonathan ewodi bidi,on shugabaju Naajeeriya daga mangou 2007 toe mangou 2010 biddi,on gwamnati,en. Umaru Musa Yar,adua eii lamurajje Diiwal Bayelsa Laamlamɓe fetur eii lamurajje Diiwal Bayelsa daga 2007 yari 2010. Juutal Balde En nalde Goodluck Jonathan a lewru 20 Jolal,mangou 1957 eii ogbia ton hoon kafiruju,on banye humbina ijaw eii Diiwal Bayelsa. Eriminmo,on otuoke,baffah,en Ebele Jonathan lamou kwale-kwale.Inna,en Eunice Ayi Ebele Jonathan eii lagou.Jonathan gugal pamarre toe gugul tokocil kafiruju. Elto/Guggal Goodluck Ebele Azikwe Jonathan e Ewodi pamarre afoojo Elto na,e pamarre guggal bingou,Elto pamarre jangirde fatakwal. Eii lokaci lamou kwaleji jangirdee Diiwal Rivers toe mangou 1982 -1998. Tufleeji Goodluck Ebele Azikwe Jonathan eii kankoo lysidi siyasa toe mangou 1998, o, hebna lamou jangirdee eii mallumjo jangirdee. Lysidi siyasa,en kankoo lokaci batuu jam,iyya PDP eii mangou 1990. Aalamji Jonathan Woodi Debboo Dame patience Jonathan toe biddo Ariwera eii Aruabia . Cigaadum Eii mangou 2007 Jonathan woodi Dawla sheidee jimilaaje ₦295,304,420 toh hirminayee Amurica US$8,569,662 Hiimoɓe Ahmed Osman (Aarabre: ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺼﻤﺎﻥ ; ɗaygo 3 Silo 1930) un gimɗo cuuɓal leydi Morooku lattido firaministaajo de hitaade hakkuɗe 2 Jolal 1972 e 22 Cholte 1979. O firaministaajo jowee tato de ɗistinore Taariku laamiɗo hitaade laamu arduujo Hassan II. Nassiji Pelaajo Morooku Yimɓe Sani Abacha GCFR Jonarjo dembo 20 eii lewru silto, duuɓi 1943 yari 8 korse 1998 sojin jonarjo dembo lysidi Naajeeriya toe leysɗi siyasa,en eii lamurje Ardiiɗo soji'en gada 1993 yari habra 1998. eii Ardiiɗo 17 silto duuɓi 1993 toe bar,en lamou tarihi,en sojein Naajeeriya. Abacha eii jonarjo soji'en 1990 yari 1993, eii minista,en jonarjo leysɗi Naajeeriya. Abacha aran jonarjo soji'en aran iko,en ara,en. Ngeendam Eriminmo toe habbidna eii kano. Abacha guggal janngirɗee sojien Naajeeriya eɗon kaduna, eii wodi kuugal aran sojien mangou 1963 kankoo jangirɗee mons ofisa kaadet (officer cadets)) eii lidi Aldershot, Ingilisa. Iyaaluuji Abacha woodi bididoo Joe,go,en toe bido eh faure bidi,on makko Hiimoɓe Umaru Musa Yar'Adua GCFR.16 Juko 1951 Yahri 5 Duujal 2010) eii Lysdi siyasa,en Naajeeriya gada 2007 yahri 2010.yar,adua bidoo zabe,en ardiddo Naajeeriya koon don 21 lewru sedto 2007.eii Huna makko 29 lewru Duujal 2007 Yar'adua oon doon kankoo lamurajje Diiwal Katsina gada 1999 yahri 2007 toon lysidi jam,iyya PDP makko.eii mangou 2009 bandirawoo dillo saudiya konkoo asibiti madda,eii wurtake Naajeeriya 29 lewru silto mangou 2010 amma maariya 5 Duujal. Hiimoɓe Ahmed Idris (Eriminmo 25 lewru jolal mangou 1960) Eii lidi Naajeeriya ardiddo Shede,en Makko Naajeeriya.eii funayee ardiddo shede 25 lewru Morse mangou 2015, oon doon bandirawoo Jonah ogunniyi Otunla madda ardiddo muhammadu Buhari faasiki gada shede lamurajje har Bilyan,en 2.5 makko. Bandirawoo. Idris ardiddo shede gada muhammadu Buhari kankoo eii ardiddo Naajeeriya eii Jo,e mangou 2019. Suddu shede,en Eii 16 lewru Duujal,mangou 2022.hukuma,en shede suudu Naajeeriya (EFCC) fasiiki bandirawoo Idris gada kano koo,don biwall Nanta amma eii wurtanayen shede gafal makko Bilyan 80 amma sheree kwangilajou madda.Hukumaju shede suudu Naajeeriya eii yarnaye sheree Idris doon hoon jari,en Abuja toe Kano. Gwanmati saree Idris gada guugal har ilmou madda. Majja shede,en 106bn Majja shedee 106bn Ahmed Idris... Eii lewru sedto mangou 2021 kungiya,en bandirawoo azikiwe,en eii shedee,en (SERAP)funayee ardiddo shari,a Abubakar Malami koh doon bandirawoo Idris oon don 106bn eii mangou 2018. Hiimoɓe Mo Allah bagi darajamako Sir Ahmadu Muhammadu Bello (Ahmadu Bello danyetedo nder lewru Korse (1910 Hukumawa pamara wietega Raba nder Lesdi sakkwato) KBE ko Sardauna hanko on Pirimiyajo Kiddo ha lesdi Naajeeriya ndenbo ojogi lamu wietedum Sardaunajo jiha Sokkwato, be ndayi mo Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardaunajo ha wuro Raba, wongo nder larde Sokkwato, ha nder ndubu ujunere gotel be temerre gotel e go'o (1910). Hiimoɓe Dulton Keith Adams un gimɗo cuuɓal lesdi Afrik fombinaari. O lattake membaajo dummbe dokkal Gauteng kuutiral tun hutaaɗe 22 Duujal 2019. O ɗenbo membaajo partiwal cuɓal African Christian Democratic party (ACDP) ɗen e wakiliijo ɗer de gurtal dokkal ceriyya.[1][2] Hiimoɓe Bongani Michael Baloyi (daygo nyalɗe 28 lewru cholte hitaade 1987) un gimɗo cuuɓal lesdi Afrik fombinaari. Ɗer hitaade 2013, O subtaama arduujo mawdo de ɓe mawngo dun be famarde gallure midvaal. Kidem duuɓi maako 26 e ñyayri duniyaaru eɗe wakkitire den,e O lattake arduujo pamaaro eder arduu'en ɗer lesdi Afrik fombinaari. Gada 2011 yahri 2013 O mo ɓe MMC wii'aade ɗun faago Yeeso e siryaago ɗer be gelle. Baloyi un membaajo dun ɗe Actionsa tun ɗe Silo 2022.[1][2] Hiimoɓe Henry Frederick Francis Adair Barrington (28 Morso 1808 Beckett Hall ɗe Shrivenham nder Berkshire - 25 Mboy 1882 Knysna ), O lawyaajo mo lesdi Afrik fombinaari, kiiɗo maikacijo e membaajo dummbe boldal. So'ooyiido wari England ɗer hitaade 1848 O mbanngi debbo maako Mary Georgiana Knox,,e lortori o jippi plettenberg Bay,egal piroowal noddira CARGO haa'e kaayaaji ɓanngal ,yalji heirlooms e ku kataakooje e kaayaaji ndeemal.Ɗe mahol nyibgal Portland Manor' neeɓiiri duuɓi 16,e hawti leecee jowee tati, suudu jannde,e di mawde suudu naforde. O ɗemmbo nyiiɓii go'o eder de mahol nebgol sawmill dun taañyuuki nƴommbe kataakooje mbaleeje,ilmu hawti silkwomre e nñaaki e koorewol aful hawti e hollindi waddi hebriki ciderii. O subti sana'a dun hottollo e baaji ledde e nñamdu ɓiɓɓe ledde ɓurɗum daraja ɗer lesdi Afrik fombinaari winndooɓe Dalene matthee's janngirngol Nobel,moerbeibos('ladde mulberry). Ladde mawde nge hiite cholte 1869, ɗer mburde ɓannɗu wuttudu du be ladde hakkuɗe swellendam e Humansdorp de dun timmini. Wonnuki de haa ɗenbo meeyi'weedu Manor'.De tokkude duubj baawo ɗin subtaama yaari de parli cape. Koowal e Iyaalu Nassiji Yimɓe Jacobus "Japie" Basson (25 Morso 1918 – 8 Juko 2012) un gimɗo cuuɓal lesdi Afrik fombinaari puddu do kuugal hawti de partiwal lesdi, Amma ɓaawo o wurrti daga maagal,e latti a sembiddo gabdoowo e gomnaatiwal lesdi edow membaajo, eɗe soo'al, ɗun ɓe kawtal partiwal, progressive federal party,e mo de neebaayi nder kawtal leydi.[1][2] O hollinaama edow_fierijo" kalaaji lawnuuji e mo raa'ayi e de ɓe"chameleon"ɗun Afrik fombinaari cuuɓe ɗun mo luusini partisan allegiance.[3]Jottoriido lattido neddo Siyaasaaji suɓal lesdi Afrik fombinaari. Hiimoɓe Hendrietta Bogopane-Zulu un ballitowo ministaajo leydi Afrik fombinaari de wuttudu dungal faago Yeeso adunaaru Afrik fombinaari. O membaajo dummbe ginndal huutira tunde hitaade 1999 e jooni. O debbo anndaado laaminiido haa ɗe nayi eder de wakkitire arduujo Jacob Zuma laamu o ballitowo ministaajo ɗun kuuɗe yaasii dun kuugal e rowbe, Bacci e yimmɓe hawti e mbe ngalaa kadaa. Michael masutha o go'o tall lattido didijo tan e ɗer nbe nakas eder hannde arduungal O mo gollitoowo, yewtoowo,Nñaawu zaman bia'adun HIV &AIDS kuwooji sana'aji rowbe e tiggudo huutirde sukaaɓe mɓe rakkata lesdi Afrik fombinaari. juutirdum der henndande jo'inirde ɓe lesdi mobgal UN baawal dun yimmɓe mɓe baawaata dokkal leydi e leydi. Hiimoɓe Mohammed Musa Bello ( O danñƴaama de lewru Silo, hitaande ɗumngu 1959) O goɗɗo ma'aikaciijo Bankiwal e Naajeeriya lattido jonnta ministaajo gelle mawɗe Naajeeriya ɗe Abuuja eja hitaade ɗumngu 2015. Finannde Daygo Ɗum dannyi Mohammed Musa Bello eder lasgol fulɓe e Yola; dannyoowo maako, Alhaji Musa Bello, hanko wooni manajaajo darektaajo kamfaniiwal maroowal woylare Naajeeriya daga ɗumngu 1970 yaari ɗumngu ngu 1976, kadima sobiraawo arduujo leydi Naajeeriya, Muhammadu Buhari. O fuɗɗi njannɗe firamaare e Yola ko'o timmina jangirde sakandarere nde uwargidanmu gonnde Kaduuna e ɗumngu 1971. O halartake Janngirde Lakol Barewa gonnde Zariiya daga ɗunmgu 1971 yari ɗumngu 1976, inaare O heeɓi shaiduwal ɗereewol timmingo janngirde sakandarere. Daga don O zarci Janngirɗe Ahmadu Bello Wonnde Zariiya daga ɗum ngu 1977 yaari 1980, inaare ɗe O heeɓi shaiduwal digiriwal maako artungal e fannu luumooji, ɗen O wartii e ɗumngu 1985 O faa'i Yeeso jannɗe digiriiwal diɗaaɓal e harkaawal luumooji ɗin. Kuugal Ɗe ɗumngu 1984, Icon limited (lisal Bankiwal Barings e Morgan Guaranty trust) mɓe koo'i mo Kuugal. ɗemmbo lebbi jowee go'o o mo waaɗa fooraaki e Hoi Morgan &e Bankiwal luumooji e hakkilannki ɓe e haadaariji. Daga ɓaawo o so'ake kamfaniiji jooɗooriiɗi ko'e muu'en. O waadi duuɓi sappoje ɗiɗi e fanu kamfaniiji guttuli fere-fere, kadima o kasanntake darektaajo ɗun Habib Bank plc,e luttuɗi kamfaniiji. Bello o huuwi e kamfaniiji Bakabure industrial complex e Yola e jonnɗe manajaajo fof e ndunngu 1992. O huuwi e jonnɗe membaajo dun komitiwal fasahaaji din dokkal (TPC). O bo lattake membaajo chamber Kautal yimmɓe luumo,, mɓe sana'aji e ko wooni ɗer leydi e deemal dun Diiwal Aadamaawa. E ɗumngu 2006, Horeejo leydi Olusegun Obasanjo lamminiimo hukuma arduungal alhaajii'en dun lesdi inaare ɗe o huuwi daga 2007 yari 2015. Hiimoɓe Wudil eii doum hukuma pamare Diiwal Kano Naajeeriya litugal birni,en wudil toe A237 titi,en, ewodi 362 km2 kankoo wodii 185,189. jama,aree makko. Hiimoɓe {Reflist} Alhaji Mukhtar Ramalan Yero (be Danyee mou 1 May 1968) O, Laamorinkeejum Naajeeriya oon, O, Laatiinou Commissioner je Finance Hitaande 2007 Yahiinkii May 2010 Saa'inde Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa nyonii Mou Ayyinaado Ngomna Baawo O, hebii Nasarakou Namadi Sambo O, Laata Luuta ardiidou Lesdii Naajeeriya. Hitaande Bowte 2012, O, Laatiinou Ngomna je Kaduna Baawo Maayde Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa Haa nder Helicopter Diiraango. Laamorinkeejum Kuugal/Kuude Baawo Cuubii Alhaji Namadi Sambo Hitaande 2007, O, Laatii Commissioner je Finance Daga Yahiinkii Duujal 2010. O, Suubiinou haa Ngomna Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa O, hebbii joodorde Ayyinaado Ngomna nder duubii 2010. Nder Lewru Bowte 2012, O, Laatiinou Ngomna je Diiwal Kaduna Baawo Maayde Patrick Ibrahim Yakowa haa nder Helicopter Diiraango nder Diiwal Bayelsa. Nder Lewru Sedto 2015, O, Wadii Soinde Nasarakou cuuburdii Saklere Luural Nasir Ahmad El-Rufai je All Progressive Congress. Hiimoɓe Bida ndun hukuma pamare Diiwal Niger, Naajeeriya toe ya,e birni,en humbina eii waila minna doon hoon fauree A124,Bida woodi 51 km2 toe jama,are makko 188,181 eii lokaci mangou 2006. Berniwol/Birni,en Berniwol Bida eii Joe goon Diiwal Niger ewodi jama,are 178,140 eii hirna toe fumbina Minna bir,en NigerEwodi lamou toe Agaie,katcha Enagi pattigi lemu kutigi Bida woddi lomou Bamisu Estate, Ramatu dangana poly Road pmare lomou Bida wodi faunare lomou ewodi asibiti,en makoo FMC. Luunga Luunga ndun Bida eii Nupe.Bida edon lamurajje Lamido Yahaya Abubakar Lamido ewaree Etsu Nupe Luunga pamare Bida Edon yoruba,Hausa,Igala,eii Gbagi toe Ibira. Yi,a sollu Federal medical centre (FMC) Federal polytechnics bida school of nursing and midwifery. Hiimoɓe ... Mohammed Abba Gana (Daygo 1943) laatiiɗo dokkoowo mo musamman caawori ballitowo arduujo leydi Naajeeriya Atiku Abubakar ha say hitaade Korso 2006, wakkitire Olusegun Obasanjo ɓiltiimo jippinimo dow jooɗorngal ngal.[1] ɓaawo no O laatake ministaajo hawtude gelle mawɗe Naajeeriya daga 8 cholte 2001 yahri 17 Morso 2003. Hiimoɓe Ibrahim Bunu un neddo anɗuuɗo harkaawal mahol nyible e ministaajo gelle mawɗe leydi Naajeeriya Abuja e jamhuuriyaawal nayaaɓal , jogiiɗo ofiswal daga ndede Duujal 1999 haa say Cholte 2001 ɗer hitaade laamu arduujo leydi Naajeeriya Olusegun Obasanjo. Wakkitire Mohammed Abba Gana jaɓaanimo ,nden boo ɗun diiwal Borno, nder ɗe lammgal gurtal ɗer Cholte 2001.[1] HIIMOƁE Mamman Kontagora (Setto 20, 1944 – Duujal 29, 2013) um daakaare kuugal taaduungal ɗun hawtuugo birniwal kapital leydi Naajeeriya Abuja yaake ɗe wakkitire hakkilango arduungal mawɗo Abdulsalami Abubakar,dokkuɗomo hakkilannki yimmɓe ɗer hitaade Duujal 1999. Hiimoɓe Jeremiah Timbut Useni (Daygo 16 Cholte 1943)un tagu taaduungal kiiɗo mo solji'en laatiiɗo lieutenant mawɗo janarjo, lattido ministaajo gollitoowo eɗe huutirde ɗun de kapital hawtude gelle mawɗe leydi Naajeeriya Abuja,les arduungal mawɗo Sani Abacha soljiijo junta. O waadi kuugal ɗuuɗungal eder lesdi Naajeeriya hawti e ministaajo jahaleeji e kotaajo mastaajo mawɗo ɗun taaduungal solji'en Naajeeriya. Useni lattake ballitowo partiwal cuɓal ciyaajo ɗun go'o ɗun ɗe lardude partiwal All Nigerian people party (ANPP).O Subtaama sanataajo dun fombinaare Diiwal plateau, ɗer cuɓal ngadaangal hitaade MBOY 2015 cuɓal leydi.[2] Useni O laamake ede partiwal People Democratic party (PDP) Arduujo maagal. Hiimoɓe Muhammad Gado Nasko (Daygo 1941) un soljiijo Gomnaajo mo diiwal Sokoto, Naajeeriya hakkuɗe 1978 e 1979.[1 Hiimoɓe Hamza Abdullahi (2 MBOY1945 – 3 Silo 2019) un dannyaaɗo lesdi Naajeeriya nden e mawɗo kuuɗo soljiijo lattiɗo de Gomnaajo diiwal Kano daga 1984 yaahi 1985;e ministaajo gelle mawɗe Naajeeriya Abuja daga 1986 yaahi 1989. Hiimoɓe Mamman Jiya Vatsa OFR (3 Bowtal 1940 – 5 mboy 1986)un janarjo e gimoowo lattiɗo ministaajo ɗun ɗe hawtude kapital leydi Naajeeriya Abuja,e membaajo kootuwal solji'en ɗi Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Iro Abubakar Dan Musa Un gimɗo laatiiɗinistaajo hawtude kapital leydi Naajeeriya Abuja nebdo. HIIMOƁE Nafisat Abdulrahman Abdullahi o Jannja bana Nafisat Abdullahi koh Nafisat Sai wata Rana. Mou danyamo 23 siilo duubi 1991. Bolji Eii lewru korse mangou 2013 kungiyajju Didi waila,en Naajeeriya funayee Nafisat Abdullahi doon hoon ya,e shagalijuu banayeen makko,gada silto yari 2013 toe jorni bi,en kalamu wahid toe Aminu saira eii mangou 2014. Hiimoɓe Ali Nuhu mohammed o jannja Ali nuhu mou danyamo nalde 15 lewru Dujjal duubi lysidi Naajeeriya fim yentike eii fim don darakta,ardiddo kannywood mada eii fim yentike Igbo toe yarbawa,en (Nollywood)toe Hausare fim yentike (kannywood) bandirawoo dillo yari jama,are hausare fim yentike. Ngeendam/Ilmu Ndu eriminmo Ali mohammed Nuhu Maiduguri Diiwal Borno toe waila eii litugal Naajeeriya. Baffah,en Nuhu poloma gada Diiwal Gombe inna,en Fatima Karderam Digema gada hukuma pamare Bama Diiwal Borno .eii doon Jo's toe Kano ,kankoo jangirdee sakandare eii jangirdee doon Jo's ewodi funaree Ibadan Diwal Oyo gada yari jangirdee California doon wodi ilmu fim yentike. Fim yenke Hiimoɓe Alaska Alaska un gelle mawɗe Alaska un gelle mawɗe ɗer yuroopu Iskandar , Iskander÷ , Askander, Eskinder, koe Scandar (Arabi : ﺇﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ( Persia : ﺍﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ Eskandar or ﺳﮑﻨﺪﺭ Skandar), un innde dokkal Alexander nder neesuuji kamani Iran (persiyya),,arabi e Luttuɗe fuu nder cakawal fuunaare,caucaus e cakkare asiyya. Nder Misra unde roki ɗuduɓe un kiristaa'en (Coptic) burdal.[1]] Asaalu Alexander un gadde,ɗum de eggol eta kuugal haa bano iskandarnamah e ɗi be sirr al-Asrar e lattiɗe mawɗe innnde nde dokaaji nder de wakkatiwal. Nde[[ Arabic wuttudu haa nden boo beiduube makaalaaji dokkal,hokkude al- ɗiskandar gelle mawɗe nder lesdi [[Misra][. Hiimoɓe Kuwait (/ kʊˈweɪt/ ( heytina ); [7][8] Arabi: ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ al-Kuwayt , Gulfwal Arabi inniraade: [ɪl‿ɪkweːt] ko [lɪkweːt] ), annditireeki nde diiwal ɗun ɓe kuwaiti ( Arabi: ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ Dawlat al-Kuwayt ),un lesdi nder hirnare asiyya.edi joodori nde ta Woyla jokkal de fuunaare larabanko'en honnduko parsiyawal gulfwal, waadi kheerol e Lesdi Iraƙi eta Woyla e Lesdi Saudi Arabia eta fombina.[9] Kuwaiti kadima jokkiri e dakkal Lesdi Iran.kuwaiti ha no mari jaajirka ɗun rannidinaade kamani 500km(311mi).[10] nɗuɗɗum ɗum lesdi nɗin di ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe ɓen ebe jooɗi nder galliol gasii agglomawal di ɓe kapital leydi Lesdi Kuwaiti un gelle Kuwait. [11] Eder hitaade ɗumngu ɗun 2022 Kuwaiti woodi ɗuuɗirka yimmɓe kamani dun ɗum 4.67 miliyanji nden boo miliyanwal 1.45 un dañyaaɓe nder lesdi kuwaiti nden boo Luttuɗe miliyanji 2.8 un nastoybe gada goɗde lesɗe yaasi nɗe duuniiyaaru. Kuwait kammɓe ngooni ɗidiɓe mɓurɓe jawdi nder lesɗe julɓe e duuniiyaaru. Hiimoɓe Laamlaamateeri Maali a na jeyaa e dawlaaji Afirik hiirnaangeeri mawɗi, feeñunooɗi e jamaanu ngu annduɓe taariika innirta jamaanu hakkundeewu maa yontaaji hakkundeeji. Duttorɗe kaalooje ko faati e laamlaamu Maali keewaani, hay goodɗe ɗee laaɓtaani, tee luggiɗaani. Ko ɗum addani yimɓe luurdude heen haa hannde. Kollitgol duttorɗe tuugaaɗe ngam jangtaade daartol laamlaamu Maali. Ko ɓuri teeŋtude heen ko duttorɗe binndaaɗe (El Bakri, Ibn Batuta, Taariik es Sudaan, Taariik al Fatash…), yantude e aadaaji jangtaaɗi (awluɓe…). Duttorɗe binndaaɗe Ko ɗe fannuuji ɗiɗi : duttorɗe binndaaɗe booweeje (kañje tan ngoodnoo haa e teem 16ɓiire) e duttorɗe binndaaɗe nderiije (tuggi teem 16ɓiire) ummiiɗe e yiyooɓe binndi wonɓe worgo maayo Niiser. Ine jeyaa e binndaaɗe gadane ɗee, binndaaɗe ɗanniyankooɓe aarabeeɓe e berbeer en, haa teeŋti noon e El Bakri (teem 12ɓiire), Al Umari, Ibn Batuta e Ibn Khaldum (teem 16ɓiire). Ine jeyaa e binndaaɗe nderiije ɗee, binndaaɗe Taariik es Sudaan e Taarik al Fatash, jubbi daartol/daartol Ɓaleeɓe e jubbi daarti biɗtoowo, peeñɗi caggal nde Maruknaaɓe keɓti laamlaamu Sonngaay, jubbi kaalooji seeɗa ko faati e Mali. Jangtaali ɗanniyankooɓe purtugeecnaaɓe e españoolnaaɓe ina ndokka kabaruuji paatuɗi e laamaandi Mali cakkitiindi, tee leefɗitndi no feewi. Aadaaji jangtaaɗi Nde tawnoo ngawlaagu ina heewnoo faayiida, tee ina lutti haa hannde heewde faayiida e galle laamɗo Mali, aadaaji jangtaaɗi kam enne ine njogii faayiida mawɗo nder wiɗtooji jowitiiɗi e Mali ɓooyɗo. Alaa golle ummonaa ngam renndinde ɗi kañji kala e saaktidde ɗi mbele eɗi mbaawa yerondireede. Ko baaba tottata ɓiɗɗo e sifaa piɓiiɗo, kono eɗi ceerti fawaade e gure e diiwanuuji. Ine teskee ɗi mbayliima so ɗi ƴeewdaama e ko ƴettanoo law gila e fuɗɗoode koloñaal. Ko ɗum tagi ɗi poti yiyreede tan ko no faawru kabaruuji daartol ɗi ceɗtaaki tawo, doondiiɗi nafooje renndo, ɓurɗi waawde feeñninde neesu renndooji ɗo ɗi ummii ɗoo. Aada ɓurɗo anndeede ko aada jangtotooɗo ummannde laamu Suñnjata Keytaa, mo heewɓe caakti e mum binndanɗe, haa arti noon e “Soundita ou l’épopée Manding” (Suñnjata walla Daarol Manndeŋ) nde Jibriil Tamsiir Ñaan. Eɗen mbaawi kadi humpitaade wiɗto Yuusuf Tata Siisee woɗnde e gawlo Wa Kamisoko e Siriman Kuyaate wonande binndi doosgal Manndeŋ, binndangal e ndonu winndereewu Unesco, ngu ɓooygol mum yedditaa. Wiɗtooji biilleeji keewaani Ɓurngo heen faayodinde, hono wiɗooji Filipowiak to Ñaani e kitaale 1965, 1968 e 1973 rokkaani njeñtudi ndallinaandi wonande yonta hakkundeejo (teem XIII – XVI). Iwdeyaagal Iwdeyaagal helmere « Mali » laaɓtaani. Yimɓe laamaandi ndii nganndiri ndi tan ko Manden wonaa Mali. « Man » firti e Bammbara e Malinka ko « liwoogu », e « den » firti ko « cukalel », woni “menden”= ɓiy liwoogu. Ƴoogirɗe aarabeeje ina kaala haala laamlaamu Malel, Malal, Melli, Mali, kono ɗe ndokkaani firo helmere ndee. Fulɓe (leñol eggiyeewol teweteengol e Mali gila e fuɗɗoode laamlaamu nguu) mbiyata yimɓe Maden ko « Malinke », woni « huunde malaande ndee ». Nii woni Madenka en e koye mum en mbiyata leydi mum en ko « Manden », fulɓe mbiyata ndi ko « Mali » (« waɗde maslahaa », « wondude e Malu »), yimɓe ɓee, ɓe mbiyata yimɓe ɓee ko « Malinke ». E Bammbara, Mali ina firta kadi « ngabu » ; hawri kisa ngel kullel ina horsini worgo leydi ndii, ɗo Malinkee en e Bammbara en koɗi ɗoo. Won kadi Fulɓe, teeŋtii non Fulɓe funnaange, wiyooɓe leydi ndii Malle kono e anndaa innde ndee ko holɗum ɓuri heertorde sabu ina waawa kadi tawa ko laamlaamateeri Wagadu (Gana maa Gaana) ɓe faandii heen. Nde tawnoo e maando maɓɓe ko e ɗeen leyɗeele ɓe iwi ɓe pa'i funnaange, bammbaaɓe maɓɓe ana keewi wiyde: Pullo fuu Malle ƴuuwi (iwi). Hol to laamorgo Mali wonnoo ? Ƴoogirɗe keewɗe, ceertuɗe ina kaala haala laamorgo ngoo. Tee ɗe kawraani e haala. (…) Eɗen njogii firooji e gowlaali keewɗi wonande innde laamorgo ngoo (Malli, Biti, Bini, Bani, Yani, limtidaaka). Ɗum noon mbele ɗee inɗe kala toɗɗii ko nokku gooto walla njoopii ko laamorgo wooto? E tuugnaade e ƴoogirɗe jangtaaɗe e biilleeje nokkuuji keewɗi ina njalti e binndol daartol ngol. Ñaani Madugu, Mani-Kura walla Mali-Tommbo e Ñaani, gurel tokosel sara maayo Sankarani ngel nokku mum wiɗaa e oorle tati 1965, 1968 e 1973. Eɗen njaajnoo e oo nokku e les ɗoo. So en tuugniima e aadaaji jangtaaɗi, rewrude e hinnde Jeli en woodnoonde e laamu Mali, duuminoonde e won ɗeen gure Mali hannde, ɓuri waawde haalde ko haala nokku ina wiyee Keyla. Jeegarafeejo engeleejo gooto ina wiyee Cooley ine sikki laamorgo ngoo wonnoo ko saraaji wuro Samee, sara maayo Joliba. Ofisiyee farayseejo ine wiyee Binger taccunooɗo Sahel, maandinii, e hitaande 1892, nokku Ñandimaadugu oo, sara Yamina. Ɗee cikke ine kawriti e fonngo nano maayo Niiseer. Ɗe ɓamtaaka e binndi daartol ɗii. Ko Maurice Delafosse idii rokkude haala kaa himme. E hitaande 1912, e deftere makko Haut-Sénégal-Niger, ko Binger o idii rokkude goonga, hade makko faytude e cikkal kesal laatingal miijo wonande gagga oo. Ñaani laamorgo Mali (1923-1958) E nder binndanɗe keewɗe, laamɓe koloñaal en, tuggi Delafosse e Vidal haa Gaillard, peeñninii jokkondiral hakkunde innde Ñaani wonnde sara nokku Sankarani oo, e innde wonnde e ƴoogirɗe binndaaɗe ɗee. Ko ngoon miijo saabii wiɗooji biilleeji baɗaaɗi e Ñaani ɗii. Oorle biilleeje to Ñaani (1965-1973) Poloñnaajo ina wiyee Filipowiak waɗii oorle wiɗooji e nokku hee e ballondiral e Jibriil Tamsiir Ñaan, karallo daartol Mali, e jokkondiral e Raymond Mauny, karallo faraysenaajo wonande Sudaan hakkundeejo, profeseer to Sorbonne. Nde o joofni wiɗooji ɗii, o yaltini, e hitaande 1979, deftere Études archéologiques sur la capitale médiévale du Mali, ɗo o hollitta tonngi golle makko. Omo wiya heen o yiytii laamorgo laamu Mali. Ɗoon e ɗoon ɗiin tonngi Filipowiak njedditaa nde tawnoo ɗi nganndaama gila deftere makko ndee yaltaani. Wiyeteeɓe Meillassoux e Hunwick, nde ƴettiti bolol Ibn Batuta, cakkitii nokkuuji goɗɗi. Hade ɗuum tawi Mauny joofiima luure gonɗe hakkunde binndi Filipowiak ɗii e njaltudi ƴeewndooji kuutoriiɗi karbon 14. Fawaade e caɗeele jiytugol laamorgo duuɓi soñteende (âge d’or), daartooɓe ɓee paati e laamorgo adanngo ngoo (Conrad, Greenn), mbaɗti huutoraade kelme ɓurɗe wonde jaambureeje, ko wayi no galle Mansaa en, walla galle laamorɗo Mansaa en, ngam lomtinirde ɗum helmere laamorgo ndee, ɓayri cikke cakkitiiɗe ngabbitii ko e jaɓde wonde galle laamorɗo oo ko jirlotonooɗo hakkunde gure keewɗe (miijo senngo daartiyeewo engelenaaɓe (anglo-saxon)). Ɗum noon haa hannde ko yowre woni ɗoon ɓayri nokkuuji biɗtaaɗi ɗii ndokkaani njeñtudi njaɓniindi. Nde tawnoo kattanɗe heristiije (héristique : ñeeñal jiytugol) tuugiiɗe e ƴoogirɗe laataaki, yimɓe mbayi no ruŋtiiɓe gagga oo nii. Ina gasa tawa ine sokli wiɗtooji ɗii mbaɗoyee e nokkuuji goɗɗi. Dakoor African Kingdoms Mali Metropolitan Museum – Empires of the Western Sudan: Mali Empire The Story of Africa: Mali – BBC World Service Ibn Battuta: Travels in Asia and Africa 1325–1354 – excerpts from H. A. R. Gibb's translation Nassiji Laamu dow Afrik Laamorde Saahel Ndewgu Laamu Mali Mohammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (Somaali: Maxamed Xaaji Ibrahim agal, Aarabre cholte 15, 1928-mboy 3,2002) un gimɗo cuɓal Somaaliya lattiɗo arɗuujo lesdi Somaaliya nebɗo kiiɗo daga 1992 yari haa mayɗe mako daw artuɗo gaɗdo priministaajo jamhuriyawal Somaaliya ɗun balɗe sappo e go’o ɗer 1960 e haajooni daga 1967 yari 1969. Margo E Jannɗe Egal ɗayaama ɗer 1928, ɗer odwayne eɗe ɓannɗu ɓe British Somaaliya. O jottorake daga ɓe Issa Musse hendide hawte eɗe habar Awal clan ɗun Isaaq. Otimmini jannde primarie e sekandare ɗer hawtuɗe hiiɗe British Somaaliya eɓe sotti lusini yari ɗe united kingdom. Egal o mɓanngi Aisha Sa’eed Abby e hawte eɓe ngoodi bacci ngordi ɗiɗi e bacci ɗebbi ɗiɗi. Kuuɗe Ɗe 26 Dujjal 1960 Egal un priministaajo ɗunɗe heeseere kebtal hore diiwal ɗun Somaaliya kawtuɗum eɗer balɗe jowee ɓaawo hawti e artuɗe hutirɗe ɗeɓe kumtal leydi Somaaliya ta tigguɗum jamhuriyawal Somaaliya e morso 1, 1960. Kuugal ngomnaati O jogaake eɗe artugal deenal ministaajo kilantooɗo (Defence) (1960-1962) ministaajo jannɗe (1962-1963) priministaajo (1967-1969) e Ambassoda e Indiya (1976-1978), e ɗenbo o ɗun kakkilanoowo prisiona haaɗe ɗiɗi les Barre huuɗuuɗe. Priministaajo Jamhuriyawal Somaaliya Ɗer 1967, Abdirashid Ali Shermake suɓtaanu arɗuujo ɗen subti hollini Egal dow priministaajo. O haa enon ɗe priministaajo e ɗer Washinnton D.C ɗen arɗuujo Abdirashid Ali Shermake wallitimo ɗe yorkuma 15, 1969. Rammude gaɗa ɓaawo ɗon, ɓe heesere tiggade sepreme revolutionary council (SRC) arɗungal janarjo mawɗo Siad Barre, Brigadiajo mawɗo Mohammad Ainashe Gule, lieutenanjo Kannal Salaad Gabeyre kediye e mawɗo ɗun dansanndaajo jama korshel kalki mawgu ɗum. De (SRC0 laari winnditi innde leydi Somaaliya e Demokiraatik Jamhuriyawal Somaaliya, naagi memba’en ɓe arɗuugal hukuuma sarkiti partije cuɓal. Saakiti ɓe yahirɗe eɓe kotuwal mawngal e ɗarni ɗe constitucion. Egal eɗer ɓe siyasa nanɓe mone ɓe SRC ɗun mo huwanta leydi artuɗum hukuma. O yootaama o inna Ambassadajo lesdi Somaaliya yahi Inndiya (1976-1978) ɓaawo ɗe Barre soitimo prison haa sai ɗe timmini laamu mun ɗer 1985.ref name="Siiwsnm"> Arɗuujo Lesdi Somaaliya Egal mooɓi haute yari wallital di saron e woɓɓe wawɓe rebel kongol, keɓbini ɗe woyla-hirnare dungal e jawdi ɗun Somaaliya haiku kawtal e tiggi bilateral coggu hauti e lesde yassi, gabati ceɗe keese ɗe ɗun hutirta ɓe Somaaliya shilling ɗen a de Somaaliya paspoor e tutawal Somaaliya ɗen tiggukaki hawtirɗe e sembinnɗe de soljie e janndarmu e soljie’en ɗer Somaaliya. Mayɗe Egal mayi ɗer mboy 3,2002 ɗer pretoria Afrik fombinaare (south African) innare emo wallina gam nyawɗuki ɗer asibitiwal nyawdud solji’en. Ɗun wartiri ɓannɗu maako leydi Somaaliya gan uweeki diiwal bacci maako tati arɗi yimɓe fooje uwuuki e do’aati boɗdi. Haaɗe yimmɓe 4,000 kalartake uwuruuɗe maako e genaale ɗer Berbera eɓe ɗungal hollinɓe balɗe jowe ɗiɗi ɗun pinnɗe. Dahir Rayala kahin lattaki mastuɗo ofiswal jonnɗe arɗuujo leydi. Nassiji External links IRIN Interview with Mohamed Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Leydi Somaaliya Pelaajo Somaaliya Mohamed Yusuf Abdirahman kaanoobo anndiraaɗo Murad un gimɗo tufleeji (siyaasaji) cuɓal leydi Somaali, e ɓe ɗi mawɗe jogiiɗo laamɗo Burao, ɗi laamorde e de gelle mawɗe ɗe Togdheer lardu ɗun Somaali, jogiiɗo daga 2012 woddi 2021. O wurtoyke daga der yalji ɗiɓe Reer Biniin, Ahmed Farah hawtel lenyol be ɗun Habr Je’lo Isaaq. O jaaɓi laamu ɓaawo timmingo Abdirisaq Ibrahim Abdi hitaande 20 Korso 2021 ɓaawo gaɗa cuɓol balanngal subtude Somaali. Nassiji Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Pelaajo Buurawo Abdirashid Haji Duale Qambi (Somaali: ) un gimɗo cuɓol tufleeji leydi Somaali hannko jooni jogi. Arɗunngal ministaajo kuuɗe yaasi e Guure ɗun Somaali. O neebuɗi e fanu kuudee harkaaji tufleeji wakkatiiji ɗudde ɗen o joogaake arɗuule ɗe daama tun hebtuude hoore leydi Somaali ɗer hitannde 1991. Nassiji Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Ahmed Aden Ducale seetoore maako Riwaayo (Somaali: Ahmed Aden Duale) un gimɗo huude cuɓal leydi Somaaliya ɗen e joonii mawɗo arɗuujo ɗun Buurawo, ɗe laamorde hawtirde e mawɗe gelle ɗun Togdheer lardu dun Somaaliya tun Korso 20, 2021. O rooni Mohammed Yusuf Abdirahman ɗe hitaande 20 Korso 2021 ɓaawo ɗe 2021 cubal bataangal leydi Somaali. Hiimoɓe Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Somaaliya Yahaya Adoza Bello mou dayanmo nalde 18 lewru sedto duubi 1975 eii doon lumou lysidi Naajeeriya toe lysidi siyasa'en gwamna Diiwal Kogi gada yari duubi 2016.jamiya,en (APC) bandirawoo bello eii funaree gwamna Naajeeriya. Ngeendam/jangirdee Hiimoɓe Dr Abdiweli Sheikh Abdillahi Soufi' (Somaali: abdiweli Shiikh Cabdillaahi Suufi) un gimɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaali lattiɗo e jooni jonta jogiiɗo arɗuungu ministaajo lilal e kaɓarouji gollital ɗun leydi Somaali. Nassiji Somaali Lesdi Somaaliya Somaaliya Abdullahi Abdi Omar Jawaan (Somaali: Cabdullaahi Cabdi Cumar Jawaan, Aarabre: عبد الله عبدي عمر; dannyimo 1949) un gimɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaaliya e hannko wami kollinddo gabatanaaki ɓe Somaaliya ɓi’al leydi kuɓɓal ba’lal noddira National Emblem ɗer lookkatire hitaande 1996. Omar haa nobo lattake artuɗo arɗuujo hukuuma cubal ɗer leydi Somaaliya. Nassiji Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Hamse Mohamed Abdi (Somaali: ) un gimɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaali, latti hannko eɗe jonni jogiiɗo arɗuungal ngomnaajo ɗu lardu Togdheer ɗum Somaali tun Silo (January) 2018. Nassiji Somaali Somaaliya Lesdi Somaaliya Ministaajo kuuɗe ndeemal somali. Aɗan Ahmed Elmi (somali: Aɗen Axmed Cilli) un nayaaɓo ɗe ministaa’en deemal ɗun lesdi somali. O lattake ministaajo deemal eno ɗe lewru magie nyalɗe 10, 2002 ɓaawo de jippaago ɗe Ali Sheik Yusuf. Ɗistinorɗe Elmi o dannyaama nɗer Hargasa, e maraake jonneɗe margo maako nɗer mogaɗishu e hargeiso. O wurtoiya daga lennyol Gashanbur Eldagale Garjis ɗer henɗal lenyal-lasgo Isaq. Komoo holline kuugal ɗer huutirɗe somali un siryotooɗo fiijo jalnuuki ɗer filmji lesdi somali ɗummo fuɗɗi wurtinki tunde hitannde 1990s. Ɗer 2001, o joonaake hawtuuɗe ɗe UDUB partiwal cuɓal siyasa. Elmi un ɓiɗɗo Ahmed Elmi komannɗaajo solji’en yaake ɗe ɗuuɓi si’ad Barre, jooni ɗustii Daada maako Khadija Mohmoud Marɗo kamfani ɓikkon leɗɗe ɗer fuunare hargeisa. Arɗuujo lesdi somali ɗiɗaɗo 2nd (1993-2002) Mohammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (somali Maxamed Xaaji Ibrahim agal, Arabankoore cholte 15, 1928-mboy 3,2002) un gimɗo cuɓal somali lattiɗo arɗuujo lesdi somali nebɗo kiiɗo daga 1992 yari haa mayɗe mako daw artuɗo gaɗdo priministaajo jamhuriyawal somali ɗun balɗe sappo e go’o ɗer 1960 e haajooni daga 1967 yari 1969. Margo E Jannɗe Egal ɗayaama ɗer 1928, ɗer odwayne eɗ€ ɓannɗu ɓe British somali. O jottorake daga ɓe Issa Musse hendide hawte eɗe habar Awal clan ɗun Isaaq. Otimmini jannde primarie e sekandare ɗer hawtuɗe hiiɗe British somali eɓe sotti lusini yari ɗe united kingdom. Egal o mɓanngi Aisha Sa’eed Abby e hawte eɓe ngoodi bacci ngordi ɗiɗi e bacci ɗebbi ɗiɗi. Kuuɗe Ɗe 26 Dujjal 1960 Egal un priministaajo ɗunɗe heeseere kebtal hore diiwal ɗun somali kawtuɗum eɗer balɗe jowee ɓaawo hawti e artuɗe hutirɗe ɗeɓe kumtal leydi somali ta tigguɗum jamhuriyawal somali e morso 1, 1960. Kuugal Gomnaati O jogaake eɗe artugal deenal ministaajo kilantooɗo (Defence) (1960-1962) ministaajo jannɗe (1962-1963) priministaajo (1967-1969) e Ambassoda e Indiya (1976-1978), e ɗenbo o ɗun kakkilanoowo prisiona haaɗe ɗiɗi les Barre huuɗuuɗe. Priministaajo Jamhuriyawal Somali Ɗer 1967, Abdirashid Ali Shermake suɓtaanu arɗuujo ɗen subti hollini Egal dow priministaajo o haa enon ɗe priministaajo e ɗer Washinton D.C ɗen arɗuujo Abdirashid Ali Shermake wallitimo ɗe yorkuma 15, 1969. Rammude gaɗa ɓaawo ɗon, ɓe heesere tiggade sepreme revolutionary council (SRC) arɗungal janarjo mawɗo siad Barre, Brigadiajo mawɗo Mohammad Ainashe Gule, lieutenanjo conol Salaad Gabeyre kediye e mawɗo ɗun policejo jama korshel kalki mawgu ɗum. De (SRC0 laari winnditi innde leydi somali e democratic jamhuriyawal somali, naagi memba’en ɓe arɗuugal hukuma sarkiti partije cuɓal. Saakiti ɓe yahirɗe eɓe kotuwal mawngal e ɗarni ɗe constitucion. Egal eɗer ɓe siyasa nanɓe mone ɓe SRC ɗun mo huwanta leydi artuɗum hukuma. O yootaama o inna Ambassadajo leydi somali yahi Indiya (1976-1978) ɓaawo ɗe Barre soitimo prison haa sai ɗe timmini laamu mun ɗer 1985. Arɗuujo Lesdi Somali Egal mooɓi haute yari wallital di saron e woɓɓe wawɓe rebel kongol, keɓbini ɗe woyla-hirnare dungal e jawdi ɗun somali haiku kawtal e tiggi bilateral coggu hauti e lesde yassi, gabati ceɗe keese ɗe ɗun hutirta ɓe somali shilling ɗen a de somali paspoor e tutawal somali ɗen tiggukaki hawtirɗe e sembinnɗe de soljie e janndarmu e soljie’en ɗer somali. Mayɗe Egal mayi ɗer mboy 3,2002 ɗer pretoria Afrik fombinaare (south African) innare emo wallina gam nyawɗuki ɗer asibitiwal nyawdud solji’en. Ɗun wartiri ɓannɗu maako leydi somali gan uweeki diiwal bacci maako tati arɗi yimɓe fooje uwuuki e do’aati boɗdi. Haaɗe yimmɓe 4,000 kalartake uwuruuɗe maako e genaale ɗer Berbera eɓe ɗungal hollinɓe balɗe jowe ɗiɗi ɗun pinnɗe. Dahir Rayala kahin lattaki mastuɗo ofiswal jonnɗe arɗuujo leydi. Hiimoɓe Arɗuujo lesdi somali tataaɓo 3th (2000-2010) Dahir Riyale Kahin (somali: Daahir Riyaale Kaahin larabanko’en ɗanyaama 12 mboy 1952) un gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali lattiɗo arɗuujo lesdi ɗin daga 2002 yari 2010. Naane no o jogaake mawɗo ofisaajo mo ɗer ɗe renugo lesdikuuɗe ɗer somali bi’al (National Security Service) ɗen e ballitowoo arɗuujo lesdi daga 1977 yari 2002. Banninkeehum Margo Kahin o ɗanyaama ɗer ɗe gelle ɗe Quijeed ɗungal ɗun leydi somali o wurtoike daga ɓe jibreel youn’s henda-dan ɗun ɓe Gadabuursi dan. O janngi ɗer amoud ɗen ɓaawo gaɗa o ekkiti ɗer mogaɗishu. Kuuɗe Kahin ɓaawo lilaama hawti e diplomaccio jonɗe Ambassadajo somali yahi leydi djibouti. Ɗer ɗe noogas caaliɗum ɗer laamu siad Barre yaake ɗe 1980s, Kahin un mawɗo dow manguuji (NSS) ofisaajo ɗer Berbera. O jottarake ɗer las anod ɗer 1981 yari 1982. Daga 1997 yari 2002 Kahin lattake ballitowo arɗujo lesdi somali. Arɗuujo Lesdi Somali E 3 duujal 2002, Kahin lattake arɗujo tatɓo e tarihi lesdi somali ɓaawo mayɗe kinnaɗo arɗujo Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal. Kahin ɓawo heɓi nasru subteeki ɗer cuɓal gaɗagal 14 setto 2003, wakilti cubɗe ururka dimuqraaɗiga Umada Bahawday (UDUB) ko united democratic peoples party. O nasti offis ɗe 16 duujal ɓaawo nyalɗe jana’iza Egal. Hiimoɓe Gimmɗo cuɓal siyasa somali Abdulrahman Ahmed Ali (somali: cabdurrahman Ahmed calli) un gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali hannko wooni un jonni edow arɗungal jonnde gomnaaajo lardu ɗun awɗal ɗi lesdi somali ɗun lewru silo 2018. De hitaanɗe saaliɗe arɗuujo diina larɗuɗun sekimo e huɗugo ɗun diina (Islama) ɗu’un bo ɗun wooɗa (haram) eɗe shari’a tsariwal lesdi ɗembo gomnaajo o jaɓaayi edow o huudi wiigo o wala hujja o huɗu julɓe garu hanko ma o julɗo. Hiimoɓe Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Abdulrahman Mahmoud Aidiid (somali: Cabdulrahman Maxmuud Caydiid, Arabe) on woni gimɗo cuɓal siyasaaji lesdi somali. o neddo aslu ɗanyaago mayar ɗun hargeisa ko saali 2013 yari 2021 nder gelle mawɗe e kapital hawtirɗe ɗe somali o lortori ɗeɓe Sa’ad Musa lengol ɓe ɗun Habr Awal Isaaq lasngol. Kuugal Adiid un membaajo ɗunɓe jonnɗe jam, kawtal hore e faago yeeso cuɓal partiwal (kulmiye) cuɓal partiwal arɗiigal lesdi somali. Ɓaawo ko gaɗa ɗe mayɗe ɗun mayor ɓe hargeisa Yusuf worsame Saeed Adiidi subtaama ɗen jottori jooɗergal arɗuujo ɗer setto 14, 2013 eɗe ɓe quorum ɗun gelleji 24 kounsiloo’en. Hannko wooni pamaroo dokkaɗo joɗergal ngal. O hokkai ngal daga Abdikarim Ahmed mooge edow ɗe mayor hargeisa ɓaawo cuɓal bataangal ɗer ɗe 2021 ɗer lesdi somali o heeɓi cuuɓi ɗuɗdi ɓurɗi ɗi koomooge tefoowo ɗer hargeisa. Hiimoɓe Ahmed Haji Ali Hanko on woni gimɗo cuɓal siyasaaji lesdi somali Ahmed Haji Ali Adami (somali: Axaamed Xaayi Cali Caɗami) on gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali hanko jogi arɗungal ministaajo reenuki lesdi ɗun somali ko saali morso 2010 yari yarkuma 2015. O medgo waɗugo chiajo ɗun hukuma cuɓal ko sali 2002-2007. Gimɗo cuɓal somali Suleiman Mohamoud Adan haanko on woni anɗiraaɗo saleebaaan gaal (somali: Saleebaan Maxamuud Aadan) hanko on woni gimɗo cuɓal siyassaji lesdi somali eɗe hannɗo jonnta sifikajo majalisu dotti’en. Naaneno o medgo waɗuki ministajo nder lesdi ɗun somali hukuma artuɗun les arduungal lesdi Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur. Hiimoobe Un cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali Zamzam Abdi Adan (somali: Zamzam Cabdi Aadan) un gimɗo deɓbo kuwowo haaje siyasa ɗer somali o gaɗɗo ministaajo ɗun jannɗe e tayaaka ɗun lesdi somali daga morso 2010 waddi silto 2015, lattiɗo deɓbo artuɗo jogiiɗo jonnɗe ngaal joɗergal o hollinaama ministaajo cede lattiɗo jogiiɗoɗer haa sai ɗe timmingo laamu ɗun si’lanyo’s. O go’o ɗer ministaa’en nayo fuɗɗuɗaɓe e timmude ɗun silanyo’s laamu daga 2010 yari 2015 luttuɓe hamɗe ke Sa’ad Ali Shire Mohamoud Hashi Abdi e Kalil Abdillahi Ahmed. Gimɗo cuuɓal siyasaaji lesdi somali Sheik Khalil Abdillahi Ahmed (somali: Shiikh Khalil Abdilloahi Ahmed) hanko on woni gimɗo cuɓal siyasaaji lesdi somali lattiiɗo jonta jooni joogiiɗo arɗuungal ministaajo tiɗɗi naaree e hakkilanki harkaaji diina ɗun lesdi somali ko saali ɗe moorso 2010. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Mustafe Mohamoud Ali Bile (somali: Mustafe Maxamuud Cali Bile) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali lattido jonni ministaajo shari’a ɗun somali. Gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali Sulayman Yusuf Ali (Koore) (Somaali: Saleeɓaan Yuusuf Cali Koore) un gimɗo cuɓal e soljii’jo kiiɗo offisaajo lattiɗo jooni ministaajo kabaruuji e hakkilanki leydi. Hitaande arɗuujo lesdi Musa Bihi Abdi lammini koore dow ministaajo harkaaji diiyam ɗun somali ɗer ɗummgu 2017 koore waati ministaajo deemal les arɗuungal laamu Egal’s e haa ɗembo o waaɗi ɗuuɓi sappo e tati eɗow membaajo ɗun cuɓi somali. Mohamoud Hashi Abdi (Somaali: Maxamuud Xaashi Cabdi), ɓurɗo anndireeki eno Ina Xaashi un gimɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaaliya, lattiɗo jogiiɗo ministaajo ɗum huutirɗe yimɓe e jahaleeji piirooje ɗun Somaali daga Morso 2010 waddi yarkuma 2015. Ɗer yarkuma 2015, ɓaawo o jippaka daga ɗe e kuuɗeji miniista, o hollinaama ministaarjo ɗun arɗuujo leydi eta kollingal arɗuujo Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud (Siilaanyo). Nassiji Somaaliya Somaali Yimɓe Somaaliya Abdikarim Adan Haji Diriye (Somaaliya: Cabdikariim Adan Xaaji Diiriye) un gimɗo neɗɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaaliya e jogiiɗo arɗuugal e jooni ngomnajo ɗun lardu sool ɗun leydi Somaaliya. O lamminaama o hokkama ngomnajo e hokkuɗe arɗuujo leydi Somaaliya e Hemse Bihi Abdi ɗe 2 Jolal 2021. O ngomnajo kiiɗo ɗun Gebiley daga 29 Morso 2020 waddi 2 Jolal 2021. Dannyorde margo O dannyaama ɗer Maydh, ɗe taariihawol yebre geɓal saare ɗun Sanaag lardu. O nasabari e ɓe lasgol ɗun ɓe Garhajis Isaaq. Nassiji Somaali Somaaliya Yimɓe Somaaliya Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud Silanyo (Somaaliya: ) un gimɗo tufleeji cuɓal Somaaliya ɗannyaaɗo hitaande (1938) lattiɗo hooreejo leydi Somaaliya daga 2010 yaari 2017. O neɓɗo eɗer hukuma membaajo leydi Somaaliya, o wati ministaajo sanaa’aji ɗun jamhuriyawol Somaaliya e goɗɗe arɗule leydi: yaake de 1980s kadima o lattake ciajo ɗun ɓe lusingo leydi Somaaliya noɗɗira, Somaaliya National Movement. Mogina Bannikeejum margo Ahmed Mohamed Mahamoud Silanyo o dannyaama hitaande ɗer 1938 eɗer funacaakare gelle de Burco jotteriɗe ɗer wonaa hiide kakkilirde Biritinkeejum Somaaliya. Somoore ko somoorde “Silanyo” (maana; polladi ɗer Somaaliya), o yuutowi daga ɓe Adan Madobe lenyol nga ɗunɓe Habar Jeclo jabbere ɗun Isaaq nyalɗu. Ahmed M. Mohamed o tataɓo ɗer bacci jewe-go’o wuro maɓɓe. Abbaldi maako un dottiɗo marineji, gan no waati iyaalu ɗun joodi rebi durgol yebre siryaago joɗorɗe. No feeree maako janngi jannde nasara o juldo. Jannde Hakkude 1946 e 1957, Mohamoud janngi e janngirde ɗer Sheekh e Amud innaare mo timmini matakiwal sakandarere. Dow o timmini, sai o lusini yari Inngila o janngoyi jannde mawɗe: daga 1958 – yari 1960, Mohamoud janngi ɗer janngirde Lanndon maare o heeɓi General Certificate of Education (GCE). Den bo janngi e janngirde Mannceesta inaare e mo heeɓi digiri ɗiɗaɓun ɓiaɗum Bachelor Degree (1960 - 1963) e fannu jawdi (1963 – 1965). Nassiji Somaali Somaaliya Yimɓe Somaaliya Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur (Somaaliya: Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali Tuur, Aarabre: عبد الرحمن أحمد علي الطور) (Tur ko Tour maana “ganco ɓaawo gaɗa”) (Jolal 6, 1931 – Jolal 8, 2003) un mo gimɗo cuɓol siyaasaji hannko latt hooreejo leydi Somaaliya artuɗo daga 1991 yaari 1993. Tuur haa no boo lattake wadgo chiajo ɗun de Somaaliya National Movement daga 1990 yaari 1991. Mogina Bannikeejum margo Tuur un ɗannyimo de Jolal 6, 1931 ɗer Burao haaɗe ɗen ɓannɗu ɗun ɓe Biritinkeejum Somaaliya deenal renirde. O nyuuwi daga ɓe lasgol Muse Arreh iyaalu dun ɓe Garhajis. Hannko wooni pukaraajo jannguɗo mo dow artuuɗo timmindo daga de artuuɗe cakaare janngirde der Biritinkeejum Somaaliya e deenal e dokkaɗo aahaaku yaadu leydi Sudan ɗer 1948 gam ganngoya e ɗe Hantoob, o fotti e sobiraaɓe hawti e woɓɓe yeso’en Sudanko’en arɗuu’en baano Jaafar Nimeiry, Sadiq Al-Mahdi e Hassan Al-Turabi. Abdirahman sakamaako boɗɗum heeɓa ta maako fot ɗer fiijo sakkooma fijo balon e gimol e ko nooni fannu janngirɗe. Ɗen gaɗa o heebi ɓeidaari hebgo aahaaku janngoyki e ɗe janngirde ɗun Exeter Ɓaawo hebki timmoode wonnde janngirde maako ɗer UK, Abdirahman wuyyiti e fuɗɗuki kuuɗe mun e jannde kuugal amtirgal keerɗinaaɗo ɗer Barama hitaande 1956 e lusinaaki haa jannde ɗun Distinct Commisssioner (DC) duuɓi tati ɓaawo (1959). Ɗer 1961 o lattake ngomnajo ɗe ɓe fuunaare geɓal (Burao) e ɗen ɗer 1964 ɗe ngomnajo ɗun hirnaare geɓal (Hargeisa) ɗer noogasjun gootum o joonaatiri e ɓe ministaare ɗe hakkilango ko noni yaasi o rokkama kollingal kuugal e ɗer ɗe diplomacio liile: Sudan 1964 – 1968 e 1970 – 1971 Ammbassadaajo Ethiopia 1972 – 1977 Ammbassadaajo Fuuna Gaamaani (Germany) Jamus 1978 – 1981 Ammbassadaajo UAE 1981 – 1983 Ammbassadaajo O lattake e ɓaawo Ciajo/laamɗo ɗun ɗe Somaaliya National Movement (SNM) e semmbinnɗe mbaadi yuptooriide les daga mo Isaaq lasgol. Mayde Tuur maayiɗe Jolal 8 2003 duuɓi maako 72 e hitaande ɗen e ɗunuwiimo wataw janaza der Burao, leydi Somaaliya. Nassiji Yimɓe Somaaliya Somaaliya Lesdi Somaaliya Somaali Abdillahi Abokor Osman (Somaaliya: Cabdillaahi Abokor Cismaan) un gimɗo neɗɗo tufleeji leydi Somaaliya, un mo jooni jogiiɗo jannde ɗe memba ɗun kuugal leydi huutirde bial National Contracting Authority e ballitowoo ministaajo mo ɗer leydi ministaajo ɗun jahaleeji e kaajal faago yeeso laawii ɗun Somaaliya. Nassiji Abdullahi Mohammed Dahir (Somaaliya:Cabdillaahi Maxamed Daahir) haanoo anndiraaɗo e ɗe cukuse un o gimɗo cuɓal tufleeji leydi Somaaliya hannko latti wooni ministaajo jawdi e ndeemal ɗun Somaaliya daga Colte 2016 yari Bowtal 2017. Haa ɓaawo o ministaajo ɗun anndinnki lilal e deenal leydi ɗun Somaaliya daga Morso 2013 yaari Colte 2016. Nassiji Omar Ali Abdillahi (Somaaliya: Cumar Cali Cabdillaahi) un neɗɗo gimɗo tufleeji leydi Somaaliya nyalde Setto 2019, o Rokkaama ministaajo ɗun nyaamu ɗun leydi Somaaliya. Nassiji Abdiqani Mohamoud Ateye (Somaaliya: ) un mo gimɗo cuɓal leydi Somaaliya fuunare Afrik hannko wooni ministaajo helaanngo (defence) ɗun leydi Somaaliya tun ko ɗun lamminimo ɗer 2019. Un mo kiiɗo meeɗuɗo wadgo ministaajo Sharia ɗun leydi Somaaliya daga 2007. Nassiji Neɗɗo cuɓol tufleeji Somaaliya Abdirahim Ali Isma’il seetoore Qasa (Somaaliya: ) un gimɗo tufleeji leydi Somaaliya e ɗe jonni jonntaɗo’o laamɗo ɗun Las Anod ɓe laamorde kawtal e ɗe mawɗe gelle ɗun sool lardu ɗun Somaaliya tunnɗe 20 Morso 2021. O Rooni Abdil’aziz Hussein Hassan no 20 Morso 2021 ɓaawo cuuɓal bataangal leydi Somaaliya 2021. Nnewi un ɗe laamorde e sanaa’aji gelle nder Diiwal Aanambaara fombina fuuna Naajeeriya. Ɗum un ɗe ɗiɗire njaajirka e mawgu de ɗuuɗuki gelle ɗer ɗe fombina ɗe ɗun wuttudu fombina lesdi. Nnewi e jaajirka haa no go’o hukuma pamarre geɓɓal no ngal un Nnewi Woyla. Nnewi Woyla hawti kwaataaji nayi: Otola, Uruagu, Umudim e Nnewichi. Ɗe artuɗe asluwal motawal gadaagal gamma Awre nder Naajeeriya un e ɗe jottori nder ɗi gelle ɗen. Ɗembo haa mawgal gataangal ɗer Naajeeriya baburwal ngal kosde ɗiɗi ɗe NASENI mi un ɗen ngal waaɗa ɗer Nnewi. while the first wholly Made-in-Nigeria motorcycle, the 'NASENI M1' was manufactured in Nnewi. Eɗe nder ɗun 2006 Nnewi haa ƙiyastaama ɗuuɗirka ɗun 391,227 no kollingal ɗun hisaago ɗi Naajeeriya. Ɗe 2019 ɗuuɗirka ƙiyastaago holliniton Nnewi haa e ɗuuɗiri baano dow 909,000. Ɗe gelle ɗen we’itooni haa dow 200km2 nder diiwal Aanambaara. Taariihawol Ɗer Nnnewi bolle taariku e jeeygo, ɓe boojal (ewi) fiji fiijo mawgo ɗer tigguku ɗe tiggude ɗe Nnewi wakkatire konuuji. Efu hollingo taarikuji ɗum Nnewi haa waati huutiri ɗum taadiiɓe (janndarma) kamɓe kakkilaani keeri e sabo’e ɗun ɗu’un ɓe faɗɗooɓe ko nnyaamooɓe ɗum ewi ɗer Nnewi un haramatkeɗun e ɗe hannde. Nnewi habeli eɗe heptugo hare laamorde daga ɗe ƙarniwal 15th yaari 1904 ɗe ɓe biritinkeejum (boode’en) laamori huutirde teeti de laamorde ɗen. Nnewi maral un tiggi ngal ɗe nayi kwaataaji (cion njayɗum) innɗe Otolo, Uruagu, Umudim e Nnewichi fof chiun un heendini ɗum haa ɗeɗe nayi yalji kawtudi noddira umunna: fot umunna woodi e artuɗe yalji (iyaalu) anndira e ɗe Obi. Nassiji Diiwal Aanambaara Berniiji Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Nsukka un berniwol (gallure) nder Diiwal Enugu, Naajeeriya. Nassiji Diiwal Enugu Berniiji Naajeeriya Naajeeriya Hukuma Pamare Naajeeriya Ikot-Abasi un ɗe jooɗori ɗer ɗi fombina hirna jokkal ɗum Diiwal Akwa Ibom, Naajeeriya. E ɗum jokkiɗiri keerol e ɗe Oruk Anam hukuma pamaare ɗum ta ɗen ngo ɗi woyla, hukumaaje pamaare ɗe Mkpat Enin e fuunaawal Ebolo jokkal fuuna ɗer ɗi haa e fuuna Maayo filtiingo Atalantika e ɗer ɗi fombina maayo Diiwal Imo roodi yaake hola keerol ɗer kendii ɗe daga ɗum Diiwal Ribaas. Yimɓe Yimɓe ɗi Ikot-Abasi un waaɗa dow e ɗum ɓe lasgol Ibibio kongol hauti e henlii ɗe kaage ɗongu e fina-tawaa. E ɗe bolwal wolde Ibibiyo. Ikot-Abasi un dow ɗum joowe magge innɗe: jabbere Ikpa Edemaya, jabbere lkpa Ibekwe, jabbere lkpa Nnung, jabbere Ukpum Ette e Ukpum Okon. Edemaya E ɗe haa mari wodji tati cuɓorɗi. Kautuɗi ummini sappo ɗe ɗiɗi e tati (23) cion innɗe maakon: Atan Eka Iko Atan Ikpe Ediduo Iboro Ikot Aboa Nd Ikot Akpabo Ikot Akpan Ikot Efre Ikot Eneni Ikot Etenge Ndom Ikot Eyen Imo Ikot Ikara Ikot Iyire Ikot Ndien Ikot Obio Akpan Ikot Obio Ekpe Ikot Oboro Enyin Ikot Okpok Ikot Ubo Akama Ikot Ufot Ikot Unya Ikot Uso Ide Ukan Gelle dow Ikpa Ibekwe Ata Udo-Usung Ikot Aba Ikot Abasi Ikot Akpan-Ata Ikot Essien Ikot Etetuk Ikot Obong Ikot Ukpo-Inua Ikpetim and Uta Ewa Diiwal Akwa Ibom Hukuma Pamare Akwa Ibom Naajeeriya Berniiji Naajeeriya Ikot Ekpene andira ɗe ɗi Raffia gelle un ɗistinorde gallure ɗer fomɓinare diiwal ngal Akwa Ibom. Un ɗe laamorinkeejum e finnuji laamorde ngal ɗi lasgi kongol Annang nder Naajeeriya (Nair, 1972). Gallure ɗer e jooɗeri e ɗi 17342 laawol pootigol ton darɗiɗe ɗe hakkuɗe Kalaaba haata fombina – fuuna e Aba haa hirna, hawti e laamorde diiwal Uyo, e ɗu un laawol kam e ta fuuna. Umuahia un ɗi yeesore mawɗe gallure e ta woyla. Kannan Nair ɗi duurol distinore kollinde ɗe gallure e ɗun bii ruki e laamorinkeejum kapital ɗum ɗi Annangs e ɗi lasgol Ibibiyo. Ibibiyo e jooɗi haa ɗi fuuna e ɗuɗuɗum ɗi ɗum Annangs e joɗeri haa ɗe fombina ɗum ɗi gallure den. Ikot Ekpene un anɗirande hawtirde soornde ɗun hawti e biirol gurtirde ɗum kokoje. Nassiji Diiwal Akwa Ibom Hukuma Pamare Akwa Ibom Naajeeriya Berniiji Naajeeriya Ilorin un kapital (hawtirde laamorde) Diiwal Kwara nder hirnare Naajeeriya.E limgal hisaago 2006 e ɗi woodi mawngu ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 777,667 laatinɗumɓe ɗe 7th mawnɗe gelle e ɗudirka nder Naajeeriya. Taarihawol Ilorin un ersesere ɗum ɗe Yarbanko’en, go’o ɗun ɗi tati mawɗum lasgi kongol der Naajeeriya der 1450. Ɗi lattake a joɗerɗe hautirde solji’’en ɗum ɗi yimɓe naane Oyo laamorde e gaɗa latti a woyla Naajeeriya penarde ɓaawo Shehu Alimi, mo gazinoowo Islaama e modibbo, Kakkila ɗo ɗum ɗi gellel mo saaki Islaama ɗer kapitawal ngal hocci ɗeɓe Royalji Nijjeer kamfani der 1897 ɗen dun leysd ɗi hiɓɓiɗiri ɗerɗi ɗe Biritinkon koloninkeejum ɗun woyla Naajeeriya der 1900, dembo ɗi laamorde waadi faago yeeso e waɗugo ballite nafooje. Gelle ɗen lattako e chambiɗɗe e diinaa Islaama eder bo haabo Nasaara’en e hande mawni e huutirki eɗer golleji eder gelle ɗer gamm egguru yimɓe daga wuttudu woondu ɗu diiwal Kwara e goɗɗi guttuli Naajeeriya. Fiijooji Ilorin woodi ko maari sitadiyon wo haaba mawniri e kangi ɗiɗi fiyorde kollooji (tamnde/tamre) Kwara United FC fijooɓe e ɗer fijirgo mawgo ɗer likji Naajeeriya (NPFL) kanjum yahirta e ɗe likiiwal kuugal kamfaniwal e ABS FC eɗer betaja Naajeeriya likiiwal lesdi. Gelle ɗem haa ɗi tan woodi andiraade jairi fiijo der hiirna Afrik. Dembo e woodi mari fijo balljungo den fijooɓe ɗi leydi competition. Tigaaraaji Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji Naajeeriya Diiwal Kwara Iwo un gelle nder Diiwal Osun, Naajeeriya yimɓe Iwo kamaano woɓɓe yimɓe ɗun ɓe Yarbanko’en laamorde, wi’ooɓe e goodi aslu deega ille-ife woɗɓe egguɓe wonde wakkatire ɗer ƙarniwal 14th e hollingo ɗe Alade momi kanyon e Prince Adelegan Adegbola (2009). Di nanka gurtindi leydi hauti e Alaamaaji ɗum ɗe parrots (Kairi kollinii ɗi jooderɗe ɗun ɗe alkawal leydi). Un di laamorde Iwo. Gelle ɗen un booyma ɓanndu kissawol diiwal Oyo e un gaɗa sarkiiti e latta go’o ɗun ɗi mawɗi maare gelle nder diiwal Osun, Naajeeriya. Jergol Ciaaman’en ɗun ɗi hukumaare Iwo gada 1989 haa hannde Chief Blarinwa 1989-1989 Chief Ganiyu Iromini 1993-1994 Barrister Gbadegeshin Adedeji 1994-1996 Mr Kamilu Adio 1996-1997 Honourable Mutiu Kareem 1999-2002 Honourable Moshood Adeoti 2002-2003 Honourable Rasaki Ajadi Salwu 2003-2006 Engineer Lasun Olaniyi 2006-2007 Honourable Sulaimon Bello 2007-2010 Honourable Kamo Olabisi Alao 2010-2016 Honourable Kamorudeen Raji2017-2021 Honourable Ishola Kamar Adeniyi 2021 haa hannde Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji Naajeeriya Diiwal Osun Jalingo un ɗe laamorde gelle kapital Diiwal Taraba ɗer woylla – fuunaa Naajeeriya, haa ɗun ƙiyaastake hawti e ɗuuɗirka ɗun 118,000 e ɗi gelle un Fulɓe e goɗɗe pamaare lasgi kongi. Fulfulde, Mumuye, Hawsare, e ɗuɗɗe goɗɗe pamaare bolle e Bolwirta nder Jalingo. Joɗerɗe ɗum ɗi Muuri, Naajeeriya laamorde e palestawol ɗun e umaatore dun Jalingo, e gellure tiggaɗe wakkatire eerawal jihaadi Islaama. Gurtinirgal jokkal Nassiji Naajeeriya Berniiji Naajeeriya Diiwal Taraba shehu ahmadu musa eriminmo lewru sedto 1985 eii lysidi siya,en najeeriya,ewodi Jama'are un gallure e hukuma pamaarum nder Diiwal Bauchi, Naajeeriya. Dukku hukuma pamare diwwal Gombe Najeeriya ewoodi jama'are 207,190 a woyla fumbina. Gallure Jebba un ɗe Yorubanko'en e Nupe gellure nder Diiwal Kwara, Naajeeriya. Ɗum haa kollingal ɗun ɗe maayo Neeja e haa ƙiyaastago ɗuuɗirka ɗun 22,411 e ɗun 2007. Ɗe innɗe ɗum ɗi laamiɗo ɗum Jebba un Oba Abdulkadir Adebara. Galleriwol Jimeta un peetum gallure nder Yoola, Diiwal Aadaamawa, Naajeeriya ɗi gallure ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 73,080 ɗer 1991. baniiɗo wudina ɗum Jimeta un 135 m, e ɗum jogori e fooɗigo ɗe Benuwe (maayo Benuwe). Jimeta e haaɗebo Yoola, ɗe laamorde kapital diiwal ɗun Adaamawa marni nastiriijokkal taarikuji e hakkuɗe 1935 e 1955 tawee no kawtudi e go’o te gallure Jimeta haabo mari jipporde pirooje e Yoola. Yoola woɗɓe innirta e ɗe ɗiɗi e no Jimeta, Yola. Jos un peeta gallure ɗer ɗi woyla caaka ɓanngeere ɗum Naajeeriya. Gelle ɗen haa e ɗuuɗiri ɗun kamano 900,000 jooɗiiɓe e ɗun e no hisaago 2006. Burgo anɗireeki ‘’’J-town’’’ watoo ‘’’J-galliol’’’. Un huutirde e laamorde kapital e gelle mawɗe dun Diiwal Pilaato. Wakkatire laamu boɗejo biritinkeejum Jos un inaare wonnde caka ɗer koori (kuja) gasarde e un ɗen laamorde ɗun de diiwal e no huutirde luumo no ɓeidoori boɗɗum. Taarihawol Ɗe artuɗuum anɗiraɗe jooɗiɓe ɗun ɓe leydi Thon e ɓe jotto anndira e no Naajeeriya un ɗe ɓe yimɓe Nok (1000 BCE) baawol yimbgal gada e hawɗe Jose geɓɓal hammɓe mani anduuɓe Vanishre eɗer ɗe nabɗe artuuɗe ɗe mileeniyum’en. Nassiji Lokoja unɗe galluwol nder Naajeeriya. Ɗum jottarde ɗeta haajawol ɗun ɗe Naijeer e Benuwe maayilleji e unɗe kapital ɗun Diiwal Kogi. Ɗemboo ɓe oworo, Bassa nge e Nupe kamɓe ngoyni aslul ɗeɓe ariyaji kongi lasgi ɗun Naajeeriya nastiri ɓe kupa-Nupe, Hausa, Ebira, Igala, Igbo, Bini/Edo e Tiv kamɓe tiggi ɗe e saaliɗe wakkatire ɗe horemaji huuraaɗe eɗe ɓe gallure tatire mawnilawɗe ɗer geɓɓal lardu Afrik hakkuɗe 2020 e 2025 hawti e 5.93% mawɗum. Ɗum hiisiiriɗe ɗer galliol ɗiɗire eɗer 1917 galluji kawtuɗi ɗeɓe huuwirde kumfe laamu bodeejo. Ɗu’un ɗun kollini Lokoja un gelle kiiɗe. Kollingal Lasgi fere-fere kollini kanji titi innde gelle ɗen. Ɓe yorubanko’en e oworo’en yimɓe ngada Imaanu ɗe innde ɗen waari gaɗa Ilu okega (Ɗe nyibgal jottoriga daw nyolde hayre ɗe ɗun baaraatako. Ɓe hausare’en ngaadi Imaanu ɓe innde ɗen waari daga Lokoja (A ɗatal bodewal) e ton ɗun kollini innɗe ɗen hebraama daga laanu ɗum Zazzau. Ɓe Nupe ngaadi Imaanu ɗe innɗe ɗen waari daga patti lukongi (ɗe nyolɗe darewal) Ɓe Ighala ngaadi imaanu innde ɗen waari daga ɗe saakal lewa kaja ejam (warde fiiyo lingu) Taariku (Distinore) Ɓe geɓɓal ton dun wardi Lokoja haa eɗer jooɗiiɗe ɗun duuɓi yemteereji eno yimɓe daga lasgi fere-fere kongi pinoji eɗe worriɗe daga ɗe yunopu. Ɓe eggol ɗun ɗe kongi eɗe geɓɓal wuttuɗu ɓannɗu limgal ɗur eno ɗum haaɗe eɗe bannkiwal ɗun ɓe mayilleji Naijeer e Benue. Goɗɗe kongi artuuude ɗer kongi yimɓe nyiɓbuɓe ɗer Lokoja unɗe ɓe oworo yimɓe yoruba daga Ile-Ife hausa e Nupe. Ɗum un wirgo ton ɗe eggo daga baro e waɓɓe bannɗu ɗun hannɗe diiwal Naijer hawtirɗe eɗe maygi, Naijer, e Benue. Ɗun’un un war caka ɗun luumo misaali unɓe kupas e woɓɓe ɗun ɗe kakandas. 9th e 11th lamɗo ɗun Ɓorama Suleiman Hassan Haddi (somali: saleehaan Xasan Xaɗɗi) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaji lesdi somali. O mo kiiɗo lamɗo ɗun Borama, ɗe kapital eɗe mawɗe gelle ɗun larɗe Awdal ɗun somali, daga 2018 yahi 2021. 9th e 11th joo mawɗo lamɗo ɗun Borama Ɗer Offiswal 29 silto 2018-17 korso 2021 Mo jaaɓaani Mohamed Hassan maiɗane mottokki Mohamed Ahmed warsame. Ngaamu, Maako Partiwal cuɓal kulmiye peace unity e development party omɓuuɗe. Gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali Hassan Mohammed Ali Gafadhi (somali: Xasan Maxamed Cali Gaafaadhi) un gimdo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali lattiɗo jonni jogiiɗo ministaajo tsaaraago e faago yeeso ɗun lesdi somali. Un mo kiiɗo ministaajoi ɗun dungol e himmari ɗun lesdi somali. Gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali Abdi’aziz Hussein Hassan (somali: Cabdi’casiis Xuseen Xasan) kadi anndiraaɗo no taarwale un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaji somali. O lattiɗo eɗe mawɗo ɗun las Anod, di kapital eɗe gelle mawɗe ɗun lardu sool ɗun lesdi somali, daga 16 silo 2017 yahi 20 morɗo 2021, inaare emo hokkiti anɗungal Abdirahim Ali Ismail. Gimmɗo cuɓal harkaaji siyaasa lesdi somali. Ahmed Osman Hassan (somali: Axmed Cismaan Xasan) un gimɗo cuɓal harkaaji siyaasaji lesdi somali, hanko joogi eɗe gomnaajo ɗun lardu sahil ɗun lesdi somali tunnɗe lewru setto 2018. Gimɗo hukuma cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali. Farxaan Aadan Hayɓe un ɗe chiaajo ɗun ɓe huutirɗe gollital ɗun lesdi somali, dokkal ɗe komiicinaajo ɗer mboy 2019. O ministaajo kiido ɗun pirooje dow ɗun lesdi somali. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Hinda Jama Harsi (somali: Hinda Jaamaa Xirsi Gaanni) un gimɗo neɗdo cuɓal kuuɗeeji siyaasa lesdi somali, joonta joogiiɗo arɗungal ministaajo kuuɗe e yimmɓe e hakkilanngo yalji (iyaaluuji) ɗun lesdi somali. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Hussein Mohmed Mohamoud (somali: Xuseen Maxamed Maxamuud) ɗemmɓo annɗiraaɗo kanno Hussein hog un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali. O kiido lattiɗo ɓaawo ministaajo ɗun njaamu lesdi somali, daga morso 2010 yahi korso 2013. Gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali Abdishakur Mohamoud Hassan Iddi (somali: Cabɗishakuur Maxamed Xasan Ciɗɗin Arab) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali hanko wooni jooni jogiiɗo mawngu ɗun Berbera, lesdi somali Iddin nasaaba muuɗum yahi ɗe Issa Musa lenyol ɗun ɗe Habr Awal Issaq lasngol. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Shukri Haji Ismail Bandare (somali: shukri Xaaji Ismaaciil Baandare) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaji lesdi somali, lattiiɗo jooni jogiiɗo ministaajo jooɗorɗe e saareeji faagoyeeso ɗun lesdi somali. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali. Ahmed Osman Hassan Elmi (somali: Axmed Cismaan Xasan Cilmi) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali; lattiɗo joonta gomnaajo lardu ɗun sanaago ɗun somali tunnɗe morso 2020, ɗoonuuɗo jooɗergal Mohammed Ahmed. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Mohammed Hashi Elmik (somali: Moxamed Xaashi Cilmi) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaaji lesdi somali lattiɗo ministaajo harkaaji ceɗe ɗun lesdi somali daga morso 2010 yahri mboy 2012. O nɗe un kiiɗo mawɗo arɗungal ɗun hargeisa daga 1993 yaahri 1996. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Dr. Essa Abdirahman Mohamoud Kayd (Somali; Ciisse Caɓɗirahmaan Keyd) un gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali hannko wooni jooni ministaajo harkaaji lesɗe yaari. Finnannde Margo Kayd o ɗannyaama ɗer hargeisa, somali 1960 ɓaawo o waaɗi sukaaku maako ɗer djibouti odillii jannde lakol ɗer faransi, o timmini e janngirɗe daga ɓe universite de La Timone hawti e mastaawal ɗun neuroscience. Seɗɗe ɓaawo o heeɓi jonde ɗer ottawa, Canada inaare emo huuwi hawti eɓe kuugal ottawa huutirɗe e jonnɗe godotooɗo annaaɗo. Kuugal Ɗer ɗe finannɗe 2000s o satti yahki Boston united state, inaare e o huuwi eɗow mawɗo ɗunɗe departirwal wuttudu neuropsiology. Gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali Bashe mohamed Farah (somali; Baashe Maxahed Faarax arabi) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali lattiɗo sifiikaajo ɗun moɓgal suudu wakili;en ɗun lesdi somali. Kuugal Farah fuɗɗi harkaaji kuugal siyaasa ɗer 2005 hitannɗe o suɓtaa e jonnɗe wuro wakilii’en e membaajo lardu ɗeɓe. Den o lattake ballitoowo sifikaajo ɗer 2012, e lattiɗo dow maajum hande ton sembonnnɗe yaari 2017 inaare emo subtal jonnde sifikaajo ɓaawo himmimki jippaago mawɗo maako mo’o wallata, Abdirahman mohamed Abdullahi. Gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali Khadra Haji Ismail Geid (somali; Khadra Xaaji Ismaaaciil Geydhi Arabi) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasa lesdi somali. Ɗer 2011 o lattake ɗe mayer ɗun gelle Gabley lattiɗo ɗeɓɓo artuuɗo mayargo ɗa somali jonnta jooni hanko woni ballitoowo ɗun arɗuujo maagor Gaɓiley. Kuugal Geid janaake de jahal jam, kawtalhare e faagoyeeso partiwal ɗer 2002. Ɗer duuja 2011, o lamminaama les arɗuugal ministaajo nɗer lesdi eɗow mawɗe arɗuujo gelle Gaɓiley. Geid un mo jowee ɗiɗijo ɗun arɗu’en maayor Gaɓiley tuunɗe 1991 eɗen debbo artuuɗo jogiiɗo ɗun ɗer ɗiji semɓe ɗer ɗi lesdi somali lardu. ɓaawo o subtaama ede jooɗergal ngal, o jogaake haa duuɓi nayi e jonnɗe lamorɗe membaajo e jowee go’ojo eɗow ballitoowo. O wurtinaama ofiswal e cuɓal batangal ɗun wala semɓe eno jagaaɗe gelle Gaɓily ɗer duujal 2012 ɗen sakiti suɓteekiɓallitoowo. Gimɗo cuɓal Somali Mohammed Ahmed Alin Yusuf (somali; Moxamed Axmed Caalin Yuusuf) annɗiraaɗo eno tiimboro un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali lattiɗo jonnta govnaajo diiwal lardu awɗal tunnɗe hitaaɗe lewru morso 2020 kadima o waaɗi gomnaajo eɗe lardu sanaago ɗun somali daga silo 2018 yari maso 2020 hanko latti gomnaajo awɗal ɗun somali tunɗe 2022. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Mohammed Nour Arrale (somali; Maxamed Nuur Arrale) un gimɗe siyasa mo lesdi somali meeɗuuɗo waɗgo ministaajo ɗer lesdi ɗun lesdi somali daga ɗe 2010 haa waɗɗi 2013 ministaajo ɗer lesdi ɗun somali. Abdirahman Aw Ali Farrah, seefoore innɗe tolwaa (somali) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali. Abdirahman Aw Ali Farrah seetoore innɗe tolwa (somali; Caɓɗirahman Aw Cali Faarax) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali hanko woni ballitoowo tataaɓo ɗun somali daga mboy 1995 yari cholte 1997. Taariihiwal Abdirahman un mo mawɗo mo lasgo laamu ɗun snm laamu boɗeejo e go’o ɗun woɓɓe. Seɗɗa’en walaano Ishaq membaajo ɗun ɓe huutirɗe hawtirɗe lortooriɗe eɗe Jibril Yonus lasgol ɗun ɓe gaɗabuursi dir lenyol. Abdirahman wallitake somali faro hebgo jonnde jam eɗer ɓaawo konuuji ɗun heptuki hoore. Ɗer silo 1991, ɗer go’o tun ɗun timmingo ɗee’el konuuji ɗe 99th inaaje jottore ɗun ɓe SNM les arɗuungal colonel Ibrahim Koodɓuur waadi lusini hukumare solji’en daga hargeisa gahri lardu gallure ɗe dilla. ɓaawo e ɗarɗal konuuwal bataangal, ɓe SNM nanngi inaare ɗen e ɗen ngaaɗi ko kuugal eɗer ɗe wonnɗe gadaɓursi gellel ɗun Ɓorama. Saboo’enon bo ɓe arɗungal ngaaɗi Imaanu ɗe eɗow gadaɓursi heeɓi jonnɗe jam ɓe kuuɓini ɓe kawtal ɓaawo awaaji 24 gam algo hokkuɗe daama ɓolɗal heeɓa wata na sey e wirnaaki wuttuɗu ɗun sana’aji. Ɗu’un un saaɗa eɗe ɗun Abdirahman to’e ɗen. Gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali Bashe Awil Omar (ɗaygo 1972 ɗer hargeisa, somali) un soggotooɗo e gimɗo siyasajilesdi somali. O lattake wakiiliijo lesdi somali e lesde kawtal larabanko’en noɗɗira ɗun (united Arab) (2015-2018) e kenyol (2018-2021) edow kakkilanoowo arɗuujo somaliofiswal e kenya. Distinorɗe Omar o ɗanyaama ɗer 1972 ɗer hargeisa, lesdi somali. Ɗer 1991, tokki ɗe ummaago koonuuji lesdi somali, o sotti yahri haa lesdi (united kingdom). Ɗer 1977 Omar timmini jannɗe muɗun ɗe digiriwal barshaalowal e fannu sinadariiji noɗɗira (chemistry) daga UCL. Omar heeɓi scholarshipwal dokkowal ɗaama jannɗe o halarti janngirɗe Manchester inaare emo timmini e matakiwal hawti e mse ɗe petrochemistry e hydrocarbons chemistry. Yaake o jottorake ɗer kalitoniyya. Gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali Ahmed Mohammed Diriye (somali; Axmed Maxamed Diiriiyel) un gimɗo cuɓal lesdi somali e jonni ministaajo ɗun jannɗe mo lesdi ɗin e tayaaka ɗun somali tunɗe bowtal 1, 2019. Gimɗo cuɓal siyasa lesdi somali Mohammed Musa Diriye (somali; Maxamed Muusa Ɗiiriiye) un gimɗo cuɓal siyasaji lesdi somali hanko woni jooni ministaajo ndiyam ɗun lesdi somali. O meɗuugo wadki ministaajo bayaanuuji e kaɓaruuji ɗun somali, ministaajo diiwal e ballitowo ministaajo ɗun ɗer lesdi somali. O un mo ɓo meɗuugo wadgogomnaajo ɗun lardu togdheer somali. Gimɗo cuɓal e annɗannɗo neɓɓan Hussein Abdi Dualeh (somali; Xuseen caɓɗi Duaale) un gimɗo cuɓal e annɗannɗo neɓɓan kaɗima injiniyarjo. Un mo ministaajo kiiɗo ɗun semɓe e ko wooni ɗer lesdi ɗun somali. Biografiwal Dualeh o ɗanyaama ɗer ɗe saraar lardu ɗen somali. Ɗuuɓi maako jowee, o mɓangi hanko e ɗanyooɓee maako yahi Aɗen ɗer fombina lesdi Yemen. Dowɗen o wuitoowal o timmini jannɗe sakandarere maako e janngirɗe sos Sheik. Ɓaawo timmingo o ɗen seera neɓɓan fetur e ADNOC e neɓɓan defirɗam. Ɗer 1979 o fuuɗɗi gollital maako jannɗe eɗe janngirɗe ɗun okhlahoma e ɓaawo gaɗa ɗen o huuwa ɗe kantanuuji Amerik fere-fere. Gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaji lesdi somali Jamal Haji Ahmed (somali; jaamal Xaaji Axmed) un gimɗo cuɓal siyaasaji lesdi somali laatuɗo jooni gomnaajo ɗun lardu maroodi jeex ɗun lesdi somali tun hitaaɗe silo 2018. Ɗe Honaɗe ngaɗaaɗe ɗe ɗun ɗumraji nayi hakkuɗe di khalifajo sokoto e mo diiwal gobiranko’en ɗer Gawakuke ɗer woylare lesdi Naajeeriya nyalɗe 9 mboy 1836. Ɗe honannɗe ɗen une jaalagalɓe sokoto e helanaaki ɗi lamorde Gobir henɗinɗe nɗe ɓe halifanku. Ɗer 1836, ɓe laamu Gobir teti haanoɓe semɓinɗe kalifare sokoto, lattiɓe laamiɓe Goobir tunnɗe ɗum finuugo laamu nɗer 1808. Yahi ɓe wonnɗaaɓe. Khalifaajo sokoto sultan Muhammad Bello e luttuɓe eɗun kawtal maako kawti yahi njeɗɗi eɓe mawɓe e gawakuke, ɗer woylare hawtuɗe Gobir. Honooɓe (solji’en) Bello kiɓɓiɗiri ɗer ɗeenal solji’en e faɗɗuki sultanjo Gobir Ali koɗum soita ɗumɓe tefooɓe faɗɗuki haa nɗer yaasi ɗi lamorɗe Gobir, wuuli saareeji (chi’on) e hissuki jooɗiɓe jam. Asli Tiggudo khalifaare sokoto hannko wooni Usman ɓii foodi, jaalaaɗo Gobir nɗer 1808 faaɗe yeeso ɗunɓe waddi keero konu fulɓe ɗer lattiɗun anliiɗo e timminɗo konu Jihadi haa ɗen dawlaaji woyla Naajeeriya. Haa kadibo ɗuuɗirɗe ɓe gobir tokki dokaawal sokoto tiggoowo lattiɗo no kawtuɗo luumo hakkuɗe lamɓe ɓen. Nɗer 1930 ɗen Sultanjo mo sokoto Mohammed Bello jaaɓi hennɗuki laamu Gobir nɗer sokoto henndi ɗun lattiniɗun les sultanjo Ali latti laamu hakkuɗe Gobir e sokoto hakkilango arɗungal. Bunnda (Hona) Ɓe umminooɓe fitna solji’en eɓe dow gellooɗi (ngeelooɗi) pucci laɓɓe e daakaaje yimmɓe les arɗuugal Sultanjo mo sokoto Ali, Tuareq mawɗo Ibra, maradi mawɗo raudi e banndiraawo Ali. Baciri hawtuɗe maɓɓe ɗen fotti e solji’en Muhammed Bello nyalɓe mboy 1836 solji’en ɓen ɗee’iti keltinaako ko honoɗu fuɗɗa suutaake bannɗum laarimo. Gaɗa ɓaawo hona yimɓe Tuareq limuɓe les arduungal Ibra e tokku ɓe ɗum kultoori. Honooɓe Muhammed Bello faa’i yeeso e konu haa teeti luttuɗe ɗen ma ɗen nyaami nasru honooɗu. Gaɗa (Ɓaawo) Honaadu (Konu) Sultanjo Ali e maradi mawɗo raudi mɓe faɗɗaama nɗer ɗannɗal honaadu, amma Tuareq mawɗo Ibra e baciri kawturi ɗoggi cuuɗaake. Baawo honaaɗe Muhammed Bello e dakaje mun carkitaake nɗer Gobir paɗdi haa mɓe ɗuuɓi soppo e joowi dow fooraaki ɗun honuuɓe karatu. Un nasru eɗen hoonawal ɗeeungal nɗer taariki pooɗuuɗi nebɗi ndi fitna hakkuɗe Gobir e sokoto e mooɓaaɗe nɗe dawlaaji heentoore edow hakkilannɗe ɗi ɓe haalifaare sokoto. Muhammed Bello tiggi hebre e ribat ko gallure hewɗe nɗer geɓɓal gam woo’ina jonnɗe jam e haajannki ummatore. Diiwal Islaama nɗer hirna Afrik (1804-1903) Haaliifaare sokoto annɗiraaɗe ndwegu laamu fulɓe koɗe sultaanre ɗun sokoto un ɓe julɓe sunna haaliifaare ɗer hirna Afrik. Ɗun tiggaaɗe Usmaanu ɓii Foodi nɗer 1804 yaake ɗe Jihaadi fulɓe ɓaawo honuuki dawlaaji hawsaa’en nɗer honnaɗu fulɓe. Keerol haaliifaare ɗun nɗe wuttuɗu ɓe nɗe hannɗe nyalɗe kamerun, Burkina faso, Niijaar e Naajeeriya. Ɗum hawtiidiri wakkatire nɗe ɓe British e jaamusanko’en nasti nɗer lardu nɗun nɗer 1903 e heɓannki ɗum nɗe hebnuuki heesoo tiggaaɗe woylaare Naajeeriya hakkilanaaɗe e kamerun fuu. Mbe haaliifaare wonnɗe ɓaawo ɓe dawlaawal laamiɗo hausa’en yunfa enndude e habdai e Usmaanu bii Fodii nɗer 1902. Ɗer dokkal e noggiɓe Usmaanu e tokkuɓe mun eggi haaɗe guɗu ɗer cholte 1804. Tokkuuɓe Usmanu ngannimo mubaagisa tokkimo tiggi tuutawal ngal Usmaanu edow komanndaajo ɗum ɓe Imaanu (Amir Al-mu’minin). Heɓeeɗe 1808 ɓe haaliifaare sokoto haa eɗen kawti hakkilanngo fuu woylaare diiwe Naajeeriya lesɓe haalifaajo jowe go’ojo Ahmadu Rufai, ɓe njaahi diiwal mawgal gurtal ammbuugal e fuu haa nɗer hirnare Afrik. Ɗer 1903 mo sappo’e joowee go’ojo eɗen haaliifaajo caakitiiɗo Attahiru honaama e hitaaɗe laamu boɗeejo soljie arɗiiɓe lagguki haliifanci e waɗɗuki keerol maajun. Taariki (Anndal Kiinngal) Ɓe mawngu ɓaawal ɗerɗi lardu nɗer ƙarnuuji 17th e 18th wooɗuɓe haa ɓe ndewgu laamu bonu. Kadima rewol sigon eɗe hejjuɗe ɗun heesere ɓaawal ɗustaa ɓe ɓaawal ɗun laamu Bornu e ɗeɓe 1759 ɗum dokaaji haa rellaa hakkilanki haaɗe ɓe ɗun mawɓe gelle di bilma e huuɗooɓe ɗeɓe luumo caka sahara. Gelle mawɗe ɗeɓe jooni lattiɓe arɗu’en eɓe sakamako gurtal eɓe 1780 unɓe cuɓal politician ɗun diiwe jooɗoriiɗe ko’e mu’en nɗer lardu. Ɓe saamdude nɗe ɓe laamorɗe songhori nɗer 1591 yahi maarooko ɗembo haa hebɗuugo hoore dum ɓe cakare Bilad as-sudan, e lambawal nde hawsa’en haaliifaajee edow arɗiiɓe hausa’en fer-fere ha mawni yahifoti heɓbinki ɓe ɗuuda. Taato mawɓe mɓe alaamaaji yahi mawɓe unɓe sultaneeji ɗun Gobir, Kebbi (fuu nɗer nɗe maayo rima) e Zamfara faf nɗer hannɗe Naajeeriya. Ɗi’i dawlaaji haɓɓaneeɗe nɗer kuugal hona kaɗiɗun fuu luttuɓe musamman nɗer hoosuuɓe horɓe. Nɗer dokkal yahi hokki ɗun ɓe taɓɓutuɓe dow honuuji, mɓe ɓiihi dokaawal mawngal dow haraaji eɗer gelle maɓɓee. Ɓe lardu hakkuɗe nɗe maayo Niijaar e weeɗu chaadi un mawɗe ɗuuɗirde hawtuɗe nɗe fulɓe, hausa’en luttuɗi lasngi kongi laatiɓe too eggoyɓe yaahi nɗe jelgolngol kamani nɓe Tuareq. Fuu ɗuuɗɓe un tokkuɓe diina Islaama eɗer ƙarnuuji koɗum, haa nɗen seɗɗe tokkuɓe Imaanu pagan e jottori nɗer jelgi ɗuɗdi musamman nɗer waazu diina Islaama ɓerdake. Hawre Fulɓe Ɗe Jahaadi fulɓe nɗer hirna Afrik 1830 Usmaanu Ɓii Foodi moɗɗibo diina Isalaama e gaitinnɗo fulɓe, haa mari kuugal jannginki ekitinki e wa’azu nɗer galluje Gobir hawti e marhabu e jaɓuugo wallital hausa’en lammɓe ɗunɓe gelle. Kadima wakkatire yunfa, Almaajiri jo kiiɗo mo Usmaan Ɓii Foodi lattake Sultanjo ɗun Gobir, o sarkiti kuuɗe Ɓii Foodi kadi waaɗii mo eggol ɓaannginimo haa nɗer gudu. Yimmɓe ɗuɗɗɓe mɓicci laamu Gobir tokki Usmaanu ɓii Foodi lattiɗo kadima kawtuuɗo hessɓe tokkuɓe daga luttuɗe larduuji. Naani ree’uugo eɗe moodiibo maako kiiɗo Sultanjo yunfa noddi honawal (koonu) dun Usmaanu Foodi nɗer hitaaɗe cholte 21, 1804. Tukur Yusuf Buratai Laftanar Janarjo mawɗo nden arduujo mobgal solji'en Naajeeriya ɗun Les eejooni laminaagu ngu arduujo leydi Naajeeriya Muhammadu Buhari ɓiliimo tun nde hitaade 2015. O dañyaama e gellel Buratai gonnɗum hukuma pamarum Biu nder diiwal Borno e nyalɗe 24 dun lewru Juko hitaade ɗumngu 1960 . Gam non o latti ɓii aslu mo diiwal Borno gondun dungal Woyla faro fuunaare Naajeeriya. Hiimoɓe Miyetti Allah Kongol mobgal woynaaɓe ɗun Naajeeriya Wonnde wakkitire dun noddira MACBAN seno ba (cattle breeders association of Nigeria) Un Kongol mobgal durooɓe woynaaɓe haa nder cakaare nde faago Yeeso adunaaru Fulɓe kawtal leydi nder Naajeeriya [1] Organaciowal ngal tiggama nder nde Finannde 1970s hawti hoore jooɗorde nder diiwal Kaduna. Ɗum laatake halal maɓɓitirgal nder 1979 e mooɓuugo mawɗum jabgo edow Kongol dokkal nder 1987.[2] Miyetti Allah Kongol mobgal durooɓe gaynaaɓe ɗun Naajeeriya MACBAN Tiggude 1979 Tiggaade nokkure e Kaduna Gam wallitaki marle kowgal nde fulɓe jottoriide Kaduna,lardu Naajeeriya yewteere wolde turankoore e Fulfulde MACBAN Wakiili'en nde arduu'en ɗum kamani 100,000 feccal durooɓe e woynaaɓe nder nde lesdi Naajeeriya. Innnde Miyetti Allah ma'ana yettore jomirawo nder ɗemngal Fulfulde TAARIHI Finannde ndeesorde dun binnɓi Taariku dun Miyetti Allah un nokke,nde Bolle Taariku ede woɓɓe membaa'en sankiniiɗun yaaki nde 1960s nɗemmbo luttuɓe yaahi 1972 wakkitire tiggaade e Kaduna. Mobgal no Finannde artuuɗe nde membaa'en duuɗudbe sarkitiiɓe nder jooɗorɗe fulɓe laatiide kaajaanoore ɗun fulɓe Miyetti Allah kawtal Hore gam faago Yeeso adunaaru Fulɓe fuu gam wallitaki sakiraaɓe fulɓe e ko'e muu'en.[4] Nder hitaade ɗumngu 1970s , Organaciowal ngal ardii Les arduungal Muhammadu Sa'adu hawti e membaa'en luttuɓe nder Kaduna e diiwal filaato. Sa'adu dañyaaɗo nder Jos amma mawnuuɗo nder Kaduna un mawɗo nder kaajal wallitaki gam habgo membaa'en hesɓe jaha nasta jokkal. Hiimoɓe Rafael Orozco Maestre (1954 – 1992). Yimɓe Futa Toro (Wolof e Fula : Fuuta Tooro 𞤆𞤵𞥄𞤼𞤢 𞤚𞤮𞥄𞤪𞤮 ; Arabi: ﻓﻮﺗﺎ ﺗﻮﺭﻭ ), Futa un innde feccal sahaara ladde, lardu faroo caka doggure ɗun ɗe maayo Senegaal. Lardi ndin, nɗi fooɗiiɗi nde kheerol Senegal e Muritaani.Haa kadi ma ndiyam ndiyam e loope e haade jiiki maayo, amma nde nder ɓannɗu wuttudu lardu ndun edow haa maayo dallol un mboode jooruude,e Ñyolɗe.[1] Ndii'i lardi un nokkure Taarikuuji alaamaaji dun ɓe diiwe fulɓe, diina islaama,jihaadi daakaaje,e eggoɓe ndun fouta Djallo warbe makki daga niiha ndon.[2][3] Bille Fouta Tooro e hirna Afrik dawlaaji karnuuji c. 18th. Joogaraafiwol Fouta Tooro yaajiri kamani 400km, amma dun nokkure sewdee e yaajirka dun dow yaahi kiloteeter 20 haade jiiki nde wuttudu ɗun nde haade maayo Senegal.[4] Eɗum noddira wuttudu dungal hirnawal ngal e Tooro, nɗi cakaare e wuttudu dungal fuunaare bo kadi noddira fouta.Ndi cakaare nde nadtiri bano Bosea,Yirlaabe,Hebbyaabe,law e Haylaabe jotta. Nde fuunaare bo hawti kama Ngenar e Damga jotta.Lardu Woyla e fuuna yaahi fouta Tooro un mbuldi sahaarawal. Ɗistinoore,difuu ndi be fouta Tooro Geografiwal un nokkje ngooba jiibaawal dun leydi gam yaake haa ndi waalo waa'itaari mbuldi hannde,e nde hakkilannki ɗun Ndii'i kaayaaji nder lesdi nɗi nasabu haade yalji lammbe. Ko neeɓi nde larduuji ndin kenndake iyaaluuji fere fere hakkuɗe maɓɓe nden e rinooɓe maɓɓe ñyuuwi daga Nder maɓɓe Yeeso arduungal laamaaki yimmɓe lesdi bano kononi Siyaasaaji e neesuuji dawlawal. Taariihawol Kalmawal Fouta unde gabago'o innnde nde dokki e koɗeene larduuji joodii nder fuu,nden boo Tooro un haƙiiƙa annditirde ɗun ɓe lardu joodiibe nder,kamano nasabu daga dawlaaji kiiɗi ɗun Takrur [5] Yimmɓe dawlaaji bolwira wolde pulaar, ɗemngal fingal e mawɗe ɗemle fula mooɓuube nder hirnare Afrik daga Senegal yaahi kameroun. E mɓe annditiree gam hollinki yewteere wolde maɓɓa edow dokkade innnde Haalpulaae'en Ma'ana woldoobe Bolle pulaar. Haalpulaae'en kadi anndira banoo Toucouoeurs (Var.Tukolor), innnde nden heeɓi nasabu daga be asali diiwal dun Tekrur. Diina islaama waari nasti lardu ndun daga Finannde artuuɗe Yimmɓe Toucouoeurs jaaɓi diina islaama tunnde karnuuji 11th. [6] Dawlaaji ndin ngii'i Arduule islaama ɗuɗɗe e gaɗa ton. Diiwal Denanke (1495/1514)-1776) ngii'i asali yimmɓe hannde yimmɓe eggal fulɓe mbaaguube wicci diiwe nder Fouta Tooro e fouta Jallow haa fombina. Hiimoɓe Ife (Yorubankoɓe: Ife; ko boo Ile-Ife) un gelle kiiɗe ɗe Yorubankoɓe ɗer fombina hirna Naajeeriya. Gelle ɗen ete joɗori ɗer hanɗere ɗe e ɗer [[Diiwal Osun. Ife un kamano 218km woyla-fuuna ɗunn laage hawti e ɗuɗirka ɗun 509,813 ɗe mawɗe mawgu nder diiwal Osun e hollingo hisaago ɗun 2006.e noonuɗe ɗeɓe finnataawa ɗunɓe Yorubanko’en diinaaji Ile-Ife ɗum tiggama eɗer ɗe talkuru ɗumɓe sariyankoore jomirawo olodumare heɓeede obatala. Wilsere jenka ɓilii ɗer jooɗe juuɗe ɗun banɗirko Oduduwa fikitindo ɗun wooda hakkuɗe ɗe ɗiɗi. Oduduwa fikitinni e dynastiwol ethon e ɓiɓɓe mako bacci deɓbi e gorɗi ɗun ɗu’un jewirɗun latti mawɗe ɗun ɗun ɗuɗɗe luttuɗe laamorɗe nder leydi Yorubanko’en. Distinorde Noonude dinaaku Yorubankoɓe olodumare ɗi sariyankore jomirawo, umarnu Obatala e tiggigo ɗi dunngal lesdi amma e gonɗon laawol ko ɗaatal mo teefoyi njaaram ɗon wine ɗen mo yariɗam ɗon wannayimo illu ɗe’eɓo ɗi sakiraɓe banɗiraɓe maako ɗunɗi ɓaawoɗon oduduwa, hooci taatije haajeji ɗun tiggugo gaɗa maako, nyenti les gaɗa ɗun teɗɗirka ɗun e sooɗere e feeruki e heɓingo jungo ɗun ɗimgal lesdi ɗiɗun heeda e weedu, ɗin watti e cockerel e maajun gam ɗun semɓirɗina ɗi dunngal lesdi ɗun mo tiggi ɗi leydi ɗun ɗon Ile-Ife nyiiɓaɗumm. Oduduwa gurral e lekkol kol ɓikkol e nder ɗin ɗukkol nder heesere tiggude lesdi e gaɗa laawi maago e wonde hauti e sappo’e jeweego’o wijjaade e alaamuje wakiltiiɗe ɗeɗun monarto ɗun ɗi artude gelle Ife diiwal. Makurɗi unɗe kapital ɗun Diiwal Benuwe jottori ɗer caka Naajeeriya, e wuttuɗu ɗun ɗe cakare fiigo ɗun caka Naajeeriya. Ɗe gelle ɗen e jottori lesɗe fombina bankiwal ɗun ɗe maayo Benue. Ɗer 2016 Makurɗi ɗen e gelle piititinɗeɗum geɓɓe haa mari ƙiyastaago ɗuuɗirka ɗun 365,000. Taarihawal (Distinore) Makurɗi tiggama ɗer 1927. Ɗer 1976, ɗun lattake ɗe kapital ɗun diiwal Benue. Ɗu’un de gelle un go’o ɗun ɗe sitewal ɗun ɓe end sars kabɗooɓe ɗer 2020. Alƙalamaaji Ɗuuɗirka De mawɗe lasgo kongi unɗe Tiv, Idoma, Igede, Jukun, Wurkum, Agatu, Etulo, Alagbo, Igbo, Yorubankoɓe, Hawsare, Fulɓe, e Nupe. Njannde (Ndjannde) Makurɗi un wuro ɗu njangirde diiwal Benuwe. Jangirɗe ɗun ndeemal, Makurɗi, jangirɗe soljien ɗen enjineer ɗer Makurɗi e jaangirɗe Politekniwol Akawa Torkuta ATP, Makurɗi. Den e janngirɗe firamare e secondarie jottoride ɗer Makurɗi mastirni e hukuma janngirɗe ɗe secondarie woyla bankiwol keeriiɗum taayaaka mawɗe sakandarere jangirɗe, lakolwal tilley gyado, woyla bankiwol. Mount Saint Gabriel Secondarere jottoji janngirɗe hukuma diiwal ɗe rowɓe ma no ɗoro woodi haa jipporɗe pirooje ɗer Makurɗi. Soljien Makurɗi e woodi joɗorɗe ɗun ɓe Naajeeriya soljien kakkilanoɓe kono dow e sepecial jaguar hanndu taggo squadronwal eɗe soljien leydi ɗun keeriiɗun kuugal ɗun 72 (SF) bataliyyaji. Ndeemal Diiwal Benue un anndiraagas demal geɓɓal keeriiɗunjima ɗer aaweeteeɗun cooreeteeɗum e nyaameeteeɗum aawaaɗum. Areeji Lesdi= Kaa’yye eɗuuɗe e keɓe ɗer geɓɓal ngal. Minna un gelle (ƙiyastaaɗe ɗuuɗirka 304,113 ɗer 2007) ɗer cakaare fiigo nobeerya ɗum nɗe kapital Diiwal Nayja goɓo ɗer diiwe 36 ɗun Naajeeriya. E ɗum haa mari lasgi ɗiɗi mawɗe kongi ɓe gɓaggi e ɓe Nupe. Taarihawol (Distinore) Archeologiwol chaidu hollini nyiɓɓle ɗer ɗe geɓɓal nyalɗe ɓaawo yari kamano 47,000-30,000 ɗungu caalingu. Finnde julɓe nostea ɗerɗum minna e ɗatal ɗun ɓe naanano soggooɓe luumo ɓe ɓaawo, ɗen e gelle ɗen emari woodi juulirɗe ɗuɗɗe hawta ɗaa e juulirɗe mawɗe ɗer gelle minna hawtuɗe julɓe baano ɓe jannde julɓe ngoonnga, minna, njanngooɓe julɓe geɓɓal naajurgu minna (MSSN-MNAC) Da’awatu-ilallahi-wa-Rasulihi Associo (DAWRA), e ko luttifof. Shari’aji law un ɗun kautiral kiristannkore wo tokkuɗe ɗiɗawre mawɗe duuɗuɗe ɗer diiwal Neeijaar e hawti no janngirɗe nastire Imaanu churchwal de Greece Baptist, Nupe kalsari church anglican churchwal, Ecwa, Baptist victery ɓe churchwal mawgal e ɗuɗɗe luttuɗe. Minna un wuro diiwal mo kiiɗo arɗiiɗo lesdi Naajeeriya wakkati laamu solja Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida e arɗuujo Abdulsalami Abubakar, Dr. Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu un Govnaajo kiiɗo ɗer diiwal Neeijaa jogooriɗo laamu haa ko no ɗuuɓi jowee tati (2007-2015). Abubakar Sani Bello unɗe jooni kanko woni ngomnajo Diiwal Nayja jaɓuuɗo ɗun gaɗa gonnɗo maako mo partiwal PDP Mu’azu Babangida Aliyu nastuuɗo hitaaɗe ɗiɗawre e ofiswol nder laamu Diiwal Nayja. Nassiji Kontagora un e mawgal gallure unɗe fombina bankiwal ɗuunɗe maago juggol ɗer woyla hirna Diiwal Nayja, Naajeeriya. Ɗum un ɗe kapital gelle ɗun ɗe laamorɗe Kontagora. Ɗe ngomnaajo diiwal Nayja kontagora o wurtooyi. Ɗe bowtal 15, 1995 ɗe chorchwal Roman catholic vicanata ɗun kontagora ɗun tiggama Thona ɗo’o. St Michael’s churchwal un jooɗorɗe ɗun ɗe apostolicwol vicar (churchwal vicar). Nassiji Kutigi unɗe gelle ɗer cakare Naajeeriya, keerol e Bida, makwao e woyla ɗun ɗe maayoo Nayja. Ɗe wuttuɗu lesdi un fuu labɗum hauti moɓbge nyolɗeeji (kooseeje) hawti inaare fuuɗo (geenee) e lekkol (leɗɗe. Ɗum unɗe hore hawtirɗe ɗun hukuma pamarun maungu lavun nder Diiwal Nayja, Naajeeriya. Ɗu’un un ɗe inaare jottiiɗe der lavun hawtiɗe jogiraafiwal jokke haa 9`12`0 woyla, 5`36`0 fuuna e ɗum asli innde (hawti-noɗɗira) un kutiigi un bolwirooɓe ɗe Nupe mawnga. Reflist Karu un ɗe gelle mawɗe nder caka Naajeeriya. De galliol mangu un mawɗum jottorɗe nder ɗi Diiwal Nasarawa, Naajeeriya, amma hawti goɗɗ ɓalli gonnɗi ɗi keerol ɗunɗe hautirɗe hore ɗin laamorɗe lesdi Naajeeriya (FCT). Ɗum haa e mawgu baa 40,000 hectaaji (40km2) e ɗuuɗirka haa konoo ɗun milliyanji ɗiɗi (2). Ɗum gelle jaawuɗe e mawngu ɗer ɗe duniyaru hawti a yawɗu ba ha hollinki 40% parcewol bindaagal ɗeppa koɗume ɗumngu. Ɗum haa mari gelleji baano paaɗeyeeso ebano sakamaako ɗun hollinɗe maugu gelle ɗun Abuja. Daga hirna yaari fuuna mawngu ɗun ɗer gelle baanoo kurunɗuma kesun nyanga, mararaba, kosun, karu, ado, masake, e heesere. Yawnuruɗe mawngu gelle kaabano go’o gimɗo chion (goonnɗum ko mardoori ko ɗuuɗuri milliyanji go’o yimmɓe heesere harshi e wuro zakaru. Tun ɗi faɗdugo dun ɗe ƙarnuwal sappoɗe ɗiɗi (20) ɗumton lellol woodi mawngu fottuɗuugo yaaɗuki eɗer e jaajuuɗe gelle e mawgu hawtirɗe luumo caka Naajeeriya. Taariku (Distinore) Ɗer ɗi 1970, ɗum ɗe yummti so’itinki kapitawal Naajeeriya gada laagos ko yaari cakare leydi. De sitewal nastini ɗun ɗe heesere (keesal) kapital eɗun ɓurɗi e haaɗe e chiel ngel gaɗɗun latti ɗe hannde karu maungu, ɗun de joogori ɗuuɗirɗe ɗun musamman ɗun caka ƙararrawal Naajeeriya. Ɗer ɗi 1980, hukumare Naajeeriya fuɗɗi so’itirka kuuɗemun ɗita e Abuja e lesde puɗɗi loortinki ambassadaji (jakadaaji) Thona. De jawdi ɗe leyde hirna Afrik ɗun diiwe hirnare Afrik ɓaangiini hawtirɗe hore muɗum e Abuja e ECOWAS e OPEC sottina warti ɗo’o. Kumariya un e gelle jottirɗe ɗer Gashuwa, Diiwal Yobe, Naajeeriya. Lafiya un gelle ɗer woyla cakare Naajeeriya. Ɗum ɗe kapital gelle ɗun Diiwal Nasarawa, Naajeeriya ɗen haa e ɗuuɗiri ɗun 330,712 jooɗiɓe e hollinka limgal hisaago 2006 sakamako. Ɗum un ɗi gelle ɓurɗe mawgu ɗer diiwal Nasarawa. Taariku (Distinorɗe) Lafiya, haaɗumma annɗira ba lafiyan ɓare-ɓari, un ɗi kapital gelle ɗun diiwal Nasarawa cakawal Naajeeriya. Tiggaago ɗe Muhammadu Dunama ɗer saliigo ƙarniiwal 17th ɗun ɗe sitwal ɗun mo koro (migili) chiun. Ɗe aslu koro egguɓe fommbinaare yaahi agyaragu, anise eko lutti etc. Ɗe gelle ɗen jonta haa woodi lamɗo mo sappoe jowee ɗiɗijo ɗer mo gimɗo ɗun o hon. Adalijo Sidi Baga Muhammad I JSC rtd. Lafiya lattake ɗe kapital ɗun ɗe faruuɗeyeeso famre mauɗere ɗer ɗe ƙarniiwal saaliɗe ɗe 19th. Baatal ɗe arɗungal ɗun Muhammad Agwai (1881-1903), luumo lafiya lattake ngo muhimma ɗer ɗe Benue sooɗooɓe e sara maɓbitaago e loko (56mi) (90km) fombina hirna e maayo Benue geheere. Nder 1903 ɓe British (laamu boɗejo) wakkatire ɓe kakkilanta woylare Naajeeriya annɗinii lamiɗo Musa e lamido lafiya artuudo. Ɗe 1967 laamorde ɗen mawɗe ɓannɗu ɗen ɓe lafiya kennɗiɗi ɗun hokkorɗe Benue-Plateau diiwee ɗer 1976 ɗun lorteraake jottori Diiwal Pilato. Nassiji Ikeja unɗi hore gelle mawɗe hawtirɗe Diiwal Laagos, Naaajeeriya nder fombina hirna Naajeeriya. Ɗuuɗirka maaje yaari kam baano un 313,196 e hisaago 2006. Ɗi mobgal laamu solji’en e nduungu 1980, Ikeja un bonnɗe inaare siryaɗe labɗe e dee’uutude joɗiiɗe e sororɗe e sooɗore gelle hawti e hagooji haaje, mooɗe resorde, e hukumare kakkalinare nyolojun geɓɓal eɗun footi 10.5milji (17km) woyla hirna ɗi gelle Laagos. Ɗi Murtala Muhammad Jipporde Pirooje e ɗe joɗoori e nder gelle ɗen. Ikeja un haa ɗembo wuro ngo femikutis Afrik chrinwal e lagba jay inna leydi fuu garol mo jonderɗe yimirɗe. (Gimol) malwal gelle Ikeja kangal ke malwal jaaigal e ɗe diiwal laagos luttuɗe leydi Ikeja haa ɗembo e woodi wuro hukukkaki hasaruji, yollujii fuu nder bolle Biritinkeejum (Eko FM) e nder Yoruba (Radio Laagos). Distinorɗe Ikeja ɗemɓe un artuɗun noɗdira Ikeja inde ɓaawo ɗe dieti ɗunɗi awori yimɓe Ota. Un ɗun artuɗun furtu nyibgal ngal heɓeere yimɓe owori e ɗi aeriel nyeegugo haa saiɗe ƙarnuwal 19th. Suɓaka nder ɗi ƙarnuwal 20th ɗe lattake inaare demirle (remirɗe) feɗirɗe ɗe leydi laagos. Ɗi omtirɗe (maɓɓitirɗe) ɗun ɗi laagos-Ibadan laawal jirgiwal ndiiyam nder 1901 e ɗi mawnir ɗun laagos eɗow gehere hennɗore ɗe Ikeja ender joɗirɗe e luumorde henɗitade ɗun ɗeton gelle ɗen. Nder ɗi caaka 1960 ɗe luumorde (sana’are) dewre un tiggude ender 1976 Ikeja lattake gelle mawɗe jonderɗe diiwal laagos. Hukumare E Nyiɓdi Ɗi famardi huwirɗe hore hawtirɗe ɗun Ikeja un jooɗori hawti Ikeja hukuma pamarun hawte. Eɗun junie 2019 ɗi chiamanjo (mawɗo) ɗun Ikeja hukuma pamarun un Engr. Mojeed Balogun. Nassiji Ikirun un gelle nder Diiwal Osun, Naajeeriya. Un ɗe hore hawtirɗe ɗun hukuma pamaarun Ifelodun Barkery. Un inaare ɗistinorɗe hiiɗe gelle heɓiraɗe aslu gaɗa innɗe mawɗo arɗiɗo gelle ɗen noɗɗiraɗo Akinorum. Basetan un mo artuɗe tigguɗo e nyiɓuɗo eɗe nyalde hanɗe ɗi Ikirun. Un mo ganhoowo e nder goote wanchorde maako yilarde e lattiɗun haa nder saareji goɗɗi nyiɓleɗe haaɗe nder Igbo irete hoore ɗi heɓeeɗe Akinorun. Basetam heiɗi e Akinaru ɗen tokkimo nder ɗe hanɗe ɗe Ikirun. Gam kowaaɗi sabo’e basetan o ganchoowo mogillotoɗo e ko fooɗiti woɗdi ɓaadaki. E mo waala balɗe e balɗe mo wartaayi wuro e moton e mo ganchar e nder ɗi hakkilanki sobirawo maako Akinorun hawti e anɗirawo ejonɗe ballitowo mo. Joogaraafiwol Joɗorɗe Ikirun un joɗorɗe nder ɗi woyla-fuuna ɗun diiwal Osun ɗun Naajeeriya. Nder Osun woyla-fuuna feccugol. Eɗun joɗori hawu e lattitude 7 degreewal ƙosɗe 50 waɗun equator e longitude 7 degreewal ƙosɗe fuuna ɗun ɗi greenwhich meridian. Ɗi gelle un joɗorɗe nder e nokku hakkunɗe baamleɗili filtinɗe heɓeeɗe ɗiɗi nyoule obagun/gbogi ɗi nyolɗe eɗi woyla e aefo ɗi nyolɗe eɗi fombina. Ɗi haasare (hayre) alaroka e idiɗo un eɗi fuuna. Ikirun un caakare joɗoɗe nder ɗi feccugol woyla fuuna Osun ɗun diiwal Osun. Eɗun waadi keerol ɗeɗi woyla heɓaɗe ɗi gelle inisa ɗe nder hukumare pamarde odo’otin ariyaji e ɗita fombina ɗun Osogbo ɗi diiwal Osun mawɗe. Nassiji Musa Bihi Abdu (Somaaliya: Muuse Biixi Cabɗi, larabankore) (ɗaygo 1948 nder hargeisa, Biriteenkeejum; Somaaliyaanko’en, hannɗe leydi Somaaliya) un mo cuɓal leydi Somaaliya (siyasa) e soljijo (jannɗarmaajo) neɓɗo kiiɗo lattiɗo arduujo lesdi Somaaliya tunde bowtal 2017. Yaake de 1970s o lattake fooɗoowo pirooje ender taaɗuungal kakkilanooɓe dow les ɓe siad. Barre huuutirɗe nder 2010, Bihi hollaama o chiajo ɗun ɗe zartinki hukuma kulmiye ɗun Republicia ɗe Somaaliya. Nder jolal 2015, Bihi suɓtaama edow tefoowo jondergal laamu lesdi ɗe jowoɓe caka comitiiwal kawtuingal. Ɗe 21 jolal 2017 Musa Bihi taɓɓitinaama dow arduuje keɓdo laamu leydi Somaaliya ɗe 13 bowtal 2017. Daannyorɗe Maako Musa Bihi dannyaama nder ɗe relluɓe galihu ɗun hargeisa nder 1948, den ɓanndu ɗunɓe British Somaaliya hakki lonorde. Ohalartake janngirɗe sekandare Amoud inaare emo timmini ɗaga nder 1970. He attended Amoud Secondary School, which he graduated from in 1970. Kuugal Solja O nasti kuugal solja ɗun dow leydi Somaaliya nder 1970 e foreeki ekkite e lattaki otisaajo mawɗo nder hawtirde soviet haasai 1973 inaare wakkati heɓgo digiri ɗiɗire daga janngirɗe ekkitaaki fooɗuuki pirooje (Pilot) nder dushanbe, de nyalde hannde Tajikistan. Haano timminki holliteeki o joynaama nder huuwirɗe firooje nder baledogle baidoa ɗen a jam eno joɗorɗe pirooje nder Mogadishu. He attended Amoud Secondary School, which he graduated from in 1970. Daga 1981 yari 1985 Musa Bihi heeɓi jabgo hollitirded solji’en nder de Amerika (USA) Hawti E Wright-Patterson Air Force Base haaɗe dayton, ohio daga 1981 yari 1982 ɗen e fort lee nder virginia daga 1983 yari 1985. Nder 1985 o wurtake daga ɓe solji’en Somaaliya o tokki ɓe rebel Somaaliya lusinki leydi bi’aɗun (National Movement) (SNM) ton o wallite hebgo nasru faro teetuugo lesdi daga jungo woɓɓo haake ɗe konu leydi Somaaliya ɗun hebtuugo hore nder 1991. Daga 1985 yari 1988 Bihi jogake wuttudu nder pulku nastiral koonu guerrilla omtirak pulku lesde SNM haake ɓe leydi Somaaliya konu hebtuugo hoore haajoni ɗe siad barre hawtuɗe haasai 1990, Bihi jogake komandaajo koɗum jonodooɗum e siyasa ɗen e jogaaki ministaajo nder wurob les arduujo jippiɗo Muhammad Haji Ibrahim egal der 1994. Kuuɗe Siyaasa Somaaliya Democratic Republic Daga 1973 yari 1985 Musa Bihi o nanngi manngu jondergal nder ɗe hukumare ɗe lesdi Somaaliya nastiri ɗe hoore ɗun ɓe hollitooɓe wuttuɗu ɗuɓe solji’en dow Somaaliya ambassado’en nder washington. Gunnuki Egal Ɓaawo ɗe booytal e taɓɓital hebtuugo hore leydi Somaaliya nder 1991, Col. Musa Bihi Abdi fiji e gamol bodgal faro nder hawtuki hare leydi yahirgo ɗun ɓe Somaaliya nder Buroa, Berbera, Sheek e Barama. Nder 1993, Bihi lattake ministaajo kakkilanoowo nder leydi nder arɗuungal kiiɗo Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal’s hukuma. Gunnuki Silanyo Nder 2010, Bihi lattake chiamanjo ɗun Somaaliya partiwal kulmiye, ɓaawo hebgo e dow ballitowo chiaman ɗun partiwal ngal daga 2008. Nder 2015, Bihi hollinaama subtaama eɗe partiwal tefowo arɗuungal laamu leydi les kulmiye nder ɗe cuɓal nayaaɓal 2017 arɗuungal laamu lesdi. Cubal Arɗuungal Leydi Ɗe 2017, ɗun wati cuɓe e arɗugal gatagal ɗe 13 jolal 2017, nder 21 jolal 2017 Bihi hollinaama edow keɓdo nasru lattaki arɗuujo Somaaliya. Arɗuungal Musa Bihi Abdi o nasti ofiswal nder ɗe jowi 15th arduujo ɗun lesdi republic Somaaliya de 13 bowtal 2017 nder kapital Hargersa hawti halartiɓe daga Ethopia, Djibouti, ɓe hawtuɗe yuroopu eɓe hawtuɗe lamumu UK nder caiɗiiɓe halartiɓe. Banninkeejum Margo Musa Bihi mo mari rowɓe ɗiɗo e bacci jowee ɗiɗi, tato bacci ngordi e nayo bacci ɗeɓɓi. Nassiji Bauchi (finnaɗe Yakubu) un gelle der woyla fuuna Naajeeriya, ɗen mawɗe hawtirɗe Diiwal Bauchi ɗunɗe hukuma pamarun geɓal diiwal Bauchi hawti e ɗenton diiwal e finnataware laamorde Bauchi. E ɗe joɗori eta waylare nastirɗe Jos, Diiwal Pilato e ɗun e toɗowwari ɗun hukuma pamarun ɗun yankiwol hawti yankije geɓɓe ɗun 3,687km2 ɗen haa e woodi ɗuuɗirka yimɓe baano 493,810 nder 2006. Bauchi un bano egoɗuɗe eɗun woodi hukumaji pamari geɓi sappoje ɗiɗi (20) geɓɓe ɗe diiwal Bauchi: Bauchi, Tafawa Balewa, Dass, Toro, Bogoro, Ningi, Warji, Ganjuwa, Kirfi, Alkaleri, Darazo, Misau, Giade, Shira, Jama’are, Katagum, Itas/Gadau, Zaki, Gamawa, e Dambam. Distirnorɗe Gelle ɗen ɗe Yakubu tiggi eta gimɗo biaɗo Yakubu Ibn Dadi mo pullo artuɗo jogiɓo tutawal ngal mo hokka eta laamu Sokoto. Inɗe ɗen heɓama e asku gaɗa wanshoɓe noɗdiraɓe Baushe hamɓe ɗokki Yakubu shaworiji mo nyiɓa gelle eta hirna haire ko nyolde warinje. Nder wuitoyki Yakubu hooy alkawal noddan ki inɗe gelle muɗun gaɗa ɗun wanshoɓe. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa un uwiimo ender gelle ɗen ɗenbo ɓe yankari jipporde leydi un 110km gaɗa ɓe gelle mawɗe diiwal ngal gelle ɗen ɗe jokkotiri eɗun laawol piroje jippotoɗe leydi Port=harcourt yaari Maiduguri lawol yibgol suudu labrie reosrde diiwal Bauchi ɗun hebniigal nder ɗumgu 1976. Nder julie 2009 hongo ngoɓe Boko Haram tokkiri e nanguuki woɓɓe memba’en sakamako yimɓe 50 faɗɗama e ɓurɓe 100 nangama. Ɓaawo ɗun 2014 ɗun wujjii jangoɓe chibok ɓurɓe jangoɓe 200 ɗun sottinoyiɓe hawtirɗe mawɗe hukuma jangirɗe rouɓe Bauchi. Ɓe ɗuuɗirka ɗun gaɗa hawtirɗe jangirɗe hukuma ɗun rouɓe potiskum diiwal Yobe. Jahaaleeji Bauchi ngal ɗun anɗiri ɗun tun asli e gelle shuuɗe mokiɗe 762mm (2ft 6inch) foɗigal laawol jippotoɗe girgije amma ɗu’un ɗun kautaɗun ɓaawo ɗon aunaɗun ba 1,067mm 93ft 6in). Ɗau haiɗe Augustie 2014 Bauchi heɓin jipporde piroje eɗun joɗori nder gelle ɗen jeddadawal laawol firro kutiri unɗe soytiiraa (wuitina) eɗun inaare nyibaɗe heseere nde modibbo Abubakar Tafawa Balewa jipporde piroje ɗe duniyaru 23km teerje (14mi) eta woyla Bauchi haade e gelle sare durum. Yanaaayiji E mo wiigo ɗunɓe koppon yanayiji tsaru hawtugo Bauchi ewodi inaare wulɗe (gulɗe) rammitina aw e yanayiwol tutaje. Nassiji Ɓatagarawa un hukuma pamarun geɓal nder Diiwal Katsina, Naajeeriya. Hawtirɗe mare e ɗe nder gelle ɗe Ɓatagarawa.. Distinorɗe Un ɓe ɗuuɗiri yimɓe hawsa’en ɗen e gelle den unɗe mawɗe ɓe mallamawa gasiwol nder lamarɗe Katsina waila hirna diiwal ngal hukuma pamarun ɗun tiggima nder nduungu 1991. E ɗun haa maari geɓɓe ɗun 433km2 e ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 184,575 e hissaago 2006. Lambawal google anɗinirgal geɓɓe ɗen biagal poa code un 820. Joogaraafiwol Hukuma pamarun yankiwal hawti e mobtaɗe yankiwal leydi ɗun 433 squarewal kilometeer e woɗuuki e yanayi ngulɗun ɓanɗu ɗun 35`c (95f) henɗu yaadu ender yankiwal un ƙiyastake eba 5km/h ɗenɓo ɗun gulɗun. Nassiji Kalaba (ka ɗembo e hollina ba Kallaba, Kalabari, Kalbari e Kalabar) un ɗe hawtirɗe mawɗe Diiwal Kuroos Ribas, Naajeeriya ɗe inɗe maare artuɗe Akwa Akpa e nder Efik. Gelle ɗen eɗe pottidi Kalaba e maayo Great kwo ɗistinorɗe inɗe Kuroos Riba (gaɗa nder leydi Delta). Kalaba un ɗembo hollinama ɓaano hawtirɗe mawɗe Naajeeriya musamman ɓano e heɓanki kuuɗe wakkatire lamu arɗugal Donald Duke (1999-2007) mo lattini gelle ɗen laaɓuɗe e jonderɗe sobira ɓe yimɓe gelle nder Naajeeriya. Arɗu gaɗe gelle ɗen ɗun hasama ɗiɗi Kalaba gelle e Kalaba fombina hukuma pamarun geɓɓal eɗun wodi shiyawal koyaari 406sqkm e ɗuuɗirka yimɓe 371,022 e hisago 2006. Distinorɗe Duke gelle churchiwal, Kalaba ƙarnu shali ɗun 19th Kalaba un yimɓe portigol tokaniɓe Kalaba linyutuɓe gaɗa ɗe ƙarnuwal 15th eɗe lasgi ɗun ɗu’un nder guttuli ɗi Guinea hunɗuko weeɗu wakkatire ɗeɓe ngari inaare ɗeɓe joɗi e jinsiwal unɓe. Ɗun waɗayi fottugo haiɗe ɓe artuɓe guttuli ɗi ƙarnu 18th ɗunɓe yimɓe Efik siryi koonuu hawti eɓe ibibio, ɓaagol gaɗa ɗe wonɗoɓe ɓe maayo Naaijeer yaari eɗe ɗun Kalaba. Ɗun nder 1884 yalde sappo ɗe september, Queen Victoria waɗi jungo timmingo hakkilanki hawtie lamu e mawɓe ɓe nder Akwa Akpa anɗaaɗe ɓe yuroopu dun Kalaba kiidun ɗen laamu ɗun ɗun banbantake ɓe eɗun Kalaba kesun eta faaro fuuna. Ɗun’un ɗun hokki daama ɗe hawtirɗe laamu e huuwa eko ɓuri nder koɗeme gelle nder Kalaba un ɗun hore hawtirɗe ɗe ɓe yimɓe yuroopu hutirde ender Naaijeer Delta haasai 1906 wakkatire jondergal laamu soyti ɓaggi Laagos. Nassiji Birnin Kebbi un gelle eɗe jooɗori nder hirna wayla Naajeeriya. Un gelle mawɗe ɗe diiwal Kebbi e hore hawtirɗe ɗeɗun laamorɗe Gwandu e 2007 gelle ɗen ɗun ƙiyastake ɗuuɗirka maaje bano 125,594 yimɓe. Kebbi un diiwal fulɓe hawsa’en hawti e Islama kanjum wooni diina mawɗun. Un hawtirɗe mawɗe ɗe ɓe laamorɗe Kebbi ɗe ɗun ɗarni jonderɗe Argungu ɓaawo ɓe ɗun wadgo Gwandu nder 1831. Inaare Nyaunuki (Asibitije) Birnin Kebbi e woodi asibitiji ɗuɗɗi e jaunir ɗe goɗde ɗen ɗe tiggama gaɗa koɗun hepta hore Naajeeriya gaɗa juɗe lamu boɗejo. Mislu banoo asibitiwal kiigal nder Birnin Kebbi un tiggaɗu emo modibbo Yahaya memorial asibitiwal hawtirɗe nyauɗirɗe ɗen bo haa eɗun woodi e Birnin Kebbi. Luttuɗe joɗoriɓe koemuueen asibitije ender haa: Godiya asibitiwal Birnin Kebbi Salima asibitiwal joɗorigal hore mun Medical centre foundation Geografie Mago sokoto (weɗu) Birnin Kebbi eɗun joɗori e haaɗe mayo Sokoto e un jokkiɗiri eta laawi yaari argungu (45km waila fuuna), Jega (35km fombina-fuuna) e Bunza (45km fombina-hirna) ɗen e gelle ɗen un gelle ɗe lasgi kongol fulɓe. Jahaaleeji Gelle ɗen u joɗoɗi e Sir (modibbo) Ahmadu Deka jipporɗe piroje ɗe duniyaru. Benen gelle un ɗe mawɗe e jajuuɗe gelle ɗe diiwal Edo nder fombinare Naajeeriya un gelle ɓurɗe jajirka nayorje nder Naajeeriya ɓaawo laagos, Kano, e Ibadan hawti e ɗuuɗirka baɗun 1,782,000 ɗun 2021. Eɗun joɗori rammitinaɗe 40km (25mi) waila ɗunɓe Benen maayo e 320km (200mi) ɗun laawol fuuna ngol laagos. Gelle Benen un shakare heɓirɗe rooba e wurtinki neɓɓan hanjumma eɗun lumarɗe. Gelle ɗen un goɗuɗa muhimma nyible ɗeɓe Edo lamorɗe ɗun Benen keɓnaɗun waɗgo ender ƙarnuji 13 yaari 19. Eɓe shaɓɓodi e muhimma lumoo hawti eɓe protugal waɗago e ƙarnuji shakitiɗe koɗun wurtina ɗun e wuula nder 1897 arɗugal Britanko’en lamiɓe tokkirɓe lamorɗe Benen gaɗa ɗon lattina laamu boɗejo Naajeeeriya. Distinorɗe Yimɓe Edo Eles yaari finnaatawa ɓe furtu yimɓe e tigguɓe lamorɗe Edo ɗen eɓe yimɓe Edo unɗe yahiroɓe laamu Oyo (oduduwa tanirawo ɓiɗdo oranmiya) noɗdiraɓe daulaji Ibaranko’en igodomigoodo. Igodo artuɗo ogiso sanyuugo motokkuɓe ɗubbe ɗau arɗujo ɓoɗdo mo soyti ɓawo e jutuuɗun shiyajamu ɗen mo sotti ere jaɓi un ɓiɗdo maako mawɗo. E ɗanɗal semɓe haaɗe hawre hakkuɗe ɗeɓbo mo ɗun kiiɗo ogiso e kore lamiɗo mo jooni ekalanderhan mo ɗeɓbo Abba Idi ɗen mayuɗo hollina eɗun ɗun lili woɓɓe paɗɗamo ɗen ɓe kuɓiniimo e ughoton ɗeɓbo sakiti inɗe muɗum e izoduwa ma’ana miheeɓi heptaago. Wakkatire ɗen ɗun rellirani Benen dotti’en arɗe e arɗugal mawɗo oliha, gaɗɗo tetgo wurtinki princie Ekala nder ha mo yimɓe Ife noɗɗirta jooni oduduwa. Buguma un gelle mawɗe nder Diiwal Ribas, Naajeeriya. Un hore hawtirɗe ɗunɓe Asari-turu hukuma pamarun shiyawol e laamorɗe Kalabari e diiwal finnaatawajun Naajeeriya. Gelle ɗen eɗe ngoodi ofiswal gurtinowal e mawɗun siryaɗun luumo sorirɗe liyyi siryaɗun ɗun hukuma diiwal. E jooni inaare anɗaɗe un jonderɗe chiamanjo mo hukuma pamarun ɗun Buguma gelle ɗen un hore hawtirɗe, un Hon. (Amb) Onengiyeotori George (star boy) Unɗe un wuro anɗaaɗo lamiɗo Amachree ɗunɓe laamorɗe Kalabari. Nder 1983 Buguma un ɗiiɗaago gelle ngo ɓe hukuma ɗun Melford Okilo e ɗunton noɗun joɗori sarkit haa jooni yalɗe. Yimɓe Andaaɓe Hiiɗa Dokubo Taribo West Tam David-West Rex Lawsen Nassiji Sanusi Lamido Sanusi Mou danyamo 31 lewru morse 1961 o janja adinin,en Khalifa sanusi,eii jogabajo toe Africa oon Tijjaniya lysidi Naajeeriya eii wanii lamorde Dabo Diiwal Kano dou eriminmo woroo Ado Bayero toh yari gwamna kano sadda lewru 9 sedto 2020.