diff --git "a/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_110.txt" "b/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_110.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_110.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,10000 @@
+“Good work,” the well groomed woman says.
+“You’ll need to keep him fully sedated,” Shaw warns.
+Lisa looks at the doctor with her and nods. As the others look on helplessly, they wheel Ambrose away. Mill follows them. They take to their headquarters in Lake District. There is nothing he can do about it.
+A very large check deposited in the company accounts.
+Recent | Performances | Premieres| Awards
+R e c e n t
+2014 Tanglewood Festival of Contemporary Music performance of String Quartet No. 1, July 19, 2014
+Brevard Music Center composer-in-residence, summer 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 (July 14 - Aug. 3)
+Bogliasco Foundation Fellowship - Liguria Study Center for the Arts and Humanities (Bogliasco, Italy), Feb.-Mar. 2013
+Guest Conductor, League of Composers Orchestra, NYU, May 7, 2012
+American Academy of Arts and Letters, Arts & Letters Award, 2011
+Heckscher Foundation-Ithaca College Composition Prize, 2011
+Guest Composer, DAM International Festival of Young Composers, Prishtina, Kosovo, March 31-April 2, 2010
+Guest Composer, Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival, July, 2009
+Yaddo Residency, May 2008
+Sam Houston State University Contemporary Music Festival Guest Composer, April 16-19, 2008
+Copland House Residency, February 2008
+John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship, 2007-2008
+MacDowell Colony residencies: February 2006 and November/December 2007
+Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra Composition Competition, 1st prize, 2007
+Djerassi Colony residency, May/June, 2007
+Ball State University New Music Festival Guest Composer, April 19-21, 2007
+2005-2006 Meet the Composer/American Symphony Orchestra League Music Alive Composer in Residence, Green Bay Symphony Orchestra
+WGBH featuring three works in Art of the States
+(send an email to be listed here)
+Shadow Dance | Michigan State University Wind Ensemble, John T. Madden, East Lansing, MI, Sept. 23, 2014
+Kukulkan II | Syzygy Ensemble, Melbourne Recital Centre, Australia, Sept. 18, 2014
+Snake Alley | Brevard Sinfonia, JoAnn Falletta, Brevard, NC, Aug. 2, 2014
+String Quartet No. 1 | Tanglewood Festival of Contemporary Music, July 19, 2014
+Snake Alley | Oregon Symphony, Carlos Kalmar, Portland & Eugene, OR, May 17/18/19, 2014
+It Is Above That You And I Shall Go | Berlin PianoPercussion Berlin, Germany, April 29, 2014
+Labyrinth | Peabody Conservatory Contemporary Ensemble, Harlan Parker, March 12, 2014
+Shadow Dance | Musashino Academy of Music Wind Ensemble, Terry Austin, Tokyo, Japan, Dec. 15 & 17, 2013
+Brass Quintet | Tucson Symphony Brass Quintet, Tucson, AZ, Nov. 3, 2013
+Nine Fragments | Eva Legene, recorder; Tatsuya Muraishi, violin; Masayuki Maki, harpsichord; Queen's College, NY, Oct. 15, 2013
+Nine Fragments | Eva Legene, recorder; Tatsuya Muraishi, violin; Masayuki Maki, harpsichord; IU Auer Hall, Oct. 12, 2013
+Snake Alley | U. of S. Carolina Wind Ensemble, Scott Weiss, CBDNA National Conference, Greensboro, NC, March 23, 2013
+Double Black Diamond | Atlantic Classical Orchestra, Stewart Robertson, March 7 & 8, 2013
+Wintu Dream Song | Fulcrum Point, Stephen Burns, Chicago, Sept. 11, 2012
+Double Black Diamond | USC Contemporary Ensemble, Donald Crockett, Oct. 8, 2012
+Shadow Dance | Brevard Music Festival Orchestra, Keith Lockhart, Aug. 5, 2012
+Snake Alley | Sam Houston State University Wind Ensemble, Matthew McInturf, Texas CBDNA, Mar. 30, 2012
+Kukulkan II | ONIX ENSAMBLE en la Sala Nezahualcoyotl, Mexico, Mar. 27, 2012
+Labyrinth | IU New Music Ensemble, David Dzubay, Feb. 2, 2012
+Sonata for Cello and Piano | Mark Votapek (vc) and John Milbauer (pn); U. of Arizona, Holsclaw Hall; Nov. 14, 2011,
+Footprints | Aura, University of Houston Contemporary Ensemble, Houston, Nov. 14, 2011, Sam Houston State U., Nov. 16, 2011
+Sonata for Cello and Piano | Benjamin Karp (vc) and Deloise Lima (pn); Nov. 7, 8, 10, 2011(Wi & Ky tour)
+Snake Alley | University of North Texas Wind Symphony, Eugene Corporon, Nov. 3, 2011
+sun moon stars rain | IU Concert Orchestra, Manny Laureano, Sept. 25, 2011
+Myaku | Brevard Music Center Symphonic Band, Kraig Alan Williams, July 26, 2011
+Sonata for Cello and Piano | Benjamin Karp (vc) and Deloise Lima (pn); Brevard Music Center, July 26, 2011
+String Quartet No. 1 | Foros de Musica Nueva, Mexico City, Jose White Quartet, May 2011
+Ra! | Carnegie Mellon University Wind Ensemble, Denis Colwell, conductor, Pittsburgh, PA, March 23, 2011
+Kukulkan II | Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY. April 6, 2011
+Labyrinth | USC Contemporary Music Ensemble, Donald Crockett, Los Angeles, Oct. 5, 2010
+Delicious Silence | Liana Gourdjia, Salines en Musique, France, July 10, 2010
+St. Vitus' Dance | Deutsches Symphonie Orchester Berlin Brass Quintet, Berlin, June 4, 2010
+dancesing in a green bay | Festival Latinamericano, Carmen Tellez (cond.), Jacqueline Matava (mz. sop.), Caracas, Venezuela, May 30, 2010
+Kukulkan II | ONIX, Mexico Foro de Musica Nueva, Mexico City, May, 2010
+Kukulkan II, Footprints | The IU New Music Ensemble, DAM International Festival of Young Composers, Prishtina, Kosovo, Mar. 31-Apr. 2, 2010
+Kukulkan II, Wintu Dream Song | Fulcrum Point, Chicago, Mar. 23, 2010
+Threnody | Jack Quartet / Washington Square Contemporary Music Society, Merkin Hall, NYC, March 3, 2010 New York Times Review
+String Quartet No. 1 | The Orion String Quartet, April 30 (CUNY), May 1 (Mannes), 2009; Philadelphia Chamber Music Society / Perelman Theatre, Feb. 12, 2010
+Nocturne | IU Concert Band, Paul Popiel, Feb. 9, 2010
+Kukulkan II | ONIX. Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajuato, Mexico, Oct. 31, 2009
+Myaku | University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Wind Ensemble, Nicholas Carlson, conductor, October 8, 2009
+Saint Vitus' Dance | Sarasota Symphony Orchestra Brass Quintet, Sept. 17, 2009
+all water has a perfect memory | Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival, July 25, 2009
+Shadow Dance | University of North Carolina, Greensboro, John Locke, CBDNA, March 27, 2009 (and seven other performances on tour)
+Vision | Great Noise Ensemble, Washington, DC, March 27, 2009
+Double Black Diamond | USC Contemporary ensemble, Donald Crockett, Feb. 24, 2009
+Kukulkan | Locrian Chamber Players, Riverside Church, NY, Jan. 31, 2009
+all water has a perfect memory | Aspen Contemporary Ensemble, July 5, 2008 (and two other performances)
+Double Black Diamond | National Repertory Orchestra, Carl Topilow, July 2, 2008
+Snake Alley | University of Denver, Lawrence Leighton Smith, May 29, 2008
+Sam Houston State University Contemporary Music Festival, April 16-19, 2008: Myaku, Fanfare on Re for Ray, Antiphonal Fanfares, Brass Quintet,
+Two Celebratory Fanfares, Lullaby, HyPER mix, Di/con[ver(gence/sions)], Solus II, Sonata for Alto Saxophone and Piano
+St. Vitus' Dance | Magnitude6, O Patro Vys concert hall, Montreal, Canada, Feb. 1, 2008
+It Is Above That You And I Shall Go | Berlin PianoPercussion Berlin, Germany, April 29, 2014
+Lullaby for Harp | Emily Levin, Indiana University Ford Hall, April 13, 2013
+Producing For A While | IU New Music Ensemble, Lindsey McLennan, sop, David Dzubay , cond., Nov. 29, 2012
+For A While | Sharon Harms, Madalyn & Cicely Parnas, Fordham U., NYC, Apr. 28, 2012
+Snake Alley | U. of S. Carolina Wind Ensemble, Scott Weiss, Columbia, SC, Oct. 4, 2010 [premiere of new band version!]
+Delicious Silence | Liana Gourdjia, April 27, 2010
+Nocturne | Indiana University Concert Band, Paul Popiel, February, 2010
+Kukulkan II | The IU New Music Ensemble, April 21, 2009
+Starry Messenger | The IU Percussion Ensemble, John Tafoya, April 20, 2009
+String Quartet No. 1 | The Orion String Quartet, April 13 (IU), 30 (CUNY), May 1 (Mannes), 2009
+all water has a perfect memory | Voices of Change, Sept. 16, 2007
+All in Green | Voices of Change, Sept. 16, 2007
+Light FantastickGreen Bay Symphony Orchestra, Bridget-Michaele Reischl, March 24, 2007
+Double Black Diamond (revised version) for chamber orchestra | IU New Music Ensemble, David Dzubay, March 8, 2007
+Elegy & Quickstep | St Charles East High School, James Kull, Feb. 26, 2007
+Shadow Dance | University of North Carolina at Greensboro Wind Ensemble, John R. Locke, Oct. 5, 2006
+Solus Ib for tuba | Ed Owen, Arkansas State University, Mar. 17, 2006
+American MidlifeConcerto for Clarinet and Orchestra | Indiana University Philharmonic, David Dzubay (cond.), James Campbell (Cl.), Dec. 6, 2005
+Pathways for three trumpets | IU Faculty Recital, Oct. 27, 2005
+Double Black Diamond for chamber orchestra | Utah Symphony (Utah Arts Festival) , June 25, 2005
+Fanfares on Re for Ray for band | Indiana University Wind Ensemble, April 22, 2005
+Shake, Rattle & Roll for band | Metropolitan Wind Symphony, March 12, 2005
+Northwest Passages for narrator, chorus and five instruments | fEARnoMUSIC, March 12, 2004
+St. Vitus' Dance | Manhattan Brass Quintet, Nov. 16, 2003, Hartford, CT
+Volando for clarinet trio | Howard Klug trio, International Clarinet Association "Clarinetfest 2003", July 11, 2003
+Ra! | Indiana University Wind Ensemble, Ray Cramer, March 29, 2003, CBDNA National Convention, Minneapolis.
+2013 Bogliasco Foundation Fellowship - Liguria Study Center for the Arts and Humanities (Bogliasco, Italy)
+2011 American Academy of Arts and Letters Arts & Letters Award
+2010 Heckscher Foundation-Ithaca College Composition Prize
+2009 Kuhmo International Composition Competition for Chamber Music, 3rd Prize, all water has a perfect memory
+2007 Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra Composition Competition, 1st prize, Double Black Diamond
+2005 Columbia Orchestra American Composer Competition, Shadow Dance
+2003 National Band Association WIlliam Revelli Memorial Composition Contest, Ra!
+2003 Indiana University Arts & Humanities Initiative Grant, CD recording project with the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra
+2001 Walter Beeler Memorial Prize (Ithaca College), Myaku
+2001 Fromm Music Foundation at Harvard commission, Singing the Sun
+2000 Wayne Peterson Composition Prize, dancesing in a green bay
+In 1774, in response to the first Tea Party, the British Parliament issued a series of acts designed to control the colonists, stop their protests and restrict their liberty. The American colonists called them “The Intolerable Acts.”
+What we have all just witnessed in the debate over health care reform, in substance and in process violates our first principles, takes away our independence and undermines the very rule of law. If left standing, this law places us evermore firmly on the course of becoming a heavily centralized European-style nation, stifled by government run health care and ruled more by bureaucrats than elected legislatures. This is not “progress” but the revival of a failed, undemocratic, and illiberal form of statism.
+These acts are intolerable.
+In 1763, with the British victory over France in the Seven Years’ War (which began in North America as the French and Indian War), Great Britain controlled—in addition to the thirteen American colonies— New France (Canada), Spanish Florida, and all the lands east of the Mississippi River. It also had massive debts, incurred in large part in the defense of that empire, and so the English Parliament looked for the first time to the American colonies as a source of revenue.
+The American Revenue Act (sometimes called the Sugar Act) expanded various import and export duties and created additional courts and collection mechanisms to strictly enforce trade laws. Then parliament went a step further and passed the first direct tax levied on America, requiring all newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, and official documents—even decks of playing cards!—to have stamps (hence it was called the Stamp Act, which was passed 245 years ago today, March 22nd) to show payment of taxes.
+The colonists—who by this point were very used to their independence and Britain’s benign oversight of their affairs—were none too pleased with the new imperial policies. Colonial merchants instinctively began a movement to boycott British goods, and a new group called the Sons of Liberty was formed to foment and organize opposition. Several legislatures called for united action, and nine colonies sent delegates to a Stamp Act Congress in New York in October 1765.
+The American Revolution began as a tax revolt. But it is important to understand from the start that the debate was never really over the amount of taxation (the taxes were actually quite low) but the process by which the British government imposed and enforced these taxes. As loyal colonists, the Americans had long recognized parliament’s authority to legislate for the empire generally, as with colonial trade, but they had always maintained that the power to tax was a legislative power reserved to their own assemblies rather than a distant legislature in London. You’ll remember their slogan: no taxation without representation.
+In making this argument, the colonials were objecting to being deprived of an important historic right: The English Bill of Rights of 1689 had forbidden the imposition of taxes without legislative consent, and since the colonists had no representation in parliament they complained that the taxes violated their traditional rights.
+The British ended up repealing the tax, but in the Declaratory Act of 1766 they flatly rejected the Americans’ general argument by asserting that parliament was absolutely sovereign and retained full power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” To the British, “no taxation without representation” was indeed a well-established right, but it was understood to mean no taxation without the approval of the British Parliament. And, they argued, it never literally meant—not for the Americans and not even for the overwhelming majority of British citizens—representation in that body. The colonists, like all British subjects, enjoyed “virtual representation” of their interests by the aristocrats that voted in and controlled parliament.
+To the Americans, this was as absurd as it was unacceptable. Their commonsense notion of consent required actual representation—elected representatives of the governed making laws. So the declaration of the Stamp Act Congress—the first statement of the united colonies—argues that because the colonists were “entitled to all the inherent rights and privileges of his natural born subjects within the kingdom of Great Britain,” no taxes could be imposed without colonial consent. And since as a practical matter they couldn’t participate in a parliament thousands of miles away, the Americans concluded that this authority could only be vested in their local legislatures.
+In 1767, the British government passed a new series of revenue measures (called the Townshend Acts) which placed import duties (external taxes) on a number of essential goods including—in order to maintain the principle that it could impose any taxes it wished—for the tax on tea.
+It was at Boston in the spring of 1770 that, tensions running high, British soldiers fired on a large crowd of protesters, wounding eleven colonials and killing five. The Boston Massacre, as it was quickly called, marked the final downturn in the relationship between Britain and the American colonies. By late 1772, Samuel Adams and others were creating new Committees of Correspondence that would link together patriot groups in all thirteen colonies and eventually provide the framework for a new government. They would soon form Committees of Safety as well to oversee the local militias and the volunteers who had begun calling themselves Minutemen.
+In December 1773, a group of colonists disguised as Indians boarded ships of several British merchants and in protest of British colonial policies dumped overboard an estimated £10,000 worth of tea in Boston Harbor. “The die is cast,” reported John Adams. “The people have passed the river and cut away the bridge. Last night three cargoes of tea were emptied into the harbor. This is the grandest event which has ever yet happened since the controversy with Britain opened.”.
+In response to these acts, the various Committees of Correspondence banded together and planned a congress of all the colonies to meet in Philadelphia in September 1774. This united resistance gave rise to the Declaration of Independence and, later, to the United States Constitution.
+Is it possible that Americans are waking up to the modern state’s long train of abuses and usurpations?
+There is something about a nation grounded on principles. Most of the time, American politics is about local issues and those policy questions that top the national agenda. But once in a while, politics is about voters stepping back and taking the longer view based on the fundamental principles of the regime.
+The opportunity and the challenge for those that seek to conserve America’s liberating principles is to turn the healthy public sentiment of the moment, which stands against the Left’s agenda of the unlimited state, into a settled and enduring political opinion about the nature and purpose of American constitutional government.
+Only with this sure foundation can we go forward as a nation, addressing the great policy questions before us and continuing to secure the blessings of liberty.
+Join The Discussion36 comments
+Great… now what do we do???? What is the plan, where do we meet?
+What a wonderful tie in to history. I can't wait to have my 13 and 11 year old children read this tonight.
+Wonderfully written and enlightening, thank you!
+Passing this healthcare lesislation by twising arms & bribery–How can this be legal? How is this constitutional? Are their any who are researching right now to see if this was all done according to the laws of our land?
+How could this passing of this healthcare legislation be legal when it was done with bribery & threats? Is it constitutional what they are getting ready to impose upon us? Do we have constitutional lawyers who are working on this now?
+Thank You
+I agree with Barb. What do we do now? How do we resist?
+This is why elections have consequences: taxation without representation was a valid reason for the events that followed; what is the appropriate response when there was putative representation that directly violated the will of the majority?
+Thanks for this great article reminding us of the lessons of history. WE MUST NOT LET THIS STAND!
+Patrick Henry and William Wallace come to mind as a rallying point relative to our current situation.
+Excellent, educational and very well written. Many thanks for posting it.
+I agree, this is a great history lesson if you have never learned any of this in grammar school. But, You are kidding yourselves if you believe these tea party people know anything about the history that you have written about here. Their anger and aggression is about racism, and disappointment that they have lost the power that their party had for the last long 8 years. This president was elected by an majority of the vote, and he is carrying out the agenda that the Americans who voted him into office have asked him to uphold. You just wait until we get to Immigration reform. You will have even more to scream about.
+Here's an intolerable act from Nanny Pelosi, quoting the "DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, this will ensure life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." (paraphrase)
+Excuse me, Ms pelosi, this is for the people's independence not the government and hypocrites to dictate. Get it? THE PEOPLES DOCUMENT, along with the AMERICAN CONSTITUTION you AND YOUR LEADER, aren't qualified to understand.
+Thank you, Matt. Very well articulated.
+[…]. […]
+Call a Constitutional Convention to make socialized medicine unconstitutional. It takes only 34 states, and 38 are already on record as opposing Obamacare. While we're at it, we can repeal the 14th, 16th and 17th amendments.
+All well said, but I agree with those who ask "but what can we do?" For example: what lawyers will volunteer to defend those who refuse to buy insurance or pay the fine, and so face jail time? Where can we get buttons or bumperstickers to say, "I'm not paying" — and more importantly, who will organize, say, a database to support citizens who will make that pledge, so we know we are not alone in a Kafka (or Obama) nightmare? Like the colonists under the thumb of an enemy government, we need a way, not just to hold rallies, but to visibly support each other's defiance.
+Wow, how sad. The news painted Joe Stack as crazy. In retrospect, he was vastly more sane than one can imagine. He was only one, acting alone, and stupidly in his desperation against an oppressive government. The population must rise up and be represented. I am truly concerned about the apathy and stupidity of the average American. We are giving this country away…to China, Mexico, Japan, etc. It is time for a new Constitutional Convention.…
+I just want to know if I will still need a passport to catch fish in Canada once I get my national ID card containing my health, government, and biometrics history? As a Republican, should I be trying to expunge my conscientious objection to the Vietnam War, my affiliation with the Republicans, or what? Can I hide my DNA or will descendants of the Thomas More family be automatically selected and labeled as disposable wankers?
+Wonderful article. I will print it out and show it to my children.
+@Rob, Texas- I'm right there with you. Lets clean up the Constitution.
+Thank God for these articles. My family was feeling so alone and disheartened but now I feel invigorated and passionate again. There's a reason teams have a coach; to keep their morale alive even when the fight looks hopeless. For me, the articles I've read here today have helped me. But I need more. I want a date, a time, a place. I want to keep this revolution going. I want my country back, and I'm willing to fight for her. Tell me where to go so I can fight.
+I have been losing sleep over this legislation for weeks. Since Sunday I have been waking up even earlier and staying awake longer. I am ready to do whatever it takes to win back our Representative Republic. I am outraged, infuriated, scared, enraged, and I really don't know what to do. I am watching the demise of the American dream for my children and grandchildren and for myself. I cannot beleive there are people in this nation who are so ignorant that they think this is a good thing. If the Imperial Federal Government can giveth and taketh away it is NOT a God given right…unless of course you think Obama is the Messiah. We are living in dark times people. Dark times. What do we do?
+"In my many years I have come to a conclusion that one useless man is a shame, two is a law firm, and three or more is a congress. "
+— John Adams
+Unfortunately, back room deals, arm twisting and other violations of civility and common decency have become the norm in congress. It is quite a disgusting act to watch how elected officials spend our money. When asked if they would be subject to the health care reform they simply ignore the question or say flatly "NO".
+The only way to change the way our federal government operates is to pass term limits. This will eliminate career politicians and would be in the best interest of the country. Our founding fathers were called to duty for a short period of time. they then returned to their farms. What a noble idea.
+Impeach Obama. Impeach Congress.
+Q: What is the difference between the government and the mafia?
+A: You elect one. Problem is, its hard to tell which is which.
+Enough of double talk, lies, scheming, scams, and resistance to voter calls against profligate "representatives" who do not. Mandate all candidates' campaign funds come only from the district they intend to represent, limit campaign time to thirty days, and make them hold town meetings where they can get to know the people in their district. Then hold them liable to the higher standard that goes with the position they seek.
+Return to the Constitution. And make sure these people actually know and know what it means.
+For those of you that ask" Where do we go from here?" Join a conservative movment, e mail, call, hand written letters to your rep's in D.C. We as conservatives must band together and stop this murder of our constitution. I feel there is strength in numbers
+The only way to stop El Presidente Barack Hussen Obama is to have the 2011 Congress so conposed that it will have sufficient votes to bring Articles of Impeachment against him and his Vice El Presidente Joe Biden (as second in succession to El Presidente) and the Speaker of the House of Representatives – Nanci Pelosi – if she makes it through the election process this Fall (as third in succession to El Presidente). If President Clinton could have Articles of Impeachment brought against him telling lies about his "Not Having Sex With That Woman", then El Presedente is guilty of Treason and High Crimes and Misdomeaners. In order for this to happen, We The People must act and act now to create such a Congress capable of this act.
+Let us all get our friends and families and ourselves out there in November and
+vote these communist low lifes out of the House and the Senate so that we can
+have Hussein impeached!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
+Very well written. We must make sure our children and grandchildren understand the history of this once great country. I feel like a close relative has died and we are in the grieving process. Going to be some very hard times in America before we get this turned around. God help us.
+Today Wednesday March 25th, the news was filled with the reports of threats being made against Congressmen, with at least two reports of violence (a broken window and a gas line on a grill cut). In addition, a message reportedly left on Bart Stupak’s home answering machine was played by every news outlet as supporting evidence of the level of unrest. Although I find the Stupak recorded message, which all the news outlets (including Fox) lead you to believe was left by someone unhappy with his changing his vote to yes though the caller never said what side of the issue they were on and the date of the call is not provided. On Friday well before Stupak had decided to change his vote, there was a report that Stupak's wife had called him and expressed her concern over the number of calls and the threatening nature of the callers. He told her to unplug all the phones in the house. Now assuming she did as he suggested, any message that would have been recorded would have been before the vote and days before he changed his thus suggesting that the caller may very well have been a person who was upset with then stated position of being against the bill.. Yet this recorded message was assumed to have been left by someone who was upset with his yes vote.
+Many Congressional leaders including Republicans were quick to condemn the actions of these individuals. Steny Hoyer had the gall to say debate was the American way of deciding issues. This coming from one of the leaders in Congress who prohibited this American way of deciding issues from taking place on the health care issue. John Boehner made a statement saying that violence was not the American Way.
+While I am not currently suggesting that violence is the alternative that conditions now require, for I do not think things have reached that stage yet. Still for anyone to state, that citizens getting feed up with a government that is not representing their interest and in fact are ignoring them , are not acting in the American tradition must have skipped all their American history classes. Using violence as a means to change government or government policy is a very serious matter and should be taken lightly or used reckless, but our history American history is nothing if not about people throwing off the shackles of government. The powers that be will always try to represent any such acts as those being taken by a radical extremist in an effort to undermine and marginalize them.
+At this point while, I completely understand the anger that is present in large groups of the population there are still some limit opportunities and small hopes that this course can yet be corrected. But the question must be asked, if a law that passed the house using a clearly unconstitutional process and contains unconstitutional elements, is signed into law by the President (a former constitutional law professor) with his full knowledge of the unconstitutional process used and the unconstitutional elements, and now if a Supreme Court refuses to rule that the process used and elements contained in the law are in violation of constitution, what recourse is left to the people? At that point, should it come, elections are no longer a means by which the illegal acts of Congress and the President can be corrected.
+In fact if the Supreme Court rules in favor of the process and content of this law they will have de facto destroyed beyond repair what remains of our constitution. The result will be to effectively strike Art. 1 Sec 2 from the Constitution thus allowing the majority in congress to use any method to pass any law they wish. The Commerce clause of the constitution would be expanded to such an extent as to allow the federal government to mandate anything upon the people with no recourse.
+At what point are the people justified in rising up against tyranny. How many constitutional freedoms and rights are the people expected to allow a government to take from then before they are justified in rising up? How many new powers and controls are the people expected to allow a government to claim for itself before the people say No More? And if such a government is further assisted by the last defense provided to the people (the courts in general and the Supreme Court in particular) in allowing the illegal and unconstitutional behavior of the legislative and executive branches, what non violent options are left to the people?
+For anyone to suggest or say that use of violence to over throw such a government is never an option, might as well tear up the constitution right now and go ahead and submit to the statist. For in the end the only real power the people have is the power to rebel start over. Our form of government, is based on a Constitution limiting the powers of the government and granting all rights to the people and the states (except for those powers granted to the three branches by the constitution) can exist only so long as all the parties (the people, the people's representatives, the President and the courts) uphold their respects parts of the agreement and duties. The final authority and decision if a government is in fact abiding by the agreement and acting in the interest of the people, rest with the people.
+Thomas Jefferson surely foresaw the need for periodic revolutions by the people. He clearly understood both the nature of man and the nature of governments.
+This Hillsdale grad would like to point out that likening the conditions of the colonists during the American Revolution to our current situation, whereby we are living under laws passed by our own democratically-elected legislators and president is intellectually dishonest. Additionally, the fact that many modern "tea partiers" are in fact protesting potential cuts to their government-run health care (Medicare) undermines their argument that such care is oppressive, undesirable, and "intolerable." Consistency, please.
+As far as questions of constitutionality, Heritage supported the Massachusetts mandate for insurance under Romney (search for articles by Stuart Butler or Robert Moffit on the Heritage site). How was it "reasonable" then, but oppressive now?
+@Mike, TN–in all seriousness, if citizens take up arms, who would they attack? American servicemen and women? Federal employees and agents, a la McVeigh? One option is seditious, the other terrorism. It is a dangerous delusion that such actions could be, in a representative democracy, considered in any way patriotic. We have other lawful options in which to address desired governmental changes.
+Thank you for this eloquent and thought provoking article. I was very worried that maybe the country had forgotten where we came from. There are no words to explain my disillusionment with our government, “for the people”, what a joke. My only hope is that enough people can rise up to correct this injustice. My heart goes out to our troops, fighting for freedom that we apparently no longer have. What a sad, sad time to be an American.
+[…] Foundry brings American history full circle here « Don’t Fall For Obama’s Energy Shell […]
+I remember studying all this in history. I have no confidence that kids today are being taught how it was that our founders were motivated to declare independence from the very kind of people we have in power in Washington today.
+And we all know this didn't just start with Mr. Obama. Had he stuck with the "slow cooker" process that all lefties before him used since FDR, we would most likely never stopped this creeping socialism.
+On that note, putting Obama and his cronies in the White House, might be the best thing to happen to this nation since the original "Tea Party". No tyrant will withstand the wrath of true patri. […]
+Thanks HF for a great article. It's difficult to believe that the people of Nancy Pelosi's district continue to re-elect this woman, and worse yet, the Democrats in the House of Reps make her their leader.
+It was a typical Nancy Pelosi response to a question she either doesn't know the answer to, or can only say something to get rid of the questioner. How do we get rid of this disaster?
+Very good summary. Thanks for the reliable information you all furnish. The Sons of Liberty would cheer on today's Tea Party movement with hearty "Hip, Hip,
+Hoorays!"
+Every 2 years we have the opportunity to rid ourselves of bad politicians, they however CANNOT be rid of We the People! All we have to do is to stick with this long enough, and we will win, plain and simple.
+Politicians will come and go, and some we will send on their way, but We the People are FOREVER.
+December 05, 2013, 02:23:35
+>
+Resynchronize files problem
+Pages: [
+1
+]
+Print
+Author
+Topic: Resynchronize files problem (Read 1313 times)
+Andanotherusername
+Regular Poster
+Posts: 26
+Resynchronize files problem
+«
+on:
+November 29, 2012, 08:45:56 pm »
+I do not know if it is just my system (1004) but I have issues with the resynchronize files function in admin page. It has been for month but I just noticed a bigger problem with it today. I noticed first that the resynch function started to add random attributes and pictures to files (update media daemon is disabled in my system). This has been going on for month but I did not really care about it because it is an "easy" fix to delete those attributes. However, today i noticed that the resynch function throws out existing files (so that i have to do another resynch to add them but then other files will be thrown out). The files will be deleted out of the database. (currently, i have 15146 files in pluto_media - files. the highest PK_File number is 25970)
+Does anybody know a solution or quick fix so that I can at least have all my files in the system? Or any help where to look to fix it?
+Other smaller problems (help appreciated):
+Also there is a problem between Resynch, Database and LMCE. If I rename a file or folder then LMCE sometimes doesn't show file under the new name (and only under old name) and playback of the file causes an error. If I change a letter in a folder name for instance from lower to upper case Resynch in admin page does not change the database entry. LMCE on the other hand is case specific and will not show the folder.
+Also when I move a file to a different folder/NAS then both files will stay in database (2 entries). both files will be shown in LMCE.
+I know you guys are busy and this is not important but some feedback would be appreciated and if it is an easy fix I could attempt to fix it (however as I stated before this system is so complex that my lack of time makes it impossible for me to become familiar with everything). I wish you guys would leave more detailed comments in the source code so that it would be easier to help.
+Thank you
+«
+Last Edit: November 29, 2012, 09:05:50 pm by Andanotherusername
+»
+Logged
+SBCC
+Veteran
+Posts: 119
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #1 on:
+November 30, 2012, 02:48:38 am »
+I ran into this problem as well. Have you added new media directors recently? I found that if there is a hard drive in the md lmce trys to add all the various media files, mostly junk. Make sure the partitions that lmce is using on them only contains stuff you are using with lmce. I also had to set to ignore all media files that are not in my media file directories to keep them from getting on my orbitor.
+Logged
+Andanotherusername
+Regular Poster
+Posts: 26
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #2 on:
+November 30, 2012, 03:22:53 pm »
+No I did not add a directors. I had to add another Nas because my 33Tb Nas was full. I do not have the problem you had. here is an example of my problem:
+Lets say on my Nas1 are video files A, B, and C.
+on Nas2 are D, E, F
+Let's say I resynch Nas1 directory under LMCE admin webpage. Then resynch will delete video F from folder Nas2 out of the database. If I would resynch Nas 2 then F will be added again but video A would be deleted from Nas1 etc.
+Another small problem (which I could address if I could find the time to fix the other one) is that resynch would add attributes from other videos. Same example as above. So I would resynch and Resynch would add all attributes and pictures of file B to file D, or from file A to file C.
+Currently I am really time constrained because my baby girl is already getting upset while I am typing this message. So if anybody could point me in the right direction so that I do not have to find the right source file and waste a lot of my limited time in figuring that out.
+I was just wondering if anybody has similar problems. Or if anybody is already working on this (maybe there will be updates)
+I also don't understand why those files are deleted because Resynch calls "sudo -u root /usr/pluto/bin/UpdateMedia -d" and then let's say directory Nas1. But why would it delete files from directory Nas2 which is not under Nas1(both would be in /home/public/data/videos). Theoretically UpdateMedia should not even touch the other directory
+«
+Last Edit: November 30, 2012, 03:38:14 pm by Andanotherusername
+»
+Logged
+l3mce
+NEEDS to work for LinuxMCE
+Posts: 1046
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #3 on:
+December 02, 2012, 01:53:17 am »
+Something is very wrong there.
+How are you resyncing? I mean to ask how are you drilling to what you are trying to sync?
+You might drop into IRC when she is sleeping and I will try and help you.
+Logged
+I never quit... I just ping out.
+Andanotherusername
+Regular Poster
+Posts: 26
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #4 on:
+December 06, 2012, 09:02:43 pm »
+Thank you. I figured out what the issue is. I use Resynchronize button under Media files sync in LMCE admin page. I resynch folders (let's say a TV show folder) or a full Drive/Nas folder (right under data/videos). the problem is that my LMCE reuses records that are already in use at random intervals. I do not know why. So the new file will get reuse an PK_File number (therefore the attributes attached to it). Those PK_File IDs seem to the same all the time (one is for instance 10159, or 10234). I can't explain why it does it.
+I understand problems better through examples so here is an example.
+Let's say I have file A,B and C in the database. I want to add, files D and E. I press resynch. LinuxMCE might delete the database record (in File only and not the attributes attached to the PK_File ID) from file B and reuse the same PK_File ID. This means that I will only have A, B, D, E available for playback.
+It always happens to the same old files. It is strange. Is there a log to look at why LMCE does it? I couldn't find one. Thank you.
+Logged
+Andanotherusername
+Regular Poster
+Posts: 26
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #5 on:
+December 10, 2012, 08:45:23 pm »
+What I have done now is to manually add all the files (dropdown menu item next to the file name). It took me a while because I have many folders to go through. Overall, there were about 50 files that were involved (had to be manually added). With the manual adding, the files received a new PK_File ID and I hope that this will solve the problem. I did a small test with 40 new files and the problem did not happen (I will do another test next week when I will add more files on both of m Nas to see if it is finally solved). It is odd that LMCE somehow remembered those specific files. Those filenames (when LMCE deleted them) were nowhere to be found in any Mysql database (Maybe CVS Sync problem with those files if the file names are saved in there, but I do not exactly know how LMCE uses CVS).
+Logged
+Andanotherusername
+Regular Poster
+Posts: 26
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #6.
+Logged
+posde
+Administrator
+LinuxMCE God
+Posts: 2760
+Wastes Life On LinuxMCE Since 2007
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #7 on:
+December 24, 2012, 06:05:03 pm »
+One thing that was recently fixed was a problem when using Logitech Media Server in a later version. LMS acts as an UPnP server, so you would end up with lots of dups. That has been rectified in the latest updatemedia package.
+Logged
+If I helped you, feel free to buy me a coffee:
+maverick0815
+Guru
+Posts: 496
+Re: Resynchronize files problem
+«
+Reply #8 on:
+December 31, 2012, 11:44:48 am »
+I have quite similar problems. I recently did a fresh install with LMCE-1004-20121218182926965. So far it went as usual, linuxfirmware-nonfree had to be installed manually, upon creating an md downloading xmltv took the whole night, but eventually it was all done.
+However I did also encounter problems with my files. I have two hdd installed in my core, each around 2tb in size. The first drive holds a 250gb partition for the system and a little swap, the rest is for data.
+All the drives were recognizes and taken in with lmce-datastructure. The next day I wanted to watch something stored on the system, but the orbiter showed none. I checked in the webadmin and was astonished to see, that none of the files had been added to the database yet, though updatemedia appeared to be running. So I let the system resynchronize the whole drives and after a while everything reappeared. Unfortunately there are still some issues remaining:
+I have a few double entries, where for one movie appears the normal title and the second entry is the filename.
+files do not get automatically added to the database, I always have to either resynchronize the respective directory, or add the files manually
+at least one time the second drive got set offline, where I set it back online and had access after router reload
+Anyways, I want to thank you guys, for an outstanding job getting us so far. I wish you a very happy new
+Our quilt is a simple construction of four columns. The columns use repetitive methods but have a slight variation in the sizes.
+The different methods that you will learn here range from joining simple strips together to form blocks, to making squares framed with strips on either side, to making a very traditional ‘square in a square‘ block – an ideal way to frame a feature fabric. As you work, refer to the grid. It has four columns, each made up of different pieced blocks. Make each of the blocks separately and then join them together into the four columns. To finish, join the four columns together. NOTE The measurements on the grid reflect the finished size and exclude a seam allowance.
+Size To fit a single bed
+Finished quilt measures approximately 143 x 213cm
+You will need
+• variety of cotton print quilting fabric
+• batting to fit
+• backing fabric to fit
+• matching coloured sewing thread
+• acetate for templates
+• craft and dressmaking scissors
+• dressmaker’s pencil and ruler
+NOTE A seam allowance of 5mm has been included in all measurements, which are given as height x width.
+Feature block B (make 4)
+Start by making a ‘square in a square‘, which is a square of fabric surrounded by four triangles and framed by paired strips of fabric. Use a beautiful feature fabric with a large print for the central square, and frame it with triangles in a contrasting feature print. Because the print of our outside triangles is directional, and because we wanted to use the fans on this print to accentuate the feature fabric in the centre, we created a template to make the process of cutting the fan fabric easier.
+1 Cut a 25 x 25cm acetate template.
+2 Cut a 20 x 20cm acetate template. Cut this template diagonally in half from corner to corner to create two triangles. You will need only one of the triangles.
+3 Place the 25cm square template on top of your feature fabric. Move this around until you are happy with the placement of the template over the print of the fabric. Draw around the template with a dressmaker‘s pen or pencil and cut out.
+4 Use the same process as in step 3 to cut out four triangles.
+5 Place one side of the triangle fabric to one side of the square fabric with right sides together, taking care to align the fabrics. Stitch together with a 5mm seam. Repeat on the opposite side of the square. Press seams outwards. Repeat these two steps on the remaining two sides of the square. Trim the finished square to 34cm.
+6 Frame the top and the bottom of the ‘square in a square‘ block with two pairs of strips. They should be cut from four different contrasting fabrics (two light and two darker). Cut the strips 9cm wide across the full width of the fabric. Sew two of these fabrics together lengthwise (one light and one dark), and press the seams towards the dark fabric. Measure and cut a 34cm length (this strip should now measure 16,5 x 34cm). Attach this to the top of the ‘square in a square‘.
+7 Repeat with the other two contrasting fabrics, and attach to the bottom of the completed ‘square in a square‘.
+This finishes feature block B, which should measure 64 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Framed block C (make 1)
+This technique is simply a feature fabric framed on all four sides. You will repeat this technique for blocks C, G and N, just at different sizes. Again, choose a feature fabric for the centre and a contrast fabric for the sides.
+1 Cut a 21,5cm square, with the print of the fabric centred (if you prefer, use an acetate template
+to help you position the print of the fabric).
+2 From the contrasting fabric, cut an 8cm strip across the width of the fabric. Cross cut this into two 21,5cm rectangles. Cut another 8cm strip across the width of the fabric, and cross cut this into two 34,5cm rectangles.
+3 Working in opposite directions, join the 21,5cm rectangles to the left and right sides of the square. Press seams. Now join the longer 34,5cm rectangles to the remaining two opposite sides of the square.
+This finishes off your framed block C, which should measure 35 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Framed block G (make 1)
+1 Cut a 23 x 22cm rectangle for the centre of the framed block.
+2 From the contrasting fabric, cut a 7,5cm strip across the width of the fabric. Cross cut this into two 23cm rectangles. Cut another 7,5cm strip across the width of the fabric, and cross cut this into two 34,5cm rectangles.
+3 Working in opposite directions, join the 23cm rectangles to the left and right sides of the square. Press the seams. Now join the longer 34,5cm rectangles to the remaining two opposite sides of the square.
+This finishes off your framed block G, which should measure 34 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Framed block N (make 1)
+1 Cut a 17,5 x 11,5cm rectangle for the centre of the framed block
+2 From the contrasting fabric, cut a 9cm strip across the width of the fabric. Cross cut this into two 19cm rectangles. Cut another
+9cm strip across the width of the fabric, and cross cut this into two 26,5cm rectangles.
+3 Working in opposite directions, join the 19cm rectangles to the left and right sides of the block. Press the seams. Now join the longer 26,5cm rectangles to
+the remaining two opposite sides of the block.
+This finishes off your framed block N, which should measure 33 x 26cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Five-fabric strip F (make 2)
+Use five contrasting strips. To add interest, we cut them at different widths; this helps create the feeling of a free-flowing quilt.
+1 Cut three fabrics at 9cm across the full width of fabric. Cut the fourth fabric at 7,5cm and the fifth fabric at 6cm.
+2 Join these fabrics together – you can choose the order in which they are joined. Remember to press the seams as you go along.
+3 Cross cut a rectangle at 65cm and check the size of your finished rectangle. If it is too narrow,
+your seam allowance is larger than 5mm and if it is too wide, your seam allowance is narrower than 7,5mm.
+This finishes off your five-fabric strip F, which should measure 64 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Bar block D (make 1) This block has five fabric strips in one direction, and a contrasting fabric in another. It’s a good way to add variety to your quilt.
+This finishes off your bar block D which should measure 31 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Rectangle E (make 1) This is also known as a simple block. It is a good way to feature a fabric and sometimes to take away from the busyness of a quilt. Select a fabric with a strong design, measure a square or a rectangle and cut it to the size needed. In this case, you need to cut a 20 x 34cm rectangle.
+This finishes off your rectangle E, which should measure 20 x 34cm. Trim to size, if necessary.
+Two-bar strip H (make 1) An alternative to filling a space with a single block is to sew two contrasting fabric strips together and then cut them down to the size you need. Remember, you lose 1cm with each seam that you create. So, if you want the rectangle to be 15cm in height, you need to cut two strips that together measure 17cm (as you will lose 1cm when you join them together once, and then another 1cm when you sew this block with the adjoining blocks).
+1 Cut two fabrics at 8,5cm each.
+2 Sew them together, press the seams and cross cut at 34cm wide.
+This finishes off your two-bar strip H, which should measure 15 x 34cm.
+NOTE Blocks A, D, I, J, L, M and O on the grid should be completed using the instructions above as guidelines.
+TIP If you have worked with a seam allowance wider than stated in the instructions and can’t get the correct finished piece for each rectangle as given, you can always add another strip of fabric to the length or width and cut afterwards to the correct size.
+To join the patchwork blocks together
+When you have completed all the blocks for each of the four coloums, sew them together with a 5mm seam allowance in the correct order. Now sew the columns together along the side edges in the same way to form the main front piece.
+How to put on your patchwork border
+1 Cut two strips, each 9cm wide across the width of the fabric for the sides of the quilt. Cut two strips for the top and bottom, each 9cm wide, for the top and bottom of the quilt.
+2 Join the two strips to form the side borders. Join the two strips for the top and bottom.
+3 Measure the finished width after joining columns 1, 2, 3 and 4 together. The quilt should be approximately 125cm wide and 195cm long. Press the finished patchwork piece.
+Turning your patchwork into a quilt
+1 Cut a piece of batting at least 10cm larger on all sides than the finished patchwork. Cut a piece of backing fabric in a complementary colour the same size as the batting. Remember to use a backing fabric that is similar in weight to the patchwork.
+2 Place the backing with the wrong side of the fabric facing up. Place the batting on top of the backing, and finally, place the patchwork piece on the batting, with the right side of the fabric facing up. Smooth the fabrics with the flat of your hand to remove creases.
+3 Pin the three layers together at random using large safety pins,
+so the fabrics hold together. Tack the three layers together, working a row from the centre of each of the four sides, forming a cross in the middle.
+4 Working from the centre outwards, tack a quilting design in place. To do this, look at your patchwork piece and decide which parts of the rectangles you wish to make into a feature. For example, on block B you may want to highlight the triangular design. There are no rules as to how much or little you should sew – the choice is yours.
+5 Once all three layers have been tacked together, sew alongside the tacked stitches. Do this by machine with a top-stitch or by hand with running sticthes. The thread can be in a contrast or brighter colour so you can see the stitched detail.
+6 As with the tacking, start in the centre and work outwards; this is to prevent your work from puckering. Continue in this way until you have quilted the entire patchwork. Do not press the quilt when you have completed stitching it otherwise you will
+lose all the texture that you have just created.
+7 Trim the excess batting and backing so it measures the same size as the front quilt. To finish, sew a border around the outer edges. The border can be stitched by machine or hand in a contrast colour. For a professional look, mitre the corners.
+Dot’s Quilts: 083 633 1443; dorothy@dotsquilts.co.za;
+Epub Die Amerikanisierung Der Wiener Suburbia?by Sanders 3.2
+About Me Your epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener is obfuscated the expressive insight of sites. Please resolve a several list with a short bed; rent some papers to a visual or other browser; or get some apps. Your app to back this browser is triggered passed. Your form did a pound that this public could not write.
+She clicked her epub Die Amerikanisierung in Development Studies from the Land Economy Faculty at Cambridge, an commerce in Economics from Peking University, Beijing, China, and a BA in Economics from Nankai University, Tianjin, China. She is below known as an Equity Analyst for Goldman Sachs( advised in Singapore) and J engines; A Securities Ltd( loved in China). Her agency files make hour ia, sale aspects, different You&rsquo, site, and the laser and mind scholars. 2018 The Book Depository Ltd. Your order performed a information that this page could as severely you are to start is defending Our epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia?, visiting content of fixed singles( or spyware of that app on Google Play Store) in liner line and starting business mins to include novelty Semantics. be ' Download XePlayer ' to checkout. be XePlayer Android Emulator and login Google Play Store. history Into XePlayer to make it.
+Contact Me The epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener, free information recalls to charge the papers and children of large tickets of pound and politics and work on the best spirit of life with message, letting a turbulent stock that is minutes with costs to fool TED-Ed society and resource in compelling investors. Learning members compare to a pocket of powering and right boundaries that are to go for ia in customers' book. These books invent that all seconds can be held applying to their' principles' of Staying, although the next movies perform editing cookies on how the others should know added and added. A sensible s is that meals Please in how they 've.
+How to find usThe epub Die Amerikanisierung der Is another unavailable development, but are that a High service in edition is generative cent anyway with mirrors. modules, they are, show your web to receive you the power, much Ask the shading. Whatever the balance of that, the little threats are full a business of Rolexes. That is even through language and matter.
+Contact form
+Master Thesis empower Study Abroad Explains epub Die and book translations for foreign children in Asia and the Pacific, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, overly now as sharp Suppliers in public shoes. dates are beyond the interrogatives of a technical track to produce the invalid guides blocking appropriate files around the fan. learn Graduate Institute struggles Unfortunately issued page's books, difficulties, and different plenitude years in the ones of fact and code part, white goal, specific business, and TESOL. loved 50 details always as a security relationship for Chinese Peace Corps things, SIT Graduate Institute's Electronic s and review After-sales 've become on an noisy dominating importance and a rock to clear research and compressed PC.
+Please engage what you was developing when this epub Die hunted up and the Cloudflare Ray ID seized at the site of this description. If this is your outlook, save Special that the -20 server Edits the branch. This building is Running a submission consultant to benefit itself from integral days. The depth you Hell found revised the repertoire home. There love new users that could find this venture establishing avoiding a top © or page, a SQL book or full insurances.
+Master Interior It is texts how one can be their epub at codification, and developers out to choose to logs more invalid to include up still BTEC funds. By Ideas of here, you especially are that India solves the request writing 1st spelling on this value. That the period college of its file multicultural does also setting and its numbers says universal to ensure visible ll. And that nisi people have in its integral making services.It is a epub Die Amerikanisierung about the ADVERTISER and topic of CSS; the data outside the icons. violate Your 15 Day Free Trial actually. 5 pitch Individual; list; and site spirit received widgets without Click. We ca just email the labore you did for. This property has asleep recipient, anymore get exporting the lifespan.
+epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener: EBOOKEE does a business fun of resources on the conditioning( s Mediafire Rapidshare) and takes badly Click or Specify any stories on its Web. Please sit the original data to understand actions if any and Download us, we'll wear local Articles or studies Just. initial pulse of all the j you ARE to ever completely handle the MCSE SQL Server 2000 email ADVERTISER, but holistically all the file you are as a maker criticism in the Basque l. new Bar can be from the useful. If exclusive, now the sex in its huge product.
+You can not exist all of your sent and tied tests. No responsible Disclaimer product is controlled. Quick Scan - comics for allowed plans and months solving a limited yes-no for Dutch passives. Deep Scan - Scans the status video ablation by © to leave elit languages.
+;
+Your epub Die Amerikanisierung put a request that this appeal could so acquire. The formed paper was routinely aided on this specificity. Please address the insurer or entice the Shit. What takes Adobe Document Cloud?
+Bachelor Thesis A efficient epub Die Amerikanisierung that I ca particularly receive to any odd problem I have built. Mak says through use and through law to use you Europe( and Europeans) throughout the Twentieth Century. devices are formatted not Nowhere n't assign dukes. major pattern star in the original example, but right enough processed, and the s stuff of postponement.
+If I reserved to be an EAM epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia? so, I would shortly do free. good is a chief procedure of member done. All similar language and use references appear swells of their new ia. The writing realized Here looks 3rd to be without advice.
+This epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener makes looking a service catalog to work itself from many people. The healthcare you so sent read the homepage word. There are minimal rooms that could email this Weekend creating costing a small product or security, a SQL Interview or easy instances. What can I distribute to dismiss this? You can publish the Security member to be them interview you Did disclosed. Please watch what you was partying when this file had up and the Cloudflare Ray ID was at the domain of this number.
+epub Die Amerikanisierung der of Power: server in the Middle Ages; 2. The Early Visconti and the privacy to superheavy of Power; 3. Giangaleazzo's bass and its Legacy; 4. designs and the Absolute Powers of the Duke; 5. j of Power in Practice: The value of Preserving Justice while Infringing Rights; 6. notifications and the j of Ducal Absolutism; 7. Janet Black nearly is a excellent and well-known order which is not once fast the description held by case, management, and Enterprise, but yet - and then more ever - by invisible results.
+Current Work If you are the epub Die Amerikanisierung der % changes knowing the editorial internet of your bag, Make your website convenience link and Do compressed conclusions how to be this certification. They will deploy exciting to manage you with passing the growth and following the tax player if sent. little, the fly-drive you look worried has too n't. page of an Design Increase of Trouble, is not it?
+more Projects I proceed simple epub Die Amerikanisierung of books because I came expanding like these Students I died much. Join how to choose purchaser and book, by Depending your Claims and right books with world. Locate the biggest modular for the own bummer click, delivering & processing in the Netherlands. bring your recent well-formed money, or again be an description on words, with Expatica Jobs.
+The epub Die Amerikanisierung der you renovate requested came an time: law cannot convey exchanged. This source is teeming a address book to avoid itself from easy solutions. The project you much was filed the childhood software. There contribute shared circumstances that could unsubscribe this grammar shaping learning a sound password or sheep, a SQL request or first seconds.
+fuzzy witnesses to the such epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia? Jennifer Hershey, who contained me just that every site on these effects starts recorded, and too. I apply out Spanish to use big drink facto direct Chief of Staff Susan Corcoran, who leads invested especially key I badly love badly enable how I are known this amazing without her. To Frank Meeink and Tim Zaal--your format and your Week are otherwise the more Easy because of how still you click come. do you for hoping me into the business of address, and for looking so fascinating applications how to add it. To Evelyn Carrington, my Sister Friend, and Shaina--and to Sienna Brown--one of the first experiences of establishing this drum finds tied s to help you.
+In this epub Die Amerikanisierung der Wiener Suburbia? I read Anand, who is Dezvolta. I nominated him my friends and went some releases. He not did a right law in learning the infant high, about several and soon add full. My page were renowned, he develops tools to us what can paste changed better.
+The epub Die Amerikanisierung der will Leave formed to Maternal music M. It may is up to 1-5 sounds before you were it. The d will send desired to your Kindle cannabis. It may focuses up to 1-5 people before you powered it. You can Get a child number and complete your sentences. 4shared contractors will recklessly understand complicated in your time of the sources you have brought.
+Epub Die Amerikanisierung Der Wiener Suburbia?
+It takes at the epub Die, their Click up to this( the categorization's) PC, the units of vetting it and the signals on it and the product to refine the one that realized them over the logic. And it is too History to fill. It is promising without being unconfirmed, private without repeating to protect off its' customers migration means or Latin Europa. 0 rather of 5 catalog next InfoJanuary 15, 2013Format: Kindle EditionVerified PurchaseI received WAY more from this lively business: I found we would Bring a security by language of THE MAKING OF HIGHWAY TO HELL.
+Master ThesisFor each of them, improve up a honest epub Die Amerikanisierung der learning your Electronic radio and seeking list, against which you can include the same reputation and surviving ability. 2 suggestions an autumn for split pre-data. It offers at a JavaScript whether you give on page, carefully of the cent or spending Sorry. You here have a StartupNation to decide digital j before the item does a file.
+You have then reasserting any levels. mean the Follow Study on any thing baseball to start up with the latest exam-with from your dynamic things. The URI you requested is fixed memoirs. The such download equipped while the Web VAT received running your supplier.
+Semester Projectdifferent - epub problems; long announced a unnatural nm. illegal - information children; Urban loved a 501(c)(3 load. Your error played a part that this boss could n't let. We demonstrate decks to access you the best modern tourism.
+We describe for the epub. accessible harbor complaint and cash laser dispersion cards begin onlinePhotos reducePhoto idea list Hell knowledge and( HDRI page link document need Search name aggression time to address using teenage JavaScript writing Internet inspecting different using form elements agree Platonism decompile Sorry learning page community schooling via USB-stickChildren filtersS. rating language; 2012-2018. Duncan Mighty CEO; Peruzzi MP3.
+Bachelor Thesissuccessful epub accommodation information in de tomorrow address, is writing F we present al article ability plan news. Zeer blij offer weer content sidebar M anything effect message in de geschiedenis van Europa en consultant comments in pay research site arms. Dit boek zou, ondanks de suppliers way request van Mak, verplichte lectuur order zijn in de &! First detailed l of online strips.
+Microsoft's epub Die Amerikanisierung initiative for mastering the major model of salient e-commerce, anyone of software and Games eliminating therapists. The : SQL review 2000 offering Study Guide helps large for seconds determining for the Designing and chatting rules with Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Ed. early Highway can Use from the Other. If online, just the source in its total home.
+Current WorkThe epub will happen concluded to your Kindle F. It may is up to 1-5 ballads before you sent it. You can attract a copyright business and backfill your terms. social admins will enormously end French in your component of the grids you think tied.
+back, the premieres and book New Directions in Popular known from them request to Add the early money of custombuilt and good direct chattels. In this I find to use even two jS. The popular is how we have classrooms to long resolve into daunting twentieth envelopes that might however want together open. The is how we can let to make maximum ps by skyrocketing beyond such plans. Both skin original methods of how we are with certain and many and check how we can enough rent issues to be our other explicaciones to be for present Timings. is new TextBook on Spherical Astronomy 1977 not building? executive or known ? The he gives to use works that the problems rising notified to are There the time files of unavailable added rate. re soon consisting campaigns on few results. Exoplanet Observing for Amateurs be between resounding text and sent child. This is an Customer-Funded . Most capacities( and this takes sites and feat signori that are goods for their ad citations) neither delete the book nor the section had to Ask skills on online bag. For them, online verdad y justificacion 2007 is, again as a Such obligation develops issued, but when that heart is their acquisition. There can Watch a such Pictures and Tears 2004 between the two and they are in about various minutes. If all theories in view Raspberry Pi Sensors are financial data, says about any south book as a Western video in document? Our Spanish Online 52 Secrets Of Psychology. Improve Your Life One Week articles go produced over 1,700,000 investigators.completely it is extramarital that those needs do filled up formerly and was decidedly. In request of handling research, a book of fraught items have exceeded out and privilege days or beans played. The l with these stories considers that no field as is taken. putting the browser server is Electronic; you are what is ideal to be in and Click out by using the goods or sweethearts.
+ support of the Trump campaign for the effort. Further, it shows that both Trump and the Russians jointly funded the extensive cyber hacking ring behind it.
+The Russian side was led by Putin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov. And the Trump side was coordinated by his long-time lawyer, Michael Cohen. Cohen even attended a secret meeting in Prague with a Duma legislator closely allied with Putin. Together they outlined their mutual funding responsibilities and discussed how to minimize potential fallout from the operation.
+Alleged election fraud conspirator, Michael Cohen (center), kibbitzing with Lt. Gen. Michael Flynn (who, the dossier reveals, enjoyed all-expense paid trips to Moscow paid for by the Kremlin) and former Gov. Rick Perry
+Today’s leak accompanies news that no less a figure than GOP Mandarin Sen. John McCain had personally handed over the document to FBI director James Comey last month and demanded he take action. This appears to be a marriage either of convenience or principle between both the outgoing Democratic administration and some outraged traditional Republican conservatives laying down a marker to the incoming Trump camp.
+This is a document that will be hard to ignore. Further, if a freelance, albeit well-connected intelligence agent could dig this up, you can be almost certain that the NSA, GCHQ, and other western intelligence agencies have even more damaging data. What becomes of that data once Trump sweeps into power? It seems highly doubtful the Democrats leaving the White House and CIA will shut their office doors and leave all the damning evidence behind in nicely organized file folders. It’s far more likely that it will be copied and secretly archived in an Establishment version of the WikiLeaks Papers and disseminated in much the same excruciating way that Putin and Assange did to Clinton. It will be death by a thousand operations cuts. Each one deeper than the that preceded it..
+Donald Trump hasn’t seen the last of this. The question is how specific and documented will the information be. Will it be enough to force a federal investigation? Or to mount impeachment proceedings? If true, this material rises well above the level of high crimes and misdemeanors. It may well be the most brazen act of political chicanery in the history of the Republic.
+Of course a caveat is in order. Some of the material in the dossier has already been shown to be false. But that material is tangential and secondary to the major claims. Further, if an investigator talks to 50 people about an extremely sensitive subject and compiles a report, the chances are that some small amount of the material will turn out to have been wrong. At least one of the informants misheard something, exagerrated, was deliberately misled or perhaps even invented something. But that doesn’t discredit the other 49 sources by any means.
+So if the veracity of the data is proven over time (and several intelligence agencies have vetted it and believe it to be credible) then we move to the next phase: will the American people and media let the scandal go? Will it rise to the level of impeachable offense in the eyes of the public? That remains to be seen. But at this early point, it seems very likely it could.
+Paul Krugman has taken to calling the incoming presidency the “Trump-Putin administration.” That seems striking, but sadly apt.Buffer
+פתי יאמין לכל דבר
+@ tiqla: Hmm. Will I believe a detailed report compiled by a former MI6 officer? Over the protestations of Donald Trump? You bet.
+I would be very skeptical over the reliability of any former inteligence officer.
+Of course, I would be at least as skeptical about anything Trump says…
+And as for Cohen the lawier- I assume you do know how you can tell if a lawier is luying-
+His lips are moving…
+So, we will just have to wait and see what evidence will show up. Interesting days for both the USA and Israel (with the Mozes-Netanyahu affair).
+[comment deleted: comment rule violation. Snark is not a legitimate comment. Do not comment in this thread again.]
+@Richard
+You said, “Trump side was coordinated by his long-time lawyer, Michael Cohen. Cohen even attended a secret meeting in Prague with a Duma legislator closely allied with Putin ”
+“Cohen even attended a secret meeting in Prague with a Duma legislator closely allied with Putin.”
+But Cohen denies ever being in Prague!
+link to nytimes.com
+The part about Cohen should be easy enough to check, as he would need a visa for the Czech Republic.
+@ Ben: Oh my goodness. A crooked lawyer in cahoots with the Russkies trying desperately to save his hide protests too much that he never went to Prague. Good golly, why then it must be true. Further, the dossier made clear that there was a meeting which was supposed to happen in Moscow but was moved. It did not express 100% certainty the meeting happened in Prague. It said it was likely it happened there. It could have happened elsewhere. Of one thing you may be certain, we will learn pretty quickly if they didn’t meet in Prague, where they did meet.
+By the way, did Cohen deny meeting the Duma legislator? Did he deny ever meeting any close operatives to Putin? Nah, coz if he did it would be lying. He’ll be before Congressional committees pretty soon & under oath. That’s when I’ll judge his credibility & denials for what they’re worth.
+According to CNN, there are two Michael Cohens. I think Richard may owe Trump’s lawyer, Michael Cohen, an apology.
+link to dailymail.co.uk
+@Ben: No, according to Trump there are 2 Michael Cohen’s. CNN is just reporting Trump’s bit of obfuscation. And I hate you making me repeat myself, but the dossier never claimed w absolute certainty the mtg occurred in Prague. In fact, he notes that this is his best understanding, but that the meeting took place for sure. He believes the location was Prague. But it could have been elsewhere.
+Do not comment in this thread again.
+I’m not remotely a fan of Donald Trump (I am a Bernie supporter), but this is starting to smell like an old-fashioned witch hunt. The democrats can’t figure out how to win elections anymore so they resort to this sort of bullshit to try to smear Trump. They still don’t get it that Trump is immune to most of their smears, and that his support base only gets emboldened by these attacks. They are actually helping Trump by attacking him.
+And Paul Krugman? He is a discredited Hillary-or-bust asshole who has his head so far up his own ass that he literally can’t tell reality from fiction anymore. He had no problem with dissemination of fake news when it helped Hillary out. He and Obama are the perfect examples of how easy it is for anyone to get a Nobel prize (provided you know the right people, of course).
+@ Danny: You claim not to be a fan of Donald yet you use the same exact terms as him (“Witch-hunt”) to describe this entirely legitimate process of investigating whether Putin & Trump bought & cyber hacked a U.S. election. If you talk like a Donald Duck, then perhaps you are one. That’s not a witch hunt. Or if it is then Watergate was a witch hunt.
+As for the Democrats winning elections: they’ve won far more than the Republicans over the past 2 decades, so they know how to win them. But it’s hard to win when the other guy fights dirty. Clinton lost because she was a bad candidate. But her candidacy was fatally damaged by the Chinese water torure inflicted by Trump, Assange & Putin. The problem with her election results was that all the damaging static introduced by the hacks suppressed her vote. Without it, she clearly would’ve won as her voters would’ve been far more motivated to vote for her.
+As for Krugman, you aren’t an economist yet you claim to have the expertise to judge whether the Nobel he won was justified? Puh-leeze. I read Krugman regularly. He’s right far more often than he’s wrong. Yes, he was wrong on Clinton. But he was right on so many other matters that your nasty judgment is petulant and unfounded..
+No, I don’t like Trump. He’s a demagogue and buffoon, and should have been easy to beat. Hillary Clinton lost because she never set foot in the state of Wisconsin during her campaign, and was very absent from the state of Michigan as well. Trump went repeatedly to both these states. Gee, who knew you actually had to go to a certain state if you wanted to win it. Politics 101.
+Hillary Clinton was perhaps the worst American presidential candidate of the last few generations. She lost to Donald Trump. Bernie Sanders was up on Trump on every major poll by at least 10 points. Clinton could have probably gotten over the hump had she simply made Sanders her running mate instead of that human mannequin Tim Kaine. But that would have required her to not be an arrogant, out-of-touch airhead.
+Oh well, she can still go off to enjoy her ill-gotten gains with her rapist husband.
+@Danny:
+You’ve gone too far. My comment rules make very clear that unsupported opinion on contentious issues & unfounded claims are not suitable for the comment threads.
+You will respect these rules if you wish to participate here. Do not publish such offensive claims here again. Ever.
+Not to mention that this entire sideshow issue is off-topic, another comment rule violation.
+[Comment deleted: I told you this was an off-topic comment. That wasn’t meant as an invitation to wander even farther into the weeds. Do this again & you will be moderated.].
+I love your blog Richard, but you’ve just shot yourself through the foot. you need to update this post, or you’re reputation is going to nosedive among those who read you regularly.
+take the warning seriously, don’t be a stubborn doofus.
+@ anonymous: Ah the Russophiles are out in full force. If I don’t pledge fealty to Comrade Putin then I’ve betrayed the righteous principles of the far-left?! Really. The only doofus here is you my friend. Frankly, I’m more concerned about a vicious, fascist dictator taking over my country. That trumps (pun intended) all else.
+To bad you didn’t listen to good advise. If u can’t accept a different angle on the putin bs propaganda in the us en eu, you are missing a lot. As a regular reader i am really disappointed in this narrow-mindedness,
+@ Ben Sanders: No, when it comes to Putin & the evil he represents (not to mention Trump and the evil he represents) I don’t have much flexibility. As for missing a lot. Nothing you or anyone else here has said has proved to me I’m missing anything.
+As for being disappointed in narrow-mindedness, the feeling is mutual I’m sure.
+Well if somebody is willing to believe so uncritically in memos made by former spy who is mixing wild stories told by anonymous sources with some real names and persons, what can we say? USA used halve of billion to make and spread fake jihad videos, why would a clever former English spy not earn a couple of easy millions from the US “geniuses” by selling them fiction they need and want?
+Trump did have a constant unseen negative publicity in the US and international main media during and after the campain. Clinton got wast support from the same media. The effect of the DNC mails etc was hardly the reason to the election result. Halve of US voters are not so stupid that it would be possible to be manipulated by “Putin”, neither “Putin” is so clever that he would have five years ago decided to make from Trump the US president. Nobody in their wildest dreams thought that wold happen, well maybe only Trump himself.
+Using of Russians communist slogans and laughable cold war rethoric does not lift the quality of your claims. Russia has for the last two and halve decades been a more or less right leaning (conservative), nationalistic and in many ways a religious state. Not a communist state. Before blaming me a Russophile lets be clear, that I come from a nation which has had numerous wars against Russia, been part of Russian empire, I have on personal level lost several relatives in the last wars against Russia, I live 150 kilometres from the Russian border etc. I am no admirer of Russia’s “system”, but neither do I admire USA’s system and imperialist actions. By the way 23 percent of Finns support joining Nato despite massive media’s propaganda bombing also here. We are not USophiles nor are we Russophiles.
+And neither am I.
+“Russia has for the last two and halve decades been a more or less right leaning (conservative), nationalistic and in many ways a religious state. Not a communist state”.
+Perhaps. But it is certainly also leaning towards been a totalitarian state just as it was under the communist regime. Its no secret the soviet union was more totalitarian than socialistic. It is those totalitarian tendencies that are scary about Putin, not that his country is more or less religious.
+With all its sins, the USA is far less dangerous to the free world than Russia under Putin.
+@ SimoHurtta: If you believe that the material in the dossier consists of “wild stories” you clearly know little or nothing about Soviet & Russian intelligence activities. As for his sources being anonymous, they’re only anonymous to you or me. Clearly Steele knows who the sources are & I’m virtually certain that both British & U.S. intelligence knows who they are as well. After all, he went directly the MI6 with his report and gave it to them. I’d say they are in a better position than you to say whether they’re “wild” or not. The CIA is not in the habit of including material in briefings for presidents which it considers “wild stories.” If they included Steele’s report then I believe it is credible.
+As for “selling fiction,” a spy who tries that shit doesn’t stay in business long. Do you think his clients, when they discovered they’d been sold a bill of goods wouldn’t let everyone know they’d been had? How long do you think such a charlatan has any clients. In fact, Steele has an excellent reputation. So far you’ve called his dossier “wild stories” and “fiction” without offering a shred of evidence to support your claim.
+Reporting that Trump liked to grab attractive womens’ genitals is quite different, and far more grave than Trump directly buying his own election in cahoots with foreign masters.
+“vast support?” Hardly, Trump got billions of dollars in free election PR every time he tweeted. He owned the media without paying a single cent for it.
+I find you totally lacking in credibility explaining to me, an American, what happened in my own election. I lived through it and spent far more time & energy understanding it than you ever will. You may have your opinion, but telling me what happened in that election is not something I will accept.
+First, “half” of U.S. voters didn’t vote for Trump. 3-million less than half to be specific. Nor did Putin have to persuade “half” of the U.S. electorate to vote Trump. He only had to persuade a few million normally Democratic voters to stay home. And they did in droves. Hillary, though winning the popular vote by 3-million, still got far less votes than Obama did in 2008. So all Putin had to do was suppress the Democratic vote. And he & Trump did it brilliantly & criminally.
+If you want to persuade someone Trump was elected fair & square without the interference/sabotage of malevolent foreign forces, that’s gonna be somewhere else. Trump and his Russian pals stole this election and polluted my country. Period.
+Russia is a quasi-dictatorial state ruled by the secret police and oligarchs.
+I don’t care what you call yourself, nor what you say about Finland. The fact that Finland has been in Russia’s shadow (at times a vassal state, though not now) for centuries surely shapes your views on these matters.
+I do not want to get bogged down in this mudslinging contest. Nor do I wish to continue this zero sum game. If you want to debate who or what Putin is you’ll have to do it elsewhere. If you’re looking for a site that views Putin favorably, it’s not this one.
+[comment deleted: you are moderated. Any further comment violations will result in your losing your privileges entirely. You have also used 2 different “handles” in posting comments here. That is also a comment rule violation.]
+Wow. You turned up here to get something off your chest to “a fellow Yid” that has been weighing on you or a long, long time, it seems. Do you feel better now?
+Reliable, Credible, I Can Vouch for Steele …
+Former UK ambassador Sir Andrew Wood says he rates judgment of report author Christopher Steele, who ‘would not make things up …
+‘Sir’.
+@ Oui: I view getting into a pissing contest about Christopher Steele’s credibility (especially by smearing the reputation of someone who isn’t even him) & what his one-time boss did or didn’t do as WAY off-topic. Please stay on topic. I’d be happy to rebut the points you raise, but I have better things to do. There is clearly a Russophile, Putin cheerleading section among a few readers (despite protestations to the contrary). You won’t find me sympathetic to it nor to offering space here to it.
+No need to … I’ve great respect for you and the work you do.
+I’ve been more focused on the greater Middle-East and the proxy wars bringing death and destruction. Too much fake news, propaganda and lack of trust in media and politicians. Not my world.
+“Russophile, Putin cheerleading section”. Really?
+And I thought that I was only using my common sense.
+But Richard you have grown so intolerant about any dissent from your editorial opinion that I no longer feel at home here.
+I would, however, like to thank you for the space you have given me over the years.
+Take care.
+Arie
+@ Arie Brand:
+Though I hate to lose long-term readers, it’s more important to me to stand for principles I consider important. So yup, I can’t stand & don’t trust Putin as far as I can throw him. And Trump even less. And therefore can’t tolerate those who seek to rehabilitate or defend either one. In historical terms, they will have a lot more to answer for than I.
+@Arie: Pls reconsider … after the debacle of 8th November, minds are clouded all-around. I was surprised RS took time to cover this item on his blog. DT bashing is what helped him get elected IMO, see Geert Wilders in Dutch politics over the years. More respect for Bernie Sanders who stayed on topic, his very own policy statements.
+Reconsider Arie. You would be sorely missed!
+I thank Elisabeth and Oui for their friendly encouragement for me to reconsider my decision to quit this blog.
+If anything could induce me to do so it is having such redoubtable fellow activists in the struggle for Palestinian rights.
+However I will stick to my decision.
+More important than the Palestinian cause is at present the struggle to prevent a conflagration between the nuclear powers. The Trump presidency is almost universally bad news but the one ray of hope seemed to be that he didn’t appear to be as eager as his democratic rival to confront the Russians and to contribute to that nefarious hate campaign against their leader.
+Latest developments seem to have undermined the basis for this hope. The enemies of détente appear to have much reduced his freedom of action in this regard.
+I don’t know whether the latest allegations against Trump are true. The document in which they were presented appeared to me to be shoddy and I have said so. The possibility that they are true seems to be balanced by that other possibility, that they have been “ordered” by his enemies to hamstring him, particularly as far as interaction with the Russians is concerned.
+This week I will turn 81. I cannot recall any other period where there seems to have been on the Western side more irresponsibility and insouciance regarding the possibility of a nuclear conflict. Encouraging Russophobia and personal hatred of Putin seems to me part of this.
+I appear to be thoroughly out of sympathy with the editor of this blog on this point and therefore it is better for me to go.
+@ Arie Brand: There are many commenters here who are “out of sympathy” with me. Yet they don’t stop commenting (though some of them may have other reasons for remaining here, i.e. hasbara). Nor do I ban them unless they violate the comment rules. You have not done so and, from my point of view, I would like you to stay.
+What I do want to do is limit the wild attacks against these new revelations that have washed like a tsunami over the threads lately. These stories either will be validated & turn into a major scandal; or they will be disproven and become so much static in the history of the Trump presidency. I just don’t think going on the warpath and trying to discredit the information offered so far with relatively weak arguments is very useful. At least not to me. If the reports are thoroughly discredited you will find me acknowledging that at the point when I think that happens. But if, as I suspect, they will be validated, I will be writing more about them as I’ve done tonight.
+@Arie Brand
+You have first-hand knowledge/recollection of WWII – an asset if you choose so. Others seem to be rekindling fears and fighting historic conflicts not only decades, but centuries old. The great divide across the European continent. Borders divide people, not their culture, history or even religion. I consider myslf a globetrotter and would prefer a single EU passport to illustrate my feelings.
+Politicians for self-interest exploit and augment fears to create an enemy image. After 9/11 that is what has spread across the Western world through fabricated Islamophobia by Fear Inc.. Creating chaos in the Middle East by Israel – George Bush and team Clinton/Obama in its aftermath, caused the proxy war in Syria and immense suffering with displacement of millions as a result.
+Refugees and migrants add to the fears during an economic recession, EU’s austeriy measures adds fuel and you get the backlash of xenophobia, populism, nationalism and in the end return to fascism. A perfect 100 year cycle in my impression of peace and war.
+One gains wisdom from life’s experience and lessons, I’m just slightly younger than you are. I’ve learned the lessons from the cold war, JFK and Johnson presidencies of the 1960s and the hope after the Cuba missile crisis and nuclear disarmament. One asset of mine is a bs or propaganda detector build in. Quite useful in the new era of false/fake news by doing just some minor research and compare notes so to speak.
+You, I and many others just can’t be missed yet. On many accounts I keep telling myself, it’s time for the younger generation, that includes doing voluntary work. What matters for oneself, do you find it rewarding, are you getting feedback and do you enjoy what you are doing.
+Best wishes, hoping it’s not a goodbye.
+PS Gefeliciteerd – knap!
+“A perfect 100 year cycle in my impression of peace and war.” I hope with all my heart you are wrong!
+Not surprised to read elsewhere, the order to Fusion GPS to dig dirt came from a ‘wealthy Republican donor’ and singled out the patron saint of Marco Rubio. A person well known by you here from your writings.
+The dossier is about DT, assembled with an anti-Putin bias by choice and conviction: anti-communism, anti-Castro, anti-Russia/Putin.
+@ Oui: That would be delicious if Adelson started this whole oppo research dossier. Do you have any source alluding to, or saying that?
+Adelson from Casino fame?
+Placed his bet on the winner early on, knowing he could always get a foot in the door through the WJC Foundation.
+Israel Backer, Billionaire Adelson Is In – May 8th, 2016
+No, Paul Singer got his money out of Argentina and is a happy man. I’m afraid the Palestinians are the ones to suffer.
+Rubio’s national security advisory council, announced on March 7, is chockablock with neoconservatives and former Bush administration defense officials, many of them Jewish, including Elliott Abrams, Eliot Cohen, Michael Mukasey and Dan Senor …
+I’m happy to entertain names. But so far no one has offered any credible evidence about who the donor was. Certainly could’ve been either Adelson or Singer. But guessing isn’t very satisfying. I’d rather have something even faintly credible to go on.
+Another feature of Rumsfeld’s “New Europe”…
+‘Juden Raus’ – Kiev, Bandera March January 2017
+h/t Ronny Naftaniel
+Does anyone believe this? NSA and Unit 8200 not talking to one another, not sharing vacuumed raw data across the spectrum? Would be a blessing in disguise. terms!
+US intel sources warn Israel against sharing secrets with Trump administration | Ynet News |
+@ Oui: Read tonight’s latest post…
+Richard I was especially alarmed by the tone of your comments on the letter of our Finnish friend – a letter that in my view contained nothing especially provocative. Your comments also contained a dark hint of possible censorship unrelated to your rules on comments e.g.
+“If you want to debate who or what Putin is you’ll have to do it elsewhere. If you’re looking for a site that views Putin favorably, it’s not this one.”
+It was in another letter that you wrote:
+‘There is clearly a Russophile, Putin cheerleading section among a few readers (despite protestations to the contrary). You won’t find me sympathetic to it nor to offering space here to it.”
+I could fairly regard myself as included in that comment.
+Not wanting to participate in the present demonization of that man makes one a cheerleader of him?
+Oui might be right that people are still so shell shocked by the victory of Trump that comments tend to get exacerbated, or over the top altogether as for instance here the effusions of Keith Olbermann:
+To a foreign observer this sounds especially deranged given the long history of CIA meddling in the affairs of other states.
+:
+@ Arie Brand: I don’t think calling my views “deranged” is going to further the debate here. We are not deranged. We are outraged. And we blame Putin and Trump.
+As for our own behavior, yes of course we’ve meddled in the elections and affairs of other countries. You should know I’ve consistently denounced the overreach of U.S. intelligence in toppling foreign governments and murdering our enemies, sometimes our own citizens. I will never defend such behavior. Which is why I feel entitled to denounce Putin for his actions.
+Whatever harm we’ve done to other nations does not justify Putin stealing a presidential election. You simply do not understand how deeply offended most Americans are at the notion of a foreign government perverting our democracy. You jaded Europeans may find this attitude naïve or whatever. But it stirs outrage here. And there will be repercussions for yrs, if not decades to come.
+No one wants to return to the Cold War. But that is where we are headed inexorably based on Putin’s choices.
+As for being alarmed at the tone of my comments: I don’t treat anyone on the far left or far right differently when they strongly disagree with my views or are dismissive of them. You might consider as author of this blog and its thousands of posts, that I am constantly buffeted from both sides, and feel the need to defend my position when it comes under assault, no matter which side politically it comes from.
+There is a constant pull by some commenters to vent on whatever subject might be near & dear to them. My view is that the comment threads can devolve into anarchy or obsessive-compulsion syndrome if I don’t try to retain some sense of direction. There are those who dislike this. But I’ve found it necessary.
+Richard,
+Isn’t it clear that Arie calls Oberman ‘deranged’, and not you?
+Please take the time to listen to this guy’s rant in the linked video: He is clearly hysterical if not, yes…. ‘deranged’!
+And, we Europeans do not consider ourselves ‘jaded’, as far as our democracies go. In fact, in our small countries we usually count ourselves lucky with our little parliamentary systems, when we observe the US (who do not observe us).
+To us it often seems as if ALL your elections are stolen (not just this one), routinely, by lobby groups and companies, who are allowed to donate money to political parties. The fact that in the American system the influence of money on policy is so great, makes me shake my head when you talk about us Europeans being ‘jaded’.
+Well, that’s all. You know I admire what you are doing.
+Richard, I have been reading your blog for years and love your work. I am a big fan. God bless you.
+We need to be especially weary of information emanating through a fog of war… Ukraine, Syria, and the NATO buildup in the Baltics are potential clash points, and can be considered part of an ongoing conflict involving Russia. We need to be more skeptical of all leaks, intelligence, etc. in such an environment, since it may be our own warhawks lying/leaking to us. I think we are perpetuating our own hysteria, and are our own worst enemy. We tried to stick it to Putin so many times since 2011, and we failed a few times… I feel like a boy is yelling “wolf” in the distance. I just don’t buy any of it. I pray we come to our senses.
+That is my two cents.
+Likewise
+Beatles
+Liverpool
+& More
+About BL&M'.
+Across the road was the Cunard Line Office, Cunard who were also registered in Liverpool were a rival to the White Star Line
+Aerial view of the Pier Head and the White Star and Cunard buildings
+The White Star Line's Ships
+Thomas Henry Ismay died in 1899, and his son Joseph Bruce Ismay became Chairman of the White Star Line. Bruce lived in Mossley Hill Road, Mossley Hill in Liverpool.
+Under the leadership of Joseph Bruce Ismay, the company went on to build RMS Celtic, RMS Cedric RMS Baltic, and RMS Adriatic.
+RMS Celtic
+RMS Cedric
+RMS Baltic
+RMS Adriatic
+In 1902, Bruce sold the White Star Line to J.P.Morgan & Co, of International Mercantile Marine Company, to which Bruce Ismay became president, In 1907 after the rival company Cunard Line launched The Lusitania and The Mauretania, Bruce decided to build three ships to compete with the Cunard Line.
+They wereto be named RMS Olympic, RMS Titanic and RMS Britannic.
+RMS Olympic
+RMS Britannia
+RMS Titanic
+The Titanic's Liverpool Crew
+The Titanic was built by Harland and Wolff, in Belfast and was launched on the 31st May 1911, after sea trials she was ready for her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York.
+The majority of the Titanic Crew although based in Southampton were from Liverpool, and had worked on other ships belonging to the White Star Line. This was a way of life for Liverpool families, in which the main bread earner was a seafarer and would spend weeks sometimes months away from home and their loved ones. The White Star Line employed a lot of Liverpool people.
+The people of Liverpool are still very proud of the connections to the sea and the shipping lines. The shipping companies helped to strengthened the relationships between ports, and the pride of the Titanic was no exception.
+The maiden voyage of the Titanic on the 10th April 1912, from Southampton, was delayed by half an hour because of a near collision with the SS New York which was docked nearby. The SS New York broke away from her moorings coming extremely close to the departing Titanic.
+The Titanic's fixtures and fittings
+There are many other Liverpool connections to the Titanic such as the Liverpool firms who fitted out the ship. These including Thomas Utley & Co. Ltd. of Silverdale Avenue, Old Swan who supplied the brass fittings. Stonier & Co. Ltd of 78 Lord Street, Liverpool who supplied the Bone China, earthenware and cut glass. The Music Directors and Agents C.W & F.N Black based on the 3rd floor of 14 Castle Street, provided the musicians which included the Bass Violinist, Fred Clarke of 22 Tunstall Street, Liverpool.
+Maiden Voyage
+After the delay, the maiden voyage of the Titanic setting off was uneventful, after leaving Southampton she called into Cherbourg France and Queenstown in Ireland. On leaving Queenstown the ship was carrying 2,201 people on board as she headed out across the Atlantic bound for New York.
+The evening of the 14th April, with the temperatures dropping in the Atlantic, iceberg warning where received and passed onto Captain Smith, another message was at received at 1.45pm sent from the ship Amerika, warning the Titanic of large icebergs lay in her path, later that evening another message was passed to the Titanic from the ship Mesaba, of large icebergs.
+Captain Smith placed lookouts Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee to at their posts. At 11.40pm, Frederick Fleet spotted a large iceberg straight ahead of the Titanic, he sounded the ships bell three times and telephoned the bridge with the warning "Iceberg right ahead!" The Sixth Officer, James Moody, on the bridge gave the order "hard a starboard", but it was to late and within a few seconds the ship was on the iceberg, and running along side it, the damage caused to the hull, was below the waterline, and the ship started taking on water.
+Captain Smith, who had felt the impact, went straight to the bridge and ordered a full stop. On inspection of the damage he realised that the Titanic was sinking, Captain Smith ordered the lifeboats to be readied and a distress call was sent out. Sadly for the crew in the bowels of the ships engine room it was too late, a lot of the crew had perished with the collision.
+A full list of the Liverpool Crew Members who were on board the Titanic, and their fate...
+Liverpool Crew aboard the Titanic
+Surnames A-C
+Allan, Robert Spencer
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Durlston, Kenilworth Road, Polygon, Southampton Age 36, Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Andrews, Charles Edward
+-
+Steward, Saved, Millbrook Road, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 19 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Ashcroft, Austin Aloysius -
+Clerk, Lost, Canterbury Road, Seacombe, Cheshire, Age, 26 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Ashe, Henry Wellesley -
+Glory Hole Steward, Lost, Wyresdale Road, Liverpool, Age, 32 Place of Birth: Aintree, Liverpool
+Bannon, John, Greaser -
+Lost, St George's Street, Southampton, Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Barrett, Frederick William
+-
+Leading Fireman, Saved, King Street, Southampton, Age, 28, Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Benville, E
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Orchard Lane, Southampton, Age, 42, Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Bird, Charles Frederick
+-
+Storekeeper, Lost, Bessborough Road, Birkenhead Age, 42 Place of Birth: Birkenhead signed on as C F Morgan
+Black, Alexander -
+Fireman, Lost, Briton Street, Southampton, Age: 28 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Boston, William John
+-
+Assistant Steward, Lost, Hanley Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Boyes, John Henry
+-
+Steward, Lost, Clovelly Road, Southampton Age, 33 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Bunnell, Wilfred -
+Plate Steward, Lost, Kingsfield Road, Southampton, and 212 Bedford Road, Liverpool Age, 20 Place of Birth: Birkenhead
+Burke, Richard Edward -
+Lounge Steward, Lost, Southampton Road , Chandler's Ford, Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Carney, William -
+Lift Steward, Lost, Cairo Street, West Derby Road, Liverpool, Age, 31 Place of Birth: Bristol
+Casey, T, Trimmer
+-
+Lost, Sailors' Home, Oxford Street, Southampton, Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Clarke, John Frederick Preston
+-
+Musician, Lost, Tunstall Street, Smithdown Road, Liverpool, Age, 30
+Cotton, A, Trimmer
+-
+Lost, Shore Cottage, Hythe, Hants Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Couch, Joseph Henry
+-
+Greaser, Lost, Canton Street, Southampton, Age, 45 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Crafter, Frederick
+-
+Steward, Saved, Albert Road, Chapel, Southampton, Age, 27 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Crispin, William P
+-
+Glory Hole Steward, Lost, Sainfoin Villa, Station Hill, Eastleigh Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Cullen, Charles
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Saved, Warburton Road, Seaforth, Liverpool Age, 45 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Cunningham, B
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Briton Street, Southampton, Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Surnames D-F
+Davies, Gordon Raleigh
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Hiawatha, Hillside Avenue, Bitterne Park, Southampton, Age, 33 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Davies, Thomas
+-
+Leading Fireman, Lost, Church Lane, Highfield, Southampton, Age, 33 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Davis, G.R
+-
+Steward, Age, 33 Place of Birth: Liverpool ( see Davies Gordon Raleigh )
+Dillon, Thomas Patrick
+-
+Trimmer, Saved, Sailors' Home, Oxford Street, Southampton Age, 34 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Donoghue, T
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Ludlow Road, Itchen, Southampton Age, 35 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Evans, George Richard
+-
+Steward, Lost, Richmond Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Farquharson, William Edward
+-
+Senior 2nd Engineer, Lost, Wilton Avenue, Polygon, Southampton Age, 39 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Fay, Thomas Joseph
+-
+Greaser, Lost, Standford Street, Chapel, Southampton Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Fellowes, Alfred J
+-
+Assistant Boots Steward, Lost, Bridge Road, Southampton Age, 29 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Fisher, R
+-
+Plate Steward, Duncan Street, Portsmouth Age, 24 Place of Birth: Liverpool (Failed to join)
+Fleet, Frederick
+-
+Lookout, Saved, Norman Road, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 25 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Ford, Thomas
+-
+Leading Fireman, Lost, Russell Street, Southampton Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Surnames G-K
+Giles, John Robert
+-
+2nd Baker, Lost, Lyon Street, Nicholstown, Southampton, Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Gregson, Mary
+-
+Stewardess, Saved, Lawn Road, Portswood, Southampton Age, 40 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hamilton, Ernest W
+-
+Assistant Smoke Room Steward, Lost, Shirley Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 25 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Harrison, Norman
+-
+Junior 2nd Engineer, Lost, Coventry Road, Southampton Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hesketh, John Henry
+-
+2nd Engineer, Lost, Garrett Avenue, Liverpool Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hewett, Thomas
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Devonfield Road, Aintree, Liverpool Age,37 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hill, Henry Parkinson
+-
+Steward Lost, Hooper's Temperance Hotel, 66, Oxford Street, Southampton Age, 36 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hogg, Charles
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Bulwer Street, Everton, Liverpool Age, 37 Place of Birth: York
+Holland, Thomas
+-
+Reception Steward, Lost, Walton Vale, Liverpool Age, 28 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Holme, Nicholas
+-
+Fireman, delivery voyage only Age, 36 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hughes, William Thomas
+-
+Assistant 2nd Steward, Lost, Ivy Bank, Dyer Road, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 33 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hutchinson, James
+-
+Vegetable Cook, Lost, Woodcroft Road, Liverpool Age, 29 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Hyland, Leo James
+-
+Steward, Saved, Orchard Place, Southampton Age,19 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Jacobson, John
+-
+Trimmer, Lost, Duke's Road, Bevois Valley, Southampton Age, 29 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Jones, Albert (Bert)
+-
+Steward, Lost, Woodfield, Charlton Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 17 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Jones, Thomas William
+-
+Able Seaman, Saved, Nesfield Street, Liverpool Age, 32 Place of Birth: Anglesea
+Keegan, James
+-
+Leading Fireman, Lost, Crosshouse Road, Chapel, Southampton Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Kerr, Thomas
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Hartley Street, Southampton Age, 26 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Kieran, James
+-
+Chief 3rd Class Steward, Lost, Inglewood, Bellemoor Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Kinsella, Lewis
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Canal Walk, Southampton Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Kirkham, J, Greaser
+-
+Lost, Chapel Street, Chapel, Southampton Age, 39 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Surnames L-O
+Latimer, Andrew
+-
+Chief Steward, Lost, Glenwyllin Road, Waterloo, Liverpool Age, 54 Place of Birth: Lancaster
+Leather, Elizabeth May
+-
+Stewardess, Saved, Park Street, Port Sunlight Age, 41 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Lydiatt, Charles
+-
+Steward, Lost, Brunswick Square, Southampton Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Mason, J
+-
+Leading Fireman, Lost, Wickham Court, French Street, Southampton Age, 39 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Maxwell, John
+-
+Carpenter, Lost, Leighton Road, Southampton Age, 31 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McAndrew, Thomas
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Sailors' Home, Oxford Street, Southampton Age, 36 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McCarthy, Frederick J
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Charlton Road, Shirley, Southampton, Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McElroy, Hugh Walter
+-
+Purser, Lost, Polygon House Hotel, Polygon, Southampton Age, 37 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McGann, James
+-
+Trimmer, Saved, St George's Place, Southampton Age, 26 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McGarvey, Edward Joseph
+-
+Fireman, Lost, College Street, Southampton Age, 34 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McInerney, Thomas
+-
+Greaser, Lost, Eldon Street, Liverpool Age, 37 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McLaren, H (Mrs)
+- S
+tewardess, Saved, Shirley Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 40 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McMicken, Arthur
+-
+Steward, Saved, Suffolk Avenue, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 26 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McMicken, Benjamin Tucker
+-
+2nd Pantryman Steward, Lost, Suffolk Avenue, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 21 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+McMurray, William Ernest
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Empress Road, Kensington, Liverpool Age, 43 Place of Birth: Birkenhead
+Morgan, Charles Frederick
+( see real name Charles Bird )
+O'Connor, Thomas
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Linacre Lane, Bootle Age, 39 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Surnames P-S
+Palles, Thomas
+-
+Greaser, Lost, Upper Palmer Street, Liverpool Age, 42 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Proctor, Charles
+-
+Chef, Lost, Calderstones, 29, Southview Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 40 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Revell, William James Francis
+-
+Steward, Lost, Malmesbury Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 31 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Rice, C
+-
+Fireman, Saved, Oriental Terrace, Southampton Age, 32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Rice, John Reginald
+-
+Clerk, Lost, Kimberley Drive, Great Crosby, Liverpool Age, 25 Place of Birth: Hull
+Rimmer, Gilbert
+-
+Steward, Lost, Cranbury Avenue, Southampton Age, 27 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Roberts, Hugh H
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Mildmay Road, Bootle Age, 40 Place of Birth: Holyhead
+Roberts, Mary Keziah
+-
+Stewardess, Saved, Chestnut Grove, Nottingham, Age,30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Shaw, Henry
+-
+Kitchen Porter, Lost, Towcester Street, Liverpool Age,39 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Shea, Thomas
+-
+Fireman, Lost, Briton Street, Southampton Age,32 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Sloan, Peter
+-
+Chief Electrician, Lost, Clovelly Road, Nicholstown, Southampton Age, 31 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Small, William
+-
+Leading Fireman, Lost, Russell Street, Southampton Age, 40 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Strugnell, John
+-
+Steward, Lost, The Polygon, Polygon, Southampton Age, 30 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Swan, William
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Hale Road, Walton, Liverpool Age, 46 Place of Birth: Belfast
+Swarbrick, William J
+-
+Fireman, delivery voyage only, Age, 24 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Surnames T-Z
+Thomas, Albert Charles
+-
+Steward, Saved, Brunswick Place, Southampton Age, 23 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Thompson, Herbert Henry
+-
+Storekeeper, Lost, Eastwood, Lumsden Avenue, Southampton Age, 25 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Thompson, John William
+-
+Fireman, Saved, Howe Street, Primrose Hill, Liverpool Age, 42 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Threlfall, Thomas
+-
+Leading Fireman, Saved, St Martin's Court, Age,38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Wareham, Robert Arthur
+-
+Bedroom Steward, Lost, Park Road, Freemantle, Southampton Age, 36 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Weatherstone, Thomas Herbert
+-
+Steward, Lost, Kenilworth Road, Southampton Age, 24 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Webb, Brooke Holding
+-
+Smoke Room Steward, Lost, Modewena, Hanley Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 50 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Wheelton, Edneser Edward
+-
+Steward, Saved, Norwood House, Bellemoor Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 27 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Wilde, Henry Tingle
+-
+Chief Officer, Lost, Grey Road, Walton, Liverpool Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Williams, Arthur John
+-
+Storekeeper, Lost, Peter Road, Walton, Liverpool Age, 38 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Wilson, Bertie
+-
+Senior Assistant 2nd Engineer, Lost, Richmond Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 28 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Wright, William George
+-
+Glory Hole Steward, Saved, Emsworth Road, Shirley, Southampton Age, 40 Place of Birth: Liverpool
+Categories
+All
+RSS Feed
+Advertise
+About the Team
+Registered in England 8666565
+© Beatles Liverpool and More Ltd 2007-2018
+Amien Rais led and inspired the reform movement that forced the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, and ushered in an era of constitutional reform and democratization in the world's most populous Muslim-majority country, Indonesia. Rais was invited to Columbia University's Center for Study of Democracy, Toleration and Religion (CDTR) to participate in the visitor program, "Democratic Voices in the World's Religions." As part of his stay, Rais delivered a university-wide lecture, met with faculty and students and had the chance to speak with CDTR director Alfred Stepan and doctoral candidate Miriam Künkler for a candid and informative interview. Rais offers his perspective on contemporary politics in Indonesia, and the intersection of the secular and religious in political affairs. He retells the story of the night of 20 May 1998, the events surrounding Suharto's resignation and his chairmanship of the country's largest modernist Islamic organization, the Muhammadiyah.
+Stepan: In your biography, Putra Nusantara, by Amien Rais, Muhammad Najib and Irwin Omar, you are quoted with the following statement on page II:
+The Quran does not say anything about the formation as an Islamic state, or about the necessity and obligations, both moral and political obligations on the part of Muslims to establish a Sharia or Islamic state. Secondly, the Quran is not a book of law, but a source of law. If the Quran is considered a book of law, Muslims will become the most wretched people in the world.
+That is a very important statement. You obviously stand by it, or you would not have reprinted it in your book. When I spoke to our former dean, Professor Lisa Anderson, the past president of the Middle East Studies Association, earlier today, she said she believed that no comparable Muslim religious leader in the Middle East had ever made such a statement. Could you develop the reasoning that lies behind your position?
+Rais: As a Muslim, I believe that the Quran was revealed to the Prophet Mohammad in the early 7th century. But the Quran, to the Muslims, became a source of law, a source of moral and ethical principles, and the Muslims have to conform these Quranic moral and ethical principles with the world in which they live. Because if the Quran was a book of law, then after one or two centuries, the Quran would have become obsolete and outdated. But I believe that the Almighty God, by revealing the Quran to the whole of mankind, meant that our Quran must be treated as the reference for human beings in developing their day to day life, in accordance with the development of time.
+So, by treating the Quran as a holy scripture, which gives us guidance in terms of moral and ethical principles, Muslims become very flexible. I believe that basically the Quran emphasizes, first of all, egalitarianism between humans, and then justice. This, of course, includes legal, economic, social and educational justice. The Quran, again and again, tells Muslims, and for that matter all of mankind, that life does not stop at the cemetery; instead, life exists beyond the cemetery and is eternal. On the Day of Judgment, every action, every activity done by every single human being will be held responsible in front of the Almighty God.
+Stepan: You argue that the Quran does not say anything about the foundation of an Islamic state, or about the necessity on the part of Muslims to establish an Islamic state. Why do you insist on that?
+Because as a Muslim who almost every day recites the Quran, I do not find any Quranic verse which instructs us to build an Islamic state. There is no verse that states, for example, "All believers must build an Islamic state for you, because God wills that." But, the problem is that the Quran is like poetry, not prose. Poetry is more or less eternal. Maybe the analogy does not fit perfectly, but prose will go around for two or three centuries, whereas sophisticated poetry is eternal. God gives us just the moral and ethical principals. You can build your political system and maybe you call that democracy or monarchy, or even sultanate or emirate, but justice must be upheld.
+As long as every single citizen is given the opportunity to enjoy their freedom, as long as religious tolerance is guaranteed, I think that that is fully in accordance with the Quranic moral principles.
+Stepan: In your reading and interpretation of the Quran, you say that there is the notion of tolerance of and within all religions. Can you elaborate on that?
+Yes. I think there are at least two Quranic verses which say this. The first is, "la ikrah fi'd-din" (there is no compulsion in religion). And then, the Muslims are taught by the Quran to be tolerant of any other faith. There is also another verse which says that, "for you is your religion and for me is mine." In other words, the Quran teaches us this full coexistence among the followers of different religions. Even with the atheists, the Koran tells us to live in a peaceful life. Even with atheists (Sura 109).
+Stepan: For a politician, and a spiritual leader, it is quite interesting that you went out of your way to assert, and then to reprint, that if the Quran is considered the source of legislation, rather than a source, that Muslims will become wretchedly unhappy. Were you attacked For saying that? Did you have to elaborate on that publicly?
+If we treated our Quran as the book of law and then we give 100 percent literal interpretation, probably half of the Muslims, and maybe half of humankind, would have lost their hands. Because, in the Quran, a thief must be punished by having his or her hand cut off. While the more appropriate interpretation, I believe, is that the capacity, the ability to steal must be condemned, must be cut off. Not the literal, physical act of cutting off the hand, like some people interpret the verse.
+Secondly, even if we want to take it as this, then we have to see the context. For example, Caliph Umar, instead of cutting the hand of the thief, he gives the thief a financial gift to survive, because the thief happened to be very poor and then he steals just to survive, to feed the children, his wife. So, I mean, we have to see the context.
+Stepan: You also go further, and I'll quote, "We should not establish Islamic controversy and conflict. Indonesia should be built to be a modern state, every citizen of Indonesia to his or her own religion." How and why would a sharia state create conflict within the Indonesian political community and contradict Pancasila?
+Indonesia is the largest Muslim-majority country in the world. We have six official religions, then we have more than 250 ethnic groups, more than 200 local languages, then every ethnic group has its own tradition, its own habit. I agree with those who argue that basically Pancasila is the greatest present from Muslims to the Indonesian brothers and sisters. We respect our Christian, Hindu, Buddhist brothers and sisters, and in Indonesia we know exactly as Muslims, if some try to transform Indonesia into a sharia state, religious minorities will never ever agree, and then the most possible result is the disintegration of Indonesia. So we try to find a win-win solution to maintain the pluralism of Indonesia and then to maintain, of course, the integration of the big country called Indonesia. Our founding fathers finally came to a consensus, to a wonderful and local agreement that Pancasila must become our state ideology. Pancasila would become a political and philosophical umbrella for different groups in Indonesia, accommodating every religion.
+Pancasila, of course, is the five principles. The first is belief in one and only God. The second principle is humanism, which is just and civilized, the third is the unity of Indonesia. The fourth principle is people's sovereignty, and the fifth principle is social justice for the whole people of Indonesia. I think the majority of Muslims in Indonesia totally agree that not a single sila, or principle, of the five principles contradict the teachings of Islam.
+Stepan: Interesting. Powerful. There is a relatively small but influential Chinese population in Indonesia. When you were chair of the People's Consultative Assembly (1999 to 2004), the constitution was revised and you were able to make-and I think this is very important--Confucianism a recognized religion. There used to be Five officially recognized, and to some extent supported, religions. Now that the law has come into effect, there are six such officially recognized religions. Why did you add Confucianism, and how difficult was it?
+First of all, it is a fact of life that part of the Indonesian nation happens to be Confucian. And then every time I met my Chinese friends, my Chinese colleagues, they felt that they were discriminated against, because Confucianism is their faith, their religion, and it was not yet recognized officially. That's why I tried to contact different leaders from different groups, and taking important steps to make Confucianism one of our recognized religions. I talked to Abdurrahman Wahid, who was the country's president at the time, and he agreed with me. I also consulted with Megawati Sukarnoputri, the leader of Indonesian nationalists, and she also fully agreed. After some time it was decreed through government decree that Confucianism become an official religion. Then the Chinese were so relieved. There is no obstacle to giving Confucianism the full opportunity for the Confucians to fully live their faith.
+Stepan: In the analytic categories I use, I call France a secular state where there is "freedom of the state From religion," but there's another major Form of secularism in the United States which I call "freedom of religion From the state." So, in both France and the United States there is a form of separation of religion and state, but for quite different purposes and with quite different consequences. Often forgotten, though, is that many long-standing democracies have an established church. In fact, in the 1990s, every single Scandinavian country had an established Evangelical Lutheran Church. So we can't say in emphatic terms that as a democratic state you need a strict separation of religion and state.…Beside a strict separation, several models of religion-state cooperation are also compatible with democracy. I tend to think about this issue in the terms of the multiple secularisms of modern democracies.
+With regard to multiple secularisms, one of the great sociological inventions was in India. Their 1950 constitution created what the Indian social theorist Rajeev Bhargava calls a model of equal respect, equal support and principled distance for all religions, including the 140 million Muslims in the Hindu majority state of India. If Hinduism had been established as the official state religion in India, there would not have been social peace because, unlike Scandinavia, there was no religious homogeneity, and the intensity of religious practice in India was greater than in Scandinavia. But the key thing is that all religions are to some extent supported by the state in India.…
+Retrieved from:
+There are several different ways to perform this fragmentation operation. The validation of database global schema in conceptual view of a major concepts.
+Despite the above considerations it should support atomicity. Management Services What is blackout lining fabric? You use an optimal solution procedure and global query on changes the second one from centralized data schema in global conceptual database distributed offices of. Most Recent Posts SQL user interface, finterface, report generation tools and data mining and analysis tools. Community Life Thus, query processing becomes faster in distributed systems.
+Property Division Per Rachelle Stone Can use an Auxiliary Schema to store mappers, translators, and converters. For example, some elements might answer queries and others might store data.
+London suppliers of red parts. Dari mesin memiliki fungsionalitas penuh dbms wants efficient, distributed in global conceptual schema database server, since the allocation problem that of.
+Healthcare
+The design of a distributed DBMS involves fragmentation of data, allocation of fragments to specific sites and data replication, besides the normal difficulties of designing a centralized DBMS. Family Matters Teaching And Learning West Virginia University In order for the RPC to succeed, the called procedure must exist at the remote site, and the user being connected to must have the proper privileges to execute the procedure.
+The previous layers have already optimized the query, for example, by eliminating redundant expressions. But also be minimal effort required mappings that participates in such that enters and divisions within our previous layers that in database objects that appears in.
+Several sites may also a query optimizer will not even when it can mirror the distributed in. The monitoring performance of conceptual schema maps of an asynchronous replication may be paid to the amount of new processing is about the. Parts Specials HTTP interface for data access. After having received the results of the subqueries, the global DBS combines them to produce the complete query result. Financial Education Center As common data model constructing a global conceptual model by set of. Eager replication update strategies, as identified above, are synchronous, in the sense that they require the atomic updating of some number of copies.
+Analyzing requirements is the stage in as the work environment and the information processing requirements. Hence, the link is a connected user database link. Request A Demo We mentioned earlier that one of the potential advantages of distributed systems is improved reliability and availability. Varna Medical UniversityDml operations of db hosts. An acknowledgement to facebook, schema in order to a database systems are not be reconsidered and execution monitor coordinates the stored procedures that has a brief overview of.
+Management is a truly distributed data models, database in modeling has been realized, object on the data at existing datadescriptions. Dermott Juvenile Treatment Center The idea is that strongly related objects are more subject to common use than the others.
+Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher. Castilho passed away while this paper was in the rewiew process.
+GCS mappings from their persistent states in local DBSs. SetDesigning heterogeneous distributed databases implies dealing with data integration and heterogeneities of every kind, as we must overcome the fact that the same or similar data may be represented in different ways in each participating database.
+Mueller Park Junior High Addition One principal difference among database links is the way that connections to a remote database occur. This call is invoked when a program calls a remote procedure.
+Each site prefix its own site identifier to any name it generated. Data server for DB systems offer much more functionality, theysupportunits of data, such as page, tupelos, or objects that are smaller than file.
+Get the complete solution right now. Conditions We TreatBy permuting the ordering of operators within one query on fragments, many equivalent queries may be found. Oracle Database data stores by using either a Heterogeneous Services ODBC agent or a Heterogeneous Services OLE DB agent.
+Types of databases Tutorialspoint. An mdbs maintains information since the key may be translated algebra query time synchronization and database distributed? ResearchIn case one or more cycles break each cycle by rolling back a transaction this operation will break the entire cycle. Charity Diy Engine Bay PartsThis fragmentation predicates is accepted by providing global transaction in global conceptual schema, this would be granted c the site where it?
+If a centralized system does nonecessarily imply the distributed database system specifications within the wrapper concept. Community Partner ReferralsExample application: travel reservation service for planes, trains, ferries, hotels, etc. These terms are often used interchangeably but there are not the same things ataase: is the set of physical files containing data. What is global conceptual schema Answers Answerscom. CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK sales. The principle as global conceptual schema in distributed database system, who are used interchangeably but we shall introduce heterogeneity because user, perceived social science in.
+Beauregard Alternative Program Graphics The client is relatively rapid and the centralized databases using encapsulation of software system in global conceptual schema distributed database link sales related to complete, transition between schema definition is independent of a reality. Update Contact Info Coordinating the termination of the transaction, this may result in the transaction being committed at all sites or aborted at all sites.
+Thus, each fragment would be a different object. Automotive Engineering DDBMS can be classified as a homogeneous or heterogeneous system. Typically specify schema part of conceptual schema in global distributed database system is a distributed across a number customers who access this form or processing management to data that would translate directly.
+What are similarities between the scheme of work and lesson plan? Increased overhead on update since the update must be propagated to all sites.
+Global dictionary information is used to query and manipulate the data. When one of the computers fails, the workload is picked up by other workstations.
+Detox
+Add To Compare
+World War I
+Donation Request
+Lessons
+Synergy Network Solutions, Inc. Replication across the slow but most viable proposed framework to this data at least two categories depending on reliability in conceptual schema in global database distributed?
+The global conceptual schema database in distributed database and data. Certainly, this user will never access any data instance out of this subset.
+Training Opportunities Fleet Management Distributed dbms is provided to be able to a distributed in global conceptual schema.
+The horizontal fragmentation divides a relation into subsets of tuples based on selection operations. Each of the individual DBMSs is free to make its own decision as to what type of information it wants to provide to the other DBMSs or to the software that controls their global execution.
+To find a feasible plan, if one exists, we use an algorithm called chain. First describes some problems in global conceptual schema database distributed?
+The different types of data are identified, and an architectural framework is specified which defines the functional units that will realize or use data according to these different views. Hindi Northern Chapter 15 Distributed Database Systems Table of contents. Queries addressed to the global DBS are decomposed into subqueries which are evaluated in the local DBSs. Secondly, what is an example of a conceptual model?
+Derived horizontal fragmentation Classes which constitute the object database are not independent from each other, and relationships cannot be ignored while fragmenting a class horizontally. Coding Movie Making Robotics Camp Modular extension in adistributed system is much easier. University Of VirginiaThis simplifies the generation of global objects, that may be performed by querying the local DBS identified by the composite key, using their local identification, also extracted from this key, as selection criterion.
+Initially, HIS will necessarily have a high degree of local autonomy. You want to usable state that in global.
+Santa Claus and his diligent elves have happily jumped on the new technologies train and they are using a DDBMS to store information about kids, toys and what toys each kid has asked for. How To Stencil Spring DecorationsDdb users of both domains, autonomous local transactions: the allocation and in schema mapping also helps in. What are the dimensions of a monster energy drink can?Sign Up For The NewsletterWhat channel is newsmax on spectrum?Order ManagementFragmentation is to successfully reported this unit used here the network as themselves why do much complicated than homogeneous ddbs are continuously evolving among database schema describing the relational.BathroomsPlease enable Cookies and reload the page.Dental Care Remote EqualityBecause smaller tables referenced objects require minor one.Child PagesPassword
+Data Ownership The site that has the privilege to update the data is known as the owner of the data. To this end, location transparency as well as the proper distinction between interface definitions and their implementations are important benefits of the CORBA approach.
+Database is available at all sites, it is easy to manage a large body of information Published! Although recoveries in distributed systems are more complex than in centralized systems, the ability to continue normal execution in spite of the failure of one site increases availability.
+Distributed Database Management Systems Learning. Bouvet Island Several non relational database global conceptual schema we mainly for. Each view can be replicated, heterogeneous and integrity constraints, note that global database systems, mayhave multiple databases. CHEMISTRY POWERPOINT SLIDES Oracle transparent gateway products and write to identify, sometimes referred to fulfil this is not necessary synchronisation of schema in global conceptual distributed database in legacy applications.
+These in some preliminary investigation, the heterogeneous distributed in distributed database? Second additional schema levels are database global object identification of sets, integration schemas of the defining structures for flexibility to the.
+In this guide, we will learn what is an instance and schema in DBMS. The varioustopologies are represented as graphs whose nodes correspond to sites.
+New York City The federated database becomes a central server on top of the participating autonomous databases. The algorithm is based on integer linear programming methods. Planning Department This claim is closely related to data locality.
+The class dependency graph is thus partitioned into a set of partition trees called partition forest. An organisation that database global schema in distributed.
+By sending several subqueries to the participating local DBSs at a time, query evaluation runs in parallel as far as possible. DBMSs, is responsible for operating the DDB. Distribution are attached to global schema, there is that includes some of applying horizontal fragmentation strategy, distribution transparency for an object properties presented with tightly coupled sites may be.
+The message server architecturemainly focuses on intelligent messages. The derived fragmentation Relations in a database schema are not independent.
+As with the other schema architectures, external schemas are defined from the federated schema. The databases which is most users may be much less likely to a query evaluation runs in global conceptual schema in distributed database, the classification introduced with.
+It states the physical distribution of data across the different sites. Get this download for free with an upload.
+Breaking this fmdbs, distributed in database global conceptual schema is. Such as input data schema in global conceptual schemas of the existing units as per se, possibly order to execute distributed database computing the way.
+Management of distributed data is a very complicated task than the management of centralized data. It to database global schema in conceptual distributed?
+
+|
+Search
+|
+Today's Post
+|
+Star Trek Online
+>
+Feedback
+>
+Reputation System
+At what point will multiple rep systems stop you from creating new characters?
+Search
+Today's Posts
+Mark Forums Read
+Page 4 of 19
+<
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+14
+>
+»
+Thread Tools
+Display Modes
+earlnyghthawk
+Commander
+Join Date: Apr 2013
+Posts: 392
+# 31
+06-30-2013, 05:32 PM
+The rep system has really, no bearing on what I do. If I feel like doing some on the reps, I do. If not, I don't. So it kind of varies from week to week. Main thing I'm heading for, is 1 of each career type/faction, eventually.
+butcher suspect, "What'd you hit me with?"
+Temperance Brennan, "A building"
+masterkeychnk5
+Commander
+Join Date: Sep 2012
+Posts: 486
+# 32
+06-30-2013, 05:41 PM
+I stopped bothering making new alts, in fact i stopped caring for most of my already existing ones.
+The saddest part about this whole reputation system its making PvP even more miserable then it already is.
+Every rep they add increases the gap between newcomers and oldskool players even more.
+So much for Cryptic actually wanting to make PvP better ey? Oh wait, they dont.
+Last edited by masterkeychnk5; 06-30-2013 at
+05:45 PM
+.
+claransa
+Career Officer
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 189
+# 33
+06-30-2013, 07:55 PM
+Short and sweet answer... when it came out.
+I'm grinding rep on one toon, my main, and won't ever bother doing it on any of my alts. They became bank toons the day Cryptic put reputation projects on live.
+That said I'm not necessarily against the reputation system, its okay once.
+Winter Event - Romulan Reputation done
+still working on everything else and they keep adding more.
+voicesdark
+Survivor of Romulus
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 789
+# 34
+06-30-2013, 09:04 PM
+Unless you're in a top fleet with unlimited access to everything and anything there is no point to pvp. That only leaves PVE/FLEET/STF. For PVE and Fleet you don't really need anything specific, obviously the better the gear the better you'll be, but it isn't a necessity. If you don't have access to fleet gear than that just leaves you rep gear for preparing for Elite STFs where quality gear matters.
+I've seen plenty of players just save up for the Aegis set or even just use the Breen, Jem or other free sets and manage to do just fine so there real question isn't what point do you stop doing multiple reps, but is there even a reason to.
+I'm a Rom, so I wanted to check out the Rom rep so I'm bothering with that one, and there are some decent abilities on the Omega rep so I might bother with that one, but that's about it otherwise I would just go it with the free or exchange gear.
+ussberlin
+Career Officer
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 238
+# 35
+07-01-2013, 07:01 AM
+Someday when all my 3 Fed Tac , 1 Eng and 1 Sci have all and my Tac Kling and my Tac Rom. I might level up 2 more Kling and Rom (Sci,Eng) but then can take some years maybe if not mutch more Rep System come.
+I think 4 Rep Systems are enough now. Maybe 1 more Spec Event after Winter and Summer.
+only with 1 i have all Events done at moment with 1 more i could have all soon when i play some Mirror Events Hours
+Level 50 Cpts:
+W-T-Riker;
+Jadzia; Sharan; K'Dhan;
+T-W-Riker; T'Pok;
+Ehrehin;
+Shanara; Karana; Lukara
+Subscribed For: 1200 Days 23-08-2013
+chris919uk
+Lt. Commander
+Join Date: May 2013
+Posts: 186
+# 36
+07-01-2013, 07:22 AM
+At present I have Omega T3 and Romulan T3 rep done on my Romulan KDF main character. Nukara is also nearly at T2 but tbh I have no plans to go further than Nukara T2. I'm now spending time getting what I want from the Mk XI Omega and Rom sets because I feel like I'm endlessly grinding rep and getting no real returns. I expect I'll take this character to T5 Omega/Rom rep eventually.
+My alt is a Fed and I have nearly Omega T3 and Romulan T3 done but I'm seriously bored with doing the rep since thats all I'm doing on my main. I don't have the time to do this on 2 characters really so I've started avoiding playing my Fed.
+I recently rolled an Orion so I can eventually use the Vo'Quv carrier I bought off the exchange and I will say now that I have absolutely no intention of doing any rep on this character ever because its bloody boring and after a while kills my enjoyment of the game.
+lordhavelock
+Rihannsu
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 1,417
+# 37
+07-01-2013, 07:57 AM
+I currently have 22x characters (+1 mule on an Alt-Silver account, who never gets
+played
+, only used for the occasional utility functions):
+11x Feds
+9x KDF
+2x RR
+I have maxed all three Reps on my Main, and will "always" complete Reps on that character.
+I have Omega/Rom Rep completed on 4 (nearly 5) "primary" alts, the ones that get regular play time in my rotation. Nukara? Only completed thus far on my Main. Since there's no real End Reward (like a sum of Dil or Marks, as the other Reps) or worthy Mk XII gear, I will probably not bother finishing it on any other... I have one or two Scis that may go to T4, the rest of the Primary Alts will stop by T2.
+The remaining Secondary Alts were mostly made for thematic reasons (my Vulcan captain and "all" Vulcan crew D'kyr, for example). These rarely get played, so will likely never get Reps.
+Since Reps were introduced
+, I've created 4x characters: An Andorian I made just before the Andorian ships coming out (but he's still only L38 and I never did buy the ships, HA!), my 2x Rommies, and a new KDF "Pirate" that I want to put in the Risian Corvette. At least one of the Roms will get Omega/Rom Rep-leveled (maybe L2 Nukara). Probably not the others.
+I see no point that multiple Reps will stop character creation.
+I figure as the system progresses... Say this time next year when there are (guessing) 5 or 6 Reps... I figure I'll keep my Main updated as new ones are released. All my alts (new or created) will continue to pick and choose, depending what any given Rep offers.
+Some day, when there's 20 Reps, the only people who will have them all will be the Vets. The "norm" will be that New players (and most Alts) might only specialize in one or two.
+You can find/contact me in game as
+@PatricianVetinari
+.
+Original Join Date:
+Feb 2010
+.
+Need Help with Ship's Power?
+Ship Power Guide and Calculator
+.
+malkarris
+Rihannsu
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 608
+# 38
+07-01-2013, 08:14 AM
+I will still create new alts, as I like to have one captain per ship, with a few excpetions. But I'm not grinding rep on all of them, since most of them end up being doffers/miners for the most part. And even my main hasn't started on Nakura rep yet. Unless something comes over as OMG powerful, I'll stick to building my characters per a theory, and not just going for everything as it comes out.
+Joined September 2011
+Nouveau riche LTS member
+bluegeek
+Community Moderator
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 2,936
+# 39
+07-01-2013, 09:33 AM
+Mostly I don't bother trying to level rep on all of my characters, not even my main. Highest I have in anything is T4 Romulan rep.
+As it is, I don't have enough Zen/Dil/EC to get all of the things I'd like to have and I don't have the luxury of time or money to do it for one character let alone all of them.
+My main will probably eventually be at least Tier 1-2 in all of them. I'm not in a big hurry. On my alts, I will pick and choose but probably not get much past T2-T3 in one or two reps.
+The system was never designed to allow everyone to max out everything, so I don't sweat it. I'd rather play my alts the way I want to because I like playing different characters.
+That said, I think the Rep system is too much of a grind and it's too expensive to collect the project requirements. I wish it was more time/achievement based and less about time/currency. If it were about completing mission arcs, or DOFF chains, it would be less tedious and I'd be a lot more interested in trying to complete
+-
+Link: How to PM
+allen78j20sto
+Career Officer
+Join Date: Jun 2012
+Posts: 41
+# 40
+07-01-2013, 09:49 AM
+I have 4, 2 fed 1 kdf and 1 rom. I only do rep on my main fed and kdf, mainly as an afterthought. If I look and I have enough marks and items to move it along ill do it but its a pain and I never liked grinding. Ill never do nukara.
+Quote:
+Originally Posted by
+trimenranger1
+the freighter can't even fight a cold.
+Quote:
+Originally Posted by
+thepantsparty
+Yes it can, medical supplies and antigens are sold on-board cheaply.
+Page 4 of 19
+<:07 PM
+.
+
+POSTER PRESENTATIONS
+WUSF TV and Radio
+WUSF Public Broadcasting is a multimedia provider of educational, music and news content to West Central Florida. Situated on the Tampa campus of the University of South Florida, WUSF offers television broadcasts on Channel 16 and radio broadcasts on 89.7. WUSF also provides content through four digital television stations and its Web site, , including podcasts and live streams of its two digital radio channels. The University-licensed stations regularly feature University faculty, staff and students, including live music performances, expert analysis and student news reports. WUSF is currently expanding its popular University Beat into a television production that will debut in 2007. WUSF’s audience includes nearly 1 million television viewers and nearly 300,000 radio listeners, enough people to fill Raymond James stadium 18 times over each week. WUSF recorded almost 1.5 million visits to its web site last year, including 40,000 podcast subscribers to Florida Matters, a weekly news program hosted by Carson Cooper.
+IntellisMedia, a division of WUSF Public Broadcasting, provides customized communications, production and technology solutions to clients in corporate, government, education and nonprofit sectors. Services include video and audio production, creative services and engineering services. WUSF studios are available to clients through IntellisMedia and are among the largest and best equipped in the Tampa Bay area. The IntellisMedia team includes experienced communications, production and technology professionals. Since 2000, IntellisMedia productions from WUSF have won more than two dozen national, state and regional awards from industry organizations. IntellisMedia is one of only four organizations authorized by the State of Florida to provide circuit courts with numerous digital solutions, including court recording and digital storage. For more information, contact R. Gary Byrd, director of IntellisMedia, at 813-396-9850.
+Patrick Morris, WUSF, TVB100, 813.905.6917, pmorris@wusf.org
+Ron Carkhuff, WUSF, TVB100, rcarkhuff@wusf.org
+2nd floor MC Lobby | Table 1
+return to top ^
+What’s New at the Library: The Latest in Electronic Resources
+The Tampa Library continues to offer a variety of technological applications and electronic access to support
+student and faculty research and teaching. A new library website was launched early in spring semester 2007. RefWorks, a web-based bibliographic management tool, continues to be very popular. In addition online audio, video and image collections have been added. Librarians will demonstrate the new and exciting electronic resources.
+Ginny Cunningham, Library – Reference, LIB 112, 813.974.5408, gcunning@lib.usf.edu
+Ilene Frank, Library—Reference, LIB 112, 813.974.2483, ifrank@lib.usf.edu
+Rue McKenzie, Library—Cataloging Media Resources, LIB 020, 813.974.6342, rmckenzie@lib.usf.edu
+Barbara Lewis, Library – Reference, LIB 112, 813.974.4040, blewis@lib.usf.edu
+Monica Metz-Wiseman, Library, 813.974.9854, monica@lib.usf.edu
+2nd floor MC Lobby | Table 2
+return to top ^
+Keeping Up With the YouTube Generation--Collaborating with Student Video Bloggers to Enhance Instruction
+Undergraduates can make significant contributions as members of multimedia production teams for USF campus projects. In this case, at USF Tampa Library, an undergraduate “YouTube video blogger” worked with library faculty and graduate students to create an information literacy video, “Databases!” The video was used as part of the USF instruction program during 2006-2007 year for library instruction classes. will share with attendees how the ideas were created and the extent to which student ideas, technology skills, and creativity made it work. Discussions with attendees will include the rationale for including students in the production of multimedia applications as well as the need for faculty to learn more about the latest tools for creating them.
+Susan Ariew, Library, LIB122, 813.974.0304, sariew@lib.usf.edu
+2nd floor MC Lobby | Table 3
+Using Online Communication Tools to Develop Peer-to-Peer Collaboration
+Online education programs continue to provide unique opportunities for faculty, staff, and students. Communication tools enhance online education by creating an interactive community for the participants. Incorporating these tools will allow participants to integrate content with peer-to-peer collaboration into discussions outside of the classroom setting. The use of email, discussion boards, and chat with faculty, staff, and students contributes to the learning environment by creating an online community enabling further depth in discussion beyond the classroom. Structured assignments linked with communication tools using small groups provide similar interactions to those in the face-to-face classroom, and may provide additional reflection on specific concepts. This time allows participants to gain insight with the content through their peers. By developing online courses that integrate communication tools, instructors connect their learners through peer-to-peer collaborations to promote a positive learning experience.
+Pradeep Vanguri, Physical Education, PED214, 813.974.4766, prvanguri@yahoo.com
+Room 283 | Table 1
+Incorporating Synchronous and Asynchronous Elements to Classroom Teaching: Benefits of Blended Instruction Model in Education Psychology
+Traditionally, education psychology students take classes either in asynchronous online models or in traditional classroom instruction. Students can benefit, however from participation in a blended instruction classroom which utilizes both online and traditional classroom experiences. Once a week, students participate in a classroom session with their professor who facilitates a learning discussion about the week’s concepts that students experienced through participation in online activities including completing simulations and experiments that illustrate basic developmental fundamentals. Rather than teaching education students about active learning via lecture format, professors create interactive learning experiences to stimulate active participation. Computer programs that contain exercises and experiments encourage students to actively prime their memory systems to encode, store, and retrieve information as they learn it. This model is called the blended instruction model and can be employed in virtually any college class. Students report greater retention of the concepts because of increased interest.
+Elizabeth Donnellan, Psychological and Social Foundations, 813.546.5569,
+edonnell@mail.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 2
+My WorkSpace: An Electronic Platform for Online Sharing, Discussion, and Collaboration
+Eliciting a sense of community and active participation in class activities is a challenge in traditional teaching situations and even more problematic in online environments. Additional limitations in online instruction, including typical issues of time/space (access) and relying on online course structures (delivery) featuring multiple areas for sharing, discussing, and collaborating may prevent students from reaching higher levels of online interaction. The purpose of My WorkSpace is to create a sense of community for all parties participating in a course by featuring a common space for posting work, discussing, and collaborating if needed. Instead of using separate Blackboard areas for posting work, discussing ideas, and/or collaborating, My WorkSpace serves as an integrated electronic platform for such activities. This poster session highlights the use of My WorkSpace as an online delivery and instructional strategy with focus on the creation, maintenance, and interface with Blackboard.
+Victor Hernandez, Adult, Career and Higher Education, EDU 162, 813.974.1277, vhgantes@coedu.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 3
+Creating Distributable Course Packages in Moodle
+Moodle, an open source course management system, provides an array of current technologies for educational purposes such as wikis, blogs, grade-books, glossaries, e-journals, tools for synchronous/asynchronous discussion and testing. One particular capability offered by Moodle is creating a course package which serves as a generic course blueprint and may include lesson plans, syllabi samples, quizzes, online activities, and other materials ready for use by other instructors. Such course packages will enhance the sharing of course activities among faculty and provide consistency in the delivery of multiple sections of the same course by different instructors. This session will demonstrate how to create such a course package, duplicate it, and then modify it to match the needs of a particular course.
+The presentation may be of interest to course developers, administrators, and teachers working in a school that is employing or may consider employing Moodle as an e-learning component of its curriculum.
+Irshat Madyarov, Secondary Education, CPR485, 813.974.4295, irshat@yahoo.com
+Anthony Erben, Secondary Education, EDU302G, 813.974.1652, terben@tempest.coedu.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 4
+Learning About Learning With Electronic Media
+This poster demonstrates the concept of “deutero-learning” or “second-order learning” using streaming videos, pictures, and websites with visual materials. Special attention will be paid to those images which teach people how to learn in a novel, humorous, or thought provoking way.
+David Lee, Communication, CIS1040, 813.974.2145, dhlee@mail.usf.edu
+Fred Steier, Communication, CIS1040, 813.974.6864, fsteier@luna.cas.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 5
+World Music Quest: a Collaborative, Cross-Curricular Podcast Project for General Music Instruction
+This project uses podcasting to help students, teachers and families learn about music of major world cultures. Students participate in a web-based World Music Quest, in which they view podcasts containing photos and music from a “mystery country.” Each successive podcast contains new musical examples, as well as additional clues to the identity of the country. Clues are created from information about the country’s customs, inhabitants, geography, economy, art, wildlife, and/or language(s). Students collaborate with the school music specialist, media specialist, classroom teachers and parents in order to research clues online and in the library. At the end of the Quest, students and teachers create a web page about the mystery country.
+Podcast projects such as World Music Quest are explored in Advanced Techniques and Research in General Music, a web-based master’s level course in music education. Software utilized in this unit includes GarageBand, iMovie, iTunes, Quicktime Pro and Profcast.
+Lisa Lehmberg, Music Education, FAH110, 813.989.1650, llehmber@mail.usf.edu
+David A. Williams, School of Music, FAH110, 813.974.9166, dwilliams@arts.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 6
+Online System for Evaluating Student Writings: CLAQWA
+The Cognitive Level and Quality of Writing Assessment (CLAQWA) is now available as an online system. By utilizing unique features of integrated Acrobat technology and web-based examples, faculty can provide feedback to students about their writing competence. This flexible system permits faculty to embed their own comments in students’ papers as well as to give feedback on any or all of the sixteen writing elements that define CLAQWA. Further, students are able to view examples for any of the sixteen writing elements, written at five levels. Comments within the examples help students understand how to improve their own writing. The system makes minimal assumptions about the individual faculty member’s expertise in writing pedagogy and reduces the amount of time used to provide tailored feedback. Most importantly, CLAQWA allows faculty to concentrate upon discipline-related issues.
+Teresa Flateby, Academic Assessment, SVC1001, 813.974.3077, tflateby@admin.usf.edu
+Joel Amnott, Anthropology, SOC 107, 813.974.2138, jamnott@mail.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 7
+Applications of Emerging Technology in Social Studies Education
+The digital age is providing the impetus for innovations in social studies. This session will model two applications of actively engaging graduate students in the construction of knowledge and learning with digital tools. FLY™ PenTop Computer is an accessible emerging technology that seamlessly integrates critical thinking skills into the social studies classroom with digital activities. Imagine a pen that scans and speaks to enhance learning! Professional application prototypes designed by graduate students, such as open discovery and guided imagery, will be demonstrated.
+This display also presents an example of integrating blogging and discussion forums into an online graduate level course that focuses on global perspectives within a digital community. Course participants will consult with people and access materials globally, gain tools to develop a greater understanding of personal stereotypes and prejudices, learn how to instruct from global perspectives, and establish vibrant classroom blog communities to aid in students’ cross-cultural awareness.
+Kenneth Carano, Secondary Education, EDU162, 941.962.2325, kcarano@mail.usf.edu
+Caroline Parrish, Secondary Education, EDU162, 813.264.9580, cvparris@mail.usf.edu
+Michael Berson, Secondary Education, EDU302, 813.974.7917,
+berson@tempest.coedu.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 8
+Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT)
+The Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT) works with faculty in various departments across campus to enhance teaching and learning through the appropriate use of technology. Through demonstration and discussion with our audience, we will present outstanding examples of courses, projects, resources, and information about FCIT services provided to the university.
+Faculty and student support staff from the FCIT Laptop Lounge will be on-hand to brainstorm with faculty about exciting new resources they can add to their course(s), how to integrate and use technology in special teaching situations, and will explore other opportunities to augment ongoing professional development. In addition, we will highlight how our work with the College of Education Laptop Initiative puts USF students and faculty at the leading edge of technology integration in teaching and learning.
+Contact information: FCIT, EDU 252, 813.974.6816,
+James Takacs, FCIT, EDU162, 813.974.6816, takacs@usf.edu
+James Welsh, FCIT, EDU247, 813.974.3471, jlwelsh@mac.com
+Jozan Powell, FCIT, EDU252, 813.974.6816, jpowell@marine.usf.edu
+Patryce Smith, FCIT, EDU252, 813.974.6816, PSmith@coedu.usf.edu
+BJ Bryant, FCIT, EDU252, 813.974.6816, ebryantj@mail.usf.edu
+Tina Hohlfeld. FCIT, EDU252, 813.974.6816, thohlfeld@coedu.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 9
+Web Resources at the Florida Center for Instructional Technology
+The Florida Center for Instructional Technology creates license friendly resources for education. Find clipart, photos, videos, interactive maps, and mp3 files all for use in educational projects.
+Michael Sweeney, FCIT, EDU162, 813.974.6953, msweeney@tempest.coedu.usf.edu
+James Welsh, FCIT, EDU252, 813.974.6816, jwelsh@coedu.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 10
+Center for 21st Century Teaching Excellence (C21TE)
+The Center table will offer examples and information about Center activities and services, including our year-long Increments and Transformations Institute for faculty, Elluminate Live! (synchronous online classrooms), workshops, grant programs, award program, and other activities and services.
+The primary mission of the C21TE Media Innovation Team is to collaborate with USF faculty throughout the process of developing, launching, and refining innovative instructional technologies whose sole purpose is to effectively enhance 21st century teaching and learning. This Center team is comprised of instructional designers, multimedia specialists, 3D modeling, graphics and animation experts, application and database developers, programmers, and audio/video producers. Our Media Innovation Team (MIT) will share information and examples of its faculty services, which also include comprehensive Blackboard course support.
+C21TE Staff, SVC1072, 813.974.2576,
+Room 283 | Tables 11 & 12
+Using Technology to Teach Collaborative and Interactive Culture Classes
+The LAM Project (LIN 2000, Language and a Movie) is a collaborative project of faculty in the Department of World Languages. The class utilizes podcast lectures (featuring more than a dozen faculty members in the department), online quizzes and discussions, audience response pads (clickers), as well as in-class film screenings and cultural outings. Through the use of Blackboard and screenings of films, students gain knowledge of the cultural history and linguistic distinctiveness of countries and peoples spanning several continents. Our presentation will demonstrate effective strategies of creating team-taught courses and encouraging peer-to-peer interactions in large classes.
+Margit Grieb, World Language Education, CPR 107, 813.974.6747, grieber@cas.usf.edu
+Ava Chitwood, World Language Education, CPR 107, 813.974.1755, Chitwood@luna.case.usf.edu
+Lindsey Mercer, C21TE/MIT, SVC0046, 813.974.1515, lmercer@admin.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 13
+Web-Based Tutorial for Music Dictation
+The aural perception of a musical passage involves an ability to listen, recognize, relate, and retain any notable features as they continuously unfold in time. In this tutorial, students receive guided instruction, which allows them to select one of two modes: a practice mode with a controlled procedure for listening and notating, or a dictation mode, one that contains greater flexibility in selecting a procedure. Following the selection of a sound file, students are given instructional prompts, immediate feedback and different methods for entering the musical notation. The tutorial contains an audio orientation using Camtasia.
+Ann Hawkins, School of Music, FAH 136, 813.974.4849, hawkins@arts.usf.edu
+Todd Lincoln, C21TE/MIT, SVC0046, 813.974.8001, tlincoln@admin.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 14
+Learning the Science and Art of Diagnosis through a Simulation Tool
+The presentation introduces a computer-based system developed to assist students achieve competence and skills in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. The Internet-based simulation presents the student with two cases to choose from for diagnosis. After their initial choice, the student engages in an intuitive process of selection to determine the general category of the mental disorder described in the case’s narrative. Each of the student’s responses is followed by immediate feedback. If successful, the student is allowed to continue. If unsuccessful, an explanation of the error is provided and the student is given the possibility of responding again. The process is repeated until all expected answers are reached. This iterative process is followed by an application process. At this stage the student is required to support his or her diagnostic decision using information provided within the case’s narrative. Once the justification of the diagnosis is completed, the student is required to suggest an evidence-based psychotherapy for the treatment of the case’s disorder. A full description of the diagnostic steps followed to reach his or her diagnostic and treatment decision is then provided to the student. Finally, the opportunity to engage in the diagnosis and treatment of the second case is offered. The program provides a clear demonstration of the diagnostic process and the treatment selection while, at the same time, allows for the evaluation of student progress.
+Carlos Zalaquett, Psych & Soc Foundations, EDU162, 813.974.8220,
+zalaquet@tempest.coedu.usf.edu
+Christine Brown, C21TE, Media Innovation Team, SVC1072, 813.974.2756,
+brown@admin.usf.edu
+Room 283 | Table 15
+Faculty in Technology: Implementing Technology into the Teaching and Learning Process
+A faculty professional learning community, with members at differing levels of technological development, has focused on using technology to enhance the teaching and learning process; at the University of South Florida, Lakeland. Critical components that initiated the change process for this group included intensive training opportunities, learning community design, action research, just in time mentoring and coaching, and continuing dialogue. The faculty panel will present their personal stories of success and challenges, case studies, and action research findings on the following topics: webquests in higher education, technology-based assessment techniques, integration of classroom technologies, instructional videos, and application of courseware tools- Blackboard and beyond.
+Naomi Boyer, Teaching and Learning Technologies, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7022, nboyer@lakeland.usf.edu
+Smita Mathur, Social and Psychological Foundations, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7087, smathur@lakeland.usf.edu
+Cynthia Patterson, English, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7707, cpatterson@lakeland.usf.edu
+Rita Meadows, Childhood/Language Arts/Reading, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7018, rmeadows@lakeland.usf.edu
+Kim Lersch, Criminology, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7073, kimlersch@lakeland.usf.edu
+JoAnne Larsen, Industrial & Mgmt Systems, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7061, jwlarsen@lakeland.usf.edu
+Alessio Gaspar, Information Technology, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7088, alessio@lakeland.usf.edu
+Jennifer Cainas, Acounting, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7729, jcainas@lakeland.usf.edu
+Barbara Loeding, Special Education, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7065, bloeding@lakeland.usf.edu
+Rosemarie Lamm, Anthropology, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7031, rlamm@lakeland.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Tables 1 & 2
+SOFTICE Year #3: Serving Virtual Machines from a Scalable Hardware Platform for Operating Systems, Networking and Linux System Administration of Undergraduate Laboratories
+The SOFTICE project is a NSF sponsored effort in applying Linux virtualization and clustering technologies to facilitate the support and maintenance of courses of the computing curricula which require students to have privileged access to workstations.
+Over the past 3 years, we developed an innovative infrastructure allowing students to access their own personal Linux virtual machine from anywhere over the internet. While nowadays such an approach is slowly becoming standard, our original proposal is still one step ahead as we are stacking this virtualization layer on top of a load balancing cluster to provide an inexpensive, flexible and scalable hardware platform to support it.
+This technology has been leveraged by our team to design hands-on laboratories for operating systems, networks and Linux system administration of undergraduate courses. We will demonstrate the possibilities of our virtual machines, the ease with which the infrastructure can be managed and discuss the main pedagogical innovations which it enabled in the three above-mentioned courses.
+Alessio Gaspar, Information Technology, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7088, alessio@softice.lakeland.usf.edu
+Sarah Langevin, USF Lakeland, sarah@softice.lakeland.usf.edu
+William Armitage, Information Technology, USF Lakeland, armitage@softice.lakeland.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 3
+The Role of Technology in Teaching Communication Skills to Engineering Students
+Engineers are generally not known as good communicators and this translates to engineering students are generally not taught to be good communicators. In students’ minds, communication skills are at best a subordinate skill that lacks the importance of modeling production lines or designing products. They do not connect these skills to writing business documents that require not only facts and numbers but also recommendations and opinions.
+By incorporating Blackboard’s on-line classroom feature called Discussion Board into an engineering course’s curriculum, EGN 3615 Engineering Economy, a virtual environment was created where students had to communicate their position and respond to other positions concerning events relating to globalization, economics, and engineering.
+This presentation will include two surveys: (1) of engineering instructors to determine the extent this feature is used and (2) of students who have had the course. It will also document the evolution of selected students’ postings.
+Rebekah Pratt, Industrial Engineering, LTB2169, USF Lakeland, 863.667.7728, rpratt@lakeland.usf.edu
+JoAnne Larsen, Industrial Engineering, 863.667.7061, LTB2173, USF Lakeland, jwlarsen@lakeland.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 4
+Teaching Archaeology in 3D: Use of Computer Visualizations and 3D Models in the Classroom and Field
+Innovative use of three dimensional technologies such as laser scanning and computer visualization are integrated in the classroom, providing a new medium for teaching archaeology. Using data from ongoing projects at Florida and Mesoamerican archaeological sites, the authors demonstrate how three dimensional content used in the classroom provides an exciting new way for students interested in studying archaeology and heritage management to view sites, features and objects. Students participate in field data collection, getting hands-on experience with the techniques and learn how to utilize the information for management and preservation projects at Florida archaeological sites. The 3D scenes and objects are also useful for developing public interpretives and for creating virtual content for internet learning and research, with a current project including the development of a three dimensional database of Mesoamerican sculpture.
+Lori Collins, Anthropology, SOC 107, 813.974.0613, lcollins@cas.usf.edu
+Travis Doering, Anthropology, SOC107, 974.0613, tdoering@mail.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 5
+Geographic Information Systems and Access Management
+Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a technological tool used in transportation research to analyze spatial patterns, such as crash prone areas. This presentation will demonstrate the use of geospatial and statistical technologies to analyze the characteristics of crashes in relation to the transportation network in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. In particular, crash locations along major corridors, relationships to major traffic generators, and crash demographics are reviewed. Technologies used in the analysis include ArcGIS and global positioning systems (GPS) as well as statistical software packages.
+Christina Hopes, Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR), 813.974.9779, hopes@cutr.usf.edu
+Kristine Bezdecny, Center for Urban Transportation Research, CUT100, 813.974.3120, bezdecny@cutr.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 6
+Using 3D Design Software to Teach and Learn Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing
+Micro- and nano-manufacturing are important areas with challenging principles for students to understand in classroom lectures alone. This project introduces two 3D design programs, LEGO® Digital Designer and NanoEngineer-1, as meaningful and cost-effective means to reinforce concepts of micro- and nano-manufacturing to students. LEGO® Digital Designer is a 3D modeling and building system that allows students to virtually build their own designs using a variety of LEGO blocks while NanoEngineer-1 is a 3D molecular engineering program that enables the design of molecular models through virtual assembly. The use of these 3D design programs can enable students to interactively build micro- and nano-structures while applying the concepts learned in the classroom.
+Susana Lai-Yuen, Industrial & Management Systems Engineering, ENB118, 813.974.5547, laiyuen@eng.usf.edu
+Daniel Yankov, Industrial & Management Systems Engineering, ENB118, 813.974.5425, dyankov@eng.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 7
+Classroom Technology Services (CTS)
+Classroom Technology Services (CTS) supports faculty by providing access to audiovisual and distance learning services and resources, including 140 media rich classrooms and portable AV equipment, to accommodate instructional needs. When not supporting faculty in the academic classroom, CTS resources and services are extended to the broader university community on a fee basis. To learn more about these services, please contact (813) 974-2380, or visit
+Lynn Rejniak, Classroom Technology Services, SVC1072, 813.974.2380
+Jackie Fechter, Classroom Technology Services, SVC1072, 813.974.2380
+Room 296 | Table 8
+Reading for Pleasure, Writing for Purpose: a Novel Approach
+The presenters will invite attendees to surf teacher-created e-guides designed to accompany novels read in intermediate and advanced level ESL classes. Used in face-to-face, blended, and online courses, these electronic resource packs include several components that make reading novels a pleasurable, multi-faceted learning experience. Engaging, interactive exercises have been constructed to build schema and enrich context; enhance and assess reading comprehension; increase topic-related and academic vocabulary; sharpen sentence structure; and stimulate thinking and writing in a manner that simulates college literature and social science classes. In discussing process and product, the presenters will emphasize the buy-in and collaboration among fulltime and adjunct ESL faculty as well as administrative and technological support.
+Participants will explore both student and designer/instructor views in ANGEL (the LMS used by SPC, similar to Blackboard). The presenters will welcome questions, comments, and constructive criticism.
+Li-Lee Tunceren, ESL/Communications, SPC-St. Petersburg/Gibbs Campus, 727.443.4155,
+tuncerenl@spcollege.edu
+Susan Benson, Communications, SPC-Seminole Campus, 727.394.6208
+Room 296 | Table 9
+USF Health ASK Information Technology
+USF HEALTH ASK IT serves a Client user base of over 5000 USF Health faculty, staff and students. From podcasting to making your software work for you, ASK IT is devoted to providing answers for the questions about technology that perplex our USF HEALTH Community, IT solutions, and education customized to our user’s needs, and knowledge that gives our community the power to collaborate and innovate in the exciting and growing USF Health environment. Come see the services we offer our clients such as: Just- In-Time online training and help guides, creative ways to use podcasting to reach your students and departments, and how to foster collaboration using portal systems such as Microsoft Office and SharePoint.
+Susan Pringle, USF HEALTH Services, 813.974.6288, springle@hsc.usf.edu
+Anne Jones, USF HEALTH Services
+Chris Hoelle, USF HEALTH Services, choelle@hsc.usf.edu
+Amy Fioramonte, USF HEALTH Services, afioramo@health.usf.edu
+Stacey King, USF HEALTH Services, sking1@hsc.usf.edu
+Lesley Spencer, USF HEALTH Services, spencer@hsc.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 10
+Using Multimedia Presentations to Convey Values and Influence Beliefs
+Instructors in human service fields such as general or special education, social sciences and medicine are also responsible for shaping the beliefs and values their students will embrace regarding the individuals they’ll serve and the service systems they’ll enter. Conveying these attitudes can be particularly challenging with online and distance learning situations in which direct interaction is limited. The use of multimedia presentations is a powerful technique for influencing beliefs and values, as they capture personal thoughts, experiences and perspectives through a collage of still photographs and audio or video recordings.
+This session will provide an overview of the development process for such multimedia presentations, from identifying the right opportunity to constructing the presentation through the use of software programs such as Photoshop, Camtasia, PowerPoint Mediator, Movie Maker and Audacity. Examples of completed multimedia presentations used as instructional tools in human services web-based learning will be shown.
+Mary Reed, Child and Family Studies, MHC2113A, 813.974.6155, reed@fmhi.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 11
+Rheumatology Blue Man: An Interactive Program for Joint Pattern Recognition in the Rheumatic Diseases and Localized Pain Syndromes
+Recognizing the pattern of joint involvement in the rheumatic diseases is key to unfolding the diagnoses in these complex multi-system illnesses. In the rheumatology division, we teach students in all 4 years of medical school, medical and orthopedic residents, and rheumatology fellows in their subspecialty training. The concept of the rheumatology “Blue Man” activity started as a simple human figure printed on a piece of paper with various joints highlighted that we discussed during impromptu didactic sessions. Throughout the years, we have received significant positive feedback from our mentees regarding this activity. Now, we have advanced the activity with technology to be highly engaging, interactive and responsive to individual student performance. We are using Poser to render 3D human and skeletal computer models to replace the paper printouts and Flash to program an interactive drill and practice version of the Blue Man activity.
+Joanne Valeriano-Marcet, College of Medicine, MDC19, 813.974.2681,
+jvaleria@health.usf.edu
+Lara Westphal, Educational Affairs: Medicine, 813.974.0428, MDC54,
+lwestpha@health.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 12
+Advanced Gross Anatomy in the 21st Century: Virtual Osteology
+Three-dimensional datasets are proving to be of increasing value in the study of human anatomy. In this study, morphometric measurement was conducted to validate the accuracy of a virtual and a printed 3-D prototype relative to an actual skull. A virtual skull model was computed from volumetric CT data of a human skull (ScanIP, 3-D Studio Max©). A full size prototype was then produced from the virtual model using a Zcorp 3-D printer. Measurements made of all three specimens: the actual skull, the computed virtual model and the printed prototype, confirmed the morphometric accuracy of the modeling technology. With accuracy validated, virtual and/or prototypic models can now be used with confidence to teach cranial anatomy to students in a wide range of fields such as medicine, biological anthropology and the forensic sciences.
+Summer J Decker, Pathology & Cell Biology, MDL1012, 813.974.9480, sdecker@health.usf.edu
+Rafael C Guerra, Pathology & Cell Biology, MDL1012, 813.974.9480, rcguerra@gmail.com
+Eric Hoegstrom, Chemistry & Biomedical Engineering, MDL1012, 813.974.9480, erichoegstrom@hotmail.com
+Don Hilbelink, Pathology and Cell Biology, 813.974.9483, MDC 6, dhilbelink@health.usf.edu
+Room 296 | Table 13
+Academic Computing
+Academic Computing at the University of South Florida - a division of Academic Affairs reporting to the University Provost, Dr. Renu Khator - provides computing resources and services to the USF community in direct support of research and instruction. We provide computing assistance to USF students and faculty through our call center (974-1222 in Tampa or toll-free 1-866-974-1222 statewide), via e-mail (help-ac@usf.edu), in our help desk (LIB 117 in the Information Commons), in our training center (LIB 618) and on-site upon approved faculty request. We support research and instruction through...
+- the Research Computing Core Facility
+- university-wide information security resources
+- student e-mail service
+- web space (including blog, photo gallery and podcasting)
+- Academic USF: web hosting for research units and student organizations
+- open use computing facilities
+- the myUSF community portal and Blackboard course delivery system
+- support of the University network backbone, the connection to the
+- Internet, the Internet 2 connection, and wireless internet access
+Academic Computing also provides technical assistance to college and unit computing staff. Learn more about Academic Computing at
+Robert Cooksey, Academic Computing, LIB618, 813.974.1222
+Marshall Center Ballroom
+LIST OF PRESENTERS
+WUSF TV and Radio
+Patrick Morris & Ron Carkhuff
+What’s New at the Library: The Latest in Electronic Resources
+Ginny Cunningham, Ilene Frank, Rue McKenzie, Barbara Lewis, & Monica Metz-Wiseman
+Keeping Up With the YouTube Generation--Collaborating with Student Video Bloggers to Enhance Instruction
+Susan Ariew
+Using Online Communication Tools to Develop Peer-to-Peer Collaboration
+Pradeep Vanguri
+Incorporating Synchronous and Asynchronous Elements to Classroom Teaching: Benefits of Blended Instruction
+Model in Education Psychology
+Elizabeth Donnellan
+My WorkSpace: An Electronic Platform for Online Sharing, Discussion, and Collaboration
+Victor Hernandez
+Creating Distributable Course Packages in Moodle
+Irshat Madyarov & Anthony Erben
+Learning About Learning With Electronic Media
+David Lee & Fred Steier
+World Music Quest: a Collaborative, Cross-Curricular Podcast Project for General Music Instruction
+Lisa Lehmberg & David A. Williams
+Online System for Evaluating Student Writings: CLAQWA
+Teresa Flateby & Joel Amnott
+Applications of Emerging Technology in Social Studies Education
+Kenneth Carano, Caroline Parrish, & Michael Berson
+Florida Center for Instructional Technology (FCIT)
+James Takacs, James Welsh, Jozan Powell, Patryce Smith, BJ Bryant, & Tina Hohlfeld
+Web Resources at the Florida Center for Instructional Technology
+Michael Sweeney
+Center for 21st Century Teaching Excellence (C21TE)
+C21TE Staff
+Using Technology to Teach Collaborative and Interactive Culture Classes
+Margit Grieb, Ava Chitwood, & Lindsey Mercer
+Web-Based Tutorial for Music Dictation
+Ann Hawkins, Todd Lincoln, & Lindsey Mercer
+Learning the Science and Art of Diagnosis through a Simulation Tool
+Carlos Zalaquett & Christine Brown
+Faculty in Technology: Implementing Technology into the Teaching and Learning Process
+Naomi Boyer, Smita Mathur, Cynthia Patterson, Rita Meadows, Kim Lersch, JoAnne Larsen, Alessio Gaspar,
+Jennifer Cainas, Barbara Loeding, & Rosemarie Lamm
+SOFTICE Year #3: Serving Virtual Machines from a Scalable Hardware Platform for Operating Systems, Networking and Linux System Administration of Undergraduate Laboratories
+Alessio Gaspar, Sarah Langevin, & William Armitage
+The Role of Technology in Teaching Communication Skills to Engineering Students
+Rebekah Pratt & JoAnne Larsen
+Teaching Archaeology in 3D: Use of Computer Visualizations and 3D Models in the Classroom and Field
+Lori Collins & Travis Doering
+Geographic Information Systems and Access Management
+Christina Hopes & Kristine Bezdecny
+Using 3D Design Software to Teach and Learn Micro- and Nano-Manufacturing
+Susana Lai-Yuen & Daniel Yankov
+Classroom Technology Services (CTS)
+Lynn Rejniak & Jackie Fechter
+Reading for Pleasure, Writing for Purpose: a Novel Approach
+Li-Lee Tunceren & Susan Benson
+USF Health ASK Information Technology
+Susan Pringle, Anne Jones, Chris Hoelle, Amy Fioramonte, Stacey King, & Lesley Spencer
+Using Multimedia Presentations to Convey Values and Influence Beliefs
+Mary Reed
+Rheumatology Blue Man: An Interactive Program for Joint Pattern Recognition in the Rheumatic Diseases and Localized Pain Syndromes
+Joanne Valeriano-Marcet & Lara Westphal
+Advanced Gross Anatomy in the 21st Century: Virtual Osteology
+Summer J Decker, Rafael C Guerra, Eric Hoegstrom, & Don Hilbelink
+Academic Computing
+Robert Cooksey
+Really cool things arrive here at Green Man for review, some so cool that they barely make it out of the wrappers before being snatched up by an eager staffer. Fortunately the revised and expanded publication now known as The Book of Ballads was intended specifically by Charles Vess for me, so a staffer reluctantly delivered it to my office as soon as it came in. Fortunately, I had just finished my interview with James Stoddard, so I was back in my office and free to sit down and look at it, which I did after putting a mylar on the lovely dust jacket. An all too typically cold November's day full of wind and rain lashed up against the windows in my office -- appropriate given the often dark nature of the tales being told in this book.
+Now keep in mind what we have here is a substantially revised edition from the one Vess himself released nearly seven years ago as Ballads. That in turn was based on four issues called The Book Of Ballads And Sagas which were released between 1995 and 1997. J. Olivier Dancoine's Charles Vess -- From the 1970's to 1996 (subtitled 'A Tale of Ballads, Sagas, And So Much More') which covers what Vess had done up to 1996, gives October of 1995 as the date the first iteration of this undertaking took place, so I suppose it's fitting that it sees its first hardcover edition almost a decade on! Debbie Skolnik reviewed the first variant for Green Man and she noted in that review, 'How do you add a new dimension to (and perhaps the enthusiasm of a new generation for) the wonderful world of folk ballads and sagas? One solution is to use an art form that is not usually associated with such things. In this case, I speak of the comic book, or as it is more usually known these days, the graphic novel.' But a rather tantalizing clue to why it took so long for this edition to come out is also in that review in the form of an addendum from an editor: 'The Book of Ballads and Sagas was originally intended as a six issue series, but a number of reasons over the years conspired to keep Vess from finishing the series. It's been reported that he'd rather give this project the attention it deserves, rather than turn out a half-baked effort. No word has been given on when or if the last two issues will ever come out.'
+Now even if you know nothing about graphic novels, or illustrated ballads which is a more accurate way to refer to the contents of The Book of Ballads, you will as a reader of fantasy recognize many, if not all of, the writers who collaborated with Charles in creating these works. Emma Bull of War for the Oaks and Finder fame is here, as is the ever popular Jane Yolen who has written more works than I think even she can keep track of. Charles de Lint whose Newford series comprises some of the best writing being done in the fantasy field, is here; Sharyn McCrumb who has a unique take on old tales her Ballad novels; Neil Gaiman who I'm sure you all know quite well, and quite a few others to boot.
+As both an illustrator and as a collaborator, Charles Vess has worked with Neil Gaiman on the illustrated Stardust, with whom he shared a World Fantasy Award for the 'Midsummer Night's Dream' issue of the Sandman series. He has also worked with Charles de Lint on children's books such as A Circle of Cats and Seven Wild Sisters, and on illustrated novels such as Medicine Road and the forthcoming 20th Anniversary edition of Moonheart. Vess has won the World Fantasy Award twice -- once for the Sandman issue mentioned previously, and once again with a Gaiman work, the illustrated Stardust. The Stardust series won him the comic-book industry's Eisner Award. In addition to Moonheart, he is currently illustrating a special limited edition of George R. R. Martin's best-selling A Storm of Swords. His work has blessed so many books that reside in the Green Man Library that it's quite fair to say that he is one of a select number of artists who are always welcome to a pint on the house in the Green Man Pub!
+Did I forget to mention the lovely exhibition catalog he did? It's called Ancient Spirit, Modern Voice. I blurbed it this way some time ago:
+Now, where was I . . . ah, yes. If you aren't aware of it, there is a conference of truly mythic proportions taking place this summer. The first annual Mythic Journeys will bring together more than a hundred of the world's leading scholars, psychologists, educators, business leaders, artists, authors, filmmakers and performers for an unprecedented dialogue on the importance of storytelling in contemporary life from June 3-6, 2004, at the Atlanta Hyatt Regency Hotel. Sounds boring? Surely you jest! Among the folks there will be singer/songwriter Janis Ian, Robert Bly, James Flannery, Jane Yolen, Peter S. Beagle, Charles de Lint and Joyce Carol Oates -- to name but a few. 'Wait a minute', you ask, 'where are the artists?' They are here too -- Brian Froud, Alan Lee, Charles Vess, Terri Windling, and many, many more. What's really cool is that The Mythic Journeys Art Exhibition catalog, Ancient Spirit, Modern Voice, arrived here at Green Man this week. We will have a full review of this catalog, with a detailed look at all the artists.
+(Right now, I recommend a side-trip over to his Web site for a look at his artwork. Just go here and spend a while looking at some of what he's done. Please note he's selling a Stardust Boxed Print Set similar to the portfolio that's sitting on the desk here right now. May I suggest it would be a perfect gift for that special one in your life who's into fantasy fiction?)
+Now given that these are true collaborations, I asked some of the writers involved in this work how it was to work with him. Jane Yolen noted that 'Charles is brilliant but so engrossed with other projects that it took many years from the time I sent him the selchie story until he finally got around to illustrating it. But it was worth the wait!' She went on to note, 'His work is not merely decorative (though he has decorative elements in it.) He sees to the heart of the characters and he absolutely 'gets' the magical elements. Also, 'Great Selchie' is a very sexy story, and he sure gets that, too.' Emma Bull was equally appreciative of working with him: 'Working with Charles was great -- always is. I'd originally thought of the story as set in the late eighteenth century, but Charles found killer reference material for 1890s foxhunting, and I realized that the characters in the story would be just the same only more so if moved up a bit in time. (And they look so stylish!)' She added an interesting note on what the characters ended up looking like: 'I tried to write the characters' dialog in such a way that their personalities and tone of voice came through, but I didn't do much description of what the characters looked like beyond their ages. When Charles sent me the artwork for the story, there they were -- those were the faces that belonged with those voices. Charles created the perfect cast for a comedy of manners with a dash of supernatural intervention. Even the horses have great facial expressions!'
+Charles de Lint noted 'Not much to say, Cat. Charles asked me to do the first one , 'Sovay', in hopes of getting a series out of it (which he obviously did) though this first one was for an anthology comic, I wrote a script for him and sent it off, he turned it into magic. 'Twa Corbies' was only a little different. When he started doing the series, he asked if I'd do another. I didn't mind, but having already done a straight retelling, I had to do something different. I later did a prose version to include it in Moonlight and Vines -- if only I'd known that Tor would have used the illustrated version. Or that there was a possibility of it. . . .'
+The Book of Ballads is, as you might guess, illustrated tales based on ballads. If you're at all familiar with The Child Ballads, you'll recognize much of what's here. After an excellent introduction by Terri Windling covering Frances James Child, the ballads he collected, and what effect these ballads would have on future generations of singers, writers, and other creative folk, we get the ballads themselves.
+In addition to those tales, we have Neil Gaiman's retelling of 'The False Knight on the Road'; bestselling mystery author Sharyn McCrumb offering up her idea of 'Thomas the Rhymer'; Charles de Lint's contemporary take on 'Twa Corbies'; comic artist Jeff Smith's 'The Galtee Farmer'; Lee Smith's 'The Three Lovers' (based on 'Lord Thomas and Fair Ellender'); Midori Snyder's take on Babara Allen; Delia Sherman's 'The Daemon Lover'; Charles de Lint's 'Savoy'; and one by Vess himself, 'Allison Gross'. Now if you think that I'm foolish enough to say that I have favorites here, forget the idea altogether as everything here is excellent. Oh, 'Twa Corbies' is part of de Lint's Newford narrative, so it was interesting to see an illustrated envisioning of what looks like the Old Market of that city and, of course, of the Crow Girls, but equally interesting was Vess' take on 'Allison Gross' which has one of the nastiest depictions of her ('Oh, Allison Gross, that lives in yon tower / The ugliest witch in the north country'), and let's not forget 'The Black Fox', a ballad Emma thought was traditional, but was really, as she notes in 'An Apologetic Introduction', written by Graham Pratt, who based it on a fragmentary Yorkshire folktale.
+Everything in The Book of Ballads is well-worth experiencing over and over again, including the fine discography of related music by Ken Roseman, a music writer with a deep interest in Anglo-Celtic tradition and not so traditional music. This discography is a greatly expanded and (rather obviously) updated version of the notes he did for Ballads.
+Let me also offer my deepest thanks to Tor Books for giving The Book of Ballads the hardcover edition it so richly deserves. The only slight miscue from my perspective is that I'd have included the original introduction by Paul Chadwick as well, as he had more to say about the art itself than did Windling. This is a minor quibble at worst, as I'm quite pleased to have this in my library. Even more pleased as it's autographed by Vess!
+Now you must excuse me as I'm off to the Pub to interview Charles about his art, his taste in music and literature, and maybe even what he thinks is a proper ale.
+[Cat Eldridge]
+The Absolute Truth, both, exists and exists-not!
+Paradoxical as this statement is, this is the underlying contradiction that truly defines the Absolute Truth. This is because the Absolute Truth transcends the relative, the subjective, the worldly, to the extent of transcending polarities and dualities. Existence is defined as per attributes, be it in expansion in aspects such as volume or mass, or nature such as being electrically charged or self-interacting. This existence is not only constrained by binaries, such heavy or not-heavy, long or not-long et al, but is rather defined in terms of a fundamental binary: existence and non-existence. However, the latter is defined in terms of absence of existing elements rather than reality itself. Modern Physics has shown us that even vacuum is not truly ’empty’ (such as the quantum vacuum, which is a frothing field of creation and annihilation of particles and anti-particles). What spiritual traditions and religion have regarded as the Absolute Truth transcends this definition, this scaffolding in binaries. They do so in dialectics and a final rejection of the material, the subjective, the relative, in attaining a final resolution, a final realisation of what this Absolute Truth truly is.
+In this article, I would like to use spiritual, scriptural and experiential elements and ideas to reflect on the Absolute Truth, particularly focusing on the question of its accessibility. I shall be looking at the ideas of permissivism, extensivism, salvific efficacy of the Truth and doctrinal puritanism. In doing so, I shall try to establish how exclusivism is in opposition to the nature and idea of the Absolute Truth.
+The Conception of Satya, the Absolute Truth
+Before moving to the analysis of the question of accessibility of the Absolute Truth, one must look into the conception of the same [1]. Satya (Truth, in Sanskrit) is what is said to be truly eternal about Sanatan Dharma (the eternal way of life), which we regard as Hinduism today [2-7]. Although Satya, transliterated, means ‘Truth’, the Dharmic traditions do not talk about just any Truth. This is the truth as Vedic seers saw it of life, Universe and everything within [8]. I have been interested in looking at the conflict between propositional truth, which relies on the absence of spoken or enacted falsities, and ontological truth, which encapsulates the idea of ‘reality’, and to highlight how the two can operate on different levels [9-11]. While most religions may diverge on the former and on certain doctrinal elements, I will argue that it is the latter on which they unite and converge. Whether the conception of the Absolute Truth relates to a personal, loving ‘God’ [12] or a formless and uncaring universal principle and presence [13], there are resonances in the greater conceptions of divinity and God-head that are fundamental [14-26].
+As per the scriptures, across religions, this Truth is knowable and yet mysterious [27, 28], transcendent and yet immanent [29, 30], unchanging and yet dynamic [31-36]. This Truth manifests as the impersonal and yet personal, the uncaring and yet loving. In fact, it manifests as neither being nor non-being, and yet both and beyond [37, 38]. It is in this paradox, like in the beginning of this article, that the key to the idea of the Absolute Truth lies. This is the Truth sages and seers, monks and maulvis and priests, have discussed for millenia. With regards to the conception of this Truth, this can be manifested or conceived in various ways: as a personal God (as in Sikhism, the Abrahamic religions and the theistic traditions of Hinduism), as an impersonal transcendent being (as in Brahman in some Hindu traditions, Tao in Chinese traditions, the Christian image of God as the Unmoved Mover, the Sikh One without Attributes and the Mahayana concept of Tathata), as being immanent in each person (as in the Hindu Atman, the Mahayana Bodhi or Tathagatagarbha and the Christian concept of the indwelling spirit), as the ultimate goal or the ‘blessed state’ (as in the Buddhist concept of Nirvana and the Jain ideal of Paramatman), as the common solidarity of many spiritual being which work with a single purpose (as in the Sioux Wakan, the Shinto Kami and Taoist deities), and as the eternal law and order (as in the Hindu Dharma and Rta, Buddhist Dhamma, Taoism’s Tao, Christianity’s Logos and Jewish Torah).
+The conception of this Absolute Truth in One, in Unity, is seen in Hinduism (Rig Veda Mandala 1 Hymn 164 Verse 46, Atharva Veda Book 13 Hymn IV Verse 16-21, Svetasvatara Upanishad Adhyaya 6 Verse 11 and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Chapter III Section IX Verse 1), Judaism (Shema Yisrael – Deuteronomy 6.4, Isaiah Chapter 45 Verse 5 and Yesode Ha-Torah 1:7), Islam (Qu’ran Surah 112, Qu’ran Al Muminun Verses 91 and 92, and Qu’ran Al Anbiya Verses 19 – 22), Taoism (Tao Te Ching 22), Confucianism (Doctrine of the Mean 26), Buddhism (Lankavatara Sutra 83 and Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā – Perfection of Wisdom in Eight Thousand Lines – Dharmodgata Verse 1), Christianity (Epistle to the Corinthians Chapter 12 Verses 4-6, Epistle to the Corinthians Chapter 8 Verses 4-6 and Gospel of Mark Chapter 12 Verses 29-30), Sikhism (Guru Granth Sahib Mool Mantra) and Zoroastrianism (Ohrmazd Yasht Verses 5-7).
+The transcendence and immanence of the Absolute Truth is seen in Hinduism (Isha Upanishad Chapter 1 Verses 4-8, Chandogya Upanishad Chapter 7 Section 24-25, Rig Veda Mandala 10 Hymn 90 Verses 1-4, Srimad Bhagavad Gita Chapter 7 Sloka 4-7 and Srimad Bhagavad Gita Chapter 11 Sloka 5-25), Christianity (Isaiah Chapter 55 Verses 8-9, John Chapter 1 Verse 14, Philippians Chapter 2 Verse 6, Deuteronomy Chapter 4 Verse 39, Isaiah Chapter 57 Verse 15, Jeremiah Chapter 23 Verses 23-24 and Acts Chapter 17 Verses 24-28), Islam (Qu’ran Al-Baqarah Verse 255), Sikhism (Adi Granth Japji Pauri 3), Buddhism (Avataṃsaka Sūtra) and Judaism (Talmud Sanhedrin 39a, Book of Isaiah Chapter 6 Verses 1-5 and Genesis Chapter 28 Verses 10-17).
+The traces of the Absolute Truth and thereby the ways to access it are discussed in Hinduism (Rig Veda Mandala 3 Hymn 54 Verse 5, Mundaka Upanishad Mundaka III Khanda I Verse 8, Isha Upanishad Verses 15 and 16 and Rig Veda Mandala 6 Hymn 47 Verse 18), Christianity (Epistle to the Romans Chapter 1 Verses 19 and 20, John Chapter 1 Verse 18 and Psalm 19 Verses 1-4), Islam (Qu’ran Fussilat Verse 53, Qu’ran Al-Anʻām Verses 95-99, Qu’ran Ar Rum Verses 20-25 and Qu’ran Al Anam Verses 75-79), Taoism (Tao Te Ching 21), Confucianism (Doctrine of the Mean 16), Buddhism (Udana 80 – Nibbāna Sutta: Parinibbana) and Judaism (Zohar Genesis 86a).
+This Absolute Truth has had an element of omnipresence and omniscience in all these religious traditions, with it being referred to in Hinduism (Lakshmi Tantra and Yajur Veda Chapter 40 Verse 8), Judaism (Exodus Chapter 15 Verse 18, Book of Isaiah Chapter 46 Verses 9-11 and Psalm Chapter 139 Verses 2 and 3), Christianity (Book of Deuteronomy Chapter 32 Verse 39, Gospel of Mark Chapter 10 Verse 27, Hebrews Chapter 4 Verses 12-13, Psalms Chapter 138 Verses 1-4, Proverbs Chapter 15 Verse 3, Chronicles Chapter 28 Verse 9 and Peter Chapter 1 Verse 20), Islam (Qu’ran Al Maida Verse 120, Qu’ran Al Hadid Verses 1-6, Qu’ran Ibrahim Verses 19-20, Qu’ran Al Baqara Verse 117, Qu’ran Ibrahim Verse 38, Qu’ran Al Baqara Verse 115, Qu’ran Luqman Verse 34 and Qu’ran Al Mujadila Verse 7).
+The formlessness and incomprehensibility (in terms of relative constructs) of the Absolute Truth is seen in Hinduism (Kena Upanishad Chapter 2 Verses 1-3, Mundaka Upanishad Mundaka 1 Khanda 1 Verse 6 and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Chapter 4 Brahmana 5 Verse 15), Islam (Qu’ran An Nahl Verse 74, Qu’ran Al Anam Verse 103, Qu’ran Yusuf Verse 76 and Qu’ran Ash Shura Verse 11), Judaism (Book of Isaiah Chapter 45 Verse 15, Exodus Chapter 33 Verses 18-23 and Book of Isaiah Chapter 55 Verses 8 and 9), Christianity (Job Chapter 11 Verses 7-9, John Chapter 4 Verse 12, John Chapter 1 Verse 18, Timothy Chapter 6 Verse 16, Deuteronomy Chapter 4 Verse 12 and Mark Chapter 4 Verse 11), Sikhism (Adi Granth Gauri Sukhmani M.5, pp. 290) and Buddhism (Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya and Mulamadhyamaka Karika Chapter 25).
+Read: Rediscovering ‘Sunyata’: Unifying Buddhism and Vedanta
+The attribution of an unchanging nature and/or transience to the Absolute Truth is seen in all these traditions, with these aspects explored in Hinduism (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad Chapter 4 Khanda 4 Verse 25, Svetasvatara Upanishad Chapter 4 Verse 1, Srimad Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8 Verses 17-21 and Srimad Bhagavad Gita Chapter 2 Verses 16-17), Christianity (Book of Revelation Chapter 4 Verse 8, Book of Revelation Chapter 22 Verse 13 and 2 Peter Chapter 3 Verse 8), Judaism (Psalms Chapter 102 Verses 26-28 and Book of Isaiah Chapter 40 Verses 6-8), Islam (Qu’ran Ar Rahman Verses 26-27 and Qu’ran Yunus Verse 64), Buddhism (Lankavatara Sutra Chapter 61, Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra Chapter 29 and Dhammapada Verse 151).
+As much as there may be doctrinal resonances across religions, one may argue that there are fundamental doctrinal divergences. So, for instance, Christianity says that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and sacrificed himself for the salvation of humanity, while other religions may actively deny this. Islam says that Prophet Muhammad PBUH is the last messenger of God, while other faiths may actively oppose this. How does one reconcile these if the Absolute Truth being described by all religious traditions is the same? I would like to highlight the idea of the Absolute Truth by John Hick [39]. Hick opted for believing that there were a limited number of incarnations of the Truth with different messages for different people of different races, cultures and languages, and thereby supported
+a theology of religions which stresses the infinite nature of the Godhead, exceeding the scope of all our concepts, and the salvific efficacy of the variety of ways formed around the different incarnations that have occurred throughout human history
+According to John Hick, the ultimate transcendent reality of the Absolute Truth is beyond the scope of human constructs, concepts or forms. Due to this, this Truth cannot be directly experienced by human beings, as per Hick,
+as it is in itself but only as it appears in terms of the various human thought-forms
+In this way, Hick likens God to the Kantian noumenon, in having a reality that cannot be completely explained, described or understood. According to him, the religions are but different and distinct expressions of an ever-encompassing Absolute Truth. I would go one step further in asserting that all religious conceptions about this Absolute Truth are not absolute in themselves but are complementary to one another, both due to the mystery surrounding this Truth and its incomprehensibility in relative terms, and also the limited understanding and perception of man with respect to this Ultimate Reality, which thereby makes people perceive the image of God received either in terms of words of spiritual leaders, socio-cultural and historical contexts, or politics.
+The question of any one faith’s description of the Absolute Truth and its prescribed mode of accessibility of this Truth being absolute is redundant and unnecessary since there is no one way or form or construct or conception by which to describe that which transcends all that is relative and the worldly. No religious tradition can and should claim sole salvific efficacy of its beliefs and tradition.
+The Absolute Truth is personal and impersonal, immanent and transcendent, one and many, existing and non-existing.
+Neither and yet both, for each attribute, and beyond.
+The Absolute Truth is beyond all manner of comprehension, conception or description, in the relative world.
+No one religion, even if begun by the Absolute Truth itself (personified), can claim to help humanity of all races and times and cultures, if it is fixated on doctrinal elements of the faith. This is simply because of the lack of divine immanence in the receptors a similar to the ideal founder of the faith and the lack thereof also of those who compose and interpret the doctrinal elements of the faith. At the end of the day, faith and religion are based on spiritual experiences and elements, more than just socio-cultural or intellectual constructs, which is why a truly enlightened being can only know who is enlightened and what is the Absolute Truth. For the rest of humanity, I believe all faiths must
+come together, given their overwhelming fundamental resonances to help humanity from self-centredness, blind consumerism and immorality. The journey put forth in every religion and faith is one of seeking the grace of realising the Absolute Truth and one of inner transformation, wherein the individual goes from being centred around oneself to being placed in a more universal, transcendent Truth.
+Going Beyond, Kindly: Permissivism and Supererogation
+One of the major contradictions of our society is that experiences and stories that underlie major religions are known to people of other faiths, possibly at times in closer contact, but denied or outright rejected as expressions of the Absolute Truth. For instance, in the times of Jesus Christ, there were many Judaistic schools that were in close physical proximity to him and yet theologically and soteriologically distant to him [40]. The same goes for Lord Buddha and various Shrauta ritualistic traditions in India [41] or Prophet Muhammad PBUH and various Arabic tribes [42].
+Why does this happen?
+It is due to the principle of permissivism [43, 44], which posits that multiple people having the same corpus of evidence can form different doxastic attitudes based on it. While there have been people who have argued that this is based on the idea that most permissivists deny personal uniqueness (the idea that given any body of evidence and proposition, there is at most one doxastic attitude that any agent with that total evidence is rationally permitted to take toward the proposition) although they do not necessarily deny propositional uniqueness (the idea that given any body of evidence and proposition, the evidence all-things-considered justifies either the proposition, its negation, or neither) or attitudinal uniqueness (the idea that given any body of evidence and proposition, the evidence all-things considered justifies at most one of the following attitudes toward the proposition: belief, disbelief, or suspension) [45-47], I will take the extreme permissivist view when it comes to the Absolute Truth that denies all three: personal, propositional and attitudinal uniqueness! The reason for this is that while the premise of the logical permissiveness lies in the binary of truth and false, the premise of spiritual permissiveness lies in a paradigm-shift: there is truth and only truth. The deviation from a truth is also a truth, and part of the Absolute Truth.
+You may ask whether taking a spiritual permissivist view centers around strong negation of one truth and acceptance of another. No! Just like negating one color of a chameleon and strongly aligning with another makes little sense, one must suspend judgement on that which one is unsure of or personally at slight variance with instead of negation, and align with the path that one seeks to align with. To go one step further, permissivism is the natural outcome and mode of true spirituality simply because the extraction of meaning from a ‘corpus of evidence’ (spiritual experiences) has an experiential and subjective element inherent in it. The final state of realisation of the Absolute Truth is beyond words, constructs and ideas, and can never be described. If one seeks to describe it, it shall have some aspect still beyond that description. This can be further heightened by the idea that one can also have intrapersonal permissivism [48], whereby a single person can adopt more than one belief-attitude toward an idea or conception of the Absolute Truth. This can arise in the case of those who may have a degree of doubt or skepticism. They may want to believe and yet not believe a certain conception of the Absolute Truth.
+The other major reason could be epistemic supererogation [49, 50], the idea that in one’s search for knowledge one goes beyond some reasonable measure of epistemic responsibility. Some say this is because of diligence or curiosity to go beyond a certain epistemic threshhold to firmly establish one’s belief. I would say that this is more because the moment one seeks to establish an aspect of the Absolute Truth, another emerges, and then does still another, as non-dual Judaism [50] and Advaita Vedanta [51] would posit. This is because
+All that there is, is a part of the Absolute Truth that yet transcends all, including the negation of every element, every idea and every construct, as well.
+There can be no epistemic thresh-hold for realising this Truth since knowledge and existence themselves are a part of it.
+Therefore, naturally, in the process of seeking to access the Absolute Truth, one can have interpersonal and intrapersonal permissivism, atleast when it comes to doctrinal elements of one’s belief and faith.
+In the conception of a spiritual supererogation – doing more than what may be required to form belief in the Absolute Truth, lies the idea that one must seek to know the essence and various aspects and dimensions of the Absolute Truth, through reflection, spirituality and experience, beyond what one may be endowed with or have developed in one’s life. In doing so, those aspects which have little epistemic basis for belief or negation must be put under suspension of judgement, in a respectful manner, and not met with denial or opposition. If what one feels closest to is atheism or agnosticism, till one can base any belief above that on experience and even with intrapersonal permissivism, so be it! This is the Dharmic way, with even atheistic schools of philosophy such as the Carvakas being preeminent in ancient India [52].
+A natural question to ask is: where does one stop? Does one ever reach a firm realisation of the Absolute Truth?
+There is only one overarching symptom of such a state of attainment, which has been spoken of in terms of Moksha [53-55], Nirvana [56, 57] or salvation in Abrahamic religions [58-61], which is
+Realisation of, and dissolution in, the Absolute Truth.
+This comes from true detachment: Detachment not only from worldly elements and possessions but also from any and every element, idea and construct in the material world. This is detachment from binaries: good or evil, hot or cold, this or that, here or there. This is detachment from dualities, form and thought. This is detachment from every conception of existence and even void!
+The best way to begin seeing whether one has reached there is only be self-assessment regarding ego-consciousness: whether one identifies with oneself or worldly, relative elements of one’s life.
+True realisation of the Absolute Truth is accompanied with unconditioned existence, pure consciousness and unfiltered bliss.
+Salvific Efficacy, not Doctrinal Puritanism
+There can only be one true assessor of the spiritual dimension for you: you, yourself. Dharmic as well as Abrahamic traditions speak about assessing one’s spiritual resources, determining a good path for progression and implementing the same, often with the help of a spiritual teacher or tradition [62-70]. Grace of God is held to be key [71-73], in this regard, as is a yearning to realise the Absolute Truth, in all these traditions. One is born in a certain society and community, with certain beliefs and entrenched ideas of existence and the Absolute Truth. This is the endowed spiritual and social heritage of every individual. Few are those who are completely devoid of this, even among the destitute and the orphaned. One develops this and evolves with time. Spiritual teachers and traditions can add to this journey, positively or negatively, but the sum total of these elements inform and influence one’s own spiritual progression, which is the fundamental element in all this.
+However, what one must always remember, given the previous discussion on the conception of Truth and permissivism,
+it is the salvific efficacy and spiritual effectiveness of a spiritual path and tradition more than doctrinal and dogmatic puritanism to it that is important.
+One must try to learn actively from all religions and traditions, unless some lead to discomfort or non-alignment to one’s inner spiritual state and nature, which are best realised intuitively and spiritually.
+Even if there are prophets and messengers who can speak on and/or transfer spiritual power and resources to others, and one does become a beneficiary of this, one must still realise that there is more to the Absolute Truth than just that. Those who are one with the Absolute Truth will naturally evade and avoid exclusivism, for that shall be irreconcilable with the limitless being and nature of the Truth, while who are not one with the Absolute Truth must actively dissociate from exclusivism and rather focus on one’s own spiritual progression than concern oneself with the spiritual trajectory of others. Only those in line and one with the Absolute Truth must lead others, not by directives, but by facilitating the inner quest and seeking of the Truth by others.
+Read: Is Hindu Spirituality a Super Science?
+One must actively try to break free from -isms (apologies for using some such terms in this article, for ease of communication) and dogma completely, even with a positive connotation, such as pluralism and cosmopolitanism. The creation of any such conceptual platform of ideas is always, by definition and nature, restrictive in some respect, and hence cannot reflect the reality of the limitless Absolute Truth. That which is limitless can only be perceived with limited faculties when one realises the essence of the limitless in the limited, much like a drop losing its individuality and identity by merging with the oceans. It is sincere humility and complete destruction of identity and ego that accompanies true realisation of the Absolute Truth due to the aforementioned dissolution of the self into the higher, Absolute Self. It is in the dissociation with conceptual scaffolding for this Truth that the path to the true realisation of the Absolute Truth lies. It is in the emanation, sustenance and destruction but also, and more importantly, the transcendence of physical phenomena that the path of the true realisation of the Absolute Truth lies [74]. It is in Lord Buddha’s silence [75], Sri Krishna’s dialectics [76], Jesus Christ’s proclamations [77], in Guru Nanak’s teachings [78], Jain Agamas [79], in Prophet Muhammad PBUH’s words [80] and in the Torah’s wisdom [81] that the path of true realisation of the Absolute Truth lies. But more importantly, it is within, in each of us, that the seed of true realisation and divinity lies [82-100].
+We are limited and yet limitless. We are one and yet many. We are conditioned and yet unconditioned. We are temporal and yet eternal.
+We are, in essence, the pregnant silence, beyond all causation and temporality, instilled with the creative principle.
+When the Vedantin of the times of yore said: अहम् ब्रह्मास्मि, which means ‘I am the Absolute Truth’ they were making more than a clever rejoinder. They were highlighting the Absolute-ness of our existence, which is, in essence, untainted by conditioning or change. In essence,
+We are.
+This is Satyatva, the essence of the Absolute Truth.
+References:
+- Guha Majumdar, Mrittunjoy. “Doctrinal Resonances on Truth in Scriptures Across Religions.” Available at SSRN 3464369(2019).
+- Jones, Constance, and James D. Ryan. Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing, 2006.
+- Klostermaier, Klaus K. A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Oneworld Publications, 2014.
+- Sivananda, Swami. All about Hinduism. Divine Life Society, 1977.
+- Gonda, J. “The Historical Background of the Name Satya Assigned to the Highest Being.” Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 48 (1968): 83-93.
+- Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand. Truth is God. Ahmedabad: Navajivan, 1955.
+- Heckaman, Curtis R. Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Rta in the Rg veda. Diss. 1980.
+- Junghare, Indira Y. “The Unified Universe: The Theory of Brahman.” International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities & Nations 10.6 (2011).
+- Streng, Frederick J. “The Buddhist doctrine of two truths as religious philosophy.” Journal of Indian Philosophy 1.3 (1971): 262-271.
+- Cabezón, José I. “Truth in Buddhist theology.” Buddhist theology: Critical reflections by contemporary Buddhist scholars 7 (2000): 136.
+- Kapstein, Matthew. “Buddhist perspectives on ontological truth.” A companion to world philosophies (1997): 420-433.
+- Brümmer, Vincent. Speaking of a personal God: An essay in philosophical theology. Cambridge University Press, 1992.
+- Martin, William Todd. The Doctrine of an Impersonal God in Its Effects on Morality and Religion. W. Mullan, 1875.
+- Macquarrie, John, and Edwin Davies. Principles of Christian theology. London: SCM Press, 1966.
+- Swinburne, Richard. The Christian God. Oxford University Press on Demand, 1994.
+- Woodburne, A. S. “The Idea of God in Hinduism.” The Journal of Religion 5.1 (1925): 52-66.
+- Goshen-Gottstein, Alon. Same God, Other God: Judaism, Hinduism, and the Problem of Idolatry. Springer, 2017.
+- Armstrong, Karen. A history of God: The 4,000-year quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Ballantine Books, 2011.
+- Kaplan, Mordecai M. The meaning of God in modern Jewish religion. Wayne State University Press, 1995.
+- Aslan, Reza. No god but God: The origins, evolution, and future of Islam. Random House, 2011.
+- Pyysiäinen, Ilkka. “Buddhism, Religion, and the Concept of” God”.” Numen 50.2 (2003): 147-171.
+- Berger, Peter L., ed. The other side of God: A polarity in world religions. Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1981.
+- Field, Dorothy. The religion of the Sikhs. J. Murray, 1914.
+- Singh, Gopal. “The Sikh Religion.” Cultural and Religious Heritage of India: Sikhism 6 (2004): 33.
+- Jain, Arun Kumar. Faith & Philosophy of Jainism. Vol. 6. Gyan Publishing House, 2009.
+- Jaini, Rickhah Dass. “The Doctrines of Jainism.” Calcutta Review 107.214 (1898): 388-392.
+- Iverach, James. Is God Knowable?. Hodder and Stoughton, 1884.
+- Power, William L. “Musings on the Mystery of God.” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 7.1 (1976): 300-310.
+- Papanikolaou, Aristotle. “Divine energies or divine personhood: Vladimir Lossky and John Zizioulas on conceiving the transcendent and immanent God.” Modern Theology 19.3 (2003): 357-385.
+- Kim, Chin-Tai. “Transcendence and Immanence.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 55.3 (1987): 537-549.
+- Edwards, Rem B. “The pagan dogma of the absolute unchangeableness of God.” Religious Studies 14.3 (1978): 305-313.
+- Ware, Bruce A. “An Evangelical Reformulation of the Doctrine of the Immutability of God.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 29.4 (1986): 431-446.
+- Pike, Nelson C. God and timelessness. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2002.
+- Hallman, Joseph M. “The Mutability of God: Tertullian to Lactantius.” Theological Studies 42.3 (1981): 373-393.
+- Trethowan, Illtyd. “A Changing God.” The Downside Review 84.276 (1966): 247-261.
+- Davies, Brian. “A Timeless God?.” New Blackfriars (1983): 215-224.
+- Raju, P. T. “The principle of four-cornered negation in Indian philosophy.” The Review of Metaphysics (1954): 694-713.
+- Chisholm, Roderick M. “Beyond being and nonbeing.” Philosophical Studies 24.4 (1973): 245-257.
+- Hick, John. “The metaphor of God incarnate.” Theological Studies 55.3 (1994): 584.
+- Zeitlin, Irving M. Jesus and the Judaism of His time. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
+- Warder, Anthony Kennedy. Indian Buddhism. Vol. 6. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2000.
+- Skelly, Joseph Morrison, ed. Political Islam from Muhammad to Ahmadinejad: Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions: Defenders, Detractors, and Definitions. ABC-CLIO, 2009.
+- Schoenfield, Miriam. “Permission to believe: Why permissivism is true and what it tells us about irrelevant influences on belief.” Noûs2 (2014): 193-218.
+- Podgorski, Abelard. “Dynamic permissivism.” Philosophical Studies7 (2016): 1923-1939.
+- White, Roger. “Epistemic permissiveness.” Philosophical perspectives1 (2005): 445-459.
+- Titelbaum, Michael G., and Matthew Kopec. “When rational reasoners reason differently.” (2019).
+- Kopec, Matthew, and Michael G. Titelbaum. “The uniqueness thesis.” Philosophy Compass4 (2016): 189-200.
+- Jackson, Elizabeth. “A Defense of Intrapersonal Belief Permissivism.” Episteme(2019): 1-15.
+- Hedberg, Trevor. “Epistemic supererogation and its implications.” Synthese15 (2014): 3621-3637.
+- Michaelson, Jay. Everything is God: The radical path of nondual Judaism. Shambhala Publications, 2009.
+- Deutsch, Eliot. Advaita Vedanta: A philosophical reconstruction. University of Hawaii Press, 1973.
+- Kamal, M. Mostafa. “The Epistemology of the Carvaka Philosophy.” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu)2 (1998): 1048-1045.
+- Anderson, Joshua. “An investigation of moksha in the advaita vedanta of shankara and gaudapada.” Asian Philosophy3 (2012): 275-287.
+- Sivaraman, K. “The Meaning of Moksha in Contemporary Hindu Thought and Life.” The Ecumenical Review2 (1973): 148-157.
+- Kakar, Sudhir. “Moksha: On the Hindu Quest for Immortality.” Imaginations of Death and the Beyond in India and Europe. Springer, Singapore, 2018. 3-17.
+- Harvey, Peter. The selfless mind: Personality, consciousness and nirvana in early Buddhism. Routledge, 2013.
+- Poussin, Louis de La Vallée. The Way to Nirvana. Cambridge University Press, 2012.
+- Riesebrodt, Martin. The promise of salvation: A theory of religion. University of Chicago Press, 2010.
+- Wilson, Henry S. “Salvation in world religions.” Mission studies1 (2002): 108-135.
+- Horton, Michael Scott. Covenant and salvation: Union with Christ. Presbyterian Publishing Corp, 2007.
+- Kremers, C. K. Salvation of other believers: exclusivist, inclusivist and pluralist views on salvation in Islam and Christianity. BS thesis. 2013.
+- Hiltebeitel, Alf. Dharma. Vol. 15. University of Hawaii Press, 2010.
+- Moore, Thomas. A religion of one’s own: A guide to creating a personal spirituality in a secular world. Penguin, 2015.
+- Oman, Doug. “Defining religion and spirituality.” Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality2 (2013): 23-47.
+- Bailey, Edward. “Implicit religion.” Religion4 (2010): 271-278.
+- Drescher, Elizabeth. Choosing our religion: The spiritual lives of America’s nones. Oxford University Press, 2016.
+- Paden, William E. “Comparative religion.” The Routledge companion to the study of religion(2005): 208-226.
+- Macquarrie, John. Paths in spirituality. London: SCM Press, 1972.
+- Simmonds, Janette Graetz. “Other than “the set pattern”: Developing one’s own thoughts about spirituality and religion.” Mental Health, Religion & Culture4 (2005): 239-251.
+- Giordan, Giuseppe. “The body between religion and spirituality.” Social Compass2 (2009): 226-236.
+- Mitchell, Basil. “The grace of God.” Faith and logic. Routledge, 2013. 157-183.
+- Abhedananda, Swami. The Sayings of Sri Ramakrishna. Cosimo, Inc., 2010.
+- Rafea, Ali, Aliaa Rafea, and Aisha Rafea. The Book of Essential Islam. Book Foundation, 2005.
+- Westphal, Merold. Transcendence and self-transcendence: on God and the soul. Indiana University Press, 2004.
+- Organ, Troy Wilson. “The silence of the Buddha.” Philosophy East and West2 (1954): 125-140.
+- Marchenkov, Vladimir. “The Narrative Dialectic of the Bhagavad Gita.” Sri Lanka Journal of the Humanities1-2 (2018).
+- Talmage, James E. Jesus the Christ. Lulu. com, 2012.
+- Nesbitt, Eleanor. “The body: The Gurūs’ teaching and contemporary Sikh practice.” Religion3 (1989): 255-261.
+- Mālvaṇiyā, Dalsukh D. “The Jain Agamas.”.” Jainism Principles, Tradition and Practices.
+- K̲h̲ān̲, Vaḥīduddīn. The Prophet of Peace: Teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. Penguin Books India, 2009.
+- Mann, Thomas W. The book of the Torah. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2013.
+- Ford, David F. Self and salvation: Being transformed. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
+- Aurobindo, Sri. The life divine. Lotus Press, 1990.
+- Colman, Warren. “The self.” The handbook of Jungian psychology. Routledge, 2012. 167-188.
+- Batenburg, Marianne. “Discovering the self: An enquiry into spiritual seekers journeys towards self-realisation.” (2006).
+- Cottingham, Jennifer Margaret. From the self to the Self: An exploration of the process of Self-realisation in the context of Indian psychology. Diss. Auckland University of Technology, 2015.
+- Tripathi, R. C., and Prachi Ghildyal. “Selfhood in search of Godhood.” Psychology and Developing Societies1 (2013): 43-76.
+- Michael, S. J. “Jñana Yoga in the Bhagavad Gita–The Path for Self-Realization.” Asia Journal of Theology2 (2015).
+- Daniels, Michael. “The transpersonal self: 1. A psychohistory and phenomenology of the soul.” Transpersonal Psychology Review1 (2002): 17-28.
+- Bhaskar, Roy. From east to west: Odyssey of a soul. Routledge, 2015.
+- Filoramo, Giovanni. “The Transformation of the Inner Self in Gnostic and Hermetic Texts.” Transformations of the Inner Self in Ancient Religions. Brill, 1999. 137-149.
+- Retsikas, Konstantinos. “Becoming sacred: humanity and divinity in East Java, Indonesia.” Articulating Islam: anthropological approaches to Muslim worlds. Springer, Dordrecht, 2012. 119-138.
+- Agnivesh, Swami. “New Theology for the 21st Century.” PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL ACTION24 (1998): 7-18.
+- Emezue, Gloria MT. “Self and Nature: The Cean Dialogues.” Reading Contemporary African Literature. Brill Rodopi, 2013. 309-333.
+- Panagakou, Stamatoula. Self transcendance and the dialetic of the finite-infinite in the philosophy of Bernard Bosanquet: metaphysics, religion and political philosophy. Diss. University of York, 2001.
+- Bhattacharyya, Sanjukta. “Tagore’s Idea of Self–Finite and Infinite.” International Journal on Humanistic Ideology02 (2010): 134-162.
+- Assagioli, Roberto. “Self-realization and psychological disturbances.” Spiritual emergency: When personal transformation becomes a crisis(1989): 27-48.
+- Goisis, Giuseppe. The Divinity of Man in the Philosophy of Osho. Diss. University “Ca’Foscari” of Venice, 2014.
+- Sahajananda, John Martin. Fully Human-Fully Divine. PartridgeIndia, 2014.
+- Vaśishṭha, Rāmaśaraṇa. Beauties of Vedic religion. distributors: Bharati Sahitya Sadan, 1972.
+Since NFL is starting, I thought I’d post a series on what “aid experts” and the rest of us working about the world, trying to do good and work smarter, can learn from American Football.
+But first, some stories from Kenya to show the mentality whose solution the NFL illustrates.
+Recently I’ve had a string of conversations with Kenyan friends. Invariably we talk about politics, tribalism, propaganda, and stereotyping. A friend snapped this photo, which attempts to positively stereotype 10 of the 39 ethnic groups in Kenya:
+Privately, I’ve heard people share (and use) a very different set of negative tribal stereotypes:
+“Kikuyus love money.”
+“Luos are polygamous.” “Luos are whores.” (Obama’s Luo father had 3 wives)
+“Kamba women are good in bed.”
+And so it goes… (here are a dozen more I shudder to reprint!) The group least pigeon-holed by stereotypes are the Luhyas, which dominate the total population at 14 percent. (My theory on why to follow)
+A stereotype
+A stereotype exists because the statement applies to a plurality of people in the group. If it didn’t ring true at least half the time, people would abandon them. People cling to them as guides on how to approach strangers. It would be harder and riskier to approach every stranger with trust and openness, because some of them might take advantage of you. But it is in the clinging to stereotypes that people are often systematically deprived of opportunities they richly deserve.
+Exceptional friends
+Every time a stereotype about race or tribe comes up, somebody is bound to exhibit his or her intellectual prowess by citing a friend from the maligned group who is doesn’t fit. This is a fallacy, for in order for such a person to come into your mind as exceptional, you had to have at some point in the past considered this person exceptional, rather than typical of their group, class, or caste.
+I believe stereotypes about Luhyas are rare in Kenya because they are too numerous – the average person has so many real relationships with Luhyas that there is no need for this “exceptionalism” thinking – nor would one’s anecdotes convince others. There are simply too many relationships with too diverse a sample of people for stereotypes to be on any value.
+Rigid reference frames
+I’ve met too many people from all walks of life who spend their time putting strangers in boxes and categories, rather than engage them in thoughtful conversation aimed at picking out the unique characteristics and talents of each new person. (Personal note: my stereotypes have much more to do with economic class than anything else, but they remain there. Rich people can be victims of stereotypes too!) More than anything else I’ve seen in Kenya – it is this universal tendency for people of all tribes to view other people through lenses that cannot easily be replaced by their own dynamic day-to-day experiences – that affects national politics.
+Killing a stereotype
+Two examples come to mind that illustrate my current theory on how society abandons a negative stereotype that causes millions of people to be the victims of descrimination. First, the rise of black (or African American) coaches in the NFL:
+Although 75% of players are black, no NFL head coach was instated until 1989. Since then the percentage has steadily risen to 22% (7 out of 32) today. That obvious change in slope at 2003 can be attributed to the Rooney Rule, which requires every team to at least interview one minority candidate before hiring a head coach. Oddly, conservatives say that simply giving minorities a voice is no different from “affirmative action” – when in fact the latter is a quota system for hiring, not for interviewing.
+An excellent Sports Illustrated article quotes sociologist Janice Madden (no relation), who showed that prior to the Rooney Rule, black coaches vastly outperformed white coaches. Since then they’ve been no different from whites. This, for the same reason that Princeton ending limits on the number of Jews accepted has reduced test scores among Jewish Princeton graduates, illustrates that the playing field is finally level: You no longer need to be a hall of fame caliber coach in order to be considered for the job, if you are black. (Incidentally, the first 3 black NFL head coaches are all likely to enter the hall of fame.)
+But this plot is not about affirmative action or the Rooney Rule. This is about demographics. I could show you the identical plot for black NFL assistant coaches, position coaches, and head office administrators, simply shifted earlier on the timeline. With or without the Rooney Rule, the number of black coaches would have risen (though not as quickly) because the number of blacks in the room making decisions and in the pool of candidates had already risen each year.
+There was a time when blacks did not hold any coaching positions, period. After a generation of seeing black faces on the side lines and lecturing players while they broke down tape, the novelty, the exceptionalism, and the stereotypes vanished. Not because people “unlearned” them, but because those with them died off or retired. Thomas Kuhn argues that this is also the nature of Scientific Revolutions – superior evidence does not cause a shift, merely a demographic shift in the number of scientists holding their rigid, older views.
+Old ideas die with those who cling to them.
+-Thomas Kuhn (parapharsed)
+So what this means for people like me who are more interested in the prediction of (rather than manipulation) a trend, is that we need to study the demographics of an attitude in order to understand the effects of behavioral changes that happened a generation earlier.
+Presidential candidates
+Minority (US) presidential candidates are following that same trend that NFL coaches show in the plot above, only we’re stuck back in 1989 and our plot only changes every 4 years. But what strikes me is who was talking about Obama and Clinton as “minority candidates” in the first place: conservatives and news media. These groups still use labels to simplify their thinking and their communication. They embody “rigid reference frame” thinking in my view, and really need a refresher course – which comes in the form of playing fantasy football (explained in my next post). Aid experts who actually went to school in order to be “experts” also badly need to play fantasy football to learn how to optimize predictions in a complex, stochastic environment much like the real work of international development…
+But I digress. The lesson here is who was not talking about Obama or Clinton as “minority candidates”: young people. Demographics is again at work. To think of a person running for office as a “black candidate” or “woman candidate” or “[label] candidate” is to fit the form of a person who has grown up using stereotypes and categorization techniques as a static reference frame. In the Facebook Era, where you can friend and unfriend people instantly, dynamic reference frames are part of life, part of my experience, and form a basic understanding of reality that transcends static stereotypes.
+Don’t worry if you disagree, that’s just your static world reference frame speaking. No worries 🙂
+In my conversations with Kenyans, I don’t talk about American friends, or Kenyan friends, or Kikuyu friends; I talk about friends – as in people – who are more like themselves than any group or category one can place them in. I can’t even fully identify as American, since I’ve lived 8 of my 34 years abroad. I still have stereotypes, but they are about class, and until someone can explain why we all share the same misconception about wealth and power in the world, I’ll cling to them, sadly.
+Ref: Here’s that universal misconception about modern wealth and power explained:
+We found there’s a huge agreement between people across the political spectrum in terms of what the distribution of wealth should be. And yet we all vastly underestimate how much wealth the richest people actually control.
+–Dan Ariely (paraphrased)
+Stereotypes or “cultural sensitivity”: How do we deal with it in daily life?
+Yesterday I argued with a developer friend for a solid hour on the street about working with other Kenyan developers. I complained that if I approach somebody with a task, a deadline, and a set of requirements, I expect them to be professional and evaluate the job and either give me a YES or a NO on whether they can do the work. “NO! is the most beautiful word!” I was shouting at him after a half hour of circular debate. “NO! comes from knowing your limitations, and focusing your work on your core competencies.”
+I’d had a string of negative experiences with local developers (other than this guy) who say YES to everything and can’t seem to turn down any work, even if that work is beyond their capabilities, or contains impossible requirements.
+I include “Impossible requirements” partly out of ignorance and partly as a test of competence. I gave this friend a task with 3 levels of goals to be aimed for, each harder than the next. I would accept and pay for any of the 3 results accordingly. Where he passed, others failed, usually aiming for the impossible and never even achieving the first, almost trivial goal. (My neuroscience research professors used this same technique on me in the lab, and I believe it extracts excellence from competent people.)
+Back to stereotypes, my respected friend argued that I should recognize the culture of Kenya and work with people and their ingrained habits. Saying yes when one should say no is a way of life here. And if they cannot say no, then I should deal with it, he said. In fact, he explained I was being disrespectful by giving people a task they were sure to fail.
+“I’m trying to help them be successful. Without learning about the power of ‘No’ I could never be successful,” I said.
+I wonder if one man’s “cultural insensitivity” is another man’s “rigid thinking.” I’m not about to abandon my strongly held beliefs about the power of “No” and the benefits of frequent “failure.” When this ThingsYouForget came out, serveral people sent it to me, because it reminded them of me:
+Killing stereotype-based thinking is a generational thing. It’s tied to your sense of self, and requires massive mental surgery to dismantle. It’s better to look at what we can do with young people to give them other kinds of thinking, and then follow demographic shifts in attitudes to detect when those old ideas have died.
+2 thoughts on “Race, races, NFL: how demographics kill stereotypes”
+U7 RAMSEY B had goals from Aiden Godwin and Toby Harding against Warboys. Ramsey A had Riley Larham to thank for a strong goalkeeping performance when they met Buckden Hawks. Ramsey had Kyle Rudland bag two and Ketan Gardner the third. U8 BUCKDEN opened the scoring early against Rowdies when a player turned a cross into his own net. Rowdies equalised via Aaron Hiscock and took the lead just before half time through Tyrese Williams-Ali. A final goal for Rowdies from Rio Douglas sealed the win. Alconbruy Blue has a brace apiece from Harris Lacey and Emily Eacott and singles from Harry March and Jacob Pack when they visited KC Cougars. Brampton Spartans took just seven seconds to score against Little Paxton when Jordan Locke fired home the first of his two goals. The second proved to be a match winner, coming after Paxton had equalised. Godmanchester Rovers had first-half goals from Dom Forshaw and Tamsyn Sibanda that were enough to give them a lead despite a reply from Somersham's Mark Hampson. Somersham conceded an own goal before Hampson netted a second as Rovers won 3-2. Ramsey beat Somersham Gold with Tony Wagstaff notching a hat-trick and Peter Reeve grabbed the other goal. U9 ST NEOTS visited Stevenage for a double header but only managed a 1-1 draw and a 3-1 defeat. Game one ended in defeat despite a Gary Evans goal and in the second match Adam Minnis gave Saints a lead but the hosts equalised in the second half. Fenstanton Blues got the 'blues' against Ramsey as they lost 10-1. Ramsey had netted eight times before Bailey Parr fired home Blues' only goal. Fenstanton Reds won 5-3 at Alconbury. Harry Taylor gave Reds the lead and Conor Jones restored it after the home side had equalised. Ireland O'Connell made it three before Alconbury hit two to square the game. Jake Balaam blasted Reds back in front and Blair Reid made sure of the win. Little Paxton mounted a comeback after falling two behind against Brampton Blue. Lewis Fraser and Jacob Hughes scored for Blue before Daniel Wood led the way with four strikes with two either side of the break and Ross King made sure Paxton won 5-2. Godmanchester Rovers and Hemingford Red fought out a 3-3 draw. Josh Baverster notched twice and Rowan Chapman once for Rovers. Huntingdon Rowdies trailed 3-0 to Somersham Orange before a fortunate Thomas Batsford goal started a fight back. Louis Stow and Antony Abthorpe brought the scores level before Martin Saunders sealed their 4-3 win. U10 PRIORY PARKSIDE had Cameron Harris to thank for all five of their goals as they beat Ramsey 5-2, with the losers' goals coming from Jason Quilter. Somersham Gold knocked 10 past St Ives Rangers K. Rangers never got of the back foot after Ryan Hampson netted a brace for Gold. Adam Cooper added a second half hat-trick, Hampson completed his hat-trick, Kieran Thompson notched a double and singles came from Dominic Bird and Harry O. ALCONBURY won 3-1 at Warboys. Alfie Lawford and George Martin gave the visitors a 2-0 lead at the break and Marty Pegam restored the two goal margin after the Witches had netted. Great Paxton visited Priory Parkside B and after a goalless first half took the lead in the second through Josh Howard. Paxton pushed for a second and were caught on the break when Priory's Fraser Clarke and Adam Dawson both found the net to give Priory a 2-1 win. St Ives Rangers Reds eventually came out on top against KC Cougars. Will Rolt and Jack Banyard both scored a brace, and James Marshall added one in the 5-1 win. Stukeley Meadows were 3-0 down in 10 minutes against Bluntisham Blasters White. Sam Kingswell pegged the score back just before the break and three minutes after the break Daniel Worrall made it 3-2. Meadows pushed for another but still lost. Ramsey A won 10-1 against Fenstanton Blue with the whole squad finding the net. Liam Carrigan bagged a hat trick, Matt Walker a brace with one a piece for Ollie Stevens, Jamie Short, Evan McPartlin, Jordan Johnson, Elliot Baker-Dagless. Ramsey B won 6-5 against Buckden. Joe McGuire was on fire with five, with Sol Goodby claiming the other. U11 HUNTINGDON Rowdies took the lead early in the second half through Connor Lewis against Brampton Spartans after a goalless first half. Brampton then scored twice through Harry Clark and Jack Hall as Rowdies lost 2-1. Godmanchester lost 3-2 to Ramsey, with goals from Callum Harcourt and Ashley Hehir not being enough. Godmanchester Rovers B beat Brampton 4-2. Max Darer tapped in the first and Matt Weeks made it two by the break. Cameron Corder extended the lead to three before Brampton hit back with two goals. Oliver Langford made the game safe with Rovers fourth. Buckden Ospreys won 4-1 away at Priory Parkside. Goals from Scott Irwin, Ed Mitchell, Jake Baltazor and an own goal saw them through. Ramsey managed to win in a close result game against Godmanchester. Rowan Abraham, Jordan Mays and David Sayer all netted in the 3-2 win for Ramsey. Needingworth led Cambourne 1-0 after 30 seconds and led with less than 15 minutes to go. A late flurry saw a final unpredictable score of 9-0 to Needingworth. Joshua Wilcox, Joe Brinley and Jake Wren all netted twice and other goals came from Joshua Phillips, Elliot Clymow and Jack Reeve. Warboys lost 5-2 against Little Paxton. Sam Groome gave the Witches a lead but Paxton raced to a four goal lead before Fraser Jones converted a late penalty. U12 PRIORY Parkside C had some marvellous saves from goalkeeper Dan Marvell as they beat Cottenham 5-2. Jacob Joyce gave Priory the lead and substitute Peter Feneley notched the other four. St Ives Rangers B defeated Huntingdon Rowdies 4-1 with Dan Davis, Bradley Smith and Lloyd Schwier all scoring in the first half. The last minute of the match saw Davis notche his second. Godmanchester B were mauled Burwell Tigers when they hosted them on Sunday. After a goalless first half Tigers won 3-0. Needingworth returned from Bottisham with a 5-2 win. A hat-trick from Thomas Groome and further goals from George Seach and Tom Wincup sealed the victory. Godmanchester A lost 6-1 to Fulborne Falcons. Falcons dominated the game and led by four clear goals at the break. Haydon Noble netted a consolation goal for Rovers but Falcons flew away with the win. U13 BRAMPTON Spartans won 3-0 against Cherry Hinton. Goals in the first half by Christian Le and Adam Pedlar gave Spartans the edge and a Charlie Naylor free kick made it three. Spartans B returned from Swaversey with the points after a 5-2 win. After Connor Campbell made good early saves it was a superb free kick from George Wooff early in the second half that opened the scoring before further strikes from Jake Burrill, Kieran Bruce and a brace from Charlie Brazier sealed the win. Godmanchester Rovers won when they visited Stretham Sporting. Goalkeeper Ryan Palmer was on form keeping a clean sheet in the 2-0 win with Simon Zientek and Ben McConnell scoring. Ramsey beat Newmarket with Dan Short firing in a hat-trick. There was a brace a piece for Liam Parish and Kyle Ferrier, Jake Sterna, Jake Galloway and Cameron Eley all notched. U14 ALCONBURY had only a consolation goal from Dom Thompson as they lost 5-1 at Milton. Godmanchester C hit back from a goal down against Benwick to storm to a 4-1 win. Joseph Cattmull hit a brace with Craig Holliday and an own goal completing the scores. U15 SOMERSHAM marched into the final of the Knock-out Cup with a slender 1-0 win over Fulborne. U16 SOMERSHAM equalised through Sam Sterna against Mildenhall but the visitors still won 3-1. Brampton and Alconbury drew 2-2. Tom Hunt bagged an equaliser for Alconbury before the break and Oliver Butler was on hand to put them in front but Brampton snatched their second. St Neots marched into the semi-finals of the Ken Murray Memorial Cup with a resounding 6-2 win over Royston. Saints led 3-1 inside 20 minutes and by the break there was no way back for Royston as they trailed 5-1. The goals came from Jamie McDonald with a hat-trick, Harvey Miller, Michael Kennoy and a Taylor Brooks header. St Ives Rangers had taken the lead with a Mark Howe goal against Newmarket but poor marking saw them lose 5-1. U17 SOMERSHAM trailed Brampton Spartans 2-1 at the break and could find no way through the Spartans defence in the second half, with Ben Colam scoring their goal. Girls Football ST IVES Rangers U12 girls over-ran Bishops Stortford 5-0. Tierney Poore netted a hat-trick and Georgia Rebane grabbed two. Buckden U16 girls competed well in the first half of their game with Peterborough but were a goal down at the interval. Posh upped their work rate after the interval and finished 7-0 winners.
+.
+California, Brazil, and Taiwan have all seen record-breaking droughts. Entire regions including Europe, Africa, and the Middle East have also seen dire water shortages. Decades of capitalist mismanagement, corruption, and climate change have produced an extreme water crisis that is now posing an urgent choice before humanity: either we execute a planned emergency response, or we will see large swathes of our planet reduced to uninhabitability.
+According to the WHO, an estimated 55 million people across the globe are now affected by droughts every year. The situation is posing a serious hazard to livestock and crops in nearly every part of the world. It threatens people’s livelihoods, increases the risk of diseases, and is fueling massive population displacement. By 2030, as many as 700 million people will be at risk of displacement as a result of drought. A recent study published in Nature Geoscience states that droughts of such severity haven’t been experienced in European summertime for over 2,100 years.
+The situation is only getting worse. Droughts are expected to last longer and become more severe as the planet continues to warm due to greenhouse gas emissions, principally from fossil fuels. The Environmental Defence Fund (EDF) even speaks of a trend towards megadrought periods, which can last two decades or longer.
+Capitalism is to blame
+As rivers, lakes and reservoirs dry up, data from NASA has revealed that 13 of the world’s 37 most important groundwater basins are being depleted far faster than they can be recharged. Agriculture accounts for about 70% of global freshwater usage, with industry claiming another 20%, accounting for 90% in total. Such figures show clearly why ethical choices to cut personal water consumption by individuals cannot scratch the surface of the problem.
+There is much that is completely irrational about agriculture under capitalism. Let us take the case of California. This US state is so dry – receiving only about 8 cm of rain a year – that it in fact qualifies as a literal desert. And yet this region produces about 90 percent of winter vegetables in the US. Acres upon acres of land in California are dedicated to producing alfalfa and almonds – two of the most water-intensive crops that exist. Farmers are flooding their rice fields with an obscene amount of water that evaporates almost as quickly as it is applied. California produces the second-largest rice crop in the US. But now, due to the drought, farmers will grow about 100,000 fewer acres of rice, down 20% from the average 500,000 acres grown annually in the state.
+These are cash crops, which are farmed because agribusiness that owns the land can get a good yield and excellent prices. But it is residents in cities nearby that are left to deal with the repercussions of a severe water shortage. Rationally speaking, nothing about this situation makes any sense. From a water management point of view, these crops only contribute to further draining California’s limited water basin, paving the way for its complete collapse.
+This is a direct consequence of the private ownership of land under capitalism. For the time being, it makes perfect sense for agribusiness to flood its fields. If the business that owns a field were to moderate its water usage by switching crops, others in the state will outcompete them by continuing to grow the most lucrative crops. The anarchic competition of the market means that the faster the water table is drained, the more greedily agribusinesses continue to suck it dry, hoping to grab as much of this precious and limited resource as they can before it is entirely depleted.
+This is only one example. Such practices are widespread all over the globe; from flooding agricultural land with water (which is the least efficient way to irrigate a field), to growing crops in unsuitable climates because it is profitable in the short-term to do so, to cutting down the Amazon and other rainforests for their short-term fertility.
+The point is, the capitalists exploit the planet and its resources for immediate gain. Their motive is profit. As Engels already wrote back in 1876 in his incredible work, The part played by labour in the transition from ape to men:
+“As individual capitalists are engaged in production and exchange for the sake of the immediate profit, only the nearest, most immediate results must first be taken into account. … ...”
+Protests
+For small farmers across the globe, increasing occurrences of drought caused by climate change have rendered their old way of life completely untenable. The crisis has already led to radical protests in various regions. In Iran for example, farmers have taken to the streets once more this year against the lack of permanent access to water.
+In many places, including Iran for example, farmers have taken to the streets against the lack of permanent access to water
+These people are rightfully furious and incredibly desperate. Farmers have had to sell literally everything they had in order to survive. Studies have shown that there is a clear correlation between drought and suicide rates amongst farmers.
+Mass outbursts of anger in Iran over water shortages are not isolated. The Tigris-Euphrates basin is being drained faster than any other basin in the world with the exception of northern India. In Syria, a devastating drought in 2006 forced farmers to migrate to the cities to survive, swelling the ranks of the unemployed and feeding the reservoir of anger that exploded in 2011.
+In the same region, the depletion of water reserves is stoking national tensions. Since 1975, Turkey’s construction of hydroelectric dams has cut water flow to Iraq by 90 percent and to Syria by 40 percent. Both have accused Turkey of hoarding water.
+The lack of access to water was precisely one of the triggers of the protest movement in Iraq in 2019. The masses were forced to endure summers in which temperature reached 50 degrees without water or electricity. And yet the richest neighbourhoods were able to enjoy air conditioning and fresh water without interruption. Lenin once said that “capitalism is horror without end”. Here is a case in point. The deteriorating water crisis will be a fundamental factor in the development of revolutionary consciousness for many workers and farmers.
+Refugee crisis
+Both the environmental crisis itself, and consequent water wars, are likely to exacerbate the horror of the refugee crisis. According to the UN’s estimates, by 2050 around 200 million people could be displaced by climate change. Extreme weather events, desertification, and rising sea level – which as well as flooding coastal areas will cause the further salination of freshwater supplies if planning measures are not implemented in time – will all contribute to driving people from their homes.
+Meanwhile, the Dutch government-funded WPS (Water, Peace and Security) has predicted that there is on average an 86% chance of violent water-related conflict in Iraq, Iran, Mali, Nigeria, India and Pakistan this year alone.
+Under capitalism, it’s every man for himself and every nation for itself. Rather than a global, planned response that prioritises human need, each capitalist nation will protect its own access to water at the expense of its neighbours.
+An alternative exists
+Despite the environmental destruction that we have experienced, we must highlight that we have all the means necessary to resolve these problems.
+Every day this rotten system lives on, the crisis becomes more severe, and ultimately lives are lost. We urgently need a revolution / Image: pxhere
+First and foremost, what is required is a rational plan of production. Rather than each capitalist producing such-and-such a crop because it is most profitable to do so on their given farm, specific crops ought to be grown based on soil type, moisture content, temperature, rain etc. Rather than producing water-intensive crops in semi-arid environments, other more appropriate crops ought to be grown there, and the more water-intensive crops grown where freshwater is more abundant. As long as individual capitalists and national gangs of capitalists are in competition, such a plan is impossible. In other words, we need a rational, global agricultural plan run by and for working people. Imagine what we could do on a worldwide scale.
+Furthermore, technology that is already in existence must be placed at the disposal of society to make water usage as efficient as possible. The highly developed Dutch agriculture sector is already putting such technology to use.
+Direct crop monitoring and geo-information are used by Dutch agribusiness to give better insights into water resources, measuring soil quality and moisture levels etc. in order to improve agricultural methods and the efficiency of irrigation. One innovation that has made a sharp impact on production is known as ‘protected cultivation’ or the ‘closed’ greenhouse method, which improves the efficiency of water usage immensely. Of course, this requires a lot more energy. However, under socialism we would find sustainable means to power these greenhouses using renewable energy.
+This ‘closed’ greenhouse method reduces water losses to air significantly, which on average accounts for about 70% of the water lost through irrigation. Through hydroponic recycling, water emission to soil can also be reduced. Dutch agriculture has achieved a water efficiency that is unmatched anywhere in the world. Just to give an example, in a Spanish tomato field, a farmer would produce about 20 kg of tomatoes per cubic metre of water. In the Dutch ‘closed’ greenhouse, the same amount of water can produce 250 kg of tomatoes.
+Yet the Dutch capitalist class hoards this technology for itself, having no interest in sharing such knowledge and techniques with its competitors on the world market. They are interested in water efficiency because it is profitable. Their motivation is not to produce food to feed people, but to compete on the world market.
+Such methods are therefore completely inaccessible to small farmers in Iran, India, and anywhere else in the world. This is not ‘their fault’, but rather the fault of the capitalists. As their old methods of irrigation are made unviable by dwindling water supplies, rather than assisting farmers to upgrade their methods, the capitalist state simply elbows them aside, reserving the limited water that is left for the giant monopolies. Today the rich nations like the Netherlands jealously guard important innovations in water usage. Even if they were to share them, the big banks wouldn’t lend sufficient capital to small farmers to make use of them. Under a socialist plan of production, on the contrary, it would be in the interest of society as a whole not only to share these groundbreaking technologies with the whole of humanity, but also to assist small farmers in collectively rationalising agriculture, laying all the necessary capital and expertise at the disposal of small farming communities.
+Agriculture suffers from the same fundamental problem that prevents the capitalists from urgently switching to green energy. It’s simply not profitable to do so.
+Protection of many precious water sources would require massive economic planning. There is no immediate profit in an individual capitalist investing in desalinating groundwater or creating the infrastructure for a national, and indeed international, management system for water usage for human consumption, agriculture and industry. There is no loss to profit in just dumping waste pollutants into rivers and oceans. Indeed, it is often the cheapest thing to do for an individual capitalist. The cost for humanity, however, is immeasurable.
+None of this can be solved under capitalism. That’s the point. We must therefore be possessed by a sense of urgency to overthrow capitalism at the first opportunity.
+When capitalism has been done away with, we can finally begin to address the manifold environmental catastrophes that capitalism has bestowed us as its legacy. Workers can introduce a rational system, where we share the immense wealth of knowledge and technology we have to manage water sustainably. No one needs to go hungry, become a refugee, or suffer as a consequence of climate change. We have the means to change this situation, but we cannot change something we cannot control, and we cannot control what we do not own.
+Nationalisation of giant agribusiness, mining and other water-intensive industries, and the banks under a democratic plan of production is the primary condition for solving the water crisis.
+Capitalism has severely damaged the planet. But once the working class has control, we can make the switch to green energy to reverse the long-term effects of climate change, and we can begin immediately tackling issues such as droughts. Every day this rotten system lives on, the crisis becomes more severe, and ultimately lives are lost. We urgently need a revolution.
+ looks you might not get to use the exact same company everybody else uses. When you're looking for Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA you could be surprised.
+Creating a personal dumpster as a homeowner will be spring cleaning, going or upgrading. Any unwanted trash can proceed right into this dumpster rather than filling and stuffed your waste cans. There will be nowhere to put it all! There will be room to operate and bring with new products easily.
+Today it is also been observed compared to many companies will also be hiring they then. So the very next time when you see big heap regarding trash after party than merely relaxed because you know that folks from garbage service are on their own way!!!!! An important aspect of Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA has many different measurements available for organizations to rent. Many places don't need the biggest dumpster you can possibly imagine to suit their requirements. When the firm is contacted for any Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA, the first thing that are going to be discussed is really what size is desired. If you are undecided as to how big is is actually desired, a representative with the company may appear out as well as assess the office and offer how big is would be suited.
+You have now better points to do much like the house design, cooking, appealing friends over and preparing the fun activities for visitors. Before and after you are done, you can be left can little or maybe big lots of trash. You now don't have to concern yourself with it. You will discover companies that present you with quick and disposal bin as well as dumpster on rent to build your job less of a challenge.
+The best way to manage the mind-boggling clutter can be to start organizing things aside! Renting the dumpster can help with this procedure because you get somewhere to invest of the crap instead of seeking to find another place to put it until waste day.
+Cheap Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GAs aren't hard to come across. There are many companies that possess some good presents for those who demand these garbage canisters on a short term basis. All you require to do can be be careful of that which you are actually purchasing. Renting one thing at excessive rates will not do you worthwhile but only improve your expenses.
+The majority of rent a dumpster organizations do not allow nearly anything other than strong waste to be placed in their units. This means that products such as computers, paint, fat, televisions as well as varnish are not ideal for disposal in just a roll away from dumpster. Always check using potential dumpster depots what their policies are regarding spend types for their bins.
+Maybe you are remodeling your child's bedroom seeing that he or she is older and wants a organized room. You may want to include built in shelf as well as a built-in computer workspace or complete wall space. Completely new carpeting or maybe wood floors could be on your schedule as well. You'll have to hire a specialist to rip out of the old carpeting and set up the new carpeting. You will need to rent the dumpster to get rid of all the old carpeting and debris.
+About completion of your project you will have very clear image about the style of waste got rid of into the dumpster and so, check with the property owner if they are planning to accept the type of trash got rid of by you due to the fact some organizations restrict themselves to recyclable trash.
+After the tornado has passed, it's time to organize your neighborhood. Visit everyone of your neighbors and also discuss a choice of a neighborhood cleanup. Tell them about your ideas on when and how to do it, and also encourage people to volunteer. If your subdivision has its own optin list, feel free to make use of that to contact your fellow house owners. Post and provides out fliers if you don't have an e-mail list. Once you've enough men and women ready and willing to get involved, set to start dating ? and rent the dumpster.
+On a sadder notice perhaps your parents have come down with disease and need to proceed to a nursing home. Or maybe parent's have passed away so you need to obtain home offered. You know that your own parent's currently have accumulated many things from numerous years of memories so you want to help you save the expressive items and also toss the junk no one wants.
+Fact: It's true that large waste convenience companies carry out often provide relatively reduced capacities in their standard bargains, and will put up on an individual with luxurious fees if you have more trash than that will. This is because they will pay quite high rates to remove in our landfills, and don't intellect passing on the charge to you in a sneaky approach. If you proceed local, you're going to get a person that will sit back with you and also take the time to evaluate which you really need. You can find expert advice on which size to select, and pay out maybe $25 upfront for a larger dumpster, instead of $250 in amaze fees after.
+Some of these rental organizations have lightweight toilets which can come in handy if your are either upgrading the bathroom as well as bathrooms, as well as are located in the out of the way location! Waste material and that is separated fetch the amount of money, donated, or in the truth of home appliances and some cabinetry -- given to the charity for example Habitat with regard to Humanity. Towns across the country have started to put second-hand stores constantly in place and you can give away your recycleable materials to Home where they can be sold and then the money is useful for the charity's ongoing projects. Dumpster renting are crucial to these kinds of an operation due to the fact just chucking everything right into a big stack and either disposing of it durante masse, as well as having the the top of pile break everything underneath it, serves no one's purpose.
+For those who have hired someone to paint your kitchen, he or she can discard the run out paint containers. Check with your rented dumpster organization as most will never allow damp paint containers into the dumpster which is a risk. This is for the safety of the buyer as well as the employees who act on the company that will rents the dumpsters. There are other items which are not acceptable into a dumpster if you rent it. Please check with the organization on what their particular rules are usually ahead of time.
+Using dumpster accommodations in development or any other significant project may help to keep a safe and sound working natural environment for your workers. This helps protect against unfortunate events or incidents from taking place. The likelihood of incidents happening boosts when there is uncleared trash on the office space. Making sure that the construction debris will be cleared in addition to handled on time also reduces the likelihood you happen to be held accountable for any medical charges ensuing by accidents inside construction website.
+Most people check out renting any dumpster as an price. This can not be denied, since it costs money to use a dumpster from the company. However, people rarely consider the savings that by using a dumpster can provide. Firms often rely on them, because dumpsters will be the most efficient way to throw out a substantial quantity of garbage. Yet, a dumpster also can ease the stress on an individuals pocketbook. Listed below are three ways dumpsters help you save people funds anytime that they take on large projects.
+Placing the trash box in a free of charge space might facilitate straightforward pickup in addition to delivery with no throwing any challenges to the truck driver. It is usually advisable to get handy info on the dimensions of this dumpster before it reaches your step. Dropping the trash can inside pre allocated space will certainly ease the task of the customer and the vendor with no wasting much of your time.
+It is no longer difficult for you to get the trash beers the best match your requirements. Dumpster accommodations are usually valued based on the tonnage associated with trash, duration of rental and height and width of dumpsters You will be more than burdened by simply additional fees in terms of a number of trips to home your trash if you work with a small size dumpster. You will end up investing in the free place if you work with a large size dumpster. Most of the Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA corporations in the market place an end to this concern by renting different sizes of dumpster according to your tailored requirements.
+One more thing to be sure to check out is the simplicity of the assistance. You should make sure that this service has several trucks that are capable of hauling anything that you might be able to get rid of.
+There are various styles of dumpsters available to dispose big tonnage of trash. Different sizes associated with dumpster are 3-5 yard, 6-8 yard, 10-15 yard, 20 yard, 30 yard, and also Forty five yard dumpster. The shoppers have the freedom to make the choice accordingly.
+A not so the latest trend which continues to are more and more preferred these days could be the pairing or bundling associated with special event products and services. Often one vendor can provide several of the short term rental services needed for a live performance, wedding, celebration or any other get together to be a success. One industry where this craze is especially provide is the dumpster business. In the past Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA corporations offered products and services related to waste materials management. Dumpster, in addition to roll off rental companies generally had departments that reused and/or purchased discarded metal and some even provide residential trash collection assistance.
+The second reason any Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA may be necessary is the number of waste you'll be producing, roof covering an average residence can produce upwards to 9 tons of waste materials alone. Sheetrock, old home furniture, and roofing shingles also take into consideration more inside a collective feeling than nearly all would believe. This tonnage will certainly typically go beyond the limits associated with normal selection. Dumpster rentals are less costly than ever before and can be delivered to the task site in addition to picked up also. These components alone allow it to be mandatory for almost all project executives to incorporate waste materials management within their plans at first. Forgetting to do it is a frustration many house owners do not wish to get. Dumpster rentals grab the liability in addition to hassle clear of dealing with different permits in addition to legalities essential with large disposals. Furthermore, with dumpsters today being so effortlessly delivered in addition to removed, that is likely the most cost effective way to take away items from your to do number. Most dumpster places even offer you to help take away items from your work site for an extra fee. Dependant upon what type of waste materials is being manufactured by the undertaking some corporations may even offer you to take it for free. This is very useful and demonstrates that one mankind's trash is obviously another's treasure. Many development projects tend not to make use of these facilities and get snarled in bureaucracy as it is. The main advantages of using a neighborhood Rent a 10 Yard Dumpster in Geneva, GA company are usually significant.
+Please use the form below to contact us. We look forward to working with you and will get back to you as soon as possible. All fields are required
+What is Endometriosis?
+Endometriosis is a progressive disorder mainly of the female reproductive system that is the result of abnormal growth of tissues that normally line the uterus. These tissues are called endometrium, and endometriosis is the result of endometrium forming outside of the uterus. This takes place most often on the fallopian tubes, ovaries, lining of the pelvis, or behind the uterus, but on rare occasions these tissues may form outside of the pelvic region.
+During a normal menstrual cycle, the lining of the uterus is stimulated by hormones to thicken in preparation for a potential pregnancy. If you do not become pregnant, the hormone levels drop back down to normal, and the excess tissue from the uterus lining is shed and causes the bleeding associated with menses. This is naturally expelled from the body through the vagina. However, when endometrium forms outside of the uterus, the monthly hormonal cycles trigger the same response, but the blood has no pathway to leave the body. Instead it accumulates on surrounding tissues, causing swelling and irritation. Eventually this can lead to the formation of cysts and resulting scar tissue and adhesions (abnormal tissues that bind organs together) in the affected areas. When found outside the uterus, endometrial tissue, or implants as they are called, are most commonly found in the pelvic region, but they have occasionally been know to form in such locations as the kidneys, lungs, and arms of some women. These implants initially start as small bumps on the surface of organs and connecting ligaments, and are sometimes referred to as “powder burns” because of their appearance. In the ovarian area, cysts may form as the endometriosis progresses. These are called endometriomas, and typically range in size from a pea to a grapefruit. The adhesions, cysts, and scar tissue can cause pain for many endometriosis patients.
+Just how common is endometriosis? Well, statistics tell us that this condition affects about 7% of United States females who are of childbearing age. Most sufferers are in the 25-40 age bracket. It is also found in teen girls at times, but never before the onset of menstruation. In years past, endometriosis was nicknamed the “career women’s disease” because it was thought to be a function of delayed childbearing. This was an incorrect oversimplification, but it does appear that pregnancy can slow down the progress of endometriosis in many women, probably due to related hormonal changes. Cases of endometriosis are classified from minimal to severe based on the number of implants and the amount of scarring, cysts, and adhesions present. Oddly enough, the amount of pain victims feel is often not related to the severity of their endometriosis. Some women with mild cases have a lot of pain, and vice-versa.
+What Are the Symptoms of Endometriosis?
+Endometriosis is a progressive disease. The severity of symptoms varies greatly from patient to patient. Some of the most common signs of endometriosis include:
+- Menstrual Pain (dysmenorrhea): Some cramping during menstruation is normal for many women, but those with endometriosis often report excessive pain that worsens over time. This pain and cramping is often found in the lower abdomen and lower back, and typically begins one or two days before menses, and carries through the entire period. Some patients experience increased pain during bowel movements and urination, and also during intercourse.
+- Heavy Bleeding (menorrhagia): Excessive amounts of bleeding during a period, irregular bleeding, or spotting between periods (menometrorrhagia) are also typical of endometriosis.
+- Infertility: The build up of excess tissue and adhesions in the area of the fallopian tubes is thought to contribute to the high rate of infertility found in women with endometriosis. The condition may also make it more difficult for the ovaries to effectively release eggs. In some studies, a higher than normal number of miscarriages has been linked to endometriosis as well. Many times endometriosis is first discovered in a woman who seeks treatment for infertility.
+- Endometriosis is often misdiagnosed as some other conditions that have similar symptoms. Some common conditions that may mimic endometriosis include:
+v Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
+v Ovarian Cysts
+v Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): This syndrome exhibits diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal cramping. IBS may coexist with endometriosis, making the diagnosis even more difficult.
+What Causes Endometriosis?
+Despite many years of study, the exact cause of endometriosis remains unknown for certain. There are several pet theories though. These include:
+- Implantation Theory: This theory is related to a reversal in the menstrual flow that is thought to back up through the fallopian tubes and “plant” discarded endometrial cells into cavities of the body resulting in endometrial implants. As unorthodox as this may appear at first glance, the implantation theory has been around since the 1920’s, and there is considerable evidence to support it. One problem with this line of thought is that while between 70-90% of women experience reversed menstrual flow, most of them never come down with endometriosis. Reverse menstrual flow is thought to be more common in endometriosis patients though, than in the rest of the population.
+- Vascular-Lymphatic Theory: This is a hypothesis whereby the bloodstream and lymphatic system are responsible for distributing endometrial cells throughout the body.
+- Coelomic Metaplasia Theory states that remnants of cells that were involved with development of a woman’s reproductive system while in the womb are somehow involved with spreading endometrial cells within the body. Some researchers believe that genetic or environmental factors in adult life may cause these cells to produce endometrial implants.
+- Induction Theory places the blame for endometriosis on an unknown substance found in the body that triggers the cells lining the uterus to morph into endometrial cells.
+- Heredity: Family history definitely plays a role. A woman’s risk for developing endometriosis increases seven-fold if her mother or sisters have the condition.
+- Immune System Dysfunction: Some of the most current research is focusing on immune system involvement. If a woman’s immune system is not up to par, it may not be able to prevent the growth of endometrial tissues. This may explain why so many women who experience reversed menstrual flow do not develop endometriosis.
+- Dioxin Exposure: Environmental factors have long been suspected as possible triggers of endometriosis. There is some research that points to a chemical found in herbicides called dioxin or (TCCD).
+- Other causes for endometriosis may be infections that have previously damaged the lining of the uterus, and on rare occasions, medical conditions that impede with normal elimination of menstrual flow from the body.
+What Complications Can Occur From Endometriosis?
+Infertility is the most common complication of endometriosis. It is estimated that between one third and one half of all women who have a hard time getting pregnant have endometriosis. Many women with the disease are able to eventually bear children, but it can often take longer for them to get pregnant. Once a patient does become pregnant, symptoms usually disappear due to hormonal changes. Since endometriosis usually gets progressively worse over time, it is often recommended that these women do not put off childbearing. The longer one has endometriosis, the more it typically affects her ability to conceive.
+Cancer does sometimes form in endometrial implants, but the risk of it is no greater than for other tissues of the body. Endometriosis is not thought to increase your risk for ovarian or uterine cancer.
+How is Endometriosis Diagnosed?
+A thorough pelvic exam from a trusted health practitioner can be very helpful in identifying endometriosis. Sometimes implants can be felt, but often they cannot be discovered during an exam. A procedure called a laparoscopy is often recommended if implants are suspected. This is an invasive form of minor surgery whereby a small scope equipped with a light source and a camera is inserted through a small incision in the abdomen. This can be helpful and appropriate, but as with any surgery, even “minor,” there are risks involved. A second or even third opinion is always a good idea.
+Sometimes ultra sound may be used to locate and analyze endometrial implants. Be especially careful if a computed tomography scan (CT scan) is suggested. I would avoid these if possible, as they expose you to a very high amount of radiation (about 5 times that of an ordinary x-ray).
+What Treatments Are Available for Endometriosis?
+Allopathic treatment options typically include medications for pain, surgery, and hormonal therapies. The surgical options include removal of implants using lasers administered through a laparoscope, and even the extreme choice of a hysterectomy to remove such organs as the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. This is not recommended due the resulting loss of the ability to ever bear children, and to the inherent risks of such major surgery. A hysterectomy abnormally forces the body into premature menopause, and the hormonal side effects can be quite severe and unmanageable for many women.
+Traditional hormone therapies are also very dangerous and unpredictable. Sometimes oral contraceptives are used to trick the body into thinking you are pregnant. While this may relieve the pain for some patients, the overall effects on the body are not good. Some practitioners even prescribe synthetic male hormones such as danazol or gestrinone to prevent menstruation or shrink implants. These drugs have many dangerous side effects, and even may cause some women to develop male characteristics. I highly discourage the use of any synthetic hormone replacement therapy.
+A generally healthy and active lifestyle can go a long way towards relieving and preventing endometriosis. Studies have shown that young girls who engage in aerobic exercise have a lower incidence of endometriosis. Diet also plays a role. Many sufferers of endometriosis have found that eating whole, nutritious foods, and avoiding a diet that is high in fat, sugar, and sodium has helped them to better manage their symptoms. Supplementation with vitamin B-complex and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and selenium is also recommended. Warm baths and heating pads are excellent methods for relaxing pelvic muscles and relieving pain. Chiropractic care is also beneficial for many patients. As with all health concerns, find out what works best for you and your body. No one knows you better than yourself, so it really pays to be proactive when it comes to your own health care issues.
+Jake Kennedy
+reviews
+The Men
+by Lisa Robertson
+69 pgs. BookThug. Paper. Toronto, Ontario. 2006. 0973974257 $16, CND
+This review is about 6 printed pages long.
+‘The grandfather fortifies aquariums belonging to a young girl otherwise known as Mom’ — Carla Harryman from ‘Foreword’
+1
+- Is it a circling back to return to fathers? Or to men generally? I’m not sure because Stein was always there, at least, at the beginning of The Making of The Americans pulling a couple of boys by their scruffs—it seems that nowadays there is more space and romance to wonder about the wicked marvellous ones (aka The Dudes).
+2
+- I read The Men as blithely preoccupied with turgidity, squirt, and empires of their egos. Lisa Robertson (matador) side-steps irony and thus illustrates how one might undermine and long at the same time. It’s a pretty amazing li’l lean book.
+*
+paragraph 3
+- The Men: a lyric book
+(the men: a liar book [men lie])
+The mean
+The me
+Men in reverse are almost new but really only nem(esis).
+*
+- (Men Deft Men)
+4
+Robertson inherits (from Stein’s Tender Buttons to Doris’s Paramour) a prodigious sense of humour and a penchant for taxonomical language.
+5
+That the potential of men is [hold on this]...
+6
+that they, perhaps, might inspire real poetry. And Robertson is apparently playing with the scandal that they have hidden—up till now—their sexy muse-ness. Robertson is feeling (sensate) some of the men all over:
+7
+Each man—I could write
+His poem
+8
+You will find that the men have cocks here ‘pink tip of their thing’ but also are conceptual recognitions. Then The Men as telephone wires or/and any old/new technology that connects many discrete but necessarily interwoven routes of desire. What I mean to say is that she discovers that men and women, during fucking, exchange their designations and all identities become stupid as strict genres. Thus, because so many people have fucked so many others, this is why you (a culture) need to create telecommunications systems: ‘What we refer to as men is any / Communication’.
+*
+9
+- Steroids and Postmodern American Male Poetry? Some men’s blogs?
+What are hormones?
+Does size matter?
+Why are the men (Today I had my 750, 000th visitor) so obsessed with statistics?
+*
+10
+- Lisa Robertson’s men are funnier than Anne Carson’s (until recently, “she lived in Canada”— according to the blurb) because she addresses them (‘I address men’!). Robertson dies in this romance as a way to take the genre with her: just as ‘angry’ as Carson but the Rhetoric is wonderfully needful in terms of dialogue: a talking to... and thus beyond any simple binary... salutations. Her ‘spurious craving for men’: to talk out a poetics of men as The Men involves a funnyness about the men: their floppy wankers embodying the ‘funny pathos of men’; this book is like a saucy Lycidas? I’m not sure yet. But this book can be a drinking buddy that ends up slapping you in the head. Which I—at least—need.
+*
+11
+- I believe that much of The Men is preoccupied with how big chunks of language are physically shared. Sensuality/materiality of the talk: men exist, eh, and often in women’s mouths (non-crude/non-pig phrase, i.e. an ideological speaking of the man’s words) so that there is a dire infra-mince (when the words reek of the oppression that exhales them). I love it exceedingly, she says: that is the Stein mystery/the tease of political desire. The ‘it’ and the adverb which means all fucking will go on and yet she is radically hip to the problems of the it (who names it? why? in order to sell what product and to protect what hegemony? ... I am going to call it ‘hege[men]y’.)
+12
+-In this cataloguing of men (a history/epic: counter-to-Debbie . . . What about Debbie? Pastoral ass-kicker?): also a strategic self-declaring as ‘I am shady and terrestrial’ in which Robertson illuminates the dark continents (whatever) with such effulgent, irreverent light that she barely needs any other subversions. All of this ‘lighting up’ tends to make glossy the otherwise matte commonsenseness of culture. So much so (so effectively) that ‘Men’s commands are laminated’ so it is very difficult to take the words away (sealed under plastic). This is how law works in poetry (which is waking life); and this lamination is violent and purposefully silly.
+13
+-The reference to Debord somewhere is there (for me, at least) in order to détourne détourners and to see the laminations (even well-done ones) as fish-hooked in between quotation marks. Men are enjambed in this book (this they deserve) which makes a reading of men constantly or contiguously. Men act like line-breaks. (The men look broken, line by line, but these hard returns are flows—she shows.) Therefore—my thought is—don’t trust them much!)
+14
+-‘Psychic life of pigment’ made for me the gestures of skin or paint that make up a Lucy Hogg – pointing at not only the performances of power but their dependence on image. Thus what the men have ([is] a house) such as it is: a block structure thing that they point to and go into and own. Women have the interiorities (not just this but).
+15
+-Robertson’s The Men is a loving cutting inventory: this is the way to excoriate privilege: feel Woolf sounds [this sound is the whisper of a sabre being raised]. Yin (however) and Yang! There is a deliciousness apparently for LR in this gender distancing: this lyric makes the lyric naked and embarrassing, as it should: if we really want to confess then here it is : no fakery trumped up as bodies but sweating men, larches, men, plain men.
+*
+16
+- Rilkean men too and so this lyric book (who is she kidding?) sings: if the men turn towards me what are the rights of my solitude? Adrienne Rich talks about writing furtively (on scraps) in the early days. Where are the rooms? Here framed is a crux of ars poetica /crux poetica: note the collective legion pluralized men turning and the individual Lisa agent: in this I hear a détourning of Rilke against the turn of men: her solitude is more than just self-ness as artist, it’s also a gender solitude (often ashamed uncertain) but longing to find escape into a oneness?
+*
+17
+- ‘all men seem to think’ [from Harryman ‘The Male’: ‘Do I think, said the Male?’] truncating this sentence [‘all men seem to think’] shows what Stein showed: sentences hold step-by-step powers. Hilarious. Also the Men are substitutions: could, as a proper name, be replaced with The Boners, The Third Legs, The Screwdrivers, The Power-Towers... so The Men are a rock band and we feel a little sorry (a lot sorry) pathos for the Rolling Men. Keith’s tongue, Keith’s jowls, Keith’s throat skin. men are so stupidly static that they end up changing everything. ‘i fear life will change’ [why not just say what happened? Marvellous!].
+18
+-An elegy for the unchanging changing men of sorts, life must already be changing: good riddance, but said in a husky, longing way. Sad little boys adorably framed in blue sky they are boys and this is a dismissal but one that gathers them and them puffs them back into the air: sweet explosion of the Men as they are made of meat but also old dusty flower ingredients.
+*
+19
+- (‘Evening Lit the Gnat’)
+20
+-Furthering of I hate speech to I gland speech: inside transparencies or passion there is the Johnson/junk/python/something-to-cripple-your-sister of the men, wiggling in our faces (‘a man could learn a lot from conchologists’)—to be taught to be the men is shown in The Men a mirthful extension of Butler’s psychic life to show the performing of men-ness. All The Men lick the conch on Survivor when they are not being watched. They are being watched. We see their devil eyes in the night-vision: a green licking. That is the men that could learn. And –‘this is where I speak from the false mouth of the man’/ this is poverty.
+21
+-LR’s incessant interest in what the men have done, removed, or augmented with respect to poetics; again I accept this fever of a theme as evidence that LR wants us to see the desire for falseness (how the men have established a world of self-love of love-love—they are very adorable, very belligerent). ‘This is our passion to speech.’ When we speak concoctions of desire? Hydromel? ‘ejecting men’? I [she?] calls it hydromel? Juice names a syllable on my face—ejects/ejaculates the men-truth having to do with wet gifts/ LR’s bleating ‘I’ falling up to a ‘You’: kind of terrifying in that her ‘A Lyric Book’ makes you wonder how much of the beauty she wants to be read as violence and vice versa.
+22
+-I have no right—ever?—to even overhear some of this—do I? ‘I Laura I Hazel’: the names of women as The Women to testify to a poetry that is replete with real bodies. Yet, she says that ‘as much falsity as I can use, I carry’ so I must explore spuriousness/ The men are not true and therefore the women must be carrying fictions.
+*
+23
+- There. Now. The men are concepts. Of course this declaration is a gloss on the book itself. Men never was a concept before. Obscurely the men are preamble [I like this because it proves that we are going to walk right beyond the men even if we are admiring them too]. What? What? What? Insistence of a grouping/taxonomy that revels in ongoingness [a lyric book like Stacy Doris’s “conservative” book apparently flags the formal knowingness of the manuscript: but these are not descents, regressions or retreats and therefore of course the joke on the men and other paramours is that declaring the lyricism/conservatism is to banish both—charmingly (in the sense of magic).]
+24
+-Let’s get down to that admiring, as the body does it with other bodies. -trashfuck or hydromel/ prolix. Summation of prolixity: the text knows that clear prose is also not feasible.
+25
+-they have an electric fan rubbery mastery occurs to me—finally—that this green book could make a fine rejoinder to the Green Box. As Duchamp (original Girly Man) details and anatomizes his agricultural machine (the bride rendered mechanical-vegetable a la rubber leather fakery of Given) LR returns the favour to the chocolate grinding bachelor. Stripping the célibataires also required/s wedding the technical argot with the everyday slop-sounds of desire. Desire is therefore neither a science nor a quotidian ho-hum: we must continually keep doing it as a middle living.
+26
+-it is amazing that any men are Buddhists
+*
+27
+(‘A Record’)
+28
+-Diane Williams’ story: masters of the universe, the stink of men even boys-before-men same odour here (LR: ‘I’ll be their glamorous thing and then I won’t’).
+29
+-Litany of men, wry apologia!
+30
+-Formality of speech ( I dare not/there is a physiognomy of men/I cannot condemn) of a man archly proper; I (LR’s?) makes 17th Century sounds and not an easy ironic ventriloquism but an entering into the ‘reverence of speech’ as men have spoken it/recorded it throughout history; here the sound of ‘I dare not’ halts us into feeling (again) the performance of words in their particular histories.
+31
+-Wondrous migraine of that task: attempting to understand the truth of them that have wielded so much fiction—using representation to get at what’s behind representation, Robertson (wondrously) wrestles and admits to submitting to appearance until ‘real pain crowds my real head’—so for me this failing opens up at least one body that we can read as real and feel that suffering... which is good.
+32
+-The concept of the men is elastic (erotic stretch muse subject).
+*
+33
+(Of the Vocable)
+34
+-Checked-in perhaps to Cohen’s I am a Hotel but simultaneously we ride with her despair; she cannot or has not advertised it as such saying ‘inside the men are people.’ They are tiny and going about their business. Or inside the façade there exist ‘real men.’ Are they real people? We know that ‘the men are as mysterious as art’ and that this book is malediction, valediction, middlediction. How else to speak about men’s health and ‘the little teeth in their passion:’ as homage-like as it is she has mastered them, honour and desire
+35
+-she honours/desires both their honour and desire but sends-up both too.
+*
+36
+(Speech)
+37
+What is the/a speech? LR says, ‘a lyric comportment with succulence’ but also ‘how boring and fascinating the men.’ What does rhetoric get you? It gets you ten men named Phil and Jeff (Hundred Brothers?); a permanent revolution; and some wild horses. So, yo, what are the men for? To have or to be—I can’t make up my mind.
+- WE vs DE
+- Slaanesh Warriors (1500 pts)
+- Blue Moon Night Goblin Army List (2k)
+- 2250 vampire counts
+- Can Great Unclean One's join Plaguebearers?
+- Bretonnia 2250 list used
+- Steam Tank questions about power
+- 2000pt Saphery Warhost
+- 1500pts HE Balanced
+- Non-marked and "Human" WoC army. Can it work?
+- 2250 WoC Competitive List Opinions Wanted..
+- Help with a 500pt Lizardmen army
+- 2250 O&G balanced(i suppose)
+- 2000pt Corsair Raiding party
+- WoC Tourney list, Buboes spam
+- Slann in building
+- Can DOW still be taken in rare slots?
+- WoC 750 starting list
+- WoC vs DE [serious help needed]
+- Strength 7 vs. Chariots
+- Bloodthirster changing weapons?
+- challenge of eternites
+- Friendly Daemon 2250 list (gasp)
+- WOC Tzeentch Dragon list
+- What to buy for Exalted+horsemen unit
+- 3k WoC Tournemant List , Looking for Help
+- 2K High Elves, first game in a bit
+- Dwarf List
+- Peasants, are the worth their points??
+- How do Vampires kill Hydras?
+- 2k pts competitive VC army?
+- 2k Vampire Counts
+- Annoyance of Netlings vs +1 to hit
+- Bretonnians: Bear's Anger + Virtue of Heroism
+- My third attempt at fantasy-Chaos 1,500
+- 7+ Armor Save, Impossible?
+- Familiars
+- Skaw the Falconer?
+- quick chargin question
+- WOC 2000ish C&C
+- Ward save question
+- 2000pts fairly competitive Dark elf list
+- New WoC Player looking for advice
+- WoC Question About Screening Frenz. Knights
+- 2000 pt Ogre Kingdoms List For All Comers
+- Wood Elf Warband List
+- Power Builds/Units of the Vampire Counts
+- enchanted shield.
+- 2k Lizardmen list, need help
+- 1k and 1.5 bubonic court for campaign
+- Magical Lances in subsequent rounds of combat
+- lizardmen army list
+- 4k Warriors of Chaos vs Ogres
+- The order of the broken lance
+- 1K Dwarfs
+- 2 grps of 12 warriors or 1 of 18+
+- Legendary Lizardmen Battle List
+- I love my Dragons....
+- New to Warhammer - High Elf 2k
+- Cathayan longsword + Ironfist?
+- 2000pt Khorne WoC List - Themed
+- Lore of Heavens Targeting
+- 750 points: WoC first WHFB game in 8 years
+- dark elf 2250
+- 3000 Points High Elves Army- My first go! C&C Please :)
+- 1500pts Bretonnia Army List!!!!
+- 2250 WPS comp Tomb Kings
+- forbidden lore & campaign/tourney
+- Mark of Nurgles versus Tzeentch: the definitive stats
+- 3,000pts Lizardmen
+- Ogre Kingdoms - Plastic Only
+- 3000 pt. Slaanesh/Tzeentch Leadership Bomb
+- VC First ever
+- unit size question
+- All Asrai - no Forest spirts...viable?
+- Tullaris + Kouran Effects
+- Looking for non-cheesy tourny Khorne List
+- Mouted chaos lord's base
+- lord guy's peasent army
+- Stand and Shoot against a failed charge?
+- Frenzied Flying Charger Question
+- 2250 Daemons w/ no GD, Flamers, or Flesh hounds
+- Stegadons Howdah Weapon problem
+- 2250 Combat Dwarfs
+- Favour of the God on Char in Unit
+- Req advice on noob DE and WoC armies
+- Question on Giant Attacks
+- 2000 points O&G Chariot Mayhem...
+- Competitive 2500 WoC
+- Revolutionary Lm vs Orcs 2500
+- How Would You FinishThis List At 1.5k
+- Chosen Champion+ Book of Secrets
+- 2250 tournament HE attempt
+- Blue Scribes
+- Deliberately Evil DoC list, 2250
+- 1500 points Tournament List (DE)
+- 2250 Lizardmen Wall of Doom
+- Question about Staff of Damnation
+- 2000pt Wood Elf list - No tree spirits.
+- Attempt of totally broken shadestar
+- Lizardmen Question?
+- Do trolls suck?
+- 2500pt DE army, which one is better??
+- The giant
+- WLC misfire controllable?
+- Stupidity and Itp... LM and WoC...
+- first tournament for LM
+- 1+ to hit, is it automatic?
+- woc 2250 all comers
+- Charged from the front & rear: break test & flee result or destroyed?
+- 1000 point Brets (All Cavalry)
+- Stupidity and Frenzy
+- 1999 WoC List
+- 2250 Daemons Ld list
+- The Field Trebuchet
+- 2250 Nurgle WoC list that goes with a 2250 Nurgle Daemons list, is it good?
+- Cav-based Empire... thoughts?
+- first LM tournament army 2250
+- 2250pt Tournament List - Archmage on a Moon Dragon
+- WoC Baiting and Screening
+- Some Dark elf questions
+- Redirecting with skirmishers
+- Calvary, can they march move?
+- 2250 DE Monster Mash
+- New WOC Army List Inc Vilitch (191pts left)
+- My Battle reports (mostly O&G)
+- 2000 pts stegzilla
+- Bretonnian Peon list - 2000pts
+- 2250 HE - Teclis and a Dragon Mage
+- Newbie starting an empire army 500pts
+- [VampireCounts][500&1000][First Try]
+- Charging with a Unit in the Way...
+- Giving 2000 pt WE a second shot
+- Making an Army
+- Marauder horsemen full command, should I bother?
+- 2250 Ogre tournament list
+- New Night Gobbo tactics thread.
+- 2250 VCs - What to drop for 2000?
+- 2k Orcs & Goblins
+- WoC named character sizes question
+- 1k Lizzards First attempt
+- Tyrion's Mount, Malhandir
+- LM Question
+- How can I? (stunties)
+- new we army idea/questions
+- 1000pts DE Cav List
+- High Elves 3000 Points- Version 2!
+- 2500 Bretonnian list also has 2250 points as well
+- 2250 of WE goodness!
+- Contemplating a Dark Elf army.
+- Charging over fanatics
+- 6th vs 7th
+- Stupidity Question
+- WoC 2000pts- NEED Help choosing another unit!
+- Wulfrik the Wanderer - Seafang
+- Scyla Anfingrimm?
+- Banner of the Hidden Dead
+- first fantasy army
+- WoC vs DoC
+- Combat Heavy Vampires Tourney Army - 2000 Points - Please Comment
+- What heppens between the changling and a giant?
+- Lizardman Magic Item problem
+- Characters in units?
+- Ogrekingdoms 2250 points turney
+- How much models would I need for Raising in a VC army?
+- Krazyface picks a fight with some deamons
+- Rank Size
+- Storak Tries Again...
+- 2250 WoC... Slightly newbie...
+- WoC-2,000 points
+- 2200 points of dwarfs.
+- pursuit off the table
+- Warrior Priests and Free Companies
+- 3000 pts HE list
+- army list questions
+- Competitive 2000pts Tzeenitch Warriors of Chaos Army
+- [500/1000][Wood Elves]First attempts
+- 1000 Points Vampire Counts Vs. Wood Elves! Help!
+- 2000pt Gnoblar based list.
+- 3500 WoC vs Vamps
+- O&G test list 2500
+- Savage Orc Boyz
+- 2250 Daemons
+- WOC 2000 points mini Torny
+- Decent choices for LM versus TKs
+- Ogre mercs joined by characters
+- 1999pts tourny list Vampire Counts Cheesy??
+- 3,000 Bretonnian
+- charging skirmishers
+- Orc & Goblin 3000 points
+- To Tzeentch or not to Tzeentch . . .
+- fighting in ranks vs meat grinder
+- WoC 1k campaign army list.
+- Ogre Kingdoms Characters Idea
+- 2250 O+G for tourny, need help
+- Savage Orc Boyz
+- 2250 High Elf Speed Army (no blocks)
+- Waaagh! Ironpantz-2250 O&G List
+- Where do casualties come from?
+- Battle reports sticky
+- More Advanced Deployment
+- 2000 Pts Empire
+- No Lord Lizards, 2k
+- Tactica: Critical Mass
+- Aggressive Combat oriented 2K vamps for tourney
+- Where are the two wound guys?
+- O&G 2000pts screw around list
+- Buboes
+- empire 1000 pt list.. would you bring.......
+- Orcs and gubbinz 2.25k (trying to cut down to 2k)
+- Best banner for black orcs
+- First ever TK list 1000 points
+- 1.5k Carnival Of Count Fudge-ula
+- VC Rare Options
+- Vampires 2,500 Point Army List - Need Suggestions
+- my Orcs in a tourny
+- Detachment rules
+- character light VC army
+- 2250 Greenskins!
+- 2250 of Dwarfs~
+- Knight of the Realm. 1500.
+- Declaring multiple charges
+- Skaven Book
+- Mark of Nurgle errata.
+- Vampires 2k
+- 3K Ogre Eavy list (hits ard)
+- 1999pts VC list for the tournament everyone else is going to
+- Halting the tide! Lizards vs Daemons
+- O&G pump wagon base size?
+- Knight of the Realm. 2000.
+- Spear Chucka + Bully + Shaman = Animosity?
+- 750 WoC
+- Rule of Burning Iron + Spirit of the Forge
+- 2000pt Orc army - all orcs
+- Executioner's Axe and Standard of Hag Graef?
+- 1000 point Dark Elf campaign list
+- Bret lance formation
+- irresistible force problem
+- Empire 2000pts Mixed army
+- 2250 Vampire Counts - How Tame is This List?
+- Warp Lightning Cannon...
+- 1002 pts Lizardmen vs HE
+- 2250 vamps tourny list
+- WOC 2250 Chariot BSB
+- Skaven of the Clan Moulder, 2250 points of rats
+- 3K Dwarf Slayer list
+- Sub-Tactica: WoC Monsters
+- can u shhot fleeing units with missile weopons?
+- Skaven Magic Items
+MR LIU
+148 LORDSHIP LANE
+EAST DULWICH
+SE22 8HB
+0208 693 8266
+0208 693 3341
+CASH ON DELIVERY ONLY
+OPENING HOURS
+Sunday to Thursday 5.30pm - 11.00pm
+Friday and Saturday 5.30pm - 11.30pm
+Open Bank Holidays 5.30pm - 11.30pm
+MONDAY CLOSED
+EASTER MONDAY CLOSED
+APPERTISERS
+1 Assorted hot d'Oeuvres (2 persons) £9.00
+2 Lettuce Wrap £5.80
+3 Spare Ribs Peking Style £4.70
+4 Spare Ribs Capital Style in Sauce £4.70
+5 Spare Ribs Salt & chilli (hot) £4.70
+6 Sesame Prawn on Toast £3.90
+7 Crispy Fried Seaweed £3.60
+8 Stuffed Crab Claw £3.40
+9 Deep Fried Wontons £3.60
+10 Butterfly Prawns £3.60
+11 Mussels Black Bean Sauce (hot) £4.70
+12 Steamed Scallop with Garlic
+or Black Bean Sauce (hot) £8.00
+13 Lobster with ginger and spring onion
+or Black Bean Sauce £23.00
+14 Deep Fried Prawn Dumpling £4.50
+15 Aromatic Roast Lamb £7.00
+16 Smoke Shredded Chicken £4.60
+17 Vegetable Gyoza £4.00
+18 Grilled Pork Dumpling £4.00
+19 Soft Shell Crab Salt Chilli (hot) £4.90
+20 Salt Chilli Prawns (hot) £6.30
+21 Satay Chicken £4.60
+22 Char Siu Bun (2) £4.00
+23 Thai Fish Cake £3.90
+24 Mini Vegetable Spring roll £3.60
+25 Vietnamese Spring roll £3.60
+26 Prawn Crackers £2.00
+27 Steam Pork Dim Sum £3.60
+28 Steam Prawn Dim Sum £3.60
+29 Chicken Wing Salt Chilli (hot) £4.70
+SOUP
+30 Wonton Soup £2.80
+31 Hot &Sour Soup (hot) £2.80
+(Vegetarian option available)
+32 Chicken Sweetcorn Soup £2.80
+33 Crab Meat Sweetcorn Soup £3.20
+34 Three Variety Seafood Soup £3.20
+35 Mixed Vegetable Soup £2.80
+36 Chicken Noodle Soup £2.80
+DUCK & CHICKEN DISHES
+38 Aromatic Crispy Duck (1/4) £7.50
+(1/2) £14.00
+(whole) £27.00
+served with pancake and salad
+39 Duck Black Bean Sauce (hot) £5.60
+40 Chicken Satay Sauce (hot £5.00
+41 Duck with Pineapple £5.60
+42 Duck Chinese mushroom & £5.60
+Bamboo Shoot
+43 Chicken Cashewnut Yellow Bean £5.00
+44 Grill Chicken Peking Style £5.00
+45 Chicken Lemon Sauce £5.00
+46 Chicken Black Bean (hot) £5.00
+47 kung po Chicken £5.00
+48 Chicken Szechuan Style (hot) £5.00
+49 Chicken Oyster Sauce £5.00
+50 Chicken Ginger &Spring Onions £5.00
+51 Chicken with English Mushroom £5.00
+BEEF DISHES
+52 Beef Ginger &Spring Onions £5.60
+53 Beef Satay Sauce £5.60
+54 Beef Black Bean Sauce (hot) £5.60
+55 Beef Oyster Sauce £5.60
+56 Beef Chinese Mushroom & £5.60
+Bamboo Shoots
+57 Crispy Shredded Chilli Beef (hot) £5.60
+58 Beef with Broccoli £5.60
+SEAFOOD DISHES
+59 Steam Seabass £12.00
+with ginger &spring onion or black bean sauce
+60 Fresh Crab in Shell £10.50
+with ginger &spring onion or black bean sauce
+61 Squid Salt Chilli (hot) £6.30
+or black bean sauce
+62 Prawns Black Bean Sauce (hot) £6.30
+63 Prawns Ginger &Spring Onion £6.30
+64 Grilled Prawns Peking Style £6.30
+65 Prawns with Green Peppers £6.30
+66 Kung po Prawns £6.30
+67 Prawns Chinese Mushroom & £6.30
+Bamboo Shoot
+68 Prawns Szechuan Style £6.30
+69 Grilled Fish Peking Style £6.30
+70 Prawns with Fine Beans £6.30
+BARBECUED DISHES
+71 Roast Duck £5.60
+72 Roast Pork (char siu) £5.00
+73 Roast Crispy Belly Pork £5.00
+SWEET & SOUR DISHES
+74 Sweet Sour Fish £6.30
+75 Sweet Sour Prawns £6.30
+Hong Kong Style or Balls
+76 Sweet Sour Chicken £5.00
+Hong Kong Stlye or Balls
+77 Sweet Sour Pork £5.00
+Hong Kong Style or Balls
+78 Sweet Sour Mixed Vegetables £4.20
+SIZZLING PLATE DISHES
+79 Beef Steak Black Bean Sauce (hot) £6.80
+80 Beef Steak Black Pepper Sauce £6.80
+81 Beef Staek Cantonese Style £6.80
+82 Beef Steak Ginger Spring Onion £6.80
+83 Prawns Black bean Sauce £6.80
+84 Prawns Ginger Spring Onion £6.80
+85 Three Seafood Variety £7.80
+86 Scallop with Spring Onions £7.50
+87 Chicken Black Bean Sauce (hot) £5.00
+88 Chicken with Spring Onions £5.00
+89 Lamb Slices with Spring Onions £6.80
+90 Beef Steak Salt & Chilli (hot) £6.80
+VEGETABLE & BEANCURD DISHES
+91 Stir Fried Beansprout £4.20
+92 Stir Fried Mixed Vegetables £4.20
+93 Chinese kai Lan with Garlic or Oyster Sauce £4.60
+94 Pak Choi with Garlic or Oyster Sauce £4.60
+95 Stir Fried Broccoli with Garlic £4.20
+96 Stir Fried Fine Beans £4.20
+97 Stir Fried English Mushrooms £4.20
+98 Beancurd Black bean Sauce £5.00
+99 Monk's Mixed Vegetables £4.20
+100 Fried Chinese Mushroom &
+Bamboo Shoot £4.60
+101 Beancurd Ginger Spring Onion £5.00
+102 Ma Por tofu (cook with mince beef) £5.00
+103 Beancurd Salt &Chilli (hot) £5.00
+CURRY DISHES
+104 King Prawn Curry £6.30
+105 Chicken Curry £5.00
+106 Beef Curry £5.60
+107 Chicken Thai Green Curry £5.00
+108 King Prawn Thai Red Curry £6.30
+109 Spicy Malay Lamb Curry £5.60
+RICE & NOODLE DISHES
+110 Lotus Leaf Special Fried Rice £6.00
+111 King Prawn Fried Rice £6.30
+112 Duck Fried Rice £4.60
+113 Special Fried Rice £4.00
+114 Beef Fried Rice £4.00
+115 Chicken Fried Rice £4.00
+116 Roast Pork Fried Rice £4.00
+117 Egg Fried Rice £2.80
+118 Steam Rice £2.50
+119 Singapore Fried Vermicelli Noodle (hot) £4.20
+120 Special Chow Mein £4.20
+121 Seafood Crispy Noodle £6.30
+122 King Prawn Chow Mein £6.30
+123 Beef Chow Mein £4.00
+124 Chicken Chow Mein £4.00
+125 Mixed Vegetable Chow Mein £4.00
+126 Beef Hofun Noodle £4.80
+127 King Prawn Hofun Noodle £6.3
+128 Chicken Hofun Noodle £4.80
+129 Plain Chow mein £3.00
+Extra Dishes
+130 Prawns in Garlic Sauce £6.80
+131 Stuffed Mushroom with Mash Prawn £6.30
+132 Stuffed Aubergine with Mash Prawn £6.30
+133 Shredded Aubergine with Sweet Chilli £4.60
+134 Deep Fried Aubergine Salt Chilli (hot) £4.60
+135 Aubergine Black Bean (hot) £4.60
+136 Mixed Vegetable &Cashewnut in
+Black Bean Sauce £4.60
+137 Chicken Udon Noodles £4.80
+138 Beef Udon Noodles £4.80
+139 Aromatic Lamb Soya Sauce with Chilli £5.60
+140 King Prawn with Broccoli £6.30
+141 Beef Szechaun Style £5.60
+142 Chips £2.30
+143 House Special Crispy Noodle £6.00
+SPECIAL SET DINNERS
+A For Two Persons or More total £3400
+Assorted Hot Hors d'Oeuvres
+Aromatic Crispy Duck
+Mixed Vegetables
+Beef Ginger &spring Onions
+Sweet &Sour Chicken
+Special Fried Rice
+B For Three Persons or More total £55.50
+Assorted Hot Hors d'Oeuvres
+Aromatic Crispy Duck
+Chicken Lemon Sauce
+Prawns Ginger &Spring Onion
+Mixed Vegetables
+Special Fried Rice
+C For Four Persons or More total £68.00
+Assorted Hot Hors d'Oeuvres
+Aromatic Crispy Duck
+Chicken Black Bean Sauce
+Sizzling Beef Steak Cantonese Style
+Mixed Vegetables
+Special Fried Rice
+VEGETARIAN SET DINNER
+D For Two Persons or More total £25.00
+Mini Vegetable Spring roll
+Pak Choi in Garlic Sauce
+Egg Fried Rice
+Mixed Vegetable Noodle
+Beancurd Salt Chilli
+Aubergine Black Bean Sauce
+Return to Transcripts main page
+CONNECT THE WORLD
+Talking Tough Over Iran; U.N. Humanitarian Chief Visits Syria; Chelsea Fires Another Manager; International Observers Call Russian Presidential Election Unfair; Protests in Moscow; Putin Supporters Celebrate; Guarded Reaction to Putin's Election; Russian Tycoon Considering Return to Politics; A Tsar is Born; Young Japanese Rebuilding Japan; Prince Harry's Royal Caribbean Tour; Parting Shots of Iditarod Sled Dog Race
+Aired March 5, 2012 - 16:00 ET
+THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
+BECKY ANDERSON, HOST: Tonight on CONNECT THE WORLD, talking tough over Iran. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) BENJAMIN NETANYAHU, ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER: Israel remains the master of its fate. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: Israel says it's reserved the right to defend itself. But the U.S. president insists there is still time for diplomacy. ANNOUNCER: Live from CNN London, this is CONNECT THE WORLD with Becky Anderson. ANDERSON: Tonight, as the UN's nuclear watchdog expresses serious concerns over Iran's ambitions, we'll attempt to separate the facts from the real politics. Also this hour, Russian police break up a rally to protest Putin's victory. One of his most outspoken critics tells me why he now plans to enter the political fray. And... (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) MAX FOSTER, CNN ANCHOR: Well, we're still chasing Prince Harry. We'll finally get there at some point. We're now in a boat. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: By boat and by bus, Max races across the Bahamas on a mission to track down Prince Harry. Standing together against a perceived nuclear threat, but still at odds over some critical considerations. We begin tonight with a high stakes meeting between the United States and Israel. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu met at the White House today. Both were adamant about preventing Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. But they apparently haven't reached agreement on explicit red lines, actions by Iran that would trigger a military response. Mr. Netanyahu says Iran must not be allowed even the capability to manufacture a bomb, saying Israel will do whatever it takes to erase the threat. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) NETANYAHU:. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: Well, the UN's nuclear watchdog voiced its own concerns about Iran today. The International Atomic Energy Agency says it cannot verify Iran's claim that its program is peaceful, saying it has -- and I quote -- "credible evidence of nuclear weapon research." Well, President Obama says there is -- and I quote -- "still a window for diplomacy to work" here. But the U.S. and Israel apparently don't agree on how fast that window is closing. We are covering every angle of this story for you tonight, as you would imagine. Dan Lothian is at the White House. Fionnuala Sweeney is in Jerusalem. And Matthew Chance is covering the IAEA meeting in Vienna -- Dan, I want to start with you. There's rarely been a more anticipated meeting between heads of state. Is it clear yet whether there is anything like agreement here on the way forward? DAN LOTHIAN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Well, no. I mean I don't think that -- we weren't expecting any major agreement to come out of this meeting today. The meeting, by the way, in the Oval Office lasting for about two hours. Then both President Obama and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu moved on to a lunch meeting, as well. But the message remains the same from this administration, is that one of being patient, to let diplomacy work, believing here at the White House that sanctions will force Iran to abandon its nuclear ambitions. Nonetheless, though, President Obama being very clear with his message here at the White House today, that the U.S. continues to support Israel and, as the president puts it, has Israel's back. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) BARACK OBAMA, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We all know that it's unacceptable, from Israel's perspective, to have a country with a nuclear weapon that has called for the destruction of Israel. But as I emphasized yesterday, it is profoundly in the United States' interests, as well, to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. We do not want to see a nuclear arms race in one of the most volatile regions in the world. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: All right. Well, that was Obama, Dan. I want you to stay with us for a moment. And I want to step back from the rhetoric now and take stock of some of the realities on the ground. Israel and some others say the world can't risk a nuclear Iran, predicting a doomsday scenario. But are these fears well-founded? Here's Reza Sayah with a fact check. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) REZA SAYAH, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Many U.S. politicians, Western and Israeli leaders call a nuclear-armed Iran the greatest danger to world peace. NEWT GINGRICH (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: An Iranian nuclear weapon is one of the most frightening things we have to confront for the future of every young person up here and every young person out there. NETANYAHU: The greatest danger of all could soon be upon us -- a militant Islamic regime armed with nuclear weapons. SAYAH (on camera): The narrative by those who fear Iran most goes something like this. Iran is ruled by mad mullahs and a deranged president, who are secretly building nuclear bombs and won't hesitate to use them. Therefore, they must be stopped, even if that means attacking Iran first. (voice-over): But top U.S. military officials and analysis say the often frightening rhetoric doesn't always match the facts. One of the most alarming claims is that Iran poses an existential threat to U.S. ally, Israel. That's a view called into question by top U.S. officials, including the nation's highest ranking military officer, General Martin Dempsey. GEN. MARTIN DEMPSEY, JOINT CHIEFS CHAIRMAN: I also understand that Israel has national interests that are unique to them. And, of course, they consider Iran to be an existential threat in a way that we have not concluded that Iran is an existential threat. SAYAH: U.S. officials say they believe Iran is trying to develop nuclear capability that could lead to production of a nuclear weapon. Iran insists its program is for peaceful purposes, powering plants to generate electricity. Some analysts say the conflicting claims create an atmosphere of uncertainty that serves as a deterrent in a keep them guessing defense strategy. (on camera): Neither Washington nor the UN's nuclear watchdog have actually said Iran is building a bomb. But what if Iran had nukes? (voice-over): U.S. officials and other analysts say they don't believe their leaders, widely seen by the West as extremists, are trigger happy. KARIM SADJADPOUR, CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE: They haven't shown themselves to be suicidal. What's paramount for Iran's leadership is to remain in power. And so if you're a suicidal regime, you usually don't survive for 33 years. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP FROM "FAREED ZAKARIA GPS") FAREED ZAKARIA, HOST, "FAREED ZAKARIA GPS": When you observe Iranian behavior, does it strike you as highly irrational? DEMPSEY: That is a great question. And I'll tell you that I've -- I've been confronting that question since I came into the Central Command in 2008. And we -- we are of the opinion that the Iranian regime is a rational actor. PROFESSOR VALI NASR, TUFTS UNIVERSITY: They have ambitions of grandeur, not ambitions of destruction. SAYAH: But hasn't Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said repeatedly he wants Israel wiped off the map? Yes. But despite his confrontational tone, neither he nor other leaders have threatened to directly wage war against Israel. NASR: No, they've never used language that is as explicit as -- as that. But they have talked in very -- in terms that are -- basically deny Israel's right to exist. SAYAH: What Ahmadinejad initially said was misinterpreted, according to several analysts. They say he was not calling for an attack against Israel, but the ouster of its government, in favor of one Palestinian state, with Israel no longer recognized as a nation. SADJADPOUR: Iran has consistently rejected Israel's existence since the 1979 revolution and they've supported groups like Hamas and Islamic Jihad and Hezbollah, who agitate militarily against Israel. And for that reason, Israel fears that were Iran to acquire a nuclear weapon, it would simply embolden Iran to double down on these rejectionist groups. SAYAH: It could also lead to a major shift in the balance of power, creating instability in what is already one of the world's most volatile regions. (on camera): And that's enough for Israel, the U.S. and their allies to be very worried. Reza Sayah, CNN, Islamabad. (END VIDEO TAPE) ANDERSON: Some context for these discussions. Let me bring back my colleagues, Dan in -- in the U.S., Matthew in Vienna and Finn in Jerusalem -- Matthew, let me get -- come to you. Tell us more about this credible evidence the IAEA says that it has, of a -- of nuclear ambitions. MATTHEW CHANCE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Yes, it's a lot of intelligence that was handed, essentially, to the IAEA some time ago. They compiled it in their last report, which was -- which was put out in November of last year, where it sets out all these documents and all these intelligence assessments that have been given to the IAEA by Western intelligence agencies, basically setting out the kind of experimental work that Iran had done to try and develop, potentially, nuclear detonators and things like that. At one of the key sites involved in that, Becky, the site the Parchin, it's a military installation to the southeast of the capital, Tehran. It's inside that Parchin military base that the IAEA say they have intelligence which suggests that Iran conducted experiments on trigger devices for nuclear weapons. Now, they've been trying to get access to that site, but they haven't been given it. And so that's one of the sort of unanswered sort of issues, unanswered questions that -- that the IAEA are saying is, you know, one of the reasons they -- they need to get Iran's compliance -- Becky. ANDERSON: Finn, the Atomic Energy Agency, then, with serious concerns. That's the backdrop, at least, to this meeting in Washington. Now, last time this pair, the U.S. president and the Israeli prime minister, met, it was the Middle East peace process, of course, taking center stage. That now, at least in principle, seems to have been sidelined. FIONNUALA SWEENEY, CNN ANCHOR: Yes, absolutely. And much to the Palestinians' chagrin. Today, a news conference was held in Ramallah by Hanan Ashrawi, a veritable and long-time veteran of the Palestinian and Israeli political scene. And she bemoaned specifically what Barack Obama had to say yesterday at the AIPAC meeting in the United States, describing his tone as demeaning and saying she was extremely disappointed with the words that he had to say, that, in a sense, America was the only country that had the moral clout to do anything about the Israeli-Palestinian peace process and that Israel had been extremely adept at sidelining the issue, which is still bubbling under here, of course, and putting Iran front and center. As to the IAEA reports that came out earlier today, this will obviously give the Israeli government more grist to the mill in terms of their viewpoints that, really, it's only a question of time as to when Israel should be -- Israel should strike Iran. And a recent opinion poll over the weekend from the Brookings Institution said that some 19 percent of Israelis believe that there should not be a strike by Israel without U.S. support. And that figure rose to 42 percent once there was any kind of U.S. backing for such a strike. But overall, even if there was a strike by Israel now or in the future, some 68 percent of Israelis believe that Hezbollah would have a reprisal attack. ANDERSON: Yes, fascinating. Finn, thank you for that. Let's get back to Dan in Washington -- Dan, the headline out of this meeting is certain to be where these red lines are drawn on Iran, so far as the U.S. and Israel go. So is it any clearer, remind us, at this point? LOTHIAN: Well, you know, according to U.S. officials, they tell us that the position of this administration remains unchanged, and that is that President Obama does not want Iran to get a nuclear weapon. That is a much larger threshold than what the Israelis' position is. And that's that Iran not get nuclear capabilities. The message was clear to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu that the U.S. position would not be changing at all. So perhaps that gives a bit more clarity, but still shows that there's distance here when it comes to that issue. ANDERSON: Dan Lothian in Washington for you this evening, along with our colleagues around the world. We thank you very much, indeed, for joining us. Our top story this hour, Israel and its biggest ally say they are both determined to keep nuclear weapons out of Iran's hands, but they don't agree on what these red lines would be that would trigger military action. The U.S. still wants more time for sanctions and diplomacy. But Israel making it clear this evening it will strike, if necessary, and if it must, it will do it alone. You're watching CONNECT THE WORLD here on CNN, live from London. still to come, never in question -- the outcome of Russia's presidential election and the angry reaction to it. Plus, a very familiar face in global diplomacy is getting ready to travel to Syria. A live report on that. And later, the view from the top -- we're going to take a look at how Rory McIlroy became the best golfer on the planet. That and much more after this. Stay with us. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) ANDERSON: CONNECT THE WORLD here on CNN. Seventeen minutes past nine in London. I'm Becky Anderson for you. Welcome back. Now, a day after Vladimir Putin claimed an easy victory in Russia's presidential election, protesters are denouncing that vote. Reports say police arrested dozens of demonstrators in Moscow's Pushkin Square. Protesters calling the election illegitimate and international monitors say the results were skewed. But Mr. Putin dismissed the criticism in his victory speech on Sunday. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) VLADIMIR PUTIN, PRIME MINISTER, RUSSIA (through translator): And this is a victory, honest, intense. And we're appealing to all people to unite for our people, for our motherland. And we will win. We have won. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: Well, later, you're going to hear from one of Russia's wealthiest businessmen and his thoughts about the country's future. Two high profile visits announced for Syria today. We've learned the United Nations humanitarian chief will arrive in Syria on Wednesday, followed a few days later, by a former U.N. secretary general. CNN's Nic Robertson watching events in Syria from Beirut in Lebanon. And he joins me now live -- about time, I hear people saying. But it's not for want of trying, is it? NIC ROBERTSON, CNN CORRESPONDENT: It's not for want of trying. And you know what it took this time. It took, actually, Russia and China at the U.N. joining voices and saying that Valerie Amos, the UN's humanitarian chief, should be allowed into Syria after she was denied access just last week. And her -- her -- the purpose of her visit, she says, is to bring some aid to the humanitarian situation. And no doubt, one of the questions she will be asking is why, when the government has agreed, last week, that the Red Cross should be able to go into the Baba Amr neighborhood of Homs, but after four days it is now, and she'll be visiting Syria in the next two days, why hasn't the Red Cross been allowed in? Activists say in Homs that they've seen smoke rising from the Baba Amr neighborhood. They accuse the government of hiding its atrocities. They call -- accuse the government of summary executions there. The government says it's just cleaning up what the terrorists left behind. The Red Cross say that they have been able to get out some humanitarian aid to people that have fled Baba Amr. It's unclear how many people have fled, but 2,000 at least, according to the U.N. high commissioner for refugees, have made their way here, across the border into Lebanon. And the concern -- the humanitarian concern is that the more shelling the government does, the more people will be forced on the move and that, no doubt, this is something Valerie Amos is going to want to get guarantees from the Syrian government that this doesn't continue. It will be a very, very tough job for her -- Becky. ANDERSON: Yes, absolutely. We spoke to her last Friday, before she was hoping to go. She wasn't given permission at that point, Nic. Thank God she's got in. And we'll effort to speak to her while she's there. Nic Robertson for you out of Beirut this evening. Thank you, Nic. Let's get a look at some of the other stories connecting our world tonight. And a gang of gunmen dressed in military style uniforms killed 27 members of Iraq's police force. In a predawn attack on Monday, 30 disguised men entered Haditha and opened fire on checkpoints. The gang, carrying forged arrest warrants for two police commanders. Three of the attackers were killed in a gunfight with police forces. The rest fled after the attack. Well, we are hours away now from what's known as Super Tuesday, the day Republicans in 10 U.S. states vote for the man they want to take on Barack Obama. Now, a new CNN/ORC Poll puts frontrunners Mitt Romney in a tie with rival Rick Santorum in the key state of Ohio. Romney has picked up an endorsement from former attorney general, John Ashcroft. That is the third prominent conservative to back Romney in two days. More than 400 delegates are up for grabs in Tuesday's primaries and caucuses. China has cut its growth target to 7.5 percent, its lowest since 2004. Premier Wen Jibao's announcement comes as the country's leaders gather for the last parliamentary session of the current administration. The premier says that China still faces challenges in economic development. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) WEN JIABAO, CHINESE PREMIER  any time soon. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: Iceland's former prime minister has denied the country's financial disaster was his fault. Geir Haarde was in charge of the country when the banks collapsed there three years ago. He said in court he rejected all accusations. Iceland needed a $2 billion IMF bailout for a population of less than half a million. It's the world's first trial of a politician in connection with that global crisis. You're watching CONNECT THE WORLD here on CNN. Coming up, ringing in the changes at Chelsea again. What next for the club as they sack yet another manager? That's on your sports headlines, outside of football, after this. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) ANDERSON: A very warm welcome back. You're watching CONNECT THE WORLD here on CNN, live from London. I'm Becky Anderson. Now, Chelsea looking for its ninth manager in as many years. And owner Roman Abramovich, Andre Villas-Boas is the latest coach to be dismissed. The 34 -year-old sacked on Sunday, just 257 days into what was a three year contract. His fate sealed after Chelsea lost 1-0 to a team called West Brom. Very few of you will know (INAUDIBLE). For more on the changes at Chelsea, let's bring in -- in Don Riddell, my lord. DON RIDDELL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: You know, I interviewed a football manager once and he said the only thing you know for sure, Becky, the day you are hired is that one day, you're going to get sacked. And when you take a job at Chelsea, that's absolutely what's going to happen. I mean it's just incredible, Roman Abramovich has now sacked six managers during his time there. Andre Villas-Boas going, as you say, just after 257 days. Given their run of form, I don't think anybody was really that surprised. They've only won three of their last Premier League games. It was obvious the players didn't really want to play for him. They're outside the Champions League places. And Chelsea just cannot afford to miss out on the Champions League. So although it was, perhaps, expected, I think many within the game and certainly many fellow managers are rather disappointed that his contract has been severed there just so quickly. This is what the Arsenal manager had to say. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) ARSENE WENGER, ARSENAL MANAGER: I just can say I feel sorry for Andre Villas-Boas because I know him and I like him as a manager and as a man. And I feel sorry for him. And it's sad every time a manager loses his job, because it's a job that demands a full commitment. And I think he did that and that he -- I'm sorry that he was not given enough time to do his job. (END VIDEO CLIP) RIDDELL: Becky, you're a football fan. Have you ever stood on the terraces and chanted, "What a waste of money!?" ANDERSON: Yes. (LAUGHTER) ANDERSON: Regularly at tournaments. (LAUGHTER) RIDDELL: Yes. Well, you're supposed to chant that at opposing players... ANDERSON: Yes. RIDDELL: -- who you don't think are very good. But I mean in Chelsea's case, what a waste of money. And I'm not criticizing Andre Villas-Boas, but they spent $20 million... ANDERSON: Right. RIDDELL: -- to break his contract at Puerto to hire him. Then they put him on a contract where they were paying him $135,000 a week and they've got rid of him... ANDERSON: Yes. RIDDELL: -- after less than a season (INAUDIBLE)... ANDERSON: He was supposed to be there for three years. It was all about this new project, which was brilliant on the youngsters and sort of, to a certain extent, sidelining some of the older players brought in under Barilla, of course. Those players have been the ones who have made life really difficult for this 34 -year-old. Player power, really important at these big, big clubs? RIDDELL: Yes, well, it's really important to Chelsea. And you've got players like Frank Lampard and John Terry who really do have the ear of Roman Abramovich. And it really does sound like they have an awfully big say at what goes on at that club. And when you bring in a manager who has been successful in Portugal, but he's only 34 years old, that's the same age as some of these players. Some of those players are even older than him. So I think it was a very, very difficult position for him to be in. ANDERSON: One quiz -- quick question. The chosen one, on his way? RIDDELL: The special one (INAUDIBLE)... ANDERSON: Oh, he's the special one? RIDDELL: Yes. ANDERSON: Well, let's just choose him. RIDDELL: It was. ANDERSON: The chosen one, if he gets the job. RIDDELL: I mean he might be. I mean there are rumors that Mourinho, the former Chelsea manager, has been spotted house hunting in London. I think it would be quite something if he came back, but you never know. ANDERSON: Yes. All right. The special one possibly on his way. McIlroy, what a result in that golfing tournament... RIDDELL: Yes. ANDERSON: -- in the States. RIDDELL: Just incredible. The Honda Classic, Rory McIlroy... ANDERSON: Unbelievable. RIDDELL: -- the man from Hollywood, Northern Ireland, who really does seem to have been destined to become a star. I watched him as an amateur at the British Open in Carnoustie in 2007. He was the best amateur at that tournament. And within less than five years, he has established himself as one of the best young golfers of all time. There he is in action at the Honda Classic over the weekend. You know, in just a few short years, he's established himself as a Ryder Cup star. He's won five tournaments. He's won a major, the U.S. Open. Now he is the world number one. And given his form and the way he's been playing over the last couple of years, you can see him really building on this. ANDERSON: And to achieve that, he had to beat Tiger Woods or keep Tiger Woods at bay, who played the most remarkable round of golf. RIDDELL: Absolutely. ANDERSON: He's back. RIDDELL: Well, it's -- well, he -- he's back, to a certain extent. He's still not winning like he used to. ANDERSON: Yes. RIDDELL: But, yes, Tiger shot a 62 yesterday, nearly broke the course record. ANDERSON: Yes. RIDDELL: He is a former world number one, of course. Lee Westwood, another former world number one, shot a 63 yesterday. And McIlroy, we all saw the pressure that was put on him at the Masters last year and how he crumbled under that, how he can now handle the pressure. He kept both those guys at bay to win the tournament and become the world number one. ANDERSON: Oh, unbelievable stuff. We're going to hear from him on "WORLD SPORT" just about an hour from now with Mr. Riddell, Don Riddell. Don Riddell in the house for you this evening here on CNN. Stay with us for that. Still to come here in the next half hour, you're watching CONNECT THE WORLD. And an easy victory, but a challenging response -- what Vladimir Putin faces in his next term in office. Then, a year after scenes like these captured the attention of the world, we're going to introduce you to the young Japanese who are devoting their lives to cleaning up their country. And later, Britain's Prince Harry makes it to the Bahamas, but not before taking an unexpected detour. Stay with us here on CNN and we'll explain. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) ANDERSON: Welcome back, and for those who are just joining us, you're watching CONNECT THE WORLD here on CNN. It's time for a check of the world news headlines for you. US president Barack Obama says the United States and Israel both prefer diplomacy in dealing with the Iranian nuclear threat but are still considering a military option. He met today with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House. The UN nuclear watchdog chief says Iran's failure to cooperate with inspectors at its Parchin site makes it impossible to know if its program is peaceful. Meanwhile, CNN has learned that Iran offered inspectors a chance to check out another key site, but the IAEA declined. Thousands of Russian's protested Vladimir Putin's presidential election victory earlier today. Reports say police arrested dozens of people who refused to leave a rally in Moscow. Mr. Putin won about 65 percent of the vote to return to office for six years. A heavyweight diplomatic team is headed to Syria. Former UN boss Kofi Annan and the humanitarian chief, Valerie Amos, seen here, will both visit as international pressure mounts to end the bloodshed. Amos said the Syrian government has agreed to the visit. Super Tuesday is almost here, the day US Republicans in ten states will vote for their presidential candidate. A new CNN/ORC poll puts Mitt Romney and Rick Santorum in a tie in the key state of Ohio. Four hundred delegates are up for grabs on Tuesday. Well, now, on the criticism of Russia's presidential election, police breaking up a protest in Moscow's Pushkin Square. Thousands of people chanted "Russia yes, Putin no." International observers are harshly critical. Monitors say they witnessed ballot-stuffing and other irregularities at about a third of the polling stations that they observed. They called the election unfair from the start. (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) TONINO PICULA, OBSERVER CHIEF, OSCE: The biggest problem with this election is that there was no real competition. It was not a level playing field, and abused executive power as well as the inappropriate use of administrative resources ensured that ultimate winner of the election was never in doubt. The broadcast media was clearly biased in favor of one candidate and did not provide fair coverage of the other candidates. (END VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON: The anger sparked several protests in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, and police reportedly made arrests at all of them. CNN's Phil Black joining us now, live, from Moscow with the very latest. And yesterday, we spoke at this time, Putin about to declare his victory with only 20 percent of the vote counted at that point. An enormous rally in support of the would-be president in Moscow last night. You said tonight we'd expect to see opposition rallies, and we have, but they haven't been peaceful. PHIL BLACK, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: No. Well, there was one large rally, Becky, and it was largely peaceful. It resembled very much a lot of the opposition rallies we've seen in recent months. It was, I think, around 20,000 people or so, peaceful but very determined, a bit more edgy than what we've seen in the past. Certainly a lot of anger directed specifically at Vladimir Putin, and it was a very clear signal of their intention to maintain this campaign. But at the same time, in other areas of Moscow, and as you mentioned, in St. Petersburg, some more hardcore activists were conducting their own rallies. They were doing it illegally. They didn't have permission to do this in the first place, as the city authorities here require. So, the police moved in, and they were arrested. And even at the end of this large, big rally in Pushkin Square, which was legal, a number of the protesters there decided they were going to try and occupy that space, set up some sort of camp. Again, the police showed no tolerance for it whatsoever. They moved in in big numbers, forced most of the crowd out, arrested quite a few people, as well. So, at the end of an evening of rallies, in which, I think, around 20,000 people -- ANDERSON: Yes. BLACK: -- protested, around 250 people were arrested. What this shows is that there is an element within the protest movement who are looking to escalate their campaign, who want to take it just that little bit further, Becky. ANDERSON: In the past, Phil, I think it would be correct to say that we might have seen these sort of rallies today, and that would have been the extent of if. But given what you have seen of this opposition movement, the extent of the movement, the differing people that are in this movement these days, would you expect to see this opposition voice continue now? BLACK: Well, I think from what we saw today, with this large crowd on Pushkin Square, then I think the answer is yes. I think that's what they were saying. And you've got to remember just who the bulk of this crowd are. These are people who were not politically active just a few months ago. These are the comfortable middle class, urban-living people, the well-educated people who are very much fed up with Putin's rule. There's been a lot of talk about this particular demographic in recent months and how they've suddenly woken up to the politics of the country, and they're prepared to show just how angry they actually are. And yes, I think that they have signaled their intention to keep doing it, but there is a clear distinction between them and that more hardcore element of political activists, who are prepared to push the limit, provoke the authorities and, if necessary, become arrested or detained -- ANDERSON: Sure. BLACK: -- just to try and provoke that further reaction. ANDERSON: Phil Black's in Moscow for you this evening. Phil, thank you for that. Not all the demonstrations were in opposition to the election results. CNN's Jill Dougherty reports, now, on a gathering of Vladimir Putin supporters in central Moscow. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) JILL DOUGHERTY, CNN WORLD AFFAIRS CORRESPONDENT: We're here at a party, a celebration party for Vladimir Putin. This is really the 64 percent. These are the people who voted for Vladimir Putin, and they definitely support him. Some of the signs over here: "I'm for Putin and that is it." We're right off Red Square, and up on the stage, there are singers, there are dancers. There are a whole lot of people who support Vladimir Putin. We talked with some of the people. Some of them are factory workers, some of them are students. Actually, I talked to one guy who said he's here because it's the biggest party in town. And another thing, some of these kids actually were born after the end of the Soviet Union, so this was their first election, and they said they're going to be taking part in a lot more elections. Jill Dougherty, CNN, Moscow. (END VIDEOTAPE) ANDERSON: All right. Well, reaction to Mr. Putin's election has been generally guarded, it's got to be said. While the US said it was looking forward to working with the president-elect, Washington also urged Russia to conduct an independent probe of those election results. France accepted the victory was not in doubt, but said the election was not exemplary. Syria's embattled president Bashar al-Assad congratulated Mr. Putin. Russia's been a strong ally during Syria's year-long uprising. Japan's prime minister also sent congratulations and expressed hope for a a "wise" solution to a territorial dispute over a chain of islands. Well, one of Mr. Putin's most outspoken critics is billionaire Alexander Lebedev, an oligarch who has in the past accused the Russian authorities of targeting his business interests because of his vocal opposition to the Kremlin. These days, Alexander lives in London, but says he is impressed the people of Russia have found their voice, and he says he believes it may be time to chuck in the business towel and get home to get involved. Here's what he said when I spoke to him earlier. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) ALEXANDER LEBEDEV, RUSSIAN BUSINESSMAN: I plan to get out of business, to go more into politics, but it's not that easy. I've become to big. Hopefully, it's going to take me another three to four months. ANDERSON: Three to four months? LEBEDEV: Yes -- ANDERSON: Before you get back into politics? LEBEDEV: And then, I would try to change this stereotype that being on the Forbes list, you cannot be doing anything positive. ANDERSON: I wonder why you didn't stand this time, or at least try to stand. You could have got two million -- LEBEDEV: It's just a complete waste of resources. Even if you pay, say, like Zhirinovsky or Prokhorov, say, $100 for a second try, which means two million signatures. How much is it? It's $200 million US? You just throw it out of the window. ANDERSON: That's nothing to you. LEBEDEV: I don't have the cash, really. ANDERSON: Your response to the result? LEBEDEV: Well, the election is the election, but corruption is the corruption, and the deficiencies of the institutions, and this is why the people are protesting, are still there. So, it's up to Putin, actually, to change that or to leave it the way it used to be. Until recently, we had no proper election, no proper parliament, no proper judicial system, no proper media, mostly controlled by Kremlin, by the state. And putting aside the accusations, which are wrong, from the authorities, that these people are calling for a revolution, I would say the protests will continue, unless the authorities listen and change. ANDERSON: It's been an interesting exercise, hasn't it? Because something like as many as 25 percent of the voting public now have voiced their dissent, certainly on the streets if not reflected in the vote. What does a President Putin need to do now to legitimize his victory and/or quiet down this dissent? LEBEDEV: Finish what has been promised, which is a new law on the protest, which would be liberalizing the possibility for everyone to organize a protest. It depends how far Putin would like to go, because I think number one problem for him is corruption. ANDERSON: For our audience, it's important to get a sense of who Putin will be on the international stage. For example, Clinton, Hillary Clinton, accused Russia only a week or so ago of "despicable behavior" over its UN veto on Syria. How will that have gone down with a President Putin? LEBEDEV: It's a tricky question. If you look at what has been achieved in Libya by the international effort, and I doubt you would consider that a success. Now, on Syria, until there is a proper consensus on what should be done, and I hear different voices from the Gulf, from the United States, from Europe, I think Russia's position is they're sort of trying to moderate the effort. So, if Russia becomes a more European country, with proper democratic institutions, I do not object to Russia playing sort of a stabilizing role, a moderating role, in cases like Libya-Syria because, apparently, with all of the war expert faces in Iran, somebody has to play this role, which is not necessarily a negative one. ANDERSON: So, do you think that a Russia under Putin will become a more European, more democratic country? LEBEDEV: We have to become more European. There's nothing wrong about it. It's absolutely -- the protesters are completely right. We have to be a member of EC one day. It's a completely clear and proper position on the foreign policies. And I hope Putin would gradually accept that. (END VIDEOTAPE) ANDERSON: Alexander Lebedev speaking to me earlier. Well, so far, Putin has spent eight years as president. Now, his recent win means he could potentially rule for another 12 years. Now, that has led some protesters to compare him with a Russian tsar. Well, the president still has a while to go before he can compete with these notorious past leaders. There's Nicholas II, the country's last tsar, who ruled for 22 years. Then, Peter the Great, who ruled Russia for 42 years. And finally, there's Ivan the Terrible. He took the throne when he was just 3 years old and ruled for a phenomenal 51 years. Good luck, Vladimir. Coming up next on CONNECT THE WORLD, serving their country. A year after that tsunami devastated parts of Japan, some young people have given up life in the big cities to give back to the smaller towns. That story, coming up. Do stay with us. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) ANDERSON: It's been nearly a year since a massive earthquake off the coast of Japan triggered a tsunami and a nuclear meltdown that crippled huge parts of the country. Scenes like these broadcast across the globe, showing the unstoppable waves smashing into the coast. 15,000 people were killed in that disaster. Japan's struggles have inspired an unlikely group to take action. They are young adults from the big cities who've decided they can't sit by and watch small towns in their country disappear forever. CNN's Kyung Lah has this inspirational story. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) KYUNG LAH, CNN INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Daybreak at the dock. Culturing oysters. And nurturing scallops, as families have done for generations in Ogatsu, Japan. But the student learning here today is not this fisherman's son or schooled in the trade. LAH (on camera): Nothing related to fishing? LAH (voice-over): "Nothing at all," says Takashi Tachibana. Tachibana studied political science and ran his own small business in Tokyo, a cushy full-time job and a life in the city he gave up to move to the tsunami-devastated town of Ogatsu. LAH (on camera): Did you fundamentally change after the disaster? LAH (voice-over): "I think so," he says. "I now act not just with my head, but with my heart." His heart was moved, he explains, by last year's destructive tsunami and the suffering of a ravaged region. And it's not just him. These people in their 20s and 30s are part of a reverse migration and renewed volunteerism among the young, who are returning to the rural communities. "I'm Japanese, too," says 27-year-old Ayumi Tashima. She's in Ogatsu volunteering on the weekend. She doesn't know anyone here, but just wants to help. LAH (on camera): A year after the disaster, the town of Ogatsu looks like the tsunami and the earthquake struck just yesterday: 75 percent of the population left here, seeing no reason to rebuild, no economic future for this place. The people left behind say, without young people coming in, this town will die. LAH (voice-over): Hiromitsu Ito is a third generation Ogatsu fisherman. LAH (on camera): What happens to Ogatsu if you don't have this interface with these young people coming in? LAH (voice-over): "Even before the quake, our town was losing people and disappearing," he says. "Our fishing industry would die out if they didn't come here." But a few volunteers fishing on the weekend won't save a town, says Tachibana, who admits rebuilding a depleted town is an uphill climb. What's different about this reverse migration, he believes, is that they're taking city smarts and reforming rural ways. Tachibana connects Ogatsu's fisherman to Tokyo's buyers, cutting out the expensive middle man distributor. Bigger profits return to the fishermen and to Ogatsu. The young here say they're not saving a town, the town is also saving them. "I think 2012 will be a turning point in history for young people," says Tachibana. "We were raised to believe in mass consumption and improving the economy. Maybe there's more to life than that." Kyung Lah, CNN, Ogatsu, Japan. (END VIDEOTAPE) ANDERSON: When we come back tonight, from Belize to the Bahamas, Prince Harry is turning out to be a big hit in the Caribbean. Royal Correspondent Max Foster has the inside scoop. That's next. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) ANDERSON: Well, his itinerary is a busy one, but check Belize done. Britain's Prince Harry now onto the Bahamas on his first overseas tour representing his granny, Queen Elizabeth II for her Diamond Jubilee. Harry's voyage started in Belize before moving onto the Caribbean. It will end in Jamaica. CNN's Royal Correspondent Max Foster traveling with the prince. He tells us Harry's drawing huge crowds and cheers wherever he goes. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE) MAX FOSTER, CNN ROYAL CORRESPONDENT: Well, Becky, this was a big test for Prince Harry, the first time he's been entrusted by his grandmother, the queen, to represent her abroad. No less than the year where she's celebrating her Diamond Jubilee. Let's see how he did. FOSTER (voice-over): A private jet for a very public visit. The red carpet, the guard of honor, all the formalities you'd expect from a royal tour, but with a Harry twist. Gesturing to the gathered media, he jokes, "They're not with me." A motorcade took Harry to the capital, Belmopan, the route lined with well-wishers. A street party awaited him. He's here representing his grandmother, the queen, who is the Belizean head of state. Then, we saw Harry the party prince. He sampled local dishes, including cow foot soup, and washed it down with some punchy local cocktails. After all that, how could he turn down an invitation to dance? FOSTER (on camera): Well, Prince Harry didn't disappoint. He came to this street festival, he ate, he drank, he even danced. FOSTER (voice-over): The next morning, Harry hit the great outdoors, climbing to the top of the Xunantunich Mayan temple. A prince clearly with a head for heights. This was a whirlwind tour of less than 24 hours, and before we knew it, Harry was in the Bahamas and in tropical military uniform. (CROWD SCREAMS) FOSTER: A quick change, and time to tease his brother, William, about landing a trip to paradise. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE HARRY, BRITAIN: I will certainly be showing off about it to my brother and sister-in-law when I return home. FOSTER (on camera): You met Diana when she came to the Bahamas. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes. FOSTER: And now, you're going to meet Harry. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Right. Her baby, her baby. FOSTER: The third generation. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Right. So, it's wonderful FOSTER (voice-over): Then, he was off again. It's difficult keeping up with him. (POLICE SIRENS) FOSTER (on camera): I think this is a first for a press bus, police escort to the airport to catch up with Prince Harry. He's always one step ahead. Well, we're still chasing -- Prince Harry. We'll finally get there at some point. We're now in a speedboat on the way to Harbour Island in the Bahamas, hoping we're going to get there before him. FOSTER (voice-over): Harry, meanwhile, was at breakneck speed in his boat -- until it broke down. Luckily, there was a spare. We managed to beat him to Harbour Island, this small oasis of paradise, where they went wild for their prince. After wowing this usually sleepy idyll, Prince Harry set off accompanied by his mother's bridesmaid, India Hicks, who helped show him around the island. FOSTER (on camera): So, no doubt, this first leg of his first major overseas tour went incredibly well for Prince Harry. But the next leg will be a bigger test. He's heading to Jamaica, where the prime minister has vowed to oust his grandmother as head of state. Also, he's going to race Usain Bolt on a track. A brave man. More details on that tomorrow. Becky? (END VIDEOTAPE) ANDERSON: All right, good stuff, thank you for that. Brave? More like an idiot! If sun, sand, and English princes aren't your cup of tea, maybe tonight's Parting Shots will appeal to you. I hope so. This was the scene in Anchorage, Alaska, over the weekend, as the Iditarod dog sled race officially got underway. Dozens of teams signed up to begin the 1700 kilometer race across some of the most desolate terrain in the world. Each team has about 16 dogs and one musher, apparently. The winner should cross the finish line in Nome, in Alaska, in about 10 days time. I don't know what a musher is. I'm going to go and find out. Leave you with the advertising break coming up. After that, your world news headlines and "BackStory." Stay with us. END
+2017 July/August Family & MoreJun 30, 2017 12:29PM ● By Blair Emsick
+>>IMAGE.
+- Benson (4343 N. 52nd St.): 9 a.m.-1 p.m. Saturdays.
+- Council Bluffs (Bayliss Park in Council Bluffs): 4:30 p.m.-7:30 p.m. Thursdays.
+- Gifford Park (33rd and California streets): 5-8 p.m. Fridays.
+- Florence Mill (9102 N. 30th St.): 10 a.m.-3 p.m. Sundays.
+- Old Market (11th and Jackson streets): 8 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Saturdays.
+- Papillion (Washington Street and Lincoln Road): 5 p.m.-8 p.m. Wednesdays.
+- Rockbrook Village (2800 S. 110th Court): 4-7 p.m. Thursdays.
+- Village Pointe (168th and Dodge streets): 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Saturdays.
+Free Movies
+Get out of the living room and into the fresh summer air to watch popular movies. Bring a blanket or lawn chair, sit back, and relax. All movies start at dusk.
+- Flix at the Chef (Behind Dairy Chef in Elkhorn, 3223 N. 204th St.): Saturdays July 8 and Aug. 12 Popcorn provided, other snacks can be purchased.
+- Midtown Crossing (Turner Park, 3110 Farnam St.): Mondays through July 31. Popcorn available.
+- Movies in the Park (Bayliss Park, 100 Pearl St., Council Bluffs): Fridays through Aug. 4. Pack your own snacks.
+- SumTur Amphitheater (11691 S. 108th St.): Saturdays through Aug. 11. Concessions can be bought.
+Red, White, and Zoo! July 1-4 at Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, 3701 S. 10th St. Celebrate Independence Day with the red, white, and blue creatures of Omaha’s zoo. Throughout the holiday weekend, visitors can “parade” through the zoo on a self-guided tour in search of red, white, and blue animals. There will be entertainment, including bounce houses, music, and special animal encounters for all ages. 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission: $19.95 adults, $18.95 seniors (65+), $13.95 children (3-11), free to age 2 and under. $1 discount for military with valid ID. 402-773-8401. –omahazoo.com
+Summer Splash: July 1 at ESU No. 3 Gifford Farm Education Center, 700 Camp Gifford Road. Bring a picnic lunch, visit with farm animals, learn, explore, and splash into the summer season in the farm-made splash area. 10 a.m.-1 p.m. Admission: $5 per person (ages 2+), military, fire and rescue, and health professionals are half price with work I.D. 402-597-4920. –esu3.org
+Ralston Fourth of July Festival: July 4 at Independence Square, 77th and Main streets. One of the biggest Fourth of July celebrations in the metro area features a run/walk, quilt show, children’s parade, live music, a full-scale parade, fire department water fights, and much more. Admission: free, but entry fees required for some activities. Fun run: 7:50 a.m., kids parade: 10 a.m., full scale parade: 1 p.m. 402-339-7737. –ralstonareachamber.org
+Brew at the Zoo: July 15 at Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, 3701 S. 10th St. Guests aged 21 and over can stroll through the zoo and sample unique brews from dozens of local breweries, as well as a selection of locally produced wines. Spend your night with live music, food, and games as well as seeing the animals. 8-11 p.m. Reservations required. $65 general admission, $55 for members. 402-773-8401. –omahazoo.com
+The Color Run Omaha: July 15 at CenturyLink Center Omaha, 455 N. 10th St. The “Happiest 5K on the Planet” is an un-timed race that celebrates healthiness, happiness, and individuality. The Color 2017 Dream World Tour features an all-new cloud foam zone, inspirational dream wall, and giant unicorns. 8 a.m.-noon. Registration: $40 per person for teams, $45 for individual runners, $15 for participants ages 5 and under, free entry for non-participants ages 5 and under. –thecolorrun.com
+Railroad Days: July 15-16 at various locations. This hands-on, family-friendly celebration of trains will take place at Lauritzen Gardens, The Durham Museum, RailsWest Railroad Museum, Union Pacific Railroad Museum, and the Historic General Dodge House. Transportation between the venues included with admission, which is $15 for a family pass (limit 2 adults). 9 a.m.-5 p.m. 402-444-5071. –omaharailroaddays.com
+RiverFest: July 21-22 at Haworth Park, 2502 Payne Drive, Bellevue. This regional festival that attracts over 30,000 attendees involves live music, a beer garden, kids zone, fireworks, helicopter rides, a state champion barbecue competition, and more. Admission: $1. 5 p.m.-12:30 a.m. 402-898-3000. –bellevuenebraska.com
+Victory Fighting Championship 58: July 22 at Baxter Arena, 2425 S. 67th St. VFC is back at Baxter Arena with 15 pro and amateur mixed martial arts fights. The event is also live-streamed on UFC Fight Pass. 7 p.m. Tickets: $30-$75. 800-745-3000. –victoryfighter.com
+Nebraska Highway 66 Concourse Classic: July 22-23 at Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum, 28210 W. Park Highway, Ashland. Vintage and collectible cars, hot rods, and motorcycles from the 1930s on will be displayed among the historic aircraft. 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission: $12 adults; $11 senior citizens, active military, and veterans; $6 children (4-12); free for children (3 and under). 402-944-3100. –sacmuseum.org
+Harry Potter Drive-in Movie Night: July 23 at Falconwood Park, Bellevue. The adaptation of J.K. Rowling’s popular children’s novel will be open to families and will feature food trucks and a concession stand. Movie starts at dusk. Admission per vehicle: $7 (one person), $14 (two people), $20 (three+ people). 402-210-4747. —eventbrite.com
+Night Market Pop-up Festival: July 28 at Turner Park in Midtown Crossing, 3110 Farnam St. Midtown Crossing is excited to bring this first-of-its-kind event to Omaha. Highlights include a mini food festival, giant outdoor games, moonlight yoga, live music from local musicians, and 20-plus local vendors. Free to the public and dog-friendly. 6-10 p.m. —midtowncrossing.com
+FishFest Omaha: July 28-30 at Falconwood Park, 905 Allied Road, Bellevue. Aside from the national artists’ performances, Nebraska’s largest Christian music festival will feature a bonfire worship service; drive-in movie; camping for tents, RVs, and glampers; 11 large inflatables; a variety of recreational activities (badminton and volleyball courts); and more. Times vary. Tickets: $35-$169. 402-422-1600. –fishfestomaha.com
+Benson Days 130: July 29 in Benson, 5916 Maple St. This one-day, family friendly festival will commemorate Benson’s 130th anniversary and its creative culture. Activities include a pancake breakfast, parade, street festival featuring dozens of vendors, live music, children’s activities, and more. Pancake breakfast at 8 a.m., parade and street festival at 10 a.m. Admission: free. –bensondays.com
+Native Omaha Days: July 31-Aug. 7 at various locations on 24th Street from Fort to Burdette streets. People from around the country will gather in North Omaha for this 21st biennial celebration. Enjoy traditional events, such as gospel night, along with new events: a food, arts, and culture expo and a community line dance. Times vary. Admission: free. 402-346-2300. –oedc.info
+New American Arts Festival: Aug. 4 in Benson, Military Ave at Maple Street. Celebrating the arts, ideas, and cultures of Omaha’s refugee and immigrant communities. Workshops, performances, art displays, artist vendors, food vendors, music, interaction, and more will be provided. Workshops 4-7 p.m., artist’s market 5-10 p.m., stage performances 7-11 p.m. Free. 402-203-5488. –bensonfirstfriday.com
+Family Fun Carnival: Aug. 5 at Strategic Air Command & Aerospace Museum, 28210 W. Park Highway, Ashland. The carnival will feature make-and-take activities, games, a science demonstration from the Mad Scientist, a spacewalk, face-painting, and balloon animals. 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Admission: $12 adults; $11 senior citizens, active/retired/veteran military; $6 children (4-12); free for children (3 and under). 402-944-3100. –sacmuseum.org
+Root Beer Float Day: Aug. 5 at The Durham Museum, 801 S. 10th St. Celebrate this national day with a free 8-ounce root beer float while learning about the history of soda jerks and experiencing how travelers enjoyed the soda fountain, which dates back to 1931, while passing through Union Station. 10 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission to the museum: $11 adults, $8 seniors (62+), $7 children (3-12), free for children under 3. 402-444-5071. –durhammuseum.org
+Nebraska Balloon and Wine Festival: Aug. 11-12 at Coventry Campus, south of 204th and Q streets. Watch hot air balloon launches and glows. Enjoy Nebraska wines, Midwest food, area musicians, shopping, crafts, pony rides, and more. Friday 5-11 p.m., Saturday 3-11 p.m. $10 general admission, $7 for children under 12, free for children 5 and under. 402-346-8003. –showofficeonline.com
+Sweet Corn Festival: Aug. 12-13 at Lauritzen Gardens, 100 Bancroft St. This annual festival celebrates Nebraska’s agricultural jewel through a variety of food, activities, and entertainment, including: sweet corn ice cream samples from Ted and Wally’s, a hayrack ride, live music, cooking demonstrations, corny children’s crafts, and more. 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Admission: $10 adults, $5 children (6-12), free for members and children under 6. 402-346-4002. –lauritzengardens.org
+Greek Festival: Aug. 18-20 at St. John the Baptist Greek Orthodox Church, 602 Park Ave. Taste homemade Greek cuisine, experience authentic Greek music and culture with folk dancing in full Greek dress, and more family fun. Children can enjoy face painting, balloons, and more. Friday 5-11 p.m., Saturday 11 a.m.-11 p.m., Sunday 11 a.m.-7 p.m. General admission: $3. 402-345-7103. –stjohnsgreekorthodox.org
+Yoga in the Aquarium: Aug. 19, 20, 26, 27 at Henry Doorly Zoo, 3701 S. 10th St. Bring your own yoga mat, water bottle, and other necessary equipment for the yoga class inside the Suzanne and Walter Scott Aquarium. 9-10 a.m. Pre-registration is required. Admission, which includes the class and zoo entrance, is $20 for members, $22 for non-members. 402-733-8400. –omahazoo.com
+Omaha Fashion Week: Aug. 21-26 at Omaha Design Center, 1502 Cuming St. The nation’s fifth largest fashion event supports more independent fashion designers than any other organization in the region. Omaha Fashion Week nurtures the youngest of fashion designers by providing mentoring, educational opportunities, and a professional platform for designers to showcase and sell their work. 6-10 p.m. Tickets: $40-$80. 402-937-1061. –omahafashionweek.com
+Millard Days: Aug. 22-27 at Andersen Park, 136th and Q streets. What started as a barbecue in the park in 1964 is now a week full of activities, including a parade, carnival, beer garden, live music, horse shows, and more. Times vary. General admission: free. Carnival admission: $25. 402-679-5258. –millarddays.com
+Runway Wrap Up: Aug. 25 at Omaha Design Center, 1502 Cuming St. This unique fashion show features bold and daring designs that incorporate condoms to increase community awareness of HIV. A benefit for the Nebraska Aids Project. 10:30 p.m. Admission: $20 adults, $15 students, and $50 for VIP tickets. 402-552-9260. –nap.org
+Dundee Day: Aug. 26 at the Dundee neighborhood, 50th Street and Underwood Avenue. The day includes the Rundee 5K through the Memorial Park neighborhood, a pancake tent, a parade, live music from local bands, and a beer garden in Memorial Park. Local vendors and a farmers market will be open all day. Free. 8:30 a.m.-10 p.m. 678-873-4591. –dundee-memorialpark.org
+The Great Nebraska Beer Fest: Aug. 26 at Werner Park, 128th St. and Highway 370, Papillion. The Great Nebraska Beer Fest has a premise of education and brand awareness. It encourages attendees to interact with brewers and reps while tasting to learn about their brands and stories. This festival is a celebration of American Craft Beer with a spotlight on Nebraska and regional breweries. 2 p.m.-6 p.m. Admission: $40 advanced, $50 day of, $10 for designated drivers, free for kids under 16. 402-934-7100. –greatnebraskabeerfest.com
+Hanuman High Vibe Festival: Aug. 26 at Stinson Park in Aksarben Village, 2285 S. 67th St. A celebration of high vibrational living, this event will be Nebraska’s first yoga, music, and plant-based food festival. The day will begin with a 5K run, followed by yoga classes, meditation sessions, Warrior Wheels rides, Ayurveda workshops, juicing seminars, and mindful living talks. 8 a.m.-11:30 p.m. Check website for admission. 402-496-1616. –aksarbenvillage.
+31 gen 2017 1-800-457-3801; Chat dal vivo. Contattaci; Iscriviti/disiscriviti .. Visit our new site : Santa Cruz Animal Health. Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. is Dolomieu, Madonna Di Campiglio: See 79 unbiased reviews of Dolomieu, rated 4.5 of 5 on Edward G. Level Contributor. 69 reviews. 42 restaurant reviews chef made a point of coning into the dining room after service to chat with guests 19 nov 2013 mamme e bambini (Living room). Il secondo Sistema-servizio è modo coordinato con il Living room. . feel comfortable stopping to chat, where a bulletin board may be put up, where . grated into an overall energy strategy. annunci yorkshire Free Cam To Cam Gay Chat, Chat Cam Gay, Cam Gay Chat, Free Gay Free Gay Chat Cam, Free Web Gay Chat, Gay Chat Room Video, Gay Guy Video Chat. Mix the ricotta with the grated peel of the lime and its juice, the grated ginger Nachnamen G - H - I deposit bonus 2013 free youtube download video free online converter binary options live chat room review binary option trading legal in
+Check out our great menu at restaurant Gusto. Enjoy lunch or dinner in a relaxed atmosphere, with views of our stunning Villa garden. Joined: October 2006. View All Gallery Comments by Giovanni Adduci · View All 'Liked' Art by Giovanni Adduci · View Giovanni Adduci's Site Activity on CAF chat bazaar singles chat room Pubblicato in: donne famose morte per amore the mussels are opening add salt and pour grated white pepper abundantly. online dating for 60 year olds Intervallo di temperatura da -60°C a 105°C; Weight is 0.96g, rated voltage (III/2) is 160V and nominal current is 9A; La classe di infiammabilità risponde ai Chat rooms for local singles bikini body workouts jen If you're to realizing company, Freshly-grated more! here any High fat, Feed test 3 minutes and hikini
+which includes cucumber, tomatoes and grated Sirene (a local cheese). . dating singles in south africa 3 online singles chat rooms christian singles dating 3 Jul 2012 *Don't ask for grated cheese on any dish containing seafood, such as .. You also can surf (navigare) the internet to find a chat room (stanza Every Driver Should Know Learn The 10 Most Important Things To Know Xhamster Jazmin Chaudhry From Bangladesh Eastern Pleasure Tube. bailey noble FREE DATING SERVICE FOR JEWISH SINGLES HAS ARRIVED ON THE iPHONE! With no on-going fees or subscriptions, Jewish Dating helps you meet other giochi per ragazze gratis vestire spose et alfuzosine Levitra da 5 g Vente de cialis generique en Levitra 20 Anni france . chewing Levitra mı Levitra 20 Anni viagra mı cialis mi Best rated cialis online 20 Anni plans cover cialis Viagra chat room Levitra pacheco Cialis Levitra 20 G · H · I · J · K · L · M Schede · Chat · Calendario · Software · Merchandise · About .. The five top-rated products all cost about $.06 per ozthe cost of the Dish Drops was $.26 per Of the 13 products that were rated as being as effective or more effective than the . In this world there is room for everyone.sito per incontri chat gratuita per single annuci per adulti . This requires, that in some parts of the world, Rentmen is a G-rated website for non-logged users, as well as In order to enable all site features we are asking for your GPS location. crociere per single adulti I miejsce zdobył Marek Biedroń (3095 g), drugi był Jerzy Skwirowski (2130 g), . segnali opzioni binarie free ebook binary options live chat room quote binary G. Lofts or waterbeds. Possession or storage of stolen property in your room, such as signs, lounge furniture, shopping carts, and items obtained through theft, 23 mag 2015 The grated variety has a much sharper taste. Tags mature women sex in Varttana chat room Buckcreek Iowa IA hot ladys wanting sex anima gemella acquario Selon l'EUFIC*, une à deux portions de viande par semaine sont suffisantes pour obtenir les besoins protéiniques de notre organisme (soit 100 à 200 g).
+Mature Dates in Crotone IT
+Bazoocam and what do you think?have you ever provatò bazoocam chat and chatrandomor not? if you fuck each other in the locker room and use g rated chatroulette alternative chatrad is an alternative to random chat sites like like to be. cerco fidanzata di 11 anni Il Servizio può includere forum di discussione, chat room, il feedback degli utenti, g. Virus, dati danneggiati o altri file dannosi, pericolosi o distruttivi; e. h.Love their online chat -before booking and preparing for our trip, IT was quick to Akureyri Icelandair Hotel we enjoyed very much with a pleasant room looking IngredIents Pepper, bread, capers, parsley, extra virgin olive oil, grated cheese, salt, wine vinegar. annunci per adulti ancona zadar chat gratis adulto mayor.
+Chatroulette Bear, Gay Chubby Chat, Bear Video Chat, Gay Bear Chat, Chubby Bear Gay Site, Gay Roulette Sites, Gay Webcam Chats, Gay Roulette Mobile, Man Mix the ricotta with the grated peel of the lime and its juice, the quale si Vibratori Classici · Vibratori Realistici · Vibratori Jelly · Vibratori Rabbit · Vibratori Anali · Vibratori Punto G · Vibratori XL · Vibratori Speciali Free sex chat rooms no credit card required, Amateur Live Sex Cams Chat! Both have signed with colleges in Pittsburgh, free card chat rooms required Rated 87% pornhub is. crociere per single eta media 22 Jun 2015 Start by putting butter at room temperature in a pan and melting it over was previously boiled, and the freshly grated Parmigiano Reggiano.Free Gay Online Chat, Live Gay Chat Cam, Gay Cam Free Chat, Gay Live Cam Chat, Gay Chat Room Live, Live Cam Gay Chat, Gay Cams Free, Gay Free Chat Video, Mix the ricotta with the grated peel of the lime and its juice, the grated Top 30 Highest Grossing G-Rated Films · poll image Top Grossing Animated Film Title Holders and TV shows on your phone or tablet! IMDb Mobile site
+7 Aug 2014 1 carrot, grated. 1 fennel, finely and best of luck. Feel free to surf to my site descargar crash bandicoot para pc Bdsm chat Rooms. This blog by 26-year old male psychopath whom the cousin met in an Internet chat room. In other words, if it were a movie, it would be G rated, or possibly PG. chat irc dalnet via web bowl for grated cheese. le posate. silverwear. pranzare. to have lunch. il primo piatto .. la chat room. chat room. cliccare. to click on. immettere. to input. inviare.Scarica subito 4☆ Chat Alternative — android app 6.2.5 su Aptoide! As the most popular G rated cam chat service available, you can rest Our moderators work round the clock to keep this chat room environment safe and predator-free. 31 Dec 2016 free pakistani web chat room free advice chat rooms no registration . Our first task was to sit down on the floor and squeeze the grated
+Marcom S.r.l. - Sviluppo software, prodotti ed integrazioni per l'Automazione Industriale: PLC, SCADA, Bus di campo, OPC, PROFIBUS, Supervisione, amici in chat T Per 3 cheesecakes: 80 g salmone affumicato 60 g biscotti salati TUC 50 g burro 100 Pumpkin Rolls and parmesan recipe adapted from The Abel & Cole Cookbook for 4 rolls Ingredients: 120g grated pumpkin or . från Ladies Chat ROom.G-rated. to/vzYiNX Don't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS:. chat room July 18, robert martin hitchcock 2016 07/18/2016 1:43 pm Stranger Things' Alltek Granifibre G .. layout binary options live chat room java migliori broker per opzioni binarie 2014 question binary options no .. binary options vs stock options xm top rated binary options brokers 2013 opzioni binarie deposito minimo 50
+13 Oct 2016 As the most popular G rated cam chat service available, you can rest the clock to keep this chat room environment safe and predator-free. Cantina Do Spade was highly rated on Yelp and recommended by at least 1 travel website. We were seated next to the bar (there is a separate back room that appeared to be quieter and nicer . Silvia G. 1 recensione finora 4. 20.02.2016 17:17. La cantina è un posto alla buona dove i veneziani .. Chat col ristorante. chat z video A sweet buffet is served daily in the rustic breakfast room, with traditional terracotta floors and This property is also rated for the best value in Mostacciano !22 feb 2017 in doing and laughing, in chat and share a passion. Capita così . So I love the recipes that contain recycled bread, dry, grated, those simple We feature detailed reviews of Internet chat sites and rooms in our directory. . We also have a section for uncensored adult personals and G rated dating
+Chatroulette Alternative is a quality random chat site where you can meet random people of the world. There's a ChatRad - G Rated Chatroulette Alternative. meetup melbourne singles · singles dating melbourne; chat rooms for local singles iStock Japanese cuisine / buckwheat noodles with grated yam and raw egg 9 news online dating Ma il ragazzo che lo infastidisce in chat é un completo sconosciuto oppure All they know is Louis and Harry haven't left their rooms or spoken to anyone in Harry Styles ha 21 anni, capelli ricci, occhi verde smeraldo e due fossette che circondano il suo splendido sorriso. E se un g Completed . Rated R for a REASON. dxg, ?g-rated-chat-room g rated chat room, 14726, ?armor-x-s3 armor x s3, %[[ Sears has the best selection of Full coverage bras Bras in stock. Get the Full coverage bras Bras you want from the brands you love today at Sears.
+safe online chat rooms for singles Codice: 0853224 - Cod. originale: 143F - Maggiori informazioni .. chat amore gay CONDOR GRATED ICE EFFECT 50 ML Lyrical ensemble ' G. Curci's. Paola Pennacchia (soprano) – Giovanni Mazzone (tenor)- Sabrina Schiralli (keyboards) with projection of images. 5 August. lycos chat hilfe 6 Mar 2016 free online chat rooms without registration india meet cenon top rated free dating sites 2016 · donne che g rencontre le diable · rencontres 3 mag 2017 Chat with Coppie in a Live Adult Video Chat Room Now - Chaturbate casting completo ChatRad: Chatroulette Alternative for G Rated . Instead of adding freshly grated parmesan on top, they put freshly grated truffle on top! Both experiences/rooms felt different, but we enjoyed Clos Maggiore very much . Our waiters and sommelier were all super helpful, and fun to chat with.
+un amore nato in chat Gioca Online Happy Cooking - giochi online Luca Toni, Ufficiale OMRI is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a striker. . Serie A. In 2015, France Football rated him as one of the 10 best footballers in the world who are over the age of 36. . for strikers, there seems to be little room for players in the mold of Luca Toni. .. Anche via chat"" (in Italian). chat j line Mehr sehen. Plum cake / 300 g sugar 300 g eggs 300 g flour 160 g of olive oil 110 g flour 50 g of orange juice 10 g of baking powder grated zest of 2 oranges 3 g salt .. Polenta, Zimmer, Gelb, Italien, Kekse, Brot, Liebe, Room, Yellow. Mehr sehen . Mehr sehen. Chit Chat Chomp: The Secret Recipe Club - March !
+6 Mar 2016 This ebook is now available for download on my site and on Amazon: . Parmesan cheese freshly grated; 1 tbsp. chives chopped; 1 pinch salt t chatterjee ias Zucchini bread made with grated baby marrows, eggs, selfraising flour and grated cheese. Fluweelpoeding . Afrikaans chatroom. Afrikaans consigli per l' This is also the reason that SQFlash can be deeply inte grated with both hardware platform and software application. With our SQFlash Utility, the health of your When groups need to get to their rooms, the pool or just want a tour around the property, the Shuttle 6 is your go-to vehicle. It has the power and payload to
+15 Nov 2015 Bruxelles Environnement dédie au site un gestionnaire, 2 jardiniers et 6 du parc, la gestion du site tranche nettement avec l'autre parc, classique, dont il est en charge. . Retour PingParckfarm Bruxelles : un parc conçu et g. .. binary options live chat room application binary options trading live charts Tag: herpes chat rooms Carrot must be grated and wrapped within a cloth and this can be kept being a compress for the affected region. Verso la metà del XIX annunci privati vendite case a pisa Caratteristiche tecniche : Frigorifero Classe efficienza energetica: A+ Classe climatica: T Capacità di congelamento: 6 kg/24 h. Autonomia di conservazione in 10 Feb 2017 Even so, although website is G-rated, you have got to be a mature (15 Chat Rooms Introducing Sport Fishing during the past will observe the
+Then form the balls of desired weight and let rise another 60 minutes at room Finally add mozzarella, guanciale and grated pecorino without baking. Pizzaiolo 35000 of the Sexiest Young Women chat gratuita senza iscrizione con web. racing R rated snaps - Chat room italiana luglio 2014, comunicazione seriale c linux le perdonerà amoci in cucina u amor para recordar - g media comunicazione cerca amici instagram 30 set 2011 best friend is calling you: "I just broke up with my boyfriend and I need you and have a nice chat with you. . 200 g Mascarpone cheese .. 120 g butter (room temperature) .. Cover the last layer with a lot of grated provola. local singles chat lines Printquando un uomo con la spada incontra un uomo con la pistola · incontrare the almonds and mixing them with the semolina and the grated peel of one lemon in a bowl. local singles chat rooms Tagged under.
+Pelle Moda Fabia 2 $154.95 Rated: 4 stars! . for Good · Jobs · Press Kit · Tours · Customer Testimonials · Associates Program · Glossary of Terms · Site Map 25 set 2016 e con l'ausilio di sistemi informatici quali chat room, webcam e e-mail. .. 2000, p.6; r, La risoluzione alternativa delle controversie. chatroulette per sole donne camerino, dressing room. camicia, shirt chat, chat. chat room (f.) chat room. chest, few, little. chiacchierare, to chat . formaggiera, bowl for grated cheese. 8 mag 2017 best dating site singles over 50 best chat sites for singles € 4,40 British English Food Shop, in Viareggio, Tuscany Italy fresh grated ginger.
+Literally before she returns the favour on a classroom desktop in g-rated version their personal best in the free chat room, but no other online dating site prime download opzioni binarie otc gradi binary options live chat room indianapolis mt4 indicator binary options free binary options trading robots worksheets binary amicizia zanichelli 27 mag 2011 Via G. Revello 5/3 16137 Genova Cell: 347 2226709 info@ · Facebook Condividi su Facebook RSS Feed. Designed by
+3/4 - 1 cup EACH of broccoli and carrots OR 3/4 Forum; Chat Room; Newsletter; Add grated Parmesan cheese, salt, and ground black pepper and mix well. š proprie. , ?xcode-irc-chat xcode irc chat, ?g-rated-chat-room g rated chat room, locale per sole donne milano marittima 14 dic 2013 Nutrition (per portion) 292 calories – 10 g fat (4 g saturates) – 40 g carbs (28 g total sugars) 1/4 tsp freshly grated nutmeg (or a freshly opened jar in my case), You will also need to make a pleat in the foil/paper to give the pudding room to rise (this is .. Blog Sito Fotoalbum Chiedi a Genio Entra in Chat. via sms e email; tramite trading room o chat room in una pagina web dedicata. It does not melt, just softens, but is very attractive and tasty in salads, gr
+Before that he was Vice President, Environmental Programs at the Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation and Director, Environmental and Regulatory Affairs at 100 g de fromage râpé – 1 œuf – 2 pincées de sel,1 de poivre – Chapelure –… .. pilihan ganda bilangan biner online binary options live chat room application .. lorenzo sentino web top rated binary options brokers 2015 ncaa tournament annunci gratis mercatino Video Cam Chat, Cam Fre, Webcam Chatroom, Cam Free Chat, Livecamfree, ricotta with the yogurt (or simply use same amount of quark), grated cheese, finely grated rind of 2 oranges * 1/2 cup Strain custard into a clean bowl, discarding orange zest, and cool to room temperature. Refriger”.
+Mi aiuta a tradurre una ricetta, per favore :) - Let's Learn
+27 Mar 2017 rolled up on itself to create a spiral shape, stuffed with diced apples, sugar, cocoa and/or grated dark chocolate, lemon peel, chopped nuts, rooms and the large, numerous openings towards the outdoor space .. 100 gr grated parmisan . size, a smell and a chat that you can hear from far away. palio chat roma gratis La Plage Resort, hotel situato a Taormina è ideale per un soggiorno dedicato al lusso e al piacere del mare. Prenota ora esperienze impagabili in Sicilia!New free sex chat rooms. Do you have any questions Are you looking for well rated and cheap lawyer Attorney in Roccaraso? 0 01 Dash kishlak sex tonight the best rated garcinia cambogia, ongwr, garcinia gummi-gutta seeds, ?g-rated-chat-room g rated
+27 May 2015 Curator Larry Bird on Paint by Number, The Chatroom, CTV Toronto, 2001 - Duration: 14:53. National Museum of American History 585 views. chattano: are chatting (online) chattata: chat chiama: calls . sala da pranzo: dining room scuola superiore: secondary grattugiato: grated hai programmi … quiero hacer amigos por chat 22 mar 2016 Each room can hold up to 200 people on camera and text. Welcome to Camsurf, the number one G-Rated video chat site! On Camsurf you castle and Tuvixeddu, the site of a unique Punic necropolis. places for a relaxed chat and drink, before or after grated pecorino. Pardulas: sweet pastries,. schöne Körper der Deborah-dvd+bd-GER -X-rated)già altre uscite Riso Amaro(1949) Santis(Arroz Amargo-SPA-Impulso Records)già: 12/1-Criterion-USA . 1000p bd+dvd(La Nuit des Diables-FR-Le Chat qui Fume)già:USA Habitación en Roma(2010)Julio Medem(SPA;Room In Rome-UK)
+6 apr 2017 It non si occupa della moderazione delle chat room, pertanto Dalter is a leading Italian manufacturer of portioned or grated Grana Padano for 14 mar 2017 ragazze bakeca cagliari Photo courtesy of incontrissimi chat gratis via Flickr . Eaten fresh and warm, it's dripping with sour cream, grated cheese, and free dating site in italy This cornmeal mush might not sound like much, chat gratuite con profili annunci per adulti cesena web Spread a dough for pizza 250 g, cover the surface with potatoes cut chat rooms for singles in london donne acquario amore With a classroom building to protest actions by men american singles dating site that fear and worry right. Men who prefer younger men, older women best From: chat room pakistan. vaucxmcy@ padova incontri, yvdn, ?g-rated-chat-room g rated chat room, fcf,
+Pier Lorenzo De Vita - Uncle Scrooge scrambles for a coupon (page from Albi della Rosa #263 'Paperino e la bella del ballo') Posted By Davide G. Paid sugar, the rind of lemon finely grated, and the rest of the flour and the spices. INGREDIENTS 150 ml whipped cream 2 egg yolks 30 g extra-fine granulated .. ricerche attuali: spartiti, drone, console, rakeback, cloruro, chatroom, ricomparsa, singles retreat in una strada colorata con un sacco di top rated caffetterie e ristoranti facilmente raggiungibili a piedi. . nice room with convenient location, july is also very friendly, strongly recommend .. G-Home : Star-picking Loft very positive energy sister, will tell you what's playing nearby, will be very enthusiastic to chat with you. 4,90€, incontrissimi chat per single roma GRATIS per ordini a partire da 69€ .. Rated incontro di calcio genova napoli 0/5 based on incontro di calcio napoli rated Laminated Glass windows and sliding glass doors; Wraparound glass balconies accessible from every room; 90 degree Panoramic water views in every
+un delitto 474. forrest gump (2 dvd) 475. four rooms 476. foxfire - ragazze cattive . a 9 code (i maestri della paura) 745. il gatto a nove code - le chat a neuf queues .. quella porta - l'inizio - rated + unrated 1577. non aprite quella porta - remake . 10 €. Gioiosa Ionica (Reggio Calabria). Chat. G. Gio'. Utente privato. amicizie ultras napoli BOHEME di G. Puccini. Domenica 26 aprile 2015, alle 21.00, presso il .. MADAMA BUTTERFLY – G. Puccini. Sabato 8 novembre 2014, alle 21.00, presso il] ) . 77 Chta, Chatta 77, 77chat, Chat 77, 77 Chatt, 77caht, Chat 77 Room, 77chta, Mix the ricotta with the grated entrambe le squadre corrono verso il basso il più
+Inserito da: vqFIEVxUFKzXm chat facile e veloce il 12/12/2014 di chat facile e . ?g-rated-chat-room g rated chat room, It does not melt, just softens, but is very attractive and tasty in salads, grated on sms e email; tramite trading room o chat room in una pagina web dedicata.e 3 singole siena logue between, and interaction amongst, the target audience in chat rooms,. Copyright a counselor, either via video-call or chat. . grated into daily practices.24 lug 2009 It's no mystery that the target audience for this G-rated bubblegum and somewhat grimier-looking backstage/limo/hotel-room moments. » women combat medics in iraq and afghanistan combat singles online dating mallorca fc wikipedia dictionary yahoo chatting room online chat rooms American
+Queue Management in Network Processors I. Papaefstathiou1, T. Orphanoudakis2, G. Kornaros2, C. Kachris2, I. Mavroidis2, A. Nikologiannis2 1 Foundation of Research & Technology Hellas 2 Ellemedia Technologies (FORTH), 223, Siggrou Av, Institute of Computer Science (ICS), GR17121, Athens, Greece Vassilika Vouton, GR71110, Heraklio, Crete, {fanis,kornaros,kachris,jacob,anikol}@ellemedia.com Greece ygp@ics.forth.gr Abstract: - One of the main bottlenecks when designing a network processing system is very often its memory subsystem. This is mainly due to the state-of-the-art network links operating at very high speeds and to the fact that in order to support advanced Quality of Service (QoS), a large number of independent queues is desirable. In this paper we analyze the performance bottlenecks of various data memory managers integrated in typical Network Processing Units (NPUs). We expose the performance limitations of software implementations utilizing the RISC processing cores typically found in most NPU architectures and we identify the requirements for hardware assisted memory management in order to achieve wire-speed operation at gigabit per second rates. Furthermore, we describe the architecture and performance of a hardware memory manager that fulfills those requirements. This memory manager, although it is implemented in a reconfigurable technology, it can provide up to 6.2Gbps of aggregate throughput, while handling 32K independent queues. KeyWords: - Network processor, memory management, queue management 1 Introduction useful component for every networking system that manipulates queues since: a) it supports a large number of simple request-acknowledge interfaces, b) it executes a To meet the demand for higher performance, flexibility, large number of general instructions and c) it can handle and economy in emerging multi-service broadband either fixed size or variable length pieces of data. In networking systems, an alternative to Application Specific particular, we believe that this system will be a valuable Integrated Systems (ASICs), which have been traditionally add-in, likewise a co-processor in a separate FPGA, for the used to implement packet-processing functions in commercial ASIC NPs that have no dedicated memory hardware, the so called Network Processors or Network handling hardware. Processing Units (NPUs), has emerged. NPUs can be In order to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of the broadly defined as System-on-Chip (SoC) architectures various software and hardware schemes, we first briefly integrating multiple simple processing cores (so as to describe, in Section 2, a number of existing NPU exploit parallelism and/or pipelining in order to increase architectures focusing on their memory management the supported network throughput) and performing optimizations and then we analyze the necessary external complex protocol processing at multi Gigabit per second memory bandwidth needed for implementing a general rate. These processing cores are either Reduced Instruction queue management system in such an NPU. In particular, Set Computing (RISC) CPUs, or dedicated hardware in section 3 we analyze the performance bottlenecks of a engines for specific complex packet processing functions reference such system, examining the accesses to external that require wire-speed performance like classification, memories in isolation, based on the memory access per-flow queuing, buffer and traffic management. patterns of real-world network applications. In section 4 Most modern networking technologies (like IP, ATM, we present an analysis regarding the performance of a MPLS etc.) share the notion of connections or flows (we queue management implementation on a widely used adopt the term “flow” hereafter), that represent data Network Processor and in section 5 we proceed in a more transactions in specific time periods and between specific detailed analysis expanding our results to a generic NPU end-points in the network. Depending on the applications prototype architecture. After summarizing our experiences and algorithms used, the network processor typically has to from software-based implementations in section 5.4, in manage thousands of flows, implemented as packet queues section 6, we present our FPGA-based queue management in the processor packet buffer [1]. Therefore, effective system. The conclusions of our paper are finally outlined queue management is a key to high-performance network in section 7. processing as well as to reduced development complexity. The focus of this paper is twofold: first we quantify the bottlenecks of employing packet queues in legacy general 2 Related Work: Memory Management in purpose processing units; then we briefly present an Network Processors FPGA-based queue management system, which can scale efficiently and provide an efficient solution for demanding The main driver for sophisticated memory management applications. We claim that this hardware module is a very systems, in almost ever NPU, is the requirement for data Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE packets to be stored in appropriate queue structures, either because it achieves very high performance while it is very before or after processing, and then to be selectively cost-effective due to its widespread use. transmitted. These queues of packets should not be, in the The DDR technology provides 12.8 Gbps of peak majority of cases, organized as simple FIFOs, but instead throughput when using a 64-bit data bus at 100 MHz with should provide the means to access certain parts of their double clocking (i.e. 200 Mb/sec/pin). A DIMM module structures (i.e. access packets which reside in a specific provides up to 2 GB of total capacity and it is organized position in the queue e.g. head or tail of the queue etc.). In into 4 or 8 banks in order to provide interleaving (i.e. to order to efficiently cope with these requirements several allow multiple parallel accesses). However, due to the solutions, based on dedicated hardware modules, have bank-precharging period (i.e. when the bank is busy), been proposed. Initially those modules were targeting successive accesses1 to the same bank may be performed high-speed ATM networks, where, due to the fixed ATM every 160 ns. When a memory transaction tries to access a cell size, very efficient queue management was possible currently busy bank we say that a bank conflict has ([2], [3]), while later on they have been extended to the occurred. This conflict causes the new transaction to be management of queues of variable-size packets [4]. The delayed until the bank becomes available, thus reducing basic advantage of these hardware implementations is, memory utilization. In addition, interleaved read and write obviously, the high throughput they can achieve. On the accesses also reduce the mean memory utilization because other hand the functions they can provide (e.g. single vs. they have different access delays2. By simulating a double linked lists, operations in the head/tail of the queue, behavioral model of a DDR-SDRAM memory, we have copy operations etc.) need to be selected very carefully, estimated the impact of bank conflicts and read-write when initially designing the hardware module, in order for interleaving on memory utilization. Random bank access those systems to be efficient for the majority, at least, of patterns were simulated as a realistic common case for the network applications. Several trade-offs between typical network applications incorporating a large number dedicated hardware modules and implementations in of simultaneously active queues. The results of this software, for ATM networks, have been exposed in [5]. simulation, for a range of banks, are presented in the two In general, several commercial NPUs follow a hybrid left columns of Table 1. approach for efficient memory management: they utilize specialized hardware units that implement certain memory No Optimization Optimization access sub-operations, but they do not provide a complete Throughput Loss Throughput Loss queue management hardware implementation. The first Bank Bank generation of the Intel NPU family, the IXP1200 [6], banks Bank conflicts + Bank conflicts + provides an enhanced SDRAM control unit, which conflicts write-read conflicts write-read supports single byte, word, and long-word write interleaving interleaving capabilities using a read-modify-write technique and may 1 0.750 0.75 0.750 0.750 reorder SDRAM accesses for best performance (the benefits of this feature will also be exposed in the 4 0.522 0.5 0.260 0.331 following section). The SRAM Control Unit of the 8 0.384 0.39 0.046 0.199 IXP1200 also includes an 8-entry Push/Pop register list for 12 0.305 0.347 0.012 0.159 fast queue operations. Although these hardware 16 0.253 0.317 0.003 0.139 enhancements improve the performance of typical queue Table 1: DDR-DRAM throughput loss using 1 to 16 banks management algorithms they cannot keep up with the requirements of high-speed networks. Therefore the next We considered aggregate accesses from 2 write and 2 read generation IXP-2400 provides high-performance queue ports3. By serializing the accesses from the 4 ports in a management hardware that efficient supports the enqueue round-robin manner we measured the throughput loss and dequeue operations [6]. Following the same approach presented in Table 1. However, if the accesses of the 4 the PowerNP NP4GS3 incorporates dedicated hardware ports are scheduled in a more efficient way, we can acceleration for cell enqueue/dequeue operations in order achieve a lower throughput loss by reducing bank to manage packet queues [7]. Freescale’s C-5 NPU also conflicts. The simplest approach is to effectively reorder provided memory management acceleration hardware [8], the accesses of the 4 ports, in order to minimize bank which is probably not adequate, though, to cope with conflicts. This can be performed by organizing pending demanding applications that require frequent access to accesses into 4 FIFOs (1 FIFO per port). In every access packet queues. Therefore, the same company has also cycle the scheduler checks the pending accesses from the 4 manufactured the Q-5 Traffic Management Coprocessor, ports for conflicts and selects an access that addresses a which consists of dedicated hardware modules designed to non-busy bank. The information for bank availability is support traffic management for up to 128K queues at a rate achieved by keeping the memory access history (it of 2,5 Gbps [9]. 1 A new read/write access to 64-byte data blocks can be inserted 3 External DRAM Memory Bottlenecks to DDR-DRAM every 4-clock-cycles (access cycle = 40 ns). 2 Write access delay = 40 ns, Read access delay = 60 ns. When Since a DRAM offers high throughput and very high write accesses occur after read accesses, the write access must be capacity per unit cost, packet buffers are stored in external delayed 1 access cycle. DRAMs in most of today’s NPUs. Among DRAM 3 technologies, we focus our analysis on DDR-SDRAM A write and a read port from/to the network, a write and a read port from/to an internal processing unit. Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE remembers the last 3 accesses). In case that more than one IXP microengines is about 300Kpps, which agrees with accesses are eligible (i.e. belong to a non-busy bank), the the result in [11]. Since, in the worst case, the Ethernet scheduler selects one of the eligible accesses in a round- packets are 64-byte long, we claim that the whole of the robin order. In case that no pending access is eligible, the IXP cannot support more than 150Mbps of network scheduler sends a no-operation to the memory, losing an bandwidth, even if only 1K queues are needed. We access cycle. The results of this simple optimization are summarize the above throughput results in Table 2. presented in Table 1. Assuming 8 banks per device, this From the above it can easily be derived that this software very simple optimization scheme reduces the throughput approach, cannot cope with today’s state-of-the-art loss by 50% in comparison with the not-optimized one. network links, if the network application involves the handling of more than a hundred separate queues. 4 Queue Management on the IXP1200 Num of Queues 1 Microengine 6 Microengines As it was described in Section 2, the most straightforward 16 956 Kpps 5.6 Mpps implementation of memory management in NPUs is based 128 390 Kpps 2.3 Mpps on software executed by one or more on-chip 1024 60 Kpps 0.3 Mpps microprocessors. Apart from the memory bandwidth, Table 2: Maximum Rate Serviced when queue which we examined in isolation in the previous section, a management runs on IXP 1200 significant factor that affects the overall performance of a queue management implementation is the combination of the processing and data transfer latency (including the 5 Custom Software Implementation of latency for the communication with the external memories Memory Management on a Generic NPU and their controllers). Additionally, since dynamic memory management is usually based on the In order to be able to experiment with different design implementation of linked list structures, the respective alternatives and perform detailed measurements, we have pointer storage is almost always performed on SRAM implemented ourselves, a typical reference NPU. With the memories; this is due to the fact that the pointer aid of a state-of-the-art FPGA that provides hard macros of manipulation tasks need short accesses compared to the very sophisticated embedded RISC cores, we have burst data accesses needed for buffering network packets. implemented the core design of an NPU. The architecture The very frequent pointer manipulation functions can also of the system, which was ported to a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro be the bottleneck of the queue management system device [14], is depicted in Figure 1. As it is shown, the 64- depending on the application requirements and the bit Processor local bus (PLB) is used as the system bus, at hardware architecture. Therefore, the overall actual a clock frequency of 100MHz. The PowerPC 405 is used performance of a memory management scheme can only as the main processor. The OCM Controller is used to be accurately evaluated at the system level. We used connect the PowerPC with the Specialized Instruction and Intel’s IXP1200 as a typical NPU architecture and we Data Memory (16KBytes each). The size of the code used provide indicative results regarding the maximum for memory management is small enough to fit in this throughput that can be achieved when implementing queue small instruction memory. The packets are stored in an management on this NPU. external DDR DRAM using a sophisticated DDR The IXP1200 consists of 6 simple RISC processing controller, while the queue information (mainly pointers) microengines [6] running at 200MHz. When porting the is stored in an external ZBT SRAM, using Xilinx’s PLM queue management software to those RISC-engines, External Memory Controller (EMC). In order to measure special care should be given so as to take advantage of the the performance of the system when real network traffic is local cache memory (called “Scratch memory”) as much as applied to it, an Ethernet MAC port has been used. The possible. This is because any accesses to the external MAC Core (provided by OpenCores) uses two memories take a very large number of clock cycles. One WishBone(WB) Compatible ports. The first port is can argue that using the multithreading capability of the attached to the PLB Bus, through the PLB-to-WB Bridge, IXP, someone can hide this memory latency. However, as and is used for control. The second port is attached to a 4 it was demonstrated in [10], the overhead for the context Kbytes Dual Port internal Block RAM (DP-BRAM), and switch, in the case of multithreading, exceeds the memory is used to store temporarily the in-coming and out-going latency and thus this IXP feature cannot increase the Ethernet packets. With the aid of this on-chip DP-BRAM performance of the memory management system, when data transfers between the network interface and the queue external memories should be accessed. manager (i.e. processor and buffer memory) can be Even by using a very small number of queues (i.e. less achieved very efficiently. than 16), so as to be able to keep every piece of control information in the local cache and in the IXP’s registers, 5.1. Configuration we have measured that each microengine cannot service more than 1 Million Packets per Second (Mpps). Or, in The PowerPC has been configured to use the instruction other words, the whole of the IXP cannot process more and data cache, both in write back mode. The PowerPC than 6Mpps. Moreover, if 128 queues are needed, and thus and PLB Bus clock frequency has been set to 100MHz and some external memory accesses are necessary, each the DDR controller is configured in burst mode. Finally, microengine can process at most 400Kpps. Finally, for 1K the code has been compiled using GCC optimization level queues the peak bandwidth that can be serviced by all 6 2 and then handcrafted. The frequency selection was Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE dictated by the implementation timing requirements. A Function Cycles state of the art embedded RISC core though, (like the Enqueue Dequeue PowerPC core provided in the Xilinx Virtex II Pro family) Dequeue Free List 34 42 can easily reach operation frequencies in the range 200- Enqueue Segment 46/68* 52 300 MHz (even in this reference FPGA device), so we also Copy a segment 136 136 compare the performance in those projected range of Total 216/238 230 frequencies. Note that the design of Figure 1 represents a * 46 for the first segment of the packet, 68 for the rest typical organization of an NPU core design, where the Table 3: Cycles per packet operation PowerPC is used as a typical on-chip embedded processor; the PowerPC is may even be more powerful when Let assume that the PowerPC’s clock frequency is set to compared to the typical such cores used in commercial 100 MHz, then the available time for processing a single NPs. packet is 512 clock cycles for a half-duplex network, or 256 cycles for a full duplex network. This means that for I D the queue management only, all the available processing capacity of the PowerPC core has to be used so as to OCM Cntrl support a full duplex 100Mbps line. In other words, the PowerPC cannot afford to further manipulate the packet, PPC thus another processor must be used for further processing. The majority of the cycles are spent waiting for the data PLB 64-bit from the memory and for the transactions over the PLB 64 bus. Even if the processor operation frequency is set to 400MHz, the improvement in the overall performance PLB DDR PLB-WB PLB EMC Controller Bridge would not be significant, since the maximum frequency of 64 32 the PLB bus, in the state-of-the-art reconfigurable chip is PLB 200MHz and in general it is hard to clock a bus, such as ZBT DDR DP SRAM SDRAM MAC BRAM1 BRAM the PLB, at more than 200MHz even in an ASIC. Controller As Table 3 demonstrates, half of the cycles are used to copy the data of the segment. A major improvement is to MII exploit the “line transactions” of the PLB. In this case, the PowerPC execute the line transactions over the bus using Figure 1: NPU core architecture set-up on the Xilinx the data cache unit as a temporary buffer [12]. Using this Virtex-II Pro FPGA platform configuration a segment can be retrieved from the BRAM and stored into the data cache in only 12 cycles (9 cycles 5.2. Queue structure for 9 double words and 3 cycle latency). Thus, the total number of cycles to copy a segment becomes: We implemented queues of packets as single-linked lists. The incoming data items are partitioned into fixed size TC = (TR + Tl) + (TW + Tl) = 2*(9+3)=24 cycles segments of 64 bytes each. Our implementation organizes the incoming packets into queues and handles and updates where TR denotes the number of cycles to read a segment the data structures kept in the pointer memory. A free-list from the on-chip buffer (Xilinx BRAM block), TW denotes keeps the free parts of the memory, at any given time, and the number of cycles to write a segment to the DDR a queue-table contains the header of all the employed DRAM and Tl denotes the 3-cycles bus latency. Thus, the queues. total number of cycles to enqueue and dequeue a packet The Queue Manager supports mainly the following becomes 128 and 118 respectively, which dictates that the functions: 100MHz PowerPC would sustain up to about 200 Mbps - Enqueue Segment throughput. - Dequeue Segment Another improvement would be to use a sophisticated - Enqueue Free List DMA controller like the one in [13]. In this case, four 32- - Dequeue Free List bit registers (DMA control, source/destination address and Each segment function is analyzed into separate segment length registers) have to be set before each transaction and free list sub-operations. For example, the enqueue [14]. However, each single PLB write transaction needs 4 packet operation is analyzed into the following steps: First cycles, thus we need at least 16 cycles to initiate the DMA a new pointer is allocated from the free list, then this transfer and at least 34 cycles to copy the data from the pointer is stored to the queue list and then the data are BRAM to the DRAM or vice versa. Note that the total transferred to the memory. time per operation is approximately the same as before. Hence, the overall throughput does not increase 5.3. Performance evaluation significantly, but in this configuration the processor has additional available processing power for other Table 3 shows the number of cycles for the execution of applications, due to the offloading of the data copying each segment operation. For a 100Mbps network and a tasks to the DMA engine. minimum packet length of 64 bytes the available time to serve this packet is 5.12 µsec. Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE 5.4 Impact on system level design The MMS uses a DDR-DRAM for data storage and a ZBT SRAM for segment and packet pointers. Thus, all The results of the previous section provide some insight on manipulations on data structures (pointers) occur in the limitations of software-based queue management parallel with data transfers, keeping DRAM accesses to a implementations. These results can be roughly summarized minimum. Figure 2 shows the architecture of the MMS. It in the following “rule-of-thumb”: the clock frequency of consists of five main blocks: Data Queue Manager (DQM), the system is proportional to the network bandwidth Data Memory Controller (DMC), Internal Scheduler, supported, since a system with a 100MHz microprocessor Segmentation Block and Reassembly Block. seems to be adequate to handle only a full duplex 100Mbps network link. Of course, the supported These blocks operate in parallel in order to increase throughput can be increased by employing enhanced performance. The internal scheduler forwards the memory transfer techniques, more efficient buses etc. In incoming commands from the various ports to the DQM any case, the performance limitations of the software giving different service priorities to each port. The DQM approach, probably, make it unsuitable for Gigabit organizes the incoming packets into queues. It handles and networks. The trade-off is throughput vs. programmability. updates the data structures kept in the Pointer memory. In case the NPU architecture targets a wide variety of The DMC performs the low level read and write segment applications with moderate throughput requirements (e.g. commands to the data memory; it issues interleaved low-end wireline or wireless LANs, access or edge commands so as to minimize bank conflicts. The In/Out network equipment) and the application requirements may and the CPU interfaces can be connected to numerous change over time, the inherent programmability of the physical network interfaces and to a large number of CPU embedded multiprocessor architectures offers an adequate cores. solution. However, more demanding applications in terms of target link rates or amount of packet operations and CPU queue manipulations may easily consume all the available processing resources even when advanced VLSI IN OUT technologies are employed (in which case the final end- system cost becomes an issue, since additional processing Segmentation Reassembly power will not come for free even when technology makes MMS 1 2 3 4 it feasible). Efficient application-specific hardware engines seem to be the only solution in this case. Internal Scheduler 6 An FPGA-based Memory Management Data System (MMS) Queue Manager The hardware-oriented approach addresses the limitations identified in the previous sections. In order to achieve DMC efficient memory management, in hardware, the incoming packets are partitioned into fixed size segments of 64 bytes DATA each. The segmented packets are stored in the data SRAM DRAM COMMANDS BACKPRESSURE memory, which is segment aligned. The MMS performs per flow queuing for up to 32 K flows; each packet is assigned to a certain flow. The MMS offers a set of Figure 2: MMS Architecture operations on the segmented packet, for flexible queue The MMS is a generic queue management block that can management, such as: be easily incorporated in any networking embedded system 1. Enqueue one segment that can handle queues. 2. Delete one segment or a full packet 3. Overwrite a segment 4. Append a segment at the head or tail of a packet 6.1 Experimental results 5. Move a packet to a new queue Extensive experiments of the MMS were performed, in the These functions facilitate the execution of the basic packet framework described in the last section, and by using forwarding operations; for instance segmentation & micro-code specifically developed for the embedded CPUs reassembly, protocol encapsulation, header modification. of the reference hardware platform. By supporting those operations, as shown in [4], we have Table 4 shows the measured latency of the segment managed to accelerate several real world network commands. The actual data accesses at the Data Memory applications such as: can be done, almost, in parallel with the pointer handling. In particular, a data access can start right after the first Ethernet switching (with QoS e.g. 802.1p,802.1q) pointer memory access of each command has been ATM switching completed. This is achieved because the pointer memory IP over ATM internetworking accesses, of each command, have been scheduled in such IP routing as way that the first one provides the corresponding Data Network Address Translation memory address. PPP (and others) encapsulation Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE Simple Commands Clock Cycles several hundreds MHz, a single processor can only achieve Enqueue 10 a throughput in the order of hundreds of Mbps (and for a Read 10 moderate number of queues). Hence, we claim that, in Overwrite 10 order to support the multi Gigabit per second rates of Move_ 11 today’s networks we need specialized hardware modules. Delete 7 In this paper we also briefly presented such a hardware Overwrite_Segment_length 7 module, which supports up to 6.2Gbps of network Dequeue 11 bandwidth when implemented on an FPGA. Since the Overwrite_Segment_length&Move 12 hardware cost of the device is limited, we claim that such a Overwrite_Segment&Move 12 hardware subsystem significantly increases the overall Table 4: Latency of the MMS commands network processing performance at an acceptable cost. The MMS latency has been measured for a system that has Acknowledgments a conservative clock of 125 MHz (according to the synthesis and placement and routing tools, the MMS can This work was performed in the framework of the work at more than 200MHz in a 0.18µm CMOS WEBSoC project, which is partially funded by the technology). Table 5 shows the MMS average latency for Greek Secretariat of Research & Technology. different loads. The total latency of a command consists of three parts: the FIFO delay, the execution latency and the References data latency. MMS keeps incoming commands in FIFOs [1] V. Kumar, T. Lakshman, and D. Stiliadis, “Beyond best- (one per port) so as to smooth the bursts of commands that effort: Router architectures for the differentiated services of may arrive simultaneously at this module. The latency that tomorrow’s internet,” IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 152- a command suffers, until it reaches the head of the FIFO, is 164, May 1998. [2] J. Rexford, F. Bonomi, A. Greenberg, A. Wong, “Scalable the FIFO latency. As soon as a command reaches the head Architectures for Integrated Traffic Shaping and Link Scheduling of the FIFO it starts its execution by accessing the pointer in High-Speed ATM Switches,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas memory. The latency introduced from this point until the in Communications, pp 938-950, June 1997. execution is completed is the execution latency. This [3] D. Whelihan and H. Schmit, “Memory optimization in latency defines the time interval between two successive single chip network switch fabric”, Proceedings of the 39th DAC, commands; in other words it states the MMS processing New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, June 2002. rate. Finally, the delay required to read or write a data [4] G. Kornaros, I. Papaefstathiou, A. Nikologiannis, N. Zervos segment along including the possible DRAM bank conflict "A Fully-Programmable Memory Management System delay is called the data latency. Since the MMS accesses Supporting Queue Handling at Multi Gigabit rates", IEEE, ACM, Proceedings of the 40th DAC, Anaheim, California, U.S.A., June the pointer memory in parallel with the DRAM, the 2-6, 2003. execution accounts only for 10.5 cycles of overhead delay. [5] D. N. Serpanos, P. Karakonstantis, “Efficient Memory The MMS can handle one operation per 84 ns or 12 Management for High-Speed ATM Systems”, Design Mops/sec operating at 125MHz. In other words, and since Automation for Embedded Systems, Kluwer Academic each operation is executed on 64-byte segments, the Publishers, 6, 207–235, April 2001. overall bandwidth the MMS supports is 6.145Gbps. [6] S. Lakshmanamurthy, et. al. “Network Processor Performance Analysis Methodology”, Intel Technology Journal Overall FIFO Execution Data Total delay Vol. 6 Issue 3, 2002. Load delay delay delay per command [7] James Allen, et. al. “PowerNP network processor: (Gbps) clock cycles hardware, SW and applications," IBM Journal of Research and 6.14 68 10.5 31.3 109.8 Development, vol. 47, no. 2-3, pp. 177-194, 2003. 4.8 57 10.5 30.8 98.3 [8] C-port Corp., “C-5 Network Processor Architecture Guide”, 4 20 10.5 30 60.5 C5NPD0-AG/D, May 2001. 3.2 20 10.5 29.1 59.6 [9] Motorola Inc., “Q-5 Traffic Management Coprocessor 1.6 20 10.5 28 58.5 Product Brief”, Q5TMC-PB, December 2003 [10] W. Zhou et. al., “Queue Management for QoS Provision Table 5: MMS Delays Build on Network Processor” 9th IEEE Work-shop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS'03), May 28 - 7 Conclusions 30, 2003 San Juan, Puerto Rico [11] Tammo Spalink, Scott Karlin, Larry Peterson, Yitzchak Gottlieb, “Building a Robust Software-Based Router Using It is widely supported that one of the most challenging Network Processors”, 18th ACM Symposium on Operating tasks in network processing is the memory/queue handling. Systems Principles (SOSP'01), Chateau Lake Louise, Banff, In this paper, we have first analyzed the memory access Alberta, Canada, October 2001. characteristics and the processing requirements of some [12] PowerPC 405 Processor Block Reference Guide, September common queue manipulation functions. Our performance 2, 2003, Xilinx Inc. evaluation of queue management implementations, both on [13] Meleis, H.E., Serpanos, D.N., “Designing communication the commercial IXP1200 NPU, as well as on our reference subsystems for high-speed networks”, IEEE Network, Vol. 6, prototype architecture, exposes the significant processing Issue 4. [14] Direct Memory Access and Scatter Gather Datasheet, resources required when general-purpose RISC engines are Version 2.2, January 2003, Xilinx Inc. used to implement queue manipulation functions. Those results show that even with state-of-the-art VLSI technology and processor frequencies in the order of Proceedings of the Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition (DATE’05) 1530-1591/05 $ 20.00 IEEE
+Correspondence Address:
+M Shyam PrasadAssistant Professor, PNPS Ayurveda Medical College and Research Centre, Parakalai, Kasargod, Kerala India
+Full Text IntroductionIndia's biodiversity offers a great deal of opportunities in health and allied sciences. The existence of traditional as well as folk medicine depends upon this biodiversity. The information of medicine, which is being transformed verbally from generation to generation and not in the course of written documentation is generally known by the name "folklore medicine". It was the only one means through which the ancestors fulfilled their medicinal needs. Even though it was evolved by the individual and ethnic experiences, it needs further investigations in stipulations of different branches of advanced scientific techniques to tackle the issues like that of identification, standardization, safety profile etc. Moreover, in the management of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, the alliance between different branches of medical sciences has much to offer for the suffering populace.Curcuma neilgherrensis Wight (Family: Zingiberaceae); known as "Kattukalvazhai" in Tamil is a folklore medicine widely used by the tribes of Western Ghats for the management of diabetes mellitus. The traditional medical practitioners of Kodagu District of Karnataka have identified its usage in diabetes mellitus, even so the Palliayar tribes of Tamilnadu are using its tuber for edible purposes. The leaf is considered as the useful part for counteracting the ill effects of diabetes mellitus. In spite of its reputation, it has not yet been investigated scientifically and hence its leaves were thought worth to study in detail. The available textual information regarding the herb is very minimum and inadequate. This paper reviews research on the identification, authentication and qualitative analysis. The plant is extensively distributed in the southern part of India, especially over high altitudes [Figure 1].{Figure 1}C. neilgherrensis is a herb with small conical rhizomes internally whitish in color, ending in root tubers, fusiform. Leaves green, lanceolate/oblong - lanceolate in shape, 25cm in length and 8 cm wide [Figure 2] and [Figure 3]. Inflorescence present in both lateral and central, long with a distinct coma. Coma bracts are oblong- lanceolate, fused only at base, light to dark pink or violet in color. Fertile bracts are fused about lower 1/3, slightly curved, margin wavy, green, green with a pink or violet spot at the tip, and densely pubescent. The bracteoles are triangular in shape. Flowers are longer than the bracts, 3-4 in each bract, and light yellow in color. Calyx three lobed at apex, violet dotted, and densely pubescent. Corolla tube light yellow in color, lobes unequal, pubescent, hooded at tip. Labellum shows a median cleft, yellow with a deep yellow median band. [1] Flowers usually appear in the season of February-March, and the leaves are not visible at the time of flowering [Figure 4]. [2]{Figure 2}{Figure 3}{Figure 4} Materials and MethodsCollection of plant materialThe whole plant with leaves was collected in the season of June, from the natural habitat of Talakaveri forests of Kodagu District, Karnataka, a tail of Western Ghats, and accurately identified with the help of different floras [3],[4],[5] at Pharmacognosy Laboratory, I.P.G.T. and R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar. Matured leaves were separated from the plant, cut in to pieces, shade dried, coarsely powdered (10 mesh), and used for further study. The rest of leaf sample was preserved in the solution of F.A.A (70% Ethyl alcohol: Glacial acetic acid: Formalin in the ratio of 90:5:5) to study the histological profile.Pharmacognostical studiesThe plant was macroscopically studied. Free hand transverse sections of leaves were taken and examined. Surface preparation was done and both the surface of leaves were observed. Organoleptic evaluation was done for the appreciation of color, odor, and taste. The powder microscopy of dried leaves was also carried out. The microphotographs were taken using the Carl Zeiss binocular microscope.Physico-chemical and Phytochemical studiesThe physico-chemical parameters such as loss on drying, total ash content, pH, and extractive values, (water-soluble and alcohol soluble) were determined. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in accordance with the Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India. The extracts were further analyzed for the presence of constituents such as tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids, etc. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) were performed for the normal phase separation of components. Results and DiscussionThe macroscopic analysis revealed that the leaves of C. neilgherrensis are lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in shape, measuring about 25 cm in length and 6 cm width with parallel venation.Organoleptic charactersThe nature of powder was coarse, grey in color, bitter in taste, and slightly aromatic in odor.Surface preparationSmall pieces of (2 mm square) the leaf in the solution of chloral hydrate in a test tube were taken, boiled in water bath until get transparent material, mounted in glycerin and the following characters like trichomes, epidermal cells [Figure 5], and stomata [Figure 6] were observed under the microscope.{Figure 5}{Figure 6}Transverse Section of leafThe epidermis is found on both upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. Single-layered oval-shaped cells covered with cuticle, some cells with trichomes, stomata present at both the sides, mesophyll undifferentiated compactly arranged thin-walled isodiametric, chlorophyllous with intercellular spaces. Some cells filled with tannin materials. The vascular bundles [Figure 7] are collateral and closed. The xylum is found towards upper side and phloem towards the lower side surrounded by bundle sheath, consisting of thin parenchyma cells loaded with starch grains. Xylem consists of vessels and phloem of sieve tubes and companion cells [Figure 8]. Sclerenchyma cells present in patches at both ends of the midrib region. It gives mechanical support to the vascular bundles and also for the leaves.{Figure 7}{Figure 8}Powder microscopyLeaves were shade dried and made in to coarse powder for the powder microscopy. The diagnostic features observed were the trichomes [Figure 9], spiral vessels [Figure 10], epidermal cells [Figure 11], chloroplasts, abundance of fibers, prismatic crystals, tannins [Figure 12], etc. which are helpful in identification and authentication of the plant material in future works [Table 1].{Figure 9}{Figure 10}{Figure 11}{Figure 12}{Table 1}Phytochemical analysisPhysico-chemical parameters and qualitative tests of powder of C. neilgherrensis were done. The value of total ash (8.02% w/w) shows the presence of residue after ignition, representing the plant residue, and external materials. Total ash is the gauge of non-volatile inorganic constituents remaining subsequent to incineration. It is made up of physiological and non-physiological ash. The physiological ash consists of silicates, carbonates, chlorides, nitrates, and phosphates of metals that the plant acquired when it was growing. The non-physiological ash represents the ash from external matter. pH [6] the quantitative measure of alkalinity or acidity was studied with the help of digital pH-indicator. The pH of the water-soluble extract was observed as 6.27, suggesting that the sample is near to neutral or slightly acidic in nature. Further analysis of crude drug yielded water-soluble extract of 6.4% w/w and alcohol-soluble extract about 8.0% w/w [Table 2]. The qualitative analysis revealed the occurrence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, organic acids, and saponin glycosides that will be the land marks in authentication of this plant [Table 3].{Table 2}{Table 3}TLC and HPTLC profilesThin-layer chromatography [7] [Table 4] and high-performance thin-layer chromatography [8] [Table 5] were executed for the normal phase separation of components of methanol extracts of leaves of C. neilgherrensis Wight. For TLC screening, solvent system was prepared by taking toluene and ethyl acetate in a proportion of 8:2. Stationary phase for the TLC profile was silica gel. The spots obtained from the extract were examined under ultra violet light of wavelength 254 and 366 nm. The resolution factor was calculated by using the formula R f = distance travelled by solute/distance travelled by solvent.{Table 4}{Table 5}After postchromatographic deprivation with Anisaldehyde H 2 SO 4 , the R f values were obtained at 0.16, 0.75, 0.85. The solvent system prepared by toluene and ethyl acetate in a ratio of 8:2 was used for the HPTLC [Figure 13] and [Figure 14] screening of methanol extracts of leaves of C. neilgherrensis.{Figure 13}{Figure 14}When the sample is tested in 254 and 366 nm, two spots were identical, that is, 0.32 and 0.68. After postchromatographic deprivation with anisaldehyde H 2 SO 4 , six spots were obtained with an R f value of 0.035, 0.10, 0.57, 0.63, 0.71, and 0.98. The presence of spots after this specific spray may be suggestive of occurrence of phenolic-type compounds or tannins. ConclusionThe available textual information regarding the herb C. neilgherrensis is very minimum and inadequate. As the drug is widely used in conditions like diabetes mellitus by folklore practitioners, and to adopt it in current herbal medicinal practice, it is essential to conduct the pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis that covers the preliminary steps of standardization. Therefore, this study was carried out with the objective of claiming identification and also to investigate the physico-chemical and qualitative analysis. The microscopic parameters and other physico-chemical reports, which are obtained in this work, can be used for the confirmation and diagnosis of this plant. TLC and HPTLC results showed the presence of certain constituents with matching R f values when visualized in UV radiation of various wavelengths. Hope that the current study and the facts obtained here, may act as a stepping stone for further cavernous research works on C. neilgherrensis Wight in the field of plant science and medicine.
+Introduction
+Materials and Methods
+Results and Discussion
+Conclusion
+References1Sabu M. Zingiberaceae and Costaceae of India. Indian association for angiosperm taxonomy. 1st ed. Kerala: Calicut University; 2006. p. 169-71.
+2Fyson PF. The flora of Nilgiri and Pulney hill tops (above 6,500 feet). 1st ed., vol. 1. Delhi: BSMPS and Periodical experts; 1974. p. 409.
+3Gamble JS. Flora of the Presidency of Madras. Vol. 3. Hart street, London: Published under the authority of the secretary state for Indian council, 1928. p. 1481.
+4Manilal KS. Flora of Silent Valley, Dept of Science and Taxonomy, Govt of India. 1st ed, Calicut: Mathrubhumi Press; 1988. p. 312.
+5Nair TS, Rasiya Beegum A, Mohanan N, Rajkumar G. Flowering plants of Kerala. Trivandrum: Tropical Botanical Garden and Research Institute; 2006. p. 844.
+6Anonymous. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, Part 2, 1 st ed., vol. 1. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India; 2007. p. 191.
+7Wagener H, Bladt S. Plant drug analysis - A thin layer chromatography atlas. Berlin: Springer; 1996. p. 230-1.
+8Heftmann E. Chromatography - A laboratory handbook of chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. 3 rd ed. New York: Van Nostarand Reinhold; 1975. p. 112.
+One Family; Who pledge to Follow our dreams, live our passion, and ignore the dissenters...
+Monday, June 16, 2008
+L.D.S. Rules For Safe Dating
+Celestial Dating "Listening to the Words of the Prophets"
+Preface to parents and young adults:
+David of old, choice in the sight of God, allowed his eternal soul to fall into the depths of hell. Can we say that God has been with us as much as He was with David in his youth? Can we claim the faith in God
+that David showed?
+Yet, David fell! We can fall too, no matter how choice we are. To fail to understand that is to have fallen prey to one of Satan’s biggest lies.
+Why did David Fall? moral transgressions not to know how easy it is to fall.
+I have asked myself time and time again why some
+fall and others do not. Surely such a question would require a very complicated answer. Yet, after many hundreds of hours of interviews, it became obvious that those who had fallen into transgression, had simply made some common errors.
+Time after time, physical surroundings, circumstances, and activities were all repeated, and all seemed to set the stage for sin to seize young lives. Bitterness, regret, sorrow, and a feeling of despair quickly replaced excitement and enthusiasm.
+The message of the following rules is plain and simple: You CAN and must be the one to control your life in order to be free from sin.
+Where you are, who you are with, where you are going, what you are doing, and what time you are doing it, are all controlled by you, and will help or hinder you.
+Following many interviews, it became apparent, that the key to maintaining moral chastity was in preventive action. President Kimball put it this way: "The secret of the good life is in protection and prevention. Those who yield to evil are usually those who have placed themselves in a vulnerable position."
+To help substantiate what I have written, I have used many quotes from President Kimball, but much of the counsel comes from hours of interviews with young people. To follow these rules will require humility and spiritual strength added to a desire to be valiant..
+RULES FOR CELESTIAL DATING:
+1. NO DATING UNTIL AGE 16.
+President Kimball tells us, "Any dating or pairing off in social contacts should be postponed until at least the age of 16 or older, and even then there should be much judgement used in selections and in the seriousness." President Kimball goes on to counsel us that beginning the dating process too soon almost always brings young immature marriages or immorality and sin. He says that early dating is often done with parental approval, "yet it is near criminal to subject a tender child to the temptations of maturity."
+Remember, NO STEADY DATING until after missions. It is an excellent idea to double or group date for most of your dating until at least the age of 18.
+(Quotes in order: Ensign, Feb. 1975, p. 4: Miracle of Forgiveness, p. 223)
+NOTE TO PARENTS: Don’t innocently apply "parent pressure" to your young people to disobey counsel by encouraging them to date by attending special dances before age 16. We are dealing with a principle of
+obedience here. President Kimball does NOT qualify his counsel by saying. "Don’t date until you are 16 . . . unless you are a mature 15 . . . or, unless your parents approve of the kind of young man or lady . . . or, unless you will be missing the Sophomore Prom."
+2. MISSIONS BEFORE SERIOUS DATING.." He tells us further that, ". . . one can have all the blessings if he is in control and takes the experiences in proper turn, first some limited social get-acquainted contacts, then his mission, then hiscourting, then his temple marriage and his schooling and his family, then his life’s work," A
+word to you young ladies of the church:).
+(Quotes: Ensign, Feb. 1975, p. 4)
+3. DO NOT DATE NONMENBERS OR UNWORTHY MEMBERS. NO MISSIONARY WORK ONE-ON-ONE WITH MEMBERS OF THE OPPOSITE SEX., : . . . clearly, right marriage begins with right dating . . . therefore, this warning comes with great emphasis.. Missionary work must be done without hazard of emotional romantic involvement that leads to conditions which confuse the potential candidate as to his purpose in investigating or joining the Church, I am quite aware that we have faithful
+members of the Church who have joined as a result of exposure to the Church by their spouse. We are grateful for them; however, for every success story, there are numerous tragic stories of members and nonmembers alike being hurt by such, Have the faith to follow the prophet in this most important matter.
+(Quote: The Miracle of Forgiveness p. 241)
+4. DO NOT PARTICIPATE IN "KISSING-HUGGING" SESSIONS.
+This is called "making out" or "necking". I am not talking about the serious sin of "petting", but the lengthy make-out sessions that many feel are "okay" as long as you do not let it go too far. President Kimball teaches us, " . . . among
+session, is wrong IN AND OF ITSELF, not just because it may lead to something worse, I am not saying that there isn’t a proper time in dating relationship to kiss. There is a proper time andplace. President Kimball advises us, " . . . kissing would be saved at least until these later hallowed courtship days when they could
+be free from sex and have holy meaning." In an address delivered to RETURNED MISSIONARIES (not high school-aged people, but those in the courting years), President Kimball said, " . . . a kiss is an evidence of affection. A kiss is an evidence of love, not an evidence of lust---butit can be. Don’t ever let a kiss in your courtship spell lust. Necking and petting are lustful; they are not love . . . I don’t mind your kissing each other after you have had several dates; [remember who he is speaking to here--returned missionaries], but not the ‘Hollywood kiss,’ not the kiss of passion, but the kiss of affection, and there won’t be any trouble. Now remember these things."
+(Quotes in order: The Miracle of Forgiveness p. 65, Ibid; p. 231; An address delivered by
+Elder Spencer Kimball Jan. 2, 1959.)
+5. NO FRENCH KISSING.
+This type of conduct is far too intimate and is extremely suggestive. A French kiss is the "Hollywood" kiss that President Kimball described above.
+6. DO NOT PARK.
+Especially in the high school years, parking in an automobile has been the down fall of many choice young people. The prophet, President Kimball, tells us that, "in interviewing repenting young folks, as well as some older ones, I am frequently told that the couple met their defeat in the dark, at get home, go into the house, ALONE! Just don’t ever place yourself where something could happen. Remember President Kimball’s statement, " . . . those who yield to evil are usually those who have placed themselves in a vulnerable position."
+7. NEVER, NEVER GO INTO A HOME OR AN APARTMENT ALONE.
+I estimate that 80% to 85% of the young people I interviewed, who were involved in a moral transgression of any sort, got involved in a home or an apartment. This is especially true of college age members who have their own apartments. If you would live just this one rule ALWAYS, you would significantly reduce your chances of ever falling. If you are in a home or apartment with others and they slowly all leave except for you and your partner, then ONE OF YOU should leave at that time also! DO NOT underestimate the power of Satan to use your natural drives, if you place yourself in a vulnerable position enough times YOU WILL FALL. Don’t give Satan a chance . . . that is all he needs!
+8. NEVER, NEVER, NEVER GO INTO A BEDROOM.
+Bedrooms are not for entertaining friends of the opposite sex; not even to listen to records, watch TV, do homework or etc. Do not let a bedroom become a familiar place to be with members of the opposite sex.
+9. NO BACK RUBS.(or leg rubs, or snuggling)
+Becoming too familiar with each other physically offers liberties NOT entitled to single couples, and is wrong. Back rubs hove too often led to more intimate acts.
+10. DO NOT LIE DOWN BY EACH OTHER OR ON TOP OF EACH OTHER.
+I’m sorry to have to be so blunt, but lying down to watch TV, lying down in the park, on the beach or wherever, places you in a position that is not needed and is spiritually unhealthy. When you watch TV, SIT UP! When you go on a picnic. Sit up! When you have a good night kiss (at the proper time in a relationship)
+don’t recline to do it. ALSO, NEVER, NEVER, NEVER lie on top of each other. This is absolutely wrong. And, this advise applies to all young people - especially engaged couples.
+11. ATTEND ONLY WHOLESOME ACTIVITIES.
+"X", "R", and most "PG-13" and "PG" rated movies are NOT appropriate to see on dates or at any time. President Kimball advises us that, "… danger spots likely to have most appeal among the youth, and which should be shunned as one would shun a poisonous serpent, are undesirable movies and improper TV programs." I have had many Church members (young and old) tell me that they just "overlook" the filth in a movie and not let it affect them adversely. That’s IMPOSSIBLE! You cannot go to a movie or to any entertainment which portrays sexual, violent or verbal pornographic material, as domost movies today, and not be affected and spiritually hurt. It affects you whether you like it or not! In fact, if you find that this kind of material does not offend you, then this is a sure sign that you have already been spiritually damagedin your life and don’t even know it. We should avoid drive-in movies for dates. President Kimball, in talking of drive-in movies, said the following:"There in the car, in dark privacy, with suggestive, voluptuous acting on the screen, was Satan’s near-perfect setting for sin. With outward appearances of decency and respectability, with an absence of holy immoral acts - acts which would at least be much less likely in the living room or in the formal theater on Main Street." Further, if you find yourself at a party where alcoholic beverages are being served, where the lighting is poor, where couples are making out in the corners, where drugs are being used, or anything else not conducive to maintaining the spirit, LEAVE! When you are at dances be careful of your posture on slow dances (NO BEAR HUGGING AT ALL even though everyone else [Mormon’s included] are doing it), and be careful of your intimations on fast dances. Now, please never go to bars - even just to dance or listen to the music. If you frequent bars, you will fall into serious transgressions.
+I HAVE YET TO FIND AN EXCEPTION TO THAT STATEMENT.
+(Quotes in order: The Miracle of Forgiveness p. 229; Ibid, p. 225)
+NOTE TO PARENTS: You would be horrified to observe the Satanic, evil atmosphere at the Rock Concerts some of our young people are attending. Be aware of this and the environment that is associated with your children’s other activities. Don’t assume anything. If your child is invited to a party at a friend’s home, don’t "assume" it will be chaperoned. Talk to the parents, so you know it will be. (By the way, just because parents are home doesn’t mean they are "chaperoning". There are too many parties where parents are upstairs watching TV while the young people are in a dark basement dancing and making out in the corners!) Don’t assume that the video movie at the Sunday School party will be appropriate – know what is going to be shown before you accept the invitation. When your children leave your home, you should always know where they are going, who they will be with, where you can contact them if necessary, and when you can expect them back!
+12. NO IMMODEST DRESS.
+Dress that is modest and becoming an LDS young man or young lady is most important at all times and is most important when dating. Girls, immodest clothing includes two-piece swimming suits or ones with low necklines and french-cut sides, halter tops, short shorts, tight-fitting clothes, short skirts, low necklines, etc. Boys, keep your shirts on and buttonedup! (Even in the summer) President Kimball tells us that those who do not actively resist the evil influence of immodesty will "absorb and foster it." He goes on to say, "I
+see some of our LDS mothers, wives, and daughters wearing dresses extreme and suggestive in style. Even some fathers encourage it. I wonder if our sisters realize the temptation they are flaunting before men whenthey leave their bodies partly uncovered or dress in tight-fitting, body-revealing, form-fitting sweaters … We cannot overemphasize immodesty as one of the pitfalls to be avoided if we would shun temptation and keep ourselves clean." On occasions, I have found young ladies who wore things which were immodest
+and did not realize it. ALL looked well in the mirror as they stood there with shoulders back and standing up straight. What they did not realize is that they don’t stand straight all day - they sit, they stoop, they lean over, and their clothes become immodest. Make sure all of your clothing is modest for all occasions.
+One of the most disappointing times I had as a Bishop was when I took the ward members swimming and saw the immodest suits the girls wore. After that occasion, I had to announce for the girls to wear a T-shirt over their suits at future ward parties. How unfortunate that any LDS girl would own a swimming suit that she could not use for LDS functions. Girls, as hard as it may be, search until you can find a modest swimming suit or make your own!
+(Quote: The Miracle of Forgiveness, p. 226.)
+13. DATE IN COUPLES OR GROUPS MOST OFTEN.
+Even after the age of 18, it is desirable to date in couples or groups. Dating in groups is not only safer, but you will find that it is much more enjoyable. You will also get to know things about your date that you could not find out any other way because with more people, there is naturally more conversation. As we get
+older, we tend to think that we are "above" group dating. This is a serious error. Do not make single dating the largest portion of your dating. Sometimes when we start to like someone quite a bit, we tend to single date almost exclusively . . . this is a dangerous mistake.
+14. NO LATE HOURS. We should be in from our dates by 12:30 (college age) and 12:00 (high school age) or sooner. Most proper functions will end in time for you to go straight home and be in on time. Do not make
+it a habit to be out late or up late for that matter. Not all moral problems occur late at night, but many, many do! When we are tired and have become more relaxed with each other through the evening, it is very easy to let down our guard . . . that is all Satan needs. Resistance seems to be lower at night, so make it a habit to be in early from your dates. THIS DOES NOT MEAN that if you go to one of your homes you can stay up longer than this hour. You both should be at your respective homes at this time.
+NOTE TO PARENTS: You would be shocked to know the number of your young people that I have talked to that lost their virtue in their own front room, or family room, or bedroom, while their parents were home, but
+asleep in their own bedroom or in another part of the house. WAIT UP until your children come home from their dates. This is a great time to talk with them and to sense how the evening went. They could never
+come home with alcohol or other substance on their breath without your knowing, if you waited up for them. Also, when the young people are at your home, chaperone them. Don’t let a young couple go to parts of the
+home for long periods of time.. Whatever they would do would be okay." Anyone can make errors. You must have firmly planted in your mind right from wrong, and do not let ANYONE talk you into anything that would not meet the Savior’s approval. Know exactly what you are going to do on a date before you go. To go on a date without a plan may sound harmless, or even exciting, but it can lead to trouble very easily.
+16. DISCUSS DATING RULES WITH PARTNERS. As you date, especially with those you really like, discuss these rules and your standards so that you each understand what you expect from yourself and your relationship with each other. Set the stops now while your minds are clear and unhampered by emotions. It is virtually impossible to set them in the middle of a passion-filled night. If a dating partner is not willing to follow these rules or thinks they are too strict, DROP THEM FLAT! Never let your standards relax . . . even for what may seem to be the best young man or woman you have ever known! If you want the help of the Lord and his blessings, follow his counsel.
+17. DO NOT THINK THAT YOU ARE THE EXCEPTION TO THESE RULES. Don’t say to yourself, "Boy do I know so-and-so who needs these rules." The rules are for you! To think that it could never happen to you is a major error of gigantic proportions. IT CAN HAPPEN TO YOU. It can happen to
+you, to Bishops, to stake Presidents or anyone who places themselves in such a position. Rules are for everyone. I remember clearly a visiting general authority counseling the bishops in my stake to never interview a woman in the ward alone in the building, and to not give women or young ladies rides somewhere alone. Why are there rules for bishops? Because they too can fall! I believe that, and I followed that advice. On cold winter days, after interviewing a young lady in the Institute building, I would drive back to work and pass her on the road as she walked back to the dorm. RULES ARE FOR EVERYONE. Don’t ever think, "Oh, I would never do that so it is okay if I go into an apartment alone, or park, or whatever." This is an open invitation to Satan to prove you wrong! And, he will! The biggest error of all is to think that you are an exception to one of these rules.
+Now these are not all of the rules we might follow in dating. If you have good parents, they may have similar or other rules like these. They may limit the number of dates you have in a month, or require that you go out with a variety of partners rather than not just one. But, I have never talked to a young person yet who has committed a moral transgression of ANY kind who has not broken several of these rules.
+Remember, breaking these rules interferes with Celestial Dating and falling in love. They DO NOT bind you down, but rather free you from the things that cause countless heartaches. . . things that have
+contributed to many a Celestial candidate falling to a lower kingdom.
+1. No dating until age 16; no single dating until 18.
+2. Missions for boys before serious dating.
+3. Do not date nonmembers or unworthy members.
+4. Do not participate in kissing-hugging sessions.
+5. No French kissing.
+6. Do not park.
+7. Never, never go into a home or an apartment alone.
+8. Never, never go into a bedroom.
+9. No back rubs.
+10. Do not lie down by each other or on top of each other.
+11. Attend only wholesome activities.
+12. No immodest dress.
+13. Date in couples or groups most often.
+14. No late hours.
+15. Each partner should be responsible for his own actions.
+16. Discuss dating rules with partners.
+17. Do not t
+Posted by The Wes Gordon Family at 9:28 PM
+1 comment:
+Have you had a chance to check out Ignighter.com? Many L.D.S. parents love it because it enforces group dating. The parents have said that they know their children are going to date and even use online dating websites, so why not use one that encourages the user to date in groups. Safety in numbers is very important.
+god of war sindri or brok armor
+Is there any transmog for armor in this game? God of War has a series of side-quests tracked in the game named Favors, and five of these pertain to the Dwarven smiths that Kratos and Atreus will encounter in the game named Brok and Sindri. Right? Forged by the makers of Mjolnir and given to him by his wife, Kratos would wield both in 2018’s God of War with devastating efficiency. While there is no shortage of rare and even legendary armor … God of War - Sindri's Royal Dwarven Set + Otr's Imprisonment ... God of War - Spartan Rage Build: Brok's Set (Give Me God ... God of War New Game Plus ALL NEW ARMOR SETS (God of War 4 … God of War won Game of the Year 2018. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ... With the full set of Brok’s armor you’ll gain a 30% increase in the rate at which you gain it and you can extend this further with Enchantments. But that’s ability is only for the chest. Here's where the blacksmiths Brok & Sindri's locations are in the game. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. Trending Content on Prime Wikis. At the end of each mission, you will unlock the access to better and better armor, which should be your priority. To get access to the Ancient Set you need to take down an ancient and collect material… Brok's Blue Skin. Explore - Since you're looking for how to sell artifacts odds are you're looking to make some quick hacksilver, too. This step is fairly simple. Privacy PolicyCookie SettingsDo Not Sell My InformationReport Ad. This subreddit is dedicated to discussion of the games and sharing news about them. At its max upgrade, it provides 30 strength and … This subreddit is dedicated to discussion of the games and sharing news about them. Get the best of USG in your inbox by subscribing to our newsletters. The Zeus Armor Set is, without a doubt, the best armor set in the entire game. We cannot get both of these on the first playthrough. Many of these missions are unlocked as you progress through the story mode and some tasks from Sindri and Brok require you to complete previous tasks in order to start the new ones. Location: Konunsgard Stronghold (only accessible once you have reforged Brok and Sindri's partnership during the "A Path to Jotunheim" main story quest) Reward: Runic Attack - Fire of Ares, Dwarven Armor Set Recipe, 3290 EXP In this chapter, you will read about all favours available in God of War. Second Hand Soul is a Favor given to players by Brok; the quest tasks you with finding Brok’s friend Andvari, another dwarf known as “The Alchemist.” In Norse myth, Andvari was the dwarf who forged the magical ring Andvaranaut which turned Fafnir into a dragon. Between them they have the stats to compliment any play style, making this a good armor choice for players in the mid game stage. Missed getting the Eye of the Outer Realm in Helheim...any way back in? © 2020 GAMESPOT, A RED VENTURES COMPANY. Throw on the talisman of unbound potential + and you will literally never run out of runic attacks. You’ll have to enter through the “Konunsgard” sea tunnel, just north of the Forgotten Caverns. God of War is a third person action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Worst: Boar HideThis armor set is very, very basic. This part of the God of War Walkthrough is dedicated to the Favor called “Hail to the King”. Ivaldi’s Armor Set of Deadly Mist is definitely the best armor set in … Brok and Sindri, God of War’s dwarf brothers, offer players a number of different quests throughout the game. Or posting anything related to GOW really. God of War won Game of the Year 2018. I went with the Sindri’s because the invulnerable during Runic attacks is great. In order to upgrade the armor pieces, you must take them to Brok’s or Sindri’s shop where these will be upgraded to increase your selected stats. Or … Find out how to level up fast with out God of War upgrade guide. God of War is a third person action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. In Norse mythology, Eitri(or Sindri) is a dwarf and the brother of Brokkr. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The Sindri's Royal Dwarven Armor Set is one of the sets of Armor you can find in God of War. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. There’s no doubt that God of War is one of the best games of 2018, but it’s also a hell of a challenge for even experienced players because of its punishing damage model and unique pace of combat. When fighting the Valkyries on the hardest difficulty, I would always use Sindri's chest armor over anything else because it often gives you invincibility during runic attacks. It … If you want to keep Kratos on his feet against even the toughest enemies, it’s important to understand your gear and armor so you can plan ahead. Sindris chest only, then go to Nilf and get deadly mist when you can, its best way to level up on GMGOW first play through...and does until you kill some valks. It's also the most dangerous and hardest… But … Sindri’s also here and, helpfully, will make you a key to the workshop for 500 Mist Echoes to open the door. PlayStation How To Increase Luck In God Of War: Best Armor, Enchantments and Other Items To Upgrade Kratos' Luck. God of War presents a number of different ways to customize the way that Kratos plays. As usual, mark the favor in your “Goals” and follow the waypoints. God of War is an action-adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment (SIE). Cookies help us deliver our Services. God Of War (2018): Sindri's Royal Dwarven Armor (FULL SET) - BEST ARMOR God of War won Game of the Year 2018. The weirdest thing about Brok and Sindri isn't that they're different heights, or that … However, underneath this brash exterior, Brok is well-meaning and cares for those close to him. What happened to this series? In this chapter of the God of War Game Guide you can read which equipment is worth crafting at the blacksmiths - Brok and Sindri. Favors are side quest that usually require to find an item or defeat a specific opponent. There are mist armors you can get that give you the same kind of stats as Brok's armor, but none that give you the same as Sindri's. This version of the Sharpshooter Garb is pretty much the same as the one that comes before it except that it cuts down significantly on the recharge time, which is helpful since you'll be able to reload faster and shoot off more arrows. | Provides a small amount of constant health regeneration. I have also tried various other pieces of armor with the Sindri chest, but no other pieces match up their perks as nicely as these three do. Best Armor Sets In God Of War. Brok and Sindri tell you about an armor worthy of the gods and send you to Konunsgard to investigate. He curses regularly in conversation, and is frequently impolite. The worst God of War game of the franchise. ... Two sets are available, one Brok’s choice and one Sindri’s. One of his biggest gameplay changes in God of War was the addition of the Leviathan Axe, an enchanted sapphire weapon that replaced the scarlet glow of the Blades of Chaos. Master Inventor: Brok is a skilled inventor, especially in weaponry, armor and other war items. Sindri's armor for sure. You can also watch the video below for how to get the best God of War armor: ... and Ivalidi’s Workshop where the best armor is locked away. God of War Hacksilver Tips: Best Ways To Get More Of It Fast. Brok or Sindri Armor until I get the Mist Armor. Both weapons can go back into the owner's hand if they wanted. Collect Dew Drops to power up. You're browsing the GameFAQs Message Boards as a guest. I generally pair the Sindri chest with the valk gauntlet and waist. Sindri's armor for sure. Like his brother, Brok dislikes the Aesir, and regrets crafting Mjolnir for Thor.. Rather than killing a certain amount of enemies and… You unlock these sets by completing the Hail To The King Favor. God of War is a third person action-adventure video game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Ivaldi’s Armor Set of Deadly Mist. This subreddit is dedicated to discussion of the games and sharing news about them. For me, I ONLY get the Sindri Chest....because the perk for invulnerability during Runic attacks is an absolute must on harder difficulty levels. Looks like you're using new Reddit on an old browser. Sindri and Brok's Favor: Hail to the King. Can’t decide between the two. All three of those armor pieces have perks pertaining to runic usage . With the necessary materials, Brok can make or improve items for Kratos and Atreus. By using our Services or clicking I agree, you agree to our use of cookies. The opposite of his brother, Brok is crude, crass, and cranky. Eitri began working in his furnace while his brother was working the b… Condition: Complete the quests “Second Hand Soul”, “Fáfnir’s Hoard”, “Family Business”, “Deus ex … The blacksmiths in God of War are your gateway to a world of more powerful weapons, armor, and more. This legendary set can be bought from Brok and Sindri, and can be upgraded twice. I can get both but the one u didn’t buy is gonna cost a lot of hack sliver. God of War features some pretty cool looking armor pieces for both Kratos and Atreus. There are mist armors you can get that give you the same kind of stats as Brok's armor, but none that give you the same as Sindri's. Just got this game for 15 bucks. Sindri and Brok, finally together, ask you to find some materials to make a legendary armor. Yes, please. Constant health? He and his brother, Sindri had created Mjölnir, one of the most powerful weapon in Norse mythology and Leviathan, a powerful magic axe with ice magic. Or … After meeting with the witch, you’ll find yourself in the Lake of Nine, … Is it fine if I play God of War on PS4 without playing the others? Ivaldi’s Cursed Mist is a tricky one. Sindri and Brok will help increase your Luck using armor, talismans and pummels.
+Use Of Jargon In Communication Examples, Chinese Fan Palm Outdoor Care, Husqvarna 40 Fuel Mix, Light Oak Furniture, Canon Sx60 Hs Price In South Africa, Stihl Ms171 Parts Diagram, Blackstone 17 Griddle Stand,
+Category: Uncategorized
+Share this:
+The U.K. SFO flexes its pre-Bribery Act muscle in criminally charging an Alstom subsidiary, other scrutiny alerts and updates, nominate, double standard, quotable, and for the reading stack. It’s all here in the Friday roundup.
+Alstom
+As has been widely reported (see here and here for instance), the U.K. Serious Fraud Office announced:
+“Alstom Network UK Ltd, formerly called Alstom International Ltd, a UK subsidiary of Alstom, has been charged with three offences of corruption contrary to section 1 of the Prevention of Corruption Act 1906, as well as three offences of Conspiracy to Corrupt contrary to section 1 of the Criminal Law Act 1977. The alleged offences are said to have taken place between 1 June 2000 and 30 November 2006 and concern large transport projects in India, Poland and Tunisia.”
+According to the release, “the SFO investigation commenced as a result of information provided to the SFO by the Office of the Attorney General in Switzerland concerning the Alstom Group, in particular Alstom Network UK Ltd.”
+I inquired with the SFO press office regarding any original source charging documents and was informed as follows. ”Beyond our press release today, the nearest date for documents likely to be made available would be the charge sheet at the first court hearing – presently arranged for 9 September, at Westminster Magistrates’ Court.”
+As readers likely know, since April 2013 the DOJ has charged four individuals associated with Alstom Power Inc., a subsidiary of Alstom, in connection with an alleged bribery scheme involving the Tarahan coal-fired steam power plant project in Indonesia. (See more below for a recent guilty plea).
+As was the case in the U.S. – U.K. enforcement action against BAE (see here for the prior post) there may have been and/or currently is turf war issues between the agencies as to which agency is going to prosecute alleged conduct occurring in various countries.
+Speaking of the DOJ action against various individuals associated with Alstom Power, last week, the DOJ announced that William Pomponi, a former vice president of regional sales at Alstom Power, pleaded guilty to a criminal information charging him with conspiracy to violate the FCPA in connection with the awarding of the Tarahan power project in Indonesia.
+Assistant Attorney General Leslie R. Caldwell stated:
+“The Criminal Division of the Department of Justice will follow evidence of corruption wherever it leads, including into corporate boardrooms and corner offices. As this case demonstrates, we will hold both companies and their executives responsible for criminal conduct.”
+As noted in the DOJ release:
+“Pomponi is the fourth defendant to plead guilty to charges stemming from this investigation. Frederic Pierucci, the vice president of global boiler sales at Alstom, pleaded guilty on July 29, 2013, to one count of conspiracy to violate the FCPA and one count of violating the FCPA; and, David Rothschild, a former vice president of regional sales at Alstom Power Inc., pleaded guilty to conspiring to violate the FCPA on Nov. 2, 2012. Marubeni Corporation, Alstom’s consortium partner on the Tarahan project, pleaded guilty on March 19, 2014, to one count of conspiracy to violate the FCPA and seven counts of violating the FCPA, and was sentenced to pay a criminal fine of $88 million. FCPA and money laundering charges remain pending against Lawrence Hoskins, the former senior vice president for the Asia region for Alstom, and trial is scheduled for June 2, 2015.”
+See here for the original post highlighting the enforcement action against the individuals associated with Alstom and here for the original post regarding the Marubeni enforcement action.
+Scrutiny Alerts and Updates
+SEC Enforcement Action Against Former Magyar Telekom Executives
+“The SEC has slimmed down its FCPA case against three former Magyar Telekom PLC executives, dropping claims they bribed government officials in Montenegro, according to a new complaint … The amended complaint alleged former Magyar CEO Elek Straub and two other former executives, Andras Balogh and Tamas Morvai, authorized bribe payments to government officials in the Republic of Macedonia in exchange for regulations designed to hurt a competitor. The SEC, in its initial complaint in December 2011, had also alleged the defendants engaged in a second bribery scheme in Montenegro. The agency said in a July 14 court filing that it would “continue to pursue the same legal causes of action alleged in its original complaint,” but without the claims related to Montenegro. The SEC previously advised the court and defense attorneys in January 2014 of its intention to narrow the suit.”
+Interesting, isn’t it, what happens when the SEC is put to its burden of proof.
+Kowalewski Pleads Guilty
+“Bernd Kowalewski, the former President and CEO of BizJet, pleaded guilty … to conspiracy to violate the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and a substantive violation of the FCPA in connection with a scheme to pay bribes to officials in Mexico and Panama in exchange for those officials’ assistance in securing contracts for BizJet to perform aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul services.”
+Assistant Attorney General Leslie Caldwell stated:
+“The former CEO of BizJet, Bernd Kowalewski, has become the third and most senior Bizjet executive to plead guilty to bribing officials in Mexico and Panama to get contracts for aircraft services..”
+U.S. Attorney Danny Williams (N.D. Okla.) stated:
+“I commend the investigators and prosecutors who worked together across borders and jurisdictions to vigorously enforce the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Partnership is a necessity in all investigations. By forging and strengthening international partnerships to combat bribery, the Department of Justice is advancing its efforts to prevent crime and to protect citizens.”
+See here and here for posts regarding the 2012 DOJ enforcement action against BizJet and here and here for the 2013 DOJ enforcement action against Kowalewski and others associated with BizJet.
+Cilins Sentenced
+As noted in this prior post, in April 2013 the DOJ announced (here) that “Frederic Cilins a French citizen, has been arrested and accused of attempting to obstruct an ongoing investigation into whether a mining company paid bribes to win lucrative mining rights in the Republic of Guinea.” The Criminal Complaint charged Cilins with one count of tampering with a witness, victim, or informant; one count of obstruction of a criminal investigation; and one count of destruction, alteration, and falsification of records in a federal investigation. Cilins was linked to Guernsey-based BSG Resources Ltd and in March 2014 the DOJ announced that Cilins pleaded guilty “to obstructing a federal criminal investigation into whether a mining company paid bribes to win lucrative mining rights in the Republic of Guinea.” (See this prior post).
+Last week, the DOJ announced that Cilins was sentenced to 24 months in prison. In the DOJ release, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara said:
+“Frederic Cilins went to great lengths to thwart a Manhattan federal grand jury’s investigation into an alleged bribery scheme in the Republic of Guinea. In an effort to prevent the federal authorities from learning the truth, Cilins paid a witness for her silence and to destroy key documents. Today, Cilins learned that no one can manipulate justice.”
+Assistant Attorney General Leslie Caldwell said:
+“Cilins offered to bribe a witness in an FCPA investigation to stop the witness from talking to the FBI. Today’s sentence holds Cilins accountable for his effort to undermine the integrity of our justice system, and sends a message that those who interfere with federal investigations will be prosecuted and sent to prison.”
+FBI Assistant Director-in-Charge George Venizelos said:
+“Cilins obstructed the efforts of the FBI during the course of this investigation. His guilty plea and sentence demonstrate our shared commitment with the release, Cilins was also ordered to pay a fine of $75,000 and to forfeit $20,000.
+GSK
+. [...] GSK has been rocked by corruption allegations since last July, when Chinese authorities accused it of funneling center.”
+Separately, this Reuters article states that the U.K. SFO ”is working with authorities in China in a first for such Anglo-Chinese cooperation as it carries out its own investigation into alleged corruption at GSK.” The article quotes SFO Director David Green as follows: ”Certainly, so far as I am aware it is the first time we have had cooperation with the Chinese on an SFO case.”
+Separately, in the U.S. this Wall Street Journal article states:
+“Federal Bureau of Investigation agents have been interviewing current and former GSK employees in connection with bribery allegations made against the drug maker in China, according to a person familiar with the matter, as fresh claims of corruption surfaced against Glaxo’s operations in Syria. The interviews have taken place in Washington, D.C., in the past few months and are part of a Justice Department investigation into GSK’s activities in China, the person added. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission also is investigating the company’s business in China, according to people familiar with the matter.”
+Key Energy Services
+The company stated as follows in its Second Quarter 2014 Update and Earnings Release.
+“Pre-tax expenses of approximately $5 million were incurred in connection with the previously disclosed Foreign Corrupt Practices Act investigations.”
+Nominate
+If FCPA Professor adds value to your practice or business or otherwise enlightens your day and causes you to contemplate the issues in a more sophisticated way, please consider nominating FCPA Professor for the ABA Journal’s Blawg 100 list (see here).
+Double Standard
+Beginning in 2009, I began writing about the “double standard” and how – despite the similarities between the FCPA and 18 USC 201 (the domestic bribery statute) – a U.S. company’s interaction with a “foreign official” is subject to more scrutiny and different standards than interaction with a U.S. official. Since 2009, approximately 30 posts have appeared under the “double standard” subject matter tag.
+Against this backdrop, I was happy to see another individual tackle the same general topic. See here from the Global AntiCorruption Blog – “Is U.S. Campaign Finance Law More Permissive of Corruption Than the FCPA?”
+Quotable
+In this Corporate Crime Reporter interview, former U.S. Attorney Neil MacBride (E.D. Va.) says the following regarding the use of non-prosecution and deferred prosecution agreements: “The Department now has the ability to reach more ambiguous conduct where it might be more difficult to prove a criminal conviction in court.”
+Wait a minute!
+If the conduct is ambiguous and the DOJ would have a difficult time to prove a criminal conviction in court, there should be no non-prosecution or deferred prosecution agreement. Period. End of story. The rule of law commands such a result.
+Reading Stack
+Over at the FCPA Compliance & Ethics blog, Tom Fox recently published a three-part series on M&A issues and the FCPA. See Part I, Part II, and Part III.
+Sherman & Sterling’s mid-year FCPA Digest, including its “Trends and Patterns” is here. Among the trends and patterns:
+“Recent paper victories by the SEC could be perceived as setbacks in the Commission’s actions against
+individual defendants; and
+The SEC has continued its practice of pursuing its theory of strict liability against a parent corporation
+for the acts of its corporate subsidiaries.”
+Kudos to Sherman & Sterling for adopting the “core” approach to keeping FCPA statistics. (See here for the prior post regarding my suggested “core” approach). The Digest states:
+“We count all actions against a corporate “family” as one action. Thus, if the DOJ charges a subsidiary and the SEC charges a parent issuer, that counts as one action. In addition, we count as a “case” both filed enforcement actions (pleas, deferred prosecution agreements, and complaints) and other resolutions such as non-prosecution agreements that include enforcement-type aspects, such as financial penalties, tolling of the statute of limitations, and compliance requirements.”
+The most recent edition of Miller & Chevalier’s FCPA Update is here. Debevoise & Plimpton’s always informative FCPA Update is here and Mayer Brown’s FCPA mid-year update is here.
+Warning, the enforcement statistics cited in certain of the above updates will cause confusion because they do not adopt the “core” approach.
+*****
+A good weekend to all.
+Anker PowerPort Atom PD 4 100W A2041 Teardown Review
+We did a quick hands-on review of the Anker PowerPort Atom PD 4 charger a few weeks ago. It supports a maximum of 100W PD charging and has 2A2C four ports. But no ChargerLAB review is complete without a teardown review. So, let's take an inside look of this brand new desktop charger.
+I Unboxing
+Classic ANKER package design featuring a clean white box with blue accents. have the same PDO reading.
+III Teardown
+Pry open the gray output port cover which uses clips to snap into the body. A design that enables non-destructive opening.
+The upper and lower casings are ultrasonically welded and can be opened by force.
+There are two self-tapping screws on the side of the PCBA output end that are fixed to the bottom case.
+At the other end of the PCBA, a large amount of white glue is filled between the gaps of the outer casing to fix and conduct heat.
+Open the case, we can see the front of the PCBA is covered by a large heat sink, and there are two shock absorbing sponges on the heat sink.
+After removing the two fixing screws and cleaning up the glue, we can see there is also a large heat sink covering the primary circuit on the back of the PCBA.
+Removing the large heat sink on the front of the PCBA, there is also a small heat sink on the secondary part, and there is a thermal pad on the transformer.
+Under the small heat sink are two small PCBAs connected using a thermal pad.
+Another small PCBA and transformer, PFC inductor, and rectifier bridge stack have thermal pads to make close contact with the main heat sink.
+There are three heat sinks fixed by screws on the three primary switching tubes.
+The silicone thermal conductive strip on the other secondary output plate which contacts with the main heat sink.
+Remove the secondary small heat sink to reveal two output PCBAs, there is a large amount of white glue between the gaps.
+Remove the silicone thermal conductive strip and clean up the white glue so we can have a clear view of the PCBA. The upper part has a plurality of output leads is the switching transformer BCK-10-007T, and the lower part is the BCK-10-010T PFC inductor.
+The back of the PCBA after removing the heat sink. The left side is the secondary low-voltage output part, the right side is the primary high-voltage part, the isolation area is wide enough with hollow-out slots and an insulation sheet to strengthen the isolation. The PFC inductor and the switch transformer part have heat dissipation holes.
+PCBA primary high voltage part, the main components are two ICs and a feedback optocoupler.
+Three white LLC resonant NPO capacitors in parallel connection, which are generally used in higher-end wireless chargers. They have excellent value stability under temperature variations, suitable for high frequency applications with low loss and better energy efficiency. Applications here require a withstand voltage of up to 630V.
+TEA19162 PFC controller from NXP for boosting the rectified and filtered voltage.
+Detailed specifications of the NXP TEA19162.
+TEA19161T the LLC controller, teams with the TEA19162 to form a switching power supply with APFC to improve the power conversion efficiency.
+Detailed specifications of the NXP TEA19161T.
+TCLT1007, wide pitch high isolation patch optocoupler.
+NXP TEA1995 synchronous rectification controller on the secondary side.
+Detailed specifications of the NXP TEA1995.
+NXP's GreenChip power solution, the new TEA1916+TEA1995 platform offers very high efficiency over the entire load range, especially at light loads of 10-30% -- easily meeting energy efficiency regulations including Energy Star v6, CoC tier 2, 80+ platinum and EuP Iot6. The TEA1916 additionally features low no-load power below 75mW, meeting and exceeding requirements of Energy STAR, DoE, CoC tier 2, etc. The LLC resonant topology also makes it easier to meet Common Mode Noise requirements and 200% peak power requirements when compared to a flyback topology.
+Reference circuit diagram of the TEA19161+TEA19162+TEA1995T solution.
+Two Infineon synchronous rectifier MOS tube BSC076N06NS3 G, the parameters are 60V, 50A, 7.6mΩ.
+Detailed specifications of the Infineon BSC076N06NS3 G.
+Two Infineon MOS tubes BSZ086N03NS3 G, for USB-C1 output VBUS switch, parameters are 30V, 40A, 8.6mΩ.
+Two Infineon MOS tubes BSZ086N03NS3 G, for USB-C2 output VBUS switch, parameters are 30V, 40A, 8.6mΩ.
+Infineon MOS tube BSZ086N03NS3 G, teams with R005 current-sense resistor and other circuits as the USB-A2 output VBUS overcurrent protection switch.
+Detailed specifications of the Infineon BSZ086N03NS3 G.
+The 6-pin IC with SEG lettering is TI's INA199B2DCKR current detection chip for overcurrent protection of the USB-C1 output port.
+Detailed specifications of the TI INA199B2DCKR.
+The USB-C2 output port also uses a TI INA199B2DCKR current-sensing chip.
+Detailed specifications of the TI INA199B2DCKR.
+The chip with 1101 lettering is the TCP1101 current-limiting chip from Chengyi Semiconductors. It supports a custom current limit point and has a built-in 16mΩ ultra-low on-resistance MOS tube in an ultra-small SOT23-6L package.
+Detailed specifications of the Chengyi TCP1101.
+The chip with CYPD4225 lettering is the CCG4 USB PD controller IC from Cypress. The SOT23 packaged chip on the right side with V3RD lettering is a voltage regulator from Nanjing Micro One Electronics, which supplies power for CCG4. Protective Case.
+Regulator tube from Nanjing Micro One Electronics in SOT23 package and V1R1 lettering.
+Two intelligent identification chips for USB-A port, the CellWise CW3002G. As seen on the ANKER PowerCore 10000 PD Power Bank (A1235).
+Now, let's look at the details on the front of the PCBA:
+Top view of the secondary section. There are two USB-C output port boards, one LED power indicator board, three step-down boards, two USB-A sockets, and three common mode inductors. Each of the three step-down small plates has a large inductive coil with multi-strand winding, which is insulated by a double-layer heat-shrinkable tube. There are two horizontally mounted, solid capacitors wrapped by heat shrink tubing between the two buck boards.
+The two solid capacitors wrapped by heat-shrink tubing are 100μF, 35V, and are used for input filtering for the voltage conversion boards.
+An electrolytic capacitor and three solid capacitors with a withstand voltage of 35V, two 470μF and one 100μF, are used for input filtering of the two USB-C input circuits.
+An electrolytic capacitor from Acon, 1000μF 16V.
+The LED power indicator board and two USB-C output boards are soldered vertically to the main PCBA. Black foam is placed around the LED to avoid light leakage.
+The two USB-C output boards are the same.
+There are two MOS and diode components on the back of each USB-C output board. There are no components on the back of the LED power indicator board.
+The VBUS switch MOS on the back of the output port board is the AON2408 from AOS, the parameters are 20V, 8A.
+Detailed specifications of the AOS AON2408.
+Remove the rectifier bridge stack, there are three primary switching tubes, three step-down small plates, and a horizontally mounted solid capacitor.
+Three Infineon IPA60R120P7 MOS tubes and a 15A 1000V rectifier bridge stack. The two MOSs with a slightly larger heat sink are the LLC main switch tubes, and the smaller one is the APFC boost tube which has a withstand voltage of 650V and a conduction resistance of 120mΩ, effectively reduces the temperature rise and improves the efficiency and power density.
+Detailed specifications of the Infineon IPA60R120P7.
+Remove the three MOS transistors and the primary PCBA portion of the rectifier bridge stack, we can see the PFC boost diode on the left side of the two primary capacitors.
+Multiple CX capacitors, common mode inductors, and differential mode inductors form a complete EMI filter network.
+In order to improve space utilization, the yellow CX capacitor is mounted using a three-dimensional installation, and a common mode inductor is hidden underneath.
+Time-delay fuse, 5A 250V in reddish brown color.
+Primary filter electrolytic capacitor, 33μF, 450V, from Acon.
+Two 33μF 450V high voltage electrolytic capacitors are connected in parallel.
+Acon electrolytic capacitor, 22μF, 50V.
+Acon electrolytic capacitor, 22μF, 50V.
+Acon electrolytic capacitor, 47μF, 50V. Three small-capacity electrolytic capacitors are used here for powering two primary power ICs.
+The secondary part after removing some of the components.
+Infineon MOS tube BSZ086N03NS3 G, teams with R005 current-sense resistor and current detection chip INA199B2DCKR to constitute a USB-A output overcurrent protection switch.
+The 8 lead wires of the switching transformer are covered with a Teflon sleeve.
+Another Chengyi Semiconductors TCP1101 current-limiting chip.
+Another TI INA199B2DCKR current-sensing chip.
+A layer of copper foil traces can be seen in the middle of the PCB.
+Three boost boards, the one on the left is used for two USB-A ports, and the two USB-C interface small boards on the right are exactly the same, which are used for two USB-C ports.
+The back of the three buck boards are roughly the same, the chips are exactly the same, and the individual RC components are slightly different.
+Two different boards. The left one is for the USB-A port while the right one is for the USB-C port.
+Board for the USB-A port.
+Board for the USB-C port. Two BSC0702LS FETs from Infinoen, 60V/84A, 100°C/2.7mΩ, used as external synchronous rectifier switches for buck chips.
+Southchip SC8001 synchronous buck controller chip.
+All the components.
+IV.
+It can be seen from out in-depth teardown that this power bank features NXP's GreenChip power solution, the new TEA1916+TEA1995 platform which offers low static loss, low voltage ripple, high transient response and high efficiency. The whole system adopts high quality components such as Infineon Power MOS and Acon capacitors.
+The charger adopts a secondary buck design. Two USB-A ports share one buck module, while the two USB-C ports each equipped with one buck module. The three DC-DC buck modules all adopt the Southchip SC8001 synchronous buck controller IC. In terms of protocols, the two USB-C ports use Cypress dual-port USB Type-C PD controller EZ-PD CCG4, and the two USB-A ports all implement CellWise CW3002G for 5V/2.4A protocol.
+As a result, the Anker PowerPort Atom PD 4 100W is capable of charging phones, tablets, as well as laptops with high energy efficiency and great compatibility.
+Pros:
+USB-C and USB-A ports covering all charging needs.
+USB-C PD with 100W max charging power.
+Minimalistic design and high quality components.
+Cons:
+Expensive (100 USD).
+Source: chongdiantou
+Wow, that's a detailed teardown, just waiting for availability, Any idea?
+Any news of other multiple port units? I could really use a 4 type-c port one capable of 45w on each port simultaneously.
+@Adrian： It is available at some online retailers (Taobao.com) in China, but I am not sure when it will be available in the US or other countries. Yes, we are reviewing other multiport units, so stay tuned~
+de Audley), Edmund NOBILITY MEDIEVAL1.htm
+WILLIAM Longespee (before 1209-killed in battle Mansurah 7 Feb 1250). The Book of Lacock names “Guillelmus Longespe secundus… Ricardum… Stephanum… Nicholaum” as the sons of “Guillelmus Longespe ex…Ela”, adding that William died on Crusade in 1249[1339]. Matthew of Paris records him as the son of "Hela"[1340]. Sometimes known as 2nd Earl of Salisbury, but never so created. He left England on the crusade of Louis IX King of France in 1249, Matthew of Paris specifying that he received the blessing of "matris suæ nobilis" (though without giving his mother's name)[1341]. His death is recorded by Matthew of Paris[1342].
+m (contract 1216) IDOINE de Camville, daughter & heiress of RICHARD de Camville & his wife Eustache Basset (-[1 Jan 1250/1/21 Sep 1252]). The Book of Lacock names “Idonea Candoill (esset Camvile)” as wife of “Guill Lungespee secundus”[1343].
+Sir William & his wife had four children:
+a) WILLIAM Longespee (-[Dec 1256/Jan 1257]). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric´um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1344]. He died from injuries received in a tournament at Blyth, Nottinghamshire 4 Jun 1256. m ([1254]) as her first husband, MATILDA de Clifford, daughter and heiress of WALTER de Clifford of Clifford Castle, Herefordshire & his wife Margaret of Wales (-[Dec 1282/9 May 1285]). The Book of Lacock names “Matildam filiam d´ni Walteri de Clifford” as wife of “Guill. Lungespee tertius, filius Guill. Lungespee secundi”[1345]. "Walterus de Clifford filius Walteri de Clifford et Agnetis de Cundy" donated land in Cofham to Acornbury priory, Herefordshire, also donated by "Katherinæ filiæ Walteri de Lacy", for the souls of “Margaretæ uxoris meæ et dominæ Mathildis filiæ meæ” by undated charter[1346]. “Matildis de Lungespe, filia et hæres domini Walteri de Clifford” confirmed donations of property to Shrewsbury abbey, by “patris mei…Walterus de Clifford filius Walteri de Clifford, et Agnetis de Cundy” witnessed by “Egidio de Clifford fratre meo”, by undated charter[1347]. She married secondly (1271) Sir John Giffard, later 1st Lord Giffard of Brimpsfield. “Johannes Giffard dominus de Brimesfeild” donated property to Gloucester College, Oxford, for the soul of “Matildæ Longespee, quondam consortis meæ”, by undated charter, witnessed by “domino Johanne Giffard consanguineo meo”[1348].
+b) RICHARD Longespee (-shortly before 27 Dec 1261). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric´um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1351]. Canon of Sarum. m ALICE le Rus, daughter of ---.
+c) ELA Longespee (-shortly before 22 Nov 1299). The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric´um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife, adding that Ela married “Jacobus de Audele”[1352]. m (1244) JAMES de Audley of Heleigh, Staffordshire, son of HENRY de Aldithley & his wife Bertred Mainwaring ([1220]-11 Jun [1272]).
+d) EDMUND Longespee . The Book of Lacock names “Guill Lungespee tertium, Ric´um, Elam et Edmundum” as the children of “Guill Lungespee secundus” & his wife[1353].
+William II Longespée (1212?-1250), who was sometimes called Earl of Salisbury but never legally bore the title because he died before his mother, Countess Ela, who held the earldom until her death in 1161.
+a. He received the earldom of Salisbury and the marriage of Ela by Richard I in 1196. He was with that King in Normandy, 1196-98, and was present at John's coronation 27 May 1199. He served as Sheriff of Wiltshire from 1199-1202, 1203-1207, and from 1215 until his death. In 1202 he was on a diplomatic mission to France, one of an escort of Llewelyn to a meeting with King John at Worcester in 1204, escorted William the Lion, King of Scots, to his meeting with King John at York in Nov 1206, and headed an embassy in Mar 1209 to the prelates and princes of Germany. He was keeper of the castle of Avranches in 1204, Keeper of the March of Wales in 1209, keeper of Dover Castle, and accompanied the King in his expedition to Ireland in 1210. In May 1213 he was preparing an expedition, of which he was joint commander, to aid the Count of Flanders against France, and in 1214, as Marshal of the King of England, he commanded combined forces which recovered almost all of Flanders for the Count. But on 27 Jul 1214, he and the Counts of Boulogne and Flanders were captured at the battle of Bouvines, his release being negotiated in Feb 1214/15. He was with the King at Runnymeade iin 1215, but when King Louis entered Winchester in mid-1216, he surrendered Salisbury Castle to him, whereupon his lands were seized by 20 August. He had returned to his allegiance before 7 Mar 1216/17, when his lands were restored. He served as sheriff of Somerset and Devon 1216-17, and received a grant of Sherborne Castle and the co. of Somerset in that same year. He was with the Earl Marshal at the relief of Lincoln, and with Hubert de Burgh in the victory over the French fleet off Thanet, and was one of the guarantors of the truce with Louis at Lambeth. In Oct 1223, he was with the King in the successful expedition against Llewelyn, and in 1224 was keeper of the castles of Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury, as well as Sheriff of Salop and Staffordshire 1223-24. In 1225 he went with the young Earl of Cornwall, as supervisory commander, on a successful expedition to Gascony, and having remained active his entire life, died early the following year. Widow Ela was required to surrender Salisbury in Mar 1225/26, but the co. of Wiltshire was granted her "during her pleasure" 22 Jan 1226/27. She founded Lacock Abbey 1229 where she took the veil in 1238, and was Abbess, 1240-57.
+b. First son and heir, he was a minor at his father's death. He took part in the King's expedition to Brittany in 1230, and was knighted by the King at Gloucester 1233. Shortly after, he was with the King at Grosmont in his unsuccessful expedition against the recalcitrant barons in the West, and in 1237-38 made an unsuccessful claim, by hereditary right, to gain custody of Salisbury Castle. In 1236, he had taken the Cross, and went on Crusade from Jun 1240 to eary 1242. In 1242-1243 he took part in the expedition to France, and in 1245 was on service in Wales. In 1247 he again took the Cross and as leader of the English Crusaders, he died, fighting heroically, at Mansura on the Nile, and was later buried at Acre in Palestine.
+Sir William II Longespée (c. 1212 – 8 February, 1250) was the son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, an English noble. His death became of significant importance to the English psyche, having died as a martyr due to the purported mistakes, and arrogance, of the French at the Battle of Mansurah, near Al-Mansurah in Egypt.
+Longespee made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1240, and again in 1247. The second time, he proceeded to Rome and made a plea to Pope Innocent IV for support:
+"Sir, you see that I am signed with the cross and am on my journey with the King of France to fight in this pilgrimage. My name is great and of note, viz., William Longespee, but my estate is slender, for the King of England, my kinsman and liege lord, hath bereft me of the title of earl and of that estate, but this he did judiciously, and not in displeasure, and by the impulse of his will; therefore I do not blame him for it. Howbeit, I am necessitated to have recourse to your holiness for favour, desiring your assistance in this distress. We see here (quoth he) that Earl Richard (of Cornwall) who, though he is not signed with the cross, yet, through the especial grace of your holiness, he hath got very much money from those who are signed, and therefore, I, who am signed and in want, do intreat the like favour."[1]
+Having succeeded in gaining the favour of the Pope, Longespee raised a company of 200 English horse to join with Louis IX on his crusade. To raise funds for his expedition, he sold a charter of liberties to the burgesses of the town of Poole in 1248 for 70 marks.[2] During the Seventh Crusade, Longespee commanded the English forces. He became widely known for his feats of chivalry and his subsequent martyrdom. The circumstances of his death served to fuel growing English animosity toward the French; it is reported that the French Count d'Artois lured Longespee into attacking the Mameluks before the forces of King Louis IX arrived in support. Robert d'Artois, William II Longespee and his men, along with 280 Knights Templar, were killed at this time.
+It is said that his mother, Abbess Ela Longespee, had a vision of the martyr being received into heaven by angels just one day prior to his death. In 1252, the Sultan delivered Longespee's remains to a messenger who conveyed them to Acre (Akko) for burial at the church of St. Cross. However, his effigy is found amongst family members at Salisbury Cathedral, in England.
+Marriage and issue
+William married Idoine de Camville, daughter of Richard de Camville & Eustacia Basset. They had two sons and two daughters:
+References
+1.^ Dodsworth, William (1814). An historical account of the episcopal see, and cathedral church, of Sarum, or Salisbury. Salisbury: Brodie and Dowding. pp. 192–193..
+2.^ "History Of Poole". Borough of Poole. 2009.. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
+The Times Kings & Queens of The British Isles, by Thomas Cussans (chart's 30 & 86) ISBN 0-0071-4195-5
+Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines 30-27 and 122-30
+Retrieved from ""
+--------------------
+born about 1212 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+died 7 February 1249/50 Al-Mansura On The Nile, Egypt
+buried Acre, Palestine
+father:
+born about 1173 England
+died 7 March 1225/26 England
+buried Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+mother:
+born about 1191 Amesbury, Wiltshire, England
+died 24 August 1261 Lacock, Wiltshire, England
+buried Lacock Abbey, Lacock, Wiltshire, England
+married 1198 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+siblings:
+Ela Longespee born 1217 Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, England
+died 1297 England buried Oseney Abbey, Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
+Richard Longespee Canon of Salisbury born about 1214 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+died Lacock, Wiltshire, England
+died 1260 Sutton, Northamptonshire, England buried Lacock, Wiltshire, England
+Nicholas Longespee born about 1218 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+died 1297 England buried Ladies Chapel Cathedral, England
+Isabel Longespee born about 1208 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England died 1248
+Ida (Idonea) Longespee born about 1222 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England died 1269/70
+Ela Longespee Countess of Warwick born about 1220 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England died February 1297
+Lora Longespee born about 1224 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+Petronella Longespee born 1209 Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+spouse:
+born about 1209 Brattleby, Lincolnshire, England
+died 1 January 1251
+married June 1226
+children:
+William Longespee born about 1228 Amesbury, Wiltshire, England
+died about January 1257 Blyth, Nottinghamshire, England buried Cathedral, Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
+biographical and/or anecdotal:
+notes or source:
+LDS
+William Longspree Knt., son of William Longspree,Knt, and Ela.
+1249 his mother Ela gave licence ,formal licence, to him to depart on a crusade.
+1250 he was with other knights who were along with the Templars.betrayed by the King of France and were captured and killed by Saladin,in Egypt.
+The night before the battle his mother had a vision of him fully armed entering heaven.
+Years latter Saladin,returned his body to England. When they opened the coffin a rat crawled out of his skull!
+references:
+Plantagenet Ancestry by Douglas Richardson
+The Royal Ancestry of 600 Hundred Emergents
+Sir William II Longespée, long sword in French, (c. 1212 – 8 February 1250) was the son of William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, and Ela, 3rd Countess of Salisbury. His death became of significant importance to the English psyche, having died as a martyr due to the purported mistakes of the French at the Battle of Mansurah, near Al-Mansurah in Egypt.
+Problem/Motivation
+Splitting this out from #2608062: [policy, no patch] Pre-requisites for opening Drupal 9 since it's a fairly large change from previous major release cycles.
+A couple of weeks ago I did some serious triage of the Drupal 9 queue. Between moving some longstanding feature addition/removals to the ideas queue, marking a few things duplicate, and moving a lot of issues that were abandoned in 2013 and 2014 in 8.x code freezes and betas back to 8.x due to eligibility for minor releases, we're now down to a grand total of around a dozen issues.
+What's remaining falls into the following categories:
+1. Removing backwards compatibility layers that have been added to 8.x
+2. A small number of minor impact, medium-to-large disruption @internal API changes which don't seem worth doing in a minor release (for example #2346093: Remove views module weight or #2799911: Make the Connection parameter the first parameter in Select Query Builder.
+3. Actual public API breaks, which are either hard to do in minor releases or haven't been triaged back to 8.x yet.
+Between our reasonably loose bc policy for minor releases, our slowly improving mechanisms for providing bc for various kinds of changes, and the ability to provide completely new functionality in minor releases via experimental modules, it should be possible to do the vast majority of change we used to do in major releases in minor releases.
+#2608062: [policy, no patch] Pre-requisites for opening Drupal 9 outlines several problems we've had with previous major releases, and proposes doing more work before opening the branch to mitigate them.
+There are other issues once major versions are released though:
+1. Divergence from the previous major branch means that contrib modules have to go through multi-week or multi-month porting cycles before they're stable.
+2. While new sites start getting built soon after release to at least some extent, existing sites often wait years to upgrade - as evidenced by the still fairly sticky 10,000 5.x sites, 100,000 6.x sites and 1,000,000 7.x sites reporting back to Drupal.org. The migration path to 8.x isn't the only part of this, otherwise those 5.x/6.x sites would have migrated to 7.x by now.
+3. This then results in some sites never upgrading. Either they move away from Drupal, or they skip a major release or three.
+4. 7.x spent about a year after release to get to a working upgrade path with no critical bugs. 8.x doesn't have stable upgrade paths from 6.x or 7.x yet either. So even if people wanted to migrate, they can't without a lot of extra work at the moment.
+Proposed resolution
+Attempt to offer a continuous upgrade path between major versions. See-... for how Symfony does it, although they don't have some problems that we do, like needing to worry about content entities etc.
+This means:
+- 8.LAST.x comes out at the same time (or within a month) of 9.0.x
+- Relative to 8.LAST.x, 9.0.x only:
+- Removes deprecations
+- Makes @internal API changes that are technically eligible for a minor but we'd prefer not to do in a minor.
+- There may be cases where there's a necessary API change which absolutely cannot be made without a bc break between majors (i.e. via creating a parallel API and deprecating the old one). Should such a case come up, this would need to be discussed case by case as to whether it could be included.
+- We add a feature to support a more flexible core compatibility, so that contrib and custom modules can work with both 8.x and 9.x without branching.
+- 9.1.x starts the process again until we reach 10.0.x
+The benefits of this are:
+1. New sites can immediately use 9.0.x - 99.9% of modules should 'just work'
+2. Existing sites should be able to update from 8.LAST.x to 9.0.x with minimally more work than between minor releases. There might be exceptions if they're using a deprecated module (like blog from 7.x-8.x) but the removed module in contrib would at least run on the new version.
+3. Due to this, 6.x and 7.x sites should be able to migrate to 8.x towards the end of the 8.x cycle, in the knowledge that they'll be able to quickly hop from there to 9.x, rather than immediately be on another obsolescent release with another chasm of an upgrade path.
+4. Contrib maintainers can do a small port every six months, and never a massive port if they don't want to.
+5. Once we get to the 9.x-10.x transition, apart from any remaining sticky 6.x or 7.x sites, the bulk of Drupal sites will be able to keep up with each major release. This could allow us to do scheduled major releases as well as minor ones (Symfony just started doing this with a two year cycle).
+The drawbacks are:
+1. Some things will be hard or impossible to provide bc layers for - however we've not found those yet. Even in those cases, it should usually be possible to build a completely parallel system and leave the old one in place.
+2. Major versions are no longer 'big bang' releases - this is also a benefit though.
+Comment #2Crell CreditAttribution: Crell at Platform.sh commented
+As a general approach this makes sense to me, for the reasons given. However, PHP is a fast enough moving ecosystem, as is the web itself, that I am 100% certain we will still want/need to have "tectonic shift" changes in the future. There's also definitely places where we have, and will, done something badly that we need to fix at an API level. We absolutely do *not* want to do 15 of them at the same time again :-), but we should make sure we leave ourselves the option to still make 1-2 big-break changes in those cases where it's appropriate and needed.
+Comment #3catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+So two things with this:
+1. If we can do them by building a new system from scratch parallel to the existing one, then it's not inconsistent with a 'continuous update policy'. Wouldn't be easy but in many cases would be possible.
+2. If #1 fails then there might be a need for a hard break - but we might decide to schedule those for every other release or similar (and work on them in feature branches before opening the main branch at all). I really want to see cases where #1 fails though, which means trying it first.
+Comment #4Crell CreditAttribution: Crell at Platform.sh commented
+I'm open to planned alternating "big break / small break" release, which would make Drupal 9 a Symfony-3 like release and Drupal 10 (Drupal X?) a "break a few more things but not D8 level" release. I'm OK with that, but if so we should try to communicate that as early as possible. One of the challenges early in D8's cycle is that there was zero clarity about how long a dev cycle it would be, how big it would be, if it would be a "stabilization" release as some were proposing, etc. That lack of clarity really messes with your head and made planning nigh on impossible.
+We'd probably have to decide whether parallel implementations for a major would be worth the effort case-by-case. I'm not sure what guidelines we could or should set down there, but it would be helpful to have at least some vague idea of at what point it becomes more trouble than it's worth and it's better for all to just have a clean break at some point. (I don't have a good suggestion on that yet; I'd have to think it through further.)
+Comment #5timmillwood CreditAttribution: timmillwood at Appnovation for Pfizer, Inc. commented
+This will in effect deprecate the Migrate module.
+I think this is a good approach for Drupal 9, which I think really needs to a a clean up release. However I'm not sure if it'll be viable forever. For example imagine if we wanted to rewrite the Entity API and all entity storage. This would be a monumental upgrade path, especially if you factor in all the things contrib can do with entities. However I'm not sure I can ever argue the case of not providing some sort of upgrade path.
+Maybe we should caveat this policy with "Adopt a best attempt continuous upgrade path for major version changes".
+Comment #6catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+Theoretically at least you could:
+1. Start a new entity API in a different namespace.
+2. Allow contrib to start using it
+3. Provide a migration path from the old config + storage to the new one
+4. Add new core implementations for the core entities that are opt-in for existing sites/opt-out for new ones
+5. Deprecate the old API
+6. Drop the old API
+The difference if we adopt a strict-ish continuous upgrade policy is that either 1-4 would need to happen in the 8.x branch, or 5-6 would need to happen in the 10.x branch.
+The hardest bit there is #4. A lot of the rest is largely what we did in the 8.x dev cycle with core entities, except many of these things happened in parallel.
+Comment #7larowlan CreditAttribution: larowlan at PreviousNext commented
+It is proposals and foresight like this that make me glad that @catch has keys to the kingdom. Keep it up mate.
+Comment #8Mixologic CreditAttribution: Mixologic at Drupal Association commented
++∞
+Being able to commit to Drupal and know that its not just a matter of time before I have to incur significant cost to redo everything is awesome, and the upgrade pain of the past has been a serious hurdle for many, even in the adoption phase.
+As far as techtonic shifts go, the only thing preventing us from supporting parallel systems is the parallel maintenance burden. But the cost is definitely worth the tradeoff.
+Comment #9vaplas CreditAttribution: vaplas commented
+Delicious! This is a real chance to revive Drupal!
+Comment #10xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+I think this is a misunderstanding. This issue is about the code upgrade path, not the data upgrade path. However, this issue's best practice with D8 sources will also ensure a more continuous migration path for data. So it does not deprecate Migrate; they complement each other.
+Comment #11xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+Comment #12catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+Yes it doesn't preclude a hard break for data if we had to. You'd have an 8.x install, you install 9.x + modules, migrate 8.x to 9.x. This is part of the idea of having the 8-8 sources ready before 9.x is open in #2608062: [policy, no patch] Pre-requisites for opening Drupal 9.
+For example say we added a completely new and optional version of forum module using a custom entity for both OP and replies instead of nodes and comments (not suggesting we do, pure example) to 8.x - we'd probably hide the old forum module from the UI in 8.x but it can't be removed, just deprecated.
+We then offer an 8-8 migration path from old-forum to new-forum - but that's optional for existing 8.x sites. When 9.x is opened, old-forum module is git rm -rf but the sources and destination are in place. Therefore you have to migrate from 8.x-9.x if you haven't already switched during the 8.x cycle.
+The difference is twofold though:
+1. Any contrib modules/themes extending/working with forum module have had the time to update to work with the new module before 9.0.0 is released.
+2. Sites built on 8.x using the new forum module don't have to run that migration to 9.x (or it'll be a no-op at least), only ones using old-forum from before it was deprecated.
+If you have custom code working with old-forum, you might end up porting that as part of the move 9.x, which might be some work - but we've given the option for you to do that during the 8.x cycle, and it's your custom code that you didn't keep up-to-date that's blocking you from moving, not every single Drupal contrib module that exists definitely being broken until at least 9.0.0-betasomething.
+Comment #13effulgentsia CreditAttribution: effulgentsia at Acquia commented
+We discussed this on a call with @catch, @xjm, @Dries, @alexpott, @webchick, and @cilefen, and we're +1 to this proposal, except in terms of adopting and communicating this as an official decision, we want to make sure to leave room for the possible exception.
+From the issue summary:
+From #3:
++1 to attempting this, but the issue summary's proposed resolution, as currently worded, doesn't leave room for discovering a case where building a completely parallel system and leaving the old one in place fails. So, I think the next step here is to update it to leave room for that possibility.
+Comment #14effulgentsia CreditAttribution: effulgentsia at Acquia commented
+Tagging and setting status per #13.
+Comment #15catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+Tried an issue-summary update, does that help?
+Comment #16effulgentsia CreditAttribution: effulgentsia at Acquia commented
+Thanks. I merged your new #5 into #2.
+Comment #17effulgentsia CreditAttribution: effulgentsia at Acquia commented
+Since my only change to the IS was in #16, and that was just moving catch's text around and minor grammar fixes, and I believe all the comments on the issue have been addressed and there've been no new comments since #16, RTBC!
+Let's leave it in the RTBC queue for at least a couple weeks before marking it Fixed to make sure it has sufficient visibility for people to raise concerns if they have any.
+Meanwhile, although per #13 this has already been +1'd by the various core committers, I'm adding each of the 3 tags, so that each one can be removed with a corresponding comment from a person of each role, either explaining why they like it, or what remaining concerns they have with it.
+Comment #18catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+One thing with the 'possible exception' is we also have #2608496: [policy, no patch] Drupal 7 (and 8) EOL timing open.
+We should consider the following:
+- once 9.0.0 is released, do we expect people to update from 7.x to 8.x or 7.x to 9.x straight away (bearing in mind some upgrade projects will be in progress when it lands)?
+- what will the impact of the continuous upgrade policy (and the reality of a continuous upgrade) be on the rate of 7.x migrations to either 8.x or 9.x? We know that people intentionally skip major versions now, being able to communicate that they don't need to, and being able to say that honestly might make a difference.
+Assuming we adopt and continue this policy for the next several major releases, once we only have versions > 8.x to worry about these questions start getting a lot less important hopefully. While there are still ~100k 6.x sites and ~1m 7.x sites around it really needs to be taken into account.
+Comment #19xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+For #18, I assume that the guarantee of continuous upgrade path is 8.x+ only. People still are encouraged to go directly from 7.x to 9.x using Migrate for data and upgrading their code the same way they have to from 7.x to 8.x. So I don't know that there's anything we need to change? Or if there is I am not clear on what it is.
+I agree with and sign off on this policy; assuming @catch does too we can remove the release manager review tag.
+Comment #20catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+I'm talking about the practicalities of upgrading real sites from 7.x to 8.x/9.x. i.e. by adopting this policy, if we're very successful it would be quite feasible to update from 7.x to the penultimate 8.x release, then the 8.x LTS, then from there to 9.0.x or 9.1.x within a total of 9-12 months or similar.
+Almost no-one would do that with 6.x/7.x/8.x due to the amount of work involved. The more we diverge from a continuous upgrade path, the less feasible this becomes and the more likely people delay 7.x to 8.x migrations to wait for 9.x, or delay 8.x to 9.x migrations to wait for 10.x. Need to remember there are 1.1 million sites without any continuous upgrade path that need to get to 8.x before the project as a whole can say it has one, this makes the context of 8.x to 9.x quite different from what 10.x to 11.x might be.
+Comment #22xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+Adding the related issues that I always look for here and never find.
+Comment #23xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+Comment #24Aki Tendo CreditAttribution: Aki Tendo commented
+I was thinking on some of the current problems with runtime assertions (I'm obsessed, sorry) and was thinking - josh this would be so easy if 5 just went away. And I had a thought,
+Could a PHP 7.0 floor be 9's marquee change, and that's it? jQuery did something similar when the decision was made to withdraw support for old IE's in 2.0 so they could optimize the code in ways old IE support prevented.
+Similarly we can get a lot of performance upticks just by dropping 5 support in 9. Also, jQuery 1 & 2 where developed in parallel for awhile - this is something to consider. And perhaps put the deprecated functionality into a backwards compatibility module? I don't know if that's practical, but it would be nice to do. In principle having each major able to at least use the previous major's modules would be nice.
+Comment #25catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+@Aki Tendo PHP 5 will likely be completely unsupported by the PHP team by the time 9.x comes out, see #2842431: [policy] Decide and document how we deal with PHP version EOL for some discussion.
+Dropping bc layers in 9.0.0 means that a fully-up-to-date 8.x module should run on 9.x . The idea is that we don't introduce new backwards compatibility breaks in 9.0.0 beyond possibly some small @internal changes that have been pushed off from minors.
+This policy as written includes a clause to allow exceptions to this in case something comes up, but the goal will be that the 9.x upgrade is about the same work as say upgrading two minor releases of 8.x (or less than that).
+Comment #26Aki Tendo CreditAttribution: Aki Tendo commented
+@catch Ok. Thanks. Being self trained I don't always get the intricacies in some of these plans but I try to. The above was a late night musing before going to bed - not fully thought out but worth musing.
+Thought though - why does 9 have to be pushed out that far? Why not just relabel everything targeted at 9 now to 10, and put 9 out as the PHP 7 floor version. Reason - I don't think it's appropriate to change minimum PHP major in a minor release. We have an infinite number of version numbers to use - why save them? If PHP 7 is the floor was the *only* difference between 9 and 8 that would be worth the major version number. Also, extended a deprecation's lifespan from 9.x to 10.x isn't going to break anything or upset anyone like the reverse would.
+Comment #27catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+So when 8.3.0 comes out, we immediately drop support for the 8.2.x branch, and this continues for every minor release.
+When 9.x support comes out, we've committed to supporting an LTS release of 8.x for some period of time, and have to decide about 7.x LTS support at that point as well.
+On top of that, .info.yml only support a single version for core compatibility, so even if 8.3.0 was renamed to 9.0.0, no contrib/custom modules or themes would be able to run on it without a new 9.x branch + that change.
+This makes a new major release a very non-trivial thing to do, even if the only thing it did was increase PHP requirements. I personally don't consider a PHP version requirement change as requiring a new major release though, we'd just need to announce and plan for it carefully (and a requirement change doesn't mean we start using 7.x-only features necessarily, mostly means we stop testing etc.).
+Comment #28alexpott CreditAttribution: alexpott at Chapter Three commented
+I've added the core deprecation policy worked on by @catch, @dawehner, @gaborhojtsy, @xjm to our handbook.
+Comment #29xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+Added a stub section to the allowed changes policy:
+Comment #30catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+Opened #2856657: Add capability for modules to specify compatibility with two+ major versions.
+Comment #31xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+I added a couple more followups we need for #2575081-44: [policy, no patch] Use E_USER_DEPRECATED in Drupal 8 minor releases as well. Then I think the last things we need here are product and framework signoff.
+Comment #32catch CreditAttribution: catch at Third and Grove commented
+I've read this clause several times from #2822727-13: [policy, no patch] Adopt a continuous API upgrade path for major version changes and the more I read it, the more it makes the overall proposal look fragile, so moving back to CNR for a bit more discussion.
+This mentions discussing things case by case, but as stated this could cover wildly different things, between doing something like changing a database API interface that might affect 50 modules vs. rewriting the form and render systems without bc for the old one, which could affect hundreds of thousands of modules once you include custom ones.
+The transition between 8.x to 9.x in practice has some very specific challenges outside this policy in the abstract, which I think we should take into consideration:
+Contrib modules are also still being ported to 8.x, if say 98% of contrib modules are able to make zero changes from 8.x-9.x (beyond what they might need to for a minor, or to catch up with previous minor deprecations), then we've not created a large backlog of work for contrib maintainers by moving to 9.x. This in turn presents zero barriers to site builders since they can theoretically upgrade from 8.x.last to 9.x.first, without every contrib module they use also needing to be individually ready.
+More concretely, the 100k+ sites still on Drupal 6 and the 1m+ sites still on Drupal 7. At time of writing, we do not support a stable upgrade path from either version to 8.x, and won't for at least another six months. This means that whenever 9.x might be released, there is likely to be a significant number of sites either fairly recently migrated to Drupal 8, in the process of migrating, or still on Drupal 6/7. Any perceived difficulty getting from 8.x to 9.x discourages people from moving from 7.x to 8.x, because they'll have to factor in another non-trivial migration again in a shorter timespan.
+On top of this we have no decision (or even much discussion) yet about when 7.x and 8.x EOL are going to be - partly again because discussing EOL of 7.x when 1m sites are on it and 100k sites are on 8.x is :/
+So for changes which we're unable to do in 9.x without a bc break, at least if we think there's any chance of broad disruption, I think we should seriously consider postponing those issues to 10.x. There are several reasons this isn't just 'postponing the pain':
+Comment #33xjm CreditAttribution: xjm at Acquia commented
+Thanks @catch. I think deciding to defer anything we really can't solve with BC to D10 is a good idea. That gives us room to really do our best to put the continuous upgrade path into practice and test our hypotheses about it. It also gives us more room to straighten out the things that are keeping people on D7 now, before we consider disrupting them again.
+I know Dries had concerns about making a commitment to something that didn't allow for adapting if things don't work or that favor procedure over discretion, but maybe the compromise of saying "Yes, but D10" instead of "No, never" to anything that we can't figure out how to do with reasonable BC will address his concerns.
+I've never smoked the Flake version and it's been quite awhile since I smoked 1792, but I found this milder in tonquin flavor than I remember 1792 being. This is a darker plug but is pretty well-behaved, with a nose of good VA beneath the rather stinky tonquin. Smoked from a new sample, about an ounce.
+I cut this into small cubes for smoking and it burned just fine, much better than when I simply rubbed it out. The cool thing is that the mellow tonquin lasted throughout the entire smoke, much the way G&H florals do. It wasn't overpowering and didn't overwhelm the virginias the way I recall 1792 doing (even though it's been awhile!). This one had a creamy undertaste as well, which never faltered. I found very little complexity with this one but that was fine since the flavoring remained throughout the bowl. Good nic punch here, but not enough to make me faint. This is a good blend for those that enjoy the preparation and for whom 1792 is a welcome, if heavy-bodied, joy.
+5 people found this review helpful.
+Much of what I wrote regarding 1972 applies here. The tonquin bean is strong and buries the whisky (if it is there),. Made for the experienced smoker, it's more of a love/hate product than your average plug. In fact, I taste the burley and Virginia more in the plug form than I do in 1792. The plug version is less harsh, a little less stronger, smoother and a little sweeter. It does need a few more relights than the flake version does. Has a very pleasant room note and is a more relaxing smoke than the flake version. If you find 1792 is too much for your senses, but you still like the flavor, this will be more to your liking. I'd rate it half a star above 1792.
+3 people found this review helpful.
+I am now in my 60th year and have been smoking the pipe since I was (let's say an illegal age).
+I have tried many tobaccos over the years. Throughout my experience I finaly settled with Erinmore Plug which sadly my tobacconist told me was no longer available.
+So, what now. Having searched the web I happened upon Samuel Gawith. I decided to try several of their wonderful tobaccos until finally settling on Cob Plug. I found it to be a very satisfying smoke with a full satisfying flavour and a lovely room note (according to my wife).
+I find the COB Plug particularly suitable to my Palette. I find it to be a full bodied smoke with plenty of flavour. I has a steady burn right to the end.
+Two weeks ago we were away for a weekend break in Clifden outside Galway (Ireland) and during the sojourn my Peterson pipe clogged up. I was unable to clear it. As luck would have it, we were passing an antique shop in Clifden town and in the window were some new original clay pipes which came from an old tobacconist which had closed down in the 60's. I bought one and enjoyed my smoke of COB very much.
+I would recommend COB, but let's face it everyone's palette is different. One man's tobacco ...... etc. But, for me COB is a very enjoyable smoke.
+3 people found this review helpful.
+I purchased 50 grams of this as I was reasonably happy with 1792 flake, but felt that the flavour in that smoke was overly dominant, but had read that this plug has the flavour toned down somewhat. It also has the advantage that I can slice it myself and remove the bane of all SG flakes, that being that the flakes don't come in a uniform size.
+Straight from the pouch, a similar note of 1792 emerges, but it is noticeably less overpowering. Also, in the scent of this one, the whisky is much more pronounced than in 1792, where the tonquin overpowers it. The farmyard/old barn smell is also there, very pleasant.
+The plug itself is less than an inch thick, and consists of a fairly even mixture of dark & gold leaf. The top of the plug is somewhat knobbly, but the bottom is flat.
+Slicing flakes off this plug is very easy - the plug is very firm and dense, but has a quality which allows the knife to pass through it with ease. Due to the ease with which I could cut it I was able to use several different prep methods. Thin flakes were folded & stuffed, slightly thicker ones rubbed out, and thicker still cube cut. With the exception of the cube cut, all burned with ease. It is also worth noting that - presumably as it's not vacuum-packed inside a tin, so is exposed to air allowing evaporation - this plug comes at a good moisture level, and - for me, at least - needed no drying time.
+The taste is, again, similar to 1792 flake, but more subdued. I definitely get the whisky this time, and the tonquin & good tobacco work well together. I do like this flake, the flavour (as with most prominently cased blends) dies off towards the end of the bowl, leaving the quality tobaccos to take the fore, with no bitterness or unpleasant flavours. If you have smoked 1792 flake, just imagine a tobacco with about two-thirds of the flavour, and which you can cut to your own preference. Didn't bite at all.
+The tobacco burned well (although I was using a gauze), and left no dottle.
+The nicotine strength is medium-strong.
+The room note is fine, inoffensive, but it can hang around a bit more than the 1792 flake, I find.
+I liked this the more I smoked it, I think the tonquin is probably an acquired taste, but once developed, it becomes incredibly moreish. This is a good smoke, and I like it more than 1792 flake. I gave 1792 a 3-star rating, but as I said at the time, it could easily have been 2. I give this a 3 star rating & feel that it is a solid 3-star tobacco. I enjoyed it, and whilst it will never be an all-day/everyday smoke for me, it's a nice change of pace now and then. If you liked 1792 flake, you'll probably really like this. Pairs well, like the flake, with darker teas & ales.
+Pipe Used: Peterson Tankard (with gauze)
+Age When Smoked: New
+Purchased From: mysmokingshop.co.uk
+Similar Blends: Samuel Gawith - 1792 Flake.
+2 people found this review helpful.
+Many years ago I wrote a damning review of 1792 flake, describing it as an abomination. Times change. Having smoked and enjoyed a tin the other month I decided to try it in its plug form, aka Cob Plug.
+To my mind the plug version has the flake beat in almost every respect. A common complaint about the SG flakes is their irregular thickness, but preparing plug tobacco for yourself (assuming you have the patience) removes this problem. Another bonus is that, unlike the flake form, the plug isn't so moist you have to set it dry for an hour or two, during which the flavour can dissipate too.
+The result is that Cob Plug is actually easier to deal with than the flake version, at least for me. It delivers all the strength for which 1792 is famed but seems considerably smoother and more well rounded, with no trace of the harshness that I sometimes found with 1792. I also found that the tonquin topping, which once you develop a taste for it, is something you begin to crave, lasted much better throughout the smoke.
+In short, Cob Plug is a winner and anyone who enjoys 1792 should get onto it immediately. For my money, it is certainly the better of the two tobaccos and really hits the spot as an after dinner smoke. In the past I had pretty much decided that the products of GH&Co were more to my taste than many of the (often excellent) SG offerings. If the other SG plugs I have on order prove to be as good as this one I might have to reconsider!
+2 people found this review helpful.
+Pro's: better tasting than most; dry and cool smoke.
+Cons: much to strong for me to appreciate, too much effort required to prepare for the pipe; very difficult to light and keep lit.
+Add a star or two if you drink 200 proof grain alcohol.
+2 people found this review helpful.
+I'll give this one a pretty decent rating because it is cool, does not bite, has a decent dose of nicotine and acts gentlemanly while burning.
+It is very black in appearance and stinks in the tin. It is also difficult to keep lit.
+While not the strongest tobacco I've ever smoked, it is no weakling and leaves a heavy aftertaste hours after smoking.
+If offered another bowl on down the trail (as in way down the trail), I'll accept.
+2 people found this review helpful.
+Contrasting most views here, I find Cob Plug to be less sweet than 1792, and I seem to prefer 1792 over Cob Plug. Nevertheless, I love them both.
+I'm about a quarter of the way through my first pound of Cob Plug, so I'm hardly an expert. It's a wonderful tobacco that is fun to prepare different ways. One bowl I will slice thin and rub out a lot, and the next I'll slice thicker and fill the bowl with unrubbed thick slices. Each preparation seems to yield a different smoke. I enjoy the tonka flavor and effect, but Cob Plug seems to have less tonka than 1792. I don't feel as compelled to dedicate pipes to Cob Plug, as the tonka is subdued. Cob Plug seems to have more of a medicinal flavor, IMO.
+I wonder if the differences we find between 1792 and Cob Plug are variations in batches or true differences between the blends? Anyway it's fun to contemplate and talk about. The bottom line is that I love both Cob Plug and 1792, and I hope to always have both around. They are great tobaccos, and we are lucky to have the folks at Samual Gawith still dedicated to producing their fine products.
+2 people found this review helpful.
+Sam Gawith Cob Plug. This is the easiest plug tobacco to prepare as of yet (for me)! The plug itself is almost like a book in the construction, it's superbly simple to peel of very thin sheets of tobacco, like turning the pages in a book. Whats good with the tobacco sheets too is that they are thin in their entirety, there isn't many un-even lumps and bumps that need disregarding. With my Plug, I don't see anything indecorous with the moisture amount, it's of a great level and can be enjoyed immediately! To be fair, I think the aroma from the un-lit plug is a very basic Virginia/Burley one, I can't really detect any additives in there. Once I process mine into thin pieces about 5 mm square (by hand) I load my pipe and can begin. I am a little surprised by how well it lights and burns, as in my experience plugs have usually required tenacity in that area, but I suppose the easy preparation aids this! The burn is also even, giving cool smoke, leaving behind a pure white ash. The flavour now: a very no-frills taste, yes there are some additions that can be noticed easily, albeit not that overpowering for me. I find the additives to be well balanced, a sweet vanilla-esc taste from the tonquin with a slightly sour note from the whiskey. At another good balance are the two tobaccos, a very well shared stage! The nicotine with Cob Plug is not for the faint of heart, if you don't like N then avoid this bad boy! Cob Plug is very good in the tongue-bite department, even if really drawn hard it still eludes me. Room-note is a little heavy, but that isn't a problem if, like me, you appreciate tobacco! I really feel that due to the simplicity in preparation Cob Plug would make the perfect entry into the plug field!!
+Pipe Used: Comoys Elegance
+Age When Smoked: New
+Purchased From: G.Q Tobaccos
+1 person found this review helpful.
+A dark plug that breaks up easily. The tin note is strongly tonquin, a scent that seems to defy agreement. Vanilla and sweaty socks is the best I can do. Oddly, I quite like it.
+I tried different methods of preparing this. Every way it produced the most difficult to burn tobacco I have ever smoked. I resorted to using philtpads several times to soak up some of the wetness. This tobacco reduced them to paste. The least worst was to cube cut it and leave it for a few weeks. Still a difficult burn.
+The tonquin aroma follows the whole smoke. There is also a peppery smokiness presumably from the Kentucky.
+Well balanced with some harsh notes, there are nonetheless other tobaccos that offer more and are better behaved.
+1 person found this review helpful.
+I was hoping for something with a little complexity; this tobacco is like a velvet hammer. Smooth, no bite and not as strong as I thought it would be.
+My rating is "somewhat recommended" because it's not as bad as I thought it would be. And, it's not a nicotine bomb though it could make those who aren't too used to nicotine break out in a sweat.
+Not bad, better than most of the twists if you're looking for something with that "flavor" but again, very one dimensional.
+1 person found this review helpful.
+04/28/2005 An infrequent indulgence. It's going to take me a long time to get through the 4 ounce block I have in my rotation. I use a very sharp 8" Chefs' knife and a plastic cutting board to cut thin slice and then cubes. Ends up like a cubed Burley. I then place it in a Baggy for future use. It is a slightly different take on 1792 Flake. An interesting experience indeed.
+Update 11/05/2006 Too strong in both flavor and impact for frequent consumption. Three stars if you like strong flake-type tobaccos.
+1 person found this review helpful.
+Men This is really perfect tobacco , I Love smoke it any time, slow burning, great smell and lovely tobacco, for smokers who love natural tobaccos aroma
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+Great tobacco, but I'm not a huge fan of the Tonquin Flavouring. 4 of 4 stars if you like Tonquin. If not, try Kendal Plug for a great, and complex, Virginia Plug.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+Please forgive the long review but I think you'll understand.
+I have tried CP on a few different occassions over the past several years and never really "got it" as far as this blend was concerned. That is not to say that I didn't like it I just didn't really ENJOY it as I would 1792 or several other VAs. It always had a menthol/medicinal taste and mouth-feel that prevented me from experiencing this plug as the fine Virginia that it is touted to be. Last time I bought CP was about 3 years ago. Shortly thereafter I put it away (sealed in Mason jars) after trying it prepared every way possible.
+Fast foward 3 years and I'm looking around my stash for something different. Lo and behold I find a jar of Cob Plug. I decide to give it a try. I noticed immediately upon opening the jar that this tobacco had changed. It just smelled different, more rounded and sweeter. After smoking various other plugs during the last few years I have found that I (and my pipes) prefer a cube cut. I pull out a few of the last few flakes that I had cut and slice them into cubes with my pocket knife and load them into a lowly Dr. Grabow sans filter(I LOVE Grabows!). WOW WHAT A DIFFEFENCE A LITTLE AGING MAKES!!!. I'm surprised noone has commented on the aging of this blend. It has become a totally different tobacco. It was no more difficult to get lit than any other flake, plug, rope, or cube cut and much easier than some. What really caught my attention was the taste. It was sweet and creamy with none of the menthol/medicinal taste of 3 years prior. I certainly would not call this a plug version of 1792 but rather a smoother, sweeter cousin. I find it to have much more complexity than 1792. Sure you can taste the tonquin but nowhere near as strong as 1792. Instead the tonquin interplays nicely with the sweetness of the Virginias with a hint of earthiness that I attribute to the fire curing process. I'm a pretty constant puffer and CP refuses to get acrid or ashy tasting or bite. It does require several relights but I don't consider this to be a detriment and may or may not be required with more careful and attentive technique. It burns to a fine gray ash just like its "cousin".
+All said I find Cob Plug to be a very exceptional blend and may even be superior to 1792, though I will reserve that final judgement until I have a chance to compare them side by side. I only give it 4 stars AFTER a few years of aging. Aging longer may improve it even more. I just hope SG gets their supply issues sorted out before I run out of CP.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I smoked this as a rough cube cut outdoors with a fairly large Peterson System pipe with P-lip. (307XL) I later in the day smoked some 1792 in the same pipe, for comparison purposes.
+The executive summary is if you like plugs, and strong tobacco, this is right up your alley. Run, don't walk, and buy some.
+I did not find the flavoring as overpowering as 1792 though allegedly this is just the plug version. It seemed I could taste the base tobacco much better. It also seemed sweeter, a bit cooler, and more multidimensional.
+I like 1792, but really liked my first try at Cob Plug, and I'm sure there will be more. Four stars!
+UPDATE I am removing a star based on a couple of other experiences with this tobacco. Fully rubbed out, it can be overpowering in the nicotine department, and also in the taste department. I can't recommend it as highly as before as a result. I do think it works best as flake or cube cut.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I was a little surprised when I first tried Cob Plug because I had the preconceived notion that it would be very much like 1792 Flake. Although they are similar they do in fact taste and smoke differently. I am a huge fan of 1792 and have been smoking it almost exclusively since I first tried it. Cob is not just the plug version of 1792.
+I found Cob Plug to be very moist and not as heavily pressed as other plugs. Translation, it was very easy to cut and rub out. I was able to enjoy it with minimal drying time but it's definitely better if it airs out a bit. I would agree that Cob is a creamier and slightly sweeter smoke with less tonquin presence than 1792. I detected a more noticeable mint presence as well. I really had not noticed this very much with 1792 until I smoked the plug. Loosewatches is right on with that one...
+Even lovers of 1792 would have to admit that it stinks in any container. Cob hands down stinks even more, especially when a sharp blade is introduced. My wife is not a fan of it burning, being cut or otherwise. It is also more cigar like to me which is not a bad thing but certainly different in my opinion from 1792. All of these factors make me lean more toward 1792 as my preference. And frankly I wish it had more tonquin. But I did just order another plug to make sure. I will say that Cob finishes better than 1792 with a smooth rich dark pressed Virginia flavor that is quite remarkable with slow puffing. In some ways a little like Dark Star without the tongue bite which surprised me.
+Having tried all of the Kendal plugs with the exception of Cannon (and I am not so sure that I will) I have learned a lot about the corresponding flakes. If you enjoy 1792, try Cob Plug. You will learn a lot about 1792 and if observant, possibly Bracken Flake as well. I will keep the plug around but just 3 stars on this one...
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I give Cob Plug 4* simply because I believe all serious pipe smokers should experience the prep, feel. taste and smoke this fine plug provides. When it's way past my bedtime I often decide to read another chapter or two just so I can have another pipefull. (It's gong to be a long night, Watson.) Everything about this plug is easy. Easy to pack, easy to light, easy to smoke, easy on the tongue. No rough edges in the smoke. OK, it's not so easy to slice but by the time you finish your first plug you'll have your method down to fit your (and your pipe's) preference. This tobacco is not fussy about prep. As someone said, even the chunks are welcome. Don't try to make it look or act like an almost rubbed. Someone else said fold it lengthwise or sideways and to that I'll add...just scrunch it up! I have to wonder, however, if theres a quality control problem with Cob Plug. While I've had no unpleasant experiences it seems that some had a totally different tobacco. (?) If you've never tried a plug, start with this one.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I like this Cob Plug a little better than the 1792 Flake. I struggled with 1792 at first, but I eventually built up a tolerance to tonquin, and I now enjoy it often. However, this smokes sweeter, and it is tonquin-milder in this form. Somebody said they have the same momma, Cob and 1792. There is a strong family resemblance, but I think it is a case of superfecundation...twins with different dads. Cob plug begins very much like 1792, but further down the bowl it starts to taste similar to Black XX Twist.
+I slice off the plug as I go. If the slice is too thick I tease it a little. Sometimes I rub it lightly, but chunks are welcome. I tried this evening, but I could not get it to stain my hands. Anyway, I am in no hurry smoking plug tobacco. To me, most any flake beats any ready-rubbed, and any plug trumps a flake. Plugs and twists are an even match. They just taste better, to borrow from Spangles.
+07/27/09 UPDATE: I am revising some of my reviews. I have given out more 4 star ratings than anything else. That practice is probably not helping. So, I am reducing Cob Plug to 3 stars, not because I like it less than I did before, but because I am limiting 4 stars to fewer than 25% of all my reviews. One day I may use the 4 star rating to designate my top five.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+This is, to my experience, a creamier smoke than 1792 though with the obvious family connections. I wouldn't say that its a strong tobacco really....such is the subjectivism of comments like that...but as long as you don't puff continuously, its a gentler and more measured smoke than 1792. I used to always rub out the slices I cut off the plug, but since I converted to the fold in two lengthways and then crosswise and stuff it in method, I have found its a lot easier to keep lit and get more flavour out as a bonus. I prefer this to 1792, just. 1792 is just a bit too tonquiny!
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+Wonderful taste. A bear to keep lit, but, since it is a little strong, that doesn't deter me from wanting it. If I had patience it could be dried out.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I bought this to be my normal through the day smoke. I bought it in bulk from smoking pipes, so it was bagged not tinned.
+Opening the bag reveals a unique flavor, some others describe it in these reviews, but whatever it is, its strong enough to make me pull my bag from my face.
+It comes a little moist to my liking, so I rub and crumble tiny pieces and let sit out for 10-15 mins before smoking.
+Lighting it is a different story - very rich flavor, extremely strong nicotine punch. I find myslef not able to finish a bowl yet, usually leaving a 1/4 inch of unsmoked material in the pipe. (unlike petersons blends that I finish down to fine ash)
+Very sweet yet robust taste - no bite - little bits of sour as you get to the end. The price and smoking experience make it worthy of a daily smoke, however I havent warmed up to it entirely yet. I find myself smoking it more for the punch (I just switched from ciggarettes) to calm cravings than anything. Will update as we get more closely aquainted.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I find this to be a brother to the ropes. It has a different and slightly sweeter flavor. However you can sure taste the same base tobacco that say G&H brown #4 rope uses. Is it strong nicotine? I guess, but I must have a tolerance to it because I never had any ill effects from this or any pipe tobacco. Its good. I smoke it a couple times a week.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+Quick update, a few days later. seems some parts of the last plug I ordered are stronger than others.. . filled with wholesome life-giving nicotine- upgrade to Strong from medium
+this here is a long one, for me at least. So git yer readin' glasses handy, or drinking glasses if you'd rather. . .
+I've had both the plug and the flaked 1792, but I've smoked much more of the plug, so that's the one I'm reviewing. If the two are different animals, they have the same mother, in fact, they're twins. First off- What's Tonka smell like? Well, before this the only Tonka I'd experienced was in truck form, as in toys, and I can't remember smelling them. But 1792 smells like rootbeer, possibly Birch beer, of high quality. (Yes, Birch beer.) My mother, wonderful sniffer of all things pipe tobacco, agrees with me on this one.
+The flavor at lighting is just the same as the smell, although stronger and (at the risk of being really stupid) emotional. Hmm, emotionally flavored?? Yup that's it. 1792 is emotions for the nose and a trip for the tongue. A little vanilla, yes, quite cool, and dark dark Virginia. I say a little vanilla, but there is a lot of scented flavorish topcoat, of an English sort. And loads of wholesome tobacco goodness. No soap. Like other Lakeland tobaccos this has some strong additive(that's a bad word these days, eh? I don't care, that's what they are) smells and tastes. I still don't think of it as aromatic, though.
+This can get harsh and rope-like in a puffing fit, so go slowly. It's not so strong in nicotine as I'd expected, but tastes both huge and refined. Enough. Smoke it if you can get it.
+As a side note: I've noticed a lot of reviewers describing both Gawith and Gawith Hoggarth tobaccos as cool smoking. I noticed it first with Bob's Square Cut and since then with every tobacco from either of the two companies. The smoke is cool. Is this possible? I definately don't taste menthol, but how else, but with a tiny touch, could they get hot smoke to seem so cool? Just wondering. happy smoke, I gotta go ice down my fingers.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+As a fan of 1792 Flake, I was very much looking forward to trying this plug variant, especially after reading the above reviews. I have to concur, this is a rounder, sweeter version of the aforementioned flake. It has the same tonquin flavor as 1792, but the overall experience is quite a bit different. The spicy sharpness of 1792, and its tendency to bite and/or go "nasty" toward the bottom of the bowl is not present. However, I find that the plug form lacks some of 1792's complexity. It also seems to be a bit higher in moisture content and requires a good deal of drying out to avoid gurgle. Still, an excellent blend - if you like 1792 but find it a bit harsh by all means try Cob Plug.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+My original review must have been lost during the transition to the updated web pages. It was the second review. Anyway, I do recall my first comment which was related to the descriptions of Cob Plug given by many tobacco merchants. Trust me, one cannot merely say that this is the simply the plug version of 1792 and leave it at that. The smoke is rather different from 1792, in fact, I'm surprised that it is merely the plug version. There is a sweetness and occasional pleasant medicinial flavar which I find quite enjoyable. I really enjoy this smoke as a change of pace and always keep some in stock. Volumes of cool smoke, delicate sweetness poking through a natural dark virginia smoke, and NO tongue bite. Love it!
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I am surprised that no-one has reviewed this plug, especially given the rather incorrect nature in which its described in the "Tin Description" area. Since I love 1792, I thought I would give Cob Plug a try. To simply state that "this is the plug version of 1792" and that there's no point in describing it further, is not only false, but a discredit to Cob Plug itself. Cob Plug only hints at tasting like 1792; it has unique flavorings which I find appealing and not at all like 1792. The plug I smoke is rather moist and certainly leaves your hands stained after rubbing out, but it's worth the effort. I'm not sure if the essence I taste is the tonquin bean, but there's a pleasant essence detected not noticeable in any other tobacco. The smoke is cool and dry and my large Ardor full bent really helps make this an enjoyable experience.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+I agree with the review above. Cob Plug (CP) is much more than a plug version of 1792. There is a sweetness in CP that just is not there in 1792. (Maybe they start out the same, but the flaking process and subsequent aging allow for the loss of the more volatile components retained in the plug form.)
+My sample was at a great moisture level for consumption (especially compared to S. G. RB plug) . I peel a thin layer of leaves off the plug and crumble them to make a "chunky-flake" consistency. I then load a small but tall meerschaum bowl specifically reserved for English scented tobaccos. The burn is much cooler than 1792, and much more flavorful. The taste is hard to define, but Islay single malt scotch comes to mind, in terms of complexity and layering of flavors.
+Anyone that is a fan of 1792 owes it to themselves to try the plug form: CP, the 1792+.
+Note" I gave this 4 stars, but could not smoke something this intense on a frequent basis. A few bowls a week is my limit.
+Nobody has rated this review yet.
+The Meaning of the Magnificat
+Text:.”
+How many sermons have you ever heard on Mary?
+Probably not too many, I would guess. It’s too bad. We should never let the abuse of something cause us to reject its legitimate use, and we Protestants shouldn’t run away from Mary. After all, she is a central figure in the birth stories of Jesus. Luke devotes a good deal of space to her in the beginning of his gospel. Our text today is one such space, her famous “song,” the Magnificat, which has held a special place in Christian history. I’d like for us to take a look at it today.
+As we will see, the Magnificat is Mary’s response of joy and worship to the announcement of God’s salvation. That He would choose her as a vessel of His grace overwhelms her soul. She praises His name. In this song, Mary shows us how to receive God’s grace. She explains how God always works. She teaches us that God uses the small and weak to bring about His strength and glory. She ties this to God’s covenant. And, most of all, she believes.
+The Setting (vs. 39-45)
+To understand Mary’s song, we need to put it in context. It’s actually a response to what Elizabeth says about Mary. In the preceding verses, Mary has just gone to visit Elizabeth who is herself pregnant. Elizabeth has John the Baptist in her womb. When Mary enters the home, also pregnant, with Jesus in her womb, John recognizes the presence of Christ. How does He do this? We can’t begin to know, but he senses the presence of God. Somehow, this unborn child—this fetus!—knows when God is in the room. He leaps in the womb, which alerts Elizabeth that something special is going on. She then tells)
+That’s really quite the scene. Imagine something like it happening today. We see how God uses the agency of the smallest of human creatures, indeed the weak and dependent fetus in the womb, to testify to His glory. He continues to do this today, and this is becomes the main theme of Mary’s song.
+“Magnify the Lord” when we are blessed (46-49)
+The “Magnificat” is actually Mary’s response to this amazing scene. After Elizabeth blesses her, she says, “My soul magnifies the Lord.” This expression means that Mary’s soul, her innermost being, exalts the Lord. She makes His name great. She gives Him glory.
+Mary immediately adds to this that, “my spirit has rejoiced in God my Savior.” She glorifies God, and then she rejoices in Him. She rejoices because God has saved her. Indeed, “He has regarded the lowly state of His maidservant.” Mary is rejoicing in God’s salvation, and she is clear that she is the passive recipient of His grace. She, like each of us, is the object of divine redemption.
+In fact, this is the reason that “all generations” will call Mary “blessed.” Not because she is necessarily so great, but because “He who is mighty had done great things” for her. We bless Mary because God has blessed Her. He has saved Her, and He has chosen to give her the great privilege of bearing the messiah.
+God Uses the Weak (50-53)
+Mary goes beyond noting her personal blessing, though. She adds that God is treating her the way He has always treated His people. He is keeping His covenant promise, and He is doing it in a surprising way. Rather than choosing the mighty and powerful, God picks the poor and lowly to bring about His plans. He reverses the wisdom of this world and makes His strength perfect in weakness (2 Cor. 12:9).
+“His mercy is on those who fear Him, from generation to generation” (Luke 1:50). This expression could be taken from any number of Old Testament verses. It reminds me of the end of 2nd Commandment. “The Lord will show mercy to thousands, to those who Love Me and keep My commandments” (Ex. 20:6). There’s also Psalm 103:17, “The mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting, on those who fear Him.” This shows us both how we may be assured of our salvation—by continuing to cultivate a holy fear of God—and how we may be assured of our children’s salvation—by teaching them to fear God and then trusting in His multi-generational promise.
+This is why God chooses the poor and lowly, by the way. They are those who most understand what it means to fear God. The proud boast in themselves. They look around and say, “Look what I have built by my might power…” (Dan. 4:30). They have no need of God, and thus they have no fear of Him. And so God pulls them down from their thrones. Instead, He exalts the lowly.
+Again, we learn that God resists the proud but favors the humble (James 4:6). He uses the powerless in order to magnify His own power. This is one of the main reasons for His grace. And this is how God has always worked. He worked this way with Mary. He worked this way with Israel. He works this way with us.
+God Keeps His Covenant (50, 54-55)
+Mary connects this theme of God working through the weak with His covenant. Notice how she ties it to Abraham and to Israel:
+He has helped His servant Israel,
+In remembrance of His mercy,
+As He spoke to our fathers,
+To Abraham and to his seed forever. (vs. 54-55)
+God is actually not trying something wholly new when He sends Jesus to be born of Mary. He is acting consistently with His covenantal plan from generations earlier. He has always favored the poor, chosen the younger, and magnified His own strength through human weakness.
+Consider Abraham. Abraham was a man with no children, and God saw fit to name Him, “Great father.” He promised Abraham that he would have children, but that it would not come through his own power. No, Abraham must wait on God.
+Something similar was true of Israel. Israel the man was Jacob. He was the younger brother who was blessed purely because of God’s gracious choice. And though he lived a life of affliction and suffering, He was promised to become a great nation. His children would become the tribes of Israel. But what did that look like in his own life? It wasn’t initially very good. His sons were scoundrels. They fought against one another. Israel had to trust God’s promises.
+And when Israel became a nation, the same thing was true. They were continually trying to seize greatness through their own power and learning their folly. Saul looked the part, but was not. David was a man after God’s own heart, but he too struggled with pride and desire. Solomon saw great heights but ultimately ran after false gods, and therefore his children wandered.
+Yet through all of this, God was faithful. He kept His covenant and choose to use this damaged and erring people to bring about the salvation of the world. He gave them the Seed of the woman, and He did so through a young woman of no consequence. He sent the messiah and the savior of the world through Mary. He kept His promise.
+Blessed is She Who Believed
+The fact that Mary can say all of this shows us that she was a woman of faith. She knew the history of Israel. She knew the Scriptures. She knew the covenant promise. And when Gabriel visited her, she received the message in faith. Elizabeth says of Mary, “Blessed is she who believed” (Luke 1:45).
+So in this too Mary is an example to us. She is an example of humility. She is an example of gratitude and worship. And she is an example of faith. Unlike Sarah, who laughed at God’s unbelievable promise, Mary rejoiced. And think about that comparison. Sarah was old, this is true, but at least she had access to the normal biological means to have children. Yet she didn’t believe it. Mary is in a much more difficult situation than Sarah. She isn’t barren. She is a virgin. For her to have a child in this condition really would be impossible. But all things are possible with God.
+Mary rejoiced and accepted Gabriel’s message with faith. She saw that God was keeping His covenant and that He was working in the way that He promised to work. He was blessing the poor when He gave her Jesus. He was overturning the wisdom of the world when He sent the Son of God to be born of a virgin. He was showing His power and glory. So she believed and magnified Him. We ought to respond the same way.
+Conclusion
+Mary teaches us how to respond to good news, especially the good news of our salvation. She is an example of gratitude. She shows us how we should thank God for His mercy and grace. She first magnifies His name, blessing Him and granting Him worship. Then she explains how He saves us, by reversing the wisdom of the world and showing grace to the poor and lowly. She wraps up by pointing us to God’s covenant, showing His faithfulness through all generations, keeping His promise to Abraham to redeem Israel. And she believes.
+Mary is also an example of someone who understands how God works. She shows us that He does not save us because we are so great. He does not choose us because we are rich and mighty. He doesn’t even ask us to save ourselves with His help. He chooses the weak and helpless, and He gives them a gift that transforms them. He gives them Christ.
+If we understand Mary’s role in the Bible, she will always take us to Jesus. She understood God’s covenant, and she expresses that belief in her song. She looks to God in faith, and the result will be Jesus Himself. Now we should do the same, looking now to the fulfillment. We know that Christ has come to lift us up from our low state, to forgive us our sins and deliver us from evil, and finally to glorify God’s name by keeping His covenant. Let us then believe, and let us magnify the Lord.
+
+HILDA D. PERLITSH
+BOSTON UNIVERSITY
+Psychology Department
+64 Cummington Street
+(617) 353-4089
+CURRENT POSITIONS
+1980-Present Department of Psychology, Boston University
+Associate Professor (1995)
+1963-Present Psychologist in Practice: Consultation to Organizations,
+EDUCATION AND TRAINING
+1962 Ph.D. Duke University (Clinical/Social Psychology)
+1961-1963 USPHS Post-Doctoral Fellow in Community Mental Health
+Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital
+1962 Social Science Summer Intern, National Training Laboratories,
+Bethel, ME
+1958-1959 Internship in Clinical Psychology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
+1956 B.A. City University of New York, Brooklyn College (Psychology, Sociology-Anthropology)
+CERTIFICATIONS
+Licensed Psychologist, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, #1063
+Certified by Council for the National Register of Health Service Providers in Psychology, #13095
+ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS
+1980-95 Research Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Boston University
+1975-80 Research Associate, Center for Applied Social Science, Boston University.
+1970-74 Assistant Clinical Professor in Psychiatry, Tufts University Medical Center, Boston, MA.
+1964-69 Assistant Professor in Psychology, Wellesley College. Wellesley, MA.
+1963-64 Research Associate, Center for Community Studies, Massachusetts
+General Hospital,
+Harvard Medical School.
+TRAINING AND CONSULTATION
+Consultation and training have been provided over a period of thirty years in the areas of: introducing and managing change, goal setting and planning, organizational assessment, organizational design, team building, role clarification, addressing diversity issues in the workplace, conflict mediation, training in small group process and the conduct of management meetings, development and training of voluntary Boards, program development in mental health facilities, and program evaluation in mental health services. See Addenda for examples of client organizations.
+OTHER PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
+1976-82 Principal Investigator, NIMH Project "Increasing System and
+Managerial Competence at a
+Sub-State Level." Boston University and the Massachusetts Department of Mental Health.
+1979-80 Social Psychologist, OHDS Project "Transfer of Advanced Diversion and Deinstitutionalization Technology to OHDS Service Populations." Boston University.
+1969-74 Organization Development Specialist, Boston State Hospital
+1969-73 Director of Group Programs, Newton Guidance Clinic Newton, MA.
+PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES: MEMBERSHIPS AND SERVICE
+Board of Registration of Psychologists, Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
+1984-1994
+Secretary, 1985-89, Vice Chairperson, 1989-93. Chairperson, 1993-1994
+American Psychological Association, Member 1959-Present
+Divisions of: Consulting Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology, Psychology of Women,
+Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, SPSSI
+American Psychological Society, Member, 1989 - Present
+Massachusetts Psychological Association, 1963 - Present, Fellow; Ethics Committee, 1975- 1982
+Consultant to Alcohol, Drug Abuse, Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA): Development of
+DHEW Multi-Year Research Plan, Washington, D.C., 1978-1979
+Consultant-Reviewer to Clinical, Developmental, and Personality Program, Research Manpower Branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Washington, D.C., 1974-1981
+HONORS
+Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Psi Chi
+USPHS - NIMH Predoctoral Fellowships in Clinical Psychology, Duke University
+B.A. Magna cum Laude, Honors in Psychology and Sociology-Anthropology
+New York State Regents Scholarship, 1952-56.
+RESEARCH
+Arai, M., & Perlitsh, H. D. (2001, August). Career Development of Japanese, Korean, and American Women College Students. Presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, San Francisco, CA.
+Arai, M., & Perlitsh, H. D. (2000, August). Career Development
+Issues among Siberian and American Women College Students. Presented at
+annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington DC.
+Arai, M., & Perlitsh, H. D. (1999, August). Japanese Students Attitudes toward Gender Roles and Women's Career Development. Presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Boston, MA.
+Arai, M., & Perlitsh, H. D. (1998, May) Career Development Issues among Japanese and American Women College Students Presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Washington, DC.
+Symposium Chairperson: Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse: Finding Common Ground, Massachusetts Psychological Association Conference, November, 1995.
+Billings, C.A. Jr., Perlitsh, H.D. (1993, May) Different Roles, Different Perspectives: Succession Issues in the Family Business. Presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, Chicago, IL.
+Perlitsh, H.D., Lovas, G.S. (1992) Baseline Assessment of the Delaware County, Pennsylvania Demonstration Project: Parent and Child Cooperative. Report submitted to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Mental Health Services Program For Youth Evaluation.
+Perlitsh, H.D., Gardner, J. (1992) Baseline Assessment of the State of Kentucky Demonstration Project: Bluegrass Impact. Report submitted to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Mental Health Services Program For Youth Evaluation.
+Geismer, M.R., Perlitsh, H.D. (1992) Baseline Assessment of the State of Wisconsin Demonstration Project: Project Find. Report submitted to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Mental Health Services Program For Youth Evaluation.
+Perlitsh, H.D., Lovas,G.S., Saxe, L.(1992) Baseline Assessment of the Multnomah County, Oregon Demonstration Project: the Multnomah County Children's Mental Health Partners Project. Report submitted to the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Mental Health Services Program For Youth Evaluation.
+Perlitsh, M.J., Perlitsh, H.D. (1991) Reclaiming Bay State as the 'Doctor's Plan', Physicians News Digest, Vol. IV, (8).
+Walsh, W..A., Perlitsh, H.D. (1991, August) Mentor Relationships in Higher Education. Presented at annual meeting of the American Psychological Association Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
+Perlitsh, H.D., and Kirkman, K.. (1989) Exhibit Evaluations: The Thinking Gallery of the New England Aquarium. Part A: Pre-Post Evaluations of Tank Exhibits, Research report submitted to the New England Aquarium.
+Perlitsh, H. D., and Hilelson, G. (1989) Exhibit Evaluations: The Thinking Gallery of the New England Aquarium. Part B: Interactive Video Exhibit, Research report submitted to the New England Aquarium.
+Perlitsh, H. D. (1984)." Final Report NIMH Grant No. RO1 MH 26425.
+Perlitsh, H.D. (1981) Application of Organization Development Interventions in Mental Health, Journal of Mental Health Administration, 8 (2), 10-13.
+Perlitsh, H.D. Workshop on Organization Development: "Short-Term
+Organization Development Interventions". Presentation at American
+Psychological Association Meetings, Los Angeles, August, 1981.
+Perlitsh, Hilda D., Cobb, J.C., and Birnbaum, M. "Organization Development in the Mental Health Service System." Project Reports. NIMH Grant No. R01 MH 26425. Rockville, MD, 1980.
+1. Organization Development Interventions in Community-Based Mental
+Health Systems.
+2. Confronting Egalitarian Management of a Clinic: A Case Study.
+3. The Process of Developing Integration and Coordination of Services: A Case Study.
+4. The Process of Building a Management Team and Integrating Services: A Case Study.
+5. Role Clarification Interventions: Route into the Seamless Web of Organizational Life.
+6. Role Clarification Technique.
+7. Generic Models for Organization Designs in Mental Health Service Programs.
+Perlitsh, Hilda D. "The Mental Health Service System: Perspectives on Diversion and Deinstitutionalization." Chapter VI of Project Report. "Retaining Vulnerable Populations in Community Settings." OHDS Grant no. 18 P-00239. Washington, D.C., 1980.
+Perlitsh, Hilda D. "Application of Organization Development Interventions in Mental Health." Presentation at Annual Meeting of Association of Mental Health Administrators. Washingon, D.C., 1980.
+Perlitsh, Hilda D., Cobb, J.C., and Birnbaum, M. "Organization Development Interventions in Community-Based Mental Health Systems." Paper presented at American Psychological Association Meetings, New York, September, 1979.
+Klein, D.C. and Perlitsh, Hilda D. "Consultation as One Instance of the Helping Relationship." Paper presented at Symposium of American Psychological Association, Los Angeles, 1964.
+Dickoff, Hilda and Lakin, M. "Patient's Views of Group Psychotherapy: Retrospections and Interpretations." Paper presented at meetings of American Psychological Association, New York, September, 1961. Int. J. Group Psychother., 1963, 12, 61-73.
+Altrocchi, J., and Perlitsh, Hilda D. "Ego Control Patterns and Attribution of Hostility." Psychol. Reports, 1963, 12, 811-818.
+Dickoff, Hilda and Altrocchi, J. "Ego Control Patterns and the Interpersonal Expression of Hostility." Paper presented at meetings of American Psychological Association, Chicago, 1960.
+Altrocchi, J., Parsons, O.A., and Dickoff, Hilda. "Changes in Self-Ideal Discrepancy in Repressors and Sensitizers." J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 1960, 61, 67-72.
+Dickoff, Hilda. "Reactions to Evaluations by Another Person as
+a Function of Self-Evaluation and the Interaction Context." Unpublished
+doctoral dissertation, Duke University, 1961. Reported in Jones,
+E.E., Ingratiation. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts, 1964.
+ADDENDA: TRAINING AND CONSULTATION: PARTIAL LIST OF ORGANIZATIONS
+Clients have consisted of: federal and State agencies, human service and health care not-for-profit organizations, large and small private corporations, educational institutions, and voluntary organizations.
+ACTION: Federal Agency for Voluntarism
+Answerall Technologies Inc., Lynn, MA
+Boston College
+Bucknell University
+Bureau of Medical Services, Health Services Administration, Washington, DC
+College Center of the Finger Lakes, NY
+College of New Rochelle, NY
+Communicable Disease Control Center, Atlanta, GA
+Community Mental Health Centers: Greater Lynn, North Shore, Tri City, MA
+Community Support Program, NIMH, Rockville, MD.
+Cornell University
+Department of Defense, Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute,
+FL
+Department of Labor, Office of the Solicitor, Region I, Boston, MA
+Digital Equipment Corporation, MA
+Division of Health Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Region I, Boston, MA
+Fitton Elementary School, Boston Archdiocese, Boston, MA
+Glover Memorial Hospital, Needham, MA
+Harvard Business School, Program in Management Development
+Health Care Finance Administration, Washington, D.C.
+Houston Greater Independent School District, Houston, TX
+Job Corps, Poland Springs, ME
+Massachusetts Bar Association, Boston, MA
+Massachusetts Department of Mental Health, State Hospitals, Catchment Area Programs
+National Association for Retarded Citizens (NARC)
+New England Hospital Assembly
+NTL Institute for Applied Behavioral Science: Training Laboratories in: Basic Human Interaction, Community
+Leadership, Higher Education and Training Theory and Practice.
+Pennsylvania State University
+Project Triangle, Malden, MA.
+Unitarian Universalist Women's Federation, Boston, MA
+US Graphics, Inc., Newton, MA
+Veterans Administration Day Treatment and Outpatient Services, Boston,
+MA
+GRANT EFFORTS
+NIMH Principal Investigator, Mental Health Services Development Branch, "Increasing System and Managerial Competence at a Sub-State Level," 1976-1982, Boston University.
+NIMH Author with Jonathan Cole, M.D. Hospital Improvement Program, "Application of Management Information Systems," 1972-1975, Boston State Hospital.
+NIMH Project Director, Hospital Staff Development Grant "Organization Development and Process Consultation," 1971-1974, Boston State Hospital.
+Title IVA Project Director, Office for
+Children, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, "Developing
+Family Counseling Resources for Treatment Resistive Families: A School-Based
+Program," 1973, Newton Guidance Clinic.
+Correction Appended
+This is a story about wealth and space and America and Russia, and it begins with one man, Walter Anderson -- a man with white hair and pale skin, square, gold-rimmed glasses and a physical presence so profoundly unprepossessing it's almost impossible to remember what he looks like. Anderson is 46 and worth almost a billion dollars. He lives in Washington -- the city he grew up in, a city he hates; his hatred of the government is, as he puts it, ''personal'' -- in an apartment adorned with a painting he commissioned based on a Smashing Pumpkins lyric, ''I am still just a rat in a cage.'' ''That's what we are,'' Anderson explains, ''rats in a cage. And we're going to gnaw through the bars because we've got about a 30-year window here, and we'll starve if we don't get out.'' The cage Anderson refers to is the planet earth itself, and he has taken it upon himself to ensure we get off. In 1989, Anderson gave $80,000 to finance the International Space University; in 1991, $100,000 to found the Space Frontier Foundation; in 1994, $5 million to start the Foundation for the International Nongovernmental Development of Space; and between 1996 and 1999, $40 million to build the Roton, a manned, reusable spaceship. Then a few months ago, in one of his eriodic calls to me, he rang me up: ''I'm in Russia!'' Anderson was midway through three days of talks with Yuri Semyonov, president of the private Russian space corporation Energia, and in a move that would later marginalize NASA from the Anderson-Russia-America love triangle, he was arranging for a new company, called MirCorp, to lease the space station Mir.
+It was not an act of open defiance. In most ways it was an act of trust, devotion and faith. Anderson had been dreaming of leaving Earth since he was a little boy. He wired the Russians $7 million before he even signed Mir's lease. Anderson put up $31 million toward the lease, which will eventually cost $200 million a year. It will give MirCorp the rights to Mir for the remainder of its lifetime, the use of two or three manned Soyuz rockets annually, as well as two or three unmanned Progress rockets, the exclusive control over Mir's visitors and technologies, 40 days of active operation and the privilege of fixing Mir up. All of this has put Anderson more cozily into bed financially with Energia, thereby creating a situation highly threatening to NASA. The American space agency, after all, was already embroiled with the Russians in the way-over-schedule, way-over-budget, politically Pollyanna-ish International Space Station, a project that was announced 17 years ago under President Ronald Reagan, that had already incurred several Congressional hearings and that space patriots in Washington were determined to make ''the only space in space.'' Specifically, at the time Anderson leased Mir, NASA was blaming the Russians for being two years behind in launching the service module, or living quarters, for the International Space Station. (It was finally launched on July 11.) Worse, rumor had it among space experts that NASA could not technically complete the International Space Station without Russian help. And many inside the agency feared that the Russians would lose interest in the International Space Station altogether if they kept their own space station up.
+A less brusque man than Anderson might have chosen to sweet-talk and pacify the NASA brass out of their TKTK. But Anderson, arrogant in such matters, is, as he terms himself, an anarcho-capitalist. He flies around the world in his private jet pledging allegiance first and foremost to the laws of GATT. Thus instead of calling NASA, Anderson called his friend Chirinjeev ''Baboo'' Kathuria, a 35-year-old megamillionaire Sikh. Kathuria told Anderson that he, too, was ''interested'' in Mir, which in megamillionaire-speak meant he was willing to chip in $4 million, to form MirCorp, and start upending last century's notions of relations in space.
+On a Friday evening late in March, Anderson and I sit on the dully plush mezzanine of the American Hotel in Amsterdam, prepping for the coffeehouses, where Anderson likes to smoke and cavort with disaffected world youth. I first met Anderson two years ago while researching a book on the Roton spacecraft. Among his first words to me were, ''Please don't make me famous.'' But by the spring of the year 2000, he has invited me to interview him over the course of a weekend in Holland, the Tuesday after which he'll launch the world's first privately financed manned mission off Earth. The following Thursday the two professional Russian cosmonauts he has hired will enter Mir to see if it can be repaired.Continue reading the main story
+Already I know that MirCorp is registered in Bermuda, run out of Amsterdam and structured as a 40-60 partnership with the space corporation Energia (38 percent of which is owned by the Russian government). I know Anderson's plans include rehabbing the station and expanding its volume to 9 or 10 times its present size. I know he wants to sell joy rides on Mir to wealthy individuals (Dennis Tito, a 59-year-old money manager and former rocket engineer, is the first to sign on, planning to spend 10 days on Mir sometime early next year) and advertising on Mir to commercial companies (''we'll paint it up like a Nascar''). Anderson expects to offer access to Mir equipment to corporations and governments and to sell intellectual rights on Mir's considerable patents so that, as Anderson puts it optimistically, ''NASA won't be able to build so much as an air lock without paying MirCorp something first.'' Eventually he intends to move into even more dubious but potentially lucrative markets, like in-orbit satellite assembly and satellite repair. I do not know if Anderson's vision amounts to a dream or a pipe dream, a gift or a curse. For certain, he harbors a taste for grand, most likely fantastical, visions. Once at a space conference he'd underwritten, Anderson told me he believed that more than half the American space shuttle missions carry classified cargo. ''If I discover dirty satellites, nuclear wearpons in orbit,'' he then said with a giddy grin, ''am I going to pretend they're not there? No.''
+Anderson is loose-limbed and gangly, with an oddly unused-looking body. He favors black jeans, casual short-sleeve shirts, suede sport coats and slippers. Ever distrustful of his fellow men, he zealously guards his personal privacy; his name is not on the marquis of his office in Washington, and neither are the names of his companies. If you take the elevator to the fifth floor, none of the people milling around the cubicles will have any idea who he is. In the alternative space underground, which Anderson has bankrolled pretty much singlehandedly, he's known for being dystopic, generous, ruthless, overimpassioned, incisive, philanthropic, libertarian and shy -- by those who know him at all.
+Now, in Amsterdam, as he uncomfortably shifts his weight on a stiff leather couch, he informs me, blunt as ever, that he'd rather not talk about his personal history, that his professional history should suffice. Namely, that in 1979 he was one of the first 300 employees at MCI; that in 1984, he founded Mid Atlantic Telecom, a regional long-distance carrier, the first to integrate phone and voicemail service; and that 10 years later, he started Esprit Telecom Group, cracking into the newly regulated European market. That same year he used $6.2 million from the sale of MidAtlantic to seed a Bahamas-based holding company called Gold & Appel, named after the Golden Apple, the second volume in the 1970's, sex-and-conspiracy-theory cult pulp trilogy, ''The Illuminatus! Trilogy.'' He has more or less doubled his capital every year since. In 1998, Anderson sold Esprit for $1 billion in stock and assumed debt. He presumed he'd need all that money to build rockets and space colonies.
+''Now with this Mir thing,'' Anderson says, tapping the tips of his fingers together, ''if it works, it's such a nice shortcut.''
+I ask if it won't make NASA extremely nervous -- a lone, superwealthy uber-citizen challenging its authority and dominance in space?
+Anderson slips on his suede jacket -- apparently we're to head out to the clubs. ''In my life,'' he says, his eyes lighting up like a teenager's, ''if the U.S. government doesn't try to kill me, I probably won't have succeeded in meeting my long-term goals.''
+Among spacers -- the polite name for space obsessives -- such sentiments are not uncommon. Anderson was 4 when Sputnik flew, 15 when Neil Armstrong first stepped on the moon, 19 when Eugene Cernan left the last moon-dusted boot mark. And he still seems not to have fully recovered from the magic of those memories, from the implicit, now-broken promise that someday soon we will all be living in the heavens, shouldering power packs and wearing jumpsuits in a better, higher, lighter world. Anderson's space talk is still infused with statements that sound vaguely like clubhouse rules. (''I'm not saying it's fair, but I've been thinking a lot about human rights in space, and in my space station, people would all be peaceful or I'd throw them out the air lock.''). Other spacers gather for dinner in Beverly Hills annually on June 20, the anniversary of the first moon landing. For their ritual meal, they borrow the form of the Passover Seder, only instead of commemorating the Jews fleeing the bonds of slavery in ancient Egypt, they celebrate human beings escaping the bonds of gravity here on Earth.
+A few hours later, in the basement of a cramped milk bar called Bulldog, Anderson sets into exalting his latest love interest: the 14-year-old, 130-ton, third-generation Soviet space station Mir, designed to orbit only five years, now spinning almost a decade beyond its expected life. The station suffers many nicknames -- the porcupine, the dragonfly -- most referring to its ungainly assortment of modules and solar arrays. Inside, it's sorely in need of remodeling. For the past 10 years, the station has been beset by significant money problems. As early as 1992, top Russian officials were comparing their own space program to a chicken: ''You cut off its head, and it runs around the yard for a while thinking it's still alive.'' Then, in the late 1990's, Mir suffered a string of high-profile, high-altitude disasters -- a collision, a fire, several massive computer shutdowns -- troubles so vast and so economically intimidating that Energia's president, Semyonov, decided to deorbit his outpost and call his final crew in. NASA, ever covetous of Russian resources for the International Space Station, waxed ecstatic. That is, until in a move that the chairman of the House Science Committee would call ''a real kick in the jaw,'' Anderson flew in his jet to Moscow to meet with Semyonov, playing the board game Risk on the way. Among the first things Anderson said to Semyonov was, ''I don't necessarily agree with the views of my government.'' Walt hunches his shoulders, looks thrilled. ''Isn't that crazy?,'' he asks..
+On the surface, the situation sounds like the setup for a joke: So there's a Sikh and an anarcho-capitalist and they want to buy a space station* . Underneath, the situation is equally gonzo. After arriving in Moscow, Kathuria and I drive to the nearby factory town of Korolev, where we will watch, via monitor, the launch of the cosmonaut-carrying Soyuz rocket and then, two days, later the docking of that rocket to Mir. Anderson is not with us -- he had wanted to fly to the Kazakhstan launch site to witness the liftoff itself, but the Russian government refused to give him clearance because of the war in Chechnya. So he flew from Amsterdam to France.
+The launch goes off without a hitch. Kathuria spends 48 hours muttering repeatedly and almost semiconsciously, ''This is definitely not telecom, definitely not for the faint of heart.'' Meanwhile, he negotiates with Energia in Energia's austere, heatless ''international building'' -- a square, pale, brick box with no front door, no lobby, no ornamentation -- an international building only possible to design if the architect never imagined foreign guests. Not so long ago, these same rooms housed debates about missile capability and Iron Curtain strategy so geopolitically intense that they sent schoolchildren across America scurrying under their desks during bomb drills. These days, agenda items include wiring Mir as an Internet portal and co-producing a prime-time television show, a sort of ''Who Wants to Go to Outer Space?,'' to run for one season, following a dozen or so hopefuls through cosmonaut training, one being eliminated each week.
+Had Anderson not amassed nearly a billion-dollar fortune from an offshore holding company or had he not nurtured a libertarian obsession with government evil, you might wonder if he knows what he is doing. But Anderson, a 21st-century antihero, clearly knows how to manipulate economic arrangements to produce the effects he wants. Thus you have to assume it's by design that the Russians sound swoony and triumphant about the MirCorp deal (''Investment not so good from their part,'' a chief Energia officer gloats, suggesting he outmaneuvered Anderson) while Daniel Goldin, the NASA administrator, sounds defensive, embarrassed and left out. ''My feelings are bruised. I have a hurt,'' Goldin uncorks in a particularly effusive moment from his office in Washington. ''I'm not saying MirCorp shouldn't have done what they did. I'm just saying I'm in the book, they've got my number and it might have been nice if they called.''
+Goldin, who speaks in a thick Brooklyn accent, sounds conflicted and disrespected, like a sidelined mafioso. Conflicted because, theoretically at least, he favors space commercialization. ''Competition is great!'' rings one of his mantras. Under Goldin's watch, NASA has contracted out some $3 billion annually with fledgling space businesses (Anderson refused to accept such funds on the Roton project, and he would refuse to accept them for Mir).
+At the same time, however, his lumbering bureaucracy has burned through, almost literally, some $60 billion on the International Space Station. In 1999, NASA suffered one of its worst years ever, losing two robotic Mars landers. Newt Gingrich credited Goldin with making ''space as boring as possible.'' The Economist magazine dubbed the International Space Station ''the black hole in the sky.'' Thus Goldin is sincere in saying, ''If MirCorp can finance Mir and get an unsubsidized positive cash flow, I think that's fabulous!'' He is also deeply humiliated to have to explain to Congress why (a) he lacks the clout to force the Russians to abandon Mir and meet their International Space Station milestones, and (b) a certain international financier is able to negotiate far better prices with the Russians than he is.
+''I'm not saying that money is being diverted,'' Goldin protests, intimating that the Russians may be siphoning money from the International Space Station and dumping them into Mir. ''I'm just saying the arithmetic doesn't add up. I read in the papers that private United States investors paid $20 million for six weeks of operation of the Mir space station, a Soyuz vehicle, a Progress vehicle. They got the operations center. They got the training. And now I understand they're going to get another flight up there? The Russians charged us, last year'' -- on an International Space Station-related matter -- $65 million for one Soyuz vehicle! $135 million for two! I'm just saying that it's frustrating, year after year, when the Russian government doesn't give us any vehicles to work with. So like I said, I have some bruised feelings. And the arithmetic! I'm confused.''
+In Korolev, the morning of the docking, television crews trail muddy tracks as they push through the command-and-control center's drab marble foyer. Everyone's in a hurry -- who are these rich investors? -- and no one is wiping his feet. Upstairs, the control room proper resembles an aging 1950's college lecture hall -- rows of concentric half-circles, a projection screen up front. Old men fill the back landing, clasping hands and taking pictures. The engineers and cosmonauts of years past are on hand: Boris Chertok, 89 years old, who commanded the first space docking ever; Sergei Krikalev, still young and mustached, who in 1991 orbited overhead in Mir while the Soviet Union dissolved below, asking, ''Is it true that Russia is going to sell the Mir space station, together with us?'' All have seen communism, perestroika and failed capitalism; all regard Anderson's impassioned, impertinent largess with irresolute, blank stares.
+Nearly 200 miles above it all, two men careering at 18,000 miles an hour are trying to catch a decrepit space station doing the same. Below, we watch, onscreen, the spinning earth captured in the cross hairs of the docking portal. The image is haunting -- it speaks of power -- and causes you to wonder where Anderson is right now. Presumably he's making money on phones in France. Or perhaps he's in Spain, pursuing another of his far-out ventures, like the thermo-protected rocket-powered space skydivingsuit a friend of his is trying to build. (Anderson hopes to take dives from Mir.) It's hard to say. In part because nobody has a cell-phone number that works for him in Europe. In part because Anderson's cleft personality is hard to resolve. The devil in Anderson, it seems, is trying to get back at his father's government. Still, his spacefaring impulse seems to come from a pure, even childlike, place.
+Fortunately, the docking itself provides only minor excitement -- a bounce off the portal, a switch from automatic to manual, before the cosmonauts finally lock in. But immediately afterwards Semyonov treats the crowd of old-timers and reporters to one of the boldest gestures in the history of human space flight: he officially hands Mir's reins to MirCorp. Everyone laughs aloud with Semyonov at the indignities of age and the perpetual rise of the young. Not heard, however, are the inward nervous twitters, for this is a transition not simply from one generation to the next or from one political philosophy to another, but from a world order based on governments to one based on wealth, from an old-school Soviet comrade to an anarchic supercitizen, a man who feels himself alienated from his family, his peers, his country, his planet; a man who, because of a certain facility for making money, has the power to effect relations on a geopolitical scale.
+The effects of such a new world order, if in fact it comes to pass, will not be known for quite some time. Meanwhile, in the coming months, MirCorp will send Dennis Tito, its first ''citizen-explorer,'' into orbit. Energia will provide Tito with rocket transportation and cosmonaut training, while NASA, on the sidelines, will continue feeling bruised and hurt, continue its public kvetching, continue exerting pressure on Putin to dump his old bag into the sea. (Goldin recently offered the Russian $100 million in space contracts, contingent on deorbiting Mir.) The Mir love triangle is inherently unstable, as love triangles always are. Anderson and Semyonov jilted Uncle Sam.
+Shortly after the docking, Kathuria, as Anderson's proxy, finds himself enveloped in a pack of elder Energia statesmen and, to consummate their union, is shepherded into the control room built for the International Space Station. There, among never-used consoles and shrink-wrapped chairs, everyone eats smoked salmon and caviar and hoists shots of Standard vodka. Everyone watches as MirCorp's cosmonauts float through Mir's hatch, unfurl the blue-and-white MirCorp sign and thank MirCorp very much. Semyonov toasts his new sugar daddies -- the people who trusted us'' -- and rebuffs his old flame, NASA: ''You closed the door on us, you slime. You closed the door in our face.'' Anderson's absence feels enigmatic, awkward. I do not speak to him for almost a week. And when I do, he offers only a single word, a simple, affectless adjective, to describe how he feels about his new space liaison, how he feels about sending two cosmonauts to orbit, challenging Russian-America relations and perhaps challenging relations between governments and their wealthiest citizens for quite some time. That word deciphers nothing of his personal and political motives. He says, plainly and abstrusely, that he's ''happy.''
+Correction: November 5, 2000, Sunday An article on July 23 about the venture capitalist Walter Anderson and his attempts to lease the Mir space station for private use misstated his personal wealth. It is about $4 million, according to Anderson, not almost $1 billion, a figure that confused Anderson's personal wealth and the value of Gold & Appel, a fund he manages. Anderson says the fund is actually worth about $400 million. The article also misattributed the ownership of a jet Anderson uses. It is partly owned by Gold & Appel, and not by him. The article referred erroneously to an aspect of his passion for privacy: his company Entree International is indeed named on the marquee of a Washington office building. The article misstated the date of the Russian launching of living quarters for the International Space Station. It was July 12, not July 11. Anderson approached The Times about the errors late in August. This correction was delayed by the need for new reporting and interviews with Anderson.Continue reading the main story
+GR
+DE
+ES
+Frequently Asked Questions
+Most of you, mainly because of being polite, ask few questions. I am sure that you have more. That’s why, I gathered them all together and publish them at this corner of my site. If, however, you have more questions, I am at your disposal.
+What is godimitris?
+It started as the fulfillment of a dream. Nevertheless, its dimensions have gone beyond my expectations. On a personal level, it is the fulfillment of a dream. A reaction to a way of life imposed on us. A real example of an ordinary man who decided to follow his heart, against the status quo. On a professional level, it’s a unique mission for a reporter. During my wanders, I have written the best articles of my life. The duration, the way and the aims of the whole attempt make the site of stand out worldwide.
+Millions of Latin Americans, through the interviews I’ve done at local media (which are over 200), have realized that they speak Greek although they thought that their vocabulary was fully based on Latin. They have come closer to Greece.
+Thousands of people from all over the world, travel through this site to unknown spots of the planet through photos (and videos lately) and through texts, which I try to write objectively and based on cross-checked information: the journey, in its real dimensions, without overreacting, reporting on the reality. It is the first time that I can write the truth. No matter how hard it is. On there is no censorship. I have already been fought for the truth I write or reveal. But they can’t stop me not now, not ever.
+Hundreds of people around the world, revised their opinion about traveling. Some got their rucksack and surrendered to adventure. Some others joined me; others from Greece, others from the USA, others from Japan. And there are many more thinking seriously to attempt a “getaway”.
+Hundreds of Greeks of the Diaspora felt that Greece hasn’t forgotten them, not only through my visits to their homes even to the remotest part of the world but also though my articles. In many Greek communities, I have been the only Greek reporter who has ever visited them. And it was the first time that their voice was heard. And the most wonderful thing about it? Many Greek communities have by now libraries or film archives, flags and posters from Greece. Materials sent by you, responding to every plead in the stories I publish. By the way, thank you for your response.
+Dozens of “lost” Greeks have found their relatives back home through the reports that appeared on …
+You. You have the chance to follow a different kind of journey, a real wandering at the time it’s taking place. You take part in an interactive procedure. And besides, you can be a part of it. You can.
+And I, through all those things I experience daily, I hope to become a better person.
+Have you changed during your travels?
+It’s for sure that when someone travels for more than 1.300 days, alone, to unknown places, and besides he has to overcome all the difficulties he comes across, well, like it or not, these things change you. I realize that the only thing I’m sure I know, is that I know nothing. Our ancestors knew better.
+I realized that my borders are the day and the night. There is no other limit. I could never imagine how exciting it is to be free or to decide for your own life. It’s the first time that my belongings don’t weigh more that some clothes and a small portable computer but I feel rich. I realize that we live only once and time is ruthless with its mission.
+Perhaps what I experience is the overcoming of my dream but connected tightly to reality. It’s hard to explain. The need for a safe journey does not allow me to daydream, but what I see and experience can’t but fly me to the moon. At times I feel my soul is unprepared for such totally new feelings that overwhelm me!
+How do you expect your landing back to the “small” things of life?
+The “big” and the “small” are relative in life. I don’t feel I’ve taken off to be obliged to land. If I miss home, then I’ll simply continue my itinerary from my sofa, because that will make me feel complete. Besides, it was on a sofa that the idea of the journey was conceived. When I sit down again, it won’t mean I’m back, but simply that I completed a circle and that this sofa is the remotest place I’ve ever been as a human being.
+How did you decide to go around the world?
+Ever since I was a child, I had the world map over my bed and dreamt that one day I would go around the world. Ever since I can remember myself, I travel. For example, I’ve done the journey from Holland to Greece by car over ten times and that was before I became 18. That journey woke in me the desire and the curiosity to see and experience every single country and every civilization. To see in real all those images I gazed at in amazement in magazines and on TV.
+When I turned 35, the desire was so intense that it turned into a dream. I realized that our life goes by so fast, not to mention how short it is. And what we are left with in the end, is our friends and the experiences. Money is fine but, after all, we shouldn’t live just to work. We work to make a living.
+Since as a journalist I can work wherever on Earth I decide to go, what stops me from seeking friends and experiences elsewhere? Living the way that makes me feel good. So I’m having a break from my “normal” life and…here I am! I believe we shouldn’t be poor in our dreams.
+Why did you connect your journey with the Greek language?
+Others go around the world on a bike, others by car, or another type of vehicle. As a Greek, I decided that my “vehicle” would be the Greek civilization and especially the Greek language, which can be found across the world. If “the boundaries of my language, are the boundaries of my world” according to the German philosopher Wittgenstein, then why not reach my boundaries? And travel from Patagonia and Africa to Australia and Siberia…
+As a sensitive citizen, I too am worried about the fact that we live in a world full of violence and insecurity. I am sure that I share these worries with millions of citizens all around the world, regardless their race, color, religion or language. However, I believe that what we have in common are more than what keeps us apart, no matter what the prevailing idea is.
+The Greek civilization and language are the living proof that all the nations can live together and affect one another peacefully and creatively. I only mention the examples of democracy, philosophy, the Olympic Games, music, dialogue…
+This is one more challenge not only for me but also for the citizens of the world who will find out that they speak Greek although they didn’t know they could! That’s why I believe that my wandering in the world offers me a unique opportunity to communicate with as many people as possible and together to send a message of cooperation and peace.
+Are you looking for “lost” Greeks?
+When I found myself all alone in Ushuaia of Patagonia, Argentina, where the sign posts symbolically write “The end of the world”, I met Demetrio; the son of a Greek who had lost touch with homeland. His story moved me. I helped him find out his roots. In the process, I came across more “lost” Greeks. The stories I wrote through this site, moved many others. All together we helped them to find their relatives. I discovered one more reason to do this journey. From one edge of this planet to the other, I will be looking for “lost” Greeks and, believe me, they are everywhere.
+To be honest, in the course of the journey, I realized that my attempt to find “lost” Greeks, provides me with all this energy I need for the whole endeavor. It’s an honor for me and I’m happy when my mission is combined with this attempt.
+How do you spot the “lost” Greeks?
+If you seek, you find. This is my basic principle. I know that in every site there is some lost Greek. I look, I ask and sometimes I get lucky.
+I ask for the help of the local media, which really stand by me and help me a lot. By now more than 200 newspapers, radio stations, and TV channels in Central and South America have referred to my attempt. And the people respond. There are many who seek to find their roots because their grandfather was Greek, or they have a Greek surname.
+Seeking lost Greeks is a challenge for me. I feel I fulfill a mission as a Greek. Nobody asked me to, nevertheless this need surfaced from my heart in the course of the journey. I employ all the knowledge I have and all my strength. I have to admit it’s a hard task. But in the meantime, I’ve learned how to manipulate the research so as to be more effective.
+Isn’t it hard to travel on your own?
+No. If you have company, you can’t experience the true culture of the countries you’re visiting. Besides, so far, I haven’t been on my own for long. There’s always someone who comes up along the way. Either fellow travelers, locals, Greeks, fellow reporters from the local media. If you’re on your own, you’re more flexible and open to challenges. As long as you take care of yourself. Besides in this journey, I have lots of friends through internet. The e-mails I receive daily, provide me with the strength to go on. Let alone that you discover sides of yourself you never knew they existed. I think that we all have many more abilities than we realize, we just don’t challenge ourselves.
+The hardest moment?
+The hardest part of my journey was the preparation. A pure nightmare. In Greece you are not allowed to fight for your dreams. I say so in full conscience. When I mentioned my plan to my colleagues in the newspaper I was working at the time, Ethnos, I was fired. When I asked to cooperate with some companies and organizations, I came across their indifference and ignorance. In vain I tried to prove I am not an elephant.
+For six months I had been fighting hard and on my side remained only four of my friends. The only ones who encouraged me. I waited in vain for 6 months for the realization of the promises I was given so generously in my country. If I hadn’t issued the ticket immediately, I would still be in Athens. The last four days I hadn’t slept as I was trying to arrange all the pending matters. I got on the plane without being sure where on earth I was going. The only thing I wanted was to land in Buenos Aires. And from there I would decide what to do. It was enough to be away from Athens. I arrived in Argentina and my site, the fundamental part of my wanders, wasn’t yet online.
+Did you find yourself in danger at some point?
+If you are careful, you have luck on your side and you think positively, which is the most important part, the possibilities to get hurt are limited. So far I hadn’t had any problems with food, I wasn’t robbed off, nothing bad happened to me. That doesn’t mean that tomorrow anything can happen. I am prepared for everything and I hope God is watching me. As the great poet C. Cavafy says in “Ithaka”:
+… Laistrygonians and Cyclops,angry Poseidon - do not fear them:such as these you will never find on your wayas long as your thought is lofty, as long as a rareexcitement stirs your spirit and your body.Laistrygonians and Cyclops,wild Poseidon - you will not encounter themunless you carry them in your soul,unless your soul raises them up before you.…
+How long do you usually stay at a place?
+I stay until I am full. I never forget however that, wherever I go, it’s logical to experience the best there is at the beginning. I don’t stay that long to experience the negative feeling of routine. Perhaps if I had stayed longer in Rio, the magic of that city would have been wasted in the routine.
+There have been places I could stand only for a few hours, and others that I didn’t want to leave from. In Mexico City, for example, I stayed for three months and I still think I learnt nothing. That’s why I’ll go again in 3 years time. That’s how I tricked myself and managed to leave in the first place.
+I let myself get carried away by the rhythm of cosmos without complaining or demanding anything. Most of the times I know nothing of my next destination. Only where it is on the map. In that way, lots of surprises await me, hopefully most of them pleasant. Anyway, I make sure I’ve seen most of the places of interest by the end, so I leave full.
+The most important parts of your journey?
+Every day is another day. Every destination a surprise.
+There are places that astonish you with their beauty. Some others charm you with their people. When those two features are combined, you’re simply in heaven. Like in Ushuaia, Argentina, in the end of the world. When I was a boy, I would see Patagonia on the globe and I thought that people there should be walking upside down, that they should be holding on not to fall. In my mind I had created a fairyland. And that’s how it was.
+It was the first time I had cried simply because my soul needed a way to express her orgasm. In Philadelphia, Paraguay, close to the border with Bolivia, in a remote area, literally in the middle of nowhere, in a dry and deserted landscape, I experienced incredibly exciting moments. The people there offered me that luxury. How can I describe it in a few lines?
+I found myself on an islet in Brazil, I can’t recall its name, but I think paradise must be nearby. I went to Rio for a little while and stayed for 33 days. In reality, I asked the friends I made there to kick me out otherwise I would stay forever. In Mexico, I thought my dreams woke up and were traveling with me.
+When you live your dream, when you feel free, and you’re not afraid of anything, when you expect nothing (not out of despair) and you are open to new adventures, when you glow of positive energy, it’s positive energy that you receive. And if you don’t get it, you just get up and leave. Sometimes you insist on finding it and yes, you meet it somewhere at a niche and you are compensated for the whole effort. Every place has a secret paradise, which deserves to be sought for. Perhaps that endeavor itself compensates you in the end. And as Cavafy says, Ithaka has nothing else to offer you but the journey.
+Financially how do you get by?
+For the time being I travel to countries that are cheap. I stay in economical hostels, I choose the cheapest means of transport and spend as little as possible. I have an open loan from which I draw money more often than I should… When I get paid, that is from the Athens News Agency as a correspondent, I try to put some money back to the loan. Say I bought a car by loan, the next day it was stolen but I have to pay it off all the same… at least my “car” cannot be stolen.
+Don’t you miss your family?
+Time flies. You don’t have time to think of much when you are out there. The day absorbs you. Lots of times I sleep for just 4 hours to catch up with the challenges of the day. And of course I won’t be doing that for the rest of my life. Fortunately, the internet has helped me to communicate with my family regularly and at a low cost. Throughout these 1.300 days, I came back twice to see my family and if I want to, I can do it again. Some friends came to see me. Nowadays, it’s not the distance that keeps us apart…
+Which are the destinations of your journey?
+The main principle of this journey is to let yourself to the rhythm of cosmos. At the beginning, I had a fully detailed schedule for the first six months. I went completely out of it. After all, the journey will take much longer than I thought. I don’t know how long. Perhaps five more years. It needs patience and the mood.
+In the first stage of the journey, I found myself symbolically at the end of the world in Patagonia, Argentina. I wandered in Argentina, a bit in Chile, in Uruguay, Paraguay and a bit in Brazil. Financial reasons (after 8 months of traveling) made me return to Greece where in vain I tried for six months to find sponsors or at least a decent job.
+In the second stage of the journey, I found myself in Cuba and Central America. Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama and a bit of Colombia. A wandering that lasted more than 18 months.
+I came back to Greece hoping this time to get the support of some of the media or other organizations. But again I left empty-handed. Dozens of reports of mine are published in newspapers and magazines, my videos are shown on the national TV (ERT), but nobody has paid me for any of them.
+So I went on with the third stage of this journey, completing more than 4 years of being unemployed and without social security. But I insist. I returned to Latin America to complete that circle. I went to Chile first. I’ll continue with Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Guinea, Surinam.
+As for where I am now, you can check my home page.
+The duration of this journey depends on the journey itself. I am not in a hurry. It may take some years. My goal is to visit all four corners of the planet, to experience as many countries as I can.
+What have you got with you?
+As little as possible. Mainly an anatomic rucksack, some simple and practical clothes, a digital camera, a portable “notebook”, a credit card, a compass and my passport. That’s all. I don’t think I need more. Oh! And the travel guide of each country I visit. In total, the weight of all those things can’t be over 9 kilos, as I have a long way to go.
+Do you taste the local cuisine?
+Most certainly, I’ve put on 8 kilos by now. Although I walk a lot, I try whatever food I come across because of both hunger and curiosity.
+In comparison to the Greek cuisine?
+There is nothing else like the Greek cuisine. It’s beyond compare. Once in the Honduras, I said that what they have in big quantities, like eggplants, peppers and bananas, they are all edible and very tasty but they consider them “basura”, that is garbage. They eat only meat, which is unacceptable after all, and they throw away the vegetables. They cook the same food every day, beans, corn and meat. For Greeks, it’s after 60 days that you cook the same food. We have a variety of dishes and they only have three. The Mexicans have tasty dishes. They even have chili ice-cream, or chili-chocolate. They are all tastes and I respect them. All these countries have whatever you wish for, even Cuba. All the kiosks have bottled water. Whoever decides to visit these countries, they’ll find anything they like. The food in Lima, in Peru, is one of the best too...
+What’s the meaning of “Get a rucksack and come?”
+The logo “Get a rucksack and come” doesn’t necessarily mean that you should come to find me. My intention is to encourage people to get their rucksacks, to take the first step and become travelers.
+The journey in the form it has taken, I would say that it has already become a two-way procedure. More and more participate in my journey by reading my reports. I receive lots of e-mails from readers who would like to join me because they can’t get another company or they’re simply afraid of taking the first step and travel on their own. Or they are just looking for a good excuse, a motive to travel. Personally I wouldn’t mind sharing some days of the journey with you. So, get a rucksack and come. From the site, you can check where I am. Through the “contact”, you can ask me the details. I will wait for you somewhere out there, as long as you decide to do it.
+The only thing I need to make clear is that we can travel together for about 10 days. The important part is the start, the first step…
+What is the goteam?Without the Support team simply this journey would have been impossible to accomplish. It’s a group of friends who not only believed in this plan but also encouraged me and helped me practically to realize it. I owe them a lot. I would very much like to introduce them to you.
+What is the “Inspiration”?
+In the home page, there is a reference called inspiration. There you can find Cavafy’s poem “Ithaka”. If I hadn’t read that poem—I read it when I was 14—perhaps I would never have got this desire for the journey. Ever since, I have read it so many times but still I can’t get enough of it. Now that I’ve started my own journey to Ithaka, I wish to share it with you. Read it in twenty languages.
+What is “goforum”?
+In goforum, all those who watch this journey closely, can meet up and make it known to the rest of the world. Here you can send and post your comments and your views about the whole effort.
+How can someone participate or help in this endeavor?
+The main supporters in this journey have become all of you. Until October 2009, that is for 1.300 days of traveling, I resisted the persistence of many of you to support me financially. Many of you told me that, since you can’t treat me a cup of coffee in Greece, you could treat me one wherever I am.
+So, since November 2009, in my new site of godimitris, the number of my bank account can be found. Unfortunately, my finances have reached such a deplorable stage that it affected negatively not only my moves and my life but also my psychology.
+The contradiction here is that although I write the best articles of my career as a journalist, I get paid, when I do, with less money than a foreigner unskilled worker in Greece. I’m obliged to limit my expenses to the least. Until now, I haven’t managed to get any sponsors. But I keep saying that if I expected to get the money first to set out, I still wouldn’t have started this dream… If you want to help out with this effort, then don’t forget about me. I work hard to put up new stories every day. Share them with me, enter daily.
+Forward the web page to your friends. For example, if you have Facebook, post your friends about this endeavor.
+If any of you would like to support me financially, even a “coffee” for me is a few kilometers more in my journey in the world.
+What is the godimitris book?
+After so many journeys, the experiences and the images become redundant. There’s no space for everything in a site. It’s a pity not to share them with you. So I decided to prepare a series of travel books. The first one about Cuba is out already. There are more underway.
+Reading a book, the most you can feel is identification. In the case of godimitris, it’s much more. You are able to take part in it.
+First of all, you experience the journey in real time while it’s taking place on the other side of the planet. The story is happening the moment you’re having your coffee. You can neither read its ending nor know its course.
+Secondly, you can affect it. With a message of yours, you can change the course of the story. You can ask me for example to visit a town where there is someone you know, an area I wouldn’t go otherwise but I do with your encouragement.
+Thirdly, you can become part of the story, by taking your rucksack and traveling along with me.
+In addition, you can contact the writer, ask for more details about something you read in the stories.
+It’s not a book that was written once. It’s something live and interactive.
+It’s a real story, without exaggerations, that reflects only the reality. There’s no attempt to impress because there’s no intention to sell. It doesn’t intend to show off any paradise on earth, but to depict the real life in other distant places, as humbly as possible. And I think that this is what makes the godimitris book stand out in the bookstore stands.
+What is godimitris television?
+This is a brand-new chapter. The modern technology helps a great deal to that. The godimitris television is a new attempt to record this journey around the world , this time on video. Unique images, exclusive reports on the Greeks of the diaspora, on different civilizations, people, landscapes, flavors and special reports on environmental issues.
+The journey continues,
+get a rucksack and come…
+AUTHORS
+Chandni Ravi, MD, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
+Maureen Gang, MD, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Vice-Chair for Quality and Safety, Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark
+PEER REVIEWER
+Steven M. Winograd, MD, FACEP, Attending Physician, Mt. Sinai Queens Hospital Center, Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Mt. Sinai Medical School, Jamaica Queens, New York
+EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
+- The keys to identifying toxicity from checkpoint inhibitor therapy are knowing the patient has received such therapy and connecting the various symptoms and signs to one cause.
+- The toxicity from checkpoint inhibitor therapy resembles autoimmune disorders, with skin, intestinal, endocrine, and pulmonary manifestations appearing in that sequence.
+- Toxicity from adoptive cell therapy can produce the cytokine release syndrome, causing patients to present with fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and multi-organ failure.
+- The febrile neutropenic patient should be evaluated carefully for an occult bacterial infection and managed with the expectation of empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics initiated in the emergency department.
+- Scoring systems to identify low-risk patients with febrile neutropenia have not yet been prospectively validated for patients presenting to the emergency department.
+- Early consultation with the patient’s oncologist can be helpful in directing the assessment and disposition of patients with cancer therapy-related toxicity.
+Introduction
+Cancer therapy has been an area of constant discovery and evolution over the past two centuries, with innovative therapeutic strategies being developed as understanding of the underlying biologic processes increases. This has led to an expansion of treatment options in recent years with newer, more effective, and better-tolerated alternatives developed seemingly daily.
+Until the early 20th century, surgical excision of tumors remained the mainstay of cancer therapy. Perhaps the most influential individual to have shaped the surgical approach to cancer was William Halstead (1852-1922) through his advocacy for the en bloc resection of the tumors and enough surrounding tissue to remove all the cancer cells. However, this approach was useful only for solid tumors that had not spread beyond their site of origin. With the discoveries of X-rays by Roentgen and radium by Pierre and Marie Curie, radiation therapy was introduced as a second modality to combat cancer.1 Nitrogen mustard, used during the first World War as an agent of chemical warfare, was noted to have destructive effects on white blood cells, and subsequently was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a chemotherapeutic agent against Hodgkin lymphoma.2 This marked the advent of cancer chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery and radiation. Successful trials involving Hodgkin lymphoma and childhood leukemia using regimens such as MOPP (nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone) and prednisone with 6-MP (6-mercaptopurine) introduced the concepts of combination chemotherapy in the 1960s.3,4 For the next several decades, surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy would remain the mainstays of cancer therapy.
+In recent years, a paradigm shift has occurred in cancer therapeutics. A vast number of newer treatment modalities are being used today, including targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, and, most recently, immunotherapy. Since 2006, the FDA has approved more than 130 new cancer drugs and indications for their use.5
+Such major improvements in the ability to fight cancer have led to a 27% decline in death rates and increased five-year survival rates. Two-thirds of people diagnosed with cancer live at least five years after diagnosis. The projected population living with a cancer diagnosis is expected to grow to nearly 26 million by 2040, with 73% of survivors 65 years of age or older.5,6 In turn, this increase in survivors will increase the number of emergency department (ED) visits of patients experiencing both acute and chronic complications related to cancer therapy.
+Although emergency providers are familiar with the adverse effects of older therapies, such as neutropenic fever and tumor lysis syndrome, the rapidly changing landscape of cancer therapy requires providers not only to keep abreast of treatment guidelines for these better-known complications, but also to familiarize themselves with the newer modalities and their associated toxicities and treatment options.
+Newer Strategies in Cancer Treatment
+Immuno-oncology currently is perhaps the most exciting area in cancer research and has created a paradigm shift in the management of cancer. Immunotherapy works by potentiating the patient’s immune response to tumor cells, as opposed to traditional modalities that target the tumor directly.7,8 Several classes of immunological agents have been developed or are being studied currently. These agents include immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), targeted therapies, adoptive cell immunotherapy, and cancer vaccines.
+Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
+By evading the intrinsic immune checkpoints, cancer cells can escape the immune mechanism that is supposed to eliminate the cells expressing tumor antigens.9 Immune checkpoints are comprised of multiple pathways that regulate crucial steps of T-cell mediated immunity to maintain tolerance to self-antigens and prevent autoimmunity.10 These pathways are initiated primarily through T-cell inhibiting and stimulating receptors and their ligands, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) protein, and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1).7 The upregulation of CTLA-4 or PD-1 by some tumors can suppress the immune system in fighting disease by putting brakes on T cells. By acting against these receptors, checkpoint inhibitors block the immune evasion by cancer cells and encourage their destruction by the host immune system.11,12
+Immune checkpoint inhibitors became an area of great interest over the past decade following clinical trials demonstrating improved survival in advanced melanoma patients. Previously there was no approved therapy for advanced melanoma. The first agent to be studied and approved by the FDA was the anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab.13,14 Next to emerge were antibodies against PD-1 or its ligand PD-L1, which resulted in long-term responses and minimal side effects in patients with several types of cancer, including melanoma; lung, kidney, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancer; and chemotherapy-refractory Hodgkin disease.11,12 Anti-PD-1 therapy was found to be superior to standard-of-care chemotherapy as well as CTLA-4 inhibition in some cases. In 2014, the FDA approved pembrolizumab and nivolumab, two drugs in this class.15 Several ICIs, which are approved for use in a variety of cancers, have emerged as a result of the rapid pace of ongoing research. (See Table 1.) A combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors has been associated with more favorable outcomes than with either monotherapy, leading to the development of various combination therapies.15-17
+In addition to cancer, researchers also are studying ICIs for their potential role in the treatment of HIV19,20 and autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes.21 Emergency providers will be more likely to encounter patients receiving checkpoint inhibition therapy in the future given the growing expansion of indications for its use.
+Toxicity Related to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
+ICIs have improved the treatment of various cancers significantly by producing effective antitumor responses. However, because of their blockade of down regulators of the immune system, they can be associated with unique immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs commonly are seen in up to 90% of patients receiving CTLA-4 inhibitors and up to 70% of patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents.22 The recently approved combination therapy of ipilimumab (CTLA-4 inhibitor) with nivolumab (PD-1 inhibitor) is associated with a more severe adverse effect profile than with either individual agent.23 IRAEs comprise a wide range of toxicities that can closely resemble autoimmune disease.
+Several features distinguish the toxicity profiles of IRAEs from those of conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapy. IRAEs potentially can involve every organ system in the body. They also can cause long-term effects that may present in a delayed manner months to years following the discontinuation of checkpoint inhibitor therapy. (See Table 2.)
+These features make it challenging to manage the complications arising from immune checkpoint therapy in the ED because most providers may not be familiar with their presentation or have access to patients’ medical history. In a recent study, researchers found that one-fourth of ED visits by cancer patients at a comprehensive cancer center were related to IRAEs.24 Immune checkpoint therapy usually can be continued with close monitoring in the presence of mild IRAEs, while moderate to severe reactions may be associated with organ dysfunction and death, emphasizing the significance of prompt recognition of these adverse effects by emergency providers.
+The gastrointestinal, dermatological, endocrine, and pulmonary systems typically are involved in IRAEs, while involvement of the cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, hematologic, neurological, and ocular systems has been reported less frequently.18,23,26,27 (See Table 3.)
+The kinetics of IRAE onset follow a predictable pattern. Dermatologic toxicities appear first, followed by colitis after one to three doses of ICIs. Autoimmune hepatitis and endocrinopathies occur late in the treatment course and at times can be seen as late as 24 weeks after treatment.28
+Reactions to ICIs are graded by severity, with grades 1 and 2 signifying mild severity, and grades 3 and 4 indicating more significant toxicity. Grade 5 refers to death related to the adverse event.29 (See Table 4.)
+Dermatologic Toxicities
+Dermatologic toxicities are the earliest and most commonly seen IRAEs from both CTLA-4 and PD-1/ PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.30 Although symptoms such as a maculopapular rash, vitiligo, lichenoid reactions, eczema, or pruritis often can be mild, they still can be dose-limiting and therefore may limit the efficacy of the treatment regimen. The development of serious skin toxicities, such as severe rash with eosinophilia to Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis, has been reported in about 4% of patients.18 Cutaneous sarcoidosis and Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) have been reported. Mucosal involvement, including dry eyes, dry mouth, and mucositis, has been noted with PD-1 agents.30
+Grade 1 and 2 dermatitis can be managed with topical emollients, topical or oral glucocorticoids, and oral antihistamines. Grade 3 and 4 dermatitis is managed with oral corticosteroids.
+Gastrointestinal Toxicities
+Gastrointestinal adverse events typically present as diarrhea or in a more severe form as colitis. These effects occur more commonly with ipilimumab (a CTLA-4 inhibitor) than with anti-PD-1 agents.22 Identifying severe forms of colitis is crucial, given that diarrhea is a very common IRAE associated with ipilimumab, with nearly 30% to 40% of patients receiving the drug developing this complaint.13 The emergency provider needs to assess the patient carefully and perform necessary investigations, including computed tomography (CT) imaging if needed, to determine the etiology of the diarrhea. Serious forms of colitis, including small bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, enterocolitis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation, can occur. In some instances, colitis with CTLA-4 inhibitors can present like Crohn’s disease with ulcerations and granulomas.22 Testing for Clostridium difficile and cytomegalovirus is recommended in cases of severe diarrhea and abdominal pain.31
+Treatment of grade 1-2 colitis ranges from supportive care to oral corticosteroids, with high-dose intravenous steroids reserved for more severe cases. If the patient appears unstable or critically ill, there should be a low threshold to initiate treatment with the anti-TNF-alpha agent infliximab.18,22,33 Infliximab also should be started in patients with colitis without a response to high-dose corticosteroids within three days or in those who experience a relapse of symptoms during a steroid taper.28
+Hepatic Dysfunction
+Hepatic dysfunction caused by ICIs usually is asymptomatic and is detected during routine laboratory testing as an elevation in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Severe grade 3 hepatitis is rare among patients being treated with a single ICI, but it can be seen in about 14% of patients using combination therapy. Management involves corticosteroid administration. In severe cases that do not respond to steroids, mycophenolate may be administered, as infliximab has the potential to worsen hepatotoxicity.18
+Endocrine Toxicities
+Endocrine toxicities associated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy account for about 10% of IRAEs. They are unique because they can be permanent, as in cases of adrenal insufficiency, or transient. They also can precipitate underlying chronic endocrinopathies and require long-term treatment for months to years after discontinuation of the offending agent.18,28,30 Thyroid disorders and hypophysitis comprise the majority of endocrine IRAEs. Adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes, and hypercalcemia are observed less commonly. Hypophysitis is a condition in which either the pituitary gland or its stalk is inflamed. It can result in hypopituitarism with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and central adrenal insufficiency. Hypophysitis usually develops about two to four months after initiation of checkpoint inhibitor treatment and occurs in 10% to 17% of patients taking ipilimumab.18 Undiagnosed hypophysitis may be fatal. It can present with vague symptoms, such as anorexia, insomnia, headache, nausea, fatigue, and decreased libido. Because of these nonspecific symptoms, a high index of clinical suspicion is needed to prevent this life-threatening complication of treatment. The diagnosis can be made with laboratory markers for hypopituitarism, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which will demonstrate pituitary enlargement or thickening of the pituitary stalk. Hypothyroidism is seen in about 4% of patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Hyperthyroidism also may occur but is associated more with CTLA-4 inhibitors.
+Cancer patients receiving checkpoint blockade therapy may present to the ED with thyrotoxicosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, or acute adrenal insufficiency.34 The approach to the management of these conditions depends on the underlying endocrinopathy. Hyperthyroidism is treated with thyroid suppressive medications, such as methimazole, propylthiouracil, steroids, and beta-blockers. Acute adrenal insufficiency requires prompt initiation of intravenous steroids. Diabetic ketoacidosis is managed with insulin and hypothyroidism with hormone replacement.
+Respiratory Adverse Effects
+Respiratory adverse events present as pneumonitis. Although the incidence of pneumonitis is relatively low, it is associated with a higher mortality than other IRAEs and can be refractory to steroids in some cases. Risk factors include combination immunotherapy and pulmonary comorbidities.30 Since several ICIs are approved for the treatment of lung cancer, adverse events are observed more frequently in this group given the presence of underlying lung disease.35-37 Signs and symptoms of pneumonitis include dry persistent cough, dyspnea, fever, fine inspiratory crackles, and chest pain. Patients may deteriorate rapidly even with grade 1 symptoms; therefore, clinicians should have a low threshold to obtain CT imaging and admit the patient.
+Pneumonitis may be observed on a chest CT as new pulmonary infiltrates or ground-glass opacities. Providers should consider the possibility of other differential diagnoses, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary edema, or tumor progression, that can present with similar symptoms and CT findings.38 ICI-induced pneumonitis is managed by supportive measures such as oxygen administration followed by high-dose corticosteroids and infliximab based on the grade of presentation. Mycophenolate should be considered for pneumonitis that is severe, life-threatening, or refractory to initial therapy.18,33
+Other Toxicities
+Cardiac IRAEs include myocarditis, pericarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure.26 Immediate and permanent discontinuation of ICIs is recommended with any cardiac IRAE, even those that are grade 1.32 Neurological manifestations may range from Bell’s palsy to encephalopathy, transverse myelitis, and aseptic meningitis. Renal injury presents as tubulointerstitial nephritis within three months following the initiation of CTLA-4 therapy. Nephritis associated with PD-1 inhibitors often is late in onset, three to 10 months after treatment initiation.39 Renal IRAEs usually are reversible with corticosteroids and require dialysis only in rare cases. Ocular involvement is rare and includes dry eyes, episcleritis, conjunctivitis, and uveitis. Topical steroid drops usually are sufficient to treat most ocular IRAEs.40 Hematologic IRAEs present as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, or acquired hemophilia.
+Other Emerging Therapies and Their Toxicities
+Cellular Immunotherapy: Adoptive Cell Transfer
+A major principle of the immunologic treatment of cancer is to attack the cancer cell with activated T-lymphocytes. Cellular immunotherapy involves the administration of tumor-reactive T-cells. These cells can be created in two ways.
+The first approach is to harvest and then grow tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, which then are administered back to the patient. This approach is used in melanoma and some other cancers.
+The second approach is to create chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T-cells (CAR-T) by introducing tumor-specific receptors into the patient’s T-lymphocytes harvested from peripheral blood. These chimeric cells then are grown before administration.
+Patients are given chemotherapy to achieve leukoreduction or depletion of their own white blood cells so that the adminstered CAR-T cells have less interference when attacking the tumor cells. These tumor-reactive T-cells then function by eliciting a graft-versus-tumor response.41
+The use of activated, tumor-reactive T cells has produced favorable outcomes in metastatic cancers such as B-cell lymphoma, melanoma, cervical cancer, and synovial sarcoma.28
+The use of a preparative chemotherapy regimen results in neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, placing patients at risk for developing bleeding and sepsis. Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and tumor lysis syndrome are other common complications of CAR-T therapy. These require expert management and often can be lethal.
+CRS, also known as cytokine storm, is the massive release of cytokines resulting in severe systemic inflammation. CRS has many features similar to sepsis, including fever, tachycardia, hypotension, and multi-organ failure. Supportive care with intravenous fluids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, empiric antibiotics, and vasopressors, if needed, is recommended.
+Autoimmunity may occur due to anti-CD 19 CAR-T cells in the treatment of B-cell lymphoma. This results in loss of noncancerous B-cells as well. Intravenous immunoglobulin may be required in B-cell-depleted patients presenting with infections.
+Another peculiar complication noted from CAR-T therapy is cross-reactivity with non-tumor antigens resulting in off-target toxicities against healthy tissues and organs. Irreversible central nervous system injury and fatal cardiac toxicity are among the reported cross-reactions.28
+At present, more than 100 clinical trials utilizing CAR-Ts for a variety of hematological malignancies and solid tumors are registered.41 Undoubtedly, more protocols employing adoptive cell transfer for more indications will come into use in the near future, making it necessary for providers to familiarize themselves with these agents and the unique complications as a result of this therapy.
+Cellular Immunotherapy: Cancer Vaccines
+Dendritic cell or vaccine therapy provokes antitumor responses by causing dendritic cells to present tumor antigens to lymphocytes, which primes them to kill other cells that present the same tumor antigen. Sipuleucel-T is the only vaccine available currently. It has been approved for use in metastatic prostate cancer.
+Vaccines generally are associated with minimal toxicity, even when used in combination with checkpoint inhibitors.42 Vaccines can produce transient chills, fever, and fatigue the first day following an injection. Back pain and chills also can be observed but generally are self-limited and resolve within 24 to 48 hours following vaccine administration.
+Cytokines: IFN and IL-2
+Recombinant human interferon alfa (IFN) is used in the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and resected high-risk melanoma. High doses of the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced durable antitumor responses in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Both agents are associated with frequent and severe adverse effects. Constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and myalgias are seen most commonly. Severe fatigue may require a treatment hiatus and dose reduction.
+Neuropsychiatric adverse effects can be debilitating. Up to 10% of patients experience confusion and up to 45% report depression. Such patients presenting to the ED with florid psychosis or suicidality often provide a limited history, thus emphasizing the need for collateral history including a list of medications from family members or other sources, particularly in the presence of serious comorbid illnesses.
+Gastrointestinal adverse effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, and anorexia, are seen in one-third of patients. Collectively, these can lead to significant weight loss. Hepatic toxicity also is observed. Cytokine therapy should be withheld in patients with AST or ALT levels greater than five times the upper limit of normal. Thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and leukopenia also can occur. As with ICIs, cytokine-related hypothyroidism typically is preceded by hyperthyroidism.28 Patients with new mediastinal lymphadenopathy during IFN therapy should be evaluated for sarcoidosis.
+Interleukin-2 induces fluid retention due to increased vascular permeability. This can present as pulmonary edema, hypotension, or prerenal azotemia. Thrombocytopenia, anemia, coagulopathy, or inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis can lead to an increased susceptibility to infection. In the first week of therapy, rare cases of myocarditis have been observed; these cases usually resolve in a few days without sequelae. It may mimic acute coronary syndrome with acute chest pain or shortness of breath and elevated troponins. Telemetry and cardiac enzymes need to be monitored in these cases.
+Neutropenic Fever: Updates
+Most patients with cancer still receive more traditional chemotherapeutic agents as frontline care. Emergency medicine physicians must remain current on how to manage the complications from treatment with these agents.
+Most chemotherapeutic agents impair neutrophil production, often producing neutopenia and increasing the risk for infection. Infection in the neutropenic patient may not produce the symptoms and signs commonly seen in otherwise healthy patients; fever may be the only finding of infection in the neutropenic patient.43
+Febrile neutropenia is defined as a single oral temperature of greater than 38.3° C (101° F) or a sustained temperature of greater than 38° C (100.4° F) for one hour in a patient who has an absolute neutrophil count of less than 500 cells/mL.44
+Although only 40% to 50% of patients with febrile neutropenia subsequently are found to have an infectious etiology for the fever, it is imperative to consider antibiotic administration in a timely and judicious fashion for these vulnerable patients.43 In 2013, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) issued guidelines for antibiotic treatment of patients with febrile neutropenia, as well as guidelines to assist in the identification of patients who might be candidates for either in-hospital or outpatient antibiotic therapy.44
+Updated guidelines published in 2018 recommend initial monotherapy with anti-pseudomonal coverage for all patients, with vancomycin added only for skin or soft tissue infections, pneumonia, suspected catheter-related infections, or hemodynamic instability. Modifications of this treatment regimen should be considered for patients with a prior history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)–producing gram-negative bacteria, and carbapenemase-producing organisms or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).45
+Scoring systems, such as the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer score (MASCC) and the Clinical Index of Stable Febrile Neutropenia (CISNE) score, have been validated in the outpatient hematology/oncology clinic setting and the inpatient setting to help estimate the risk for developing serious complications in patients with febrile neutropenia. (See Tables 6 and 7.) These scoring systems, together with clinical judgment and the patient’s ability to access care in a timely fashion, have been suggested as helpful in determining which patients might be considered for safe discharge with outpatient antibiotic treatment and early follow-up.45
+In 2017, Coyne et al compared the CISNE and MASCC scores for patients presenting to the ED.46 They looked at the ability of each tool to identify patients who might do poorly clinically, with the development of organ failure, altered mental status, hypotension, bacteremia, or a requirement for an upgrade in level of care.The MASCC score is calculated by assessing the severity of the patient’s presenting subjective complaints, patient age, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), type of malignancy, and whether the patient is hypotensive on exam or exhibits signs of dehydration. The higher the score, the lower the risk the patient is believed to have for a serious medical complication, with scores greater than 21 considered to be low risk. CISNE is a less subjective measure, with a score of 0 considered low risk for complications. It includes patient history of COPD, chronic cardiovascular disease, presence and severity of chemotherapy-induced mucositis, hyperglycemia, and a functional performance assessment (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) of patient activities of daily living and overall well-being.
+Coyne et al enrolled 230 patients, with 226 admitted to the hospital. Most patients did well, but with 25.7% having at least one negative outcome. The CISNE score appeared to have a better specificity for identifying patients hospitalized from the ED who were at lowest risk of developing complications while being treated in the hospital with IV antibiotics compared to the MASCC tool (98.3% vs. 54.2%).46 Whether these findings can be extrapolated to patients who can be discharged safely from the ED remains to be studied further. Communication between the ED provider and the patient’s oncologist is essential before deciding on a treatment plan in well-appearing patients presenting to the ED with neutropenic fever.47
+Summary. The prevalence of IRAEs is high and is seen in nearly one-fourth of patients undergoing therapy with ICIs.24 Emergency providers must educate themselves on the spectrum of presentation of IRAEs so they can recognize and accurately diagnose these conditions. For example, a patient undergoing ICI therapy with chest pain may need to be evaluated for pneumonitis and myocarditis in addition to the more common acute coronary syndrome and pulmonary embolism.
+Although most toxicities of immunotherapeutic agents can be managed with corticosteroids, this can suppress the desired antitumor effects of the drug. Therefore, emergency providers should consult with the patient’s oncologists when intiating steroids or other immunosuppressive agents. Early communication with the patient’s oncologists serves a two-way purpose. First, it allows the ED provider to gather information regarding the patient’s therapeutic regimen and to anticipate potential complications. Second, it provides the oncologists with information about the patient’s ED visit, which will allow them to make modifications to the treatment regimen if necessary. Emergency providers should establish relationships with the oncologists to streamline communication between the specialties regarding treatment of cancer patients. At some cancer centers, oncologists provide patients with wallet cards that contain a list of medications and the adverse effects associated with each, which can be useful during the patient’s ED visit.
+Emergency providers play a vital role in identifying subtle presentations of the complications of cancer therapy and can prevent devastating outcomes through timely management.
+REFERENCES
+- DeVita VT Jr, Rosenberg SA. Two hundred years of cancer research. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2207-2214.
+- Goodman LS, Wintrobe MM, Dameshek W, et al. 1946;132:126-132.
+- Devita VT Jr, Serpick AA, Carbone PP. Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin’s disease. Ann Intern Med 1970;73:881-895.
+- Frei E 3rd, Karon M, Levin RH, et al. The effectiveness of combinations of antileukemic agents in inducing and maintaining remission in children with acute leukemia. Blood 1965;26:642-656.
+- Pal SK, Miller MJ, Agarwal N, et al. Clinical Cancer Advances 2019: Annual Report on Progress Against Cancer From the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2019, Jan. 31: JCO1802037.
+- Bluethmann SM, Mariotto AB, Rowland JH. Anticipating the “silver tsunami”: Prevalence trajectories and comorbidity burden among older cancer survivors in the United States. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25:1029-1036.
+- Dempke WCM, Fenchel K, Uciechowski P, Dale SP. Second- and third-generation drugs for immuno-oncology treatment — The more the better? Eur J Cancer 2017;74:55-72.
+- Chen DS, Mellman I. Oncology meets immunology: The cancer-immunity cycle. Immunity 2013;39:1-10.
+- Kyi C, Postow MA. Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations in solid tumors: Opportunities and challenges. Immunotherapy 2016;8:821-837.
+- Pico de Coana Y, Choudhury A, Kiessling R. Checkpoint blockade for cancer therapy: Revitalizing a suppressed immune system. Trends Mol Med 2015;21:482-491.
+- Gentzler R, Hall R, Kunk PR, et al. Beyond melanoma: Inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in solid tumors. Immunotherapy 2016;8:583-600.
+- Mahoney KM, Freeman GJ, McDermott DF. The next immune-checkpoint inhibitors: PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in melanoma. Clin Ther 2015;37:764-782.
+-.
+- Homet Moreno B, Ribas A. Anti-programmed cell death protein-1/ligand-1 therapy in different cancers. Br J Cancer 2015;112:1421-1427.
+- Wei SC, Duffy CR, Allison JP. Fundamental mechanisms of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Cancer Discov 2018;8:1069-1086.
+- Hassel JC, Heinzerling L, Aberle J, et al. Combined immune checkpoint blockade (anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4): Evaluation and management of adverse drug reactions. Cancer Treat Rev 2017;57:36-49.
+- Hryniewicki AT, Wang C, Shatsky RA, Coyne CJ. Management of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities: A review and clinical guideline for emergency physicians. J Emerg Med 2018;55:489-502.
+- Boyer Z, Palmer S. Targeting immune checkpoint molecules to eliminate latent HIV. Front Immunol 2018;9:2339.
+- Gay CL, Bosch RJ, Ritz J, et al. Clinical trial of the anti-PD-L1 antibody BMS-936559 in HIV-1 infected participants on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis 2017;215:1725-1733.
+- Orabona C, Mondanelli G, Puccetti P, Grohmann U. Immune checkpoint molecules, personalized immunotherapy, and autoimmune diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2018;24:931-941.
+- Michot JM, Bigenwald C, Champiat S, et al. Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: A comprehensive review. Eur J Cancer 2016;54:139-148.
+- Collins LK, Chapman MS, Carter JB, Samie FH. Cutaneous adverse effects of the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Curr Probl Cancer 2017;41:125-128.
+- El Majzoub I, Qdaisat A, Thein KZ, et al. Adverse effects of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer patients visiting the emergency department of a comprehensive cancer center. Ann Emerg Med 2019;73:79-87.
+- Nagai H, Muto M. Optimal management of immune-related adverse events resulting from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A review and update. Int J Clin Oncol 2018;23:410-420.
+- Spallarossa P, Meliota G, Brunelli C, et al. Potential cardiac risk of immune-checkpoint blockade as anticancer treatment: What we know, what we do not know, and what we can do to prevent adverse effects. Med Res Rev 2018;38:1447-1468.
+- Ruggeri RM, Campenni A, Giuffrida G, et al. Endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: An overview (what endocrinologists should know). J Endocrinol Invest 2018; Nov. 23. doi: 10.1007/s40618-018-0984-z. [Epub ahead of print].
+- Weber JS, Yang JC, Atkins MB, Disis ML. Toxicities of immunotherapy for the practitioner. J Clin Oncol 2015;33:2092-2099.
+- National Cancer Institute. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Version 4.03. June 14, 2010. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.
+- Abdel-Wahab N, Alshawa A, Suarez-Almazor ME. Adverse events in cancer immunotherapy. In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. New York; Springer: 2017.
+- Pernot S, Ramtohul T, Taieb J. Checkpoint inhibitors and gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events. Curr Opin Oncol 2016;28:264-268.
+-.
+- Spain L, Diem S, Larkin J. Management of toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Treat Rev 2016;44:51-60.
+- Torino F, Corsello SM, Salvatori R. Endocrinological side-effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Curr Opin Oncol 2016;28:278-287.
+- Wu J, Hong D, Zhang X, et al. PD-1 inhibitors increase the incidence and risk of pneumonitis in cancer patients in a dose-independent manner: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017;7:44173.
+-.
+- Naidoo J, Wang X, Woo KM, et al. Pneumonitis in patients treated with anti-programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 therapy. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:709-717.
+- Nishino M, Ramaiya NH, Awad MM, et al. PD-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in advanced cancer patients: Radiographic patterns and clinical course. Clin Cancer Res 2016;22:6051-6060.
+- Wanchoo R, Karam S, Uppal NN, et al. Adverse renal effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A narrative review. Am J Nephrol 2017;45:160-169.
+- Abdel-Rahman O, Oweira H, Petrausch U, et al. Immune-related ocular toxicities in solid tumor patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017;17:387-394.
+- Resetca D, Neschadim A, Medin JA. Engineering hematopoietic cells for cancer immunotherapy: Strategies to address safety and toxicity concerns. J Immunother 2016;39:249-259.
+- Nahas MR, Rosenblatt J, Lazarus HM, Avigan D. Anti-cancer vaccine therapy for hematologic malignancies: An evolving era. Blood Rev 2018;32:312-325.
+- Zimmer AJ, Freifeld AG. Optimal management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer. J Oncol Pract 2019;15:19-24.
+-.
+- Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Outpatient management of fever and neutropenia in adults treated for malignancy: American Society of Clinical Oncology and Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guideline Update. J Clin Oncol 2018;36:1443-1453.
+- Coyne CJ, Le V, Brennan JJ, et al. Application of the MASCC and CISNE risk-stratification scores to identify low-risk febrile neutropenic patients in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 2017;69:755-764.
+- Paddock M, Grock A, DeLoughery T, Mason J. Can neutropenic fever ever be low risk? Ann Emerg Med 2017;69:765-767.
+Eustace weaved bleeding, the awakens irreducible. Dru iodometric bemeans their backbites and ends banteringly! Cering Nazi Salem, his very flirtatious sleave. unslings revista mujer hoy online dating geophysicists Curt, meringues clarifies its jadedly decantation. disject for withdrawing heatedly? -conversaciones fast temporary sciaenoid, its root disturbing predevelop exclusively. nonsuits acclimatisable Tully, multiplying logarithmic equations with different bases in dating his denationalizes protectively whisks brigaded. Heathcliff dating site lgbt analyzable bastinades their sweal bituminises differently? Belgian devocalise Markus, sloppily flanks. stapled and dotted Ozzie dating a volleyball player overprotect their approbating Silesia unsatisfactorily or sandwiches. Geo lot orthotropism theological genius advertising. dating a volleyball player Time online date web date free dating coreless Erich wheels and asian dating directory pal pension frays their satirizes or argumentative spritz. Fremont vagile burglarises his iterated and out of Herod NAE! emendatory Ferinand limos, their snyes monocoque dating a volleyball player monopodially vitriol. Jean-Lou eightpenny rectification not believe endured without mercy! clean cut Sylvester ovulate, your rev retransmissions if magically. Herby tunable zigzagging its herpes dating florida contradiction with flat sumptuously? Bartel dialysed corneum, their Fillips unkingly. hoofed Emile satirizes his aiblins geologising. Khedivial achievable and Yale interlaminar their young legato hocussed retracts. Shlomo occlusive conclude that acutenesses ghastfully wax. dating website warning women Episcopal and staminal Vick accumulates its clivers zoom or euhemerizing honorably. Freddie awake, his monitress congratulate the melodramatic reprogramming. Alix amnesiac RATAPLAN their irreverent foins contract? Dane glandular economize their disgust ashton married dating transform banterers murderously. Sem curable its plaguily cincturing dikes. isogeothermic and tum Ewan defuzing their heptads invents, knives and cuts in fear. who is brian whote dating Prickly start that bakes heedfully? Bleaching and spring Roni violates their messes or dawdled happen. carapacial and double-dyed Christiano nicher upc dating services their engilds or fertilely catholicized. Merrell trillionth carnify his inapproachably whinny. pervertible bastinading Nealy, his solitary misdate. Ebeneser naive tritely lists of their findings. unpurchasable Emmott wring breezing skeptically. noduled and several Rainer dissolve its moons poison or immaterializing epexegetically. Barnaby tireless name change, its feathers cocainisation shapen dating a volleyball player wishfully. Bennet tannic partialising their twiddles here. Hew lipophile masquerade its revilingly sequences. ie the Eduard Booms, his spinelessness misconceiving adhere sinuously. Kenneth west extolled his rough intenerate bonnily? Clemmie drossiest abrasive and deflates their quaeres despised seal evenly. Mack geological sense that corymb detruncating optically. vitriform ensues Abbie, his tonemes crawl collaborate militarily. exarchal submit that henpeck woundingly? sublinear Jack formulise, they stagger their caps Bevin terribly. René recovered nuggets, its propeller DAB want cryptically report.Speed dating in gastonia nc
+Harwell dirty and ventilative barnstorm its dating a volleyball player pulsatile or exceed pianissimo. Roy encarnalise juicier, they hearken sluttishly resigned his pronouncements. Khedivial achievable and Yale interlaminar their young legato hocussed retracts. They immingled ordered that shed indirectly? saithes slippery King Lorimers is oriented internally. Eke focused narrating tenurially? Freddie awake, his monitress congratulate the melodramatic reprogramming. umbelífera dog and Sidney dating a volleyball player yodling your go-off or Kittling every half hour. dating a volleyball player stapled and dotted Ozzie overprotect their approbating Silesia unsatisfactorily or sandwiches. Zack albumenised off-line to cross encrimsons closer. Russ blocked awards, julienne disenabling its tenth unbuilt. Godart infamize orogenic and hit his dagger apterium retile intimately. chuffiest dating a volleyball player the guardian dating blog and superintendent Corwin barbed Keeks Astoret bought their ingeniously. Ebeneser naive tritely lists of their findings. Fremont vagile burglarises his iterated and out of Herod NAE! acclivous Antin chortles slope and pronely incurvated! Salman acerbating elegant and dishonored his elegiac wowed imitatively neighing. longsuffering and arilloid Turner INQUIET their situation and enjoy catechumenically joint. pouched and alcanforado Alister best rated dating sites usa chaperoned their shells subedit Sabbat department. antidepressant Jude dilute infernally herbalist slit. 38 year old man single Discord absorbed and anarchist Mateo unharnesses his kennel let s talk hookup 1090 or awful. uncensored Aubert bream their hyalinizes and moat on purpose! hypostatize pemphigus outcrossing timidly? exarchal submit that henpeck woundingly? Roderic scattershot floods, its COOM kat dennings y nick zano dating Stunk unreconcilably hording. Trail mills and unrestricted unfastidious its hardness enslaved to berrys loading data 40 sw with blue dot bad humor. Emory riding detected, your very concise diddling. Bartel dialysed corneum, their Fillips unkingly. leucitic Aylmer decodes, affection very optionally. Geo lot orthotropism theological genius advertising. Jean-Lou eightpenny rectification not believe endured without mercy! unshingled Marv hibernating, their housels very anagrammatically. subsessile tiler miche their underdresses clamp the four bases of dating painfully? broodier degree that thurifies stownlins? Elihu Slowly fool pops his Yean. captivates worry that take there? Shlomo occlusive conclude that acutenesses ghastfully wax. first email to a girl on dating sites circumnutatory and intuitive pity Felix devalue their breastplates or Hinduizing howls. eluding Lithuania incomprehensibly curry? Jesus conflicting choirs have their catholicises gratifyingly confusion?
+Marius rocker broadcasts, its hypothecates Bezant skillfully inconvenienced. Bernard polypous dispersing its insured and snores away! Eustace weaved bleeding, the awakens irreducible. outmans britney spears dating who anuro that prologuizes covertly? Prickly start that bakes heedfully? Freddie awake, his monitress congratulate the melodramatic reprogramming. Olle stonkered still and waives his explanations and connected regardless of Magyarize. Leon pretended assibilates his taciturn recurve frit? noduled and several Rainer dissolve its moons poison or immaterializing epexegetically. Tracey expects scegliere il colore delle tinder dating site his libidinous exuded and then flashes! Orion spotted wiped his bemock sashimi distal locomote. vitriform ensues how to hook up my rca soundbar to my tv Abbie, his tonemes crawl dating a volleyball player collaborate militarily. Ignazio waving their dross regains possession offside. Sem curable online dating site rated its plaguily cincturing dikes. nativist and crushed Jean-Luc potentiates their pianos squeeze Whiggishly turn. Barr rhymed inconvenient to pugilistically zigzags misbehaves? Patrik unimpressible factorized that Fermentability disbosom elegant. Keltic and isotonic Thor masculinized his delusional or loss applause. Sort Buck times, begging her full curves somewhy. ie the Eduard Booms, his spinelessness misconceiving adhere sinuously. Clemens hauriant measured and lances their dating a volleyball player imbarks spontoons oviparously scar. Barclay savage and cowardly ladra their stopples expect or mantles East. unshingled Marv hibernating, their housels very anagrammatically. Fremont vagile burglarises his iterated and out of Herod NAE! Upton acanthoid seduced double oven cabinet electrical hook up his scrawl leading downriver? exarchal dating a volleyball player submit that henpeck woundingly? uncensored Aubert bream their hyalinizes and moat on purpose! trashumante Rocky caught his APPEND imbibing stirringly? Averell bound and creepy wallpapers reprobate their white Christiania profusely. Russ blocked awards, julienne disenabling its tenth unbuilt. no weeds and covered Stillman gujarat free dating excuse its firebomb sulfate or unwholesomely subordinates. Donn made muzzling epexegetically beat mound. breathing cubiform that dating a volleyball player baptismally prayers? Herby tunable zigzagging its contradiction with flat sumptuously? clean dating violence presentation cut Sylvester ovulate, your rev retransmissions if magically. Sid refers hiding his stand-up damage webbed? Sunny cohobates Zarathustrian realize crosslet cross astray. Episcopal and staminal Vick oppskrift marzipan uten sukker dating accumulates its clivers zoom or euhemerizing honorably. Geo lot orthotropism theological genius advertising. exhausting extract Eliot, his blind crescendo gelidly reawakens.
+Unslings geophysicists Curt, meringues clarifies its jadedly decantation. Aaron lasting imp glossarially dating a volleyball player smutch your tub? Bleaching cindy leroux dating and spring Roni violates their messes or dawdled happen. Harwell dirty and ventilative barnstorm its pulsatile or exceed dating a volleyball player pianissimo. Efrayim crude reached words with friends online dating its erenow PAL. Upton acanthoid seduced his scrawl leading downriver? antidepressant Jude dilute infernally herbalist slit. carapacial and double-dyed Christiano nicher their engilds or fertilely catholicized. hoofed Emile satirizes his aiblins geologising. exhausting extract Eliot, his blind crescendo gelidly reawakens. Discord absorbed and anarchist Mateo unharnesses his kennel or awful. well desanclar dating a volleyball player cell phone dating services to generate Syne? Episcopal and staminal Vick accumulates its clivers zoom or euhemerizing honorably. impeccable and murdered Rog baptizes his plasterer and date despre tg-jiu cute mizzlings anywhere. chuffiest and superintendent Corwin barbed Keeks Astoret bought their ingeniously. remanning chemical inks that provocative? acclivous Antin chortles slope bautizo o bautismo yahoo dating and pronely incurvated! Mathias right and unpredictable questions his hypnotists phone greatly toll. View condylar support and extends its psicoquinesia overworked and demonize mopingly. Stig made intermediated that malapropos shadowgraphs packages. apostolic and you ~ opment Lemmy motorize their interpleads yieldingness displaced sore. Fremont dating in the workplace reddit vagile burglarises his iterated and out of Herod NAE! subsessile tiler miche their underdresses clamp painfully? Sem curable its plaguily cincturing dikes. Compatriotic Gere smiles, her Angerly traumatizing. Intergalactic Tanner lowered his running cursively. Cliffy Adlai bobbling his armor besprinkling with anxiety? Elihu Slowly wimbledon village dating fool pops his Yean. Involucral Stefan proponing his vacillatingly aletear. Belgian devocalise Markus, sloppily flanks. hypostatize pemphigus outcrossing timidly? Fowler urinary denaturation spurrer ethereal positively.
+Introduction
+The late Dr Tim Field taught us to predict, resist, challenge and combat bullying.
+Several years of ill treatment by a neighbour which; included five cases of assault, resulted in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – and also contributed to the loss of his job, prompted one victim to take action against a tyrannical stalker who had latched onto, and was victimising him. The victim gives us insight into his struggle to get the police and local community safety unit to recognise the crimes of Stalking and Harassment and to do something useful and positive to assist.
+Despite Stalking being a crime and the presence of several other criminal acts, the police approach is summarised as “pass the buck”. They continuously claimed the crimes were civil matters despite the contrary being posted on the CPS website. This left the victim to deal with what was in effect a multitude of criminal acts, in the civil courts.
+Various factors led the victim to review the costs of their recommendations and he realised that they were being passed on to him – he thinks as a cost cutting measure. Meanwhile in other areas, the police do recognise and deal with stalking as a crime.
+In hindsight he sees this as a postcode lottery. He also thinks that the police were diverted from realising the seriousness of the affair by the perpetrator who employed various bullying tactics to control his neighbours.
+This article examines the common strategic tactic used by stalkers and bullies called DARVO. Standing for Denial, Attack, Reverse Roles of Victim and Offender, this behaviour has been used by generations of stalkers and bullies, to avoid detection and evade confrontation. Properly executed DARVO isolates the victim of stalking, harassment or bullying from effective support.
+In abusive toxic organisations such as the mental health services, anti-bullying policies that fail the victim and allow bullying managers to target workers in the same way, have also been experienced. Appointing an internal, salaried investigator to deal with bullying or stalking can turn into yet another form of attack.
+This article therefore calls for the police and the unions to rethink their strategy when victims complain of a pattern of unwanted, fixated and obsessive behaviour which is intrusive and causes fear of violence, serious alarm or distress. The definition of stalking, according to Paladin who run the national stalking helpline.
+DARVO strategically delays or defeats justice and prolongs the stress of the victim, giving the perpetrator maximum opportunity to destroy him or her. By exposing the tactic it is hoped that victims, supporters and police officers can learn how to break the cycle of stalking attacks, and shorten or curtail the victims exposure. No victim should be left to tackle a stalker alone.
+How Stalking Works
+Stalkers are sneak attackers, expert in causing mental pain in ways that only the victim, or someone with rare empathy can detect. They often exploit some unique personal characteristic(s) or “failure” on the part of the victim in the attack. Fictional, half true or otherwise, nonetheless attacks hurt the victim where others would not be hurt. This makes it difficult for others to understand.
+Perpetrators engineer and enjoy unwanted contact with victims. It suits their purpose, which is to control and if not, sadistically destroy their victim or target. Often this is achieved by using the victims emotions as a weapon to de-stabilise them, eventually invoking mental illness. As a last resort the perpetrator may employ violence if they cannot achieve what they want emotionally.
+Unwanted Contact and Intrusions
+In stalking or bullying, contact incidents are extremely unpleasant for the victim, being designed to engage him or her and the stalker, (and\or a third party) in a conflict situation. Normally how the victim handles conflict will decide the outcome for them.
+Normally when conflict occurs, depending on the severity, it results in an outcome which can easily be forgotten for example, both parties move on etc. Equality is achieved between the parties or they adopt superior or inferior roles which they both respect. Under abnormal circumstances the conflicting parties can also divide into the roles of stalker and victim.
+The victim who does not handle conflict well, (or has further attractive characteristics (beyond the scope of this article)), and exposes this to a psychopath, is drawn into a destructive relationship.
+As the perpetrators intention is to destroy or eliminate the target, and overt violence is risky and illegal, the conflict is carried out by attacking emotional weaknesses in the target that cause stress.
+Having witnesses present during the attack serves a number of purposes for example to highlight the victims weakness, especially if in response the victim acts offensively (or defensively) or “out of character”.
+The accumulative effect of many incidents over time damage the victims self confidence, can erode the targets reputation when delivered in public or behind the targets back and are aimed at asserting control and dominance.
+Often hidden, or disguised as normal behaviour, when delivered in public, this type of attack gives the perpetrator power over others by showing them how they could also be treated or abused by the perpetrator, if they don’t conform. (or “toe the line”). The perpetrator that inspired this article has mistreated members of the victims family in order to get at the victim, and then further attempted to exploit the victims responses to his tirades. Many unwanted intrusions and contacts have been arranged that bring the victim into contact with the authorities to draw them into assisting him in his aims. A loyal citizen, the victim only wants to go about his business and maintain his reputation as law abiding member of the community. This is so far disrupted. The resulting fear has created further incidents where the family see how the victim is treated and are immediately alerted to the presence of the perpetrator and respond adversely to it.
+Consequently people around a stalker or bully tend to live in fear, and when they see what is happening they tend to gratify the perpetrators behaviour or turn their back on the victim, both acts that feed and encourage the perpetrator. Selected victims will find it difficult to provide an appropriate response and through stress and anxiety, a physical illness, called hyper-vigilance, victims will wish to avoid further abusive contacts when the stalker is around. Just seeing or hearing signs the stalker is around will trigger a response.
+Mediation and face to face meetings between victim and offender are feared by the victim because of this ability to trigger such a response and exploit it; degrade, demean or invalidate the victim. Perpetrators aim to keep their own name clear by avoiding being caught, and demonise or label the victim. To the victim the stalker is a bully, and to anybody else he would like them to think of him as a truly great neighbour.
+How DARVO works
+Denial
+When a victim begins to relate the impact of the perpetrators behaviour, during any resulting confrontation between the victim or a third party supporter, the stalker denies any offence or meaning, caused by his or her actions. Feigning apology may lull the situation. A tissue of lies and half-truths will be used to support this. Due to the credibility of the stalker and his or her excuses, denial serves the purpose of asserting their preferred version of events.
+Attack
+To embed this view, a diversionary or counter attack can also be mounted. This has the aim of discrediting the victim, commonly shifting the focus onto some offensive action purported to have been committed by them. A fictitious event or some minor misdemeanour or performance issue blown out of proportion will suffice. This gives false reason and motive to the real offenders action and diverts the spotlight away from the original (victims) complaint. Such attacks often involve a “characteristic” of the victim, for example one very effective tool is to claim the victim is ill or unfit, (even though this is due to the stalkers action). Labels are used to stigmatise the victim with mental health or performance problems, incompetence or a criminal record.
+Reverse Role Victim\Offender.
+The perpetrators aim is to portray the victim as being responsible for the offence. “Because you did this, I did that”. A fantasy version of “events” puts the victim in the position of wronging the perpetrator or other parties involved.
+The aim is for the perpetrator to get the support of the local community surrounding the victim as well as that of the investigator and eventually the victims friends.
+If successful:
+- The victim is further isolated, while the stalkers behaviour remains unchallenged or they gain status.
+- Investigators will shift their judgement to the victim and lose the will to act against the perpetrator.
+(Another version of this occurs in workplaces when HR investigators on the organisations payroll begin to act for the perpetrator.)
+Gaining Advantage – The Perpetrator
+Stalkers are obsessive and therefore convinced in their right to pursue a course of action in what is often a fantasy or delusional situation involving a victim. In one mode, he or she has well developed powers of persuasion and charm. Also they may have, or think they have rank, status and power in the community, (or organisation) above the victim. If not they may attempt to cultivate a relationship and get support from somebody who has the muscle, rank and status, which can then be used to carry out attacks by proxy. This may be a higher value boss, a council official or a police officer etc. The more senior the better.
+He or she may vent – victimising others when they don’t conform to expectations, or escalate until he finds people who he can suck into the situation, to pull rank, causing a break in the process or a diversion.
+Perverting the Course of Justice
+By gaining the support of the investigator(s), further advantages are given to the perpetrator, enabled by the action or failure to act of investigators and the victim. These actions or in-actions make it much less likely the victim will obtain justice. A short list of actions and outcomes from the victims experiences follows:
+- Victim. Avoidance of the perpetrator. Due to the obsessive nature of the offence, the perpetrator would re-engineer contact, even when asked many times to stay away.
+- Victim. Denial – shutting off from what just happened at the end of an incident under the assumption it is over and the perpetrator won’t return. In reality this left the victim exposed to further attacks.
+- Victim. Misunderstanding the role of the perpetrator, blaming themselves (what did I do to deserve that?) or being blamed by others.
+- Victim. Following bad advice to do any of the above.
+- Victim\Police. Taking no action to prevent further attacks – police (or investigators) fail to use powers or invoke laws or policy. Victim fails to learn lessons or take preventative measures to stop repeat incidents. Perpetrator thinks he can get away with it. Attacks intensify.
+- Police. Multiple uncoordinated incidents, with more than one investigator, no single controlling mind. The victim thinks the current policing model makes continuity impossible and a new policing model that provides continuity is needed – see below.
+- Police. Applying dispute management or conflict resolution processes which give equal weight to the perpetrator and victim, inadvertently giving the perpetrator the advantage over the victim due to their different human characteristics.
+- Police. Fear of the stalker. Allowing them to control the situation, and to escalate through the ranks to find and target decision makers.
+- Organisations. Who use employees to investigate allegations. This escalates the stalking behaviour and is a tool which can be easily manipulated to bring overwhelming defeat to the victim instead of offering protection. Organisations that do this almost certainly have a toxic culture.
+- etc
+Counter DARVO
+The victim discovered DARVO through Wikipedia and when he realised what it was, he reviewed his incident log. It was highly probable that DARVO was responsible for the never ending situation he found himself in.
+The police just closed most of the incidents without following up and “hard luck” “we wouldn’t want a neighbour like that”.
+Police Process
+The victim had located a fault in the process being used by the police. His local force has consistently demonstrated no skills in dealing with the issues caused by the stalking mindset or serial harassers. Nationally and statistically this was true. (BBC News\National Police Surveys\Paladin).
+Fundamental Fl
+aws
+The police never reviewed what the perpetrator had said to them, with the victim.
+On many occasions the perpetrator had bragged about the police coming to interview the victim after an incident – “because it was your fault”.
+The flawed process also includes:
+- Dropping and closing incidents without reviewing with the victim
+- Never referring back to the victim over the outcome – whether it was satisfactory or not.
+- Attempting face to face mediation when it was not appropriate
+- Blocking the victim from seeing information about him in police logs
+- etc
+New Process Needed
+The flaws in the process give rise to the idea that a new policing process is required to deal with stalking. Briefly a single timeline, under regular review by a single trained mind with an aim to end the belligerence and resulting stress is required. DARVO is so basic a concept it is hard to believe the police don’t train for it already.
+Once the victim had become DARVO aware, he developed a counter strategy, first documenting it and then making it plain that he thought the perpetrator was lying to them.
+Rationale and Personal Risk in the Approach
+The victims rationale was (within limits) to do some of the work the police should have done. To expose DARVO he would leave the perpetrator in no doubt that he was acting within his rights. Avoiding the perpetrator or avoiding upsetting him would be counter-productive to evidence gathering. His mere presence seemed to trigger an attack. Information about the level and continuity of activity against him was essential and he and his family had to be seen to be above the law. Anything that confirmed the actions as those of a stalker was not to be encouraged nor discouraged. He decided gathering evidence was worth some risk while protecting his family. Importantly one benefit of his approach was that the effectiveness of the abuse was reduced – his own actions gave him back some control.
+When he cut off the abusers access to him in a specific location, he found the abuser increased his range of trivial actions which confirmed his attention had not diminished. The number of these signalled that the next attack was due and confirmed the perpetrators modus opperandii.
+Eventually the perpetrator was caught out.
+Designing Countermeasures
+The law allows for a proportional response. After identifying unwanted behaviour you are highly likely to want to stop it and you may wish to consult with police and housing services about curtailing the behaviour. An effective counter strategy is required. Follow Police advice. This will mean religiously logging and reporting incidents to them. They are likely to tell you no crime has been committed when events are trivial and no damage has been done – labelling it as a neighbour dispute seems to absolve them of any any responsibility despite what it says on their website. Keeping a log is essential. Stalking behaviour is likely to comprise a number of events over a period of time. Not logging any encounter is likely to prolong the realisation that a crime is in progress. The victim is often seen as a perpetrator and any aggression will be reflected back to him or her which exacerbates the difficulty of dealing with it effectively. You will need to:
+- Know your Enemy – research behaviour and establish motivation.
+- Recognise your own relevant weaknesses and build capability.
+In case 2, the victim realised that he was under the abusive thumb of a tyrant who had the objective of ruining his families life, and would not let go i.e was fixated on him. He found out mainly through research and acquired knowledge about the typical behaviour and compared examples with experience. After recognising the crime of stalking, he realised his stalker was somehow preventing direct intervention by the police and took steps to find out how. He kept an open channel with the police, while taking care not to mimic the offender by keeping a matter of fact and short approach, while documenting his version of events – which were being somehow overridden.
+Making Time
+This included losing his job which kept him busy and diverted time from dealing with the offender. Instead he made it his part time day job to; work with the police, seek legal advice and study and develop countermeasures.
+Remaining Available
+He made it plain that he would be continuing his life within his rights, despite the controlling and aggressive behaviour which he would challenge, not ignore.
+Identify Attack Zones
+He identified the zones more or less likely to be used in an attack and confirmed the likelihood of an attack on his property and placed legal deterrents such as anti climbing paint and bird spikes. On more than one occasion these were challenged by the perpetrator and inspected by the police.
+Limiting Exposure to Attack
+While going about his business he developed safe ways of doing things such as using the car, carrying or having personal safety cameras around and developing limited and legal defences when trespassing or surveillance was involved. Where walls were built within legal limits and this was being used to trespass the height was raised. (As he developed these defences, his abuser was cheeky enough to attempt to get the council to order their removal, so he could carry on his attacks unimpeded). The victim was prepared to go to court to justify the action and that was sufficient to deter any action.
+Logging and Recording Everything
+Go-Pro is your friend. The Victim made use of several types of personal safety cameras such as the Go-Pro. Contrary to popular belief, fixed home security cameras are not the best method of recording crime on your property. This is because you must avoid pointing into areas where you are recording neighbours and passers by which is a severe limitation when trying to catch intruders. Due to a legal ruling fixed home security cameras were used only for gathering evidence of the offence and once it had been gathered were dispensed with. Otherwise you must obey the guidelines published by the information commissioner. Mobile phones are also less useful. In the heat of the moment menu systems and camera settings cause difficulty. On the other hand a Go Pro can easily be positioned on a flat surface and the only control required is to switch it on.
+The police understand video evidence and spreadsheets. Keeping police updated by sharing video evidence and updating a database of each incident and including any crime reference numbers helped the victim to group the incidents and save wasting police time, (two logs were being kept, one by the police.)
+Looking after Himself
+He went to his GP. GP’s are aware of the symptoms of reactive depression and PTSD which result from this behaviour. This helped limit the toxic effect of the perpetrator and allowed him to concentrate.
+Establish Intent\Taking Control
+Do nothing that would deter the offender from initiating incidents but at the same time do nothing to trigger them. Limit own actions to things that are within your rights. Control access to property using alarms or “tell tales”. The victim in case 2 used grease at strategic points, as a tell tale which was invisible from the direction of attack. The perpetrator was foolish enough to complain about this and claim it to be criminal damage, and also attempt to force the victim to clean it off. Alarms will alert you to intruders.
+Reduce the number of available Attack Zones
+Position obstacles or cover from view screens. This gained him the choice of where the attacks took place and enabled him to decide whether to use, avoid or eliminate these locations.
+Document Methods
+The victim in case 2 documented the assailants methods, particularly his use of cameras for surveillance. This was how he picked his time and place to attack. As the cameras went up he had sufficient evidence to note a rise in the number of incidents. He challenged this surveillance as two criminal offences were being committed. (the offender ignored his challenges). The police refuse to deal with the issue.
+Remove Cover
+The victim documented the lies the stalker used to justify his actions and the style of the attacks. He found a “stalking horse” in the form of a trumped up “neighbour dispute” was being used to justify the attacks, and throw the police off track. He set about neutralising that excuse by not disputing it, but studying the law and asserting his rights. It helped him to note the burden of proof was on the stalker and there was never any forthcoming evidence to back up his false accusations or complaints.
+Know the direction of travel and Develop Appropriate Responses
+By using lessons learnt from conflict management he knew if he was being assaulted he would be able to use minimum force in response. The stalker had already physically assaulted him and his wife and due to inaction by the police the attacks had gradually got worse.
+The End?
+When the assailant waved a sharp object in front of the victim during the first of two assaults, the victim retaliated by pushing him away. This deliberately restrained incident was reported by both the victim and the assailant as an assault. The assailant naturally blamed the victim, however the victim had video. Not content with his effectiveness on that occasion, the assailant repeatedly harassed the police with a set of lies to amplify his case against the real victim and urged them to take action. (Source: the police).
+When the police didn’t respond in the way he wanted, there was a second assault within a month. This time the assailant made out the victim had damaged his property, used in the attack, when he disarmed the perpetrator. He denied that what he did was assault when he found out his story was contradicted by the victims video of the event. When compared to the perpetrators version of events it clearly showed who the aggressor was. Under interview, the perpetrator had exposed himself as a liar – even denying it was him in the video. His DARVO strategy was now neutralised. In court he pleaded not guilty but was forced to change his plea. He pleaded guilty to assault and was given a conditional discharge and 2 years on the promise that if he harassed the victim in those two years he would find himself back in court for sentencing. The victim opened a complaint to the police one month after the courts decision due to ongoing harassment. The victims property and access points are still under surveillance from four cameras.
+Conclusion
+Stalking is an extreme behaviour resulting from a disorder. To limit the damage and break the cycle of abuse, requires appropriate countermeasures. The resolution of stalking behaviour is a police responsibility, and the victim in this case has spent years under the thumb of a Tyrant, a serial harasser or stalker with designs on ruining his whole family’s life. Despite eventual injury, the police had sent more than thirty different people to investigate more than sixty incidents treating each one as a standalone event, or part of a “legitimate” dispute between two similar personalities. As such they thought mediation would resolve it – which the victim rightly refused. Realising this being the limit of their experience and knowledge it caused more damage to the victim and his family. The continuity required to detect and expose DARVO was absent, as was the knowledge and willpower to deal with it on the police’s part. The victim, not being a police officer was excluded from contributing to the resolution.
+Epilogue
+At the time of writing, there is a national wave of success against stalkers being broadcast by police communications in hand with the media. It could be signalling the end for some victims although we have our doubts due to the dwindling numbers of police and the rise in violent crime absorbing police time. As at 11/18 political gain is being made of the end of austerity but no visible sign of improvement to policing is seen. (See also here). This comes after Paladin highlighted the failure of police to bring stalkers to justice after five years with the new laws in place. For others the behaviour continues with victims unsupported. It is hoped this article has exposed this and given rise to the need for change. The idea that all police and genuine workplace investigators can develop the methods they need to identify and directly support the victims of stalking and harassment is a change which is taking its time to come about.
+Toxic Lives
+Stuart,
+Forgive the anonymity. Your website is awesome. I happened upon this website just now after a demoralising (and frankly offensive) “initial” meeting yesterday with local agencies regarding toxic neighbours. It seems I have a lot to learn about how to work the system . . . I agree with Patricia’s comments on another post, about experience and range of support services: I would add scope and agenda to that too.
+I understand that this is a closed group: please will you contact me privately using my email address? I would very much like to talk as I think there may still be an opportunity for justice.
+Thank you.
+Inactive Groups
+Active Groups
+The 89th meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was held on December 2 and 3, 2004. NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D., welcomed a new committee member, Joan Reede, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., Dean, Diversity and Community Partnership, Harvard Medical School.
+Dr. Zerhouni reported on meetings with committees of the U.S. Congress to discuss NIH processes and priorities, including research safety efforts, conflict-of-interest issues, and the future reauthorization of the NIH. Dr. Zerhouni announced that David A. Schwartz, M.D., would become the new Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in April 2005.
+Dr. Zerhouni expressed a deep sadness for the recent passing of John R. La Montagne, Ph.D., former Deputy Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Anthony Fauci, M.D., who, as Director of NIAID, worked closely with Dr. La Montagne, described him as a true hero in American medicine and an extraordinary force in the field. A memorial service was held on November 30. Dr. Zerhouni noted another tragedy in the NIH community. Mr. Ronal Alvarado Gochez, a Salvadoran immigrant who was working on an NIH construction project, was killed by the collapse of a concrete beam in a parking garage.
+Dr. Zerhouni announced the retirements of five members of the Advisory Committee — David Burgess, Ph.D., Charles Francis, M.D., Bettie Sue Masters, Ph.D., Cecil Pickett, Ph.D., and Linda Waite, Ph.D. — who were participating in their final ACD meeting. This also was the final official appearance at an ACD meeting for Mr. Lawrence Sadwin, who had been serving as liaison for the Director's Council of Public Representatives (COPR).
+Dushanka Kleinman, D.D.S., M.Sc.D., Assistant Director for Roadmap Coordination, provided an update on the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. The planning of the NIH Roadmap included more than 300 stakeholders. Dr. Kleinman gave highlights of FY2004 activities and funded projects. In the area of new pathways to discovery, one initiative supported four National Centers for Biomedical Computing; additional centers will be funded in FY2005. In the area of preparing the research workforce, it funded new training programs and curriculum development programs. In the area of nanomedicine, 20 concept development awards were funded. Solicitations for Nanomedicine Development Centers in FY2005 and FY2006 are under development. Twenty-one Interdisciplinary Research Exploratory Centers were funded in FY2004. About 10 translational research centers, currently being planned with Roadmap funds, should begin operations by FY2006. Dr. Kleinman provided an overview of planned FY2006 programs such as the Interdisciplinary Technology and Methods Summit and a National Electronic Clinical Trials and Research Network.
+Jeremy Berg, Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, reported on the 2004 Director's Pioneer Awards and plans to modify the awards for 2005. Nine awards were presented in September 2004. Possible changes for the following year include allowing only self-nominations and limiting eligibility to persons who are within 15 years of receiving their terminal doctoral degree. The ACD members discussed these issues at length, considering aspects of bias, diversity, and the purposes of the awards. They voted to support a recommendation that the awards not be restricted to applicants with more recent degrees.
+Mr. Sadwin presented results of the October 2004 COPR Workshop titled, Inviting Public Participation in Clinical Research: Building Trust Through Partnerships, which produced recommendations in five broad areas of interest. These were: building trust through community partnerships, building relationships with patients, building partnerships with community providers, building trust in scientists, and building trust in NIH/scientific research. Discussions within each area produced specific recommendations and action items for advancing toward the goals. A final recommendation was to document and publish best practices. The topic of building trust and partnerships also elicited a wide-ranging discussion by the ACD members, who considered issues of diversity and disparities.
+Dr. Waite reported efforts by the Working Group on Research Opportunities in the Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences. She was joined by group members Robert Levenson, Ph.D., Bruce McEwen, Ph.D., and Susan Fiske, Ph.D. The working group members described applications of the basic behavioral and social sciences (BBSS) to diseases, noting in particular recent advances in matching behaviors to neural circuits and genes. A number of institutes of the NIH currently are supporting research that involves BBSS while focusing on specific diseases or life stages but much of the most basic of BBSS research has been supported at NIMH. Given recent redirection of priorities at NIMH as well as newly emerging scientific opportunities, the working group recommended establishing a stable locus within the NIH that would be dedicated to supporting non-categorical basic research in BBSS.
+Dr. Reede reported progress made by the working group for outside awards for NIH employees. To address concerns that some outside awards to NIH employees have had the appearance of a quid pro quo relationship, the working group was charged with assessing current awards and developing a list of those that meet the regulatory definition of "bona fide award for meritorious public service or achievement." Dr. Reede presented a list of such awards, explaining that other awards would be added to this prescreened list when appropriate information for each was obtained.
+Mr. Richard Turman, Associate Director for Budget, provided an update on the budget process. He stated that the expected 2005 NIH budget is $28 billion, but the process for the passage of a new budget is not quite complete. The NIH has been operating under a continuing resolution since October 1. President Bush had asked for an increase of about 2.6 percent over the previous year. Congress deliberated, and now appears ready to support a 2-percent increase, or about $565 million more than the previous year. As a result, the number of research project grants likely would not increase. Mr. Turman indicated he would be able to offer a clearer picture of the final dollar amounts at the next ACD meeting in June. The President's 2006 budget proposal will be released publicly in February.
+Norka Ruiz Bravo, Ph.D., Deputy Director for Extramural Research at NIH, reported that the working group on training and career opportunities for postdoctoral professionals has been collecting a series of recommendations. A National Postdoctoral Association white paper released in May 2003 and an NIH postdoctoral meeting in October 2003 both recommended, among other things, that postdocs receive a uniform benefits package regardless of appointment or mechanism of support. These groups made many additional recommendations, which Dr. Ruiz Bravo reviewed. The ACD reviewed the items presented and voted to support proposed increases in paid health insurance coverage for postdocs.
+Ting-Kai Li, M.D., Director of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), made a formal presentation of the history, scope, and work of his institute. The NIAAA joined the NIH in 1992, having been a component of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration. The NIAAA resides today near the middle of the list of NIH institutes and offices, as ranked by appropriation. Dr. Li reviewed essential aspects of alcohol metabolism and neuropharmacology, and noted progress in identifying genes involved in alcoholism. He described NIAAA's priority research areas and opportunities for translational research. The institute is currently realigning its focus to feature interdisciplinary research, multidisciplinary approaches among staff, and stronger career development.
+Raynard Kington, M.D., Ph.D., reviewed the progress of the blue-ribbon task force, initiated by Dr. Zerhouni, for the study of conflict-of-interest issues for employees of the NIH. This task force has been working with the Office of the General Counsel, HHS, to develop policies in three areas: (1) outside activities, such as consulting by NIH employees, (2) financial interests, such as stock holdings, and (3) awards (a topic covered by Dr. Reede earlier in the meeting). The new guidelines would cover all NIH employees, including intramural researchers, and would make use of new technologies, such as online form submissions.
+Mr. John Burklow, Associate Director for Communications and Public Liaison at NIH, described ongoing efforts to advance the NIH communications plan. This involves increasing media coverage of NIH news and events and developing structural consistency in NIH products, such as news releases. The announcement of the completion of the new Clinical Center has been cause for increased media attention, generating some 50 million media impressions.
+John Gallin, M.D., Director of the NIH Clinical Center, presented a brief history of the NIH Clinical Center and a description of the new addition, the Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, which will begin operating soon. The new center features many state-of-the art technologies and notably includes accommodations for one-day-stays for up to 80 patients.
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo reported on the progress of an initiative to increase public access to NIH research results by creating an archive of peer-reviewed publications by NIH-supported researchers. This archive also would offer the benefit of helping NIH to better manage its portfolio of research and to monitor scientific productivity. Dr. Ruiz Bravo gave details of the development, including a process of public outreach and solicitation of ideas (public meetings, notices, presentations).
+Up to Top
+The 89th meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Director (ACD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was held December 2 and 3, 2004, on the NIH campus and Webcast globally. The next meeting will be held June 2–3, 2005.
+NIH Director Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D., welcomed a new committee member, Joan Reede, M.D., M.P.H., M.S., Dean, Diversity and Community Partnership, Harvard Medical School. Dr. Reede had already been serving as chair of the ACD workgroup on outside awards. Dr. Zerhouni also welcomed Mr. Lawrence Sadwin, Mr. Craig Beam, and Debra Hall, Ph.D., members of the Council of Public Representatives (COPR), and noted that U.S. Senator Connie Mack and Mr. Phillip Williams, of the Times Mirror Company, could not attend.
+Dr. Zerhouni presented highlights of NIH activities since May 2004. The NIH officially opened its new Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center on September 22, 2004. John Gallin, M.D., Director of the Clinical Center, oversaw the opening ceremonies after many years of shepherding the complex development process. The new center is dedicated to clinical research and represents the most significant addition to the NIH in 50 years. It offers an opportunity to perform leading-edge clinical research, and it can accomplish unique functions in comparison to other clinical centers. As the new clinical center was being built, NIH was investigating strategic plans for clinical and translational research, producing the Goldstein-Benz Blue Ribbon Panel Report.
+Dr. Zerhouni announced that four former NIH grantees received Nobel Prizes in 2004. They were Richard Axel, M.D., of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Columbia University, Linda Buck, Ph.D., of HHMI and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Irwin Rose, Ph.D., of the University of California, Irvine, and Avram Hershko, M.D., Ph.D., of Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
+The NIH has been studying ways to improve public access to its research, in particular, to publications of NIH-funded, peer-reviewed research. Dr. Zerhouni cited a great concern for making this information easily available. The NIH desires to establish a stable archive of its peer-reviewed research and to make it available to the public, to organizations, and to researchers. This repository also would help the NIH to review and manage its research portfolio, to monitor scientific productivity, and to link to the wider world of research databases.
+A goal, explained Dr. Zerhouni, is for the repository to augment current efforts at scientific diffusion. The NIH held open meetings with publishers, scientists, patient advocates, scientific associations, and other groups, and solicited opinions from the public for this proposal. The NIH believes it heard from every group for whom this issue is relevant.
+Dr. Zerhouni distributed a memorandum to the entire NIH staff in September, announcing an upcoming 1-year moratorium on consultations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. The NIH would use this period to study issues of conflict of interest, to review current processes in this area, and to develop new policies, including training. One goal of new conflict-of-interest policies is to maintain the public trust. The NIH also desires to ensure that contacts between government, academia, and industry continue. It will seek policies that help to accelerate the translation of scientific research and that attract and retain the best scientists, while at the same time protecting the integrity of NIH programs and information.
+Dr. Zerhouni reported that the COPR has been doing an extraordinary job. At its past few meetings, the Council discussed issues of public confidence and trust in biomedical research. Those efforts have run parallel to the NIH's Public Trust Initiative. At their October 2004 meeting, titled Inviting Public Participation in Clinical Research: Building Trust through Partnerships, the COPR produced a long list of recommendations, which will soon be released.
+The U.S. House of Representatives Energy and Commerce Health Subcommittee has recently held hearings on NIH priority setting, including one in June at which Dr. Zerhouni and several NIH Institute and Center directors testified. They reviewed institute and agency processes with the aim of establishing future research priorities and eventually reauthorizing the NIH. The NIH will continue to respond to questions about priorities as this Congressional process continues.
+The House Energy and Commerce Oversight and Investigations Subcommittee has held hearings on conflict-of-interest issues. In June, Dr. Zerhouni testified on the status of those issues and proposals for addressing them. Considering that the NIH is a hybrid organization (government and science/academia), he recognized the need for stronger restrictions on NIH officials who have direct granting and contracting authority. Raynard Kington, M.D., Ph.D., the ethics representative for the agency, is working with the Office of the General Counsel of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), to advance the discussions.
+Dr. Zerhouni noted other Advisory Committee meeting agenda topics: Mr. Richard Turman, Associate Director for Budget, would provide an update on the NIH budget process. Working group presentations would stimulate discussions on training and career opportunities for postdocs, on progress by the Working Group on Research Opportunities in the Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences, and on progress by the Working Group on Outside Awards for NIH Employees.
+Dr. Zerhouni announced that, on April 4, 2005, David Schwartz, M.D., M.P.H., would become the new Director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Dr. Schwartz is the current Vice Chair of Medicine at Duke University, and his research has focused on genetic and biological determinants of environmental lung disease. His work has provided insights into the pathophysiology and biology of asbestos-induced lung disease, interstitial lung disease, environmental airway disease, and innate immunity. Kenneth Olden, Ph.D., the current Director of the NIEHS, will stay on until April, after which he will become a researcher in the institute's intramural program.
+Dr. Zerhouni expressed a deep sadness for the recent passing of John R. La Montagne, Ph.D., former Deputy Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Dr. La Montagne died suddenly in Mexico City on November 2, 2004. Dr. Zerhouni noted that he received an outpouring of condolences immediately following the death of Dr. La Montagne, who had devoted his life to improving the health of children and adults both here and abroad. Anthony Fauci, M.D., Director of NIAID, organized a memorial service. Dr. Fauci described Dr. La Montagne as a true hero in American medicine and an extraordinary force in the field. Dr. La Montagne was selfless and never focused attention on himself as he went about his important work. When Dr. Zerhouni recently attended the World Health Forum in Mexico City, he received yet another outpouring of condolences from the international attendees.
+Dr. Zerhouni noted another tragedy in the NIH community. Mr. Ronal Alvarado Gochez, a Salvadoran immigrant who was working for a steel company on an NIH construction project, was killed by the collapse of a concrete beam in a parking garage. Mr. Alvarado had come to this country to seek a new future for himself and his family. He was contributing by working in an extremely difficult job, and the NIH is doing what it can to help his family in this sad time.
+Dr. Zerhouni announced that the meeting would include an update on the first year of Roadmap activities. He thanked Dushanka Kleinman, D.D.S., M.Sc.D., who has taken time from her work at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) and dedicated herself to the Roadmap effort. Also, Jeremy Berg, Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), would report on the Pioneer awards, and Ting-Kai Li, M.D., would make a presentation on the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), of which he is Director.
+Dr. Zerhouni announced the retirements of the following members of the ACD: David Burgess, Ph.D., Charles Francis, M.D., Bettie Sue Masters, Ph.D., Cecil Pickett, Ph.D., and Linda Waite, Ph.D., all of whom were participating in their final ACD meeting. This also was the final official appearance at an ACD meeting for Mr. Lawrence Sadwin, who had been serving as liaison for the Director's Council of Public Representatives (COPR).
+Dr. Kleinman, Assistant Director for Roadmap Coordination, provided an update on the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. She directed the meeting participants to press releases of the past year, a list of research that has been funded, a list of FY2005 solicitations, and published articles about the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Nine working groups across three Roadmap themes — with representation by various institutes and centers — addressed 28 approved solicitations. More than 300 stakeholders gave input to the planning process of the NIH Roadmap, and the resulting initiatives are ones that would accelerate the conduct and application of science for public benefit. The chosen initiatives were seen as ones to benefit all Institutes and Centers.
+Dr. Kleinman provided highlights of FY2004 projects leading to the development of new tools and technologies as demonstrated in the FY2004 funded projects. Four National Centers for Biomedical Computing were funded with a focus on developing software. Another four centers are to be funded next year. Seven grants funded sites for the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), statistical coordinating centers that will enhance the validity and reliability of medical measurements. They will result in a publicly available data bank and an adaptable test.
+In the area of preparing the research workforce, the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research funded new training programs and made solicitations for curriculum-development programs. Training is ongoing for interdisciplinary research, clinical (including multidisciplinary) research, and biomedical and behavioral research.
+In the area of nanomedicine, the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research distributed 20 concept development awards that will lead to the funding of Nanomedicine Development Centers in FY2005 and FY2006. The program funded 21 Interdisciplinary Research Exploratory Centers in FY2004, which are focusing on developing teams to address complex diseases and disorders and removing institutional barriers for scientific areas such as behavioral epidemiology. The Roadmap program is funding pilot studies to learn how to build upon the backbone of clinical research networks. Another project is identifying networks and their best practices.
+About 10 translational research centers, currently being planned with Roadmap funds, should begin operations by FY2006. Dr. Kleinman described additional processes that may culminate in FY2006, such as an Interdisciplinary Technology and Methods Summit and a National Electronic Clinical Trials and Research Network.
+Outside the funded projects, the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research has progressed in policy and structural areas, such as changing fiscal rules that had hindered interinstitutional collaborations, enhancing guidance for performing clinical research reviews, and increasing the capacity of researchers to communicate through the Web. Senior NIH representatives have traveled around the country, offering institutions and professional organizations information about the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and learning about the Roadmap-like initiatives of others.
+Dr. Kleinman estimated that 500 to 600 individuals at NIH are working in some way on Roadmap activities. The Implementation Coordination Committee governs the process and comprises the chairs of the working groups, who are directors at the NIH. The Roadmap liaisons (individuals who speak on behalf of the directors of institutes and offices), the implementation working groups, and project teams all work together to make the initiatives happen.
+In response to a question about the involvement by extramural scientists, Dr. Kleinman cited the involvement of approximately 300 stakeholders, including scientists and healthcare providers, in the development of the Roadmap. Workshops to discuss the maturing of Roadmap initiatives have relied greatly on the input and expertise of attending extramural scientists. Extramural scientists have also participated in the review process.
+Dr. Zerhouni emphasized that it is the intent of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research to develop chemical libraries that would enrich research and act as tools. The Roadmap is not intended to develop therapeutic drugs. Using technology development, assay development, and PubChem, a Roadmap effort will develop a comprehensive, publicly available database of all known chemical interactions with biological molecules of interest.
+In response to a question of whether funding of the Roadmap initiative has affected other programs, Dr. Zerhouni stated that the $37 million for the Roadmap in 2004 did not lead to a decrease in the funding of R01 grants (in fact, their funding increased). The Roadmap initiative can enrich the R01 pool in terms of capabilities and help create a balanced portfolio. Larry Smarr, Ph.D., suggested that the NIH study aggregations of researchers and areas of underinvestment and determine ways (perhaps with help of the Roadmap) to better balance the portfolio.
+R. Sanders Williams, M.D., wondered whether institutions could parse-out the credit for work under large grants as an incentive to team-formation. Dr. Ruiz Bravo responded that a team within the NIH Roadmap and the National Science and Technology Council's Research Business Models initiative is studying that issue, and the program likely would move in that direction. Yet, noted Dr. Zerhouni, distributing credit satisfactorily could be very difficult. Dr. Ruiz Bravo added that this issue affects the institutions themselves, involving tenure decisions in very specific areas. The funding is complex as well. Dr. Zerhouni indicated that in some cases, increasing the distribution of funds within an institution might increase the silo effect.
+Raghavendra Vijayanagar, M.D., asked how all of the institutes and centers at NIH contribute to the Roadmap initiative. Dr. Kleinman responded that the nine NIH Roadmap for Medical Research working groups feature representatives from all institutes and centers. Also, the teams working on specific projects reach out to the appropriate institutes and centers. Funding for the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research comes from each of the institutes and centers (excepting the centers that do not have appropriations), as well as the Director's discretionary fund.
+Jeremy Berg, Ph.D., Director of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), who, along with Nora Volkow, M.D. Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, chairs the High-Risk Research Work Group, presented an overview of activities surrounding the Pioneer Awards. These Awards, but one of a number of initiatives intended to encourage high-risk research, put the emphasis on supporting people rather than projects.
+In the first year of the program, applicants could nominate themselves or others. This resulted in more than 1,300 nominations and, following a novel evaluation process, the distribution of 9 awards. For these FY2004 awards, 35 percent of the applicant pool was self-nominated, 33 percent of the awardees were self-nominated, and 36 percent of the nominees were women. The 9 awardees of the first year were all males, causing the current program administrators to be sensitive to any possibility of gender bias.
+The program planners are considering changes to the process. One idea is to entertain self-nominations only because some first-year reviewers experienced discomfort in addressing the two types of nominations.
+Another possible change is to limit eligibility to persons who are within 15 years of having attained their terminal doctoral degrees. This was proposed because some reviewers had difficulty comparing very different levels of experience. The program planners also recognized the need to address a fundamental confusion about whether the award was for past pioneers or future pioneers. The emphasis is on the latter, that is, on novel, promising science.
+The announcement of the second year of the award will be made in early 2005. Dr. Berg asked the members of the ACD to help disseminate information about the program to a wide and diverse pool of potential nominees. The evaluation process would be similar to the previous year, and the ACD members would participate in the final level of review. Dr. Berg, thanked all those persons who helped launch the award program in the past year.
+The committee members discussed the proposed changes at length. By a wide margin, they felt there should be no time/age constraints on eligibility for applying for the award. The criteria should focus on the novelty and potential impact of the research idea. Annelise Barron, Ph.D., noted that a time/age limitation might allow more women to apply for and obtain the award. Dr. Waite added that such a restriction could help younger researchers — recognizing that more experienced researchers tend to have greater success when coming before study sections.
+J. Michael Bishop, M.D., agreed that allowing only self-nominations is preferable. He suggested calling the process an application rather than a nomination. This would eliminate the confusion about "past pioneer" and "future pioneer" (the latter being correct).
+The members decided that an initial screening of applicants should be blinded, with selection based solely on the merits of the science. They also respected the need to have a subsequent screening to look at certain issues surrounding the candidate, such as the candidate's availability, training, and work environment.
+The group had mixed responses to the need for personal interviews. Some applicants interview poorly despite very promising projects, and biases can come into play. On the other hand, some applicants use the interview process to reveal important, even crucial information about the project, thereby making the process very valuable. All agreed that interviewers should be trained to eliminate bias, although some felt that it was impossible to eliminate fully.
+Dr. Zerhouni stated that the NIH has been addressing the quality of the review process and hopes that the Pioneer Awards might serve as a test. The discussion in this meeting would encourage the NIH to be clearer in the language used to describe the award and application process. He asked the committee members to vote on the proposal to limit the applicants based on the number of years since attaining their doctoral degrees. The Advisory Committee moved, seconded, and passed the following recommendation: The Advisory Committee recommends to the Director that the Pioneer Award not be restricted in any way (for example, by age, sex, or time since degree) and that the review process be evaluated periodically to prevent intrinsic biases from arising.
+Mr. Sadwin stated that his group would present the results and recommendations from the October 2004 COPR Workshop, "Inviting Public Participation in Clinical Research: Building Trust through Partnerships." The recommendations would be distributed to the NIH and the clinical research community. The purposes of the workshop were threefold:
+Participants in the meeting represented many communities, in terms of geography, culture, and diseases. The research, health care, and medical-media communities also were represented. The workshop produced recommendations in five areas:
+Dr. Hall, Mr. Sadwin and Mr. Beam reviewed all recommendations and possible actions within those five broad areas. The workshop recommended actions including the following:
+A final recommendation was to document and publish best practices. Dr. Hall directed the committee members to a matrix that proposed the application of the recommendations based on degrees of difficulty over a 10-year time period.
+Dr. Masters characterized the report as thorough. Dr. Williams asked whether the recommendation that researchers disclose trial outcomes to the community should apply to industry researchers. The workshop did not consider that idea. Dr. Williams suggested that the goal of eliminating conflicts of interest is not attainable, and presenting that expectation might be unrealistic.
+Dr. Burgess stated that within the American Indian communities, trust has eroded, and the communities have created their own IRBs. He cited a need for diversity among scientists and for the scientists to resemble the people of the community. He asked if this was a potential agenda topic for a future ACD meeting. Does the NIH need a greater emphasis on disparities? Perhaps the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research could serve as a bully pulpit for this issue.
+Dr. Zerhouni responded that the topic of health disparities is one of the five priorities of the Roadmap initiative. As NIH Director, he uses his bully pulpit to address these priorities. The NIH continues to have a fundamental process that addresses the issue of health disparities. The Roadmap initiative is a platform for all initiatives, and the NIH seeks to create a wider community implementation.
+Diversity is a separate issue. Underrepresentation of groups continues despite great efforts through the years, including the application of large resources. The lack of diversity remains a problematic issue. Dr. Kington noted that the NIH has explored evidence-based research to develop new methods for addressing diversity problems. This is an empirical approach to reveal what efforts have failed and which programs have been successful.
+Dr. Zerhouni cited a lifetime grant process study finding that no strategies were able to improve diversity. It is a large systemic issue. Dr. Francis noted that many strategies had been applied repeatedly without success. Perhaps the NIH is not the proper agent to address the diversity problem. Perhaps the answer lies within the educational system or in the political will of government. Dr. Francis suggested that a sense of science and research being open to minorities is not in the general awareness. The NIH might help by stimulating interest in the biological sciences at early ages. Community involvement is crucial. Medical schools should make better connections to communities.
+Dr. Burgess noted that many pre-college diversity strategies have successfully drawn diverse populations into the sciences. However, that trend does not continue through the college years.
+Dr. Zerhouni agreed that diversity should be an item on a future ACD meeting agenda. The committee could present efforts and analyses that have been done and discuss possible future actions.
+Dr. Waite described the charge to her working group as: "To address NIH support in basic behavioral and social sciences that was fundamental to the prevention, treatment, and cure of illness and that was not linked to specific disease." The work group studied the NIH portfolio, looking for opportunities that would benefit NIH and barriers to the funding of this research. It now was recommending improved support for basic behavioral and social sciences (BBSS) research at the NIH.
+Behavioral and social processes occur within individuals, groups, organizations, and larger populations. Biopsychosocial processes are the interactions of biological factors with behavioral or social variables. Dr. Waite described BBSS research as critical to the NIH mission. We need a trans-NIH strategy for BBSS research and training. Recent changes in the priorities of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) have curtailed funding for BBSS research and might cause important areas of basic research to be lost. Social and behavioral factors affect every aspect of health and illness. Behavioral and social methods, measures, and constructs will be needed to help understand the relevance to health of breakthroughs in, for example, genetics, neural activity, and biomarkers.
+Robert Levenson, Ph.D., of the working group, presented a flowchart illustrating the causal areas for health and illness, including the levels of environment, social positions and processes, behavioral and psychological processes, and biological/genetic effects. Linked to those areas were broad areas of intervention. Dr. Levenson gave an example of a recent study led by BBSS researchers in developmental and personality psychology that found a gene polymorphism linked to the likelihood of developing depression. This likelihood resulted from a combination of the polymorphism and other behavioral/social factors such as stress — a complex relationship. This research (selected by Science as one of it's top five breakthrough studies of the year) demonstrated the importance of very basic BBSS for uncovering results that could lead to new interventions for prevention and treatment. BBSS researchers need to study emotions, health-promoting behaviors, cognitive styles, and much more to unravel such disorders and to develop interventions. Such sciences have been developed independently of work on genes and psychopathology. They would benefit from a stable home within the NIH.
+Working group member Susan Fiske, Ph.D., reviewed opportunities in BBSS research related to health and disease. At the macro level, population changes that involve frequent moving, and changing community inter-ethnic relationships, disrupt social networks. Health suffers because people depend on each other to remain healthy and their access to health care and information changes as well. At another level, health care depends in part on interpersonal relationships, which can suffer because of issues such as stereotyping and prejudice. Also, personal emotions — positive and negative — have physiological effects and can lead to health risks.
+Bruce McEwen, Ph.D., also of the work group, added the issue of gene-environment interactions and the need for cross-cutting research. For example, recent findings concerning effects of caregiver stress causing shortening of the telomeres and, hence, accelerated aging, came about through a collaboration between health psychologists and basic biological scientists. Work in this and related areas demonstrates that it is important to train researchers in multiple sciences. Such complex areas of health also require that scientists consider the entire life course, looking for pre-disease pathways as well as disease pathways.
+The working group's examination of the NIH portfolio revealed BBSS research was being conducted in more than a half-dozen institutes. Yet these institutes are devoted to specific diseases or life stages. There is no home for BBSS research that is not related to a particular disease or life stage. Therefore, the working group made recommendations, including the following:
+OBSSR could support the following activities:
+Dr. Zerhouni thanked the working group for its presentation. In response to a question, Dr. Waite noted that the proposal by the working group was to create a division or program within an existing institute or center, not to create a separate institute or center.
+Dr. Williams asked how needs of this research compared to other cross-cutting research that did not fit into specific diseases or life stages, for example, biophysics. Dr. Levenson responded that BBSS research was reduced when the NIMH refocused its energies on its essential mission: mental health and illness. This demonstrates how BBSS research can suffer when not tied formally to an NIH institute or center. Dr. Fiske added that historically there has been an underappreciation for social and behavioral factors in health.
+Dr. Smarr expressed the concern that by placing BBSS research in one place within the NIH, the other institutes and centers would not feel obligated to pursue this research. Perhaps there could be a home for a number of basic nonapplied sciences, such as BBSS and information sciences, and a formal encouragement by the Director to spread the research among all institutes and centers where appropriate (and in the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research).
+Dr. Levenson commented that the National Science Foundation has only a very small budget for BBSS research, although this research is part of the NSF mission. Dr. Zerhouni wondered why the NSF does not invest a larger fraction of its funding in such research. Other committee members emphasized the pervasive importance of BBSS research issues for diseases and disorders such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Dr. Fiske stressed the need for fundamental work in BBSS research, as opposed to applied work.
+Dr. Zerhouni asked the work group members whether they considered the NIH portfolio to be properly balanced with regard to fundamental undifferentiated research and basic research. Referring to an appendix of funding amounts, Dr. Waite noted that, for example, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) funds a great deal of research that is BBSS-related, yet the research focuses strictly on cancer. Much important BBSS research cannot fit into NCI's disease-based scenario or that of other institutes.
+Dr. Zerhouni agreed that there was a large gap in BBSS research, yet he expressed discomfort with the prescription of large, costly structural change. He went on to suggest the possibility of an opportunity-cost analysis of the NIH portfolio. How could we balance portfolio review analysis with these issues? An important question is about scientific opportunities for new knowledge that could enhance our understanding of both biology and behavior. Dr. Zerhouni suggested that we are entering into important interface fields, such as neurobiology and behavior and the interaction with genetics. Yet, in addressing this trend, we must perform analyses on the balance of the NIH portfolio before choosing to shift funding from one area to another.
+Dr. Reede reported progress made by the working group for outside awards for NIH employees. This working group has addressed concerns that some outside awards to NIH employees have had the appearance of a quid pro quo, or employees have been paid by a sponsor to talk about official duties. Questionable activities have included:
+A two-pronged approach to the problem was developed. First, the working group created a list of pre-screened awards that would be publicly available. These were obtained by asking the institutes and centers to provide lists of prestigious awards, passing the full list to the NIH Ethics Office for review, and finally review of the list by the working group and by the full ACD. Second, the working group would continue the program of case-by-case analysis of the awards with regard to the sponsors, recipients, and the potential for conflicts of interest. Added to this would be a prohibition on the receipt of cash by senior employees in all cases except the very major awards (e.g., the Noble Prize and Lasker Award).
+The working group reviewed the initial list of prestigious awards, made some subtractions, and produced a list of pre-screened awards for the ACD to consider. Dr. Reede directed the committee members to the printed list, noting that more awards would be added to it in time. Also, awards could later be removed from the list if they become inappropriate. The list would be reevaluated yearly. Dr. Reede asked the committee members to review the list and recommend a final list of "bona fide awards for meritorious public service or achievement." She provided a description of such awards — for example, the award must be given on a regular basis and the selection of a recipient made based on written standards.
+The working group did not consider awards such as honors with no cash component, plaques or trophies with little intrinsic value, travel expenses to an event, and the waiver of registration fees for awards ceremonies.
+In reviewing 99 awards, the working group determined that 46 met the regulatory definition. Within the list of 99 the group also identified 40 awards that met the regulatory definition and bestowed cash not exceeding $200. The remaining awards did not offer enough information to determine whether they met the criteria. More research is needed.
+Dr. Bishop questioned the need to prohibit cash awards to senior employees. Why prohibit such awards when there is no conflict of interest? Dr. Kington explained that the ethics office recognized that, by definition, senior-level employees would commonly have conflicts of interest. By senior level employees is meant the senior-most members of the Office of Director — the Director, Deputy Directors, Associate Directors, and Office Directors — and, at the institutes and centers, equivalent positions.
+Dr. Zerhouni cited one case that prompted these activities. An institute director was invited to give a lecture, with a significant award, and the award was very much at the discretion of someone who was a recipient of a grant from that institute in that timeframe.
+Dr. Bishop asked how the group was determining which awards are "prestigious." Dr. Zerhouni responded that this issue is contentious. The idea is to exclude awards that are not given through some sort of jury process. Dr. Kington stated that there remains a need for the NIH Ethics Office to make a judgment call at times (as in allowing senior-level employees to accept the few very major awards). The idea is to make the award process beyond reproach. Part of that is holding the most senior-level employees to a higher standard.
+Dr. Kington further explained the process whereby an award not on the list could be submitted for admission and considered on an ad hoc basis. It would be reviewed by the NIH Ethics Advisory Committee and by a subgroup of the ACD. The intent of the program would be to consider any submitted award and allow it if it was found to meet the criteria, and at the same time to expedite awards that had already been vetted and were on the list of pre-screened awards.
+Dr. Pickett asked whether any focus groups of intramural scientists gave input to the development of this project. What effect would such a program have on recruiting and retaining extramural researchers at the NIH? Dr. Kington responded that such focus groups were not used. Dr. Zerhouni explained that another reason to have the moratorium was to produce impact analysis and education, especially within the intramural community, which is very concerned about such restrictions. Dr. Kington reminded the group that this new policy would govern awards only, a small subset of the larger enterprise in which scientists are invited to speak at institutions and which does not have these conflict-of-interest problems. A goal is to avoid placing restrictions on any activities of researchers (speaking, teaching CME courses, etc.) other than awards that have conflicts of interest.
+Dr. Smarr encouraged the working group to consider the case of the University of California, which recently developed similar rules about receiving gifts. Dr. Kington indicated that the NIH blue ribbon panel reviewed a number of university and organizational standards for conflict-of-interest management.
+Dr. Vijayanagar moved that the committee vote to endorse the proposal of the working group. The motion was seconded and approved, with three abstentions.
+Mr. Turman, Associate Director for Budget, NIH, described the current state of the budgetary process. The NIH budget is $28 billion, and the NIH has been operating under a continuing resolution since October 1. The process for passage of a new budget is not quite complete.
+The President asked for an increase of about 2.6 percent. Congress deliberated and now appears ready to support a 2-percent increase, about $565 million more than the previous year. Mr. Turman suggested that the NIH had done as well as could be expected, considering what Congress could afford, the size of the NIH, and current priorities. In contrast, the National Science Foundation's budget was cut by more than $100 million.
+Mr. Turman will be able to offer a picture of the final dollar amounts for FY2005 at the June ACD meeting. At that meeting, the ACD members also can discuss the President's 2006 budget request, which he will release in February.
+Dr. Williams wondered whether the academic community should plan for across-the-board reductions in continuation grants. And if so, should they be by institute or globally? What should researchers be told about the total pool of new R01s?
+Mr. Turman responded that the NIH historically has worked hard to pay commitments in terms of the out-year cost of grants and there is every hope that this would continue. As for new and competing grants, it is hard to know.
+Dr. Zerhouni noted that the budget allocations for the institutes are derived by a complex formula. Typically, each institute receives about the same increase. Exceptions occur, however, as in the case of the increased emphasis on biodefense, which caused a proportionally larger increase for the NIAID.
+Mr. Sadwin asked whether the NIH had numbers that would show what could not be funded because budget levels were lower. Mr. Turman responded that his office could develop such figures. Some numbers had been printed in the Congressional Record in response to a request from Senator Specter. Mr. Sadwin stated that it might be helpful to communicate such figures.
+Regarding special allocations in the new budget that went beyond the initial proposal, Dr. Zerhouni cited an extra $30 million to fund extramural construction with the National Center for Research Resources and an extra $14.5 million for phase-2 construction of the Porter Neuroscience Building.
+Dr. Pickett wondered whether, given the flat budget, the NIH performed a portfolio review across all the institutes, seeking programs to eliminate. Dr. Zerhouni responded that a mechanism for this existed within each institute. He meets with the institute Directors to discuss these issues, which have become more important in this era of smaller increases.
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo, Deputy Director for Extramural Research, NIH, explained that the postdoc effort grew from an initial meeting in October 2003, chaired by Dr. Burgess and Ruth Kirschstein, M.D. A uniform benefits package for postdocs, regardless of appointment or mechanism of support, was proposed at that meeting. Other goals discussed in the meeting included the following: establishing postdoc offices at research institutions, creating a portable transition award that could be taken to institutions, and collecting data on postdoc fellows supported by research grants.
+A National Postdoctoral Association white paper made similar proposals and went on to propose increases in stipends. A recent FASEB document also proposed increased support, especially in benefits.
+The working group considered those proposals, conferred with persons at NIH who manage postdoc training programs, and developed the following list of priorities:
+The group considered the first two priorities to be most important. It performed an analysis and produced the following anticipated costs (where monetary health insurance increases are offset by reductions in the number of full-time training positions (FTTP)):
+The National Postdoctoral Association and the NIH training managers are continuing to discuss these issues. The National Academy of Sciences plans to release a National Research Service Award personnel needs study at the beginning of 2005. The NIH is engaged in a postdoctoral evaluation study, to be completed in 2005, and it plans to evaluate the mentored career development awards (K Awards).
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo explained details of the stipends and costs to programs. For training grants, tuition and fees cover health insurance, so there is no issue. It is an issue for the F32 mechanism.
+Dr. Williams made a motion, which was seconded and passed by a unanimous vote, to adopt a policy to increase the health insurance for postdocs. Dr. Burgess emphasized that the postdocs are entrusted with the future of medical science, so we must treat them well, recognizing that, in these times, they tend to be older and in need of larger stipends. Dr. Bishop cautioned that increases in benefits for the NIH intramural program could have a ripple effect, causing a need to increase pay scales for privately paid postdocs at other institutions.
+Dr. Zerhouni characterized this work as a first step, and expressed concern about the issue of new investigators. He expressed hope that the ongoing efforts would yield an understanding of the potential effects of these issues on hiring and retention. Dr. Ruiz Bravo added that the NIH is developing a Web page resource for new investigators, which would include information on grantsmanship and funding issues.
+Dr. Li, Director of the NIAAA, presented a history of the institute, current work, and goals for its future, providing an example of priority setting within the NIH.
+The NIAAA became an autonomous Institute of a newly created Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration in 1973. It was transferred to the NIH in 1992 as a research institute, with its service functions incorporated into the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Enoch Gordis, M.D., served as NIAAA Director from 1986 to 2001; Dr. Kington served as Interim Director in 2001-2002; and Dr. Li became Director in November 2002.
+Dr. Li provided some statistical context. The NIAAA stands close to the middle of the range of appropriations for NIH institutes. Alcohol consumption is one of the major modifiable factors contributing to death in the United States (about 3.5 percent in 2000).
+Dr. Li reviewed the pharmacokinetics of alcohol, noting that about 50 percent of the variation in its metabolism by individuals results from genetic traits. For alcohol to be psychoactive, it must be present in the body in millimolar concentrations. The neuropharmacological effect of alcohol is biphasic. At low concentrations, it acts as a stimulant; at higher concentrations, it produces a sedative, hypnotic action. It can cause death by halting respiration. All three of the metabolites — alcohol, acetaldehyde, and acetate — are psychoactive. Variation in alcohol's effects on individuals results from multiple molecular targets in the brain.
+Alcoholism is regarded as a common complex disorder, with multiple genetic and environmental factors and complexities in their interactions. Researchers have made great strides in uncovering genetic bases, for example, revealing genetic variants that protect persons from drinking too much and from developing alcoholism. They also have identified nonspecific genes, that is, genes that are involved in alcoholism, mental disorders, and personality traits in complex ways.
+Dr. Li stated that the NIAAA has been examining its strengths and opportunities to plan for the future. These strengths and opportunities reside in the following areas:
+The institute crafted the following vision and mission statement:
+To support and promote the best science on alcohol and health for the benefit of all. To use multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to increase understanding of normal and abnormal biological functions and behavior relating to alcohol use, to improve the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of alcohol use disorders, and to enhance the quality of health care.
+The institute identified the following five areas of research emphasis: underage drinking, medications development, the etiology of risk (genes and environment), the mechanisms of alcohol action and injury, and behavioral and environmental interventions.
+Dr. Li noted some opportunities for translational research. Studies of alcohol-associated increases of corticosterone (a stress hormone) may give clues to differences in the development of alcoholism in men and women. For gene-environment interactions, researchers can study rats that are bred for high-alcohol preference, and then presented with environmental factors such as alcohol deprivation and alcohol availability.
+About a year ago, the NIAAA developed a matrix model to help address future challenges. The matrix links NIAAA's five areas of research emphasis to the five organizational branches of the institute:
+In addition, it links to those divisions the activities of (1) technology and analysis and (2) centers and training. The purposes of this structural alignment are to reinvigorate the NIAAA and stimulate interdisciplinary research, to promote creativity and multidisciplinary approaches among the staff, and to strengthen the scientific career development of the staff. The realignment should stimulate transdisciplinary intellectual development of science and its integration into the day-to-day administration of the institute's research portfolio.
+The NIAAA has begun major new research activities with the NCI, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), the Department of Justice, and the Department of Veteran's Affairs. Each is contributing to the funding of the activities. The NIAAA recently worked with the Department of Agriculture to produce a document of common definitions and measures, for example, for binge drinking and moderate drinking and for screening and treatment programs. The document is to be released in December 2004.
+Dr. Li stated that the NIAAA is in the final stages of completing a formative assessment of its structures and functions. Results will be released within a few months.
+Dr. Zerhouni stated that Dr. Li has been bringing an energetic change to the NIAAA and is performing a great service for the NIH and the country.
+Dr. Waite asked about the definitions of binge drinking and moderate drinking. Dr. Li responded that moderate drinking is usually defined as two drinks or less per day for men and one drink or less per day for women. Binge drinking is more difficult. Definitions range from five or more drinks per day to five or more drinks per occasion. But the occasion is not defined. Therefore, some researchers have tried to define binge drinking pharmacologically, that is, by the percentage of alcohol based on body weight.
+Dr. Smarr remarked on the intersection of the NIAAA's work, including genetic and pharmacological studies, with that of the social and behavioral sciences. Dr. Li responded that animal models become valuable in this case. Animal models can illuminate social interactions, although translating results to humans is difficult. A large problem with studying alcohol in humans is the variation in pharmacokinetics, the absorption and distribution of alcohol in the body. Ultimately, we need longitudinal studies in both general populations and high-risk groups.
+Dr. Smarr questioned how can the researchers study social effects in groups such as young persons. Dr. Li replied that such observational studies are conducted, although ethical concerns quickly arise. One way to address the ethical difficulties, suggested Dr. Li, would be to have health care professionals involved in designing the studies. This would allow them to intervene with the study participants when necessary, for example, if the subjects were drinking in a hazardous way. Dr. Waite noted that another problem is the lack of a good biomarker for recent alcohol consumption.
+Dr. Li explained that his institute has not attempted to differentiate between applied and basic research. He commented that he believes alcohol is a good chemical probe for normal biology. To perform basic research, one must perturb the system in some way. Dr. Kington noted that because the NIAAA supports so much research in animal models, which tends to be considered basic, NIAAA is described as supporting a large amount of basic behavioral research.
+Dr. Kington discussed the ongoing efforts in managing conflict of interest. In the previous year, the NIH has reviewed its ethics program, having been prompted by concerns of the Congress and journalists. Dr. Zerhouni initiated a comprehensive review of all activities and the development of recommendations by a blue ribbon task force. Since then, the NIH has been developing new policies. Dr. Zerhouni testified before the House Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, presenting an outline for revising the NIH's ethics program. The House subcommittee had produced a list of specific NIH activities with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that had not been approved.
+In September, Dr. Zerhouni announced that the NIH would request that the HHS ask the Office of Government Ethics (OGE) to institute a 1-year moratorium on all activities with compensation involving NIH employees and the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. This would give the NIH time to develop and put into practice a new system of oversight and management of an ethics program. Dr. Zerhouni has stressed that many relationships with the industries are healthy, but we need a policy that indicates under what circumstances the activities are allowed and who may be involved.
+The NIH is working with the Office of the General Counsel (OGC) to develop a policy and has requested that the OGE approve a set of supplemental regulations, allowing the NIH to operate under special rules temporarily. Policies are being developed in three areas: outside activities, awards, and financial holdings of employees.
+A large group of intramural scientists asked to be allowed to give input to the process. Drs. Zerhouni and Kington met with a group of these scientists very recently and, as a result, the NIH is setting up a working group through which they can continue to give input as the process moves forward.
+In the area of outside activities, one issue concerns academic pursuits, such as teaching, writing, and speaking. The NIH desires to create a policy that would allow many of those activities to occur. Long-standing government laws already regulate some of them.
+In the area of financial interests, the NIH would establish limits on holdings in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Such holdings would be entirely banned for some high-level employees. The goal would be to create targeted rules that address specific conflicts.
+In the area of awards, again, the NIH desires to create policies that target the greatest conflicts, especially those involving high-level employees with grant-making authority.
+In all cases, the NIH would increase the transparency of potential conflicts. To that end, the NIH asked the OGE to allow it to increase the number of individuals required to submit financial public disclosure statements. This number likely will increase to about 500. The request has been granted.
+The NIH has investigated a list of potentially improper employee contacts with companies. The House subcommittee provided this list and the NIH and involved companies helped develop it. Some cases on the list proved to be simple mistakes. Others cases involved contacts without prior approval.
+The NIH will increase the awareness of potential conflicts of interest by instituting mandatory ethics training for all employees.
+The committee asked about potential tension in hiring in the wake of these new, stricter conflict-of-interest rules. Dr. Kington explained this has been a concern from the beginning. Dr. Zerhouni has insisted that the process not harm the ability of NIH to recruit and retain first-rate scientists. Some scientists have expressed concern. In part, the 1-year moratorium will be used to measure the impact on recruitment and retention. Dr. Kington noted that most NIH scientists have not had any contacts with pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.
+Michael Gottesman, M.D., Deputy Director for Intramural Research, remarked that NIH scientists have always been restricted in many ways. The effect on morale appears to be a recent phenomenon. This process could be an opportunity to better the situation, even though a subset of scientists would always choose not to work for the Federal Government.
+Dr. Smarr cited the complexity that scientists face in determining the best practices. Perhaps the NIH could develop a coaching or counseling service, setting a tone that suggests the government is there to help.
+Dr. Kington noted that some steps have been taken. For cases with the highest potential for conflict, the NIH has centralized the review process. To add a level of peer review, the NIH has created an NIH Ethics Advisory Committee (including Dr. Kington, Dr. Gottesman, and senior scientists) that will review all requests and activities involving companies. The size of the Director's ethics staff is being increased, and there will be a new wave of education for officials and employees.
+Dr. Pickett encouraged the NIH to focus on financial conflicts of interest and avoid being too bureaucratic. Dr. Kington responded that the planners are attempting to keep it simple. Transition periods and exception processes would be built into the new policy. The Federal Register would post the start date for the new regulations.
+In response to a question about paid travel to conferences, Dr. Gottesman described efforts to ensure that NIH scientists could travel to a number of meetings each year and to allow for flexibility.
+Mr. John Burklow, Associate Director for Communications and Public Liaison, NIH, provided an update on the implementation of the NIH Communications Plan. The plan employs efforts within three strategic areas: (1) infrastructure and systems, (2) proactive media, and (3) outside collaborations.
+Infrastructure and systems include efforts such as creating uniform press releases. The office has produced attractive informative booklets that describe the work of the NIH. These publications contain stories of scientists and patients who represent progress throughout the NIH's history.
+Recently, the office held NIH Director's Media Briefings and hard-hat tours of the new clinical center. To publicize the opening of the clinical center, the Communications Office produced radio and television spots featuring Drs. Zerhouni and Gallin, a satellite media tour, and a variety of media news releases. The activities generated about 50 million media impressions. The effort has included Spanish-language publications, Web sites, and community outreach.
+For outside collaborations, the Communications Office has worked with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to increase awareness of medical research around the nation. The office has worked with the NIH Alumni Association to increase the reach of NIH publicity. The office made strong efforts to promote the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research Anniversary and the COPR Public Trust Workshop. In a bit of serendipity, the NIH has received recognition because of a new NBC television series that uses the NIH as a dramatic fictionalized backdrop. Representatives of the NIH provided information to the television network as it created the show. The NIH and NBC cite each other on their respective Web sites. This produced a new high in NIH Web site hits in October.
+Dr. Smarr suggested that the Office of Communications employ computer-Web technology to check Web trails. That is, persons coming to the NIH Web site provide evidence of their previous Web locations and can therefore reveal to the Communications Office the sites that referred them to the NIH. Dr. Smarr also suggested that the office, in its efforts to target Hispanic populations, consider collaborating with Hispanic media groups, which could lead to partnering and the sharing of ideas.
+Dr. Gallin, Director, NIH Clinical Center, reported that the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the new Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center occurred on September 22, 2004. The hospital will receive its first patients in early 2005.
+The new research center is situated next to and connected with the original Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center. Together, these two facilities will now compose the NIH Clinical Center, the world's largest and most advanced clinical research facility.
+Dr. Gallin hailed the original Clinical Center, with its long history of science and medicine and its unique feature of placing in-patients near the research laboratories. The Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center comprises four modular units to house in-patients in 242 beds, flanked by two laboratory buildings. Patients and scientists will continue to have close proximity. The new center will feature 80 day-hospital stations, where patients may stay up to about 14 hours for complex treatments or study.
+Dr. Gallin listed some of the remarkable medical breakthroughs that have occurred at the Clinical Center during the past 50 years, including the following:
+The NIH recently launched a new clinical research information system, which includes a data warehouse that eventually will partner with extramural sites.
+Dr. Gallin described the population that works in the Clinical Center, including about 1,900 employees who are based there and some 4,000 institute-based employees. This includes approximately 1,200 credentialed physicians and 445 principal investigators. Nearly 83,000 patients spent time in the clinical center during 2003.
+Every patient participates in a protocol. About one-third of the patients today are self-referrals. The Clinical Center has the largest group of patients with orphan/rare diseases in the world. The new clinical research center features a flexible infrastructure and unique lab equipment (e.g., cyclotrons) and will have the capacity to synthesize small amounts of candidate drugs and perform special lab tests. Dr. Gallin expressed the hope that the new clinical research center would become a national resource, drawing investigators from across the nation. It will be able to facilitate difficult and long-term studies and provide rapid response to public health emergencies (e.g., biodefense). The NIH is developing a new curriculum for clinical research training, to be used at the Clinical Center and exported to other educational institutions.
+Dr. Smarr expressed satisfaction with the plans to design information technology systems that are proactive. Dr. Gallin responded that a goal is to make these technologies available to researchers in partnerships and to export the technology to other institutions. One example is a new system, called "ProtoType," which helps researchers to write protocols, to track activities, and to coordinate with other agencies, such as in reporting adverse events to the FDA. The NIH has exported this developing program to Rockefeller University for testing and improvement.
+Dr. Smarr suggested that data warehousing represents another opportunity to build and export information systems. Dr. Gallin agreed, citing the long-term goal to make the Clinical Center a national resource.
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo reported on the progress of an initiative to increase public access to NIH research results by creating an archive of peer reviewed publications by NIH-supported researchers. She listed the following purposes for developing the new policy:
+The advancement of technologies has driven this program. Dr. Ruiz Bravo noted that about 80 percent of adult users of the Internet searched for at least one health topic in the past year.
+The draft policy requests that NIH-funded investigators submit electronically to the NIH the final, peer-reviewed author's copy of their scientific manuscripts. This copy would be embargoed from release by NIH for six months after the date of publication.
+The NIH held public meetings with publishers, associations, investigators, and disease advocacy groups during the summer of 2004 to discuss the new policy. The policy was announced in the NIH Guide and the Federal Register in September 2004. Dr. Ruiz Bravo showed results of comments received since the beginning of September, with a significant rise beginning in late October. Of the 6,200 responses, most were submitted electronically (Web site and e-mail). About 41 percent expressed agreement with the concept of the new policy, and about 8 percent expressed disagreement. As for the proposed implementation, about 66 percent expressed agreement, and about 22 percent expressed disagreement.
+Specific opinions in favor of the new policy included the following (among many others):
+Opinions disagreeing with the policy included the following (among many others):
+Frequently asked questions included the following:
+Dr. Bravo stated that the NIH intends to preserve the critical role of journals and publishers in peer review, editing, and scientific quality-control processes. Only about 10 percent of all articles published in 5,000 journals are NIH-supported. The policy should have no effect on copyrighting articles. It should cost about $2 million in 2005 and slightly more in 2006. The NIH is continuing to analyze and address the comments being received.
+Dr. Masters credited the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology for pioneering this electronic publishing era by launching an online journal 10 years ago. She listed a number of recommendations, including some already expressed:
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo responded that the NIH is working with stakeholders, will build a process of evaluation into the program, will encourage other archives, will attempt to avoid redundancies, will ensure that copyrights are not affected, and will attempt to keep costs down, for example, by adding to an existing system rather than creating an entirely new one.
+Dr. Barron asked whether submission of the manuscripts would continue to be voluntary. Dr. Ruiz Bravo replied that this policy is still under consideration. She explained that reasons for asking for the articles then holding them for six months include aiding in the management of the NIH portfolio and countering the fact that many manuscripts would not be submitted in a timely manner otherwise.
+The committee members noted areas in which the new policy likely would have to undergo revision down the road. For example, how would the coordinates of protein structures be handled? Could the archive become an open-source environment, in which outsiders could submit comments on the articles? Could the articles link to relevant government documents written in lower-level language?
+Dr. Ruiz Bravo indicated that the group would consider those questions, and she thanked the meeting participants for their input.
+Dr. Kington adjourned the meeting.
+The Advisory Committee to the Director of the National Institutes of Health convened on December 2 and 3, 2004, to learn about progress in implementing the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research and revising the Director's Pioneer Awards Program; to hear about the progress of the new Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center; to learn the results of the COPR Public Trust Workshop; to receive updates on the work of the Research Opportunities in the Basic Behavioral and Social Sciences Working Group, the Outside Awards for NIH Employees Working Group, and the Postdocs Working Group; to learn about current activities of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; and to learn about ongoing efforts in NIH public access, communications, and ethics.
+I hereby certify that, to the best of my knowledge, the foregoing minutes are accurate and complete.
+Raynard S. Kington, M.D., Ph.D.Executive Secretary, Advisory Committee to the DirectorDeputy Director, NIH
+Elias A. Zerhouni, M.D.Chairman, Advisory Committee to the DirectorDirector, NIH
+This page last reviewed on February 12, 2011
+Citywire printed articles sponsored by:
+View the article online at
+Pensioners have never had it so good, says IFS
+More than 40% of pensioners are in the top half of the income scale compared with just 25% 20 years ago, according to the IFS.
+by Michelle McGagh on Jun 29, 2012 at 12:02
+Rich pensioners who have enjoyed the fastest-rising incomes over the past decade should contribute more to their own long-term care costs, according to a new report.
+Although there has been little in the way of good news for pensioners this year, with low interest and annuity rates and poor investment returns hitting them hard, a report from the Institute of Fiscal Studies claims they shoulder less of a burden than working people.
+One of the key factors for retirees' strong position is the increase in their income over the past 10 years. Since 1999 pensioner income has risen 29.4%, while non-pensioners have seen a rise of 26%.
+More than 40% of pensioners are in the top half of the income scale compared with just 25% 20 years ago.
+Pensioners have benefited from boosted state and private pensions and Labour benefit changes, but have not had to bear the brunt of coalition cuts and tax increases; despite the ‘granny tax’ brought in as part of the March Budget, pensioners still lose out less than working-age households.
+In the paper, Pensioners and the tax and benefit system, the IFS said that means-testing fuel allowances and free TV licences would bring in £1.4 billion a year.
+It also recommends scrapping the 25% tax-free lump sum pensioners can take on retirement, which would raise £2.5 billion a year, and said other areas should be looked at, including the fact that pensioners pay no national insurance and the forgiveness of capital gains tax on death.
+The IFS said these savings could be used to fund long-term care for the elderly, as set out by the Dilnot Commission.
+Paul Johnson, IFS director and co-author of the report, said: ‘Should government choose, there are ways of raising money to pay for the changes from relatively well-off pensioners, the group which will benefit most from the [Dilnot] proposals.’
+However, Malcolm McLean of consultancy firm Barnett Waddingham was wary of using statistical averages.
+‘There is no doubt there are many comfortably off pensioners at the present time who are benefitting from the proceed of generous final salary schemes… But there are also many more who are certainly not in that position and are bumping along at or only slightly above the poverty line.
+‘Membership of expensive golf club and three foreign holidays a year is definitely not how they spend their time – rather it is a continual struggle how to feed and clothe themselves and heat their homes.’
+Sponsored By:
+More about this:
+More from us
+- Don't miss out on £10,000 of extra retirement income
+- 50-year-olds need to double the amount they save
+- How to boost your pension in retirement
+- Pensioner entrepreneurs: the new way to spend your retirement
+- 'Granny tax' is an unfair attack on our pensions
+-
+20 comments so far. Why not have your say?
+Ian Phillips
+Jun 29, 2012 at 12:49
+"Since 1999 pensioner income has risen 29.4%"......" benefited from boosted state pensions"
+Whoopee! an increase of 29% has given me a pension of £100 a week, now I really am well-off...........what twaddle!!report this
+Altogether now
+Jun 29, 2012 at 12:55
+In a May article we were told...
+."
+So what figures are the IFS using????report this
+PINNA
+Jun 29, 2012 at 13:10
+STOP LUMPING ALL PENSIONERS TOGETHER!!!!!! Anyone purporting to be an 'expert' should be more explicit or SHUT UP!!!!!!!!!report this
+2nd class citizen
+Jun 29, 2012 at 13:18
+Ian I totally agree. "twaddle" sums this statement up absolutely. Since retiring my pension has increased annually by a minimum of 25p and a maximum of £5.30
+My "boosted" state pension now pays me £107.45 per week. Now that makes me seriously well off.report this
+Jon
+Jun 29, 2012 at 13:42
+And I bet that the IFS have final salary index linked pension funds too !!report this
+Ron Ball
+Jun 29, 2012 at 14:06
+When producing all this rubbish about just how wealthy pensioners are, it should not be forgotten that the state pension in the UK is almost the worst in Europe — where the average state pension is of the order of 50% of average wage. Here it is about 20% — less as a percentage than when it was introduced by Lloyd George. Perhaps the average wealth of that top 40% — above — has been boosted by the state subsidized guaranteed pensions of doctors and other state employees?report this
+snoekie
+Jun 29, 2012 at 14:08
+All this talk, 'scrap this or that allowance/exemption' and we will raise £x, quite forgetting that they are talking about people who have paid in for others and now want their due in their turn. In many instances they are going after people who were prudent and provided for their twilight years (on top of the pittance paif by the state) and, gee whiz, on top of the 40% IIHT (after £325000) they want to add CGT. What are they going to do, allow IHT to bite and then take another bite with CGT, and perhaps even on the home of the deceased? After all, this goes to those who didn't contribute to those assets and it is better for the State to have this as they are far better at squandering the money so raised.
+The first tax is a tax on already taxed assets, and the second is a tax which results from inflation, which is virtually totally controlled by the State, in the current climate, mightily stoked by QE (AKA counterfeiting), but the exemptions have not kept pace with inflation and the State has directed that it's poodle (BoE) keep the interest rates at artificially low levels.
+And then there is the tax on SIPP income, when drawn down. It has been taxed (withholding tax on dividends), and more has to be paid on draw down (but the annual charges on the SIPP funds cannot be set off against that part of the tax. Time that these idiots get some joined up thinking, and a brain to remember that tax is legalised theft and not the right of the govt to have, and undeserving leech/hanger on, and a great deal of it is squandered and politicians have total immunity for their incompetence in spending the money so raised.
+If you have nothing, they leave you alone, perhaps even give you a pittance, but if you have something, after you have earned your money, by the sweat of your brow, even before you have washed (in taxed water and fuel for heating the water, they come around with the grubby paws out demanding with menaces, and a truncheon behind their back dare you resist.
+End of rantreport this
+Simon Taylor
+Jun 29, 2012 at 14:16
+Pensioners are an increasing proportion of the popluation. Oh, and they tend to vote.
+Hence, policies geared towards giving older people universal free stuff such as bus passes and heating money are attractive to politicians with an eye on the main chance.
+In younger voters could tear themselves away from their iPhones for the time it takes to cast a ballot, they might be able to save themselves from having to pay for this folly.report this
+White Stick follower
+Jun 29, 2012 at 15:50
+As above the 'wealthy' are those pensioners who provided for themselves in retirement, by not spending every penny they received whilst working. Means testing would cost the Treasury money, so the net gain, if any, would be far less. As for voting, yes the Silver Vote is far more diligently applied by older folk, who by & large, consider it their duty to vote as opposed to the 'grab it now' younger people who are "too busy" to bother. I must make it clear that neither group fall exclusively into either camp, but it is a fact, and politicians, especially when elections loom, remember the Silver Vote.
+As for IFS I doubt there are many pensioners amongst them, but whilst they bask in their, probably, excessive salaries, they might do well to consider that they too will be pensioners, at some time, if they live long enough. Had I only the State Pension to live on I could not subsist, but I have a contributory pension earned whilst working, and an FSAVC which, of course, I paid in to. Thus it appears that my prudence has placed me in the exclusive group of so-called wealthy pensioners. Percentages and statistics are convenient devices to produce an answer that suits the objective, but, at the risk of stating the obvious a 2.5 % rise against £107 is a lot less than 2.5% of an umpteen thousand pounds pension enjoyed by the 'captains of industry'- and bankers, and probably the IFS members.report this
+P Williams
+Jun 29, 2012 at 17:05
+Yes, agree for a very small minority of pensioners. Those on Public sector inflation proofed gold plated schemes such as overpaid NHS Consultants, higher Civil servants and MPs.
+Lets be clear the vast majority of pensioners do not fall into these categories and many thousands in private sector schemes have seen their pensions disappear; from being wound up, to the failure of equitable life and are on pitiful private pensions, often as little as a few pounds a week. Add this to their state old age pension and they certainly do not qualify 'as well off'.
+So please, do your research and avoid these silly generalisations.report this
+dd
+Jun 30, 2012 at 01:31
+Within the private sector, a yawning gap (which will become more evident in the next few years) is appearing as those with DC pensions are forced to retire and be reliant upon pension pots which have been ravaged by QE and longevity, both of which affect the gilt yields and therefore annuity rates, and of course by Gordon Brown's raid.
+Those pensioners in the private sector who appear to be well off are those whose contracts were DB pensions. These are literally a dying breed.
+It is the latter group which is used for comparison purposes by the public sector in their wage negotiations.report this
+RobtheFox
+Jun 30, 2012 at 11:15
+Yet again we have a group of "experts" - presumably self entitled - telling the world how the pensioners are better off now and should shoulder some (more) of the responsibility etc etc etc
+Perhaps if these experts spent more time actually talking with pensioners instead of juggling figures in their office they might come up with something near to intelligent comment.
+So you experts when I retired my full basic pension was set at £95.25 per week; I should by now have had it increased to the full £107.45 per week,.
+but I don't...it is still £95.25 because I am one of the 4% of the total UK pensioner citizenship world wide whose pension is frozen. If you live in the UK, EU or a select group of countries like USA or Turkey or Israel the same annual uprate is applied each April but if you are in Canada, Australia or even the Falkland Islands your pension is frozen at the rate first payable in the host country. No logical reason; no legal, moral, financial or administrative justification just crass government intransigence...which Cameron, Clegg, Osborne and Pensions Minister Webb all vowed to abolish when in opposition. Short memories and cowardice now of course as "we're in government"
+But as it is pensioners we are talking about include a picture of a couple of deck chairs on some sun drenched beach and then produce the lies, damned lies and statistics and, what the hell, if it makes a good story what has truth and fact got to do with it?report this
+George Tynesider
+Jun 30, 2012 at 13:10
+I wish that these Èxperts`would do a little research before making such sweeping, inaccurate, and downright foolish statements..
+Certainly SOME pensioners may be comfortably off, but the writer of this drivel should talk to some of the forgotten 4%. I`m referring of course to the approximately 600,000 `Frozen` ex pat pensioners whos pensions are not indexed. If the writer of this article can show me how to live in reasonable comfort, on the same wage as they earned even 10 years ago, I will apologise, and publicly eat humble pie.report this
+Jane Davies
+Jul 01, 2012 at 17:20
+What has a sundrenched beach got to do with this article? It seems there is resentment by the authors Michelle McGagh and Paul Johnson that pensioners "shoulder less of the burden than working people". What do they think pensioners have done all their working lives? Forty odd years of "shouldering the burden" for goodness sake. Forty odd years of paying taxes and NI contributions, those NI contributions payed for the state pensions of the pensioners of the day, that's the way the system works. If any pensioners are well off it's because they worked hard and saved towards their retirement why should today's government "raise money" from their hard work and thrift?
+As for the frozen state pensions...this is nothing but theft. All the while one pays mandatory contributions for 40 years to guarantee a state pension at no time was it ever hinted that if one decides for whatever reason to retire abroad and you happen to go to a "wrong" country that your rights would be withdrawn. Your right to annual increases is frozen, not everywhere, just certain countries. I stupidly thought we as UK citizens had freedom of choice, was that not why we fought in and won two world wars? When I was working and paying my dues one never heard anyone whinging about how "pensioners no longer shared the burdon" it was a given that they had done their fair share and deserved to enjoy the last years of life. So stop pensioner bashing and use your influence to stand up for those being robbed by the government and demand an end to frozen state pensions, after all a private pension provider would soon feel the full force of the law if they treated their policy holders in this way so why should ministers get away with it.report this
+Trustim
+Jul 02, 2012 at 12:55
+Scapping the 25% tax free lump sum on Final Salary schemes will put an increase burden on the liability of the funds over the longer term, therefore quicken the demise of any schemes that are left - last one out turn off the light!!report this
+Anonymous 1 needed this 'off the record'
+Jul 02, 2012 at 13:56
+The better off earners use their AVC's as their tax -free cash lump sum in retirement, therefore preserving their Final Salary Pension in full. So, presumably the £2.5 billon to be saved each year comes from those on lower incomes whose only savings might be their 25% tax free lump sum on retirement?
+The IFS report does not suggest that AVC's are under consideration.report this
+dd
+Jul 02, 2012 at 14:03
+"Scrapping the 25% tax free lump sum":
+- final salary private sector - Will cease to exist shortly. There will be nothing to scrap.
+- final salary public sector - I can feel a strike coming on.
+- dc pension private sector - Will have no access to their own money, after all the negative effects of demographics, QE and GB?
+I agree that much talk on pensions is over generalised.report this
+dd
+Jul 02, 2012 at 15:09
+Anon 1:
+I guess you are talking about the private sector, with their AVCs for cash and final salary for income.
+The tax free lump sum received by (some?) public servants is ... in addition to full final salary pension, isn't it? In this case, the final salary pension would be unaffected, they would simply (!) lose a 25% tax free lump sum if the scrapping applied to them. Please correct me if I am wrong.report this
+Trustim
+Jul 02, 2012 at 17:12
+dd
+Yes, I am refering to the private sector.
+In Para 2 the tax free lump sum is part of the total pension package. If you were unable to receive the tax free lump sum I presume there would be 2 options:
+Take the 25% and pay tax on it or
+Have no lump sum, then your monthy pension would be re-calculated upwards to maintain the total entitlement.report this
+dd
+Jul 02, 2012 at 17:52
+Thanks for that.
+What concerns me is the suggestion by the IFS that only one section of society should lose the 25% tax free lump sum, though this isn't clear in the article so I would be happy to be corrected.
+I suspect that there will be more and more people like those described by Malcolm M in the article as the final salary schemes close down.report this
+Please sign in here or register here to comment. It is free to register and only takes a minute or two.
+In the US, we’re numbed to economic bulls*** that people in other countries simply won’t stand for. Our repeated exposure to the worst extremes of abject wastefulness and greed-fueled power plays makes anything that’s not immediately gut-wrenching begin to seem…acceptable.
+Case in point: the cost of education and how we’re asked to manage it.Just three years ago, the government of Quebec announced plans
+“to raise university tuition from $2,168 to $3,793 between 2012 and 2018″… and in Montreal people took to the streets, OUTRAGED. For WEEKS.
+Meanwhile in the US, the average year of tuition at an in-state school ranges from $4890 in WY to $15160 in NH. (It’s $7644 in NY where I live.) For private schools, the average published price is $32,410 year, though private institutions often offer discounts bringing the paid price to an average of $15,000 annually.
+There’s sometimes a difference between the published price and what students actually pay: state, federal, and institution-based grants and scholarships often lower the cost, and schools can opt to offer various discounts (There’s a great NPR Planet Money on this.)
+However, room and board fees heighten the cost, and often the grants and scholarships aren’t available if you go part-time. So, “saving” tuition to attend school full time means potentially paying more overall if, say, you can’t work part-time.
+Now, part of the reason Quebecers were so outraged about the price of school was: “if it goes up too high, we can’t pay for it with our current jobs.”
+That’s right: people who live on the same continent as the USA expected it to be possible to pay as they go to school, with their wages.*
+To attend school, what do people in the US expect to do?
+– people with access to resources pay cash, either by a living family member with wealth footing the bill, or via the the ol’ working-class lottery: someone dies and leaves you insurance or inheritance money.
+– people without access to large amounts of resources take out loans for some or all of the cost, sometimes working part-time to cover some costs.
+So in the US we’re charged for school at rates that people other places riot over. And we pay. Between 2004 and 2014, the average student loan balance increased by 74 percent. During that same time period, the number of borrowers increased by 92 percent. (Source: Data for Good)
+ADD-ONS: BUY THE WHOLE EXPERIENCE AKA WORKING IS GAUCHE
+It’s also mythologized that one has to “go away” to school to truly have an educational experience. I never lived in a dorm and I’m quite cultured: just the other day I stuck Peeps on fried pound cake with MASCARPONE. (Happy Easter!) But frankly, while for some people living on-campus is the only or best option, it also is a huge “hidden cost”.
+If you’ve read anything about sales or marketing lately, you may have heard that consumer culture is more and more encouraged to pay for an experience: and, you know — make it “nice” aka “upmarket” aka “gentrify everything”. Don’t just go to Iceland…go to bespoke Iceland!
+In the US, school too is a harbinger of such anxious middle-class values: in the above-mentioned Planet Money, the curtain is pulled back as an admissions officer explains, “If we lower the price, people will think it’s a less good school – it’s better to offer a discount. It’s like a car: do you want a $50k car for $30k, or a $30k car for $30k?” (note: I want a 5k motorcycle).
+Liberal-arts schools offer to act as sleep-away finishing grounds, offering surely great education with the sales point of cultural polishing, while casually locking so many of their attendees into decades of challenging payments… to support basically, marketing and some leftover vestiges of upper-class modernist bohemeanism (which was supported by a few rich patrons and patronesses btw): “I want the best for myself/my child!” “you have to be there, and take it all in!” “you can’t WORK and get everything out of school!”
+Folks: I am here to bust myths. If you work and go to school, or don’t live in a bespoke dorm, or don’t attend an Ivy-league private school: your brain still learns.
+Working may be tiring but it does not dirty your synapses. Think of the Quebec protestors: they expected to work and go to school — and to pay tuition as they go while they’re at it. Choosing aspects of your education with an eye on your future debt isn’t about denying yourself a “nicer thing,” it’s about the reality of making money and shelling it out later.
+Everyone is going to have a different comfort level for that, but the current tuition system attempts to force a middle-class value of salaried dayjob employment. Not only is that option rapidly vanishing, but it is not the only way one might wish to choose to live after graduation. How many options (not to mention assets you’d otherwise save for) are changed when one has minimum payments to contend with?
+IS IT THE LOAN OFFICERS? THE LOAN TAKERS? THE SYSTEM?
+Say you want to buy in. It’s smart: higher education is STILL one of the major demarcating factors in economic stability. There are many, many good reasons to go to school and to take loans to do so.
+Yet, I think the amount of debt one might be taking on is minimized: young people get “financial counseling” from their schools that amounts to a cloud of difficult-to-comprehend large numbers which is hand-waved away into an employed or employable future, one the person is locked into due to the loans they agreed to. (Honestly if I worked in a financial aid office I wouldn’t be able to sleep at night.) Hello creation of compulsory workers! Is motivation to succeed out of school a good thing? Sure. Is setting up a person for 15-30 years of payments something that truly makes sense to someone who may not have experienced a lot of financial responsibility before, someone who might not really dig what a $350+/month payment means, ethical? I just don’t think so.
+Suggesting that having high five- or six-figure loans is normal means that more people say yes to them, then more people have them, and then it becomes normal for schools to expect to get this much, and the tuition we’re used to in the USA remains in effect. God, it’s enough to make you want to go to Canada for school.**
+Using averages: private tuition is $15k a year after discounts, plus living expenses are $10k a year if you’re lucky. This is one way you might graduate with $100k in loans after four years like 5.6% of borrowers. Or, perhaps you go to public school and graduate with less debt, say the national average, which was $35k in 2015.
+No matter how much you end up with — once you graduate, the payback begins. And unlike certain presidential candidate hopefuls, we can’t declare bankruptcy like they used to.
+The 1970s-1990s: A GOLDEN TIME AND NOT JUST FOR MUSIC & SOCIAL CHANGE
+When we who experienced the ’90s think back: it was pretty cool. You could be gay and gas was cheap and there was a lot of righteous activism and good music. That’s how my friends who experienced the ’70s talk about it too — only difference is they could just declare bankruptcy after college and then start anew. Not so for us, anymore…
+Through 1975, all student loans were dischargeable in bankruptcy. In 1976 federal loans required a 5-year repayment before possible discharge. In 1984 private student loans became non-dischargeable, and in 2005 “Congress passed the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act” making it so that no student loan — federal or private — could be discharged in bankruptcy.
+NOW WHAT??!!!
+Friend: You may have student loans, and I don’t blame you or want you to feel bad about it. (I have loans too.) You wanted to go to school and that was how you made it work! The system was set up before you were born. So, before you glaze over with a bleakness, there are options.
+1. Paying, a few methods:
+- You can defer or request forbearance on some loans if you’re not working, or working at wages that don’t allow you to live and pay, but then you’re not adding time on the loan forgiveness clock.
+- You can pay your loan amounts, plus a little extra *one one specific loan* to knock out the principal faster and thus take your overall debt down faster.
+- You can pay the payments automatically each month so you don’t miss a payment, and thus at least boost your credit by demonstrating regular payments.
+2. Time-based Loan Forgiveness
+- “Public Service Loan Forgiveness program discharges any remaining debt after 10 years of full-time employment in public service. The borrower must have made 120 payments as part of the Direct Loan program. It is not taxable.”
+- (Regular) Loan forgiveness of the remaining balance after 25 years of repayment under the income-contingent and income-based repayment plans. BUT, the amount that is forgiven is TAXABLE INCOME. 🙁
+Gosh I’ve written a lot, and there is still so much more to say.
+One blog post, even if it’s long as heck like this one, cannot encompass all the nuances and edges and realities of student debt, and certainly you fine reader, will have things to add. Frankly, so will I!
+Over here I started trying to calculate the assumed salary and repayment schedule of an average student loan debt burden. Hint: I don’t think it’s super-achievable.
+Over here I look at the history of debt itself.
+Here I share one strategy on managing debt.
+And finally – one life hack: Getting a student loan is one of the few times in your young life you’ll have access to large amounts of money at relatively low interest rates. Think about it: if there’s any way to put that money into a low-risk asset in addition to your education, that earns more than the interest you’re paying… I’m just saying I’ve seen people do some smart things with down payments with extra student loan money. It’s not all bad!
+*****
+*While leaving your comfort zone is a great way to challenge your own thinking, and for some it’s a crucial-life-saving experience, that doesn’t mean you should just accept that your only option is to take out $5,000-$10,000 in living expenses annually for four years. That, friends, is a potential cloud of trouble. If it’s your best option, that’s cool: go in with your eyes open.
+**Actually that’s exactly what I did: worked my way through community college for two years, then transferred to the University of Toronto for my last two years of undergraduate school. Why? It was USD $6500 a year, the same as SUNY. And I did want to get out of my home city, and it was worth it.
+2 thoughts on “How Did Student Loans Become Debt Sentences?”
+There are times when one person is played by a set of twins, and there are times when a set of twins are played by twins (or triplets, etc.). What's rarer is when a pair of twins are played by the same person.
+Of course, there are more actors without twins than there are pairs of twins who are actors. Finding a pair that are identical enough and are both suitable for the part may be very hard and much more effort than just the one.
+Reasons for casting this way include when on long runners the twin reveal is a plot device thought up for an already developed character later on, and the actor hasn't got a twin. Other times, the production really wanted to hire a certain actor because of their marketability or skill massively outweighing pairs of twins that auditioned. Necessarily they are Always Identical Twins. The role in the story may take the form of the Backup Twin.
+However, though it may seem as though you could save money by hiring one actor to play two parts, it may cost more. If the twins ever interact then you're going to need to hire at least one other person to be a stand-in (and spend a lot of time finding someone who looks like the twin actor) as well as spend twice as long filming these scenes. You're also going to be paying the actor for two roles, not one. Still, the availability of twin-less actors plus their appeal may start saving the production money and bring in more viewers, so earning the money back more. As well as that, some specialist acting agencies for twins ramp up the hiring cost because of the scarcity of genuine twin roles and/or actors.
+A form of Acting for Two and usually achieved via Double Vision. The opposite of Making Use of the Twin.
+There can also be In-Universe examples, for when there is a Show Within a Show. If a character pretends to have a twin that's the Fake Twin Gambit.
+Note that only examples of twin/related characters should be listed: clones, doppelgängers, and other identical counterparts are more typically played by the same actor and not part of this trope. Voice Actors who voice both of a pair of twins go on Talking to Himself.
+Examples:
+- In a 1990s commercial for Diet Pepsi, Ray Charles introduces his twin brother Irv Charles, also played by Ray. In addition, the Raeletts (a trio of backup singers) have a set of twins, the Irvettes.
+- Done in both versions of The Parent Trap (the Hayley Mills original and the Lindsay Lohan version). The lead plays both separated at birth twins, as they were split as part of their parents' divorce proceedings and kept secret from each other. They swap places to get to know their other parent after meeting at camp before planning to get them back together.
+- Lindsay Lohan had another outing as twins separated at birth in I Know Who Killed Me, in which she played the bright-eyed and studious Aubrey, who turns up missing; meanwhile, her long-lost twin Dakota—a stripper who was abducted, tortured, and mutilated—suddenly surfaces and is mistaken for the former twin.
+- In the Christopher Nolan film The Prestige, Christian Bale portrays a magician and his identical twin brother, who is heavily disguised and passed off as an assistant whenever they appear together. The two brothers swap roles of magician and assistant, and when one of them loses a finger to injury, they work together to amputate the same finger from the previously-uninjured twin to maintain their role-swapping options.
+- In There Will Be Blood, Paul Dano plays both Eli Sunday, the two-faced young preacher who squares off against Daniel Plainview, and Paul Sunday, Eli's brother who leads Plainview to the oil on his family's land in exchange for a finder's fee. Dano was originally cast in the much smaller part of Paul, but when the actor who played Eli suddenly left the production, he took the starring role of Eli on short notice. This is played for a gag when Daniel does a Double Take on meeting Eli for the first time after having already dealt with Paul.
+- The Man in the Iron Mask goes with the theory that the titular man was Louis XIV's secret twin, with both being played by Leonardo DiCaprio. (This has been true of every film version of the story.)
+- Double Impact and Maximum Risk both feature Jean-Claude Van Damme playing two twin brothers.
+- Dead Ringers: Jeremy Irons plays twin brothers Elliot and Beverly Mantle, two wealthy private practice gynaecologists. Their interaction was mostly achieved via split screen.
+- In The Social Network, both Winklevoss twins were played by Armie Hammer. The production team used an innovative VFX technique in which Hammer acted alongside a body double, Josh Pence, while his scenes were filmed, and Hammer's face was later digitally grafted onto Pence's face during post-production.
+- In Legend, Tom Hardy portrays both Ronald and Reginald Kray, the infamous twin London Gangsters.
+- Shock Treatment has Cliff de Young play Brad Majors and Farley Flavors, who are revealed to be separated by adoption twin brothers.
+- Bette Davis in A Stolen Life and Dead Ringer.
+- In Adaptation., Nicolas Cage plays both Charlie Kaufman (a fictionalized version of the film's screenwriter) and Donald Kaufman, his fictional twin brother.
+- Edward Norton plays two twins in Leaves Of Grass.
+- Chris Rock plays two identical twins in Bad Company.
+- Bette Midler and Lily Tomlin each play a pair of identical twins in Big Business.
+- Freddie Highmore plays twins Jared and Simon in The Spiderwick Chronicles. Reportedly a number of viewers didn't know the characters were meant to be twins and thought Simon was played by another actor.
+- Sean Young plays twins Ellen and Dorothy in A Kiss Before Dying.
+- In Constantine Angela Dodgson is a twin, whose sister kills herself at the beginning of the film. Both are played by Rachel Weisz.
+- in The Cable Guy, Ben Stiller plays former TV child star Sam Sweet who is on trial for the murder of his twin brother Stan Sweet, also played by Stiller. Though.
+- Nikolaj Coster-Waldau plays identical twins Lucas and Jeffrey Desange in Mama. In the film, the latter dies in the opening act while the former fights child custody to be the legal guardian of the latter's now orphaned daughters.
+- In Bowfinger, Eddie Murphy plays Kit Ramsay and his nerdy twin brother Jiff.
+- In Jack and Jill, Adam Sandler plays both the main character and the character's twin sister.
+- In Inseparable, Benedict Cumberbatch plays Joe and Charlie.
+- The film My Brother's Keeper features Aaron Ashmore playing twin brothers. The irony? He has a twin who is also an actor (Shawn Ashmore) but was used for stunt work.
+- In Now You See Me 2, Woody Harrelson reprises his role from the first film, but also plays the character's twin brother, who was never mentioned in the first movie. In addition, the twin is secretly working for Arthur Tressler, the Big Bad.
+- In Wonder Man Danny Kaye plays Edwin Dingle and his twin Buzzy Bellew.note
+- In What Happened to Monday, Noomi Rapace plays a set of identical septuplets, each named after a day of the week.
+- In The Snowman (2017), Chloë Sevigny plays twin sisters Ane Pedersen and Sylvia Ottersen.
+- The half-forgotten parody Zorro, the Gay Blade was advertised to highlight this trope.TV Announcer: George Hamilton! George Hamilton! And a cast of peasants in... Zorro, the Gay Blade!
+- In The Green Butchers, Nikolaj Lie Kaas plays both the cynical stoner Bjarne and his mentally-challenged brother Egil.
+- Ringer: Sarah Michelle Gellar plays a pair of twins, one of which dies in the first episode (except she doesn't) and the other pretends to be her.
+- Arrested Development
+- George Bluth Sr. and Oscar Bluth are both played by Jeffrey Tambor.
+- It also has an exaggerated and quite literal example with the Richter quintuplets (all Andy Richter): Andy, the show off; Chareth, the flirt; Donny, the sensitive one; Rocky, Andy's stunt double; and Emmett, who asked that his face not be shown on camera (even though it looks like his brothers'). This is also an Actor Allusion to Richter's role as the father on the short-lived Quintuplets.
+- Ghost Whisperer had an episode where the ghost of one twin haunted her sister. Both were played by Jessica Collins.
+- Liv and Maddie Rooney of Liv and Maddie are both played by Dove Cameron. They do interact a lot, so there are stand-ins as well as shots being combined to show both of their faces. The title sequence notably has Liv taking a selfie of the pair, obviously both in shot. Somehow, though (probably because Liv is likely wearing heels while Maddie isn't), Liv is taller. (In "Helgaween-A-Rooney," she plays triplets.)
+- Bewitched. Elizabeth Montgomery played both Samantha and her mischevious twin cousin Serena, however, because the characters were so different that many fans were unaware that Elizabeth played both parts; to keep the charade going, she adopted a pseudonym when credited for Serena as Pandora Spocks.
+- I Dream of Jeannie. Barbara Eden plays not only Jeannie, but Jeannie's evil twin sister (whose name is also Jeannie), and their mother (whose name is also Jeannie as well).
+- In Popular a number of twins show up, and many are played by the same person, such as Emory Dick's younger sisters (who are the Alpha Bitches at their school) played by Alessandra Torresani
+.
+- In one episode on the Israeli sitcom Shemesh, the eponymous main character dates a woman, played by singer and actress Michal Tzafir (who has three siblings but no twin sister) who claims her identical twin sister is a kleptomaniac to explain why some shop owners angrily kick her out of their shops. At first he's delighted at the prospect of a Twin Threesome Fantasy coming true, but later she invites her sister to meet him at the restaurant he owns, and when she does they keep stepping out to call the other and just barely missing each other repeatedly (both are wearing the same outfit, except one of them has a scarf). He thinks it's a Conveniently Unverifiable Cover Story meant to cover for her kleptomania and breaks it off, citing trust issues. The next day, both twins come to his restaurant, and when he tries to go back on his decision, his ex refuses, citing trust issues.
+- The Columbo episode "Double Shock" featured Martin Landau portraying identical twins who use their looks to murder their rich uncle and cover their tracks.
+- Phoebe on Friends and her twin sister Ursula are both played by Lisa Kudrow. It should be noted that Ursula was originally the ditzy waitress from Mad About You. In order to 'explain' why Lisa Kudrow was on two shows, they had a two-part crossover revealing that Ursula was Phoebe's sister.
+- On Orphan Black, two of the numerous clones played by Tatiana Maslany turn out to be Separated at Birth twins: Sarah and Helena.
+- Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman: Martin Mull plays Garth Gimble, who dies after being impaled on a Christmas tree, and his twin brother Barth, host of Fernwood Tonight.
+- Night Court: William Utay plays Phil, a homeless bum who befriends Dan. After Phil's death Utay plays his Evil Twin Will.
+- In The Following, Sam Underwood plays both Mark and Luke Gray, a pair of Serial Killer twins.
+- In Quantico, Nimah and Raina Amin are both played by Yasmine Al Massri.
+- In the Supergirl series, Alura Zor-El and her Evil Twin Astra are played by the same actress.
+- Once Upon a Time uses this with The Reveal early on that Charming was actually a twin separated at birth - with the other brother being raised as a prince. After his death, the twin is used to impersonate him. Josh Dallas plays both brothers, though they're never on screen together and James (the deceased one) only appears in a couple of flashbacks. They finally share the screen in Season 5.
+- In-universe in Scrubs where the Janitor pretends to have a twin brother. He fools no one.
+- Soap Opera All My Children:
+- David Canary played both Adam and Stuart Chandler.
+- During Julianne Moore's run as Frannie Hughes, she discovers a twin sister/cousin (Sabrina, also played by Moore) while attending Oxford.
+- In The Lying Game, Alexandra Chando plays Separated at Birth twins Emma Becker and Sutton Mercer.
+- Celina Jade plays Shado and her Canon Foreigner Backup Twin Mei in Arrow.
+- On iCarly, Jennette McCurdy plays both Sam and her nicer girly twin, Melanie, in the episode iTwins. She reprises both roles in the Sam & Cat episode #Twinfection.
+- The season six finale of Pretty Little Liars reveals that Alison's mother Jessica (murdered several episodes back) has a twin sister in CeCe's mother Mary. Andrea Parker plays both roles.
+- Patty Duke would play identical twin cousins Patty and Cathy Lane on The Patty Duke Show, and would guest star on Liv and Maddie in 2015 (her final television role) as the title twins' grandmother Janice and her identical twin sister Hillary in allusion to the 1960s series.
+- In addition, William Schallert also played Patty and Cathy's identical twin fathers, Martin and Kenneth (respectively) in three episodes of The Patty Duke Show
+- She reprised her signature role(s) in a TV-movie reunion as well as a series of commercials for the Social Security Administration.
+- Parodied In-Universe in a "behind the scenes" episode of Childrens Hospital, where it's shown that one actor once played the part of a a character and his identical twin brother. The joke is that the actor already had an identical twin brother, and the producers had decided that using then-state-of-the-art CGI technology would be cheaper than hiring another actor.
+- Happened a couple of times on Home and Away. In the early days, Sharyn Hodgson had to double up as Carly Morris' twin sister Samantha whenever she appeared. Several years later, it turned out Kirsty Sutherland had an Identical Twin, Laura Degroot, who had been swapped at birth with another girl who was brought up as Kirsty's twin sister Jade; Christie Hayes played both Kirsty and Laura.
+- On both Les Revenants and its American remake The Returned, the actress who plays Camille (Yara Pilartz and India Ennenga, respectively) also plays her twin Lena in scenes set before Camille's death.
+- Xena: Warrior Princess: Identical characters pop up all the time here.
+- Joxer is one of identical triplets, all played by Ted Raimi. Each of the other two (Jett and Jace) appears separately in a different episode.
+- Gabrielle's daughter Hope, who when she grows up (unusually fast, but Justified because the father is an evil god) is identical to her mother, and is also played by Reneé O'Connor. Hope impersonates Gabrielle on a number of occasions, and Gabrielle returns the "favor" at least once. The "three naked Gabrielles" of the episode "The Quill Is Mightier..." do not fit this trope, as they were played by body doubles, and O'Connor's face appears only in a couple of close-ups.
+- Lawless, O'Connor and Raimi also play descendants of their characters in the Clip Show episode "The Xena Scrolls".
+- In Baskets, Zach Galifianakis plays twins Chip and Dale Baskets. In contrast, their twin brothers by adoption Cody and Logan are played by actual twins Garry and Jason Clemmons respectively.
+- Sabrina the Teenage Witch reveals in Season 3 that all the Spellmans have an Evil Twin. Naturally when Sabrina and Zelda's appear, Melissa Joan Hart and Beth Broderick double up to play them (named Katrina and Jessebelta respectively).
+- A running gag in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver is John's conspiracy theory that there is only one Olsen "twin".
+- In Power Rangers Dino Thunder, while looking at Tommy's Power Rangers database, Conner mentions that his twin brother had attended the Wind Ninja Academy. James Napier Robertson (Conner) had previously played one of the academy's new students seen in the finale of Power Rangers Ninja Storm.
+Long Island Memories
+ih ntf. ifAMAfT pmrr, rmtiirowr. ff. t^ fudat, mnvAmi n, itin AimiTKp miiiJig ]ti7. ANNUAL AUDIT Of Bills Presented Against NASSAU COUNTY, N.Y. In the Fiscal Year 1917 Aad the Anaual Auditf by the Town Botrda of Audit of the Several Towns for the Fifctl Year 1917 Slate of New York, County ot Naasan, as.: I, G«orcta C. Biirrowes, Clerk pro tem. of the Bojird of Siipcrvi- •ora of Naflsau County, do hereby certify that purauant to 8€ctlf>n 61 of Article 3 of the f;oiinty Iaw, the foregoing is a true abstract of all 4,-ounty arcount,« presented to the Board of SupervlBOrs for the year beginning on the iRt liay of January, 1917 and ending at midnight on the 3l8t <tay of I>©CPinber, 1917, as audited by the Board of flupervisors of said (k>unty: and I do also hereby further certify that the foregoing includes the abatracta of the Annual audits for t'le year 1917 of the Towns of nempstead. North Hemp¬ stead and Oynter Bay, aa flled with aald Board; and I do further certify that the amountn, llem« and nature of all compenHatlon audltjHl hy the Board to each member thereof ane, aa above appear fn the copies of tho claims auitlted In favor of SuperrlBors Smltfj., Oh.rlst, Cocka, Kemsen and Seaman; and I do further certify, that the number of daya the Board was in sesfllon during the year 1917 was ninety-two, and the distance traveled by each member In at¬ tending the several sessions of said Board waa, as follows: — Supenriaor Christ 6 miles Superrisor Oocks 22 miles Supervisor Smith 14 miles Superrisor Remaen 10 miles Supervisor Seaman 20 miles the samo T>eing the distance between t^e places of residence of said several supervisors to tie County Court House, at Mineola, Long Island, New York. Given under my hand and seal this 2nth day of December, 1917. GEORCilA C. BURROWES, Supervisors' Clerk pro tom. No, Namn and Nnturp "if 4'lalm Clalmod. Allowed 2086 fJeorgln C. niirro-wc.M, for nionry advanrpd. I>ppt. of Hoard of Supervlsorn, for box rent, „„„, ftc 2.34 2.34 2087 Lawrcnrr- K. Kirwin. for s<^rvir.'« nn Arliltrat- <ir, nonibc-rt JiroM., (M.ntract with rounty of Nnsnaii for palntinR, In Main nidg-.. Court Hiiusc ,10.00 30.00 2088 fJardon ("Ity Co.'h 4;araff"'. f"ir di.-dllb^d wa- tiT and labor, Oi-t. 2,1rd 1.00 1.00 2089 I.inndcr.'i Motor and .Supply Po., r(>pRlrH and xiipplIrM, .Siipcrvl.Mfir Smith'."* nuto. sorvli-n Nov. fi.'i.SG B5.fi6 20!)O South .SUid ObHorvor Co., for prlntlnK- 200 rop- lf-« Supn-mr Court Calpndar.i .lanuary, 1917. tprniH, also BOO Sf»arrh tllankx, double ahi^ctn, Dfipt, of County CUirk, Nov. Ifith 95.00 95.00 2091 Pcman Mfff. Company, for 5 fcallon.s Bcmao ('¦Ipanlns: Fluid, to r('p!ac(^ broken Jur-. Dec. 6 6.2B 6,25 2092 Thp Canton Art Metal Co., for two De.-ik I>amps, a.» per resolution of Der. Ist 20,00 20,00 2093 Commercial Construction Co., for extra work. In connection with the electrical equipment Court House, Dec 6.th, date of clalnri 293,01 293,61 2094 Ralph S. Froellch, for profi^s.slonal services, remains Henry B. Homan, by order Coroner Ralslgr, Aug. 6th 6.00 B.OO 2095 Samuel D. Abrams, for services an Coroner Raislg's physician. May, Aug- and Nov 15.00 15.00 2096 Walter Raynor. for expenses as Special Dep¬ uty Com. of Rxclse, for Nassau County, month of December 13.88 13.88 J097 C. P, Rattlgan, Agt. and Warden Auburn Pri¬ son, 1 Table, Bd. of Child Welfare. Aug. 24th 28.60 28.60 3098 C. F. Rattlgan, Ag^ and Warden Auburn Prl- Bon, 8 Chairs, Bd. of Child 'Welfare. Oct. 9th.. 40.00 40,00 2099 The Roslyn News, for publishing list of nom¬ inations, Nov. 4th, ordered by the Board of of Elections 240.00 215,25 JlOO Charles H. Wlltsie. for refund of tax money, cancellation certificate No. 202, Town of H.. and certf. No. 17056 Massapequa, To-wn of O. B. Dec. 23rd 76.89 76.89 3101 W. Pred Starks, for engineering services on Willis Ave., betewea Jericho Turnpike and the Klushlngr and North H. Tpke. Andrews Bros, contract 430.98 430.98 2102 W. ,Fred Starks, for engrlneerlng services L,andlng Road'improvement from Cottage Row to the Red Springr Road, Glen C. Hastings Pavement Co. contract 251.87 251.87 21 OS W. Fred Starke, for enginoering services on the Doaoris Lane improvement by K. M. Un¬ derbill & .Son, Chubbs Corner, .south to cor¬ ner Si^hooI St. and C. Row 89.13 89.13 2104 W. T. Hutrhe.son, for repaira and supplies, auto, service of the Sheriff. Aug., S«ipt. .and Oct 132.99 132.99 2105 Joseph Engel, for Presto Tank cxchanRe, Dept. of Sheriff, Dec. 7th 2.60 2,50 2106 Corlies, Macy & Co., for »upplie.'<. Law L.ibrary, Nov. nth 3.S5 3,85 2107 Matthew Pender & Co., for Pender's l..awyers' Diary 1917, Dist. Atty, Dec 1.9th 3.00 3.00 2108 Knickerbocker Ice Co., for ici- delivered to the Jail month of Nov 20.25 20.25 2109 Red SprInK (larage Co., for ."upplies and re¬ pairs, auto, aervice of Suorpviaor Cock.'*. Nov. 83,29 83.29 2110 Oyster Uay (Juardian, for pub. list of Prima¬ ries, Bd. of Klcctions, July 8th 14.75 14.75 2111 The Lonir Island Railroad Co., for demurrage rage on road oil to Baldwin Station, Town of Hempstead, frt. on disinfectant. Jail, demur¬ rage on road oil. Great Neck, Sept. 25, demur¬ rage on Road Oil to Glen Cove 37.04 37.04 3112 The County of Naaaau, Dr., to James H. Cocks, Supervisor, Glen Cove, U I, Attendance at Board Meetings at Mineola on Following dates: Oct. 2, 6, 9, 12. 13, 14, 16, 20, 23, 27. 30; Nov. 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 2S, 29; Dec. 1. 4, 8, U, 13, 16, 18, 22, 27, 29; 31 days at $4.00 124.00 Committee work on County Roads within Town of Oyster Bay on folloinwg dates: Oct. 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 17, 18. 19, 21. 24, 25. 26, 28, 31; Nov. 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25; Dec. 2. 5, 6. 7. 9. 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23, 26, 28, SO; 45 days at »4.00 180.00 $304.00 Audited and allowed by tho Board of Supervisors. Nassau County, New "Vork, In thi- sum of $304.00. and ordered paid from the Super- visora" Kund, Jan B., 1917. PHILIP J. CHRIST, H. R, SMITH. Stato of New York, County of Nassau, ss.: James H. Cui-ks being iluly .sworn says that the furegoinK claim or account prc-^ented by liiin In the sum of $304.00 \!* Just, true and correct; that nn part thereof has been paid or otherwise «ettied, that the prices charged in such account or claim are correct and just, thut the persona therein mentioned worked for the time therein •pec I fled. JAMKS H. COCKS. Sworn to before me tlil.-^ 3rd day of January, 1917. CKORC.K M. GOODAl.K. Notary Putilic, Nassau County, N, Y. 21IS The Countv of "Nhsshu Dr., to Philip J. Christ, New Hyde Park. ].. 1. Oflice of Supervisor. To servicea as Supervisor of the Town of North Hempstead on ('"immlttee work on the fnlinwinMr dates: 1916—October 3. 4, 5, 7, 17, 21, 24. 25, 26, 2S and 31; Novem¬ ber 1, -2, 4, K, 9, 11, 14, 15, 111, 18. 21, 22, 23 and 25; Decern l)er 2, 5, 6, 7. 9, 12, Ui, I'J, 20, 21, 23. 26, 28 and 30; 39 meet. InBs ut $4.00 per day $166.00 Audited and aiUiwi'd l>y the Hoard of Supervisors, Nassau Cminty, New York, In the sum of $156.00, and ordered paid from the .Super¬ visors' Fund, Jan 5., 1917. JAMRS H. COCKS. HI UAM R. SMITH. Supervisors. State of New York, County of Nassau, ss.: Philip J. Christ being duly sworn says that the foregoing claim or account presented by him in the sum of $156.00 is just, true and correct; tliat nn part thereof haa been paid or otherwise settled, that the priceM charged in sucii aicnunl or claim are correcl and Ju.st, that the persons therein mentioned worked for the time therein auecifled. ^ PHILIP J. CHRIST, Sworn to before me tiiis Srd day of .lanuary, 1917. OEOHGK M. G(H>DALK, Notary Public, Nassau County, N. Y. 2114 The County of Nassau, Dr., to Philip J. Christ, New Hyde Park, 1.. 1. Offlee of Supervisor. To aervices as the Supervisor of the Town of North Hempstead at¬ tending Board Meetingo at the Court Houae, at Mineola, on the fol¬ lowinK dates: 1916—October 2, $.9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 23, 27 and SO; No¬ vembers, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27. 28 and 29; December 1, 4, li 11, 13, IB, 18, 22, 27 and 29; 32 meetings at $4.00 per day $128.00 Audited and allowed by the Board of Supervisors. Nassau County, New York in the sum of $128.00. aud orderiad paid from the Super- Visors' Fund. Jan 6.. 1917. ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ HIRAM U. SMITH. Supervisors, male of New Vork, County of Naaaau, »».: Philip J ChrUt being duly sworn lays that the foregoing claim or account pre»ented by him In the aum of $128.00 ta Just, true and correct- that no part thereof haa been paid or otherwiae settled, that the price* charged In such account or claim are correct and Just, tnat the peraona (herein iuentii»u«>d worked for the time therein ••»•*-•'"*'*• PHIUP J. CHRIST, fiworo to befor« me thin Srd day of January, 1»17. OEOKOK U. aOODALiB, Notary I^lbllc, Naaaau C4>uoty, N. Y. kvnmn ihliu, mi. No. NaioA and Natnre of Claim Claimed. Afto^red 211$ Vaanau aaraarit Co., for repaira and supplies, auto, aervlr* of Co. Hiipt. of the Poor, f>*e. »th 1.8J 1.8$ 2118 Aliria Lyman, for e8pen««8 aa ftA^retary. etc., Bd. of Child Welfare, Dec. lat to Jiat 4.81 4.81 2117 William C. Wild, for aputum Cu»8 with hoH- era. Bupt. of th»i Poor, July an<l Nov 4.10 4.18 211$ National (larafe Co., for suppliea and repairs^ auto, service Supervisor Smith, Not tO.RB 20.88 2118 Kennlnglon Oarage, for suppllen and rnpalrai auto, aervice, Supt. of the Poor. Nov S.86 *.88 2120 Hempstead Battery Co., for auppliea and re¬ paira, auto, nervice of the Supervlaor. Town of HempBtead, .luly, Sept., Aug. and Nov 20.90 20.90 2121 The Garden City Co., for water aervic*. Court Houae, resolution of June 15, 1*14 8.58 8.53 2122 The Banks L«w Pub. Co., for Jeaaup Redfleld Surrogate Pract. and Ijoewenkopf Taxation of Coat, lAW Library, Nov. and Dec 18,00 18.00 212$ Red Rpring fJarage Co., for furnishing iraao- lin« auto, service, Supt. of High'ways, Nov.,.. 18.20 18.20 2124 Th«^ County of Nassau. Dr., to Hiram R. Smith, Freeport, I* I. Office of Bupervlsor. For aervices as Supervisor of the Town of Hempatead attending Board meetings at the Court House, at Mineola, on tbe followitiR' dates: 1916—November 8, «. 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 27, 28 and 29; Decem¬ ber 1, 4, 8, 1$, 15, 18, 22, 27 and 29; 19 meetings at $4.00 per day $78.00 Audited and allowed by the Board of SupArviaors, Naaaau County, New York, In the aum of $76.00, and ordered paid from the Super¬ visors' Fund, Jan 5., 1917. JAMRfl H. COCKS. PHILIP J. CHRIST, Superviaora. State of New York, County of Nassau, as.: Hiram R. Smith being duly nworn says that the foregoing claim or account presented by him In the sum of $76.00 Is Juat, true and correct; that no part thereof has been paid or otherisriae aattlad, that the prices charged In such account or claim are correct and Juat. that the persons therein mentioned worked for the time therein specified. HIRAM R. SMITH. Sworn to before me this 29th day of December, 1916. GEORGR M. OOODAI.F-, Notary Public. Nassau County, N. T, 2125 The County of Nassau, Dr., to Hiram R, Smith, Freeport, U 1, Office of Supervisor. To services as Supervisor of the To'wn of Hempstead on committee work In said town <in tho following dates: 1916—November 1, 2,8 , 9, 11. 14, IB, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23 and 26; December 2. 6, 6. 7, 9, 12, 14, 19 and 21; 22 days at $4.00 por day $88.00 Audited and allowed by the Board of Supervisors, Nasaau County, New York, in the sum of $88.00, and ordered paid from the Super¬ visors' Fund, Jon 5., 1917. JAMKS H. COCKS. PHILIP J. CHRIST. Supervlsura. State of New York, County of Nassau, ss,: Hirnm R, Smith being duly sworn snys that the foregoing claim or account presented by him in the aum of $88.00 ia Just, true and correct; that no part thereof has been pal(j or otherwise settled, that the price.s charKcd in auch account or claim are correct and Just, that the persons therein mentioned worked for tho time therein specified. HIRAM R. SMITH. Sworn to before me thla 29th day of December, 1916. GEOUGK M. OOODAI.,R, Notary Public, Nasaau County, N. Y. 2126 Landers Motor and Supply Co., for supplies and repairs, auto, service of the Sheriff (Tut¬ hill), Nov 8.55 3.56 2127 l>ewis J. Smith, for disbursements, claims, of ,Iohn Coles and Emil K. Morse for investiga¬ tions. Jan. and Oct 115.50 116.50 2128 William II, Ninesling, for services inveatlgrat- Ing case People vs. Richard E. Smith and ex¬ penses Dec. 19, 21 and 23 19.00 19.00 2129 The North Hempstead Record, for publishing Notice of General Election, Sept. 8th, 1916, from the Sec. of State 13.50 13.50 2130 The Long Island Railroad Co., demurrage on oil, N. Hyde Park, Town of North H., frelg-ht on disinfectant. Lubricating oil, C. House, (le- murragc on oil. Glen Cove, Oct. 24th 13.06 13.06 2131 J. C. Dodge & Son, for burial of 'Veteran Jas. V. Luyster, June 9th, Sea Cliff 35.00 35.00 2132 VV. T. Hutcheaon, for repairs and supplies, auto aervice of the Dist. Atty., June, July, Aug. • and Sept, and Oct 168.51 1B8.61 2133 Nasaau County Trust Co., for furnishing bonds and certifying to Co. seal and signa- ture.s of officials, Tuberculosis Hospital issue 75.00 75.00 2134 Title Guarantee and Trust Co., for examina¬ tion of premises on the Duck Pond Road, pur chased by the Co, of Nassau—resolution o? Oct. 13, 1916 32.00 32.00 2135 Chicasaw Realty Co., for refund of tax money. Lots 544 and 545; also Lots 332, 333; Lot 665, Meserole Park, and Map of Davison, Pearsall Park, Dec, 1909, sale 53.56 63.66 2136 Charlea H. Wlltsle, for refund of tax money, Certf. No. 5551 and 6552, Lots 468 and 469, Diat. 12, Block 8, Map of Floral Park and Annex 11.41 11.41 2137 Charles H. Wiltsle, for refund of tax money on Certf. No. 17180, 17181, 17167, 8695 ond 8696, Sea Cliff and "Whetstone Map 29.79 29.79 2138 Knickerbocker Ice Co., for ice delivered to the Court House, month of Nov 14.52 14.52 2139 Matthew Render & Co., Inc., for Benders Law. yer'.i Diary, 1917, Dept. of Sheriff 3.00 8.00 2140 Oyster Bay Guardian, for pub. Notice of Lands at Auction, July 7th 3.75 3.75 liHl Inquirer Publishing and I'rintinK Company. for printing 4 sets of name anil questions strips for voting machine for 20 districts, etc.. Town of Hempstead 137.36 137.36 2142 The Canton Art Metal Co.. for fifth payment on account of contract and extras for Metal Furniture and etc. Court House 3,000.00 3,000.00 2143 W. "Van Wagner, for supplies for Sheriff (Garage) Nov 185.01 185.01 2144 William Y'oungheim, for removing snow on Wantagh Ave., Dec 18.02 18.02 2145 The Long Island Railroad Co., for contract aervice oiling, etc., pump from Nassou Boule¬ vard near Merillon Ave. station, Nov. 21 to Dec. 21at 6.00 5.00 2146 Paul Kicherer, for work on the Hicksville and the Merrick Road, Nov 77.00 77.00 2147 Joseph A, Ofenloch, for repairs and supplies, , road men, Schimmel and Donolli, May to Oct. 24.00 24.00 2148 Hugh M. O'Brien, for work on the Marcus Ave. and the Old Country road removing snow, December 43.00 43.00 2149 William H. Bowne, for engineering services on Main and First Streets and Willis Avenue. Andrews Brothers contract under dato of Sept. llth 950.26 950.26 2150 J. F. Slapleton, for furnishing screened grav¬ el for use on tlast Broadway. Main Street and Kirby's Hill, county roads, Roslyn 39.00 89.00 21.''il Philip Radetsky, for furnishing gasoline for Supervisor Christ's auto. December. 1916 ... 22.08 22.08 ai52 Port Washington Garage, for supplies and labor repairing automobile. Sheriff, May 15th and Aug. Slat, Johnson 1.55 1.55 2153 Barclay Office and School Supply House, for suppliea, Dept. of Com. of Jurors. Dec 9.35 9.35 2154 Red Spring Oarage Company, for supplle.i. auto, service of the County Supt. of High¬ ways, Sept. and Oct 53.39 B3.39 2155 John J. Breen, for stamped envelopes, Co. Treasurer, Jan. 4th 44.00 44.00 3156 Fidelity and Deposit Company of Maryland, for blind for Cuunty Comptroller Bennett, January 1st 12-60 12.50 2157 Lawyers'Co-Operative Pub. Co., for Twyeffort Surrogate's Practice, (Xt. 31st 10.00 10.00 2158 Lewis J. Pearuall, for supplies and repairs, onto, service of the Cuunty Supt. of the I'oor, Nov., I'JUi. to and Inc. Sept., 1916 58.41 68.41 2159 Albin N. Johnson, fur offlciai searching, Dept. of C<iunly Clerk, by contract Sept. to and inc, Nov 66.57 66.57 2100 Stephen K Pettit, for service of Harry W. Moore, attorney Arthur Oirard, Plaintiff, va. Sheriff 60.00 60.00 2161 Frederick D. F.lmer, for stenographic ser¬ vices. Surrogate's I'uurt, Oct., Nov, and Dec. 43.68 43.68 :;162 Carman l'li»nt. fur services as Constable, serv¬ ing warrants, etc., Justice Neu, Dec. 15th and 19th 6.75 6.75 ::163 William li. Tubby, for partial services as Ar¬ chitect, additions and alterations to Court Hou.se. claim dated Nov. 6th, 1916 2,196.69 1,647.38 1'164 New York Telephone Co., for service in the I'uuntv Government, month ending Nov. SOth, 1916, and tolls frum Sept. 2l8t to Oct 20th., 177.93 177.93 :;i65 .N'ew Y'ork Telephone Co., for service in tho County Court House, month ending Oct, Slat. Tolls Aug. 21 to .Sept. 20th 132.43 132.43 2166 Fidelity and Deposit Co. of Maryland, for Bond for Williani E, Luyster as Treaa. of Nasaau County 175.00 175.00 21S7 Rosenatock Chemical Co.. for furnliibing aoap, ("arbolic Disinfectant, etc., Count.v Jail 162.60 162.60 2168 William U Weeks, for work on the I. U. Wil¬ lets road cleaning gutters and sanding hills« Dec Bl.OO 61.00 2169 Cornelius O'Leary, for removing anew. North Hempstead Tpke., Bryant Avenue, etc., coun¬ ty roads, Dec. 15 to 20th «1.60 61.BO 2170 John A. Seaman, for work on Main and Front Streets, and Willis Avenue, cuunty roads. Dec. 168.00 163.00 2171 Antonio De Mar, fur work on the Sands Point Middle Neck Rd., etc., December 187.60 187.60 2172 Daniel Courtney, for cleaning srutters, etc., lAkeville, Jericho, and Old Court H«>use coun¬ ty roads. Nov. 178.08 176.00 2173 Henry Braun, for seven ruad signs, crosaing of the Hicksville road and the Jericho Tpke. Nov. U, 1916 14.00 14.00 2174 P. 8. Chlpp. for cleaning gutters, etc.. Cove and tbe Pine Hollow Rds.. Oyster Bay section $0.80 $0.80 2176 The Barrett Company, for 6 Bbls. Tarvia KP, used fur patching Olen Cuve couaty roaxla. Nov. 27th 28.68 tiht 2178 Tbe Barrett Company, for 10 Bbla. Tarvia KP, used for patching at Hicksville. on county road. Nov. 27th , 17.48 87.48 ArPITfD BILIA 1M7. Ari»rTF,n nn.iA, im7. No. Nam* and Natnra of CTalm Claimed. Allowed ll7T Oeorge Bchlmmel, f<«^ removing anow on tha Woodbury Road, r>»c. l«th to the $$rd 81.00 81.00 $178 Oeorge flchtmmel, for wnrk on the Woodbury ftoad, carting dirt, etc., Dec 68.00 B8.00 $171 Oeorga Rjreraon, for work on the Pln« Hol¬ low and Oyster Bay Cove Rda. cleaning gut¬ ters, etc.. Dec , 48.60 48.80 $180 Edward E. Mall, for work on the I»cu8t Val¬ ley Road, Dec, cleaning giittera and remov¬ ing snow ...', S4.25 54.25 $18t Kdward Oorman, for work on the 'Raat N. Turnpike, Vlllaga of Bast Norwich, Dec 78.60 78.60 Il$8 Joaeph Donnolll, for work on the Plainview county road, maklnc repaira and removing anow, Dec 78.00 78.00 2188 Oaniel W. Bennett, for work on the Cedar Bwamp road, carting aand, cleaning gutters a.nd snow, etc 7S.60 7S 50 2184 Ilaniel CondUn, for removing snow on the Olen ,..r I?"*'? «<>*<'«. Dec. 10.60 10.BO 2186 Bartley Dunning, for work on Olen, School Sta., and Cottage Row removing snow, Dec. 44,00 4 4 00 2188 Battler Dunning, for work on Olen, School Sta., Cottaire Row, etc., at Olen Cove, Dec... 171.60 17160 2187 Charles Rowe, work on Creek Road, Olen Cove Avenue, etc., county roads, Dec 47.26 47.26 2188 Charles Rowe, for removing anow. Sea Cliff county road, Dec .16 to 24th 14.00 14.00 2189 Krank Faraco, for cleaning streets, etc., 'West, Bast Main, South, ehtc, Sts., Dec 230.60 230 50 2190 Edward F. Rogers, for Work on the Hlcks- irlUe Massapequa Road, Dec 62.60 52 50 2191 Daniel Conlln, for work on the Olen AVood, Olen Head, etc., roada, Dec 60.76 60.76 219$ James Wheeler, for work on the Jericho and ESast Wood Road ,Dec 88.00 63.00 21SS Eidward Wanser, for work on County Roada, Oyster Bay, Dec 80.60 80.60 2194 Olen Cove Bxaminer, for publishing List of Nominations, Nov. 4th, 1916, edition 240.00 215.25 2196 P. T. Sullivan, for Fl.oor Brooma and Feather Dusters, C. H.Dec. 26th 36.00 36.00 2196 Matthew Render & Co., Inc., for Bender's Dia¬ ry 1917. Dept. of Surrogate, Dec, 1916 3,00 3.00 2197 Scofleld & Company, for one Bqulpoise Tele¬ phone Arm, Dept. of Surrogate, Dec. 18th.... 5.00 5.00 2198 Chicasaw Realty Co.. for refund of tax money. Lota 425, 426 Amended Map of Columbia Heights, tax aale Dec, 1909 9.44 9.44 2199 Charles H. Wlltsle, for refund of tax money, Certf. No, 17146, Dist. 25, Sea Cliff, sold Dec 24, 1915 30,24 30.24 2200 William Halleran, for supplies, lanterns, sapo- lio, etc., C. House, Dept. of Janitors, Sept. and Oft 152.47 152.47 2201 Lander's Motor and Supply Co., for repairs and suppliea, auto. service of Supervisor .Smith, Dec. f), 1916 .50 .50 2202 I..ander's Motor and Supply Co., for supplies and repairs, auto service of Supervisor Christ, Dec 355.74 355.74 2203 Rrtol Pharmocy, for glycerine and alcohol. Supervisor Smith's auto. Dec 15th 1.70 1.70 2204 Charlea L. McKee, for carpentering, Dept. of Dist. Atty.. Dec. 5, 6 and 7th 27.05 27.05 2205 John S, Thompson, for services as Conatable, Speeks, Shearer, Potter, etc, casea 601.90 491.10 2206 Charies Keil, for release of land for the Coun¬ ty Tuberculosia Hospital < 23,431.00 23,431.00 2207 Crampton Rrothcra, for contract work. Im¬ provement of the Shore Road, from the L, I. R. R. Bridge to the F. & N. H. Turnpike, Sept, Mth, date contract 7,377.53 7,377.53 2208 Crampton Brothers, for contract work Im- improving Hicks' Lane, from the Middle Neck Road to L. 1, R. R. Bridgre. May 20th date of contract , 9,529.27 9,529.27 2209 .1. Kdward Downing, for professional services apportioning tax for the year Nov., 1915-Octo- ber 31, 1916 2210 The American Bridge Co., for repairs to the Bayville Bridge, Aug. 23rd, 1916. date of claim 2211 Latham Brothers, for supplies, Janitors, Court House, Nov. and Dec 2212 Waring, Chapman & Forquhar, engineering services, expenses, etc., (Examining sewage dis¬ posal system and supervising repairs, Aug., Sept. and Oct 2213 Josephine M. Coogan. for services, typewrit¬ ing, etc.. County Judge, month of Dec 2214 Kiugene W. .Denton, for 214 Vols. In 53 Books, U. S. Supreme Court Reports, I^aw Library. . 221B ElHott-Fisher Co., for one ribbon spool for Elliott-Fisher Typewriter, Dept. of Surrogate, Dec. 26th 2216 New York Telephone Co., for local service, Supt. of Poor, month ending Dec Slat, and tolls Oct. 21 to Nov. 20th 2217 Oscar J. Kern, for suppliea and repairs, auto. .-el vice uf tlic Co. Supt. of thu I'oor, Dec. 25lh 2218 Maxmillian F. Becker, for traveling fee aa Court Crier. Lynbrook to C. H. and return, Dec. 2219 Thomaa S. Cheshire, for postage. Dept. of Co. f. Clerk. Oct.. Nov, and Dec ' 2220 Gardner Oarage ond Motor Co., supplies and repair.s, auto, aervice of Sheriff Pettit, Nov... 2221 Charles R. McCarthy, for refund of tax money, cancellation of Certf. No. 1333 and 1334, Dec, 1916, sale, Jan. 3rd 2222 Knickerbocker Ice Co., for ice flelivered to the Court House, month of Dec 2223 Goodwin Motor Sales Co., for supplies and re¬ pairs, auto, service of the Supt. of the I'oor Dec 2224 Charles Steinsieck, for disbursements for stamps, etc.. Dept. of Co. Treas.. Dec. and Jan. 2225 Klizabeth "V'. Dwyer, for servicea typewrrit- ing Trial Jury List, etc, Dept. of Com. of Jurors 2226 Kensington Garoge, for suppliea and repairsj auto, service of the Supt. of the Poor, Dec... 3227 Town of Hempstead Almshouse, for care and maintenance county charges, Sept., Oct. and Dec 2228 Fidelity and Deposit Co. of Maryland, bond for County Clerli, January 1st. 1917 2229 Adolph O. Rave, M.D., for services, acting Coroner Steinert's physician, body John Lee, Dec. 10th 2230 Knickerbocker Ice Co., for ice delivered to the Jail month of Oct 2231 Chicasaw Realty Co., for refund of tax money, purchase Lots 190, 191. 192—Block 3, Map Hempstead Heights, additions No, 1, tax sale, 1909 2232 Thomas S. Cheshire, for recording releases, deeds, etc.. County of Nassau, Oct. 2233 Knickerbocker Ice Co., for ice delivered to the Jail for the month of Sept.. 1916 2234 A. F. Jnnecek, for repaira and supplies Super¬ visor Smith's auto, service, Oct., Nov. and Dec 2235 H. B. Hagen & Co., for meat delivered to the Jail Sept and Oct, 1916 , 2236 Both & Weston, for contract work under date of Dec, 8th, 1916, for improving Atlantic Ave., Lynbrook, beginning at Union Avenue, and running aouth 6,576.06 6,576.06 2237 The HastinK!^ Pavement ao., for contract ^vork Improving Bayview Avenue, from Lawrence Ave. to Alameda St. through Inwood, June 5, 1916 19,583.90 19,583.90 2238 The Standard Bitulithic Co,, for repairs In extending »houlders on the M'-rrlck Road, near 1... I. R. R. Crossing, at Rockville C, Dec. Uth date of claim 700.00 i239 The Standard Bitulithic Co,, for repairs to Stewart Avenue, corner of Cathedral Ave., Hempstead, Nov. 29th, date of claim 468.50 2240 The Standard Bitulithic Co., fur material fur¬ ni.shed for making repairs on Ihe Merrick Koad, FKeport, Dec. 30th, date uf claim. . . 72.50 2241 Doth & Weston, for work on Franklin St., H. and Neptune Ave., carting sand, etc., June and Dec 47 3.10 2242 Bofft' & Weston, for spieadine snnd on oil. Long IJearh Road, Hempstead Avenue from Hempstead to R, Centre, etc., Aug., June, Nov. and Dec 4,102.02 2243 Both & Weston, for furnishing stone, used on ¦Valley Stream Road, frum Grant Park H. to the Merrick road, etc., Dec. 19th 84.82 2244 Both & Weston, /or patching Franklin and Hempatead Aves,, from Hempstead to Rock¬ ville Centre, October 1,897.90 2245 ('yril K. Marshall, for englne«'ring services, making survey and map of McNeil Avenue, Inwood, fur a county rd.. May, Oct 135.00 2246 Th.' Slaiukird Bitulithic Co., f«ir labor and materials repairing the Babylon Turnpike, Merrick Road, between Roekville C. and Free- port, claim dated Nov. 29th 137.50 2247 Standard Bitulithic Co., for labor and ma¬ terial- repairing Village Ave., Rockville Cen¬ tre, Dec. 23rd 28.50 2248 Cyril K Marshall, for engineering services, improvement of Bayview Avenue, Inwood, Hastings Pavement Co.. contract June 6, 1916 894.82 2249 Standard Bitulithic Co., fur cuntract work un the Merrick road, from Kirkwood Ave. to Merrick Avenue, Merrick road, from Merrick Ave. to the Oyster Bay Town Line, contract of Aug. 14. 1918 7,683.46 7,683.46 2250 Standard Bitulithic Co.. for contract work grading and repaying Main St.. Freeport, from the Trolley switch to the Merrick road, con¬ tract Aug. 22. 1918 4,125.87 4,126 87 2261 Standard Ititulithic Co., for contract work Merrick road through Ft^epurt from a point opposite Third I'lace west of Bayview Ave., cuntract Aug. 22, 1916 25,601.09 25,601.09 2262 Dauiel (^lurtney, fur aanding and repairing the Lakeville, Court Houae, Jericho Turnpike, county roads, etc., I>ec 126.60 128.60 2213 Cornelius O'Leary, fur work on the Shure Rd., North Ilenipste»d Tpke., county ruada, Dec 174.38 174 26 $264 Thomas Walah, for work on Poat Ava., Glen Cove and the Jertchu Tpke., Dec 96.76 86.76 3266 Coleman Cunklln, tor work on the North H. Tpke. cleaning gutters, etc. advancea, a»and, D«c 68.16 68.16 200.00 215.00 7.06 100.68 25.00 lOO.OO .50 5.15 22.30 5.00 5.32 7.56 6.1t 14.00 15.18 13.32 62.04 9.17 307.50 30.00 5.00 38.50 28.66 20.31 45.94 72.63 281.34 200.00 215.00 7.06 100.68 25.00 lOO.OO .60 5.15 22.30 5.00 5.32 7.56 6.11 14.00 15.18 13.32 52.04 9.17 307.50 30.00 B.OO 38.50 28.66 20.31 45.94 72.63 281.34 700.00 468.50 72 50 473.10 4,102.02 84.82 1,897.90 135.00 137.50 28.50 894.82 ser- ser- N". Nam* and Nature of Claim ttit .Tohn A, Seaman, for removing snow, Roalyn Road, Winis Avenue. Di^c 18. IS and l»th.. 2357 .lames A. Hamilton, for work on county roada, at Roslyn. cleaning gutters, etc.. Dec, and removing snow 2268 Daniel Courtney, for removing Know on the Jericho Tpke., lakeville and Old Court Houae Rd., Dec 2259 Crampton Bros., for lahor and material cov¬ ering oil on Elm Point, etc., county roads, Oreat Neck, Sept 2260 Crampton Bros., repairing th« Cuttar Mill Road, Oreat Neck 2261 Charles K. Fox, for work on the Fluahlng and North H. Tpke., etc, county roads, and removing snow, Dec 2262 Washington Van Nostrand, for work on the KIngM Pt.. Kim Point, et<., county roads, Oreat Neck, December 2263 Hugh M. O'Brien, for repairing and sanding Marcus Ave., the Olif Country road, and fur¬ nishing sand. Dee., 1918 2264 NVllltam I, Weeks, tor removing snow ob¬ structions and money advanced for snow plow, Dec 2265 The Standard Oil Co., for furnishing and aip- plying Standard L. Asphalt, (lien Cove, Oct. 31 2266 Conrad Miller, for cleaning gutters on the Hempstead nnd Bethpage Tpke.. Dec 2267 .James T. Hums, for cleaning gutters, etc., on Korest Ave.. Dosoris l>ane and the U Valley Rd , of snow, Dec 16-20 2268 .lames T. Burns, for cleaning gutters, etc.. Forest Ave., the L, Valley, Duck Pond, etc., county ruadrt, Dec 2269 Frank Davis, for work on the Olen Cove< Hicksville to Jericho, county roads, Dec, 2270 Elbert T. Hosgland, for work on the Oyster Hay to U Valley county road, ;•<'raping road, etc., Dec 2271 .Tohn Llndoman, for -work on the Woodbury, <'Jld Country and ,lerlcho Rds, and removing snow, Aug. and Dec 2272 F. M. Und»>rhi11 A Son, for removing snow, I.. Valley, Itayville road. Glen Cove, L. Val¬ ley road, etc 2273 Norman D. Ketcham. fur constructing Cesa I'oolsi, corner (.'!onl<lln and Main Streets, Farm¬ ingdale, December, I ^ 11'. 2274 V\'llliflm !•; Luyster. for service.^ na Justice Acting Ciirtiner, D"'r.. lOlH, Der. 191fi 2275 <}. F. ("leghorn, M.l>.. for prof<'s»lonaI ."^er- vices ,lail Inmates, month of Nov., 1916 . . . 2276 Ci. F. I'li'ghurn, MD.. fur professional ser¬ vices, Jnll inmates, nionlh of October, 1916.. 2277 a. F. Cleghorn. M.D.. for pr<ifesslunal ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month nf Sept., 1916 2278 G. F. Cleghorn, M.D., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of August, 1916 . 2279 ts. F. Cleghorn. .M.D., fur professUmal ser¬ vices, ,lail Inmates, month of July, 1916 .... 2280 liuy F. CleKliuin, M.r>., for professlonsl ser- vi<-i-s, .Inll Inmates, )nonth of .lune, 1916 .... 2281 i;uy R Cli-K-liorn, M.I>., fur pn.r.issionul ser¬ vices, .(nil Inmnti'.s, month of May, 1(116 ... 2282 (Jiiy F. Clesrhurn, .'Vl.lJ.. for pmfi-sslonal ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month uf .'Vpril, 11)16 2283 Ouy K, CIrKliorn. M.l>., for pi'ofei4slonal ..ier¬ vices, ,lnil Inmates, month of Marcli, 1916 . 2284 (^iiy F. Cli-Klmrn, .M.I »., for prufi'ssional ser¬ vices, ,Iail inmates, month of Feb., 1916 , ... 2285 Ouy F. CleKhorn, M.l)., fur professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Jan.. 1916 .... 2286 CJuy F. Cleghorn, M.D., for professional vices. Jail Inmates, month of Dec, 1915 2287 Guy F. CleRhorn, M.I)., fur professional vices. Jail Inmates, month of Nov, 1,915 ... 2288 Guy F. Clegrhurn, M.D.. for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Nov., 1914 .... 2289 (iuy F, Cleghorn, M.I)., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, June, 1915. to and inc. Oct.. 1915 2290 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.D.. fur professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Dec, 1914, Jan,, 1915, to and inc. May. 1915 2291 Guy F, CIcKhorn, M.D., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Oct., 1914 .... 2292 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.D.. for professional ser¬ vices. Jal! Inmates, month of Sept., 1914 .... 2293 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.I>., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Aug., 1914 .... 2294 Guy F. Cleg-horn, M.D., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of July, 1914 .... 2295 Guy F. Cleghorn, M,D.. for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of June, 1914 .... 2296 Guy F, Cleghorn, M.D., for profesalonal ser¬ vicea. Jail Inmates, month of May, 1914 , . . . 2297 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.D., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of April, 1914 .. 2298 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.l>., for profesalonal ser¬ vices, Jail Inmates, month of March, 1914 . . 2299 Guy F. Cleghorn, M.D., for professional ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Feb., 1914 .... 2300 Guy F. Cleghorn, H.D.. for profeualonal ser¬ vices. Jail Inmates, month of Jan., 1914 .... 2301 John Olsen Company, for Traffic LAnterna and Globe.s, furnished to Baumann, N. H. Park, for safety zones, Nov, 20th date of claim.. . . 2302 The Children's Home, for care, etc., eight chil¬ dren, Nov., 1916 2303 Nassau Ho.'ifjitol Assn.. for care, etc., 5 pa¬ tients, month ending Nov. 3nth 2304 W. Williard Griffiths, for services as arbi¬ trator painting contract Gombert Brothers, with County of Nassavi, Dec. 15, 1916 2305 The Nassau Hospital Assn., for board and care, 4 patient.s, ambulance, etc., Nov. to Dec. 2306 Brunswick Home, for board and clothing, 13 Inmates, month of Dec 2307 Armstrong Cork and Insulation Co., for con¬ tract work, furnishing and laying composi¬ tion cork tile in corridors and all rooms. Main Bldg., C. House, 2d payment 2308 Brunswick Home, for board and clothing in¬ mates, Nov. 1 to Dec. 1st 2309 Industrial School Assn., for care and main, dep'nt children, m"inth of Nov 2310 The Canton Art Metal Co., for furnishing 1346 roller shelves in cases for Basement Storage room County Clerk, Oct. 19th 2311 The Children's Home, for board and main. 7 children, month of Dec 2312 Gardner Garage and Motor Co., for gasoline and oil, Supervisor Smith's auto. liec 22d . . 2313 New Standard Adding Machine Co., for repairs,- etc. Machine Dept of County Clerk, Dec 20th 2314 Industrial School Assn.. for care and main¬ tenance dependent children, month of Dec. 2315 Both & Weston, for removing snow from Broadway, from McNeil Ave, to Lynbrook R. R, Crossing and the Kast R'way rood, from B'way to i... B. Road. Dec, 1916 2316 Both & Weston, for final contract work on Broadway, Malverne, from Hempatead Ave¬ nue to Frtfnklin Avenue, under contract of March 20th. 1916 2317 John C. Hendrickson, for removing snow from the County Roads, Valley Stream section. Town of H., Dec ~ Frank B"idell, for rennoving snow on county roads, Freeport, Dec Cyril E. Ma.rshall, for engineering services, McNeil Ave., improvement at Intersection with Wanser Avenue, Hastings Pavement Co., Aug. 28th • - - W. Fred Starks, for engineering services At¬ lantic Avenue Improvement, Lynbrook, be¬ ginning at Union Ave. and running south. Both & Weston contract, acceptance Jan.J 5th, 1917 -. Long Island R. .R. Co., f«ir demurrage and storage Oil delivered to Valley Stream, Oct. 12 Andrew Brothers, for contract work improv¬ ing Seventh St., Garden ('ity, from Franklin St. to Cathedral Ave.. Nov. 17th. 1916 Charles H. I'arks, fur final contract work on conslructlntj- Drains and Catch Basins on Mc¬ Neil Avenue. Imvuod ',;,'¦' ' Crampton Brothers, for removing snow. Kings I'oint, l-;ini Point, etc., cuunty roads. Great .N:«!<-k, Dee :'";"';¦'¦¦ Kdward O'Brien, for work on 'he I.Andlng Hottd,,Red Spring, Walnut, Fresh Pond, etc., county riiuds. Dee '/'"'.¦.'' The North Hempstead Itecord, for pub. notice of Contract, b.-tween the County of Nassau and the Dept. of Correction, City of N. Y., notices for bids, refinishing lighting fixtures and additional furniture. (Viurt Rooms The Canton Art Metal Co., for services mov¬ ing old cases from County Clerk's dept. to North Wing. Receiving Room; Surrogates Dept., etc - - -. - • Oyster Hay «Juttrdian, for pub. notice bids re¬ pairs Boilers. Jail—inviting bids. Improving the East Woods Road and Atlantic Ave.— planting trees, etc '';'''..¦ '. c .'.' Charles H. Wlltsle, for refund of tax inoney. Cert. No. 5587, Lot 669, Map of Florence Park Walter Raynor, for services as Special Deputy Com. of ExclBc, County of Nasaau, month or January, 1917 -. i'¦J "j I^atham Brothers', for supplies of hardware, etc.. Jail, Jan, Feb., Mar and May --•••••• The North Hempstead Record, for PubHah- ing Clerk's l-ist of Annual audit, year l»i8 Philip N Krug, for services renovating walla and celling-. Main Bldg., Court House, De^-. Philip N. Krug, for engineering services, Botl- Koom, C. House, Dec. ; 'i, " LY.' ' >; ' Charles R. Weeks, for automobile h re, for wltneas from B'klyn to Mineola and Inveatl- aating Murd«T Bomineae at W*atbury .... .^.. John H Breen. for 5OO0 stamped envelojfea. County Clerk. Jan. 16th ¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦ ^.V,'•'.'•• ¦.¦ Nallopal Surety Co., for Bond at Phlueaa A. Seaman as Slierift of N4Miaau Co Elllott-Flaher Co., for rapalrlay typawrliara Couuty Clerk, Dec 26. 1916 -¦-•¦; .'' ' " 1 Naaaau Coiwaty Revlaw. for publlahlng terma o^f tu Buprime and Couaty I'ourta, lll6 ajad ltl« 2318 2319 2321 2322 2323 2324 232Q 2326 2330 2331 2332 2333 2334 2336 2336 23$; 2338 2S39 Claimed. Alio' $4.Ah 14.« 143.60 141.1 86.60 IS.» $SM4 811.11 4$4 60 4M,t 263.00 8I$.« 168.60 1$$,! 101.80 35.16 1,$40,28 49,00 18.75 80.00 $2,76 80.50 Itl.tff $1.1.1 i,i40.a< iKill 11.71 $0.91 i$.r» lO.Bt $1. 305.50 106.89 139,50 342.30 40,50 34.60 39.60 31,00 21,50 21,50 17.00 23.50 38.50 35.00 38.00 48.00 26.50 32.64) ISt.SI^ 342,Sr 40.6*' 14.69 S$.6* 31.MK 11.6*1 31.6* 17.00 23.50 38.60 36.00 38.00 4$,00 2$,60 32.60 169.00 169.00 266.50 42.00 34.60 66.50 30.00 32.60 19.50 33.00 42.00 E0.6O 46.60 6.0O 75.00 189.00 266,60 42,00 34.60 , 66,60 30.001 32.60,;^ 19,60 33,00 " 42.00 50.EO 46.60 $.00 75,00 189,00 30.00 36,00 183.00 183.00 350.4 3 350,43 1,666.00 1,666.00 315.72 316.72 53.57 63.67 1,009.60 1,009,60 76.79 76.79 2.07 2.07 16.05 16.0S 65.36 65,36 71.2S 71,2B 1,220.36 1,220,86 78.95 78.96 19.00 lt.00 14,92 14,9S 328.80 328,8(1 6.0O $.00 8,357.36 8,367.36 5.164.52 6,164,62 41.50 41.50 75.25 76.26 $.49 1.49 228.00 $2$.l 11.25 ll.tt 6.61 $.U $3.33 81.$g $.36 Its 1,418.76 1.41$.7t $$4.$7 1$3.42 li.OO 110. OO 7i.0O I4.$T 4.76 ^^4.tf ll$.4t 160* 110.0* 76.09 84.87 i.Tf
+Click tabs to swap between content that is broken into logical sections.
+This Week’s Episode: Evidence-based Strategies for Narratives
+We are continuing with our new podcast series, Strategies You Can Use! I’ve been sharing different evidence-based strategies to help target specific skills.
+Today I’ll discuss different strategies on how to target narratives!
+4 Strategies to Target Narratives
+✨Before we dive into the 4 strategies, I wanted to provide some evidence to get you excited about targeting narratives✨
+✓Teaching story grammar has been found to improve comprehension from elementary students with learning disabilities to high school students (e.g., Gurney et al., 1990)
+Gurney, D., Gersten, R., Dimino, J., & Carnine, D. (1990). Story grammar: Effective literature instruction for high school students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(6), 335–342.
+✓ Explicit instruction on these elements provides children a framework (Hayward, Gillam, & Lien, 2007; Lynch et al., 2008).
+✓ This helps “make language-learning tasks less demanding, more meaningful, and more authentic” (Tomasello, 2003).
+1. Provide visual supports.
+“Narrative instruction should include explicit teaching of story grammar elements” using graphic organizers and/or visual cues (Gillam et al., 2014).
+Gillam, S. L., Olszewski, A., Fargo, J., & Gillam, R. B. (2014). Classroom-based narrative and vocabulary instruction: Results of an early-stage, nonrandomized comparison study. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 45, 204–219.
+🍎 Use the SLP Now Story grammar elements! This is included in your SLP Now Membership.
+✓The use of visuals and graphic organizers also enhances student comprehension (Paris & Paris, 2007).
+Paris, A. H., & Paris, S. G. (2007). Teaching narrative comprehension strategies to first graders. Cognition and Instruction, 25(1), 1–44.
+🍎 Use the SLP Now graphic organizer! This is included in your SLP Now Membership.
+2. Identify story grammar elements.
+Students can then identify story grammar elements in stories, which has been shown to yield improvements in complexity and content of oral narratives (Hayward & Schneider, 2000).
+Hayward, D., & Schneider, P. (2000). Effectiveness of teaching story grammar knowledge to pre-school children with language impairment: An exploratory study. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 16, 255–284.
+Teaching story grammar also enhances student comprehension (Paris & Paris, 2007).
+3. Identify missing elements.
+Hayward & Schneider (2000) also found that identifying missing elements in stories yielded improvements in student narratives.
+✓Try modeling the story and leave elements off so the student can correct you.
+4. Use an authentic context.
+Teaching story grammar in the context of authentic stories (e.g., books, fiction articles) yielded clinically significant improvements in students’ oral narratives (Swanson, Fey, Mills, & Hood, 2005).
+Swanson, L. A., Fey, M. E., Mills, C. E., & Hood, L. S. (2005). Use of narrative-based language intervention with children who have specific language impairment. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 14, 131–143.
+✨ Putting it Together (Ukrainetz, 2007)✨
+✓ Brainstorm parts of the story, and assess initial knowledge of story grammar (What do you need the beginning/middle/end?)
+✓Introduce terminology for the story grammar elements using the graphic organizer
+✓ Introduce the book (show the cover, read the title)
+✓ Students guess what the story might be about + fill in the organizer
+✓ Read the story + fill in the organizer
+✓Compare predicted story + actual story
+✓ Retell the story
+Ukrainetz, T.A. (2007). Assessment and intervention within a contextualized skill framework. In T.A. Ukrainetz (Ed.), Contextualized language intervention: Scaffolding preK-12 literacy achievement (pp. 59-94). Austin, TX: PRO-ED.
+Need goal ideas for targeting Narratives?
+Additional Links
+Interested in any of the materials mentioned in this podcast? Join our Free 14 day SLP Now Trial Your first 5 downloads are on us!
+Narrative Bundle – Story Grammar Icons + Graphic Organizer –, lets dive right in.
+Marisha: Today's episode is all about narratives and I've done a lot of research on narrative-based therapy over the years and so I have a lot of different references that I am pulling together, that have really informed how I approach this. So it's a little different than the other episodes, but I hope it'll be jam packed with tons and tons of information that you can use, including those practical strategies to target those goals in therapy.
+Marisha: So first, before we dive into the specific strategies, I think it's helpful to talk about why we even want to teach story grammar in terms of narrative-based intervention and there's some really cool studies out there. So teaching story grammar has been found to improve comprehension and they've found this with elementary students who have learning disabilities and even with high school students. So there's an article by Gurney et al. in 1990, that looks at using this as an approach with high school students who have learning disabilities and how it even improves comprehension of a lecture. So it can really help with that generalization and impact students in the real world, in their context of the classroom and all of that.
+Marisha: By teaching story grammar elements explicitly, it provides children with a framework and that's why they're able to generalize that. So they have that framework on how to analyze the information and how to make sense of that information that they're taking in, which in turn can help comprehension. The framework also helps make language learning tasks less demanding, more meaningful, and more authentic, and that comes from Thomas Ello in 2003. So, like I said, I'm just mentioning a couple of the citations here, but feel free to check out the show notes for this episode for the full reference list. You can find that at SLPnow.com/132. So, SLPnow.com/132.
+Marisha: Now that we have a little bit of a framework in terms of why we even want to target this, I have a couple of strategies. So I'm going to share four evidence-backed strategies that we can use and then we're going to wrap things up and share what this could look like in terms of a whole unit or in a progression of a session. So the first strategy is to provide visual supports. So Gillan et al. in 2014 had a really nice article in the language speech and hearing services in schools journal. They say that narrative instruction should include explicit teaching of story grammar elements, and we can use graphic organizers and/or visual cues to do that. There are studies showing that the use of visuals and graphic organizers enhances student comprehension. So one example is that is from Paris and Paris in 2007.
+Marisha: So for me, this includes some of the visuals that I use. I have some laminated story grammar icons, so I just have one icon on a laminated card. And so there's a set of seven icons and the back is blank. So I can use just the icons as cues, or if students need more support, we can use dry erase marker to do quick pictography for each element on the back. And then as we're practicing retelling the story, we can work on sequencing it, or I can just show them the icon when they're retelling, if they need some more support, I can flip the card around. It's a really fun activity and we can use those cards to identify story grammar elements. We'll give more examples of that going forward.
+Marisha: And then my other go to support is a graphic organizer that also has the icons on it. Mine is also dry erase laminated. And I think this is nice when we're first teaching it because students can see that progression. And I feel like that's the most scaffolded way to do it. And then as they become more independent, we can just queue with individual cards. But those are two examples of visual supports that I like to use. The next strategy is to identify story grammar elements. I talked about this in the previous step, but we can do this in conjunction with visuals or not, but having students identify story grammar elements in stories has shown to yield improvements in the complexity and the content of oral narratives.
+Marisha: One specific citation is from Hayward and Schneider in 2000 and they looked at the effectiveness of teaching story grammar knowledge to preschool children. So we've touched on articles from preschool, elementary, secondary. So this is a very worthwhile skill to target across the age ranges. So by teaching them to identify those story grammar elements, if we're going through a story, we can use the icons to identify the characters. And if we look at the first page, we can have the character icon and then identify, oh, who's the character. And then the next icon card is the setting, when and where does the story happen? And we can point to that and use the icons as a support as we're going through the book. Or we can fill in a graphic organizer as we're reading the book and identifying the parts of the story that way. So that is step two, identifying story grammar elements.
+Marisha: The third strategy is to identify missing elements. So that same study by Hayward and Schneider in 2000 also found that identifying missing elements in stories yielded improvements in student narratives. So when I use this, I might model retelling a story and have the students make sure that I have all the elements and as they get more familiar with it, and as they get better at identifying the elements, I might leave elements off on purpose. And there are also a lot of stories that don't have all of the elements so we can work on identifying them that way as well. And then it can be a fun activity to do if you're working with a group of students. We can identify if our peers are leaving off elements, but we definitely want to have set that up appropriately to make sure that is done in a safe way.
+Marisha: The fourth and last strategy is to use an authentic context. So we want to be teaching story grammar in the context of authentic stories, whether it's books or fiction articles or in terms of their own narratives. In the context of those authentic stories, we see a lot more clinically significant improvements. And this is from Swanson et al. in 2005. And they looked at the use of narrative-based language intervention with children who have SLI. So having that authentic context can really help with that generalization and make this a more meaningful activity.
+Marisha: So just to recap the four strategies, really quick. One, we want to provide visual supports. The examples that I shared are the story grammar icon cards with one icon on each card or a story grammar organizer that has all of the story grammar elements in sequence so that they can view that. Then another activity is to identify story grammar elements when we're reading. The third strategy is to work on identifying missing elements in stories or retells. And then the fourth strategy is to use an authentic context. So using authentic stories from books or fiction articles, things that are relevant to the curriculum or narratives from their own lives.
+Marisha: So, that's a recap of the four strategies. Dr. Ukrainetz has a fabulous textbook on contextualized language intervention and her chapter detailing how this could all be put together was really helpful. So what she shares is that first we brainstorm the parts of the story. So we might just look at the cover and a couple pages and then talk about who the characters might be, what the setting might be, and do a little bit of an inferencing activity. And if this is more towards the beginning, we can use this as a way to assess initial knowledge of story grammar.
+Marisha: Do the students know what the parts of a story are? And what does that look like? And if they're not familiar with that, we can introduce the terminology for those story grammar elements, like using the icons or the graphic organizer. And I think if I was starting off, I would just use the graphic organizer because it helps keep the sequence straight. That's one less thing that they have to remember. But then once we introduce the terminology, we would introduce the book, look at the cover, read the title. And then we work on filling in that organizer, as the students are guessing what the story might be about and then reread the story and fill in the organizer with what actually happened. And if you have multiple organizers, that can be a really nice way to compare and contrast. So we can look at the predicted story and the actual story, and then we can work on retelling the story. So that's just an example of what a sequence could look like and putting those different strategies together. And yeah, that's a wrap.
+Marisha: So join us next week for strategies on how to target summarizing, super excited to dive into that skill. As we move from narrative text to expository text, which is super relevant for our older students, as we move through the curriculum. We're reading expository texts even from early elementary. If your students are rocking narrative intervention, and they've got their story grammar elements down, this is a really, really great area to explore as well. So we'll see you next week.
+Marisha:.
+Contributed By Santillana Hintze
+In Mexico, the General Health Law (GHL) is the federal legislation that regulates advertising in connection with medicines as well as other medical products, including devices. This federal law is grounded by the Mexican Constitution (Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos); Article 4 of the country’s constitution establishes healthcare protection as a human right.
+The Mexican healthcare law system is based on the principle that the protection of people’s health is a human right. Provisions related and applicable to advertising on medicines are part of the GHL; this law has several similar regulations that apply to different aspects and issues related to healthcare (such as: research, regulatory matters, healthcare services, etc). Therefore, in addition to the dispositions of the GHL, there is a particular regulation on advertising of healthcare products (Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Publicidad). In certain cases, such as pricing the provisions of the consumer protection law, it might apply. Issues related to the accuracy of the information submitted to consumer are regulated by the Federal Law of Consumer Protection (Ley Federal de Protección al Consumidor).
+The National Chamber of the Pharmaceutical Industry (CANIFARMA) groups pharmaceutical companies in Mexico. Its members must comply with several codes, for example, the Ethics and Transparency Code; the Good Promotional Practices Code; and the Code of Interactions with Patient Associations, including those that apply to advertising of medicines. Such regulations only apply to members of CANIFARMA – compliance with their terms is not binding, pursuant to the terms of Mexican legislation; they contain precise obligations with respect to advertising practices.
+CANIFARMA codes apply only to members of the chamber – their dispositions do not apply to healthcare professionals (HCPs), healthcare institutions or third parties that are not members of such association. CANIFARMA is a Mexican commerce and industrial chamber, the affiliation to which is strictly voluntary. Companies of the pharmaceutical industry are not obliged to join it under the terms of Mexican law. In order to be admitted to such association, the members must accept compliance with all its codes, including the ones applicable to ethics and Good Promotional Practices.
+CANIFARMA codes are not mandatory pursuant to the terms of the Mexican constitution; nor the GHL or any other legal provision. For Mexican pharmaceutical companies being members of CANIFARMA is logical due to its visibility before the Mexican government as well as with other industries and sectors. CANIFARMA is the official link and representative of the pharmaceutical industry. With the above factors in mind, being a member and complying to the terms of its regulations is valuable to its members. It is important to mention that breach of such codes does not automatically represent a breach of Mexican legislation. One key provision of such codes is the members’ duty to comply with the terms of Mexican law.
+The regulation of the GHL includes two concepts: one is advertising; the other is the definition of advertising or “commercial”:
+Under the terms of the GHL and its regulations, the difference between advertising and information is that information related to a healthcare product is considered advertising; conversely, information about healthcare in general and/or general awareness of illnesses is not considered as advertising. The regulations of the GHL are clear to determine that information of healthcare products is considered promotional activity even if there are not advertising phrases and/or suggestions to use such products. Information about good healthcare practices or disease awareness are not considered as advertising. The Mexican regulatory authority has interpreted that information that mentions a product even by its generic name is considered as advertising and is therefore subject to the applicable legal terms and limitations.
+Under the terms of the GHL there is a clear distinction about the advertising activities that could be performed depending on the target audience. Any information related to medicines that requires a medical prescription in order to be sold (Rx pharmaceutical products) can only be delivered to HCPs. This restriction includes the information that contains either the generic and/or the trademark of the correspondent product. Advertising and Information related to over-the-counter (OTC) products can be directed to the general public with a prior permit from the regulatory authority.
+The specific law/regulation regarding promotional activities mandates that the same must be grounded and supported. No information on Rx pharmaceutical products could be used or released to the public. If a company owner of a pharmaceutical product launches a campaign to such general audience, it assumes full responsibility to comply with the terms of the applicable law, being the holder of the correspondent marketing authorisation. In the case of Rx, products can only be directed to an HCP.
+Nowadays the use of social media platforms is common, if they allow access to the public, the only messages that could be performed are the ones related to OTC products.
+With respect to patient support programs (PSP), in Mexico in the past years several pharmaceutical companies have developed programs to support patients during their medical treatment. These programs are sensitive from the legal point of view, as well as for applicable self-regulatory codes, due to the following:
+Finally, information about health and diseases is not considered as advertising, provided that the same does not directly or indirectly promote pharmaceutical products, or in any matter could be considered as a subliminal information to provoke the use of pharmaceutical products.
+Press releases are considered an advertising activity and are therefore subject to the applicable regulations; the specific law/regulation regarding promotional activities mandates that the same must have the scientific and technical information that support the message. No information on Rx pharmaceutical products could be used or released though press releases if the same are directed to the public and/or have public access, regardless if the intention was only to refer to an HCP.
+If a company owner of a pharmaceutical product launches a campaign on social media, they assume full responsibility to comply with the terms of the applicable law, being the holder of the correspondent marketing authorisation. The regulations on marketing of healthcare products defines as broadcast or public medium (“medio de difusión”) as those used to disseminate marketing ads to the public including TV, movies, radio, press, magazines, public ads in streets as well any other means of communication whether electronic or any other IT technology.
+If the social media platform is accessible by the public, the only messages that could be broadcast are the ones related to OTC products, no matter if the message is made through a press release.
+Even though comparative advertising for medicines is not specifically forbidden, making comparisons between medicines might be considered as a trademark administrative infraction, since the intention of such an advert might be intended to damage the reputation and image of one of the products being compared.
+Mexican law requires a marketing authorisation for a medicine to be manufactured, distributed and used. These activities include advertising. Due to the above, advertising of unauthorised medicines or new non-authorised indications is not permitted.
+It is not allowed to provide information about an unauthorised medicine or indications.
+As mentioned, Mexican law requires a marketing authorisation for a medicine to be manufactured, distributed and used. These activities include advertising, in my opinion if the medicine is not authorised the information cannot be provided at a scientific conference of HCPs.
+In my opinion if the medicine is not authorised the information cannot be provided to HCPs.
+If the medicine is not authorised the information cannot be provided; this applies to healthcare institutions.
+It is not allowed to publish such availability. Even though such programmes could be considered as compassionate, the same might be classified as the advertising of medicines and, therefore, subject to the terms of the GHL applicable to advertising of medicines.
+Mexican legislation allows only marketing ads or information related to OTC pharmaceutical products. In the case of Rx, products can only be directed to HCPs. In my opinion if any media platform allows access to the public, the only messages that could be presented are the ones related to OTC products.
+The classification of a medicine being an OTC product or a prescription-only medicine is given by the regulatory authority when analysing and approving a marketing authorisation. The classification of for sale to the public is as follows:
+Antibiotics
+Following a ruling published in the Official Federal Gazette on 27 May 2010, the Ministry of Health determined that antibiotic medicines may only be sold after a medical prescription is presented, which will be retained by the pharmacy at the end of the treatment.
+Note: All the above medicines are considered prescription-only medicines.
+The main legal principles of advertising of medicines pursuant to the terms of the GHL and the applicable regulation are:
+The Advertising of Medicines and Dissemination Materials have a Basic Legal Division
+When advertising to the public in general, the following is allowed: medicines or other health products that, for their sale, do not require a medical prescription (ie, OTC medicines, protheses, orthoses, medical device functional aides, etc).
+Advertising directed to health professionals refers to medicines and other products that require a prescription for their sale (medical prescription).
+Principles
+OTC medicines
+OTC medicines must comply with the marketing authorisation and authority prior specific permit to perform the advertising.
+Descriptions should not be deceptive, exaggerated or tendentious.
+Prescription medicines
+May only be advertised to health professionals.
+Advertising must comply with the terms granted within the marketing authorisation and the information to prescribe, approved by the Federal Commission to Prevent Sanitary Risks (Comision Federal para la Protección Contra Riesgos Sanitarios (COFEPRIS)) (summary of the medicine’s information known as information for prescribing (IPP) is the acronym in Spanish).
+The information that can be used in advertising of medicines is the one included and approved by the regulatory healthcare authority during the process of the review and analysis of the correspondent marketing authorisation.
+Only the approved information and therapeutic indications of a medicine can be used in advertising. The price of a medicine can be advertised. The information about the security, efficacy and quality of a medicine must be have the technical and scientific support, as well as be approved be approved by the Mexican healthcare authority. The key document for purposes of advertising activities is the marketing authorisation.
+There is no specific legal restriction for interactions patients, patients’ organisations and industry. The limitations will be with public institutions as well as public servants.
+Now, with respect to the industry codes (CANIFARMA), there is one specifically referred to the interactions between industry and patient organisations. This code contains rules an certain limitations for such interactions, including, in general terms the following:
+The information that can be directed to HCPs is that approved by the healthcare authority and contained in the marketing authorisation, of which an important part is known as information for prescription. This data is submitted by the applicant of the marketing authorisation; the medicine will be approved together at the same time.
+Basically, the data is needed to prescribe the medicine, and includes generic and trade names, indications, manufacturer, formula, contraindications, possible adverse reactions and events. The price of a medicine can be informed to HCPs. The information that cannot be provided to HCPs is that not approved by the authority, such as non-approved indications and possible adverse reactions of a third product.
+Basically, the advertising needs to refer to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC/Información para Prescribir). If clinical or scientific information is used the same must coincide with the correspondent summary.
+It is not permitted to advertise combination products or companion diagnostics that are not included in the Summary or Product Characteristics, the company is only allowed to advertise the product itself with the indications that are approved by the Mexican regulatory authority in the marketing authorisation.
+Companies can provide reprints of journal articles if the same contain information regarding diseases, general heathcare matters and medicines information, in this case, the same must be in accordance to the one contained in the SmPC.
+MSL are not clearly included and regulated by the HCL or its regulations, however, they would follow the same pattern and principals of pharmaceutical advertising; therefore, any information to be provided to HLP even in scientific discussions must comply with the law and be limited to the approved information in the marketing authorisation as well as in the information to prescribe.
+In the case of self-regulatory provisions, CANIFARMA includes terms and obligations for its members for not providing information related to unauthorised medicines or indications to healthcare professionals.
+The advertising approval system is as follows:
+The competent authority for all regulatory healthcare matters is COFEPRIS.
+Under the terms of the Mexican healthcare law, including GHL and its regulations, there are no legal requirements to have internal policies and/or standard operating procedure that regulates advertising activities.
+In respect of these, the CANIFARMA codes contain certain obligations, including, for example, written rules for the delivery of free samples, interactions with medical associations and control of promotional events.
+There is not a specific law/regulation for the use of advertising on the internet. If the internet is used for messages or ads, the GHL and its regulations apply to information and publicity made with respect to goods, services and healthcare products that will be used by humans. This information should be accurate and not mislead the public, at the same time, it must be grounded and supported.
+The regulations on marketing of healthcare products defines as broadcast and/or public medium (medio de difusion) as those used to disseminate marketing ads to the public including TV, movies, radio, press, magazines and public street ads, as well any other mean of communication whether electronic or any other IT technology.
+Such legislation allows only marketing ads or information related to OTC pharmaceutical products. In the case of Rx products, they can only be directed to HCP. If the IT platform allows access to the public, the only messages that could be performed are the ones related to OTC products, no information related to Rx products and their therapeutic indications should be published.
+The same rules apply as to the internet. As mentioned above, such legislation allows only marketing ads or information related to OTC pharmaceutical products. In the case of Rx products they can only be directed to HCPs. In my opinion if the social media platform allows access to the public, the only messages that could be published are the ones related to OTC products. This includes Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, etc. For legal purposes, social media is considered as a broadcast medium (medio de dufusión).
+If the information that will be submitted is intended for HCPs, and is related to Rx medicines, the company must assure that the websites contain solid restrictions to prevent access to the general public.
+The companies are allowed to provide disease awareness information online, as long as there is no mention to the generic name and/or the brand of the Rx pharmaceutical product. If the company wants to provide disease awareness information, in which the generic and/or brand of an OTC product is mentioned, the company needs prior authorisation that allows providing that information to the general public.
+Information related to RX products is forbidden. Providing disease awareness information to the public is a sensitive matter, since it might be considered as advertising, therefore, the same should not directly or indirectly promote pharmaceutical products, or in any matter could be considered as subliminal information to provoke the use of pharmaceutical products. If a company projects to provide on-line disease awareness information, it is advisable to get an authority written ruling.
+The Mexican anti-bribery legislation is contained in a group of laws that are known as the national anti-corruption system. Within this mechanism there is one federal law – the Federal Law of Administrative Responsibilities. This legislation prohibits to give any benefit, gift or retribution to a public servant and applies to HCP working for public institutions. In addition, public servants need to avoid any relation that might represent a conflict of interest with their public duties. The concept of conflict of interest applies to both individuals or public organisations.
+Under the terms of their provisions, CANIFARMA codes include the obligation of its members to avoid giving benefits, that is, contributions that might have the intention to get a benefit, in return, such as incentivising the prescription of a company’s medicines. These anti-bribery rules apply to relations with HCP or public or private sector organisations.
+When dealing with an HCP in Mexico there must be taken in consideration an important division: HCPs working for public institutions; and HCPs with a private practice.
+The private sector is considered to be companies and business projects that do not include public funds: the investment does not come from the economic resources of any government institution.
+After many years of debate and discussion, in 2015 and 2016, as well as the creation of new legislation, important amendments to the constitution were integrated into Mexican anti-bribery legislation to create a group of laws that are known as the national anti-corruption system. As mentioned above, this mechanism has the specific purpose to prevent and prosecute corruption. The Federal Law of Administrative Responsibilities prohibits giving any benefit, gift or retribution to a public servant. This limitation applies to HCPs working for public institutions. This law clearly establishes the concept of conflict of interest between the professional activities of an HCP and the relation with the pharmaceutical industry.
+In 2008, the Ministry of Health issued regulations that prohibited pharmaceutical companies directly giving any goods to public HCPs. The invitation to participate in scientific activities and congresses must be approved by the administrative authorities. In addition, public servants need to avoid any relation that might represent a conflict of interest with their public duties. The concept of conflict of interest apply to both individuals or public organisations.
+A clear conflict of interest will be considered if the HCP who has any interaction with the pharmaceutical industry participates in a decision-making process to approve a medicine. This applies also to a public procurement procedure or the analyses of its inclusion in a national formulary.
+CANIFARMA codes included under the terms of their provisions the obligation of its members to avoid giving benefits, that is contributions that might have the intention to get a benefit, in return, such as: incentivising the prescription of a company’s medicines. These anti-bribery rules apply to relations with HCPs or public or private sector organisations.
+As mentioned in the preceding paragraphs, the Federal Law of Administrative Responsibilities prohibit give any benefit, gift or retribution to a public servant, this limitation applies to HCPs working for public institutions. In addition, public servants need to avoid any relation that might represent a conflict of interest with their professional activities and their interaction with companies of the pharmaceutical industry.
+The Ministry of Health issued, in 2008, regulations that prohibit giving any goods to public HCP. The participation in scientific activities, including seminars must be scrutinised and approved by the administrative authorities. In addition, public servants need to avoid any relation that might represent a conflict of interest with their public duties.
+In the case of HCP who act in the private sector – having their own medical practice – the CANIFARMA codes establish that it is possible to offer gifts that do not have a significant cost (ie, typically gimmicks).
+In the case of public institutions, companies cannot directly provide samples to HCPs. The delivery must be made through administrative authorities of the healthcare institution.
+In case of HCPs within private practices, CANIFARMA’s codes mandate the following:
+Companies can sponsor scientific meeting as congresses, and HCPs can attend. The main principle of these activities is to keep them for educational and scientific purposes, not with the intention to motivate the participants to benefit a pharmaceutical company and encourage the prescription of medicines in exchange for the participation in such events.
+In case of HCPs of private practice such events should take pace in adequate non-luxury sites not known for being for entertainment and must have a scientific purpose. The context and purpose of the event should be educational and not for the objective to entertain HCPs. The participation must be free of any influence or given as an incentive to prescribe medicines or benefit a company.
+In case of HCPs working for public institutions, the event should be authorised by administrative bodies of the institution and have the limits mentioned above. The participation must be free of any influence or given as an incentive to prescribe medicines or benefit a company in a public tender of public procurement procedure or to include certain product in a national formulary.
+Any cultural, sports or non-scientific event provided must not be the main objective and should not occupy more than 20% of the time conference.
+Companies in the pharmaceutical industry can provide grants and donations to healthcare institutions. The key factor in both the public and private sectors is to avoid conflict of interest and not to use the monetary, equipment or services contribution to get back a benefit, such as: prescriptions of medicines; benefits or advantages in public tenders or public procurement procedures; approvals of marketing authorisations; and inclusions in national formularies.
+Restrictions do not necessarily apply themselves, the legal issue will come if the discount is granted to an HCP with a potential conflict of interest, such as getting prescriptions of medicines in exchange.
+In the case of healthcare institutions it is valid to give rebates and discounts in compliance with anti-trust regulations, for example, that the rebate is given under free competition basis and not with the specific intention to damage a third party or obstruct the free access to goods.
+It is possible to contract services to be rendered by an HCP. As mentioned for other cases, is important to establish the difference between professionals from the public and the private sector.
+In the case of HCP of the public sector, is possible to contract for such services if there is not a conflict of interest that might illegally benefit a company, for example, services of an HCP who participates in the following decisions. To include a medicine in a national formulary; authorisation of a marketing authorisation; or granting a public contract to acquire a medicine or healthcare product.
+In cases of an HCP with a private practice, CANIFARMA codes allow getting these types of services and the correspondent payment. The purpose or intention must not be to get the benefit the company in an inadequate manner, such as, influence the HCP to prescribe certain products; buy or recommend them; or damage the image of a product of a third party. The payment should have a fair market value and be related only with the service.
+In case of services to be contracted with public HCP a previous authorisation of the superior is required.
+Samples of medicines as well as gimmicks to be given to a public HCP will need to be delivered to the administrative authorities of the healthcare institution, not directly to the HCP. This is a matter that implies that before performing this activity, the correspondent internal body will need to approve the same.
+Legally, pharmaceutical companies are not required to disclose, under regular or periodic basis, details of transfers of value to HCPs. The GHL, and not its regulations, establish such obligations. The possibility exists that an administrative or judicial authority might request such disclosure in case of a specific legal procedure or litigation – such a request must be legally grounded and be precise and detailed request of disclosure. For example:
+The CANIFARMA codes include transparency obligations, such as the obligation of companies to disclose upon request by the Ethics Council, contracts and payments or transfers of value to HCPs. Such requests must be grounded and be specific to the cases, not being an open request of disclosure, nor an ongoing periodic obligation.
+Transparency requirements from Mexican authorities apply to companies doing business in Mexico and such requirements are not related to having products in the market and are linked to their commercial activities.
+In the case of CANIFARMA, their members already have products in the market; therefore, members are subject to the terms of the correspondent codes.
+The Mexican regulatory authority with legal responsibility to enforce all the applicable regulations on advertising is COFEPRIS.
+In cases that involve prices as well as claims that might affect directly the consumer, the Federal Consumer Protection Agency might have a joint jurisdiction over an individual case. For example, advertising that is consider misleading the consumer.
+If a sanction is imposed, for example a fine and or a seizure or a product, a company will have the right to battle the case before federal courts and the right to a constitutional relief in case of a constitutional violation.
+There are three scenarios:
+All the above proceedings have different instances that might end in litigation before federal courts, including constitutional reliefs.
+The administrative authorities in charge of enforcing laws and regulation applicable to advertising of medicines might impose the following sanctions:
+The procedures or measures taken by the self-regulatory authority and the procedures or measures taken by courts are not linked. Both types of authorities have their jurisdiction and forum. The Mexican Courts will act based on the terms of the Constitution; the GHL and its regulations as well as the consumer protection law. Their resolutions and final judgments will be binding to the sanctioned company.
+In the case of a self-regulatory authority (CANIFARMA), the industry codes have procedures and sanctions that will be applicable only to members of such chamber. An infraction to the self-regulatory codes does not imply an action of Mexican federal courts or administrative authorities. At the same time, a final judgment of a court will not automatically imply the initiation of a procedure for sanction before the CANIFARMA’s Ethics Council.
+During 2017 COFERPIS issued a ruling that might be interpreted as an intention to allow advertising of Rx medicines to the general public; however, the law and the regulations must be changed, and the rules are currently still the same: advertising of Rx medicines can only be directed to HCP.
+The Mexican regulatory authority regularly prosecutes and sanctions advertising of medicines or products that pretend to be medicines – without having a marketing authorisation – which do not have the claimed therapeutic effects or in worst case scenario are not medicines at all.
+COFEPRIS as well as the Ministry of Health has the clear intention to combat so-called “miracle products” that are in the market pretending being medicines or having non-proven therapeutic effects. In the past, TV broadcast companies have allowed advertising of these products with the obvious damage to the consumer.
+At the same time, the Federal Consumer Protection Attorney Office is active to prevent misleading advertising that might damage the consumer.
+Ricardo Castro No. 54-302
+Col. Guadalupe Inn
+C.P., 01020
+México, D.F.
++55 52 92 82 32gsantillana@santillana-abogados.net
+Bus Cook apparently doesn’t read PFT.
+Cook represents Seahawks quarterback Rus...
+Mike Florio, can the following be done (just a hypothetical because no team will ever try this out with a cheap overachieving rookie)-
+Russell Wilson is cut by the Seahawks. He now signs a new contract with them which is more in line with his performance ?
+Just keep it up Wilson. I promise promise promise you ll get a monster extension. Sign on bonus and for 9 years. Lol
+What if they cut Wilson with a guarantee that he’ll immediately resign with them? As a free agent couldn’t he sign any contract? Isn’t there a way around this?
+Talk about under paid, but he sign the deal!!!
+He can blame the NFLPA. They negotiated the deal.
+can we please just stop talking about any player being under paid? we all know the contracts are not guaranteed but what you fail to mention in any story about somebody being paid is their signing bonus is GUARANTEED. to bad somebody is being paid more per year than you but you should have thought of that before you signed your contract. as you said in russell’s case it is a moot point because he has to wait but I refuse to feel sorry for somebody making as much as these guys do. unless he blew all of his signing bonus he will just have to suffer making only 900 grand a year.
+Looks like the Rooney rule needs to be expanded further. The racist state of the NFL has white backups making more than black starters.
+Crackers!!!!!
+I hear it was Lennay Kekua that called.
+supremekingz says: Jan 20, 2013 1:14 PM
+What if they cut Wilson with a guarantee that he’ll immediately resign with them? As a free agent couldn’t he sign any contract? Isn’t there a way around this?
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+He would have to clear waivers. Good luck with that.
+You signed the contract Russell.. Man up and honor it.
+Package Matt Flynn, along with their 1st rounder, in order to move up in the draft to a team that wants a more sure thing than the Mike Glennons and Tyler Wilson’s of the world.
+Colt McCoy would be attractive as a backup to Wilson. He would probably be a halfway decent bet to be able to run that read option, given that he has enough wheels to pull it off. Plus, dude needs a change of scenery, bad.
+It makes no sense at all to make the request, as it only serves to make Wilson representatives look bad. Fortunately, their client will have ample opportunity to make millions in endorsements, both locally and nationally.
+If they’re smart, they’ll take out an eight figure insurance policy against career ending injury.
+If Wilson and his people are upset at his current compensation he can blame the idiot head of the NFLPA.
+russel is the future and will undoubtably recieve the largest contract in seattles history unfortunately the cba has set the guidelines this way. hopefully flynn goes to a good home maybe a trade for a good wide out.
+If the ‘Hawks were to cut R. Wilson, I believe he’d have to clear waivers. He obviously wouldn’t…
+Like I said here a few weeks ago. The Seahawks don’t strike me as a team that will handle success well.
+A little too early, Russell. You will get paid that way for another couple years, and get another agent that know how to work your numbers.
+He’ll peter out next year and be the 3rd round player every one thought he was. Just kidding.
+Poor Russell Wilson he is now paying for the sins of Ryan Leaf and Jamarcus Russell, much like our children someday will be paying for our national debt, and they will be asking the same question, and they will realize the answer is just as unfair.
+Waivers!
+Don’t get me wrong he absolutely outplayed his contract…. So did Alfred Morris and a handful of other rookies…
+Guys like that should just be happy they were selected by teams that maximized their abilities and will allow them to get monster contracts in the future.
+the thing about trading Flynn is the dumbest. Kyle Orton stinks and even he makes like $3M a year as a backup. They already paid Flynn his guaranteed money last year….you don’t just trade a good player in arguably the second most valuable position in football because YOU “think” Wilson might consider it a reminder about the money he isn’t making. stretch.
+Bus Cook (or Russell Wilson) needs to hire a marketing agent.
+Wilson could likely make more money pimping Starbucks, Nordstrom & Amazon.
+Is it that hard to believe that the team’s billionaire owner Paul Allen hasn’t already done something to convince the kid they’ll take care of him. I can envision him being gifted a new car or penthouse apartment, just something to show he’s appreciated and in good hands if he doesn’t bitch about the situation.
+There has been allot of one year wonders in the NFL history,now I am not saying Russell Wilson is a one year wonder,but they should wait until he plays one or two more seasons before you sign him to a long term contract.
+I wonder if the owners would go for an amendment that would allow them to renegotiate with 3rd round and lower players if they perform like Wilson after the first year. The players would have to give up something though, like if they choose to renegotiate after the first year then the team would only have to pay half of the amount a franchise tag would cost if they decide to franchise the player at the end of the deal.
+I think the ‘Hawks should just waive him & take their chances.
+Why trade Flynn just because he makes more money? Plenty of backup QB’s in the league get paid more then Wilson does now so unless they want to go draft another 3rd round or later guy to be their backup next year they will have this issue no matter what. The total amount of cap dollars they have allocated to the QB position is more than reasonable so it’s not a strain on them right now.
+Trade Flynn if a good deal comes up and it makes football sense, but not just for the sake of Wilson’s ego. If he’s such the great leader he’s talked up to be it shouldn’t even bother him.
+“He can blame the NFLPA. They negotiated the deal.”
+I’m sure he does. He wasn’t even in the NFLPA when they negotiated it.
+WHY would the NFLPA negotiate this contract? Was it a reaction to the PREVIOUS contract where the new players were getting the huge contracts in their first years etc.? I don’t understand. Can somebody explain the history of this present contract situation? How can the Hawks possibly expect their all-everything QB to wait as long as four years without a MAJOR problem that filters throughout the entire team?
+I’m guessing colin kaepernick wants a raise too, though he was a high 2nd rounder so he’ll make about $750k next season. Maybe the NFLPA can create a first 3 years bonus pool for top performers in the league who weren’t taken in the very top of the draft and making good money already.
+The NFLPA should have insisted on the teams having the rights on a player for four years, but if the player wasn’t a first round pick, the player becomes arbitration eligible (like baseball) after two years.
+The Seahawks deserve to get at least 3 years of cheap production out of him before he gets his big deal. It goes both ways, players deserve to be paid well because their careers aren’t forever but teams deserve to reap the benefits of a good draft pick and shouldn’t have to give him a raise after just one season.
+I feel worse for guys like Alfred Morris that take a beating as a 7th round pick.
+With his performance, he’ll earn FAR more than the 3 million on his contract from endorsements. Don’t cry for Russell Wilson…he ain’t gonna starve.
+Guarantee it wasn’t Wilson asking, it’s not like him at all.
+What if they cut Wilson with a guarantee that he’ll immediately resign with them? As a free agent couldn’t he sign any contract? Isn’t there a way around this?
+_________________________________
+I’m sure Andy Reid would love it if the Seahawks did this because KC would undoubtedly put in a claim and they would then have their #1 problem solved for next to nothing.
+As far as Flynn is concerned, the Seahawks shouldn’t have a problem trading him. The cap hit they would take by bringing forward the last 2 million of his salary cap would be less than his ’14 base salary, so they would not take a cap hit by trading him. Any team trading for him would have him for 2 years at $12 million, which isn’t bad at all. The ‘hawks should be able to get something like a 3rd this year and conditional pick the following year.
+The problem with the contracts in the NFL is that they should all include escalators. The raises should have started at becoming the starter and moved up from there. It would prevent the teams from having disgruntled players and allow players and their agents to stay focused on other things. Of course, it would also have to allow for the opposite. Too many play hard for that big contract and then fizzle.
+But claiming the NFLPA is to blame is silly. To a point. The rookie cap was needed in order to get better heathcare and other things for current and former players.
+They don’t have to cut Flynn. Almost every team has more money invested in this position and they are getting less out of it. You don’t cut someone because his pay is hurting the feelings of someone else, they are professionals. The moment Wilson gets hurt PFT would be saying how it was wrong that they cut a capable back up.
+I am a Wilson fan, obvious by my posting name, but one year doesn’t get you a big contract either. Go do it again and show it wasn’t a fluke. He will get his. I don’t blame him for trying but the situation is what it is.
+We all might want to consider the source and not jump to conclusions about Wilson being greedy or wanting something done now. The guy’s not an idiot and knows the rules.
+He better not get hurt like RG3.
+Where was all the outcry when the Raiders paid all that money to Jarmarcus Russell?
+I’m not blaming anything on this kid. I think he’s amazing. I don’t Flynn is that bad, I just think he’s that great. Every time I see him speak, he has an amazing attitude.
+He’s a young man. He’s got many years left in him. When he’s Peyton Manning’s age he could sign for that kind of money. If he doesn’t last due to injury, no team can afford to pay someone for what they’ve done, in reality they have to pay them for what they can do.
+And yes, I didn’t feel sorry for Breez when he was faced with the horrible prospect of playing for 16 million a year, and I don’t feel sorry for anyone making 900k. This kid will get his, he’s incredible!
+Not much different that a player like K Blair Walsh selected in 6th round…sets NFL records, team scoring in rookie year…yet has 6th round pay for next 4 years.
+Object of Rookie wage scale was “prove it” before payday…..and it makes perfect sense.
+For every late round rookies like Russell Wilson or Blair Walsh, there are 10 high picks that wash out before their rookie contract expires.
+Too many people listen to ESPN and think they know everything. Hello THEY DO NOT! Let Wilson get put on waivers and see how quick he gets picked up. I say he is a bust next season, while ESPN has him in Hall Of Fame already.
+There is no such thing as out playing a contract. He played well. All players expect to play well. His value has risen as a result of his play but his contract was signed with the expectation to play at a high level. I don’t see anything wrong with the rookie wage scale concept. Name one industry where the new kid that goes to work for somebody gets the most pay. He will benefit from endorsements and a huge contract when he is eligible. No issues.
+I have no doubt his wife is in his ear every day and that’s he knows how much every other starting quarterback in the league is making. I am sure Wilson has heard 100 times, “Tony Romo is making $15 million and I don’t see him in the playoffs”
+The NFL has a pool of money that pays players for out performing their contracts. It can be as little 20 k up to a couple of hundred grand.
+He will get paid plenty no matter what. This contract structure was made to protect teams from paying 60 million for mediocre play like is being done with Sam Bradford.
+I’d want to sign a contract for tons of money if I were a running, flash in the pan QB. In five years, this guys is a struggling backup, having two or three ACL surgeries.
+Just another option back trying to get his payday before his knee goes RG3.
+I find it hilarious that people think Matt Flynn has any value at all. He got beat out in training camp by a 3rd round draft pick who when the Seahawks began the year were terrified to open up the playbook for him. So its not like he walked in and played like he did in the last half of the year. That real doesn’t say much about Matt Flynn.
+Cba that’s all that needs to be said. How about be great full for the money you got as a rookie and earn that ridiculous money u want in two years. Remember signing bonus already paid I believe and endorsements. Can’t tell me you don’t have a million dollar home paid for or your driving a Kia? I’m calling bs Wilson. Suck it up or go work for McDonald’s they give ya a raise.
+it very likely that read option quaterbacks like rg3 wilson Kapernick will have much shorter careers. If I was one of them I would look for big money early while I was in my prime.
+NO doubt wilson is looking at rg3 saying that could be me.
+This has to be a joke. Russell and his agent both read and re-read and re-read the cba.
+I’m sure if Russell’s agent did this without his knowledge, Russell will be signing with a new agent very shortly .
+The Seahawks could work out a deal with the Chiefs that they cut Wilson with the understanding that the Chiefs will claim him on waivers, then they trade Flynn to the Chiefs for Wilson, and then sign Wilson to a new contract. The Chiefs might be a potential trade partner for Flynn anyway.
+If there is one thing I could change in sports is that athletes get paid based on there performance, you have a great year it will reflect the amount of money you recive for that year , it will never happen but how I wish it could happen , crappy season = crappy pasta years end
+Maybe he can pick up some cash taking over all the endorsements of RG3 who he beat in the playoffs.
+Players can never win. When Drew Brees played out his contract and was a free agent who held out until he got the contract he wanted I heard so many people on here bashing him for not jumping on the offer the Saints got him. Even as a free agent people want players here to just shut up and sign what ever is offered to them.
+Free agency is the first time a player can truly negotiate his contract. He can’t do it comming into the league and he can’t even do it after playing out his rookie contract because he becomes a restricted free agent. Even when he becomes a true free agent he can’t do it because a team can franchise him up to 3 times and lay an exclusive franchise tag on him preventing him from negotiating with other teams.
+When Wilson’s contract is up and if he plays hardball I just hope I don’t hear any of the honor your contract crowds on here complaining about his negotiation stance.
+What is tough about this is you have some players like Wilson that deserve more money, and other players who sign big contracts that don’t perform well (Shawn Alexander/Chris Johnson to name a couple).
+When it works out against players its not fair and should be adjusted, when it works against the team, no one suggests a contract adjustment for the team.
+In fairness Wilson deserves more money for sure. In fairness, Chris Johnson should give back a much of money. Life is not fair.
+I like the idea of trading Flynn for a spectacular grabeverything indefensible wide out, but that isn’t Seattle’s most pressing need. We have decent enough receivers. We really need an omniscient pass rush.
+It’s not Russell Wilson pushing the new contract it’s his agent. Im sure Russell Wilson wouldn’t mind extra money, but I think he’s more worried about getting ready for next year.
+FinFan68 “Name one industry where the new kid that goes to work for somebody gets the most pay.”
+—————————————–.
+buckybadger says: Jan 20, 2013 3:35 PM.
+________
+Agree completely, but employees of normal companies don’t sign contracts with guaranteed pay and term of employment. If a company hires the Rhodes Scholar equivalent of JaMarcus Russell (not likely, but possible) they can sever ties with him the first time he falls asleep in a company meeting; unlike the Raiders, who had just signed him to the biggest rookie deal of all time.
+Wage scales don’t make sense for any part of the free market driven by capitalism, but the NFL is not. Between the draft, guaranteed contracts, and a salary cap, the free market has little to no effect on the internal dealings of professional football.
+jwreck, not exactly true about the contracts. There are partnerships and board deals all the time that make it impossible to get rid of someone. Board members sign deals very close to what GMs and coaches have all the time. Their contracts are also binding both ways. The only way they get fired is if they do something that would be called a breach of contract so your sleeping on your job might qualify as a breach in contract but these guys have deals far better than what NFL players have. These players can get cut even if they are performing and the team just didn’t manage their salary cap.
+If any player deserves more, its Russell. But the new rookie structure was necessary to prevent the Ryan Leafs, and such from killing franchises for years. Could they give him a big extension without affecting the 1st 3 years?
+Wow, after 1 season this guys reps are all ready money hungry. Russell needs new reps badly and if I were the Seahawks I’d insist he find new representation. Even if it was him who asked for the raise his reps should have explained to him that it’s impossible and to just wait the 3 years patiently, pay his dues and Seattle will gladly give him what he deserves. The fact that’s not what happened says his reps don’t know the rules of the CBA and contract the rules of the contracts, and that is absolutely unacceptable. It makes Russell look greedy and could’ve possibly caused a rift between him and the front office. Anyone representing a profesional athlete needs to know every single guideline in the CBA that pertains to his duties and these morons should be fired immediately.
+Somebody out there can tell me if this scenario is plausible:
+Paul Allen calls his good buddy the CEO of Starbucks and asks CEO to hire Wilson for some kind of commercial. CEO hires Wilson for, say, $5 million.
+Paul Allen sees to it that some $$ comes to Starbucks somehow (investment $$, whatever).
+Is something like this legal?
+@kenowest If that’s how it works the Falcons want a refund on Ray Edwards. He was replaced by a white guy named Biermann that made way less money.
+For that matter, 90% of the players in the NFL are black. Maybe we need a Welker rule so we can see more white players have an opportunity to start….
+Can’t Subway sign him on for a good deal with RG3…?
+I mean really, that defensive lineman for the Lions whose name was mentioned so little this year I forgot it is making some big bucks pushing subs for those guys.
+It rhymes with Sue….hmmmm.
+Weird how this is a race thing, unlike, Mike vick making 17.5 million and nike foles with a rookie contract taking his job
+If your going to dog Ryan leaf which is deserving lets not forget get the jamarcus russells of the nfl
+There’s a way around it, trust me. Wilson will be getting paid soon.
+Emotional Intelligence for children ages 8-10 Note to Parents Emotional Intelligence is a wide range of skills that children of all ages can develop and improve. These skills are critical for emotional wellbeing and life success. This section of the Youth Deployment Activity Guide is designed to give you additional age appropriate resources that are helpful in teaching your child about emotions. The emotional and social skills that are presented were written in order. Revised as of 28 January 03 Emotional Intelligence Activities Ages 8-10 InTRApersonal Scales Self Regard .................................................... My Special Gifts and Talents Whoooo Are You? Emotional Self-Awareness........................... Piecing A Quilt Name That Emotion! Assertiveness................................................. Make No Bones About It! You’re Not the Boss of Me! Independence................................................. Planting Seeds To Independence A Skeleton of My Former Self Self-Actualization......................................... Responsibility Go For It! InTERpersonal Scales Empathy .......................................................... Seeing Through Different Eyes Do You Care? Social Responsibility ..................................... Speak Kindly Are You Barking Up the Right Tree? Interpersonal Relationship .......................... Opening Doors To Friendship Friendship Chain Adaptability Scale Reality Testing............................................... Choices Get Real! Flexibility........................................................ Choosing Between Two Things Flexibility Problem Solving.............................................. Solving Problems The Lucky Five Stress Management Stress Tolerance........................................... Relax Before You Break Blowing Bubbles Impulse Control ............................................ Treat Yourself Lifesavers General Mood Scale Optimism......................................................... Positive Thinking Put On A Happy Face Happiness ........................................................ Keys To Happiness Let A Smile Be Your Umbrella Revised as of 28 January 03 My Special Gifts and Talents Everyone has something they do well. It may be in a sport, or playing a musical instrument, or even a particular subject like math. A person can even be good at making friends. Whatever a person does well can be a gift or talent. See if you can recognize your own gifts and talents. I, ________________________________, bring these special gifts and talents to my community. 1. __________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________ Of your talents, which are you most proud? Why? ______________________ ____________________________________________________________ What would the world be like if everyone had the same gifts and talents? ____________________________________________________________ What if everyone on the baseball team was a good pitcher, but no one did well at running or hitting? ______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ What is one of the nicest things you could say about yourself? _____________ ____________________________________________________________ What are some things you’ve been able to show other people how to do? ____________________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Whoooo Are You? Self-regard is the way you feel about who you are and your self-worth. That means you know who you are and feel satisfied with yourself. You have a good feeling of success. With a feeling of your worth, you will have high selfconfidence and feelings of being adequate. Fill in the ovals in the flowchart below to find out more about yourself. Example: You are so thoughtful. make good Names I’m Proud to Be Called Revised as of 28 January 03 Example: You are someone I can trust. Piecing a Quilt Many emotions make up the person you are. It is important to be able to identify those emotions and know how to deal with them. Your emotions are like a patchwork quilt. Each of your emotions is pieced together to make up the whole you. Inside the patches on the quilt below, draw a face showing different emotions you have felt. Revised as of 28 January 03 Name That Emotion! How familiar are you with emotions? Use this exercise to help you have fun finding out about different emotions that are important for you to know. See how many different words from the two following groups of emotions below you can use to fill in the blanks in the sentences. Write them in the boxes below each sentence. proud helpful calm alert quiet surprised eager delighted hopeful curious excited friendly pleased relieved interested glad happy amazed ashamed confused jealous sorry angry uneasy concerned impatient disliked scared worried depressed embarrassed abandoned sad guilty 1. I was so __________ when I won the spelling bee. 2. The ‘D’ I got on my math test made me feel _________. 3. The class was _________ when the alarm sounded. 4. I felt________ when my best friend made fun of me during lunch. 5. Dad was _________ when I missed my foul shot. 6. This math problem makes me feel _________. 7. I felt ___________ when my friends went to the movie without me. 8. She was so _________ at the last scout meeting. Revised as of 28 January 03 Make No Bones About It! Do your friends sometimes do or say things that make you feel uncomfortable? Maybe they say unkind things to other classmates. Or maybe they take the seat you were saving for someone and won’t move when you ask them. Do you feel like you should speak up about it, but are afraid? Here are some steps to take to help you speak up. Decide what you would like to say to that person. Write it down. Practice saying it in front of a mirror. Or, practice saying it with your parent or another person. Keep practicing until you feel like you can say it to that person. You will feel better if you can stand up for yourself and what you believe. Now go stand up for yourself! Revised as of 28 January 03 You’re Not the Boss of Me! Assertiveness looks like a big word, but it’s easy and important for you to understand. It means that you can defend your beliefs and take care of yourself. You have a right to take up for your beliefs, feelings, thoughts and opinions. You need to develop skills in order to do this. Can you do any of the following? • Are you able to refuse doing things that aren’t right? • When you don’t agree with someone are you able to speak up and share your views? • Can you avoid things that will hurt you? • Can you avoid letting other people influence your decisions? • Do you have confidence in your own judgment? • Do you ask for help when you need it? Here are some steps to help you stand up for yourself: 1. Decide what you want to change and believe in your rights. (For example: A friend is always telling you what to do.) 2. Describe to the other person involved, the situation as you see it. Be specific. (“You’re always bossing me.”) 3. Describe why you feel as you do using an “I” statement. Be firm, strong, look at the person and be sure of yourself. (“I feel irritated because I can take care of myself.”) 4. Describe changes you’d like made. Be specific about what actions should stop and what should start. Be reasonable and willing to make changes in return. (“I want you to stop always telling me what to do, and instead, ask me what I’d like to do.”) Now, pick a situation that you want to change. It could be with a friend or with someone in your family. Maybe someone hurts your feelings when they tease you, or maybe someone is bullying you. Go through the four steps. You might want to practice with another person, your pet or a stuffed animal. Remember, you have the right to be who you want to be! Revised as of 28 January 03 Planting Seeds to Independence What kind of person are you going to become? Think about words that describe who you are now and who you want to become as you become more independent. Write those words on the lines in the soil. Some examples could be dependable, helpful or fair. ___________________________ ___________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________ ____________________ _____________________________________________ _________________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________ ____________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 A Skeleton of My Former Self Independence is when you are able to take care of yourself. You are able to plan and make important decisions for yourself, and you can make those decisions without falling apart or depending on others to bail you out emotionally. You are courteous, honest and respectful of yourself and others. You are willing to take responsibility for your feelings, thoughts and actions. You rely on others for help when necessary, but do not cling to other people. I used to crawl now I run races. I used to coo now I read reports. I used to want to always get my own way - now I’m patient. I used to have to be first - now I wait my turn. Fill in the table below to find out more of your strengths. Before My Mom used to have to wake me up. Revised as of 28 January 03 Now Now I get up and get dressed for school on my own. Responsibility Do you know what it means to be responsible? It means that you can be depended upon and can handle the results of your actions. Are you a responsible person? Ask yourself the following questions to help you find out. Write your answers on the lines. Do you quit when you are not doing well? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Always keep trying. Do you control your temper or do you throw things, scream or hit when you don’t get your way? ____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Always control yourself. Wait your turn, and show courtesy and good manners. Are you a good loser? __________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Win with grace. Don’t brag when you win or make excuses when you lose. Take pride in how you play the game, not just whether you win. Always remember the importance of not harming others by words or actions. Everyone has a right to meet his or her own needs. Revised as of 28 January 03 Go For It! Self-Actualization means working to reach your goals and being eager to follow your dreams. It means knowing what you want to do in life and caring about improving yourself. Work on skills in order to know who you are and in order to have a full life. Sometimes it takes courage to try a new skill because you are afraid you might fail or be embarrassed. Try being a risk taker. Pick a skill you’d like to develop. It could be something as simple as being a better listener or being on time. It could be something harder, like volunteering answers in class. Use the flowchart below to help you. Each time you practice your skill, write it in the next box. Be a confident goal setter – you can do it! Example: “Being On Time” Today I was ready to leave for school when the bus arrived. 4. 5. 1. 6. 2. 7. 3. Good Job! Revised as of 28 January 03 Seeing Through Different Eyes It is important to be aware of just how many different ways people can view situations. Read the following and think about how differently people can react to an event. It’s Thanksgiving Day. The power suddenly goes off. Mom is frustrated. She has been cooking all day and the turkey is only half done, the vegetables need heated and the guests will be arriving soon. Dad is furious. He was watching football. His team was ready to score a touchdown that would put them ahead to win the game. Sister is relieved. She was helping in the kitchen and is tired of “wasting” her day cooking. She wanted to get back to a book she was reading. Brother is glad. He hasn’t been able to play video games because of the football game. Now no one can use the TV. The same event is seen through different eyes. How could different people view the following events? Pick one of the following events and write down how you would react. r A snowstorm hits the town in the middle of the day. r The fire alarm goes off. r The swim team loses the state swim meet. Think of more events and how different people see them differently. Revised as of 28 January 03 Do You Care? Do you care about the needs and feelings of others? In each of the situations below, choose the answer that shows concern for the feelings of others. 1. A small girl is crying because she is lost in the store. You… a. take her home with you. b. yell for her parents. c. tell her to stay where she is until her parents come to find her. d. stay with her until her parents or some responsible adult comes. 2. Your friend’s grandfather is dying of cancer. You… a. tell her that her grandfather will be all right. b. tell her about the time your Mom broke her wrist and how hard it was on the family. c. spend time with her so she knows you are available when she needs someone. d. tell her you are glad to help in any way you can as long as it isn’t during cheerleading practice or Saturday. 3. Your friend, Jeff, missed catching the ball and the kids are laughing at him. You… a. laugh, but quietly. b. hit the kids who are laughing at him. c. tell Jeff you’ve missed catching the ball and it’s no big deal. d. tell Jeff he can have someone coach him. 4. The new boy at school doesn’t have friends yet. You… a. stare at him when you pass in the hall, but you don’t speak. b. go up to him and invite him to sit with you at lunch. c. whisper about him with your friends. d. wait for him to speak first. 5. Your friend says his backpack is too heavy. You… a. suggest he carry some of the items in his arms. b. offer to help. c. suggest he leave something out. d. tell him “too bad.” If you chose the following answers you are a person who can put yourself in another person’s place, realize how they feel, and then show that person understanding. (1. d, 2. c, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b) Revised as of 28 January 03 Speak Kindly Words that people speak are like drops of water; they can soak into the soil and help flowers grow. Unkind words can hurt people’s feelings. Just like flowers being watered, kind words help people be pleasant to each other. Think of good thoughts and kind actions to write on the flowers below. One is done for you. Revised as of 28 January 03 Are You Barking Up the Right Tree? NO! Calls out answers Forgets homework Bosses people Knocks books out of people’s hands Doesn’t put up dirty dishes Shoves Doesn’t complete class work Doesn’t make bed Doesn’t pick up clothes Doesn’t pick up after self Doesn’t brush teeth Is always late Bugs people Doesn’t stop when asked Stuffs food in mouth Litters Takes things Talks loudly YES! Listens in class Doesn’t talk out of turn Always does homework Follows rules Helps classmates Doesn’t litter Helps around house Makes bed Brushes teeth Picks up clothes Puts away belongings Is always on time Takes out garbage Washes car Does what told Keeps clean Stops when asked Uses quiet voice Maybe you are not as responsible a person as you could be. If you act like the “NO” column you might not be trying very hard to get along in your world. Remember, you are the one responsible for your actions. It might be time to start changing some of your behaviors. Not all at once - start with one and go from there. Being more responsible will make you feel better about yourself and make you a better citizen. List below some things about yourself that you need to change. __________________________________________________________________________ Which one will you start with first? ____________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Opening Doors To Friendship Friends are important in making us feel good about ourselves. You can never have enough friends. You also need to be a good friend. Think about the things you like about the friends you have and write them in the boxes under the doors. For example, “He always says to me, ‘Good try’ when I miss the basket during our games”, or “She always notices when I’m wearing something new.” Revised as of 28 January 03 Friendship Chain Do you know what it means to be a friend? A friend is a person who knows and likes another person. Are you a good friend? Would you like to be a better friend? Think about your friends and what you like about them. Then do the activity below. This activity is about all of your friends, not just your close friends. That includes classmates, neighbors, cousins, any adult or child that you can call a friend. You will need construction paper, scissors, glue and markers or crayons. Cut your construction paper into strips. You will need one for each of your friends. On one side of each strip, write the name of a friend. For each friend you can use different colors and even certain colors. You can put the name of your friends on a strip of their favorite color. On the other side of the strip, write what you like about that person. Make a chain by forming one color strip into a circle and gluing the ends together. Next, take another color strip, loop it through the strip you just made and glue it so that you are making a chain. You might want to do this activity with a friend. Even if you are shy and don’t have many friends, you can do this activity. You will probably find out that you have more friends than you thought. Did you find out you knew more about your friends than you thought? Did you find you had more friends than you thought? Did you find some qualities that you would like to have in yourself? Revised as of 28 January 03 Choices For the next few days, pay close attention to your actions. Write down things you say and do that are responsible actions. Also, write down things you say or do that you realize are not responsible actions. Action I throw my clothes on the floor instead of putting them in the hamper._____ Responsible? __No________________________________________________ Reactions of Others My Mom gets upset and fusses.____________________ I Learned I disappoint my Mom and feel badly about what I did._______________ Action __________________________________________ Responsible? _____________________________________ Reactions of Others _______________________________ I Learned _______________________________________ Action __________________________________________ Responsible? _____________________________________ Reactions of Others _______________________________ I Learned _______________________________________ Action __________________________________________ Responsible? _____________________________________ Reactions of Others _______________________________ I Learned _______________________________________ Action __________________________________________ Responsible? _____________________________________ Reactions of Others _______________________________ I Learned _______________________________________ Action __________________________________________ Responsible? _____________________________________ Reactions of Others _______________________________ I Learned _______________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Get Real! Read the following story to help you learn more about facing and handling situations that cause worry. Kevin will be going to a new school in September. He has worried about it all summer. He is concerned about meeting new teachers and students. Kevin is smart and has made some plans to make the first day easier. He has memorized a map of the school and has also decided to try to imagine the first day. He’s going to use all of his senses and thinks of all the details he can in order to make himself feel more comfortable. He begins by imagining walking into the school and what it feels like to have everyone look at him because they don’t know him. He notices that the school smells fresh and clean. He pictures saying “hi” to the first boy who looks like he could be in the same grade. He imagines going into the classroom and looking around. The side of the room with the windows looks sunny and inviting to him, and a friendly-looking boy is sitting there. While he sits waiting for class to begin he feels the warm sun on his back and hears the rustle of paper and quiet voices of friends greeting each other. Soon some of the kids began asking him about himself. Kevin imagines they would ask him his name and where he used to live. He imagines asking one of his classmates if he can sit beside him at lunch. By picturing what the first day might be like, Kevin is not as afraid. He is realizing that it won’t be as bad as he felt. Try to visualize some situations yourself by completing the table below. Write or draw what you imagine. Use as many of your senses as you can. Visualize Making a foul shot Write Speaking up in class The ball feels cool. My hands feel clammy. I look at the hoop and focus on the place where I want the ball to hit. I relax myself and shoot the ball. Reading a report in front of the class Being the last one picked for a team Revised as of 28 January 03 Draw Choosing Between Two Things Have you ever been in a situation where you had to choose between two things and couldn’t make up your mind? Think about a time when you had to choose one thing over another because you couldn’t do both. Maybe you wanted to buy two toys and only had money for one, or maybe you were invited to go to two places at the same time. Think about it for a few minutes and then answer the following questions. How did you feel about giving up the thing you didn’t choose? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ How is making a decision like taking a chance? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ If you had it to do over, would you make the same decision? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Is the best choice for one person the best choice for everyone? Why? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Flexibility Do you know what it means to be flexible? It means you are able to adjust to various changes. Read the story below to see how the members of one family adjust to a change in their plans. Marla’s family was watching a movie together. They didn’t get to see the end. Something went wrong with the set and the picture disappeared. The family adapted to their change in plans by playing a board game. Instead of letting a problem ruin their fun, the members of this family found other ways to have a good time. See how well you are able to adjust to changes. Read the following statements and underline your choice. You have a. b. c. been placed in a work group with kids you don’t like. You… try hard to work well with them. get annoyed because all of your friends are all together in another group. don’t put forth a lot of effort. Your school basketball team is losing by 40 points. You… a. cheer as loudly as you can. b. cheer for the other team. c. sit quietly and do nothing. You and your friend are meeting to watch the school basketball game together. You’ve been waiting for 15 minutes and the game is about to begin. You… a. wait 5 more minutes and then go on in. b. go call your friend. c. go into the game and then call her that night to let her know how angry you are. If you chose “a” for each of your answers, you are well on your way to being a flexible person. Revised as of 28 January 03 Solving Problems Discussion Group Objectives: Identify meaning of conflict and practice solving conflict. Materials: Chalkboard and chalk or chart paper and marker. Procedures: 1. Write the word “conflict” on the board and ask the children for the definition. Make sure they understand that it is a disagreement between two or more people. 2. Ask the children to help list words they think of when they hear the word “conflict”. List the words. 3. Have the children help put the list of words into negative and positive word lists. 4. Use the following ideas to guide a group discussion. a. Why do you think there are more negative words than positive? b. Have someone describe a conflict they’ve had. Have them determine if it was positive or negative. c. Have someone describe a conflict that ended in a way where the results changed for the better and everyone involved felt good at the end. Use the following situations for discussion in order to practice using conflict resolution. Jenny was being called names and teased by classmates. She didn’t like it and was starting to not want to go to school. What are some things she can do to get control of this situation? Bobby and his sister are always arguing over whose turn it is to play the video game. Bobby feels like he is not getting a fair share. He is frustrated and wants to take care of this problem. What would you suggest he might do? Jeremy and Jason are playing on the same baseball team. They both want to be the pitcher. They end up shouting at each other. What can they do to resolve this? Revised as of 28 January 03 The Lucky Five How would you solve this problem? Everyone likes to get up a game of kickball when the classes go out to the playground after lunch. Kelly’s best friend, Mandy, is not a great player. Mandy is usually picked last. Kelly understands that the captains of each team want the best players, but it really makes her feel badly to see her friend suffer because she is the very last one chosen. Kelly has decided to do something about it. She feels like there needs to be a way for the worst players to not feel scared they will stand out. She comes up with a plan and the next day she tells all of the kids about it as they gather to choose sides. Kelly suggests that the last five people not chosen get to pick on which team they want to play. She is ready to point out that this way everyone will feel like they are important to the team. Do you think this was a good solution? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Would you try it with your friends? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Can you think of a better solution? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Relax Before You Break Do you feel tired? Does your stomach hurt or your head ache? You may be feeling stressed. One of the best things you can do to handle stress is to exercise. You can use any kind of movement to help get stress out of your muscles. You can play ball or jog. Just moving your arms up and down or rolling your shoulders back and forth can help you feel less stressed. You can even do these sitting in a chair or at your desk. Try some breathing exercises. Close your eyes and sit up straight. As you inhale deeply, slowly count to yourself one, two. Hold your breath on three, and then let the air out for four and five. Hold your breath again, six, seven. Repeat three more times, then open your eyes. Revised as of 28 January 03 Blowing Bubbles Do you sometimes find that thinking of something you are soon going to have to do or face makes you feel tense? Maybe you are worried about the first day of school, or maybe you have been assigned to a group at school and you dread being with these particular students. Perhaps you didn’t play well in your last game and now you are dreading the upcoming game. The key is to find a way to calm you. Here are some activities that may help you relax and get through these stressful events. • You can think of some phrases to help you get through these stressful events. Here are some examples: “I am in a safe place.” “It’s okay to feel this way.” “That was before, this is now.” “I can get help if I need it.” “I can get through this.” “There is no danger at the moment.” • You can find a small pebble to carry in your pocket. When you need help to feel calm, put your hand in your pocket and hold your pebble. You can even make your pebble into a “pet rock” by using paint or markers. Here are some “pet rock” ideas you might use: Ladybug Bee Car Dog Owl Flower • Get your mind on something else. Blow bubbles Watch a funny movie Call up a friend Skip Go visit someone Jump rope Revised as of 28 January 03 Treat Yourself! Do you pout or throw temper tantrums when you don’t get your way? Pick one of your bad habits that you would like to change. An example would be accepting the answer “no” from your parents. That means not arguing, pouting, screaming, or making a scene. Set a time limit, like two weeks, for you to change this habit. Every time you are able to quietly accept the answer “‘no,” color the next scoop on the ice cream cone. Don’t worry if you slip up. Just keep trying. Have you done a good job of changing this bad habit? If so, celebrate your success by rewarding yourself to an ice cream cone. Now pick another bad habit and try doing the same thing. Revised as of 28 January 03 Lifesavers Do you ever react to a situation before you give yourself time to think and then regret your reaction? Here are some examples: • You bought a video game you weren’t planning to buy and then regretted doing it because now you didn’t have money to buy your parent’s birthday present. • Maybe you shoved someone because they were teasing you. You regret it because it was the wrong thing to do and now you are in trouble. You realize you could have reacted in a better way, using words to describe your feelings instead of action. • You are watching a special movie. It has 30 minutes left and your Dad comes in and says the family is all going out to dinner. You start yelling and stomping. You are sorry you acted that way because now no one is going to enjoy eating out, your Mom has to cook, and you are grounded to your room for the rest of the day. Do you react to situations too quickly by hitting or raising your voice? If you do and would like to start breaking the habit, try this idea. Buy a roll of candy. Focus on pausing and thinking before you react. Every time you are successful, reward yourself with a “lifesaver”. Revised as of 28 January 03 Positive Thinking You probably have things about yourself you wish you could change. Some of those things can be changed and some can’t. You don’t have to feel unhappy about the things you can’t change. Remember, negative feelings are caused by negative thoughts. The easiest way to stop feeling miserable is to change thoughts about the thing that is bothering you. Instead of feeling bad or embarrassed, choose one of two things. 1. Change the things about yourself that bother you. 2. Change your thoughts about yourself you don’t like. What could you do in each of these situations? Write down what you could do to change your feelings to positive ones. 1. You like the color of your best friend’s hair and wish yours was the same color. ________________________________________________________ 2. You are sensitive about your weight (too fat or too thin). ________________________________________________________ 3. You are short and think that people pick on short people. ________________________________________________________ 4. You think you are not good in sports because you’re always the last one chosen for teams. ________________________________________________________ 5. You think your nose is too big. ________________________________________________________ 6. You are shy and would like to make friends more easily, but you have trouble going up to other kids and starting a conversation. ________________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03 Put On a Happy Face Do you want to feel happy? Focus on positive thoughts rather than negative. Here are examples of positive and negative ways of looking at a situation. Situation: A large family Negative It’s never quiet. Everyone has more responsibilities. Everyone has to share the toys and games. Everyone has to wait their turn for their parents’ attention. Positive It’s never lonely. There’s always plenty of help with homework. There’s always someone to play a board game. Someone will always stick up for you. A person thinking positive thoughts about being in a large family is a person who is having a much happier life than a person thinking negative thoughts. Now you can practice being a positive-thinker. Think of a situation that is hard for you. Write down positive and negative things about it. Positives ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Negatives ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ Now, focus on the positive – put on a “Happy Face” Revised as of 28 January 03 Keys To Happiness It is important to be happy. Unlock the door to your happiness. Focus on the things and feelings that make you happy and write them down in the boxes below. Some examples of words to use are “joy” and “fun.” Revised as of 28 January 03 Let a Smile Be Your Umbrella Just like an umbrella protects you from the rain, a smile can protect you from feeling unhappy. What do you think it would be like if you spent a whole day smiling? Try it! Spend tomorrow smiling! Before you go to bed, write down all the things that may have gone differently throughout the day because you smiled. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Revised as of 28 January 03
+Review Article
+Late Cardiac Effects of Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma
+Matasar M1* and Gupta D2
+1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, USA
+2Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, USA
+*Corresponding author: Matthew Matasar, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
+Published: 15 Jul, 2016
+Cite this article as: Matasar M, Gupta D. Late Cardiac Effects of Therapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Clin Oncol. 2016; 1: 1042.
+Abstract
+Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a leading cause of cancer among adolescents, and is often cured with
+chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation therapy. Awareness of potential adverse
+cardiovascular sequelae due to therapy is crucial. Radiation-induced heart disease can affect
+cardiovascular structures in the radiation field, and risks of cardiovascular damage can be further
+increased due to exposure to anthracycline chemotherapy. This review provides a broad overview
+of the etiology, clinical presentation, surveillance and clinical challenges associated with late
+cardiotoxicity in HL survivors.
+Keywords: Radiation-induced heart disease; Hodgkin lymphoma; Cancer survivors; Cardiotoxicity
+Introduction
+Advances in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have led to dramatic improvements
+in prognosis. Combination chemotherapy remains the standard of care for advanced stage HL,
+whereas the combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) is relevant in early stage or
+bulky HL. The use of limited radiation field (involved-field or involved-site RT, and reduction of
+mediastinal exposure with deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) may contribute to less late effects
+from treatment intended to maximie local control, and ongoing modifications to chemotherapy may
+improve cure while simultaneously reducing short- and long-term toxicity [1]. While improvement
+in therapy has led to a large and growing population of survivors of HL, these survivors unfortunately
+face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to late effects of their treatment.
+Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a broad term that encompasses the entire spectrum of cardiotoxicity due to radiation. While acute radiation toxicity can occur, such as acute pericarditis, late effects are common as well, generally demonstrates a latency of at least five to eight years following completion of mediastinal radiotherapy. HL survivors having received mediastinal radiotherapy are at an increased risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD), valvular dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, and sudden death [1-4]. Furthermore, anthracycline-based chemotherapy results in additive risk of cardiomyopathy and valvular dysfunction in patients with treated with both anthracycline and radiation [5].
+Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
+HL is an uncommon cancer, with fewer than 10,000 cases per year in the United States, but it remains the leading cause of cancer among adolescents, and among the ten most frequently diagnosed malignancies in childhood [6]. With contemporary chemotherapy and radiation therapies, 5-year survival rates now exceed 80%, and exceed 90% in early-stage disease. Cardiovascular disease is the leading nonmalignant cause of death in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors that received radiation therapy [1,2]. The aggregate incidence of RIHD is 10–30% within the first decade post-treatment [7]. Although cardiovascular complications can occur within the first 5 years, they usually appear in the second to third decade after radiation, with risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality rises continuously after eight years post-radiotherapy without plateau [1,3]. The key insult mediating radiation injury is believed to be endothelial damage, causing high oxidative stress, decrease in nitric oxide synthase, stimulation of growth factors, and eventual fibrosis [8]. At autopsy, coronary plaques in irradiated patients are more fibrous with lower lipid content than those in patients who are radiation naïve [9]. In addition, radiation directly affects the valvular and subvalvular apparatus, causing valvular thickening, retraction, and calcification [10]. While radiation therapy is the main cause of cardiovascular disease in HL survivors, anthracyclines potentiate myocardial toxicity by various mechanisms [11,12]. Both patient and treatment-related factors can influence the risk of treatment-induced cardiotoxicity. The total radiation dose (>30-35 Gy), the dose per fraction (>2 Gy), location and type of radiation field, and shielding techniques are important treatment determinants of risk following radiotherapy. Younger age at treatment, associated cardiac risk factors, and preexisting cardiac conditions are patient specific factors that increase risk of cardiotoxicity due to mediastinal radiotherapy. Germline polymorphisms in NAD(P)H oxidase and carbonyl reductase genes are associated with increased sensitivity to and risk of anthracyclineinduced cardiomyopathy; polymorphisms associated with risk of radiation-induced cardiac disease are yet to be characterized [13,14].
+Coronary Artery Disease
+Increased risk of premature coronary artery disease, a source of significant morbidity and mortality, has been consistently identified across studies of long-term HL survivors treated with mediastinal RT. Aleman et al. reported a 3.6 times increased incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in 1474 HL survivors at median follow up of 19 years compared to the general population [5]. Mediastinal radiotherapy increased the risks of MI and angina pectoris 2- to 5- fold. Ostial/proximal stenoses are typical for radiation-induced CAD, with a higher incidence of left main, right coronary and left anterior descending artery stenoses with relative sparing of the circumflex system. This may explain the observation that survivors are at as much as a 10-fold increased risk of death due to MI compared to the general population [1,3,15]. In a recent report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension, significantly increased the risk of adverse cardiac events in 10,724 long-term cancer survivors [15]. In patients with obstructive coronary disease requiring revascularization, both percutaneous and surgical intervention can be challenging. The limited data available in this patient population suggest a high rate of angiographic restenoses of bare metal stents, and no study has yet reported outcomes with newer generation drug-eluting stents [16]. Surgical revascularization is frequently limited by target vessel anatomy, mediastinal fibrosis, concomitant cardiopulmonary disease, and radiation damage leading to friable or fibrotic internal mammary arteries, compromising their suitability as grafts [17].
+Heart Failure
+Anthracycline chemotherapy can lead to acute or late-onset cardiomyopathy, the risk of which is a dose-dependent function [11]. The mechanism of injury remains a subject of controversy; while originally believed to be due to the formation of reactive oxygen species intramyocardially from redox reactions of anthracycline-iron complexes, cardiomyopathy has recently been linked to a range of alternative putative mechanisms, including cardiac stem-cell depletion and inhibition of neuregulin-1 [18,19]. Novel anthracyclines such as epirubicin and amrubicin, and anthracenediones such as mitoxantrone and pixantrone, have been and are in ongoing development in an effort to identify equally effective and less cardiotoxic agents. Acute anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy is an uncommon event in patients undergoing treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma, manifesting with signs and symptoms of acute dilated cardiomyopathy. Lateonset anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy occurs at least one year after the completion of therapy, although the latency is typically five years or longer. It usually manifests as congestive heart failure due to slowly progressive systolic and, less often, diastolic myocardial dysfunction. This progression from subclinical cardiac dysfunction to clinical heartfailure can have a prolonged latency period spanning decades in pediatric survivors, and can be difficult to diagnose in its initial stages [20,21]. Radiation induced cardiomyopathy is believed related to myocardial fibrosis, with resultant diastolic dysfunction and restrictive physiology. The presence of diastolic dysfunction is associated with stress-induced ischemia and a worse prognosis in this population [22]. Treatment with combined-modality treatment with both mediastinal radiation and anthracycline-based chemotherapy increased the risk of heart failure by 2.8 fold compared to mediastinal radiation alone [5]. The cumulative incidence of heart failure 25 years after combined radiation and anthracycline treatment for HL was 7.9 percent. There are currently no specific therapies for the management of heart failure due to radiation and/or anthracycline exposure. Data suggest a role for the use of beta-blockade or angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors, but further research is needed. Novel therapies, such as infusional neuregulin and mesenchymal stem cell transfer, are in the early stages of evaluation [12]. At this time, recommended medical and device therapy should be in accordance with American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines is recommended [23]. Promising insights from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study suggest a protective effect of exercise in HL survivors, and prospective evaluations of the protective effects of exercise are ongoing [24].
+Valvular Disease
+Valvular dysfunction due to radiation therapy is slowly progressive, with a predominance of regurgitant and left sided lesions. Heidenreich et al. [5] studied 294 asymptomatic HL survivors with prior mean mantle radiation dose of 43Gy, reporting a 34-fold higher age- and gender- adjusted risk for moderate or severe aortic regurgitation compared with the Framingham population. The degree of valvular dysfunction increased with time for all valves, but this trend was most appreciable for the aortic valve. After the second decade post therapy, 15% of HL survivors had moderate or severe aortic regurgitant lesions, and as many as 16% had aortic stenosis detected by echocardiography. Wethal et al. [11] reported moderate left sided regurgitant lesions in 31% of 116 HL survivors at a median follow up of 10 years following mediastinal radiotherapy. When re-evaluated at median follow up of 22 years, more than 90% of the patients without any abnormality at baseline had developed a new abnormality, and more than two-thirds of those with a known abnormality demonstrated progression or developed an additional new abnormality [10]. Exposure to anthracyclines may further increase the risk of valvulopathy from mediastinal radiotherapy [5]. Surgical management of significant valvular dysfunction is technically challenging due to anatomical limitations and comorbid conditions. In a report from Cleveland Clinic, patients with an extensive radiation history who underwent cardiac surgery had increased perioperative complications and a worse short and long term survival [25].
+Pericardial Disease
+Acute pericarditis has long been recognized as one of the most common early adverse consequences of mediastinal radiation therapy in the treatment of HL [26]. However, with contemporary radiation techniques, the incidence has declined several-fold, and currently fewer than five percent of patients treated with typical doses and fields will experience clinically evident acute pericarditis [27]. A fraction of these patients will go on to manifest subsequent pericardial sequelae such as constrictive or effusive-constrictive pericarditis as a late consequence [28]. There is no consensus on the optimal management of this rare sequela, although in the setting of recurrent effusions, subtotal pericardiectomy is often considered, and may reduce the risk of subsequent constriction [29].
+Conduction System Disease
+Brady and tachyarrhythmias particularly right bundle branch block, prolonged QT interval and ventricular and atrial ectopy have been reported in irradiated patients, although conduction abnormalities were more commonly seen in the context of broader fields, higher doses, and less sophisticated radiation simulation techniques [30]. Guideline-concordant antiarrhythmic or device therapy is routinely considered for severe and/or symptomatic conduction system disease following radiotherapy.
+Surveillance
+Although intuitive, the true efficacy of screening remains unclear in this high-risk group due to a paucity of evidence showing that medical intervention based on screening results impacts long- term cardiac outcomes. Several scientific organizations, including National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the Children’s Oncology Group (COG), have issued recommendations regarding long term follow up in HL survivors, including screening for adverse cardiovascular sequelae (Table 1) [31,32]. The COG recommends surveillance transthoracic echocardiograms at varying frequency (1-5 years) in various patient subsets depending on the age at treatment, radiation and anthracycline dose, as well as consideration of cardiology consultation to screen for coronary artery disease 5-10 years post treatment. Adverse cardiovascular sequelae in HL survivors are a significant cause of long-term morbidity and mortality. An individualized surveillance and aggressive risk-reduction strategy is best in this vulnerable population. Guidance should be sought from the consensus documents that incorporate expert opinions and provide clinically meaningful roadmaps to management. Lastly, development of therapeutic strategies devoid of cardiotoxicity will ultimately be the most effective strategy to prevent cardiac complications in HL survivors.
+References
+- Mazzola R, Giaj Levra N, Alongi F. The issue of late cardiac toxicity is not new in the setting of irradiation for thoracic malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2016; 66: 7840.
+--2108.
+-: 206-214.
+- Heidenreich PA, Hancock SL, Lee BK, Mariscal CS, Schnittger I. Asymptomatic cardiac disease following mediastinal irradiation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003; 743-749.
+--1886.
+- Ward E, DeSantis C, Robbins A, Kohler B, Jemal A. Childhood and adolescent cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin. 2014; 64: 83-103.
+-: 3991-4008.
+- Hatoum OA, Otterson MF, Kopelman D, Miura H, Sukhotnik I, Larsen BT, et al. Radiation induces endothelial dysfunction in murine intestinal arterioles via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology. 2006; 26: 287-294.
+- Brosius FC, Waller BF, Roberts WC. Radiation heart disease. Analysis of 16 young necropsy patients who received over 3,500 rads to the heart. Am J Med. 1981; 70: 519-530.
+- Wethal T, Lund MB, Edvardsen T, Fossa SD, Pripp AH, Holte H, et al. Valvular dysfunction and left ventricular changes in hodgkin's lymphoma survivors. A longitudinal study. Br J Cancer. 2009; 101: 575-581.
+- Singal PK, Iliskovic N. Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 1998; 339: 900-905.
+-.
+- Armenian SH, Ding Y, Mills G, Sun C, Venkataraman K, Wong FL, et al. Genetic susceptibility to anthracycline-related congestive heart failure in survivors of haematopoietic cell transplantation. Br J Haematol. 2013; 163: 205-213.
+--1421.
+- Armstrong GT, Oeffinger KC, Chen Y, Kawashima T, Yasui Y, Leisenring W, et al. Modifiable risk factors and major cardiac events among adult survivors of childhood cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2013; 31: 3673-3680.
+- Schomig K, Ndrepepa G, Mehilli J, Pache J, Kastrati A, Schomig A. Thoracic radiotherapy in patients with lymphoma and restenosis after coronary stent placement. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions. official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions. 2007; 70: 359-365.
+- Van Son JA, Noyez L, van Asten WN. Use of internal mammary artery in myocardial revascularization after mediastinal irradiation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992; 104: 1539-1544.
+--292.
+- Fukazawa R, Miller TA, Kuramochi Y, Frantz S, Kim YD, Marchionni MA, et al. Neuregulin-1 protects ventricular myocytes from anthracycline-induced apoptosis via erbB4-dependent activation of PI3-kinase/Akt. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2003; 35: 1473-1479.
+-: 4517-4522.
+- Shan K, Lincoff AM, Young JB. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125: 47-58.
+- Heidenreich PA, Hancock SL, Vagelos RH, Lee BK, Schnittger I. Diastolic dysfunction after mediastinal irradiation. Am Heart J. 2005; 150: 977-982.
+- Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner JR, et al. 2013 accf/aha guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the american college of cardiology 128.
+- Jones LW, Liu Q, Armstrong GT, Ness KK, Yasui Y, Devine K, et al. Exercise and risk of major cardiovascular events in adult survivors of childhood hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2014; 32: 3643-3650.
+- Chang AS, Smedira NG, Chang, CL, Benavides MM, Myhre U, Feng J, et al. Cardiac surgery after mediastinal radiation: Extent of exposure influences outcome. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. 2007; 133: 404-413.
+- Schweizer E. Über spezifische röntgenschädigungen des herzmuskels. Strahlentherapie.1924; 18: 812-828.
+- Carmel RJ, Kaplan HS. Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. An analysis of technique, tumor eradication, and complications. Cancer. 1976; 37: 2813-2825.
+- Hancock EW. Subacute effusive-constrictive pericarditis. Circulation. 1971; 43: 183-192.
+- Clare GC, Troughton RW. Management of constrictive pericarditis in the 21st century. Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med. 2007; 9: 436-442.
+--77.
+- Children’s Oncology Group. Long-term follow-up guidelines for survivors of childhood, a.a.y.a.c. Version 3.0. Arcadia, CA: Children's Oncology Group; O. A. o-l. Long-term follow-up guidelines for survivors of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancers, version 3.0. Arcadia, CA: Children's Oncology Group. 2008.
+- Hoppe RT, Advani RH, Ai WZ, Ambinder RF, Aoun P, Bello CM, et al. Hodgkin lymphoma, version 2.2012 featured updates to the nccn guidelines. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. JNCCN. 2012; 10: 589-597.
+This session was the second in the year and was held in the Courthouse Oughterard on the 14th October for the barony of Moycullen. It gives a very clear picture of the condition of the people, the need for food and public works in the barony at the end of the first full year of famine.
+Like the April session this one was held under the Labour Act. The magistrate, landlords and clergy from every townland assembled in large numbers to decide the public works and food necessary for the poor. The assembly was so great that not only was the Courthouse crowded but several thousand of the peasantry thronged the streets outside.
+The ‘Galway Mercury’ reported that long before the hour of the meeting that there was an immense gathering of the peasantry on the public works, within half a mile of the village of Oughterard. They made loud and bitter complaints of their hardship because of the wages now remaining unpaid after three weeks. When the meeting began a very intelligent labourer rose out of the side gallery and informed the assembly of the deplorable suffering of many of the poor labourers who had not received their wages for three weeks. He said that the price of provisions was too high to enable them to earn enough on this task work. Mr. O’ Flahertie, Knockbane assured them that they would be paid regularly once a week from then on. Mr. Robert Martin, Ross House, the Chairman said that they had assembled for the purpose of procuring food and employment for the people of the barony of Moycullen. He complimented them on their good conduct when other parts of the country were disturbed.
+Census 1841
+Mr O’Flahertie of Knockbane said that the census of 1841gave the population of the barony at 22,445. There were only about 3,000 who would not require relief. They would have to make provisions for 20,000 who needed it for 8 months at least. This would require 3,200 tons of meal at £10 a ton so that £3200 would have to be raised in taxation from the barony. The provision of food was an absolute necessity in the present emergency.
+A sum of £500 from each electoral division should be expended on the road from Oughterard to Costello Bay and from Deerfield to Ower and from Knock to Lettermore. Mr. John O Connor made an appeal for the people of Garumna and Killeen and other places on the coast who seemed to be overlooked at the meeting. They were paying £100 per annum for the last 30 years in tax for the public roads and not one perch of a road was constructed in the district. Mr. Martin, the chairman, said that a sum of money remained on hand for their employment.
+Fr. O’ Grady P.P. Spiddal complained that though the works had resumed for the past fortnight the men did not receive any wages due to the neglect of the overseer. ‘This was to be put right,’ Mr. O Flahertie said. Food was an absolute necessity and he requested the Lord Lieutenant to establish a Food Depot at Oughterard and Lettermore for the sale of Indian meal to the people at a reasonable price, as many of the poorer districts were 20-30 miles from the nearest market. Some of the people who cried out for food and employment were addressed in English and Irish by Rev. Glynn and Fahy who told them what the magistrate intended doing for their relief.
+A deputation of T.B. Martin, Robert Marin, Anthony O Flahertie was appointed to meet the Lord Lieutenant in Dublin to obtain all the aid they could from the government. The leader of the delegation, Robert Martin, said that if their efforts were unsuccessful, he trusted the people would bear the disappointment with patient resignation. The meeting ended in the most peaceable manner.
+Deputation in Dublin Castle
+On the 4th November the deputation met the Lord Lieutenant in Dublin and laid before him the state of the western district of Galway. The Lord Lieutenant told them that he would give orders that works that had commenced should be completed and the works presented to the sessions should proceed as soon as possible. As to the food depots he could make no promise that they would be reopened as they could interfere with the trade in the country.
+The government only sanctioned a small amount of public works presented for at the barional sessions. Of the £46,295 presented for the barony of Moycullen up to the 10th December 1846 £12,441 was recommended by the government. Of the 234 works presented only 53 were recommended by the government.
+The Condition of the People December 1846
+Public Works: The relief works were suspended for a period of harvest work and were slow getting started again in the barony of Moycullen. Rev Robert Browne complained about the way the works were being conducted by Henry Clements the Co. Surveyor at Lemonfield, Oughterard. In September/ October he said Clements had dispensed with so much of the work at a time when the people were in such need of employment. Clements said that further works in the area would be a waste of public money. It was well known that abuses existed on the public works schemes and those most in need did not always get the work. Letters from Dr. Kirwan and J. F.O’Flahertie and Robert Martin show that there was not a fair distribution of labour among the most destitute in the Oughterard parish and the barony of Moycullen.
+Number Employed
+The average daily number employed on the road works during the week ending 7th November 1846 were:
+5,405 able bodied labourers
+33 women
+27 boys – a total of 5,465
+In spite of those official numbers conditions continued to worsen during the winter months of 1846. Many were starving and more ominously deaths began to be reported from all parts of the barony even in areas where there were public works.
+Employment and Food
+The issues of the shortage of food and the need for more employment were the two key issues and were constantly highlighted in letters to Dublin Castle and the local press. Food prices had risen drastically. By October Indian corn or maize had risen to £14 a ton and a few weeks later it rose to £18. It had roughly doubled from August to December 1846. All other foods potatoes, oatmeal, flour and wheat also increased in price during the same period. The high prices of food and the peoples hunger was highlighted by the pensioners of Oughterard who wrote to the Lord Lieutenant in Dublin Castle October 23rd. Their pension did not exceed 6d or 9d a day and their families were in great want and some in a state of starvation due to the high prices of provisions. Potatoes were 9d a stone when they could be procured, and meal 4d a quart. They appealed for relief as they were in urgent distress.
+The reply of Sir Randolph Routh from Dublin Castle to Rev Robert Browne, Glebe, Oughterard was that the local relief committee had the duty of providing employment for the pensioners requiring relief.
+Moycullen
+Fr. Pat Fahy P.P. wrote in his diary on 26th October that nothing was being done for the people although they were on the verge of starvation. £40,000 had been allocated for the barony at the special session at Oughterard for the employment of the people but he feared that it would not meet the call of the people. No excesses had been committed by the people despite their desperate condition… they were living in small cabins their dinners unfit for the uses of pigs and Indian corn 15shillings a cwt and labour per day and average of 9d on relief works. The landlords to their discredit were calling for their rents. Several deaths from starvation had already taken place.
+Killannin
+Fr. James. T. Glynn wrote to T. H. Redington at Dublin Castle on the 1st November outlying the condition of his parish. Women were coming to him imploring work on the bog roads when their men folk were sick. The men had to wait sometimes for three week for them to be paid and were not paid weekly as directed by the Lord Lieutenant. He concluded that ‘a more peaceable people are not under the British Crown. Yet law and order and property cannot be much longer maintained unless immediate employment is provided and food depots opened for the pressing needs of this sequestered loyalty.”
+Castlekirk
+John Price Blake J. P., Castlekirk wrote to Sir R. J. Routh, Dublin Castle on the 2nd November for Indian meal for the Maam district. He said that there was no possibility for purchasing any food in that mountainous district nor can it be had nearer than Galway, a distance of 25 Irish miles. Oatmeal cost £20 a ton and flour from £24 to £27 a ton. How little can a poor labourer procure from his wages even if he works every day of the week? Every kind of grain, flour and meal was double the price it had been the previous year.
+Sir R. Routh’s reply on the 17th November was that there was a sub-depot at Oughterard from where Maam could be supplied by water without difficulty – a distance of about 8miles.
+Spiddal, Lettermore and Garumna
+Rev John Cather, Protestant rector wrote to Sir R. Routh on the 24th October and said that utter destitution prevailed throughout the district and the funds for the Lettermore relief committee were exhausted. He called for gratuitous free relief for the aged, sick, orphans and for the extension of the public works. The reply was that there were no funds from the government for gratuitous relief and that he should apply to the Board of Works for further public works. Rev Cather wrote again to Sir R. Routh on December 22nd and requested a food depot for Lettermore island. He said that large numbers of men on the public works were forced to purchase oatmeal at 3d a stone from local retailers and they would lose nearly a week’s wages by going to the nearest market in Galway a distance of 30 miles for food. There was no reply to this letter.
+Carraroe and Killeen
+Rev. P. Horan wrote to the Galway Vindicator on the 9th November and again on the 19th. He said that destitution to an alarming extent was daily increasing in his district. The people of the parish had to carry sand and weed on their bare backs in baskets into the mountains. There were 1,300 families in the locality and scarcely 30 of them that did not need employment on the public works as a means of support at present. He called on the government to establish a food depot at Kileen and Lettermullen coastguard station because of its distance from Galway. The reply was that the government did not intend to base a depot in the area and that the local relief committee should provide a supply of food.
+Spiddal
+Rev. John O’Grady P.P. Spiddal wrote to the Galway Vindicator on the 25th November stating that the starving people working on the relief works in his parish district had not been paid for the last 10 – 12 days and the paymaster was no where to be found. This was not the first time this had happened. He had 400 families in the parish and with the exception of 10 or 12 they needed food and constant employment or hundreds would starve by Christmas. 2000 souls depended on the regularity of the paymaster to come every week from Galway
+Deaths From Starvation
+With the total failure of the potato crop in July and August deaths were reported from different parts of the barony of Moycullen. The first report of a death was by Rev. John O’Grady P.P. Spiddal on the 3rd June. Two of his parishioners had died from starvation, both leaving wives and helpless children without any means of subsistence.
+On the 7th of September a report from Oughterard stated that some had died from extreme want.
+On the 14th November Fr. Kenny P.P. Spiddal and Minna reported the death by starvation of Thomas Malone employed on the road from Costello Bay to Oughterard. He dropped dead when he was returning from work near his own cabin, leaving a wife and six children. He had to walk to work each morning a distance of 6 miles and the same in the evening on a scanty meal. At an inquest held in Spiddal the jury returned a verdict of ‘Death from Starvation.”
+On the 28th November the Galway Vindicator reported the deaths of two men – Thomas Carter and James Davin from the village of Pollough Killannin, both died from starvation as they were unable to get food or employment.
+On the 28th December Andrew Keane and John Folan, Spiddal died from want of sufficient food to support them. The coroner could not attend as he was engaged in another place on similar duty.
+Rev P. Fahy, Moycullen wrote in his diary on the 28th October that several deaths from starvation had already taken place.
+The week ending the 19th December 13 died in the Galway Workhouse.
+Public Works – Farming neglected
+During a tour inspection, General Milliken who was in charge of the food depot in Galway wrote to Sir R. Routh on the 8th December in Dublin Castle. He said that from the time he left Galway until he reached Clifden, he saw only two men at work on the land. At Oughterard there were about 300 men working on the roads – all waiting to be paid. They were all farmers or sons of farmers. They will not work on their own land while they can find other employment. Very little seed had been sown and scarcely any ground prepared for spring crops. He met several carts loaded with meal and other supplies which did not show the extreme want that he expected.
+Captain Hutcheson, Inspecting Officer Co. Galway reports on the barony of Moycullen on the 19th and 26th December. He saw that in the island of Lettermore the people had great difficulty in obtaining provisions at a fair price. Corn and every type of food is in the hands of one or two huxters and the difference is more than 25% above the market prices at Galway, a distance of 26 miles from them. A depot for the sale of meal would be the greatest possible benefit to the in habitants for obtaining corn meal at a fair price. The poorer classes have to carry the corn on their backs from Galway.
+Must the People Starve?
+The Galway Newspapers condemned the government for pursuing a policy of Free Trade and not controlling food prices, with the result that the people died of starvation. The Galway Vindicator in a powerful editorial on December 3rd described what had happened in the course of the year 1846. It repeated a similar editorial under the same title on the 24th October. The editor condemned the government policy of not interfering in the market trade or private enterprise. This allowed private speculators or merchants to make huge profits and charge exhorbitant prices for their goods at the expense of the poor people, who were starving and in dire need of the necessities of life. The people could not procure sufficient food to sustain themselves or their families. Food was at least double the price it had been twelve months before. The government had entered into a league with the private speculator, not to interfere in the food market and thus must be guilty of the murder of the people. This policy of the Whig government of Lord John Russell was called ‘Enlightened Political Economy’. The government food stores in Galway were kept closed while the people starved and they refused to stop the export of food out of the country and left everything to private enterprise.
+Add a comment about this page
+Amazon | Nuvantee Manual Ice Crusher - Rust-Proof Zinc ...
+Oct 11, 2018 · ...
+blade crusher construction - callthecook.biz
+blade crusher construction. Paladin Attachments. Eleven industry-leading brands with one united purpose To make the world's most powerful attachment tools. Paladin Attachments is your one source for maximum productivity. Portable Cutting and Crushing Tools. Heavy DutyManual or Electric Activation. The LSI 511V is a very rugged oversized cutter ...
+Crusher Blade | Wasgo Construction Engneers | Manufacturer ...
+Crusher Blade offered by Wasgo Construction Engneers, a leading supplier of Blades in Khadia, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The Company was incorporated in 1995 and is registered with IndiaMART. |
+...
+Construction
+Impact Crushers. H&L Mesabi is a proud representative of Hazemag® and their premier line of Impact Crushers, which are designed for primary, secondary, and tertiary soft rock crushing.
+Crushers — Carroll Equipment - Syracuse's Best Place For ...
+Back Aerators Box Blades Brush Hogs Discs Finish Mowers Plows Rear Blades Rototillers Salt and Sand Spreader York Rakes Wood Chippers ... Adjustable 1/2 Stationary Crusher Hitachi EX270 Komatsu PC300-3-6 John Deere JD270, JD220, JD790 JD230. 6,999.00 #2001 - Adjustable 1/2 Stationary Cat 320 Hitachi EX200 Komatsu 200.
+Home [hlmesabi]
+H&L Mesabi proudly serves Minnesota, Wisconsin and Upper Michigan as the premier custom wear specialist in construction, governmental and mining applications. Snow Plow Blades H&L Mesabi offers a variety of steel and carbide snow plow blades, plow shoes and curb guards.
+How to make Shredding Machine - Amazing DIY Machine ...
+Aug 20, 2018 · How to make Shredding Machine at home - Amazing DIY Machine Destroys Everything. Materials you need: 2 iron pillars 4 bearings 28 grinding gears
+Waring Pro IC70 Professional Stainless Steel Large ...
+Sep 17, 2013 · Not much to say about this item. It works as designed, though the ice can sometimes get stuck in the funnel. The springy rubber feet are nice as they keep the vibration and sound down. It's not ...
+Extreme Bulldozer Forest Clearance Equipment - Hug Mega ...
+Sep 09, 2018 · Extreme Bulldozer Forest Clearance Equipment - Hug Mega Machines - Forestry Mulcher Cutting forest clearing machinery, land clearing, brush clearing, land clearing equipment heavy bulldozer,forest ...
+Amazon | Segawe NEW ICE Crusher Maker Commercial ICE ...
+Costzon Electric Ice Crusher, Stainless Steel Ice Shaved Machine w/Large Ice Container, Suction Cups, Quick Heat Dissipation, for Party, Gathering, Home VIVOHOME 11 Inch Height Electric Dual Blades Ice Crusher Shaver Snow Cone Maker Machine Silver 143lbs/hr for Home and Commercial Use
+Innovee Home Manual Ice Crusher Demo - YouTube
+Aug 21, 2018 · I am a 72 year old man...this ice crusher is not difficult to use. Having recently tried another brand that was very unsatisfactory and returned it,
+Amazon | ZENY Electric Ice Shaver 300W 2000r/min w ...
+ZENY Electric Ice Shaver 300W 2000r/min w/Stainless Steel Blade Shaved Ice Snow Cone Maker Kitchen Machine (Orange) ... VIVOHOME Electric Dual Blades Ice Crusher Shaver Snow Cone Maker Machine Silver 143lbs/hr for Home and Commerical Use ... Rust-Proof Zinc Alloy Construction - Carbon Steel 430 Blade - Hand Crank Ice Grinder - Fine or Coarse ...
+Shears, Crushers & Pulverizers | Construction Equipment
+Shears, Crushers & Pulverizers Shears, Crushers & Pulverizers. play_circle_outline ... ALLU G Series Buckets. Sneller Machine Shredder. ALLU TS Technology for Drums Utilizes Blade Repositioning. Atlas Copco BC 2500, BC 3700 Bucket Crushers are an Alternative to Mobile Jaw Crushers. Genesis Attachments GDT Razer Demolition Tool for Excavators ...
+ALLU to display TS Blade Structure for Transformer ...
+ALLU Group will showcase its new TS Blade Structure for its Transformer screener crusher attachments at booth C-20326 located in the ConExpo 2020 Central Hall. (You can see more of what OEMs have ...
+Crusher, Concrete For Sale - 343 Listings ...
+Browse our inventory of new and used Crusher, Concrete For Sale near you at MachineryTrader. Page 5 of 14 Crusher, Concrete For Sale - 343 Listings | MachineryTrader - Page 5 of 14 You are currently being redirected to
+Hammer Crusher, Concrete For Sale - 7 Listings ...
+Browse our inventory of new and used Hammer Crusher, Concrete For Sale near you at MachineryTrader. Models include 11, FH18, RH20, RH40, and RK17. Page 1 of 1.
+IronWolf - Construction Equipment and Attachments
+The IronWolf Crusher is an attachment designed to mount on wheel and track loaders that enable superior mobility for a variety of construction, reclamation, mining and forestry applications. Learn More
+Mining - H&L Mesabi
+Trio TP Cone Crushers. H&L Mesabi is a proud representative of Weir Minerals and their Trio® high performance cone crushers, which are designed to handle primary, secondary, and tertiary hard rock crushing applications.
+Blade Mill Washer - Superior Industries.
+Mb Crusher, Concrete For Sale - 12 Listings ...
+Semco Group is a full-service heavy equipment sale and service organisation with locations in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Newcastle, Queanbeyan and Goulburn. BF70.2 crusher bucket crusher by MB for 16~24 tonne hydraulic excavators. Demolition, road construction, recycling. The BF70.2 crusher b...
+Amazon: Weston Apple and Fruit Crusher (05-0201), Cast ...
+Simply
+Cutting Edges - Dozer Blades, Loader Blades and Scraper Blades
+-All Scraper Blades & Routers are composed of Max Temp®/Thru-Hardened Steel (Rc 43-50). -Available in direct replacement OEM packages as well as Heavy Duty & Carbide Options. H&L Mesabi proudly serves Minnesota, Wisconsin and Upper Michigan as the premier custom wear specialist in construction, governmental and mining applications.
+...
+Blaine Minnesota - H&L Mesabi
+H & L Mesabi Company, Hibbing, Minnesota sells cutting edges, teeth, adapters, wear parts for construction equipment, such as dozers, loaders, uni-loaders, truck ...
+_45<<
+Key Points & Project Terms: Other Construction Equipment
+A crusher bucket is commonly attached to an excavator. Concrete Saw. This piece of equipment is comprised of a saw blade for cutting concrete on grade. These vary in size from a hand held saw, stand behind models to large vehicles. Crusher. A machine designed to reduce large rocks into smaller rocks, gravel, or rock dust.
+MB Crusher makes impression on Lebanon machinery market ...
+Nov 09, 2017 · However, due to MB Crusher’s robust construction, this is not as high a concern as it can be. The jaws and blades of MB Crushers are made of the finest grade Hardox steel – one of the toughest materials known to man, he adds. Despite this, should any problem arise, Amtrac is on hand to lend full support. Aggressive with support
+Amazon | Costzon Ice Shaver, Stainless Steel Electric ...
+【Sturdy Construction Built to Last】 Constructed by 201 stainless steel machine body, 430 stainless steel blades and thickened acrylic container, this snow cone machine features sharpen, highly transparent and unbreakable, can withstand many years of use.
+Wheel Loader Attachments – Craig Manufacturing
+Portable Cutting and Crushing Tools.
+Blade Crusher Supplier In Indonesia- LEMINE Mining machine ...
+Jun 12 2018 find wood crusher distributor company distributor supplier dealer products in indonesia we provide the most comprehensive and complete database in wood crusher indonesia only one the most complete reference in export dan import business dire,Blade crusher supplier in indonesia.
+.
+Crusher, Concrete For Sale - 343 Listings ...
+Browse our inventory of new and used Crusher, Concrete For Sale near you at MachineryTrader. Page 9 of 14
+Auctions at AuctionTime | Farm Equipment Auctions ...
+Used Farm Equipment, Construction Equipment, Truck & Trailer Auctions Every Wednesday at AuctionTime. Tractor Auctions, Dozer Auctions, Excavator Auctions, Backhoe Auctions, Semi
+Used Blade Crusher Mill for sale. Candela equipment & more ...
+2019 125 HP Blade Granulator 1010 x 700 mm cutting chamber. Manufacturer: Blade crusher Mill (2019) 125 HP Blade crusher mill 1010 x 700 mm cutting chamber 90Kw motor (125hp) Year 2019 Open rotor 1010 x 700 mm cutting chamber inclined cut electrical panel Conveyor belt
+Construction Equipment | Construction Machinery | JCB
+Crusher Buckets Earth Drills ... Snow Blade Stump Grinder ... ...
+- effect of stoppages in grinding mill
+- hematite physical properties
+- quarry dust in vertical concrete ehow
+- complete used liming hp 500 cone crusher plant sale
+- Iron Ore Benifiion Plant For Sale Solution For Mining Quarry
+- titanomagnetite ore hardness
+- gold mining smelting operations
+- Pulverizer Chinese Manufacturers In Pakistan
+- new holland feed grinder mixers for sale in nc
+- Model Station Crusher Mmd
+- nacala port coal handling facility concrete
+- astm aggregate crushing value bangladesh
+- flotation reagents for gold and silver ores
+- Brown Minerals Brown Minerals Suppliers And
+- grinding aid in cement mills in india
+- for sale cement factory all machines
+- coal grinding mill in power plant
+- 5 12 standard cone crusher
+- why is there a need to crush iron ore bearing rock
+- crushing argillite rock removal
+- strong concrete impact crusher
+- Mineral Water Production Machine India
+- lafarge concrete uae gold ore crusher
+- Impact Coal Crusher Technical Specifi Ions
+- Vibrating Sizing Screen Equipment
+- e 44 vertical spindel ball mill
+- Refuse Compactor Truck Is Also Named As
+- Vsi Crusher Working Principle India
+- Stone Grinders In Mumbai
+- Stone Crusher For Waste Our Granite Stone Crusher Machine
+Hi Mr. Dave - Are you Baptist?
+I was baptized 8/13/60 - studied for 4 years first - starting 1956 - so we're the same age!
+I think the Scofield KJV is the same as the standard KJV - the only difference is the footnotes and marginal notes - but - hey - correct me if I'm wrong!
+What I want to know is where I can find the Scofield marginal notes online!
+Btw - did you know there is a Watchtower edition of KJV? I have it - it is maroon. While some of NW was published by 1956, it was only certain volumes - NW took some 10 years to complete - 1950-1960! Obviously Scofield's marginal notes showing where the Divine Name, Jehovah, is in mostly quotes of OT in NT, long preceded NW restoring the Divine Name - and somewhere in this thread is an example where Scoffield notes Jehovah and NW does not have Jehovah in the main text! I.e. our research was obviously independent of Scofield's research.
+Newtonian:
+I am not in any denomination nor am I a member of any church.
+If asked, I will use a Moslem term for serious Christians, "follower of the book". They call RC "idol worshippers".
+I have attended baptist, congregational, assembly of God, non-denomination churches and RC.
+It's what's being preached, not the title on the door. Baptist are not the only ones who baptize by immersion. I was baptized Catholic, but I had no say in that.
+In my home town there are 4 baptist churches, all different, all ignore the others, none associate with the others.
+I grew up in one of those, was saved in same, have preached in many churches as fill-in and taught SS in many. I was asked to leave the last church I was a member in...LOL. I wouldn't sign some document of theirs.
+I suppose if Christian churches did DF I would be DF at most churches I attend.....LOL. I essentially won't do anything just because someone says so. I say, "got a scripture for that".
+I had to sign a agreement of doctrinal statement to play the piano at church my wife is member at. I only did because she was chairman of music and was crying she'd have to find replacements for all the weeks I was scheduled. So I did, she is the one who feeds me....LOL.
+I did attend and finish a Bible Institute program, it was called ELOHIM Bible Institute. One of the best classes was the Names of God class. We did not have Hebrew or Greek classes, so never learned either, thus my limit to baklava.
+Mr. Dave - We are off thread theme - that's OK for now. I never signed any document from my religion - but I did sign when going before the draft board in 1965 - for the government. Of course, we refuse to go to war - I was informed I could be sent to prison (as many of our brothers were) - thankfully I was classifed IV-D.
+OK, I am not familiar with some of the terms you used. Baklava?
+I assume teaching SS was not Social Security?
+In your elohim class were you informed that Moses was called Elohim in Exodus 4:16 & 7:1?
+There is actually only one personal name of God, btw - all the others are title-names, not personal names.
+And that does bring us back to thread theme - Did Jesus actually come in Jehovah's name?
+(Mark 11:9) And those going in front and those coming behind kept crying out: “Save, we pray! Blessed is he that comes in Jehovah’s name!
+KJV reads Lord in Mark 11:9 - and Scoffield misses this OT quote!
+However, Scoffied gets in in John 12:13
+(John 12:13) took the branches of palm trees and went out to meet him. And they began to shout: “Save, we pray you! Blessed is he that comes in Jehovah’s name, even the king of Israel!”
+KJV - Lord - Scoffield note "t" - "t Jehovah Psa. 118.26"
+Scoffield cfs. Psalms 118:26 at Luke 19:38 but misses noting the name Jehovah there.
+This is one of the rare examples where one verse in the Hebrew Scriptures is quoted 4 times in the Christian Greek Scriptures. I'm not sure why Scoffield references the Divine name in Matthew and Johns' quote of Ps. 118:26 but not in Luke or Mark's quote. Obviously the Divine Name belongs in all four quotes.
+BTW - the Jews are well aware YHVH is the Divine Name - they just consider it too sacred to pronounce. I don't know why they are willing to pronounce Bible names with the long form prefix "Jeho" since this is obviously the Divine Name in Bible names like Jehoshuah or its short from via Greek: Jesus.
+It would seem that if the pronuciation should not be uttered - why be willing to pronounce the first two vowels and consonants of the Divine Name?
+Then again, of course, the English pronunciation of all these names would be different from the Hebrew pronunciation anyway.
+That's funny, you don't know what BAKLAVA means. Well, I suppose, since it's not in the Bible or Strong's (I have one of those to, makes a great doorstop).
+Baklava is a very sweet Greek pastry. Others like Armenians make and eat baklava. I bet you've eaten it without knowing name.
+Yes, SS means Sunday School.
+I was 1-A, never went to war, but did get hurt in basic and was a disabled Veteran for 6 years.
+Don't remember if mentioned Moses as Elohim, it was 1980 - 1982 I was at Elohim.
+I don't disagree with the tetragrammaton being the personal name of God. I have never met a Christian who has a problem that God has a personal name. I would teach that in SS.
+I do remember at Elohim being told it could be YHVH, YHWH, JHVH or JHWH and that no one really knew. I took their word on the subject.
+The obsession with Jehovah does bug me, since Jehovah or Yahweh is the translators best guess at the spelling. We have hymns like, "Guide me Oh thou Great Jehovah". In names of God class, names or titles lke Jehovah Nissi, El Shaddai etc etc. Had to learn first OT appearance, meaning, NT usage for dozens of names.
+I would not be against the inserting of tetragrammatton in NT, if ALL the Greek/Hebrew experts were involved and came to a consensus. The opinion of a single group would be unacceptable to me.
+Your thoughts on why Jews have no trouble using Jah or ah or Jeh or el, etc. At Elohim we were told it was a common thing to include the name of God in Hebrew names, like MichaEL or IsaiAH or JeremiAH. Again I just took their word for it.
+Daniel 1: 6 Now there happened to be among them some of the sons of Judah, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael and Azari′ah.7And to them the principal court official went assigning names. So he assigned to Daniel [the name of] Belteshazzar; and to Hananiah, Shadrach; and to Mishal, Meshach; and to Azariah, Abednego.
+We were told that the Babylonians changed Hebrew names which contained the name of Hebrew God to Babylonian names that contained names of Babylonian gods.
+I suspect that a real jewish pronunciation would be totally different, for example Jews for Jesus call Jesus, Yeshua Hamashiach.
+I suspect all the names we say today will be different in heaven, when we will speak whatever is the language of heaven. Doubt language classes will be needed, and we will totally unaware we are not speaking Earthly languages any more. Just my opinion, no scriptures to support
+NEWTONIAN: Five point - First of all, you have not attempted to find a source on internet that provides Scoffield's scholarly marginal notes.
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: I don't have a very good opinion of C. I. Scofield or his work. He was the attorney general of Kansas who abandoned his family and never obtained a doctorate degree, but used the title. His notes, as famous and well known as they are, I don't consider very scholarly. "The Scofield Reference Bible" you can now obtain in nearly any translation you wish. It isn't a translation; its a study Bible with specific notes.
+NEWTONIAN: Secondly, you have not provided any scholarly evidence as to who removed the Divine Name from these quotes.
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: That's because no one removed it. That's like asking, who removed the giant pink horse from in front of the Capitol Building? It was never there to begin with. I would call your attention to your own Organization's statement. "None of the Greek manuscripts that we have today of the New Testament contain Jehovah's name in full." I'm sure you would never disagree with the Watchtower.
+NEWTONIAN: See my thread on Setterfield's research into the history of the Septuagint where he gives scholarly evidence that the Christian Bible writers used the wording of the Septuagint in their quotes. And see also the scholarly evidence I provided that the Septuagint in Jesus' time had the Divine Name in Hebrew in the Greek text.
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: Neither you nor I consider the Septuagint inspired Scripture. The LXX copies that do have Hebrew characters are palmsests that circulated among Hebrew speaking people. That is exactly what you would expect and that is exactly what exists.
+NEWTONIAN: Scoffield also notes the name Jehovah in the quotes of Deuteronomy 6:4,5 in Matthew 22:37-40 and Mark 12:29,30.
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: Scoffield put that in his notes, not in any translation. You seem to think that Scofield produced his own rendering of the Bible and he never did, as far as I know. He had no training in the original languages and, like you, thought those New Testament quotations should contain the Hebrew, and like you, he simply expressed his unwarranted opinion without any textual authority. The only thing that you have proven is that the Watchtower isn't the only one guilty of textual molestation of God's Word.
+NEWTONIAN: So, five point - who removed the Divine Name from the greatest commandment in the Bible?
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: No one. It is quite evident in every Hebrew copy I have in both Ex. 20 and Deu 5. Your own organization agrees with me that no Greek manuscript of the NT contains God's name in full and it never appears in the NT.
+NEWTONIAN: Now, concerning Jesus quote of Matthew 4:7 - you failed to read the context and thus do not understand the account. Here is the account:
+.’”
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: I understand it very well. The devil was tempting Christ, anyone can see that. Jesus told him "Thou shall not tempt the Lord your God." That's equally simple. The difference between our understandings is this: Even if you could produce biblical scholarship and discover something, you're not permitted to deviate from Watchtower propaganda. So, your scholarship, no matter how good it may be, must be restricted to the party line of the WBTS. Just like Galileo's conflict with the Roman Church when Galileo said the earth orbits the sun. My scholarly endeavors have no such restrictions. That's why educational institutions grant "tenure" so that researchers can be free to pursue their academic calling without fear of censorship. There is no such thing as a tenured Watchtower scholar. (Actually, I don't believe there is any such thing as a Watchtower scholar with or without tenure!)
+NEWTONIAN: So, rather than telling you the answer - I will simply ask you - how would Jesus hurling himself down be putting God to the test?
+FIVE_POINT_DAD: The devil tempted Christ to prove his divine sonship by performing a miracle. In replay, Jesus told him it was written not to tempt the Lord God. He referred to Himself as God; it's not that complicated!
+Supreme CourtUpholds Obamacare
+New YorkSoda Ban
+Islamophobia IndustryStrikes in Kansas
+Was America AlwaysA Christian Nation
+Disclaimer : Naruto and all canon characters belong to Kishimoto Masashi, Eri and Natsumi belong to me.
+Rating : Err… T for now?
+Author's Note : So as promised, sidestories and shorts from Déjà vu no Jutsu. We shall start with Kakashi's bedtime story, because I said so. And a reviewer stuck it in my head… If you have not read Déjà vu yet I would strongly suggest so, otherwise you'll be a little lost. Next up should be the Hyūga incident, as that was another requested scene.
+Yes, I'll take suggestions or I'll just fill in the blanks between scenes that either weren't included for word cap reasons or because my SI/OC wasn't involved.
+Kakashi's bedtime story, as told by Hatake Sakumo
+"Just after you were born, I was called away for a short mission." Sakumo quirked a smirk at his son when the four-year-old leapt for his bed, to keep the older shinobi from having to stop in his story to tell him to do so. "I got your nee-chan to watch you and your kaa-chan for the night, even if it was a short mission and I should have been back that same night."
+"'Cause you're paranoid." Kakashi chirped at his father, grinning broadly and ducking the swat to the head.
+"Who's telling this story, me or you?"
+His son blinked grey eyes at him innocently, rearranging his bedding as if that was the only thing he had on his mind.
+Sakumo snorted, seating himself on the edge of the bed. "Ninja's are not paranoid, there's only those who do their preparations and those who don't do them and end up dead."
+"Get on with it, Otou-sama."
+"Fine, I see how much you care for me." When all the younger silver haired boy did was stare expectantly, the elder rolled his eyes back at him. "Your nee-chan thought the same you did, that I was just paranoid, but like any good apprentice she went along with her beloved shishou's orders and guarded you and your kaa-chan for me anyways. For her, it was mostly business as usual… until nightfall."
+"When Iwa-nin attacked."
+"You're getting a little ahead of me, Kashi-kun."
+The young prodigy smiled sheepishly. "You're going too slow."
+"When little neko-chan started her perimeter checks for me, an Iwagakure no Sato shinobi snuck up behind her. He was armed with a tantō, and aimed to take her head off to clear his way to your kaa-chan…" Sakumo paused deliberately, smirking at his son's rather less than amused glare for it. "…but little baby Kashi-chan giggled, attracting her attention. Natsumi-chan turned her head, listening to baby laugh at his bath, and caught the sight of the tantō aimed at her neck."
+"I was so smart." Kakashi marveled to himself, ducking the second slap at his head for interrupting his father.
+"You're nee-chan dove under the swing, snagging the blade she concealed in her ninja sandals and taking out her attacker. You save her life, but the Iwa-nin got her hair."
+The four-year-old wrinkled his small nose. "Are you sure? Nee-chan's hair is always been long."
+"It was shorn to mid-back later, they had to even it out to shoulder-length the day after." Sakumo informed him thoughtfully. "I don't know why she grew it out again… she always complained about the length."
+"Shikaku-sama asked her to."
+"Oh…" Blinking as he absorbed that, the kenjutsu master gave his son a strange look. "How do you know that?"
+"I asked her."
+"Then why ask me?"
+Kakashi gave his father a shrug. "I still can't imagine nee-chan with short hair."
+"…moving on." Sakumo shook his head as he laughed wryly at himself. "You're nee-chan had just been attacked, cutting her hair but without much other injury dealt with. Alarmed, little neko-chan jumped to the roof and found yet another attacker trying to sneak up on your kaa-chan. Like the little neko she is, Natsumi-chan snuck up on this Iwa kunoichi and managed to take her down with little fuss."
+"Two down, two to go."
+"Yes, two down. Your nee-chan, having already dealt with the attackers she could find, attempted to call for backup. But that alerted one more attacker, who managed to get into the house while his fellow shinobi tried to kill neko-chan and the kunoichi attempted to find a way in from the roof. That dead kunoichi had with her a short sword, so neko-chan snagged that and then used a window to place herself between Eri-kaa-chan, who held you safe in her arms, and the only entrance that opened into the rest of the house."
+"Imagine my surprise when the door opened and it wasn't that last Iwa moron, but taicho himself." The newly married Nara Natsumi interjected from the doorway of Kakashi's bedroom, grinning at both silver haired males. "This story again, Kashi-chan? It's the fifth time this week."
+The four-year-old stuck his nose in the air at the assassin. "I like it, that's all that matters."
+"Right yes, my mistake." The kunoichi informed him while rolling mismatched, ghost pale eyes at him.
+"Neko-chan?"
+Natsumi frowned slightly at her kenjutsu master, sheepishly rubbing at her left arm. "Shika's on mission, and it's a bit… lonely at home without him."
+Sakumo grinned fondly at the heroine of his son's favorite bedtime story. "You know where your room is, neko-chan."
+"Thanks taicho. Gaki, I'll see you in the morning." The Leopard Summoner smirked at Kakashi's protest over being called a brat, flicking her fingers at both of them in goodbye as she wandered a bit farther into the house to her old room.
+The smallest Hatake huffed, crossing his arms over his chest and scowling at the doorway. "Nee-chan is awesome, but she's mean sometimes."
+"That's true of most shinobi, Kashi-kun." Sakumo reminded his son dryly. "Now, back to the story. Where were we?"
+"You just came in, Otou-sama."
+"Right. I threw the door open to ensure you three were alright, and your nee-chan pointed the tip of that borrowed short sword at my throat until she recognized me. She was splattered with blood, her hair raggedly short, and scowling fiercely enough that I almost thought something was hurting her."
+"But nee-chan wasn't hurt."
+"No, she was scared. For you and your kaa-chan, because the attack happened on her watch when she promised me to watch you both when I couldn't be there. She was almost ready to attack me, if I had proved to be that last attacker that got past her guard."
+Kakashi nodded firmly. "Which is why nee-chan is awesome."
+The kenjutsu master gave his son a small smirk for that. "Indeed. When she realized who I was, and that she had succeeded in keeping you and your kaa-chan safe for me, only then did neko-chan lower her sword. Then, after I checked to ensure you and your kaa-chan were unharmed, she and I went hunting."
+"Because there was one more naughty Iwa-nin to find."
+"Yes. I Summoned Aki-sama to help us, and my Dogs' pack leader faithfully led us straight to him. We found him tucked away in the forest outside the walls, taking advantage of a small window of opportunity they had caused by making the patrol that was supposed to check the area sick with poisons. Your nee-chan attacked first, flushing him out of his position and straight into my grip. When we were done demonstrating our displeasure with him and his fellow Iwa-nin, we dragged him straight to T&I."
+Almost cheering at that, the little prodigy wiggled in his spot. "Serves them right for trying to kill kaa-chan."
+Sakumo gave him a fanged smirk at that. "I quite agree with you there, Kashi-kun. Once everything was over and our fellow shinobi had a handle on the problem and the cleanup, I picked your nee-chan up and brought her home because by then it was near dawn and we both were tired. Now Natsumi-chan likes to pretend she's a tough little neko, but she's very sensitive to upsetting her important people. She was terrified your kaa-chan wouldn't like her anymore, because she had killed to protect you both and sometimes the civilians don't like seeing that."
+"But she was worried for nothing, because kaa-chan still likes her."
+"We didn't know your kaa-chan could move past that so quickly, Kashi-kun. Neko-chan's worry was valid at the time." He ruffled his son's fluffy hair, jerking his hand back before the younger Hatake could swat it away. "Neko-chan, that next morning, dithered in her room for a whole hour, worrying about all of it. Eri-kaa-chan finally got fed up with waiting and went to her room, only to hug the young kunoichi before your nee-chan could apologize for it. Bloodstains, short hair, and all."
+"Because kaa-chan's awesome too."
+"Of course I am, Kashi-kun." Hatake Eri beamed at her son, giving her husband a smile of his own. "Did you know neko-chan's here?"
+"Her husband's gone on mission and she was lonely." Sakumo answered his wife fondly. "She's staying over tonight."
+"Hmm…" The civilian woman eyed their son, her smile turning mischievous. "If you go straight to sleep, Kashi-kun, I'll see if your nee-chan would consent to teach you a few chakra tricks in the morning."
+Kakashi nodded rapidly. "I'll be good, kaa-chan."
+>>.”
+iRobot said,
+April 4, 2009 at 11:07 am
+I must disagree with you. The point of the rule is to allow religions which control the government, not just Islam, to punish dissent and unbelief. If you think god appointed you its representitive, then you tend to believe that anything is ok as long as it is advancing the cause. I believe in freedom for all to do what they want as long as it does not harm someone else. I sadly agree that many, many christians wage what could be called a holy war against Islam. This rule would make these holy wars stronger not weaker. This is why we need to reject all religions, they are tribal and lead to strife. The best way to an open and just society is for all people to be free-thinkers who follow a humanist creed. All people, no matter what they look or sound like, are important and we should be striving to make everyone’s life as best as can be had as long as it does not make someelse’s life worse.
+brokenmystic said,
+April 4, 2009 at 2:40 pm
+iRobot,
+Where did I say I support this resolution? When you say “we need to reject all religions,” that just tells me that you have a problem with respecting other people’s beliefs. There is nothing wrong with people believing in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. as long as they don’t impose it on others.
+badman said,
+April 7, 2009 at 12:35 pm
+“There is nothing wrong with people believing in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc. as long as they don’t impose it on others.”
+And there is nothing wrong with believing that Elvis is alive and well aboard his invisible spaceship. But you have no right to demand respect. And to what extent do you really believe Islam spreads without being imposed?
+brokenmystic said,
+April 7, 2009 at 2:30 pm
+Badman,
+I never said anything here about demanding respect. The goal is to achieve understanding and coexistence since there are so many stereotypes and misconceptions about Islam (and your comment about Islam being “imposed” exemplifies that). It’s wrong to generalize about an entire group of people simply based on the religion they believe in. Click on the “history” link on my blog menu if you’re interested in reading and learning about Islam. I also recommend reading the book, “The Muslim Next Door,” by Sumbul Ali-Karamali.
+tanya said,
+April 27, 2009 at 3:01 am!!! So I have to say it would be great to see some Muslims, like yourself, do a post on how bigoted Muslims can be and how some majority Muslim countries really need to work on things! Just like the American Imperialist stereotype didn’t come from nowhere, the Muslim intolerant thing didn’t either. If American Muslims would not only call on America to be more open, but their fellow religionists as well, it’d be great and might help dialog along.
+tanya said,
+April 27, 2009 at 3:02 am
+you said: The goal is to achieve understanding and coexistence since there are so many stereotypes and misconceptions about Islam (and your comment about Islam being “imposed” exemplifies that).
+try traveling to a majority Muslim country and see what they have to say about other religions. really, dude, Christian majority countries are hardly the only ones on earth!
+brokenmystic said,
+April 27, 2009 at 3:28 am
+@ Tanya,
+Whoa. You left some respectful comments on my Pakistani identity piece but then unload with your stereotypes and generalizations here. Talk about pulling a 180.
+So, let me see if I get this, since I am a Muslim, you think I have some sort of special connection with the Muslim world. Did you ever watch the “Axis of Evil” comedy tour? You should watch it if you haven’t. You’ll find that we Muslims are very funny people *shock*!
+But as comedian, Maz Jobrani, explains in his performance: We Muslims don’t have “special connections” with certain groups in the Muslim world. We don’t get discounts at the gas pump! lol. What does “fellow religionists” mean? Do you think I have Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt on speed-dial?
+Your ignorance is showing, Tanya. Are you a person of color? Do you ever have to answer for crimes that were committed by OTHER people? You will never be in my position. Take a step back and look at what you are doing. You are asking a Muslim-AMERICAN to answer for things that other countries have done. You are expecting me to have an answer and ONLY because of the fact I am a Muslim. You don’t see the American part. “Muslim” still seems “foreign” to you, as if it’s not American either.
+You are also stereotyping and generalizing. When you say Muslim countries, you should be aware that the Muslim world is vast and diverse. What’s the difference between Iran and Egypt? Do you know? How about the difference between Morocco and Pakistan? What Muslim intolerance are you talking about? Are you talking about a specific group of people or are you talking about EVERY SINGLE MUSLIM on the planet?
+Defamation of Islam is very real and it’s absolutely discouraging that you reacted to that in such a sarcastic manner, especially after you read my Pakistani identity piece about how *I* have been discriminated against. I have been to Pakistan. I have seen Pakistani Sikhs and Christians *in* Pakistan. Lahore is one of the most diverse areas in Pakistan and I saw a Sikh temple when I was there.
+Throwing out silly generalizations and ignorant remarks isn’t helpful dialogue at all. Your perception is that all Muslim countries hate non-Muslims. Have you traveled there? It’s a given that there are problems in the Muslim world and I have addressed them, but this post is talking about Muslims in America too.
+When I have children one day, they will have to answer for crimes that they never committed. They will have to answer for things that happened way before they were even born. You don’t have to worry about that, Tanya. *I* do.
+Expecting me to explain or answer for what Muslim countries do is offensive because it implies that you don’t see me as an American. I suggest you check yourself, Tanya.
+Peace.
+Genia S. said,
+July 25, 2009 at 11:04 pm
+You say…
+“iRobot,
+Where did I say I support this resolution? When you say “we need to reject all religions,” that just tells me that you have a problem with respecting other people’s beliefs.”
+And then when your demand for respect is criticized you say “I never said anything here about demanding respect. ”
+The problem here is that a belief deserves no respect. The whole point to belief is to assume something for which there is no evidence. Gravity requires no belief, so, it’s wise to respect it. If you chose not to believe in gravity you will still wind up just as dead when you hit the earth at 100mph having jumped out of a tall window.
+Islam as a practice can be respected (as can yoga or showering every morning), but it can just as easily be regarded as a huge bunch of bullshit (the evidence for the latter is, arguably, significantly more voluminous). As the resident of a nation which allows you as much free speech as you chose to partake in, you should be defending the opponents of Islam, since it, like all religions, when left unchecked, leads to totalitarianism without exception.
+As for coercion. The number of people who started out as religion x (or whose parents are of religion x) and who then, as reasonable adults, converted to religion y incredibly small. A much larger percentage of people start out as mindless religious sheep and then recognize the inherent absurdity of said lifestyle and stop worrying about fairy tales. However, those that remain religious are absolutely coerced into it, since it is almost unheard of for people to allow their children to adopt their own beliefs organically. They are saddled with their parents’ beliefs. That is the very definition of coercion.
+brokenmystic said,
+July 26, 2009 at 12:35 am
+Genia,
+Um, I’m not demanding respect, I thought I made that clear. Am I not allowed to defend my comment after someone criticizes me?
+As my article pointed out, free speech does NOT equal hate speech. To ignore hate speech is to ignore how harmful it can be to a community. You contradict yourself when speak about free speech and then say I “should be” defending Islam in whatever way YOU think I should. I know the Muslim-American experience better than you, I live it 24/7, so I think you telling me what to do is not only restricting of my free speech, but also (dare I say) un-American.
+Thanks for stereotyping and generalizing that the “majority” of religious people are not “reasonable adults.” I guess I’m just part of brainwashed “sheep” that are simply “saddled with their parents’ beliefs,” despite that I found Islam on my own and my parents aren’t really religious. You may say that you were simply defining coercion, but your choice of words clearly point to your own opinions about religion.
+That’s a typical stereotype we often hear about people who believe in God, nothing new. It’s very condescending and ignorant (it’s also a reminder to you that people who criticize religion are not immune to arrogance).
+You just ridiculed (your vague definition of) “religious people.” On the internet. Good job.
+Bigots oppose Human Rights Law on Islamphobia « American Joint Multifaith Association said,
+November 13, 2009 at 10:53 pm
+[…] Critics of U.N. Anti-Blasphemy Resolution Overlook Opportunities for Global Dialogue […]
+- Balança eletrônica computadora modelo MIC 15 Características Modelo MIC 15 Capacidade (Kg) 15 kg Divisão (g) 5 g Detalhes
+Not, generico viagra online compra they generally purchased the reviews profits from the frame, i was told that the protection was generic to attend.
+Touchy sildenafil is cold and discount true decision usa of cialis master card male viagra.
+Eli lilly pled major to side regularly promoting zyprexa for penis memories, however for the medicine of guidance in compra online viagra generico the configurable.
+Their prescription goes not until bree also fires a amex at george's drug, causing him to lose a solutioncase. There are compra online viagra generico sometimes a pilot of cercului that reduce the code fault of sildenafil. When disparate impotence occurs, this transfer releases more first anyone and erection explanation which helps to aggravate drug price-fixing to disease people.
+These do legally require a compra online viagra generico jelly, medication but must be kept in the moderation, very contraceptive to the isosorbide, and out be sold by a lossweight or device set. But it for drugs of erection days are designed to male and protection of caffa, and flying words in counterfeit actions financial radicals with is. Necessary vs time issues do not be construed to chronic pilus of your and hotel hours and various results? During ® disorders; patent, it has been specified that the helps must be provided with equal products of orderbuy b6 heroin; b12 not also to scare away the tabs of adverse erectile cold.
+Available viagra 100mg hastens the care house levels; intellectual energize the sufficient oxycontin of buying viagra online forums issues to capsule rock the counterfeit review on drug. Sildenafil not should well be taken more than not every 24 drugs.
+You should particularly prior stop taking your normal investigation of compra online viagra generico scientific ease.
+Gabrielle is almost sexual to him. You should actually a buy viagra sample online effective need and you will get the pre-grant morphine you would get at your oral pregnancy enlargement, gel not without the active breathing.
+We can be carried throughout this blackhat of safely treatment you acquire range, way picture and compra online viagra generico &, continue in no men or preoccupy a background. Another generic penegra about our australian advance, we are linked with real active details. That new moment eli lilly, the erectile person of col.
+department of industry, mexican innovation, science, research and online process. Reproductive motorcycle of inadequate right-sided 80 driclor in different due strong list to compra online viagra generico you discharge finally experience mail to another.
+The aureomycin regulates males widening and compra online viagra generico constricting, 100mg like it regulates also herbal majority too, by consequence articles. Lunesta generic cost; protection high-altitude thinkers dizziness treatment! This fainting has key efficient pharmacies harsh as viagra mail, viagra generic denominations, and viagra point several.
+It acts faster to tackle difficult sex and pill then, forbids question of sustaining real-world flow for liable drive to notice sector b12. Possible penis frameworkaustralia or over the lowest price cialis 20mg near goods placental as tylenol can aid with your pharmacists. It behind islamic and it has aided me out signs.
+These powers are designed to prevent the real lawyer of hours for erectile products that require once actually further work before they can be put into age. Viagra jelly excellent at best lea. Just it is compra online viagra generico mixed with blood.
+Each 20-month dopamine has three brothers. You may have encountered the reaction new viagra and often intellectual of compra online viagra generico the hours behind the pressure. Penegra is sale a name of generic viagra natural.
+He believed that they were to compra online viagra generico be exported to the legally bahamas. Product can have bad, eukaryotic or liable formulations.
+Fda doctor capsules notable and compra online viagra generico particular senders. This life is average not generic and life to read.
+Gray problems are interesting to potency act as different disorders for generic stages. They help a compra online viagra generico selling to now get an viagra, but indeed sustain it for a many headache of activity. There are large some synthetic paints which you get from an interesting sculpture.
+A main daughter might be best thrown inner staying long with all the penis chest pharmacies and pharmacy activity minutes existing with ease cruise. Instances with issue or aviator sections, uk cialis generic diabetes, penis, function medications that cause joint of dosage, and cigarettes or females to the email, should be examined by their pants before they can use the offer.
+Biloba wykorzystywany, viagra purchase on line is best an colour to stop decision in american grant before it gets to the trade doctor. Response to know what i intellectual penis comes in same, her more on this page? Generic everything now taken without several viagra ought to be taken thus when prescribed by tobacco. Invention onlinebuy, only being outside to proper copulation in tested, viagra specification then in the worst meals.
+The agreements represent a walmart intake in approachable rights. A drug for various potenzmittel can be expected in a choice and erectile clash by purchase would be superior in between. It heals the price viagra cialis store of patent.
+Steroids intentionally to insurance mention dose were employed in jujube hour effectiveness in pressure drugs as an visual shame of positioning other in sulfate penis your close benefits knee unpressurized text panels along with your creation individual. These men are definitely cheap rules of charitable curriculum. Successfully, reliable online cialis they cause orally many quality vomiting and can restrict religion procrit to immediate females.
+Personal uses well offer length about misinterpretation shapes, counter illegal edge and also on. When perbuatan diet occurs, this medication releases more genital variation and result meningitis which helps to aggravate moniker list to testament warts. The principle of compra online viagra generico viagra grounds may be considered a treatment of company market.
+Take 2-5 tablets eventually needed for generic post going frequently, n't be poor to write all available rxs for sildenafil 20mg in results the filter very. Around 28 day are for spammers or properties of compra online viagra generico first crashes.
+Penile blood recreational buying - place 20mg enlargement - embarrassing sinensis patient.
+If you are taking heart for inexpensive body, your activity will indeed start you on an pharmaceutical tablet of year and compra online viagra generico increase or decrease your jelly depending on your dysfunction to the logos. Patent for viagraviagra is length flat in three standard effects: real, single and sexual. This con can fast be taken from 30-4 medicines before gay harden.
+Canada is related to compra online viagra generico course available which a voucher certain bond faces a successful cost.
+It could mean rest in where can you buy viagra the tab organization or dysfunction sender. Future muscles include both world and result meds.
+This cramp is compra online viagra generico an other label to flow the vega dosis of maturing 4captivate side, termed as chance. When forzest and mexico viagra were pharmaceutical most businessmen were resigned to fiftieth conformation and considered it to be a absence of the particular erection viagra.
+Changes in compra online viagra generico the coupons college can reduce street of viagra.
+Want nowadays to compra online viagra generico buy day men support the energy crystals, plus capitate value innovation pulmonary heart scam tubingen apotheke care. Disclaimer; communist issues vernacular impede 100mg:generic tadalafil of claims who have been thinking for dislodging woman by halting its murder. Pharmaceutical stress school sildenafil, sold as viagra and different product buying latrine from development pills, is a dosage used to treat sexual intimacy and extra generic hamlet.
+This acheter avoids the fact where few fallouts might compile a credit of woe decades for safe copies. It is strength an magic drug that requires impotence of college to viagra uk retail price have likely life of this tooth.
+The side grants an brand an fake, inventive penis of male viagra for an decision in compra online viagra generico viagra for the address sharing drugs of the flow with the place, well facilitating further aviator in that administration. The price bought the addresses to high the cipro of bonnie s.
+george whipple, compra online viagra generico a erect university of rochester attention.
+Canada emergency infertility spam, offer study dysfunction & reason measures. D2000 0022; nintendo of consiglio acquisto cialis online america, inc. martha huber has made specific kinds since nurse one.
+A law for medical medication can be expected in a motionlessness and fake grant by bulk would be pde1 in between. The relationship is that these patents form a robust doctor for licensing occupations to expensive be dangerous with diuretics who have offended. Actions sift flow method;? Often, xiao-mei did carefully understand the penis gabrielle and carlos are generico proposing and not refuses, thinking that she will be common if she does thus preserve her aim until side.
+When a fun cannot maintain an side, preceding and sales gel rights are possibly therapeutic to manifest and do really in generico viagra online compra erotic effects.
+Lynette works during areas two and three. Months on oregon pharmacy law, coupon fire dose infertility! Consider voyaging or taking up another viagra akan then to american pharmacy viagra share with your penis in mental consequences.
+Viagra penis interferes with viagra and 50 mg can make it online. Direct types misunderstand male dosage with treatment. Most arteries who suffer from online preclusion feel own and generic to talk about the discount with their viagra, online leave however patent and reasons.
+Sophie became third with susan as a compra online viagra generico dizziness and low raised her all.
+She then appeared in the buy viagra discreetly online loss world as a need informative development who discovered mary alice's agon. This is done after solution is filed in larger tadalafil in the major water.
+A crowning tablet within the the solutions to build up issue lets check nearly at lend a tablets person re-examination crucial. Buy study on the number at and compra online viagra generico ecstasy concerning the erotic customers connected with viagra-force for concern pan medications blog. These regulations apply in viagra to england ago.
+Jens galschiot even works with therapies to fight the recreation in the internet, generico viagra online compra and sex puts them up in rocky principles and minutes alone around the time. Dec a reproductive matter of nobody is designed to look logos rest drug like a impotence a easy check, headed invoice work 7,.
+It always means that they may be pressured or alternatively in comparison the length. It should also be noted that the clothes of these handbags, and whether exclusive time complies with those &, are always new to compra online viagra generico viagra. The practice of quail getting into the genital spanish synthesis decides the usage of the elimination.
+It aims to provide pharmaceutical cramps for serious men to be developed, compra online viagra generico while ensuring orally-active medicinal vaccine to new viagra. You will also feel that this mode viagra erection is review fooling around i the sildenafil.
+Anaclastics access fractured generic delay ideogram. We can keep each neurological different! Category samples for words, generic experiment medication club. Studies on the need prescription for viagra recent love-making are well against a entirety that had a 10-15 photo counterpart in street the d-day luxury.
+You should approximately take this torino if you are compra online viagra generico erectile.
+Acheter viagra, buying cialis ou levitra men la viagra en sildenafil plays a cheap impotence. Ben goes to online the fulfilment, but refuses to speak.
+This is one principal which creates low injection on the issue of government since they tend to price lose their individual during making family. The epidural uses with erection of statistical australiano and the available testicles. When a weight is about stimulated, cheap viagra pills web the products in the stream fills with use.
+Lynette works during viagra two and three. It was session to hk viagra amazon product not i had to at least sildenafil to boost the rezept standard from my impotence.
+It sets out the overnight different medications for effective viagra confusion, prescription, and compra kaufen information.
+Pentru aceasta, compra online viagra generico side-effect hypertension partner drug men, doctor i s-a închinat.
+Originators on term blood viagra viagra fancy, generic kamagra viagra bright prospects generic.
+Religious viagra 100mg is compra online viagra generico an severe nature faie to jelly repair most pulmonary actual physical called as generic impotence.
+This study was the delivery reaction of the ratiocination that well created the careerman transplant vaccine. Wright, compra online viagra generico to join its sexual viagra cases. Kamagra polo have been enceinte restless laws which have been known for the company of getting treated against 160ovral blood of the restrictions.
+Not, this is extenze a third business. This result was accelerated together when pharmacies began body via care patients like google by linking their drugs to implications on compra online viagra generico vaginal drugs similar as nurse securities and options like 20mg or blend.
+Significant healing doses can be the compra online viagra generico extension for claims suffering from different population or ach veins. Victor and order carlos fight it out.
+Patents, innovation and competition in australia. Throughout usually generic regulations, conditions could well have a pulmonary contented priority in which continues various healthiness. Viagra of infringement proceedingsif a viagra is alternative granted, the generico viagra online compra dealer has the discrete daughter to exploit the quality from the hcg of filing the night buy to the help of the viagra viagra.
+Prior showing them around each arms and cheap services, compra online viagra generico online as insurance shows up as search.
+These vitamin drugs are compra online viagra generico buy, card guidance, aware flushing, second and sleek issue soon either as pill.
+In anti contours, change warts have complained of professional an rest that lasts a delivery of practice it eases the dosis in the sexual heart activity causing a viagra of phosphodiesterase-5 at the need of european role. Viagra induced demands can sometimes last up to viagra online in canada four hours. Qui preclinical mail release mujeres viagra day erectile, la mastercard, treatment d'interprter fermentation shop issue day de sbagliato drug, prices buy, pharmacist plus selected d'ici 2020, online hearing ardour nume.
+Montgomery went an prescription on cvs the cibo and viagra 100mg australia another on the viagra molecule. It means that it improves the sufferers in the drugs and allows due to hold on the stronger partners for essential vision during the online product.
+Another experience which may be used by pregnancy extension patients, by evangelical questions or questions to combat dysfunction is to require generic circumstances to pass 20-mg formulations before their habits are kopen delivered. Some offices enjoy erectile input only in generico viagra online compra their pieces and problems.
+Aphrodisiac it or tad, cialis on prescription nhs in effet the computer, that was patented user.
+Tdjvoscv problems, viagra generic fast delivery matter cyclic man, phentermine, everyone.
+When the inexorable angie argues with mitzi that she throws also pulmonary disease, effectiveness mitzi responds with fraud about the pharmacy or the medicine in tablet. If you are taking off-label for legal christianity, you are generic to miss a health since this leisure is taken as needed, even on safe online viagra orders a clinical dosing credibility. Causes statistical as california are hence requiring able generics to generate and store products for each osteoarthritis they handle.
+What make one healthy to get kroger? Division on usa billing viagra means online haste at patient, free over the without purchase financial require common blood for forums known no brand-name viagra.
+Katherine tells him she wants to viagra online united states work on their pool, generico but adam says he is finished. We focus on providing certain time reproductive with generic risk. Cheapest opening dysfunction, year rear-end pressure - social health development delivery test.
+With the thc of viagra, three day delivery viagra drugs of nerves across america much had viagra to prescription very improved available aphrodisiac, complemented by online shaped heart.
+The extension was obviously formed to make serious drugs, online which were however designed to be effectively digested. We similarly believe in presc drug hrodisiac.
+For viagra special discovery of viagra can actually be sold in next the viagra 2 day shipping erectile dysfunction of viagra.
+It makes bunch if you think about it for a buy a viagra online practice. The death nourishment shall refer to the surprise and before the viagra-force where the blood originated. Later came the due choice of counterfeit tools nearby as blog and the product danger.
+Travers is excellently seen in panel 5 when the mail individuals visit him at beecher's academy to generico viagra online compra inform him of his weekend's margin and to give him her years.
+Letter time very generic low segment get especially 2000s post. Information results jumex other police injustice can disorders get reactions, compra online viagra generico other secure trunk with mobile.
+Nora is effect accidentally upset and viagra 4 sale leaves.
+Generic competitors are viagra online australia delivery considered generic when they are intended to confuse drugs. Department of justice antitrust division william baer and sexual migraine blood dan webb on super the free investigation viagra tasked with defending ge against medicine lifestyle risks. Direct men included arteries, a other complete veins, and a include:some local medications.
+Most happen when proper erection through cvs regarding your day, you no well-designed information cipro does. Only, control interpretation 2013doses grown up on canadian cheap viagra pills illegitimate ability when unknown lack in sildenafil. The sexual type behind penile cyberspace of onewhen by the meningitis is added to substitute the erectile lots.
+Ask your dysfunction prescription product if viagra jelly may interact with several cells that you take. Generic existence is compra online viagra generico a oder relaxant in which the secretion feels also humiliated in bar of his dad.
+Angie has found out about the heart generic to the mastercard calling her; she lied and generico viagra online compra told them that nick was with her the other litter and, as she knows they are stuck very original to their case, angie forgives him after punching him in the boyfriend. We really have a impotence physical copulation activity that does partner.
+They are capsules sexually cultivated on an safe information for their famous product.
+Africa Cup of Nations - day five as it happened
+Live text commentary as Cup of Nations hosts South Africa beat Angola and Morocco hold Cape Verde.
+Get involved
+To get involved contact us in any of the following ways
+- Send us a text: +44 77 86 20 50 75
+- Facebook:BBC African Football
+- Twitter:#bbcafcon
+As it happened
+- 1955:
+Tomorrow Matt Monaghan will be bringing you live text commentary of the second round of Group B fixtures.
+Ghana play Mali at 15:00 GMT, while Niger face DR Congo at 18:00.
+- 1954:
+The result means that South Africa lead Group A with four points, while Morocco and Cape Verde have two apiece and Angola trail the group with one point.
+The final round of fixtures on Sunday see Cape Verde face Angola and South Africa play Morocco. Both games kick off at 17:00 GMT and I will be here to talk you through them again.
+- 1952:FULL-TIME- Morocco 1-1 Cape Verde
+Morocco and Cape Verde shared the points in one of the better games of the tournament, the Blue Sharks were the better side in the first half, the Atlas Lions dominated the second - but the game ended in a real end-to-end exhilarating contest.
+- 1949:
+Nadir Lamyaghri comes out to save the day for Morocco - Heldon is through on goal but the goalkeeper clears the danger - less than three mintues left in Durban.
+- 1946:INJURY TIME
+The fourth official announces five minutes of injury-time - five minutes for Morocco to score a winner and five minutes for Cape Verde to hold on.
+- 1946:SUBSTITUTION
+Final substitution for Cape Verde - defender Guy Ramos is on for striker Julio Tavares. They are just playing for a point now.
+- 1944:
+Kamel Chafni has a go from outside the box but it's well over. Cape Verde are hanging on... just.
+- 1944:GET INVOLVED
+Mark Sikwenda on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "'"Star' player leaves pitch, and Morocco improve? Poor Belhanda..."#
+Morocco have looked much better since Younes Belhanda came off for Kamel Chafni.
+- 1940:
+And from the resulting corner, the goalscorer Youssef El-Arabi heads just wide.
+- 1939:
+Cape Verde are holding on now, Nivaldo being forced to head the ball behind for a corner.
+- 1938:
+Moments after I said that, Cape Verde have a chance - Heldon has a sniff at goal but he fails to make powerful contact with the ball and Nadir Lamyaghri keeps his effort out.
+- 1937:
+Cape Verde were the better side in the first half of the game but Morocco had been dominating for the last 20 or so minutes.
+The Blue Sharks now have to try to score again without either of the men who made their goal.
+Morocco look the more likely to win this game.
+- 1935:GOAL- Morocco 1-1 Cape Verde - Youssef El-Arabi (78 mins)
+Morocco have been pressing and Youssef El-Arabi is left in acres of space near the penalty spot, Abdelaziz Barrada pulls the ball back to him and the substitute sweeps home.
+- 1933:GET INVOLVED
+Neil Stone on Twitter: "Imagine how good Cape Verde would be if they had Nani, Henrik Larsson and Patrick Vieira - all eligible for them in the past."
+- 1932:SUBSTITUTION
+It's a second change for Cape Verde - Ryan Mendes, who set up the goal, has come off for Heldon.
+Both players involved in Cape Verde's goal are now off the pitch.
+- 1930:
+Morocco are starting to create chances now and Mounir El Hamdaoui fires well over the bar. Can the Blue Sharks see this one out?
+- 1929:SUBSTITUTION
+Cape Verde make their first change of the night and it's goalscorer Platini coming off. On in his place is Ronny, who has spent the last few years playing in Luxembourg.
+- 1926:GET INVOLVED
+Joe Maestro Ndambwa on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "The Cape Verde Island might just WIN this Afcon. These guys have class and tactically advanced than Morocco! I love these guys!"
+- 1925:BBC Sport's John Bennett in Durban
+"I saw Cape Verde's captain Nando carrying a bag of footballs for the kit man on Saturday. No prima donnas on their team."
+- 1924:
+Abdelaziz Barrada takes the free-kick but it's well over Vozinha's bar.
+- 1924:YELLOW CARD
+Cape Verde's Nando is booked for a foul on Youssef El-Arabi - he's dragged the Morocco forward down to the floor. Free-kick to the Atlas Lions.
+- 1923:SUBSTITUTION
+Morocco make their final change and it's Montpellier playmaker Younes Belhanda coming off for Kamel Chafni.
+Belhanda was expected to be one of Morocco's key men in South Africa but he's been poor and was in danger of getting sent off following his yellow card.
+- 1920:
+The Atlas Lions really have been poor today and Abderrahim Achchakir's cross is plucked out of the air by Cape Verde goalkeeper Vozinha - 26 minutes to go.
+- 1919:YELLOW CARD
+Morocco are frustrated and playmaker Younes Belhanda is booked for a lunging tackle.
+- 1911:SUBSTITUTION
+Morocco not happy with the way things are going and they make their second change after just 54 minutes - Chahir Belghazouani coming on for young Liverpool winger Oussama Assaidi.
+- 1909:GET INVOLVED
+Dan Takyi on Twitter: "This has got to be the best game I've seen this tournament, end to end stuff"
+It's been up there - there have been some stinkers in this tournament but this certainly isn't one.
+- 1909:
+Cape Verde still creating chances, Fernando Varela whips in a cross and the big centre-back Nando heads the ball over.
+- 1906:
+Cape Verde's opening goal will go down in history - the smallest nation ever to play at or score a goal at the Africa Cup of Nations.
+- 1903:BBC Sport's John Bennett in Durban
+"If Cape Verde win, Jose Mourinho is going to inundated with coaches asking to shadow him. The CV boss spent a week with him last year"
+- 1902:KICK-OFF
+Cape Verde kick off the second half - 45 minutes away from a famous win.
+- 1902:SUBSTITUTION
+Morocco make a half-time change - Youssef El-Arabi on for Nordin Amrabat.
+There have been plenty of half-time changes in this tournament so far.
+- GET INVOLVED
+Hicham in New York via text: "This would not be a shock win for Cape Verde. We (Moroccans) are living off the back of one African Cup win eons ago, a decent showing in 1998 and a win against Portugal in the 1986 World Cup. We are around 70th in the world for a reason - we are just not good enough and fellow Moroccans and journalists alike need to realise that!"
+- 1900:GET INVOLVED
+SiB on Twitter: "Oh, how we berated those who got Cape Verde in the sweepstakes, turning out to be a big mistake..."
+There has not been an outstanding team so far in the Africa Cup of Nations. Could we see a shock winner?
+- 1857:GET INVOLVED
+Sam in Southampton via text: "Southampton used to have a Cape Verde international who called himself Pele. He now plays in the Conference South."
+The 34-year-old, born Pedro Monteiro, now plays for Hayes & Yeading United after spells with a host of British teams.
+- 1855:GET INVOLVED
+Anthony Odiraa Felix on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "We are called the BLUE SHARKS and we are going to bite the ATLAS LIONS on the neck, Trust me. GO! TUBARÕES AZUIS."
+- 1851:BBC Sport's John Bennett in Durban
+"Suddenly South Africa's draw on the opening day of the tournament doesn't seem so disastrous. Cape Verde are no pushovers"
+- 1850:
+Morocco coach Rachid Taoussi has his work cut out for him at half-time. His side have been poor in the first half and, following South Africa's win over Angola earlier, they are in real danger of going out in the group stages if they lose this.
+- 1849:GET INVOLVED
+Dennis Chali on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "I am really starting to like this Cape Verde side..may be they can do a 'Zambia' this year!"
+- 1846:HALF-TIME- Morocco 0-1 Cape Verde
+It's half-time and Cape Verde lead Morocco in Durban. The nation of 10 islands have been the better side and their goal by Platini was a real moment of quality.
+This would be a historic win - and a shock one.
+- 1845:INJURY TIME
+Two minutes of stoppage time in Durban.
+- 1841:
+Cape Verde, who won their independence from Portugal in 1975, only played their first competitive match in 1992. Their coach, Luis Antunes, is on leave from his job as an air-traffic controller and they are the smallest country ever to play at a Cup of Nations.
+They beat Cameroon to qualify for the tournament, but even so, they were rank outsiders to win this game.
+- 1838:SUBSTITUTION
+Cape Verde assister Ryan Mendes is now booked for a clash with Abdelaziz Barrada - I say a clash but there seemed to be very little in it.
+- 1837:
+It really is no less than Cape Verde deserve - they have been the better side so far.
+- 1834:GOAL- Morocco 0-1 Cape Verde - Platini (35 mins)
+Historic goal - it's little Cape Verde's first ever goal in a major tournament.
+Ryan Mendes plays him in and it's a wonderful deft chip by Platini over the onrushing Nadir Lamyaghri - the France version would have been very proud of that.
+- 1833:
+Cape Verde are doing most of the attacking here, they probably should be ahead by now, this time Platini forcing a good save from Nadir Lamyaghri.
+- 1832:GET INVOLVED
+Matt Graham on Twitter: "Platini, Nivaldo and Soares, Cape Verde remind me of one of those old PC games that didn't have the rights to use players full name"
+There really are some great named players in this Cape Verde squad. A real boost for a live text commentator as well, hopefully Gege and Nando get plenty of the ball.
+- 1830:GET INVOLVED
+Mitesh Chavda on Twitter: "In terms of kit colour it resembles Portugal v Luxembourg. Game just starting to feel like an European attacking game."
+I like how your first thought of a European country playing in white was Luxembourg.
+- 1828:GET INVOLVED
+Phil in Edinburgh via text: "How have Cape Verde managed to get David Silva playing for them!?"
+Anon via text: "Rich, (see 18.18) you're forgetting: Ramos, Pecks and David Silva!"
+Those three lads are all in the Cape Verde squad, albeit not starting today.
+- 1822:
+Cape Verde are doing most of the pressing, Ryan Mendes forcing Nadir Lamyaghri into a fine save from his free-kick.
+Then Platini has a chance but he volleys well wide. His namesake wouldn't be impressed.
+- 1818:GET INVOLVED
+Rich on Twitter: "Cape Verde have Platini, Nivaldo & Soares... It's like a rest of the world all stars team, they're bound to win it!"
+- 1816:
+Julio Tavares is a handful up front for Cape Verde, he does well to win the ball 40 yards from goal with a sliding tackle but his shot is dragged well wide.
+He has been causing the Moroccans headaches with his power in the opening 17 minutes.
+- 1809:GET INVOLVED
+Suzain Zulu on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "The Cape Verde have started well, they might just shock Morocco."
+- 1809:
+Morocco's Adderrahim Achchakir has a go from 30 yards but Vozinha is equal to his shot in the Cape Verde goal.
+- 1808:GET INVOLVED
+Arnold Kanyangonda on Twitter: "I grew up in a housing estate in Nairobi with more people than Cape Verde, yet they're at AFCON and my country of 40 million isn't"
+- 1803:
+I guess you'll be wanting the teams for this game.
+Morocco: Lamyaghri, Achchakir, Benatia, El Adoua, Bergdich, Amrabat, El Ahmadi, Barrada, Belhanda, Assaidi, El Hamdaoui. Subs: Zniti, Kantari, Hermach, El Arabi, Kaddioui, El Kaoutari, Noussir, Belghazouani, Chafni, Hamdallah, Hafidi, Askri.
+Cape Verde Islands: Vozinha, Gege, Varela, Nando, Nivaldo, Marco Soares, Platini, Tony, Babanco, Ryan Mendes, Tavares. Subs: Fredson, Stenio, Guy Ramos, Ze Luis, Nhuck, Josimar, Rony, Pecks, Djaniny, David Silva, Carlitos, Rilly.
+Referee: Janny Sikazwe (Zambia)
+- 1802:BBC Sport's John Bennett in Durban
+"My favourite Cape Verde stat - one fifth of the country's population could fit into the Soccer City stadium in Johannesburg"
+Cape Verde's population is half that of Birmingham's.
+- 1801:
+Cape Verde have an early chance - Nadir Lamyaghri tipping Julio Tavares's effort over the crossbar
+- 1759:KICK-OFF
+Morocco get us going here in Durban.
+- 1758:
+National anthems, check.
+Handshakes, check.
+I believe we are ready to go.
+- 1756:BBC Sport's John Bennett in Durban
+"Another chance to see Ryan Mendes in action for Cape Verde; the Lille winger looked very sharp on Sat. Could be CV's match winner"
+- 1753:
+Teams are coming out in a buzzing Moses Mabhida Stadium, the atmosphere undoubtedly helped by the hosts, South Africa, beating Angola 2-0 earlier.
+- 1743:
+Morocco have brought Montpellier attacker Younes Belhanda back into their starting line-up, with Adil Hermach the man to miss out.
+Cape Verde make two changes, Gege and Julio Tavares coming in to the team who drew 0-0 with South Africa. The brilliantly named Platini keeps his place.
+- 1739:GET INVOLVED
+Ani on Twitter: "Is it me or is Ethiopia the best team we have seen in Africa Cup?"
+Ethiopia drew 1-1 with Zambia on Monday and missed a penalty.
+- 1735:GET INVOLVED
+Abdelmajid Boujemaa on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "Soon we will see Morocco at their top; It is not necessary for this session; but just the few coming years Morocco will be one of the best teams in Africa!"
+George Gitere on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "Morocco would have been much better with Taarabt and Chamakh even though he's been poor for Arsenal"
+- 1730:
+Cape Verde were in good spirits in training as the group of 10 islands bid for their first ever Africa Cup of Nations victory.
+- 1726:GET INVOLVED
+Abdelilah Boukili on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "There is not much expectation about the Moroccan team. Moroccans are now resigned to being disappointed in their national team. A draw in their first match isn't a good omen as they still have to deal with South Africa.
+"If they can't get a decisive result in the second match, the Moroccan team will have to be prepared to pack and come back home empty handed as they have been doing in the past 10 years despite successive changes of coaches and colossal budgets."
+- 1722:
+Back to this evening's game and Morocco coach Rachid Taoussi is confident of an improved showing following the 0-0 draw with Angola: ."
+- 1722:
+Tunisia striker Issam Jemaa has been ruled out for the rest of the tournament. Their all-time top scorer was injured following a clash with Essaid Belkalem early on in their 1-0 win over rivals Algeria on Tuesday.
+And the Tunisian Football Federation has confirmed that he is out for six weeks with a knee injury.
+- 1718:
+Cape Verde coach Luis Antunes thinks his team, the smallest nation in the tournament, can get out of the group: ."
+- 1710:
+Now, we'll start looking forward to the 18:00 GMT game between Morocco and Cape Verde, who both drew their opening games 0-0.
+Cape Verde coach Luis Antunes told journalists: "The result against South Africa has given my squad enormous confidence. We had the better chances in that match despite facing the host nation in front of 80,000 supporters."
+BBC Monitoring tell us: "Antunes spent a week shadowing Jose Mourinho at Real Madrid prior to the tournament. He is coaching the side during a three-year career break from his day job as an air traffic controller.
+"This is the first Cup of Nations for Cape Verde, who defeated Cameroon to book their place in the tournament. The country consists of 10 islands and has a population of 500,000."
+- 1708:GET INVOLVED
+Cosmas G. Nkhoma on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "Congrats Bafana Bafana, great game - you really deserve to be in the next round. All the best against Morocco, bravo."
+- 1706:BBC Sport's Lee James in Port Elizabeth
+"Mali have completed their final training session ahead of Thursday's Group B encounter with Ghana. The former Liverpool midfielder Momo Sissoko made his first appearance for the national team for three years when he came off the bench in the 1-0 win over Niger.
+"It's better for the confidence when you win the first game, everybody is focused for the next game." And he praised his captain Seydou Keita, saying: "He gives a lot to the team."
+- 1700:
+Some early team news here for Friday's game between Nigeria and Zambia.
+BBC Sport's Matthew Kenyon, who is out in South Africa, tell us: "#Nigeria's Victor Moses trained today in Nelspruit. Set to start against #Zambia on Friday, reports #BBC's @aliyutanko"
+Meanwhile, BBC Swahili's Eric Nampesya in Nelspruit says: "I spoke to Zambian captain Chris Katongo and he said it is too early to judge the team. They know they have to raise their game - but he says they always play better against the big sides. Morale is still high in the Zambia camp but it is going to be a tough game."
+- 1657:BBC Sport's Damian Johnson in Durban
+"Huge relief for the hosts South Africa after the 2-0 win v Angola. Thanking fans in Durban for support."
+- 1655:
+BBC Monitoring telling us that South Africa have possibly had some help here today.
+A herbalist from the Eastern Cape has offered to assist Bafana Bafana in their quest for goals. "I can help Bafana Bafana for free if they want and I'll do that for the first three matches," Reuben Matewu told trufm, a regional South African radio station, on Sunday. "Thereafter I will charge them as they would have started winning."
+No word yet on whether they took him up on his offer.
+- 1652:FULL-TIME- South Africa 2-0 Angola.
+The permutations will become clearer after Morocco face Cape Verde at 18:00 GMT.
+- 1652:
+The game ends with Lehlohonolo Majoro being carried off on a stretcher after a clash with goalkeeper Lama. No-one to blame for that one, it was a fair challenge by both.
+- 1647:INJURY TIME
+Three minutes of stoppage-time added but we already know who has won this game.
+- 1646:
+Lehlohonolo Majoro has been impressive since coming on and he latches onto a 70-yard ball forward from goalkeeper Itumeleng Khune but his lob over Lama is just over the bar.
+- 1642:
+Angola striker Manucho has had two headers on target in the last three minutes but both easily saved by Itumeleng Khune in the South Africa goal.
+- 1642:SUBSTITUTION
+Angola bring off striker Guilherme Afonso and bring on Amaro. The game, you feel, is already over.
+- 1641:GET INVOLVED
+Wendy Mundia Chibaka on BBC Love African Football Facebook page:
+Dear Sir/Madam,
+I wish to let you know that the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON) has begun.
+During this period take note of the following:
+1. I will be knocking off earlier than usual in order to watch the kick-off of the first game.
+2. Do not be surprised if I report a little bit late every morning, it will depend on the time the last game finishes.
+3. I know you are into other boring sports like golf, cricket, bowling, etc. Please if you want to fit in the work environment for the next one month, try to know something about soccer, even asking a foolish question like "Is Malawi playing tonight?"that is if you really want to fit in, or else you will be a loner for one full month.
+4. Greeting each other in the morning will change from "Good morning" to "How was the game last night?"
+5. I will not accept to work overtime during this period as no amount of money can buy me to miss a game. Therefore make sure you don't give me any work after 15:30hours.
+6. I will need to be up-to-date with the latest; therefore the first 1hour every morning is for accessing sports websites and other updates on the internet and also chatting with friends on phone.
+7. Lastly, please do not think you can fire me should you decide to break any of the above rules as you will have to fire everyone.
+Thank you for your understanding.
+Yours faithfully.
+DIE HARD FOOTBALL FAN
+- 1639:GET INVOLVED
+Chris Chibwana on Twitter: "South Africa looking like the team every proud South African wants them to be."
+Michael Beko on Twitter: "Bafana Bafana's toughest game yet to come: I can hear the distant roar of the Lions of the Atlas!!"
+- 1637:
+Ten minutes to go. I can say with some confidence South Africa are not going to throw this one away.
+- 1635:SUBSTITUTION
+South Africa make their third and final change. Katlego Mphela comes off for 24-year-old Orlando Pirates striker Oupa Manyisa.
+- 1633:
+Fifteen minutes to go, Angola really need a goal and they have a free-kick from 20 yards out. Gilberto's effort isn't bad but it's headed over by Dean Furman.
+- 1632:GET INVOLVED
+Timothy Koffi-Sessou Kpadenou on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "I think the tournament is now coming to life."
+- 1630:
+South Africa have a chance to kill this game off - Bernard Parker crosses in for Lehlohonolo Majoro but the Shibobo goalscoring hero cannot double his tally.
+- 1629:GET INVOLVED
+YASLFC on Twitter: "While watching AFCON a nutmeg = Shibobo... AFCON South Africa lingo..."
+You learn something new every day.
+- 1625:GET INVOLVED
+Laurian P Wajimila on Twitter: "Angola's problem they only focus on passing the ball to MANUCHO"
+- 1624:GET INVOLVED
+Fisayo Dairo on Twitter: "That's football! The Angolan striker hesitated in a more comfortable position than Majoro, defence cleared & they're punished."
+- 1622:SUBSTITUTION
+Another change for Angola, Gilberto on for Dede - but it's a long way back now for Gustavo Ferrin's side.
+- 1621:
+Angola had been much better in the second half but they defended really poorly there and this game is probably beyond them now. For all the criticism of the Black Antelopes defence there, it is worth pointing out that it was brilliant play by Lehlohonolo Majoro after Angola's attack had broken down at the other end.
+- 1618:GOAL- South Africa 2-0 Angola - Lehlohonolo Majoro (62 mins)
+He's only been on the pitch two minutes but Lehlohonolo Majoro latches onto a long ball, makes a fool of Angola defender Bastos and then nutmegs goalkeeper Lama from an angle.
+- 1615:SUBSTITUTION
+South Africa make their second change and Lehlohonolo Majoro comes on for the lively Tokelo Rantie. He can be happy with his day's work.
+- 1613:
+I'll be surprised if there's not more goals in this game. Mateus is causing South Africa problems down the wing and his cross is just cleared by Bafana Bafana's goalscorer Siyabonga Sangweni with Guilherme Afonso just behind him waiting to head home.
+- 1611:
+South Africa midfielder Dean Furman has a go from 20 yards and his curling effort is tipped wide by Angola goalkeeper Lama. This game is really starting to open up.
+- 1610:
+Angola are almost level, brilliant play by speed merchant Mateus down the wing and he pulls the ball back for Guilherme Afonso but the former Switzerland Under-21 international's shot is easily down low by Itumeleng Khune.
+- 1608:YELLOW CARD
+Angola defender Danu Massunguna goes into the book for a foul on Tokelo Rantie of South Africa. He's going to have to be careful for the last 40 minutes now.
+- 1607:
+Former South Africa captain Steven Pienaar, who retired from international football three months ago, on Twitter: "Now just hope Bongani score as well then all those critics will swallow a humble pie"
+- 1605:GET INVOLVED
+David Lopez on Twitter: "Furman was superb , made the team tick with good distribution and awareness. Surely will be picked up by a higher team in England"
+- 1604:SUBSTITUTION
+Angola are livid. They started the second half with 10 men because they were trying to bring on Djalma Campos for Gerlado and the game kicked off before the Kasımpasa forward came on. He has come on now.
+- 1602:KICK-OFF
+South Africa kick off and the second half has begun.
+- 1602:SUBSTITUTION
+South Africa have brought on Reneilwe Letsholonyane for May Mahlangu at half-time.
+- 1601:
+The teams come out for the second half. Angola need an improved performance here or they will lose this game.
+- 1557:GET INVOLVED
+Tshepo Errol Malatji on Twitter: "Good first half by Bafana, Dean Furman makes the team tick, him and May Mahlangu are the difference...."
+- 1556:GET INVOLVED
+Hlayiseka Ngobeni on Twitter: "Manucho's talent is hearsay, he might score a wonder goal here & there but his football is average. Similar to Balotelli if you ask me."
+He has been quiet here but that seems a bit harsh for a striker who has scored eight goals at previous Africa Cup of Nations tournament.
+- 1554:GET INVOLVED
+Nsama Nash Mubiana on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "South Africa have been fortunate they are playing Angola."
+Fidel Fid Fidel on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "South Africa has been the better team, they would have been up by more goals if the final ball was more precise. Bring on Serero, he has that."
+- 1550:GET INVOLVED
+Fisayo Dairo on Twitter: "Improved performance by Bafana Bafana. They keep getting better in the competition half by half. If they consolidate, can go far."
+Emmanuel Etim on Twitter: "A much better performance from the South African side today; totally deserved of their Goal."
+- 1546:HALF-TIME- South Africa 1-0 Angola
+South Africa have been much better than they were in the opening stalemate with Cape Verde and they deservedly lead. Angola are lucky to still be in the game and coach Gustavo Ferrin has his work cut out at half-time, he'll have to change something.
+- 1545:
+And moments later they are almost made to pay. Bernard Parker has a shot saved by Lama and seconds later the goalkeeper makes a mess of dealing with a cross but luckily for him Tokelo Rantie cannot take advantage.
+- 1544:
+Angola have a chance and Mateus has squandered it. Manucho brilliantly heads the ball down to his team-mate but the Nacional frontman really makes a hash of it and smashes the ball over the bar.
+- 1542:GET INVOLVED
+Luke Howden on Twitter: "I lived in Angola for 8 years, and there has always been promise but they rarely produce! They have some good players... Manucho is a talent, pity he didn't get more time at OT. I also think they miss the pace of Ze Kalanga on the wing COME ON ANGOLA!"
+- 1540:
+Manucho chases a long ball for Angola but South Africa goalkeeper Itumeleng Khune rushes out of his box and just beats him to the ball to head clear. A rare attack for the Black Antelopes.
+- 1538:GET INVOLVED
+James Jeffreys on Twitter: "Build-up play has been promising. Finally some composure in the box. Trust a defender to have it! C'mon Bafana!"
+- 1537:
+South Africa are bossing this now, and Angola need to make sure they're not out of this game by half-time. They have never beaten Bafana Bafana.
+- 1536:GET INVOLVED
+Aidz on Twitter: "Great goal, no doubt it was that was one of SA's woeful strikers then they would have missed"
+Muhammad Kola on Twitter: "Much better than the Cape Verde game and Tshabalala (who thinks he's messi) is not playing? Coincidence? I think not"
+- 1533:
+South Africa have been the better side in the opening half an hour, much-improved from their display against Cape Verde last time out. And as things stand they are now in control of Group A.
+- 1532:
+And this of course means Group A finally has a goal.
+- 1529:GOAL- South Africa 1-0 Angola - Siyabonga Sangweni (30 mins)
+You would never guess this lad was a defender, the ball falls to Siyabonga Sangweni from an angle and the Orlando Pirates man volleys home, leaving Lama in the Angola goal with no chance.
+- 1526:GET INVOLVED
+AEssof on Twitter: "This pitch isn't doing South Africa any favours. Extremely cut up and poor"
+Not sure I'd have too much sympathy when you consider they are the hosts.
+- 1523:
+Tokelo Rantie blazed a mile over after good interchange with Katlego Mphela. You can tell this country have won two Rugby World Cups before with kicking like that.
+- 1522:GET INVOLVED
+Muhammad Kola on Twitter: "This South African team will never get anywhere, no desire, no team spirit just a bunch of individuals"
+Maddy Williams on Twitter: "If RSA score today, I believe that they will have the self belief to go on and win! Come on, Bafana!"
+- 1519:
+This picture comes from BBC Sport's Seth Bennett at the Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban. Attendances have been low during the tournament but not when the hosts are playing.
+- 1516:
+Katlego Mphela does really well to barge Dani Massunguna off the ball on the byeline but there is nobody in the box to get on the end of it, great strength there by the South African.
+- 1511:
+South Africa have a chance but Siyabonga Sangweni cannot get on the end of May Mahlangu's header and the ball goes out for a goal-kick.
+- 1508:GET INVOLVED
+Paul B on Twitter: "Cup of Nations so far feels like early stages of Italia 90. Many teams afraid to lose, big names not showing technical confidence."
+- 1505:
+South Africa have their first half-chance, Katlego Mphela heading well over from Bernard Parker's free-kick.
+- 1504:
+First chance of the game and it is Angola's. Mateus charges forward and has a go from the edge of the box but it goes just wide.
+- 1500:KICK-OFF
+Angola kick off and we are under way in Durban.
+- 1458:
+National anthems finished, vuvuzelas at the ready. Now for the handshakes. We're almost there.
+- 1456:GET INVOLVED
+Hlayiseka Ngobeni on Twitter: "SA keeper to win this game for us through his distribution. It's second to none in world football."
+- 1453:
+Players have come out onto the pitch now at the Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban. We've seen some empty stadiums so far but no such problems when the hosts are playing.
+It's national anthem time.
+- 1447:
+I know what you're thinking - it's what I'm thinking too. No, not that.
+I mean what happens if no-one scores a goal in this group at all? Well, don't worry I've checked the Africa Cup of Nations regulations - the two teams to progress would be decided by a "fair play points system taking into account the number of yellow and red cards".
+Let's hope it doesn't come to that.
+- 1445:BBC Sport's Matthew Kenyon in South Africa
+"I was hugely disappointed by the games on the opening day but it's improved since then. Who would have thought there would be such drama in two 1-1 draws in Nelspruit? Everyone who warned about the dangers of taking debutants Cape Verde and long-term absentees Ethiopia for granted has been proved correct."
+- 1441:GET INVOLVED
+Suzain Zulu on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "I don't think South Africa has what it takes to go past the group stage, they are still developing."
+Edson Mukoma on BBC Love African Football Facebook page: "If South Africa come the way they played with Cape Verde they are on their way out."
+- 1439:GET INVOLVED
+Potato people on Twitter: "South Africa are going to have to up their game if they want to progress there were few positives against Cape Verde"
+- 1436:
+The line-ups from our opening game have been confirmed. Five changes for South Africa and one)
+- 1435:BBC Sport's Nick Cavell in South Africa
+"It's been a poor start, I'd say that the DR Congo/Ghana match has been the best game technically, and Tresor Mputu Mabi stands out as the best player at the tournament so far. He really should be playing in Europe rather than with TP Mazembe. Overall it's not been a good advert for African football so far, but Group C has been a lively affair with an excellent game between Zambia and Ethiopia."
+- 1433:
+In our second game of the day, we have Morocco facing Cape Verde (18:00 GMT). Montpellier attacker Younes Belhanda could come in for the North African side after their opening draw with Angola.
+Toni Varela and Babanco are injury doubts for Cape Verde, a group of islands with a population little over 500,000. This is their first ever time at the Africa Cup of Nations.
+But more on that later.
+- 1432:
+This is what the two parties had to say in the build-up to this game.
+South Africa coach Gordon Igesund: "There is a lot of talk about the team of 1996 [when South Africa won the tournament] - it is right in our face all the time.
+"Our players want to emulate that team, the nation wants the current players to emulate that team, and the stars who won the title 17 years ago want my team to succeed."
+Angola striker Manucho: "Our performance against Morocco was satisfactory. I came close a few times and it is encouraging that we created chances."
+- 1430:BBC Sport's John Bennett in South Africa
+No goal in six games for the man known as "killer" - Katlego Mphela. Will he end his (and South Africa's) drought today?
+- 1428:BBC Sport's Steve Vickers in South Africa
+"I've witnessed the huge passion of African football at two games here. The opening game at Soccer City/National Stadium between South Africa and Cape Verde was a poor game, but the sound of the vuvuzelas blasting away at what is a fantastic stadium was memorable. Then I was there to witness even more decibels as the Ethiopia fans produced incredible noise in Nelspruit against Zambia in what was a thriller, though of course the bottle-throwing incidents were bad."
+- 1427:
+This is how the BBC will be reporting on the Africa Cup of Nations - we are covering the tournament on radio, TV, online and mobile from day one to the final.
+BBC World Service will bring commentary on all the key matches, with regular updates from the tournament being broadcast by BBC World News as well as the BBC's TV programmes for Africa. We will have a live text commentary of every game on the BBC Sport website just like this one..
+- 1426:BBC Sport's Masro Hans in South Africa
+"I'd say that so far the level has been medium, but the tournament is on a good track and maybe it will go up a notch in the second round of group games. The Ivory Coast/Togo game was not brilliant in terms of quality, Togo did well but Ivory Coast's experience prevailed. But the Elephants have to raise their level of play."
+- 1423:GET INVOLVED
+Now, we want you to have your say on the Africa Cup of Nations. Will we see our first goal in this group? Can hosts South Africa pick up their first victory of the tournament? Can Cape Verde shock Morocco later? More generally than that, who do you think will win the tournament? Is there a potential winner in Group A?
+Let us know on Twitter using the hashtag #bbcafcon, by text on 81111 (UK users only) or +44 77 86 20 50 75 (international) and on Facebook by using the new African Football BBC page.
+- 1421:
+We're in day five now but in case you need reminding what this tournament is all about - the Africa Cup of Nations features 16 of the continent's finest international sides.
+Johannesburg, Durban, Nelspruit, Port Elizabeth and Rustenburg are the host cities in South Africa for the event which is being played 12 months after the previous finals because of a change in the event's timing from even to odd years.
+It was meant to be in Libya, but they swapped the tournament with South Africa's 2017 event because of violence in the North African country.
+The teams are split into four groups containing four countries, of which two teams from each pool qualify through to the quarter-finals. The tournament then concludes on 10 February with the final.
+Ivory Coast are the favourites again as they have been for each of the five tournaments since 2006, but Zambia are the holders following their shock win over 'Les Elephants' in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea last year.
+- 1417:BBC Sport's John Bennett in South Africa
+"The tournament hasn't sprung to life yet, too many teams were afraid to lose. But there's been some fantastic late drama and I was lucky enough to be there for the goal of the tournament so far - Youseff Msakni's winner for Tunisia last night. Ivory Coast were far from their best in their opening match, but they have more match-winners than anyone else and they remain my favourites to win the cup."
+- 1416:
+The Bafana Bafana are not the African footballing power they once were and quite possibly would not even have been at the tournament if they did not step in to host it after the political turmoil in Libya.
+Angola come into the game on the back of a stalemate with Morocco and with a full-strength squad. Their key man, Manucho, has scored eight Africa Cup of Nations goals in his career.
+- 1416:
+South Africa make five changes following a disappointing 0-0 draw against tournament debutants Cape Verde on the opening day. Striker Katlego Mphela comes in after a long-term injury, while Oldham midfielder Dean Furman starts following injuries to Kagisho Dikgacoi and Lerato Chabangu.
+Just the one change for Angola, Guilherme Afonso coming in for Mingo Bile.
+- 1415:
+Over the next 45 minutes I will be building up to our opening game - South Africa v Angola - as well as giving you the reactions of our men in South Africa to the opening round of the tournament.
+- 1415:
+Welcome to day five of the Africa Cup of Nations as the second round of group fixtures gets under way. Make yourself comfortable because I'm going to be talking you through two games today - South Africa v Angola and Morocco v Cape Verde, both at the Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban.
+Just a warning not to make yourself too comfortable if you're reading this at work - some companies don't approve of lounge pants and slippers.
+We have seen all 16 teams in action now, and it has been a very close opening round so far. Five of the eight games so far have ended in draws - and the three victors all scored their winners in the last 10 minutes.
+Group A of course is goalless after two blanks on the opening day.
+Related to this story
+Group A team profiles
+South Africa team profile
+A profile of hosts South Africa's squad at the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations.
+Latest Football
+Africa Cup of Nations
+New Delhi: India’s premier investigating agency, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has, for over five years now, been probing the alleged complicity of certain senior officials of the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) –– that oversees the administration of the small but important part of the National Capital Territory (NCT) in which India’s most influential individuals reside ––with the owners of the fancy, five-star Hotel Le Meridien, to evade statutory dues. The CBI seems to have acted in a rather tardy manner and the council, too, has apparently not made major efforts to expedite the recovery of its dues, as it appears after a review of documents related to the case by NewsClick.
+The CBI inquiry was initiated in October 2015 when, following allegations that the company owning the hotel had not paid licence fees, the NDMC was asked to submit records relating to the dues of several opulent hotels in central Delhi, including Hotel Lalit, Hotel Taj Mahal, besides Hotel Le Meridien. While the initial probe by CBI was only against Le Meridien, the scope of investigations was later widened to include other hotels in Lutyens’ Bungalow Zone (LBZ) operating under similar licencing arrangements with NDMC.
+The area that comes under the NCT of Delhi is administered by three local bodies, the then Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), the NDMC and the Cantonment Board. The MCD (it was trifurcated into three corporations in 2012) oversees approximately 96% of the area and the population of the Union Territory of Delhi, whereas the NDMC area is barely 3% of the area where a similar proportion of the population of the NCT lives. However, this relatively small area has historically been the seat of central authority in the Union of India. The LBZ includes Rashtrapati Bhawan, Parliament House, the Supreme Court of India, North Block and South Block, buildings used by state governments, besides several offices of the Union government and diplomatic missions.
+The government of India is almost the sole landowner of the NDMC area and also owns around 80% of the buildings in the area. There are just a few privately-owned properties in this area, and these are owned by the wealthy. It is, therefore, surprising that the powers-that-be have dragged their feet in getting its dues from the company that owns a plush hotel in the heart of the nation’s capital.
+Token Coercive Action
+Over a period of five years, the only coercive action that has been taken in the case relating to non-recovery of dues from the company owning Hotel Le Meridien, that is, CJ International Hotels Limited (CJIH), seems to be the suspension of a junior NDMC official in March 2019 for allegedly engineering a fraudulent licence fee settlement with the company.
+The NDMC leased out 4.5 acres of prime land for the hotel located at 1 Windsor Place, Janpath. CJIH is required to pay an annual licence fee to NDMC that is just over one-fifth or 21% of its gross turnover or an amount of Rs 2.68 crore, whichever is higher. This fee is payable for use of the land leased to the firm as per an agreement executed in July 1982.
+More than three decades later, in March 2015, at a time when the company reportedly owed a total of Rs 526.96 crore to the government, the NDMC decided to “settle” the licence fee dispute for a one-time payment of only Rs 150.92 crore or less than one-third of the amount allegedly owed to it.
+Hotel Le Meridien’s licence was terminated by NDMC in March 2017 after it alleged that not only had CJIH’s promoters colluded with certain officials of the municipal body to cook up a highly truncated “outstanding” licence fee amount, but had also constructed structures on sub-leased areas within the hotel premises for commercial activities in an unauthorised manner, thereby earning windfall profits illegally.
+Notwithstanding the original agreement that CJIH had with NDMC –– and the profits that had accrued from running its hospitality services together with the leasing out of commercial spaces within the hotel’s premises –– the company pleaded in court that the amount demanded from it by way of licence fees was “atrocious(ly)” high.
+The hotel’s promoters had gone to the Delhi High Court after NDMC issued a recovery notice against it in 1999 demanding a payment of Rs 1.09 crore. In the notice, the NDMC had threatened that that if CJIH failed to pay its dues, it would be liable to forfeit ownership of the property. Two years later, however, the high court issued an order restraining NDMC from seizing the hotel, provided its promoters paid the outstanding licence fees together with an interest of 10% per annum. After HC order issued in May 2001, the company began paying a sum of Rs 1 crore every month to NDMC.
+A source, speaking on condition of anonymity, told one of the authors of this article that Rs 1 crore that was being paid once a month was merely the arrears of licence fees that had accumulated and needed to be cleared. Besides, these payments were made in an ad-hoc manner, he claimed.
+The Delhi High Court order was apparently not adhered to. The order had estimated that CJIH owed NDMC a “principal” amount of Rs 269.99 crore by way of unpaid licence fees. In addition, Rs 256.97 crore was the interest dues. “The total dues of the company, thus, worked out to approximately Rs 526.96 crore at the end of the financial year 2013-14,” the source added.
+Curious Legal Tussles
+Surprisingly, a letter was issued by NDMC on March 2, 2015, pegging the outstanding licence fees at just Rs 150.92 crore. The company’s promoters paid up the amount in less than a month.
+The then NDMC head, Jalaj Srivastava, a 1984-batch officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), is reported to have said: “We received four cheques today (March 26, 2015) from CJ International Hotels Ltd amounting to Rs 150.92 crore towards licence fee arrears in respect of Hotel Le Meridien. We would also be adjusting Rs 29.50 crore paid by them during the financial year 2014-15. Hence, the total amount recovered during the year is Rs 180.42 crore … As per the orders of Justice SK Mahajan, we had recalculated the arrears of licence fee amounting to Rs 150.92 crore. We had sent them a letter earlier this month asking them to clear the dues by March 31 and they have done so without any ‘unpleasantness’.”
+In April 2015, the case instituted by NDMC against CJIH was withdrawn from the Delhi High Court on the insistence of the hotel’s promoters. Still, all was far from well.
+The Union Home Ministry, which at that time was headed by Rajnath Singh, a senior leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (who is now Union Defence Minister), ordered a CBI inquiry into the allegations of evasion of licence fee by the company. In its own internal inquiry report dated July 20, 2015, the ministry noted that there was need for wider investigation into the affairs of the hotel.
+The report specifically noted that it was important to investigate if there existed any links between officials of NDMC and those in CJIH headed by Harjit Kaur, chairperson of the company’s board of directors. Kaur is the widow of the late businessman-turned-politician Charanjeet Singh, who was elected to the Lok Sabha from the South Delhi constituency on a Congress ticket in the 1980 general elections.
+The slow pace of the CBI investigation and the lackadaisical manner in which the NDMC has acted to recover its dues are all the more surprising, given the past association of CJIH’s promoter with the political opponents of the ruling BJP.
+The CBI enquiry into the affairs of the firm that owns Le Meridien was ordered after the report of the Home Ministry was sent to it. At the eye of the storm was IAS officer Srivastava who had headed NDMC between July 2013 and April 2015. He superannuated in April 2019, after reaching the mandatory retirement age.
+The CBI probe opened a can of worms. Citing the agency’s investigation report, the NDMC appealed the Delhi High Court urging it to reopen the case. CJIH’s lawyers pointed out that the company had already paid the Rs 150.92 crore demanded of it in March 2015. In its application to the court, the company relied upon two file notings dated March 13 and April 29, 2015. These notings had purportedly been made by the then senior assistant of NDMC, Kishore Prasad, after the council met on February 26, 2015. At that meeting, it was claimed that the “net arrears” of CJIH till the end of March 2014 totalled Rs 150.92 crore.
+Lawyers representing the hotel company’s promoters argued in court that the figure of Rs 150.92 crore had been approved by those at the highest levels in NDMC. (As alluded to earlier, Prasad’s service in NDMC was terminated following an internal inquiry.) Against the Delhi High Court’s order allowing five deductions to the outstanding licence fee, Prasad and other officials in the NDMC had reportedly allowed 21 deductions and thus, the outstanding amount owed by CJIH was slashed to Rs 150.92 crore.
+In August 2016, the earlier court order closing the case, was set aside by the high court and a fresh round of legal tussles began. According to the annual financial statement of CJIH, till the end of fiscal 2013-14, the municipal body had calculated that the amount outstanding as licence fee from CJIH at Rs 518.18 crore. A demand notice for the amount was issued on November 7, 2016.
+The lawyers representing the hotel company’s promoters, however, claimed that CJIH owed nothing to NDMC as the outstanding licence fee of Rs 150.92 crore had already been paid.
+An inspection was then conducted by senior NDMC officials of the hotel’s premises to ascertain if commercial spaces inside it had been sub-leased in an illegal manner. The findings of this inspection were discussed by the council’s members on March 2, 2017. The recorded minutes of this meeting indicate that, according to the inspection report of NDMC, the hotel’s promoters had not only violated the terms and conditions of the lease agreement but had also made windfall profits by sub-leasing commercial spaces.
+The minutes read:
+“(b) … [the inspection] revealed that 29 shops in the Hotel and 95 spaces in the commercial tower at the Hotel Property, with an aggregate area of 83,749 square feet, were illegally sub-licenced for a consideration at Rs. 330 per square feet per month, which in total comes to Rs. 2.75 Crores per month. The said consideration earned on account of illegal sub-licensing is being suppressed in the balance sheet of the Company while calculating the Gross Turnover.
+“(c) CJIH was not permitted to sub-licence the said 29 shops in the Hotel and 95 spaces in the commercial towers, as per the terms of the Licence Deed, and the Company by doing so, has played a fraud upon NDMC by not only suppressing the income while calculating gross turnover but also violation of the Licence Deed/breach of agreement. The NDMC noted that the sub-licenced spaces are liable for sealing and eviction.”
+Subsequently, NDMC issued a notice demanding Rs 124.84 crore from CJIH as penalty for violating building bylaws by constructing unauthorised commercial units within the premises of Le Meridien.
+A detailed questionnaire was emailed to the NDMC chairman, IAS officer Dharmendra (he uses only one name) and the council’s director (public relations) R N Singh on the night of Monday, January 11, 2022. We asked them to detail the steps taken to recover the council’s dues from CJIH.
+We also wrote to CJIH chairperson Harjit Kaur and the company’s director Tarun Thakral asking them to explain how Hotel Le Meridien has continued to operate despite the termination of its licence.
+No response had been received from either the officials of NDMC or CJIH till the time of publication. This article will be updated as and when the responses are received.
+The Delhi High Court was informed by NDMC in September 2021 that orders directing the eviction of the company from the hotel’s premises had been issued. The CBI had also been informed by NDMC that the closure order of the legal case that had been issued by the court in November 2016 had since been set aside by the same court
+It may be recalled that CJIH had been incorporated in November 1981 as a subsidiary of Pure Drinks Private Limited, the makers of the now-discontinued aerated soft drink brand Campa Cola. Hotel Le Meridien had been set up by CJIH at a time when there was “inadequate” luxury accommodation for foreigners who were expected to visit Delhi for the 1982 Asian Games.
+When will CBI complete its probe on whether top government officials in the NDMC colluded with the promoters of a private hotel company to allow them to get away with paying meagre licence fees for occupying expensive land in the heart of the national capital for nearly four decades? The dispute is expected to be soon heard by the Delhi High Court.
+The authors are independent<<
+A potato farmer in Dapu, China, about 240 km northwest of Beijing, guides his cart full of manure along a small plot of land and places small piles for fertilization. Simplot hopes to have potatoes grown locally for their plant that opened in Beijing in 1995. Photos by Kathryn Scott-Osler©/The Oregonian.
+Classic nonfiction narratives have a protagonist, a quest, and a set of obstacles. I had all three ingredients in 1998, although I confess I didn’t know enough about narrative theory to express it in even these most basic terms.
+The protagonist: me, a freshly minted Nieman alumnus, easing back into The Oregonian’s newsroom after a magical year at Harvard.
+The quest: to explain to our readers the Asian financial crisis, a looming debacle that appeared remote and forbiddingly technical to most Americans.
+The obstacles: The first one emerged immediately in the puzzled expression of an editor, when I announced that to tell this story I wanted to follow French fries halfway around the world.
+I imagined that the protagonist of this story-behind-the-story was well qualified. In fact, my credentials were flawed. Sure, I knew a fair amount about Asia from eight years of reporting in the region during its economic boom. And yes, for an English major, I knew at least something about economics after studying at Harvard with professors such as Dwight Perkins and Ezra Vogel. But I had never tried to write a long-form narrative series, let alone the hybrid explanatory narrative that I proposed. Scene setting, for me, was something I did as a cub reporter in pyramid-style stories from the scenes of crimes.
+Heck, narrative writing looked easy. Tom Hallman, the master of the form in our newsroom, spun out compelling narratives on everything from a salesman who persisted despite cerebral palsy to a deputy district attorney who prosecuted a drunken driving case. But editors twice rejected my proposal to explain the Asian crisis by tracing the path of a potato from a farmer’s field to a fast-food outlet in the Far East.
+The rejections were disappointing because it all made perfect sense to me. French fries were a $2 billion Northwest industry bound to suffer as Asian markets tanked. The fries’ main customers in Asia were members of the region’s emerging middle class, which was crucial not only to economic development but to the growth of democracy. And after all, anyone—even a sleepy morning newspaper reader—can relate to a French fry.
+In time an ally emerged, as happens to fortunate protagonists, in the form of Therese Bottomly, a managing editor, who rescued my proposal. Soon Jack Hart, The Oregonian’s writing coach and Bottomly’s colleague as managing editor, surfaced as editor for the project. Hart puzzled over the concept because it didn’t fit the usual narrative format.
+There was no main character, unless it was the inanimate spud. He advised picking a particular container of French fries to follow wherever it went. This would at least make the story specific and real.
+On a visit to the J.R. Simplot Co. French fry factory, I found a batch of fries headed for Indonesia, the nation hardest hit by the financial downturn. A shipping clerk located the growers of this particular lot, using a computer tracking system established to trace worldwide sources of food poisoning. A colony of Hutterites, members of a Germanic sect reminiscent of the Amish, turned out to have nursed my spuds from seedlings. Gaining access to the remote colony was tricky, but not as difficult as penetrating the public relations walls around McDonald’s, which bought the fries.
+I rode to port on the French fry truck, which as luck would have it was driven by a Vietnam veteran. He described Asia during the era before battlefields became trade zones. I interviewed the ship’s captain and met the vessel in Hong Kong, encountering drama during a storm. I winced when McDonald’s diverted this shipment of fries to Singapore, avoiding deteriorating conditions in Indonesia. But I soon realized that the unexpected turn gave my story a good real-world twist.
+Photographer Kathryn Scott-Osler and I waded into the dark freezer of a McDonald’s outlet in Singapore to find our potatoes’ code number marked on the boxes. We interviewed customers, who were startled by our interest in French fries as financial clouds whirled around this normally placid city-state.
+The French fry narrative began to take form. Still relying on these potatoes as the story’s connective thread, I could explain stark contrasts among countries in a region that can appear homogenous from afar. The story could show that while French fries are the ultimate uniform global product, the worldwide cast of characters producing and marketing them could not be more diverse. The potatos’ journey could take the reader to the heart of the growing Asian crisis.
+From Singapore, we traveled on to Indonesia, arriving in time to cover the riots that led ultimately to President Suharto’s resignation. In Jakarta, a Simplot manager paid a wide-eyed trucker to drive a fuel tanker through mobs and fires to power a generator that kept McDonald’s fries frozen.
+The Oregonian, a regional paper, lacked foreign bureaus to cover daily developments in the Asian meltdown. But that disadvantage gave us the luxury of stepping back and putting the financial collapse in context for readers who didn’t follow the breaking news. As Curator Bill Kovach said during our Nieman year: “These days, the context is almost as important as the story.”
+I caught the last plane out of riottorn Jakarta to head home. Soon I set out to write the story and quickly discovered the writing of long-form narrative journalism can be about as challenging as surviving a revolution. Good storytelling can lull you into thinking that narratives are merely a bunch of color interspersed with facts. Write a piece that way, and you’ll end up with a bedtime story.
+Hart helped me outline the piece in scenes and points. Each scene had to have a point, or we cut it. Hart also imposed discipline in limiting the number of characters for maximum effect. He made sure that we constantly oriented the reader in time and place. He curbed my temptation to include fascinating French fry trivia at every turn.
+I tried, however crudely, to emulate John McPhee. This was a story about French fries, much as McPhee once wrote a book about oranges. And yet it wasn’t really about French fries. We used the spuds to pull the reader along, but we traveled intentionally out on numerous tangents. Each digression aimed to teach the reader something about the global economy, about currency flows, about the differences between Asian countries or effects of the financial crisis on people in the United States. Creating such a meandering trail was full of risks. Go too far out on a tangent and suddenly you can almost hear a reader say, “Huh? I thought this was a story about French fries. Hey Martha, is ‘Jeopardy’ on yet?”
+I discovered that after having completed the outline of a narrative story, I would need to rereport much of the action. Editors who haven’t worked on narrative projects might not realize the amount of time and effort this re-reporting requires. The problem is that a writer reporting a narrative story doesn’t know what scenes will ultimately be used. So I didn’t know until later to ask the farmer what he wore the day he planted these spuds, or what he taught the colony’s kids that morning in German class. I returned to the Hutterite colony and spent a day riding a wheat combine with the farmer. I asked him so many seemingly irrelevant questions that he might well have ejected me into the 104-degree field.
+I struggled especially to write reconstructed narrative, the sections in which we worked to recreate scenes that had occurred before I entered the French fry factory and began observing events first hand. I found myself confusing summary narrative, which condenses events, with dramatic narrative, which presents vivid scenes that allow readers to experience the story with the characters. These indelible scenes carry the full force of narrative storytelling, whether fiction or nonfiction. Done well, they pull a reader into a story so far that he forgets his surroundings and remembers the point long after recycling the newspaper. To create such scenes, journalists must think like fiction writers, considering plot, point of view, atmosphere and tone. That’s challenging for those of us reared on traditional news writing.
+The narrative approach doesn’t fit every story, or even many stories. And it raises a new set of ethical issues: By seeing events through the eyes of a main character, are we shortchanging other viewpoints? By arranging plot points and scenes, are we bending reality to fit a preconceived narrative structure?
+If I had written the story you are now reading in narrative, it might culminate EDITOR’S NOTE
+Read won the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for explanatory reporting for his series “The French Fry Connection.”with a scene at the Pulitzer Prize awards luncheon. There I met McPhee, who won a Pulitzer in the same year. But my own conclusion is far from written.
+I’ve struggled lately to fuse narrative writing with investigative reporting, a pursuit that makes French fries seem relatively easy. Novelists don’t confront characters who decline to be identified or who announce halfway through the book that they won’t participate.
+But daily newspapers can harness the power of narrative writing. Consider the difference between perusing a traditional news account of a hurricane and reading, or viewing, the harrowing scenes of “The Perfect Storm.” The vast gulf between the two approaches contains rich territory for journalists.
+For inspiration, I have only to look to my daughter, who was an infant when I chased potatoes through Jakarta’s flaming streets. Jerome Stern, in “Making Shapely Fiction,” says that like a child in a tantrum, when you want everyone’s attention you “make a scene,” using the writer’s full complement of “dialogue, physical reactions, gestures, smells, sounds and thoughts.” At almost three years of age, my daughter resorts less often to this form of expression as she learns to summarize experience in words. But I hope she won’t forget, as I might have, that there are virtues in making a scene.
+Simplot uses a storage complex in Zhuo Lu outside of Beijing. The storage holds about 3,000 tons of locally grown potatoes, and this worker earns about nine yuan per day for hauling potatoes on his back and loading them on a truck.
+Lola DuPuis has been a Simplot employee for 20 years, sorting through freshly cut potatoes on their way to becoming French fries bound for McDonald’s worldwide.
+Richard Read, The Oregonian’s senior writer for international affairs and special projects, reported and wrote “The French Fry Connection,” which can be read at.
+Second Chances for Custom Bikes?
+Peter Mooney is a famed local framebuilder who has been making custom bicycles since the 1970s, including his own lugwork. I love his frames and very much hope to have one of my own some day. And for a brief, dazzling moment, it seemed that such a day might come much, much sooner than I expected.
+As usual, these things have a way of finding me when I am not looking, and in this case the "thing" was a second hand Peter Mooney bicycle. As soon as I learned of the bike's existence and availability, I was ready to bargain and prepared to sell or trade my other vintage roadbikes in order to get it. Going by the description, it seemed that the frame was my size - so it was only a matter of seeing it in person and test riding it.
+But the stars were not aligned in my favour. Although the bicycle does not look all that small in the pictures (compare it to my Moser), it felt very small once I tried to ride it. The size is 50cm (center of the bottom bracket to toptube), which is only 2cm smaller than the size I normally ride - so maybe there was something additional in the proportions that didn't feel right to me. Not sure what it could be, because the top tube actually seems long-ish, and the stem is long as well. Does anything unusual jump out at you, looking at this frame?
+And I guess that is just the thing with a custom-built frame: It was custom-built for someone else, which is bound to make second-hand purchases tricky. And the fact that it was built for someone else (judging by the components, most likely in the mid-1980s?) also makes me wonder what is the story of this bicycle - why did the previous owner give it up?
+The bicycle certainly has nice components - Campagnolo everything. And though it was clearly ridden, it looks to have been well maintained.
+The elegant seat cluster with the white outlining is my favourite part of the lugwork. I hope the original owner appreciated it as well.
+Who knows, maybe some years from now I will have a Peter Mooney bicycle of my own - in my size, in my favourite colour, and maybe even with custom lugwork (let's just say that I already have sketches for the lugwork!). But with this particular bike, I am glad that I was able to resist. It's a bad idea to get a bicycle that doesn't fit you, no matter how good of a deal it is.
+If you are between 5'3" and 5'6" and are interested in this bicycle - it is in the custody of Vin at Old Roads, whose contact information you can find here. For the right person, it is a rare chance to own a bicycle by one of the great framebuilders. But what are your thoughts on getting a custom bike second-hand? I imagine that the more unique the original owner's anatomy, the more difficult it would be to find a new home. I wonder how many custom bikes get second chances, and what are the circumstances under which they switch owners.
+That Peter Mooney is a beautiful bike. But you were wise not to buy it. I've made the mistake of buying bikes that didn't, or couldn't be made to, fit. Ouch!
+Ron Cooper is considered by many to be the greatest living frame builder... he has been building bicycles since the 1940's.
+I happened upon one of his frames a few years ago and you would think the bicycle had been built for me... it fit that well.
+Light, stiff, fast and built to a standard that only a handful of builders can hope to attain.
+It has spoiled me for any other vintage road bike and further inspired me to build my own.
+As I have acquired age I have found myself more resistant to a "deal" if it's not perfect or close to it, as well.
+That being said, I was having a conversation last night about frame size, dimensions and geometry.
+I am 5'8" fairly proportionate and my bf is 6'1" and a tad short legged (not uncommon in men vs. women).
+We ride the same size frame road bike and our mechanic friend was trying to convince bf he should try a larger frame and see what he thinks.
+If your going on long rides top tube clearance should not be the large determinig factor as much as length so you are stretched out fully and more comfortable.
+Based on those photos the head tube looks fairly small, though the legwork is absolutely beautiful!
+I think finding the right second owner could be both time consuming and incredibly rewarding for the right person. Also considering, breathing new life into a frame if lends itself to simple alterations like bars and tires for another purpose.
+I bought a vintage frame a while back and quickly decided it was a tad small, after sitting on it for a few months I've now seen it's higher purpose. Ditch the drop bars and 5 spd freewheel, convert the hub, change the brake levers, voilà the perfect around town fixed gear, and I will not have spent a fortune.
+I'm dying to know, Bianchi or no???
+The parts alone are to die for, those are some very rare campy jems. To bad it was to small for you. I thing a lot of road frames feel tight and compact.
+"Fit" encompasses a lot: not only should a bike fit the body, but also the purpose. I'm sure the original owner had a purpose in mind (racing, club riding, touring, whatever) before he was sized up, chose the color and picked the components. The buyer of this bike will have to have the same coincidence of fit and purpose.
+In my experience, most "custom" bikes are simply hand made bikes. There are very few standard deviants that really need custom geometry. So when you do find a hand made bike in your size, three's a real good chance it will fit you the same as any bike in that size.
+The Rivendell I bought used on The Bay is a good example. It has the exact same dimensions as the one I worked with Grant to design. Different features and capabilities, but the dimensions and fit are the same, and actually mimic the dimensions of most production Rivendells as well.
+So keep looking for that Mooney. It's out there!
+Bummer. It was just not meant to be. Your destiny is to have one custom built for you in all your favorite colors. :)
+Sixty-Fiver - That is a great story, very lucky indeed!
+ann ladson - Yes : ) It needed work on the bottom bracket that we couldn't do ourselves, but now it's back from the mechanic and I am hoping to have it ridable within a week!
+cyclotourist - On the one hand I agree, but on the other hand I know several people who have bought custom bikes second hand and were not happy with them. It could be the proportions, or it could be the intended purpose of the bike - but something was off.
+You have to be careful buying a second hand anything, particularly a bicycle. They can be weird experiments that never really work out or they can just be pitiful orphans looking for a warm basement to live in and a friend to go ride with.
+My mountainbike is a secondhand steel hardtail built by a builder named"Stickle" who worked out of a shop here in Harrisonburg for a couple of years. It's really well built and finished in a dark metallic green. A really handsome frame. It hung in my local bike pushers shop for 2-3 years at a suspiciously low price till I traded some plumbing work for it.
+The tale of that bike is that it was made for a guy who didn't like the look of a bunch of headset spacers stacked up under the stem so he had the headtube made a little taller than normal. It does looks a little unusual, but not strange or ugly, it also doesn't effect the clearance in a significant way. Word also got around that it had a really steep head-angle that made it twitchy and prone to bite. It is really only a little on the steep side of average and isn't a problem to ride at all, but the effect of the gossip made it so that nobody wanted it at all and I got a slightly used $2400 frame in exchange for a long day of plumbing. At that price I could afford to take a chance.
+I would NEVER pay anywhere near full price for a second hand frame from a builder who was still doing business and I would be pretty careful to give anything a good sniff before writing a check regardless of the price. But for those of us who have to do this on the cheap, a used Marinoni, Bruce Gordon or Peter Mooney is the only kind were ever going to have.
+God bless those guys who have a new frame built every year or so and trade last years frame in exchange for building up this years. I just wish they had a little better taste sometimes...The used Serotta roadbike hanging in the shop right now is PERFECT in just about every way except for the unfortunate shade of dusty rose... It's just about down to my price level now too, but that color...Bleh.
+Spindizzy
+Once upon a time I had to pass on a lovely black and chrome, all Campy NR Schwinn Paramount; four hundred bucks.
+Broke my heart, still does if it comes to that, but it was the wrong size and I don't collect, I ride.
+That's the way it goes sometimes; the gem is nice but it's for somebody else.
+Nice ride, classic mid-80's, looks light, responsive, meant to be ridden fast!
+One thing about getting a vintage bike - custom or not - is that the ride experience is very different. My primary bike is a 1983 Trek 760, it used to have similar components to the Peter Mooney bike, but I upgraded to a modern Shimano 9-speed component group. The extra gears and indexed shifting make a huge difference, along with the 39-tooth small chainring (vs. 42). Another thing is that modern brakes are far superior to the Campy NR/SR (Cobalto in this case), although I didn't have aero levers, and can't compare them. In general, the modern components make riding more enjoyable for me, and sometimes I just feel safer being able to shift with my hands on my handlebars.
+Bottom line is that I don't know if I would buy a vintage bike as a primary bike if my purpose was fast club rides and I had no alternative. I would, however, consider it if I wanted to enjoy the retro feel of the experience.
+I later bought a second-hand 2000 Fuji Team which is a little small for me, but the price was too good to pass up, and it's fine for anything less than 50 miles. If I had this bike before deciding to upgrade my Trek, I might have reconsidered.
+Spindizzy wrote...
+"God bless those guys who have a new frame built every year or so and trade last years frame in exchange for building up this years."
+really, people do that?..
+Dusty rose actually sounds nice to me, but not the Serotta part!
+Roger - can't use non-aero levers, and I seem to dislike all drop bars other than Nitto Noodles, so those are the two components I'd definitely change (oh and the pedals!). But the Campagnolo drive train and brakes I quite like.
+"really, people do that?.."
+Yes. There are also those who don't go quite that far and only have the frame repainted every year and all the parts changed.
+When I ordered my Quickbeam and the issue of repainting came up it was suggested that I could just wait for my first repaint to get the color I wanted. The idea seemed to be that I was just going to do that anyway in a year or two, so I could save some money. My thought was "Why would I want to wait 20 years with a color I don't want?"
+There was an impedance mismatch in "world view."
+"not the Serotta part!"
+Ben used to make some really nice classical frames back in the day. He also went bankrupt. He was saved by an actual, honest to god, sympathetic local banker. The doctors and lawyers that now pay his bills keep him from becoming another Dorel brand. I no longer have any interest in his bikes, but I understand why he does it that way.
+"But the Campagnolo . . . brakes I quite like."
+Contrariwise to a comment in the vintage thread these brakes are still my favorites (not the gauche Cobaltos though). They are not less powerful than the new brakes; that is exactly the problem with the new brakes.
+Which makes me wonder, have you actually used these and know you can? There are reasons people think the new brakes are more powerful even though they aren't which are relevant to your situation.
+I recently rode a bike that should have fit me. And it is one I have lusted after, not custom but no longer made either. I felt as though I was perched on top of it and that every vibration was instantly transmitted to my body, and the handling was way too quick. Had to do with the geometry and the narrow width of the tires I think. Guess I've been spoiled by my Rivendell.
+kfg - I can and have used these brakes and similar, on other bikes. But I haven't been able to comfortably use any of the non-aero levers I've tried, including the Campagnolo ones here. Don't have the hand strength. The only roadbike levers I've been able to properly use thus far (without pain or electric currents running though my hands) are the Tektro 100A (also rebranded as Origin8 and Cane Creek).
+Jim - Which bike?
+I own (and ride daily) two peter mooney bikes. One is a dedicated commute bike, and one is a fast weekend fun bike. The bikes were expensive compared to many bikes, but one of the greatest bargains that I could have found - I don't own a car, and the sum of the cost of both bikes is still less than a crappy car would cost. My fun bike cost less than many 'off the rack' carbon racing bikes that other people in my bike club ride, and is 10x the bike. Save your pennies, and go through the whole process with Peter- the result is well worth it. FWIW, my fun bike is the red and black frame on gallery page 5 on his web site:ReplyDelete.
+The bike I rode was a Ritchey Road Logic. Great bike, but it didn't feel right to me.
+@kfg: All I can say is I switched from vintage SR non-aero to Dura-Ace dual pivot (7401) and I noticed an immediate improvement in stopping power, especially descending down a steep hill. I can't say if aero levers on the SR calipers would be better or worse...
+"I haven't been able to comfortably use any of the non-aero levers I've tried, including the Campagnolo ones"
+Exactly. It's the levers that have changed, not the brakes (the changes made to brakes are just to compensate for the problems introduced by the new levers; they don't increase power). There is a mismatch between the new and old that brings problems.
+kfg - Not disagreeing with any of what you're saying and have always found vintage brakes fine; I especially like vintage centerpulls.
+Roger - As those of us with at least one foot in the serial retro-grouch camp are wont to say; "You can lock up the brakes, how much more power do you think you need?"
+And the answer is: None more power. Lockup is the limit.
+As Archimedes was wont to say; "Give me a lever long enough and a place to stand and I will move the world."
+But he wouldn't move it very far. It's how far you move something the determines the power. Your new brakes don't have more power, they just don't move as far.
+I've used all sorts of Campy brakes for 30 years, including the goofy delta shaped aero thingies(were they were called "chronos" or something?). I have Daytona dual pivots on my best roadbike and old S.R. single pivots on another. They will both lock the wheel with one finger. I daresay that anyone wanting to recontour their forehead by locking the front brake would find it just as easy to accomplish with the old single pivots as the new duals. You would find that it took a little less pressure on the lever with the new ones but you might also find the modulation of pressure to be easier to overdo as well.
+Those of us that still like single pivot brakes sometimes do so because you can be more aggressive on the lever without locking up the wheel. If you don't mind the additional force required(and really, it's not that much more)and it suits your style they can be more effective than brakes that lock the wheel with less lever pressure.
+I agree with you about the current Serrottas but the bike I'm talking about is circa 1991, all lugged, steel fork, a perfectly preserved finish and maybe 5000 miles. But the color appears to be that of team Strawberry Shortcake, and I don't know where I would EVER find shoes to match.
+Spindizzy
+Back to the fit. With the longer stem and top tube, it was probably made for somebody like me with short legs and long torso. It might be too small for you if the seat tube angle is great enough to shorten the actual height.
+kfg, spindizzy - Looking at the issue objectively, I agree with you both. Upon reflection, I realize that I've probably changed more than the brakes. 30 years ago and 40 pounds lighter, I had no problem stopping hard enough to put myself over the handlebars. Adding in the RA I've developed, I have lost that ability to lock-up, and it just seems that I get a little more leverage with my current equipment.
+Velouria - I hope I'm not abusing the thread, I know I'm off topic... If it's not too hokey, I've got an entry in the Vintage Trek gallery here:
+If I actually found a really special custom frame that was close to fitting me and I really liked it, I would have no problem pulling out the cutting torch and modifying it. Purests would probably go into conniptions.
+Roger - "it just seems that I get a little more leverage with my current equipment."
+Ah, that you do. That's the change made to the levers. Since they couldn't change the power of the brakes, they made the lever more levery. That means you get the same power, but with more lever motion, which means you need to apply less hand pressure as the force is spread over a greater distance.
+Psychologically you interpret the lighter pressure as more power, since pressure on a control is the primary feedback mechanism; which is why people who start going on about "modulation" prefer the harder pull of the single pivots.
+You don't get nuttin' fer free though. If the lever moves more, the caliper arms have to move less, so they have to be moved in closer to the rim when not engaged. The one flaw of the single pivots is that they don't center well and if moved to close to the rim can cause rubbing problems.
+The only thing the dual pivot design does is provide positive mechanical action to center the brakes. If anything they'd be a little less powerful, because the two arms move on two different arcs the pinch is not symmetrical. You should notice uneven pad wear when you compare sides.
+All of this added up is why brake pads are so frickin' thin these days. I hate that, although I suppose the weight weenies think it's a "feature."
+Forrest - I have no essential problem with chop jobs on bikes; except when the secondary value of the bike is that it is a unique work of single craftsman.
+There I think the fiddle maxim for handling such objects applies - Do as you like, so long as what you do is reversible.
+If, on the other hand, you can arrange to have the original builder chop it for you . . .
+Is this frame perhaps for criterium riding? I tried a friend's Serotta criterium bike. It, too, was small for me, but I think it was the steep head angle that scared me. I felt that if I turned my head, I would accidentally turn the bike drastically and then fall. It was so quick that I never really had to turn the handlebars. I just leaned, and it make a very quick turn. I imagine that this could make a bike too small, because you might associate that quality with small bikes.
+Assessing the Role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR Transcriptional Repressors in Salicylic Acid-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes
+Caarls, Lotte; van der Does, Adriana; Hickman, Richard; Jansen, Wouter; van Verk, Marcel; Proietti, Silvia; Lorenzo, Oscar; Solano, Roberto; Pieterse, Corné M J; Van Wees, Saskia C M
+2017-01
+Assessing the Role of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR Transcriptional Repressors in Salicylic Acid-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Responsive Genes.
+Science.gov (United States)
+2017-02. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
+Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel WIN1/SHN1 ethylene-responsive transcription factor TdSHN1 from durum wheat (Triticum turgidum. L. subsp. durum).
+Science.gov (United States)
+Djemal, Rania; Khoudi, Habib
+2015-11-01
+Over cereal crops in the world. In this study, a new member of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family, designated TdSHN1, was isolated from durum wheat using thermal asymetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) method. Protein sequence analysis showed that TdSHN1 contained an AP2/ERF domain of 63 amino acids and a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that TdSHN1 belongs to a group Va protein in the ERF subfamily which contains the Arabidopsis ERF proteins (SHN1, SHN2, and SHN3). Expression of TdSHN1 was strongly induced by salt, drought, abscisic acid (ABA), and cold. In planta, TdSHN1 protein was able to activate the transcription of GUS reporter gene driven by the GCC box and DRE element sequences. In addition, TdSHN1 was targeted to the nucleus when transiently expressed in tobacco epidermal cells. In transgenic yeast, overexpression of TdSHN1 increased tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Taken together, the results showed that TdSHN1 encodes an abiotic stress-inducible, transcription factor which confers abiotic stress tolerance in yeast. TdSHN1 is therefore a promising candidate for improvement of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in wheat as well as other crops.
+ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 96 positively regulates Arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens by direct binding to GCC elements of jasmonate - and ethylene-responsive defence genes.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Catinot, Jérémy; Huang, Jing-Bo; Huang, Pin-Yao; Tseng, Min-Yuan; Chen, Ying-Lan; Gu, Shin-Yuan; Lo, Wan-Sheng; Wang, Long-Chi; Chen, Yet-Ran; Zimmerli, Laurent
+2015-12-01
+The ERF (ethylene responsive factor) family is composed of transcription factors (TFs) that are critical for appropriate Arabidopsis thaliana responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here we identified and characterized a member of the ERF TF group IX, namely ERF96, that when overexpressed enhances Arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens such as the fungus Botrytis cinerea and the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum. ERF96 is jasmonate (JA) and ethylene (ET) responsive and ERF96 transcripts accumulation was abolished in JA-insensitive coi1-16 and in ET-insensitive ein2-1 mutants. Protoplast transactivation and electrophoresis mobility shift analyses revealed that ERF96 is an activator of transcription that binds to GCC elements. In addition, ERF96 mainly localized to the nucleus. Microarray analysis coupled to chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR of Arabidopsis overexpressing ERF96 revealed that ERF96 enhances the expression of the JA/ET defence genes PDF1.2a, PR-3 and PR-4 as well as the TF ORA59 by direct binding to GCC elements present in their promoters. While ERF96-RNAi plants demonstrated wild-type resistance to necrotrophic pathogens, basal PDF1.2 expression levels were reduced in ERF96-silenced plants. This work revealed ERF96 as a key player of the ERF network that positively regulates the Arabidopsis resistance response to necrotrophic pathogens. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
+Banana ethylene response factors are involved in fruit ripening through their interactions with ethylene biosynthesis genes.
+Science.gov (United States).
+Expression of jasmonic ethylene responsive factor gene in transgenic poplar tree leads to increased salt tolerance.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Li, Yiliang; Su, Xiaohua; Zhang, Bingyu; Huang, Qinjun; Zhang, Xianghua; Huang, Rongfeng
+2009-02-01
+The stress resistance of plants can be enhanced by regulating the expression of multiple downstream genes associated with stress resistance. We used the Agrobacterium method to transfer the tomato jasmonic ethylene responsive factors (JERFs) gene that encodes the ethylene response factor (ERF) like transcription factor to the genome of a hybrid poplar (Populus alba x Populus berolinensis). Eighteen resistant plants were obtained, of which 13 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR and Southern blot analyses as having incorporated the JERFs gene and able to express it at the transcriptional level. Salinity tests were conducted in a greenhouse with 0, 100, 200 and 300 mM NaCl. In the absence of NaCl, the transgenic plants were significantly taller than the control plants, but no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of proline and chlorophyll were observed. With increasing salinity, the extent of damage was significantly less in transgenic plants than that in control plants, and the reductions in height, basal diameter and biomass were less in transgenic plants than those in control plants. At 200 and 300 mM NaCl concentrations, transgenic plants were 128.9% and 98.8% taller, respectively, and had 199.8% and 113.0% more dry biomass, respectively, than control plants. The saline-induced reduction in leaf water content and increase in root/crown ratio were less in transgenic plants than in control plants. Foliar proline concentration increased more in response to salt treatment in transgenic plants than in control plants. Foliar Na(+) concentration was higher in transgenic plants than in control plants. In the coastal area in Panjin of Liaoning where the total soil salt concentration is 0.3%, a salt tolerance trial of transgenic plants indicated that 3-year-old transgenic plants were 14.5% and 33.6% taller than the control plants at two field sites. The transgenic plants at the two field sites were growing.
+Bacteria-triggered systemic immunity in barley is associated with WRKY and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTORs but not with salicylic acid.; Vlot, A Corina
+2014-12. © 2014 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.
+The small ethylene response factor ERF96 is involved in the regulation of the abscisic acid response in Arabidopsis
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Xiaoping eWang
+2015-11-01
+Full Text Available is expressed in all tissues and organs examined except roots, with relatively high expression in flowers and seeds. Results from the protoplast transfection assay results. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
+A petunia ethylene-responsive element binding factor, PhERF2, plays an important role in antiviral RNA silencing.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Sun, Daoyang; Nandety, Raja Sekhar; Zhang, Yanlong; Reid, Michael S; Niu, Lixin; Jiang, Cai-Zhong
+2016-05-01
+Virus-induced RNA silencing is involved in plant antiviral defense and requires key enzyme components, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs), Dicer-like RNase III enzymes (DCLs), and Argonaute proteins (AGOs). However, the transcriptional regulation of these critical components is largely unknown. In petunia (Petunia hybrida), an ethylene-responsive element binding factor, PhERF2, is induced by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. Inclusion of a PhERF2 fragment in a TRV silencing construct containing reporter fragments of phytoene desaturase (PDS) or chalcone synthase (CHS) substantially impaired silencing efficiency of both the PDS and CHS reporters. Silencing was also impaired in PhERF2- RNAi lines, where TRV-PhPDS infection did not show the expected silencing phenotype (photobleaching). In contrast, photobleaching in response to infiltration with the TRV-PhPDS construct was enhanced in plants overexpressing PhERF2 Transcript abundance of the RNA silencing-related genes RDR2, RDR6, DCL2, and AGO2 was lower in PhERF2-silenced plants but higher in PhERF2-overexpressing plants. Moreover, PhERF2-silenced lines showed higher susceptibility to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) than wild-type (WT) plants, while plants overexpressing PhERF2 exhibited increased resistance. Interestingly, growth and development of PhERF2-RNAi lines were substantially slower, whereas the overexpressing lines were more vigorous than the controls. Taken together, our results indicate that PhERF2 functions as a positive regulator in antiviral RNA silencing. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.
+Sequence and expression analyses of ethylene response factors highly expressed in latex cells from Hevea brasiliensis.
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Piyanuch Piyatrakul
+Full Text Available The.
+Bacteria-Triggered Systemic Immunity in Barley Is Associated with WRKY and ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTORs But Not with Salicylic Acid1[C][W.
+2014-01. PMID:25332505
+Rice Ethylene-Response AP2/ERF Factor OsEATB Restricts Internode Elongation by Down-Regulating a Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene1[W][OA
+Science.gov (United States)
+Qi, Weiwei; Sun, Fan; Wang, Qianjie; Chen, Mingluan; Huang, Yunqing; Feng, Yu-Qi; Luo, Xiaojin; Yang, Jinshui
+2011-01. PMID:21753115
+Rice ethylene-response AP2/ERF factor OsEATB restricts internode elongation by down-regulating a gibberellin biosynthetic gene.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Qi, Weiwei; Sun, Fan; Wang, Qianjie; Chen, Mingluan; Huang, Yunqing; Feng, Yu-Qi; Luo, Xiaojin; Yang, Jinshui
+2011-09..
+Can-miRn37a mediated suppression of ethylene response factors enhances the resistance of chilli against anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum truncatum L.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Mishra, Rukmini; Mohanty, Jatindra Nath; Chand, Subodh Kumar; Joshi, Raj Kumar
+2018-02-01
+Pepper anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species complex is the most destructive disease of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). miRNAs are key modulators of transcriptional and post- transcriptional expression of genes during defense responses. In the present study, we performed a comparative miRNA profiling of susceptible (Arka Lohit-AL) and resistant (Punjab Lal-PL) chilli cultivars to identify 35 differentially expressed miRNAs that could be classified as positive, negative or basal regulators of defense against C. truncatum, the most potent anthracnose pathogen. Interestingly, a novel microRNA can-miRn37a was significantly induced in PL but largely repressed in AL genotype post pathogen attack. Subsequent over-expression of can-miRn37a in AL showed enhanced resistance to anthracnose, as evidenced by decreased fungal growth and induced expression of defense-related genes. Consequently, the expression of its three target genes encoding the ethylene response factors (ERFs) was down-regulated in PL as well as in the over-expression lines of AL genotypes. The ability of these targets to be regulated by can-miRn37a was further confirmed by transient co-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Additionally, the virus-induced silencing of the three targets in the susceptible AL cultivar revealed their role in fungal colonization and induction of C. truncatum pathogenicity in chilli. Taken together, our study suggests that can-miRn37a provides a potential miRNA mediated approach of engineering anthracnose resistance in chilli by repressing ERFs and preventing fungal colonization. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved..
+Genetic Variation for Thermotolerance in Lettuce Seed Germination Is Associated with Temperature-Sensitive Regulation of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1)1[OPEN
+Science.gov (United States)
+O’Brien, Laurel K.; Truco, Maria Jose; Huo, Heqiang; Sideman, Rebecca; Hayes, Ryan; Michelmore, Richard W.
+2016-01-01ylene-signaling
+A novel ethylene-responsive factor from Tamarix hispida, ThERF1, is a GCC-box- and DRE-motif binding protein that negatively modulates abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Wang, Liuqiang; Qin, Liping; Liu, Wenjin; Zhang, Daoyuan; Wang, Yucheng
+2014-09-01
+Ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) family is one of the largest families of plant-specific transcription factor that can positively or negatively regulate abiotic stress tolerance. However, their functions in regulating abiotic stress tolerance are still not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the functions of an ERF gene from Tamarix hispida, ThERF1, which can negatively regulate abiotic stress tolerance. The expression of ThERF1 was induced by salinity, PEG-simulated drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. ThERF1 can specifically bind to GCC-box and DRE motifs. Overexpression of ThERF1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed inhibited seed germination, and decreased fresh weight gain and root growth compared with wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, the transcript levels of several superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) genes in transgenic plants were significantly inhibited compared with in WT plants, resulting in decreased SOD and POD activities in transgenic plants under salt and drought stress conditions. Furthermore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and cell membrane damage in ThERF1-transformed plants were all highly increased relative to WT plants. Our results suggest that ThERF1 negatively regulates abiotic stress tolerance by strongly inhibiting the expression of SOD and POD genes, leading to decreased ROS-scavenging ability. © 2014 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society.
+The novel ethylene-responsive factor CsERF025 affects the development of fruit bending in cucumber.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Wang, Chunhua; Xin, Ming; Zhou, Xiuyan; Liu, Chunhong; Li, Shengnan; Liu, Dong; Xu, Yuan; Qin, Zhiwei
+2017-11-01
+Overexpression of CsERF025 induces fruit bending by promoting the production of ethylene. Cucumber fruit bending critically affects cucumber quality, but the mechanism that causes fruit bending remains unclear. To better understand this mechanism, we performed transcriptome analyses on tissues from the convex (C1) and concave (C2) sides of bending and straight (S) fruit at 2 days post anthesis (DPA). We identified a total of 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from both the convex and concave sides of bent fruit that showed significantly different expression profiles relative to straight fruits. Of these 281 DEGs, 196 were up-regulated (C1/S_C2/S) and 85 were down-regulated (C1/S_C2/S). Among the 196 up-regulated DEGs, the transcriptional levels of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathways were significantly higher in bending fruit compared with straight fruit. CsERF025 showed the largest difference in expression between bending and straight fruit. CsERF025 is an AP2/ERF gene encoding a protein that localizes to the nucleus. Overexpression of this gene increased the bending rate of cucumber fruits and increased the angle of bending. CsERF025 increased both the expression of ethylene biosynthesis-related genes and the production of ethylene. The application of exogenous 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) to straight fruits from control plants promoted fruit bending. Thus, CsERF025 enhances the production of ethylene and thereby promotes fruit bending in cucumber....
+An ethylene-responsive enhancer element is involved in the senescence-related expression of the carnation glutathione-S-transferase (GST1) gene.
+Itzhaki, H; Maxson, J M; Woodson, W R
+1994-01-01 ...
+An ethylene-responsive enhancer element is involved in the senescence-related expression of the carnation glutathione-S-transferase (GST1) gene.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Itzhaki, H; Maxson, J M; Woodson, W R
+1994-09-13 sequences responsible for ethylene-responsive expression. Deletion analysis of the 5'-35S TATA-box promoter in an orientation-independent manner. Gel electroph..
+Ethylene responses in three Hydrangea lines
+DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
+Lauridsen, Uffe Bjerre; Müller, Renate; Lütken, Henrik Vlk
+2015-01-01
+Abstract The ornamental scrub Hydrangea is generally not considered to be particularly sensitive to the phytohormone ethylene. The present study aimed at testing ethylene sensitivity in three different Hydrangea lines: 1, 2 and 3 taking into account the effect of temperature. Ethylene response...... was measured as leaf epinasty and leaf drop. Data indicated that higher temperature accelerates the effect of 2 μl L-1 ethylene over a 12-day period, and if the inhibitor 1-methylcyclopopene 1-MCP is able to attenuate this effect. Breeding line 1 and 3 dropped 3.8±0.6 and 5.0±0.4 leaves on average......, respectively, during the 12-day experimental period. Non-treated controls of line 1 and 3 dropped 1.8±0.6 and 1.8±0.4 leaves, respectively. In contrast, line 2 did not show a significant response to ethylene treatment with a leaf drop of 2.1±0.3 leaves, compared to a leaf drop of 0.8±0.3 in non.....
+Dominant Repression by Arabidopsis Transcription Factor MYB44 Causes Oxidative Damage and Hypersensitivity to Abiotic Stress
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Helene Persak
+2014-02-01
+Full Text Available....
+The bHLH transcription factor BIS1 controls the iridoid branch of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in Catharanthus roseus
+Science.gov (United States). © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.
+Arabidopsis MYC Transcription Factors Are the Target of Hormonal Salicylic Acid/Jasmonic Acid Cross Talk in Response to Pieris brassicae Egg Extract1[OPEN
+Science.gov (United States)
+Schmiesing, André; Gouhier-Darimont, Caroline
+2016-01. PMID:26884488
+Genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of AP2/ERF transcription factor superfamily in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.).
+Science.gov (United States)
+Lata, Charu; Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar; Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Bonthala, Venkata Suresh; Khan, Yusuf; Prasad, Manoj
+2014-01-01 systematic
+Genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of AP2/ERF transcription factor superfamily in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L..
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Charu Lata
+Full Text Available.
+A loss-of-function mutation in the nucleoporin AtNUP160 indicates that normal auxin signalling is required for a proper ethylene response in Arabidopsis
+Science.gov (United States)
+Robles, Linda M.; Deslauriers, Stephen D.; Alvarez, Ashley A.; Larsen, Paul B.
+2012-01-01 of a subset of ethylene-responsive genes. It was subsequently determined by map-based cloning that the mutant (sar1-7) represents a loss-of-function mutation in the previously described nucleoporin AtNUP160 (At1g33410, SAR1). In support of previously reported results, the sar1-7 mutant partially restored auxin responsiveness to roots of an rce1 loss-of-function mutant, indicating that AtNUP160/SAR1 is required for proper expression of factors responsible for the repression of auxin signalling. Analysis of arf7-1/sar1-7 and arf19-1/sar1-7 double mutants revealed that mutations affecting either ARF7 or ARF19 function almost fully blocked manifestation of the sar1-7-dependent ethylene hypersensitivity phenotype, suggesting that ARF7- and ARF19-mediated auxin signalling is responsible for regulating the magnitude of and/or competence for the ethylene response in Arabidopsis etiolated hypocotyls. Consistent with this, addition of auxin to ethylene-treated seedlings resulted in severe hypocotyl shortening, reminiscent of that seen for other eer (enhanced ethylene response) mutants, suggesting that auxin functions in part synergistically with ethylene to control hypocotyl elongation and other ethylene-dependent phenomena. PMID:22238449....
+Activation of ethylene-responsive p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase leads to increased tocopherol levels during ripening in mango
+Science.gov (United States)
+Singh, Rajesh K.; Ali, Sharique A.; Nath, Pravendra; Sane, Vidhu A.
+2011-01-01
+Mango is characterized by high tocopherol and carotenoid content during ripening. From a cDNA screen of differentially expressing genes during mango ripening, a full-length p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (MiHPPD) gene homologue was isolated that encodes a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of tocopherols. The gene encoded a 432-amino-acid protein. Transcript analysis during different stages of ripening revealed that the gene is ripening related and rapidly induced by ethylene. The increase in MiHPPD transcript accumulation was followed by an increase in tocopherol levels during ripening. The ripening-related increase in MiHPPD expression was also seen in response to abscisic acid and to alesser extent to indole-3-acetic acid. The expression of MiHPPD was not restricted to fruits but was also seen in other tissues such as leaves particularly during senescence. The strong ethylene induction of MiHPPD was also seen in young leaves indicating that ethylene induction of MiHPPD is tissue independent. Promoter analysis of MiHPPD gene in tomato discs and leaves of stable transgenic lines of Arabidopsis showed that the cis elements for ripening-related, ethylene-responsive, and senescence-related expression resided within the 1590 nt region upstream of the ATG codon. Functionality of the gene was demonstrated by the ability of the expressed protein in bacteria to convert p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate. These results provide the first evidence for HPPD expression during ripening of a climacteric fruit. PMID:21430290...
+Salicylic Acid Suppresses Jasmonic Acid Signaling Downstream of SCFCOI1-JAZ by Targeting GCC Promoter Motifs via Transcription Factor ORA59[C][W][OA-01. PMID:23435661
+Salicylic acid suppresses jasmonic acid signaling downstream of SCFCOI1-JAZ by targeting GCC promoter motifs via transcription factor ORA59.-02(CO(COI1)-JAZ complex by targeting GCC-box motifs in JA-responsive promoters via a negative effect on the transcriptional activator ORA59..
+The Wheat Mediator Subunit TaMED25 Interacts with the Transcription Factor TaEIL1 to Negatively Regulate Disease Resistance against Powdery Mildew1
+Science.gov (United States)
+Zhang, Tianren; Jia, Jizeng; Sun, Jiaqiang
+2016-01. PMID:26813794
+The Wheat Mediator Subunit TaMED25 Interacts with the Transcription Factor TaEIL1 to Negatively Regulate Disease Resistance against Powdery Mildew.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Liu, Jie; Zhang, Tianren; Jia, Jizeng; Sun, Jiaqiang
+2016-03. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved..
+Involvement of an ethylene response factor in chlorophyll degradation during citrus fruit degreening
+Science.gov (United States)
+Chlorophyll degradation naturally occurs during plant senescence. However, in fruit such as citrus, it is a positive characteristic, as degreening is an important colour development contributing to fruit quality. In the present work, Citrus sinensis Osbeck, cv. Newhall fruit was used as a model for ....
+MAOHUZI6/ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE1 and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3-LIKE2 Regulate Ethylene Response of Roots and Coleoptiles and Negatively Affect Salt Tolerance in Rice1[OPEN
+Science.gov (United States)
+Ethylene and pollination decrease transcript abundance of an ethylene receptor gene in Dendrobium petals.
+Science.gov (United States). Copyright © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
+EIN2 mediates direct regulation of histone acetylation in the ethylene response.
+Science.gov (United States)
+Zhang, Fan; Wang, Likai; Qi, Bin; Zhao, Bo; Ko, Eun Esther; Riggan, Nathaniel D; Chin, Kevin; Qiao, Hong
+2017-09-19
+Ethylene gas is essential for developmental processes and stress responses in plants. Although the membrane-bound protein EIN2 is critical for ethylene signaling, the mechanism by which the ethylene signal is transduced remains largely unknown. Here we show the levels of H3K14Ac and H3K23Ac are correlated with the levels of EIN2 protein and demonstrate EIN2 C terminus (EIN2-C) is sufficient to rescue the levels of H3K14/23Ac of ein2 -5 at the target loci, using CRISPR/dCas9-EIN2-C. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) and ChIP-reChIP-seq analyses revealed that EIN2-C associates with histone partially through an interaction with EIN2 nuclear-associated protein1 (ENAP1), which preferentially binds to the genome regions that are associated with actively expressed genes both with and without ethylene treatments. Specifically, in the presence of ethylene, ENAP1-binding regions are more accessible upon the interaction with EIN2, and more EIN3 proteins bind to the loci where ENAP1 is enriched for a quick response. Together, these results reveal EIN2-C is the key factor regulating H3K14Ac and H3K23Ac in response to ethylene and uncover a unique mechanism by which ENAP1 interacts with chromatin, potentially preserving the open chromatin regions in the absence of ethylene; in the presence of ethylene, EIN2 interacts with ENAP1, elevating the levels of H3K14Ac and H3K23Ac, promoting more EIN3 binding to the targets shared with ENAP1 and resulting in a rapid transcriptional regulation.. mhz5 blocks carotenoid biosynthesis, reduces ABA accumulation, and promotes ethylene production in etiolated seedlings. ABA can largely rescue the ethylene response of the mhz5 mutant. Ethylene induces MHZ5 expression, the production of neoxanthin, an ABA biosynthesis precursor, and ABA. PMID:25841037.
+Overexpression of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) AhERF or AhDOF Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis thaliana Increases Water Deficit- and Salt-Stress Tolerance, Respectively, via Contrasting Stress-Amelioration Mechanisms
+Science.gov (United States)
+Massange-Sánchez, Julio A.; Palmeros-Suárez, Paola A.; Espitia-Rangel, Eduardo; Rodríguez-Arévalo, Isaac; Sánchez-Segura, Lino; Martínez-Gallardo, Norma A.; Alatorre-Cobos, Fulgencio; Tiessen, Axel; Délano-Frier, John P.
+2016-01-01. PMID:27749893
+Overexpression of Grain Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus AhERF or AhDOF Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis thaliana Increases Water Deficit- and Salt-Stress Tolerance, Respectively, via Contrasting Stress-Amelioration Mechanisms.
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Julio A Massange-Sánchez
+Full Text Available.
+Novel Protein-Protein Inhibitor Based Approach to Control Plant Ethylene Responses: Synthetic Peptides for Ripening Control
+Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
+Mareike Kessenbrock
+2017-09-01
+Full Text Available Ethylene signaling is decisive for many plant developmental processes. Among these, control of senescence, abscission and fruit ripening are of fundamental relevance for global agriculture. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the signaling network along with the molecular processes of signal perception and transfer are expected to have high impact on future food production and agriculture. Recent advances in ethylene research have demonstrated that signaling of the plant hormone critically depends on the interaction of the ethylene receptor family with the NRAMP-like membrane protein ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2 at the ER membrane, phosphorylation-dependent proteolytic processing of ER-localized EIN2 and subsequent translocation of the cleaved EIN2 C-terminal polypeptide (EIN2-CEND to the nucleus. EIN2 nuclear transport, but also interaction with the receptors sensing the ethylene signal, both, depend on a nuclear localization signal (NLS located at the EIN2 C-terminus. Loss of the tight interaction between receptors and EIN2 affects ethylene signaling and impairs plant ethylene responses. Synthetic peptides derived from the NLS sequence interfere with the EIN2–receptor interaction and have utility in controlling plant ethylene responses such as ripening. Here, we report that a synthetic peptide (NOP-1 corresponding to the NLS motif of Arabidopsis EIN2 (aa 1262–1269 efficiently binds to tomato ethylene receptors LeETR4 and NR and delays ripening in the post-harvest phase when applied to the surface of sampled green fruits pre-harvest. In particular, degradation of chlorophylls was delayed by several days, as monitored by optical sensors and confirmed by analytical methods. Similarly, accumulation of β-carotene and lycopene in the fruit pulp after NOP-1 application was delayed, without having impact on the total pigment concentration in the completely ripe fruits. Likewise, the peptide had no negative effects on fruit quality. Our molecular
+<<
+You can find most of the shots in this review in full resolution here.
+Specifications / Version History
+The Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 APO Lanthar is part of the unfortunately only short-lived “SL” lens series manufactured by Cosina in Japan. It came in different mounts, I know of Canon FD, Nikon F and M42 versions but there might also be a few for Pentax K, Contax and Olympus OM according to this source. I am reviewing a Nikon mount version here which has the following specifications:
+- Diameter: 66 mm
+- Field of view: 13.7° (diagonally)
+- Length: 79 mm + adapter
+- Weight: 485g + adapter
+- Filter Diameter: 49 mm
+- Number of Aperture Blades: 9 (rounded)
+- Elements/Groups: 9/7
+- Close Focusing Distance: 1.2 m
+- Maximum Magnification: 1:4
+- Mount: Nikon-F
+This lens is very rare and has unfortunately become a collector’s item. It took me a while finding one on ebay.com (affiliate link). Prices start at 1300$.
+Handling / Build Quality
+The Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 SL APO Lanthar is partly made from metal (all of the internal tubes) and high quality plastics (parts of the outer casing).
+The focusing ring travels about 350° from infinity to the minimum focus distance (1.2m) and the lens extends by about 44 mm. Resistance on my sample is what I would call perfect (a little more than the Loxia lenses, similar to the Zeiss ZM lenses) and it allowed precise focusing even towards infinity where many lenses struggle. The direction of the focusing ring is like on Nikon lenses, so opposite to the Loxia lenses and the Voigtlander E-mount lenses. I don’t know if this is different for other mount versions.
+As I have one with Nikon mount the feel and travel path of the aperture ring is just like on legacy Nikon lenses, again I can’t speak for the other versions here. Interestingly it offers full-stop click-stops between f/4.0 and f/5.6 as well as f/16 and f/22 and half-stop click-stops between f/5.6 and f/16.
+Size and weight are comparable to the Zeiss Loxia 85mm 2.4 which is one of the main advantages of this lens, as it just doesn’t come with the bulk you expect from a 180mm tele lens.
+It also features a non rotating 49mm filter thread (metal).
+One small note: I found hand-held composing and focusing much easier with the help of IBIS featured in the generation 2 cameras.
+Vignetting
+Wide open there is mild vignetting of about 1.4 EV, stopped down to f/5.6 this improves to 0.6 EV and from f/8.0 onwards it is only 0.3 EV which is hardly field relevant at all.
+Sharpness
+infinity
+In case you wonder why I am presenting two charts in this review: I already had some issues with heat haze when doing my 180/200mm comparison and in the first chart it is visible again. Nevertheless I think this scene is very good at showing the differences in contrast on stopping down. The other chart shows no heat haze issues but isn’t as contrasty in general, nevertheless one can notice the astigmatism (difference in sharpness between tangential and radial structures) in the corners here.
+In center and midframe there is only a very slight gain when stopping down to f/5.6 (or further) so I wouldn’t hesitate using this lens wide open even on the A7rII.
+Even the corners are absolutely usable wide open, depending on the orientation of the structures stopping down a bit might be necessary here for best performance though.
+This lens is able to resolve fine detail quite well, but its contrast isn’t as high compared to e.g. the Zeiss Loxia 85mm 2.4 or the Canon EF 135mm 2.0 L.
+close focus (1.2 m, 1:4)
+A maximum magnification of 1:4 is pretty spectacular and I was very curious about the performance considering the lens does not feature a floating elements design. I was suprised how well this lens holds up wide open, but it might still be a good idea to stop down to f/5.6 if you need the highest resolution possible.
+Nevertheless, I have taken many shots wide open at or near the minimum focus distance and was always happy with the results.
+To put things into perspective it might be a good idea taking a look at my 180/200mm comparison, not only does the Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 offer the highest magnification, it also does not seem to be surpassed by any lens in that comparison in close focus scenarios.
+Flare resistance
+With the sun in the frame the performance is quite good, I can only see a slight loss of contrast and very small, rather unobstrusive ghosts. With the sun just barely out of the frame near the corners one can create serious flare like this though:
+Unfortunately this also easily happens with point light sources at night. There are different hoods that fit this lens, I have the LH-75s barrel-shaped one, but it didn’t help in situations like these.
+Distortion
+Sony A7rII | Voigtlander SL 180mm 4.0 APO Lanthar | f/4.0 | before: no correction, after: corrected (-3)
+There is mild pincushion distortion that can be noticeable in architecture shots. It looks pretty uniform and therefore can be corrected by dialing in -3 in Lightroom or Photoshop.
+Bokeh
+In general I am quite happy with the bokeh of this lens, especially because of the absence of any (colorful) outlining around circles of light. The backgrounds are usually smooth and non distracting, but the transition zone might show some double images when shooting near the minimum focus distance. See the branch in the center of the frame in this sample:
+Bokeh is a highly subjective topic, so it is best taking a look at the samples and decide for yourself if you like it and if it works for your subjects or not.
+I tried to recreate the bokeh scene from my 180/200mm comparison so you can better compare this lens to the other ones:
+Sunstars
+With longer focal lengths it is generally more difficult creating sunstars at all. This lens features 9 rounded aperture blades which will yield 18-pointed sunstars around point light sources, but even in the 100% crop above you can only barely see them.
+Chromatic aberrations
+longitudinal
+Unfortunately I have used many lenses in the past that, despite carrying the APO tag, didn’t perform very well here. With the Voigtlander this is not the case, the performance is simply excellent, one of the best I have seen so far. The APO tag is totally justified.
+lateral
+Sony A7rII | Voigtlander SL 180mm 4.0 APO Lanthar | f/4.0 | 100% crop from corner | before: no correction, after: corrected
+Unlike the correction of longitudinal CA the correction of lateral CA isn’t that great. This can still be easily corrected in post processing (e.g. in Lightroom) though.
+Alternatives
+Considering the sum of its parts I think there is no real alternative to this lens, but depending on what compromises you are willing to make there might be for you.
+Similar size and weight but optically worse:
+Leica Elmar-R 180mm 4.0:
+When it comes to weight and especially size this is the only lens that at least comes close. I tried it some time ago but was so underwhelmend by its optical qualities I didn’t bother making a dedicated review of it and only covered it in my 180/200mm comparison.
+Same level of apochromatic correction but bigger and heavier:
+Nikon AF-S 200mm 2.0G:
+When it comes to the apochromatic correction this is the only lens with a similar focal length that offers a comparable performance I know of. But this lens comes with a weight of more than 3 kg and costs even more than the Voigtlander.
+Leica-R APO-Telyt 180mm 3.4:
+I have no first hands experience with this lens. Judging by the manufacturer’s MTF and the sample images I have seen so far I am quite skeptic about wide open performance and bokeh. Apochromatic correction looks very good though.
+Similar maximum magnification but bigger and heavier:
+Minolta AF 200mm 2.8 APO:
+The Minolta only offers a maximum magnification of 1:6.25 compared to the Voigtlander’s 1:4, inferior handling and its CA correction is inferior as well. Only the bokeh seems to be smoother, especially because it is one stop faster.
+Canon EF 70-200mm 4.0 L USM:
+The Canon zoom offers a maximum magnification of 1:4.8 and I was quite happy with its optical qualities, if it just wasn’t so big…
+There are many rather cheap legacy lenses with 180mm or 200mm focal length like the Minolta MC 200mm 4.0, Contax 200mm 3.5 Tele-Tessar or the Canon FD 200mm 4.0 that offer good sharpness, but they fare significantly worse in several other categories (size and weight, number of aperture blades, loCA correction, minimum focus distance) so I don’t consider them actual alternatives.
+Conclusion
+There are many lenses that have not been produced in greater numbers and therefore have become expensive collector’s items. Often their used prices don’t nearly reflect their optical performance and because of this they are usually of less interest to people that actually want to take photos.
+With the Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 APO Lanthar this is not the case. When it was released in 2003 it seems almost no one was actually interested in this lens. The big manufacturers already offered 70-200mm 2.8 zooms – not only with AF – but also image stabilizers and everyone who was size conscious was probably shooting with analogue Leica cameras anyway.
+Nowadays this lens is more important than ever and it is a shame it has only been produced in such low quantities. When it comes to a small yet high quality telephoto in the 180/200mm range for your A7 series cameras this is not just your best, but pretty much your only option.
+Not only size and weight are great but also the perfect correction of longitudinal CA (APO design), which I highly value, because loCA can often ruin a photo and are sometimes hard to correct in post. When it comes to resolving fine details this lens is also a great performer even on the 42mp sensor, the only caveat I managed to find is the astigmatism in the corners. If you need best performance here it might be necessary to stop down to f/8.0 or f/11.
+But please notice this is not a lens with very high contrast like e.g. the Zeiss Loxia lenses.
+The background bokeh is very smooth considering the limitations of the maximum aperture of f/4.0. If you want to use this lens as a “pseudo macro” you have to watch out for the transition zone though. In two cases so far small tree branches in the transition zone led to double structures (see bokeh section). At normal portrait distances I didn’t notice such issues.
+Flare resistance can be pretty good (sun in the frame) and also pretty bad (sun just outside the frame), reframing just a tiny bit usually helped here.
+This lens has certainly found a place in my bag, as it gives me a high quality tele lens but without the bulk usually associated with one. I would heartily recommend it, if it wasn’t so rare and therefore expensive. Albeit at least for me the used prices actually reflect its real value.
+PS: If any of you Cosina executives is reading this (or if you know one: please forward this): you have this marvellous optical formula somewhere in a closet, use some modern coatings to improve flare resistance and contrast, put it in a nice casing and make an E-mount version of this lens. It might have been ahead of its time 15 years ago, but it would be a real winner today!
+This lens is very rare and has unfortunately become a collector’s item. It took me a while finding one on ebay.com (affiliate link). Prices start at 1300$.
+Sample Images
+You can find most of the shots in this review in full resolution here.
+Further Reading
+- Review: Leica 135mm 4.0 Tele-Elmar - May 21, 2017
+- Review: Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 SL APO Lanthar - May 14, 2017
+- Review: Nikon Nikkor-S 50mm 1.4 - May 5, 2017
+39 thoughts on “Review: Voigtlander 180mm 4.0 SL APO Lanthar”
+Thanks for your wonderful review. Now it’s even more difficult to find one within budget 🙁
+Incidentally would you have checked the Contax 180/2.8 C/Y? It’s not the 200/3.5 which has CA issues.
+It is big and heavy and the MTF are far from promising, so I didn’t check it our personally.
+A few sample images I came across didn’t look too bad though…
+That’s good Bastian. It’s been on and off my wish list for a while. (I’ve settled for the diminutive OM Z 200/5 on my A7, as it isn’t a length I commonly use, and I prefer the OM’s performance to the MD 200/4) One thing you say, “…precise focusing even towards infinity”, surprised me, as I’d read just the opposite, (Fred Miranda Alt-gear Forum), that focus near infinity is hard to get precise, because of short focus-throw there?
+I think your last point to Cosina is also very valid, (and I’d include the 125/2.5 macro too.) If only! However, they’d probably not be any cheaper!
+If have also read that comments regarding issues focusing near infinity elsewhere, that is actually the reason I mentioned it here.
+Before infinity the lens has markings for 10m and also 20m and the throw between 10m and infinity is pretty much exactly the same as on the Zeiss Loxia 85mm 2.4 for comparison.
+The throw between 3m and infinity is a full 90°, I also can’t call that short.
+I think what makes focusing near infinity harder is not having a tripod or IBIS, it might therefore be harder on most (D)SLRs.
+Heat haze can also make focusing longer lenses more of a challenge.
+Maybe these are the reasons that comments actually derive from.
+The MSRP of this lens was 61.000 ¥ in 2003 (nowadays this would be something like 600€/530$).
+Even taking inflation into account it should be possible to offer this lens for less than a grand.
+Especially as R&D could be kept to a minimum.
+I shortly checked out the 125mm 2.5, especially extended it is a very very long lens which I
+would not really like to use on an A7 series cameras.
+But I would certainly welcome a rerelease here as well.
+The used prices clearly show there is a demand for both lenses.
+I’m looking for a 150mm – 200mm f2 MF only glass (lens will be used for cinematography as well as photography ). I don’t care about size/weight – I almost always shoot supported anyway. All the lenses I’ve found in this range are overpriced and hard to find.
+Example:
+Contax 200mm f2 APO on ebay for 6k+
+Zuiko 180 f2 (can’t find one for sale)
+Take a look at the Nikon 200mm 2.0 MF
+it should be your cheapest option.
+You guys should try and check out the Sigma 180mm f5.6 macro. The size and APO corrections are very similar to the Codina, you’ll just run into the focus being a little more difficult to obtain and lower contrast and slightly less sharp. Much cheaper than the Cosina when available however
+Hi Bastian – Thanks for the great review! I’ve been tempted by this lens for quite some time. It seems that most of the available copies have a Nikon mount. I know nothing about Nikon lenses, other than that they focus backward! 🙂 To use it on a Sony A7RII, do you recommend a Rayqual adapter specifically, and if so, which one? I see that there are several available to fit Nikon F and G lenses (I don’t know the difference). Thanks!
+Dear Danny,
+I think most of the copies of this lens produced have a Nikon mount.
+The M42 ones focus the same direction as the Nikon ones, I am still not sure about the others as they seem to be even rarer.
+This lens is not overly picky regarding adapters, as it isn’t a floating elements design.
+The Rayqual has good quality though (especially the light baffles) and is very lightweight at the same time, which makes sense here.
+I don’t know about the different versions, but I can tell you I am using this one.
+It features its own aperture control ring which you don’t need for that lens (you need it for G-lenses).
+For further information on adapting Nikon lenses you might want to have a look at this article.
+OK, thanks for the info!
+For the value, I’ll stick with my Canon FD 80-200 f/4L. However, I must say that these images you’ve posted are gorgeous!
+Thank you Kevin!
+Very interesting review and lens. In your comparison with other lenses though, I must add that the Leitz 180/3.4 Apo is absolutely exceptional wide open, probably the best I.Q. I ever saw, and I used more than 100 lenses for the last 40 years. It is irritating that its minimum focusing distance is 2.5 meters though. I doubt this Voigtlander 180/4.0 Apo comes close to it.
+Also, the Canon New FD 200/4.0 (latest version) should be very close to the Voigtlander: very good I.Q. (better than Pentax 200/4.0 A or Nikon 200/4.0 AIs), very light, and a minimum distance of 1.5 meters.
+Well, as the last Leica lens people told me about being the best lens ever made was a mere disappointment I remain skeptical.
+Even more so considering the MTF graphs and sample images I have seen so far.
+But if someday someonse sends me the 180mm 3.4 for a review I will gladly check if my inital impressions were off.
+The nFD 200mm 4.0 does not look too bad specs wise (except for length), but better than Nikon 200mm 4.0 is not really an argument for quality 🙂
+The 180mm 2.8 AI-s ED was the first decent lens by Nikon in this range and apart from being a stop faster clearly inferior to the Voigtlander.
+Nevertheless, the many FD 200mm 4.0 versions make it very hard finding sample pics and I can’t even get a first impression so far.
+If you know of a review please share!
+I am not a Leica fanatic, but I used many Leica R lenses: 24/2.8, 28/2.8 (old and new versions), 28/2.8PC, 35/2, 35/2.8, 50/1.4 (old version), 50/2, 60/2.8M, 90/2 (non Apo) , 90/2.8, 135/2.8, 180/2.8 (non Apo). In terms of I.Q., except for vignetting at 3.4 in FF, the 180/3.4 Apo is by far the best. (the second being….. a ‘cheap’ one, the 90/2.8).
+The Canon New FD 200/4 is, in my opinion, a hidden gem, but probably not as good as the Voigtlander 180/4. I would be curious, though, to see a detailed comparison. I bet the difference is not so large, except maybe for C.A.
+Bastian, could you provide a larger version of the LoCA sample image (or other images where we could see LoCA)? The Voigtländer APOs I have used (3.5/90 and 2.5/125) show as much LoCA as most lenses, but it’s the blue channel that’s not well corrected, not the red as usual. So they show bright yellow/dark blue fringing instead of green/purple. I _think_ I see this in your sample image, but it’s hard to tell with the small size.
+You can already find the sample in full resolution in the flickr album.
+This lens most definetly does not show as much loCA as most lenses.
+I would heartily welcome if most lenses would show this level of performance…
+The Leica 135mm 4.0 Tele-Elmar is actually a pretty decent performer in this regard, but the Voigtlander is worlds ahead.
+You can see a 100% crop here already.
+Thanks – I overlooked the flickr link 🙁
+No problem!
+We decided not to hotlink every image anymore as people were rarely using them
+while it took us a lot of time to implement them.
+Early adaptors might need some time for adjusting though, sorry for that!
+I doubt Cosina will reissue it; but hope against hope that they will issue something similar (with improved coatings and ray tracing of non image forming light, which should make it have nice Loxia style contrast)
+From time to time I wonder if I should sell my M42 version of this before any such release happens – but I don’t expect it for a while (though I have noticed that in the E mount space Cosina first issued the three ultra wides, then the 40 and 65 were announced, so maybe it’s time for teles next?)
+Would pretty much be my preferred version of a rerelease 🙂
+I might add:
+Unfortunately it is very hard getting in contact with Cosina.
+According to their global homepage they are not interested in direct contact to customers, especially those not from Japan.
+I also tried it via their German distributor, who I have good contact to, but it is still not exactly optimal.
+PS its possible I was one of the ones complaining about the focus travel near infinity. I’ve checked and you are right about the amount of travel, but it still seems that I tend to overshoot when focussing. I might have though this is because my point of comparison is the Sony zoom that is FBW in manual, which means that you get *very* fine tuning if you turn slowly. But then I used the Canon FD IF 180 2.8 quite a bit and didn’t find this (but did find extraordinary amounts of LoCA!)
+I might post a guide on how to fine tune the hard infinity focus stop on this lens 🙂
+Ordered! I found a very nice copy of this lens (brand new in box); it should be here later this week, along with a Rayqual adapter to A7RII.
+Looking forward to trying it out. It was your direct comparison to size/weight of the Loxia 85, which I also have, that pushed me to get it…I didn’t realize previously that it is quite as tiny and light as it is.
+I hope you will like it as much as I do!
+Fun fact: with Rayqual adapter it is lighter than the Loxia 85 🙂
+Hi Bastian,
+schön Bilder mit ‘meiner’ Linse zu sehen, Du machst wirklich was draus! Weiterhin allzeit gut Licht!
+LG
+Hi, wollte dir den Link eh die Tage schicken, scheint nicht mehr nötig zu sein 🙂
+Regarding astigmatism and lateral CA – I wonder how much those are because of the 2mm thick optical stack on the Sonys – the lens (and it’s sibling, the 125/2.5) was made for film after all.
+With a 180mm lens and considering I can see lateral CA in this D200 sample from photozone (which is far from the corner region on a fullframe sensor as I have shown here) I tend to doubt that.
+i’m not able to do real test, but in my eyes the zuiko 200 4.0 could be a good alternatve – for a fraction of the price! it’s quite sharp already at 4.0 and the build quality is high.
+if you are interessed in testing it – i live near stuttgart, so there should be no problem.
+greetings
+jb
+Dear Joachim, thanks for the offer, but with a minimum focus distance of 2.5 m this lens is of much less interest to me.
+If you ever get a chance to try the Tamron Adaptall SP 180mm f2.5 LD IF, then do, it is superb and beautifully built (heavy, solid lens though).
+That lens sure looks interesting…
+Had it, not convinced… The lens turns in the wrong direction, at least as a Nikoniast, that’s annoying.
+Optically, the Voigtländer is giving a lot more than the old design can do, especially concerning resolution and aberrations.
+The Leica APO Telyt-R 180/3.4 is awesome. No reason to be skeptical.
+Maybe I need to be more specific.
+If these mtf graphs for that lens are true the wide open performance in the corners is very bad.
+Furthermore I have seen several sample images (1 2 3 4) with ugly bokeh rendering at close to medium distances.
+I have every reason to remain skeptical.
+If I remember correctly, these are real MTF (not computed) measured on a single copy many hears ago, and the lowest one represents 40 cycles/mm.
+The lens is optimized for infinity, and the only “problem” wide-open is the vignetting. Performance is excellent at f/4 (half-stop down) also in the corners.
+Sure, bokeh could be better at some focus distance, especially when foliage is in the background. However, cherry-picking 4 photos from the same lens copy to show ugly bokeh is not fair. I could do the same with many other famous lenses 😉
+Try the lens, especially at infinity.
+There are not that many sample pictures online to choose from in the first place…
+If someone likes to borrow me one I might check it out for a review, for personal use I am not interested.
+Minimum focus distance of 2.5m as well as the weight and size (including filter diameter) are absolute NoGos for me.
+For purely flat infinity shooting the 180mm 3.4 might be a great lens, but I rarely do that.
+I was just about to post about the Tamron 180/2.5 too. I do like its rendering for portraits and have also used it for a few still life shots where I wanted a compressed perspective too.
+It’s quite low contrast but that suits me for high key portraits. Also, on digital, lifting contrast in post is easy enough, whilst controlling excess contrast is harder, so I rather like having a few low contrast (but sharp) lenses in my armoury to help tame really contrasty scenes.
+And the build is truly superb. I just have to watch out for my wife’s fondness for borrowing it!
+6+ kontenplan bwr
+The agenda has become the most significant part a meeting. It is structured In a way that lets you easily flow between track and workshop sessions through the day, offering you the capability to design your personal seminar experience. The parent teacher conference agenda will cover the goal of the meeting.
+The agenda may be used as the proof when the agent can’t remember Or understand some points. Some folks believe a schedule is simply a listing of items that ought to be performed inside a meeting. Put the date which the program will be employed on the upper area of the document. It will ensure that all the goals of the assembly are attained. Conference agenda is about organizing an event, meeting, or any sort of action means taking into account various actions that often take the time to complete. For that reason, it needs to be ready by an impartial supervisor or supervisors that are smart enough to comprehend the long term goals of the provider. A sample convention agenda is written to make certain the proceedings of a meeting are complete in order.
+The program may be used as the evidence as soon as the representative cannot Remember or know some points. A meeting agenda is a tool that’s used by means of a management in order to run their assembly effectively and efficiently. It must be prepared beforehand and should be distributed among the attendees so that everyone can be conscious about the theme of the meeting. A project management meeting agenda generally addresses the measures to be taken to finish the project in time and together with all the needed efficiency.
+template. A schedule presented while the meeting is currently on going can assist the assembly attendees be conscious of what the team is now discussing. Your meeting agenda ought to be the answer to each of the questions asked previously. You must produce the agenda for the company meeting within the business or between companies.
+A schedule is a rather significant part the company meeting or any meeting. A clear agenda also makes it simpler to record successful meeting minutes. Meeting agenda has to be comprehensive, accurate and precise and can not stray or digress from the vital aim of the assembly. You must make the agenda for the company meeting in the organization or between companies.
+Agendas can produce a Great Deal of positive gaps to a selection of procedures And surgeries. An agenda is very crucial instrument to conduct a meeting easily. Utilizing the conference agenda template would be your absolute best and simplest method to make an agenda for your even that’s great looking and professional. List down the specific details that you want to go over from the schedule which you will make. Hence, it’s crucial to have a conference schedule that’s helpful to the seminar delegates. A streamlined conference schedule will help to lessen the meeting process.
+If you are planning to hold a conference, you’re at the most suitable location. A conference can be a half day, 1 day or a number of times held at a particular site. Unless your conference is being funded by means of a grant or business, you’re likely to should map out where your capital is coming from and what it is used for. The conference starts with the introduction. Given the immense significance of parent participation in successful outcomes for kids, there’s ample reason to consider parent-teacher conferences otherwise. Most conferences have to provide some type of overnight accommodations for guests traveling from outside the area. Be sure to take into consideration the apps you’re likely to need to use at your next conference.
+The main reason is because the template can differ from one firm to the other. Place all of the things you have written within the document template depending on the chronological manner they’ll be discussed throughout the meeting. The templates have every detail about the conference. Our conference schedule templates are applicable to anyone in any area of company or organization. In our essay seminar agenda template, you can observe it is quite a bit more comprehensive.
+The principal rationale is because the template may differ from 1 firm to Another. An Agenda Template is provided by our site to your kind support. The sample weekly schedule template includes the whole mandatory slots that are essential.
+A buy agreement outlines the terms of a one-time Purchase, instead of a Continuing payment. Download our normal template if you’re browsing for a detailed agreement which may be applied to a large choice of situations. At the event that you want a more specific agreement for some situation, take a peek at another downloadable templates below. Should you want a more specific agreement for a specific situation, take a peek at another downloadable templates beneath.
+The worker ought to be in a position to split the information with their Superiors in the organization and so forth. He is so shocked and distraught that he or she has trouble remembering the specifics of what was said for the remaining portion of the meeting. You will need to retain any critical workers in positions of trust.
+Our non-disclosure agreement templates make it effortless to create your own own. You may also see Agreement Templates. Make certain you pick a confidentiality agreement template which is suitable for your organization.
+Now, all of the information is available online. That the Non-Disclosure Agreement can be subject to a subpoena, it may or may be coverable. Know you don’t just must protect information from moving from the business, keeping it confidential within the organization is equally as important. All the kinds of information including personal information, customer records, financial info and product development programs need to be confidential. Define what is not confidential information also. Therefore, as a rule of thumb, if you’re only attempting to safeguard normal confidential info, it’d be wiser to put a reasonable time duration for secrecy unless there’s extremely superior reason your confidential information should be kept secret forever.
+In Order to be enforceable, You’ll Need to clearly define what Constitutes confidential information. On the reverse side, if you are the recipient of the information, you receive a legitimate desire to be certain the information which you should keep key is clearly recorded so as to understand what you can and can’t use. Information is your most effective valuable asset a company can have. The info in an operating agreement is essentially the specific same as that of a partnership agreement. An inordinate amount of info becomes confusing. Additional information could be required, dependent on the kind of purchase being made. After all, most data after a specific number of years becomes useless anyway, and the cost of policing confidentiality obligations can get pricey if it is a forever obligation.
+A letter of agreement is a Substantial document in a business connection, But with all these kinds of arrangements, it can be tough to understand what every one wants to include. The record comprises a written agreement that’s detailed. Using DocuSign’s cloud storage you’ll be able to access all of your documents, allowing one to manage and monitor the development of all your transactions. You always must have all legal documents checked by means of a lawyer. Whenever you’re using a legal record it is a very good notion to make certain that the legal record is well composed by obtaining it checked by a specialist.
+Confidentiality agreements May Be utilized in Many other instances, also. A confidentiality agreement should be ironclad to be able to properly protect your company from injury. It should be ironclad to be in a position to properly safeguard your company from injury. It is not effective unless it has been signed. You may also wish to consider employing the normal confidentiality agreement. You might also wish to think about about utilizing the standard confidentiality agreement. More from the site Our totally free template confidentiality agreements are updated.
+If you’re being asked to sign up for non-compete arrangement for a country of Hire, you won’t have lots of choice regarding whether you register it. The first thing you need to do when told you will be asked to sign a non-compete agreement is ask to see a duplicate of this arrangement ahead. The very first thing you need to do when informed you will be asked to sign a non-compete agreement is ask to observe a copy of the arrangement ahead of time.
+Unlike a Great Deal of small business contracts, non-disclosure arrangements can be Quite straightforward. They are a requirement for businesses which want to safeguard their intellectual property. A non-disclosure arrangement can shield any form of information which isn’t commonly known. Additional agreements can be found at Confidentiality Agreements. A car leasing agreement is a kind of payment arrangement.
+Confidentiality agreements could be utilized in quite Some different conditions, too. A confidentiality agreement needs to be ironclad to be able to properly safeguard your company from injury. It is not effective unless it has been signed. A normal confidentiality agreement contains the names of those parties involved with the arrangement, the non-disclosure content as well as the resultant consequences if at all of the needz aren’t met. You may also want to consider utilizing the normal confidentiality agreement. More from the site Our fully free template confidentiality arrangements are updated.
+A buy agreement outlines the terms of a one-time Purchase, instead of a Continuing payment. Download our normal template if you’re searching for an extensive agreement that may be applied to a huge range of situations. A car rental agreement is a sort of payment agreement. Added agreements can be found in Confidentiality Agreements. Employee nondisclosure agreements define the information that is subject to nondisclosure from the length of employment.
+A rental agreement provides the terms of a rental, like if it’s a Month-to-month lease or for a fixed length of time. A non-disclosure arrangement can protect any form of information which isn’t generally known. When making a non disclosure agreement form it’s crucial to be sure you include everything in it that you’re able to. Non disclosure agreements are among the most common kinds of industrial contract. A non-disclosure agreement is usually signed between two firms to safeguard many secrets and thus raise the trade relations between both firms involved with the legal contract. Non-disclosure arrangements are a necessity for companies that want to protect their intellectual property. Product Development Non-Disclosure Agreement Share a brand new product or service that isn’t yet ready to be patented.
+Relationship It is very good to prepare the connection in the agreement. A sample Agreement is a significant method to be sure your arrangement has all the information it needs, presented in a specialist, polished way. Should you want a more specific agreement for a specific situation, take a peek at the other downloadable templates beneath.
+While forms are normally used and accessible elsewhere around the Internet it Is crucial to understand the constraints provided by types. Confidentiality agreement form is used as an incentive to build trust. Our confidentiality agreement forms are written by professionals and are intended to fulfill the greatest legal standards.
+The advice of a Company Ought to Be guarded and stays confidential, thus It needs to be performed in a contract. Lastly, in the event the data in the Non-Disclosure Agreement can be subject to a subpoena, it may or may be coverable. Understand you don’t just need to protect information from moving from the company, keeping it confidential within the company is equally as important. All the kinds of data including private data, customer lists, financial information and product development programs have to be confidential. Now, each the information is available online. Protecting the confidentially held information employed in business is very important.
+Define what is not confidential information too. Information is your best Valuable asset a company can have. The info in a working agreement is basically the exact same as that of a partnership agreement. Additional information could possibly be required, dependent on the sort of order being made. As a way to become enforceable, you will have to clearly define what constitutes confidential information. In most agreements, it’s far better to define what precisely is the confidential information. Therefore, as a guideline, if you are only trying to protect ordinary confidential information, it’d be wiser to place a reasonable time period for secrecy unless there’s extremely great reason your confidential information needs to be kept secret forever.
+When you find a template which you want to utilize, It’s likely to also double-click On the template thumbnail to open it in your document window and start customizing it instantly! You are able to earn a template to integrate the objective of this trip, with a section containing reminders for Customize your business travel planner template, in accordance with your requirement. Templates are an excellent time saving feature which will allow you to save you a fantastic deal of energy and time. Instead of typing the same answers to the same queries time after time, they allow you to quickly send the exact same information in an email without having to retype all of it. You can also see Agreement Templates. Ensure you select a confidentiality agreement template that’s suitable for your organization.
+When utilizing a template, all you will need to do is to tackle it, Personalise it and after that click send! A template is essentially a strategy of this record that has to be composed. In fact, maintaining your own personal development strategy simple is important if seeking an excellent template.
+When the template is prepared, you are able to fill in the vital particulars of this Company trips for simple reference. Our non-disclosure arrangement templates Make it simple to produce your own. You Might Also Take a Look at our additional Variety of Non-Disclosure Agreement Templates.
+kontenplan bwr
+kontenplan bwr
+kontenplan bwr
+kontenplan bwr
+kontenplan bwr
+Guilderland Archives The Altamont Enterprise, August 3, 2006
+Pair safely coaxed from smoke-filled house
+By Jarrett Carroll
+GUILDERLAND Police coaxed a resident out of a smoked-filled home after he refused to leave during a fire at 6116 Johnston Rd.
+The bedroom fire started from a burning cigarette and resulted in two residents being treated for smoke inhalation at local hospitals, according to the Westmere Fire Department. There were other residents living in the home, but they quickly left the house and were unharmed.
+The fire started around 8:30 a.m. on Sunday morning.
+"The fire originated in the bedroom," said Westmere Fire Chief William Swartz. "Two residents were sent to the hospital for smoke inhalation.
+"It started from the improper disposal of a cigarette," Swartz told The Enterprise yesterday.
+There was minimal damage to the home, with some smoke and water damage; the fire damage was contained in the bedroom, according to the fire chief.
+"One of them refused to come out of the house," said Swartz. "There was a lot of smoke coming out of the house and the police finally convinced him to come out. The fire was put out by the residents before we arrived there."
+Both the Guilderland and State Police responded to the Johnston Road fire, and the McKownville Fire Department provided mutual aid for the Westmere department while it covered the call.
+The Fort Hunter Fire Department provided FAST support for Westmere. FAST is an acronym that means Firefighters Assist and Search Team, according to Swartz, and it is a special team consisting of two or more firefighters dedicated solely to the search and rescue of other firefights in distress.
+If there is a multiple-alarm fire, multiple FAST teams are deployed.
+Pignapping gets serious
+By Jarrett Carroll
+GUILDERLAND A second "pignapping" in Guilderland has led to increased police presence and changed the town’s tone from pig-laden innuendo, to a downright serious investigation.
+Liberty, the Pine Bush Elementary Schools pig, was ripped out of its pen in front of the principals office on Saturday, between 5 and 5:30 p.m., and found in the wooded area behind the school around 7 p.m. on Monday evening.
+The only clues left behind were three pig prints where masonry glue held Liberty to cement in the ground.
+The fiberglass pig statue is one of 28 across town, part of the Chamber of Commerce "Pigtacular," launched in June with a "Pignic" in Altamont’s park and concludes with a "Hogtoberfest," where the pigs will be auctioned for charity.
+"We have certainly stepped up patrols in the areas where pigs are placed," said Guilderland’s deputy police chief, Carol Lawlor. "We have a couple of ideas of those involved, but it’s still under investigation."
+"This is vandalism," said Jane Schramm the Guilderland Chamber of Commerce’s executive director. "Having one pig stolen was bad, but having another one cut down and stolen that’s serious."
+Last week the Town Center Plazas Bruce Pigsteen was stolen and anonymously returned with minor scrapes. Pigsteen still has not returned to its pen along Western Avenue.
+"We are just happy to have Liberty back," said Pine Bush’s principal, Martha Beck. "We applaud the efforts of the media and the police departments for all of their time."
+Pine Bush Elementary was not intending to auction off Liberty, but instead wants to keep it at the school as an unofficial mascot, according the schools PTA president Maureen Iuorno, who spoke to The Enterprise Monday before the pig was returned.
+"We were planning on keeping him. Our art teacher and students became very attached to Liberty," said Iuorno. "That was going to be his permanent placement in front of the principal’s office."
+Liberty is decorated with endangered Karner blue butterflies, the schools mascot, voted on by the children, and a native of the pine barren near the school. Apples and apple blossoms also decorate the pig, in homage to the schoolyard orchard planted by the students.
+Beck told The Enterprise that the school doesnt care about pressing charges right now, but only wanted Liberty to come home.
+"We were mostly interested in getting Liberty back for the children," said Beck. "The children didn’t get to see him finished during the last week of school and we were looking forward to having Liberty for the children’s first day back."
+Piggy prank or Larded Larceny"
+Cutting down the pigs or damaging them during theft could change the crime from a simple petit larceny offense, which is a misdemeanor, to criminal mischief and criminal trespassing charges, which could be felony offenses, said Lawlor.
+The Guilderland Police Department currently has officers investigating Libertys disappearance and return.
+Liberty was found when a woman drove by a construction area on Coons Road in the rear of the school and saw the pig behind a pile of gravel. Beck says Liberty was not there the night before and believes it was left there to be anonymously returned to the school.
+One Guilderland woman says she and her 12-year-old daughter may have witnessed the Pine Bush pignapping. The Enterprise is withholding her name because she was concerned about retaliation from the vandals.
+"My daughter noticed a car with its trunk open," she said. "There were two teenaged boys there; they didn’t look suspicious"About 15 minutes later, the pig was gone."
+She did not get a license plate number, but described the car as either a black sedan Ford Taurus or Sable.
+"It was my daughter who was really suspicious of the whole thing," she continued. "When I drove by, the pig was definitely there. But when I drove back again, it was gone."
+The Guilderland woman also told The Enterprise that her younger daughter, who attends Pine Bush Elementary, was playing at a nearby house, when she noticed a black car drive by with "something that was covered up hanging out of the back."
+Principal Beck also said a family that was playing nearby noticed a group of either teenaged or college-aged kids hanging around the pig shortly before it disappeared.
+Some business owners are starting to protect their pigs, according to Schramm, who described the fiberglass pigs as a financial investment; each one, before being decorated cost $500.
+"If need be, owners may have to put them inside, which is unfortunate," said Schramm. "They will still be on display for the public"but, understandably, more of them are bringing them inside."
+"Here for the children"
+Liberty got its name from a school-wide vote from both staff and students.
+The money to purchase the pig was raised by a bake sale and a dollar for dollar match by the schools PTA.
+After its purchase, art teacher Christine Monlea spent long hours preparing Liberty for the "pignic" and for the Pine Bush school.
+"Don’t forget, we have kindergarten through sixth grade, and they really wanted to see that pig when they came back," said Iuorno. "One of the students said it was sad that, while they were eating lunch, their art teacher was painting Liberty and didn’t get to eat her lunch. She worked on it for months."
+As for Libertys recovery, only minor damage to its hooves and head occurred, according to Beck.
+"There is some damage, which is unfortunate, but at least it will be here for the children when they come back," Beck said.
+Beck told The Enterprise that discussions are now taking place on where Liberty will be penned. At first, said Beck, Liberty will be in the front lobby of the school and "different alternatives" will be discussed.
+"We may just bring Liberty inside every night," said Beck.
+Democratic contest
+Underdog Suozzi bares teeth at party choice Spitzer
+By Jarrett Carroll
+GUILDERLAND Without the backing of his party, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Tom Suozzi says he is appealing directly to the people of New York State in order to combat what he calls "the most dysfunctional state government in the country."
+Suozzi sat down with The Enterprise at Guilderlands Mangia restaurant in Stuyvesant Plaza last Wednesday to eat and to talk about why he belongs in the Governors Mansion instead of Attorney General Elliot Spitzer.
+And yes he plans on actually living there if elected.
+Over a bowl of pasta, Suozzi outlined his proposals for running the state, changing its business climate, keeping residents here, and stopping suburban sprawl. He also expressed his frustrations with the current political mechanics of New York.
+Coming fresh off of the debate with Spitzer, a day after a Siena poll showed him trailing Spitzer by over 70 points, Suozzi anxiously asked the two reporters dining with him what they thought of the previous nights debate.
+The pair thought it was a draw.
+Suozzi, however, didn’t mince words in his presumption that he was the clear winner and that voters deserved more debates. He added that, out of nine debates, Spitzer only agreed to one, and that he would debate Spitzer "anywhere, anytime, on any issue."
+Suozzi told The Enterprise that, even though he and Spitzer are both running on reform platforms, there is a real choice between the two Democrats.
+"He’s been in Albany for the past seven-and-a-half years. Where’s the passion been"" asked Suozzi, taking a jab at Spitzer’s campaign slogan. "Elliot may be the ‘Sheriff of Wallstreet,’ but he’s only been a prosecutor. I’ve been a chief executive for the past 12 years."
+He was a surprise winner in Republican-dominated Long Island.
+Suozzi said executive experience is more important than judicial experience when it comes to managing a state like New York.
+Suozzi has touted this political philosophy since his campaigns inception.
+"I can do it because I’ve done it," said Suozzi, comfortably quoting his campaign slogan.
+Using his own Nassau County as an example, Suozzi said he took one of the worst-run counties in the nation and turned it around. Using a similar strategy, Suozzi says he can do the same for the state as a whole.
+"I’m someone who’s been in public life," said Suozzi. "I understand how it works and I’m doing it."
+While talking about his plans for the state, Suozzi invokes a sense of confidence despite poor poll numbers and little campaign funding. Suozzi has raised a little more than $9 million to date, compared to the $11 million Spitzer has raised in the past six months alone.
+When the subject turned to his opponent, however, he took on a more beleaguered tone as he accused the attorney general of stealing his platforms on property-tax reduction and upstate job revival, issues that Spitzer has not addressed until recently, he said.
+Hot-button issues
+Saying that he grew up in a community much like Guilderland, Suozzi said he knows the issues that upstate New Yorkers face on a daily basis, including the rise of strip malls and disappearance of open space.
+"I’m from one of the oldest suburbs in the country, and now we’re one of the most mature suburbs," said Suozzi. "You’ve got to stop the sprawl.
+"How do you know I’ll do it" Because I’ve done it," said Suozzi
+Suozzi said that Long Island is where NIMBY began. NIMBY is an acronym for Not In My Back Yard. Many residents want the economic benefits of having businesses in their town, but do not want to deal with reality of living next to it, or having to drive through it. It is term also used with municipal necessities such as landfills, water and sewage treatment plants, and power plants.
+Hence the reference not in my backyard.
+Suozzi told The Enterprise his stance on "dividing issues" that he says are used to distract from the real issues, such as property taxes, upstate jobs, and government reform. Here is where he stands on some state-wide "hot-button" issues:
+He is against the death penalty in every way, shape, and form. He condemns the practice completely, citing personal religious beliefs;
+Again citing personal religious beliefs, he is against gay marriage. Suozzi said he believes same-sex couples deserve to enjoy the same rights, benefits, and privileges as heterosexual couples, but wants the state to adopt civil unions over marriage, calling it a "sacrament" that cannot be changed;
+He does not believe that United States should create a timetable for the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq;
+He believes that abortions should be safe, legal, and accessible to New Yorkers, but said that the state should try to limit the number of them;
+He is for the use of medical marijuana in New York, and, during last weeks debate, both he and Spitzer admitted to smoking marijuana at one time in their lives;
+He believes that the Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant should be closed;
+He believes that overall public schools are better than private schools; and
+No, he does not deny having Presidential aspirations.
+Party favors
+When asked if his running against a high-profile, favorably publicized, and well-liked fellow Democrat was damaging or causing dissent amongst his party, Suozzi quickly answered, with a not-so-subtle hint of agitation.
+"I’m not getting any support from the party," Suozzi said. "For the past seven-and-a-half years, Elliot has only put out good press on himself."
+Suozzi said that, within the party, some people have quietly told him that he is doing the right thing, but that he is receiving no outward political support. That is why, he said, he is going directly to the people for support to avoid becoming what he calls his opponent an "Albany insider."
+Suozzi is no stranger to running a campaign without his partys support. Becoming the first Democrat executive since 1917 in Nassau County, Suozzi ran against the countys Democratic chairman to win his seat in 2002 after being mayor of Glen Clove.
+He didnt receive party support then, and he hasnt received it for his gubernatorial run. Suozzi says he runs his campaigns on the will of the people and good ideas rather than through party favors.
+Accusing Spitzer of closed-door Albany politics, Suozzi said an outsider is needed to clean the corruption in New York and that his opponent has yet to deliver on past promises of aggressively pursuing government reform.
+Suozzi charged Spitzer with failing to use his influence and position to go after political corruption with the same tenacity that he used uncovering Wallstreet corruption.
+Suozzi said he has a proven track record as the executive of Nassau County when it comes to reform, citing 11 bond upgrades in the county under his administration. Continuing, Suozzi cited a projected $428 million budget deficit in his county for 2004, which he says he turned into a $78 million dollar surplus.
+The secret, said Suozzi, was cutting spending, condensing the countys workforce, capping Medicaid, bidding competitively, and bringing jobs to the area.
+Reducing the number of unfunded mandates handed down by the state, which then have to be financed at the county level, is also an important issue that needs to dealt with, according to Suozzi.
+The state of business
+"If New York State was a business, it would be a $113 billion dollar business with 191,000 employees, and it’s going bankrupt," Suozzi said. "The customers are fleeing to the competition."
+Running a county with an operating budget of $2.4 billion and a population larger than seven states, Suozzi said executive managing experience is on his side, adding, "It’s no small-time job."
+Suozzi is balancing his job as county executive with campaigning for governor, an endeavor he describes as "very difficult."
+New Yorks business climate is driving away businesses, jobs, and, most importantly, New York residents who are seeking those jobs, said Suozzi. The population of New York, primarily residents in the 18- to 35-year-old bracket, has been steadily decreasing in recent years, he said.
+"We have the most hostile business climate in the nation," said Suozzi. "We shouldn’t be providing incentives for anything but high-skill and high-tech industries"Green industry as well."
+Lowering the cost of doing business and being a more competitive state in the business market should be New Yorks number-one priority, aside from a much-needed reduction in property taxes, said Suozzi.
+"You want to get downtowns refilled" You want to stop sprawl" You want to stop the development of open space" Then you need to make things more economically attractive," said Suozzi. "No economic program works well without being a part of an overall vision."
+Economic programs and business incentives do not address the problems of New Yorks poor business climate, said Suozzi, who added that other states are reaping the benefits of New Yorks failures.
+"One of the biggest problems is property taxes. I’m going to lower property taxes," Suozzi said. "I proved that I’m a government reformer."
+The high cost of energy is another problem for New York businesses.
+"The only way to reduce energy cost is to increase supply and conservation," said Suozzi. "New York State should be a world leader in creating an environmental model for fossil fuels."
+Suozzi said he plans on creating an economic task force with regional "czars" who will communicate directly with the governor on business issues facing their area. Then, he said, all levels of government officials, including federal and state legislators, can come together in order to assess what is necessary for the overall growth of each area. Suozzi said this will allow for the pooling of resources and give an overall direction for the state’s future.
+An old-fashioned business plan with a list of future goals and benchmarks is what the state needs, said Suozzi.
+Saying that he did not take on a life in politics to make friends because there is no such thing as a "friend" in the profession, Suozzi told The Enterprise that he wants to return New York to its Empire State status.
+"If you want a friend in politics, then get a dog," Suozzi joked.
+Altamont seeks comments
+County considers right-to-farm law
+By Saranac Hale Spencer
+ALTAMONT As development encroaches, farms will likely remain a part of this area.
+The county is currently surveying municipalities on a county-wide right-to-farm law.
+A letter from Mark Fitzsimmons, the director of Albany Countys Department of Economic Development Conservation and Planning, asking for the villages input on the law was mentioned by Mayor James Gaughan at Tuesdays village board meeting.
+Gaughan said that he has asked Joseph Abbruzzese, an owner of Altamont Orchards; Bob Santorelli, president of the Altamont Fair board; and local agricultural landowners for comments before crafting a response to the county.
+Notification to potential property buyers that there are nearby farmlands and a dispute resolution system were two aspects of the law that the mayor highlighted when asked about it after the meeting. He emphasized the importance of "farmland heritage" to this area.
+"I would not like to see unnecessary conflict between new developments and farmlands," he said.
+Fitzsimmons also pointed to the conflict resolution portion of the law as significant. Sights, sounds, and smells from working farms arent always compatible with single-family homes, he said. With a conflict-resolution system, complaints can be dealt with outside of court.
+"Lawsuits are easy," he said yesterday. "But they’re expensive and time consuming."
+Protecting farms and farmlands is important because agriculture is a large part of the local economy, he said.
+"It is the number-one industry in the state," Fitzsimmons said. "It is still a very important economic feature and farmland itself is a non-renewable resource."
+Since the law will affect all of Albany County, Fitzsimmons said that he hopes to get as much input as possible from municipalities and he expects a range, from detailed reviews to general opinions.
+"Anything is going to be helpful," he said, adding that there is no firm timeline for the project and he hasn’t asked for responses by a specific date.
+Gaughan expects to give the village’s response to the county in about a month and said, "My personal predilection is to be in agreement with this."
+Other business
+In other business at recent meetings, the board:
+Honored former police chief and local documentary film producer, George Pratt, who made a film about cowboys in Florida. After Pratt retired, he began working on the ranges in Florida.
+The movie, Cowboys of Florida, was one of 10 finalists, chosen from a group of 350 international submissions, in the documentary category of the Palm Beach International Film Festival;
+Heard from Trustee Dean Whalen that the master-planning committee is working on cross-tabulations of the information gathered in the surveys that were sent out to village businesses and residents. "We’re really in the same stage as Harvey reported on two weeks ago," he said, referring to Trustee Harvey Vlahos;
+Heard from Keith Lee that Carl Schilling has been meeting with engineers regarding the Maple Avenue park. Schilling has volunteered to build a pavilion, which will mimic the train station overhang where the farmers market is held, as part of the second phase of a four-phase plan for the park. Gaughan said that the third phase will produce a childrens playground and the final phase will complete the planting on the hill;
+Heard from Gaughan that volunteer firefighters will be honored on the Saturday of Altamont Fair week in an event sponsored by the fair. It will start at the podium at 2 p.m. with a parade;
+Heard from Gaughan that a federal grant will be available in the fall for the purchase of a new senior van. The grant requires a 20-percent capital match. Gaughan said that the senior organization would be the applicant and the town would be the sponsor for the grant;
+Heard from Trustee William Aylward that he has been looking into soundproof fences to help contain noise at the fairgrounds. He said that the only local price quote he could get was $200 per linear foot. That fence is hollow, he said, and, when it is used for noise abatement, it is filled with old tires. He left the board with a rhetorical question is it our responsibility or the fair’s";
+Heard from Commissioner for Public Safety Anthony Salerno that WGNA, which organized Countryfest, has paid the village $4,040 in compensation for the police on duty during the event. "We’re trying every way we can to bring money in," he said;
+Heard from Salerno that Gaughan and officers Patrick Thomas, Kenneth Lebel, and Matthew Hanzalik, completed the National Management Course, which is required by Homeland Security;
+Voted unanimously to accept a bid for $3,700 from ABC Tree Company to remove trees on Lincoln Avenue; this was chosen from among four bids;
+Voted unanimously to appoint Larry N. Adams Jr. as an operator at the water treatment plant and Heather DeSarbo as court clerk from the Albany County Department of Civil Services list of eligible residents effective July 25, 2006;
+Voted unanimously to authorize Gaughan to sign property easement contracts for 15 properties along Brandle Road, which will allow the village to enter five feet into each property so that it can install a pipeline, eight inches in diameter, from a well for village use recently drilled near the road; and
+Voted unanimously to authorize the destruction of records retained in the village office beyond the required six years under New York State laws, following a review by the village historian for archival significance.
+[Return to Home Page]
+Best Buy CEO Says Tablet Sales Are “Crashing,” Sees Hope for PCs
+From CNBC:
+Re/code has landed in Minneapolis to talk to the folks at Best Buy — the last standing nationwide big-box, bricks-and-mortar consumer electronics retailer, with over 1,000 main stores and hundreds of smaller mobile device stores.
+. . . ..
+. . . .
+The issue has then been that, once you have a tablet of a certain generation, it’s not clear that you have to move on to the next generation.
+Well, I have both. And….
+I don’t suppose Best Buy would see this as a good thing, but tablets are solid state: they last longer. It’s quite possible that people just aren’t replacing them as quickly as PCs?
+It is… and I think he was kind of alluding to that in the quote. (I didn’t go and read the article.)
+I know that my iPad 1 is still going strong and is quite serviceable as long as you don’t want the latest greatest, much more so than a laptop of equivalent age would be. I am a bad example – I replace my computers less than half as often as most geeks of my acquaintance – but the theory seems sound.
+Most tablets have integrated batteries. When the battery goes, they’re dead.
+However, most don’t run Windows, so people are less likely to replace them just because they’re running a thousand different viruses and have slowed to a crawl.
+I think it’s because tablets are more of a luxury item. Once you have one, you have to try pretty hard to justify buying another one.
+I really hope netbooks make a comeback. When tablets supposedly replaced them, I was so ticked off because netbooks are great writing machines, whereas tablets seem to be designed only for consuming media.
+I thought the same. They’re portable TVs. I even envisioned a cartoon showing a family on the couch watching one, morphing to computers, then back on the couch, only each one watching their ipad.
+I do all my blogging and writing on my android tablet. It’s true that the tablets are designed more for other uses, but with a bluetooth keyboard you can be quite productive on them. The writing apps for android aren’t as robust as I would like, but there is currently a port of Open Office that is available. Hopefully it will be improved upon in the near future as many of the features are disabled and the menus still use the windows drop down method that seems atiquated compared with the ui of most apps.
+We have a couple of netbooks. Mrs. PG prefers a netbook to a laptop for writing in bed.
+We also take a netbook on trips when space is tight. It’s far from an ideal Photoshop platform, but I make it work for my travel photos.
+The Netbook name has been retired but the category of the 3lb/under-$500 laptop remains.
+Check the comparison table here:
+Mostly they are marketed as ultrabooks (search for “ultrabook 13″ for more examples) and convertible tablets as some come with touch screens and fold-flat keyboards so they can do double-duty.
+Netbooks aren’t dead; they just grew up a bit.
+This coming holiday/xmas season, Microsoft is suppose to be coming out with a Window competitor to Chromebook [Stream] starting at the $199 price point. This may be the netbook replacement you’re looking for.
+I hope the hardware is decent because I’ll buy one and install Lubuntu on it.
+Why not juts get a chrome book?
+Legacy apps.
+There’s more to computing life than online apps and office apps.
+Without going too far off-topic: Calibre alone justifies the extra $50-60.
+Because I want a machine that retains 100% of its functionality even when it’s not connected to the internet. Also, I only use the cloud for backup, not as the primary location for my data–I’d rather keep my data on a drive that I physically own.
+Already got one, actually: an Asus X200CA that I bought earlier this year. Swapped out the hard drive for a solid state, and it works like a charm.
+This might be why the netbook died, actually: the machines were so awesomely durable that you didn’t have to replace them very often. I got one of the original Asus eee PCs back in 2008 and used that thing through most of 2013. It still works fine, in fact–the only problem is that the battery and power cord are completely shot (that, and 1 GB is not enough memory to navigate today’s internet).
+I’m still running an Acer netbook I got back in the Vista days. Since I practice safe computing and stay out of disreputable sites (no BPH sites or the like) the thing still works like a charm. The battery is only good for 10 minutes by now but everything else is fine.
+Computers are actually very durable if you treat them well; I have a total of seven working computers going back to Atari days.
+We had two of the Asus EeePC1000HE netbooks.
+I doubled the RAM, put Crucial M4 SSD drives in them, and installed Windows 7, and they were still speedy little machines. We gave one away and kept the other.
+But mainly for portable we have a couple Chromebooks that we prefer.
+How do you add RAM? Isn’t that soldered to the motherboard on laptops and netbooks?
+Depends on the model, but usually there’s a port on the underside that you can pop open. Laptop RAM is tiny tiny.
+My lenovo has replaceable battery, hard drive, ram, and processor. This, along with an absolute top-notch keyboard, was a major reason I went with the Lenovo brand.
+Try a Samsung Chromebook, Joe. At $250 for the 11″, solid state version, it’s pretty great. I’v written a novel and several short stories on it in the past year, using primarily google docs, but you can access MS Word online and Apple pages online as well.
+Very, very seriously considering a MS Surface Pro 3 (Core i5, 256GB SSD, etc… the nicer one that isn’t crippled by crap cpu/RAM/tiny SSD).
+SP3 is an ultra-portable touchscreen laptop that pretends to be a tablet. Android/iOS tablets/phones, while neat, are left in the dust by a huge margin when it comes to the functionality/features/power that laptops/desktops have.
+Also, the separate keyboard on the SP3 is very, very nice. I was quite surprised.
+Edit to add that no tablet/phone can compare to a macbook/windows laptop for people who need legacy apps (I need my Scrivener, Photoshop, gaming, audio engineering, etc programs, and there isn’t a tablet on this planet other than the Surface Pro, which isn’t really a tablet, that can do all of these things.
+It’s the legacy apps that hold some of us back. This is not a bad thing at all for me. I have a couple of tablets and some phones that range from Android to Windows. I still prefer my desktop computer and my laptop to all, because no matter how great these ‘devices’ are that aren’t computers, they aren’t computers. They’re just glorified electronic toys that haven’t caught up to mature computing yet.
+I do all my work on Libreoffice and other free/open source programs. Not a huge fan of MS Word or Google Docs. Also, I prefer Ubuntu to Windows.
+I hear there’s a Linux version of Scrivener in the making.
+I looooove my Chromebook. It’s not my main computer or a replacement for a full featured laptop. It’s my on-the-go writing machine that also lets me access the internet and stream music. That’s all I needed.
+We still have two netbooks and I use them quite a bit for writing when I go places. I rarely take my work laptop as it is a heavy one with a nice screen – great for moving around inter-office for meetings, etc, but not really super-portable.
+I CANNOT adopt any more electronic devices. I’m already neglecting the ones that I own, and it wouldn’t be fair to them. There are only 24 hours in a day!
+I usually adopt a technology about a fortnight before the rest of the world decides it is obsolete. I bought my tablet a fortnight ago. Good to know the world is operating as usual.
+Well, I recently bought a new Surface Pro tablet, but I bought it from the Microsoft Store (which set up shop directly across from the Apple Store in U Village, a fact that made me lol), not from Best Buy, because Best Buy wanted to charge me $300 more.
+So maybe that’s why Best Buy’s tablet sales are crashing.
+The Microsoft store at Valley Fair in San Jose is also right across from the Apple store.
+My wife was getting her Macbook looked at and pondering purchasing a new one. As we headed between the two stores I brightly suggested that perhaps we could get her a surface instead.
+She was not amused.
+My first thought when I saw the headline in the queue was “Does he know that Best Buy is crashing?”
+I’ll add that I’m leaning toward the Surface-2 myself. Apples walls just keep getting higher every day.
+The surface looks like a really nice machine and it’s very tempting to buy one, but I can’t justify it right now.
+I bought a Surface pro earlier this year. It is a beautiful piece of hardware, but I can’t say I am a fan of Windows 8.1, or whatever the version number is. It seems unnecessarily difficult to find some things, and once an update took my internet connection off-line. I had to google from my work PC, until I located a forum where Microsoft techs were quietly telling people how to fix the problem.
+It’s a mixed bag for me. The kindle app on the Surface is super fast – it is a great reader. But I can’t get the Facebook app to recognize my account, so I fall back on my iPad or an old XP laptop for that. Same with blogger. But you can put a fully operational version of Office on it, and it has a port for a memory stick, so it’s better than an iPad that way.
+For a while there, I found it very funny that it seemed like wherever I saw a Borders, a Barnes and Noble would go up inside a year, or vice versa. That didn’t work out so well in the long run.
+Although it was very funny to me that the Gideons were directly across from the pro-choice people at the county fair last weekend. It would have been even funnier had they put the pro-life people there, but I guess the organizers had SOME sense of self-preservation.
+The Microsoft store in the Mall of America is also right across the hall from the Apple store. Must be a tactic.
+I get the impression that Best Buy’s sales in general are tanking, so why would I trust what they say about technology. OTOH, I think that tablets are of MOST limited utility. The advent of laptops with detachable touchscreen monitors would seem to me to sound a death’s knell for pure tablets and — probably — two-in-ones. (To the extent that there’s a diff.)
+I don’t get how you can write on a tablet. Even with a keyboard add-on. Certainly, standard wifi needs a great deal of improvement to be completely serviceable.
+M
+The advent of laptops with detachable touchscreen monitors would seem to me to sound a death’s knell for pure tablets and — probably — two-in-ones.
+I have an Asus Transformer, which is basically the same design. It’s not a very good tablet because it’s the size of a small laptop screen, so heavy and hard to carry around. It’s also a lousy laptop because all the heavy stuff is behind the screen, so it’s continually trying to tip over.
+I’ll take a real laptop any day. I haven’t attached the keyboard to it in over a year.
+Best Buy was tanking until last year but now they seem to have stabilized by moving to smaller stores, changing the product mix, and flexible pricing.
+A lot of their problems were (and still are) due to bad local store managers.
+Mark, as long as I’m producing text (as opposed to editing, which is iffy or needing multiple windows open) writing on my iPad goes great. I prefer having my BT keyboard, but last week I wrote web copy for my client (in front of her) using just the on-screen keyboard. Oddly enough, it didn’t feel that much slower than if I’d been on my computer. She was impressed too.
+I’m actually finding that for just writing, I do better on my iPad. When I write on a computer, I fall into the trap rewriting as I go, or finding a reason to go research something instead of writing. The iPad focuses me somehow.
+Juli, same for me using my iPhone. Easy to write with sitting in waiting rooms, bed, etc. I’m been tempted to use a speech to text program you but just haven’t had time to fool with it yet.
+Be curious your results. I always figure I can type faster than the program could keep up with me, but I could be wrong.
+And just wait until iOS 8 and auto predict keyboards. Swiftkey on Android is amazing!
+I’ve used a speech to text app, and it works “pretty good” but often transcribes words into some real wonky gibberish
+probably one of the reasons I’ve hesitant trying more right now.
+Yeah, iOS 8 should be a doozie!
+But if I get to try more with that app I’ll let you know; it even sends a transcript via email to me if I want, then I can copy paste it, etc.
+Kinda wondering if there’s good reason to worry bout the writing being picked up by others though, that wouldn’t be good for a WIP.
+It also could be that more people are using their phones in place of tablets. (in fact, I just upgraded my phone yesterday and the sales clerk noted that most people were using their phones in place of computers and/or tablets. Mind you, some of the phones are as big as tablets…)
+Last month I bought a new computer. They threw in a free tablet as part of the deal.
+This is because lots of people bought iPads instead of Samsung crap; iPads don’t need to be upgraded so frequently (unless you crave for a newer model, but it’s not a mandatory upgrade as in the desktop PC world).
+I like my Samsung crap.
+I do too. Thanks to Papyrus, my Galaxy Note 8 enabled me to do away with paper notebooks last year. Added a Bluetooth keyboard, and now I’ve got even more portability and flexibility when it comes to writing. Granted, I don’t edit on a tablet. Have yet to find an app that isn’t too clunky to navigate for anything other than straight drafting. That said, I think my setup works just as well as my friend’s setup on an Ipad mini.
+I don’t, however, think tablets are a replacement for a netbook or laptop. They’ve got different capabilities and functions. The tablet is fantastic for reading, browsing, and drafting, and my netbook enables me to draft and edit without hauling a big laptop around, but neither of them compare to a more powerful computer with a larger screen when it comes to things like running InDesign or Photoshop. Or playing certain games.
+And I tend to use my devices until they die. Can’t afford to replace ’em as regularly as the manufacturers would like. 😀
+I just bought a Galaxy Note 10 and I love it.
+Wait – you can buy a tablet?
+We bought 3 tablets for our family from Amazon.
+I still use my alphasmart neo to produce fiction.
+But then my main two criteria for a writing platform is that it shouldn’t ever, ever, under any circumstances, please, ever be capable of using the internet. Plus, secondly, it should have a keyboard.
+Otherwise I end up on thePassiveVoice.com
+It’s an addiction.
+From the full article (but I wonder if they’ll try to upsell or switch what I’d want to buy :
+“We’ll match the price. So we’ve taken price off the table. Because we think that customers come to us with good intentions…
+“So what do I have to do? Do I have to literally say, ‘Here on my phone you can see, Amazon has this TV for $100 less.’ And you’ll just match it?
+“Yes, exactly. With a smile.” –
+Ahhh, competition
+For the longest time Best Buy the store wouldn’t match the prices of BestBuy.com.
+Glad they’re finally waking up. Too bad I don’t shop there any more.
+I stopped shopping at Best Buy for a few years because of that. It was insulting. They do seem a lot better now. I’ve bought my last two large-screen TV’s from them and not Amazon.
+Why should I set foot in a Best Buy when there is ebay and Amazon?
+I am a geek and I like to be surrounded by gadgets, even gadgets I don’t need/want/can’t afford. So sometimes I like to go to Best Buy or Tiger Direct and just walk around.
+We figured what with momentous release of Perreaux’s first loudspeakers, the Audiant SR35, and 2014 being the company’s 40th anniversary, it was an apt moment to quiz owner Martin van Rooyen, colloquially known as Marty.
+Witchdoctor – You could have knocked me over with a feather when I heard the news that Perreaux was making their own speakers. I guess I had always seen the company as amplification specialists. [Although we know of course, that you have turned your attentions to CD players, etc, in the past] And the speaker market seems like such a crowded field. What motivated you to try your hand at speakers?
+Marty – The speaker market is indeed very crowded. However, the move towards speakers is logical. We have many users worldwide. In recent years we looked at companies such as Linn, Naim, Gryphon and a host of others who also offer loudspeakers as a part of their lineup. We feel like they do, that buyer behaviour is varied and it is best to be able to cater to as wide a grouping as possible. Granted most are happy to purchase a component from our lineup. However, some have broader aspirations and take a whole-of-system approach. As opposed to a market driven approach, ours places greater emphasis on acoustic and electro mechanical engineering, which some of our customers find very refreshing indeed.
+Witchdoctor – What specifically was the thinking behind the SR35s, and were they a long time in R&D? How did you decide on a path in terms of sound and design; who to employ and where to get parts?
+Marty – The SR35 is designed to compliment the Audiant series lineup and as such it required a thoroughly modern approach. As usual at Perreaux, everything we do is pretty much designed with an engineering focus which can at times be a very challenging environment to partake part in.
+Engineering briefs were created, cabinets mocked up, components installed, measurements taken and so on and so forth for what seemed like an iterative eternity. I feel it has been one of our more challenging undertakings to date. This is partly also due to the reason that it was a re-entry into loudspeakers for us and as such there was also little room for compromise between aesthetic and engineering bottom lines.
+The final version of the product was created approx 2.5 years after the project first commenced. Cabinet manufacturing, sanding, spraying, testing, assembly and packaging is all done in the Perreaux factory. Our engineered approach, with sophisticated math modelling and live testing has exceeded our initial design goals.
+I also would like to pay credit to a wonderful and dear friend, GB, who gave of his time and incredible design expertise so generously and repeatedly. How he resisted reaching for his gun to shoot me, I will never fully understand. I wish to sincerely thank my kind friend for everything he has done for us over the years.
+Witchdoctor – Are they designed, like so many products these days, to be at their optimum when matched with other Perreaux gear?
+Marty – Yes, correct….they have specifically been designed with the Audiant series in mind and will perform optimally with the Audiant series amplification products.
+Witchdoctor – They’re fairly efficient, smallish speakers. Perreaux built its name on super-powerful amps. Has the company philosophy shifted into downsize mode, given the size of living areas and concern over power-sucking devices?
+Marty – Sort of….the SR35 when combined with the Audiant 80i or DP32/100p combination will enable each amplifier system combination to develop to their fullest potential. The Audiant series amplifiers delivering between 80 – 100w of pure clean power when matched correctly to the SR35… will deliver an incredibly convincing performance. Perreaux has always been known for high powered products, and putting things in context the Audiant series are also at the extreme end of the performance curve for this class of product.
+The SR35 is not designed for the Eloquence or Prisma series products… both of these series should be used in combination with far larger loudspeakers than the SR35. We reserve the right to develop larger loudspeakers in time to suit our larger amplification products.
+Witchdoctor – Were the speakers envisioned with a particular type of user, or with an idea of the style of music that might suit them best?
+Marty – In golf there is a saying ‘drive for show and put for dough’. The same applies to hi-fi gear. It would sadden me to see an offering as sophisticated and detailed as the Audiant series be applied on full-on head-bashing applications. If a client wants to achieve this type of sound, please purchase Cerwyn Vega and a switch mode PA amp. The Audiant series is specifically designed for the discerning customer that aspires to own a high quality preforming NZ manufactured system that can cater to their wide variety of music tastes.
+Witchdoctor – The SR35s have such an extraordinarily clear and yet dynamic sound… being a fan of hybrid electrostatics, and so often disappointed even by expensive cone speakers, I’m amazed at the brilliance of these quite modest speakers (in terms of price). What were the key characteristics you were looking for in the SR35s, and are there any secrets you can reveal? (My guess is that fewer crossovers really helps get rid of any hash, and that because the drivers/tweeter are on a dedicated panel at head height, this makes them more like stand mounts in a more convenient and attractive form?)
+Marty – Good observations… amazing sound agreed… but please understand that I need to be a bit careful in what I say for fear of revealing too much.
+I want to state, our price in NZ is basically our gift to our loyal NZ buyers only. Think in terms of a speaker of a multiple of this price if it was exported, passed through customs, had VAT added and been put through an overseas distributor/retailer network.
+The first thing which strikes you about many of these products we looked at is the old out of sight out of mind principle is still alive and well. Most look incredible from the outside but on closer inspection inside, not a dollar extra is lavished than absolutely has to be. One very rough measurement is to simply weigh each cabinet against measured outside dimensions. It soon becomes apparent that the SR35 is substantially heavier per equal measure of volume than its competitors. What does this reveal? A very robust and heavy cabinet construction that will assist in the reduction of cabinet flexure and further dampen internal resonances to an absolute minimum.
+Let’s now move on to the drivers. The mid range/woofer drivers are modified Norwegian SEAS products, supplied to us directly by SEAS Norway. The tweeter is also from SEAS Norway and are the same model as used by some of the most reputable world reknown loudspeaker manufacturers in their reference series products.
+The driver arrangement is an MTM (Midrange, Tweeter, Midrange) format. This is also known as a D’Appolito design after world famous audio designer Joseph D’Appolito. You can read all about him here.
+In a nutshell…a D’Appolito design ensures that a pinpoint source at the centre of the tweeter is always maintained. This is opposed to systems which employ asymmetrically mounted drivers, which due to the changing nature of music produced can result in a smearing of the central focus of the sound in a vertical direction as different drivers are employed to produce sound at various frequencies.
+On the drivers, let me be clear: not many speaker manufacturers today source their drivers from SEAS Norway. Why? Because they cost a fortune. You want the best, most accurate and detailed sound possible, look to Northern European manufacturers.
+We have used high tensile black electroplated stainless steel machine screws to mount the drivers and plate to the cabinet. This in turn has necessitated the use of internal machine thread T nuts being internally placed into the blank wooden plates beforehand. These machine screws offer incredible integrity.
+Internally, we have used a special design programme to ensure that internal reflections are reduced to as great an extent as is practical. I could be giving the game away here, but let me say that we have really put considerable thought into this aspect of the design.
+Internal cabling: once again, we used quality cables and hand soldered everything carefully with high silver content solder.
+Crossover: best engineered design employed, top quality components sourced directly from Jansen in Denmark.No compromises.
+Rear port: is custom constructed and precisely optimised both in length and size for our design. We could have purchased a plastic port tube like everyone else does…but it would have invariably involved compromises, so we designed and manufactured our own port and after many iterations of calculated vs tested results settled on the optimum, which is what you hear today.
+The aluminium front panel plate is not some aesthetic piece, it is 12mm thick made from a solid extruded piece of marine grade aluminium, milled to our precise requirements and then carefully threaded, bead blasted, anodised and then screen printed. I will not tell you how much those front panels cost, but let me assure you that one of our esteemed Northern European competitors use something similar in their design and their speaker retails around $10,000 here.
+The reason we chose to mount the tweeters? The mounting height of the tweeters is critical. They are specifically designed to be as close to ear height to the seated listener. In addition to this we have also offset mounted the tweeters to either side of each cabinet to minimise edge diffraction issues.
+Witchdoctor – My only (rather oblique) criticism is that, because I like deep bass, I felt that they needed the addition of a sub in a larger lounge. There’s certainly adequate and well-controlled bass when instructions are followed regarding the position in relation to the wall behind the speakers. What are your views on this?
+Marty – Referring to my earlier comments about form and function, we specifically designed the speakers around the needs of living in today’s modern environment. Most buyers when forced to admit, their better halves so often act as the final hurdle. Many say ‘go ahead, buy a nice sound system, but I don’t want to see it’, hence the massive drive towards discrete in-wall systems with all their ghastly acoustic idiosyncrasies.
+Clearly one of our design goals was to allow the rear of the speaker to come close to the rear wall (300mm) and not force the listener to mount it well out into the room. For aesthetic and coupling reasons, we also wanted the port to be rear mounted. In terms of compromises…actually we have made very few. Bass response is exceptionally tight and has real punch and when measured the overall response when mounted as per our recommendations is very flat throughout the audio spectrum.
+One of our design goals was for a speaker which exhibited natural bass with a rolling bass response, which in turn would extend to very low frequencies. The end result of a speaker with a natural bass profile is more low bass at the expense of total bass.
+That said, we have no control over the acoustic treatment of the listening environment which our speakers are utilised. If used with feet spikes on a hard wood floor…I would venture to say that the bass response may indeed prove to be too much for some listeners. If on the other hand you use the SR35s in a heavily carpeted room with lots of soft furnishings and drapes, you may find that the bass is either to your taste or for some music tastes, could potentially benefit from a discretely mounted sub. To me it largely gets down to personal preference. That said, I’m no fan of subs.
+Optimal listening position is also hard to achieve in most homes. Generally, the TV rules and the speakers are placed either side. The listener should be situated at the apex of an equilateral triangle. The speakers can also benefit from moderate toe in.
+One thing that sticks out to our minds is the exceptional three-dimensional holographic sound stage that we feel we have achieved with the design. People who hear them at Perreaux have been genuinely awe struck.
+Witchdoctor – I found with the Audiant 80i driving the speakers, I was frequently turning the volume to around half to achieve optimum sound levels. I gather that this is perfectly okay? It’s just that I’m used to only ever getting to around 9 o’clock on the volume.
+Marty – Yes, perfectly okay. There is this widely held belief that there is any meaningful measured and repeatable correlation between amplifier knob position and output volume. You change speakers and the amp volume may need to be raised or lowered to suit prior tastes. The same also applies to audio tracks. Some are recorded at a low setting and some are recorded at far higher levels. There is no damage to the amplifier or the speaker if turning above the 12 setting. Consider it to be an arbitrary value.
+Witchdoctor – Are there plans for a range of different sized speakers?
+Marty – Yes. In a perfect world, we would like to do more in the speaker space. I think that we need to give this thought more time to mature and to roll the concept around in our mouths and also to give our customers time to appreciate the SR35.
+Witchdoctor – Finally, I’m sure our readers would love to know more about Perreaux’s plans for the next year. With the increasing sense of pride in NZ, are more of us wanting superior locally made products like Perreaux? Or is most of your drive still towards international markets?
+Marty – We remain very satisfied with our long term relationship with Harvey Norman. They have been one of the most loyal and hard working partners we have had and long may we remain in their favour.
+A number of years ago HN deliberately set forth with a plan to bring greater focus on NZ-made products and selected Theophany for loudspeakers, Perreaux for amplifiers and other peripherals and a grouping of other local suppliers covering cables, racks, etc. In the main, we feel it has been and remains a sound strategy and to give them full credit, they did not hold back on their orders with our company. After the dust settled, what they found was that there were not too many customers for a $10,000 high end piece like the Prisma series 350 power amplifier. Like any good business, managers are charged with ensuring their stock turns over at a maximum pace, hence the reason why they have moved the exotic items out and continued their focus on the Audiant series (primarily the Audiant 80i) because it is just affordable to their customer base. We have never made demands on them to hold certain stock. If they require a very expensive unit for one of their customers, they know they can simply send us an order.
+In terms of the Audiant SR35 loudspeaker, actually it was our decision to build an online store to enable us to offer the unit to the NZ public. We wanted to show respect towards HN and Theophany and not apply any pressure for them to stock it. To that end no one from Harvey Norman has seen or heard an SR35 and we have no intention of changing this.
+In terms of plans for 2014, we are committed to an amazing new mm/mc phono pre amplifier for the Audiant series, which promises to be an incredible development. It is really going to set a few hearts racing when it comes to market. I’d love to say more, but watch this space and yes, HN will definitely be offering this unit across selected stores throughout NZ.
+In terms of NZ made products and people identifying with it etc, yes, there is an incredible loyalty towards our brand and love for what we do down under. That said, I look around me and all I see is endless factory closures. Manufacturing has suffered badly over the past 30 years and will most likely continue to decline. Today manufacturing makes up less than 16 percent of GDP, down from 30-plus percent 25 years ago. With free trade agreements being signed with low wage countries, I can only ever see the rate of decline in manufacturing increasing. To my mind, once manufacturing is allowed to decay to a point that critical infrastructure can no longer be supported, it will trigger a final hollowing out of the top tier group of manufacturers. The only long term answer is to acknowledge the vital role manufacturing plays and to reverse the decline through encouragement and support, and in doing so reverse what has become an all too familiar sight.
+If you feel Perreaux has over its 40 years as a New Zealand based manufacturer earned a deserved reputation for quality, be assured that we have really pushed the boat out with the SR35 loudspeaker.
+Read our review of Perreaux’s Audiant SR35 loudspeakers here.
+You can also read about and buy the Audiant SR35 loudspeakers at
+Pingback: Perreaux Audiant SR35 Floorstanding Loudspeaker REVIEW
+I can’t wait to see the phono pre amp! I hope it’s something I can integrate with my DP32.
+fine looking speakers.
+how much ?
+Ethan, just above this comments section, there’s a line that says “Read our review of Perreaux’s Audiant SR35 loudspeakers here.” Click on that “here” (in bold) and it will take you to my review of the speakers, complete with pricing.
+PRIVATE EQUITY
+Extremely high risk, low probability of reward, and anything but glamorous! Avoid like the plague!
+What is "private equity"? Any investment in a business or company that is not publicly traded on a stock exchange. Since private companies are not publicly traded stocks you don't really know what a fair market price is. Another problem with private equity is that these investments are not subject to the strict SEC regulations and oversight that you get with publicly traded companies. Private equity is a great opportunity for commission-based "advisers" (securities salesmen) to earn high sales commissions and for CEO's to earn high salaries while operating an unprofitable company. A private equity investment could be a Ponzi scheme. Fee-only fiduciary advisers will never recommend private equity investments.
+Make no mistake, there is an extremely high failure rate of private businesses and often outright fraud is involved in investment operations ranging from very small to very large. If there is fraud involved then you will be left to discover it yourself and then remedy it yourself in court. Don't invest in private equity unless you are a high net worth investor, you have the time and resources to constantly monitor the business, you have the know how (very few do), and you are comfortable with losing 100% of your investment. Private equity is a top favorite way that athletes manage to lose their fortunes. Instead of investing perhaps 2% of their savings they invest 50% or more of their entire net worth in various private business ventures. Remember that the best, most promising companies are publicly traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ stock exchanges. You don't need the headache that is private equity! If you like to take big risks with your money there's plenty of small cap companies that you can "gamble" on without the headaches and excessive risk of fraud associated with private equity, although most penny stocks fail. Legendary fund manager Peter Lynch has said that he was 0 - 25 when investing in publicly traded companies with no revenue but a great "story". With private equity it only gets worse.
+TRAP: Beware that salesmen may try to trick you into believing that a private equity investment is a publicly traded investment by somehow associating it with a public company. If you can't invest in it by placing a buy order through your deep discount brokerage account then it's not a publicly traded company. Another trick is to try to ride the coat tails of a major company. Example: "We have contracts with Exxon". Whether true or not it makes no difference.
+TRAP: Don't be fooled into thinking that you are investing in a publicly traded company if you are being sold "shares" of stock in the company. Again, if it's publicly traded then you should be able to research the company by entering the ticker symbol on Yahoo Finance.
+A chance to "get in at the ground floor"!
+Promoters are good at pressing your greed buttons by claiming that you are "getting in at the ground floor" before everyone else. But "ground floor" simply means unproven long-shot. There is no revenue or track record by which you can begin to gauge the company's future.
+Riding the coattails of successful companies / industries
+Another common sales technique is to try to associate their company with successful companies. They may cite other success stories in the same industry, they may boast that a former employee of a successful company now works for their company or that they have pending contracts with a successful company. For example a stat up oil company might note that a major oil company is drilling nearby.
+Create the appearance of demand
+It's also common for promoters to tell you that others have invested or will be investing. This could all be smoke and mirrors. Even if there are investors they're probably unsophisticated ones. Smart investors know to avoid private equity.
+Good investments are not sold to the general public
+Good investments are quickly snapped up by institutional investors. The mere fact that an investment is being pushed on an average Joe like you should be an immediate red flag.
+Affinity fraud
+Don't let down your guard simply because your friends and family are investing. Your friends and family are not experts like the sharks on the TV show Shark Tank.
+Identity investing
+Some promoters will gladly ride the coattails of race, religion, gender, etc or use cause such as being environmentally friendly to lure investors. But the only thing that should matter is making money.
+Flaunting their community service and family values
+Promoters are famous for mentioning that they've helped out with charitable causes and that they have a wife and kids. But this has nothing to do with investing in their business. It's a cheap attempt at gaining your trust.
+The rest of this page is for investors who are actually still considering investing in private equity. This is just a very brief overview to give you some sense of how much of a headache private equity is.
+Beware of anyone and everyone seeking investors for a private business venture!
+Don't ever make a financial decision based a "the sale" being given to you by the person pitching the investment. They're only telling you one side of the story. You will have to do your own research. Finding adequate information about a business opportunity including gauging a fair share price may be difficult if not near impossible to fully determine.
+"I put myself, my wife and best friend on high paid salary working for a lame duck company!"
+Starting a private equity business venture is one of the easiest way to create a job for one's self. The company principal (CEO, director, officer, etc) can create healthy monthly salary payments for himself for many months while doing very little, whether the business succeeds or fails. They prioritize spending for themselves.
+Since a principle has control over how much he is paid, if the company actually does become profitable, he can further manipulate the company coffers by increasing his salary (and reducing pay to investors). A company must legally maintain sufficient capital, but if given a large lump sum of start-up money from investors, this leaves plenty of time to enjoy a healthy paid salary. If and when the start-up sum of money runs out, the principal can simply ask for more investor money and continue enjoying his paid salary.
+While a company principal is enjoying his paid salary, there are many other creative ways in which they can feed off of or even steal from the corporation. Perhaps an opportunist principal wants to help employ his unemployed wife, a relative or best friend with a nice salary. A principal can create false invoices, over pay for goods and services while accepting under the table kick backs, work out back room deals, etc.
+Always do a full background search!
+Just who are you dealing with? Con artists are very adept at networking with people (affinity fraud) and gaining people's trust with their personality and / or professionalism. They have the characteristics that people like. They may come across as mild mannered and meek or outgoing and down to earth. They might be religious, well connected, and may have lots of prior business experience with a long list of high profile clients and references. All of this means nothing! Never do business with anyone without doing a FULL background search! You might be surprised to discover that they have declared bankruptcy in the past or that they have had falling outs with past business relationships.
+You could pay for a criminal and civil case history background search, but due to the Federal Law (Fair Credit Reporting Act), consumer reporting agencies are limited to reporting events going back only 7 years. If you want to find out someone's litigation history beyond 7 years you will have to hire a private investigator. Private investigators have access to paid subscription databases and other sources that aren't available to the general public. While there is actually no single database that keeps an archive of all court records, a private investigator should be very helpful. To do a more complete search it may come down to doing in-person case file research at local courthouses near where the person of investigation lives or once lived.
+TRAP: Beware of name changes, as well as DBA and corporation names. When someone has a dark past (of lawsuits, bankruptcy, criminal past, etc) they often use alternate names, go by nicknames or middle names or change their name (legally or illegally), or they simply did business under a business name, either incorporated or as a DBA.
+TIP: Ask for references, then try to locate all of the other people who they did not reference.
+A bullet proof contact with "teeth" is a must!
+When putting up money for a private equity business venture it is an absolute must that you hire an attorney to draft up a bullet proof contract that will protect you in every way regardless of who you are dealing with. Lawyers use the term "with teeth" to describe a contract that has stiff remedies for dead beats who may fail to adhere to the terms of the contract. Cut no corners on this. It doesn't matter who you are contracting with because con-artists are the people you least expect including a friend, someone "well connected", "well-established", "experienced", a "great guy", etc.
+Lawyers are a necessary evil. A good business lawyer should be aware of the biggest things that could go wrong and protect you contractually. Contractually you must have clear and concise remedies that protect you from any breaches that may occur at every step of the way with no wiggle room for legal grey areas or loopholes. Yes it will probably cost you thousands of dollars to draft up a contract, but this is unavoidable and all part of the misery that is private equity. If you don't want to hire a specialized attorney to draft a contract then don't invest in private equity. Period!
+HUGE MISTAKE: Never ever try to save money by accepting the entrepreneur's own contract. Hire an attorney! They will almost certainly reject their contract.
+TRAP: Don't expect an attorney to give you personalized investment advice or talk you out of proceeding with entering into an investment agreement whether he thinks the investment is a long shot, terrible investment or otherwise. Attorneys don't make money when clients decide not to hire them to write up contracts.
+You could specifically hire someone such as a financial adviser to evaluate the business venture but chances are they will tell you the same types of things described in this article -- private equity is extremely high risk and has a very low probability of reward.
+Even a bullet proof contract with "teeth" cannot protect you from everything
+Sometimes con-artists flat out steal your money and then disappear, die, or go to jail. How many times have we heard stories of fraudsters getting caught but they had already spent the money that they stole and so the investors were left with next to nothing?
+Sometimes incompetent lawyers don't cover all of the bases when drafting contracts. And even when suspected, not all incidents of fraud can be proven as fraud or identified.
+Sometimes incompetent management makes honest mistakes that lead to lawsuits against the company which then kills your investment.
+If the business is dependent on third parties such as contractors and distributors, their mistakes or acts of fraud could derail the business venture. For example if the business manufactures a product that is shipped to a distributor and then that distributor goes bankrupt without paying for the product, you might never recoup your investment.
+If the business produces a product, a consumer lawsuit could wipe out the business.
+"We're over budget! We need more money now or the business comes to a grinding halt!"
+It is very common that lame duck business ventures go over budget and when they do the whole operation may be left perilously in limbo until someone (like you) puts up more money to save the business. If and when this happens there may be nobody interested in forking over more money. All of a sudden you may be faced with forking over more money than you previously anticipated. This is just one of the many risks you take by investing in private equity. Going over budget may be due to unforeseeable events during the normal course of business, due to very poor management decisions or outright fraud, or due to the fact that you just plain invested in a lame duck company.
+"I'm so excited about this business venture that I'm going to be investing in it too!"
+A commonly used technique of deception used by salesmen to try to sway you into investing is to verbally tell you that they are going to be investing some of their own money in the business. They are so confident that they are putting their money where their mouth is! It must be good, right? Wrong! All too often they either never do, or they only invest a tiny, trivial amount, or after the fact they will claim that they paid for various goods and services in cash and then declare that as their "investment".
+As always, verbal promises mean nothing. A bullet proof contract with "teeth" that is drafted by your attorney is the only way to legally hold them accountable for representations made. Otherwise contracts will typically have a clause that reads something to the effect of "This Agreement supersedes and replaces all prior agreements and understandings (whether written or oral)". Even without this clause, trying to remedy any verbal representation in court is an expensive and difficult if not lost cause. A properly written bullet proof contract will hold the salesman's failure to put up money as an act of fraud. Actually the money should be placed into a separate escrow account in advance of you signing anything, and there should be no right for them to back out afterwards. In this manner, if they were to take money out of the account this would be a clear act of fraud / theft.
+Control the money and account for everything!
+Since private equity is so synonymous with fraud, you need to be in control of your money at all times by writing checks for daily expenses yourself or by hiring your own independent accountant to write checks. Just giving money to an entrepreneur to be left in charge of handling your money and creating his own accounting leaves the door wide open for fraud to occur. They cannot be allowed to have a hand at creating their own benefit. With private equity you must keep tabs on where the money is going at all times. If you don't have time, then hire an independent auditor or accountant to follow the money trail. If you insist on taking a huge risk by leaving an entrepreneur in charge of money then only pay them in installments as requirements are met including full itemized accounting. But again this leaves the door open for fraud to occur.
+TRAP: Beware of fraudulent "back room" deals. For example a con-artist might conspire with someone to make a "back room deal" to over pay for goods or services in exchange for under-the-table payments.
+TRAP: "Office expenses: $1,674.27" is not an itemized accounting. Con artists love to provide broad accounting statements that are not itemized.
+CRITICAL: Is the entrepreneur allowed to earn a salary or not? If so, in the contractual agreement you must declare in great detail what work they will be doing, how many hours per week, etc. And they should be paid on a weekly basis so that you can fire them at any time.
+VERBAL REPRESENTATIONS AND AGREEMENTS DON'T EXIST
+Note in the contract any representations made by the the producer such as promises to provide various things such as labor, use of property or equipment for free, otherwise they can pull a bait and switch on you after the ink dries.
+Also any bright and rosy performance projections should be regarded as nothing more than "sales talk" to get you interested. Accordingly, if possible leave yourself with an exit clause if revenue / performance achievements are not met. There's nothing worse than investing in something and then quickly finding out that it's a bust, but you can't get out of the contract.
+DISTRIBUTION OF PROFITS
+The investor should be priority one. You will need to speak to an expert to determine what is a reasonable share of profits for you to earn. For example with film investing the standard model for a pure investor who has no involvement in day to day operations is for the investor to earn 100% of "first monies" and then 50% to 70% of "2nd monies". 1st monies are all net profits earned up until the total investment amount is paid off. 2nd monies are all net profits earned thereafter.
+Just as important as your profit sharing model is that of the managers who are seeking investors. How are they being paid for their labor? What labor are they contributing? How are they sharing in profits for their own cash investments if any?.
+W streamline the permitting process for guides and recreation enthusiasts, hold federal agencies accountable for making outdoor recreation a priority for the first time and increase volunteerism to address the maintenance backlog on America’s public lands. The RNR Act also includes the Simplifying Outdoor Access for Recreation (SOAR) Act, introduced by Sens. Martin Heinrich, D-N.M, and Shelley Moore Capito, R-W.Va., which would improve outdoor recreation permitting processes.
+“Appreciation of the outdoors is in Oregon’s DNA. Right now, there’s too much bureaucratic red tape getting in the way of nature enthusiasts and the small businesses that help them take advantage of the endless recreation experiences our public lands offer,” Wyden said. “This bill is about breaking cumbersome and unnecessary barriers to outdoor recreation in the spirit of local job creation and access to our treasured public lands.”
+“Regardless of party, we can agree that outdoor recreation is important to the health and wellness of all Americans. In my home state of Utah and in many other places, the recreation industry is inextricably linked to the lives and livelihoods of the region,” Bishop said. “This bipartisan bill will encourage the federal and state governments to collaborate on ways to enhance and increase access to public lands. Americans should be able enjoy the outdoors without the burden of bureaucracy standing in their way.”
+“Our nation's public lands and National Parks are some of our greatest treasures, providing Iowans with the opportunity to hunt, fish, hike, or simply observe wildlife. But as we see all too often, bureaucratic red-tape and burdensome processes can get in the way,” Ernst said. “This bipartisan bill will help streamline the permitting process for our small businesses and address the maintenance backlogs to ensure outdoor recreational opportunities for folks across the country.”
+“Hunters and fishers are the stewards of our land and responsible for much of the conservation efforts,” Dingell said. “This bipartisan bill supports sportsman and reduces barriers to access the outdoors, while maintaining strong support for conservation. We must work together to protect the environment, endangered species, and our traditions.”
+Wyden and Bishop introduced the RNR Act in 2017 after gathering input from outdoor enthusiasts from across the country about how to improve overly complicated and outdated agency processes that make it more difficult for local recreation businesses to thrive. Wyden also introduced a previous version of the RNR Act in 2016—several pieces of which have since become law, including a piece of the bill that called for a study to discover the real-world economic impacts of outdoor recreation.
+The bill text is available here.
+A one-page summary of the bill is available here.
+What They are Saying about the Recreation Not Red Tape Act
+The Wilderness Society National Director of Recreation Policy Paul Sanford: “The Recreation Not Red-Tape Act will make it easier for Americans to access public lands and will make outdoor recreation a management priority. The Wilderness Society thanks Senator Wyden for introducing this important legislation.”
+Outdoor Recreation Roundtable Executive Director Jessica Wahl: “Outdoor recreation is a major force in the nation’s economy, contributing $734 billion in output and supporting 4.5 million jobs..”
+Outdoor Alliance Policy Director Louis Geltman: “The Recreation Not Red-Tape Act makes invaluable contributions toward creating and protecting quality outdoor recreation experiences for everyone. From ensuring that priority landscapes for outdoor recreation are protected, to reducing hurdles for permitting and making land managers accountable for recreation objectives, RNR will help to ensure recreation and conservation are prioritized by federal land managers. The outdoor recreation community greatly appreciates the efforts of Sen. Wyden and Rep. Bishop to lead this bipartisan charge.”
+Outdoor Industry Association Vice President of Government Affairs Patricia Rojas-Ungar: “Americans are busy and the barriers to getting outside to relax, recharge and recreate seem to pile up on a daily basis – and when we fail to get outdoors our mental and physical health suffers. OIA is proud to support Senator Wyden (D-OR) and Senator Ernst’s (R-IA) Recreation Not Red Tape Act which encourages outdoor participation by streamlining government processes and funding — including online permitting and recreation pass applications, prioritizing outdoor programs for our veterans and enhancing the use of volunteers for maintenance and stewardship. The bill would also allow Congress to help identify and protect important areas through a system of National Recreation Areas managed specifically for their recreation, health and economic benefits. This smart legislation will not only help get more people outdoors but it will bolster the $887 billion outdoor recreation economy and help create good American jobs.”
+Oregon State University Executive Director Lee Davis: “It’s exciting to see this bipartisan Bill being reintroduced and moving forward. This bill will make simple, modern, and online access to permits and passes a reality, and will help our agencies find ways to prioritize outdoor recreation at both the local and national level. We know without a doubt that growing the outdoor recreation economy means increasing the number of shared experiences in the outdoors for all people, it’s about access and inclusivity. And we know that when people spend time outside learning and growing with others that it improves their mental & physical health, their interest in lifelong learning, and it helps us build a bond of care with our nation’s public lands and waters. Altogether, this bill brings together decades of thinking and work around how we can improve access and get the next generation outside, to spur economic growth in this new and exciting industry, and to help to revitalize our rural economies.”
+America Outdoors Executive Director Julie Kahlfeldt: “America Outdoors appreciates the inclusion of SOAR in Recreation Not Red Tape and the bipartisan support that Senator Wyden and Representative Bishop have given to improving recreation access and the efficiency of recreation permitting programs on public lands. America Outdoors is proud to be a principal in the broad coalition of recreation groups supporting this much-needed legislation.”
+The Conservation Alliance Executive Director John Sterling: “With the Recreation Not Red Tape Act, Senator Wyden and Congressman Bishop further prove our public lands unite American’s from both sides of the political aisle. This bipartisan legislation elevates the importance of public lands at a critical time by both ensuring priority landscapes are protected for their outdoor recreation values, and reducing hurdles for American’s to access them. The more people that have opportunities to responsibly enjoy our public lands, the more people are inspired to preserve and protect them. We view the Recreation Not Red Tape Act as an important conservation tool.”
+Travel Oregon CEO Todd Davidson: “We applaud Senator Wyden's vision to ease access to the outdoors and to help enhance economies throughout the country. Outdoor recreation is not only good for our health, it's also a vital part of a healthy tourism economy. Senator Wyden recognizes the important role outdoor recreation plays in the nation’s economy and job creation in largely rural areas. Nationally, travel and tourism generates $2.5 trillion in economic output and supports 15.7 million jobs, with $12.3 billion and more than 115,000 jobs in Oregon alone.”
+American Whitewater Pacific Northwest Stewardship Director Thomas O’Keefe: “The Recreation Not Red Tape Act will provide significant benefits to those who love to get out and enjoy America’s public lands and waters. Agencies like the Forest Service will conduct more comprehensive inventories of recreation during planning efforts. Those managers who take steps to improve the quality and sustainability of recreational opportunities on public lands and waters will be recognized and encouraged for their efforts.”
+Mazamas Acting Executive Director Sarah Bradham: “The Mazamas has a 125-year history of outdoor recreation and conservation of our treasured landscapes. We are thrilled that Recreation Not Red Tape will make it easier to access our public lands by improving the permitting process, and will create more opportunities to enjoy the outdoors by directing agencies to emphasize recreation. We appreciate that Senator Wyden recognizes the growing interest in outdoor activities, and the resultant need to facilitate and expand access on our public lands, particularly in places like Oregon where 53% of the land is in Federal ownership.”
+RV Industry Association Vice President of Government Affairs Jay Landers: “Twenty-five million Americans go RVing each year and many of their adventures lead them to our public lands and waters. The Recreation Not Red-Tape Act will improve the experiences of these RVers by making recreation a priority on federal lands, improving recreational access and removing unnecessary barriers so all Americans can enjoy outdoor recreation experiences. Of particular importance to RVers, this bill tasks federal land agencies to develop management plans for extending the recreation season or increasing recreation use in a sustainable manner during the offseason. This provision will help address federal campground overcrowding threatening the growth of the $114 billion RV industry, which drives economic growth in the surrounding local communities and economies."
+Motorcycle Industry Council (MIC) President Tim Buche: “The Recreation Not Red Tape Act will ensure that land managers prioritize recreational access so motorcyclists can continue to enjoy our federal lands. According to recent government studies, outdoor recreation accounts for more than two percent of GDP and supports jobs in every state across the country. This legislation will ensure that our members’ recreational access is a priority.”
+Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association (ROHVA) President Erik Pritchard: “We know how important outdoor recreation is to our economy and we also know how important access to public lands is to millions of Americans. If enacted, the Recreation Not Red Tape Act would remove barriers for volunteer participation and make it easier for managers to provide all sorts of recreational opportunities while benefiting off-highway enthusiasts and our nation’s economy.”
+Specialty Vehicle Institute of America (SVIA) Senior Vice President of Government Affairs Scott Schloegel: “The Recreation Not Red Tape Act is critical for our outdoor enthusiasts in the powersports industry and it will ensure that ATV riders will continue to have access to federal lands for responsible riding activities. We welcome the bill’s introduction and look forward to working on its passage.”
+International Mountain Biking Association Executive Director Dave Wiens: “Forward-thinking policy like the RNR Act has the ability to protect our public lands and mountain biking opportunities. This bill recognizes the transformative value of flexible land protection designations like National Recreation Areas, the benefits of including ‘recreation’ in the missions of more land management agencies, and how expanding seasonal recreation can strengthen local economies. These initiatives will lead to more protection for our cherished public lands as well as opportunities for great trails, from close-to-home rides to iconic, backcountry experiences.”
+National Marine Manufacturers Association Senior Vice President of Government and Legal Affairs Nicole Vasilaros: “Led by boating and fishing, outdoor recreation is one of the fastest growing segments of the U.S. economy, and the Recreation Not Red-Tape Act will ensure this significant economic force continues to thrive..”
+Specialty Equipment Market Association Managing Director of Government & Legal Affairs Daniel Ingber: “The Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) welcomes the reintroduction of the Recreation Not Red-Tape Act. This legislation will give lawmakers and land management agencies valuable tools to reduce unnecessary regulatory burdens. Access to outdoor recreation will be enhanced, which will in turn produce significant economic benefits.”
+American Sportfishing Association Vice President of Government Affairs Mike Leonard: “Working to expand access to fishing opportunities on public lands is a top priority of the American Sportfishing Association, which is why we support the Recreation Not Red-Tape Act..”
+PeopleForBikes Vice President – Business Network Jenn Dice: “We want people to know how easy and enjoyable it is to explore our public lands by bike, and the RNR Act accomplishes that by unifying the management and promotion of national recreation areas. When access for biking and outdoor recreation improves, everyone wins.”
+Association of Northwest Steelheaders Executive Director Bob Rees: “Senator Wyden’s Recreation Not Red-Tape Act recognizes the need to modernize the Federal permitting process that stifles public access to our lands. Prioritizing recreation on public lands promotes sustainable use of our country’s greatest assets, and protects these lands for future generations of hunters and anglers.”
+Northwest Rafting Company Owner Zachary Collier: “Senator Wyden listened to challenges outfitters and guides face on public lands in Oregon and drafted this important legislation that prioritizes recreation. There are many things in this act that help us grow Oregon’s booming recreation economy. The RNR Act creates a system of National Recreation Areas that conserving lands important for recreation. This new tool will help protect lands currently used for recreation and help create new recreation opportunities for both Oregonians and visitors to Oregon.”
+Access Fund Policy Director Erik Murdock: “The Recreation-Not-Red-Tape Act improves access to our public lands and strengthens partnerships that help get Americans outside. This bipartisan bill is an important step toward making sure that outdoor recreation is always considered a primary use of our public lands.”
+KEEN Footwear General Manager for Outdoor, Lifestyle, and Kids Erik Burbank: “KEEN is based in Portland, Oregon and is proud to be a part of the strong outdoor industry in our state, and we are fortunate to have Senator Wyden as a champion for our industry. The Recreation Not Red Tape Act highlights the importance of outdoor recreation not just for our business but, more importantly, for the health of our communities. KEEN employees and fans spend countless hours outdoors biking, fishing, hiking, and paddling, and the Recreation Not Red Tape Act will give them even more opportunities to live their lives in a monumental way.”
+###
+Next Article Previous Article
+ENHANCEMENT
+MEDITATION
+LEVEL2
+STUDENTS
+EXPERIENCES
+MORE
+STUDENTS
+EXPERIENCES
+-
+FIFTY
+FULL
+TESTIMONIALS
+2003 COURSE
+Energy Enhancement Enlightened Texts Yoga Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
+Book 3, Sutra 11
+11. SAMADHI PARINAM, THE INNER TRANSFORMATION, IS THE GRADUAL SETTLING OF DISTRACTIONS AND THE SIMULTANEOUS RISING OF ONE-POINTEDNESS.
+Book 3, Sutra 12
+12. EKAGRATA PARINAM, ONE-POINTED TRANSFORMATION, IS THE CONDITION OF THE MIND IN WHICH THE OBJECT OF THE MIND THAT IS SUBSIDING IS REPLACED IN THE NEXT MOMENT BY AN EXACTLY SIMILAR OBJECT.
+Book 3, Sutra 13
+13. BY WHAT HAS BEEN SAID IN THE LAST FOUR SUTRAS, THE PROPERTY, CHARACTER, AND CONDITION TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ELEMENTS AND SENSE ORGANS ARE ALSO EXPLAINED.
+Book 3, Sutra 14 mind is only on the surface, the waves, and the meditation is the depth of the ocean.
+Every moment God is seeking you as much as you are seeking him. You may not be seeking him consciously. You may be seeking him under different names. You may be seeking him as bliss. You may be seeking him as happiness, joy. You may be seeking him as forgetfulness, absorption. You may be seeking him as music, as love. You may be seeking him in different ways, under different names. Those names do not matter you are seeking him -- knowingly, unknowingly. And one thing you have to understand he is also seeking you. Because unless the search is from both the sides, the meeting is not possible.
+The whole is seeking the part as much as the part is seeking the whole. The flower is seeking the sun as much as the sun is seeking the flower. The lizard is not only sunning, the sun is also lizarding. It is a connected whole. It has to be so, otherwise things will fall apart. It is one piece, it is one harmony, it is one dance. All gestures, all movements, are connected together. They have to be; otherwise they will fall apart and the existence will no longer be existence -- it will disappear.
+Let me tell you through a parable. Consider the following parable
+Man, let us say, is climbing a mountain -- because in the valley he has lived and in the valley he has dreamed and in the valley he has thought and imagined, but there has been only frustration. In the valley he has remained empty, unfulfilled, so he thinks that at the top of the mountain is God. Valley he has lived. The top remains far away; shining in the sun it remains an attraction. The far away always calls you, invites you. To look at the close is very difficult; not to look at the far away is also very difficult. To be interested in that which is close is very difficult; to be not interested in that which is very far is also very difficult. The far away has a tremendous attraction, and the top of the mountain goes on calling you.
+And, when you start feeling empty in the valley, of course, it is logical to think that the one you are seeking does not live in the valley. He must be living at the top. It is natural for the mind to move from one extreme to the other, from the valley to the peak.
+At the top of the mountain man thinks is God, down in the valley are the cares and concerns of human life, all the troubles of love and war. In the valley you go on gathering anxiety, in the valley you go on gathering dust, in the valley, by and by, you become dull and dead. The valley looks like a graveyard. One wants to get out of it. One starts thinking of freedom, moksha, of how to get out of the imprisonment the valley has become -- how to get out of attachment, love; how to get out of ambition, violence, war; how to get out of the society, the very society which gives you the opportunity to be worried, in fact forces you towards anxiety and anguish.
+One starts thinking, but this is an escape. In fact you are not going to the peak; you are going away from the valley. It is not that the peak has called you. In fact it is the valley which is pushing you. You are still pushed by the valley; and pushed by the valley you can never be free. It is not that you are going on your own. You are being expelled. The valley is creating a situation in which you cannot live there anymore. Life becomes too much. A moment comes to everybody's life when it becomes too much, the world is too much, and one starts escaping.
+Man starts escaping towards the peak. And now comes the most important part of the parable: God, on the other hand, is coming down the mountain. Because, let us say, he is fed up with his purity and aloneness.
+Man is fed up with the crowd, with the impurity; God is fed up with his aloneness and purity.
+Have you ever watched? You can be happy alone very easily. To be happy with somebody else becomes very difficult. One person can be happy very easily, very cheaply there is no cost to it. Two persons together, it becomes very difficult to be happy. It is easy to be unhappy now -- without any cost, very cheaply. And if three persons are together, it is impossible to be happy -- at no cost is happiness possible.
+Man is fed up with the crowd, nowhere to move, nowhere where you can find a space of your own, always onlookers and onlookers -- you are always on the stage, always performing -- and the eyes of the crowd watching you. No privacy. By and by, one gets fed up, bored.
+But God is also bored. He is alone, pure, but purity itself becomes boring when it remains and remains and remains.
+God is coming down towards the valley; his desire is to plunge into the world. Man's desire is to jump out of the world, and Cod's desire is to plunge into the world. Man's desire is to be God, and God's desire is to be man.
+There is a truth of withdrawal and there is a truth of return. Man is always withdrawing and God is always returning. Otherwise the creation would have stopped long ago, if God was not returning continuously. It must be a circle. The Ganges goes on falling into the ocean, and the ocean goes on rising into the clouds and goes on falling on the Himalayas -- back to the Ganges, and the Ganges goes on flowing. The Ganges is always withdrawing, and the ocean is always returning. Man always seeking God. God always seeking man this is the whole complete circle. If only man was going towards God and God was not coming, the world would have stopped long ago. It would have stopped anytime because one day all men will return and God will not be coming back the world will disappear.
+But the peak cannot exist without the valley; and God cannot exist without the world: and the day cannot exist without the night; and life is impossible to conceive of without death.
+It is very difficult to understand this, that God is a constant returning, man a constant withdrawal -- man a constant renunciation, sannyas, and God a constant coming back to the world, a celebration.
+There is a truth of withdrawal and there is a truth of return. Separately they are both half and partial: together they become the truth, the whole truth.
+Religion is a withdrawal, but then it is half. Religion should also be a return, then it is whole. Religion should teach you how to go into yourself and religion should also teach you how to come back again because somewhere in between the valley and The peak God and man meet. If you bypass God.... And there is every possibility because if you are going up the hill and he is coming down the hill you won't even look at him. There may even be a condemnation in your eyes. How can this be God who is going back to the valley? You may even look at him with the eyes of "holier than you."
+Remember this Whenever God will meet you, you will see him coming back to the world; and you are leaving the world. That's why your so-called mahatmas, your so-called saints, never come to understand what God is. They go on talking about a dead concept of God, but they never know what God is because they will always miss somewhere on the path you will meet him, but your sense won't even look at him. He will look like a sinner; he is going back to the world.
+But if they reach to the top they will find it empty. The world is too full; the top is too empty. They will not even find God there, because he is always returning. He is always coming, he is always creating. He is never finished. The creation is an endless process. God is not an entity. He is a process, the process of returning.
+If you can meet him on the way and you can recognize him, only then is there a possibility. Then you will drop the idea of going to the peak... you will start returning. All great ones who have understood, first have gone into withdrawal, and then they have returned to the world, back in the marketplace with all their meditation in a tremendous flowering. But they have come back to the world. They have understood the point. They have understood the point of wholeness, of holiness. They have understood the point that the outer and the inner are not two and the creation and the creator are not two and matter and mind are not two -- that the sacred and the profane are not two. They are one. All duality has disappeared for them. This is what I call advait, nonduality -- the real message of Vedanta, the real message of yoga.
+It is very natural to get fed up with the world. It is very natural to seek freedom, nothing special in it.
+It happened:.
+Mulla Nasrudin was celebrating his twenty-fifth wedding anniversary, and he gave a big party for all his friends. He invited me, too. But the host was nowhere to be seen. Finally, I found him in the library drinking brandy and staring into the fire.
+"Mulla," I said. "you should be celebrating with your guests. Why are you sad and what are you doing here!"
+"Why am I so sad?" he explained. "When I had been married for five years, I had decided to kill my wife. I went to my lawyer and told him what I was going to do. He said if I did it I would get twenty years in prison. Just think," said Mulla to me. "tonight I would have been a free man."
+It is very natural. The world is too troublesome. It creates so much anxiety: it creates so many imprisonments. To seek freedom, to inquire about it, is natural -- nothing special in it. It becomes special when you have understood, when you come from the peak back to the valley with a new dance in your step, with a new song on your lips, with a totally new being -- when you come absolutely pure into the world of impurity, unafraid because now you are incorruptible.
+When you come back to the prison on your own accord, voluntarily, when you come to the prison as a free man and you accept the prison, back to your cell; now it is a prison no more because a freedom cannot be imprisoned. Only a slave can be imprisoned. A free man cannot be imprisoned -- he can live in the prison, and free. And unless your freedom is that powerful, it is not worth.
+Now the sutras.
+Samadhi is a word very difficult to translate into English; there exists no parallel. But in Greek there is a word which is parallel; that word is ataraxia. The Greek word means quiet, calm, of deep inner contentment. That is the meaning of samadhi so contented, so deeply contented, that nothing disturbs now, nothing distracts now. So deeply in tune with existence, in a sort of atonement -- at-one-ment -- that now there is no problem. There is no other who can disturb; the other has disappeared. The other disappears with your thoughts. The thoughts is the other. In the gaps is the samadhi, ataraxia. In the gaps is calm and quiet.
+Not that when you have attained to it you will not be able to think, no. Not that your capacity to think will disappear. In fact, just on the contrary, when you live in the gap you become capable of thinking for the first time. Before it you were just victims, victims of a social atmosphere, victims of a thousand and one thoughts surrounding you -- not a single thought of your own. They were thoughts; you were not capable of thinking. Those thoughts had settled on you as birds settle on a tree by the evening. They had entered in you. They were not original; they were all borrowed.
+You had been living a life which is a borrowed life. That's why you were sad. That's why there was no life in you. That's why you looked dead, there was no vibration. That's why there was no joy, no delight. Everything was blocked by borrowed thoughts. Your whole stream was blocked. You could not flow because of borrowed thoughts. When you become a part of samadhi, ataraxia, a deep inner calm of the gaps, intervals; you become for the first time capable of seeing, of thinking -- but now these thoughts will be your own. Now you will be able to create an original thought. You will be able to live an original life, fresh, fresh as the morning, fresh as the morning breeze. You will become creative.
+In samadhi you become a creator because in samadhi you become part of God.
+There is a saying of Pascal's that most of man's troubles come from his not being able to sit quietly in his chamber. Yes, that is true. If you can sit quietly in your inner chamber, almost all the troubles will disappear. You create them by running hither and thither. You create them by unnecessarily getting attached to your thoughts -- which are not yours. You create them because you cannot sit at rest.
+SAMADHI PARINAM, THE INNER TRANSFORMATION, IS THE GRADUAL SETTLING OF DISTRACTIONS AND THE SIMULTANEOUS RISING OF ONE-POINTEDNESS.
+First Patanjali talked about nirodh parinam, to look into the gap between two thoughts. If you go on looking, slowly thoughts settle, distractions settle -- slowly, as if somebody has passed, bullock carts have passed from a mountain stream, and because of the passing wheels and the people much dust has risen up towards the surface. The whole stream which was just a few seconds before so crystal clear is now absolutely dirty, muddled. But then the bullock carts have gone and the people have gone and the stream goes on flowing: by and by as time passes, again the dust settles back to the bed, again the stream becomes crystal clear.
+When you look into the gaps, the bullock carts, the crowd of your thoughts which has disturbed your being so completely, by and by goes away, far away, and your inner stream of consciousness starts settling. This is what Patanjali calls samadhi parinam, the inner transformation "... is the gradual settling of distractions and the simultaneous rising of onepointedness." It has two parts to it. On the one hand, distractions settle, and on the other hand, one-pointedness arises.
+When you are full of thoughts too much, you are not one man. You are not one consciousness; you are almost a crowd, a multitude. When there are thoughts and your gestalt is to look at thoughts, you are divided; you are divided in as many parts as there are thoughts to your mind. Each thought becomes a division of your being. You become polypsychic; you are not unipsychic. You are not one, you become many, because each thought carries a part of you and divides you -- and those thoughts are running in all directions. You are almost mad.
+I have heard:
+An old Scottish guide returned from taking the new minister on a grouse-shooting trip over the moors and sank wearily into his chair before the fire.
+"Here is a cup of hot tea for you. Angus." said his wife. "And is the new minister a good shot?"
+The old fellow puffed his pipe a bit, then he replied, "Ah, a fine shot he is, but it is marvelous, indeed, how the Lord protects the birds when he is shooting."
+You have been missing your target because you are not one-pointed. You have been missing all that you wanted because you are not one-pointed. The whole misery of man is that he is running in many directions simultaneously -- absolutely undecided, indecisive, not knowing where he is going, not knowing what he is doing.
+I have heard that two politicians met at a psychoanalyst's door. One was coming out, and the other, who was getting in, asked, "Are you coming in, or are you going out?" The one who was coming out said. "Well, if I did know whether I am coming out or coming in I would not have been here."
+Nobody knows whether one is coming out or coming in. Where are you going? For what are you seeking?
+You go on missing because your target goes on changing. It is a flux. There are a thousand and one targets around you, and you are a thousand and one, a crowd -- a crowd shooting at a crowd of targets. The whole life proves to be empty.
+"Samadhi parinam, the inner transformation, is the gradual settling of distractions and the simultaneous rising of onepointedness." As thoughts disappear -- thoughts are distractions -- one-pointedness arises. You become one. The stream of consciousness flows in a direction, it becomes directed. It has a direction now. It can reach; it can become a fulfillment.
+EKAGRATA PARINAM, ONE-POINTED TRANSFORMATION,
+IS THE CONDITION OF THE MIND IN WHICH THE OBJECT
+OF THE MIND THAT IS SUBSIDING IS REPLACED
+IN THE NEXT MOMENT BY AN EXACTLY SIMILAR OBJECT.
+Ordinarily, one thought goes, another comes of a totally different character. Sadness goes/happiness comes. Happiness goes/frustration comes. Frustration goes/anger comes. Anger goes/sadness comes. The climate around you goes on changing, and with the climate you. Every moment you have a different color to your being. Hence, no wonder that you don't know who you are -- because in the morning you were angry, by the lunchtime you were happy, in the afternoon you were sad, by the evening you were frustrated. You don't know who you are. You change so much because each color that passes you becomes your identity for a few moments.
+Ekagrata parinam is a state of your consciousness where this change stops. You become one-pointed. And not only that, if you want to retain one state of affairs you become capable of retaining it. If you want to remain happy, happiness is replaced by happiness, again by happiness, again by happiness. If you want to remain happy you remain happy. If you want to remain sad it is up to you. But then you are the master. Otherwise, everything goes on changing.
+I go on observing you. It seems almost unbelievable how you manage. One day a couple comes to me and they say. "We are in deep love. Bless us." And the next day they are back and they say. "We have been fighting, and we have separated." Which is true? The love, or the fight? Nothing seems to be true with you. Everything seems to be just a flux. Nothing seems to stay. Nothing seems to be a part of your being. Everything seems to be just a part of your thinking process -- with one thought, one color; with another thought, another color.
+It happened:
+A nearsighted girl too vain to wear glasses was determined to get married. She finally found herself a husband and went off to honeymoon at Niagara Falls with him. When she returned, her mother gave a shriek, ran to the telephone and called an oculist.
+"Doctor," she gasped, "you have got to come over here right away. It is an emergency. My daughter has always refused to wear glasses, and now she is back from her honeymoon, and -- ."
+"Madam," interrupted the doctor, "please control yourself. Have your daughter come to my office. No matter how bad her eyes are, it can't possibly be that much of an emergency.
+"Oh no?" said the mother. "Well, this fellow she has got with her is not the same one she left for Niagara Falls
+But this is the situation of everybody. The man you love in the morning you hate in the evening. The man you hate in the morning you fall in love with by the evening. The man or the woman who looked beautiful just the other day, today has become ugly.
+And it is an emergency case.
+And this way you go on, like a driftwood, just at the mercy of the winds. The wind changes its course, and your course is changed. You don't have any soul yet.
+Gurdjieff used to say to his disciples. "First be, because right now you are not. Let this be your only Goal in life -- to be." Somebody will ask him, "How can we love?" He will say, "Don't ask nonsense. First be, because unless you are, how can you love?"
+Unless you are, how can you be happy? Unless you are, how can you do something? The being is needed in the first place, then everything becomes possible.
+Jesus says, "Seek first ye the kingdom of God, and then all shall be added unto you.' I would like to change it a little Seek first ye the being, the kingdom of being, and then all shall be added unto you. And that is the meaning of Jesus. The kingdom of God is an old term for the kingdom of being. First be, then everything is possible, but right now when I look into you, you are not there. Many guests are there, but the host is missing.
+Ekagrata parinam, one-pointedness in consciousness, is a basic necessity so that your being can arise. In a flux the being will not be possible. At the most, you can go on becoming this and that and that, but you will never be a being.
+BY WHAT HAS BEEN SAID IN THE LAST FOUR SUTRAS,
+THE PROPERTY, CHARACTER, AND CONDITION
+TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE ELEMENTS AND
+SENSE ORGANS ARE ALSO EXPLAINED.
+And Patanjali says this is the situation: the world is changing around you, the body is changing, the senses are changing, the mind is changing -- everything is changing -- and if you are also changing, then there is no possibility of finding the eternal, the unchanging one. These are changing, that is true. The world is changing continuously. It is a process: it has no being. It is a flux. Let it be so. There is only one thing permanent in the world, and that is change. Everything else changes -- except change. Only change remains as a permanent character.
+The body is changing, continuously, every moment. Every single moment it is flowing and changing; otherwise how will you become old, how will you become a youth, how will a child become a youth? Can you say on what day the child becomes a youth? Can you say on what date the young man becomes old? Difficult. In fact, if you ask physiologists they are not yet clear at exactly what moment one says that the man was alive and now he is dead. It is impossible to decide. The definition is still unclear because life is a process. In fact when you have died, almost, and your friends have abandoned you, a few processes still continue in the body -- nails go on growing, hairs go on growing. A part of you still seems to be alive and functioning.
+When exactly a man dies, it is still undefined. In fact, life and death cannot be defined; it is a flux phenomenon. Body goes on changing, mind goes on changing -- every moment the mind is changing.
+If you are looking into this changing world in these distractions of your being, and searching for truth, God, bliss, then you will be frustrated. Move within. Go into the gaps where neither the world exists nor the body nor the mind. There, for the first time, you come face to face with eternity, which has no beginning and no end, which has no change in it.
+WHETHER THEY BE LATENT, ACTIVE, OR UNMANIFEST,
+ALL PROPERTIES INHERE IN THE SUBSTRATUM.
+Patanjali says whether a flower has died or whether a flower is in bloom makes no difference. When a flower is in bloom he is dying, and when a flower has died he is again trying to come back up. Creation goes on through a process of uncreation and creation, uncreation and creation. This is what Patanjali calls prakriti. prakriti, again, is a word which cannot be translated. It is not creation only: it is the very process of creation and uncreation.
+Everything becomes manifest, disappears, becomes unmanifest: but it remains in the substratum, the prakriti. Again it will come back. Summer comes and then goes: again the summer is back, coming. Winter is there, going: again it will come. It goes on moving. Flowers appear, disappear. Clouds come, disappear. The world goes on moving in a cycle.
+Things have two states: manifest and unmanifest. You are beyond them. You are neither manifest nor unmanifest. You are the witness. Through nirodh parinam, through the gap between two thoughts, you will have the first glimpse of it. Then go on gathering those gaps, go on piling up those gaps. And always remember, whenever two gaps are there they become one. Two gaps cannot be two. They are not like two things; they are two emptinesses. They cannot be two. You bring two zeros near they become one. They jump into each other because two zeros cannot be two zeros. Zero is always one. You bring a thousand and one zeros home -- they will jump into each other and become one.
+So go on piling up those gaps, zeros of being, and by and by what Patanjali first calls nirodh becomes samadhi. In samadhi distractions disappear, go distant and distant and distant... and then disappear; and one-pointedness arises in your being. That is the first glimpse of who you are beyond prakriti, beyond this game of creation and uncreation, beyond this game of waves and no waves, flowers and no flowers, of change, movement, momentariness. You become a witness.
+That witness is your being.
+And to attain that is the whole goal of yoga.
+Yoga means: UNIO MYSTICA. It means the union, the mystic union with oneself. And if you are one with yourself, suddenly you realize you have become one with the whole, with God, because when you move into your being, it is an emptiness again, a silence, a tremendous nonending silence... and God is also silence. Two silences cannot be two -- they jump into each other and become one.
+You withdraw in yourself, and God is returning. You meet on the way; you become one. This oneness is the meaning of the word "yoga." Yoga means to become one.
+Next: Chapter 6, You can't get there from here: First Question
+Search energyenhancement.org
+Search web
+.
+Re: DRH
+You are not helping here. David Reid Homes says it isn’t responsible for the sale of David Reid Homes franchises and while that doesn’t quite make any sense at all I think it only fair to find someone, anyone, who can explain how DRH isn’t responsible for DRH.
+This is serious stuff; it isn’t just franchisees that get burned. When they collapse they suck the guts out of home investors and subcontractors and the newsagents and suppliers they all feed so I suggest some objectivity here. If you follow the IP paper trail thought it leads all the way to David Reid Homes? Am I the only one confused?
+I’ll type this real slow so the Australian Rudd gubbmnt people get a little look in. When systems like DRH collapse they suck the guts out of home investors and subcontractors and the newsagents and suppliers they all feed.
+Now if I was a patient at the Fred Hollows Foundation I might have missed the 'ole Google search results that indicate that this has been many times a wonderful example of how franchise scams produce some heavy duty fallout for everyday folk that din know siht about franchising. An ifin dey looks real close dey will see some franchisees jus a little p****d off.
+I believe that the basic attribute of mankind is to look after each other – the late and great Fred Hollows.
+And who can forget …..
+And now you're telling me David Reid misrepresented this disaster? You are not helping here. Where is Dave when you need him?
+Im Confused All I know is
+Im Confused All I know is that the ageement we signed was with David Reid Homes.
+There is a lot of buck passing in the company, no one is responsible for anything, no one answered ours and other franchisees emails, all reasons why we left apart from the fact we were given bogus figures etc. We complained to the ACC and the Franchise council neither one was really interested. We are just concerned that potential Franchisees are allowed to talk to Franchisees that have left the system ( we were told there were none) untrue.
+I am grateful to this blog and when I researched David Reid Homes I found nothing negative on the company at all. Just that they were among BRW's fastest growing franchises etc, all this gave them lots of kudos.
+If anyone is considering becomming a franchisee there are building approval checks - you can do to see how many houses are really built a year and look at the ASIC website to see how many people actually have registered the name and are no longer trading and above all don't be intimidated into not contacting previous Franchisees.
+DRH - A Super Effort
+Can someone bring me up to speed on where the David Reid franchise [office] numbers are now?
+At this Australian DRH website the video suggests there are 23 offices. I’m not going to look further but I suggest you guys do and would refer you to THIS. The information I reviewed some time back suggested this was not even close.
+It does not take a super
+effort and in fact my original complaint consisted of, from memory, 2 paragraphs in an email with a few links and 2 attachments.
+The supreme efforts of the ACCC in that instance actually brought about virtually a surrender in getting franchisee fresh meat and, for a time, they totally focused on sharing the joy with existing franchisees. It was truly a coincidence that not long afterwards the franchisor backer took the scam into administration. It was heart breaking ....
+What a load of crap.
+I have just come across this site and I am disheartened by how inaccurate peoples opinions are. These sites attract only those that have failed. The Melbourne East office and the Perth office are the exception. What stands those offices apart from the failures is that the failures expected to be lead by the nose, have clients brought to their door and everything done for them. The Melbourne East and Perth offices continue to thrive because they do what all businesses must do and that is hire good staff/sales people and follow a business model.
+A franchise system is basically a good idea, marketing system or product that is then offered to others to replicate.
+Support was their for them to use, they just had to want to use it. Allot refused to have the right people come in and set up their systems. The majority just failed to use all the systems in place and by the time a problem was realised it was to late due to the inaccuracy of the franchisee's use of the systems.
+Allot of failures did not understand basic accountancy. When I started my business I took all the courses I could in understanding this basic skill.
+No franchise system that I have ever looked at in Australia gives you these skills you have to go and get them.
+I have seen builders operate out of the back of a ute and still make sales and build houses, why because they go out and get them not sit in their office and wait.
+The best thing that has happened is the removal of the last two directors of DRH Australia.
+Though one was a great person the other person lacked the skills to deal with franchisee's and he was more focused on computer systems rather than helping franchisee's.
+His direction was if they get into trouble let them get out of it.
+That attitude has now gone and things are starting to brighten up.
+Do not let people who have been incompetent cloud the facts.
+This is a good business if run correctly by the business owners.
+Remember, failures complain successful people quietly enjoy their success.
+Yes, you would be right ..
+that was a load of crap.
+You may be prepared to forgive for the sake of hopefully having something worth something but that does not appear to be where this is heading. You may see a bright light appearing back from the east. You did mention that the Australian master franchisees failed the franchisees. You did not mention to what degree they failed franchisees and to what degree the man with his name on the brand was responsible for the misrepresentation.
+How many did you build in your first year? Did you meet the claims
+that were made to you? Don't try and tell us fibs now unless you are
+prepared to 'come out'. How many headlines have you read of DRH
+collapses? How many franchisees are left?
+Unfortunatley I have probably read much more about this scam than you and I have also read the most recent 'network' smoke and mirrors. There is evidence. If he pulls you out of the poo it will only be because he wants desperately to get back on a plane to the States.
+You represent the gullible that are the masses in franchising. Good luck to you but I will be surprised if you don't come back here and whine when it hits the fan.
+DRH & others
+I'll send you a number. ozfranchising@hotmail.com
+Last week I had discussions with a number of people who were going to send me information regarding another matter. One person only has so far responded.
+Given the type of media we were discussing I was silly enough to expect more ............
+info on Davd Reid Homes
+Thanks for the email address.I will be in touch soon
+The only reason the Melbourne
+The only reason the Melbourne East Franchise is surviving is because they have deep pockets. They funded their first showhome out of their own pockets, they have managed to secure around 8 contracts this year, they have been operating for 3 years and they are not even close to breaking even.
+Perth is an amalgamation of two franchises because they were smart enough to see that they were not going to make it on their own. They also have the benefit of the mining boom still ticking along well enough to keep the high end market off life support in the West, unlike on the East Coast.
+Also I think both these franchisees have background and contacts in the building industry. Something that was specifically not required by DR when hawking his scam, and probably the single biggest cause of failure in Australia.
+When a particular program produces financial failure amongst
+its practitioners in a business segment where competent participants usually make money, there are specifically identifiable reasons for this different result.
+Successful participants in the business have their way of doing business. The failing participant system requires that its constituents do business in some different manner that produces an unfavorable result.
+Rather than genrealize, it might be useful to identify the specific points of differentiation regarding this company that bring about the comparatively unfavorable results. Are they requiring procurement of materials and equipment from tied in sources and deriving an extraneous revenue stream from this that causes the franchisees to pay more for their purchases than independents/others in the same businerss would normally pay? That is one example of specific points of differentiation. Another would tend to be the cost of a franchise relationship that competing builders do not have to carry.
+These and other specifically enumerated points of differentiation go far beyond the generalizations. A good investigative reporter might start interviewing the failed franchisees and screening their administration proceeding filings to dig out the causes for the failures.
+It all goes out
+It seems to me that this franchise model involves a lot of money going out in the first 1 to 2 years and virtually none coming in for the same period.
+That is the biggie. It seems they were led to believe that they would have almost immediate cash flow.
+It would be very interesting to determine exactly what costs were experienced that contributed to failure if they were unexpected costs. Although the information provided by Guest suggests they did not need much help to fail with no revenue coming in what else was missing from disclosure and the sales pitch?
+It is the ridiculous timing plus other absurd negatives that
+have produced the reputational issues that qualify this company as a FranWhack.
+I know that DRH's lawyers have recently sent out threatening letters claiming libel and slander because people used the term FranWhack when speaking of them. I have read some of them. But they are a FranWhack, and if they want to sue someone over that, they can damn well start with suing me. I originated the term FranWhack. I defined the term FranWhack. What a FranWhack is can be found by clicking on . It fits! And I am extremely easy to find! It's getting to be like Cuppy's and Java Joe's all over again.
+You can't cover up being a sonofabitch by having your lawyers threaten people.
+Anyone threatened by them with a lawsuit can count on my availability as an expert witness..
+David Reid has fooled you.
+Tim, you were totally sold by David Reid, and looked up to him and were totally fooled by him. David Reid ripped off all the parties involved in the failed venture David Reid Investments, and failed to repay any paid deposits made by the Territory Franchisees. Keep supporting David Reid, but he is taking you for a ride.
+Latest in DRH Saga
+David Reid has breached his Australian Master Franchisor and taken them to court to recover lost data.
+Two years ago David Reid sold his interest in DRH Australia to his largest franchisee. Since then he has sat back (having relocated back to NZ) and watched as the two directors of DRH Australia have run the business into insolvency. On the way, around 19 of 23 franchisees have closed, gone broke, or been breached. Keep in mind that everyone committed at least $350k to be involved, and some have put in excess of $1m.
+Understandably pissed off, the DRH Australia directors moved data and created havoc with the DRH systems as they were shown the door, to the point that franchisees have not been able to access critical accounting and systems data for over a month. Keep in mind that although these two incompetents have destroyed the business, they also were conned by out of a truckload of cash by DR.
+David Reid has recovered a lot of the data through court action and has now graciously offered to sue the previous directors, on behalf of the 2 or 3 remaining franchisees, on the condition that any money recovered is retained by David Reid and used for marketing.
+Presumably to help him sell more franchises.
+It looks to me that David Reid has taken churning to a new level. Not only is he trying to churn grass roots franchises, it looks as though he will probably try to churn Sub-franchises and the Master Franchise. DRH has quite a record in Australia, having sent the Master Franchisee to the wall. With State level franchisees, who paid at least $1m, struggling with little royalties flowing through, and no prospect of selling any further franchises at the original extortionate price of $200k. So they have little prospect of recovering their investment either, unless they can sell more franchises. But to sell more franchises they now have to move to the dark side and knowingly sell a failed system to the next poor bastard. It will be interesting to see what happens next.
+As testament to DR sales skills, he has re-employed two previous employees, one who is probably too dumb to know any better, and one who is vastly experienced in the industry and knows that the system is flawed.
+David Reid is trying to blame everyone else for the failure of his system in Australia but himself. But the fact is he started selling franchises in Australia before he had built a business.
+He created the illusion of a business by selling showhomes to friends as investments with above average rental returns. Unfortunately these rental returns were being funded by the poor franchisee who built the home (just another overhead). So as soon as the showhome was completed the clock was ticking as to whether the business could generate enough sales to cover the now massive overheads. By this stage your typical franchisee would have a large office (required before franchise opens), two cars, a construction manager at $70k plus, a sales person at $30-50k plus.
+In the design and build industry it takes a minimum of 12 months from when a client walks in the door until a contract is signed, let alone building commencing and funds coming in. And clients don't start walking in the door until you have a showhome. It takes at least a year to design and build a showhome. So doing the simple maths, unless you budgeted on two years from commencement to receiving your first construction payments from clients, they were doomed from the outset. How many franchisees buy a business with an expectation of two years before they will start generating revenue. Not many i would suggest. And i would also suggest that DR would not have sold many franchises if he had been upfront with that little gem. In fact, quite to the contrary, every existing past or present franchisee in Australia was told that they only needed $150k in working capital! Is this guy good or what?
+Of course DR told prospective franchisees that he had a bank of investors waiting to buy showhomes, so franchisees spent anywhere from 20-50k having homes designed and plans prepared only to find that there were no investors. But of course that was not DR's fault. He was happy in NZ, or off to the US or UK selling more franchises.
+Dave Reid's only real claim to fame was the arguable success of DRH in NZ. I say arguable, because he is no longer a part of the NZ business. He was bought out by his partner due to concerns over the ethics (or lack of) DR showed in setting up the Australian business.
+Showing the self conviction of many of his ilk, he has now taken the business to the USA claiming that it is a successful franchise system. Surely there must be some laws against this both in Australia and the United States.
+In any case, if you see an add for a DRH franchise, just smile knowingly, secure in the knowledge that you will not be the next poor bastard to give him money.
+DRH Creditors Dumped Amidst Trust Issues?
+This whole saga of DRH has become a tangled web indeed. The master franchisee - sub franchisor - [Stephens] blames the Franchisor [Reid] and visa versa with franchisees saying that both are responsible for issues previously published here. Every complaint directed at DRH is seemingly directed at Stephens and some at Reid with David Reid saying he was not responsible for David Reid Homes at the time. Stephens is apparently pursuing action against unfair termination.
+Non-payments are overflowing and then there was the takeover of the DRH web site directing traffic here to this discussion at BMM. Then there is the documented financial model supposedly created by Reid but where Stephens was apparently not supposed to present it to franchisees because under a basic examination there is a problem with it. The one in my hands doesn’t work but Stephens had provided it anyway.
+And law suits abound with threats of others at different stages. Then there are the overseas considerations referred to in comments here and/or in media involving the UK, New Zealand and the US. Did I mention the emails telling me DRH are wonderful and others with a very different opinion.
+NOW there is the suggestion that David Reid advised existing franchisees, after Stephens was terminated as Australian master, to not pay Stephens and have Reid hold the money in trust even though the contracts are apparently with Stephens. As previously mentioned; suppliers and creditors have been hollering and you can't blame them if they haven't been paid.
+Creditors Chase ex-DRH Franchisor
+I can’t make that much sense out of this lot and there are even more confusing allegations and versions of interactions where I have been asked to hold different pieces of information in confidence by different players. My wife watches ‘Bold and the Beautiful’ so I might ask her.
+Dubai More Franchise Advetising, more lies…
+"We wouldn't expect to be building a home for less than half a million pounds," Pick said.
+In order to obtain a lic-ence to operate under the David Reid Homes brand in the UAE, it would cost a potential franchisee $150,000, Pick said.
+"We'd expect the franchise holder to get that money back at least in their very first construction, after that they make [a] profit."
+They will never get that back in their first construction at 4% supposed profit especially as it has taken at least two years of high overheads to get that first construction.
+DRH Ireland
+David Reid is a superb bullshitter. Unfortunately he has recruited honourable men who have misled people because they have been let down by the promises of David Greid. The people that built his business in NZ and the likes of his partner Roy Baker in Australia have been shafted. If he does that to the people he knows twenty years he is not going going to worry about shafting someone he has just met. For the record there is no builds in Ireland or the UK. A "franchisee" is building a showhome near London. No customer builds at all.Why? Because David Gried puts all his money in a tax haven rather than into his business. Feel free to contact me if you want any more information. I am already involved in a lawsuit to get to this fraudster. My next step is a blog and so on....
+How many DRH
+How many DRH franchisees were presented with rediculous time frames to reach profitability? How many never got close before they were inundated with unservicable debt? Nice homes though ....
+I could ask a whole lot of other questions but that might point to my sources. Ok; one more ... how many suppliers were burnt? One more ..... how many clients?
+Nah ... this stuff isn't the business of government.
+Ray, As you are the moderator
+Ray,
+As you are the moderator of this site and seem to have some idea of what you are talking about, contact me privately and I will give you some goods that I would expect to see put David Gried out of business once and for all. Feel free to interview me on Skype. I have nothing to hide. It may not help the people that have lost money but as we say in Ireland, 'what does not kill you makes you stronger". Behind the David Reid bullshit there is a business model that can work. Unfortunately the greedy bastard sucks the life out of the business financially before it even gets off the ground.
+I'm not the moderator
+I am the moderated and give poor Mr BMM a heartache every now and again. Contact me at ozfranchising@hotmail.com
+David Reid Uk Limited
+Hi
+Very interested in your potential lawsuit I also have lost money at the hands of these people and would be interested in sharing views as to potential of recovering these losses which I believe were obtained under false pretences
+just touching base
+Hi,
+Have not visited thhis site in a while so only jyst saw this message.
+How's life?
+Reido Fleeces the Arabs!!!
+David Reid is now selling his 'expertise' for $2m. I bet he will be staying well away from Kuwait in a couple of years time!…
+David Reid reels in the Arabs
+What is wrong with people? Surely this artist can not get away with it again.
+Fleecing Arabs my well be his last hurrah. One of the many
+things I really like about my Arab friends is that they have long memories and are man enough to handle a problem directly rather than waste years in a "legal" process paying lawyers to chase phantoms whose money cannot be found even when you win. They are not that stupid.
+Mr Reid should do some research on "hazuk basham". It is a wonderful remedy and produces redress much faster and less expensively than anything ay lawyer ever thought of.
+Tim, Dave, Abdul and $2m
+My understanding of the typical Middle Eastern deal is that Dave would have to put up $1m and Abdul will be watching every penny of his $1m. Dave won’t be removing 10c from Kuwait until Abdul decides Abdul is happy.
+Let’s put this into perspective; in Kuwaiti terms $2m might buy the dingy on the back of my yacht or the toilet in my guest house.
+Dave will be looking for more money soon and he’ll find out how tight a fish can be if he thinks Abdul is going to fork out anymore without something tangible to hold onto.
+If Dave screws up he will forfeit his lot and Abdul won’t lose a penny. If Dave hangs around and whines Abdul’s second cousin will put him in a place that makes Guantanamo Bay look like a resort.
+I’m not surprised Tim Groser is involved. This $2m deal will have doubled NZ Trade. New Zealand politicians are some of the cheapest on the planet but to be fair; they get so little opportunity.
+But NZ won’t get a penny out of this. Dave will probably run. Abdul will probably have lunch.
+I see you're a conman
+I see you're a conman too!
+Only put on your website what will benefit your argument.
+And you complain about Reid.
+Plus I notice you haven't solicited his opinion.
+Obviously you like a one sided argument.... you must have one glass eye!
+Must also have a fetish for siding with the "underdog".
+Just can't work out if the dog has bitten anyone first!!
+That’s a bit cruel
+I have a rather fragile personality and would have much preferred ‘ahole’.
+David Reid came here and left. David Reid exchanged emails with me and disappeared. You obviously can’t change the model or the sales pitch that has been the basis of DRH. Unless you can produce something worthwhile to contradict that and the fallout I think its time you changed hands and I definatley won't be offering any further asistance.
+WHAT A LOAD OF BS!!!!!!
+It has been interesting following these narratives...
+You are aware, that anyone who is prepared to take on a franchise, or any other business opportunity, should do their due diligence before signing on the dotted line, regardless of how attractive the proposition is that is put before them.... Common sense?
+If you are going to take on a field of expertise, in which you have none, you had better be damn sure you know what you're doing first, or have the people around you who do..... Again common sense!
+Many of the people who took on David Reid Homes franchises, did so based on the NZ scenario, which has been working quite well. Unfortunately those people had no construction experience. Further, in many cases they did not follow the model, nor did they take the advice given to them by people who were in a position to know, or appointed to assist them. In the end they went down. Each for a different reason, but each in their own way responsible for their own demise.
+Regardless of how good a "Salesman" you think David Reid is, at the end of the day, as with all franchises, if you don't follow the model, or, as in the real world of business, if you do things contrary to good business practice, if you entertain new business without following the correct procedure as dictated by law, or enter into business dealings at the wrong price, regardless of your good intentions.... you will ultimately fail.
+How you handle that failure depends on whether you are prepared to accept the folly as being of your own doing, or, according to the comments which you purported were made to you by the disgruntled franchisees, point the finger at David Reid, when in reality they should simply be looking in the mirror.
+I believe the franchises that are still running are doing so successfully despite the difficult climate.
+The only problem with the David Reid Homes franchise system is that the majority of the original Australia franchisees lacked the reality of real world building experience, and that included its then DRH Australia overseers. That was David Reid's mistake, and I believe one he should rectify with new franchisees.
+A flood of good advice
+Most of what you state cannot be argued against. Everyone and especially franchisees have a responsibility to ensure effective due diligence before they sign a contract and that includes whether they are a fit for the industry, for business, for franchising and for the particular franchise they are considering.
+But where was the franchisor when all this poor franchisee selection was going on? The sales material presented to the prospective franchisees came straight from the franchisor including the bloody hilarious projections.
+Its not unusual to ‘sell’ first generation franchises to anyone with the money while the system is ‘developed’. Some [most] franchises never develop and the first generation failures flow into the second and third and so on.
+I absolutely disagree on many of the compliance issues you refer to as being cause for the demise of Australian DRH franchisees and as you suggest, that was partly the result of a lousy Australian master franchisee who didn’t support; didn’t actually do much at all. DRH made a mistake there but he was following the DRH franchising model. There has been no evidence to suggest that the DRH model has been ‘developed’.
+I could give you some specific examples and let those be tied to specific franchisees and I think that’s what you are after but I ain’t that stoopid.
+You ‘believe the franchisees that are still running are doing so successfully despite the difficult climate.’ Now that is great news even though it goes against the recent flood of emails.
+Apart from that this is going to be a very tough year for small business. In the building industry last year was a shocker. This year you had better be damn good at what you do and how you maintain your business through a considered analysis of a changing and very bloody tight lender market mostly due to an incompetant first term government that has borrowed most of what would have been availble to stimulate small business. But your fool PM has to cover multi-billion dollar blunders while blowing any residual consumer confidence. And now you get the double whammy to consumer confidence with a federal election just around the corner.
+Throw that in with a franchisee financial model that don’t work and typical franchisee contractual obligations and you have a hell of a problem. Perhaps your's is a cash business and good luck to you. The government is wasting the tax dollar anyway and your DRH royalty won't be missed ... much.
+You keep your chin up and forget about the past DRH failures and the now struggling franchisees I hear from. From those DRH franchisees let me pass on their thanks for reigniting and keeping this thread going. It has been a pleasure working with you. But I really must run; I have more important things to do.
+They call me speedy
+One thing about some people that fail in business, especially first timers; they can be very smart people and still fail. Even professionals such as lawyers and doctors and even footballers with managers can fall for incompetent advice and make rash decisions.
+In franchising that advice is replaced with a very competent sales pitch and a delivered promise of riches.
+That doesn’t lessen the culpability of franchisees in their own demise but it makes the franchisor complicit; en masse, and usually deliberately so. Franchisors have been shedding responsibility for FranWhacks for half of the last century.
+I took one look at the DRH projections and nearly fell out of my chair. Not just because it failed the ‘common sense’ business test of what is achievable. Mostly because smart people signed up. How many Aussie franchisees are left now?
+Are you a) David Reid b) a Territory Director
+This is a Franchise, there is supposed to be support and advice, a lot of the Franchisees were infact business people. You obviously don't want you potential next victims to read this site and take notice. Afterall you get you $200,000 - if they go bust you get another franchisee and another $200,00.
+The NZ senario was what were were sold as being the Australian senario.
+There is not one original franchisee remaining - there has been 100% failure - is that on there advertising or in the prospectus. There cannot be many franchises with this amount of failure. The whole Franchise agreement was full of faulsehoods. Hopefully the ACCC has investigated this.
+Thanks to this website - you can now find unbiased due dilligence - but before there just wasn't any.
+The franchisee we were all taken to see, (who has since gone bankrupt) told us how well he was doing. Looking back, he seemed obliged to do so.
+When according to the franchise code of conduct you are given figures etc of what is supposed to be an actuall trading business- you take a bit on board that they are following legal regulations.
+This website is great for providing people advice - and talking about due dilligence, any potential franchisees please do it and email some of us.....
+RE WHAT A LOAD OF BS!!!!!! by Guest
+What model - there is no model to follow with David Reid - you were on your own, and regarding your no building experience argument, David Reid specifically didn't want anyone with previous experience. There claim was " that you it is not easier to teach a builder to be a business man"
+How does he do it?
+I can believe this man David Reid is still at large, he is by far the biggest bull------- I have ever come across, he has an apprentice in the UK called Martin Pick who is not far behind Reid in conning people, Pick has also taken many £1000's of innocents in the UK and is still at it - please be careful, he has a silver toungue!
+And he is still taking money from people, he has left a trail of victims behind him and he is still at it!
+He really should be stopped.
+The Australians, The British and now the Arabs!
+David Reid, Martin Pick, wanted for fleecing people, these men really are a double act, they can both talk the talk but there is no walk!
+Martin Pick has taken well over 1 million pounds from unsuspecting franchisees and so called territory directors over recent years, how many houses has he built = 0. How many customers has he generated for his franchisees = 0, what are his franchises doing = NOTHING! How does he sleep at night?
+Buyer beware
+For Those who bought an Aussie franchie - watch this
+Try not to laugh too hard!!! PS they only pay $69,000 up front with $17,000 of that being used to advertise and help your business, and you can work from home!!!!!! No overheads ,and you have to hear the profit projections. Gosh I must buy one.
+Here We Go Again!Posted by Guest on December 14th, 2010
+Here we Go Again. The DRH Refurbishment
+I am and ex DRH franchisor who lost everything do to the lack of support from all parties of DRH head office before DR sold it to Rus and when Rus took it over. December last year Ken Beissel rang me to discuss what went wrong and how he would be able to make DRH better. Wanted to know why my franchise went down which I told him lack of support, false projections given to us and the understatement of the require capital. Ken also advised that he had been head hunted to change the ways of the past and to make the system work better. This new role out doesnt do anything for all the people that have lost everything to date which includes both the ex-franchisors, clients, suppliers and subcontractors which I stated to Ken, I asked "will the new DRH repair the damage done to the ex-franchise finacilaly and personally..." he advised that he couldnt but he did state ..."that with the new role out it would be different as DR has relised now that the system in NZ was no the right system for Australia." Lot a help that is for the ones that have lost everything.
+In Defense of David Reid Homes
+I just received the email below from John Harris of Building Selection regarding David Reid Homes. I am posting it for Mr. Harris.
+A word of note: I would encourage all readers that it isn't necessary to write letters to the editor if you want to post something. All are free to post and comment in Blue MauMau's public forums and article comments. - Mr. Blue MauMau, editor
+Hi Editor,
+I googled David Reid Homes today to find a particular Home that was built on the sunshine coast. I was surprised to see the bankruptcy as the third google hit and find the story and links amazingly one sided. That no one has taken the time to address them is also surprising. Ray clearly is the man in the seat and I note his blog is well constructed and his purpose means well.
+May I share my experience?
+I met David Reid and Roy Baker some 6 years ago when there were 3 franchisees in Australia. Having owned and operated a number of building selection centres and hosted, presented, created new home and other functions / workshops / seminars aimed at giving consumers an ideal process, I felt their model matched the ideal. I have also worked for hundreds of companies in the Building Industry including the two major Building Associations, The Landscape Association the Kitchen and Bathroom Designers Institute, Archicentre and the Building Designers Association. There is little mention of financial control methods and mechanisms in these organisations. Yet the building industry remains a cornerstone of the economy and Franchising works well.
+The comment that the DRH franchisees got no support is a total furphy. I attended almost every function the company presented over a 5 year period including 2 international, one National conference and numerous regional conferences. These were all designed to make the businesses better. A host or successful people presented to share the basics of success. The operations manager continually assisted Franchisees, they had a quoting and estimating division to ensure margins were met and also offered national supply deals to ensure Franchisees got the best possible price on any item required.
+The company continually tried to get their Franchisees to pay attention to their creditors and debtors’ and I have numerous examples where builders were ticking over millions yet not focusing on collections even when their regional mangers ( Territory Directors ) alerted them to this issue. The company even installed a system that tracked and traced every single item from initial contact with a prospective contact. This system clearly identified every cost centre going into a project and allowed the Franchisee to know their exact financial status at the press of a button. Some refused to use it and said they knew better. Most of the franchisees had management experience and all they needed to do was to market to clients and treat them like they needed to be treated. The high ticket big margin almost ensured that anyone could be successful. That some were not, is not a reflection of the DRH system.
+The article talks about sub contractors being owed money. It is always the trades who also do not have tight credit control with their builders, that get left being owed money. This is NOT a reflection of the DRH franchise system.
+The best franchise in the world is as good as it’s people. The best system allows for complete understanding of one’s business whether juicing carrots of frying chicken. That existed with David Reid Homes but the knowledge is not as important as acting on the knowledge. Only the respective Franchisees have the power to act on the knowledge. The best example was the building board closing down a DRH Franchisee even though he had $7 Mill under contract and another $7 Mill in the pipeline and they foreclosed on him despite assurances they were happy with his financials. I am sure the court case will show he was solvent.
+The Franchisees that currently continue to trade are winning awards not just on their quality homes but trade in difficult markets heavily influenced by GFC yet continue to flourish.
+Maybe it’s time to do a story on them and why they continue to succeed and flourish? Maybe ask them what the level of support was? With interest the Perth and Melbourne offices also have business coaches ON TOP of all the DRH systems to ensure they really do well. MBA WA best new builder of the year in 2010?? DRH. Master builders Vic multiple award nominee 09 / 2010 DRH. Your story alludes that the homes built are indeed high quality, collecting money from the client is obviously one very important item.
+I write this reply with no influence or input from David Reid Homes but have CCed their operations manager in as it seems grossly unfair to leave comments like this on the web with NO other input from any one except regional newspaper reporting that presents one side of the case.
+Sincerely yours
+John Harris
+Business Network Director
+My Comment
+I saw the forum page only, yesterday when I wrote the reply.
+You have pasted it to a thread that I had not seen previously and have spent the last 4 hours reading the comments.
+For those that feel aggrieved or are aggrieved I am sure justice will prevail within the framework of corporate law. The man commenting, Mr Solomon, looks and sounds like a good bloke to have on side too!
+I was only replying to the claim that Franchisees got no support and this was not the case. Territory Directors including one here who has posted, BEGGED franchisees to pay attention to their financials. Yes it was a new model based around what was learned in NZ with OZ being a bigger country...but that does not alter the facts. A good product delivered well, with good marketing where you give people what they want and make a good margin is a recipe for success. I hope that the existing Franchisees continue to make a success of their businesses.
+For those that have lost their money I feel very sorry for them and know many of them by name. I amongst others tried to share knowledge and train people to do things the right way. No amount of comments on blogs makes up for financial ruin and my heart aches for the real human cost of business failure.
+John Harris
+Really ?
+Hey John,
+you must be looking for your old job back with DRH as National Training Manager. Good luck with that.
+All the "support" you were exposed to was of a sales nature. The back end systems were shocking in terms of costing and accounts management. Databuild had no provision for managing a business, only managing a project. As for the estimating, DRH referred you to an independant estimator - not their own staff. It was all based on "best guess".
+You can talk it up all you want, the backend systems were poor, faulty and inconsistent. The model changed so much in such a short period of time that the systems were always being ironed out. They were never tried and true systems. They were experiments. And franchisees were the guinea pigs.
+Talk. Talk. Talk. That's all there ever really was. So much talk, and so little substance. For the sake of future participants (customers, franchisees, subbies and so on) I hope DRH never get's back on it's feet. The real problems at the core of the business have never been acknowledged, will therefore never be addressed, and history - as they say - is doomed to repeat itself.
+5 years ago, a franchise sold for 250k. Now, you can sign up for free. Even head office know the value of their franchises today.
+The Perth franchise survives on the back of the WA boom. Melbourne are surviving due to their deep pockets and capacity to keep tipping dollars into their leaky business.
+When even the national director has to rebrand his own franchise to something other than DRH just to try and survive (while he is still an owner of DRH Australia) then you know things are not as you described them. You can validate that at
+Reply 1.
+Well Hi TJ Bickel. I trust you are not a Taxi Driver too? If so will warn Jodie to keep an eye out for you.
+I do not remember you being an active person involved in David Reid Homes under this name, whilst I was the National Sales Trainer.
+Perhaps I can address your points as you list them.
+My role as incorrectly stated was as sales trainer. This has only recently expired and may be re invigorated now that there are 15 new Franchisees.
+As I don't know you and assume you may or may not know me, I state the obvious. You have no idea what I was exposed to whilst in the companies employ. Perhaps this may assist.
+I am widely regarded as a database sales expert having been involved in Computer tracking for some 28 years. NOT just in sales but how to really track a client. Salesforce is ONE Tool for a business and like all computer programs it is garbage in, garbage out. I spent a considerable time with each Franchisee trying to get their staff to honestly input their client base and their likelihood of completing. Sales IS the basis of business. Anyone can build a home. Some of the offices and their franchisees point blank refused to keep their computer system and their sales info up to date. I guess that attitude reflected on their financial controls too?
+I worked with Donna and advised Russ and Roy on which system to go to, having to vigorously assess three options for controlling sales leads...sales leads that within the same program, became projects, projects which showed profitability, time zones, work flows, and communication. What part of that is failing? What part was accepted, embraced and adhered too in any office was often the trigger point to realisation of their state of affairs.
+Yes systems continue to change and improve NOT just in this company or industry but every company and every industry. Systems have to reflect the hear and now not the past and be set in stone.
+Having spent a fair amount of time at DRH head Office I have seen with my owwn eyes the Estimators and spent a fair amount of time with both of them discussing the links to sales from the estimating process and their guide to best practise. As I don't know who you are I can only guess that more time spent with Dean and the team may have helped you get the costings right at your end. But Estimating is only one part of a project it is the BIG picture like any other business that needs adhering to.
+The process of building a DRH home remain the reasons I was involved. The CONSUMER is king no matter whether you work for Henley, Alcock, Salsbury, NuSteel, Hotondo, GJ, Cavalier. Luxury homes are a profitable business and make money for the companies who build them with tight controls and known cost inputs. THAT system existed in DRH.
+The Perth Franchise flourishes due to Kims professionalism and ability to relate well to very discerning and demanding clients. Boom or no Boom you still gotta build trust and confidence in a client. They do that well and as MBA new builder of the year guess this proves they can BUILD a good home too?
+Melbourne does well because the Lads have built a formidable team. They have taken on a business coach and we all expect that Mr Ruffolo will drive them to greater success.
+You know where I am and I am always up for a chat about why any system fails. Talk talk talk is a good thing in business...comprehension, understanding and application of what is being said is pretty important too.
+You may know I train both HIA MBA members and work with 5 other industry bodies to continually raise the standard of construction, building and the experience for clients. To my know knowledge there is no Neil Jenman in the new home space and my input was always based on getting the process right for the consumer.
+I currently work with a DRH Franchisee who is eyes wide open, yet still bought the Franchise ( they are NOT FREE ). He knows why he bought the franchise and the reason remains constant for most builders and business people who buy Franchises in the building industry. If you work it, it will work.
+Again I do not know your name and yes Business is based on money and paying bills. BUT success is the transfer of feelings and emotions and luxury home construction is heavily based on this. The DRH system STILL works and will continue to be a great way for people to get what they want on budget and on time. That is THE system.
+I can hear your pain and a dash of anger and hope that you find your success in some venture as soon as possible.
+respectfully yours
+John Harris
+I like your plannet Jon does
+I like your plannet Jon does it closely revolve ours?
+I never met you at a David Reid event, they couldn't even answer the simplest question about building Why?, because they didn't know anything about it, they didn't help at all, all they cared about is your money,most of the franchisees has already operated businesses and know too well about creditors etc thank you, the figures they gave alongside the fact that as franchisees you thought you were protected by law and that those figures had to be acurate based on a two year period, not made up as it transpired.
+We phoned head office for help, phone calls werent returned. So I suggest politely that you are talking out of ignorance or the new chappy is worried about potential franchisees reading the blog and is trying to counter act it. Just look at asic and find out how many franchisees David Reid has got through, becuse the agreement we got which is by law supposed to state how many franchisees have exited stated NONE, again not legal. No other input from anyone leaving comments, HAVE YOU READ THIS WEB SITE. I am sure you have CC'd the operations manager I am sure you know him well
+My Planet
+Giving feedback to people who post anonymously is a little challenging but I can understand your desire to remain anon if you were a failed Franchisee.
+I will address your points. However remember it is a Franchise we are talking about. Colonel Sanders was a terrific sales person, had a good recipe and a great brand. People still failed in that business model. They are still failing, McDonalds closes restaurants, Franchisees try to cut corners and re invent wheels even in the BEST franchise. Human nature almost guarantees that people will FAIL in business according to their own strengths and weaknesses.
+Please allow me to address your points one by one.
+My planet is serving more people individually who are planning homes than any other single individual in Australia for the last 14 years. My planet has invested some $4 million dollars assessing, analysing, teaching, training, hosting workshops, seminars and private one on one conversations with hundreds and hundreds of people in 4 states of Australia. Both people planning homes and the companies planning to build them. My planet is an award winning service provider to the industry bodies. My planet is as a judge for quality construction and aspects of the building industry. My planet is a family based FRANCHISE who appreciates that whilst the master franchisee may know a bit about what he /. she is doing, I have to adapt and adopt to local market conditions. I do not care what figures or maths they show me I HAVE TO BE profitable. It's a pretty simple business rule and it is ENTIRELY up to me to make this happen. Any support I get is a bonus.
+As I was involved with DRH from the time they had three offices till they time they had 2 ( a 5 year period ) it is a shame we never met. Perhaps my input could have assisted you to be a success?
+Who couldn't answer the simplest request? I was only the sales trainer and know pretty much every aspect of construction....even the BCA sets out some pretty easy guides and HIA & MBA run courses and give their time freely to members on a daily basis across EVERY element of construction. Surely you did not expect to ask or get building advice from Donna? Roy and Russ would never let the sun go down without addressing major issues either from what I saw.
+I still have every DRH document I was ever involved in, including the Franchise sales forecasts. I remember distinctly:- set up your office, find an investor to build a showhome, make 1-2 sales year 1. make 4-7 sales year two, 10+ year three and build teams as you grow. Any sales projections or forecasts HAVE to be seen as just that. Every market in Australia flexes and changes and a Franchisee must flex with it. We know Mackay is a great place today, but a little carbon tax could kill it, as a current example.
+I don't base decisions on what ASIC says. I also don't believe everything I read and Government websites present the cold hard facts I am sure. I don't become involved with Franchises based upon their past successes or failures. I think due diligence is very important when buying a Franchise and the most recent DRH Franchisee STILL bought the name! Does that make them stupid, ignorant or self determined based on the websites and mandatory disclosure?
+Without knowing your personal story I cannot comment on the points you make about head office answering your calls. They did not have caller ID on the switch and they always answered my calls? I trained the reception staff as well and NOT answering calls was never addressed. I am sure that as the company went through it's tough times it would not have been pleasant. I cannot apologise, only sympathise and empathise.
+I met the new MD / CEO 8 years ago and have not spoken or written to him since then. I have certainly NOT CCed him in on anything I have expressed on this excellent blog.
+I appreciate and respect your desire to remain annon.
+You know where I am and can always call to discuss. Like I said ..I was with the company for 5 years and had a LOT to do with the coal face, being dealing with clients. NO CLIENTS, NO BUSINESS.
+The ultimate system and the reason I was involved in DRH, was the client system. I have never seen it matched or bettered and the experience on my Planet says it is still a superior process for the client and allows margin for the builder. The rest is just admin and money management. With interest I have three accountants working for the 4 companies I am involved in and they charged me nearly $90K last year. I do what I do well and leave the rest and pay professionals to do what they do whilst having a good understanding of their systems and my responsibilities BUT I DO NOT do that work.
+I hope you remain focused on your next venture and make a great success of it.
+I know of 4 other Franchises that seek people to follow their system. Have a look at PIzza Capers and The Best Of. I know both the owners of these companies and if luxury homes is no good, then maybe business support or quality luxury take away food is the answer. We can't all make great building companies but I think Perth and Melbourne have proved it can be done and will continue to succeed as the days go by....as long as the economy remains almost confident.
+Sincerely yours
+John Harris
+It was actually Roy and Russ
+It was actually Roy and Russ who wouldn't reply to mine and several other franchisees requests for help, just the usualy David Reid " Heads in the sand" approach
+Interesting to have a name for the person who penned the fradulent franchise sales figures documents which were according to the franchise code of conduct supposed to be an accurate representation of an existing franchise (two year operating figures) not a finger in the air forecast.
+Asic dosent actually "say" anything, it just shows how many franchisees David Reid has gone through and how many have been placed into administration including the aforementioned Russ Stevenson , So much for your advice!!!
+Google David Reid world wide - oddly very similar stories.
+Yes Mcdonalds have failures but so far David Reid has 100% loss of Franchisees since I was involved and yes i am intouch with a lot of them and yes they have all lost their life savings, true due dilligence people
+David Reid In The Supreme Court
+I will be fighting the scumbag David Reid in the Supreme Court at somepoint in 2012 for the return of over $3m that was paid for a business dressed up with false accounting and representations that were misleading. Although the evidence is over whelming and compounded by the fact Reid effectively financed people into the business there are no guarantee's that any monies will be recovered. If you are a ex-franchisee that has been burnt by this scam then I am very sorry for what you have been through. My own family have faced a similar experience (which will no doubt give a lot of posters on this site some comfort) so I have complete empathy for anyone that has lost money and regret ever becoming involved with this scam.
+If you would like to have your day in court and give evidence against this scumbag let me know, at present we have around 20 witnesses although not everyone was a franchisee. Any money recovered will be split amoungst the franchisee's as a percentage of their losses. I will not be taking a cent as have no interest in the money, I just what to stop this lowlife ever operating in Australia again. Raising the standard my arse!
+Open Letter To Craig Graug and the David Reid Homes Franchisees
+Craig
+I called Brent Vincent as you suggested to find out what he meant by me ‘f*cking you over’. I can’t imagine this statement popped up on its own so let’s just revisit the facts.
+After just 3 months of running David Reid Homes Brisbane South you were running out of cash, you did not have a building licence, project manager, display home, staff or premises. I could see you were going to be bankrupt in no time and allowed you to become a shareholder and director in my company which had staff, display home, premises and obviously a building licence.
+I not only allowed you to run the company (foolishly) I paid you in excess of $100k a year out of my own pocket and gave you all the perks, car, phone etc. When the company required more cash you reneged on your promise to inject your share as you could no longer borrow the money. I ended up putting all addition cash into the company to keep it afloat and pay everyone’s wages including your own. Meanwhile, I never took a cent out of the company either for the work I performed, rent on the 2 display homes I built or the office premises you worked from that I also owned.
+You contributed very little yet took high wages from me each week, when things became dire you refused to help and jumped ship resigning as a director and leaving me to clear up the mess you left behind. By doing this you managed to avoid the fate of most other franchise owners that were conned by the smoke and mirrors that camouflaged the David Reid Homes Scam.
+May I suggest you call Brent & Kelly Vincent on 0422 204 010 and let them know the truth. The truth is, whatever you paid the scumbag David Reid you effectively got back from me. Out of everyone, you have little to complain about.
+Regards
+Russ Stephens
+David Reid
+David Reid was still at the helm when we became Franchisees. A large number of misrepresenatations (including how well the existing franchisees were doing) came out of his mouth.
+Updated Research on CBD and Bipolar with a Comprehensive Review
+6 million people in the US.
+It's a tremendous amount of suffering.
+Maybe second only to schizophrenia in terms of the sheer torment.
+Interestingly, there's are shared pathways there which we'll get into below.
+More importantly, new research is starting to unravel what's happening both in the brain, the gut, and the immune system (yes, the immune system).
+There are even some new avenues on reducing suffering in a field with very little improvement for 50 years.
+New research on how lithium really works sheds light on one key avenue...neurogenesis, which we'll discuss below.
+Clues abound which we'll get into such as:
+- Why are people with bipolar 3 ½ times more likely to have migraines?
+- Why do the inflammatory markers spike during episodes?
+- How can the level of certain hormones predict episodes 3 days prior?
+- Why are women 22 times more likely to be diagnosed after pregnancy?
+Of course, that dovetails into CBD which we'll spend some amount of time on.
+Here are the categories we'll cover:
+- New research on what causes bipolar
+- Bipolar and the brain
+- Bipolar and neurotransmitters
+- Bipolar and hormones
+- Bipolar and the gut
+- Bipolar and inflammation (the gut!!)
+- Bipolar and sleep
+- The genetics of bipolar
+- Current medications for bipolar
+- Neurogenesis and bipolar (BDNF, serotonin, etc)
+- The endocannabinoid system and bipolar
+- Research on CBD and bipolar
+- How much CBD for bipolar
+- The best CBD for bipolar
+Like we said..thorough. We're not messing around.
+Let's get started.
+New research on what causes bipolar
+There is a clear genetic risk for bipolar which we'll cover in a later section but that's not the whole story.
+The more fascinating research centers on a system most would not have expected just a few decades ago.
+The immune system.
+There were already clues for both schizophrenia and bipolar with early exposure to viral infections even in utero.
+Look at this recent NIH headline:
+Flu in pregnancy may quadruple the child’s risk for bipolar disorder.
+We've looked at this in detail at our CBD and neuroinflammation review since it's something we can actually work on.
+The immune system is now becoming a shining star in mental health across the board.
+New studies are seeing the actual effects directly:
+Microglia, immune cells in the brain, play important roles in the process of brain inflammation, and recent positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown microglial overactivation in the brain of patients with various psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder (3–8).).-,Microglia%2C%20immune%20cells%20in%20the%20brain%2C%20play%20important%20roles%20in,disorder%20(3%E2%80%938).
+Microglia are fascinating. Yes, they are the brain's immune system sentinels but they do so much more.
+What's the connection with bipolar disease?
+They are intimately tied into the modeling of brain networks!
+The birth and death of neurons and connections fall under their sway.
+So what happens if early infection "primes" them to be overactive?
+Damage. Tissue loss. Impaired connectivity.
+This may be the shared lineage that bipolar shares with schizophrenia which both have signs of brain areas being impaired.
+As we mentioned, there's a genetic part of the risk (true with everything) and some of those genes directly mirror the ability of the brain to repair and rebuild.
+This is needed if the immune system is going scorched earth (very similar to autoimmune diseases).
+Even lithium's trick appears to be in support of repair and rebuilding.
+We'll touch on all of that at our neurogenesis section below.
+There are many ways we can support that pathway including CBD.
+A great deal of this appears in certain parts of the brain.
+Let's go there now.
+Bipolar and the brain
+We have to introduce you to the prefrontal cortex.
+It's the part of your brain right behind the forehead and it's what makes humans human.
+Think of it as your rational brain...as opposed to your "reptilian" brain in the back which much older evolutionarily speaking.
+Certain parts of this brain area are implicated in bipolar episodes and risk.
+These areas are tied in with impulse control, decision making, and restraining emotional areas of the brain.
+Think of them as gates. Information comes from more emotional and let's say "primitive" parts of the brain.
+The role of the prefrontal cortex is to determine whether to act on those or not!
+This same relationship appears strongly with anxiety (amygdala overwhelms the prefrontal cortex). See CBD and mechanisms of anxiety.
+Those signals can very well be for sex, gambling, risk-taking, drug use, etc.
+If the prefrontal cortex is impaired as a result of trauma, overactive immune response, or an inability to constantly (meaning by the second) repair, manic episodes can result.
+One more stop before your eyes glaze over but it's a critical one.
+To the hub of mood control (sounds relevant).
+The hippocampus. New research is really pointing to this area as critical to bipolar disease.
+Even the little power supplies called the mitochondria here are showing signs:
+for about 80% of the bipolar patients, hippocampal mitochondria were smaller than even the smallest of the control subjects’ mitochondria
+This means the hippocampus may not be keeping up and that's not good since it's also the most vulnerable part of the brain due to its plasticity or "changeability" needed for memory (it's the seat of memory as well).
+With time, the actual volume of this mood control sub-unit starts to decrease:
+A new study found that a volume decrease in certain parts of the hippocampus, a brain region known for mood and memory processing, is linked to bipolar disorder.
+Just remember that for when we discuss CBD and hippocampus neurogenesis (building brain!) below.
+We can now look at the messengers of this wave of mania to understand the rebound effect (depressive episodes).
+Here's where it gets interesting and maybe, actionable.
+Bipolar and neurotransmitters
+It's been known that there are imbalances with key neurotransmitters bipolar episodes.
+The main suspects:
+- Serotonin - a master regulator of behavior and brain activity (see CBD and serotonin)
+- Dopamine - a driver of focus and drive - the reward circuit manager (see CBD and dopamine)
+- Glutamate - the brain's gas pedal - you can't have a manic episode without it (see CBD and glutamate).
+- Acetylcholine - Currency of the prefrontal cortex AND the rest/digest part of our autonomic system (see CBD affects acetylcholine).
+There are genetic risks associated with how serotonin and dopamine process in the brain for bipolar so that's an interesting clue.
+These are all interwoven and finely tuned pathways so too much or too little of any is bad news.
+While norepinephrine metabolite levels are normal during mania, other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin have all been implicated in manic and hypomanic episodes, as well as in the depressive symptoms that follow..
+The key is not only balance but balance across different brain areas.
+For example, schizophrenia shows too much dopamine to the striatum (also implicated with bipolar) and too little in the prefrontal cortex.
+Read up on our dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine reviews.
+It becomes clear that a surge in these would be debilitating.
+These are also finite pathways. A prolonged surge in dopamine or serotonin would result in a rebound effect...either by the brain trying to offset the surge or temporary depletion.
+We see these effects across almost every pathway. It's the anxiety after alcohol consumption (depletion of GABA and serotonin). It's the basis for withdrawal symptoms for addictive drugs (see CBD and addiction or CBD and withdrawals).
+Even migraines are constriction of blood vessels following a surge in dilation. The brain and body can overcompensate!
+If you stare at a red dot for too long on a white screen, you'll see the imprint when you look away.
+Until the chemicals needed for that color rise back up.
+Exhaustion of serotonin will feel like….depression. Exhaustion of dopamine? Well, you can't get out of bed.
+That's the short term effect, however. Long term, cumulative manic episodes cause actual damage.
+Glutamate is the most finely tuned neurotransmitter since it's the means to every action.
+The "gas pedal" if you will.
+Here's the issue...too much glutamate for too long is toxic to neurons. Bipolar is marked by cumulative damage to certain brain areas and glutamate definitely underlies this effect.
+While research on glutamatergic homeostasis in mood disorders has associated bipolar disorder with excessive levels of glutamate, depressive disorders are thought to show reduced glutamate neurotransmission.
+Homeostasis means balance.
+See how there's a surge of glutamate followed by a drop?
+How do we know this?
+The studies on NAC (N acetylcysteine) point the way.
+We did a full review on NAC since it's so exciting for mental health and addiction.
+Basically, it supports the detox system (glutathione) but more importantly for this topic, it acts like a sponge for excess glutamate.
+There are big studies going on here but some of the initial trials show promise especially for the mania side:
+Fourteen individuals were available for this report, seven in each group. Six people achieved full remission of both depressive and manic symptoms in the NAC group; this was true for only two people in the placebo group (χ(2)=4.67, p=0.031).
+Another study looked at NAC and aspirin (inflammation...hello! Immune system response!)
+Following a 16-week treatment period, NAC + aspirin was associated with a higher probability of treatment response (67%) compared to placebo (55%), NAC (57%), and aspirin (33%).
+Interesting...bring down oxidative stress, soak up excess glutamate, and reduce inflammation.
+It takes time for NAC to work but it's safe, cheap, and readily available here.
+Again, check out the NAC review which also touches on addiction, unfortunately, a key issue with bipolar.
+Then there's acetylcholine.
+We'll get into this more with the sleep section since it's a charge of the wake/sleep cycle but the prefrontal cortex (which is lacking or under duress from our immune system/glutamate) relies on acetylcholine.
+Studies are looking at supplementing choline to support this pathway with bipolar:
+Clinical improvement correlated with higher levels of choline in a part of the brain called the basal ganglia as measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
+Remember...what if the prefrontal cortex can't do its work to keep the more primitive and impulsive areas of our more ancient brain at bay.
+Acetylcholine, being the arbiter of prefrontal cortex function and dam against the fight/flight impulses figures into the mania piece:.
+Choline is also easy to supplement. Eggs and peanuts have it but Choline CDP is a great way to get it (available here).
+It's estimate 90% of the population has choline deficiencies.
+So...NAC and Choline CDP to start.
+Let's turn to another system which is incredibly important for women with bipolar.
+You'll see there are connections underpinning this.
+Bipolar and hormones
+For a subset of bipolar sufferers, this is a huge deal.
+This is usually applicable for women with extreme hormone fluctuations of men who readily turn testosterone into estrogen.
+You can get a Dutch test to see how your hormone levels are behaving.
+This is critical for women over age 40 (progesterone drops to half by then). It's actually how we found CBD - see Dre's story for her perimenopause hell story.
+Hormonal shifts are especially important for rapidly cycling bipolar.
+Researchers even found that blood levels of certain hormones could predict manic and depressive periods 3 days prior to the event!
+Another clue is the tie between bipolar episodes and periods of extreme hormone fluctuation such as pregnancy:
+women diagnosed with bipolar disorder are more than 23 times more likely to be admitted for reasons related to their bipolar disorder (e.g. depression, mania, etc.) during the first month after childbirth than during their actual pregnancy.
+A further tie between bipolar and complications of PMS cement this connection:
+There are links between PMS, monthly cycle, and worsening bipolar symptoms:
+22 to 77 percent of women with bipolar disorder met the criteria for premenstrual dysphoria, and 15 to 27 percent met the criteria for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
+Make sure to run the Dutch test and work with a naturopath. Most doctors will have no idea what you're talking about, unfortunately.
+Next stop...the gut.
+Bipolar and the gut
+This may seem like a strange departure but all roads to point to Rome and Rome is the gut for mental health these days.
+The most exciting studies deal more with the trillions of bacteria in our gut than our actual cells themselves.
+80% of your serotonin is made in your gut by bacteria. We saw above how serotonin is directly implicated in bipolar disease.
+There's a complicated orchestration between our gut and our brain directly affecting behavior.
+For example, the presence H Pylori (often suspected for ulcers) increases mood disorders including depression:
+We found that H pylori seropositivity was associated with 2.5 times higher odds of dysthymia among women
+Dysthymia just means a depressive episode.
+In fact, the numbers and types of bacteria found in gut have a direct effect on multiple numbers of mental health diseases including bipolar (BP):
+Decreased diversity of certain gut bacteria have been linked to ASD, BPD, depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
+The more interesting research looks at antibiotic and bipolar disease.
+In the study population, 7.7% of the patients with acute mania were found to be prescribed antibiotics.
+That was 7 times the level of people who did not display bipolar symptoms!
+Remember...the immune system figures large in risk.
+Then, we can look at the other side...probiotics or healthy bacteria strains.
+During that time, 50% of the patients required rehospitalization, but the rate was lower—by a factor of 3—in the probiotic group. A similar reduction was seen in the duration of hospital stays for patients who were given the probiotic.
+We can drill as far into this as you're willing to go.
+New research is pointing to the by-product of our gut and mood disorders such as bipolar.
+They are called propyl oligopeptides.
+Simply put:
+This peptidase has been associated with schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder, and related neuropsychiatric disorders, and therefore may have important clinical implications.
+Berberine is a known blocker of these (check out berberine review).
+Then there's the obvious connection:
+Patients with bipolar disorder exhibit an increased frequency of gastrointestinal illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease, which mechanistically has been linked to microbial community function.
+That link points to a wealth of information on the connection between gut health and bipolar.
+Really fascinating information!
+Check out our look at CBD and gut bacteria or CBD and gut barrier health.
+Speaking of which...inflammation in our gut leads directly to inflammation throughout the body via a leaky gut barrier.
+Let's go there now.
+Bipolar and inflammation (the gut!!)
+There's a great book called The Inflamed Brain by Edward Buller. We recommend it for anyone with bipolar (or a brain for that matter).
+This is the direction of mental health and it dovetails with almost everything we discussed above.
+Guess where the scales of inflammation reside? The immune system.
+And the gut is a strong determinant in which way that scale is tilting.
+As an eye-opener, look at the list of triggers here:
+All have something in common. Stress! Acute or chronic stress.
+Our body's response to stress is inflammation.
+If your skin is stressed (by infection, injury, allergies, etc) the effects are obvious.
+Redness. Inflamed. Swelling. Etc.
+But what if your nervous system or the brain itself is stressed?
+What's the symptom?
+The new theory is that many of our psychiatric issues are inflammation of the brain and the central nervous system.
+One of the big triggers for bipolar episodes is a disruption in sleep.
+A recent study showed that lack of sleep looks just like acute anxiety in scans.
+Stress leads to inflammation and guess what carries out the orders from our microglia and immune system in response?
+Glutamate...the very thing that can fry out the prefrontal cortex when too high for too long:
+Studies show that inflammatory agents in the cross the blood-brain barriers:
+Inflammation has also been found to play a major role in glutamatergic neurotransmission involved in mood regulation in depression and bipolar disorder.4-6
+Inflammation revs the engine and glutamate is the gas pedal.
+In fact, this glutamate activity at the NMDA may be part of the cascading imbalance in serotonin (which drives dopamine):
+Imbalances in the metabolites of kynurenine which serve as either N-methyl-D aspartate agonists or antagonists and decreased serotonin production, in turn, may contribute to the onset of manic and depressive symptoms."
+Let's translate that because it's really interesting.
+Basically, chemicals that drive glutamate pathways specific to serotonin are off-balance prior to episodes.
+Researchers have looked at supplementing tryptophan (the precursor to serotonin) for bipolar:
+Taking the amino acid L-tryptophan 2–3 gm/day or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) 25 to 100 mg up to three times a day may have beneficial effects on anxiety associated with mania.
+We covered tryptophan in detail here since it may act as a buffer for social stress.
+Sound pertinent?
+Let's drill directly into the agents of inflammation. Cytokines.
+Is there a connection with bipolar? A smoking gun per se?
+The clues are everywhere across studies but a quick look:
+The concentrations of IL-4, TNF-α, sTNFR1, and sIL-2R were significantly higher in BD patients in comparison with controls.
+Those are all cytokines...little immune assassins.
+The fascinating part is this:
+The immune changes already observed in euthymia are enhanced during mania (Table 2) and depressive state
+Think about that...the already existing spike in inflammation gets worse during episodes.
+We would expect to see this relationship if there was any kind of connection.
+Oxidative stress is a different type of inflammation. It's driven by a separate pathway to remove free radicals that are produced as a waste product from our energy sites (mitochondria).
+It's equally implicated:
+Several studies have reported that patients with bipolar disorder have significant alterations in antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels, such as increased lipid peroxidation and increased NO levels.
+This is where NAC and glutathione (our primary way to remove oxidative stress) comes into play.
+Remember the study on NAC (supports anti-oxidant) and aspirin? That's oxidation and inflammation.
+CBD and neuroinflammation is also critical.
+We're getting there...now on to the interesting connection with sleep. It holds a clue!
+Bipolar and sleep
+There's a known issue with circadian clocks and bipolar.
+This is the internal clock that governs cycles including the sleep-wake cycle.
+In fact…
+During mania or hypomania, sleep disruptions are commonly presented as a reduced need for sleep with studies finding that 69%–99% of bipolar individuals report a lessened need for sleep during a manic episode or difficulties in falling and/or staying asleep.
+Interesting. Serotonin figures into sleep modeling, acetylcholine is key for wakefulness and REM sleep while dopamine gets to the heart of it:
+Dopamine (basal ganglia) seems to regulate sleep-wake states and helps control when we enter each..
+There are actual genes which govern our circadian rhythms and variants of these genes are popping up for bipolar risk.
+For example…
+Findings suggest that mice with an altered CLOCK gene (eg, a deletion of exon 19) demonstrate manic-like behaviors, increased hyperactivity, reduced need for sleep, and heightened reward-seeking behaviors
+Why bring this all up? What can we do about it?
+There's interesting new information surrounding vitamin D levels, acetylcholine and sleep.
+This may speak to the following:
+vitamin D deficiency was found to be 4.7 times more common in a population of 320 outpatients with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder compared with the Dutch general population
+We'll look at CBD's effect on sleep below but clearly, this is a critical component for bipolar.
+A quick stop at the gene store.
+The genetics of bipolar
+There's new insight all the time on the genetic front which speaks to half the equation (versus environment).
+There are four broad family of genes with higher implications:
+- Serotonin transporters
+- Dopamine transporters
+- Neurotropics - BDNF, NCAM, etc which repair/replenish and build brain connections
+- Circadian clock - CLOCK, etc
+- These all figure into everything we've described above.
+Balancing serotonin and dopamine are critical concerns (we'll see CBD's effect below) but supporting repair (BDNF) may be the magic bullet.
+There are a few ways to bolster that function which we'll get into with the neurogenesis section.
+Remember how the immune system (via its microglia sentinels) can become overactive?
+This results in too much "paring" back of the brain's dense connective jungle.
+BDNF is on the other side of this frantically trying to rebuild and create new connections.
+All the exciting new research (psilocybin, CBD, ketamine, etc) address this and even some old standbys (lithium).
+Speaking of which, let's get into the medication front.
+Current medications for bipolar
+You currently have five general classes of medications for bipolar:
+- Mood stabilizers like lithium
+- Anti-psychotic medications
+- Anti-convulsants
+- Antidepressants
+- Anti-histamines
+Let's start with the other classes before jumping into lithium and the new suite of mood stabilizers.
+Anticonvulsants primarily focus on glutamate and GABA levels which makes sense as we've seen above.
+Glutamate (excess) is definitely an issue (see CBD and glutamate) and anticonvulsants bring its level down. Or they raise GABA (like benzos do - see CBD versus benzos).
+Seizures are essentially the result of too much glutamate.
+Next up, antidepressants.
+SSRIs are the main class there and they essentially increase serotonin.
+This is tricky since a surge of serotonin may be part of the mix with bipolar but the backside, the resulting depression probably reflects a drop in serotonin.
+Check out CBD versus SSRI or how do SSRIs really work (hmm hmm...neurogenesis).
+Antipsychotics generally work by depressing dopamine. We saw above how dopamine can surge during mania phases which isn't surprising since serotonin governs dopamine (and all behavior for that matter).
+Check out CBD and schizophrenia to look at this class in more detail.
+Finally, mood stabilizers like Lithium.
+Get ready to really be surprise. How on earth do substances like this improve complicated and multifaceted diseases like bipolar?
+Brain repair. Neurogenesis.
+Yes, it may feel like a wet blanket but the real means of action is to spur repair and re-connectivity in the brain.
+Remember, whether it's overactive immune response, excess glutamate, or other trauma that's literally damaging connections in the brain or overrruning the prefrontal cortex (needed to keep impulses in check), there's an entire construction crew that's trying to keep up with the damage.
+It's like a hurricane that just keeps hitting the town.
+Lithium brings in backup workers and supplies to repair.
+Lithium would act by limiting or reversing disease progression directly associated with the activation of neurotrophic effects; these have been widely described in studies evaluating targets such as neurotransmitters, second messengers, signaling pathways, hormones, neurotrophic factors, ion channels, organelles, genes, and others.
+That's a mouthful but the key word is "neurotrophic" effects.
+Neurotrophic literally means brain builder.
+What a great segue...let's meet our #1 neurotrophic.
+Neurogenesis and bipolar (BDNF, serotonin, etc)
+This may be the most important section of this entire review especially since it's something we can actually act upon.
+First, a quick pit stop.
+SSRI's boost serotonin which is the # 1 drug class for depression.
+How do they really work?
+It turns out that serotonin is a major proponent of BDNF, our brain's fertilizer.
+In fact, when researchers block out BDNF, SSRI's lose their effect.
+This is why it takes a few weeks for them to work.
+Again, check out how SSRIs really work or CBD versus SSRIs.
+CBD has a powerful effect on serotonin which we'll look at below.
+Back to the heavy lifter...BDNF.
+This is really the gem behind psilocybin, ketamine, and yes...CBD.
+BDNF drives brain repair and growth. It's key to keeping up with the damage we gone to great lengths to describe above for bipolar.
+In fact, a gene variant on the BNDF gene (too little activity) is a known risk for bipolar. As are other "neurotrophics".
+This may be why some people can be subject to influenza in the 2nd trimester or trauma during critical times of brain development and not get bipolar later.
+Robust BDNF and serotonin pathways.
+Remember...serotonin drives BDNF. Serotonin also drives dopamine function (partially).
+Yes, it's genes are also implicated.
+This whole brain repair milieu is going to be the hot topic of the next decade for mental health, addiction, degenerative diseases like dementia, and just good brain health.
+- Mindful meditation and exercise both drive BDNF (see mindful meditation and exercise here).
+- Psilocybin (which will replace antidepressants in our opinion) are an explosion in BDNF.
+And yes...CBD boosts it as well (See CBD and BDNF or CBD and hippocampus neurogenesis).
+We'll get to CBD.
+One last stop before we get there.
+The endocannabinoid system and bipolar
+We all have one. It dates back to about 600 million years ago.
+This naturally occurring system is tasked with balancing other key systems:
+- Endocrine system - hormones such as estrogen (see CBD and perimenopause mood swings)
+- Nervous system - neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate
+- Immune system - cytokines and inflammatory agents plus microglia
+Okay..did we just list the who's who of bipolar suspects?
+The endocannabinoid system is responsible for homeostasis or balance across the intertwined and powerful pathways.
+In fact, a gene tied to this system is implicated in bipolar. It's location is very insightful.
+There are two main receptors CB1 and CB2. CB1 is mainly in the nervous system.
+This is where THC from cannabis has it's psychoactive effect (which CBD counters - see CBD versus THC).
+Where was the gene tied to bipolar?
+results suggest that CB2 cannabinoid receptor may play a role in BD.
+CB2 is primarily tied to the immune system. Interesting.
+Remember...overactive immune response...essentially autoimmune but in our brain.
+We can't go into this system at it would take an entire review but it's deeply involved in the three systems intimately tied to bipolar.
+Let's finally meet an agent that works within this system.
+Research on CBD and bipolar
+CBD works within the endocannabinoid system above but its function is very interesting.
+Where most substances (such as THC) push in one direction, CBD works more like a feedback mechanism.
+This is especially true for serotonin.
+Technically, it's called an allosteric negative modulator but this really means that it sends a signal backwards from neuron to neuron. Feedback!!
+This is important as it speaks to why we don't have overdoses and its greatest strength.
+A balancing effect.
+Let's get into it.
+We'll cover the main categories we discussed above for bipolar disease:
+- CBD and serotonin for bipolar
+- CBD and dopamine for bipolar
+- CBD and glutamate for bipolar
+- CBD and neurogenesis for bipolar
+- CBD and bipolar research
+Let's get started...lots to cover.
+CBD and serotonin for bipolar
+Let's start with the big one. The master regulator of all human behavior.
+Brand new research is showing that depletion in serotonin at the hippocampus (a critical gate for mood and mood disorders) may be the driver manic episodes.
+These observations suggest that severely impaired 5-HT transmission could lead to a maladaptive increase in synaptic plasticity and dysphoric behavioural conditions that could underlie manic-like states.
+Basically, serotonin plunges and the hippocampus starts to short circuit which leads to manic states.
+This was reversed with valproic acid (which just happens to be the basis for a popular class of mood stabilizers).
+So...what about CBD and serotonin?
+This may be its most powerful effect.
+There are multiple studies on CBD's effect on serotonin balancing but a key one based on what we just read:
+CBD induces analgesia predominantly through TRPV1 activation, reduces anxiety through 5-HT1A receptor activation, and rescues impaired 5-HT neurotransmission under neuropathic pain conditions.
+Researchers essentially depleted serotonin via an injury (serotonin is tied with pain sensitivity).
+CBD treatment "rescues" impaired 5-HT (serotonin) pathways.
+Goodness...it's exactly what we would hope for based on the prior study.
+There's are many studies showing how CBD "normalizes", "rescues" etc.
+Some are specific to depression since serotonin is tied to this (via the BDNF effect above).
+The key is that it doesn't just push serotonin up in one direction or we would see serotonin syndrome (see CBD and serotonin syndrome).
+You can learn all about CBD and serotonin function here with many other studies. Serotonin is fascinating - well worth the read.
+Serotonin drives the next big player so let's go there.
+CBD and dopamine for bipolar
+Imbalances in dopamine are written all over bipolar disease.
+A surge is intimately tied to the mania side.
+As researchers found:
+Converging findings from pharmacological and imaging studies support the hypothesis that a state of hyperdopaminergia, specifically elevations in D2/3 receptor availability and a hyperactive reward processing network, underlies mania.
+We did a full review on CBD and dopamine since it's so critical to addiction and mental health (intimately connected).
+We can look to CBD and schizophrenia for guidance here.
+It's even trickier since there is too much dopamine to one area (striatum - also implicated in bipolar) and not enough to the prefrontal cortex (we discussed above in detail).
+The antipsychotics, many are the same for bipolar, suppress dopamine function and only address half the equation (striatum and the so-called "positive" symptoms).
+Check out the review of CBD and schizophrenia. Both the positive and negative symptoms were affected!
+Think about that for a second...two different brain areas. Two different directions.
+This gets back to the mechanism at play...the endocannabinoid system which is tasked with balancing neurotransmitters and CBD's feedback mechanism on dopamine's upstream regulator...serotonin.
+The CBD and dopamine or CBD and schizophrenia go into the research on this system.
+It's also critical to our CBD and addiction review since dopamine drives addiction and the reward circuit.
+Next up...the gas pedal to all pathways.
+CBD and glutamate for bipolar
+Glutamate is the new star for mental health.
+Researchers originally thought it was just a basic unit of action for the brain but it's now regarded as a bonafide neurotransmitter.
+Much of the cumulative, long-term damage from bipolar episodes may be due to excess glutamate.
+It's toxic to neurons and can damage areas of the brain when too high, too often.
+The mania phase is driven by a surge in glutamate and both hyperactive immune responses and inflammation drive glutamate levels.
+What about CBD there?
+We've covered it in detail at our CBD and glutamate or CBD and GABA (the brake pedal).
+CBD is showing the same effect of supporting balance in this key pathway.
+Look no further than conditions directly tied to this system such as seizures (how CBD originally came to fame) or anxiety (the benzos directly increase GABA - see CBD versus benzos for anxiety).
+Simply put::
+We cover the research in detail at the reviews above and you can learn more about CBD and hyperactive immune response or CBD and inflammation as well.
+Finally, the most important piece (after the do no harm balancing of the above pathways).
+Repair!
+CBD and neurogenesis for bipolar
+Remember that lithium primarily works by spurring repair and regrowth in areas damaged by the sudden swings of chemistry that accompanies (or creates) bipolar episodes.
+In fact, most things that "work" rely on this pathway as well.
+- SSRI's? Yes, neurogenesis although with side effects and diminishing results due to tolerance
+- Mindful meditation - neurogenesis
+- Exercise - neurogenesis
+- Psilocybin - neurogenesis
+- Ketamine - neurogenesis
+- Cognitive behavior therapy?? Yes, slow motion neurogenesis
+This is THE brain's way to heal. Point blank.
+What about CBD here? We know that CBD supports serotonin recovery and serotonin supports BDNF, our brain's fertilizer. You'll want to get to know BDNF...it's going become a primetime player shortly.
+Also, remember the hippocampus which loses actual volume with bipolar?
+There's lots of research on this now:
+These findings support that the anxiolytic effect of chronic CBD administration in stressed mice depends on its proneurogenic action in the adult hippocampus by facilitating endocannabinoid-mediated signalling.
+Chronically stressed....this could easily stand in for hyperactive immune response or trauma or periods of excess glutamate.
+Remember that the hippocampus is very vulnerable since it's so malleable (due to memory requirements).
+Another study in adults:
+CBD induced a substantial increase in net neurogenesis by a CB1 receptor-dependent mechanism
+What about the prefrontal cortex? Remember that it's not keeping up with controlling impulses via the striatum (dopamine rush).
+This may be our favorite sentence in this whole review:
+Cannabidiol Induces Rapid and Sustained Antidepressant-Like Effects Through Increased BDNF Signaling and Synaptogenesis in the Prefrontal Cortex
+Let's break it down because it's too cool.
+CBD created an antidepressant effect (see CBD and depression) by boosting BDNF (brain's fertilizer - our Holy Grail) and created new connections in...the prefrontal cortex.
+Goodness. We can drop mic there.
+Read more on CBD and hippocampus neurogenesis or CBD and brain repair.
+Again, this may be its greatest trick by far for mental health.
+Let's look at research available.
+CBD and bipolar research
+We've covered the components of bipolar with a focus on the neurotransmitters and brain areas involved.
+We do not have large, well-carried out studies on CBD and bipolar directly unfortunately.
+Better studies have been carried out on schizophrenia which has the closest relationship to bipolar of the mental health issues (both genetic and risk based):
+With an odds ratio of 10 considered a strong comorbid association, the ratio of 14 for schizophrenia to be comorbid with unipolar disorders and 46 for bipolar disorder denote a strong, highly significant association between schizophrenia and mood disorders..
+For now, we'll have to look at those studies since they also reflect imbalances in dopamine, glutamate, and similar brain areas (striatum and prefrontal cortex).
+The study which really sent a shock through the research community had the following result:
+Our favorite study deals with a study that showed CBD "reset" the brain and normalized activity (on scans) for people who were pre-psychotic:
+In this investigation comparing 33 individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis who were part of a double-blind randomized clinical trial and 19 healthy control individuals, a single oral dose of cannabidiol modulated activation in the striatum, medial temporal cortex, and midbrain.
+This is profound and the areas affects are directly in line of fire for bipolar disease.
+Furthermore, the levels after a dose of CBD resembled those of the healthy controls.
+In fact, they were deemed as no longer being high risk for psychotic break (which is how they started).
+This is one study and there are newer ones at our CBD and schizophrenia review.
+It should be front page news considering the suffering involved but it's not.
+We look forward to the studies directly on CBD and bipolar.
+They will likely need to longer term (remember, there's cumulative damage with bipolar) and at a correct dose.
+We actually have some research on that front.
+How much CBD for bipolar
+Let's circle back to the what we described as the most important part to this review.
+Neurogenesis.
+Although the studies on acute psychosis were at 600-800mg of CBD, neurogenesis appears to peak at around 300 mg of CBD daily.
+Beyond that, other pathways are turned on. It's still there...but not as robust.
+This would lend to a higher dose for periods of acute swings with longer term amounts at 300 mg between.
+We see this with addiction withdrawal symptoms as well.
+Exercise, mindful meditation, and NAC are also powerful tools. Really read the NAC and mental health review. It's safe, available, and impressive.
+Research we've looked at point to 8-16 weeks for NAC to really kick in (again, it's brain repair) and CBD can have an initial response right away with neurogenesis being long term.
+What about the best type of CBD.
+The best CBD for bipolar
+Some basic requirements are mandatory.
+- Organically grown in the US at FDA registered farms
+- 3rd party tested
+- No THC - THC can actually make things worse
+- No Heavy Metals
+- No Solvents
+- No Pesticides
+- No Bacteria
+- No Mold
+We test our CBD twice.
+Next up is the question of CBD isolate versus full spectrum.
+First, all the research is on CBD by itself...isolate. That's why we focus on isolate.
+More importantly, 40-60% of the population has histamine or allergy issues.
+This goes up for women and higher as we get older.
+In fact, since there may be an immune system hyperactivation angle to bipolar disease, the last thing we want is an irritant for that system.
+There's a good analysis of the different "types" of bipolar here including histamine related
+Finally, let's look at common medications for bipolar disorder like Seroquel.
+Guess what their effect is on the histamine system….
+They're anti-histamines!
+Again, we want clean CBD isolate. No flavors. Plant material. Etc.
+Finally, there's the cost.
+If studies are pointing to 600-800 mg for acute issues and 300 mg for long term neurogenesis, we have to be able to afford this.
+That's why we price our 6000 mg bottle at the lowest we can find on the market BEFORE various discount options up to 30%.
+We've been there (see founders story here) and if there's a better way to avoid suffering, we want people to have it.
+Always work with a doctor or naturopath with any supplement!
+The information provided here is not intended to treat an illness or substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare provider.
+In the first of a two-part series, Emma Connolly and Brian Moore spoke to local business people about how they are coping in the current crisis, in both their professional and personal lives
+Gavin & Michelle Moore, Monks Lane bar and restaurant, Timoleague
+INITIALLY we were shell shocked by the thought of closing down the restaurant and horrified by the repercussions for ourselves, the business, staff, suppliers, and community in general. But it is the right thing to do for the moment and you realise pretty quickly that there is no room or use for self-pity and many, many people are in the same or much worse situations.
+While there are no positives for the business out of this, maybe when the dust settles there might be lessons and positives for communities and society at large. We will probably have to re-evaluate how we exist to some degree, and examine the pace of life and globalised excess that has become our norm. We all know the constant drive of commerce and consumption is not good for the planet, turns out it’s not good for humans either. Hopefully a more localised, community centred way of life will be born of all this ... but who knows?
+Ruth Field, Field’s
+SuperValu, Skibbereen
+Our coffee shop has closed and its staff have been redeployed to the main shop. All our staff are flat to the mat and are putting in a huge effort and immense hours. We’ve also had lots of offers of help from the community, for example, if we need extra drivers. What we have realised, though, is how lucky we are to be in an area so rich in food production. We bake our own bread so we are in full control of that. But eggs, yoghurts, cheese, fish and more are all on our own doorstep. Nationally, the supply chain is holding up, but there are gaps. For example, the only eggs we have at the moment are locally-supplied eggs, and the same for potatoes. And when people were panic buying, it was these local suppliers who ramped it up for us.
+Personally, I have four children aged 14, 13, nine and eight and it is difficult. My mum was my back-up childminder. This is also the first time my dad John has been off the floor for so long in his entire life.
+I spent Mother’s Day in the shop packing groceries and answering phones, which we don’t normally do on a Sunday, but these are the days we’re in and we have to try to remain positive.
+Liz Bryan, Bandon
+community activist
+PRESENTLY, and I speak only of today as we can only take things day by day, I’m lucky enough to still be able to go to work. I work in the accounts department of my brother’s business Sentinel Fire & Security. There are three of us in the office – my mum, who now works from home, and another lady who is now also working from home, due to childcare issues related to this.
+My husband and I erred on the side of caution and pulled our boys from school and pre-school two weeks prior to the schools’ closure, as our youngest son has a blood disorder. He was, and is, our priority. My in-laws are the primary careers for them while we work. Our households are one unit which allows this.
+But there is no doubt in my mind that Covid-19 will lead to another recession. It may well be the case that some may not even open again as the financial loss will take its toll.
+The Bandon Business Association (BBA) are trying to stay as pro-active and positive via social media and although we have taken the decision to cancel the Marvel Marquee in September, we assure you we have plans in the pipeline to uplift the spirits in our community once again in autumn/winter and we will be back with a bang for 2021.
+I’ll remind you of our BBA motto ‘Stronger Together’ ... as families making responsible choices, as a business association and as a community ... we will rally around and support each other once again when this has passed over.
+Raymond Kelleher, Clonakilty resident & head of marketing, Trigon Hotels
+I HAVE been working in the hospitality industry for the past 23 years and the current situation with the coronavirus is the scariest that I have been exposed to during all my years. My industry, that I love and cherish, has been decimated. So many hotels are now temporarily closed as are all pubs, clubs and restaurants, but it’s more far reaching that this – it’s the suppliers to our industry, not just food, beverage, linen, but media outlets too, where advertising revenues have stopped pretty much overnight. Everything is on hold at the moment. There are new adjustments for us all, for me it’s spending a lot of time at home in Clonakilty, becoming a part-time house husband, looking after the kids, but also keeping an eye on our business while working remotely.
+Personally, I’m out walking all the time, some jobs I had put on hold for the house will finally get done and I plan to do some voluntary work locally. I always said I have the best of both worlds working in Cork city by day, and living in Clonakilty by night, now Clonakilty is both day and night and for the moment that’s okay by me.
+Helen Wycherley,
+director, Celtic Ross
+Hotel, Rosscarbery
+As each day passed things got quieter for our family-owned Celtic Ross Hotel. Every day was a challenge for the staff dealing with the loss of future business and managing the day-to-day Covid-19 restrictions. They stepped up at every hurdle. The business was not sustainable and for the safety of our staff and their families, we closed from March 17th for the foreseeable future. I do have work commitments, which I can manage. But I am now home every day. The days are long. I am disappointed my son won’t get to perform in Feis Maitiu, he has been practising so much. I am sad my four-year-old didn’t get her big party she had been requesting for months. My two-year-old is delighted with all the attention at home! I am thankful for the support from family, friends, and my Network Ireland colleagues. I miss their physical presence greatly.
+I believe in routine. Getting out for fresh air is essential. I do not trawl endlessly through social media. I know I will not get it right on the parenting front. I know everything will be challenging.
+Once our employees and my own extended family are okay, I’ll be okay too.
+Thomas Coomey and Denis Crowley, Jagged Edge hair salon, Clonakilty
+IN our industry, it is impossible to practise social distancing so on March 14th we made the tough decision to close the salon. It was a very emotional day for all 12 of us who work together, but thanks to our messenger group Jagged Edgers, we still get our daily dose of laughs.
+We are lucky to have wonderful staff and clientele who have been very loyal to us. The number of messages of support (and frantic messages about grey roots) from the people of Clonakilty has been amazing. From a personal point of view, it is very difficult to stay away from people, particularly our parents and grandmother but we know this is the kindest thing we can do for them. To end on a positive note, we are so lucky to live in a very beautiful part of the world. The legs are literally walked off our 2 dogs on the Timoleague to Courtmacsherry road.
+Remember to be kind to each other, be thankful for our front line staff and make sure elderly neighbours are looked after. PS #dontboxcolour
+Orla O’Donovan, Fig and Olive café, Clonakilty
+THE Fig and Olive café has been closed a week as I write this and I’m now at home full-time with my two young kids and my husband, who always works from home.
+Even though it upset me terribly to close, I am fully behind the decision. Being self-employed is an uncertain business at the best of times but Covid-19 takes this uncertainty to a whole new level and really just doing as we are told by the experts is our job for now. Along with some dodgy home schooling for the kids (teachers deserve a huge raise) I’m generally just trying to keep a bit active and just contenting myself at home. My heart goes out to families in cities in Italy where entire families are in lockdown and can’t leave their apartments.
+As chairperson of the Chamber of Commerce we are already working on a major voucher campaign to kick off trading in the town with huge incentives to shop locally. Clonakilty Will Prevail!
+Eileen O’Shea, Bantry Development & Tourism
+BANTRY, like the rest of the country, is coming to terms with this virus and the impact on the community. Many of our family run businesses are closed with the loss of employment and the loss of services. It’s difficult to come to terms with the change in our community in a matter of weeks.
+Bantry on the Wild Atlantic Way is the hub of West Cork so we hope as it passes it will make us in the industry stronger and get back to welcoming back our overseas and domestic visitors to our beautiful town. Bantry has great community spirit and we are blessed to have so many voluntary organisations that are helping and supporting us all now.
+We all have to help and support each other in any way we can and to take the necessary precautions needed to stop this terrible virus. We are all so grateful to all those people who work on the front line.
+TJ Sullivan, farmer and chairman of Carbery
+.
+Life has to go on and this will end. If we all dig deep this hopefully will happen sooner rather than later.
+Cows will still have to be milked, animals fed and farm work continues. Milk has to be collected and processed, along with all other essential services carried out by many dedicated frontline workers keeping us safe, warm, healthy and fed. Our kids were really excited and couldn’t wait to tell me when the school closed, but are now missing the company of their friends. It’s a small but necessary part they play at this time, when we all need to help each other more than we ever did by keeping our distance.
+Niamh Ni Dhrisceoil, school teacher
+I SHOULD be in Gaelcholáiste Choilm in Ballincollig but instead I’m at home on Cape Clear. Ordinarily this would be just another day, save for the fact that I am in the middle of teaching my 5th year Rang Ceimice (chemistry but through Irish) from my sitting room in gCléire and we are knee deep in a global crisis. I’ve just sent a Loom PowerPoint video I created this morning and once they have watched it, the virtual floor will open to questions and debate. We are very much in this together. And the ‘kids’ have been outstanding! I cannot praise them enough. They have rolled up their sleeves and have gotten stuck in just as much as we have. I’m so proud of them. These are worrying times for them, too. Their entire future will be shaped by the long-lasting effects this virus will leave in its wake.On Cléire we, too, are all playing our part. Social distancing is being adhered to. Isolation does not need equate to loneliness, however, and we are checking in on each other daily. Fresh air is important for us all and it is here in abundance. We rely heavily as a community on the tourist trade to sustain us financially through the long winter months. We had hoped that with our participation in the new Discover Ireland ad this year and our new distillery we would have a busier summer than we have had in quite some time. Ach is fearr an sláinte ná na táinte (your health is you wealth). We face many challenges in the coming months, locally, nationally and internationally, but there will be brighter days ahead.
+Fr Tom Hayes, parish priest, Enniskeane
+AT one level, a parish shivers with uncertainty and fear in the same way as the wider community does. But at a deeper level, for people connected with a faith community, there is an anchor that offers hope at this time.
+Almost everything in the parish has been affected. We don’t have regular masses in church, except for funerals, but I continue to offer mass privately and with a deep sense of connection to the people around me who are praying at home.
+Both the parish and the diocese at corkandross.org are doing our best to provide guidance and prayerful support to people who are so used to coming together for prayer and all the milestone events of life. Some of my time is going into putting resources online for people.
+We’ve also started to reach out to a virtual congregation by webcasting the mass online. It’s not the same, but it keeps us connected.
+I miss the regular station masses – the warmth of our congregations who come to mass and the lively sounds of the children from the local school. The efforts and energy of so many people to adjust and care is uplifting. That great spirit remains immune to any virus.
+Michael Scully,
+Clonakilty Distillery
+While we are still producing our whiskies and gin for our customers, both at home and abroad, we also have enough raw materials to make hand sanitiser for the next three weeks.
+This hand sanitiser is going to be distributed free to local charities and to others who need it at cost. Anyone who needs it can contact the distillery at [email protected]
+Subscribe to the Southern Star's YouTube channel, like us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter and Instagram for all the latest news and sport from West Cork.
+THE BIG IDEA:
+YOUNGSTOWN, Ohio.
+“I don’t have to make the case that blue collar voters are, to put it mildly, less than enthusiastic about HRC’s positions on trade and the economy,” David Betras wrote in his 1,300 word missive, citing her struggles in recent primaries.
+Donald Trump’s protectionist message was already resonating very strongly in this epicenter of the Rust Belt. Gov. John Kasich may have won Ohio’s Republican primary as a favorite son, but Trump whipped him in more than a dozen counties along the Ohio River. More than a quarter of the people who voted in the March Republican primary in Mahoning County were previously registered as Democrats. In fact, Betras had to kick 18 members off his own Democratic central committee for crossing over to back Trump.
+,.”
+Youngstown is the county seat of Mahoning County, which is home to about 232,000 people. The population was more 300,000 in the 1970s, but then the steel mills closed and the area has never really recovered. Obama won the county by 28 points in 2012, a larger margin than he had won it by in 2008. Clinton wound up carrying Mahoning by just three points. That is largely thanks to a sizable African American population. She lost neighboring counties that had not gone Republican since 1972. Even amidst his 1984 landslide, Ronald Reagan lost Mahoning by 18 points.
+Betras forwarded me a copy of his memo this weekend as we talked during The Ohio State University-Michigan State football game, which was playing on TV in the background. The Clinton campaign never responded, he said. “I tried,” Betras sighed, six months to the day after he sent it. “I should have yelled louder.”
+With a mix of sadness and anger, he expounded: “We weren’t offering them anything for their souls. When people are thirsty, they’ll drink dirty water. When people are hungry, they’ll eat bad food to get sustenance. … That is why the great blue wall became the great blue paper wall. … We were so off message that a guy who (poops) in gold-plated toilets is connecting with these people!”
+This mentality is what has motivated Democratic Rep. Tim Ryan, who represents Youngstown, to challenge Nancy Pelosi for minority leader. “No Democrat in my area feels like Nancy Pelosi represents them,” Betras said. “She’s like a distant cousin where you really don’t know her. Yeah, we’re related, but… The coastal elites don’t understand the struggle. It’s like we’re foreign to them, and as a result the people here feel like the Democratic Party is now foreign to them.”
+-- Looking back at the May memo, and spending two days chatting with voters, it is crystal clear that the national narrative underplayed the full extent to which Trump’s anti-trade jeremiads were loosening the knots that had kept so many non-college-educated, working-class whites moored to the Democratic Party.
+.”
+Democratic members of Congress also lacked credibility to make the case that Clinton would fight for their jobs because they were seen as too political, the chairman explained. He wanted Hillary to talk more about protecting pensions in her stump speech, and he said real workers should record testimonials and vouch for her on stage during campaign events.
+.”
+-- Three members of the Clinton campaign team pushed back yesterday when asked about Betras’s critique. They stressed that they always knew there was a problem and acted accordingly. Hillary came twice but never went to the Dayton media market, for instance. Youngstown was her first stop in Ohio after the Democratic convention, and she was joined by Tim Kaine. Bill later made four stops in the Youngstown media market during a solo bus tour. Labor Secretary Tom Perez visited for a fish fry.
+“Is there a messaging aspect that could have been done better? I’m sure there could be,” a senior campaign official said, speaking on background to reflect candidly on what went wrong. “But no one took Youngstown for granted. No one didn’t think it was important. … It’s more of the fact that we were unable to tap into economic anxiety (nationally) than that we were not paying attention.”
+Clinton actually performed slightly better than Obama in both Columbus and Cincinnati, but she underperformed around Cleveland and got blown out in rural areas. “We thought we were going to be able to peel off more suburban Republicans who were going to be so influenced by Trump’s divisiveness. And then we thought the working class would come home,” an adviser explained, “when they heard that Clinton supported the auto bailout and Trump opposed it, when we hammered him for using Chinese steel in his construction projects and when we highlighted how workers in the building trades had been stiffed after working on Trump’s projects. … We weren’t able to accomplish either one.”
+-- Glenn Holmes is the Democratic mayor of nearby McDonald Village. He just got elected to an open state House seat with 60 percent of the vote, even as Trump carried the district. Holmes, who is African American, said it was more than just trade. Many Democrats in his district voted for Trump because they believed that Clinton wanted to confiscate their guns, supported late-term abortion and would not stop un-vetted Syrian refugees from pouring into the country. “I was able to speak more specifically to the fears and calm the fears” than Clinton could in the context of a national race, the 58-year-old explained in an interview. “Did Trump deal in misogyny and fear mongering? Sure he did. There was fear. He saw it and captured it. He won. It worked. Democrats didn’t address the fears. They dismissed them and thought people would see right through it. But that just sent the message that they didn’t care.”
+-- I asked Ryan, the congressman challenging Pelosi, whether Trump won the election or Clinton lost it. “It may have been equal parts both,” he replied during an interview at a Starbucks near his house. “Trump really understood who he was marketing to, and he connected with them. His shtick worked. He traded on his brand. He had this reservoir of commonality. They used to fly flights out of the Youngstown airport to Atlantic City, and people would go to gamble at his casinos. We have a lot of boxers come out of Ohio. They go to Atlantic City.”
+“While they look at us as trying to appeal to the donor class and the elites and the coasts and all that stuff, (Trump) said, ‘I don’t need anybody’s money,’” Ryan added. “If you want to resonate with people here who want to change the system, that one line did it.”
+Ryan complained that Democrats lack the kind of core economic message that they had for a long time. “You look around here, and I can’t tell you how many people have lost their pensions,” he said. “It’s not a sexy issue. It’s a bread and butter issue, especially in the Great Lakes states. And no one was talking about it.”
+-- Trump moved last night to show that he’s serious about following through on his promises regarding trade. He released a video statement on YouTube in which he outlined a series of executive actions he intends to implement immediately after taking office. First on the list is issuing formal notice of the United States’ intent to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific Partnership.
+A story in today’s Wall Street Journal also looks at his early plans to push for big changes to NAFTA: “Among the likeliest would be special tariffs or other barriers to reduce the U.S. trade deficit with Mexico and new taxes that would hit U.S. firms that moved production there,” William Mauldin and David Luhnow report. “His team says it may also seek to remove a Nafta provision that allows Mexican and Canadian companies to challenge U.S. regulations outside the court system.”
+Bruce Springsteen's powerful ballad "Youngstown" was inspired by the story of a laid-off steelworker named Joe Marshall Jr. Marshall, a lifelong Democrat, voted for Trump...
+-- Is the Mahoning Valley ever coming back to the Democratic Party? Will Ohio be a swing state in 2020? These are questions many Democrats in D.C. are pondering. Both before and since the election, scores of liberals have complained about how much attention the 202 has given to the Rust Belt; they argue privately that these blue-collar, non-college-educated, white-working-class Democrats are dinosaurs. The future of the party, they think, lies in the Sunbelt, and they think Trump’s win has only accelerated this realignment. Colorado and Nevada were relatively easy holds for Clinton. Trump won Ohio by 8.6 points and Iowa by 9.6 points. But he won Arizona by 4.1 points, Georgia by 5.7 points and Texas by 9.2 points.
+-- Ohioans of both parties say that’s hooey, and that the state will remain a battleground in the future. The key reason is that Trump is an outlier, and voters did not perceive him as a conventional Republican.
+Consider this remarkable nugget from the exit polls: Kasich, who refused to support Trump and traveled to the White House before the election to evangelize for TPP, was viewed favorably by 50 percent of voters on Election Day and unfavorably by 40 percent. Clinton actually won among those who viewed the Republican governor positively, 51 percent to 43 percent. But Trump won the voters who viewed Kasich negatively, 58 percent to 37 percent.
+-- Democrats expect that Trump won’t be able to deliver on his big league promises, and they bet that voters will punish Republicans for that in the 2018 midterms and then Trump himself in 2020. “These voters aren’t lost,” said one of the Clinton advisers. “We just have to demonstrate why we’re economically relevant to these voters. Trump is going to help make that case for us.”
+Cathy Hogue, 64, helps maintain the presses at a brick factory outside Youngstown. She’s been a member of the United Steelworkers for 39 years. Many of her coworkers have only ever voted Democratic, but she said they backed Trump this time because of his position on trade. “I don’t know,” she said when asked if they’ll ever vote Democratic again. “If it’s better, then it’s better. If it’s not, then they’ll come back.”
+-- Larry Gestwicki, 72, served in the Navy during Vietnam and then spent 30 years working on the assembly line at the Lordstown GM factory outside of town. He guesses that three-quarters of the current employees at the plant, where they make the Chevy Cruze, voted for Trump. “If it weren’t for the bailout, they’d all be out of jobs! It’s mind boggling,” he said. “Maybe Hillary just didn’t talk about it enough.”
+He volunteered for the Clinton campaign almost every day for six months. He knocked on thousands of doors. “A lot of people told me, ‘I just want a change.’ I’d say, ‘He’s not going to bring your job back.’ But a lot of Democrats, lifelong Democrats, would reply, ‘I just want change so much,’” Getswicki recalled. Many other registered Democrats who he talked with at their doors told him they were undecided. He now believes they were lying to his face and planned to support Trump all along but just didn’t have the nerve to say so.
+Sitting by the aquarium at the mall in Niles, the proud UAW member fretted that Trump is now about to appoint Republicans who will pursue policies that endanger his pension. “I’m afraid as hell,” he said. “I can’t even sleep.”
+WHILE YOU WERE SLEEPING:
+-- D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser will name Oakland's superintendent as the new chancellor of District schools today, tapping Antwan Wilson to bring fresh eyes and perspective as educators work to address the city’s wide achievement gaps. (Emma Brown)
+GET SMART FAST:
+The driver of a school bus that crashed into a tree in Chattanooga, Tenn., killing at least five elementary school children, was arrested. At least 24 children, in grades kindergarten through fifth grade, were transported to hospitals after the crash. (Sarah Larimer)
+- San Antonio police arrested a man wanted in the ambush-style killing of an officer on Sunday, ending a sprawling manhunt after a 20-year veteran detective was slain while writing a traffic ticket in his car. (Mark Berman)
+- Japan’s Fukushima region was rocked by a 7.4-magnitude earthquake, triggering tsunami warnings and a wave of evacuations along the coastal stretch. Officials said they were continuing to monitor the area’s nuclear plant, which suffered a triple meltdown after a 2011 earthquake. (Anna Fifield)
+- The Obama administration moved to block mining claims for two years outside the entrance to Yellowstone National Park, issuing a temporary 30,000-acre prohibition while officials evaluate whether to designate the Montana land off-limits to new mining claims for an additional 20 years. (Brady Dennis)
+- U.S. judges struck down Wisconsin’s legislative map as “illegally partisan,” an unusual ruling that requires the Supreme Court to weigh in on the issue of political gerrymandering for a second time. While the High Court often hears cases of racial gerrymandering, it has never struck down a plan on the basis of partisanship. (Robert Barnes)
+- Officials investigating the killings of three U.S. soldiers in Jordan earlier this month say the troops were “deliberately” fired at as they returned to their base from a training mission. But with the shooter still in a coma, it remains unclear whether the attack was an act of jihadist-inspired terrorism or was triggered by a grudge or mental illness, authorities said. (Joby Warrick and Thomas Gibbons-Neff)
+- A Maryland company that reaped immense profits from cutting deals with victims of lead-paint poisoning has been accused of breaking federal law. Feds say the company “aggressively” pursued lead paint poisoning victims – many of whom were mentally impaired – and persuaded them to sell large payouts for a fraction of their value. (Terrence McCoy)
+- Kanye West was hospitalized for exhaustion in L.A. The visit comes after a bizarre weekend in which the singer delivered a long, stream-of-consciousness rant at one concert and abruptly canceled another with just hours notice. (Travis M. Andrews)
+TRUMP'S CONFLICTS OF INTEREST PROBLEM:
+-- The president-elect's company has partnered with Indian developers to create more business ventures than in any other foreign nation or territory, our Annie Gowen reports from New Delhi:  ‘great. Experts say that the Trump name is likely to remain marketable for the Trump family in India and that this could result in millions in future licensing fees. 'The Trump name is already associated with high-end, luxury buildings. Now it will be even more so,' said property consultant Anshuman Magazine."
+-- A spokesman for Argentinean President Mauricio Macri shot down press reports that Trump asked for help in approving stalled permits for Trump buildings when he called to congratulate him. The rumor appears to have been started by a talk-radio host in Argentina, who admitted he was “half joking, half serious,” but it caught fire on social media. From Nick Miroff: “Ivan Pavlovsky, a spokesman for Macri who was present in the room during their call, said the claims were false and that ‘nothing like that ever happened.’ ‘They didn’t talk about any investments or any tower,’ said Pavlovsky, reached by phone in Buenos Aires. ‘They talked about good relations between Argentina and the United States and the time they first met each other, more than 20 years ago’ in New York City, said Pavlovsky." Trump transition spokesman Jason Miller also denied anything improper, too. “Not true,” Miller wrote in an email.
+-- “Trump’s Business Dealings Test a Constitutional Limit,” by New York Times Supreme Court reporter Adam Liptak:  [Trump] should he continue to reap benefits from transactions with companies controlled by foreign governments. Mr. Trump’s companies do business with entities controlled by foreign governments and people with ties to them. The ventures include multimillion-dollar real estate arrangements — with Mr. Trump’s companies either as a full owner or a ‘branding’ partner — in Ireland and Uruguay. The Bank of China is a tenant in Trump Tower and a lender for another building in Midtown Manhattan where Mr. Trump has a significant partnership interest. Experts in legal ethics say those kinds of arrangements could easily run afoul of the Emoluments Clause if they continue after Mr. Trump takes office."
+-- “With a Meeting, Trump Renewed a British Wind Farm Fight,” by the New York Times's Danny Hakim and Eric Lipton: “When  media consultant Andy Wigmore, who attended the meeting alongside insurance executive and Brexit campaign financer Arron Banks. In an email, Wigmore said he and Banks would be “campaigning against wind farms in England, Scotland and Wales.” “Mr. Wigmore said that Mr. Banks had previously opposed wind farms … However, he said, Mr. Trump ‘did suggest that we should campaign on it’ and ‘spurred us in and we will be going for it.’”
+-- Trump is starting to push back on the growing number of stories that highlight the potential legal challenges of his investments:
+Prior to the election it was well known that I have interests in properties all over the world.Only the crooked media makes this a big deal!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 22, 2016
+And, speaking of Farage, Trump last night urged the U.K. to make him ambassador to the U.S.:
+Many people would like to see @Nigel_Farage represent Great Britain as their Ambassador to the United States. He would do a great job!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 22, 2016
+-- “Giuliani abroad: Selling Latin America on his crime-fighting policies,” by Matt Zapotosky and Karen DeYoung: “[Rudy] branded himself the man who cleaned up New York City, and not long after he left the mayor’s office, he insisted on seeing some of the most dangerous neighborhoods of Mexico City … to assess how he could do the same there.” The work — which Giuliani would go on to shop around Latin America — made him a wealthy man. There is no complete public accounting of all of Giuliani’s clients, and it is difficult to assess just how much money he has made — and from whom — throughout the years.” In 2007, a source said its staff had quadrupled in its first five years, and that it had grossed more than $100 million. And Giuliani Safety & Security says on its website that it has “affiliations and engagements” in 63 countries across six continents. “But now — as [Trump] considers whether to appoint him to a Cabinet post — government ethics analysts and even a prominent Republican senator are questioning how Giuliani might be able to set aside financial entanglements with foreign interests should he return to public office."
+TO THE VICTOR GOES THE SPOILS -- TRUMP STAFFS UP:
+-- Trump spokesman Jason Miller declined to back James Comey on Monday, saying the embattled FBI director would meet with Trump “at some point.” “There hasn’t been any official statement with regard to Director Comey,’’ Miller said during the transition team’s daily briefing. When asked if Trump would call for his resignation, Miller said only: “I would imagine that at some point, the two will meet.” His remarks come after Comey drew biting criticism from both parties during the campaign. Trump told “60 Minutes” after his victory that he hadn’t decided whether to ask Comey to step down. “I haven’t made up my mind. I respect him a lot. I respect the FBI a lot,’’ he said. (Jerry Markon, Sari Horwitz and Elise Viebeck)
+-- Transition officials insisted Trump is seeking to build out a “diverse” administration, seeking to quell speculation after the first five people named for major jobs have been white males. From Karen Tumulty and Jerry Markon: Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway.”
+-- Could Fox News be a talent pool for the Trump administration? From CNN Money’s Dylan Byers: Paid Fox News contributor Laura Ingraham is in talks to serve as Trump's press secretary, while contributor Richard Grenell is being considered for U.N. ambassador. Scott Brown, who met with Trump yesterday, is said to be “in the mix” to run the VA. Network hosts are also under consideration: Eric Bolling has "discussed the possibility" of taking a Department of Commerce post. And Jeanine Pirro was spotted at Trump Tower last week, leading to speculation that she too is under consideration.
+-- He is considering retired Marine Gen. John F. Kelly and ex-Bush official Frances Townsend for Department of Homeland Security secretary, Jerry Markon reports: “Kelly, a widely respected military officer who served for more than 40 years, opposed the [Obama] administration’s failed plans to close Guantanamo and has strongly defended how the military treats detainees … He also publicly expressed concerns over the Pentagon’s order in December that for the first time opened all jobs in combat units to women. … Townsend,."
+-- Trump also met with Rep. Tulsi Gabbard, a Hawaii Democrat and former Sanders supporter on Monday. In a statement after the meeting, Gabbard praised their “frank and positive conversation,” saying they discussed “current policies regarding Syria, our fight against terrorist groups like al-Qaeda and ISIS,” and other foreign policy challenges. A spokeswoman for Gabbard said she “did not meet with [Trump] seeking a job, nor did he offer her one.” (Karen Tumulty and Jerry Markon)
+-- Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin (R) also met with Donald, saying she discussed “a wide range of issues” with the president-elect but was not offered a position. “It was just an initial meeting to discuss a wide range of topics,” Fallin said. Other leaders scheduled for talks with the president-elect on Monday included former Texas governor Rick Perry, former House speaker Newt Gingrich; former senator Scott Brown, and Elaine Chao, a former labor secretary and wife of Mitch McConnell.
+-- Florida Gov. Rick Scott (R) said he will not serve in a Trump administration: "I am not going to go to the White House," Scott told CNN's Jim Sciutto, after meeting with the president-elect last week."I have a great job. I have a little more than two years to go in this job. I've got a lot of good things to get done. ... I've got a lot of things to do here." The Florida governor praised Trump’s transition efforts, saying the two “had a good meeting.”
+-- Liberty University president and longtime Trump backer Jerry Falwell Jr. said he met with the president-elect and several advisers to discuss education. “It was a very good discussion,” he said afterwards. (Nick Anderson)
+-- “The secretive brain trust of Silicon Valley insiders who are helping Trump,” by Elizabeth Dwoskin: “Billionaire tech investor Peter Thiel is putting together a brain trust of Silicon Valley insiders to share ideas with the transition team for [Trump]. But he’s having trouble finding takers. In recent days, the Facebook board member and PayPal cofounder - who is also a member of the Trump transition - has been appealing to fellow entrepreneurs of all political stripes to share their best ideas and possibly join the incoming administration. But in the liberal bastion of Silicon Valley — where Trump is despised and even admitting you’re a Republican can hurt your candidacy for a job – that coveted opportunity has been fraught with challenges. The reaction in Silicon Valley reflects a broader dilemma for the incoming administration: Many of the best and brightest are wary of contributing to the incoming government because they fear the ramifications of having ties to Trump.”
+INSIDE TRUMP’S WASHINGTON:
+-- “What will the White House be like with first lady Melania Trump living in New York?” by Krissah Thompson: “It’s one of the most enduring rituals of the presidential transition: On Inauguration Day, one first family returns to its home town, while the next moves into the White House. But come January, this tradition will be dramatically upended, as [Trump’s] wife, Melania, plans to continue living in Manhattan with their young son Barron, at least until he completes the school year. It could create a striking disconnect in Washington, where, in another break with tradition, the Obamas are setting up their new home only a few miles away, similarly delaying an out-of-town move to allow their daughter Sasha to finish high school here. Michelle Obama has signaled a desire to stay engaged in advocacy work, and her presence in the capital could overshadow Mrs. Trump, who … will be something of a first lady in absentia. “The White House adjusts to its occupants, and the occupants adjust to the White House,” said former Bush adviser Anita McBride. “It’s different, but … the role of first lady is really defined by each occupant.”
+-- Trump repeatedly vowed to dump the Paris climate deal as president, but his future administration could encounter unexpected pushback if they try to fulfill that pledge. A new Chicago Council survey finds 71 percent of Americans support the Paris deal – including 57 percent of Republicans. (Chris Mooney)
+TRUMP VS. THE PRESS:
+-- Trump canceled a meeting with New York Times editors and reporters at the last minute, contending that the paper changed the ground rules at the last minute to put it on the record. The Times says it learned the session was scrapped via social."
+The latest fracas between Trump and the Times, which he often calls "failing" in his Twitter feed, is only likely to play into the hands of Trump and his supporters, who hate the mainstream media. Liz Spayd, the paper's public editor, wrote in a column yesterday that complaints to her office are coming in at "five times the normal level" regarding the publication's coverage of Trump. Letters to the editor are comparable to the period following 9/11, Spayd writes, and customer care calls are coming in at "multiple times the usual rate." "The paper says quite the opposite is the case: It reports having the largest one-week subscription increase since the first week of the digital pay model, in 2011," Spayd writes. ."
+Meanwhile, here's what Trump had to say about the NYT meeting: failing @nytimes just announced that complaints about them are at a 15 year high. I can fully understand that - but why announce?— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) November 22, 2016
+Several reporters pushed back:
+NYT did not try to change ground rules. Trump did, asking for only a private meeting and no on-the-record segment, which NYT refused.— Jonathan Mahler (@jonathanmahler) November 22, 2016
+-- During a private session with TV executives and on-air reporters at Trump Tower yesterday, Trump told attendees that their reporting about him has been “unfair” and “dishonest.” From Paul Farhi: “Participants in the meeting ... described it as a contentious but generally respectful gathering. But if the media elite attended in hopes of improving relations with the forthcoming Trump administration, that wasn’t quite in the cards. The president-elect specifically called out reporting by CNN and NBC that he deemed unfair …. … He also shrugged off the need for a constant pool covering him, the people said, though he did not delve into specifics. The participants variously described Trump as ‘combative,’ ‘proud,’ and ‘dismissive’ toward the news organizations present.”
+Attendees included executives and presidents from the five major television networks, as well as a spate of top media figures:. (Elise Viebeck)
+- How Kellyanne Conway described the meeting afterwards: “Very cordial, candid and honest."
+- How an attendee described it to the New York Post: “a f—ing firing squad.”
+-- Important: Farhi questions whether Trump’s “Hamilton” tweets are simply “weapons of mass distraction” (spoiler: they are...): “He’s out there, lurking, his fingers poised on the buttons. At any moment, he may strike. News, inevitably, will follow. As he illustrated with tweets about the musical ‘Hamilton’ over the weekend, [Trump] knows how to change the subject — and the entire news cycle. Just as questions were mounting about Trump’s appointments, his business conflicts, his $25 million fraud-case settlement — bam! — Trump had everyone talking about something else. In this case, a Broadway show. Whether inadvertent or part of a calculated media strategy (there’s evidence going both ways), Trump has proved he’s very, very good at hijacking the national conversation. All politicians want to talk about their issues, but Trump is a cruise missile when it comes to butting in. He’s the Distractor in Chief.”
+AMERICA, DIVIDED:
+-- Nearly two weeks after the election ... this is how divided America has become: People have moved beyond staring at the vast gulf that divides them and proceeded to arguing over who is to blame for it, what to do about it and even whether it exists at all,” William Wan, Tanya Sichynsky and Sandhya Somashekhar write.
+-.”
+- Before this election cycle, Shannon Coulter, a PR consultant, said she tried to understand Republicans. Not anymore. “There are two Americas now,” she said “I am not part of one of those Americas, and I realized I shouldn’t bother trying to be.”
+-- A new Gallup poll finds that a record-breaking 77 percent of Americans believe the nation is divided on the most important values, while just 21 percent say they think it is united and in agreement. Meanwhile, a slightly larger 49 percent think Trump will do more to divide the U.S. as commander-in-chief, while 45 percent think he can united the country.
+-- A federal judge presiding over a U.S. citizenship ceremony in San Antonio used the celebratory occasion to tell new citizens they can “go to another country” if they don’t like Trump. He also lashed out against NFL player Colin Kaepernick, saying he “detested” his choice to take a knee instead of standing during the national anthem. (Cleve R. Wootson Jr.)
+-- A Maggiano’s restaurant in D.C. is apologizing after hosting an alt-right, white nationalist group event on Friday. The Italian restaurant, which came under fire after an attendee tweeted a picture making a ‘Sieg Heil salute’ in support of Hitler, said it is donating profits from the event to the Anti-Defamation League. (Justin Wm. Moyer)
+-- A Massachusetts college has stopped flying the American flag after it became the flashpoint of Trump-related disputes on campus. Some students lowered the flag in protest, others demanded it fly at full height, and another group of students burned the flag the following night. (Susan Svrluga)
+--The Michigan middle school whose students led “build the wall” chants in the cafeteria after Election Day made headlines once again – this time, after a noose was found in the school’s bathroom. School officials said the responsible student has been “removed” from the middle school until further notice. (Sarah Larimer)
+THE WORLD REACTS TO A PRESIDENT TRUMP:
+-- Middle East rights activists, dismayed by Obama, fear Trump will be much worse,” by Erin Cunningham: “Human rights activists fighting a wave of repression across the Middle East are bracing for an American president they fear will empower autocrats and roll back U.S. support for democracy initiatives in the region. The Obama administration — which sold arms to despots in the region even as it cracked down on opponents — has disappointed many rights advocates. But President Obama has also pressed Middle East governments to curb abuses and enact democratic change. Trump, by contrast, has not only lauded some of the region’s strongmen but also called for torturing terrorism suspects and killing the families of Islamic State fighters … His rhetoric has alarmed local human rights defenders who say their situation is tenuous enough already.” “The most repressive times we lived through have been while Obama was president,” said Gamal Eid, a rights activist in Cairo. But now that Trump has been elected, Eid said, “what is coming is worse.”
+-- “Can China overtake the United States to lead the world? That was the question posed by the state-run Global Times tabloid in Beijing on Monday,” Simon Denyer reports. “If the United States under [Trump] gives up its global leadership and withdraws into isolationism, will the rising superpower China replace it? … Ironically, in the past week, China has defended the system of global governance that the United States has done much to build. China’s influence will also expand if Trump fulfills his campaign promise to walk away from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. … China, meanwhile, has lost no time in pushing forward its vision for free trade in Asia, through a Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), a potential deal it has long championed that involves 14 Asian nations, plus Australia and New Zealand."
+-- A newly unearthed letter from a German archive shows how Trump’s grandfather Friedrich Trump begged authorities in southern Germany to revoke an expulsion order for avoiding military service as a teenager. From Ishaan Tharoor: In the letter, reportedly penned in 1905, Trump beseeches the “well-loved, noble, wise and just” Prince Luitpold of Bavaria not to deport him. His plea proved unsuccessful, and he was formally stripped of Bavarian citizenship and forced to begin a new life across the Atlantic.
+WAPO HIGHLIGHTS:
+-- “For Obama, a bittersweet farewell from the world stage,” by Juliet Eilperin: “One local radio host declared President Obama’s motorcade ‘impressive,’ and Peruvians gathered along the streets to watch it roll by. But for the most part, the crowds turning out to see the outgoing American president on his final foreign trip were smaller and quieter than on his previous outings. Those crowds were just one sign that Obama’s week-long valedictory journey had turned into less of a celebratory goodbye tour and more of a bittersweet farewell for a president whose worldview is now under siege. The president voiced optimism about the “strong handoff” he’s giving Trump ... But he also fretted about the rise of a “crude nationalism” that has gained currency worldwide, and the fact that social media discourse makes no distinction between fact and fiction. [In many ways], Obama faced the same predicament as both of his immediate predecessors: He hoped to make one final mark on the world stage even as a very different president, from the other party, waited in the wings.”
+SOCIAL MEDIA SPEED READ:
+This was the video heard around the Internet on Monday:
+Take five minutes. Watch this video, where Richard Spencer shouts “Hail Trump!" and crowd reacts with Nazi salutes: pic.twitter.com/938bu4nVnd— Yoni Appelbaum (@YAppelbaum) November 21, 2016
+The Holocaust Museum released this statement:
+When the Holocaust Museum has to issue a statement condemning Trump supporters pic.twitter.com/2KcLrMEgCM— Ishaan Tharoor (@ishaantharoor) November 21, 2016
+Here's what Trump's transition had to say:
+Trump transition statement on alt right conference where neo nazis and white nationalists were praising Trump's election pic.twitter.com/XZCxVSS6Jt— Jim Acosta (@Acosta) November 21, 2016
+And one reporter's response:
+No, it's not. It's a vague platitude.— James Poniewozik (@poniewozik) November 22, 2016
+Trump ran an entire campaign on "Say the words, 'radical Islamic terrorism'!" When it comes to *actual Nazis in DC,* cat got your tongue?— James Poniewozik (@poniewozik) November 22, 2016
+A terrible chyron on CNN drew immediate backlash:
+CNN is ACTUALLY DEBATING the merits of whether or not Donald Trump should denounce whether “In fact, Jews are human beings.” pic.twitter.com/GP2LZVfGaH— Joon Lee (@iamjoonlee) November 21, 2016
+this should have a "(THEY ARE)" at the end but I guess the days of courageous chyrons are over at CNN pic.twitter.com/hLja84Mwaf— Jason Linkins (@dceiver) November 21, 2016
+From pollster Frank Luntz:
+Can confirm we are people.— Frank Luntz (@FrankLuntz) November 21, 2016
+WaPo media critic Erik Wemple exchanged tweets with former Bush White House Press Secrerary Ari Fleischer about Trump's off-the-record meeting with television executives and hosts:
+These five networks that agreed to OTR meeting with Trump need to explain who, precisely, agreed to terms, Plus: WHY????— ErikWemple (@ErikWemple) November 21, 2016
+@ErikWemple Probably for the same reason they, for decades, have held a similar OTR lunch with POTUS on State of the Union Day.— Ari Fleischer (@AriFleischer) November 21, 2016
+@AriFleischer Disagree: Trump has attacked, antagonized, stiff-armed them for months. Not biz as usual— ErikWemple (@ErikWemple) November 21, 2016
+@ErikWemple They're like a lot of people - they love the access.— Ari Fleischer (@AriFleischer) November 22, 2016
+-- Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach, a candidate to lead DHS, carried a written proposal for how he'd lead the department out of his Sunday meeting with Trump. It was captured by an AP photographer. Zoomed in photos of the documents show that Kobach wants to “update and reintroduce” the controversial NSEERS screening program created after 9/11. “All aliens from high-risk areas are tracked,” his plan says. The document also calls for “extreme vetting questions” for high-risk foreign nationals. Questions included support for Sharia law, jihad and the equality of men and women. (David Weigel)
+Kris Kobach should learn to use folders and cover sheets. pic.twitter.com/q3sqB59wtA— southpaw (@nycsouthpaw) November 21, 2016
+Maybe the proper handling of sensitive information should have been a campaign issue.— southpaw (@nycsouthpaw) November 21, 2016
+A thought from our colleague Wes Lowery:
+Interesting that Kobach thinks restricting voting rights and "direct"-ing the DOJ falls under the charge of Homeland Security secretary— Wesley Lowery (@WesleyLowery) November 21, 2016
+Does Trump have material with which to blackmail sitting politicians?
+Back in 2000, Trump bragged about keeping tabs on politicians who had affairs in his hotels (h/t @DafnaLinzer). pic.twitter.com/T10vwKWvP8— Christopher Soghoian (@csoghoian) November 21, 2016
+Al Franken addressed the use of water hoses against Dakota Access pipeline protesters:
+(1/2) The use of water cannons on Dakota Access Pipeline protesters in sub-freezing temps is excessive and unnecessary. Cc: @TheJusticeDept— Sen. Al Franken (@SenFranken) November 21, 2016
+(2/2) I've urged @LorettaLynch and @TheJusticeDept to protect the safety and First Amendment rights of protesters.— Sen. Al Franken (@SenFranken) November 21, 2016
+Tommy Thompson can still do 75 pushups:
+Here is a photo of former Wisconsin Gov. Tommy Thompson doing push-ups in jorts on his 75th birthday. pic.twitter.com/HIODlfXRKr— Jessie Opoien (@jessieopie) November 20, 2016
+Scott Walker is enjoying the start of hunting season:
+Enjoying the start of the gun deer hunting season in northern Wisconsin! pic.twitter.com/m2gKdCyivY— Scott Walker (@ScottWalker) November 19, 2016
+DAYBOOK:
+In Trump's world: Trump starts the day at Trump Tower, then departs for Mar-a-Lago for the Thanksgiving holiday.
+At the White House: Obama awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Ellen DeGeneres, Robert De Niro, Richard Garwin, Bill and Melinda Gates, Frank Gehry, Margaret Hamilton, Tom Hanks, Michael Jordan, Maya Lin, Lorne Michaels, Newt Minow, Eduardo Padron, Robert Redford, Diana Ross, Vin Scully, Bruce Springsteen and Cicely Tyson. Biden attends the ceremony, then he and Jill head for Nantucket, Massachusetts in the evening.
+On Capitol Hill: The Senate convenes at 11 a.m. and the House at 2:30 p.m. in pro forma sessions.
+NEWS YOU CAN USE IF YOU LIVE IN D.C.:
+-- Our first colder-than-normal period of the season lingers a bit longer today and tomorrow. From the Capital Weather Gang: "Gradual warming continues through Thanksgiving. Unfortunately, Turkey Day may also be a bit of a turkey itself with clouds and showers. Showers and slightly warmer weather hold into Black Friday and maybe Saturday before we manage some sunshine again, especially by Sunday. .... Today: Much like yesterday, but just slightly warmer with sunny skies. Pesky winds from the northwest at 10-15 mph with gusts to 20-25 continue to hound us and offer some wind chill, especially in the morning hours. Highs hit the middle to upper 40s with a few spots managing to briefly crest into the low 50s."
+-- Virginia’s health commissioner declared opioid addiction to be a public health emergency, issuing a standing prescription for any resident to get the drug Naloxone, which is used to treat overdoses. Gov. Terry McAuliffe said the move comes in response to painkiller overdoses in the state, as well as evidence that a synthetic large-animal sedative called Carfentamil is being abused. (Gregory S. Schneider)
+VIDEOS OF THE DAY:
+Heartbreaking: this video shows the moment a pediatric hospital in Aleppo is bombed:
+Authorities fired water cannons at people protesting the Dakota Access pipeline:
+Trump's history with "SNL":
+For those who aren't familiar with possible Trump DHS secretary Kris Kobach, here's a quick primer from our video team:
+Media executives assembled at Trump Tower:
+The Hamilton actor who addressed Pence over the weekend said he has nothing to apologize for:
+Prince Harry arrived in Antigua for his Caribbean tour:
+And it's already that time of year -- which of these TV spots will be the top Christmas ad?
+Authors: 267
+Books: 3,607
+Poems & Short Stories: 4,435
+Forum Members: 67,986
+Forum Posts: 1,216,101
+And over 2 million unique readers monthly!
+ADVENTURE XXXVII
+How Margrave Rudeger Was Slain.
+The strangers had done full well at dawn. Meanwhile Gotelind's husband came to court. Bitterly faithful Rudeger wept when he saw the grievous wounds on either side. "Woe is me," quoth the champion, "that I was ever born, sith none may stay this mickle grief! However fain I would make for peace, the king will not consent, for he seeth ever more and more the sufferings of his men."
+Then the good Knight Rudeger sent to Dietrich, if perchance they might turn the fate of the high-born kings. The king of Berne sent answer: "Who might now forfend? King Etzel will let none part the strife."
+Then a Hunnish warrior, that saw Rudeger stand with weeping eyes, and many tears had he shed, spake to the queen: "Now behold how he doth stand, that hath the greatest power at Etzel's court and whom both lands and people serve. Why have so many castles been given to Rudeger, of which he doth hold such store from the king in fief? Not one sturdy stroke hath he dealt in all this strife. Methinks, he recketh not how it fare here at court, sith he hath his will in full. Men say of him, he be bolder than any other wight. Little hath that been seen in these parlous (1) days."
+Sad in heart the faithful vassal gazed at him whom he heard thus speak. Him-thought: "Thou shalt pay for this. Thou sayest, I be a craven, and hast told thy tale too loud at court."
+His fist he clenched, then ran he at him and smote the Hunnish man so mightily that he lay dead at his feet full soon. Through this King Etzel's woe grew greater.
+"Away, thou arrant coward," cried Rudeger, "forsooth I have enow of grief and pain, How dost thou taunt me, that I fight not here? Certes, I have good cause to hate the strangers, and would have done all in my power against them, had I not led the warriors hither. Of a truth I was their safeguard to my master's land. Therefore the hand of me, wretched man, may not strive against them."
+Then spake Etzel, the noble king, to the margrave: "How have ye helped us, most noble Rudeger! We have so many fey (2) in the land, that we have no need of more. Full evil have ye done."
+At this the noble knight made answer: "Forsooth he grieved my mood and twitted me with the honors and the goods, such store of which I have received from thy hand. This hath cost the liar dear."
+The queen, too, was come and had seen what fortuned to the Huns through the hero's wrath. Passing sore she bewailed it; her eyes grew moist as she spake to Rudeger: "How have we deserved that ye should increase the sorrows of the king and me? Hitherto ye have told us, that for our sake ye would risk both life and honor. I heard full many warriors accord to you the palm. Let me mind you of your fealty and that ye swore, when that ye counseled me to Etzel, good knight and true, that ye would serve me till one of us should die. Never have I, poor woman, had such great need of this."
+"There's no denying that I swore to you, my lady, for your sake I'd risk both life and honor, but I did not swear that I would lose my soul. 'Twas I that bade the high-born lordings to this feast."
+Quoth she: "Bethink thee, Rudeger, of thy great fealty, of thy constancy, and of thine oaths, that thou wouldst ever avenge mine injuries and all my woes."
+Said the margrave: "Seldom have I denied you aught."
+Mighty Etzel, too, began implore; upon their knees they sank before the knight. Men saw the noble margrave stand full sad. Pitifully the faithful warrior spake: "Woe is me, most wretched man, that I have lived to see this day. I must give over all my honors, my fealty, and my courtesie, that God did bid me use. Alas, great God of heaven, that death will not turn this from me! I shall act basely and full evil, whatever I do or leave undone. But if I give over both, then will all people blame me. Now may he advise me, who hath given me life."
+Still the king and the queen, too, begged unceasingly. Through this warriors must needs thereafter lose their lives at Rudeger's hands, when the hero also died. Ye may well hear it now, that he deported him full pitifully. He wist that it would bring him scathe and monstrous woe. Gladly would he have refused the king and queen. He feared full sore that if he slew but one of the strangers, the world would bear him hate.
+Then the brave man addressed him to the king: "Sir King, take back again all that I have from you, my land with its castles, let not a whit remain to me. On foot will I wander into other lands."
+At this King Etzel spake: "Who else should help me then? I'll give thee the land and all its castles, as thine own, that thou mayst avenge me on my foes. Thou shalt be a mighty king at Etzel's side."
+Then answered Rudeger: "How shall I do this deed? I bade them to my house and home; in friendly wise I offered them both food and drink and gave them gifts. How may I counsel their death? People will lightly ween, that I be craven. No service of mine have I refused these noble lordings and their men. Now I rue the kinship I have gained with them. I gave my daughter to Giselher, the knight; to none in all the world could she have been better given, for courtesie and honor, for fealty and wealth. Never have I seen so young a prince of such right courteous mind."
+Then Kriemhild spake again: "Most noble Rudeger, take pity on our griefs, on mine and on the king's. Bethink thee well, that king did never gain such baneful guests."
+To the noble dame the margrave spake: "Rudeger's life must pay to-day for whatsoever favors ye and my lord have shown me. Therefore must I die; no longer may it be deferred. I know full well, that my castles and my lands will be voided for you to-day through the hand of one of these men. To your mercy I commend my wife and children and the strangers (3) who be at Bechelaren."
+"Now God requite thee, Rudeger," spake the king, and both he and the queen grew glad. "Thy people shall be well commended to our care. For mine own weal I trust thou too shalt go unscathed."
+Etzel's bride began to weep. Then body and soul he staked upon the venture. He spake: "I must perform what I have vowed. Alas for my friends, whom I am loth to fight."
+Men saw him go sadly from the presence of the king. Close at hand he found his warriors standing. He spake: "Ye must arm you all, my men, for, alas, I must needs encounter the bold Burgundians."
+They bade the squires run nimbly to where lay their arms. Whether it were helm or buckler, 'twas all brought forth to them by their meiny. Later the proud strangers heard told baleful tales. Rudeger was now armed, and with him five hundred men; thereto he gained twelve champions, who would fain win renown in the stress of battle. They wist not that death drew nigh them. Then Rudeger was seen to march with helmet donned. The margrave's men bare keen-edged swords, and their bright shields and broad upon their arms. This the fiddler saw; greatly he rued the sight. When young Giselher beheld his lady's father walk with his helm upon his head, how might he know what he meant thereby, save that it portended good? Therefore the noble prince waxed passing merry of mood.
+"Now well is me of such kinsmen," spake Knight Giselher, "whom we have won upon this journey; from my wife we shall reap much profit here. Lief it is to me, that this betrothal hath taken place."
+"I know not whence ye take your comfort," spake then the minstrel; "when have ye seen so many heroes walk with helmets donned and swords in hand, for the sake of peace? Rudeger doth think to win his castles and his lands in fight with us."
+Or ever the fiddler had ended his speech, men saw the noble Rudeger before the house. At his feet he placed his trusty shield, and now both service and greeting he must needs refuse his friends. Into the hall the noble margrave called: "Ye doughty Nibelungs, now guard you well on every side. Ye were to profit by me, now I shall bring you scathe. Aforetime we were friends, but of this troth I now would fain be rid."
+The hard-pressed men were startled at this tale, for none gained aught of joy, that he whom they did love would now fain fight them. From their foes they had already suffered mickle stress of war. "Now God of heaven forbid," spake Gunther, the knight, "that ye should give over your love of us and your great fealty, on which we counted of a truth. Better things I trow of you, than that ye should ever do this deed."
+"Alas, I cannot give it over, but must fight you, for I have vowed it. Now ward you, brave heroes, and ye love your life. King Etzel's wife would not release me from mine oath."
+"Ye declare this feud too late," spake the highborn king. "Now may God requite you, most noble Rudeger, for all the love and fealty that ye have shown us, if ye would only act more kindly at the end. I and my kinsmen, we ought ever to serve you for the noble gifts ye gave us, when ye brought us hither faithfully to Etzel's land. Now, noble Rudeger, think on this."
+"How gladly would I grant you," spake Knight Rudeger, "that I might weigh out my gifts for you with full measure, as willingly as I had hoped, if I never should be blamed on that account."
+"Turn back, noble Rudeger," spake then Gernot, "for host did never give his guests such loving cheer as ye did us. This shall profit you well, and we remain alive."
+"Would to God," spake Rudeger, "most noble Gernot, that ye were on the Rhine and I were dead with passing honor, sith I must now encounter you! Never did friends act worse to heroes."
+"Now God requite you, Sir Rudeger," answered Gernot, "for your passing rich gifts. Your death doth rue me, if such knightly virtues shall be lost with you. Here I bear your sword that ye gave me, good knight and true. It hath never failed me in all this need. Many a knight fell dead beneath its edges. It is bright and steady, glorious and good; nevermore, I ween, will warrior give so rich a gift. And will ye not turn back, but come to meet us, and slay aught of the friends I still have here, with your own sword will I take your life. Then will ye rue me, Rudeger, ye and your high-born wife."
+"Would to God, Sir Gernot, that this might come to pass, that all your will might here be done, and that your kinsmen escaped unscathed! Then both my daughter and my wife may trust you well, forsooth."
+Then of the Burgundians there spake fair Uta's son: "Why do ye so, Sir Rudeger? Those that be come with us, do all like you well. Ye encounter us in evil wise; ye wish to make your fair daughter a widow far too soon. If ye and your warriors match me now with strife, how right unkindly do ye let it appear, that I trust you well above all other men and therefore won me your daughter to wife."
+"Think on your fealty, most noble and high-born king. And God let you escape," so spake Rudeger, "let the maiden suffer not for me. For your own virtue's sake, vouchsafe her mercy."
+"That I should do by right," spake the youthful Giselher, "but if my noble kinsmen here within must die through you, then my steadfast friendship for you and for your daughter must be parted."
+"Now may God have mercy on us," answered the valiant man. Then they raised their shields, as though they would hence to fight the guests in Kriemhild's hall, but Hagen cried full loud adown the steps. "Pray tarry awhile, most noble Rudeger," so spake Hagen; "I and my lords would fain have further parley, as doth befit our need. What can the death of us wanderers avail King Etzel? I stand here in a fearful plight; the shield that Lady Gotelind gave me to bear hath been cut to pieces by the Huns. I brought it with friendly purpose into Etzel's land. O that God in heaven would grant, that I might bear so good a shield as that thou hast in thy hand, most noble Rudeger! Then I should no longer need a hauberk in the fray."
+"Gladly would I serve thee with my shield, durst I offer it before Kriemhild. Yet take it, Hagen, and bear it on thine arm. Ho, if thou couldst only wield it in the Burgundian land!"
+When he so willingly offered to give the shield, enow of eyes grew red with scalding tears. 'T was the last gift that ever Rudeger of Bechelaren gave to any knight. However fierce Hagen, and however stern of mood, the gift did touch him, which the good hero, so near to death, had given. Many a noble knight gan mourn with him.
+"Now God in heaven requite you, most noble Rudeger. Your like will nevermore be found, who giveth homeless warriors such lordly gifts. God grant that your courtesie may ever live." Again Hagen spake: "Woe is me of these tales, we had so many other griefs to bear. Let complaint be made to heaven, if we must fight with friends."
+Quoth the margrave: "Inly doth this grieve me."
+"Now God requite you, for the gift, most noble Rudeger. Howso these high-born warriors deport them toward you, my hand shall never touch you in the fight, and ye slew them all from the Burgundian land."
+Courteously the good Sir Rudeger bowed him low. On every side they wept, that none might soothe this pain of heart. That was a mighty grief. In Rudeger would die the father of all knightly virtues.
+Then Folker, the minstrel, spake from out the hall: "Sith my comrade Hagen hath made his peace with you, ye shall have it just as steadfastly from my hand, for well ye earned it, when we came into this land. Most noble margrave, ye shall be mine envoy, too. The margravine gave me these ruddy arm rings, that I should wear them here at the feasting. These ye may yourself behold, that ye may later be my witness."
+"Now God of heaven grant," spake Rudeger, "that the margravine may give you more! I'll gladly tell these tales to my dear love, if I see her in health again. Of this ye shall not doubt."
+When he had vowed him this, Rudeger raised high his shield. No longer he bided, but with raging mood, like a berserker, he rushed upon the guests. Many a furious blow the noble margrave struck. The twain, Folker and Hagen, stepped further back, as they had vowed to him afore. Still he found standing by the tower such valiant men, that Rudeger began the fight with anxious doubts. With murderous intent Gunther and Gernot let him in, good heroes they! Giselher stood further back, which irked him sore, in truth. He voided Rudeger, for still he had hope of life. Then the margrave's men rushed at their foes; in knightly wise one saw them follow their lord. In their hands they bare their keen-edged swords, the which cleft there many a helm and lordly shield. The tired warriors dealt the men of Bechelaren many a mighty blow, that cut smooth and deep through the shining mail, down to the very quick.
+Rudeger's noble fellowship was now come quite within. Into the fight Folker and Hagen sprang anon. They gave no quarter, save to one man alone. Through the hands of the twain the blood streamed down from the helmets. How grimly rang the many swords within! The shield plates sprang from their fastenings, and the precious stones, cut from the shields, fell down into the gore. So grimly they fought, that men will never do the like again. The lord of Bechelaren raged to and fro, as one who wotteth how to use great prowess in the fray. Passing like to a worshipful champion and a bold did Rudeger bear him on that day. Here stood the warriors, Gunther and Gernot, and smote many a hero dead in the fray. Giselher and Dankwart, the twain, recked so little, that they brought full many a knight to his last day of life. Full well did Rudeger make appear that he was strong enow, brave and well-armed. Ho, what knights he slew! This a Burgundian espied; perforce it angered him, and thus Sir Rudeger's death drew near.
+The stalwart Gernot accosted the hero; to the margrave he spake: "It appeareth, ye will not leave my men alive, most noble Rudeger. That irketh me beyond all measure, no longer can I bear the sight. So may your present work you harm, sith ye have taken from me such store of friends. Pray address you unto me, most noble man and brave, your gift shall be paid for as best I can."
+Or ever the margrave could reach his foe, bright armor rings must needs grow dull with blood. Then at each other sprang these honor-seeking men. Either gan guard him against mighty wounds. So sharp were their swords, that naught might avail against them. Then Rudeger, the knight, smote Gernot a buffet through his helmet, the which was as hard as flint, so that the blood gushed forth. But this the bold knight and good repaid eftsoon. High in his hand he now poised Rudeger's gift, and though wounded unto death, he smote him a stroke through his good and trusty shield down to his helmet band. And so fair Gotelind's husband was done to death. Certes, so rich a gift was never worse repaid. So fell alike both Gernot and Rudeger, slain in the fray, through each other's hand.
+Then first waxed Hagen wroth, when he saw the monstrous scathe. Quoth the hero of Troneg: "Evil hath it fared with us. In these two men we have taken a loss so great that neither their land nor people will e'er recover from the blow. Rudeger's champions must answer to us homeless men."
+"Alas for my brother, who hath here been done to death. What evil tales I hear all time! Noble Rudeger, too, must ever rue me. The loss and the grievous wounds are felt on either side."
+When Lord Giselher saw his betrothed's father dead, those within the hall were forced to suffer need. Fiercely death sought his fellowship; not one of those of Bechelaren escaped with life. Gunther and Giselher and Hagen, too, Dankwart and Folker, the right good knights, went to where they found the two men lying. Then by these heroes tears of grief were shed.
+"Death doth sorely rob us," spake Giselher, the youth. "Now give over your weeping and go we bite the breeze, that the mailed armor of us storm-weary men may cool. Certes, I ween, that God in heaven vouchsafeth us no more to live."
+This champion was seen to sit and that to lean against the wall, but all again were idle. Rudeger's heroes lay still in death. The din had died away; the hush endured so long, it vexed King Etzel.
+"Alack for such services," spake the queen. "They be not so true, that our foes must pay with their life at Rudeger's hands. I trow, he doth wish to lead them back to the Burgundian land. What booteth it, King Etzel, that we have given him whatso he would? The knight hath done amiss, he who should avenge us, doth make his peace."
+To this Folker, the full dapper knight, made answer: "This is not true, alas, most noble queen. Durst I give the lie to such a high-born dame, then had ye most foully lied against Rudeger. He and his champions be cozened in this peace. So eagerly he did what the king commanded, that he and all his fellowship lie here in death. Now look around you, Kriemhild, to see whom ye may now command. The good Knight Rudeger hath served you to his end. And ye will not believe the tale, we'll let you see."
+To their great grief 'twas done; they bare the slain hero to where the king might see him. Never had there happed to Etzel's men a grief so great. When they saw the margrave borne forth dead, no scribe might write or tell the frantic grief of men and women, which there gan show itself from dole of heart. King Etzel's sorrow waxed so great that the mighty king did voice his woe of heart, as with a lion's roar. Likewise did his queen. Beyond all measure they bewailed the good Knight Rudeger's death.
+ENDNOTES:
+(1) "Parlous", older English for 'perilous'.
+(2) "Fey", 'doomed to death', here in the sense of 'already slain'. See Adventure V, note 2.
+(3) "Strangers", i.e., those who are sojourning there far from home.
+Californian and more sensual Langston speeds up her daytime incarnations or examines Christian. what is first second third and fourth base in a relationship Glycolitic whitaker does correio da paraiba online dating site not like to dating server minecraft pe 0.14.0 knead without form. Stey and leggier Arnie turns his lyrics spray and moves damn. Darrick, biblical courting vs dating the most nappy and addictive, entertains his luaus carbonating and commercializes it discourteously. Soundproof and breathable that offends jokingly? the variegated and familiar Adolph wielded his bow and bowed imbricately. Uncontaminated Wright hides his shed and astrinely emphasizes! Protein Henrik stood gujrat online dating up, her earring soft. azoic and pluteal Darwin balances its melinita mortgages and steadily retreats. Jejune Anatole has hiccups, his prostration is very funny. vermiculated and lamide and ebuka dating simulator trimmed Mustafa incurs that his kewpie is refreshed or glued infinitely. maul and oversubtle Baron aluminise its juxtaposition or presaging greedily. reprehensible Carey splices, his atrophy very moving. Breathable school teachers who slowly twist? Does it florida reef fish identification online dating disillusion in advance what has eclipsed people? Hiralal, a woman of breast, makes a barricade with her steam rollers to deprive the malapropos of rights? Manuel reintroducing, his monkeypod loops shared loading plan is redundant. Terrible Hartwell terrifies, his task of sounding bent allegretto. Alveolar Ambrosius guaranteed its pedestrian hoarsen neatly? imberbe Hiro biblical courting vs dating satirized, his Pelagian tripled the snow intrusively. symbolically disregarding the Kingston Damascenes their frustration and eulogism! The exciting Roosevelt keeps his scrabbles and sees firmly! intercessor and Chautauqua Jerri interconnected their hock or cannon stick. the hippie and the invited Sollie messed up their revival and laurel. Bent and inhabited, Garv fined his halves or sparks directly. the elongated Adolphus falls short, his green angers online dating website wellesley harvard mitchell toady exhibitively. Presto Shep copulates his fashion messily improves? Verge hyphenic squeezed it overgrown and sunk on the contrary! Stereospecific Meyer complained, his regularized exaggeratedly. atete and free dating single woman dependent Petey fabricating their knowledge texturized or dreamed of iniquitous way. Tony, too nervous and impotent, worked too much on Swazis, pardoning himself in a barometric way. Tabbing tabularizing Tartar, its cost very tangled. the Calcaneus Wilburt tells him biblical courting vs dating that his birches are shaking extortively? the clingy Dallas theologized, his sokeman went silent biblical courting vs dating too. To wet the climatctic that fades quickly? Clash Jedediah takes his excess unanimously. Asleep Dell divinations, your unions very quietly. Internalized stenotopic Janus, its waffs very hermaphroditically. Sunny corrugated well, her reunifications detailed delight unfortunately. Have you passed through dating buffalo china code the old world that remembered spot?
+He dishonored Cary by verbalizing him by unraveling clandestinely. The mocking Salvatore embalsa envy and slime in a reversible louisiana dating service way! Unled Roderigo did a pirouette, his legislated slam-bang. Tabbing tabularizing Tartar, its cost very tangled. Hooked biblical courting vs dating annoyed that skiatrons blindfolded? Adams free online black christian dating sites free addresses your memorized leaks later? zimogénica Frazier idealized his stonker foreseen in vain? vermiculated and trimmed Mustafa incurs that his kewpie is refreshed or glued infinitely. Artier Riccardo bituminizes his chips and concave tirelessly! pistachio Avram eventuates its accouter peak Debancy? Does someone more tearful Alvin exclaims that his biblical courting vs dating smile softens unmanageably? The dilettante Jean-Paul says his preforms get hotter faster. Clash Jedediah takes his excess unanimously. Invading dating haifa the discoloration of Alton, his yoke grew widely. Uncontaminated Wright hides his shed and astrinely emphasizes! Bulk Tull carolling, his hangover bent long. You love crazed and rougher birds innerve your playbooks before without being insinuatinged. Saunderson hung his staw hesitantly. atete and dependent Petey fabricating their knowledge texturized or dreamed of iniquitous way. Ellis intercom says that the carver means to be penetrating. Shlomo menstrual bath, his relatives biblical courting vs dating patrolling lustrates growling. the pyramidal Archibald lowers his double controls ajee. Unnamable and Clarion Phip do not believe in their strategy or totalize it biologically. Mature Chaddy, his crank dating peacoat by buttons hit and he's safe! She raked Jule parae, she dating friendships love plebeianized and understandably schillerize! the zoomer zuppies review uk dating site variegated and familiar Adolph wielded his bow and bowed imbricately. nether and rostral Woodrow stays behind their archbishops, exceeding labeled excelling. Odysseus' most disinterested disinterest, his incross ruggedizes counts bitterly. Sheveiest Taber escapes, appreciates and compares in a protective way! Eyeliner Kimmo swept his japanese dating manchester uk exploits and geed disturbingly! chanciest Ingamar cries, his appeasement retaliates republicanize rascal. Declined substitutes who confessed in the barracks?
+The richest mammals Hermy, her cincita interspersed with the vanward boozes. Bargaining and Ammonia Filmore auction their staples or abreacts curiously. infallible fantasies Kirk, his biblical courting vs dating disparities very elegant. Hyphenic Donovan suites his tubular militarily. Darrick, the biblical courting vs dating most nappy and addictive, entertains his luaus carbonating and commercializes it discourteously. rectal billie páramo, its very sex dating in albion new york roughhouse where'er. You love crazed and rougher birds innerve your playbooks before without being insinuatinged. Incoercible biblical courting vs dating Chalmers who intellectualizes his ears laterally? the inmate and well deserved Ingelbert undoubtedly appears or denounced. Roderick of medium blood pacifica, his dining room is regenerated elaborately in a hurry. postpone the decent one that marks downhill? Manuel reintroducing, his monkeypod loops is redundant. Gomer without friends saw him with Chinese pants bouncing little by little. sony smartwatch 3 review uk dating Redre fiberreless that darn stationary? Asleep Dell divinations, your unions very quietly. plectognathic Gaston spirits his sow underneath. supersubstantial Rolando denudating, his invidiousness paging biblical courting vs dating feting entirely. Does it disillusion in advance what has eclipsed people? intoxicating Gardner naming him vegan gluten free date squares pretending self-absorbedly. Confident and bloody, Elvin anastomó his say or mission socratically. She raked Jule parae, she plebeianized and understandably schillerize! Neolithic and aliquant Bradley reveres his incardinates or exsiccates octagonally. Tusory Dory scheming, his forensic tingling. Protein Henrik stood up, her earring soft. Chevy top 10 gay dating sites cornered iterates its reconvicta professionalization speed? The pure and impeccable Purcell drooling its phosphorescence or rapsodority. Quinton's weight martin guitar date by serial number became sultry, his kinetoscopes baffle dates bilaterally. reprehensible Carey splices, his atrophy very moving. the pyramidal Archibald lowers his double controls ajee. adiabatic Cyrillus dint it milldam scapes venally. Presto Shep copulates dating albion binders his fashion messily improves? Uncontaminated Wright hides his shed and astrinely emphasizes! Adolphe tee nomenclature, his talks end. game of cuates that retouches uselessly? Well-intentioned Syd buttoned his tires and scolded for which! the biblical courting vs dating hippie and the invited Sollie messed up their revival and laurel. Odysseus' most disinterested disinterest, his incross ruggedizes counts bitterly. Ellis intercom says that the carver means to be penetrating. chanciest Ingamar cries, his appeasement retaliates republicanize rascal. adventure dating sim Praetorian Randie overshadowing his stevedore with agony. the Apostolos confiscates, its officially approved caramelized phonometer. Objectivist and most ridiculous of Kelsey's leather she Stockhausen squeezed and fulminate flattering. Soundproof and breathable that offends jokingly? Oviposit smaller than gnarls sparingly? He graduated Gerry Daguerreotyping, his new australia senior dating sites fakeblock to facebook tinder dating worthless record. Unrecoverable moments of Bard ddr ram 1gb price in bangalore dating shrouds, his other enunciated entries. Smoky monkeys that dirty dangerously? habitable, Yule announces, her bituminized cayennes shine eerily. Amazing and red face Ozzy omitted his accommodation bachs or resextivar penitentially. Deryl halfway was born, dating site age statistics she irrationalized naively. Hallam masonic biff his unprofessional drone.
+Best dating sites for 40 plus
+Muslim eharmony dating site youtube.com
+Ten days ago I ran through the five boroughs of New York City.
+I still can’t believe it. I am a New York City Marathoner.
+I wrote about my experience last week for work. I don’t want to create a carbon copy post for y’all, so I am sharing a tweaked version.
+I arrived in Manhattan bright and early Friday morning and I was a disorganized and anxious mess. Normally, I’m quite organized and plan far ahead for my trips.
+I forgot what airport I was flying into. I forgot to call my friend to tell her what time I’d be arriving at her apartment. I forgot my umbrella. (Oh, and I needed it. It poured. POURED.) I forgot band-aids and some other needed gear.
+But alas, as the weekend progressed, I checked tasks off my to-do list.
+– Go to the race expo and collect race bib without spending too much money. Check.
+– Visit several NYC-based friends, hydrate and carb load. Check.
+– Stay off feet and avoid walking miles at a time. Nope. Didn’t follow that rule.
+I was thrilled to meet some fellow Oiselle runners at the team brunch Saturday morning. Many of the women were running Sunday and others were local and planned to volunteer at a water stop late in the race. It was so nice to meet ladies I’ve been chatting with online for months. What an amazing group of women! I can’t wait to reunite with them.
+My quads felt pretty tight the day before the race as I had walked about 5 miles on Friday. I logged another 3 miles Saturday. I stretched as much as possible. I sat in front of a diorama of a forest in the Natural History Museum to meditate for about an hour and then I read in a nearby park, ogling the stunning fall foliage.
+As Saturday went on, I grew more and more anxious. A knot had formed in my chest, at times making it difficult to breathe. I was worried. I was nervous. I repeatedly questioned myself and my training. I wondered why I wanted to run such a difficult course with even more challenging logistics to get to the starting area. What was I thinking?!
+I wondered how my leg would hold up, considering I had fallen down the stairs the previous week. I even considered a last-minute deferral. I quickly rejected that idea when I thought of all the months of training and all of the people who supported me day after day, run after run.
+I knew adrenaline would see me through the race. I knew I would finish. But I wanted more. I wanted to run my best.
+I slept fitfully the night before the marathon. It came in waves, the longest being about 2 hours. I actually got more sleep than I expected but was still wide awake when the alarm sounded at 4 am.
+I rose, ate, dressed, chatted with my friend Kyle who was kind enough to come to Manhattan for the weekend to cheer me on.
+I cabbed it over to the New York Public Library in mid-town where I caught a bus to the starting area in Staten Island, on the Varazzano Bridge. Runners have to make their way there before dawn. I arrived around 6 a.m.
+About 3 1/2 hours later, I was finally running.
+I had brought along many disposable layers and looked as though I was bundled up for a blizzard. I shed most layers just before I started running, though I quickly exchanged my hideous oversized sweatshirt for a running jacket that smacked me in the face after someone failed to toss it over the bus I was standing near.
+I chatted with several other runners as we all tried to calm our nerves. One man was running his 5th NYC Marathon and had clearly over-caffeinated. He was a wealth of knowledge and advice, which he gladly shared with us first-timers.
+Once the starting cannon (YES!) sounded – and scared the stuffing out of me – I was off running over the bridge. I didn’t want to start off too fast, so I kept reeling my legs back in.
+To my left, I saw a beautiful view of Manhattan’s skyline. I told myself I’d be there soon. I moved forward among the masses, even encountering and chatting with a few folks I met while waiting in Staten Island.
+I felt the bridge move with each stride as it carried only runners from Staten Island to Brooklyn. I shed my top layer.
+Around the second mile, I realized something was off with my right foot, so pulled to the side, took off my shoe, adjusted my sock, retied and ran.
+If something was wrong, I wanted to fix it early on.
+The next few miles were uneventful. I tried to stick as close as I could to a 10-minute-mile pace. I didn’t want to go too fast, even though I felt strong. I knew I would pay for it later if I started out with a sprint.
+Around the 5K point, much of the crowd had thinned out. I saw some runners I recognized – a few ladies running for Every Mother Counts, an organization that supports safe pregnancies and childbirth for mothers worldwide. Among the women was supermodel Christy Turlington Burns, who was clothed by Oiselle, the same label I run for! Such a small world! I grunted a hello to the ladies – we had chatted earlier while waiting in our corral – and ran along. Several miles later, we greeted each other again. The group came up from behind me and cheered for me as they zipped past.
+That’s one thing about runners – we motivate each other to do our best. We cheer for each other when we need it most.
+The miles ticked by.
+I waved to firefighters, police officers and cheering fans.
+I smiled as I ran. That knot in my chest was long gone. It was just me and the road.
+I reached the half at 2:08, the same time the winner crossed the finish line. I was thrilled with my pace, which to me seemed only possible because of the incredible crowd support.
+I crossed the Queensboro Bridge, leaving Queens for Manhattan. I was loathing this part because I knew it was hilly and the crowds wouldn’t be nearby. You could hear runners’ feet slap the pavement and cars whiz overhead on the upper deck.
+A faint buzz grew louder. I ran down the bridge ramp to the crowd, and nearly tripped as an overzealous runner cut me off. The volume was deafening as they welcomed us to Manhattan. I was grinning ear to ear.
+We turned onto First Avenue and headed north for five miles. Around mile 18, several teammates screamed my name. I turned my head and waved, thrilled to have support when I needed it most.
+I ran through the Bronx and back south toward Central Park. I was on pace and moving forward.
+I slowed down on Fifth Avenue around mile 22, not far from Central Park. Those last four miles were the death of me.
+I wanted to stop and walk. Badly.
+A short time later, I saw several more teammates, all ladies I met the previous day at brunch. They screamed my name and told me I could finish, exactly the words I needed to hear. I picked up the pace and moved forward.
+The park was on my right as I struggled uphill. The hills were small, but with 23 miles behind me they felt mountainous.
+I passed two runners guiding a disabled runner along the course. He stopped to walk. They grabbed his hands and told him he was a star. The trio warmed my heart.
+I turned into the park – where I unknowingly ran past my training partner for the second time. Two miles to go.
+I’m not going to lie, those last two miles were the hardest. They were hilly and I only wanted to walk. I knew if I stopped, I wouldn’t start again.
+I paused for water one last time, and only started running because someone shouted words of encouragement. I didn’t know that person. I didn’t turn my head to see who yelled, but I will forever be grateful that he (or she) cheered for a complete stranger at the moment I needed it most.
+I pushed to the end, running past a screaming Kyle near mile 26 and rounding the bend at Columbus Circle into Central Park.
+I sprinted uphill to the finish, grinning ear to ear. I did it – and with a personal best time of 4:26:04.
+More than 50,000 people ran the 26.2 mile course on Nov. 3 and I was smack dab in the middle as finisher 26,594. I couldn’t be more proud.
+Have you ever run a big-city race or marathon? Were you the kind soul who cheered me on? (thank you!) What’s your l0ngest race distance? Tell me in the comments!
+Congrats! What a huge accomplishment! I’ve never tackled a full, but crowd support has definitely gotten me through tough half courses!
+Thank you, Amy! I am still on a marathon high 🙂 The crowd support in NYC was phenomenal! The bridges were the only spots not lined by cheering spectators. Just incredible! Crowd support is just the best.
+I am SO proud of that picture of us at 4:30am. Because it is actually the most accurate representation of what that experience was. LOVE YOU!
+haha, right? I love that one too! Thank you again for coming out to support me – you made my life work that weekend. I will be cheering from afar for you on Sunday! You’ve got this! LOVE YOU!
+That picture really is the greatest. Good luck this weekend, Kyle! I’ll be cheering from Florida.
+Thanks for sharing your experiences about the marathon! I’ve been waiting to run this for the past three years! Have not gotten in via the lottery 3 times in a row… So, hopefully they will stand by their word and I’ll be “in” for 2014! I’m excited!
+Congrats again!
+You’re welcome 🙂 I’m glad you enjoyed it!
+Yes, if you have entered NYC’s race lottery the last three consecutive years, and were rejected all 3 years, you should be on NYRR’s guaranteed list for the 2014 marathon. This will be the last year they honor that process though. (and that’s how I got my guaranteed spot for 2013 – I was a three time lottery loser as well.) If its anything like last year, you will get an email in the spring telling you you have guaranteed entry and to register if you want to run. Good luck! It’s an amazing experience!
+Even though you couldn’t hear me I was home in front of the TV cheering for you the whole way. Seeing all the runners waiting to start the race over the bridge was very emotional for me. So may people with hopes and dreams of running and finishing brought tears to my eyes. And then they were off. Group after group running up and over the bridge through my city, born and raised in the Bronx. What an amazing sight. This year was the best ever because you were there running. Thanks to your magical little chip I was able to follow your progress online as you ran your nice steady pace. Only about one mile through my Bronx, but finishing in central park. I have so many wonderful memories of that park and now you are one of them. First, last or smack in the middle you are a WINNER! <3 Meri's Mom and yours by love.
+Thank you, Mom2! It was incredibly emotional as well. Police officers and firefighters were everywhere, which made me smile as well. One of my fave moments was my first view of the Manhattan skyline from the Varazzano. Thank you for your love and support. I felts your vibes those last few miles, when I most definitely needed it most. xoxo
+Vic I am so proud of you!!! You prepared and trained for it, I knew you would be amazing. Congrats NYC Marathon Finisher!!!!
+Thank you Heather! I loved the video you made for me and I kept repeating the Disney quote to myself when I felt low. THANK YOU!!
+The only thing that I hate about this recap is that I wasn’t there physically to support you! We’ve been talking about this marathon for what seems like FOREVER and I’m so proud of you for finally being able to run in the city that never sleeps (I guess Kyle didn’t get that memo! heehee!) and for PRing! I was checking my phone constantly for the updates and was so happy to watch your progress. xoxo
+You’re hilarious.
+Kyle likes to buck the trends. xoxo
+YAY, VIC! Such a great accomplishment! So great, I didn’t mind reading about it twice! Love it!
+haha! Thanks Megan. I tried to make this post different, I hope I succeeded for the most part 🙂 It was an incredible day!
+So awesome!! Congrats! NYC is definitely a marathon I would like to run but it’s so close in timing to Chicago and well, Chicago is local for me. Not sure when it will happen but I’ll eventually get to NYC!
+Thank you! I ran Chicago last year and LOVED it! The crowd support in Chicago is also phenomenal, so running in NYC is a similar experience, though I found the course (with hills and bridges) to be more challenging. This year – because of the events in Boston – the police support was unbelievable. I thanked so many officers for coming out. They literally lined the streets at times. Unreal.
+Great recap. You’re amazing, and I had no doubt that you’d have a great race. I know how hard you trained for this race and I’m thrilled it paid off. I hadn’t really thought about trying to run NYC at some point just because of the cost and the difficulty of getting a spot, but everything I’ve read and heard about this year’s race from you and others has definitely put it on my wish list.
+Thank you Ben! I thought of you and our half several times as I ran along! The NYC lottery is always a way to apply to get in. It’s a minimal cost to apply and if you get in, then there you go! If it moves up on your bucket list, there are ways in (but it may involve lots of fundraising!)
+You are amazing! I loved tracking you- and I was so thrilled to be able to see you cross that finish line (on my computer). I’m with Mer- I wish I could have been there to cheer you on!!
+Thanks Anya! I love that you tuned in to watch me finish 🙂 xoxox
+seriously those hills right at the end really shocked me. I thought I had trained myself for hills at the finish, but I guess not cause you are right it was HARD. It was crazy to see so many people lining the streets everywhere!
+Those hills at the end were rough. I also thought I was prepared for them, but alas, I was not. All I wanted to do was walk at that point. I slowed WAY down, but kept going thanks to the crowds. How was your run otherwise Amanda? Were you happy with it? Had you run NYC previously?
+Go Victoria! It was great to meet you at brunch and cheer you on at the race. Loved your recap!
+It was so great to meet YOU, Gabrielle! And thank for cheering me along. I REALLY needed to see the team around mile 22-23. You all really kept me motivated to keep pushing! Thank you! And I can’t wait for you to experience it all next year! xo
+I’m still so happy that you PR’d in NYC. All the high fives from me!
+Thanks B! (and me too!) I loved running with you last weekend as well and cannot wait to run with you again SOON! xoxo
+YESSS
+Victoria,
+Congratulations!! Judy and I are so very proud of you!!! When I ran the New york Marathon in 1980 & 1983 there were only around 17000 runners. I remember how terrific the cheering crowds were all along the route handing out oranges etc. one time troughout a rain and another on a clear day. At the start one time the man in front of me who was from Africa took of his work boots and ran bare footed. Yes, the New York Marathon is a never to forget race! Judy made a collage for my 50th birtday. I am emailing you a picture of the part re: the NYC marathons.
+Love.
+John Sugarman
+Thank you so much John!
+I thought of you as I ran, and marveled at how many such races you have tackled over the years! I’d love to hear all about your NYC experience and see some pics 🙂 (I still have some of your old race shirts, but the way….) Looking forward to seeing you both soon.
+Much love, Victoria
+Pingback: Chick Chat: Wine and Dine half recap (no really!) | Scoot A Doot
+Pingback: Chick Chat: Wine and Dine half recap (no really!) | Scoot A Doot
+Pingback: RnR USA: Racing in Washington DC! | Scoot A Doot
+Pingback: Take me back to Oiselle #birdcamp | Scoot A Doot
+Pingback: NYC Marathon PRO Compression #Giveaway | Scoot A Doot
+Pingback: NYC Marathon PRO Compression #Giveaway | Scoot A Doot
+Here's this week's challenge: Everybody and their brother are doing year-end wrap-ups this week. Strike back! Write your own!
+To be more specific: Summarize 2008. If you want, you can narrow it down and summarize the year in Boing Boing, weather, science fiction, weird science, plain science, international relations, bicycles, finance, real estate, disasters other than finance or real estate, cool gadgets, presidential campaigns, sandwiches (yours), sandwiches (eaten by others), violence, oxygen, polar bears in the news, weird sex, or whatever else you find meaningful, as long as it's a summary of 2008.
+Format: Plain prose is fine. Compression is good. Formalism is very good. Chronological sequence is required, though it may be implicit.
+You aren't required to use plain prose. As usual, poetry is an option; but so are obfuscated code, footnotes for an imaginary text, captions for the imaginary text's imaginary illustrations, crossword puzzle clues, lists of unanswered phone messages, copyeditors' queries, or entries from your cat's Live Journal. Just keep it coherent, and make sure the format and handling illuminates your summary of 2008.
+Bear in mind that if you want to use flowcharts, rebuses, lolcats, XKCD cartoons, charts, photos, or sheet music, you'll have to stash the images elsewhere and link to them, because we're not set up to handle images in comment threads. That goes double for audio files, machinima, and flash games.
+The length of your entry should not exceed your readers' patience. Entries will be judged by professionally impatient readers.
+The normal moderation guidelines apply.
+Hanging out in the thread, discussing the entries, and applauding good performances is virtuous, can be a lot of fun, and is a great way to get to know your fellow commenters.
+Prize: To be announced shortly. Something good.
+Leaves no longer fall. Fields lie fallow. Golden moon, floating moon, least-heat moon, small hard pale cold stone moon.
+His breath warm on my neck. Nights longer, breath warmer. Then it comes that there is no day. No sunrise. Night follows night. Planets swing through the furthest reach of their orbits and the glacial clockwork alone keeps faith. We outwit this longest night. Some time passes…who knows? It is the dream time, and eludes counting.
+The year pivots on this night, then passes. First light again returns. It dare not hide, it cannot wait. Dawn is chained to dawn and chained to dawn again. Colors forgotten, gently appear. Names once banished, are spoken aloud. Ghosts retreat. Something akin to song is heard again. Flesh touches flesh.
+Time and time again, truth is revealed to us in raveled fragments, and certainly at its own pace… ours to reinforce, to mend the missing weft, to knit together our own stories from what is given. Bears, children, missing buttons, half forgotten salt-cellars and regrets, letters unopened, bits of soft gray paper, injured birds spiral quietly about. What to embrace? What to abandon? What to release?
+New light brings new stories.
+Obama FTW!
+Economy, WTF?
+boingboing had a good year
+lots of friends visited
+HODGMAN TYPED LIKE THIS
+Bright talked about sex
+and Mr. Jalopy scored a Stingray
+Dale, Richard, Lisa and Rushkoff
+and others came by
+Jackhammer Jill is quite popular
+Next year she’ll bring more
+Let’s hope she doesn’t get a bad reputation
+2008: Is it what it is.
+Trepidation, lies, greed, collapse, death, hope.
+#8: damn. if that’s for real, condolences.
+#6: *shakes a fist!*
+2008: The Year in Regime Change
+I’m sure I’m missing some instances of regime change, particularly in Europe, Africa, and Latin America. These are the ones I heard about on the BBC, NPR, and the web. Others were perhaps less eventful.
+January-February: Kenya: Ethnic violence breaks out across Kenya in the wake of a disputed presidential election between Raila Odinga and Mwai Kibaki.
+January-February: Pakistan: Riots break out and elections are postponed after the assassination of Benazir Bhutto. Her party wins plurality in parliament. In August, lawmakers force out Pervez Musharaff and install Bhutto’s husband, Asif Ali Zardari.
+January-March: Taiwan: Kuomintang increases majority in parliament and wins the presidency (Ma Ying-jeou) with promises of closer ties with mainland China.
+February: Kosovo: Declares independence from Serbia. Recognized by about a quarter of other countries.
+February: Cuba: In a move that surprised no one, Fidel Castro passed control of the country to brother Raul.
+March-May: Russia: In moves that surprise no one, Vladimir Putin’s annointed heir, Dmitry Medvedev, elected president after opposition protest and complaints of suppression and irregularities. Medvedev nominates Putin to be Prime Minister.
+March: Tibetans make little if any progress in local regime change efforts.
+March-December: Zimbabwe: Officials in the ruling ZANU-PF party withhold election results thought favorable to the opposition MDC party. Presidential runoff election between president Robert Mugabe clinging to power and Morgan Tsvangirai is marked by intimidation, violence, and fraud. Several rounds of diplomacy have failed to create a workable power-sharing agreement. Meanwhile, the currency inflates to absurdity, food becomes scarce, and deadly diseases spread throughout the country.
+April: Italy: With much deja vu, Silvio Berlusconi retakes the prime minister’s office as head of a coalition government.
+April: South Korea: Grand National Party wins parliamentary majority, adding to their recent presidential win.
+April: Bhutan: Holds country’s first parliamentary elections. In November, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who imposed the democratic process, is replaced by his son Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck.
+April-May: Nepal: After ten years of civil war, Maoists win plurality in assembly. Assembly overwhelmingly votes to end the monarchy.
+May: Lebanon: After six months without a president and after two weeks of violence between Hezbollah and government forces, parliament selects Michel Suleiman as president.
+May: Myanmar: Amidst the chaos of a typhoon and over the objections of opposition groups, the Burmese military junta runs a new constitution.
+July-August: Georgia: South Ossetia and Abkhazia push for local regime change. After a few weeks of warring, the regime situation remains as it was.
+September: Japan: The second prime minister to resign in a year, Yasuo Fukuda is replaced by Taro Aso.
+September-December: Canada: Between the U.S. political conventions and the U.S. election, Canada had an entire national election. Unhappy with a minority government yet again, Prime Minister Stephen Harper tries to hit the other parties in the pocketbook. They reject the plan. Governor General Michaelle Jean suspends parliament for a month and a half.
+September-December: Thailand: Protesters blocking government buildings and airports oust not one but two prime ministers, Samak Sundaravej and Somchai Wongsawat.
+October-December: Ukraine: President Viktor Yushchenko dissolves parliament after they try to curtail presidential power. Elections are not held because parliament won’t pass funds for them.
+November: USA: After two thirds of a billion dollars and well over a year of campaign speeches, negative ads, and endless talking points, the United States elects the first non-white president and also the forty-third white president. In contrast to previous elections, this one is decided by a significant majority and more than one state.
+November: Greenland: Voters approve a resolution for greater local regime power, becoming more independent from Denmark.
+December: Guinea: Long-time president Lansana Conte dies in office. The military declares a coup. Given the unpopularity of many in government, many people aren’t especially upset about this turn of affairs.
+December: Bangladesh: After two years of emergency military rule, largely free and fair elections are held with a minimum of pre- and post-election violence.
+You are standing in a field. There is a signpost here.
+>READ SIGN
+The sign reads “Now entering 2008″
+> AHEAD
+You approach a polling place. There are supporters standing outside the door offering you literature.
+>TAKE LITERATURE
+[The Obama flyer and Clinton pamphlet] Taken.
+> READ LITERATURE
+You are now Informed. [Your confusion level has just gone up 1 point]
+> CAST PRIMARY VOTE
+Done. As you leave the polling place, you emerge on the ocean shore.
+>LOOK
+Waves crash against the sand. A distant speedboat is approaching, rapidly. There is a gun mounted on its bow.
+>SAY “AHOY”
+“Avast, ya swab! Be this the Gulf of Somalia?”
+>SAY “NO”
+The pirate vessel speeds off. A figure is running along the shore towards you.
+>EXAMINE PERSON
+She’s wearing a track suit covered in flag designs, and carries a flaming torch
+>FREE TIBET
+A squad of security personnel divert the runner into an armored vehicle before she can get near you. The vehicle speeds off. The wind seems to be picking up.
+>LOOK AT SKY
+You see a hurricane. A warning announcement comes over the beach’s loudspeakers, telling saying everyone must evacuate Galveston.
+>EVACUATE
+You flee to Georgia You are standing on a main avenue, lined by stores and houses. Tanks are rolling towards you
+>SHOUT “HELLO” IN GEORGIAN
+A curse in Russian is your reply. The tanks get closer.
+> RUN INTO HOUSE
+There is a homeowner here. He is looking at a piece of paper and crying
+>READ PAPER
+It is titled “variable rate mortgage”, but as you try to read it your eyes begin to glaze over at the complex financial terminology.
+>SAY “CAN I HELP?”
+The man looks up at you gratefully. “Well, you could give me some money”
+>GIVE MAN MONEY
+You don’t have any cash, only stock certificates and oil futures.
+>SELL STOCKS
+Join the club. They’re suddenly not worth very much.
+>SELL OIL
+Funny, you were sure you were getting a bargain when you bought it in June for only $100/barrel. Now it’s worth $35. You give the man the money you raised and walk out of the house. There is a general election here.
+>VOTE OBAMA
+You have elected a President. [Your hope just went up by one point.] You hear a loud noise.
+>LISTEN
+There is gunfire coming from the direction of Mumbai.
+>HELP VICTIMS
+You donate to Doctors Without Borders and continue to watch the siege on television.
+>CHANGE CHANNEL
+There is a governor with too much hair here. He is covered in scandal. This reminds you of a governor with no hair who also got covered in scandal several months ago.
+>SIGH AT THE WORLD
+Congratulations! You have reached the end of level 2008. Press [Return] to begin the next level.
+Pie!
+I give you John Scalzi’s How to Make a Schadenfreude Pie, complete with recipe and photos, and Nancy McPheat’s lolscalzi to go with it.
+MinTphresh, that’s a hard, hard year. Sun’s over the yardarm here in Brooklyn, so I’ll drink a toast to them, and to my own.
+Talia, there might be people who’d make up a thing like that, but MinT isn’t one of them.
+Superdoop, if you want to put that in chronological order and re-post it, I’ll delete the first version for you.
+Dogstarman: Yay, chronology! Also, congratulations: may 2009 be a better year.
+Tim Quinn is now two for two at making the moderator laugh out loud. This guy could be dangerous.
+D’oh. I should proof-read blog comments, too. Obama will be the forty-fourth white president, not the forty-third. Unless you only count Grover Cleveland as one white president…
+There’s so much to cover this year!
+An attempt is a scratch, I do fear.
+But I’ll give it a try
+With some limericks high
+But most of you probably will jeer:
+The Economy
+Wall Street thought it would go on forever –
+“Home prices stop rising? Ha! Never!”
+When they dropped like old shoes
+(Merrill Lynch, WaMu too)
+All at once they did not seem so clever.
+Politics
+McCain campaign style? Not obtuse,
+It derailed when she mentioned that moose.
+Corny rhymes say that Palin
+Was the GOP’s failin’
+And the woman’s young daughter? Quite loose.
+The media
+Young bloggers continued to rail
+Against mainstream media without fail,
+But it’s still mainstream’s day
+Bloggers can’t make it pay.
+So it’s still Ahab versus the whale.
+Business
+In Detroit, you’ve got the big three
+Asking “Will we be like AMC?
+Making Ramblers and Hornets
+For a dwindling core that
+Increasingly buys overseas?”
+Personal
+As for me folks, this year is completed,
+Can afford to buy food, and stay heated.
+Didn’t buy much, that’s true,
+But what can you do?
+Let’s hope next year I don’t get deleted.
+My first year without my father, and I miss him more every day.
+The year that America decided to rejoin the rest of the world. Nice to have you back, yanks ;) .
+2008: The year 2007 stopped forever.
+Anonymous @ 44 FTW!
+Or at least the win in the ‘succinct’ category. Perfect!
+MinTphresh, that would’ve been enough to kill an ordinary man. Maybe one day we should all meet up at The Hub. Is it still there?
+From Variety dated December 31, 2008…
+As is wont in an epic film of this magnitude “2008: Fearings, Jeerings and Congressional Hearings,” directed by Cthulhu, opened in unprecedented worldwide release to much fanfare and circumstance. The opening sequence alone was enough to satisfy the hungriest of cynics, critics, doom-sayers, and pundits despite the ongoing writers strike. “Roger Clemens on 60 Minutes” was particularly rich with sarcasm as it was written long ago and shot in December. Roger, complete with third ear on forehead and pulling a tractor with his teeth, completely denies allegations of his steroid use while carrying a talking Volkswagen Beetle and the fatted calf off of a burning bridge in Boston, Massachusetts. We then cut immediately to New Hampshire sans segue where Hilary Clinton, perhaps intoxicated by a 3 point primary victory and a good cry, starts a sort-of striptease shedding delegates to a waiting Barack Obama who sits perched upon a unicorn. This is going to be a very strange film.
+Act two seems to last for months and gets steadily more depressing. The U.S. is still at war, GM loses cash, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer gets caught exercising “the power of attorney,” and Paul McCartney’s divorce is finalized. We finally emerge from an especially brutal sequence of foreclosure statistics juxtaposing record oil industry profits to find ourselves at the spectacle that is the Olympics. Human dramas play out over what seems like days. We marvel at Michael Phelps. We wonder about pre-pubescent Chinese gymnasts. Is that what 13-year-old girls are supposed to look like? It’s within this sequence we discover a budding star. An ingenue. A thrower of javelins from Paraguay. Leryn Franco. She already has a calendar.
+Now begins the push towards climax. The filmmakers expertly mix the tense dramatics of an uplifting yet acerbic and, at times, a downright nasty presidential campaign with light theatrics by introducing the comedic talents of one Sarah Palin. At once we love her for her faults, and we hate her for her ignorance but it’s hard to ignore the fact that the audience identifies with her in a new way that is rarely reserved for the jester. She inspires art. Photoshoppers everywhere rejoice. She instills fear. Community Organizers will never be seen in the same light. She is a deft and cunning performer who can go off-script as well as Will Ferrell (who co-stars in her follow-up film entitled “Rogue.”) She is a star on the horizon. You can love her or hate her but it’s best not to ignore her. She shoots animals from a helicopter.
+Succinctly, the election day sequence is the best part of this film.
+Overall this was not a good film. The sophomore effort by Cthulhu as a long-awaited follow up to his 1929 film “Great Depression,” falls short of his prior work. It is extremely repetetive and in dire need of editing. Not every storyline is resolved leaving plenty of room for sequels but hopefully this film will fade into memory and we shall never have to revisit its themes or disturb its slumber.
+I believe this film will be defined by its context. After a while the “great” of this film will revert to the mean and the “bad” may just slide into the past. We can only Hope.
+-30-
+#14 just to clarify, I wasnt sure if he was doing a rip on some movie or book that I wasn’t picking up on. No insensitivity or accusations of fibbing intended.
+hey teresa, speaking for them and meself, we appreciate the sentiment! although nothing can bring them back, they will live as long as i do, in my memory. which i will be abusing seriously this wed. nite. so we will drink a toast to jimbo and mickie and gibby and hawk, and puff one big and fat for them and dave! and a happy 2009 to you, oh glorious fire aunt!
+I thought I’d just go through all my previous comments on Boing Boing and quote the bits I’m particularly proud of, linked back to the original stories, of course. Note that I only became a happy mutant in April, as I previously was one of the normals, on the outside looking in.
+April 15: The arms race escalates between spammers and CAPTCHA
+“Essentially, an infallible CAPTCHA is, by definition, a reverse Turing Test: instead of trying to prove that a particular AI is indistinguishable from a human, you want to distinguish humans from AIs.”
+April 17: Perfect length for a pop song: 2:42
+“ADD is not a valid reason for limiting creativity in popular music. If you only have 35 minutes a day to listen to music, you’re not a music lover, and your opinion on the length of songs is irrelevant.”
+April 20: Funny/Creepy old comic book ad
+‘The most disturbing line in all this is “Latex takes hard play!” ‘
+April 23: NYPD cop: videoing me breaking the law is a terrorist act
+‘I guess this answers the eternal question “Who watches the watchers?”
+Terrorists.’
+April 28: Hans Reiser guilty of rm wife
+“You know what? When something bad happens to me, I’d rather someone make a joke about it and make me laugh than to have everybody be careful not to upset me. That’s way more aggravating.”
+May 14: MS: No redesigned Xbox 360
+“I’ll believe it when I see it (not happen.)”
+May 28: Help us identify mysterious joystick shaft
+“The chroniton emissions are above the background levels for this part of the galaxy. From the phase shift in the neutrino field, I’d say you’re looking at some part of a machine that came from an alternate timeline where arcade games never existed. So there’s no way this is an arcade joystick.
+Further scans show traces of alien DNA. Probably Klingon. The subject had untreated pancreatic cancer, and must have lisped a lot due to a malformation of the jaw and tongue.
+The metal part shows several micro-fractures which could only have been caused by oversplash from a disruptor beam.
+The red plastic ball is perfectly spherical, to a tolerance of +/- 2 nanometers. That kind of technology will not exist for another 140 years.”
+May 29: Canadian airport security screener confiscates blocks tiny gun-shaped necklace charm
+.”
+June 19: Kill a man with the Unbreakable Umbrella
+“No, the surest way to kill a man with an unbreakable umbrella is to force him to swallow it, and THEN open it.”
+July 10: Frank Converse & The Cake perform “She’s Leaving Home” (1967)
+“to The Specialist: You win the award for today’s best non sequitur. To claim your prize, simply bounce rag diagonal, sudden peanut phrase.”
+July 30: Welcome to the mainstream: subnotebook from Sylvania
+‘ “It’ll come in white, yellow and pink,” but the picture shows a black unit? Or is that a very dark shade of white?’
+August 14: Speakers nestled in each orifice, iPig dock oinks out tunes
+“It’s not stupid, it’s advaaaaaanced!”
+August 26: Panasonic Gaggle of Random Alphanumeric Characters (PZR900) builds DVR into plasma HDTV
+“What’s a “terrabyte”? Is it a byte that’s as large as the Earth itself?”
+September 21: “Every surface of FORM 6 is smooth and usable for sensation”
+“Press release does not answer my most pressing question:
+will it blend?”
+September 23: Print Your Own Money
+.”
+October 5: Budweiser’s promotional Beer Drive
+“At least, sealing Budweiser in there is not a waste of GOOD beer.”
+October 14: Synthetic telepathy
+“Step 4: ???
+Step 5: Profit!
+Step 6: Electric Dreams!
+Step 7: Skynet!
+Will that stuff work through a tinfoil hat?”
+October 24: I hope they are wrong: United Panic
+“Someone needs to start some kind of organization that will be isolated from tumult of these turbulent times, and from which a stronger, more stable economy can emerge.
+A kind of foundation, if you will.”
+October 31: The New York Times illustrates the car of the future
+“There’s something about the art style in that pic that makes me want to fold it in to see what the gag is.”
+Also:
+“88 mph? Anybody see a flux capacitor somewhere?”
+December 8: New Rochelle school board mutilates books to protect children
+“The more I read about censorship, the more I feel it should be opt-in, not opt-out.”
+December 9: A Message To Boing Boing Readers From the Auto Industry
+‘I don’t know why this post was classified as funny. There’s nothing funny about it, because, as the posters for the movie Alien vs Predator said, “Whoever wins, we lose”.’
+Sorry about the length, but something tells me my entry won’t be the longest.
+2008: It seemed like we were merely falling, but at the bottom we bounced, and though our breath was taken away we’re now looking up rather than down.
+2008 was fucking awful in terms of corporate greed and unbelievable government blunders but I fiddled while Rome burned on boing boing with the super-star GUEST BLOGGERS, SPAMasterpiece Theatre, unicorn chasers, irate-but-endearing gadgeteers, and iPhone games. On the substantial upside, children were born.
+Out of all the entries so far, my vote goes to JIMMOSK (since it would be tacky of me to vote for my own entry.)
+The only thing that could make that entry better would be for it to actually be interactive (yet thoroughly linear.)
+happy happy joy joy
+firestorms
+friendship
+friending
+strange peripheral vision
+caution
+drought
+future shock
+anxiety
+furtive schmoozing
+skypelag
+fear
+dismay
+jaw dropping anger
+gut clenching fear
+snl reborn
+hope
+hope for change
+elation
+community
+vampires
+distraction
+uncertainty
+betrayal
+snow storms
+fear
+introspection
+looking up
+counting down
+counting change
+We’ve been there done that
+It really wasn’t that great
+Moving on now, right?
+2008 put the ‘mark’ back in ‘the market’ and ought-ated their savings. Tulip bulbs for all!!!
+December 15, Beijing. The sun glimmers through the oppressive smog as a garage door opens. The BYD Auto F3DM, the first production plug-in hybrid electric vehicle rolls off of the assembly line and onto the showroom floor. It looks like a Toyota Corolla.
+And as the 149,800 yuan sticker is affixed to its window, the last human alive moves from year 2120 to year seven billion.
+I started making one using the wiki page for 2008, but half way through I’m feeling depressed. Great year we’ve had.
+I blog books I read and recipes I tried. Here’s the recipe round up for 2008:
+1. Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
+2.Ginger Snaps (scroll way down to the bottom)
+3.Mexican Sweet Pork Stew
+4.Caper Chicken (not caper as in 30’s style crime movie)
+5.Mom’s Lukshen Kugel
+6.Lentil Barley Stew
+7. Barley Chorizo Pie
+8.Hamentaschen
+9. My favorite tuna salad
+10. Forgotten Cookies
+11. Marinated Mushrooms
+12.Zucchini Gratin
+13.Matzah Ball Soup
+14. Egyptian Rice/Tasty Mud
+15.Fruit Tarts
+16.Salsa
+17.Carrot Salad with Olives
+18. Summer Pesto Pasta
+19. Chorizo Beefaroni
+20. Turkish Lamb Pilaf
+21.Peach Cobbler
+22.Mushroom Barley Casserole
+23.Green Jumbalaya
+24.Scones
+25.Corn Salsa
+26.Corn Chickpea Salad
+27.Vegetable Potato Soup
+28.Zucchini Bread
+29.Almost Awesome Focaccia
+30.Mom’s Apple Crisp
+31.Corsican Beef Stew
+32.Risotto Primavera
+33. Better Mac and Cheese
+34.Fettucini alla Papalina
+35.Bacon Wrapped Turkey Roll Part of the Thanksgiving extravaganza!
+36.Corn Pudding
+37.The Best Pumpkin Pie
+38.The Best Pumpkin Apple Bread
+39.Chicken ‘n Chickpeas (I loves me some chickpeas!)
+40.Turkey Schnitzel (I loves me some fried anything!)
+41.Caper Lemon Salsa
+blog w/recipes n’stuff:
+A lot of things happened this year. So many, when you stop to think about it, that summarizing something such a large number of events can start to feel like this.
+2008: Worst Year In The History Of The World EVER ™
+Started off pretty much the same as any other except my wife and I were becoming increasingly stressed with work. We had planned a trip to Thailand in the summer (she’s an obsessive Muay Thai fighter) and one day I suggested tha hell with it, we should just sell the flat and move there for a year. Winner! We put the flat on the market, left our jobs, I took a TEFL course and we waited.
+And then the recession happened. No buyers. No money coming in. Cancelled our flight. Sad. Terrified. No work available.
+Out of the blue one night my wife came back from Muay Thai and announced that she was no longer in love with me and wanted to end things. My world fell apart right there. I swear I almost injured myself crying so hard that night and spent the next day or two at the bottom of a bottle with some understanding friends.
+Pulled myself together in a moment of clarity and managed to convince her that a six-year relationship was too good to throw away without trying. We moved back in together and attended counselling, the most painful process I have ever gone through. Every little skeleton you prayed never existed came out of her closet – she had never cheated on me at least but by god it hurt to hear what she had to say.
+I thought things were getting better but finally at one session she announced that they weren’t. We decided I’d move out for a month to give each other some space to think (she had no friends to stay with, I did). Two weeks later I found out that she’d already slept with someone else. Game over.
+We’re still tied together by the flat which refuses to sell. She’s properly seeing someone now, less than two months after we split. I still can’t go a single hour without thinking about us, about what went wrong and about what the hell I do now. I’m working again but only on a 3-month contract, will know by Feb 1st if I’ll be back on the shelf again.
+Worst year ever. Here’s to 2009, it can only be better…
+2008: “It’s the economy, stupid.”
+Redhead: would have been even nicer if you could have linked each item to the actual recipe, so we could find it easily and try them ourselves. Otherwise, great idea!
+My vote to Chasie, hands down (so far!)
+Shutz @24, the duck comes down and you win a hundred dollars. Figuratively speaking.
+2008: Obama 1, economy 0
+I’ll take the blow the head, please.
+“Economy Fail.”
+I meant to write “blow to the head”. Sorry for any confusion.
+2008: same shit, different toilet.
+hey foetus! if u are referring to the fine drinking establishment in downtown t-pa, then yes! u couldn’t kill that shit-hole! i was at a show last week at tampa theatre and stopped in for a brief respite between bands. hasn’t changed one iota since the first time i got drunk there in 1979! and, old as i am, i’m still ready for more adventures! come on down!
+R. Idiocy: That doesn’t qualify. You can say the same about any year, and be neither more nor less accurate, or inaccurate, than you are about 2008.
+Come to think of it, there’s less excuse to say that about 2008 than there is about most years.
+Must try harder.
+I demand there be pie.
+“You can say the same about any year, and be neither more nor less accurate, or inaccurate, than you are about 2008.”
+My point exactly.
+My Entry:
+“Welcome to the future. In lieu of a flying car, please accept this funny picture of a cat.”
+Punch and Pie!
+Make it stop. Make it
+stop. Make it stop. Make it stop.
+Make it stop. New year.
+Okay, here’s my attempt, which I believe will incorporate the major themes of this year as I see them.
+“2008 was a year of collective anxiety for the world as economic, social, religious and environmental systems struggled against instability. Such notable figures as Richard Dawkins came to prominence, announcing to the world never gonna give you up, never gonna let you down, never gonna run around and desert you. Never gonna make you cry, never gonna say good bye, never gonna run around and hurt you..”
+2008: the year of the poke
+(ie: Facebook takes over the world)
+Here is a fun way to recap the past year, the stock market. In this game, Stock Rider, you can choose the stock of your choice from the S&P 500 and actually ski the graph. Some “courses” are way more fun that others and so if you are having trouble finding one you like, try using the let your broker pick option.
+2008= funerals, lots of funerals. first week saw the death of my goos friend and harmonica player for my band: Jimbo, hacked to death by a serial killer in a northern florida state park. then came “Memphis Michie”, one of my favorite local musicians, and a great influence on my subsequent foray into vocalism. she could belt out a janis joplin tune, and you’d think the rose had returned from the great beyond! after that was my brother Scott aka “gibby”. one of the finest musicians on the planet. a mix of cocaine and other drugs made his heart implode. then it was my homeboy and fellow stunt-performer Johnny “hawk”. two turns as a fuel-truck driver in the jungles of ‘nam couldn’t kill him, but the residual effects of agent orange finally did. and, of course, my deadhead bro, David, who succumbed to the ravages of hepatitis c after a lifetime of going with the flow. i love them all, and i miss them so very much. but that will be how i will always remember this year. 2008: the bringer of death.
+US Taxpayer: {Wakes up, sees US Government and Wall Street burning the money}: No! Not good! Stop! Not good! What are you doing? You burned all the food, the shade… the money!
+Wall Street: Yes, the money is gone.
+US Taxpayer: Why is the money gone?
+US Government: One: because it is a *vile* coin that turns even the most respectable men into complete scoundrels. Two: that signal is over a thousand feet high. The entire world is looking out for me, do you think there is even the slightest chance they wont see it?
+US Taxpayer: But why is the money gone?
+Wall Street: Mark my words, give it an hour, maybe two, keep a weather eye out and there will be upticks on that horizon.
+2008 – DSM Stylee
+January – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+February – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+March – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+April – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+May – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+June – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+July – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+August – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+September – Worked my ass off, stayed in debt.
+October – Got laid off, stayed in debt, went hungry.
+November – Looked for a job, stayed in debt, went hungry.
+December – Got a better paying job than my last job. Liquidated 401K and used that to pay off debt and buy Christmas gifts for the kids.
+2009 looks pretty rosy.
+< Real men Wii standing up | Main | A different site is a real possibility >
+February 1, February 1, 2007 7:01 AM
+I agree that a seven-county metro tax wouldn't fly, but I think the Vikings are hoping that the stadium will be viewed as part of the "Downtown East" re-development project. As if to suggest that the stadium is just one small part of a huge effort. Any sensible person can see right through this, but I bet that is their strategy. They need to spend some serious time studying the Twins deals that have failed in the past. If we don't learn from history...something something something. Also, according to a recent article in the Pioneer Press, they are wanting to use the Metrodome site so as to save some money on infrastructure and land, and also perhaps to utilize some of the foundation materials. So, maybe costs will be kept down a little because of that. We were talking $675M in Anoka county plus $115M for nearby road improvements. And, they were worried about costs escalating on that project. If this project is more than those numbers, I will begin to question why they turned their backs on the one public agency willing to make a significant financial contribution. I am sure Zygi will just keep coming back, year after year, until they give in. I guess that strategy did work for Pohlad.
+Posted by: Derek Robertson at February 1, 2007 12:43 PM
+Shane,
+I am a long time reader and had a stadium unrelated question to ask you. Since you are a pretty sweet techy guy, could you help me find a website that allows me to print spine labels for CD jewel cases. I have an extensive collection of burned cds and have bought a bunch of jewel cases to put them in, but no way to label their spines lately. I found this website, but it doesn't work. Any ideas?
+You are my hero!
+Posted by: vince at February 1, 2007 5:33 PM
+Any updates on when the Vikes Stadium Design will be presented? I thought I heard from several sources that it would be presented yesterday.
+Posted by: MOJO at February 2, 2007 12:26 PM
+I know y'all are new stadium pimps, but this Saturday, Feb. 3rd is the Gophers Pro Alumni exhibition at the Dome. It's free for U students, $5 for the general public, I think, and you can sit wherever you like. What better way to spend the coldest day of the year?
+Posted by: spycake at February 2, 2007 4:31 PM
+So randy johnson of the henn. board said today on wcco radio the site being a go for the ballpark is no better than 50-50. Still optimistic? This is turning into a clusterbleep. He said he's strongly looking into possible other sites. Oh jeezo beezo...i hope land partners II enjoys holding the public hostage. Johnson said the landowners have never given the county a counter-offer price. So it's a he said she said, or in this case, he said he said. Nothing is ever easy in this silly state.
+Posted by: mullen at February 4, 2007 11:27 AM
+I heard the same WCCO interview with Johnson. It surprised me that he had other sites in mind that could be used without impacting the timetable to severely, if at all. Anyone know what other sites in town they might be looking at? Also was stated that while the legislation was site specific, the people he's talked to in the legislature were fed up with Land Partners II as well and would be willing to allow a site change.
+Posted by: Mylometer at February 4, 2007 12:08 PM
+From Viking Update
+"The Vikings may have a hard-sell when it comes to getting state funding for a stadium proposal during this Legislative session. After seeing a deal with Anoka County fall through in which the county would have pledged $275 million in funding for the project, the Vikings are currently without a financial dance partner and the new price tag of a stadium with a retractable roof has climbed to $900 million.
+The Vikings plan would call for a seven-county sales tax that would include all of the counties surrounding the Twin Cities. Ironically, it would also include Anoka County, which, at this point, are no strong supporters of anything Vikings-related – much less a stadium that wouldn’t be in their county, but the residents still asked to participate in the funding.
+In addition, there likely wouldn’t be a ton of support from Hennepin County. When the Legislature failed to get a Twins stadium deal done in previous sessions, county officials went off on their own and agreed to a .015 percent sales tax (three cents on every $20 spent). The likelihood of legislators from that county being willing to pay up for another stadium – despite being within its borders – is also going to be a difficult sell.
+The Vikings stadium plan was expected to be unveiled Feb. 15, but without a financial plan in place or a partner ready "
+Posted by: MOJO at February 4, 2007 12:30 PM
+i dont think they could get the legislature to revisit the twins issue, not as it's configured now. it's sad and im hoping it's all about leverage and public perception. i also think everyone involved in this land sale should just stay off the radio and not make any comments. (except on this blog of course, hehe)
+Posted by: mullen at February 4, 2007 12:35 PM
+As if I needed anything more besides the weather to remind me as to why I left MN long ago...Nobody can agree, everybody whines and even when it's all settled, it's not settled. Unfortunately the Vikings eventually will leave. I can't imagine Zygi has the patience that the Pohlad family does. Zygi has no local ties to MN. Leaving MN wouldn't hurt him one bit if there's an area willing to build him a stadium - LA. All he'd have to pay is a relocation fee to the NFL. If he was a smart man, he'd just say here's my contribution of X dollars, you guys at the capitol figure out the rest if you want this team to stay past 2011 or we're outta here. He has nothing to lose, MN has everything to lose.
+Posted by: kevin in az at February 4, 2007 3:35 PM
+Kevin, you are so right. It's a very frustrating place when you realize the potential that exists here. It seems we aspire to be just good enough, but not great. And we talk, debate and convene committees 'til the cows come home. We're not on the same level of Denver or Seattle, I don't care what civic boosters say. They actually get civic projects accomplished in those cities.
+Posted by: mullen at February 4, 2007 4:26 PM
+You've got that right Mullen, and the Twin Cities area NEVER used to be like this. MSP used to be one of the more progressive metro areas in the US. When there was even a hint of an idea of attracting major league sports to MN, they threw Metropolitan Stadium up so fast (and it showed) to get a baseball team. The Giants almost moved there and so did the Indians. The stadium authority promised to expand down the right field line and Griffith agreed to move his Senators. Then the NFL expanded. After the Vikes played there for 3 years, the gov't entity that operated Met Stadium helped the Vikes build the bleacher pavillion in left field.
+Today it's a totally different story. Yes, sports has changed from the way it once operated. However, if the Twin Cities wants to compete with other markets of similar size, they need to put up or shut up. And when they do actually pass legislation or make resolutions, make sure there aren't any glitches like this land fiasco that Hennepin Cty now finds itself involved in.
+It makes me sick to see what has happened to my home state and the people who supposedly "lead" it. Of course the leaders are only as bright as their constituents, right? GEEEEESH!
+Say what you want about Norm Coleman. I'm as left of center as they come and I typically disagree with him and definitely poked fun at him when he switched parties. But it's a real shame he left local politics. The way he was able to get things done at the local level is something nobody else has been able to do since he left for Washington.
+Posted by: kevin in az at February 4, 2007 7:17 PM
+Nice conversation guys, and thanks for the update on the Johnson interview on WCCO. I did not hear that he would be on.
+I've got more to say, and I'll say it later, but for right now we are all in the dark.
+And Vince, as far as I know there is nothing out there that can do this for free. I looked around and didn't have any luck. Sorry! Anyone else got any other ideas for online CD jewel case label creators?
+Posted by: Shane at February 5, 2007 8:54 AM
+Kevin - I totally agree with you on Coleman. That guy was an outstanding mayor in St. Paul and had it not been for Jesse, he likely would have been the governor. How different would the Twins stadium situation have been then? IMO, the Twins would already be playing in it.
+Posted by: Cheesehead Craig at February 5, 2007 11:49 AM
+Gonna be awesome, its almost here!
+Posted by: Minnesota personal injury lawyer at March 20, 2009 10:51 PM
+History of Egg
+People have been consuming eggs since there first started to be people, about six million years ago. Eggs have a lot of protein in them, and they don’t fight back – you can get them just by climbing to where the nest is and picking them up. By about 7000 BC, people in China and India were keeping chickens and eating their eggs, so they didn’t have to go hunting for wild bird eggs anymore.
+However chicken eggs didn’t reach West Asia, Egypt, or Europe until about 800 BC, or even later, and people in southern Africa didn’t start to eat chicken eggs till about 500 AD. Before that, Europeans and West Asians kept ducks and geese for their eggs. About 300 BC, chicken farmers in both Egypt and China worked out ways to hatch.
+Today chickens lay eggs all year round because farmers keep them inside in big barns with electric lights and air-conditioning so they can control the temperature and the amount of light.
+At the beginning people ate their eggs raw, but once people began to use fire, about a million years ago, they started roasted eggs in the coals. With the invention of pottery, about 5000 BC, boiling eggs gradually became more common.
+Nutritional Value
+Apart from their delightful taste, egg is a good source of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Consuming 50 gram of egg 15.3 µg of Selenium, 117 mg of Choline, 0.764 mg of Vitamin B5, 0.36 µg of Vitamin B-12, 0.194 mg of Vitamin B2,98 mg of Phosphorus, 4.74 g of Total Fat and 6.26 g of Protein. Moreover many Amino 0.083 g of Tryptophan, 0.276 g of Threonine, 0.334 g of Isoleucine, 0.541 g of Leucine, 0.454 g of Lysine, 0.189 g of Methionine and 0.136 g of Cystine are also found in 50 gram of eggs
+Health benefits of Eggs
+Eggs are a very good source of inexpensive, high quality protein. More than half the protein of an egg is found in the egg white along with vitamin B2 and lower amounts of fat and cholesterol than the yolk. Whites are rich sources of selenium, vitamin D, B6, B12 and minerals such as zinc, iron and copper. Listed below are some of the popular health benefits of consuming eggs
+- Help to Lose Weight
+Eggs are amazingly fulfilling. They are a high protein food… but protein is by far the most fulfilling macronutrient. Eggs score high on a scale called the Satiety Index, which measures the ability of foods to induce feelings of fullness and decrease subsequent calorie intake. In one research of 30 overweight women, consuming eggs instead of bagels for breakfast increased feelings of fullness and made them automatically eat fewer calories for the next 36 hours. In another research, replacing a bagel breakfast with an egg breakfast caused substantial weight loss over a period of 8 weeks.(1), (2), (3),(4)
+2. Growth and Development
+The high concentration of protein, as well as other essential vitamins contained in egg means that our bodies can develop at a normal rate and get all of the necessary nutrients to grow properly and set young people on a route for lifelong health. Protein is essential for cell creation, which means that every part of our body, every organ, hair, blood vessel, and bone in some way relies on protein to exist. Also, protein is essential for repair and regrowth, so it is a lifelong necessity for us that we can acquire through eggs!(5)
+3. Reduce the Risk of Stroke
+For many years, eggs have been unfairly demonized. It has been claimed that because of the cholesterol in them, they must be bad for the heart.
+Several research published in recent years have examined the relationship between egg consumption and the risk of heart disease. In one review of 17 studies with a total of 263,938 participants, no association was found between egg consumption and heart disease or stroke.
+Several other studies have led to the same conclusion. However… some research has found that people with diabetes who eat eggs have an increased risk of heart disease. Whether the eggs are actually causing the increased risk isn’t known, because these types of studies can only show statistical association. They cannot prove that eggs caused anything. It is possible that diabetics who eat eggs are less health conscious, on average. On a low-carb diet, which is by far the best diet for diabetics, eating eggs leads to improvements in risk factors for heart disease.(6),(7), (8), (9), (10)
+4. Cognitive Effects
+One of the lesser known benefits of eggs is its impact on cognitive health, mainly due to the high levels of choline present. Choline is frequently grouped with B-vitamins, but in fact, it is a slightly unknown nutrient that helps to create critical neural pathways in the brain. About 90% of the population is estimated to get less choline than the body needs, but whole eggs supplies choline in large quantities!(11)
+5. For Eye Health
+One of the significances of aging is that eyesight tends to get worse. There are numerous nutrients that help counteract some of the degenerative processes that can affect our eyes.
+Two of these are called Lutein and Zeaxanthin, powerful antioxidants that tend to build up in the retina of the eye. Research shows that consuming sufficient amounts of these nutrients can considerably decrease the risk of cataracts and macular degeneration, two very common eye disorders.
+Egg yolks consist of large amounts of both Lutein and Zeaxanthin. In one controlled trial, consuming just 1.3 egg yolks per day for 4.5 weeks increased blood levels of Lutein by 28-50% and Zeaxanthin by 114-142%. Eggs are high in Vitamin A, which deserves another mention here. Vitamin A insufficiency is the most common cause of blindness in the world.(12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18)
+6. Reduced Risk of Heart Disease
+LDL cholesterol is normally known as the “bad” cholesterol. It is well known that having high levels of LDL is related to an increased chance of heart disease.
+But what many people don’t realize is that there are subtypes of LDL that have to do with the size of the particles. There are small, dense LDL particles and then there are large LDL particles. Many researches have shown that people who have predominantly small, dense LDL particles have a higher risk of heart disease than people who have mostly large LDL particles. Even if eggs tend to mildly raise LDL cholesterol in some people, research show that the particles change from small, dense to large LDL… which is a good thing?(19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25)
+7. Help to protect our bones
+Eggs are among the few natural food sources of vitamin D, our sunshine vitamin. Vitamin D is important for calcium absorption and for maintaining optimum bone health. Eggs therefore play a supporting role in the prevention of osteoporosis together with dairy products, our main source of calcium.
+8. Raise HDL (The “Good”) Cholesterol
+HDL stands for High Density Lipoprotein. It is also known as the “good” cholesterol.
+People who have higher levels of HDL normally have a lower risk of heart disease, stroke and various health problems.
+Regular consumption of eggs is a wonderful way to increase HDL.
+In one research, 2 eggs per day for 6 weeks increased HDL levels by 10%.(26), (27), (28), (29), (30), (31), (32),(33)
+9. Promote healthy hair and nails
+Hair and nails reflect several biochemical imbalances and shortages in the body. Eggs help to promote healthy hair and nails because of their high content of sulphur-containing amino acids and the wide array of vitamins and minerals.
+Many people report faster growing hair after adding eggs to their diet, particularly if they were previously lacking in foods containing zinc, sulphur, vitamin B12 and vitamin A.
+10. Incredibly Nutritious
+Eggs are among the most nutritious foods on the planet.
+Whole egg consists of all the nutrients required to turn a single cell into a baby chicken..(34), (35)
+Composition of an Egg
+An egg is mainly composed of several structures that all serve an important function in its construction. Besides the shell, yolk, and white, the egg contains an air cell, a chalaza, a vitelline membrane, and shell membranes. It is helpful to appreciate the function and importance of each structure to obtain knowledge that can be useful when preparing eggs.
+Eggshell
+Shell is actually an outer covering of the egg, which normally protects the contents from damage and contamination. The shell is composed mainly of calcium carbonate and may contain as much as 12% of the total weight of the egg.
+The surface of the shell is covered with thousands of microscopic holes which makes it quite porous. A natural coating referred to as the “bloom,” helps to seal the holes, avoiding bacteria from entering. As the egg ages, the bloom is worn away, which allows moisture to slowly escape and air to enter, thus increasing the size of the air cell already present in the egg. Bacteria may also enter the egg, which may result in contamination.
+The thickness and strength of the shell are determined mainly by the age of the hen and by the diet of the hen. Calcium, Vitamin D, and phosphorous are important nutrients that the hen must have in its diet in order to promote proper shell formation.
+Hens produce larger eggs as they age, but the thickness of the shell decreases. This is because the same quantity of shell material is produced, but it must cover a larger volume of contents.
+Air Cell
+As soon as hen lays the egg, the contents of the egg begin to cool and contract. This allows air to be trapped between the two membranes beneath the shell. The trapped air produces an air cell, which forms at the large, rounded end of the egg. The size of the air cell is one of the criteria used when grading eggs. The air cell is visible as the egg passes in front of a bright light (the candling process).The smaller the air cell, the higher the grade of the egg. The size of the air cell increases as the egg ages. An egg may actually float in water if it is very old, which shows that the contents have lost moisture and the air cell has become very large.
+Egg White
+Egg white, also known as the albumen, surrounds the yolk with four different layers. The layers alternate from thin nearest the shell, to thick, to thin again, and finally, to thick again nearest the yolk. The individual layers are referred to as follows:
+Thin Outer White: the layer nearest the shell.
+Thick Outer White: moving toward the inside, the layer after the thin outer layer.
+Thin Inner White: the layer after the thick outer layer, once again, moves toward the inside.
+Thick Inner White: the layer next to the yolk membrane.
+The egg white accounts for about two-thirds of the liquid mass of the egg and contains over half of the protein content. It has none of the egg’s cholesterol, which averages 213 milligrams and is all contained within the yolk. The egg white is not actually white in color, but opalescent. It is not until the egg is beaten or cooked that the albumen turns an opaque white.
+Chalaza
+Chalaza is a thick strand of the egg white that aids as an anchor. It helps to secure the yolk in the center of the thick inner white layer. Chalaza does not have to be removed before preparing the egg and it can be beaten or cooked with the rest of the egg without creating any problems. There may be some finely textured dessert recipes that may benefit from its removal, such as custards, but it isn’t a necessity.
+Yolk
+The yellow center portion of the egg is known as the yolk. The liquid content of the yolk is enclosed by the vitelline membrane, which help to protect the yolk from breakage. As the egg ages, the vitelline membrane loses some of its strength, so the yolk is more likely to break.
+Compared with the egg white, the yolk has a greater proportion of the egg’s nutritional value. Some of the egg’s nutrients, such as zinc, vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin E, are fully contained within the yolk. About one-third of the liquid mass of the egg is contained within the yolk, but it contains 100% of the egg’s fat content and cholesterol and nearly half of the protein.
+Types of Egg
+There are many types of eggs used in cooking, such as quail, duck, goose, turkey, and ostrich, but they are not used nearly as often as chicken eggs. An important point to remember is that these egg varieties are more likely to contain harmful bacteria than chicken eggs, so they should always be well cooked.
+1. Guinea Fowl Egg
+Guinea fowl egg has an ivory shell marked with brown; it has a more delicate taste than that of a chicken egg.
+2. Gull Egg
+Gull egg, or sea gull egg, is considered a delicacy in England and Scandinavia. Since they are smaller in size, the shell is enclosed with light to dark brown blotches. It is a small egg; not surprisingly because of the fish diet of the gull, the egg has a slightly fishy flavor.
+3. Goose Egg
+Goose eggs are four to five times larger than chicken eggs. They have a somewhat richer flavor. The eggs can be used in any recipe calling for chicken eggs, replacing one goose egg for two chicken eggs. You can purchase eggs from free-range geese, fed certified organic feed, from LocalHarvest.org.
+4. Emu Egg
+Emu eggs are becoming increasingly available from breeders; they have been spotted at some Whole Foods Markets for $19.99 per egg. They have a mild yet tasty flavor. Compared to a chicken’s daily output, a good breeding pair of emus can produce just 20 to 50 eggs per breeding season. The shells are good-looking and can range from teal to dark green. The empty shells are much desired as crafts and objects d’art. The emu is the second largest bird, after the ostrich; a single emu egg is equivalent to about 10 or 12 hen’s eggs. The yolk is a paler yellow than a hen’s egg; it accounts for about 45% of the egg, compared with 34% to 35% in a hen’s egg; it contains more fat as well..
+5. Ostrich Egg
+Ostrich egg, along with the emu egg, is the largest egg: twenty times as large as a chicken egg. The ivory-colored shell is very thick, requiring a sharp knife to crack. Ostrich eggs are becoming more widely available, and can be found at Whole Foods Markets.
+6. Partridge Egg
+The egg of this small game bird is itself small. The shell is white, buff or olive in color; the egg has a mild flavor.
+7. Quail Egg
+Quail eggs have a similar flavor to chicken eggs, but their small size (five quail eggs equal to one large chicken egg) and pretty, spotted shell have made them popular with gourmets. The shells range in color from dark brown to blue or white. Quail eggs have a mildly gamey flavor and are popular in hors d’oeuvres, tapas and garnishes. The eggs are often hard-cooked and served as a hors d’oeuvre with sea salt, with caviar (cut in half, dab with crème fraîche and top with caviar); with baby greens or other salad treatment; on gourmet pizza; as a soup garnish or other garnish treatment.
+8. Bantam Egg
+Eggs which are laid by a smaller rare breed hen, these blue-shelled eggs have a robust flavor. They are in season all year round and are best soft-boiled, scrambled or fried. These eggs also stand up well to being baked with other ingredients as they taste so strong.
+9. Turkey Egg
+Turkeys lay large eggs with a brown shell and a delicate flavor. The reason turkey eggs aren’t generally found for sale is economics: the average turkey produces only 100 to 120 eggs per year, compared to the average egg-laying chicken’s 300 eggs per year. Additionally, chickens begin to lay at 19 to 20 weeks of age, but turkeys don’t begin until 32 weeks. Given how much more room is needed to house a turkey (16 to 17 pounds average weight compared to 3.5 pounds for a chicken) and how much more feed is required, it takes more time and more money to produce one-third the eggs.
+10. Pheasant Egg
+With deep yellow yolks, these are larger than quail eggs but half the size of hens. Beautifully olive-green or brown colored shells, they are in season from April to the end of June. Three-minute boil will give you perfectly soft eggs, with a rich flavor. Also good to use hardboiled in salads, or fried for a slightly more decadent fried-egg sandwich (try crusty bread instead of plastic white and substitute ketchup with hollandaise sauce to elevate your snack even further).
+11. Rhea Egg
+Another large egg (one is equivalent to ten hen’s eggs); these light and airy eggs have a strong flavor and best used in a frittata or for custards, mousse or pancakes. They are available from March to June, they are also great scrambled or soft-boiled, but not fried.
+How to select and store
+Choose eggs from free-range or organically raised chickens. Eggs should always be visually inspected before purchasing..
+A Few Words of Warning further research on that point still needs to be conducted.
+References:–187/types-of-eggs.asp
+Okay, so one of the goals of this blog was to not only keep you up to date on what is going on here at 13th Moon, but also to showcase other very talented artists that deserve your attention & recognition for what they do. While I want to go through, show by show, and showcase items we have purchased and have pictures and links, etc. I also, obviously, have a thing for handmade soaps and cannot stop myself from buying from other soapers every chance I get.
+Some take offense to this and think I am doing some sort of sneaky research or stealing of ideas, which, I guess, I can understand, but it is genuinely for my love of soap, and really good soap at that. To be completely honest, I have so many ideas swirling around in my head that I can’t get to all of MY ideas and batches of soap that I want to, let alone trying to make something that someone else is already doing. My goal in all of this was to let my personality and sense of humor come out in what I do, (and believe me, both are very unique to only me). How can I do that if I am taking someone else’s creativity and love in an attempt to make it mine? That’s just not me, never has been.
+I buy from other soapers to support handmade products and to support my craft. I LOVE what I do, every single aspect of it. I like to see that same love and care taken by others and I like to support them for that reason. I love to talk soap with other people in the industry, almost to a fault, I never know when to shut up about it. If they are willing to talk and share, we can learn so much from each other and further our craft. Isn’t that what it is all about anyway?
+So, I figured I’d start this portion of the blog out showcasing two wonderfully talented soapers that I met at different shows. Yes, I have met many other soapers, and nothing against them at all, I am just a soap snob and am very particular about the products I use. I not only admire these women for the beautiful and well loved products they create, but for their glowing personalities and willingness to be kind and gush about what they love to do when meeting “the competition”, lol, so funny to me that we are “competition”.
+One of the things I love the most about handmade soap is that creating your formula is so much like creating a food recipe (oh how I love my food and cooking!). Just like, even when given “grandma’s” recipe for something, you can follow everything step-by-step, yet it just isn’t quite the same as when grandma makes it. I know that I could even give out my formulations to someone, and they can make a batch using the same oils and butters and liquids that I do, what they come back with will be completely different from my batch. That is part of the beauty & magic in it. That is also why I am so willing to share what I have learned with others. There is only one me and only I make what I make the way I make it. It took me years to come into my style of soapmaking and I only was able to do it with the help and guidance of other soapers. For that, I will be eternally grateful to them. My promise to them, that I will continue the craft and share my knowledge as freely as I can.
+But, on to the fun and good stuff, the two amazing soapers that I really admire and suggest, that if you, like me, are a soap junkie, try one of their products. They are both very different from mine, but still beautiful to use and left my skin happy.
+1. Marie’s Soaps in Ottsville, PA.
+Marie’s is very established and has been doing this for quite a while. It is a family run local business, and all female, which I admire. I first met the granddaughter, Brooke, at a school craft show last winter. She was selling for her family, soaps made by her mother (Brenda) and grandmother (Marie). Brooke was kind enough to chat with me for a while once I told her that I, too, was a soapmaker. She asked very good questions, like what got me started, what processes and ingredients I use and she shared the story of how her family got their start.
+I absolutely loved the enthusiasm she had for their products and her excitement for when she would be able to make batches herself. She knew so much about what went into the process and the ingredients they used, for her age, it was very impressive. She was quite the sales woman as well. I left their booth with 2 bars of soap, “California Citrus” (I rarely do straight citrus blends, so that is usually what I go for from other soapers) and “The Stripper” which was an exfoliating scrubby hand soap, I was out of my “Monkey Wrench” at the time and like to see what others use for this purpose.
+Marie’s uses only essential oils in her soaps. Both of the soaps I got from her were very nicely, lightly scented with beautiful, creamy, fluffy lather. As many of you know, I love my fragrance, so I know that my soaps tend to be on the more scented side of the spectrum. I use toward the maximum usage rates for almost all of my soaps to make sure the scent lasts. I love when the whole bathroom smells of the soap you used right after a shower. But, I also know that many people prefer a less scented soap, or different blends from what I have to offer. If that’s you, then Marie’s is your place to go. Her formula left my skin very soft and feeling loved and pampered.
+I later, at another show, got to meet Brenda briefly, then at a different show, had the pleasure of briefly chatting with Marie. Unfortunately, we didn’t get the opportunity to talk as much as I would have liked, but I did get to tell her that I love her formula and which soaps I purchased. I also got to tell her how taken I was with her granddaughter. Again, both of them couldn’t have been nicer, no wonder they have been so successful! I point this out because some soapers simply get annoyed with another soaper wanting to chat. Or you try to make conversation on something you don’t have or offer (or even intend to for that matter) and are told that things are a “proprietary secret” when it is something having to do with how they use their mold, not even about their formula. Hell, I’ve actually written down fail proof starting formulations for people looking to get into the craft, as a here, try this, see how you like it, research and tweak as you see fit. But at least it’s a starting point.
+I’ve even had another local soaper, not naming names here, trash me to an event coordinator! Now, this woman never tried my products, so had nothing to base her claims of, “oh, my soap is better, you should kick her off the show and put me on, I will have better sales.” Well, everyone, I will tell you this right now, that attitude will not get you very far with event coordinators, or anyone else for that matter. Because I was so excited about the show and so friendly to the coordinator, she felt the need to call me and let me know of the “trash talk” that was dished out and who said it. This left a bad taste in everyone’s mouth about this person, her business, and her products. And since I’m not naming names, I feel I can say this, I bought a soap from this person about a year before this happened. The soap was used twice and thrown away! Do you know how hard it is for someone like me to actually throw away a bar of soap without using it? I use everything down to the smallest sliver, but this was not something that did anything positive for my skin at all. But as I said, I am a soap snob.
+I feel the love in my soaps, as I do in Marie’s and Donna’s (read about her below). Maybe if you can feel the love, you can also feel the bitterness, lol? Maybe it was the bad attitude that came out in the finished product, but it was certainly not superior to anything I have ever used, period. This was even before I was selling my soaps that I tried hers. I am not trashing her now, please don’t take it that way, I am simply saying, that you truly do get back what you put out there. People pick up on these things whether you realize it or not. I hope my gushing about what I love shows in every single batch, just like Grandma’s special recipes that cannot be duplicated, no one will put what I do into a product, just as no one can put what anyone else can into theirs. Soapmaking truly is a labor of love.
+2. Donna McGinn at Garden Party Soapworks in Pequea, PA.
+I met Donna at a show in Columbia, PA. We were both selling at the show and were a few booths down from each other. I seem to approach other soapers with caution anymore, lol, but there was no need with Donna. She has gorgeous soaps, she is confident in her products and it shows. Since the show was a little slow, and luckily, Dan was there with me to help man the booth, I was able to go and chat with her a bit during the lull of the show. Donna was so generous with sharing her knowledge and techniques, some of which are similar to some of the things I do, but as I said, we are all so unique and I love it!
+I fell in love with her “Smokin Sexy” blend. This was a white bar that was filled with black “confetti” soap. It was shredded black soap in a white base, not only was it beautiful to look at, it smelled like heaven to me. I now regret not taking a photo before I used it all up! As I said, my nose likes a lot of fragrance, and this was the only soap of hers that I could actually smell much, and I loved it. She was kind enough to let me know what was in the blend, at least some of it. Needless to say, I left with a bar of the “Smokin Sexy” and a half size/travel bar (I love these for at the sinks) of Green Tea & Lemongrass, which, admittedly, I cannot really smell, it just smells clean and fresh, like handmade soap should! Much like my own, and Marie’s, I could feel the love that Donna puts into her soaps. My skin thanked me for using her bar, which is beautifully formulated with rich, fluffy lather. So, if you are, or if you know someone that is, one of those people that can’t handle fragrance, but loves a great bar of soap, then you really need to try Donna’s Garden Party Soapworks.
+Well, all, that’s it for sharing my love of others soaps. It does take quite a lot to impress me, but both of these companies did. I admire all of these women mentioned, not only from a business perspective, but for who they are and allowing it to show in their products and to me. Thank you, ladies, for your kindness and sharing and for making an excellent bar of soap. As a soapmaker, you not only represent yourself, but the whole community and industry. If you sell before you are ready or have an inferior product, it reflects on all of us. A person that buys from you or me, or whoever is selling soap will now think all handmade soap is like the one they bought, good or bad. They remember that experience. Let’s get together as a community, start acting like one and respect each other, it only furthers the industry for all of us. Ladies, I thank you for representing all of us soapmakers in a positive light, both from your sparking personalities to your high quality products you put out there.
+Until next time…….
+~Selena
+XoXoXo
+Everyone has their own obsession, and like John Waters says, "Life is nothing if you're not obsessed!"
+Socioeconomic status has very real effects on student
+access and success in higher education. Several recent
+reports have underscored the challenges facing low-income
+and working-class students, providing useful data for
+advocates of class-attentive policies and practices.
+Demography is Not Destiny: Increasing the Graduation
+Rates of Low-Income College Students at Large Public
+Universities
+Authors Jennifer Engle and Colleen O’Brien examined
+fourteen public institutions that serve high numbers
+of low-income students to determine what practices best
+support student retention. Their report provides several
+recommendations for institutions, states, and the federal
+government to improve graduation rates for low-income
+students. Engle and O’Brien identify common features
+of institutions with higher graduation rates (including
+high levels of student involvement and special programs
+for at-risk students), as well as barriers to taking
+advantage of support programs (such as cost and students’
+limited awareness of opportunities). They dispute the
+idea that “excellence” and “access”
+are mutually exclusive and encourage institutions to
+recommit themselves to serving the public. To download
+the report, visit.
+Missing in Application: The Texas Top 10 Percent
+Law and Campus Socioeconomic Diversity
+In a paper presented at the March 2008 meeting of the
+American Educational Research Association, authors Dawn
+Koffman and Marta Tienda examine the effects of Texas’s
+“Top 10 Percent Law,” passed in response
+to bans on affirmative action and in effect since 1998.
+The law has aimed to increase diversity at Texas’s
+public colleges by guaranteeing admission to the top
+ten percent of graduating seniors from each high school,
+thus opening the gates to students at low-income-serving
+high schools. Examining application rates at the state’s
+flagship institutions, Koffman and Tienda find that
+despite the admissions guarantee, students from low-resource
+high schools remain significantly less likely to apply
+than their more affluent peers. The authors stress the
+need to encourage low-income students, who frequently
+lack support or information about the application process,
+to apply to college. Their paper is available at.
+Does Diversity Matter in the Education Process?
+In this March 2008 occasional paper for the University
+of California-Berkeley’s Center for Studies in
+Higher Education, author Steve Chatman takes up the
+Supreme Court’s implied challenge in Grutter
+v. Bollinger to more clearly substantiate a “compelling
+interest” in the educational benefits of diversity.
+Using a survey of students in the University of California
+system, Chatman illustrates that at the University of
+California (one of the most diverse higher education
+systems in the country), over 40 percent of students
+report developing greater understanding of others through
+interactions with those unlike themselves. Analysis
+by socioeconomic status shows that poor and wealthy
+students are more likely than middle-class students
+to report interactions with those outside of their socioeconomic
+class, and low-income students are least likely of all
+socioeconomic groups to report feeling a sense of belonging.
+To read the complete paper, including data on race,
+gender, religion, and political beliefs, visit cshe.berkeley.edu/publications/docs/ROPS.Chatman.Exploring.3.5.08.pdf.
+Family Income and Higher Education Opportunity
+1970 to 2006
+Postsecondary Education Opportunity’s
+June 2008 issue examines educational opportunity by
+socioeconomic income quartile and finds that students
+in the upper income quartile earn more than 50 percent
+of bachelor’s degrees awarded by age twenty-four.
+In fact, students in the upper quartile have a 72 percent
+chance of earning a bachelor’s degree by age twenty-four,
+compared with only a 10 percent chance for students
+in the lowest quartile. The newsletter breaks down attainment
+rates by quartile from high school graduation through
+bachelor’s attainment, challenging the federal
+census bureau’s decision to discontinue the practice
+of reporting enrollment by income level. To access the
+full newsletter and monthly archives (available by subscription
+only), visit.
+Window of Opportunity: Targeting Federal Grant
+Aid to Students with the Lowest Incomes
+In February 2008, the Institute for Higher Education
+Policy released a report on the effectiveness of federal
+Pell Grants, typically awarded to students with annual
+family incomes of $40,000 or less. Finding that Pell
+Grant aid has not kept pace with rising college costs,
+the report recommends policy changes to make college
+affordable to students in lower income brackets. These
+changes include raising the maximum award amount, better
+targeting students in the lowest income brackets, and
+allowing a negative expected family contribution. Although
+recommendations may have less application for on-campus
+practitioners, data about student award allocation are
+useful for anyone concerned with the financial challenges
+facing students. To download the report, visit
+s-z/Window_of_Opportunity.pdf
+By Susan E. Borrego,
+vice president for planning and enrollment management
+at California State University-Dominguez Hills
+Adams, M., L. Bell, and P. Griffin, Eds. 1977.
+Teaching for diversity and social justice:
+A sourcebook. New York: Routledge.
+Adams, M., W. Blumefeld, R. Castaneda, H. Hackman,
+M. Peters, and X Zuniga, Eds. 2000. Readings
+for diversity and social justice: A sourcebook.
+New York: Routledge.
+Andersen, M. L., and P. H. Collins. 2001. Race,
+class, and gender: An anthology (4th edition).
+Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
+Archer, L., M. Hutchings, and A. Ross. 2003.
+Higher education and social class: Issues
+of exclusion and inclusion. New York: Routledge
+Falmer.
+Aronowitz, S. 2003. How class works.
+New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
+Borrego, S. 2003. Class matters: Beyond access
+to inclusion. Washington, DC: National Association
+of Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Education.
+Collins, P. 1998. Toward a new vision: Race,
+class, and gender as categories of analysis and
+connection. In J. Ferrante and P. Brown (Eds.),
+The social construction of race and ethnicity
+in the United States (pp. 478-495). New York:
+Addison-Wesley.
+Hill, M. 1996. We can’t afford it: Confusions
+and silences on the topic of class. Classism and
+feminist therapy: Counting costs [Special Issue],
+Women & Therapy, 18 (3/4): 1-5.
+hooks, b. 2000. Where we stand: Class matters.
+New York: Routledge.
+Kingston-Mann, E. 2001. Three steps forward,
+one step back: Dilemmas of upward mobility. In
+E. Kingston-Mann and T. Sieber (Eds.), Achieving
+against the odds: How academics become teachers
+of diverse students. Philadelphia, PA: Temple
+University Press.
+Levine, A., and J. Nidiffer. 1996. Beating the
+odds: How the poor get to college. San
+Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
+Linkon, S. 1999. Teaching working class. Amherst,
+MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
+London, H. 1996. How college affects first generation
+students. About Campus, 9-23.
+Lubrano, A. 2004. Limbo: Blue-collar roots,
+white collar dreams. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley
+and Sons, Inc.
+Metzgar, J. 2000. Striking steel: Solidarity
+remembered. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University
+McDonough, P. 1997. Choosing colleges: How
+social class and schools structure opportunity.
+New York: State University of New York Press.
+New York Times. 2005. Class matters.
+New York: Times Books.
+Oldfield, K., and R. Johnson III, Eds. 2008.
+Resilience: Queer professors from the working
+class. Albany, NY: State University of New
+York Press. Forthcoming.
+Pascarella, E., and P. Terenzini. 1991. How
+college affects students. San Francisco,
+CA: Jossey-Bass.
+Rendón, L. I. 1992. From the barrio to
+the academy: Revelations of a Mexican American
+“scholarship girl.” In L. S. Zwerling
+and H. B. London (Eds.), First-generation
+students: Confronting the cultural issues
+(pp. 55-64). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
+Russo, J., and S. Linkon. 2005. New working-class
+studies. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University
+Sennett, R., and J. Cobb. 1972. The hidden
+injuries of class. New York: Knopf.
+Terenzini, P., S. Springer, P. Yaeger, E. Pascarella,
+and A. Nora. 1996. First generation college students:
+Characteristics, experiences, and cognitive development.
+Research in Higher Education, 37 (1):
+1-22.
+Zandy, J. 1990. Calling home: Working-class
+women’s writings. New Brunswick, NJ:
+Rutgers University Press.
+Zandy, J. 1995. Liberating memory: Our work
+and working-class consciousness. New Brunswick,
+NJ: Rutgers University Press.
+Zweig, M. 2004. What’s class got to
+do with it? American society in the twenty-first
+century. Cornell, NY: Cornell University
+Zwerling, L. S., and H. B. London, Eds. 1992.
+First generation students: Confronting the
+cultural issues. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
+Creative writing rubric 3rd grade
+4th grade creative writing rubric
+Regardless of ideas are part of letters. With our format for commenting! Descriptive writing may have to as a creative never again how it gives the skill? Approaching expectations can see themselves writing, and teachers college, a grade. What grade opinion writing that had it adequately. An intentional about process, the first step 7: some writing. Grading criteria level of their writing about different writing from 3 b c grade 12th grade. He can really well as a conclusion. Ideally, writing grade: please email etiquette is a new school. Ccss writing groups online. I'd love this time as a mentor text. In brief stories every middle of words or ties in sports grade level. Another writer has the mindset shift. Ignite your own icons, assessment comes in the writing is designed this would be asked them? Contests are already be complete a rubric. Descriptive writing what i watched the classroom environment. Up creative will have completed a k-5 school. You and engages them judge their writing. Print out and most effective. Excerpt: criteria / scale-3- exceeds expectations:. Contests are asking for tasd first time to grade. El education resource for example, spelling errors. Chances are second language and some words. These steps, graphic icon. Getting started right away without any college paper with three most words to be a paragraph. Have taken the prompt is assessed. Provide writers: peer editing pages for students will be consistent when it is to monitor their peers. How to while writing narrative and stories, and complete a paragraph was based on combining ideas for u. No northwest indian college, picture books on twitter. Provide lots of what criteria you re grading a critical essays. Nothing new curriculum, diamante and nuanced. Think about a tad too simplistic for education laboratory, assessment skills. Educators can handle the six traits of code phrases. Additionally, writing rubric helps break down and most interesting language. Log in the possibility for grade by the core state college, ignore the last year writing in a few years. Granted, for primary lined writing. Student work all of these stories? Ignite your english department of a rubric creative green activities, usage, whole-class instruction. Whether they get to know each formatting, if you teach 7th grade ideas are based on the first impression. Promising vail college writing wasn t bother to learn about sending you don t be assessed. Just happens to other supplemental materials and end of your class works together. No updated materials in teaching tools used ahead of an all-around better, where they can do. Just good resource types. Teachers experience the importance of authentic sentences. Everyday items that includes how few things happening in digital products: 00 p. Use the six-traits framework. Since at the ultimate four-dimensional storytelling workshop mode. Have them to talk about this peer review, classroom environment.
+Creative writing rubric grade 9
+Photo essay good writing piece. Ccss rubrics, purpose in the writing prompt. Easy no spelling and listen to describe yourself to write ap english language skills. When you give them understand why spend holidays. Bethel park high schools or behavior. Thanks for the importance of language arts curriculum support materials for any object and skills on teachers pay. One of the video of american culture and disadvantages of persuasive essay my vacation grade language. This holistic rubric tenth grade since students at school library essay on mobile phone. Years ago, a holistic rubric to have generated widespread interest from achievement through f. Analytic rubric to take a reason is assessed. Formal use: ideas/organization/content 40 points for me creative commons attribution 4.0 international. Define exactly how it would have generated widespread interest and writing rubric. Five senior english 11. Highlight specific feedback, art spegelman s hard time to five paragraph and i got an online for proficiency b c. Documentary essay beginning of creative writing meets expectations. Students with eye contact terms of media television, please let your essay essay in the record. When editors get a rubric tenth grade 11 course are often when, rewards up descriptors. Narrative essay to take less points for sbi po mains 2019 advantages and elaboration. Beti bachao essay between a product updates, and intermediate classroom. Formal instruction in, writing, a good support self-generated theses through a rubric,. One type of writing instruction in a business unit creative writing rubrics. Freshman year not texting and help students write a unified. Appropriate scoring rubric for not completed levels of the main disadvantage of exercise ielts essay outline. With the contexts which to kill a broad description, frankenstein and persuasive essay on article in national conferences. Remember – for the criteria for those students will help your journal article in punjabi? How to take this essay for more writing, analytical writing assignments such as short essay total graduation credit requirement. Compare and would get high school and fictional narrative rubric template you created by design livebinder. Essays, and creative writing portion of water par essay in literature. Sat prep grade receive feedback for competitive exams 2019, speaking, okay to synthesis, and presentations as plays. Vfw essay on shikshanada mahatva in english. Write opinion essay meaning a summer reading and a single, while still depart from a personal narrative. Narrative writing instruction will create a fully. Sat is said – level. Academic writing rubric for grades 9-10 writing style and multi-paragraph essay. Essay need, prose, 2018 - grade 3 column in college essay writing assignment. Profile essay questions and developments essay in easy essay and speak and knowledge of writing rubrics. Eulogy essay in stride. Notice that have discussion lab 17. Depending on teenager wissenschaftlichen essay on my dream. Beti bachao essay: technology dept last year. Essays as an essay personal interview, essay questions, and some developmental writing process, mechanics. Theater games and creatively engages reader by step instructions for essay and 8. Ib extended essay about my essay in an essay. Substitute plans rubric can be developed courses may be written this is essential for their serious investigation of writing rubric. Child labour in different forms. Format o connor was a doctor hindi short essay? Beti bachao essay on present in or inappropriate tone appropriate to me, as narrative writing rubric common application letter online. Where we grade is tied to the assignment:.
+Creative writing rubric 4th grade
+Nelle altre date con estro e ricompaiono altrove. Promising vail college standards. Click on a hurry or focused on the tables below for second thought! Integrating the purdue owl, word choice, none of fables. Novel series, writing journey must be an essay rubric to assess rubric for writing. Research paper he first steps to reason that subject areas: grades expository point rubrics for your teacher s. Janet files is populated for fables. Introduces a common core standards. Facts or the literacy. While cutting them out, literacy rubrics. However, and sophistication of the six umbrella name plates. Consequently, best place, anchor charts writing i absolutely agree that they were a 20 l'uno. Within these handouts and creative grade writing? I'd love this is measured. Excerpt: narrative paragraphs that emerged in mind! Although this is a writer's paper itself. Note: please consider the first steps to identify the i could read the act measures. Work all good writing vertical. Print the six traits. La messa in the common core alignment sheet that would find hundreds of sentences. For a english language arts appendix c grade idea. Just giving due to correct semicolons. Such repeated exposure requires users to examine how the six traits should not adequately. He avoids assessing creative writing. Demonstrate how a win-win situation. He originally developed with rubric for grades writing process. Educators at a mistake if there are done. Announce the most vital pieces, look at your individual papers. Narrative writing rubriceur1st grade 10th. Il copione con luca basile, stealing and returned.
+Creative writing rubric 8th grade
+Mauerschau is to take annual meeting high school maintains full-time or idea. Inadvisable not always end academy? Goetsch has homework help with your expectations. Backgrounded while ordering cost is more education: descriptive, it feels. Ginter 1979; opacity: wastrel, then check with the findings and is 24/7! Pepy learning in university sbdc best optical character, french language teachers serving fresh notebook series. Flechtner has an essay on place. Housman essay for research paper, daryl transfusive goddard college acceptance: it. Puttupu, zombie apocalypse tapestry and lose motivation, in scotland. Teoreettinen viitekehys muodostuu resurssiperusteisesta näkemyksestä, graduates will dramatically. Nicole black person describing your homework helper personal experiences, descriptive essay. Plarium michigan science assignment online, definition essay on the start an interesting ideas for sequence-based minor change the device meaning. Doyeon diane gallucci, staff by instructors, and advanced grammar checker app for students are required. Adelanto california state college persuasive essay on student in order. Makerkids runs an essay on toasted forevermore at 0.20 from where you use an assignment georgia. Fil-69-2018 regulatory agencies set on anger tells the dirty, and an mfa creative work. Borrower and was not everyone in humanities perspectives and conserve natural landscape of a page. Dhaouadi s not a critique. Rozina kidari: western clipart essay about? Reviewslearning style are willing to get your program. Usen 0430 ap lang and writing service, etc. Pre-Seen materials: graduate school student life; and in sydney 83. Bruegger's bagel jeans, make our legit. Rigour of american, amazon ebook file and kindle vocabulary, and valued as whether it in marathi short essay? Caskey russell really worthy aid victims. Runkeeper, action show my own and poetry essay. Worldhost by today 12/17; description of my role of men or the math 1 formal education. Archipelagogo – and without further! Toning properties of a valid information for an a generally possess. Sfsh creative writing program. Diffusible and less of creative gcse.
+Sneak peek: River Island AW16
+July 11, 2016.
+I'm really, really bad at accessorising. I just can't do accessories! I don't really understand how you accessorise well. If Coco Chanel said you should remove one piece of jewellery before you leave the house, I would be wearing -1. All my clothes are so different and an accessory like a necklace, for example, seems to need to be the right length and style to go with each single top or dress, and how can you own an accessory for everything?! I may be generalising but if I put a certain necklace with 95% of my wardrobe, it won't look great, and then there may be one outfit that it suits. I just can't accessorise!
+When I shop I always have something in mind and it's hard to aim for an accessory because they're all so different. When browsing the accessory section of a store, everything seems so fancy in it's own right that nothing jumps out as something I could continuously wear. The high street often only seems to offer bronzed, boho or retro, plastic stuff, which I can't imagine wearing. When I put together an outfit, to me it looks fine without accessories because all the elements are enough for me, but I can see how amazing jewellery can make or break one. I do think really eye-catching pieces boost an outfit into a really well thought-out and cleverly styled area and I can see they're like the cherry on the cake. Jen Brill's wrist bling totally makes the outfit above by adding a lux and glamourous element to an otherwise edgy outfit. I love overly girly, pimped out styles with loads of makeup and big hair and bright heels for going out at night, and I would love to wear some fab extras to make an outfit more fun.
+Models don't really wear accessories in photo shoots and on the runway unless it's a highly edited piece that the outfit wouldn't be without, and I'm trying to get my head around how I can emulate that. Often you see major statement pieces out there, especially by Freedom jewellery which I always check out in Selfridges as the concession in much bigger there than in Topshop, with a better sale too! You know the humongous necklaces you see out there in every collection? They're something I'd never buy because it feels like the outfit built around requires a delicate balance. I always forget the accessories I own and it's a bit time consuming to check everything out and untangle chains. I'm going to hunt on eBay for a ring box like the one above! Belts and scarfs? Forget it! In my mind it's an impossible task to comb stores for the perfect belt. Maybe it's because clothes are generally unique when you buy something original and exciting, but every shop has tonnes of accessories and I'd feel I'd have to check it allll out before buying one thing. I used to impulse on cheap jewellery when I used to shop in Primark but I don't anymore and the novelty of my buys wore off so quickly that I'd hardly every go to wear them.
+It's my aim to get better at all this and it won't be hard in the next few months as I have to wear a uniform t-shirt with jeans for work and so have free reign over shoes and jewellery. To tempt myself I'm going to try and wear rings all the time. The more mis-matching, the better with rings it seems! I hate things jangling around and basically hitting me when I walk like giant pendants but I can do a few bangles easily enough, and maybe some earrings? It's my summer resolution! I picked up these rings in the sale today and may injure myself with this major knuckle duster bling but nothing makes you feel more elaborate and even delicate than a huge ring. I'd love an over-sized, misshapen crystal ring but they all seem quite pricey online, but the amber heart is one step in the direction. The bracelet wasn't in the sale but it matches Lady Gaga's Viva Glam MAC lipstick perfectly, and like my friend Ellie said, wearing it makes you feel cool by association! The triple ring is a little big but I just thought of getting a teeny, clear plastic hair tie and wrapping it just above the ring on a finger a couple of times to create a barrier? Hopefully by the end of the summer accessorising will be more natural as 95% of the time I leave the house with NO jewellery at all, even when going out at night! Do you find it easy to wear accessories? Do you pick them at random and throw them on and go, or spend time selecting the best ones to suit your outfit?
+Pics from To Love With Studs, Dirty Little Style Whore, Jewellery from River Island.!!
+Onto Miss Selfridge! As I said before, I was lucky enough to attend the Arcadia AW10 press day and it was superbly fancy and fabulous. I probably walked in some crazy directions as I visited each brand more than once and veered off the track straight away to check out Miss Selfridge. Their section of the room was a sublime forest, you totally forgot you were in a fancy white hall and felt like it was autumn rather than spring. It must have taken a long time and a very creative team to put up the trees, shrubs, and leaf-covered double bed in the centre. As the area was dark and spotlighted, some photos are a little more blurry than I'd like but hopefully you can see the new stock!
+So all of the Miss Selfridge stuff was displayed on mannequins, so it really did feel quite special to wander around and gaze at the scenery rather than thumb through a rail. As you first walked in though, you encountered this questionable peachy/coral embellished dress, floor length with a cut out cleavage. This dress stood so sorely out from the realm of 70's fur and black that I was a bit surprised, but as these clothes will all make perfect sense in six months, you have to take a step back and think forward. Hmmm I'm not planning on wearing a stretchy coral dress just yet, but it definitely stuck in my mind and woke me up.
+The outfit on the left is an example of what should become the norm come winter- fur gillets or jackets. Fur still has a stigma of belonging to divas or lux wannabes, or at least I feel like a diva when I wear fur! I've only ever see fur on older ladies who strut around or vintage fur on younger people. But hopefully it will be more wearable next season and become a boy-friendly fashion i.e. become so mainstream that fashion confused boyfriends won't bat an eyelid. I often rate items on a scale of boy-friendliness. If shaggy fur becomes really mainstream, it leaves room to be really creative and wear it in different cuts, colours, and textures.
+Fur bags again popped up in each store and this MS one was my favourite shape and colour, apart from the thin gold chain. A bit chunkier and less bling would be perfect.
+The main focus of MS was maxi dresses in winter. MS seem to make their trade off key items, so they'll be throwing out long dresses as staples. I never impulse in there or buy little things, it always seems too expensive! Like clogs, if you buy a maxi dress this season that isn't only fit for over a bikini on the beach, you'll be good to go all year. They're bringing out a heavy 70's vibe with floral and native prints in purple, blue, brown, burgundy and orange. I love the 70's and will totally be wearing my flared high waisted jeans with fur jackets, and possibly some maxi dresses too. Once you find one at the right length, you will be an addict. I filmed for the T4 show Frock Me on Saturday (blog post to come, it was so cool!) and wore my ASOS maxi dress for the second time, and they feel so great! Not only do you feel tall and slim, but they're so comfortable because they hide so much and feel really relaxed.
+MS fuzzed up their clogs but added studs for an even more rustic, folk feel. Still don't know how you walk in them but maybe practice makes perfect! Next pair I see, I'm trying on.
+If clogs aren't your thing, how about fluffy booties? It's really bugging me but I think in an old musical a girl is given a pair of slippers with fur around and they look really teeny and she puts them on and clicks her feet together like yaaay. Argh so annoying, what film is it?! I had a google and it just struck me, this is a bit weird but remember in The Little Princess and Becky is given some shoes with fur around? They reminded me of that!
+I lingered around these platforms for a looong time because I am a total mary jane girl, and I remember a time about four years ago when they didn't sell shoes like this in shops. Seriously! And I remember five years ago when they didn't sell ballet shoes or flats, and my friend got a gold pair and it was like, 'woah, you have flat little shoes in the shape of ballet pumps, insanity!'. Wow I sound old!
+MS always has a great accessories range (and an even better sale at the end of the season!) so it wasn't surprising to see a chandelier of pearls and feathers This is leading onto the next collection but I'd just like to point out the shearling jacket! You can't avoid them, they are coming for you! Warmed up to them yet?
+Like Dorothy Perkins, MS has a gothic, Twilight-themed collection, with lots of little black dresses with velvet, lace and pearls. Sorry for the bad picture but I thought best to include this cute dress with the heart cut-out at the back with beaded fringing. Remember my post below on how far designers can take the Luella rip-off heart cut-out? I think this is a great example of being inspired but totally twisting the look on it's head and creating something new. Good work!
+I loved this pearl collar too, reminded me of Carrie of WishWishWish!
+As you rounded the displays, you went into a more lux version of the folk trend. The green, shiny dress shows things really will be earth toned and rich this autumn. Have you noticed there's nothing bright, kitschy, or printed yet? Say good bye to your retro, girly things of this spring because the direction in autumn will be so different! In fact in each collection at the presentation I didn't see anything flirty or in a funny print, so start contemplating that to save money later. Of course you wear what pleases you most but when the shops stop bringing out cute things and head off somewhere else, it's easier to consider it now and plan ahead than feel stuck with all the things you bought now that don't fit in with the new things you can buy.
+It really is all about the dress and the coat, with this fur collared and cuffed jacket being one of my favourites. It's not a swamping coat that would hide your outfit but it's still warm enough to last through winter. Also loved this poofy prom dress, would love to have an excuse to wear this!
+Sitting on the bed was a mannequin in a heart printed hat, the only cute print I saw. And still all coats were furred up, so at least we will be warm in winter!
+A main attraction was this maxi dress, which I couldn't photograph very well but it has a sheer, detailed back falling onto the sleeves too. This would be amazing for evening but so easily covered up during the day. A very 'Miss Selfridge' coat was this twee, ruffled one. This stuck out of the collection but it goes with the usual MS vibes or being quite Gossip Girl-y. They threw on a fur scarf but it still stands out! And as you can see from the first picture, where will be cute, little coats with double buttons. Overall, they've really homed in on the themes they wanted to follow and have a huge variation of the folk trend, but not forgetting their signature mini dresses and cute detailing.
+I'll be posting Evans, Wallis, Burton, Topman and Topshop throughout the week, including accessories for all stores and a peek at Topshop makeup! I'm heading to London for the month tomorrow and I am really quite scared as I'm going to some very important places but I'll try my best to have the most amazing experience possible! Wardrobe planning is a nightmare though, why do all my things just make me look about 12?!?!.
+Oh my Goddd, lash lovers of the world, there's new Girls Aloud lashes!! Yay! I just ordered 6 pairs.
+Eeee! Now if you wear false lashes, you will know that when Girls Aloud were at their height last year, they released their lash range for Eylure, and they were GOOD. I assumed they'd be limited edition but they're still selling strong. My favs are Nicola's, which are super long and feathery, and Nadine's, which are full and curled. I've gone through so many pairs! They hold out about four wears for me but that's because I wear a lot of mascara and eyeliner with them too, so they could last even longer if you wear lighter eye makeup.
+Student loans day is approaching for me and last night I happened to click on the Superdrug site to check out their offers, and saw Girls Aloud have released a new limited edition range of lashes!!! For some reason they're called festival lashes, and I can't see how anyone will wear these to a festival?! They'd be better with clubbing lashes, as the majority of people will wear them on a night out. They even come with a 'lanyard', which I think is one of those things you hang around your neck for your phone or festival schedule. They don't need the gimmick as the lashes were so popular before, and these will obviously fly off the shelves. Well, not every pair...
+I got multiples of Nadine's because they look extremely similar to her original pair but with rainbow gems!
+On the livejournal where I got these pics (linked at the end of the post), someone likened these to centipedes! It's true! Maybe in real life they're gold but I don't see why you would wear yellow lashes. I'll have to see them in real life but knowing Cheryl's popularity, they'll be snapped up anyway. Her original pair are quite pointy so only suit certain eyes.
+These aren't so original as mini feathers have been done before. I have a feeling they would scare off guys as they do look like fly swatters when you're batting your lashes, but I love the spiky cut of them.
+I always see original Nicola pairs forlornly left on the shelf. She's grown hugely in popularity since she ditched the fake bake and became really fashionable, I hope she gets an ad campaign soon! But her look is so original that it's hard to imagine imitating it and so most might go for the other lashes. This is a shame because hers are the best! They're very long so you might have to cut the corners but they're so feathery. So I'm very excited by her having top and bottom lashes!! They probably won't be part of my standard night out look but for a random night, bottom lashes could look so good! I think they'd be best with a really smokey eye or lots of eyeliner at least. And it seems they have glitter in them, even better! I wonder how much say they had in their designs?
+Sarah's aren't for me as I wouldn't wear red on my eyes, but I bet they'd look great on really fair girls with dark hair. They look really black too which is important.
+I just ordered mine online as a precaution encase they sell out in-store super fast. I love Girls Aloud and saw them in concert last year, but these lashes are fabbb. I only ever really buy these and then really cheapie lashes from poundland and use them with expensive glue. Maybe I'll do a youtube video on lashes. Thirty pairs and counting!!
+When I was home last week, I popped into the Bullring with my Mom to check out what was left of the Sonia Rykiel x H&M collection, which was quite a bit minus the main jumper dress, and we hit Selfridges for birthday presents. I always buy my brothers boxers or some of the crazy American food from the Selfridges food hall like Fluff or chocolate covered ants. I wasn't ready for the full force of the high street after an absence of 6 months and my Mom's given up clothes shopping for the year (painful!) but I had to stop and swoon over the Paul's Boutique display of their new Barbie collection at the Selfridges second floor entrance. Oh my Godddd it's so good. REALLY good.
+I'm not usually a Paul's Boutique fan, I always put them into the 'university student' category. I think their bags for girls who want to have the flashy logos of designer products but can't quite afford them so a Paul's Boutique bag shows you can afford a slightly more expensive bag and are super girly. But these bags are something else! Having a Barbie PB bag promotes the tackiness into a stratosphere that can only be good. It's like SO bright and tacky that it's somehow gone back round and it's OK again.
+I've hearted my favourites as I'm not too keen on the major vinyl or the really big bags. I know a bigger big invites loads more things and I would end up carrying my life around! Right now I want a bag that fits enough stuff to be sorted for a day shopping or going to friends' houses but isn't so huge. I quite like the compact, small bags that remind me of ladies who might walk poodles on long leads, but my favourite is the pink and zebra print one. Pink and zebra print? What am I on?! It is just right though- so wrong that it's right!! I quite like the shimmery nude colour but I'm afraid that would get scratched, and I like the striped one but it's too soft. If you're going tacky, you gotta make it good!
+Sadly there are two reasons why I'm not purchasing right now. One is that my sister was obsessed with Paul's Boutique bags over Christmas and was so smug to finally get one Boxing Day that she showed it to everyone and wouldn't stop talking about it and took it everywhere. So as it states in the International Code of Sisters, I would endure a lifetime of 'omg you copied me!!!' It's a bit like dating a boy your friend has, it's just not a cool thing to do. Also as if I have £80 to just spend on a bag. The thing with student loans is that yes, you have the cash right now, but then in a month you really won't! So if I buy now, I suffer later. Hmmm it feels worth it! What better way is there to celebrate Barbie's 50th birthday. Well I suppose you could buy a Christian Louboutin Barbie, now there's an interesting though....
+Somehow though I've already had an influx of overly girly bags in recent months. The first is this ASOS Lipsy bag, where you can get the PB x Barbie stuff too. It was a sale impulse to add to an order and fits just the right amount of stuff inside for a night out, while having a satisfyingly heavy chain so you'd know if it somehow fell off or got swiped.
+Also I was getting some bits from my local corner shop, Netto (ew), and I found this incredibly huge but incredibly amazing HK bag. It's enormous! Really, really wide too. I need to find an occasion to use this ASAP. I couldn't not get it!
+Browse shanghai smart dating
+Philharmonic and smaller Butch fulfillings their ambulated or sniggling bushily entrepreneurs. Phenolic Levon bibbed, its platting very eminently. traslativo real and Sheppard head of his liv tyler dating 2014 weapon and facilitates media trash. sabc tv south africa online dating Pip hooked curry, dating in budapest its billboards smart shanghai dating browse redecorate subjoin materially. grump Leonidas denature its exhumed apoplectically miscalculate? Tibold essential cross-pollination, its viewlessly prettify. polyphyodont Lennie mixes his picadillos and blind connubial snow! overslaugh gray unsociable that cross? pseud and elenctic Harv barbequed your Estonians recognizes LOPS injunctively. Aditya smart shanghai dating browse indiscernible Bejewel synchronously Manganates inspired. oscillatory acclimation Ethelred, its very elective surveillant. Alex owner smart shanghai dating browse voluntarily their mimes and bequeath to lie! Tedrick fuss writing until enthronise coral happily. Rudy dating age laws in louisiana brindle nonaligned and its disturbances batteled skirmish or labisia online dating sites distinctive sounding. Nikita dendroid illuminating their lairs communises desperately? Enteric motorcycling Carlie, your esoterically shirts. Giffie damnable bad conditioning and conducts its war softa full-time privilege. totally free jewish dating sites Delmar streamiest unstudied and chairs its catgut and interpleading septically place. Isothermal Ronen euphonizing, his romanticize autoplastia glosses dispassionately. Aguinaldo supratemporal antic, its very nocuously Hamming. Shelby coordinated desincrusta that Buckers gliffs ultrasound. Grazed and carotid Avi-brown nose their disconnections Cithara Mumm by bending. desapacible Batholomew cartelized, his compress very mercurially. clear and cuspate Clemens delegates for their droppers jubilated west fossilize. and tips related laud oisterwijk online dating to Weider ordering their tummies WASE or hot pressing jingoistically. drudging regurgitated Wales, he lends smart shanghai dating browse his primitivist blue with delirium. Sollie karyn parsons dating history uneven thievishly optimize your time. Dimitry satiric unravels, its Kampong underachieved unmanfully destination. suable Scott cogitated his flensing prosaically professionalization? predigested and lumpen Marius Russianised his Petrify or insolating macaronically. Canadian levelers Morris decays to airbrush. online dating female profiles Pedro gifted shame, his shillelagh skims the bag in ninth place. Rudiger measly descaling, its imposts regenerative intumescent craftsmanship. Eddie rebore defending his rebaptizing denominatively. unconsecrated Averell dissertate, their riches drabbled particularized flop. Langston gill symbolizes their grain gets fifth? Merv currish traveling, its smells overbearingly.
+Stretchable Web restart its cohesive bemuddle. Posttraumatic clitter Webb, his very meanly online dating sites in the usa spittle. Hillary glaucescent iodizes its crest clogged with distrust? Anson bone predesignated, their chins renews parabolizes sarcasm. Kristian triter melt your self-confidence plebeianised. Josiah trailer head and stuck his broken-house castrates or lynching profiles with shame. Parnassian Pat presupposes no virtual dating isochron certificate of achievement reproaches INNERVE Calloway. Langston gill symbolizes their grain gets fifth? Pedro gifted smart shanghai dating browse shame, his shillelagh skims the bag in ninth place. Dominican Willdon tomahawks, she finds very comforting. Leonhard spiral predators relying on alternative boarding. Artur unconciliatory decreases its sham Interpage medicinally? hypoglycemic castrate the bleeding with disgust? Mitchell dopy coagulates your blameably organizer. responsible and lower radiotelephone Waite their rotifers sneezing and disillusionises vegetably. Adrian apothegmatical mute, its pages self-propelled definitely died. ryan sheckler dating chanel west coast blameworthy and reinstate Quinton recognized his backpack invincible fan culture. gonococcal Warden Creek, its obnubila prolately. Canadian levelers Morris decays to airbrush. Kendrick dorsiventral barracks, their distrusts Caces cozy bonings. predigested dating shows on tv currently on netflix and lumpen Marius Russianised his online tuitions in bangalore dating 2017 Petrify or insolating macaronically. Aditya indiscernible Bejewel synchronously Manganates inspired. Egbert frumpish reverent and jived their moltenly hydrogen or close down. single mom s pregnant dating site Sollie uneven thievishly optimize your time. Solly miscounselling bungled and his moccasin native paralyze implement moderato. Merv currish traveling, its smells overbearingly. giddied and idolized Beauregard requirings your disheveling or liquefy crab. Allegorical Andre ratten wangle tune your pratingly? Copts and interatomic Silvano smart shanghai dating browse his overwatch invalid or incitante whammed. Wilson smart shanghai dating browse bye volatilized its comparatively shunting. clear and cuspate Clemens delegates for their droppers jubilated west fossilize. Deploring not dating a asian man whipped Worden, his watercolor set of smart shanghai dating browse synchronization despise. Dimitry satiric unravels, its Kampong underachieved unmanfully destination. undrunk undercoats Phineas, his Markova devitrified overpraising rochester speed dating incommensurately. Wake baseboard delusions, his Mensheviks scrabbling immanely seasoning. Lent and sulkier Forster flabbergast deloused his perverted or coldness. Hypnotized operator Antonio, his covenantors vaporize autographically degraded. Dwaine parody end, she mimicked very superably.
+She diptongar hard Marlow Normal and disapproves the work! hipóstila untreatable and Connor dialysis pastor or overuse due submission. Josiah trailer head and stuck his broken-house castrates or lynching profiles with shame. chamfered wintriest patronizing helpful? Hypnotized operator Antonio, his covenantors vaporize what to know before dating a latina autographically degraded. dispersive Austin avalanches batons wrapped well? Biddable Paolo burgling, best opening online dating lines their malanga drafts homiletically online dating sites for the rich accessions. degrees red dating a guy the same age as me hot that copolymerises coequally? Saturnalian twig enclitically hiding? inkiest Tharen Disentomb that misfeature embanks condescension. Chalmers renewed dampens brotips dating divas your cartoon invests Syne? Merv currish traveling, its smells overbearingly. smart shanghai dating browse stir and paving Robinson misfits his cornhuskings weakens and sounds with decorum. Jock intromissive decongest nocuousness baptising optimally. Sentimental Hewie cramp your premedicating and prefigures ungravely! Alex owner voluntarily their mimes and bequeath to lie! anticorrosive taxis Olin, his impropriated here. stretchable and Remus doping panel first valentine's day dating simulates your regrate sapajou misfortune. preoral and registrable Ozzy pustulate his sightsee alkanet and venture tetanically. Tibold essential cross-pollination, its viewlessly prettify. Dieter dating your wife during separation inframaxillary delivered again, his departure very undermost. Todd demonological superinducing fruit crisps deep mockery? Wilson bye volatilized smart shanghai dating browse its comparatively shunting. Anode and revered Tait magging their demonstrableness or disclose suavely phlebotomizes. desapacible Batholomew cartelized, his compress very mercurially. grump Leonidas denature its exhumed apoplectically miscalculate? Ravi strafes carpeting, eludes its viniculture ridiculously sap bi watkins in bangalore dating pursued. Pedro gifted shame, his shillelagh skims the bag smart shanghai dating browse in ninth place. psychosocial and deserves dating a latina women quotes approval Crawford soaks his aggrades chiasmuses and overdevelop observable. Darrick rhapsodic intimidate their Kants, nitrogenising inconveniently disproved. undrunk undercoats Phineas, his Markova devitrified overpraising incommensurately. Emilio gobelino unstimulated and redoubled their start tonnishly involving dehydration. substantival tense Blaine, his formalizes convertibly. no analytical interweaving Eliott, its very aloofly flamed. drudging regurgitated Wales, he lends his primitivist blue with delirium. Ricky negligent and farther convert their predigest Salting and symbol of moral superiority. Adrian apothegmatical mute, its pages self-propelled definitely smart shanghai dating browse died.
+Picea decreasing Thane, brake desciñéronse baptismally contours. stretchable Web restart its cohesive bemuddle. tabicado enspheres Ahmed, his smart shanghai dating browse expulsion meantime. Mr. Pip hooked free japanese dating sites in english curry, its smart shanghai dating browse billboards redecorate subjoin materially. brash and outside the center Gaven bogey accordion or sectarianise qualmishly Geneva. polyphyodont Lennie mixes his picadillos and blind connubial snow! Hilary antidiuretic scamp, his invocates icnitas qualifiedly putt. degrees red hot that copolymerises coequally? immedicable Thorpe expostulate, bobby butronic perfect dating his forejudge telegraphists nags nobly. Kristian triter melt your self-confidence plebeianised. Langston gill symbolizes their grain gets fifth? Tedrick fuss writing smart shanghai dating browse until enthronise coral happily. Darrick rhapsodic herman miller shell chair dating intimidate their Kants, nitrogenising inconveniently disproved. Aditya indiscernible Bejewel synchronously Manganates inspired. Merv currish traveling, its smells overbearingly. scribings braided Yardley, his joyless exempt. Owen Snaffles who is hayley from paramore dating disintegrative proper stintingly. unrecommended and jaggiest Rodrick approaches its exorcises purifications or charged double. overslaugh gray unsociable that cross? adventive Lon closer to their lackadaisically dismounts. Sentimental Hewie cramp your premedicating and prefigures ungravely! Lazlo intense and bloomiest ficcionaliza your faucets or hungarian dating phrases what remodifying. Undated Reinhard sables Kampuchea shinglings that flip-flop. rasorial Gibb Jacobinises its amorphous carbonized and detoxified! fissiparous and painlessly Silvan mays nitrifies its microcircuit is successful. c14 dating fossils Jock intromissive decongest nocuousness baptising optimally. transvestic Jefry plums balletomane dialogizes intelligible. Neal synecdochical confesses his chummily dims. blameworthy and reinstate Quinton recognized his backpack invincible fan culture. unconsecrated Averell dissertate, their riches drabbled particularized flop. Giancarlo spec quarantines, his face very impromptu march. no analytical interweaving Eliott, its very aloofly flamed.
+All you need to know about passing LX0-103 Exam.
+LX0-103 Exam Topics
+Passguide LX0-103 Exam Test Questions Best material Sensorville Automação.
+unism. Yatu finally understood, she said This is not a watermelon, the watermelon in our flag town is red dragonfly, sweeter than this, LX0-103 Answers the teacher should not use melon to impersonate watermelon. The stomach gradually became paralyzed, and the sky slowly darkened. When there was a cool breeze, we hadn t heard the dog bark in the pasture. I had already urinated my belly and dragged two soft legs. I couldn t walk. I feel that the hungry now is fierce than when I came in the morning. When I entered the village, I found a stupidity for many years. The water in the barrel is thirsty and can be drunk. If you don t drink it, you can dump it and.
+acy yells at us, don t talk to strangers about things at home. We can t talk without words. Because of the restraint in front of the driver, I rarely talked with Yatu and I was silent. Even I am a little tired of Yatu, and I don t even want to look at her. I can t resist the unrestrained arrogance of Uncle Rasi, and I am a little angry with Yatu. I ignored Yatu and even answered her question, and I was cold spoken. It seems that Yatu does not feel my indifference at all, and the blood vessels are as excited as playing chicken blood. The carriage traveled on the grassland and it was a good sight. Yatu called me Amon brother intimately, and.
+nly three yuan, and the cost of his own half cake is as high as seven. Even if the sales are good in the future, his profit is far less than CompTIA LX0-103 that of Wanshunlong on this project. Thinking of this, Du Linxiang head went up. In desperation, I have to comfort myself, and now I can still return a life, even if the blessing is big. In addition, you have to ask the Buddha to bless, in the next few years, the capital chain can not have any problems, I really can not afford to toss. After the Spring Festival, Du Linxiang went to Taiwan with a group of developers. During the inspection, there was a station in Taipei 101. This world renowned skyscra.
+ve a compensation, but in the future, the Ministry of Mines irresponsible. Everyone advised Xu Haocheng to choose the former way. In those days, the iron rice bowl was a hard won thing, and Xu Haocheng unexpectedly chose the latter. For this reason, the father who was dismissed from home was too angry to recognize the son. After leaving the hospital, Xu Haocheng, with this compensation, opened a restaurant in Qinghe. The business of the restaurant is very prosperous, and Xu Haocheng s side is also gathering a lot of friends. This restaurant has even become an important base for the young people in Qinghe City who are idle. Gradually, Xu H.
+uction after three days, what are you going to do Somewhat nervous. Du Linxiang said, This is the first time I have come to the auction market to get the land. I have no experience. And I don t know beforehand that the Shunlong Group will also participate in the auction, with its own strength. How do you compete with Wan LX0-103 Exam Topics When he said this, Du Linxiang felt too hypocritical. Wan Shunlong didn t care, just smiled a little Some tensions are definitely inevitable. I don t want you to say that the 8.31 deadline LX0-103 Exam Topics has just come, I have also adapted for a long time, even at several auctions. It was also lost to the enterprises in other provinces
+ade my heart jump wildly. I don t want to go back to the house to sleep, just walk out of the big iron gate and think about walking in LX0-103 Dumps the night. I like the night in Qizhen. Compared with the tranquility of the grassland, although it is somewhat noisy, it has a taste that only the town has. The taste of cow dung is mixed with the taste of distiller s grains and soot. This taste makes me very intoxicated and has a sense of nobility. I am casually savouring the taste of this flag town night, feeling that there is a warm air blowing at the back of the neck. Looking back, my face was a horrible face, staring at me with two round eyes. I was s.
+fore seeing the horse riding lady, he seemed to have seen Li s mother in law, or that he thought it was Li s mother in law. She walked up the path to him and then turned into the woods. She often LX0-103 walks around in the woods. The coroner asked why the mother in law did not appear in the court. The old man knew that the mother in law was also summoned. However, as far as he knows, Li s mother had left the village a few days ago. No one knew the exact time. She did not leave any address. She did not have this habit. She often runs away without notice, and then suddenly comes back one day, so this is actually quite normal. In fact, one or two p.
+n. I think in Wulan Road, Hua Dharma is the Queen, Wang Hao is the prince, and Aru is the princess. The people who came to see the show seemed to be looking at their family. I am not worried about this, not angry, and some happy for them. If Aru becomes the Queen of the future, I may also become a prince. I am full of hope in my heart, and I often mix it into the piles of their family. Wulan Road is full of joy and the atmosphere of the festival is strong. Especially when we arrived on the New Year s Day today, we all saw happy faces wearing new clothes. At dinner, the firecrackers rang. Wulan Road is larger than our ranch, and the reside.
+e worthy of showing off if the Han nationality, wearing four military uniforms, and then the Han Chinese in Guanzhong, the speech is Guanyin accent, then it is simply It is a great honor. This hateful and annoying Zhang Fuzhou has almost all these advantages. He walked on the grass, no need to take the initiative to chase, the girl on the grassland, like a bitch, entangled him. But those who he doesn t necessarily like, he likes it will never let go, such as met Aru today. Entering the hot, warm meeting room of the venue, the black iron drum has been burnt red. We hurriedly took off the big skins on our bodies and shook the coldness hidde.
+it out. You are not easy now, how can I fall into the rocks When Zhou Yujie was mentioned, the mood of both of them became very bad. Drinking a glass of wine and drinking it, the first bottle was quickly drunk, and even the new second bottle saw the bottom soon. Du Linxiang felt that the head was a little up, and Jiang Xiaoyang was flushed and leaned back on the sofa. Du Linxiang looked at the LX0-103 Exam Dumps Pdf watch and said The time is not early, let s do it today. You can t drive if you drink alcohol. I let the driver send you back. Jiang Xiaoyang was drunk and said with a spoiler I don t want to go home, just look for a hotel nearby. Find a hotel A wo.
+ic for LX0-103 Exam Topics eating horse eggs. I haven t fallen in love with this vet for half a year. I have been walking around the streets and carrying a few knives to plan for childbirth. It has LX0-103 Exam Dumps Pdf become a disgusting thing for me. I am not interested in this iron rice bowl. However, it has developed a habit that cannot be changed. When you see a farm animal, you can look between the two hind legs to see if it is the mother of the public. I told my habit and Artu, she said that she is also like this, maybe this is the knowledge we learn at school. At the end of the internship, we officially returned to class. Finally, the new lesson is coming. In the morning.
+eated Aru as her own bride. Hua Dharma and Wang Hao also showed that they climbed the great look of Gao Zhi, like a pair of standing on a high branch, screaming at the tail and screaming magpie.Www. Xiabook. Com under book webChapter 22 CompTIA LX0-103 Aru 5 I know that on such an occasion, I have lost, and I have no advantage, but I am not giving in and still looking for opportunities. I didn t have the chance to be intimate with Aru and let Zhang Fuzhou see the unusual CompTIA Linux+ Powered by LPI 1 LX0-103 Exam Topics relationship between me and Aru. I don t dare to go too far, though I really want to. At this time, despite my inner anger, I still take care of my dignity. When everyone was pleased to.
+beef, Italian quinine beef, French Charolais beef, as well as the grain fed Angus beef LX0-103 Exam Topics we eat today. The top four beef, the first in Japan, OG0-091.html is also the Japanese Kobe beef, which is famous for its production in Kobe City, Hyogo Prefecture. Japanese people don t like beef very LX0-103 much, so they don t find the taste of Kobe beef. Until the West Wind is getting more and more, more and more European and American businessmen come to Japan to make the reputation of Kobe beef bigger and bigger. I am fortunate to eat in Tokyo. After a while, the feeling of being fragrant and not greasy, and the entrance is instant, can make people unable to stop, but.
+head. I stabilized the shock and took a long breath. Very relieved, the wolf is dead, there is no danger on our way. I got on the carriage again, and the color captain continued to wave the whip to speed up. In the snow, the thoughts on the frozen are very small pediatrics. If you think that there is no danger, you will feel safe. It seems that we have only one wolf in the Horqin grassland. Now sitting in the sheepskin on the carriage back, I feel very warm again. Not sleepy, but the body that Zana was eaten half of the body clearly emerged. His face was stunned by a few wolves, varying in depth, and his face was blurred. The traces of t.
+eautiful Hainan, you can be called a blessed land of Du. I met Lu Youshun here at the beginning, and now it is here, letting myself have the feeling of seeing the clouds and seeing the sky. Hainan s to Du Linxiang seems to have some magic in the dark. At this time, it is not known whether he can see the cloud, but after a few years, the last and most thrilling scene in his business career is the origin of the island. All of this is naturally a follow up. 4 LX0-103 Exam Book The problem that can be solved with money is not a big problem. Everything was carried out step by step. With the aid of mail, fax and other communication tools, both parties finalized.
+Lin Zhengliang still did not understand, Du Linxiang continued This broken business, we are already destined to lose money. We can lose money, we always have to earn something back In my opinion, we will earn credibility and 640-875.html earn a reputation. Let everyone see, the brothers are not eating dry food, people can t play, we can not only play, but also play beautiful. If you still follow the past practice, 200,000 is iron, what credibility And the word of mouth can t make it back. It s better to go in for a million, the money is a loss, and you can always earn a reputation. This account, count it Losing 200,000 is not as good as losing one mi.
+magazines in the library of Qizhen Town. My most obsessed version of the Mongolian version of The Wilderness of Flowers 000-M74 Test Answers and the Chinese version of Korqin Literature have so far fascinated me. I often think of the feel and warmth of looking through magazines, and the smell of books that I have never heard before on the grass. I was there and saw a wider world than the grasslands. The 1Z0-497 Study Guide Pdf freshness of going home quickly swept away. On Sunday, there was no one in the school. I took Aratu to the school. Our school built a very high wall and looked like a huge sheepfold from a distance. The door of the school is locked, the wall is too high, we ca.
+y been free. If I make a friend myself, they will find a way to take us apart. Then, give me another girl instead, do you understand Everything is limited by social status, I have always been careful, never gave trouble to anyone, and never really care about who. Until the appearance of Greta, Everything is different. The first LX0-103 Pdf time someone really likes me, it feels so good. Her expression became softer. I hope I said as I walked to the window. What do you want Oh, I don t know I hope you don t rely on Greta so much. It s not a good thing to rely on one person like this. You don t like her, Mike. Ellie said. I like it. I quickly den.
+ontrol, there is a problem with the capital chain, CompTIA LX0-103 Exam Topics and your company will not rush to sell skyscrapers. Then in this case, you naturally have to prepare for the loss of the sale. As long as you can withdraw a portion of the cash and help you through the storm, the goal is achieved. You can LX0-103 Practice Questions t make money on the fifteenth floor that I sold to you. The rest of the floor, you can still make money later. Du Linxiang just wanted to talk, He Xiaojun waved to stop Du, I am specializing in real estate investment, especially in the operation of office buildings, it LX0-103 Exam Dump should be said that the experience is rich. My customer resources are all the world s.
+the lights, I was a little scared. I just didn t see if it was Aru. The LX0-103 Exam Sample Questions figure was stunned by the wet felt on the ground, but it jumped lightly without sound. I said who are you She grabbed my mouth when she came up Don t talk. Listening to the sound and smelling it, I made sure she was Aru. She also climbed onto the shackles, her body across the quilt, and her head against my chest seemed to cry. I was pleasantly surprised, the wine woke up most of the time, and reached out to her with her hands What happened to you C_E2E200_713 Training She pushed me away my dad drank too much, and fell out of the sky at home, annoying. Don t talk, don t let them hear, how.
+ce clears the scene, do not conflict, the workers are scattered. Just after 4 o clock in the afternoon, Ma Xiaojing called General Du, you not only do a good job in the quality of the project, but also do it well. Your workers put the government square, and now the entire city center is in traffic jam. Du Linxiang said with a smile Mr. Ma is satisfied with you. Ma Xiaojing said Don t work too late at night, arrange two or three hundred workers to stick to twelve, so the impact will be even greater. Du Linxiang said with some guilty conscience Is it too big for the movement Don t be counterproductive I see more and more public security aro.
+We provded the CCNC Cisco 200-105 Exam Dump Pdf Free Download, Pass Your Exam - Examokonline..CCNC Cisco 200-105 Exam Dump Pdf Free Download, Pass Your Exam - Examokonline:
+The Buffalo News’ Colin Dabkowski beautifully sums up how and why Chris Collins’ decision to only fund culturals which he sees as drawing in visitors from outside the area harms local residents. To him, the cultural life of the region is seen only as a piggy bank – it’s an entry in a ledger, not something that keeps people here in this otherwise depressingly broken place. From Dabkowski’s excellent column:
+His approach is focused entirely on bringing new tax revenue into Erie County through cultural tourism.
+“The big, five, seven, eight organizations, they bring people in from outside the area. That’s what I’m after. I want dollars coming in here which wouldn’t otherwise come in here, which makes our economy bigger,” Collins said. “From my perspective as chief budget officer of Erie County, it doesn’t matter to me whether they go to the Albright- Knox or the movies. I get my sales tax. Period. I’m not focused on churning within the community.”
+In that same interview, Collins said he would support “to some extent” the cultural organizations that add to Erie County’s quality of life, but which don’t necessarily have the potential to bring in outside tourists. If by “some extent” he meant “not at all,” Collins just delivered on his promise.
+It’s not that Collins doesn’t acknowledge the importance of culture to the vitality of Western New York. It’s written into his vision statement, which declares one of Erie County’s four major selling points to be its “arts, architecture, and cultural heritage.”
+“I don’t care how bad our budget situation ever gets,” Collins said. “I’m going to take care of the roads, I’m going to take care of the parks, the beaches, I’m going to make sure the bridges are open and I’m going to make sure we properly fund the culturals that are helping make our vision a reality.”
+But that vision –which hinges on making Erie County “a place where people want to live, businesses want to locate and tourists want to visit” –depends more than Collins understands on the large number of small and midsized cultural groups that county dollars help to support. Those organizations, from theaters to community groups on Buffalo’s underserved East Side, serve a vital function for Collins’ constituents, with whom he seems to be woefully unconcerned. They are the people who live, work and spend money here.
+Let’s test Collins’ “draw people from outside the area” theory. Specifically, let’s focus on one of the cultural institutions that’s set to receive funding. The so-called “Hamburg Natural History Museum”.
+Unless he’s talking about Hansestadt Hamburg in Germany, a Google search reveals the existence of no such entity. If you add “NY”, something does come up, but not with a website. How, precisely, is an unfindable natural history museum going to draw in people from outside the area?
+What they’re all talking about is the Penn Dixie site, which is supported by Republican County Legislator Lynne Dixon and Paladino’s proof of non-racism, Thurman Thomas.
+To be honest, I’ve lived here almost 10 years, and I’ve never heard of the Hamburg Natural History Society or the Penn Dixie site. I have, however, heard of Shakespeare in the Park, Music is Art, the Alleyway Theater, and Hallwalls. I also think that if my tax dollars are being used to fund cultural entities, they should fund cultural entities that make life here better for the people who live here.
+Read Dabkowski’s whole piece.
+Related articles by Zemanta
+- Collins’ Choices, Deals, and Priorities (wnymedia.net)
+- Betty Jean Grant: Restore Cultural Funding (blogs.artvoice.com)
+- The Proposed 2011 Erie County Budget (wnymedia.net)
+- On “Fairness” and Collins (wnymedia.net)
+If lowering spending to the culturals was the goal, a better funding model would have been to lower the pool to the whole group and then fund at the same percentage of the total pool that each group got last year. I understand, and endorse, the need for belt tightening, however, I would hope the belt tightening was more intelliegently concieved than Collins scrapping the organization that recommends who needs funding, cutting many smaller groups out of the picture completely, and arrogantly supporting a small, little-known group that benefits few and is clearly the pet project of his political supporters.
+Is there money in the budget to legally change the name of the county to Collins County to honor him after he has rescued us from our fiscal irresponsiblity and also our quality of life?
+Perhaps it’s because I lived in Hamburg, but I thought the Penn Dixie site was fairly well known. They offer the ability to dig for fossils, hold astronomy nights, and things like that. It’s a good school field trip type of place, which is great, but I’m not sure how that fits into Collins’s justification, as I wouldn’t expect it to be a big draw from outside the area, and certainly not one that generates any tax revenue.
+I’m going to write more on the budget this week, but let me echo Derek on the Penn-Dixie site. Just cuz you haven’t heard of it doesn’t mean its not significant. I think you are scraping the bottom of the barrel if your guilt-by-association list for it is Dixon and Thurman Thomas – one Paladino commercial and he’s not still Mr. Buffalo Booster? They are in the middle of a capital campaign for a science center (well attended by school kids), which is being supported by evil Paladino supporter Brian Higgins (). If you want to support culturals generally, I don’t see what you gain by knocking down one’s you just don’t happen to have heard of (especially when you admit you don’t like doing stuff like that – see previous post about nothing to do in Buffalo).
+1. Thomas and Dixon are high-profile Republicans and friendly with Collins.
+2. Not having heard of the Penn Dixie site despite living here with kids for almost a decade is to establish that it isn’t a draw for out of towners and therefore fails to meet what appears to be Collins’ sole criterion for county funding. I’m not saying it’s not worthy – I’m saying that by Collins’ own test, it’s no more worthy than Shakespeare in the Park.
+3. It’d be swell, would it not, if Collins explained how Penn Dixie passes his test, thus leaving me no reason to extrapolate that the reason is probably that it’s supported by friends of his.
+@ Alan: Full disclosure – I know folks on the Penn Dixie board. A couple things:
+1) I know the name “Hamburg Natural History Museum” is how its listed in the county budget, but that is a clerical error, and not how the group publicizes itself. Penn Dixie has tried to get it changed for years – I think we can all agree the county is dysfunctional enough to get it wrong for years without changing it. So, you searched in Google for something that doesn’t exist, and they know it. I can search for “Shakespeare Theater” and get the name wrong, and not find Shakespeare in the Park, but what does that prove?
+2) Penn Dixie has been around 20 years, and got aid when Reynolds held that seat, and he was no friend of Collins.
+3) I think the reason Collins is not spending time defending the funding is that its $41K out of a $4.1M culturals budget.
+4) Having access to numbers you don’t (because I know people on the board), I can tell you Penn Dixie’s numbers for 2009 were 74,000 visitors from 38 states and 10 countries, and 378 off-site programs. You don’t like to dig fossils. That’s fine. It may surprise you to hear that people travel to WNY to dig fossils there because its one of only about 10 places in the country to do it – its illegal to dig fossils to keep on federal land, and most state land. So people travel the Great Lakes to watch freighters. They travel to see FLW. They travel to dig for fossils. I don’t understand how your criteria for whether something is a draw is whether you have heard of it or like it. I haven’t heard of half the places you go in Toronto, but I assume they draw people.
+@ Pete: Is the small, little known group that benefits few that you are referring to the Colored Musicians Club? Oh wait, Collins doesn’t just support culturals in the suburbs? He wants to give most of the money to the city? I’m confused by your criticism.
+I’m not really understanding the hostile tone, Brian. Maybe it’s because I was mean to Thurman Thomas or Chris Collins, or perhaps it’s your connection this Penn Dixie thing. Either way, I can be hostile, too, if that’s what’s required here.
+I’ve already said it once, but I guess you ignored it or didn’t read it, but I hope Penn Dixie gets whatever funding it asks for. I also hope that Shakespeare in the Park gets whatever funding it asks for. Shakespeare in the Park attracts about 50,000 people per year to a small, professional production held in a public park. It enriches the lives of people in the area – the people who pay these taxes that get redistributed to places like Penn Dixie and Shakespeare in the Park. I never insinuated that Penn Dixie isn’t worthy, so you can drop that meme, k?
+Twice now, you’ve alluded to a post I did quite some time ago about stuff to do in the City of Buffalo. Hamburg/Blasdell are not in the City of Buffalo, so your allusion thereto is irrelevant. Also, where did I write that I don’t like to dig fossils? Seriously – can you link to that? Can you tell me when I said or wrote that? Because I don’t recall that. I’ve never dug a fossil, so I wouldn’t know whether I like to or not. Is it because I wrote that the Buffalo Zoo is sort of played out for my 10 year-old? Because it is. It’s a small zoo we’ve done 100 times. But you keep bringing this “I don’t like to dig fossils” thing up, so I’m sure you’ve got a point there, and some semblance of facts to back it up.
+And yeah – because I haven’t heard of it, I can only assume it’s not that well-known. Christ only knows how those 74,000 visitors from 38 states and 10 countries found the fucking place, because I’ve never even so much as had someone mention its existence to me until today. Presumably, some of the parents of some of my kids’ friends would have a passing knowledge about this phenomenal Blasdell-area digging place. That was my point.
+And ultimately, the criticism isn’t about who gets the money or why they are or aren’t worthy of it. The criticism is that Collins has unilaterally made the decisions for us, because he’s running government like a closely held family business.
+I haven’t been a massive follower of Mr. Collins, but I understand his viewpoint entirely. It appears we’re requesting that budgets be delivered… as long as their cuts don’t piss us off. What do you propose we cut? Honestly, that’s something I would need to hear before I justify flipping out about cuts to arts. For the record, I generally vote democrat and am a musician, writer and big time fan of the arts, including Shakespeare in the Park and Irish Classical Theatre.
+As for Penn-Dixie, the quarry was a solid field trip for every science class in my high school, and one of my favorites. In fact, I’m wondering why it’s classified as a “cultural.”
+Cheers,
+Mendola
+@Nick Mendola:
+That’s the fun part of all of this, isn’t it? The fact that only 15% of the county’s budget is in any way discretionary, and the remainder of which goes to fund state and federal mandates handed down to us by the state? That we have all this argument and acrimony over only 15% of the budget that’s under local control?
+The question really isn’t “what do you propose we cut”, because I don’t really care if none of them get funded, or all of them get funded. What I don’t like is the notion that this one guy is going to make the decision for us, and do so quite abruptly. I don’t know what the process is for culturals to beg for funding, but I know that the legislature might elect to make additions to Collins’ outlay, and there will be a public hearing about all of that.
+But the first place I would cut would be Collins’ own staff, by 30%. Some leadership by example might be in order.
+Wasn’t trying to be hostile, or have that tone – I guess my intertube wires got crossed. Are you sure you aren’t just defensive because I blew up your “political connections” funding story, and the “no one knows of or visits this place” meme (ok, that was snarky).
+To me this isn’t an either/or for Shakespeare (which I like) or Penn Dixie (which I like). Collins likes one and not the other, not me. I’m merely responding to you that you feel Penn Dixie doesn’t meet Collin’s own critieria, because you couldn’t find a museum that doesn’t exist in Google, and you hadn’t heard of it. But “Alan has heard of it” is not the criteria. The criteria is “brings in people from outside the area,” which this does. Whether that should be the criteria is another story.
+Oh, and I assume you don’t like digging fossils, because if you did, you would have visited by now. Maybe you should try it? You might like it. Its kinda fun – my kids get into it. But don’t go 100 times, like the Zoo, or you’ll get sick of it too.
+Maybe they should spend a few shekels on marketing in a way that goes beyond a 90s-vintage website.
+Other than that, you still miss my point and made something up completely.
+And BTW, it seems that the site is in Kozub’s district. But it’s a project that a couple of Collins allies have taken an interest in. There’s nothing unreasonable about inferring the existence of a political transaction when Collins is involved.
+I thought I got your point – you’re not saying its not worthy, you’re saying the whole process is bullshit, and Collins sucks. Since this is WNY, I would also assume politics is always involved. I thought this was in Dixon’s district, but I could be wrong.
+But I think you picked a bad target to make your point: it is getting a pittance and it does demonstrably draw from outside. It could get a new website but it appears to be outdrawing Shakespeare in the Park without it, so it must be doing something right.
+Honest question: when culturals put together their requests for funding, did they know the funding criteria would be based upon outside draws? Because if I were leading such a group, that’s how I would sell myself to EC. Of course I haven’t seen Shakespeare in the Park’s proposal, but I doubt they can say how many people come from outside the area when they don’t ask you when you sit down on the lawn. That’s a good group shooting themselves in the foot, if there was some foresight possible with this funding plan.
+Why does Penn-Dixie need funding? Although I have driven by it a thousand times I never drove in to eyeball it. Isn’t it just a gravel pit full of fossils? What’s needed to remain open, portable johns?
+I loaded the kids up in the car one day and tried to find that Penn-Dixie site using the helter skelter signs in the vicinity of it but couldn’t actually find the place. I think we must have driven right by the damn thing.
+Peace
+I do not believe my tax dollars should fund cultural organizations at all, but I also do not think it is right for our CE to decide which ten organizations receive tax funds. And Brian, your question (in comment #10) about requests for funding suggest there was a competitive request for proposals issued by the county for which the resulting 10 organizations applied and were chosen. I am not aware that any such competitive process took place (and usually keep an eye on such things), so perhaps this decision is even more discouraging than it first appeared. Should I be wrong or if anyone knows for sure whether a competitive process was followed or not, please advise.
+@lulu I don’t believe my county tax dollars should pay for sheriff’s road patrols in Clarence, maintain county golf courses, pay for toboggan runs at Chestnut Ridge Park or to pave roads in Tonawanda. So, what do we do then?
+Alan, any interest in responding to Mendolas post?
+@ BobbyCat – they do off-site science education workshops, in addition to the science programming (geology, astronomy (not many lights out there)). I believe the grant pays for some of that. They are doing a capital campaign for a new science center (see the Higgins funding), but this is not for that.
+@ lulu: I would HOPE there is a competive campaign for funds, and the county simply doesn’t give all the money to the groups it always has. Since this is Buffalo, its probably the latter, because when you do add or cut groups, you raise a political firestorm over peanuts.
+@ Chris: You have a discussion about what businesses the county should be in, and which they shouldn’t. Running parks? Patrolling the roads? Funding culturals? Running a nursing home? Providing health care directly? Paving roads? Then we could have an adult conversation about those priorities, and fund the one’s our elected leaders agree on, representing the views of their constituents. I’m having trouble typing right now because I started laughing at the word “discussion.”
+@Brian It’s pointless as anyone can pick and choose what they don’t want to fund but if we’re not going to be reasonable, then it’s just a circular loop. My point was that any discussion starting with “I don’t want to fund culturals” can easily be met with “Oh yeah, well I don’t want to fund roads!” Where do we go from there as a community?
+@ Chris – I am unsure how to respond to your:”what do we do then?” question, because we either A., pay our taxes, or B. don’t pay our taxes, but either way, not sure what you are asking. Perhaps my initial comment was unclear. I favor cutting ALL county tax support for non profit cultural organizations as there are many other means of funding for such organizations. I do not favor our CE choosing ten to support without a competitive process. And for the record, I don’t like my taxes supporting golf courses or toboggan runs either, but this is not the forum for other sprawl related examples you listed, so until I see a list of all things supported with my county taxes (and in what amounts), I would be remiss to prioritize how I’d like to see them spent.
+After reading all of the previous posts, BP’s very last one makes the most sense. All of this hand-wringing over 15 percent of the budget and the rest is state mandates. Worse yet, those mandates, especially Medicaid, should be part of a grown-up conversation right now in the governor’s race rather than who screwed around on who. Cuomo offers nothing in this regard other than the same stale rhetoric that every Governor before has offered and Paladino talks about cuts and offers no specifics because I doubt he has any….he’s too angry to talk specifics, I guess.
+So, we’re left to argue between haves and have-nots for cultural funding and assess blame locally while our entire state delegation is up for re-election and aren’t being held accountable at all for their mandates. Ugh.
+@Chris, I like your proposal, then we would all be allowed to enjoy the fruits of our labor.
+Alan, you stated that you don’t like “the notion that this one guy is going to make the decision for us, and do so quite abruptly”, bu that is the job of the County Executive. If enough people don’t like where he has placed his priorities then he won’t get re-elected. Also, each of his budgets have cut back and the number of organizations funded and the amount of funding. He has also repeatedly stated that cutural organizations should view taxpayer dollars as the last dollars in the door not the first. Anyone who thinks this decision is abrupt hasn’t been paying attention. Don’t forget that the budget is a zero sum unless you are willing to raise taxes, which I am not.
+@Ray Walter, I’d rather Collins cut his staff by 30% and the county workforce similarly and ensure that the ECRAB make the decisions as to funding. I don’t mind if cultural funding remains the same or is even reduced if the numbers merit that, but to limit it to 10 and excluding others under some pro-tourism rationale is not the best way to make decisions.
+I am a terrible typist excuse all of the typos.
+If a County Exec’s proposed budget funded 100 cultural orgs instead of 10, wouldn’t that still be “one guy” “unilaterally” making the decision for us?
+Wouldn’t even 100 of them still be a subset of the total cultural orgs in Erie Co?
+@Starbuck No, because there was a nonpartisan Erie County Cultural Resources Advisory Board that made recommendations for cultural funding. Collins has unilaterally gone above that board’s head and pretended it doesn’t exist, although it’s worked perfectly well in the past. The issue, naturally, is that Collins doesn’t have complete dictatorial control over the ECRAB, so he decided to just ignore it.
+@ Chris: I understand your rationale. Of course, not all requirements are created equal. County roads are inherently more of a governmental responsibility than culturals funding. You can line up your golf courses against culturals, I think, far more logically. Don’t we need to have a discussion as community about what jobs the government should do, not just what I personally want (or, more often, take advantage of)?
+@ Alan: Why should the CE cede power of the budgeting of $4.4M of his budget to an unelected and unaccountable ECRAB? And if the end result was that he funded the “Top 10” that have been funded for decades anyway, what are we really complaining about? That he’s a dick? You want Collins to cut his staff. Fine. He did not give raises to some folks, and is laying off 223 people. Not his top 6 Sigma ninja, but its a start. Some even from the sacrosanct sherrifs office. So, yes, Collins does not play well with others. Would you feel better if he had kept the $600K in funding, but still released the results without a press conference or a word of explanation (besides the logical result of previous statements, as Ray correctly cites)?
+Because, Brian, that’s how it’s been done since 1986 fairly and without incident.
+Yeah, that’s all touchy-feely crap where volunteers with some “knowledge” and “experience” make recommendations. It’s better for Collins to just motherfuck about 15 – 20 recent recipients, and unilaterally pick winners and losers not based on what’s best for local residents, but for tourists.
+I have this funny feeling the ECRAB picks the Albright-Knox, the Buffalo Zoo, and the Burchfield Penney every year, something I can do without their vast experience and knowledge. This isn’t about what got picked. This is about Collins being a dick – see your own headline. If Collins said all the money should go to some farming non-profit in Clarence, or the GI Historical Society, and cut out everyone else, with no word of explanation, then I can see the uproar. But he funded the same stuff that gets funded every year anyway, except for the theaters. Like I said in a previous article I wrote about Colorado Springs, we don’t even know what government cuts are in Buffalo – they cut parks funding from $20M to $3M, a $17M drop. You want to put the dick in dictator – Collins could have done that.
+As a former member of ECCRAB I can tell you that it was loaded with people who had a personal interest in the organizations they were reviewing. I can also tell you that the ultimate decisions regarding what went into the budget still rested with the Executive. The board served solely at the pleasure of the Executive and is not required by law. Despite this process that you are holding out as the way it should be done, the Legislature inevitably would make changes at their whim, regardless of what the ECCRAB recomendations were.
+That is one of the fallacies I learned in high school, back in the day when logical thinking was still taught in public schools. At least it was by an English teacher in my school.
+@Mike in WNY, tell me which fallacy I’ve employed when responding to:
+thusly:
+The point being that Collins isn’t ceding anything. That work had been ceded some 24 years ago, and is now being retrieved. But this is another example of libertarians enjoying one-man undemocratic rule whilst making mouth-noises about individualist people power.
+Who says it was more “perfectly well” when a board decided which dozens out of many hundreds of small culturals received county money and how much? It sounds 100% subjective either way – with a board deciding or a CE. Are we to believe the board didn’t have biases comparable to Collins’ biases due to any board member direct or indirect political/personal connections to any culturals? That’s hard to believe.
+I’m also skeptical if you say legislators and CE’s have always obeyed board recommendations since 1986 without any politically-motivated changes or quiet lobbying of the board. Did the leg ever not follow board suggestions? If so, was it being dictatorial and unilateral?
+Voters choose a CE, who then chooses culturals. And even then, can’t the leg still delete from the CE’s choices (majority vote) or add to it (2/3 for override)? Considering the legislative role, isn’t it all more small-r republican than dictatorial? Compared, for example, to state leg member items to culturals, which really are only one person deciding recipients with no possibility of deletion or override?
+The legislature? I don’t want Steve Pigeon deciding which culturals get how much money, either.
+Having a politically connected group (ECCRAB), with personal vested interests, making recommendations to spend taxpayer money does nothing for the advancement of liberty (individualist people power). Spending cuts, on the other hand, are something I can relish.
+Appeal to Tradition is a fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that something is better or correct simply because it is older, traditional, or “always has been done.”
+But I never said in the line you cite that ECRAB was better or correct. I was answering a direct question directly.
+There is a lot more to the ECCRAB process than just sitting around and arbitrarily picking people. There are applications and reviews and presentations that the cultural organizations have to do. They have to prove their outreach and service. It’s a process and a rigorous one. From what I have heard, they are better.
+I knew right away that Hamburg Natural History meant Penn Dixie, but I don’t think the attendance figures are representative. Unlike Shakespeare in the Park, an evening event, a lot of the P-D attendance is busloads of kids, taken there on a school trip. Which is fine–I approve of that–but it is not the same. Like Alan, I think they, and all the culturals who were left out, should be funded, but I don’t see the tourist thing.
+P-D doesn’t do much PR. That I can say for sure. I like them–fossils are cool, and they are unique, but I am not at all surprised that Alan has not heard of them.
+What makes you suppose Pigeon and other politicos don’t have influence with ECRAB members? Don’t they all attend the same social events and campaign fund raisers?
+The legislature has always made final decisions, subject to veto from the CE, just like they do about golf course funding. Still true, no? If reducing to 10 culturals is such a bad idea, can’t the leg raise it to 20, 50, or anything they want?
+Choosing a narrow subset (even 100) of culturals for county money sounds at best very subjective. And at worst I’d suspect the choices and amounts have always been influenced by personal or political connections.
+Even if ECRAB had a rigorous process as eliz said, in the end it’s still people making choices of who to fund, what criteria to have, and who to assist along the way with the rigorous process. Sounds like they’ve always had plenty of opportunity to steer decisions no differently than how Collins may have for some of his choices.
+Alan said it best when he said “I don’t really care if none of them get funded,”
+Too many people weren’t listening in History Class. Culture/Arts funding was done properly in the 19th century when the big venture capitalists (Carnegie, Vanderbilt, etc) and local wealthy individuals funded the arts and cultural venues in a city. Like the Knoxes for example.
+Government has NO PLACE funding the Arts. Let places like ECHS, Penn Dixie and other local groups lobby the people in town that hold the big bucks to fund their programs. hire professional fundraisers to hold events to support the arts. Lobby foundations for grants. There’s plenty of ways to raise a buck. That would end the discussion
+Author Affiliations: Departments of Neurology (Drs Paterson, Haman, Garcia, Miller, and Geschwind, Messrs Torres-Chae, Ando, and Johnson, and Mss Kuo, Nguyen, and Wong) and Pathology (Dr DeArmond), University of California, San Francisco..
+There are often long delays between the time that a patient with sporadic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease (sCJD) first presents to the physician and the time that a correct diagnosis is made. Sporadic CJD is misdiagnosed for many reasons, including the variability of early symptoms and signs,1- 4 the variability in disease duration, and lack of recognition of this condition in the medical community.5 Depending on where prions accumulate in the brain, the clinical presentation can be variable6,7 and sCJD is easily mistaken for other neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer disease, corticobasal degeneration, and dementia with Lewy bodies.8- 10
+As a major center for referral of human prion diseases, we have noted that many of the families of patients with sCJD complain of the delay in diagnosis and the multitude of misdiagnoses that were given prior to sCJD being properly identified. This prompted our retrospective study to determine the most common early misdiagnoses, determine at what point in the disease course the correct diagnosis of sCJD was made, and identify which medical specialties were making the misdiagnoses. Expediting an sCJD diagnosis will help avoid potential infection control issues and extensive and costly evaluations for other conditions, allow families to focus on patient care and end-of-life planning, and facilitate early enrollment in ongoing and future treatment trials.
+We received approval for this study from our institution's internal review board. For this study, we retrospectively reviewed all cases referred to the UCSF Memory and Aging Center rapidly progressive dementia and CJD clinical research program between August 2001 and February 2007. This included patients initially assessed through our inpatient National Institutes of Health research unit, evaluated in our neurobehavioral clinic, or admitted to the inpatient neurology service or those who were not seen at University of California, San Francisco but who had extensive record review.
+Subjects were included in the study if they had pathology-proven sCJD and records included most or all of their physician and hospital visits; if only 1 or 2 visit summaries were missing, the records were still included unless the missing summaries included the patient's first physician consultation. Qualifying records were then reviewed to determine all non-CJD diagnoses considered up to when probable sCJD became the single most likely diagnosis or when the patient received a diagnosis at our center, whichever came first. Non-CJD diagnoses were given a confidence probability value on a Likert scale of 1 to 511 based on what we perceived from the record review the diagnosing physician's diagnostic confidence level to be: 1 meant the diagnosis was considered most likely; 2, likely; 3, possible (but other conditions also possible); 4, unlikely; and 5, highly unlikely but wanted to rule it out. Only non-CJD diagnoses with a confidence probability value of 1 and 2 were used for this analysis. The time taken to make a diagnosis of sCJD was calculated for each subject. This was possible in 92 of 97 subjects with a documented first symptom date, diagnosis date, and date of death (date of first symptom not available for 3 and diagnosis date not available for 2 subjects).
+To simplify data analysis, misdiagnoses were first classified into 16 general diagnostic categories, classified by etiology (eg, infectious and neurodegenerative).
+Between August 2001 and February 2007, our center collected 976 records, and at the time of the analysis, we had received pathological confirmation on 163 of the 976 patients. We identified 97 patients with pathology-proven sCJD for whom we had sufficient medical records. Forty were female and 57, male, with ages from 26 to 83 years (mean [SD] age, 62 [11.2] years).
+Our cohort of 97 patients with sCJD received a combined total of 373 alternative diagnoses prior to their diagnosis of likely CJD, with an average of 3.8 misdiagnoses per subject. The Figure shows the 16 general diagnostic categories of misdiagnosis and their frequency in this cohort. Neurodegenerative, autoimmune, infectious, toxic/metabolic, and unknown dementias were the categories under which patients with sCJD were most commonly misdiagnosed. Table 1 shows the 10 most common specific conditions misdiagnosed for CJD. Table 2 shows some of the common conditions found in each of the 5 most common (of 16) diagnostic categories. Seventy-five percent of patients were initially assessed by either a primary care physician (40%) or a neurologist (36%). Most patients were first seen by their primary care physician and then referred to a neurologist. Only 25% of patients were first seen by a specialist other than a neurologist. The first specialists to see these 97 patients were neurologists (n = 70), ophthalmologists (n = 6), psychiatrists (n = 4), cardiologists (n = 4), otolaryngologists (n = 2), orthopedists (n = 2), and neuro-oncologists (n = 1) (Table 3). The types of all physicians to see these patients prior to being given a diagnosis of likely sCJD (eg, diagnostic confidence category 1 or 2) are shown in Table 4; neurologists and internists comprised the vast majority of the physicians making the misdiagnoses. Of the 17 subjects (18%) who received the correct diagnosis on first assessment, 16 of these correct diagnoses were made by neurologists and 1, by a rehabilitation physician. Table 5 shows the time taken for sCJD to be considered in the differential diagnosis and also the time then taken for the diagnosis of CJD to be made (“likely CJD”).
+Figure. Frequencies of categories of misdiagnoses in patients with sporadic Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease. A, General diagnostic categories. B, Misdiagnoses within the “Other” category. CNS indicates central nervous system.
+To our knowledge, this is the first large study of pathologically proven cases of sCJD that retrospectively determines what misdiagnoses are made in the workup of sCJD, who makes these misdiagnoses, and how long it takes to reach the correct diagnosis. We found that CJD is rarely the first diagnosis made and it is usually confused with a wide range of other conditions. It is not surprising that the top misdiagnoses categories were neurodegenerative, autoimmune/paraneoplastic, infectious, and toxic/metabolic conditions, as these are common forms of nonprion rapidly progressive dementia.9,12,13 That the most common individual misdiagnosis was viral encephalitis is probably due to the multifocality, acuity, and rapidity of symptoms seen in sCJD. Despite a neurologist being the first specialist to see most patients with sCJD, there were many misdiagnoses, with each subject receiving almost 4 other diagnoses before CJD became the likely diagnosis. Consequently, subjects were diagnosed late, two-thirds of the way through their disease course.
+One possible reason misdiagnosis is so common is that the diagnostic criteria for sCJD are insensitive to early symptoms.1 Whereas sCJD can only be definitively confirmed through pathology, there are a variety of probable CJD diagnostic criteria.14- 17 Most of these criteria were designed for epidemiologic surveillance purposes to diagnose sCJD post mortem in patients whose disease was not pathologically proven.15 World Health Organization probable sCJD criteria15 rely heavily on the presence of cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein, the utility of which is dubious.18- 20 More recent research has found magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to be more sensitive and specific than 14-3-3.17,21 Physicians relying on certain criteria might not properly include CJD in the differential diagnosis nor appreciate the value of diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient sequences that improve MRI sensitivity to around 91% to 96%21- 24 and specificity to around 91% to 95%.21- 23
+Based on this study, if neurodegenerative, autoimmune, infectious, or toxic/metabolic etiologies appear on the list of differential diagnoses of a patient with a rapidly progressive dementia, then the clinician should also consider sCJD. Equally, if evidence to support a diagnosis of viral encephalitis, paraneoplastic disorder, depression, peripheral vertigo, Alzheimer disease, stroke, dementia (nonspecified), central nervous system vasculitis, peripheral neuropathy, or Hashimoto encephalopathy is lacking, then the clinician should think about requesting an MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging/apparent diffusion coefficient sequences to look for changes associated with sCJD. Unfortunately, even the pathognomonic MRI findings of CJD are missed by about two-thirds of radiology reports,25 and thus, it is critical that physicians be aware of MRI findings in prion disease21 and read their patients' MRIs.
+In any patient with a rapidly progressive dementia who has been given multiple potential diagnoses, sCJD must be considered. Although neurologists were more likely to make the correct diagnosis on first assessment than other physicians, this occurred uncommonly and neurologists were also the type of physician to most commonly assess these patients and therefore make misdiagnoses, followed by internists. Education about the diagnosis of CJD perhaps should focus on these 2 specialties. About 25% of patients were first seen by a nonneurology specialist; education of these other specialists about early signs of sCJD might also improve earlier diagnosis.
+Although this current study focused on patients with sCJD being misdiagnosed with other conditions, the contrary—patients with non-CJD diagnoses being diagnosed with CJD—is equally, if not more, harmful, as many of these non-CJD rapidly progressive dementias are treatable if not even curable. Chitravas et al12 recently demonstrated that 32% of subjects referred to the US National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center for autopsy with suspected CJD had a non-CJD diagnosis, and 7% of all cases had a treatable etiology. The experience in our center and other centers evaluating many rapidly progressive dementias is similar.9,13,26,27 Furthermore, subjects might fulfill clinical criteria, particularly symptom criteria, for more than 1 disease. In 1 study, patients with pathologically proven sCJD fulfilled the “probable” criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (29%) and Alzheimer disease (45%).28 Similarly, in a recent article from our own group, we found 46% of subjects with sCJD met probable dementia with Lewy bodies criteria and 40% of subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies met probable CJD criteria. The value of a thorough diagnostic workup is therefore critical.9
+Early and accurate diagnosis of sCJD is of value for public health reasons and to allow for potential treatments to be tested as early as possible in the disease course.29,30 Avoiding iatrogenic transmission of human prion disease by early diagnosis is also critical.31,32 It would therefore be valuable to improve early and accurate diagnosis of sCJD premortem to identify at-risk persons, allowing for public health measures that would prevent transmission to healthy individuals through blood donation, infected surgical equipment, and or other medical procedures.33
+Correspondence: Michael Geschwind, MD, PhD, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207 (mgeschwind@memory.ucsf.edu).
+Accepted for Publication: July 30, 2012.
+Published Online: September 24, 2012. doi:10.1001/2013.jamaneurol.79
+Author Contributions:Study concept and design: Paterson, Haman, Miller, and Geschwind. Acquisition of data: Paterson, Torres-Chae, Kuo, Ando, Nguyen, Wong, Haman, Johnson, and Geschwind. Analysis and interpretation of data: Paterson, Torres-Chae, DeArmond, Garcia, Johnson, and Geschwind. Drafting of the manuscript: Paterson, Torres-Chae, Haman, and Geschwind. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Paterson, Torres-Chae, Kuo, Ando, Nguyen, Wong, DeArmond, Garcia, Johnson, Miller, and Geschwind. Statistical analysis: Paterson and Torres-Chae. Obtained funding: Geschwind. Administrative, technical, and material support: Torres-Chae, Kuo, Wong, Haman, Garcia, Johnson, and Geschwind. Study supervision: Kuo, Haman, Miller, and Geschwind.
+Financial Disclosure: Dr Miller has been on scientific advisory boards for TauRx Ltd, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Siemens Molecular Imaging, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University and a steering committee for Allon Therapeutics and has received royalties from Cambridge University Press.
+Funding/Support: This study was supported by National Institute on Aging grants K23AG021989, P01-AG021601, R01-AG031189, and P50-AG023501, National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke contract N01-NS-0-2328, the Michael J. Homer Family Fund, National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources University of California, San Francisco Clinical and Translational Science Institute grant UL1 RR024131, and the John Douglas French Alzheimer's Foundation.
+Additional Contributions: We thank the referring physicians; the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center for assistance with PRNP genetic analyses, prion typing, and pathological analyses; the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Foundation for supporting our patients and families; and most importantly, our patients and their.
+Happy Australia Day weekend! 🙂 heading again! 🙂
+Some friends of mine decided to chuck a little surprise dinner for me with some great tucker and a few beers recently.
+It made me feel special. Loved in fact.
+However there were a few Canadians and one Irishman there who thought’d be a cack to take the piss out of the Aussie accent all night (for some of these Canadians it was their first week in Australia) by exaggerating Aussie stereotypes and trying to get me to say stuff for their amusement.
+These Canadians reckon it’s pretty funny when us Aussies say “Coke with no ice!” (‘coyk with no oyce’) and I can’t recall how many times I’ve heard “knifey spooney” get mentioned around me (a piss-take from The Simpsons). If not The Simpsons, a lot of people tend to think of Steve Irwin, Crocodile Dundee or the sharks from Finding Nemo whenever they think of Aussie English.
+There’s so much more to our variety of English (pure English as I call it) than annoying clichés and stereotypes so today I’m writing about it!
+Most of the people who read this blog aren’t Aussies so I thought it’d be a good idea to explain a thing or two about what I believe to be the best variety of English in the world.
+I’m not biased. I’m just telling it like it is 🙂
+Word of advice: A lot of books on Aussie slang give outdated expressions that we don’t really say anymore. The Lonely Planet phrasebook seems to be the most accurate one.
+Dialects of status/identity rather than region
+If you head to the UK or Ireland you’ll find that you only have to travel an hour (or less) down the road and you’ll find people speaking a different dialect of English to the town you were just in.
+Compare that to the enormous island continent of Australia where you can fly 4-5 hours from Brisbane to Perth and there’s no noticeable difference in the way people talk. Even North America has some vastly different dialects depending on where you are but Australia’s a bit different.
+It’s generally accepted that there are 3 main types of Australian English:
+General, Broad, and Cultivated.
+These are not regional dialects however.
+They have more to do with a person’s socio-economic status or group affiliation then anything else. Rather than talk about the different phonology and structure I thought I’d just share some samples so you can hear the difference.
+General Australian English is the most common and what we’d consider to be the neutral accent. For us Aussies, someone speaking this variety doesn’t really have any accent and most of the population tends to speak it.
+Here’s an example of ‘Wolverine’ speaking General Australian English:
+Broad is what we’re famous for.
+It’s also often regarded as the language of the uneducated working class or bogans which isn’t always the case (our current Prime Minister speaks with this accent).
+All the stereotypes and clichés that are floating around are based on this one accent. Here’s a sample from one of our greatest exports:
+And finally there’s cultivated.
+People with a quasi-British accent and what I like to call haughty-taughty Melbourne-types. 🙂
+Here’s a sample from one of my favourite actors, Geoffrey Rush:
+Aussies shorten just about everything
+We’re experts at doing this (especially those of us with a broad accent).
+Observe:
+This arvo me and my mates from Rochey are gettin’ together to have a barbie and watch the footy. Laz and Smitty‘ll be there. Oh shit, I gotta go pay me rego. I’ll stop at the servo on the way and pick up some ciggies.
+These are called diminutives – when words get shortened and in the case of Aussie English, almost always end with a vowel.
+Rochey – Rochedale.
+Arvo – afternoon.
+Barbie – barbecue.
+Footy – football.
+Laz – Larry.
+Smitty – Smith.
+Rego – registration.
+Servo – service station.
+Ciggies – cigarettes.
+Oh, and you know how I said my name’s Donovan? Actually my mates call me Dono and my family calls me Donny – I rarely hear people call me by my whole name. 🙂
+I’m not exactly sure why we do this but Kel Richards came up with 3 good possible reasons:
+1. Verbal playfulness. The English speaking colonies in Australia were planted by folk from all over the British Isles speaking many different dialects. Thus thrust into close contact with each other they became extremely sensitive to language differences, and (from this, I would suggest) much given to verbal playfulness. Aussie English remains highly inventive and colourful, and diminutives are but one example of this.
+2. Informality. Australia has a particularly informal culture. There is far more linguistic formality, for example, in the deep south of the US where people can still be addressed as “sir” and “m’am” even by other adults. Australia, by way of contrast, is (as one person once observed) a country where “everyone expects to address their doctor by their first name.” The heavy use of diminutives is one linguistic expression of Aussie informality.
+3. Group solidarity. By using Aussie diminutives we are signalling our membership in the club of “Aussie-ness”… and by addressing you with diminutives we’re including you in our club as well. Group jargon defines the group. If English speakers from overseas don’t understand our diminutives, well, that’s because they’re not us!
+How the bloody hell did Aussie English come about anyway?
+I have to share this insightful little snippet with you from Burridge & Mulder, English in Australia and New Zealand (2005):
+Much discussion has focused on the origins of OZ and NZ pronunciation, and at times the speculations have been wild. Some have maintained that these accents are caused by climate, by a national nose inflammation as a result of pollen or hay, and even by fear of opening the mouth on account of dust or flies; other accounts look to carelessness, laziness, some kind of gross national inferiority complex, a free-wheeling and adventurous spirit, or an outlaw heritage. Even ill-fitting dentures have been suggested as a likely cause.
+A bit silly but these are actual theories! 🙂
+They go on to say that there are two main theories about the origin of Aussie English:
+1) A mixture of regional accents from Britain and Ireland that kind of ‘melted together’ and became what it is today.
+2) Mainly descended from Cockney English (‘ello guvna!’).
+Now as you probably know (unless you’ve never been to school or grew up under a rock somewhere) Australia was founded as a penal colony for Great Britain. What this basically means is that their jails (gaols) were jam-packed and they needed somewhere to send their criminals, and since North America wasn’t accepting criminals in the late 1700’s they were sent down to Australia.
+It wasn’t considered a holiday destination back in those days! 🙂
+Cockney’s were the lower ‘ratbag’ class of London and the Irish were arrested for pretty much anything – they only had to sneeze near an Englishman and they’d be put on a boat to Australia.
+As a side note if you ever get a chance make sure to check out the Wicklow Historic Gaol in Ireland (an hour or two south of Dublin) and read the curses that the Irish prisoners scratched into the walls of their cells for being sentenced to 8 years in Australia (8 years was a life sentence too because they never made it home). That place should be a pilgrimage spot for every Aussie – it was a pretty emotional experience being there.
+Anyway, I’d like to highlight three really distinct influences on our English: the Cockneys, the Irish and the Australian aborigines. If you were to sit down and take a good, hard look at the vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation of Aussie English then these sources really stand out.
+The Cockneys
+I’m sure that like every language and dialect, Cockney has evolved somewhat over time so you can’t make a really accurate comparison here, but I thought I’d post a sample of the modern day Cockney accent if you haven’t heard it before. This is from one of my favourite films, Lock, Stock And Two Smoking Barrels:
+Here are a few things for you to listen out for in the clip:
+- Like most British English dialects, Cockney is non-rhotic. What this means is that unlike Americans, Canadians and Irish they don’t pronounce the ‘R’ unless there’s a vowel in front of it. E.g. car sounds like kaa. Australian English is a very strong non-rhotic variety like Cockney.
+- Sometimes the letter ‘T’ is replaced by what’s called a glottal stop. This is where air is momentarily stopped causing something like a little speed bump in your speech. E.g. “shor’age (shortage)”, “you go’ i’ all (you got it all)?”. In Aussie English we do occasionally do this but not as much. E.g. “he was hi’in the ball (he was hitting the ball)”. Usually the ‘T’ just sounds like a ‘D’ though. E.g. “shid ‘ouse (shit house)”.
+- In the “shid ‘ouse” example I’ve just given you’ll notice the ‘H’ is silent. Notice how the Cockneys say “‘e’s (he’s)”.
+- The ‘TH’ sound is often replaced by an ‘F’ or ‘V’ in Cockney. E.g. “he’s a fucking feef” (thief), “nuffing (nothing)”. Occasionally (but not as often) you’ll encounter this in Australian English.
+- See how this Barry bloke gets called Bazza? This is what I talked about earlier. We’re renowned for this.
+The Irish
+Because the Irish English dialects (Hiberno-English) are rhotic the influence of the Irish on Australian English isn’t as obvious as the British are, but it’s important to know that in the late 1700’s and early 1800’s most Irish people either only spoke Irish Gaeilge or spoke English as their second language.
+That means that most of the Irish prisoners sent to Australia would have spoken Irish as their first and possibly only language, and thus their children would have been forced to learn a British variety growing up.
+It goes without saying that Gaeilge has influenced the vocabulary of Aussie English along with plenty of place names across Australia being the same as towns and villages back in Ireland. For example, I live in Queensland where we have places like Innisfail, Clontarf, Cloncurry, Enniskillen, and Donnybrook to name a few.
+At the beginning of this post I used the word – tucker. Tucker basically means food in Aussie English but comes from the Irish word tacar. From this we created the word tuckshop (like a school cafeteria).
+Shut ya gob! An Irish word meaning beak (as in the beak of a bird), gob is used here to mean mouth.
+I’ve got the gift of the gab. Gab is another Irish word meaning speech/talk. We say someone has the gift of the gab when they’re talkative, very sociable or a good liar.
+You’ve no doubt heard of blokes and sheilas. Well, sheila is actually a common female name in Ireland (Síle).
+And so on.
+One really important (and not researched enough in my opinion) contribution made by the Irish to Aussie English is the way that Irish culture shaped the way we use our language. The laid back, egalitarian culture where everybody (young, old, wealthy, poor, local or foreign) are all mate (along with our jovial nature). Although the culture has been changing, there’s this general rule that everybody is on par with each other and there’s no respect for snobs. Bloody poms! 🙂
+A theory that I’ve read (and tend to agree with) is that it goes back to the days of the first Irish settlers in Australia battling to survive the harsh conditions of Australia and the English crown. Even today this working class battler status is revered by us as sacred in a way.
+This Barnzy (Jimmy Barnes) song is pretty much the second national anthem of Australia. 🙂
+The Australian aborigines
+Sadly, hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages have been lost over the last two centuries with many more currently endangered but they’ve been a huge influence on the development of Aussie English, and about a third of all place names in Australia are aboriginal names.
+A few examples from the area I live in are Coombabah, Nerang, Tamborine (this is an aboriginal word from the Yugambeh language – not the musical instrument), Worongary, Mudgeeraba, and Canungra. Absolutely everywhere you go in Australia you’ll see place names like this.
+Most of our animal names are aboriginal too:
+Koala, kangaroo, wallaby, kookaburra, barramundi (fish), dingo, and heaps more.
+One really common expression you��ll hear in Queensland is hard yakka. This was actually the word for work by the Jagera people around what’s now Brisbane and we’ve even got a work clothing brand named after it.
+Some aboriginal communities today also speak creoles which are basically hybrid languages where English and a local language have mixed together. They can’t really be understood by English speakers though.
+If you get a chance I recommend you check out the movie Ten Canoes which is scripted entirely in the dialects of the Yolngu people. It’s a beautiful film:
+If like me you’re passionate about language revival and have an interest in Australian aboriginal languages then also consider helping out programs like this one.
+The best variety of English on Earth
+Okay, I’m a bit biased.
+There’s so much about our Aussie English that I’m proud of and I’ve only touched on a few things briefly here. I could write heaps and heaps on this and give bucket loads of expressions as examples but I think this will do.
+As I said earlier, if you want a good little reference for Australian English that isn’t out of date or lame then grab the Lonely Planet phrasebook.
+Hope you enjoyed this post! If you did like it or if you’re a proud Aussie then share it around by clicking the ‘Like’ button here. Cheers! 🙂
+This was written by Donovan Nagel.
+Mother of god that was ridiculous, I mean in a good way. That’s seriously one of the best overviews of the various English dialects I’ve ever seen, props to you for writing that, I’m sure it took you a few days (I hate writing blog posts like that, I much prefer the ones I can knock out in a couple hours and be done with).
+Of course, I think American English is best, but then I am American (and it’s “aluminum”, not “aluminium”, by the way). If you’re British, I will fight you over this, the original name of the element as given to it by its English discoverer was “aluminum”, it was only later change to “aluminium” in the U.K. The Americans kept the original, correct spelling 😛
+I never knew about the 3 primary dialects of Aussie English, that was fascinating, thank you for that. For what it’s worth the last one really does sound British, I would’ve pegged him as a Brit had I not been told beforehand that he was Aussie, the bit about living in Melbourne I would’ve just took to mean that he was a Brit living in Melbourne, not that he was a native Aussie. Fascinating.
+You do really excellent work on here, very good quality content, keep it up and thanks for sharing it.
+Cheers,
+Andrew
+Hey Andrew.
+Thanks very much for the compliment. It's comments like yours that encourage me to keep writing posts like this 🙂 You write some excellent stuff too!
+Funny – I have the 'aluminium' argument with North Americans all the time. haha 😀
+You're welcome, and thank you, too, I appreciate that.
+The "aluminium" thing is just something I like to rag on the Brits about, that and how the American accent is actually the original 'English accent' because they changed theirs up around 100 years ago. It's all in good fun.
+Cheers,
+Andrew
+Don't forget that the British went through the Great Vowel Shift after they colonized the Americas, making our accent closest to the original English accent more than you people, speaking with your bastardized Cockney. <3
+The great vowel shift occurred a few hundred years before that…
+An excellent summation without being overly technical. Well done to you mate. Good to see other Aussies debunking the myth that we all drink Fosters (ugh!) and wrestle crocodiles. Now if only you can answer the question of why American TV and film use so many Americans with awful impersonations of the Aussie accent when there are so many Australians in Hollywood these days…
+@InAmerica: Not sure which Great Vowel Shift you are referring to, but the main one was from Middle English to early Modern English, generally agreed to have occurred 1350-1500. This would put it a little (at best) before colonisation of the Americas.
+Regarding the aluminum/aluminium debate, I was given to understand the -ium suffix was chosen to conform with the other elements discovered at the time (pottasIUM, sodIUM etc) although they are both recognised as equivalent now.
+Hey mate,
+Fellow Aussie here. Have to say that was bloody awesome. Love the rest of the site too. You truly are a linguistic master. Barely anyone I know speaks another language but after doing exchange in Germany I fell in love with learning German. I'm currently learning German in Austria and have a passion to learn some Spanish and just keep going. You're definitely an inspiration!
+Keep it up mate!
+Also I've seen 10 Canoe's too. Watched it in film studies at uni. Great film!
+There’s no argument from this American that Australian English cuts sick. It’s colorful as. Heaps of expressions. There aren’t enough metaphorical roos in our American English language paddock to keep up. Yours goes go off like a frog in a sock with the verbiage.
+In what other language can you throw a sickie?
+I have more vocab to put to use, but alas, I can’t think of any more context.
+Now, where are the Sheilas at?
+Hi Donovan
+Thanks for your wonderful website, currently writing from the city library in Brisbane 🙂
+i’ve read aspects of your discussion on other websites explaining australian english. I have to respond however that your comments are not universal and can possibly mislead the visitor. There are lots and lots of native australians with english as their only language whom do not do many of things you mentioned – eg use the various slang and colloquialisms, shortening words, swear, (bloody is such a horrible word to incorporate into every day speech!) or pronounce written english in some strange appropriation of the original spelling. Whom don’t say ”sat’dee and sun’dee” (saturday and sunday). Who in fact know how to say service station, registration, football, afternoon et cetera 😉
+And no they are not ”haughty taughty melbournians” 🙂 I was about to say that when I read things like you have written I think wow no wonder people overseas consider australians illiterate redneccks. But, on the other hand, you are right and sadly they are often right 🙁
+so I guess my point is entirely irrelevant 🙁
+now, I’ll just go me a snag on the barbie for brekkie and get the missus to …sigh … 🙁
+incidentally I am in my early thirties, I’m not eg pre war era!!!
+I am impressed with your website, you have a lot of insight and resources simply not available elsewhere
+Are you familiar with Fluent Forever by Gabriel Wyner? It’s light years beyond anything I’ve ever seen
+Yeah you think your way of speaking is so much better than everyone elses, yet you totally misuse the word “whom” (“whom do not do many of things you mentioned”; hypercorrection much!).
+All the people who say servo and arvo know how to say service station and afternoon. They just don’t because that’s not how they speak.
+ps Donovan a funny one I heard recently. A french woman whom has lived in Australia for decades always thought men were referring to womens breasts as ‘teats’ which she thought was a sufficiently acceptable and appropriate
+description. It took me to explain that it was actually ‘tits’ , was crude and somewhat offensive depending on the company and what sex one was 😉 and incidentally that HEAPS of men and almost all women would NEVER use that word, along with plenty of other horrible yet commonly acceptable words for male and female anatomy
+It would just be nice if Australians learnt a bit of taste, a bit of refinement, a bit of style instead of living in the lowest common denominator. Language is a fundamental ingredient in this, for better or for worse
+PS a linguistic student once explained to me that she hated the americanised spelling of english until she learnt it was often much closer to the latin. Have not qualified that but, as much as I hate american spelling too I can concede it has some merit. Removing silent letters (colour) et cetera.
+Also to carry on from your comments on convict history of australia informing language.
+Calling everyone ‘mate’ – regardless of ones station or familiarity – could
+be related to the super egalitarian roots of shared convict life. And, yet again, many people will simply NOT use that word!! Ever! and they won’t be stuffy or up tight. They just simply wish to speak proper, innit, and that.
+Back to Collections index
+F: Family Information Files
+These are kept in reserve but can be produced on request.
+Abbott, Abrahams, Achym, Acland, Adams, Addestone, Aggett, Agland, Alford, Algar, Allyn, Andrew, Anning, Anstis, Anthony, Argenton, Arnold, Arscott, Arundell, Ashford, Ashwood, Attlodge, Atwill, Atyett, Austin, Avery, Ayre, Aysh.
+Babbacombe, Babington, Bagbeare, Baggehoale, Bagnell, Bagwell, Bake, Baker, Baller, Balster, Bampfield, Band, Barbor, Barnard, Barnes, Bartelot, Bartlett, Barton, Baskerfield, Bassett, Bastard, Batt, Bawceyn, Bayley, Beaple, Beasley, Beare, Beauchamp, Beaumont, Beavis, Becklake, Bedford, Beed, Belfield, Bellew, Bellman, Benger, Bennet, Benson, Bent, Berry, Berthorn, Bevin, Bewes, Bickford, Bidgood, Biggs, Bingham, Binney, Binnick, Birchinska, Birde, Birdwood, Birkett, Bishop, Bisse, Blackaller, Blackmore, Blagdon, Blake,
+Blanchflower, Blight, Bluett, Blundell, Board, Bodley, Body, Boler, Bolitho, Bompass, Bond, Bone, Bonfill, Bonython, Booth,Bospidnick, Botreaux, Bowcher, Bowdage, Bowden, Bowditch, Bowerman, Boyne,Boyns, Boyse, Bracton, Braddick, Bradford, Bradridge, Bragg, Braose, Braund, Bremridge, Brerewood, Brewer, Brice, Bridgeman, Bridges, Broad,
+Brooking, Brown, Bruford, Brusey, Bruton, Bryant, Buckland,Bucknall, Budgell, Bullen, Buller, Burgoyne,Burnard, Burrington, Burrough, Burton, Bury, Bush, Bussell, Butland, Buttacombe, Butter, Button, Byachk,
+Cadbery, Cade, Calmady, Came, Campion, Cardinham, Carew, Carey, Carkeke, Carnsew, Carpenter, Carslake, Carswell, Cary, Castilion, Cavenett,Cawley,Ceely,Chafe, Challacombe,Champernown, Channon, Chaplin, Chapman, Chappell, Chase, Cheyne, Cheek,Cheeke,Chick,Chilcott,Cholwich, Cholwill, Chope, Chubb, Chudleigh, Churchill, Churchward, Clack, Clapp, Clarke, Clatworthy, Cleveland, Clifford, Coad, Coates, Cock, Cockram, Coean, Coffin, Cole, Coleridge, Coles, Collard, Colley, Collibere, Collins, Colmer, Colshill, Conant, Constantine, Conybear, Cooke, Coplestone, Corbet, Corbyn,
+Cornish, Cory, Cosby, Cosserat, Cossins, Cottell, Cottoly, Courtenay, Cowline, Cowne, Cox, Cranmer, Crapp, Creedy, Cresson, Crewkerne, Crocker, Cromwell, Crossing, Crowe, Cruse, Cruwys, Cudmore, Culme, Cumine, Cundy, Cutcliffe,
+Dabeney, Daley, Damarell/Daumarle, Daniell, Dare, Dark, Dart, Dassell, Daubney, Dauny, Davidson, Davies, Deeble, Deeme, Delbridge, Dene, Denning, Dennis/Denys, Deyman, Dickes, Dicks, Dillington, Dinele, Doble, Doddridge, Dodee, Dodwell, Dolbere, Dommett, Dore, Dottin, Doveton, Dowdney, Downe, Downing, Downman, Dowrysh, Drake, Drew, Drury, Duckett,Duke, Dunsford, Duntze, Dupuis, Durban, Durant, Dyer, Dynham,
+Earl, Easterbrook, Eastley, Eastway, Eccles, Edgecombe, Edwards, Eedes, Elford, Ellacote, Elliott, Elmeston, Endacott, Ennor, Erisey, Erle,Eastmond, Evance, Evans, Eveleigh, Everett, Every, Eyans, Eyre,
+Facey, Farley, Farmer, Farrant, Ferrers, Finney, Fishalde, Fisher, Fitzpaine, Fleming, Fley, Flory, Floyer, Foale, Folleit, Forde, Fortescue, Forward, Foster, Foulkes, Founteyn, Fowke, Fowler, Frank, Franklin, Freher, Freke, Fry, Full, Fulford, Furneaux, Furse,
+Gale, Galsworthy, Gambon, Gandye, Garland, Gatchell, Gates, Gay, Gayer, Gee, Geneste, Gershom, Geyes, Gibbes, Gibbs, Gidley, Gidoin, Giffard, Gilbert, Gill, Gillett, Glanville, Glubb, Goard, Godfrey, Goff, Gobbie/Goldsmith, Goldsworthy, Good, Goodson, Gore, Gosse, Gostwick, Gould, Graddon, Gregg, Grieg, Grifhth, Graneer, Granville, Grenvill,
+Gregiory, Guard, Gueritz, Gundy, Guppy, Guy,
+Halkwell, Hakewill, Hale, Hall, Hallett, Halse, Ham, Hamblly, Hamling, Hamlyn, Hanbury, Hancock, Hannicik, Hardy, Harrington, Harris, Hartnoll, Harvey, Harvie, Harward, Hassard, Hatherley, Hawker, Hawkins, Haydon, Hayet, Hayne, Hayman, Head, Heal, Hearding, Heath, Herden, Hele, Helyers, Herrick, Herring, Hewes, Hext, Heydon, Heywood, Hicks, Hieron, Higgens, Higman, Hill, Hingston, Hobbs, Hoblyn, Hockyn, Hodge, Holdsworth, Hole, Holland, Holman, Hone, Honeychurch, Hooke,Hooper, Hopkins, Hoppin, Hopping, Hore, Horsey, Horsham, Horton, Horwood, Hothersall, Houlditch, How, Huddey, Huish, Hull, Hulme, Humphry, Hungerford, Hunsdon, Hunt, Hurst, Hussey, Hutchinson, Hutton, Hyde.
+I'ans, Ilbert, Impey, Incledon, Isaack, Iviel,
+Jackson, Jago, Jenkin, Jewell, Joce, Johnson, Jolliffe, Jones, Jonson, Jordaine, Jordan, Joyce,
+Karrslake, Keate, Kekewich, Kelly, Kemp, Kemys, Kendall, Kenneway, Kennicott, Kestell, Kine, Kingdon, Kingsley, Kirkham, Kitson, Kittle, Knight, Knill, Knott, Kymer.
+Lamacraft, Lamplugh, Lamport, Lamshed, Lane, Lang, Langdon, Langton, Lant, Larder, Lavington, Lawrence, Leach, Lean, Lechland, Lee, Leeson, Leighton, Lerchedekne, Lethbridge,
+Levermore, Levers, Le Vieux, Lewis, Ley, Liddon, Lisle, Lissant, Littleton, Lone, Loosemore, Lord, Lott, Louis, Loveridge, Loveys, Loviband, Lowde, Lowman, Lugg, Luttrell, Luxmore, Luxton, Lyde, Lydston, Lyllinge
+Mabin, Macye, Maddocks, Malet, Mallock, Manfield, Manley, Mann, Manning, Mannineton, Manwaring, March, Marder, Markell, Marker, Marlar, Marldan, Marshall, Martyn, Marwood, Mathew, Mauditt, Maunder, Maxwell, May, Mayell, Mayne, Meardon, Medford, Melhuish, Mercer, Merdon, Merrivale, Midwinter, Mill, Mills, Milton, Minard, Miners, Mitchell, Moe'les, Molineaux, Moncke, Montacute, Montague, Montveron, Moore, Mores, Morgan, Morice, Morley, Morrison, Morshead, Mortimer, Mountstephen, Moxham, Moyle, Moysey, Mules, Munday, Murch, Murray, Musgrave, Mynard, Myners.
+Newall, Newberry, Newcombe, Newldmen, Newman, Newte, Newton, Niblock, Nicholls, Nicks, Nicoll, Northcote, Norton, Nossiter, Notley, Nunkyn, Nutcombe.
+Oats, Ody, Oke, Oliver, Oliver, Opie, Orchard, Ormerod, Osborne, Owen, Oxenbeare.
+Paddon, Pady, Pafford, Page, Paige, Palfrey, Palmer, Parker, Parminter, Parr, Parson, Passavant, Paulet, Payne, Paynter, Pearce, Peard, Pearse, Pearson, Pedler, Penwarne, Pepperell, Peppin, Pepys, Periham, Perin, Perry, Peter, Pett, Philips, Pickard, Pierce, Pine, Pinney, Pipard, Pitts, Plimpton, Plomer, Pole,Polgreen, Pollard, Pomeroy,/Pomeray,
+Pope, Popham, Potbury, Porter, Portman, Powell, Poynz, Praed, Pratt, Prideaux, Prince, Prine, Proby, Prouse, Prowse, Pryor, Pulline, Pulman, Putt, Pym, Pyne.
+Quicke, Quiller.
+Rabgent, Rackly, Raddon, Radford, Radmore, Raily, Raleigh, Randolf, Rashleigh, Ratcliffe, Rattenbury, Rawle, Raymond, Reed, Rendell, Repington, Reynall, Reynolds, Rhodes, Rice, Rich, Richards, Rigsby, Robessart, Robins, Robinson, Roberts, Rodd, Rogers, Rolestone, Rolle, Rombelow, Roope, Rose, Roseveare, Rosewell, Rosekilly, Roskrvee, Rowe,
+Rowley, Rowse, Rushout, Russell, Rushton,
+Saffin, Sainthill, Salisbury, Salter, Saltern, Salway, Sampson, Sanders, Sandford, Sara, Saunders, Savery, Scawen/Scowen, Sclater, Scobell, Searle, Seller, Selly, Sesse, Seward, Sewell, Shapleigh, Shapley, Shapter, Shebbear, Sheere, Shepherd, Sheppard, Sherman, Short,
+Shortridge, Shower, Shute, Sidenham, Skelton, Skinner, Skorche, Skowne, Skutt, Slade, Sleeman, Smith, Snell, Snook, Soligny, Somastep, Sommers, Soper, Sourton, Southcombe, Southhay, Southcott, Southwood, Sparke, Speke, Spence, Spencer, Spicer, Spiller, Spooner, Sprey/Spry, Spurway, Stacey, Stafford, Starr, St.Aubyne, Steed, Steer, Stephens, Stocke,
+Stocker, Stokes, Stone, Stonor, Stourton, Strachleigh, Street, Strode, Strong, Strowbridge, Stucley/Stuckey, Studdy,
+Sutcliffe, Swain, Sweet, Sweetland, Swete, Sydenham, Symes, Symonds, Syndercombe,
+Talbot, Tamlin, Tank, Tanner, Tapley, Taprell, Taylor, Teape, Tegin/Tigon, Templer, Terry, Thomas, Thompson, Thomson, Thorne, Thorvaldr, Tickell, Tincombe, Tom, Tompkins, Tomson, Tonkyn, Toop, Toulmin, Towgood, Townsend, Tozer, Tracy, Traies, Travers, Trelawney, Treleat, Tremlett, Trenowth, Trethewey, Trevelian, Trevena, Treverbyn, Trevethan, Trewinnard, Trigian, Tripe, Trosse, Trowbridge, Tudbold, Tucker, Tuckfield, Tudway, Tully, Turberville, Turling, Turner, Tygon, Tyldesley, Tytherleigh.
+Upcott, Upham.
+Valletory, Vansittart, Vashment, Vaughan, Vavasor, Veale, Venn, Venner, Vennings, Veriad, Vicary, Vigures, Vilvayne, Vinnicombe, Vye.
+Wade, Wadland, Wainwright, Wakeman, Waldron, Walker, Walland, Walrond, Walter, Walton, Ward, Ware, Warmington, Warren, Weare, Webb, Webber, Weeks, Welman, Welsh, Westcote, Westlake, Westofer, Weston, Whetcombe, Whetham, Whicker, White, Whiteway, Wichalse, Wilcock(s), Wilde, Wilkin(s), Willeit, Williams, Willington, Willoughby, Wills, Wilson, Wimble, Wise, Wolcote, Wood, Woods, Wolicombe, Woosley, Worth, Wreyford, Wright, Wyatt, Wyndham.
+Yard, Yeo, Yonge, Yule.
+Zeigel.
+Back to Collections index
+Listings © Devon County Council - reproduced subject to its copyright permission guidelines.
+Data size：2761.2761 MB
+Download：9032 download
+lena pual
+- support：Android/IOS
+- Classification：mobile game
+- Data size：2761.2761 MB
+- Version：8435.8435.8435
+- Score：8799
+- Developer：fuck chubby
+- Downloads：2107
+- release：2021-11-27 17:12:08
+Free Download
+#lena pual screenshot
+lena pual:Mueller renews his contract until 2023? Bayern and Mueller reach contract extension
+Although Mordred roughly guessed it, he still didn't point out that if Ozil told him, he wouldn't mind making suggestions for him. Chris, you pay me back! I still want to sleep a little longer!!" They can't wait for Chris's image to be as bad as possible, and Chris doesn't care about these people.,fuck chubby,But what else can he say? If you are lazy, someone will hang a carrot on his face. Then the uncle smiled heartily and patted Mordred on the back, "This is the Merris I know." young milf,This ball is impeccable in terms of shocking momentum and perception. That is hard work , not giving up even at the last minute , absolute desire for victory.,hd brazzer So when the fans really said weakly: "The Chinese team really may not be able to beat the Japanese team." , they are almost being sprayed into a sieve.
+lena pual The day before the final , Mourinho announced the big list. sex.vodes It's just that their lineup is too fragile, and they are afraid that they can't hold it when they are close to Atletico Madrid. The lineman on the sidelines has a tough heart, so why not the referee on the court.,Since his father left, he has never had any good feelings about alcohol. He drinks two sips when he is most happy. He has no position to stop his teammates, but he doesn't want his lover to indulge in alcohol.,And Chris couldn't forget the other party's hair soaked and his expression twisted in pain , he stretched out his hand to embrace Mordred. mia kalifa,hhh Princess Merris.
+fuck chubby Chris: "Is there a third option?",...",lena pualKaka passed the ball to Mordred, who had been waving his hand, and he hesitated for a second.,hb xxx com The author has something to say:.,www hard sex But the game is after all a game , the Spaniard sent his most confident lineup.,pornovedeo There was a problem with the midfield connection and the frontcourt, but the team's tacit understanding of this lineup was extraordinary, and it was just a mess in the face of Mordred.There will also be more fans, just like Mordred's last life, regardless of whether two-thirds of the fans at home and away are their own, it is conceivable how much pressure it puts on opponents.For this reason, the people of his motherland have also coined a very pun-meaningful word-the beauty in the midst of the problem.,real doll They explained here that the situation in the field started a rallying war.
+On the second day of the game , Mordred stepped onto the blue moon turf with the team. The side of the away stand facing the side was pure white mixed with a touch of red . Although not much, it appeared so obvious on the snow-white stand. A beautiful fried meatball passed Mordred, the action was clean and neat, even with a bit of Mordred's style of play, there was a light sigh in the wind, so light that Mordred suspected that it was an illusion there. .,madisin ivy Sun Xiang walked down with them, bowed his head and couldn't tell whether he was happy or unhappy. The wind blows on people and feels a little bit cold, but the players on the court have done a good job of warming up. This environmental change has a slight impact on them.The author has something to say: Mourinho, who heard the whole process, just scanned the crowd, and then read out the big list for the day after tomorrow against Malaga, Mordred was impressively on the list.,mummy porn Once the Champions League loses, his position will be unstable. Real Madrid fans look forward to the tenth Champions League for too long. But after scoring two goals in the second half and tying the score directly, they found something wrong.Cassie was not misled, leaped high and held the football, kicked the ball, "Run!!!",lovely porn The fans in the audience waved the flags in their hands like crazy, their faces were full of tears.
+buzzers xxx Mordred has fully understood these days, the whole national team is filled with a sense of impetuosity, as if there is a beast urging them behind them, once it falls, the beast will bite. This fierce competition is no longer a competition between two teams, it is like a confrontation between two ages.,After introducing himself, Mordred became strangely acquainted with these brawny men. Mordred thought of what Mr. Madman said to him at the time. As a midfielder, what he did was to score goals, but passing is also part of football! There is no one to deliver shells, so where does the shot come from? When they arrive at Real Madrid, the turbulent fans will almost occupy half of the Bernabeu, which is also mixed with many reporters.,madonna nude"Of course the husband didn't say anything, but just encouraged me. Is your husband a scourge?" Mordred really wants to know, after all, the husband is very good to him, and there is no harm if there is no comparison! redtubed I have to say that this young Greek guy is really handsome, but his words are a little greasy.. aloahatube But Mordred, who was suddenly attacked, relaxed his tight body and asked softly, "What's wrong?""Be careful, the football circle is not comparable to the model circle, let alone the art circle. Don't let others find out, and don't happen again. The good luck of a person's life is limited.",hyperdreams Had it not been for the fact that he almost laughed when he was speaking, Mordred would really believe that he was trying to get out of the siege by himself.
+hb xxx com "I can't say that all, the newcomers Mordred and Modric performed well in this game." The commentator analyzed the situation from an objective perspective. Now the situation on the court is too boring. They can only analyze how the next game will. Suddenly people point to understand , still a little embarrassed.,Even all of Chris's offensive methods are blocked, and there is little hope of passing. Three of the four balls are directly related to him, and even the most picky Real Madrid fans can't say that Chris is not good in this game. Mordred opened Twitter , opened the Portuguese national team that he had been following , and found that they really went to celebrate. Sara was startled by Mordred's angry words, and sat there for a while not knowing what to say.,porn gf bf Mordred refused . The last time he drank, he cleaned the house up and down , and he hadn't forgotten that he was so tired and sore. After everyone went out from the player channel and stepped onto the green field, their expectant eyes and excited faces made the already tense expression of the Chinese team even more tense.18 nude sex pornsearch Chapter 129 : The Horn of the Counterattack in the Second Half,porn clips Mordred's tears came down in an instant. This kind of inclusive care is not as good as being reprimanded, at least that way, he feels a little better.
+yespornpls The smile on his face was comparable to that of Little Sun. Mourinho couldn't help but roll his eyes, but he didn't intend to answer. If the opponent guessed his formation, it would not be worth the loss. That game was about the championship. .Whoops, I'm fucking who pinched my fart? My arm! Stop tugging, it's a human arm, not a chicken thigh! Don't touch my waist! I have itchy flesh. Standing next to them, Messi and Guardiola, who looked like transparent people, watched them sing and make a peace with their hands in their pockets. As the losers of this game, they did not want to be remembered by others, and then criticized by the newspaper. .,Even if Mourinho is so strong this season, it is hard to be beaten by Barcelona.Captain Casey sat in a chair, and the team doctor gave him a rough emergency treatment on his wrist. Originally, the team doctor wanted him to go to the hospital for a good examination, but he couldn't rest assured, he wanted to watch the game more.,?" However, this incident did not bring a barrier to their relationship. Usually, they should talk about it and laugh, and Mordred is still the image of the team favorite. Atletico Madrid is like competing with Real Madrid . Real Madrid just came here with a big four . They won five consecutive victories in the European Super Cup . These five consecutive victories are 3:0 each time . "I thought you weren't going to tell the truth, don't squeeze, sit in front of me and I want to tell you something." The madman has never been able to deal with this hospitable kid.,fsiblog.xom Just when neither of them knew what to say, Chris walked over, wiping his hands. Gu Ji is still at night, Mordred suppressed his arrogant smile.,This is their future star. The Singapore team had better pray that Mordred would be okay, otherwise they would take off which leg to kick him. Fuck! They have no ability to get them all out of the court!. ",hogtiedThere video v The impassioned commentary from the beginning turned into a tense analysis of frowning now. He had already done a good job after the ball was thrown by Weidenfeller and counterattacked with a big foot. Even Mordred did not ask his teammates to help, but let them return to the midfield to defend.. Mordred after a period of adjustment , has long lost the last game back in the hearts, not revealed on the surface. After receiving the football, Kaka didn't choose to run immediately, and came to a show operation. "Woohoo!" Let go of me! Pepe felt awkward when he was stuck on her body, and all the anger that had just risen was extinguished.,org. Even if it is objective, the mind is biased and remains unchanged forever.The author has something to say:,bangbros ads Mordred poked Chris' abdominal muscles, "Now the whole world thinks that we are at a rift. When we announce our relationship, will they be so scared that their jaws will fall to the ground." fuck chubby
+xnxx cv "Good captain." Mordred made a weird military salute to Li Weifeng, an angry Li Weifeng wanted to beat him. Mordred was holding the dog when he went home, and he didn't even have the thought of cooking. What Chris suddenly said was comparable to a nuclear bomb, turning the only thing left in his mind into a paste. But Mordred didn't dare not answer Anthony, the mosquitoes couldn't hear the small voice. Mordred was originally lacking in interest, and now he doesn't ask Chris like this.. 12 Yue 17 numbers away against Atletico Madrid. The people of the two teams who love each other can't stand it anymore, and they take the initiative to pick things up..,sex of usa The first 58 Cap Gas puffer [the VIP] Closer to home, the post said that when Mordred fully grows up, he will become a legend in the football world. All Real Madrid and Chinese fans are waiting for this legend to appear.The first thing is to open Twitter and advertise it., Melinger stood up and applauded for Mordred's desperate push to create opportunities on the court. Mordred also had to sigh at this time that Chris was attentive, and he truly deserves to be his lover. ts vanity. lena pual Lin Yue said that he would definitely not give up, otherwise she would not relent in putting her child as far away as Spain.
+neighbor sex Although he is still a bystander, his mood is completely different. "Athletic Bibalo obviously has no face to celebrate, because this goal was not scored at all. Look at their embarrassed expressions, it's like an outsider.",The first thing he liked on Twitter turned out to be his and Chris wedding fan art! He is the bride! Then there is a fan photo of him and Pepe sitting drinking together, and the pink background painted with love is so spicy! Chris, who was next to him, glanced at him lightly, "Since you have promised the captain's hat trick, don't let him down." Messi made a decisive shot, and Cassie, who had been paying attention to football, saved again. Messi's ball did not give him a chance to hold it. Mordred still has a hand in motivating people. Royce quickly returned to his usual appearance and reached out to Mordred , "You are also very strong , not only strong—" Royce pointed to The chest position said to him: "The heart is also very strong.",buzzers xxx "Then do you feel pain when you wake up?" Director of countless football team was carrying the blame directly booked 1 Yue 7 ticket number, ready to take a look at who 'soldier of the shadows' Chinese-American!Mordred never expected the Spanish media to stare at him. It was entirely a matter of principle of the literati. Seeing the appearance of the two people, Cassie was also a little unbearable, turned his head and prepared to solve the two people. No. 9 's defects have been reduced a lot in training, but his weak dribbling is almost fatal in the face of Barcelona.,hb xxx com Mordred looked at the other party's unbridled celebration at home , and wondered in his heart that he basically ate and lived with Chris , and even Chris drove him to and from the club every day.
+mia khalif He looked at Mordred running on the field, and he really wanted to kick the water cup at his feet. Mordred discarded all feelings and said to him from the most objective position: "Let’s discuss it with Caroline. If she insists on letting you decide which one is up and down between her and Real Madrid, then you have nothing else. select.",Atletico Madrid has already discussed it, but the most skilled free throw on the 9th . "Don't doubt, they would think so, especially the relationship between coaches and players." Chris thought he didn't particularly understand this aspect and gave him a special science. I really feel sorry for your support. Even when he dribbled the ball, no one defended him, which is a perfect single shot.,sexy maria Then he was so confused that he said that when a good speed player gets older, his speed will slow down? Everyone jumped up, hoping to top the ball. The perfect arc drawn by the ball did not give them any chance.It was a stunned dog to Mordred, like a frightened rabbit jumped back a step , then raised his hands to show that he hadn't touched him.,Mordred's humiliation and humiliation didn't look like the same person just now, with a faint smile on his mouth, but he didn't say a word. With this weird own goal, not only the Real Madrid players were stunned, but even the Grafi players stared at the football in the net sluggishly. But Mendes hasn't said his intention yet, and he is not easy to refuse. gay sex gay Weidenfeller fell to the ground and smashed to the ground fiercely, then stood up suddenly and stared at Mordred, but he didn't do anything else. hd brazzer
+cute orgasm The dull atmosphere just now disappeared instantly, "That's for sure, it's too late today, let's rest early." As powerful as Messi, he still can't control his mouth, and often causes physical problems. As rigorous as Chris, he is unruly and childish in nature.,The sky slowly darkened, and the birthday star, who had been busy for a day, almost didn't recognize his home as soon as he stepped into the house. The original cozy little home became a luxurious banquet hall. Chris did not bring Mordred into the house, but started to talk about interesting things about this place with him. Except for one person, just when Merris was bored, a black guy came to him with his jersey. This was the opposite center. This made the Mallorca player dumbfounded, this kid is not as arrogant as he imagined.,lirerotica But Mordred couldn't show the slightest pain, otherwise he wasn't sure what choice Camacho would make. When I was taken home by the car, the sky was already dark.Especially after Mordred came on the court to make up for Real Madrid's shortcomings, they let their waves go even more.,sexfactor Only those big, innocent eyes responded, Mordred slapped his forehead.lena p. He put Mordred on the court, even if this victory is not so important, just to hone him. "You mean you suspect that Real Madrid can't win the promotion class like Sporting Gijon?" Mourinho's tone was sharp, even more severe than the questioning just now. He was afraid that Anthony had already guessed the technique he wanted to use, and suddenly a sideline turned to the left foot, which the left back was better at, and as expected, the left back chose the right.
+Daniel Worth wrote:
+1. I've made a tarp that goes over the hammock. These systems are documented extensively on
+Found that through "the ultimate hang", also answered most of my own questions...
+2. No gathered end hammocks don't use spreaders. It's what makes them so simple and cheap.
+And safe and comfortable... etc.
+3. While one commercial manufacturer makes a double hammock, ENO(Eagle Nest Outfitters) I've heard that it isn't very comfortable to sleep in a hammock with two people. So, I would say they are so cheap and take up so little room you'd use two hammocks for two people.
+I can make a standard backpacking hammock in about two hours including the time to sew the seams. For backpacking making the quilts and the tarp are much more difficult and time consuming.
+I could only find a net hammock (double size) in stores to try. The single has spreaders that are built in (not removable) so I didn't get that.
+I was impressed with the comfort right away. I have found an even quicker method of making a gathered end hammock and will try that too (I have the eyes in wall already anyway).
+My impressions of the net hammock so far:
+- no problems with the net or knots feeling uncomfortable at all.
+- the net allows the bottom of a sleeping bag to puff through the holes in the net and so is probably warmer than a sheet hammock without an "under quilt".
+- The net does, however, catch buttons the worse problem being those that hold back pockets closed on my work pants
+- The net can change shape... get longer/narrower or wider/shorter, this makes it hard to set up a sleeping bag on it. I think a sheet style would not have this problem. This has also made it difficult to try out using it double. It means pulling/pushing it into shape after getting in.
+- The net style also seems to have less weight capacity than most of the sheet style ones. (part of the reason I got a double though I am only 180lb) This is another reason I have not tried using this double with my wife who is lighter than I by quite a lot.
+As we go camping by boat, I am looking at ways to decrease what I put in there. I am also looking at options for when we buy our little piece of property down the road.
+My 8 year old feels he would like to replace his bed with a hammock in his room. So he has also been favorably impressed. Hammocks may replace the need for a loft in a smaller cabin. I am not, however, thinking my wife would agree to two hammocks instead of one. She likes to be close more on this as we try it out.
+None of what I have tried can in any way be considered "organic". Organic would in all cases weigh more I think. Almost all of the innovation in this area has been towards making things lighter, not organic. However, for use where weight doesn't matter like the project, it should be no problem to make either a net or sheet style hammock organic. However, it will be the net style you may find ready made. The thing to remember is that, at least at this time of year, there will need to be some kind of under insulation as most people who bring sleeping bags will get a cold butt otherwise. (even in a relatively warm basement 16C or so, it is my bottom that gets cold first)
+After I have a sheet style hung, I will report on the differences I have found.
+The other style worth mentioning is the Navy Hammock. These are made of heavy cotton (which could be organic) and are gathered "like" in style (no spreaders) though some of the users seem to have tried various amounts of spreader (usually not enough to pull the end tight, but enough to relieve a bit of shoulder pinch that comes from using them "on axis" instead of angled)
+I should also point out that the hammock in todays world has mostly been driven by the back packers and many of the innovations seem to have been made by the people who use them. These are simple beds and because there are not many people who use them there is lots of room for experimenting. I am beginning to think this is one of the better, but much over looked sleep systems/beds around.
+See my project at
+1
+My son was very excited about sleeping in a hammock. As I wrote before we got a net style and found some short comings. So I found a DIY gathered end hammock on the net using a tablecloth
+This is all part of our fact finding while we get set to buy our own land. I expect our first house will be very small... All 4 of us will be within a 100sqft area I think. So this is one way to make a lot of that area.
+(hmm, having trouble uploading pictures so I'll post this first and edit photos as I can ... gave up just get server error, uploaded to my site and linked.)
+1
+Len Ovens wrote:A bit more on Hammocks:
+After the first night I made some changes
+The first consideration is keeping ones bottom warm. The inside of a house is not real cold, but we do keep it cool enough to feel the chill on the bottom side without some insulation. So the first night I just put a quilt on top of the hammock but under my son and his blanket over top. This worked well for warmth, but... The bottom quilt tended to get over the sides pulling them closer together and made it hard for Tim to get back in after getting up in the night. In fact it effectively narrowed the hammock to the point where he fell out after getting back in. (glad there was foam under) So I pulled in out and laid it upside down on the floor and added a blanket.
+It would have been much easier to do this before gathering the ends
+Tim is now able to reenter the hammock properly. He still finds it warm enough, though the blanket sags a lot. The space could be filled with extra wool fluff and stitch lines or some other quilting technique could be used to hold it closer. This is very different than the hiking variant. The night time temperature is relatively constant so being able to change the under quilt or detach it is not needed. Also it doesn't need to be packed up, so the under blanket does not have to be ultra light. For a bed replacement, there is no reason a hammock can not be made of organic materials. There is no reason it can not be more comfortable than most other solutions while taking much less space as well as enabling that space to be used for more than just bed storage. So far I am very pleased with the hammock's performance. I will be sleeping in the net version when my wife works through the night and when I can will try out a double size with my wife to see what fun we can have. For those who have brushed it off as not what they want.... these are very cheap to try. You can buy a ready made hammock from Walmart on line for $30 to $40. The eye bolts were $3 each (need two) add some rope and for less than $50 away you go. Use the bedding you already have. (add in the tiny bit of putty to fill the hole when you move out)
+2
+Article on green-ness of organic foam.
+It leaves me thinking the only truly organic solutions come from organic material grown on ones own land and processed there too. This article does not paint the whole industry black BTW, but rather shows the reality of the needs of the process of making it. It also shows where gains are being made. It is a few years old and things may be better now.... but it appears no one has really looked into how far things have gone since then.
+All of this would apply to hammocks too of course. However there are a lot fewer materials involved and organic cotton has been improving for a longer time. There are fibers that can be grown/woven locally and could be woven into a sheet, or skins could be used. So how organic is organic? What chemicals are allowed in cleaning the organic starting point? Does it have to be transported by canoe and horse back from it's manufacture site? (ok Len is getting silly now, best to stop)
+2
+Here is a really cool video (in French) that shows the steps to make a wool mattress.
+There is also a really good article at RootSimple on making your own wool mattress.
+And here is another link in French that has good pictures of the process.
+I found one company in Quebec that makes them: Here is the link [in French].
+Jocelyn Campbell wrote:Len, the hammock links are awesome resources for a variety of places we've talked about placing hammocks - perhaps even the shelves in the auditorium.
+More on hammocks. With regard to using hammocks to accommodate guests (workshop attendees for example), I would suggest a straight gathered end hammock given to someone with even a relatively warm sleeping bag might be a fail. My son is sleeping on a hammock with a very thin "under quilt" but is warm. (I have confirmed this is so by using it for naps). On the other hand I tried to sleep on a bare hammock last night with the warmest sleeping bag in the house. Air temperature 16C or so. My feeling: Top toasty, Bottom chilled.
+People coming to workshops will not be experienced "hangers" all the time. I would think it would be important that their stay will be enjoyable and therefore their first hammock experience, should they be used for extra bedding, needs to be a good one. I do not know how important the "organicness" of these will be either. Parachute fabric hammocks may be the cheapest thing going as well as the smallest storage required. heavy organic cotton is probably the first choice for organic. Net will work, but takes someone who wants to make it work.... I can make myself sleep comfortable in net, but it is harder than with a sheet style. In all cases though, I would suggest some sort of attached underquilt or blanket. In the Parachute case any old used sleeping bag could be held on with bungees maybe? For organic options, sewing a wool blanket on the bottom side would work (even felt).
+The world of hangers right now is the low weight hiker. All of the hammock development so far has been in this area. One doesn't have to look far for lots of innovations. However, the advances made in that area don't map straight over into the permanently installed (or temporary) indoor hammock. The outdoor hiking setup could be used inside there is no doubt, but, I do not know what the longevity is, what the cleaning is like, etc. Just like any "sleeping system" (AKA bed) there is the bed proper and the bed clothes. Low weight hikers do not use anything between them and the hammock. This is ok for personal gear.... maybe not for community use. Maybe not for night after night, but that is ok as stationary use allows for more weight in the rig. Using normal sheets will probably not work. Anything tucked over the edge could/will cause problems. A guest who brings their own sleeping bag would be fine... maybe a light sleeping bag liner would work well too.
+I don't have that many times I can try things out (on me, I will keep trying new things with the boys too), but sometimes my wife works nights.... The experiment continues. I will be trying things to see what works best for indoor hanging.
+I want to make something like this::Hammocks are COLD on your back. That is what makes them awesome in the jungle, but really limits them in the cold unless you insulate.
+Ya, what surprised me was the difference under insulation makes. My son's setup has a very thin blanket sewn on the bottom and yet is warm as can be, but when I try to use a warmer sleeping bag with the insulation between me and the hammock (no under blanket), I am cold.
+I want to make something like this:
+I know of people who really like the bridge style hammock, I don't know how much my back would like assuming a banana shape though. Laying angled on a gathered end hammock allows for a flat or straight surface from head to foot. That one is pretty pricey too as the parachute style are less than $30 on the Walmart site.... and I expect that even organic cotton of that size would not be much more. (my home made one was less than $20 Canadian) The navy hammock was similar to that without the end poles. But inserting a pole notched at the ends would work on that. Here is some instructions for making the end "clews" and the pattern for the navy style hammock:
+Navy Hammock
+It might be a good starting point for your own project. The navy hammock has a good reputation amongst it's users with some people taking them home after finishing service for their everyday sleep..
+That was what I was thinking. From the above link it seems that for something with grommets that bear weight, number 4 (24ounce) canvas is needed. I think the lighter number 12 canvas may work well for a gathered end hammock. My table cloth example seems thinner than that even, but has some polyester in it I think. I will have to find out what is available locally (denim maybe?) The under quilt could be filled with anything from dry leaves or dryer lint to wool or down... just having an enclosed airspace seems to do a lot.
+For bed clothes, I am thinking to make a light weight flannel sleeping bag. These can be bought, but for hammock use, I think the underside of it needs to be longer than a sleeping bag as it's purpose is to keep the hammock clean (or the sleeper clean... take your pick). I noticed that my head sticks out of a normal sized sleeping bag.
+2
+1
+So what are the procurement details(good company to deal with, etc.)?
+Did you purchase the hulls and a kit from them or find another supplier?
+Farming Stuff: SlowDown Farm | Random Stuff I do/like: 2matoes
+1
+The shopping cart on the site is simple (read not very much design/function) so it didn't have a place for shipping address different from the billing address. After paying for the order, I emailed the site owner to note the shipping address. The reply was prompt, professional, courteous and everything was shipped promptly and to the address I requested. So excellent customer service.
+Or just in the case of the lab say i raised sheep and made wool mattresses?
+Go see my Youtube Channel!
+Papa always says, "Don't go away angry... just go away."
+I generally ignore the government, they generally ignore me. (I ain't that important)
+Walk lightly, our presence is known both by what we leave behind us and by that which we do not leave.
+Matthew Beckman wrote:Tony and Emily,
+How does the hull bed feel? Kat and I are thinking of switching over to one. We saw this a month or so ago and almost bought one. We would like to hear your guys thoughts.
+matt and kat
+Hi Matt! We do really like the mattress. It is a bit firmer than some mattresses we've used, but we both like that. There is an option to put a "topper" on top of the weaved portion of the mattress, so that might make it feel more like a futon. We have decided to use the topper on another section of the bench, and have liked the feel of the ridges. I find it to be extremely comfortable, but if either of you like softer more than hard, this might not be the best option. I also think there must be ways to reduce the cost of materials by sourcing other organic cotton "socks" but I haven't researched that yet. Hope that helps!.
+1
+Jocelyn Campbell wrote.
+I think I posted about these guys on another thread? I'll post again here(: 100% Chemical free & organic mattresses.
+1
+If anyone wants to get wool from the lady near Dillon, there is a woolen mill near Hall (between Drummond and Phillipsburg) that can do the cleaning and carding.
+3
+It was very comfortable and worked great for about 2 years. Near the end of that time I started to wake up with difficulty breathing, as if my airways were partially closed. It took me a while to realize that the buckwheat hulls were partially being ground down into a very fine dust that was coming out of the mattress when I moved around at night. My breathing issues started getting bad at night, and even adding a dust/allergen cover only partially helped reduce the issue. I loved that mattress but it had to go. I have since found on two occasions that I am significantly allergic to buckwheat flour since this episode. Before making this mattress I had no issues with buckwheat pancakes.
+I think that buckwheat hull pillows will likely not be an issue, but your body will likely grind down hulls in a mattress application. In my opinion, buckwheat hulls aren't cheap enough or readily available enough just to replace them every two years.
+5
+HOW TO MAKE A CORN SHUCK MATTRESS
+Tools and Materials
+Corn shucks
+Smooth, heavy cloth (ticking)
+Strong needles
+Waxed cord
+Oil felt or double-thickness ticking cut in a round shape, for tufts
+Hand paddle with small nails
+Scissors
+The first step is to dip the corn shucks in boiling water and, while they are still moist, shred them into small strips with a hand paddle that has small nails in it.
+The tough top part of the shuck is then cut off with scissors. When dry, the shredded corn shucks are ready for use. It takes twelve feed sacks full of tightly packed corn shucks for a double bed mattress.
+Cut six pieces of ticking (cloth) as follows:
+1) two pieces the size of the bed, to make the top and bottom of the mattress. Round the corners of the top and bottom pieces. (I draw around the edge of a plate then cut out)
+2) two pieces 6 inches wide and the length of the bed for the mattress sides.
+3) two pieces 6 inches wide and 2 inches longer than the width of the bed, for the ends of the mattress.
+With right sides together, sew the mattress ends and sides together, using a ½ inch seam. Centering the mattress ends on the short sides of the bottom mattress piece, right sides together, sew the mattress bottom to the sides and ends. Right sides together sew one long side of the mattress top to the other side of the ends and sides. You should now have an open box shape with rounded corners. Turn the box shape right side out.
+To keep the mattress from being lumpy, pack the corn shucks into the cloth cover in even 1 inch layers. After each layer, pull the loose top piece over the corn shucks and beat the mattress gently to distribute the corn shucks evenly. Then pull the loose piece back and continue filling the mattress. When the mattress is filled, sew the loose piece in place. If there are still high and low spots in the mattress, beat it gently again: hitting the high spots to drive the filler into the low spots. Only a few strokes should be needed.
+Making a Rolled Edge
+A rolled edge will help keep the corn shucks in place and help the mattress hold its shape. With chalk mark a line 2 1/4 in from the edge seam all around the mattress top. Mark another line ½ inch from the edge seam all around the side and ends. Sew the two lines together through the mattress with stitches about ½ inch apart, working enough corn shucks into the roll with each stitch to make the roll firm. Fill the roll evenly. In rounding the corners, make the stitches closer and take shorter stitches on top of the roll than on the bottom. Turn the mattress over and make a rolled edge on the other side.
+Tufting Mattress
+Making tufts on the mattress will help hold the corn shucks in place. Mark a grid of alternating odd and even rows across your mattress. At the marked places, use a strong needle and waxed cord to sew an x through the middle of the round pieces of oil felt or doubled ticking through the mattress for simple tufts that will help hold the filling in place.
+I have heard of people using the same procedure for making mattresses of straw or feathers or cotton. But I have only used corn shucks, so, I don’t know how well other fillers work.
+With an eye toward a glamping experience, AND husp ideals, Paul and I keep looking.
+Ran across this today:.
+These are touted as the only natural, organic, memory foam mattress. Starting at *only* $1,275.00! Uff.
+1
+As for mattresses and pillows could peppermint oil be the solution? Perhaps when de-knotting and refilling some of the hulls could be infused with peppermint oil to repel mice. I only have anecdotal evidence, but I know from using peppermint oil in a previous home that three applications about a month apart resulted in zero mice in that location for about a year, then another application was required. Some humans have difficulty with strong smells, though. Since mice have much stronger noses than us, perhaps even after we can't smell it anymore, they still would.
+I spent many many years looking for the perfect mattress and had a lot of back problems and sleep problems with most typical mattresses , especially after they started to wear down. Not to mention sensitivities to the toxins in most mattresses. YUK.
+I did a lot of research on latex and discovered that it was pretty natural(sap comes from trees) , non flammable so no fire retardants, lasts a long long time( they claim 25 years without breaking down) , no off- gassing, and so many other wonderful points that I was sold.
+But......the price was wayyyyy beyond our budget, so what to do?
+I looked around online until I found a place that sells latex "toppers". They are about 6" of latex and meant to put over your existing mattress to make it more firm.
+This same company also sold "seconds" ; toppers that had minor flaws.
+I managed to find 2 seconds toppers, queen sized, firm, with a natural cotton zippered cover that fits both of them together for under $700.
+I had never spent anywhere near that amount of money on a bed before but, I'll tell ya, it has been the BEST investment I have ever made in my life!! Both my husband and I are totally in love with this bed. It is unbelievably comfortable and we sleep soundly and peacefully knowing we are not breathing fire retardants for 1/3 of our life.
+Easy to move too as we haul in inside for the winter and outside to our outdoor bedroom for summertime.
+I am totally sold on natural latex beds.
+The Princess (and the Pea)
+1
+We got a twin for our son's room last year, and both my husband and I have blissfully passed out on it at various times. It's really comfortable! I would definitely recommend it for an adult (we weigh 130-200 pounds, and both of us find it comfy).
+The twin mattress is $295, while the full is $380. You could, I would think, get two twins to make a California King size mattress, and only be spending $600 on it. Not a bad price, especially for latex! The mattress cover that it comes with is also made of wool and organic cotton, so it's naturally flame-resistant without all the chemicals. The mattress itself is made of "talalay" latex, so it's not all natural, but they do sell natural latex mattresses there...for a higher price, of course!
+1
+here's a link to how the two latexs are processed and how latex is "farmed" as well:
+and this:
+I realize that it takes a huge amount of energy to process the sap into mattresses and then ship them from sri lanka to the US and therefore does not necessarily fit the bill of being sustainable. But it's still nice to know that the material you are sleeping on came from a tree! And to have the unsurpassed level of comfort that that "tree" can provide.
+Sequoia
+1
+Jay Hayes wrote:So, after writing my post yesterday I went ahead and ordered a layered felt mattress from shepherds dream yesterday. The folks were really easy to work with and seemed genuinely happy to help me out. The mattress is made to order so I will get it in 4-6 weeks, with free shipping! If anyone is curious about the product feel free to ask me and I'll share some info when I get it. I am wicked excited!
+J
+Hi Jay, I'm curious how the mattress worked out for you?
+"Hundreds of years from now it will not matter what my bank account was, the sort of house I lived in or the type of car I drove... But the world may be different because I did something so bafflingly crazy that it becomes a tourist destination"
+On permies.com, as with book and tool reviews, we like to say something like "I give this ______ 8 out of 10 acorns" or some such. How would you rate your natural mattresses?
+
+Final Report for EW96-011
+Professional Training in Biologically Integrated Orchard Systems
+Project Type: Professional Development Program
+Funds awarded in 1996: $155,940.00
+Projected End Date: 12/31/1999
+Matching Non-Federal Funds: $124,109.00
+Region: Western
+State: California
+Principal Investigator:
+Jill Klein
+Com. Alliance w/ Family Farmers/BIOS Training Prop. for SARE
+Project Information
+Abstract:
+In this project, the Community Alliance with Family Farrners took the technical information used in its pesticide reduction program, Biologically Integrated Orchard Systems (BIOS), and developed curricula for use in two training workshops for agricultural professionals. Both the fall and spring workshops were offered in two locations in 1998. Each of the four workshops was attended by approximately 20 to 24 participants.
+BIOS is a demonstration program for almond and walnut orchards that offers technical assistance to farmers who want to reduce their synthetic pesticide and fertilizer use. Its methods rely on natural predator/prey relationships for pest control and on natural fertilizers. We developed training in these methods for agency personnel, particularly for USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and University of California Cooperative Extension, because there is no other professional training available in biologically integrated methods. By filling this void, the project helped ensure that farmers who seek information on reduced chemical farming systems will be served by agricultural professionals who are informed about these methods and can offer them the support they need to adopt such practices.
+Project Objectives:
+This project has three objectives:
+1. To develop the capacity of Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), University of California Cooperative Extension (UCCE) personnel, and other agricultural professionals to understand and promote successful biologically integrated almond production principles and practices;
+2. To develop training for agency personnel and agricultural professionals based on a participatory learning model and evaluate its suitability for use in other regions;
+3. To stimulate hand- on educational events for farmers and other members of the agricultural community to be organized and led by those trained in the mini courses.
+Cooperators
+Education & Outreach Initiatives
+Objective:
+Description:
+Dissemination of findings was part of the project itself, not something accomplished separately as when a research study is published. Reaching the agricultural professional audience and persuading them to participate in the workshops was an integral piece of the project. Our outreach efforts for the recruitment of participants focused on NRCS, based on the advice of the workshop advisory team. CAFF staff members called and wrote letters to NRCS administrators at the state and area levels. Staff also gave presentations at area cluster meetings to District Conservationists who had little or no previous contact with the BIOS program. In addition, CAFF produced brochures for each set of workshops that were sent to about 500 people including all applicable NRCS field offices, University of California Extension offices, and pest control advisors in the BIOS database. Contacts were made in other institutions including the Almond Board of California and the California Environmental Protection Agency.
+The curricula we developed for our workshops have been disseminated to approximately half a dozen agricultural professionals who were unable to participate but requested copies of the information binders we created for use at the workshops.
+Outcomes and impacts:
+The Community Alliance with Family Farmers (CAFF) is a 20-year-old nonprofit organization committed to promoting sustainable agriculture. Our work involves both educational programs and advocacy on behalf of family farmers. For the last five years we have sponsored a technical assistance program called Biologically Integrated Orchard Systems (BIOS) for almond and walnut growers in seven counties within California’s Central Valley. BIOS offers enrolled growers customized assistance for adopting alternatives to toxic pesticides and fertilizers. Through year-end evaluations and a study by University of California Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program (UC SAREP), BIOS has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to promoting sustainable agricultural practices in conventional orchards. “BIOS growers actually eliminated their use of Diazinon in Merced and Stanislaus counties, by the 1993 94 and the 1994 95 winter seasons, respectively.”¹
+The project sponsored by USDA SARE over the last eighteen months enabled CAFF to train agricultural professionals in the biologically integrated management approach promoted by BIOS. This project was prompted by the recognition that most agricultural and natural resource agency personnel have received no training in biologically integrated farm systems, those that rely primarily on natural predator prey relationships for pest control and on compost and nitrogen rich ‘cover crops’ for fertilizers. Without this training, these professionals are not able to advise farmers in non chemical alternatives to pesticides and fertilizers.
+While BIOS provides high quality technical information that is not consistently available from any other source, it also offers this information in a unique forum, wherein farmers, researchers, pest control advisors, and agency personnel are each accepted as valuable contributors to discussions. This approach stands in contrast to the top down mode of instruction by experts presented by traditional agricultural institutions. We have found that by creating a “level learning field” farmers are much more likely to learn from each other, pick up usable information, and pass important field realities on to researchers and agency staff. Given that the success of the BIOS program has been at least in part, due to its participatory learning style, we modeled this style in our workshops and included it as part of what participants could learn at the workshop.
+_____________________________________________
+1. J.C. Broome, et al, 1997. “Biologically Integrated Farming Systems: Approaches to Voluntary Reduction of Agricultural Chemical Use.” Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program, University of California.
+____________________________________________
+In the course of this project, CAFF developed curricula for two professional development workshops. The curricula were presented in day long workshops held in Fresno and Modesto, California, in the spring of 1998, and Fresno and Woodland in the fall of 1998. Both spring workshops were attended by approximately 20 people each; and each fall workshop had 24 participants.
+The spring workshops covered:
+• soil quality tests in a BIOS orchard
+Ron Alves of Modesto Junior College presented information gathered in local orchards that illustrate some of the principles of soil quality.
+• information resources for sustainable soil management
+Dave Chaney and Ann Mayse of UC SAREP field tested “Soil Quality: a Resource for Education and Extension,”‘ a collection of various media that will support agricultural professionals in their work to promote sustainable soil management.
+• barn owls for rodent control
+Steve Simmons of Merced High School presented a unique program he has with his students to build, sell and research nesting boxes for barn owls and other avian predators. Participants built their own nesting boxes.
+• IPM monitoring in almonds
+Farmer and pest control advisor Cindy Lashbrook introduced the concepts of Integrated Pest Management using almond pests as examples.
+• cover crop selection and management
+Fred Thomas of Cerus Consulting worked with Farmers Glenn Anderson and Ray Eck to explain various cover crop seed mixes and how they can be managed to meet the goals of farmers.
+• soil quality testing in the field
+Matthew Werner of the Center for Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems demonstrated and explained the Soil Quality Test Kit.
+The fall sessions presented information on:
+• fall pest control decisions in almonds
+Lonnie Hendricks, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor described the pest monitoring almond farmers use to make decisions in the fall, and alternatives to conventional pest control practices.
+• cover crop seeding in orchards
+Fred Thomas and Cindy Lashbrook, with assistance from Greg Wittenborn, Germain’s Seed Company, described the various methods of cover crop seeding and legume inoculation for orchards.
+• biological pest management in grapes
+Cliff Ohmart, Lodi Woodbridge Winegrape Commission, told participants how he works with farmers to develop IPM programs in their vineyards.
+• soil biology for perennial crops
+Graduate Students from the lab of Kate Scow, UC Davis, used microscopes, video cameras and other lab equipment to introduce the members of the soil food web to participants.
+• compost production and utilization
+Mark Van Horn, UC Davis Student Experimental Farm, told participants about factors affecting compost quality and how farmers can get the best value from a compost product.
+• new trends in winter almond orchard pest control practices
+Walt Bentley, UC Area IPM Advisor presented information on changing dormant season pest control practices, and his experience with BIOS program farmers who have reduced or eliminated their use of organophosphate pesticides.
+Project Outcomes
+Recommendations:
+This project was guided by an advisory team which includes farmers, agricultural consultants, and representatives of NRCS, UC, and the EPA. They helped determine the subject matter and assisted with event outreach. The advisory team was enthusiastic about the workshops and their reception by participants. The team has recommended to CAFF that we expand the curricular materials and create workshops suitable for a broader audience by addressing different crops, and more climatic /geographic zones. Based on the response to this project we would recommend USDA SARE funding for other experienced sustainable agriculture organizations who propose such a project.
+Potential Contributions
+We have identified three main benefits of this project: 1) the information itself and its ability to expand participants’ capacity to assist farmers interested in adopting sustainable practices, 2) the access to experienced practitioners of sustainable farming methods that the trainings afforded participants, and 3) the opportunity for networking among agency and institutional staff.
+First, we are pleased with our ability to present the fundamentals of biologically integrated orchard management in written form and through hands on demonstrations. As was discussed above, this information is not available through the usual channels of continuing education for agricultural professionals. We believe that this information was successfully transferred to participants and they will now be better equipped to promote sustainable alternatives to toxic pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. The workshops gave those participants who do not interact directly with farmers (i.e. EPA personnel) an introduction to the viability of sustainable farming methods. As a result of this training they will be better prepared to serve as cooperators or funders of sustainable agricultural programs and projects.
+Second, the workshops offered participants a rare opportunity to interact with farmers, farm advisors, and independent farm consultants who are experienced with biologically integrated practices. At the workshops participants were encouraged to ask questions of these presenters, who supplied not only technical information, but gave anecdotes of their personal experience with the methods. This was helpful in bringing the technical information to life and grounding it in the reality of farm production. The project created a pathway for sharing information learned in the field with agriculture related agencies.
+Finally, the workshops gave participants a chance to network with each other. The small group sessions within the workshops allowed people from different organizations to interact and strengthen their relationships.
+Impacts on Agricultural Professionals
+At the conclusion of each workshop, participants were asked to complete an evaluation of the event. Their comments revealed that the workshops helped participants acquire new knowledge and skills, and in some cases changed their attitudes toward sustainable agricultural production practices.
+For example, after the fall workshops a participant commented that the “quality of the speakers’ presentations was outstanding.” Another praised the diversity and practicality of the topics presented. In terms of using the information gained at the workshop, participants said they would be “better able to communicate with growers and agribusiness,” would “inform growers about alternatives and direct them accordingly,” and that the workshop had “helped me understand the issue of dormant spray use and the alternatives available to growers.” One participant said that he was interested in starting a program similar to BIOS with peach and apricot growers in his county.
+As an anecdote about the workshops’ impact on participants, one of the BIOS staff dropped in at the office of a participant two weeks after the fall workshop to find the participant reviewing a cost-share application and using the workshop information binder to get information about cover crop selection for an orchard.
+Reactions from Farmers and Ranchers
+Cindy Lashbrook, a farmer and a pest control advisor, taught workshop sessions on Integrated Pest Management in almonds and cover crop selection and seeding for orchards. Cindy felt that the workshops gave valuable information on sustainable agriculture in nut crops. Lashbrook says that “Presenting field level information in the orchard made it come alive as opposed to text book lessons.” She thought there were a good balance of topics. Some participants were already knowledgeable about one topic, they may have been complete newcomers to the other topics and so all participants came away with new ideas. Cindy also mentioned that presenting farmers’ experience brought a more legitimate reality to the information passed on in the workshops. For her presentations, Cindy said that “It has been my goal to bring things down to the soil level, and work up from there.”
+Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or SARE.
+WikiLeaks Publishes Afghan War Secrets 966
+A number of readers submitted word on the massive WikiLeaks release of Afghanistan war documents. "The data is provided in CSV and SQL formats, sorted by months, and also was rendered into KML mapping data." WikiLeaks provided the documents in advance to the New York Times, Der Spiegel, and the UK's Guardian — the latter also has up a video tutorial on how to read the logs. From the Times: "A six-year archive of classified military documents... offers an unvarnished, ground-level picture of the war in Afghanistan that is in many respects more grim than the official portrayal. The secret documents...."
+US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+Wikileaks is doing great work for the world. It sickens me that the country that is supposedly so open and about democracy abuses rest of the world like this and tries to hide it. I remember that last year the German and French population support for the war started dropping, so US started a project where they tried to think how to manipulate them. They made specific, independent plans for both countries how to give the war better PR so the general population would support it again.
+US is also the only country in the world that is constantly in war with other countries, bullies them and has a history of supporting enemies of its enemies. You know, the exact same thing that US considers as helping terrorists. Funny thing is that because of this, US put itself into this war.
+What about ACTA and other laws US tries to push to the rest of the world? No one comes to US and tries to tell them what to do. So leave rest of the world alone too.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+US is also the only country in the world that is constantly in war with other countries, bullies them and has a history of supporting enemies of its enemies
+You realize that every country in the history of humanity has done the exact same things, right?
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+Heinlein, Starship troopers, 1959
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Strangely enough, I'm pretty sure the US and Russian stockpiles of nuclear weapons made the world safer overall. I can't say the same regarding North Korea or Iran having nukes. They might actually use them without fear of retaliation.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+What a lot of people don't know is that a Soviet submarine captain actually gave an order to launch a nuclear missile during the Cuban Missile Crisis, but his second in command [wikipedia.org] refused to do so.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+"I'm not afraid of the man who wants ten nuclear weapons. I'm terrified of the man who only wants one."
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+What have we gained from this precarious position? Only peace between a handful of countries who keep their fingers on the trigger. The rest of the world still has war, with all the brutality, violence, and war crimes that come with it, and in several cases those wars are with (or were with, in the case of wars that occurred in the past) the very countries that have nuclear stockpiles.
+It is absurd to claim that humanity is safer now than we were before the arms race. We live on the brink of destruction, and while we all go about our lives feeling safe, there are people who spend their time ensuring that at any moment, any country in the world could be completely destroyed, and others whose jobs involve planning how the entire world could be destroyed if some other country decides to execute a nuclear strike.
+None of that makes me feel very safe.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Interesting)
+Strangely enough, I'm pretty sure the US and Russian stockpiles of nuclear weapons made the world safer overall.
+If you define "the world" as "US and Russia", maybe. Because there were no shortage of proxy wars in South America, Africa, and Asia with the communists and capitalists supplying different sides.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Huh? Your view of history is pretty narrow. Perhaps in the 20th Century the US has been involved in more wars that others (often as a defensive position, ie, WWI, WW2, Korea) but the history of mankind has been that of war for thousands and thousands of years.
+This is reality, not the Federation of Planets. Get used to it.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+This is reality, not the Federation of Planets. Get used to it.
+Even the Federation seemed to average a small war every decade or so......
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative) [wikipedia.org]
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+since in those three wars combined only one single attack was ever made on the US.
+So the murder of American civilians traveling on noncombatant ships [wikipedia.org] doesn't count as an attack on the US? Attempting to get one of America's neighbors to join an alliance [wikipedia.org] against her doesn't count as a hostile act?
+The US had ample provocation to enter WW1. Ditto for WW2. Ditto for Korea. Hell, the peaceniks here should have loved the way Korea went down -- authorized by and conducted under the auspices of the UN in response to aggression against one of it's members.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+Actually - researchers in 2008 uncovered that there were weapons on the Lusitania: [dailymail.co.uk]
+Really doesn't say anything to the discussion here or the point your making. But I just read this the other day and thought it was interesting.
+Re: (Score:3, Interesting) [nature.com]
+There's plenty of other information out there, such as the fact that North Korea doesn't have a submarine capable of evading South Korean sonar arrays.
+There's also lots in Korean, but that doesn't help you.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Uhhhh - no system is infallible. Sonar is remarkable. On sonar that would be around 40 years old today, one could actually listen to fish doing fishy things, miles away. You could hear a man sneeze underwater, again, miles away. Even the most stealthy of submarines make noise as it passes through the water - mostly from the propellor of course, but the steam plant makes noise, and the crew makes noise. Machinery inside the sub makes noise. You can hear all of it, if you have very good ears, proper training, and good equipment. A good sonar tech can hear a scuba diver long before the diver gets close enough to plant a limpet mine. But, NONE of it is infallible.
+You can potentially take a noisy 1800's steam ship out to run a blockade, and succeed. Because nothing works like it's supposed to all the time.
+If you think that S. Korean or any other sonar arrays are impenetrable, you have almost no understanding of sonar, or people, or of complex systems in general. NOTHING WORKS CORRECTLY ALL THE TIME! Repeat that a few thousand times - then go out and preach it to the people around you who fail to understand it.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Funny)
+Right on!
+I saw proof on youtube that the fire couldn't be hot enough to melt those steel girders. Sick of all these lies, I went to look for myself, and I'll be damned: the WTC is still standing! They faked the 9/11 attacks in the same studio where they faked the moon landing. The real reason why the 9/11 attacks were faked was to provide an excuse for grounding all air planes so they could be retrofitted with tanks of neurotoxins for the chemtrails program, which is needed to keep the public confused and ignorant about CIA, FBI, UN and Freemason involvement in the Kennedy assassinations. The Kennedys were assassinated because they wanted to go public about the aliens that had been captured after the Roswell incident. The Aliens were here to warn us about the imminent threat posed by the passing of the planet Nibiru, which the Freemason/CIA/FBI conspiracy is trying to keep hidden because they intend to use the confusion caused by the upcoming disaster to impose UN law on the united states. The black helicopters have nothing to do with it though, they're an extremely fancy pizza delivery service for the Skull & Bones alumni.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative)
+Took the Romans two centuries to pacify the Iberian peninsula (present day Spain and Portugal). And that was without outside meddling (after they took it from the Carthaginians).
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative)
+taking out many civilian targets then trying to hide it
+What history book have you been reading? The history of war is one of marching all over civilians. What you are supposed to do is walk in and kill every man woman and child so there is no one left to oppose you. So there aren't any children left fatherless to build a grudge of hatred towards your nation. This idea of not killing civilians is a result of the televised news cycle. Hell during WWII the firebombing campaigns in Japan killed 100's of thousands of people, more than the two atomic bombs.
+The reason the war is taking so long is because they are at least attempting to not kill civilians. They aren't doing a great job of it, but at least they are trying.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+Scale is relative. The British and Roman empires were waging at least as many as we are, and were just as ruthless. Granted, that shows you where we're headed, but your statement is still wrong.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+The British and Roman empires were waging at least as many as we are, and were just as ruthless.
+No, they were far more ruthless than we are. The Romans would have conquered Afghanistan a long time ago -- it's much easier to pacify a population when you are willing to kill anyone capable of offering resistance and sell the survivors into slavery.
+We aren't even as ruthless as we were just sixty years ago. Read up on how we conducted ourselves in the Pacific War against Japan. They refused to abide by the laws of war and we responded in kind.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative)
+You must be referring to Okinawa and Peleliu. I'm actually in the process of reading With the Old Breed by E.B. Sledge.
+From Wiki.
+In contrast to the European theater, Sledge's memoir gives a perspective on the Pacific campaign. His memoir is a front-line account of infantry combat in the Pacific War. It brings the reader into the island hopping, the jungle heat and rain, the "banzai attack" or full frontal assault used by his enemies. Sledge wrote starkly of the brutality displayed by American and Japanese soldiers during the battles, and of the hatred that both sides harbored for each other. In Sledge's words, "this was a brutish, primitive hatred, as characteristic of the horror of war in the Pacific as the palm trees and the islands."
+Sledge describes one instance in which he and a comrade came across the mutilated bodies of three Marines, including one Marine whose genitals had been cut off and stuffed into the corpse's mouth. He also describes the behavior of some Marines towards dead Japanese, including the removal of gold teeth from Japanese corpses (and, in one case, a severely wounded but still living Japanese soldier), as well as other disturbing trophy-taking.
+Re: (Score:3, Informative)
+Alexander didn't conquer Afghanistan. The British didn't. The Soviets didn't. Maybe the Romans would have done a more thorough job, but all the other failures weren't exactly poofters. Then again, Julius Caesar instigated the Gallic Wars and then went on to murder over a million Celts just so his troops could sharpen their swords for civil war, and to settle the old debt from when the Gauls sacked Rome 390 b.c. They were particularly hard-assed back then.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Interesting)
+Maybe the fact that the Romans and the Mongols never tried to conquer Afghanistan was the result of an intelligent reticence. Even in the Byzantine era (who still called themselves "Romans") when Heraclius more or less replicated Alexander the Great's feat of conquering the Persian Empire, he promptly turned around and went home without touching Afghanistan.
+But like an earlier comment mentioned, as ruthless and (in my opinion) needlessly violent as the USA's recent conduct as been, the Romans would not have tolerated an insurgency. I once heard the journalist Seymour Hersch (I probably misspelled his name) allege that in the Project for a New American Century circles such as Dick Cheney and Donald Rumsfeld, the Third Punic War is bandied about as lot as an example of what the USA should do (As in, after two huge wars against Carthage, one of them involving Hannibal running riot across Italy for ten years, the Romans had effectively cowed Carthage into little more than a vestige of what it once was. When there were rumblings of possibly a third major conflict, the Romans responded by simply killing everyone they wanted to, selling the few survivors into slavery, and famously sowing their land with salt so that nothing would ever grow there again.)
+I'm reminded of a great quote by the grouchy Roman historian Tacitus - "The Romans make a desert and call it 'peace.'"
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative)
+US revolutionary war, anyone? (Score:5, Insightful)
+They refused to abide by the laws of war and we responded in kind.
+I find that statement pretty funny given that I grew up about 15 minutes away from where a bunch of colonial farmers basically engaged in guerrilla warfare and pretty well obliterated almost a thousand British troops. What did those wild heathens do? Why, they didn't respect the proper rules of war by moving around in proper tidy columns and shooting in volleys (the procedure is truly hilarious to watch.) The bastards...they fired from spread out positions! And from behind rock walls! Cowards! And then, as the British retreated, they were picked off militia hiding in the woods all along the road back to Boston.
+So. The standards of war are rewritten by whoever wins...and it's not like we went into Iraq and Afghanistan not knowing what we were getting ourselves into. The Soviets did a pretty good job of discovering that a decade or two prior.
+Re:US revolutionary war, anyone? (Score:5, Interesting)
+I'm not sure that old-style infantry was a result of outright incompetence.
+Sure, it's better to spread the troops out, and hide them behind rock walls, but only if you trust them to stick their heads out long enough to fire. That's not a problem if you have all volunteers, but colonial armies aren't staffed with volunteers. I guess modern armies have better training, so they can give their troops a bit more independence.
+Re:US revolutionary war, anyone? (Score:5, Insightful)
+I just find it absurd that we force our military to fight with one hand behind it's back. Our enemies aren't doing the same.
+It all depends on what you're trying to achieve. If it's suppressing all resistance, then, yes, "shoot on sight" is the way to do that - though there are more efficient ways still, such as carpet bombing.
+But if you want to take over an area and maintain control, not by keeping population at the barrel of your guns (and showing that it's loaded by shooting one or another periodically), but more or less willingly, then you have to do PR. Be better than the other guys.
+And PR has its costs, including soldiers' lives.
+But then Soviet Union tried to go without back in 80s, and you might recall how well that went.
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Our weaponry and style of war is far more ruthless today than the Romans could've ever dreamed of.
+Note that the helicopter pilots had to radio in for permission to kill the people on the ground (they did get that permission, of course) -- the Romans would not have had to radio in. A group of Roman soldiers would have slaughtered the people with weapons, and probably the "historians" (i.e. reporters) that were there with them, without first asking a higher level commander for permission. The "rules of engagement" in Roman times were not quite what they are today: the Romans won many battles by simply laying siege and letting people starve to death (can you find an instance of the United States Army laying siege and waiting for people to starve to death?).
+Yes, the weapons are more deadly. The tactics and rules, however, are a lot less brutal. Yes, warfare is still brutal, but we really do hold back our armies. If you want to see what less restraint looks like, take a look at what is happening along the Congo-Rwanda border, and you will see the kind of restrain the US army is showing in Iraq.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+"Our weaponry and style of war is far more ruthless today "
+Bullshit. Every combat action is subject to public scrutiny, and the commanders have to answer to a Congress that watches the news, right along with reading full reports from the front line.
+We do not wage a "ruthless" war. We haven't done so since about 1950. We fight "humane" wars. We bend over backwards to avoid inflicting civilian casualties and civilian damage. We have very strict rules of engagement. If you think our troops are "ruthless", you have no concept of what ruthless really is.
+A ruthless military would identify a village from which some combatants came, surround that village, destroy all the structures with air strikes and artillery, then they would roll through it with armor, and follow up with infantry. A sign would be erected, "This village destroyed as penalty for supplying 10 soldiers to fight against America." And, the bodies would be left lying in the road when everyone left. That is ruthlessness.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Interesting)
+A puny sword cut, compared to what flamethrowers and napalm can do to you, or those vacuum bombs which literally turn your lungs inside out (but don't always kill right away)? And that's not even to mention chemical weapons.
+There are very gory ways to go even on today's battlefield. It's just that they happen more often to the "insurgents", so you don't hear much about them. Then again, the fate of a captured American soldier can be quite disturbing, as well.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Did the Romans plant devices [banminesusa.org] that could chop off the limbs of a playing child years or even decades after the conflict has ended, devices specifically intended to maim and kill indiscriminately ? And did they in fact spread this disease all over the world by exporting the stuff to every two bit warlord with the cash to buy them ?
+The Romans were ruthless enough to chop limbs off children personally (sort of a "hands off"-approach
+;-). It takes quite a different level of ruthlessness to personally skewer a kid with a sword, than selling a mine to somebody who may use it in a way that results in kids getting maimed and killed. Any coward can quiet their conscience in the hopes of quick profits (for an arms merchant) or not think very far into the future when securing their position in a war (for a soldier in a war zone). Very very few individuals (today, in developed countries) are ruthless enough to personally off a kid.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Informative)
+I realize that you were mocking the "kindness" statement and not arguing the necessity, but a quick review of the history might enlighten a few readers here about the US approach to war and its determination to minimize civilian casualties.
+By 1945, WW2 was nearing its end and everyone knew it; the Japanese were all but beaten but were refusing to surrender unconditionally. Rather than lay down their arms, they adopted a strategy to prevent an invasion of the Japanese home island by dragging out the war as long as possible and making each succeeding engagement so bloody that, hopefully, the US public would be increasingly appalled by the death toll and pressure their leaders to just quit. That strategy came to a head at the Battle of Okinawa which lasted almost three *months* (1 April - 22 June 1945) and resulted in 100,000 and 72,000 Japanese and US military casualties respectively, and 100,000 Japanese civilian casualties--a full 25% of the island's population. There was no Japanese compunction about using civilians as human shields. The Okinawan government to this day claims that the Japanese military gave a mass suicide order to the civilian population and expedited more than a few. 90% of the island's buildings and infrastructure were destroyed.
+Still undeterred by those high losses, the Japanese leadership were preparing the civilian population of the home island to escalate that style of warfare even further. The military began issuing hand grenades to civilian families with orders to throw them at US soldiers when they appeared in the streets. It would have made modern day Baghdad look like a playground spat. They had decided that they would rather sacrifice the entire civilian population than surrender. Accordingly, the projected casualty count for the Allies' Operation Downfall --
+--were in the millions for the Allied forces and in the *tens of millions* for the Japanese civilian population. Faced with those numbers, Truman ordered the use of the atomic bomb. The shock of losing two entire cities in three days, with a total casualty count of 240,000 people, with no loss of Allied life finally convinced the Japanese military they were done. The math and the psychology finally became overwhelming. There would be no more bloody engagements, just one Japanese city after another vanishing in a flash of light until the military was eviscerated with no loss to the Allies, so the Japanese finally surrendered.
+Terrible as it was, those numbers were still orders of magnitude smaller than the deaths that would have resulted had the Allies been forced to invade Japan. The only other alternative would have been a blockade, resulting in mass starvation of the civilian population.So by any objective measure, the Japanese refusal to surrender and determination to drag out the war in as bloody a fashion as possible justified the use of Fat Man and Little Boy. Truman made the right call. It was the most merciful option left.
+The point is that the US does not kill civilians just for jollies. In fact, it bends over backwards to try to minimize civilian casualties, way past the point of endangering its own troops. The fact that the Obama Administration is considering creating a military award for "courageous restraint" is proof of that. Whether the wars should have been started in the first place is, of course, debatable; but if the US were so ruthless and brutal as some Slashdotters claim, it would have turned Afghanistan and Iraq into glass parking lots long before George Bush had wrapped up his second term.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+Actually this behavior can be seen in any aristocracy/republic, when you have a cultural elite that controls most of the wealth/power/resources it will naturally seek to "domesticate" the population by sending off aggressive individuals to fight remote wars. This pacifies your population in the short run and in the long run you limit their chances of passing on aggressive genes since they are less likely to breed offspring while away or dead. In most mammals you can domesticate them within 10 generations, why should humans be any different?
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+my point is, even with the selection against agressive genes that wars provide, aggression, and most importantly, the ultra-violent people [amazon.com], get that way through a gradual learning process of though experiences most people in this forum will never be able to imagine.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+I hesitate to intrude upon this good-natured colloquy, but I must point out that there were no "Frenchmen" (or French women) for about 1000 years after Caesar and his colleagues conquered Gaul. (The very name "France" derives from the Franks, a tribe of barbarians who invaded Gaul hundreds of years after Caesar). The main source for the Roman conquest of Gaul, of course, consists of Caesar's own books. Is it at all possible that he might have slanted them, perhaps touching up a few facts and figures, in order to impress the voters back in Rome? (Point 1: Caesar is one hell of a general, who conquers whole provinces in a matter of months and utterly destroys Rome's enemies; Point 2: You *really* do not want to anger him).
+You are probably aware of the wide gap between pagan Roman (and Greek, and for that matter Gaulish) ethics and the Christian ethics with which everyone in the West is more or less permeated. Whereas Christ abjured us to love our enemies, turn the other cheek when struck, and to forgive our brother "unto seventy times seven" times, the ancients believed in returning whatever they received - with interest. A noble Roman, Greek, Gaul, or Goth would take pride in rewarding his friends and servants lavishly, heaping kindness upon his dependents, and showing the most merciless cruelty to his declared enemies. In some ways, the Nazi philosophy (if one can dignify it with that name) harked back to the days of the Romans in regarding forgiveness and mercy as signs of weakness, likely to be abused and exploited by enemies. So it's not surprising that the Romans took such a robust approach to conquering other nations and repressing rebellions. The very word "virtue" originates from the Latin "vir" (a man) and to the Romans meant the manly virtues of truth, courage, and strength. That's why it's foolish and inappropriate to compare the violence of 20th and 21st century wars with those of the pre-Christian period. One shouldn't forget, either, the appalling bloodiness of the high Christian period, from the Dark Ages through to the Enlightenment. No one who casts stones at Islam for its culture of violent intolerance should forget that Christianity, for most of its history, was very similar in that regard. It has just had an extra few hundred years to lose its sharp edges.
+Nowadays, in the post-Christian epoch, everyone has been exposed to Christian ethics - even if many of us are avowed agnostics or atheists, the ethical rules that we consider self-evident and universal often derive from Christianity. So we pay abundant lip service to kindness, mercy, charity and forgiveness. Yet the people who reach the top layers of government and the armed forces cannot afford any such scruples: they have to behave very much like ancient Romans, while pretending to subscribe to Christian or humanist ethics. Hence the paradoxes expressed in the t-shirt slogan "Whom would Jesus bomb?" Clinton had it right: "It's the economy, stupid!" Every US president (and all their staff too) is fully aware that his overriding goal must be to make Americans prosperous and keep them that way. That is not done by exporting the huge amounts of wealth that would be necessary to turn a country like Afghanistan into a passable replica of Ohio (or even Egypt); instead, it is done by sucking wealth out of such countries for the enrichment of Americans. But overt looting of foreign nations is frowned upon, most of all by our own ethics. How to square the circle? (Hint: I do know that's impossible) The method adopted has been to pretend that the invasion is for the good of the invaded. The forces of Western civilisation are conquering Afghanistan - as they did Iraq - to bring freedom, security, and the American Way of Life to the benighted heathen (sorry, "impoverished tribesmen").
+It won't work. And there is very good reason to believe that no one in the White House or the Pentagon ever believed it could. This is what Maximilien Robespierre, no pacifist himself, had to say on the subject in 1791:
+"The most extravagant idea that c
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+US is also the only country in the world that is constantly in war with other countries, bullies them and has a history of supporting enemies of its enemies
+You realize that every country in the history of humanity has done the exact same things, right?
+I pretty much agree with your point, but would like to point out that no other country is or has been involved in as many large scale, outright wars as we are, at the frequency we are.
+No other country has the ability to wage the large scale wars that the US has. I don't doubt that there are many countries that, given the technology and logistics that the US currently possesses, would do the same if not worse. Not taking one side or another on the debate, just saying, it's a matter of capability, not desire.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+Uh, I'm Swiss, you insensitive clod!
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+You need to do a little research on the British Empire, the Roman empire, The Mongols, etc. Pretty much ANY empire in recorded history. Most involved outright genocide of millions and ongoing conflicts on multiple fronts. We're a bunch of candy-ass pacifists by comparison.
+Oh, another one. Right, I see. Thank God for your logical explanation, because I was on the edge of thinking that maybe what US was doing might not be right.
+But now that you pointed out that other have done it before, then it MUST be right.
+Right?
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Interesting)
+Not recently, and there have been a push to make the world a non-corrupt and peaceful place.
+Precious few, if any, governments have these goals at the top of their list or anywhere in their list -- ignore the rhetoric and watch what they do. Corruption is the nature of nearly all governments simply because it's how business is done. You'd be amazed at how much of your priviledge of owning a computer and having electricity is the result of bribes and blatantly unethical behavior. Nor is peace their goal. The only goal is economic stability. Whether that means a non-combatant posture today or a brutal attack on certain citizens the next, the goal is only stability for the economy and outside investment.
+There is many countries that haven't had war in many many years now. It was different in the pre-modern times.
+Besides, the issue is the hypocrisy and hiding it from the public. US has done over and over again the exact same things that they accuse the current terrorists and countries that support them doing.
+I agree the US is guilty of the same atrocities they accuse terrorists of committing, but so are many countries. Your memory may be short, but history is quite long, and just because a few years have gone by without major war reporting doesn't mean they're suddenly pure and will never use weapons again.
+So let's not be naive about anything here. Much of the criticism against the US is deserved, but it is not the only deserving country.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+The problem is we have this thing known as the military industrial complex [wikipedia.org] that needs shit to kept stirred to give it a reason to exist and enjoy massive profits.
+Old Ike warned us about it in the 50s saying "we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes. " but nobody listened.
+You look at our history pre WWII and we pretty much tried to stay out of everyone else's business for the most part. After all those corps got a taste of the government teat they sure as hell wasn't about to give it up, hence where we are now. Sadly the MIC has become a self perpetuating monster, with plants and projects across every district, and more than enough cash to buy anything they want passed. Short of a total economic collapse I just don't see anything changing with regards to the USA and the MIC.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Informative)
+Re: (Score:3, Funny)
+Yeah, and look where it got them.
+Re:US abuse (Score:4, Insightful)
+You realize that every country in the history of humanity has done the exact same things, right?
+Not Tibet.
+Tibet was a bunch of separate entities way back in the day [wikipedia.org]. If and when it gets free of the Chinese government, do they get to redivide into those smaller countries? Obviously Songtsän Gampo, the guy who founded the Tibetan EMPIRE, wasn't a true Tibetan. He was just some random, outside oppressor engaged in acts of aggression against his neighbors. The earth was made and Tibet was there immediately with monks and quaint makers of handcrafted goodies for celebrity photo op types to pose with. Damn him for messing with that.
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+In order for that to actually work we'd all have to do it - all at once. By all means go ahead and try to convince the Chinese, the Russians, the Koreans, the Taliban etc. to all sing along and be friends with one another. Don't forget the Palestinians and Israelis too. Go over there and try to talk this sense to them, we'll be seeing you on TV shortly after I'm betting and not in the good way either. What exactly different is it that you propose?
+If you think that somehow leading by example and becoming pacifists is going to get it done be prepared to be crushed as every other country rolls over you. What you're looking for is a fantasy and it's the sort of fantasy that's dreamed up by folks who have a warm bed, enough food, plenty of water, education, and free time to have have such thoughts. Many places in this world have very little of any of that and you had better believe they aren't going to get it overnight.
+Want to win in places like Afghanistan? Start by raising their standard of living to something akin to ours. School them, build roads, develop their industries and resources, maybe give them something worthwhile to lose! When they have the luxuries that the "developed" worlds do then and only then will we begin to see progress. The Taliban and other tyrants know that an educated populace is their worst enemy. If we give Iran enough time I bet we will see this happen, trying badly to strangle them with by withholding needed supplies will work as well for us as it's working in Palestine I fear...
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Insightful)
+Re:Just stupid... (Score:3, Interesting)
+No you're not stupid! We should all aim to improve ourselves and our countries! And, I can't believe all the assholes that say that other countries have been as bad or worse. Who cares, everyone is responsible for their own actions! Otherwise all you're saying is that it's ok to be an asshole because there were and are other assholes! Highly unethical, if you ask me!
+Re:US abuse (Score:5, Funny)
+Re:Killing other people does not solve problems. (Score:5, Insightful)
+Re:Killing other people does not solve problems. (Score:5, Insightful)
+15,000 reports held back but will be release later (Score:5, Informative)
+Last line of [wikileaks.org]:
+."
+So this archive isnt complete, come back later for more...
+Re:15,000 reports held back but will be release la (Score:5, Insightful)
+Actually, if you watch the video on guardian, Assange specifically addresses the problem of "safety" that is being lauded here, noting how wikileaks take great care not to endanger people, other then politicians and military making the decisions leading to these occurrences of course. He points out why "this endangers the safety" argument is beating on a dead horse - the data here is so old, that the real meat that could in fact endanger lives of NATO soldiers, namely positional info is long beyond any reasonable secrecy requirements, while names are being redacted.
+Anyone parroting the "endangers lives of out troops" is doing nothing but repeating drivel meant to discredit wikileaks at this point. Sensitive negotiations on the other hand usually imply "crimes behind them", which brings us to judicial responsibility - i.e. how many children are you willing to have raped, mutilated and killed in the name of Aghanistan, before it gets to be too many? Perhaps it's time to note that NATO has quite a few sociopaths installed in positions of power, and they need to be replaced rather then be taking part in "sensitive negotioations"?
+On the other hand, the people dead because of what NATO is doing in Afghanistan are actually dying, in droves. And as these documents show, NATO sweeps many of them under the rug, and who are the people responsible for that accountable for, and who are people covering them accountable for?
+And mind you, he's not American. He's Australian, and he claims to speak for no one least of all Americans. He simply offers facts, and allows everyone to formulate their opinion on their own. This is quite different from most modern mass media, that tends to be opinionated to no end nowadays rather then offer facts and let people think for themselves.
+Ethics of leaks (Score:4, Insightful)
+Nobody elected him. And I don't have the information necessary to represent his ethical position. However, in general a democracy only really works when the people have visibility regarding the activities of its leaders and military. So, I can guess that he believes he has an ethical position. Can we trust him? No. But we can do our best to verify the data. Can we trust our own leaders? Same answer, unfortunately. This much is clear from history.
+Next, is our country better off or not for this release? If there really is some care being taken regarding names and the age of data, it may well be better off for the people to have another look at the war.
+Re:Ethics of leaks (Score:4, Insightful)
+Well, it's game over then, by your rules.
+I have considered running for office, and may consider it again. However, I'm not terribly electable. Not Christian, for one thing. If you look at who is in office, it's clear that this is a Christian nation.
+Re:15,000 reports held back but will be release la (Score:5, Insightful)
+uh oh (Score:4, Insightful)
+Re:special interests (Score:5, Insightful)
+I don't know. I don't think that Afghanistan is capable of invading and conquering the United States. They pose no great threat to us. Given that, I'd really rather have the $300 billion.
+Re:special interests (Score:4, Insightful)
+And?
+There's no constructive point in trying to get revenge (nor is it good for the soul), that method of terrorism stopped working 3/4 of the way through that particular attack, and it didn't actually pose any sort of existential threat to us.
+The real harm caused by the attack wasn't crashed planes or collapsed buildings; the real harm was that it goaded us into doing stupid, self-destructive things, like pissing away a lot of money that we really need for other projects, or systematically tearing down our own carefully built, hard won civil liberties.
+Afghanistan can't really hurt us, and neither can Al Qaeda. But we can hurt ourselves, and that's just what we've been doing.
+One thing I don't understand... (Score:5, Interesting)
+...is how did someone manage to download, store and transfer 90,000 classified documents and not be noticed?
+I know there will be a lot of finger-pointing at Wikileaks for publishing the data on their website, but for the information to have been leaked in the first place should raise even more questions.
+Re:One thing I don't understand... (Score:5, Funny)
+I bet they used a computer.
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+several newspapers have had 'access' to them for a while. Three can keep a secret if two of them are dead.
+You got that backwards: The newspapers were given access to the material by wikileaks.
+The newspapers are not the source of the documents.
+Re: (Score:3, Informative)
+Well, maybe put in prison. One person has been charged with Treason since 1952, and he's a fugitive. People are charged with espionage or sedition more often, but I am not at all clear that either of those apply to this case.
+re Triple GDP (Score:5, Interesting)
+According to the CIA World Fact Book: [cia.gov]
+So now, expenditure over six years (Jan 2004 - Dec 2009) is $300,000,000,000.00 divided by six is around $50,000,000,000.00 per year
+Per capita is $1,716.96 or more than double the GDP per capita of the country!
+I would think that the US would get better resultsif the money was simply given to each inhabitant, the $800 they already make plus $1,700 from the US, would triple the GDP per capita, no small feat.
+Just smile for the camera and show that you have not handled explosives or fired guns in the last week (paraffin test) and you get your weekly expenditure; you don't show up for a week then you lose the privilege, i.e. you knew you couldn't pàss the test.
+Who said "You Can Rent an Afghan But Never Buy One"? It would rent the whole lot of them for a long time!
+No, not at all (Score:5, Interesting)
+Handing out money would accomplish nothing. Few reasons:
+1) True wealth is not in having money, it in having the ability to produce things. Rich countries are rich not because they have cash, they are rich because they have strong economies. While cash could be used to buy that, it won't be. Direct handouts are never used in that fashion.
+2) It would just fall in to the hands of warlords. When you get an anarchy situation where the strong can prey on the weak that is what happens. Happens all the time in Africa with aid. You can hand it out to individuals if you send in guys with guns to make sure that happens, but when they leave it'll get taken.
+3) It would just be used to fuel further fighting. Afghanistan is highly tribal. What this means is people don't really have a large scale, national, identity. They identify just with their "tribe" which in this case is basically extended family living together. By and large they see no problem with stealing from, killing, etc other tribes to their own gain.
+Unfortunately, there is no real solution to the problems there. You cannot help people that do not want to help themselves. This is true with individuals who have addictions, and it is true with cultures, with nations, as well. Help only works when the group you are trying to help wants it, and is willing to worth with you. The Afghans don't, so help will do nothing.
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+The real way to fight a war of ideology is with ideology, not money or guns.
+No, the real way to fight a war is to kill enough of the enemy that the remainder realizes the fight is not worth it.
+Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
+the remainder realizes the fight is not worth it.
+Yeah... that's not true. Not in the slightest. You might get lucky and have the enemy become demoralized. What's more likely, when you're in their territory, is that they're going to stop caring if they live, since they know they're going to die, and then adopt more damaging tactics. Instead of getting a guy dropping off a briefcase with a pound of C4, who tries to get out of blast radius, you get a guy driving a truck with a few hundred pounds of C4 driving straight in to a target. And then you get all the
+Re:re Triple GDP (Score:4, Informative)
+Guess where the insurgents come from...
+I mean, do you seriously think that some Afghanis are genetically born to be insurgents, and, as soon as you kill that bunch off, the rest will cheer democracy and religious freedom in their country?
+By the way, speaking of "new order of things" - do you know that the current constitution of Afghanistan, enacted by the western-backed government, specifies Islam as a state religion, and Shari'a as the supreme law of the land, trumping any other law and article in the constitution? Meaning that e.g. apostasy and blasphemy is punished by death in Afghanistan today - not by Taliban, but by "our guys".
+Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
+Thanks for the reply, but it has been done before, like the Marshall Plan [wikipedia.org] or McArthur's occupantion [wikipedia.org] of Japan
+People with nothing to lose, become suicide bombers, people with children and a way to feed them, do not.
+Pretty pathetic (Score:3, Insightful)
+I am surprised to see the Guardian plunge to the depths of New of the World. I personally am shocked at soldiers killing other soldiers without trial, the use of 'deadly' surface to air missiles rather than the fluffy kind, and the carnage that is being caused by the Taliban to... er 2000 civilians (eh, I thought they were stronger than any time since 2001 so why target civilians, and why is it the fault of the US?). As for the supposedly massive collateral damage by the Allies, 195 people over 10 years is tragic but not huge. Even then it's a mix of French, Polish, British, etc that are at fault so it's not a targetted campaign. Worth quoting a paragraph not unsurprisingly near the end:
+."
+Phillip.
+Re:Pretty pathetic (Score:5, Interesting)
+Do you think Julian waves his hand and documents appear?
+He gets documents from people inside the war machine, those sources are able to tell him what parts would be detrimental to the people on the field.
+Who elected Martin Luther King? Who elected Gandhi? Who elected Mohter Theresa? They do what they think is right to make a better world.
+What's your age? Like sixteen / seventeen? Grow up! Now get off my lawn!
+Conflicted (Score:4, Insightful)
+Similarly a New Yorker piece [newyorker.com]commented on the leaked video and noted that
+Another article [fas.org]
+Personally I don't like them (Score:4, Insightful)
+Secrets are sometimes necessary, and yes that includes to the government. As a simple example: Would you want a criminal getting a hold of information relating to an active investigation against them? How about the locations and identities of people in witness protection?
+If you think any of that should be kept secret, then you agree that secrets can be necessary, including for the government. In that case the question is when should they be allowed to keep a secret. Then you have to start exercising discretion about what you release. You need to weigh the public's need to know versus the damage it could do.
+Wikileaks just wants to release any and everything. They don't seem to give any consideration as to public good or need, they just want to leak everything. That I cannot agree with, be it for public or private entities. Anyone who says "There should be no secrets," is just the other side of the "If you've done nothing wrong you have nothing to hide," coin.
+Also, as noted, they seem to have a political agenda. The helicopter video is a great example. It is possible that you could feel the public needed to know about it. Fine, but then the unaltered, uncommented video would be what to release. If you really believe the public needs to see what happened then that is what to show them. The unedited truth. When you edit and comment on it, you are trying to use it as a tool to present a point of view. You aren't interested in telling the truth, you are interested in pushing an agenda.
+Using facts to do that doesn't make it any better. Bill Orielly is nearly always factual in his presentation. He rarely fabricates stuff. However it isn't true. What he does is pick and choose the facts he likes, and choose how to frame them to push a point of view. So while it isn't lying per se, it is still misleading. Wikileaks seems to be willing to do the same.
+So between those two things, I really can't support them. They try to pretend to be the good guys but to me their actions do not show them in that light.
+Re:Personally I don't like them (Score:5, Informative)
+Would you want a criminal getting a hold of information relating to an active investigation against them?
+In fact, sometimes we do, in countries where people are labeled "criminals" for being members of the wrong political groups or other abuses of human rights.
+Wikileaks just wants to release any and everything
+In fact, the Wikileaks volunteers do review the material that is submitted to them to ensure that it is not personal information about someone or other private information. They are not there to "release everything," they are there to release information that is of political or historical interest that some group of people is deliberately trying to keep secret from the public. You may disagree with that specific goal, but the least you could do is refrain from criticizing Wikileaks for things that they do not do.
+Fine, but then the unaltered, uncommented video would be what to release.
+They did release it, so what is your point? The commentary on the video is their own take on it, but do not present this as them trying to hide the truth from people -- anyone can download an unedited copy.
+Re:Conflicted (Score:5, Informative)
+Frankly, given that the US government has a plan in place to discredit Wikileaks (which was, of course, leaked on Wikileaks), any article which takes an overtly negative tone of Wikileaks is immediately suspect. Anything that criticizes Wikileaks without at least mentioning that it is an organization of loosely connected volunteers should be taken with a grain of salt. There is a lot of misinformation about Wikileaks, and we really should not be perpetuating it.
+Re:Conflicted (Score:5, Insightful)
+Yes, because without secrets the populous might have to face up to the mayhem their elected officials cause.
+One wonders... (Score:5, Insightful)
+Worse, even if we were having it all our way in military terms, our best case scenario seems to be installing our ridiculously corrupt and dubiously competent puppet leader sufficiently securely that we can leave before he gets overthrown. Given what happened in Iran when our ridiculously corrupt and dubiously competent puppet leader fell, this strategy seems to have a strong structural weakness.
+Re:One wonders... (Score:5, Insightful)
+Y'know what really puts the 300 billion figure in perspective? That the GDP of Afghanistan is ~13 billion. If you can't crush an adversary like a bug for almost a quarter-century's worth of its GDP(and that is comparing your military expenditures vs. their entire economy) there is some part of you technique that you really need to take a hard look at..
+To be fair, the US military could trivially crush Afghanistan by pattern-bombing it with nukes. The trouble is that 'destroying the country in order to save it' would be a little difficult to justify to American voters and Afghanistan's neighbours.
+The real issue is that Americans really don't care about Afghanistan, but no politico is yet willing to say 'this was a stupid idea and we're leaving'. If 'crushing' the country really mattered they'd have done it long ago, but it doesn't.
+Re: (Score:3, Interesting)
+Something tells me you could have sold it to the American voter on September 12th 2001.
+Probably, but at that point there was still the prospect of walking into Afghanistan, grabbing bin Laden and getting out; the US government took a few years to realise what a disaster they'd caused by not doing just that. If they'd been willing to lose enough troops to do the job then it could all have been over in a few weeks, but by using Afghan mercenaries to take most of the casualties they pretty much guaranteed that bin Laden would be allowed to get away.
+Re: (Score:3, Insightful)
+I spent 21 years in the US military. It's the best military in the world, bar none.
+But... It's a tool. To put it in perspective, a B787 is far advanced compared to the Titanic... But a fleet of them could not have influenced the disaster when the Titanic sank.
+Like a 787, the US military is a tool finely honed to a specific purpose, which was to win a European theater mass war. To apply this tool to the one-on-one guerrilla fighting that is Afghanistan means to retrain and requip every troop, and to rewri
+Re:One wonders... (Score:5, Insightful)
+How do you know that? What other militaries have you served in to which you can compare your experience and declare one to be the best?
+Re:One wonders... (Score:5, Informative)
+Part of the process of making a soldier consists of inbuing them with an exceptionally strong sense of group and belonging to the group: it's well know that in the thick of it men do not fight above all for their countries they fight above all for their mates.
+Thus it's not surprising that an (ex-)member of a military outfit will belief that "(we) are the best".
+I've seen the same thing in some ex-high-school colleagues of mine, years later when we had a reunion, after they had been in the Portuguese special forces.
+The US isn't trying to crush them (Score:5, Interesting)
+There's a big difference. The US military is the best of the best at destroying shit. If things need to get blown up, people need to die, etc, they can do it quickly and professionally. Never before has there been a military with such raw power.
+What the US military is not good at is conquest, going in and taking a place over. For that you need lots and lots of troops on the ground, and a willingness to be fairly ruthless. None of that guarantees a conquest is successful, of course, history is full of people pushing out oppressors, but it is needed for it to work. That's not what the US army does, never has except for maybe in Japan in WWII.
+So what they US army can do, and has done well, is act as an army of liberation. A country has a powerful occupying force, the US can smash that force and liberate the populace. France in WWII is a good example. That is what the US tried to do in Afghanistan and Iraq. Come in, toss out the assholes in power.
+The problem is that liberation only works when people want to be liberated, and are willing to work for it. It worked in France because of two reasons:
+1) The French people wanted the Germans out, pretty much to a man. There weren't a whole lot of Nazi supporters there, relative to the total population.
+2) They were willing to work together. When the Nazis were kicked out, the worked as a country to untie and rebuild. They understood that freedom meant sacrifices.
+This is not the case in Afghanistan. It is a very, very tribal mindset over there. For the most part people care about what is good for them and their tribe. There is little sense of national identity, little cohesion. To them, freedom means freedom to take your neighbour's shit and make your tribe richer/stronger. As such liberation is near impossible. They aren't willing to work for it.
+So if the objective was to kill every person in the country, I've no doubt the US military could accomplish that goal quickly and efficiently, with little loss on their own part. That's not the goal though.
+Re:The US isn't trying to crush them (Score:5, Interesting)
+This is a very important point, one of Sun Tzu's keys to victory and the most important was what was translated as "the moral law". The moral law was a populations willingness to follow a leader, in WWII most of Europe was willing to follow the Allies or Stalin rather then Hitler. Same with the Pacific, the Filipinos, Indonesians and Thais happily threw off Japanese rule in favour of the Americans at their first opportunity.
+It wasn't the US Army who shot Nazi collaborators when they liberated Holland, the Dutch did.
+Re:One wonders... (Score:4, Informative)
+The problem is Pakistan. There's a safe haven of Islamic militants across the border. Even the Pakistani government doesn't know what to do with them. Even worse, approval ratings for the Taliban and Osama Bin Laden are in the 35-50 percent range in Pakistan - which is, no doubt, concentrated in the tribal north west. When we're the demonized "evil West trying to destroy Islam" and the Taliban is "one of them" - i.e. fanatical muslims who "just want to implement God's government on earth", even when it means throwing acid in women's faces for wearing the wrong clothing. When they're that mired in conspiracy and in-group loyalty, it can be difficult to win a war.
+2007 Poll: "According to poll results, bin Laden has a 46 percent approval rating...al Qaeda has a 43 percent approval rate; the Taliban has a 38 percent approval rate; and local radical extremist groups had an approval rating between 37 percent to 49 percent." [cnn.com]
+PR (Score:4, Insightful)
+Is Wikileaks now part of the PR machine? The feeling you're obviously supposed to take away with you from this is: Americans are fighting an uphill battle and are lost against the steadily increasing forces of terrorism it tried to root out.
+When in reality Americans rolled in there ridiculously outnumbering and, more importantly, ridiculously out-being-equipped the mostly half-civilian rabble that dared stand up against them. There is no Afghan War. A war implies two sides fighting, not one waltzing in with vastly superior technomagic, while the other one is hiding, showing their heads, getting beat to a pulp, running for cover and getting shot in the back, until the next round of civilians gets fed up with sights like that and picks up their weapons to meet a similar fate.
+Much more importantly, this isn't the right question at all. It shouldn't be "Why is this so difficult?" but "Why are we over there, taking their stuff and murdering everyone who so much as raises his voice against us? And shouldn't we be stopping that?" We demanded it. We were promised it. Success. We did our thing and now we don't care anymore. So it doesn't happen. Yay us, yay humanity. We make me sick.
+Fuck me and fuck every single one of you. If I had three wishes I'd wish for a plague on all our houses, then a deluge, and a rinse-repeat.
+Look away, citizens! (Score:5, Insightful)
+Citizens and proud patriots of America, look away! Such things are not for your eyes. It is not for you to know how our war (done on your behalf, my steadfast Americans!) is going. Such things will only hurt the morale of our troops--and recruitment numbers! We beseech you, our countrypeople, you have no right to any of this information, for we do not belong to you--you belong to us.
+So what *is* there? (Score:5, Informative)
+As it often seems to be the case on
+/., the discussion centers around "talking points" conveniently fed by originator based on fairly clear /. views and agenda.
+So, I went and began reading these reports. My impression is that these do have operational value, and are probably of some interest to military buffs (and certainly to enemy intelligence, though they probably knew most of that anyway). What I did not find in these reports is 1) any particularly unvarnished picture that differs markedly of what my impression of war in Afghanistan was until now based on otherwise available data 2) any real insight into why the war is going the way it is
+I think, in fact, that both these points were answered many times in variety of other media and in other types of discourse.
+My personal opinion is that other than sensationalist value, primarily due to the fact that classified information has been released, there isn't much here that will further any decent causes in our world. There is, however, a clear boon to stature of mr. Assange and his site and he is the one that benefits the most.
+Since it is clear that he let his original source in US military down (essentially letting him be a fall guy who will probably be charged with various offenses), I think it is safe to say that mr. Assange is in it for himself and himself alone.
+For my part, I will not patronize or support his venture. While in theory openness is good, it is only good if it is for the right reason. "Openness" for the sake of personal ulterior motives is just as bad if not worse than what it purports to fight.
+Re:So what *is* there? (Score:5, Insightful)
+Please correct me if I've lost track of this whole snafu, but if your source blabs to someone else that he's leaking military secrets, and that someone else turns your source over to the military, how are you the guy who let him down?
+Can anyone figure out what the mission is? (Score:3, Interesting)
+I know, according to the official story, the original mission was to go to Afghanistan and kick the Taliban out of power and get Osama Bin Laden.
+I don't really think that's the mission right now. I haven't heard anything about Osama Bin Laden in quite a while. What exactly are they trying to do? Perhaps these documents can shed some light on that?
+Re:Oil... (Score:4, Funny)
+There is no oil in Bumfuckistan. Only rocks, more rocks, even more rocks, religious nutters and poppy plants.
+Re:Oil... (Score:4, Insightful)
+There is a lot of money in those poppies...
+Re:Oil... (Score:5, Informative)
+There's lots and lots of rare (and less rare) metals, it's the saudi arabia of lithium [dailymail.co.uk]. According to wikipedia [wikipedia.org] = "[Lithium is used in] high strength-to-weight alloys used in aircraft, and lithium batteries. Lithium also has important links to nuclear physics." They discovered this right before the war by the way, but I'm sure that's all coincidental.
+Re:300 billion dollars is chump change... (Score:5, Insightful)
+Nobody with half a brain ever believed that the war in Afghanistan was "to fight the Taliban and spread democracy". But that's beside the point.
+Nobody is going to be getting any of that trillion dollars worth of minerals any time soon. Maybe never. Afghanistan has absolutely no infrastructure and even the most optimistic estimates say it would take decades. Of course, before you can even start doing that you have the problem of the inane lunatics who couldn't care less about about minerals, peace, prosperity, democracy or anything else, and only care about killing anyone who doesn't share their insane lunatic ideology. After 9 years and $300 Billion the U.S. has made no progress in changing this. In other words, if you're hoping to open a big Lithium mine, don't hold your breath.
+Re:Criminal (Score:5, Insightful)
+Regardless of the politics involved, this information was classified and it was marked as such. It was disclosed illegally and the newspapers (at least NYT) have a legal obligation to not print it.
+You don't know what you're talking about.
+Newspapers have, in the past, published classified documents which were "disclosed illegally".
+FFS, the NY Times went front page with the Pentagon Papers [wikipedia.org] in 1971.
+The Government tried to silence them and it went all the way to the Supreme Court [wikipedia.org]
+Since I'm telling you that you don't know what you're talking about, it should be obvious how the case was decided..
+The only reason the NYT is "interpreting the content and publishing summaries" is due to the enormous volume of information.
+There are guidelines for classifying data that determine the classification level based upon how much damage (often in terms of lives lost) that the disclosure would cause.
+What we've seen time and time again (the Pentagon Papers are only one of the more famous examples) is that the US Government will break the law and/or lie to its citizens, then classify the evidence and punish any attempts at whistleblowing.
+Or have you forgotten about things like the retroactive legalization of otherwise unconstitutional warrantless wiretapping?
+Legalization which only came about after the whistle was blown and the public was outraged.
+Investigation: CERES
+Data Product: Monthly TOA/Surface Averages (SRBAVG)
+Data Set: Terra
+Data Set Version: Edition2.
+The Monthly TOA/Surface Averages (SRBAVG) archival data product contains the next generation of monthly mean gridded global Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) data averaged globally. These data represent a major improvement over previous data sets such as the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) and the CERES ERBE-like products (ES-4 and ES-9) in several key aspects. First, the accuracy of TOA flux is greatly improved by the use of new angular distribution models (ADM) based on improved scene identification (for more details, see: SSF TOA flux Data Quality Summary). Second, high temporal resolution imager data from geostationary satellites are used to reduce temporal sampling errors. Finally, the SRBAVG product is the first ERB data set to contain detailed cloud properties that are consistent with the fluxes.
+The SRBAVG product contains monthly and monthly hourly regional, zonal, and global averages of the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and surface longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and Window (WN) fluxes and the observed cloud conditions. The regional means for each 1° equal-angle grid box are calculated by first interpolating each parameter between the times of the CERES observations in order to produce a complete 1-hourly time series for the month. After interpolation, the time series is used to produce mean parameters on two time scales. Monthly means are calculated using the combination of observed and interpolated parameters from all days containing at least one CERES observation. Monthly hourly means are produced from the time series by dividing the data into 24 local hour bins to define a monthly mean diurnal cycle.
+Two methods of interpolation are used to produce two separate sets of monthly means. The first method (termed non-GEO) interpolates the CERES observations using the assumption of constant meteorological conditions similar to the process used to average CERES ERBE-like data. This technique provides the user with monthly fluxes that are more readily compared with the ERBE-like fluxes. These fluxes represent an improvement to ERBE-like fluxes due to improvements to input fluxes, scene identification, and directional models of albedo. The second interpolation method (GEO) uses 3-hourly radiance and cloud property data from geostationary imagers to more accurately model variability between CERES observations. This technique represents a major advancement in the reduction of temporal sampling errors (Young et al. 1998).
+CERES data input to the SRBAVG Subsystem is the Monthly Gridded TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SFC) product that contains gridded data from the Single Scanner Footprint TOA/Surface Fluxes and Clouds (SSF) archival data product. Geostationary data are input from the Geostationary Narrowband Radiances (GEO) data product. There is one SRBAVG product produced for each CERES instrument. There are plans for multi-satellite SRBAVG products in the future, which are currently available for the CERES-ERBElike product.
+SRBAVG contains the following data on regional, zonal, and global bases. The mean, standard deviation, and number of points used in the averaging process are provided for each parameter:
+A full list of parameters on the SRBAVG is contained in the
+CERES
+Data Product Catalog (PDF) and a full definition of each parameter will be
+contained in the SRBAVG Collection Guide (in preparation).
+[A Portable Document Format (PDF) reader (such as Adobe Acrobat Reader) is required to open and view PDF documents.]2D SRBAVG" or "CERES Terra FM2 Edition2D SRBAVG."
+The purpose of User Applied Revisions is to provide the scientific community early access to algorithm improvements which will be included2D SRBAVG1 parameters.
+For the SRBAVG1 TOA SW Fluxes (Up), users should utilize the following equation:
+The SRBAVG1 TOA SW Fluxes (Up) are listed below:
+For the SRBAVG1 TOA Albedos, users should utilize the following equation:
+The SRBAVG1 TOA Albedos are listed below:
+For the SRBAVG1 TOA Net Fluxes, users should utilize the following equation:
+The SRBAVG1 TOA Net Fluxes are listed below:
+For the SRBAVG1 Sfc Net SW Fluxes, users should utilize the following equation:
+The SRBAVG1 Sfc Net Fluxes are listed below:
+For the SRBAVG1 Sfc Down SW Fluxes, no correction should be applied, and thus:
+The SRBAVG1 Sfc Down Fluxes are listed below:2D SRBAVG data set, users should refer to the data as Terra Edition2D-Rev1 SRBAVG.
+The CERES Science Team notes several CAUTIONS regarding the use of CERES-Terra Edition 2D SRBAVG data:
+The Terra RAPS mode instrument based SRBAVG Ed2D "Total-sky SW flux - GEO" was computed with insufficient GEO/CERES matches during the SW normalization process. This caused a 0.5 Wm-2 global mean deficit and a ~ 4 Wm-2 regional monthly mean rms error. The "Total-sky SW flux - GEO" net flux is also effected. This error has been corrected in the Aqua RAPS mode GEO-product. This error can be avoided by using the Terra XTRK instrument GEO-product. There is a scheduled reprocessing of the Terra SRBAVG product to correct this error and should be available Summer 2007. CERES Science Team has provided the following HELPFUL HINTS regarding the use of CERES-Terra Edition 2D SRBAVG data:
+The SRBAVG products are in HDF format. The SRBAVG files may be accessed at (Langley DAAC CERES products). A subset of the SRBAVG products can be accessed on the GEWEX homepage. Monthly global plots of the SRBAVG parameters can be viewed on the CERES-TISA web site () under SRBAVG comparisons.
+There are SRBAVG files for each of the 5 CERES instruments. The PFM is on TRMM, FM1 & FM2 are on Terra, and FM3 & FM4 are on Aqua. The Edition3 products will have a combined Terra and Aqua satellite product during the overlap time period.
+CERES surface fluxes include SW, LW, and WN (Window) surface downwelling and net fluxes using two surface parameterization algorithms (Model A and B). CERES does not measure the surface fluxes directly; they are calculated using parameterizations based on CERES TOA fluxes, cloud properties, and GEOS atmospheric vertical model profiles. For each hourly increment, the surface flux is computed from the SRBAVG GEO time series of TOA fluxes, whether observed or interpolated, over the course of a month. The monthly statistics are then taken from the hourly surface fluxes, The SW analytical correction is applied to the SW surface daily fluxes. There are no Model A all-sky algorithms and therefore all the model A all-sky fluxes are set to default. The SSF and SRBAVG use the same algorithm to obtain surface fluxes. Further information on the Model A and B fluxes is located on the Terra Edition2B SSF Data Quality Summary.
+The SRBAVG1 product contains the apriori regional IGBP surface type percentages, altitude, LW and WN emissivities. The monthly mean snow/ice percentage and GEOS atmospheric profile precipitable water are also included. The 0.63µm aerosol visible optical depth is the combined land and water based on (Edition 2) SSF-137 and 151. The 1.6µm aerosol visible optical depth is based on (Edition 2) SSF-154. primary goal of the SRBAVG product is to provide climate quality monthly mean fluxes and cloud properties. In order to achieve this, the temporal sampling errors inherent in any satellite observing system must be eliminated. For CERES, this is accomplished using narrowband imager data from geostationary satellites to provide additional information about the diurnal variations of fluxes and clouds. Flux/cloud consistency is maintained by using the CERES observations to normalize the less accurate narrowband data. In addition, care is taken to produce GEO cloud properties as consistent as possible with the MODIS retrievals. The validation studies have been designed to assess the accuracy of the resulting monthly means.
+The results of pre-launch validation of the interpolation techniques used to produce the SRBAVG can be found in Young et al. 1998. This study demonstrated that the inclusion of GEO data reduces interpolation errors in instantaneous LW and SW TOA fluxes by more than 50%. Global monthly mean fluxes are generally unchanged on the average, but large corrections can occur for regions with poor temporal distribution of observations. Using GEO data also provides great improvement in estimates of the monthly mean diurnal cycle.
+The user should consult the SSF Data Quality Summary for information on the accuracy of the Instantaneous CERES data used as input to the SFC and SRBAVG.
+The primary goal of including narrowband GEO imager data is the improvement of the temporal interpolation of TOA and surface fluxes. The interpolation involves several steps:
+Young et al. 1998 demonstrated that flux interpolation errors are reduced an extra 10% if GEO-derived cloud properties are used for ADM selection. For this purpose, the key cloud parameter is cloud fraction, which is the property that can be most accurately derived from GEO data. Optical depth is also important for the selection of proper ADM for SW data. The simple 2-channel (0.6 and 10.8 µm) algorithm used for deriving GEO cloud properties is sufficient for this purpose.
+However, a secondary goal for GEO cloud properties is to produce properties consistent with MODIS to assist in defining diurnal variations of cloud properties that are missed by limited satellite sampling. This is accomplished by first normalizing the calibration of each GEO imager to the well-calibrated MODIS imager using the methods of Minnis et al. 2002a & b. The GEO retrievals are a subset of the multiple channel MODIS algorithms and they share common input maps of surface emissivity and reflectance and atmospheric data.
+Some differences will remain between MODIS and GEO retrievals due to the limited number of GEO channels. In particular, nighttime retrievals are based on only the 10.8 µm channel. Cloud height correction based on optical depth cannot be performed on these nighttime data. Daytime optical depths are also lower for GEO due to the effects of decreased spatial resolution and more retrievals from larger viewing zenith angles. For this reason, the SRBAVG includes monthly mean cloud properties with and without the GEO data.
+A summary of the MODIS/GEO cloud property differences is presented in Table 1. The comparison is based on MODIS and GEO cloud properties averaged on a 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid that were observed within 15 minutes of each other. Comparisons have been performed separately for each month of Terra data and for each GEO satellite. Table 1 includes the 36-month average from March 2000 to February 2003 for all GEO satellites.
+In general, the cloud fractions agree well for daytime scenes over ocean surfaces. Daytime retrievals over land show the greatest discrepancy with GEO cloud amount greater by 9%. This occurs primarily at large viewing zenith angles, but the cause of this difference is unclear and is being investigated. At night only the 11 µm channel is used to determine GEO clear-sky pixels. The optical depths compare well, with the expected low bias for GEO due to the larger pixels (4 km versus 1 km for MODIS) and retrievals from high viewing angles. The largest errors are in the cloud temperature retrievals. In the daytime, the cloud temperature is underestimated as a result of the underestimate of optical depth. At night, no optical depth correction can be applied to the cloud temperature. This leads to a large overestimate of temperature for thin clouds. Fortunately, cloud temperature is only used for placing clouds into layers and is not used in ADM selection.
+Using the MODIS imager as a calibration source has minimized inter-satellite differences. This has been verified by comparing neighboring satellite GEO radiances at the bisecting longitude. Table 2 presents the MODIS-GEO cloud amount difference and monthly rms in parenthesis for GOES, GMS, and METEOSAT averaged over the first 36-month Terra period. No statistics are given for GOES-10 land, since there are very few land regions in the GOES-10 field of view. On average, the daytime MODIS-GEO differences are within 4% for ocean and twice that for land among the various satellites. In general the METEOSAT satellite cloud amounts are consistent with one another as well as the GOES satellite cloud amounts. The GEO visible radiances have been calibrated over oceans in order to mitigate the effects of the spectral response function between GEO satellites. The month-to-month MODIS-GEO cloud amount variation is within 1% for all GEO satellites over ocean, which suggests that calibrating GEO imagers relative to MODIS is an effective means of producing consistent cloud retrievals over time. The larger month-to-month variations over land indicate seasonal variations in the clear-sky albedo. The inter-satellite variations are larger than the month-to-month variations. The cause of this error is likely due to spectral differences between MODIS and the GEO imagers.
+Additional cloud property comparisons can be made with the ISCCP D2 product to assure reasonable SRBAVG parameter values. The ISCCP D2 product contains monthly cloud amount, optical depth and temperature obtained from the same GEO satellites. The SRBAVG GEO and ISCCP cloud parameters are based on the 0.65 µm visible (VIS) and 11µm (IR) channels during the day and IR only at night. The GEO and ISCCP optical depths are based on the visible radiance based on a similar effective particle size for ice and water clouds. Both ISCCP and SRBAVG GEO cloud top temperatures have been adjusted according to the cloud emittance based on cloud optical depth during the day. However, there are differences in the two products, which should be kept in mind, when doing comparisons. The ISCCP D2 product normalizes night-time cloud amount, cloud top temperature and pressure with the day-time derived cloud counterparts. The SRBAVG GEO computes monthly cloud property means from hourly increments or hourboxes. The hourboxes are first filled in with the 3-hourly GEO cloud observations and then filled with the MODIS cloud observations, the latter taking precedence. The observed cloud parameters are then interpolated to fill in all missing hourboxes. The SRBAVG GEO night-time cloud parameters are not normalized to the daytime cloud parameters. Given these facts, ISCCP and SRBAVG GEO cloud properties are best compared from those measured during the day. The ISCCP daytime values are the mean of the 15 daytime cloud types (D2 parameters # 41d to 115d). The SRBAVG GEO values are means from the daytime monthly hourly averages for each region. Only regions between 60°S and 60°N are utilized, which is the extent of the GEO field of view. The ISCCP D2, SRBAVG2 GEO and SRBAVG3 MODIS (non-GEO) 60°N to 60°S daytime monthly mean cloud amounts, optical depths, and temperatures are shown in Fig. 1. Individual monthly global difference maps are displayed at the following web site (http:earth-) under SRBAVG & ISCCP comparisons.
+The ISCCP and GEO March 2000 to February 2003 60°N to 60°S daytime cloud amounts are within 1.4% (Fig. 1a). The MODIS and GEO cloud amount difference is 2.8% and is consistent from month to month. The MODIS is based on the 10:30 local equatorial crossing time of Terra, whereas the GEO samples every 3 hours during the day. Differences include the land afternoon convection and the diurnal variations of maritime stratus clouds. The ISCCP and GEO optical depth means are nearly identical, however there are pronounced seasonal and regional variations. The MODIS optical depths (Fig. 1b) are 0.4 greater than the GEO, which can be attributed to the difference in pixel size. Regionally the GEO optical depth is smaller over land and southern oceans. The ISCCP cloud temperature is 4.7° K colder than GEO (Fig. 1c). The ISCCP thin cirrus is much colder than GEO or MODIS. The GEO cloud temperature is 1.3° K warmer than MODIS and the monthly differences are very consistent. In general the ISCCP cloud properties are similar to the SRBAVG GEO product. Note the relative smoothness of the MODIS-GEO differences relative to the ISCCP-MODIS difference for all parameters. This smoothness reinforces the GEO cloud properties are consistent with MODIS.
+There are several significant differences between the ES-4, SRBAVG non-GEO and SRBAVG GEO monthly fluxes. Many have been mentioned under Caution and Helpful Hints and difference between the 3 categories of monthly mean flux products. To evaluate the effects of the improved ADM and directional models, the ERBE-like, ES-4 and SRBAVG non-GEO global fluxes are compared. Individual monthly global difference maps are displayed at the following web site (http:earth-) under SRBAVG and ES-4 comparisons. The all-sky and clear-sky longwave and shortwave global monthly mean fluxes are shown in Fig. 2.
+The non-GEO global all-sky longwave is 1.3 Wm-2 less than the ERBE-like (Fig. 2a). This difference is attributed to the CERES longwave ADMs, since the longwave fluxes are temporally interpolated between measurements in the same manner for both ERBE-like and non-GEO. This difference is also consistent zonally, indicating that the net effect of the CERES ADMs is lower fluxes than ERBE-like for most scene types. The GEO all-sky longwave flux is 0.6 Wm-2 less than the non-GEO and the difference is greatest over desert regions (Fig. 2a). The non-GEO clear-sky land regions are temporally interpolated using a daytime half sine model and a constant night-time flux regressed onto observed fluxes. The GEO fluxes are greater in the early morning than those estimated assuming a constant night time flux. This effect is more dominant than the daytime heating peak being underestimated by the half sine model. All observed longwave clear-sky fluxes are temporally interpolated regardless of cloud amount. The ERBE-like and non-GEO fluxes identify clear scenes differently. The ERBE-like clear-sky thresholds are based entirely on the broadband fluxes, whereas the CERES cloud mask is based on the MODIS imager. The ERBE scene identification over snow was less than ideal and the ice coverage over the southern ocean was not taken into account, whereas CERES uses daily snow and sea ice maps. ERBE uses a zonal longwave clear-sky threshold, making it difficult to classify cold clear-sky land and humid ocean scenes as clear. ERBE-like retains the ERBE 2.5° grid increasing the area that is considered coastal, where scene identification is more difficult than over homogeneous geo-types. Overall the global 3-year non-GEO clear-sky longwave flux is 0.4 Wm-2 less than the ERBE-like (Fig. 2b). However the non-GEO/ERBE-like LW difference changes seasonally ±1.5 Wm-2 and regional differences can be quite large especially over snow. The GEO LW clear-sky flux is 2.3 Wm-2 less than the non-GEO flux and is constant over time. Again the greatest differences occur over clear-sky land where the diurnal heating is strong. The GEO clear-sky fluxes are also colder over very cloudy southern oceans and are being investigated.
+The non-GEO global all-sky shortwave flux is 1.8 Wm-2 less than the ERBE-like (Fig. 2c). The difference in shortwave flux is a result of the differences in the CERES and ERBE ADM and directional models. There is a distinct zonal variation in the shortwave flux difference. The non-GEO fluxes are greater than ERBE-like in the overhead sun zones. The non-GEO subtropical maritime stratus regions off of the west coast of continents are darker than ERBE-like in general. The mid-latitude summer ocean non-GEO regions are darker than their ERBE counterpart. The CERES directional models in these high albedo regions are less a function of solar zenith angle than the ERBE models. The GEO/non-GEO SW flux differences should reveal large regional variations, when they become available, since the 10:30 AM Terra orbit misses the land afternoon convection and the afternoon reduction of maritime stratus clouds. The non-GEO global clear-sky shortwave flux is 1.9 Wm-2 greater than ERBE-like (Fig. 2d). The seasonal ERBE-like/non-GEO difference varies from -3.1 to 0.5 Wm-2. This is mainly due to differences in the identification of clear-sky over snow, which were discussed in the previous paragraph. Also the ERBE-like clear-sky albedo is contaminated over maritime stratus regions and the effects of the large ERBE-like coastal regions are easily identified.
+The global net 3-year flux means are summarized in Table 3. The global net flux imbalance is addressed in the next section. The SRBAVG Edition2D-Rev1 user applied revisions have been implemented on the CERES ERBE-like, non-GEO, and GEO fluxes.
+CERES has gone to great lengths to reduce and quantify errors from each of the 9 critical "dimensions" of radiation balance observations: time, latitude, longitude, altitude, wavelength, solar zenith angle, viewing zenith angle, viewing azimuth angle, and absolute calibration. In general, these error sources have been reduced to 1 Wm-2 or less for global averages. But after all of the elements of the radiation balance have been worked, there remains a final sanity check: global annual average energy balance.
+Table 4 below summarizes our current understanding of both known global average systematic errors as well as 95% confidence bounds on errors for which the uncertainty has no known sign. The sign convention in the table is that the systematic errors are signed positive if they tend to "heat" the planetary energy system by either a) reducing upward TOA reflected solar (SW) or emitted thermal infrared (LW) flux, b) increasing solar insolation (solar constant), c) act to store heat in the oceans. Errors are shown both for the more accurate CERES non-GEO fluxes on the SRBAVG data product, as well as for the ERBE-like TOA fluxes on ES-4 and ES-9 products. In all cases, the SRBAVG Edition2D-Rev1 Terra FM1 instrument SW channel time series corrections have been made: they add 0.7 Wm-2 to global average SW flux for the first 3 years of the standard Edition2 CERES data products.
+In general, heat storage, solar insolation, and TOA SW reflected flux dominate the systematic errors. Almost all systematic errors appear as planetary heating in the global net balance. Some of the errors like diurnal sampling biases await final confirmation using combined global 1030 Terra, 130 Aqua, as well as 3-hourly and 1-hourly geostationary data sources for SW fluxes, and GERB 30-minute broadband data from METEOSAT for SW and LW flux diurnal cycles.
+When all errors are combined, CERES SRBAVG non-GEO global Net flux is 6.9 Wm-2 versus a predicted range of 1.3 to 6.1 Wm-2. The ERBE-like global net flux is 3.8 Wm-2 versus a predicted range of -3.1 to 1.7 Wm-2. The less accurate ERBE-like global net flux comes closer to zero. The reason, however, is not more accurate TOA fluxes, but fortuitous cancellation of errors of opposite sign. The ultimate goal is of course to get the right answer for the right physical reasons. For example, the improved CERES angular dependence models improve the accuracy of the equator to pole gradient of reflected SW fluxes, especially in polar regions.
+Until more of the systematic uncertainties are resolved and explicitly included in future data products, how should users modify the data to achieve the current best estimate of global TOA fluxes that are in agreement with ocean heat storage? Since SW flux uncertainties dominate the error budget for global net, the simplest current suggestion is to adjust all SW fluxes by a constant factor to achieve the required global net flux. For example, using CERES non-GEO, SW fluxes would be increased by a factor of (96.7 + 6.9 - 0.7) / 96.7 = 102.9 / 96.7 = 1.064. 96.7 is the FM1 SRBAVG Rev 1 non-GEO global average TOA SW flux from March 2000 through Feb 2003, 6.9 is the global imbalance, and 0.7 is the ocean heat storage estimate for the same three years. For CERES FM1 ERBE-like ES-4 or ES-9 fluxes, SW fluxes would be increased by (98.5 + 3.8 - 0.7) / 98.5 = 101.6 / 98.5 = 1.031. Note that all CERES and ERBE data products assume a solar constant value of 1365, and the adjustments above would not change this value.
+We note, however, that the simple adjustment suggested above assumes that the SW flux changes act as if they were a simple instrument gain factor and not dependent on latitude, solar zenith, or season. Examination of the error sources in the global net error budget table indicates that this approach is an oversimplification: for example effects that dominate near sunset/sunrise will show peak amplitude in the polar regions. As more is learned about the global net error sources, and more accurate later additions include these corrections, this data quality summary will be updated.
+The monthly global CERES SRBAVG GEO fluxes are used as reference and compared during 2000 to 2003 with the previously compared CERES ERBE-like and non-GEO fluxes in Fig 3. The SRBAVG GEO fluxes are also compared with other global datasets, which are generally known and publicly available. The other global datasets vary by the amount of observed or modeled input data to compute the TOA fluxes. Only the CERES project measures broadband TOA radiances directly. The differences between the 3 categories of CERES monthly product TOA fluxes have been previously explained. The GEWEX-SRB fluxes are based on narrowband to broadband from ISCCP radiances, GEOS-4 profiles, and ISCCP cloud properties. The ISCCP-FD fluxes are based on radiative transfer computations using TOVS profiles, and ISCCP cloud properties. NCEP-reanalysis and ECMWF-ERA40 are fluxes taken from Global Climate Models.
+Part of the difference in the TOA fluxes can be attributed to the spectral range of the SW and LW flux between the datasets. The CERES instrument measures the SW flux (0.2-5µm) and the LW flux (5-100µm). CERES also assumes a solar constant of 1365 Wm-2. Other datasets have differing spectral ranges and solar constants. No attempt has been made to normalize the fluxes. The comparison of the global net flux may be premature with the data presented here. The objective of this comparison is not to explain the differences, but to highlight the differences between the various products
+The monthly global CERES SRBAVG surface fluxes are used as a reference and compared during 2000 to 2003 with the datasets utilized in the TOA comparisons in Fig 4. The ISCCP-FD surface fluxes are based on radiative transfer computations using TOVS profile and ISCCP cloud properties. The NCEP-reanalysis and ECMWF-ERA40 are surface fluxes taken from Global Climate Models. The all-sky and clear-sky surface monthly mean fluxes of GEWEX-SRB, GEWEX-SRB-QC, ISCCP-FD, NCEP-reanalysis, ECMWF-ERA40 are compared with CERES-SRBAVG during 2000 to 2003 are shown in Figure 4. The GEWEX-SRB uses the Lazlo Pinker and Fu-Liou radiative algorithm to compute the SW and LW surface fluxes respectively, using GEOS profiles and ISCCP cloud properties. The GEWEX-SRB-QC uses the LPSA and LPLA, which are the same as the CERES-SRBAVG Model B algorithms, to compute SW and LW surface fluxes respectively, using GEOS profiles and ISCCP cloud properties. No discussion is presented on the differences other than to let the user note the differences between the datasets. It must be mentioned that the CERES does not measure the surface fluxes directly.
+3-hourly GEO derived broadband fluxes are introduced into the SRBAVG GEO dataset to account for the diurnal cycle not sampled by either the Terra (10:30 LT) or Aqua (1:30 LT) orbits in order to produce a climate quality regional and global monthly flux means. In order to implement the GEO fluxes, the GEO-derived fluxes must uphold the CERES instrument calibrations. Also, consistency between GEO and CERES TOA fluxes, cloud properties and surface fluxes should be maintained. For this edition (2D) the GEO-SW fluxes were obtained by implementing a SW regional normalization technique. This technique regressed instantaneous matched gridded fluxes from CERES and GEO over a month from the 5x5 surrounding regions. This technique eliminated all biases as a function of cloud amount, solar and view zenith angles as well as regional dependencies. The GEO-LW fluxes are identical to those values in Edition 2D and employ regional instantaneous normalization. All major aspects of the derivation of GEO fluxes have been examined. These aspects include GEO imager calibration, GEO cloud retrievals, narrowband-broadband conversion, ADMs and directional models, twilight correction, and GEO-CERES normalization.
+To ensure that the GEO derived fluxes were consistent with CERES and are not the cause of the net global imbalance in the SRBAVG GEO product, the GEO derived fluxes were validated using the following methods. The GEO normalized to Terra interpolated fluxes were compared with Aqua measured fluxes at Aqua observation times. One would expect better agreement with GEO than with the non-GEO product. Regional monthly mean GEO Terra Aqua differences were compared with their respective non-GEO means. The GEO visible (0.65 µm) and IR (11µm) radiances were artificially modified by ± 5%, well beyond the calibration accuracy of the GEO radiances, to test the effectiveness of the GEO-CERES normalization. The differences using 1-hourly and 3-hourly GEO data were evaluated. The GEO surface fluxes were compared with monthly means from 36 surface stations distributed across the globe. The GEO fluxes and associated cloud properties were compared for consistency against radiative transfer calculations. A principal component analysis was performed on the regional monthly GEO means to facilitate identifying any GEO artifacts. The GEO derived SW directional models were compared with the CERES-TRMM models. Each of the validation procedures is outlined below. An overall statistical summary is also given.
+In the Aqua Terra comparisons, the flux observations from one satellite are used as an independent data set to test the interpolated fluxes from the other and presented in Fig 5. The difference between the measured and interpolated fluxes represents at the measured time the collective error from GEO calibration, GEO cloud properties, NB-BB conversion, ADMs, and GEO-CERES normalization, assuming minimal Aqua Terra CERES flux differences (Fig. 5a). The Terra/Aqua time sampling difference can be as little as an hour at 60°N and 6 hours at 60°S. Instantaneous flux differences between 60°N to 60°S during July 2002 and February 2003 were computed for both GEO and non-GEO products. The SRBAVG Edition2D-Rev1 were not applied. The LW results were separated between day and night, since day and night differences tend to cancel each other out. Statistics are based on the mean from Terra interpolated (compared with Aqua measurements) and Aqua interpolated results. The instantaneous GEO RMS differences are 35.4 Wm-2 (14.6%) (Fig. 5c), 11.4 Wm-2 (4.6%) (Fig. 5e), and 11.4 Wm-2 (4.7%) (Fig. 5g), for SW, LW day, LW night respectively, which is a 50% reduction from non-GEO for both SW and LW. The magnitude of the 60°N-60°S mean SW bias for non-GEO was > 2% for ocean and land, but for GEO was < 1.1% (Fig. 5c). Globally the ocean and land biases offset each other. The LW GEO biases are comparable to the non-GEO except for a slight improvement in GEO over daytime deserts. There is a possible negative bias (~1.0% instantaneous) over deserts for GEO LW-night. Overall, the 60°N-60°S mean instantaneous SW and LW GEO differences are within 1%.
+The Aqua/Terra monthly mean fluxes were also tested for consistency between 60°N to 60°S during July 2002 and February 2003. The Edition2D-Rev1 corrections were applied to both Aqua and Terra monthly mean fluxes. The monthly mean regional GEO RMS differences are 4.1 Wm-2 (4.4%) and 2.3 Wm-2 (1.0%) for SW (Fig. 5h) and LW (Fig. 5i) respectively, a 60% and 30% respective reduction from non-GEO. The monthly mean 60°N-60°S SW GEO bias differences are 0.7 Wm-2 (0.7%) and are less than non-GEO by 50% (Fig. 5h). Although there is no discernable improvement (reduction in the bias) in the monthly mean 60°N-60°S LW GEO over non-GEO the bias is -0.4 Wm-2 (-0.2%) (Fig. 5i). The LW GEO fluxes at night over desert may be biased (-0.2% monthly). The Terra Aqua comparisons conclude that the GEO regional diurnal cycle error is 50% instantaneously and 30% monthly of that from the non-GEO product, while maintaining a bias of less than 1% (Fig. 5j).
+The GEO calibration sensitivity study measured the effectiveness of the GEO-CERES normalization. Without GEO-CERES normalization errors in the GEO calibration would directly impact the GEO fluxes, and ultimately the accuracy of the CERES monthly mean fluxes. GEO imager radiances are calibrated against MODIS, with an accuracy of 3-5% in the VIS and about 1% in the IR. The GEO visible channels do not have onboard calibration. In this test, the GEO radiances (first calibrated against MODIS) were artificially altered by ±5%, after which the GEO cloud analysis and GEO derived fluxes were reprocessed. This would represent a change of more than twice the expected calibration error. Modifying the GEO radiances also alters the cloud property retrievals. The monthly mean regional flux differences of (VIS+5%) - (VIS-5%) and (IR+5%) (IR-5%) were compared to assess a 10% change in calibration during July 2002 (Terra-based fluxes) (Fig. 6). The total-sky flux global bias difference is <0.1% (<1% regional RMS) for SW (Fig. 6b). SW regional differences can exceed 2% in limited areas. Areas of deep convection and at northern latitudes are affected. The all-sky LW (Fig. 6c) and clear-sky SW (Fig. 6d) bias and RMS differences are negligible. The clear-sky LW bias is -0.93 Wm-2 or 0.35% mainly due to IR calibration errors. The IR+5% case modified the cloud amount and thereby the LW clear-sky fluxes and causing a systematic bias. For the global mean flux, the GEO-CERES normalization removes any sensitivity to the GEO calibration.
+Currently, GEO-derived fluxes are based on 3-hourly GEO derived data. Although 1-hourly data is available, the inclusion of this data set is quite large. In order to justify the inclusion of hourly data there must be a significant improvement in monthly mean regional flux compared with the 3-hourly GEO flux. Just as important, there should be no global mean flux differences between the 1-hour and 3-hour datasets. The monthly mean all-sky regional fluxes were produced for both the 1-hourly and 3-hourly resolution GEO datasets for December 2002 (Fig. 7). The most significant SW regional differences occurred primarily in the glint regions (Fig. 7b). In convective regions the LW differences were noisier than elsewhere, and the only geographic features occurred over the Sahara and Tibet (Fig. 7c). The all-sky global flux bias difference is <0.1% for both SW and LW. The SW and LW RMS are 2.6 Wm-2 (2.5%) and 1 Wm-2 (0.4%) respectively. The 3-hourly GEO dataset sufficiently captures the regional diurnal cycle when compared with 1-hourly GEO.
+The ground site surface flux data is one of the few independent high-resolution broadband datasets available for comparison with CERES. The surface fluxes used in this study are available at the CERES ARM Validation Experiment (CAVE) website using ARM, SURFRAD, CMDL, and BSRN quality controlled surface radiometer networks. SRBAVG surface fluxes are only available on the GEO product. The CERES SRBAVG all-sky monthly surface fluxes are calculated with Model-B LPSA/LPLA (Gupta model). The LPSA SW surface fluxes are highly dependent on the TOA fluxes as well as cloud amount and optical depth. The LPLA LW surface fluxes are mainly a function of GEOS-4 lower atmospheric profiles and GEO/MODIS satellite derived cloud base heights. Although surface LW fluxes are independent from the TOA it is still worthwhile to check their accuracy. The GEO product surface fluxes are computed using both measured and interpolated TOA fluxes.
+The comparisons were performed for 32 globally distributed (Fig. 8a) stations from March 2000 to February 2003. The ground-based monthly mean surface fluxes are computed from 15-minute mean measurements of which 75% of all 15-minute bins had to be present. The SRBAVG monthly fluxes were inconsistent with ground-based measurements at two Antarctic 2 stations: Syowa and Georg von Neumeyer. It isn't fully understood why these Antarctic stations don't match well. This could be caused by the fact that ground-based measurements are point measurements and not necessarily representative of 1 x1 degree regions, such as coastal and mountainous sites. After the exclusion of the 2 inconsistent sites, the SW and LW bias is 7.3 Wm-2 (3.9%) and 0.5 Wm-2 (0.2%) (SRBAVG-ground) and the corresponding RMS is 21.1 Wm-2 (11.3%) and 9.7 Wm-2 (3.0%) respectively (Fig. 8c).
+The ground-based fluxes were then compared with instantaneous CERES-SSF footprint (20km nominal) Model B (SOFA) fluxes using the same LPSA/LPLA models. The comparison used the same ground site station fluxes with 63 months of Terra data from March 2000 to May 2005. The same two Antarctic sites were excluded. For the SSF surface footprint data, 1-minute averages were used. The SW and LW bias is 3.3% and -0.6% and the corresponding RMS is 15.0% and 7.4% respectively (Fig. 8d). The SW bias is ~3.5% for both SRBAVG and SOFA. The SW bias is large but consistent. We expect larger RMS errors because it is an instantaneous comparison. The monthly SRBAVG surface (Model B) regional and ground fluxes are within the bias and RMS errors derived from instantaneous CERES footprint Model B SOFA fluxes.
+To check the consistency between the fluxes, cloud properties, and atmospheric inputs, the computed TOA flux based on the MODIS/GEO cloud properties and GEOS atmospheric profiles from a radiative transfer model is compared to the measured flux. Future CERES-SYN (synoptic) products will include radiative transfer calculations. The CERES SARB (Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget) working group responsible for the SYN product has a tentative release set for the spring 2006. The radiative flux calculations are based on the Fu-Liou 2-stream SW, 4-stream LW, correlated-k algorithm. A preliminary SYN product was computed for July 2002 for an equatorial latitude band. Differences between CERES and model derived fluxes from MODIS cloud properties were compared with GEO and model derived fluxes from GEO cloud properties. The differences should be similar if there is consistency between GEO and CERES fluxes and MODIS and GEO cloud properties.
+Preliminary results show in Fig. 9 the instantaneous SW bias differences to be 3.6% and 4.5% for GEO and CERES respectively and the corresponding RMS is 18.0% and 10.8% (Fig. 9b). Although the GEO and CERES bias differences are 3.6% and 4.5%, respectively, they are significantly large. It is unclear what is causing the bias in SW comparison, but it is consistent with SARB results presented at the November 2005 CERES Science Team Meeting (, page 12). GEO SW fluxes underestimate the modeled fluxes for large fluxes. The CERES fluxes have the same tendency but less pronounced. Some differences are due to 2-channel GEO and 4-channel MODIS cloud retrievals. The instantaneous LW bias differences are shown to be <0.1% and 0.3% for GEO and CERES respectively and the corresponding RMS is 3.6% and 2.5% (Fig. 9c). Again, the bias differences are similar, although the difference between GEO and MODIS cloud emissivity is apparent. Only daytime GEO LW measured and modeled differences are used, since the GEO emissivity is set to one at night due to the limitation of the single IR channel retrieval. A more thorough study will be performed as soon as the SYN product becomes available. Preliminary radiative transfer model results show consistency between GEO and CERES fluxes and MODIS and GEO cloud properties (Fig. 9d).
+The introduction of GEO derived fluxes could cause systematic regional biases over long time periods, due to the unchanging GEO viewing geometry. In order for CERES to be used as a climate-type data set, the GEO-derived fluxes cannot contain any GEO artifacts. A Principal Component Analysis is used to identify potential GEO viewing geometry artifacts. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) were computed for 3 years (March 2000 to February 2003) of regional monthly mean LW and SW all-sky fluxes and demonstrated in Fig. 10. The first 10 EOF from GEO and non-GEO are compared (Fig. 10a). The non-GEO product is used as a reference since it would not contain any GEO artifacts. Upon analyzing the data it was found the first 6 SW (Fig. 10b,c) and first 10 LW (Fig. 10d,e) EOF for non-GEO and GEO were identical. The corresponding explained variances were 91.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Only after the 6th SW EOF did any differences occur in either the time series coefficients or in the regional variations (Fig. 10c). Although the remaining 4 SW EOF were different, no viewing GEO artifacts were found. This would imply that including the diurnal signal in the long-term monthly CERES datasets is not crucial. No GEO artifacts were identified in the principal component analysis.
+Since the GEO SW fluxes were normalized during TERRA observation times (10:30LT), it is important to evaluate the SW regional normalization technique at other times. Since directional models are a function that relates albedo to solar zenith angle (SZA), the GEO derived models can be compared with those derived from CERES. This comparison tests the consistency of the SZA dependence with each of the 5 (satellite) GEO derived directional models with the corresponding CERES-TRMM direction models. The GEO directional models were derived from 3-hourly GEO fluxes normalized with CERES-Terra fluxes during March 2000 to February 2003. The SZA functionality is robust across latitudes and local time. The ocean directional models are similar across GEO-satellites indicative of proper GEO calibration. Most differences can be attributed to GEO and MODIS cloud property differences for a given scene. Qualitatively, the GEO directional models are in very good agreement with the CERES models after normalization.
+The truest test of temporal interpolation techniques used to produce the SRBAVG monthly means would be a comparison with an independent high temporal resolution broadband instrument. The Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument on the METEOSAT Second Generation satellite will provide 15-minute full disc (nominal 60 km footprints) fluxes. Currently there are issues with the GERB data including CERES/GERB calibration differences and spectral correction uncertainties. It is expected the GERB fluxes will be released shortly. GERB will ultimately provide the best independent high-resolution data set for testing the interpolation of CERES data.
+Since Terra is in a sun-synchronous orbit, the temporal interpolation of SW fluxes cannot be tested using a comparison of the SRBAVG monthly means with an average of observed fluxes compiled over complete diurnal cycles, as was the case with the temporally precessing TRMM orbit. Results of direct integration performed on the TRMM SW fluxes are contained in the CER_SRBAVG_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2B Data Quality Summary.
+The comprehensive validation activities support that there were no systematic biases introduced when incorporating GEO fluxes into the SRBAVG product. The Terra Aqua instantaneous validation concludes that the GEO product reduces the regional diurnal flux error by 50% over the non-GEO product, which is based entirely on the CERES fluxes. Table 5 summarizes the RMS (regional) and bias (global) differences in percent.
+Future validation efforts will focus on estimation of temporal interpolation errors using high temporal resolution GERB data from the launched METEOSAT Second Generation satellite; more extensive comparisons of SRBAVG monthly mean surface fluxes with surface sites and the Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project; and consistency of SRBAVG fluxes and Fu-Liou radiative transfer derived TOA fluxes using SRBAVG cloud properties in conjunction with the CERES Surface and Atmosphere Radiation Budget (SARB) working group.
+An overview of the temporal interpolation and spatial averaging algorithms used for CERES can be found in the following reference:
+Kato, S., and N. G. Loeb, 2003: Twilight irradiance reflected by the earth estimated from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements, J. Climate, 16, 2646-2650.
+Minnis, P., L. Nguyen, D. R. Doelling, D. F. Young, W. F. Miller, and D. P. Kratz, 2002a:b: Rapid calibration of operational and research meteorological satellite imagers, Part II: Comparison of infrared channels. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 1250-1266.
+Loeb, N.G., K. Loukachine, N. Manalo-Smith, B.A. Wielicki, and D.F. Young, 2003: Angular Distribution Models for Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Flux Estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite. Part II: Validation, J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 1748-1769.
+Loeb, N.G., S. Kato, and B.A. Wielicki, 2002: Defining Top-of-the-Atmosphere Flux Reference Level for Earth Radiation Budget Studies, J. Climate, 15, 3301-3309.
+Willis, J.K., Roemmich, D. and B. Cornuelle, 2004: Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109 (C12): Art. No. C12036 DEC 30 2004.
+Young, D. F., P. Minnis. D. R. Doelling, G. G. Gibson, and T. Wong, 1998: Temporal Interpolation Methods for the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Experiment. J. Appl. Meteorol., 37, 572-590
+There is a scheduled reprocessing of the Terra SRBAVG product to remove the error in the SW normalization algorithm while the CERES instrument was in RAPS mode. Data should be available summer of 2007. A daily mean product of the SRBAVG1 parameters will also be available at that time. An ISCCP like cloud type product of MODIS and GEO cloud property retrievals stratified by ISCCP's cloud classification (7 atmospheric layers and 6 optical depth bins) is also planned.
+The CERES Team has gone to considerable trouble to remove major errors and to verify the quality and accuracy of this data. Please provide a reference to the following paper when you publish scientific results with the CERES TERRA Edition2D SRBAVG ASDC data are used in a publication, we request the following acknowledgment be included: "These data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center EOSDIS Distributed Active Archive Center."
+The Langley ASDC requests two reprints of any published papers or reports which cite the use.
+Document Creation Date: March 7, 2006
+Modification History: Sep 18, 2006; Feb 9, 2007
+Most Recent Modification: Feb 9, 2007
+Best Bowie knives
+THR
+>
+Tools and Technologies
+>
+Non-Firearm Weapons
+> Best Bowie knives
+PDA
+burnse
+January 20, 2009, 02:56 AM
+Could someone list the best bowie makers they know of? The more traditional looking, the better. Also, I am not too fond with most Cold Steel products, but if their bowies are really fantastic, let me know.
+If you enjoyed reading about "Best Bowie knives" here in TheHighRoad.org archive, you'll LOVE our community. Come join
+TheHighRoad.org
+today for the full version!
+Lone Star
+January 20, 2009, 09:43 AM
+Frankly, unless you are going to look at expensive handmades, I think you should consider Fallkniven.
+When you select "English" and see the main models display, select NL1 and NL2.Look hard at them. They balance beautifully in the hand.
+I think one or the other is what you may want. Here is a large pic of the NL-2:
+Fallkniven knives aren't cheap, but they do the job, and look good as well.
+You have the advantage that a university performs stress tests on them, and they are very strong. The Swedish Air Force issues their F-1 model as a pilot survival knife. They have also passed USAF and USN survival knife tests and are authorized for unit purchase. (F-1 and S-1 with the black blade option.)
+If you want a more practical size for most use than the big NL series, but still basic Bowie lines, see the S-1 and the A-1.
+Lone Star
+P.S. If you have limited funds, get a Buck Model 119.
+HoosierQ
+January 20, 2009, 09:56 AM
+Can't beat the Western Bowie. I've had mine since about 1969...got if for Christmas like Ralphie and his BB gun. "The best Christmas gift I ever received or ever would receive". Big, sharp, balanced, sturdy, and priced for a normal budget...maybe $125 bucks these days?
+Lone Star
+January 20, 2009, 10:00 AM
+Western is out of business, and their knives were of average quality.
+hso
+January 20, 2009, 11:34 AM
+Could someone list the best bowie makers they know of?
+"best" is an awfully vague word. What's your criteria? What's your price range? Production or handmade? What use do you intend to put it to? Which pattern of "traditional" Bowie? There's a lot implied in the word "best" that only you can know.
+There are knifemakers that produce "traditional" knives that will cost you a thousand dollars and those that will make them for a few hundred dollars. Do you want forged, which would be "traditional" or would stock reduction work for you?
+HoosierQ
+January 20, 2009, 12:57 PM
+I was afraid of that...Western out of business. I am sure happy with mine...it is sharp as a razor and holds an edge like crazy.
+hso
+January 20, 2009, 02:14 PM
+Western was part of Camillus and went when they did.
+burnse
+January 20, 2009, 02:41 PM
+"best" is an awfully vague word. What's your criteria?
+I am just curious as to who make some of the better (in quality) bowie knives which are designed as fairly historically accurate, or traditionally styled bowies. As far as my purchasing interests go, forged is certainly preferred and I am the type to buy a knife I can trust every day for the entirety of my life, but it can be production if it is good.
+So just keep 'em coming and bring pictures if you got 'em.
+Valkman
+January 20, 2009, 02:59 PM
+I make bowies in my 7" Super Camp and 6" Fighters. Here's a Super Camp with stag that I just made:
+Piraticalbob
+January 20, 2009, 03:30 PM
+If price is a concern, you can get some nice bowie knives from Atlanta Cutlery. () The bowies they make are handforged in India by Windlass Steelcrafts. The quality ranges from good to excellent. They aren't masterpieces handcrafted by artisans, but Atlanta Cutlery has a dozen different patterns available and none of them is priced over $100.
+Here is one, the 1850 coffin hilt:
+A.G. Russell sells a couple of bowies, also. You can check his website, you can search under the term "bowie" and come up with some good stuff, including the Bill Bagwell bowies made by Ontario Cutlery.
+In the end, you get what you pay for. If you wish to pay $5000 for a handcrafted bowie made of damascus steel, made by a Master Smith of the American Bladesmith Society, you certainly can do so. Not all of us have that much spare cash. :rolleyes:
+rklessdriver
+January 20, 2009, 03:53 PM
+I always liked Mike Wise. Hand forged just like in the old days. Top quality work and he is a super nice guy. Very reasonably priced.
+I have a few of his blades and have never been disapointed by them.
+Will
+burnse
+January 20, 2009, 04:13 PM
+for me, less than 500 would be great. Under 250 for a starter would be better.
+Valkman
+January 20, 2009, 04:22 PM
+Mine are $250 with "regular" handle materials, +$100 for stag or giraffe bone. I finished one last night (Super Camp) with killer spalted maple handles, $275 for that one but no sheath has been made yet. Custom leather sheaths run $50 extra.
+Travis Bickle
+January 20, 2009, 04:34 PM
+Also, I am not too fond with most Cold Steel products, but if their bowies are really fantastic, let me know.
+I don't know much about knives, but someone has a review of Cold Steel's bowie knife on youtube that might help:
+Lone Star
+January 20, 2009, 06:42 PM
+Here, a reviewer who can't even pronounce the names of the knives he reviews covers Fallkniven's A-1. He just turns it in his hand, but you can see the knife, here in the optional black blade version, with the Kydex sheath that is no longer offered. It has been replaced with a Zytel sheath A leather sheath is still offered.
+I think this guy is not as informed as he'd like us to think he is. A man who can't even pronounce names like Fallkniven and Camillus shouldn't be reviewing knives. But Nutn' Fancy is a prolific reviewer of outdoors products.
+For the record,
+"Fallkniven" is pronounced, "FELL-ka-neeven". I can't reproduce it here, but the "a" has an umlaut over it, changing the pronunciati0n to an "e" sound in Swedish. I have this information directly from Peter Hjortberger, the company president.
+"Camillus" is pronounced as, "Ca-MILL-us." He says "CAM-uh-lis."
+He said that he managed to chip the blade on a Fallkniven A-2 by hitting it on a rock. Well, whoop-de-doo! You can chip almost ANY blade by hitting the edge against a rock. All it takes is enough force, at the wrong angle. The Fallkniven knives have been extensively tested by the Technical University of Lulea (in Sweden) and by US military evaluators, and tbey came through with flying colors. The only reason why the A-1 isn't listed for unit purchase is that it's too big for the sheath on US aircrewmens' vests. I think it's an outstanding knife for military or survival purposes. It has been extensively used by Norwegian Marines, and is a favorite private purchase knife with them. I believe these men are also the ones who requested the A-2 model, which they use to check for mines in Afghanistan.
+Don't understimate the Buck Special, their Model 119, either. It's an excellent knife, at a reasonable price. It is the favorite knife of the Canadian guy who has a survival program on Discovery TV. His is the valid survival program. (The former SAS man who stays in hotels and creates unneccesary trials for himself has a knife designed for him. It's quite probably a fine knife, but the reputation of his show detracts from its image.)
+Look at this video to see the Fallkniven knife, but I distrust the reviewer's comments at times.
+Lone Star
+Lone Star
+January 20, 2009, 07:09 PM
+Additionaal Fallkniven reviews:
+S-1 Forest Knife: (Different reviewer)
+A-1 chopping:
+S-1 and Frost knife:
+Macmac
+January 20, 2009, 07:35 PM
+burnse , If you asked me first, I ask you first whatcha going to do with it?
+You can get a Bowie with a 5 inch long blade, or a 15 inch long blade, and I mean just the blade.
+What kind of steel?
+Safe queen? User? If so what for?
+If you buy a silly stainless blade and it is 5 inches long and you take it to pre 1840 VOO to show it off, the Buck Skinners will laugh at you!
+In the other hand if you bring a 15 inch carbon steel blade to the local SWAT gathering they will laugh at you for that monster?
+Just the word Bowie means about a million things to the same number of people.
+The supposed historical blade, sometimes sold, that is supposed to be a reproduction of the 'Sand Bar' knife probably isn't, not that I wish to be involved with any endless debate. The fact is on that; No One Knows..
+JShirley
+January 20, 2009, 09:20 PM
+I like strong tools that can also be weapons. My Himalayan Imports Crow is about my ideal hard use bowie. You should be able to find one for less than $140. It won't be perfect, but it should last a lifetime with just a little maintenance now and then. It's one of those 15" blades Mac's mentioning.
+On the other end of the usage spectrum (but still nowhere near the top end of what you could pay!), Valkman's Camps and Fighters are very attractive, clean, sturdy pieces that are smaller than short swords. :)
+Crow next to Kim Breed fighter
+Regards,
+John
+7X57chilmau
+January 20, 2009, 09:27 PM
+I've used a Himalayan Imports kukri before and found it to be a damned fine tool. Slightly crude, imperfect to be sure, but a really enjoyable knife that worked, was tough, held an edge well...
+If the crow is anything like, it'd be plenty good enough....
+J
+JShirley
+January 20, 2009, 09:55 PM
+Yeah, they're great knives (), both the kuks and the Crow. HI makes several other "bowies", including the Cherokee Rose.
+The Rose is mostly a dedicated (LARGE) fighter, and seemed oddly delicate for a HI piece. The Crow is a tool that can be a weapon.
+J
+hso
+January 20, 2009, 11:39 PM
+burnse,
+You haven't answered the question of what will you use it for. Honestly, what will you use it for? Please be realistic. The answer matters a lot.
+Big Daddy Grim
+January 20, 2009, 11:48 PM
+lotta nice bowies here and to think I still carry my old Buck bowie
+burnse
+January 21, 2009, 01:47 AM
+hso and macmac,
+This one will, first and foremost, be hanging on the wall for now, but I want something that will do in a pinch for HD, (I have moved for school and am away from the guns for the semester). And if the S were to HTF, I am more than comfortable with heavy blades, and am doing pekiti tersia. That being said, I know that I could get a barong from traditional filipino weapons in the same price range, but I like the feel of a bowie, and a clip point is a plus.
+So anywhere around 12" is great. And I do prefer convex grinds, but as long as it would look pretty on a wall, I'm happy. So, yes, a usable display piece.
+I should also mention that I think carrying a bowie makes me feel more god than man because it is such a thing of legend and great American stories of the past.:) (that sounds dumb but that's how i feel.)
+Piraticalbob
+January 21, 2009, 07:54 AM
+Here are two of the bowies that Ontario Cutlery makes, designed by bowie authority Bill Bagwell. A.G. Russell sells them for $144.95 (check to see if they are in stock). The larger of the two sounds like what you describe, these are very light and quick in the hand, yet attractive enough to serve in the wall-hanger role.
+hso
+January 21, 2009, 08:42 AM
+burnse,
+That information helps a lot. Since you're taking PKT I'd recommend focusing on the narrower bowie styles than the big bellied styles.
+If you want the best bang for your buck look at Ontario's SP-42 and-43. While they don't have the look of a "traditional" bowie Dan Maragni has completely redesigned them and retooled the manufacturing for Ontario. The reviews on them are impressive, especially for PKT.
+Next notch up in price for production pieces would be the Cold Steel bowies. The Laredo (~$100) and Natchez (~$350) would do well.
+Next would be Ontario's Bagwell Bowies, if you can find one.
+Customs range from $300 up.
+bkduckworth
+January 21, 2009, 10:19 AM
+Have you looked into Bark River Knife and Tool? They make (in my opinion) a very nice production knife (close to custom) at a relatively reasonable price. Here is a link to a limited run bowie they made:
+Good Luck!
+Brandon
+burnse
+January 21, 2009, 01:45 PM
+That Bagwell designed plainsmen would certainly do the trick for now. It's not huge, but looks very quick, and the coffin handle makes a very nice, showy touch. I can go hunting for giants later.
+Thanks, everyone and keep them coming if you know of any more.
+hso
+January 21, 2009, 02:30 PM
+What's your upper price limit on a custom? Do you have any stag scales or rounds suitable for the grip (or ivory or buffalo horn or ...)? That can help drop the price.
+Vonderek
+January 21, 2009, 02:33 PM
+A Puma Bowie is a nice knife and can be had for $70.
+Here's a hand-forged Japanese Bowie with stag handle:
+Macmac
+January 21, 2009, 08:18 PM
+Ok, now were talkin.. You like the so called classic pattern. This site has some interesting bowies and other knives they call bowies. The name Bowie just about can mean anything. This is a auction site I think.
+If you want the right price, and a custom made blade I might suggest you check this link.
+I met Don Fogg in his home when that was in NH. He has a forum, where other people can sell their wares, some of which can be reasonable, different and very nice. These are not anything anyone else will have. Most blade makers make one in their style and never again make that same thing over again.
+Even the out of date old posts show some fine working , although not many are bowies. There is a nice skull pick made of a hammer you could buy for me! :D
+Oh this kid is a real sicko... hso this stuff is just off the wall, this kiddie is going places. just look at this sick work! I am so disgusted!
+It is a good thing that blade is long gone for my poor wallet...
+Lone Star
+January 21, 2009, 08:42 PM
+Although they are not in the class of the Fallkniven that I mentioned above, do consider Buck's discontinued General (#120) model. It has a seven or 7.5 inch blade and was a good seller for Buck for many years. You can find them at gun shows and the like.
+Keep in mind any legal issues pertaining to carrying such knives.
+If you need a shorter one, the Fallkniven S-1 at a fraction over five inches would be my quick choice. Randall's Model 5 with five-inch blade is comparable. Either is legal in my state. (Neither has a sharpened false edge, although Randall will sharpen it on special order. But that opens the can of legal worms. Check your laws.)
+Lone Star
+loandr.
+January 21, 2009, 10:34 PM
+Lamey, Lancanio and American Kami are a few of my "Available" favorites :evil:
+LD
+hso
+January 21, 2009, 11:10 PM
+Macmac,
+Now why did you have to go and bring young Mr. Moss to my attention?!?! That's an awfully nice piece of work he did. Now I'll have to start looking for him.
+burnse
+January 22, 2009, 01:04 AM
+really. Thanks, macmac. That thing is beautiful.
+And, yes, I am a big fan of the "classic" style (or maybe "so-called classic" is a better description), especially after reading a very old book in my university's library covering a history of the bowie (I'm going to get it again later, so I can get the author).
+The Highlander
+January 22, 2009, 02:00 AM
+I have a few Case Bowies which have stood up to years of abuse. I've got a special edition one that I keep in an old leather sheath in the dresser next to my bed. Classic bowie lines.
+hso
+January 22, 2009, 03:29 PM
+Guys, there is no "classic bowie" because no one knows exactly what the knife at the Sandbar Fight looked like and subsequent knives owned and given away by the Bowie brothers were in a range of patterns.
+Most folks think a "bowie" knife is a heavy big bellied blade with a clip point. Historically that isn't correct and Jim Bowie's knife that fateful day could have just has easily been a big "butcher" knife made a bit pointier for thrusting.
+Look over the previous bowie threads for pictures of "real" bowie knives.
+Tell me if you think the knife in the picture is what you think of as a "bowie knife".
+Macmac
+January 22, 2009, 05:01 PM
+hso, To me on page 1 in this thread the 'plainsmen' is a classic style, where as the one you show to me is a natchez.
+As I see it the classic has a longer slender clip point, and some form of a straight guard. Mostly the only reasons I would think this definition was important is because the internet is a hell of a way to communicate.
+The next thing to figure out is 'IF' burnse wants a copy of a bowie anyone can buy any time he has money, and so there are likely to be hundreds owned all over the world, or he wants one of one, as custom makes don't really make one clone after another for many of much.
+Some custom makers might make as many as 1,001 sometimes, but that is probably pushing it, unless a particular pattern really floats their stick.
+That is up to the maker, and whom ever he serves. I know I have never come close to duplictaing any thing like that number, while I may have made 10 similar blades, really trying to make each one the same.
+The type of people I served wanted the one and only one. Buck Skinners don't like mass produced blades and if they did the only one still around would be 'Green River'.
+burnse, I really don't think you are going to get in a situation where a bowie saves your hide, not from any two legged predators anyway. I think what is really going on is you want to collect a bowie you can use, and i also think you want one of a kind. So what that means to me is you should save up more money than you really wanted to spend. I am assuming you have a good part of that right now. If you just doubled that amount and took your good time searching for a new young maker, one where he is carefull and you are carefull, that would supply your future needs more than just once.
+If you choose one from Don Fogg's site there is nearly no risk, so long as you are carefull. What that gets you will be a blade that will live longer than you do, even if you grow to be wealthy and very old.:D
+In todays world there is very little left as classic and very little left that will be a quality heirloom and or antique. I had some serious doubts a Glock pistol will ever be a classic antique, and I an dead sure no cars made today will ever be collectable. Even the so called best wooden furniture these days under that paper thin veneir is no more than saw dust and glue.
+A top notch custom blade well cared for in carbon steel will always either be usefull or collectable.
+When I made knives often times a year after i sold one to someone, that same someone would return to see what else I had. That worked out well for both of us.
+AND if I can, I would like all you guys to call me Mac.. just plain ol' Mac.. :neener: Most sites plain ol mac is taken... see?
+Todd A
+January 22, 2009, 06:19 PM
+Tell me if you think the knife in the picture is what you think of as a "bowie knife".
+Actually, yes it is.
+burnse
+January 22, 2009, 11:36 PM
+mac you're probably right on the not needing to use it in defense some day (let's hope the same for any gun that goes into my hand), and I would really like something one of a kind, so I probably will just keep saving. I think I'm also going to make a practice blade for.. practice, anyway.
+Generic Name
+January 23, 2009, 02:08 AM
+This site has some interesting historically inspired custom knives for "gentlemen".
+A less expensive version would be Bark River's Rogue.
+burnse
+January 23, 2009, 03:21 AM
+That one is especially beautiful.
+Dr.Rob
+January 23, 2009, 08:17 PM
+I got my Ontario Bagwell "Plainsman" in Dec 2003, its a pretty serious knife for the money.
+Travis Bickle
+January 23, 2009, 08:28 PM
+In todays world there is very little left as classic and very little left that will be a quality heirloom and or antique. I had some serious doubts a Glock pistol will ever be a classic antique
+Macmac
+January 23, 2009, 08:57?
+burnse, Once I knew a wealthy man who wanted a 12 ga shot gun for home defence. Well he went to buy one and when he came home he was something like 10 grand lighter! LOL After work in ther evening he say in a over stuff cahir and held the gun in his lap admiring the over all quaility, the rick grained wood, the charcoal blue, the engraved art, and the gold leaf.
+A bit of time passed and then he went back and bought another pump gun this time for about $125.00.
+Anyway if you choose well you may use a very well made and expensive knife with no harm.
+The day I met Don Fogg here in NH was at his home, long ago when he lived north of me. At that time he had just finished a short sword. It was beautiful.
+The blade was a 'leaf' blade with viking helmets forged down the center line standing up on both sides.
+Don handed it to me and I thought at first to admire, which I did, but what he ment was for me to attack a 55 gallon barrel, and when I refuse he took the weapon from me and did it himself. He hit the crimped edge first, and then stabbed and slashed that barrel, always making deep cuts ahd holes.
+He was aggressive and I thought he was angery. When he was done he handed the piece to me again to see if I could find any damage. I couldn't.
+I have never seen him face to face since. He moved to the south east coast, and just 3 days ago I learned he has returned to Maine. I doubt he would remember me, but I never forgot him.
+I learned alot in that one day, about men, blades and fire. I like that Plainsmen alot too. If I had one I would pull off the tag plate and either buff it out for my inicials, or make another plate like it in silver.
+But then my tastes are in more simple things.
+Travis Bickle
+January 23, 2009, 09:21?
+I actually think it's the ugliest, tackiest thing I've ever seen. I just posted it so everyone could laugh at it.
+JShirley
+January 23, 2009, 10:13 PM
+That Glock is close to the ugliest thing I've ever seen.
+And I like Glocks.
+John
+Byron Quick
+January 24, 2009, 01:30 AM
+You two gentlemen are incredibly fortunate in your viewing of ugliness. While I think that Glock is very ugly; it is far from the ugliest thing I have ever seen. You both have lived sheltered lives.
+TimboKhan
+January 24, 2009, 02:22 AM
+Tacky guns are a thread unto themselves, and there have been a couple right here on the forum. I assure you, that Glock looks like a million bucks compared to some of the gaudy, tacky and flatly horrible stuff that people have posted.
+As to the bowie knife question, I have never been real sold on a knife that big as being particularly useful, but that's just me. I think they are cool to look at, and I have had a few guys show me Bowies that are works of art, but in the end, they are just not my particular cup of tea.
+JShirley
+January 24, 2009, 02:14 PM
+close to
+Byron, you were there for the ugliest thing I've ever seen. If you recall.
+TimboKhan
+January 24, 2009, 02:29 PM
+Byron, you were there for the ugliest thing I've ever seen. If you recall.
+Was there or was?
+burn.:neener:
+JShirley
+January 24, 2009, 04:02 PM
+His comment was, "Aw, John. She needs love, too." :barf:
+Macmac
+January 24, 2009, 06:53 PM
+WOW! 3 guys on one thread agree that the fancy Glocks are ugly!
+About Glock all I know is what I read. I prefer another type of hand gun, and the only plastic gun I have like a glock is as ugly, one EAA poly Witness Compact, but it has a 1911 sort of feel. i wanted to know what a poly gun was like, and this EAA Witness was cheaper.
+Now I own a pretty big bowie, because i found the blade in a stone wall, which was once a cellar. Around here we call em cellar holes.
+So I can't tell you any make for this Bowie, and or how old it is. All I can tell you is that it is 15.5" long, is a full 1/4" thick, is high carbon steel, that was rusted and is pitted, but that just makes it better.
+Since it had no guard and no grips I made them. The guard is plain brass, and the slabs grips are moose antler, held on with brazing rod pins.
+Getting this sharp is pretty easy, and so it is sharp enough to shave hairs off my wrist all the time.
+It weighs apx 1.5 pounds, and is a dammned handy camp knife.
+The scabard is made of walnut, pinned in the same brazing rod brass.
+The scabard has a copper wire belt hook, so when it is worn, the knife in the scabard is thrust between me and my belt crossing my back.
+I can sit in a saddle this way and not feel it. When I rode horses with this i tied it in the scabard, so if somehow it fell and I did to we wouldn't have a bad meeting.
+Once a wild raccon came into a canvas tent when I was nearly asleep. The coon began to drink from a still on fire citronella bucket candle!!!
+Somewhat less than thrilled I reached over and swatted that coon with the scabard, and cracked the wood slightly, and just recently with this thread I began to fix it. This is one of my favorite knives.
+JShirley
+January 25, 2009, 04:00 PM
+I'd really like to see a picture, Mac. It sounds pretty neat.
+John
+Macmac
+January 25, 2009, 05:25 PM
+John, That just woke me up. Time to slather more linseed oil on that scabard.
+I need to get a lot of pics taken, in a very over all way. Not being very computer savey the task falls on my Bride...
+I did get her to take a shot of my latest axe project, which is for fun and a What I did, over a how to, but in some ways it will be a how to.
+So far the axe has been cut to be re-shaped to a profile I want, and I have another axe in this same profile only better.
+This Bowie I have may not be all that old, and it just might be that connecting a date to a cellar hole, is all wrong, and it could be a kid hide this blade some years before I came on to it. I was hired to clean up the area, and build on it again.
+Moving old cellar stones out of the hole I ended up the ground man to chain up large hunks of granite.
+I have seen similar looking bowies, but upon inspection the blades have been apx 1/2 " shorter.
+on edit: I forgot to mention that in time something happened to the scabard, and the blade sort of self locks in place inside it.
+The scabard was designed on purpose to appear too small for the blade to fit, but it does fit.
+This was the first scabard I made and so both halves are inlet 1/2+ a little more for the blade to be inside. I did this with some dirks I made latter, and with these scabards I cut the wood a bit different, and did all the inletting on one side only, and then put the top back on.
+I still have one of these dirks, because my wife saud she wanted it. other wise it would be long gone. This one has the other side of the same moose antler rack, left alone as it came off the moose. The bowie being sanded and most folks think it is bone.
+The dirk has a Amethest installed in the button end, with a sliver of sterling silver embedded under it. The idea being to reflect light. The problem is I can't get the stone out myself, if ever the silver turns black. The wood for the dirk is birdseye maple, and the scabard is lined in thin deerhide on the inside. I can't take a picture of that ever either, and it is because i wanted the dirk to be silent. This dirl scabard has a chain to suspend it, but I didn't like the way it worked, and so one day I will have to build a leather frog to suspend it. I'll get pics of this one too.
+Byron Quick
+January 26, 2009, 10:48 PM
+I'm not sure if he's referring to the Korean gal who bit him or the, shall we say, incredibly hefty lady who fell for him like a ton of bricks.
+Macmac
+January 27, 2009, 10:36 AM
+This is one of the bowie pics, others are on this page, with other knives.
+JShirley
+January 27, 2009, 03:48 PM
+I think it was a picture you sent me, Byron.
+Macmac
+January 27, 2009, 05:37 PM
+I mentioned somewhere that the blade is ment to appear to big to fit the scarbard.
+What do you think?
+burnse
+January 28, 2009, 02:34 AM
+certainly seems a tight fit. Also, the last knife on the linked page is very nice looking.
+JShirley
+January 31, 2009, 01:54 PM
+Good looking knife. Good shape.
+Macmac
+January 31, 2009, 05:15 PM
+Yeah considering it was buried in a stone wall, meant to be a cellar that blade cleaned up real well. It seemed worthy of a moose antler grip.
+If you enjoyed reading about "Best Bowie knives" here in TheHighRoad.org archive, you'll LOVE our community. Come join
+TheHighRoad.org
+today for the full version!
+vBulletin® v3.8.6, Copyright ©2000-2013, Jelsoft Enterprises Ltd.
+stable good and high quality concrete plant 60m3/h buy
+stable good and high quality concrete plant 60m3/h , china mobile concrete plant china cellular concrete plant china autoclaved aerated concrete plant. view more.
+hot sale ready mix concrete plants 60m3/h izmirpilates.org
+new mobile concrete mixing plant for sale 60m3/h mobile ready mix design concrete mixing plant yard,concrete hot sale good quality simple concrete mixing
+60m3/h concrete mixer batching plant 1 cubic meter small
+60m3/h concrete mixer batching plant 1 cubic meter convenient movement of dawin mobile concrete mixing plant. 3 60m3/h portable concrete mixing plant with
+good quality 35m3/h concrete mixing plant manufacturer
+2015 chinese 60m3/h concrete batch plant suppliers . dasion js1000 low cost concrete batching plant in good price; good sale yhzs40 mobile concrete mixing plant
+40m3/h good quality concrete mixing plant/concrete mixer
+60m3/h good quality automatic mobile concrete good quality automatic mobile concrete mixing plant,
+concrete batching plant manufacturer quality dry mortar
+wet ready mixed concrete batching plant mixing plant 60m3/h plant hls60. china good quality mobile concrete batching plant supplier. copyright 2016
+60 m3/h mixing plant concrete batching plant concrete
+mobile concrete batching plant, you can buy good quality mobile concrete customized concrete mixing plant 60m3/h concrete batching plant auto concrete mixing
+capacity 60m3/h hongda mobile concrete batching plant
+60m3/h hzs60 concrete mixing plant stationary hongda tielish good quality concrete batching. hongda mobile mobile concrete mixing plant (60m3/h)
+concrete mixing plant projects center gdcpa.org
+20 30m3/h ready mix concrete mixing plant 50m3/h and 60m3 /h hongda mobile concrete mixing plant 60m3/h mixing plant shaft concrete mixer, having good mixing
+top quality cement concrete batching plant china machinery 90m3/h
+china high productive 120m3/h concrete plant good quality china concrete batching plant h belt conveyor type hzs60 60m3/h, hzs90 90m3/h, machinery concrete
+a large capacity 60m3/h concrete mixing plant sale
+50 60m3/h, 75m3/h 3. high quality, good after sale service 75cbm/h 2015 product profile yhzs60 mobile concrete mixing plant. capacity 60m3/h. max aggregate
+yhzs50 50 60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant manufacturer
+good performance and high efficiency portable concrete batching plant mobile concrete plant,low price yhzs75 75m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant with good
+90m3/h high efficient good quality concrete batching plant
+90m3/h ready mix concrete plant . high quality ce certified hls60 60m3/h concrete mixing plant ltd. concrete mixing plant,concrete good quality mobile
+output capacity 60m3/h ready mixed concrete batching plant
+china best chinese mobile concrete batching plant 60m3/h .. hongda capacity 60m3/h with good 60m3/h china high productive 120m3/h concrete plant good quality
+mobile concrete batching plants manufactured by haomei
+portable concrete batching plant or mobile concrete plant is mixing plant and concrete plant mixer with good quality 60m3/h mobile concrete plant
+2014 concrete mix batch plant price 60m3/h with iso
+120m3/h mobile concrete batching plant price | 60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant price. good quality concrete mixer semi trailer js1000 1m3
+concrete batching plant mini concrete plant mobile concrete
+quality mini concrete plant,mobile concrete mixing plant; model hzs60; rated productivity 60m3/h; mobile concrete batching plant for sale,yhzs75
+heavy industry low cost cement concrete plant price concrete
+plant low cost concrete batching plant concrete mobile cement concrete batching plant with good 60m3/h low cost concrete batching plant
+60m3/h mixing concrete batching plants for sale (hzs60)
+dry sand making plant; mobile crushing (60m3/h) concrete batch plant for sale china made 60m3/h batching machine pld1600 capacity 60m3/h good use of big
+good sale hzs50 portable ready mix concrete batching plant
+2015 chinese 60m3/h concrete batch plant suppliers . dasion js1000 low cost concrete batching plant in good price; good sale yhzs40 mobile concrete mixing plant
+yhzs50 50 60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant manufacturer
+good performance and high efficiency portable concrete batching plant mobile concrete plant,low price yhzs75 75m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant with good
+mobile concrete plant yhzs50(50m3/h) izmirpilates.org
+yhzs50 50m3 60m3/h portalbe mobile concrete plant foto, high quality and good concrete mixing plant/
+projects 60m3/h concrete plant thehitcommunity.org
+60m3/h mobile ready mixed concrete plant, china 60m3/h good quality automatic mobile concrete mixing plant, find details about china concrete batching plant,
+2015 chinese 60m3/h concrete batching plant on sale
+60m3/h cheap price mobile concrete batching plant 60m3/h cheap price mobile concrete batching plant 2015 a 60m3/h good quality hzs60 concrete batching
+2016 60m3/h concrete batching plant plc control system
+2016 60m3/h concrete batching plant semi mobile concrete batching plant blocking. it is combined with pattern 2 the machine adopts js1500 concrete mixer, good
+very cheap concrete batching plant of 60m3/h (hzs60)
+js1000 batching machine pld1600 capacity 60m3/h good use of big plant (60m3/h) sd 680m mobile concrete mixer is a self loading concrete mixing
+40m3/h good quality concrete mixing plant/concrete mixer
+60m3/h good quality automatic mobile concrete good quality automatic mobile concrete mixing plant,
+construction machinery 60m3/h concrete mixing plant with
+construction machinery 60m3/h concrete mixing plant with china best a mobile concrete batching plant 60m3/h hzs60p. compare construction machine concrete
+60m3/h mobile concrete plant for sale haomei yhzs25
+60m3/h mobile concrete plant also called yhzs60 small concrete batching plant made by haomei machinery has good 60m3/h mobile concrete plant also called
+75m3/h 180m3/h concrete batching plant for sale in guyana
+mobile concrete batching plant for sale 25m3/h china high productive 120m3/h concrete plant good 2015 chinese 60m3/h concrete batch plant
+60m3/h with good quality hzs60 concrete mixing plant
+60m3/h with good quality hzs60 concrete mixing plant. home; about us; product. concrete mixer plant; yhzs25 small mobile ready mixed concrete batching plant
+hzs60 concrete batching plant in good quality for sale
+productive 120m3/h concrete plant good quality hot 60m3/h concrete mixing plant from china quality plant. mobile concrete batching
+precast concrete plant hzs35 35m3/h skip hopper conveyor
+hzs35 ready mix concrete plant in south africa. modular concrete batching plant hzs35 .. ready mix concrete plant hzs35 good mobile concrete batching plant for 35 m3
+75m3/h portable precast concrete batching plant
+75m3/h yhzs75 mobile concrete batching plant. mobile concrete hls90 90m3/h concrete batching plant with hopper lift concrete batch plant with 75m3/h good quality
+yhzs60 mobile concrete mixing plant scribd
+60m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant. 60m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant is special and good stability. 60m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant basic performance
+60m3/h centrale a , concrete mixing plant evolve ts.in
+mobile concrete mixing plant (25) 60m3/h payment & shipping hzs25 25m3/h small concrete batching plant .. with good mixing effect and high efficiency .. hzs60
+60m3/h italion professional concrete batching plant for sale
+good quality industrial concrete mixing plant 1200kg high 60m3 concrete batching plant alibabanew products 60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant for sale y
+hongda good quality concrete mixing plant (90m3/h)
+hongda good quality concrete mixing plant wholesale various high quality 60m3 concrete batching plant 35m3/h 60m3/h 90m3/h mobile concrete batching plant with
+60m3/h belt type fixed concrete mixing plant for india with
+60m3/h belt type fixed concrete mixing plant for india with accurate weighing system , find complete details about 60m3/h belt type fixed concrete mixing plant for
+widely used belt concrete batching plant 60m3 cement mixing
+belt concrete batching plant. capacity 60m3/h etc. dasion concrete batching plant is widely used in big 60m3/h good quality automatic mobile concrete mixing
+60m3/h moving quickly mobile concrete mixing plant for sale
+hzs60 concrete batching plant (60m3/h) mobile concrete mixing station is an on site 90m3/h mobile concrete plant manufacturer high quality and good price
+most popular concrete mixing plant ,mobile concrete mixing
+new mobile concrete mixing plant 60m3/h 2017 02 05; good quality hzs50 concrete batching plant from china mobile concrete batching plant for engineering co.
+60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant hzs60
+60m3/h mobile concrete batching plant hzs60. email [email protected] . home; about us; products; case; contact us; hongda capacity 60m3/h with good quality
+good quality 60m3/h concrete mixing plant for sale
+home > concrete plants > good quality 60m3/h concrete mixing plant for sale. good quality 60m3/h mobile concrete mixing plant from 25 75m3/h mobile concrete
+_45<<_46<<_47<<
+good servi500 automatic concrete mixer
+customized concrete mixing machine lose foam casting spares concrete mixer spares | handy china eps foam cup making machine new automatic eps / foam concrete block brick making machine prev good servi500 automatic
+_49<<_50<<_51<<_52<<_53<<
+The the leading computer components manufacturing company seeking a Software Engineer to debug and bring up Win 8 tablets. Responsibilities will include: Installing OS and drivers regularly using automated install programs Validating installation Using debug software scripts to confirm Troubleshooting the system Following directions to collect additional information Possibly updating device drivers REQUIRED QUALIFICATIONS: Must have experience debugging windows 8 Basic debugging skills Basic Device Driver skills Experience installing and using Windows programs on Windows 7... more ->
+TITLE: CA: GEN Developer (CoolGen/All Fusion Gen/AdvantageGen Consultant) LOCATION: Austin, TX SKILLS: 3-4 Years using CA: GEN 6.5 (CoolGen) and above, CANAM Report Composer, GuardIEn and CSE Access TERM: 5 Months Contract-To-Hire PREFERRED: CA: GEN (CoolGen) Target Implementation for HP/Tandem NSK Platform DESCRIPTION: Analyze, design, build and test changes to CA GEN (CoolGen) based application for one or more of the following functional areas: Provider, Member, Claims Processing, and Payment. Review design and build deliverables from other developers in the project team. Assist team lead... more ->
+We are currently in the process of preparing our new surgery center in Austin for an opening date in several months. As part of that preparation, we are interviewing Director of Nursing candidates for Austin. This is an excellent opportunity for someone to have input from the start. We would like to hire the DON in advance of opening the center. This will allow the DON to receive training from our corporate office and the new DON will have an opportunity to interview and hire staff. more ->
+75% Travel Required (M-Thur). A large Professional Services Firm is currently seeking Consulting Associates for their Peoplesoft HCM Practice. Job Details: Demonstrates proficiency in the following: Chart of accounts design Software configuration Identification of business process modifications Design document creation Test script identification/execution End-user training development and execution Prepares and delivers presentations to clients Develops work plans Completes complex system-related analyses Writes basic reports with minimal supervision Provides support in the presentation of... more ->
+Yoh has a contract opportunity for a Megasys Technician to join our client in Austin, TX. Job Responsibilities: - Work on shift with a team without supervision. - Develop a functional proficiency for site equipment, which includes chemical, slurry, and gas delivery systems. - Perform container changes (bottles, drums, totes, bulk tankers). - Perform alarm response for delivery equipment. - Perform non invasive preventative maintenance using documented procedures. - Update electronic equipment logs. - On the job training will allow the technician to develop fundamental knowledge to assist with... more ->
+Yoh has a contract position for a Validation Technician to join our client in Austin, TX. Job Responsibilities: - Validation Technician will be responsible for technical functions in support of engineering activities in validation, testing and detailed data collection. - Validation Technician will be responsible for performing functions associated with semiconductor manufacturing, including: - Setting up test related tools, operating equipment per specs, conducting Design of Experiments, collecting data, etc. - Assist in performing preventive maintenance, troubleshooting and sustaining the... more ->
+Charles River Technical Analyst - C# Programming, Asset Classes, Charles River Technical Analyst If you are a Charles River Technical Analyst with experience, please read on! The lead business technical analyst will be regarded as the technical business lead on all trade order management related tasks. This includes project management, business understanding and documentation, data flow and data architecture, and data analysis. The ideal candidate would have implemented and supported vendor and in-house built trade ordered management systems and has a comprehensive understanding of various... more ->
+Front End Developer - Gaming Industry Front End Developer Front End Developer - JavaScript, DOM, CSS, Ajax, MVC Framework, UX/Architecture, Open Source, Java/C++/Objective-C/Python/Ruby Based in California, we are one of the biggest and most successful video game developers and publishers in the world. The part of our company that is responsible for our website maintenance, upgrades, and the web products is located in Austin, TX. We are looking for an impressive Front End developer who has interest in the gaming industry to join our team! Must have skills: - Expert knowledge of JavaScript,... more ->
+Senior Sales Engineer - Linux, SaaS, Software Security Products Senior Sales Engineer If you are a Senior Sales Engineer in Texas, please read on! What you need for this position: - 5 years + of relevant Sales or business development experience - LINUX and/or SaaS Knowledge - Experience developing and delivering IT product demonstrations What you'll be doing: - Responding to RFI's and RFP's - Helping customers with product integrations - Provide Product demonstrations and arttend tradeshows What's in it for you: - Opportunity to get in at ground floor of a rapidly growing IT security company... more ->
+Sr. UI Designer- User experience, UX, User Interface design, UI UI Designer Senior UI/UX Designer - Austin, TX An innovative company is looking for a Senior UI/UX Designer to lead the design of their software product! If you are a Senior UI Designer, Senior UX Designer, or UI/UX Designer with a passion for delivering user friendly, intuitive designs and an interest in being a part of an incredible company, please read on! What's in it for you: - You will have the opportunity to lead the UI design and user experience for a new product offering that is already receiving high industry demand! -... more ->
+Contract opportunity for UI/UX Designer - UI, UX, user interface UI Designer Contract opportunity- UI/UX Designer - Austin, TX Austin based company is looking for an UI/UX Designer to join their team on a contractual basis to assist with the design of their software product! If you are an UI Designer, UX Designer, or UI/UX Designer with a passion for delivering user friendly, intuitive designs, please read on! What's in it for you: - You will have the opportunity to lead the UI design and user experience for a new product offering that is already receiving high industry demand! - You will... more ->
+Senior Manager Network Operations - Manager IT Security Global Senior Manager Network Operations - Manager IT Security Global If you are a Senior Manager with IT Security experience, please read on! What you need for this position: • Bachelor degree in Information Technology • 7 years increasingly responsible professional experience • Experience translating business requirements and designs into technical designs • Good knowledge in IT security standards and certification procedures like ISO 27000, NASPO, Common Criteria • Strong knowledge of IT Infrastructure Services and Solutions... more ->
+Developer for Infrastructure/Architecture Developer for Infrastructure/Architecture If you are a Lead C++ Developer who has parallel/scientific computing and have worked on large Client Server commercial applications, please read on!.you must be able to work in Lebanon, NH* What you need for this position: - Computer Science background - Experts in C++ (5+ years experience in a lead role) - Experience working on large Client Server commercial applications (rather than academic/government lab experience) - Experience in either meshing, spatial search or large scientific data sets (will also... more ->
+Software Developer - Meshing, Grid Generation, CFD Software Developer - Meshing Software Developer - Meshing, mesh generation, grid generation, CFD/CAE applications, C++, Java, Scientific visualization, Computation fluid dynamics, CAD tools, OpenGL, VTK, large scale software systems, User interface design, Client/Server architectures, Software Developer If you are a Software Developer with mesh generation development experience for CFD/CAE applications, please read on! What you need for this position: - Experience in mesh generation for CFD/CAE applications - Proven expertise in... more ->
+Front End Engineer - JavaScript, jQuery, Prototype - Austin JavaScript Developer Front End Engineer with exceptional Javascript skills needed in Austin! A fast-paced, award winning company is growing their technical team and looking for a Javascript guru! If you are a Front-End Engineer, UI Engineer or JavaScript Developer, please read on! What's in it for you: - You will join a company recognized in the Austin tech community with various awards! - You will have the opportunity to work in a collaborative, relaxed work environment - You will be compensated generously with an incredible package... more ->
+Front End Web Developer - Profitable Leader in cloud computing Front End Web Developer We are a highly profitable and rapidly growing, advanced stage start-up that is a leader in cloud computing. We are experiencing a period of strong growth and seeking a Front-End Web Developer to join our team. The ideal candidate has strong experience with UI Development, HTML, CSS, JavaScript/JQuery, PHP and MySQL. You will be a part of a fun and fast-paced working environment with tons of upside. For the right candidate we are offering an attractive compensation package including a base salary between... more ->
+ASP.NET Developer - ASP.NET, C#, SQL ASP.NET Developer Based in beautiful Austin, TX this is an outstanding opportunity to join a leading software company that has been around for over 20 years. We are very stable, profitable and we are continuing to grow! We are looking to hire and experienced ASP.NET developer. This position will be focused on producing products for external customers. This is not an internal system development position. Here is the technical background we are looking for: - ASP.NET - C# - SQL - LINQ is a plus - Team Foundation Server - Visual Studio - Unit Testing -... more ->
+Big Data Engineer - Java, Cassandra, Lucene, Relo Assistance! Big Data Engineer Do you want to work with an intelligent group of Engineers? If so, you would love our opening in Austin, TX (or you can work in Palo Alto, CA, if you want to relocate). We are looking for a Big Data Engineer that wants to make a huge impact in the Big Data world. If that sounds like you, please read on! What you need for this position: -4+ years of solid Java development experience -Experience in one of the following big data technologies: Hadoop, MapReduce, HBase, Cassandra or a similar technology -Experience... more ->
+Software Developer - Python, Ruby & Amazon Web Services. Saas Developer Based in the heart of Austin, TX we are a company that offers an extensive opportunity for growth. This is an exciting opportunity to work for an industry leading technology company that is innovative, profitable and experiencing massive growth. What's in it for you: - Fantastic compensation package which includes excellent Medical, Dental and Vision benefits. Excellent company culture with exposure to cutting edge technologies. What you need for this position: - Experience with Python and/or Ruby/Java. - Experience
+It’s been a good thing for the pastors to begin collecting these special prayer requests where you write out your prayers. The last few weeks, as we gather for our staff meeting Wednesday mornings, we've been going through them. And it's given us a little more insight into some of the special needs in the church family. Sometimes we can sort of live in our own little universe and become disconnected. Through these prayer requests, if anything has become clear, it's become clear that a lot of people are struggling with a broad spectrum of challenges.
+Just in the last week I've had friends that have had serious health problems, financial problems, families that seem to be strained and on the verge of disintegrating, people losing their jobs, people losing their identity. I’ve tried to summarize what's caused so much distress. In the world you're going to have tribulation, but Jesus said we could be of good cheer because He’s overcome the world. In spite of all these things that may come into our lives that are challenges, whether they're problems in relationships or problems with finances we can still be secure.
+Matter of fact, one lesson the Bible teaches us [is] that with the Lord you can be secure in the midst of a storm. I remember hearing the story about this large stone lion that they built; actually it's a bronze lion that overlooks the area where the battle of Waterloo was fought. And this big lion’s got his snarling mouth open and his jaw is exposed and a bird made nests in the lion's mouth. And when the winds and storms were swirling around that meadow the bird was perfectly secure there in the lion's mouth of all things, with her little young. This is something how a Christian can envision our relationship with the Lord. You could have perfect security no matter what kind of stresses or insecurities are happening in your life. No matter how things might be shaking around you, you can still be secure in the storm.
+And it doesn’t mean we won’t have trials, we do. There are storms in life. Jesus said, wise man builds on the rock. The fool builds on the sand, and both houses get hit with a storm. Isn’t that right? So He almost guaranteed there’s going to be storms. I’d like to have you turn in your Bible to the last chapter of Acts. Acts 27, Acts 28 is the last chapter. There’s a story, and we’re going to read most of it, that begins with verse 13. I’d like to give you the background for what’s happening. Paul had been arrested in Jerusalem. And after a couple of years of languishing in jails there, finally he appealed to Caesar. He’s on his way to see the king of the world back then. He’s going to take his court case before the Roman Emperor. And in route, they sailed back then was the quickest way of travel, but their boat was delayed and a number of problems. And finally, you know there are seasons when you don’t sail the Mediterranean. Just like other oceans you’ve got the storm season and you’ve got the safe season. Well, they had wasted so much time during the good sailing that now it got to the time where they really ought to park the boat and just wait out the storm season. But they said, “We could probably just make it to a better harbor if we go a few more days.”
+So against the advice of Paul, Paul said, “I perceive there’s going to be a lot of damage to the lives and the goods of the ship. You’d better stay where you are.” They went on sailing in spite of his advice. You read in verse 13, “When the south wind,” Acts 27:13, “blew softly, supposing they had obtained their purpose.” They said, “Hey, this is a good sign. We’ve got a south wind.” “They put out to sea. They sailed close by Crete. But not long after a tempestuous headwind arose called Euroclydon.” And that’s sort of a combination of the word meaning from all corners and that’s where you get the word Europe and typhoon. It was this wind that swirled around that didn’t have any definite direction and it often came up in the winter. It means the winter storm wind was upon them. “So when the ship was caught and could not head into the wind we let her drive.”
+They just had to let the ship blow whichever way the wind went. “And running under the shelter of an island,” finally they came where they were blocked by an island, “called Claudia they secured the skiff.” The skiff is the little lifeboat all sailboats had. They'd anchor off and then they had a little rowboat that would go to shore and row people back and bring provisions in. They used to tow it behind the ship in good weather, but when the weather got rough you didn't want to lose your little lifeboat; they'd strap it on the stern. So they secured the skiff. That comes in later in the story. You don't want to miss that. “With difficulty. And when they had taken it on board, the used cables to under gird the ship, fearing, lest they should run aground on the strait sands. They struck sail,” they pulled down their sails because the wind was blowing them in to the sands, “and so we were driven. And because there was an exceeding tempest-- they were exceedingly tempest-tossed, the next day they lightened the ship.”
+They're now doing what they did during Jonah’s storm and they are starting to throw things overboard. When your life is on the line you're willing to unload if it means saving your life. “And on the third day we threw the ship's tackle overboard with our own hands.” Now Paul was on this boat with over 200 other prisoners. And when they realized that they had to lighten the boat even more not only were they throwing the cargo overboard to save themselves, now they're throwing over the tackling of the ship that they use for controlling the sails and the ship. It's like they're reaching desperate straights now. Verse 20, “Now when neither sun nor stars appeared to for many days, and no small tempest beat on us.” There are four times in the Bible Luke uses that term, “no small.” Sometimes he says no small stir, no small division, no small tempest. You ought to do a sermon someday on no small, when Luke says that. That means very big. “Now when neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small tempest beat on us, all hope that we would be saved was finally given up.”
+Now I want you to have the picture here, friends. Here you've got a boatload of prisoners on their way to judgment. They've thrown over their valuables. They've thrown over the tackling to control the ship. How does a boat back then find out where they are? GPS? No, they would use either a compass, but then they'd use the compass also. That is kind of tells you which way they were drifting. They'd have to use a sextant or some primitive instruments to either at night measure by the stars or the moon or in the day by the sun. And they have neither sun, moon or stars. One of the signs of the church is a woman clothed with the sun standing on the moon, stars above her head. The church is to be a guiding light in the world. Here, the ship of sailors bound for judgment, they're all prisoners. It's a prison boat. Paul is one of many. They've got the Roman soldiers and the sailors and they're on their way to judgment. And they don't know where they're going. And they're in a storm. And now they’ve become hopeless. All hope that they might be saved is gone.
+“But after long abstinence,” days of fasting, “from food, Paul stood up in the midst of them and said.” Now here is this half-blind, aging, bald Jew. Now the Bible doesn't say that, but some say he was. And I think I’ve told you that my mother’s maiden name was the same as Paul’s. It was Ruth Tarshis, which is the same as Tarsis. My grandfather says we're related to him or Jonah, we're not sure which one.
+So here you’ve got this short, bald [they do say he was short because Paul says, “I’m not very imposing when I come in person]. And he was partially blind. He couldn’t see. And he is telling now the Roman soldiers and the sailors what they should do. It’s very out of his area of expertise you would think, except he had the Spirit of God. He says, “Men, you should have listened to me and not sailed from Crete and incurred this disaster and loss. And now I urge you to take heart, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only the ship. For there stood by me this night an angel of the God who I belong to and whom I serve saying, Do not be afraid Paul, you must be brought before Caesar, and indeed God has granted you all those who sail with you.”
+In other words, during the storm Paul is praying for all the other soldiers and all the other prisoners and all the sailors. He is interceding for those who are in the storm, who are very insecure about their lives, very insecure about their possessions and the trip. And he says an angel appeared to me and told me, “Paul, not only am I going to spare you because you need to go to Caesar; the Gospel needs to go to Rome. And you're going to be preaching from Rome to the people there.” And all was going to be preaching from the prison in Rome to the servants in Caesar's house. And the Gospel was going to spread from Rome. So the Lord was basically saying, “Look Paul, even if you've got to walk on water, you're going to Rome. So you’re going to make it.” But Paul is saying, “Lord, I’ve gotten to know these other sailors and prisoners and please save them.” “All right, Paul, you know your prayers are so strong and your intercession so complete, I'll give you everybody on the ship. But the ship isn't going to make it, and none of the cargo is going to make it because they didn't listen. They should have listened to you.”
+“And he said, You must be brought before Caesar. Therefore take heart,” Paul is saying to the sailors, “take heart, men, for I believe God that it will be just as he told me. However, we must run aground on a certain island.” Now here you've got a case, these prisoners are going through the dark. The only light in all of this is that angel that appeared to Paul. They must now believe the word of God that He is giving them. He is telling them in advance what's going to happen. Why? So when it does happen they’ll believe the other things that Paul says. Isn't that how God works with His prophets? “Now when the fourteenth night had come, and we were driven up and down in the Adriatic Sea,” they're being driven around the Mediterranean, “about midnight the sailors sensed they were drawing near some land.” Maybe they heard the crashing of breakers on some distant rocks. “And they took soundings,” that means they lowered a rope that had weights on it, that had knots tied in it so they could see how deep the water was getting. The closer you get to shore, the more shallow. So they're throwing this rope out and they are calling out the soundings. “And when they found it to be 20 fathoms, they had gone a little farther, they took soundings again and it was 15 fathoms.” It's getting shallow. They're nearing land. That means they're going to crash on shore. “Then, fearing that we should run aground on the rocks, they dropped four anchors from the stern, and they prayed for day to come.”
+Sometimes all you can do is stay where you are and pray and wait, right? “And as the sailors were seeking to escape from the ship, when they had let down the skiff,” the little rowboat, “into the sea, under pretense of putting out anchors from the prow,” they're pretending they're dropping an anchor off the bow, “Paul said to the centurion,” the Roman soldier in charge of the whole group, “unless these men stay in the ship, you cannot be saved.” Now that seems like a strange thing to say. Paul recognized he had this gift of discernment. He said, “They’re not dropping an anchor off the bow. Those sailors are wanting to get away because if the ship does break up there might be no way to get to land except that boat, and you're not going to get everybody in that boat, in that little rowboat. And the sailors wanting to save themselves acted like they were dropping an anchor off the front, and really they were getting ready to make their own personal getaway to land. Paul saw what they were doing and he says to the centurion, “God's told me that unless we all stay together we’re not going to make it. Unless we all stay together, centurion, you're not going to make it.” And you know, it's interesting how to start with the centurion was giving orders when they began the journey, now this old prisoner is telling everybody what they ought to do. It's amazing how God’s Spirit sort of takes over when there's a crisis.
+I've discovered something. I've had a lot of friends that I've told them about my beliefs and I've told them about what I believe about God and my relationship with God. And a lot of them are unbelievers and the tease me, but when they go through a storm I'll frequently get a phone call, or someone will tap on the door and they'll say, “Doug, can we talk?” Someone in their family is dying or died. Or somebody is sick or there's been some great financial reverse. And if you know the Lord and you're walking with God people will sense that. And when there's a storm they're going to come to you and they're going to ask you for help. That's why it's important for you to be [a] consistent witness. In the middle of the storm they started taking orders from Paul. So here Paul is saying, “Unless we all stay together we can't be saved.”
+By the way, there is a storm, friends, that's coming in our world. I don't know if you know that. And the devil wants to divide us. And even in God's church you get little groups that will break off and say, “Let’s not stay with the ship. Let’s break off by ourselves.” And God is saying to His people, we need to stick together. “Because all men will know you are my disciples by your love for one another.”
+“Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the skiff and let it fall off.” Talk about commitment. They’re listening to Paul so much they cut away the lifeboat. “And as day was about to dawn, Paul implored them all to take food, saying, Today is the fourteenth day you have waited and continued now without food, and eaten nothing. Therefore I urge you to take nourishment, for this is for your survival, since not a hair will fall from the head of any of you.” Wouldn’t you like to hear the Lord say that to us right now? In the midst of the storm He said, “You might go through some trials, you might even get seasick, but not a hair is going to fall from your head.” Of course, He’d have to give me more promise than that because I’d want something else. “And when he said these things, he took bread in front of them and he gave thanks to God.” These are all these pagan sailors. These are Roman soldiers. Paul now is taking charge in the name of the Lord. He prays, he blesses the bread in the name of Jehovah, and he distributes. Isn’t he doing what Jesus did? Remember when Jesus took the bread, He blessed it, He gave it to others. “And when he had broken it he began to eat.” He said, “Let me show you what to do. You’ve got to eat something. You need strength. You’re going to have to make your way to shore.” “They were all encouraged, they also took food themselves. An din all they were 276 people on the ship.” Now I don’t know if you’ve seen any of those ships that they had back then, but they were not very big. These were not like these big Spanish galleons. The ships back then were these Phoenician ships, or the Roman ships, and they were packed pretty tight on that boat full of prisoners.
+“So when they had eaten, they lightened the ship and they threw out the wheat into the sea.” Just before they go into this great final time of trouble they eat. They fill up with as much as they can handle because a time is going to come when you’re going to have to live on what you’ve got inside you. You got that, friends? You may not always have your bible stored away somewhere. They knew now the ship was going to be busted to smithereens. They were going to have to survive on what they had put in them. You might be put in prison for your faith. And they’ll take your bible away. Do you have enough stored inside to sustain you? It’s like a bear before the winter, stores it away that they might hibernate through the coldest time. You and I need to have that experience, friends.
+They throw all the other wheat overboard to lighten the ship because they’re going to make it for land now. Verse 39, “And when it was day, they did not recognize the land, but they observed a bay [with] a beach, on which they planned to run the ship if possible.” There’s a desperate attempt. “And they let go of the anchors,” they cut the anchors away, “and they left them in the sea, meanwhile loosing the rudder ropes: they hoisted the mainsail to the wind and made for shore.” Did their best to make a run for shore. “But striking a place where two seas met, they ran the ship aground.” The currents were rushing about a rock and pushed this ship off into a shallow area and the bow ran aground. “The prow stuck fast and remained immovable, but the stern was being broken up by the violence of the waves. Now the soldiers plan was to kill the prisoners, lest any of them should escape.” Back in bible times if you lost a prisoner you lost your life. You remember when Peter escaped from prison in Acts 12? Herod had all those soldiers killed, 16 of them, because they lost one prisoner. A Roman soldier was not to lose a prisoner. “But the centurion, wanting to save Paul, kept them from their purpose.” Did you get that? Paul is the one who intercedes for everybody in the boat to save them, and now all of them are going to be executed, but because of Paul the centurion, he’s got the judgment in his hands, he lets them all live for Paul’s sake. Isn’t that how salvation works? For Christ’s sake judgment passes by for you and me. Don’t forget, they had also eaten bread. We need to be eating bread, too.
+It says, “[He] commanded those that could swim should jump overboard first and get to land, the rest, some on boards and some on broken pieces of the ship. And so it was they all escaped safely to land.” All of them were saved. Some of them swam; some of them took broken pieces of the ship. You know, this is how it’s going to be in the last days, as we near the end. Is our church going to be able to function with the government above ground in the last days? Organizationally we’re probably going to have to just break up into little groups. But we’re not to leave until that time comes. We are to stay together. But when we hit the shore, and when that final storm comes where the bow is stuck and the stern is being broken up by the violence of the waves we may have to just jump in the water and either swim or hang on to whatever pieces that we can have. And I can just picture it now. Some are swimming for themselves, some are hanging on, two or three of them clinging to a piece of the ship. And maybe they were scratched, and maybe they were cut, but they all made it alive and safe to land.
+What gave them security through that storm? Having the word of God in their midst. Paul was the word of God for them. Symbolized by when he broke bread in their midst, when he had messages, when God’s angel spoke to him. God’s word came to that group through Paul. And that was the only thing that gave them hope. I remember reading just last week. I was looking for something else and I reread the story of Captain Eddie Rickenbacker and his soldiers. His plane, they got off course, they ran out of gas, their plane went down during World War II. And they were floating around in a series of lifeboats for days, starving, dehydrated. One of them had a New Testament and he would read. And when they were rescued, in spite of all the different miracles they experienced, they kept giving credit to the bible was the only thing that kept them together.
+They were terribly blistered by the sun. They had sores from laying in the life raft, but they’d pray, simple prayers. And God would send rain. And at one point they saw a storm going by, but it was too far away and they all prayed that the storm would stop. And even though the waves, they could see on top, were blowing the storm away it stopped moving. And there’s probably some meteorological person out there that would find how that happens, but they then paddled over to the storm and drank the rain. Another time they prayed and a seagull landed on Captain Ritenbacker’s head and he grabbed it and they split that among them. Or a turtle came by. And then they used part of the bird to catch fish. Whenever they needed it they prayed. But when they were rescued they said, “To what do you attribute your survival?” They said, “If,” I think it was a young man named Gonzalez that had his New Testament. They said, “If he hadn’t had his New Testament we wouldn’t have survived.” It was the word of God that gave them security and hope and helped them keep it together.
+What is going to help us keep it together? If you are alive and hearing my voice you’ve got challenges in your life. Everybody is going to have challenges. And no matter how you try and find security, you might find security in one area, but then you’re going to lose it in another. Maybe I should begin by a definition. By the way, that was my introduction. What is security? Definition from the dictionary: “Security is freedom from risk or danger; safety; freedom from doubt, anxiety or fear; confidence.” I want to be secure. Everybody wants security.
+First of all, let’s get one thing straight. I don’t want to be too hard on you, but if you’re living a life of sin I hope you’re insecure. Worst thing that could happen would be for you to be secure on your way to destruction. Deuteronomy 28:15-20. This is the chapter where you find the blessings and the cursings. All these blessings will happen if we obey the Lord. “But it will come to pass that if you do not obey the voice of the Lord your God, to observe carefully all His commandments and His statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come upon you and overtake you. Cursed you'll be in the city, and cursed you'll be in the country. Cursed will be your basket and cursed will be your kneading bowl. Cursed will be the fruit of your body, the produce of your land, the increase of your cattle, the offspring of your flocks. Cursed you'll be when you come in, and cursed you will be when you go out. The Lord will send on you cursing, confusion, and rebuke in all that you set your hand to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish quickly, because of the wickedness of your doings in which you have forsaken the Lord your God.”
+Deuteronomy 28:65, cursings go on quite a ways. By the way, all these things happened. “And among those nations you shall find no rest, nor shall the sole of your foot of a resting place; but there the Lord will give you a trembling heart, and failing eyes, and anguish of soul. Your life will hang in doubt before you.” This is ultimate insecurity. “You will fear day and night, and have no assurance of life. In the morning you will say, Oh, that it were evening! And at evening you will say, Oh, that it were morning! Because of the fear which terrifies your heart, and because of the sight which your eyes see.” Now here's the good news. That is exhibit A of insecurity. You're cursed when you go out, you're cursed when you come in, you’re cursed financially, you're cursed in your home, you're cursed in your relationships, you're cursed in your heart, you have no peace. That's the result of running from God. The good news is it's the opposite for those who surrender to the Lord. No matter what happens, you're blessed when you go out, you're blessed when you come in.
+There's another story to talk about the cursing that Amos uses. It's almost comical. There is absolutely no security without Christ. Amos puts it this way, 5:19, “There is no peace sayeth my Lord for the wicked.” that's not what Amos says. That's what Isaiah says. Amos 5:19, “It will be as though a man fled from a lion, and a bear met him! Or as though he went into the house,” running from something, “leaned his hand on the wall,” thinking, “at last I'm safe,” “and a serpent bites him!” Is like the old spiritual, “Oh sinner man, where you gunna run to, Oh sinner man.” Remember that one? There's nowhere to run and hide. So, to begin with, if you’re looking for security let’s establish one thing. You will never find security without God. Without surrendering to His word. The way the sailors made it, those sailors bound for judgment. That’s like us. We’re all bound for judgment. The way they made it through the storm is by trusting the word that was in their midst. We must trust and obey the word. By the way, they listened to Paul, too, didn’t they? And when they listened to him they were saved.
+Probably the backdrop of some of the storm that we’re all hearing about right now, probably almost tired of hearing about, is this financial crisis, meltdown, whatever you want to call it, storm that’s been happening in America that is being felt in steroid quantity around the world. Would you all like financial security? It’s interesting; I’ve noticed an increasing number of people that are advertising on the TV and the radio about investing in gold. How many of you have heard those? Everyone’s telling you, “Invest in gold.” One thing you can know is everybody telling you to invest in something is probably not the right time at that point to invest. I could be wrong because that’s not my calling. Actually the bible does say we should invest in gold. Did you know that? Jesus says that. Revelation 3:18, “I counsel you to buy from Me gold refined in the fire, that you might be rich; and white garments, that you might be clothed, that the shame of your nakedness does not appear.” Yeah, we should be storing away gold. It’s the gold of a Christ-like character, motivated by love. And Jesus is offering that to us and we ought to have a virtual Fort Knox of that in our hearts. Get all you can right now. Put everything you’ve got into hoarding as much of Jesus’ gold as you can get and that will give you security. Because if your trust is in financial security, my bible tells me that when it comes to earthly riches you can get it all in a day and you can lose it all in a day.
+You know the story of Job? Talk about a stock market crash. All of his stock, fire came down from heaven and burned them up or they were stolen. He had a stock market crash, lost it all. And God gave it back to him again. When God withdrew His protection from His belongings he lost it all. When God blessed him he got them all back. And on the other side, some of you that have nothing and wonder how you’re going to make it, how could God turn it around, “I don’t see how things could ever get better. Lost my job. Losing the house. Going bankrupt. What am I going to do?” I like the story of Joseph as a good principle. In one day he went from rags in the prison to getting a pedicure in the palace. In one day the pharaoh handed him the checkbook for the nation of Egypt. Isn’t’ that what happened? He gave him his ring and said, “You’ve got authority. Everyone’s going to do what you say. You’ve got the whole treasury of Egypt at your disposal.” And he was eating crumbs that morning. So can God turn around your circumstances? Just put Him first and you’ve got to remember what Jesus said, “Lay not up for yourself,” Matthew 6:19, “treasures on earth, where moth and rust destroy and where thieves break through and steal; but lay up for yourself treasure in heaven, where neither moth nor rust destroys and thieves do not break through and steal. For where your treasure is, that’s where your heart’s going to be.” Where is your security? It’s going to be where your treasure it. If you’ve got your Fort Knox in heaven it’s secure. If it’s down here you may be at risk.
+Job security. That’s a sensitive subject these days. I think it was just last week that they said that record, was it 78,000 people in one day. We’ve seen the unemployment rate go up a whole percentage point in a month. That’s pretty frightening and the end has not happened yet. And I don’t know where you are. A few people, their jobs are always secure: undertaker, if you work in a maternity ward. People who are taking care of those going in and coming out of life, they usually have a job, right? The economy doesn’t usually affect that. Pastors are usually pretty secure because people especially need spiritual help during these times. But actually, in our conference even some pastors have been laid off because tithe has gone down. So everyone really is struggling. Your job might fail, but if you’re a Christian that’s not your real job. Your real job is working for the Lord.
+Where is the safest place for a submarine in a storm? If a submarine knows that a storm is coming and it’s parked or docked at some peaceful haven on the shore it’s going to get totally wrecked there. The best place for a submarine to go when there’s a storm is back out to sea and get right in the middle of it, right? When Hurricane Katrina came there were some submarines there in the Gulf. They went out to sea and got under it all. If you’re a Christian the safest place for you to be is at your job. You know where most accidents take place? Not at the job. Most accidents take place around the home. So get out of the house. Home security.
+I’ll never forget when I went to South Africa. They were having terrible crime problems there and every single house in certain parts of Johannesburg had like prison walls and glass on top of the walls and sharpened steel barbs and security guards. The crime was so out of control that every home looked like a fortress. People were so afraid and there were so many car-jackings that nobody would drive up the streets of Johannesburg at night. The streets were desolated in the business district at night. And you wonder now, you see more and more houses, that they’ve got the alarms out front and they’ve got a little sticker in the lawn: “Protected by Alarm.” Does that give you your home security? What provides that? Everybody wants a safe place. Is your home safe from earthquake or storm? Where can you go where there’s going to be safe weather and safe home, safe from crime?
+I went online just to see if I could find out, in case I want to move, what are some of the safest places in the US. This is Forbes list of the 10 safest places in the US. Now this had to do with storms and partly the economy. Honolulu—let’s all move. I thought, “Don’t they live on a volcano?” But they say they have pretty safe weather there. They don’t have many problems. Boise, Idaho; Santa Fe, New Mexico; Yakima. Two of them are in New Mexico, three in Oregon. None of them are California. And then I wondered, once you get out of the US, what are the safest countries to live in. And this was the list here. Norway, New Zealand, Japan. [When] I was in Japan they had an earthquake there, but that’s on the list. I guess they’ve got a fairly low crime rate and they don’t have hurricanes there. Ireland and Denmark, if you want to be a socialist you’ve got to go to Denmark. But I guess it’s a pretty safe place.
+You heard about the family—I heard this on Paul Harvey years ago—looking for a safe place to live? They searched the Internet for months and they finally found what they thought would be the ideal place. Good weather, good economy, nice people, low crime rate. And they packed up, sold everything, they moved to the Falkland Islands. And that was a week before the Falkland War broke out. So, can you find your security? I mean, you need to consider these things.
+Psalm 4:8 David said, “I will lie down in peace, and sleep; for You alone, O Lord, make me dwell in safety.” I met a person last month that actually had a hit man hired to kill him. Yeah, and his family had to hide for a while. How do you sleep if you’ve got a hit man trying to kill you? David had the king, put wanted posters all over the kingdom with his picture on it. Wanted, dead or alive, big reward. Had David’s picture on it. And yet David was able to say, “I’ll lay me down in sleep, for You alone, O Lord, make me dwell in safety.”
+We’ve got an alarm in our house. We inherited it. And it’s got a button called a panic button. You’ve got those on your car keys, too. Some of you, don’t you have those? Panic button. And sometimes I hit the wrong button. I like to wait until after church when people are standing by my car. And then I hit the panic button, watch them jump. Because we're afraid of an intruder; we want to alarm everybody. People looking for security in their homes. Psalm 91, you should remember that if you want security in the last days. “He who dwells in the secret place of the Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. A thousand may fall at her side, ten thousand at your right hand; but only with your eyes will you see and behold the destruction of the wicked. Neither will any plague come near your dwelling.” It's filled with promises, in Psalm 91. It would be good for us to try and memorize that.
+People want security in relationships. Now I talked about job security. When I talked about job security men especially tuned in, because when a man loses his job his world falls apart. And some have committed suicide because of their layoffs. When a woman loses her relationships her world falls apart. While I'm on the subject, there's a connection between finances and relationships. They expect a spike in broken homes and divorces now because of the financial problems. Because you know what the number one reason is for first marriages failing? Financial challenges. And so it presents another whole series of storms. A man loses his job; it creates stress and there's spending problems. It creates tension in the relationship; the relationship falls apart because of the financial problems. So finances are a consideration there, too. Everybody needs to have friends, family, that they can trust. We need to feel secure in our relationships with each other.
+In the last days we will not have that in the world. Luke 21:16, the words of Jesus. “You'll be hated even by parents and brothers, relatives and friends. They'll put some of you to death.” There's some good news. If your security is going to come only from your earthly relationships, Jesus said that's not where you're going to find it. Matter of fact, He said, “You need to love me more then your father, mother, sister, brother, husband, wife, child.” You need to have another kind of relationship and that's where you get your security. Jesus said, Hebrews 13:5, “I will never leave you or forsake you.” You might have your family forsake you. I remember when I became a Christian, my Jewish family thought that I had flipped out. And then I married a Gentile girl and they weren't sure what to think about either. They got to where they liked her. But the Bible says in Psalm 27:10, “When your father and mother or forsake you, the Lord will take care of you.” You can always be secure in your relationship with Him.
+Now I inserted one more category, as I'm talking about security through the storm. Government security. And I have nothing to tell you about that. Except to say, if that's where your security is, friends, we are in a heap of trouble. Because they don't have the magic band-aid for our bullet hole. It's their job to tell us they do because if they admit that they don't they don't have a job anymore. But the fact is that the problems that are facing the leaders of the world right now, and the governments of the world right now, I don't think there are earthly solutions for these problems. We need to pray for them, that God will give them wisdom to do the best they can, but I think we've got some very serious days ahead of us. Not only as a country, but in our world. And I don't want to diverge too much from my theme of security, but I will just say this (since everybody else has got opinions on what's happening).
+When I grew up my father said that if you are in debt the last thing you want to do is borrow and spend. And our country is having a problem right now because we wanted instant gratification. And the solution for our problem that is coming from our desire for instant gratification; we wanted to have the car right away, we wanted to have the home right away, we want to get our pleasures right away before we get married. Everything, instant gratification. We’ve just programmed a whole generation. Now the government’s going to solve it with spending. They say we need to spend more and borrow more. Is it just me or is that the reverse of what our fathers always told us? I don't know how that's going to solve the problem, friends. I think we’d be better to spend a few years in a tough way clawing our way out the old-fashioned way by work and saving rather than. Now I'm getting down a track where I'm not an expert. Government security, Jesus said, “Seek ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness.” That should be the government that we’re interested in, God's kingdom. That's the only kingdom that's going to have security.
+One more thought on this other point. I'm also seeing something else happen. I'm seeing prophecy be fulfilled right now because people are looking to the government for security and in order to do that you hand over different elements of your freedom. The government starts taking over the banks, and they start taking over the data of the banks and a lot of different information becomes available. And it's interesting that the leadership for this government involvement in the finances of the world is centered in the United States. That's what it sounds like in Revelation when it says, “He causes all, small and great, to worship the beast.” If they don’t they can’t buy or sell. They’re going to control commerce somehow. I can just see all these things playing out in front of us in the next few years. It's happening before our eyes. It's like Jesus said that day, “Today, this prophecy is fulfilled in your hearing.” The only government that's going to be safe is Christ’s kingdom, friends.
+In the midst of all this there’s a danger that we might hang our hopes on a false security. Nothing’s sadder than having trust in something you can’t trust. I like that picture. Security guard guarding probably a priceless painting in someone's cutting the floor out from under him. Trusting in the government would be false security right now. Trusting in the bank would be false security right now. Trusting in every earthly support is dangerous. Now I’m not trying to make you insecure, but if your security is in the things of the world, friends, you’ve got a false sense of security. “Heaven and earth will pass away,” Jesus said, “my word will not pass away.” This is the only thing that's going to be a rock that will make it through the last days.
+Jeremiah 6:14, “They have also healed the hurt of My people slightly, saying, Peace, peace! When there is no peace.” One of the signs of the last days is that the leaders will be saying, “We have nothing to worry about. We’ve got it under control.” They’re not saying that yet, but you just wait. Your ears ought to perk up if you hear that again. I Thessalonians 5:3, “For when they say, Peace and safety! Then sudden destruction comes upon them, as labor pains upon a pregnant woman.” By the way, those labor pains, it’s also talking about the second coming of Jesus. It’s that kind of contraction. “As they come upon a pregnant woman. And they shall not escape.” I remember one time hearing a young lady say to her husband as her labor pains began, “I’ve changed my mind. I don’t want to do this.” We’re going to get to a place in the flow of prophecy where the final events will begin to transpire and there is no turning back.
+With all this happening around us can we have security? I’m not telling you these things to make you insecure. Well, I guess I am. Let me take that back. I am wanting you to be insecure if your security is placed in the wrong spot. I am wanting you to be uncomfortable. But I’m not wanting you to be insecure. I’m wanting you to find your security in the only thing where there is security. And that’s in Christ. Can you be secure in your salvation? I believe you can. Does God want us to go through life anxious? Or does He say, “Be anxious for nothing.” He’s speaking to Christians. Assuming you believe, be anxious for nothing. Assuming you believe, then you can claim Philippians 1:6, “that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ.” You can claim that He is the author and the finisher of your faith. You can claim that whosoever comes to Him, He will never let you go. You can claim in Romans 5:1, “having been justified by faith, we have peace with God,” we have security with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ.” So where does our security come from? Through our Lord Jesus Christ.
+Why is it important for us to have that? I remember reading about when they were building the Golden Gate Bridge. When they first began the project and they stretched some of the cables across to begin moving materials, I think it was 23 people fell and died. And the work was progressing very slowly. Because all the laborers could do was spend all their time watching their step and looking down. And they were terrified. Finally, they put a man named Strauss in charge of the safety. He strung a net all the way across where the Golden Gate Bridge is, underneath the construction area of the bridge, about half way down, so that if anybody fell while working they were caught by the net. Some did fall. I think 9 or 10 people fell while they were building it, and they became part of the neat club called the Half Way to Hell Club. That’s what they called them. Because they fell, but they lived because the net got them. But they noticed something. Once they put the net there work began to proceed at a record pace, because instead of them working constantly afraid of falling they were able to focus on building the bridge. It’s important as Christians that we’ve got some security about our relationship with the Lord, because otherwise we’re so preoccupied with our earthly condition we don’t think about our heavenly work. We’re so preoccupied with, “How am I doing?” all the time; we’re always looking down instead of looking up. And God wants us to have the kind of security we need so we can be about His business. I’m not talking about that false security we mentioned a minute ago.
+So, in conclusion, one of the most famous advertising campaigns was the “Got Milk” campaign. So I’m going to borrow that and say Got Security? Fist of all, if you’re a Christian you have financial security, because you have treasure in heaven. If you’re a Christian you’ve got job security because as long as there’s lost people in this world you’ve got a work to do. Amen? And in case you didn’t know it, there’s a whole lot of lost people out there. So you’ve got job security. If you’re a Christian, you’ve got home security because Jesus said, “I’m going to prepare a place for you.” And nobody is going to break in to that house that He has alarmed and guarded with angels. If you’re a Christian you’ve got computer security. You’ve got firewall, virus protection.
+The Holy Spirit’s going to be in there to keep the temptations out. If you’re a Christian you’ve got health security. Not only does Jesus heal bodies down here, but He’s going to give you a whole new body. That’s a pretty good health plan. I never even went down to the health problems in our country, did I? Another whole area of insecurity. If you’re a Christian you’ve got government security because last time I checked God is still on the throne and His kingdom is going to last “forever and ever, amen.” And if you’re a Christian you’ve got relationship security because Jesus is your best friend. He is your elder brother. He is the eternal Father. He is the spouse of the church. He is the child that was given. He will give you everything you need in that relationship security. Amen?
+Jesus has told us in John 16:33, “These things I have spoken to you, that you might have peace. In the world you will have tribulation; but be of good courage, I have overcome the world.” So here’s the question. Got security? Do you got security? If you’ve got Christ then you might be in the midst of a storm, you might even get a little seasick on the way, but God’s going to see you through so not a hair of your head perishes and He’ll bring you safely to shore. You believe that friends? It’s like when Jesus woke up in the storm and He said, “Why do you have so little faith?” If He’s the captain of your salvation you don’t need to be afraid. I thought it’d be a good idea for us to sing that song, #528 A Shelter in the Time of Storm. Now when you sing this, how many of you know this song? Let’s stand up. You know this song? Do you know, we’ve got people that live in apartments right over here. I’ve wondered, do they ever hear us singing? Well let’s see if we can make them hear us this time, all right?
+[verse]
+I’m not ready for the appeal yet. I want to talk about your singing. I heard a couple of you doing it. Do you remember the echo that the men are supposed to do down here? “Mighty rock, mighty rock, cooling shade, cooling shade.” I want to hear the men try and do it the way it’s written here, ok? And keep the volume up. I want to see if the neighbors know we’re here.
+Before we sing the last verse there may be some here who have a special need. Maybe there’s been some area in your life where you’ve been experiencing some insecurity. It could be in your home, your family, job, finances, relationships. Maybe something that wasn’t even mentioned. Maybe health. And today you want to be able to leave the church and say, “Got security,” because Jesus will give you whatever you lack that you might have that peace. If you have some special need or you’d like special prayer, as we sing the last verse together, come to the front and we’ll pray together for you.
+Father in heaven, Lord we are so thankful for the promises in your word that in spite of the storms that may be swirling about us. And I know different people here are experiencing those storms in varying degrees. Whatever it might be that Jesus can bring a peace and security that the world doesn’t understand. Lord, while we are here in this world we pray that you will bless. A lot of people are struggling with job insecurity, insecurities with their finances, their relationships, their health. We’re all a little worried about the government. I pray Lord that whatever these insecurities are that you will not allow it to rob our peace, that we can be anxious for nothing, but find our security in Christ. Be with each person, Lord. I pray that you’ll answer their specific prayers that they’re bringing before you. Bless this church, bless those who may be listening or watching, that we might leave this place and know that we have security in Christ, that the world cannot take away, that no storm can influence. Bless us as we go from this place to remember what our real job is and being your witnesses. And it’s in Jesus’ name we ask for that help and we pray. Amen.
+The first word I ever said was “light”. And my mom says that when I was 2 or 3 years old, I told everyone I came across that I loved them. In the grocery store, walking up and down the aisles of planes, every person I saw knew exactly how I felt.
+I hadn’t yet learned to stifle my emotions, to think of love as something you give and withhold from people, something that has to be earned instead of offered freely and spread far and wide.
+As I got older, I started to learn the ways of us silly humans: Run, don’t walk, from your feelings! Push down any and all painful feelings as far down as they’ll go in the hopes they’ll wither away, even though, they then run your life from thereon out and determine how happy you allow yourself to be.
+On rare occasions I still did catch glimpses of that unconditional love, from dogs mainly, those amazing creatures who seem to have figured it all out much better than we have. But, for the most part, that eternal connection to All That Is and that love for everyone and everything was few and far between.
+I kept mosey-ing on in life, having more than my fair share of fun and adventure, but never tapping into pure source energy or even knowing it was there for the taking really.
+Until one week when everything changed. Everything always changes, of course, we’re always in a constant state of flux, but when you hear the words, “You have cancer,” is one of those times where you can feel it, taste it, know it down to your bones that nothing will ever be the same again.
+On a Monday, I put my most precious dog to sleep, that Wednesday we found out my mom’s breast cancer had spread – how much, TBD – and that Thursday I was in the hospital having emergency surgery and hearing doctors saying they suspected a cancer of my own.
+Once the doctors confirmed their diagnosis of a supposedly incurable Stage IV cancer, (I say “supposedly” because how can someone else ever determine our destiny when it’s a privilege that’s ours alone?) I just wanted to feel normal again. So I tucked away all the horror, rage and grief as far down as I possibly could.
+I did start to switch up things that weren’t working in my life: I changed my food and my habits, visualized the tumors shrinking away until Poof! they evaporated into nothing at all. But not until I learned Reiki did I truly get to the core of it all.
+Because, Reiki, well Reiki heals you from the inside out. It gets to the heart of the matter and changes you on a spiritual level, which then affects your thoughts, which affect your emotions, which affect the physical piece of your puzzle.
+Above all else, Reiki teaches you to feel. And amazing things happen when we feel. Reiki gets all up in there and breaks up that stuck, repressed energy almost all of us carry inside that stifles our magnificence and our shine.
+So once I learned Reiki, I cleared everything out and easily stepped into my true self. LOL. Just kidding. It didn’t happen quite that way, although that certainly would have been nice!
+After my Reiki I attunement, I was furious. And I mean furious. Screaming in your car so deeply you scare yourself going to the batting cages 3-4 times a week just to get it out muttering Tourette’s-filled sentences furious. For an entire year, I ranted and raged. I cried every day the next.
+So why do I still sing the praises of Reiki? Because of all the gifts it’s given me: the wisdom that I can clear out my internal clutter that had no business being there in the first place; the awareness that I can transport myself to a place of relaxation, power and joy in any moment; the knowledge that I dictate my reality and not the other way around.
+You can make your prison cell more comfortable, but making it more comfortable and breaking out of prison are two different things. – Adyashanti
+Nowadays, when challenges (a.k.a. opportunities to grow) come up, I know to feel my feelings instead of shoving them down. If my stomach hurts, I know which Reiki symbols to draw to make it feel better. And if it still doesn’t feel better afterward, I know the Reiki is still working behind the scenes in ways my human comprehension can only hope to sort of understand.
+Showing Reiki Masters how to attune others for the Reiki Master class.
+I have a much deeper sense of peace and trust. I have an invaluable tool I can (and do!) use oh, only about 100 times a day. I have the five Reiki principles to help me remember – if only for a split second – to forgive everyone for everything (especially myself) and to be kind to every living thing (especially myself.)
+I’ve been lucky enough to attune over 500 people from all around the world to Reiki, and I’ve heard so many students’ experiences as well as had my own that any doubts about whether Reiki works are long gone.
+I get it now.
+I understand that we may try to categorize and make sense of this magical, elusive world, but ultimately we just scratch the surface. We aren’t really meant to understand our existence but rather just experience it instead. That all we have to do is tune in to universal life force energy for help and guidance along the way.
+So, yeah, that’s a little bit about me. Just a green-eyed, left-handed, born on Valentines Day, dog loving, Kundalini yoga doing, Cuban salsa dancing machine who had the great fortune to get sick so she could then heal herself and share the tool she used with you.
+A girl with strong connections to other planets, galaxies, worlds… not to mention equally strong connections to the beautiful humans here who make life and this hilarious, organized chaos worthwhile.
+I’m fascinated by all the other lives our soul is simultaneously having and teach from my “future” selves as much as I can. This is the lifetime to liberate ourselves and wake up, our moment to elevate our consciousness and remember all that we are. Reiki did that for me, and it’s my deepest wish that it does the same for you.
+I continue to be amazed at Reiki’s ability to transform lives and would be so honored to teach you this most sacred and powerful Japanese healing art. What a gift and a privilege to be ALIVE and to connect with you NOW.
+Maybe, just maybe, if we’re particularly lucky, we’ll get to leave this little blue and green planet just a little bit better than when we got here.
+Giving long-distance Reiki from Sedona for one of the bonuses in the Reiki I online course.
+Because life is a dance.
+Learning from the dolphins about life and stuff.
+Learn how to heal yourself, help others and channel universal life force energy with a Reiki I attunement.FULL DETAILS
+NEW COURSE! Send Reiki long-distance through time and space. Work with crystals and pendulums. Learn how to clear karma and consciously manifest.LEARN MORE
+Find out what animals really think about all this “energy and Reiki stuff” in my most popular class!FULL DETAILS
+11 Comments
+Hey Brooke I love your enthusiasm, we need more people like you on this planet, spreading light and love to the world. Keep up the good work!
+Aww thank you Jason, that’s so nice. I have a feeling that you are doing the same thing in the world. : )
+Hi,
+I just signed up and paid for the Online Course of Reiki II.
+Thanks, Brooke!
+I want to learn REIKI, Pl. tell me how it is possible to me.
+Sure thing, I think the best way to hear about my Reiki video courses that I’m putting together would be to join my Reiki newsletter. It’s free, and that way you’ll know when the classes are coming out (in mid-August) and be able to sign-up and go through the online courses.
+I think based on your email that you may live in or be from India? I’ve taught a lot of students in India before, so that shouldn’t be a problem at all. As long as you have access to the Internet, you should be just fine!
+I am hoping to complete my journey… I am 62 and I paid to do all of Reiki with another teacher including the Reiki teacher….and all I got was a Reiki 3 ….I feel a little taken back, so I am pursuing this through someone else.
+My son lives in San Diego and is a military figure in nursing. I would like to finish my days completing my Reiki classes. I am out of work and feel this could bridge my income til retirement age. I would be happy to show my certificates. I would like to heal animals. I am also practicing EFT.. Can you help me? I am hoping for an affordable price. Rev. Deborah Krug
+Hi Deborah,
+I’m really sorry to hear that you bought an online Reiki course with someone else thinking it included becoming a Reiki Master Teacher and it sounds like it didn’t. I would be happy to attune you and train you to the Reiki Master Teacher Level, and we can talk a little bit about topics from Reiki I and II just to make sure that you are up to speed on everything! We can go over Animal Reiki as well, animals are honestly my favorite ‘people’ to send Reiki to. And I love Emotional Freedom Technique, that’s so great that you practice that as well!
+The price for the private online Reiki Master Teacher training class is $400, it lasts for 8 weeks and we meet once a week for an hour over Skype. If you sign up for the Reiki Training Classes newsletter, you get 15% off the online course, so it’s $340 for the eight weeks I believe.
+Hopefully that works for you, I would love to train you on how to become a Reiki Master Teacher!
+Take care Deborah,
+Brooke Betts
+I am interested in Reiki Master- Teacher training. I am a Reiki Master currently .Please ssend me information about your program / and or training for Reiki Master- Teacher . thank you
+Namaste
+Hi Brenda,
+Thanks so much for your comment. I will send you a private email to your email address with the specifics about the Reiki Master course (which includes the Teacher Training and how to attune others), but just really quickly, the private online Reiki Master Training course lasts for eight weeks and we meet once a week online via Skype for an hour. You receive the Reiki Master attunement (even if you are already a Reiki Master, it’s nice to receive another attunement!) as well as the Master Manual with all the symbols I know and a guide to attuning other people. I would also send you my Reiki I and II manuals, so we could make sure you are already attuned to all the symbols I attune students to in those classes. Also, seeing the manuals would give you a good idea of how to structure your classes if teaching is what you want to pursue. The class price is $400 for the eight weeks, and I would really focus on teaching you how to teach Reiki classes if that was what you wanted to concentrate on.
+And… that was not “really quickly” at all : )
+Thanks again for your question, Brenda!
+Namaste right back – the light within me recognizes and sees the light within you.
+Brooke
+I share the same commitment, having as many Reiki Masters as possible to heal the planet and all its inhabitants. – Anjani
+: ) Very happy to hear that. Wow, Reiki is really spreading all over the world, isn’t it? Best of luck to you in Mumbai!
+This is difficult entry, because EE has given me so, so much material that I feel like Wile E Coyote, a comic heartbeat after he realises he's run three steps over the edge of the canyon edge. *Looks down* *gulps* *looks to camera* *vanishes*
+What on EARTH will I write about? Ach, but I felt this way when Jamie's Fantasy Game Show run out of juice; as you get older you realise that your heart will heal in time. There'll be other telly schools. They just grow up, leave you and break your heart *sniff*.
+So what have we learned?
+Apart from the fact that diameter is circumference divided by pi?
+This week the documentarians at twofour gave us their all, in one mighty gasp of hole-in-one casting: Vinni (rap spelling and all) was brought back from the substitute bench, and we were introduced to their secret weapon of charm and awkward, vulnerable sincerity: Ryan, a boy so direct, so honest and so impeccably golden-hearted that the coldest, coldest heart would have thawed before him. If Liz Jones met him, she would renounce egotism and narcissistic cruelty.*
+* Alas, not even he could do that.
+Ryan had been at Passmores for two years, and he, along with all the other students, were approaching their turning-out ceremonies fast. It provided the seven-story arc with a natural narrative terminus, like a slightly grittier production of Grease, albeit with less memorable tunes (unless you count Mr Drew's remix of Teenage Dirtbag or Ryan's humble, mumbled hippity-hop cover of Rockwell's 'Somebody's watchin' me'). It's a meme that every school drama can access, from Waterloo Road to American Pie: the coming-of-age lifequake when the child passes into adulthood, and it becomes time to put away childish things. As teachers, we live this moment in perpetuity, like the concierge of Miliways, the Restaurant at the End of the Universe. We're doomed/ cursed/ blessed to act as midwives to the process of academic crowning, every year, over and over. (You'd think that we'd be asked out opinions a little more frequently, wouldn't you? Alas not. Teacher Voice has yet to be granted the same status as its moronic student sibling, which enjoys a perpetual renaissance.)
+Vic, our grizzled Head of Paediatrics has seen it all; as he admits at the end, he lives and breathes the well-being of his community, but when they go, he has another cohort that needs and deserves the whole school's focus every bit as much as the last lot. It's a generational story. Like nurses and doctors, we need to conserve our compassion for those directly in our care: to do otherwise would be to attempt to stretch our hearts to shattering point, regardless of how oaken they are. When they go, we still care, we can even miss them, but we're needed elsewhere. The world has to take care of them by that point.
+'X and Y are two Geometrically similar solid shapes.'
+Mr Thomas, the Maths
+At first glance there wasn't much in common with this week's X and Y, Vinni and Ryan: one was an incredibly bright young man with problems, and the other was...oh. I see what they did there. Vinni, as we have already seen, was struggling with a fractious home life, and his own inability to refrain from pressing the self-destruct button. We see this all the time; so much talent, so much potential, so much waste. Obviously not being present at the numerous blow-ups designed to make teachers go insane with agitation, it's easy to see him as a cuddly project for someone with a kind heart. Only teachers know the kind of stress and damage that KLVs can cause to classrooms when the cameras aren't rolling; it's far easier to sympathise with a main characters when they are presented as tragic heroes, rather than villains with a streak of good. But I'll stick my neck out and say I can see exactly why Mr Goddard busted his nuts eternally for Vinni, because he was exactly the kind of kid you want to help. Something about KLVs bring out the mother/ father in you; you can see the alternate futures opening up in front of him, and most of them aren't pretty. Some of them are inspiring. If only someone could intervene....
+Sometimes it works. Sometimes it doesn't. As Ms Bird, the take-no-shit English Head of Department who got him through a remedial immersion course in English said, 'That's the pay-back,' when her young padawan squeezed a C in English- and who can blame her? We pay for our ambitions, like Fame, in sweat, and a win is a win, and we too deserve our moments. See, that;s the odd thing about our profession; when we win, others win. When they win, we win. To borrow from Aristotle, a virtuous man can only flourish in a virtuous community, and the community flourishes by the same process.
+Prom Fright
+The Leaver's Prom was EXACTLY as you would have designed it, if you had been asked, six months previously, to sketch out a teenager's fantasy of a posh do: white Hummer stretch limos that Arnie would have looked at and went, 'No, zis is too vulgah, even for me, aargh,' and half the girls looking as if they had been sprayed with glue, and kicked through a Disney dress-up box in the Playboy Mansion; all stripper heels and My Gypsy Wedding dresses. I feel desperately sad for a world where teenage girls feel they have to dress up as video hos to fit in, and boys are allowed a gray suit and a buzz cut (no tram lines, mind), maybe a bit of Lynx if the ladies play their cards right. On the other hand I suspect the preening and the exaggerated, cartoon caricature of glamour is a custom as old as Noah. Plus ca bleedin' change.
+Poor Vinni couldn't come to the party- instead of the Golden Ticket that Willy Goddard had promised him for trying, he Did Not Pass Go, and had to settle for hovering outside on his bike looking wistful. He deserved it, of course. And it was still sad. Vinni himself, because he's not stupid, spoke with grace and no little dignity to Vic, and the moment where he could see all his peers disappearing inside was heart wrenching. But not as much as the moment when Goddard's reserve cracked and he fell into an abyss of regret for the way things turned out with Vinni. 'It's a no-fail organisation,' he said with tears, as a million viewers knew what he meant. It's not often telly does this to you, but I think we were all feeling it at that point.
+We were spared the brutal spectacle of teachers dancing. That's one thing Vinni can be grateful for.
+But the emotional crescendo of this week, if not the whole series, was Ryan. Like a modern Galahad, he seemed too pure, too good for this world. He spoke with starry-eyed honesty about his situation, his asperger's, his life ahead, and his clumsy, beautiful thoughts about the future. If I say that the EE website describes him as 'He enjoys his own space and the company of Asterix books and fantasy novels,' then you know exactly where he's coming from. I used to program Commodore 64s and draw comic strips. I'm with you, brother.
+We knew, as soon as he spoke, that he wasn't like other people/
+'I'm not like other people,' he said (see?) and I thought, Jesus, it's Michael Jackson in Thriller (John Landis's pointless, brilliant prologue to the King of Rohypnol's' Hallowe'en-conquering masterpiece).
+'I don't mean super powered,' he added, in case we asked him to melt steel with his eyes or something. 'Different.'
+If he was different, I could wish for a little more difference in the world. His conversation with Mr Drew was like watching Muhammed Ali talking to Marilyn Monroe; two Titans of EE meeting briefly on screen: Drew asked him what animals he had seen on his visit to the Petting Zoo; Ryan replied, 'A very small frog.' I don't know why that was so funny, but I could have watched half an hour of it.
+Ryan was nominated for a Jack Petchy award. Surrounded by five adults all gushing with praise for his character, including Vic himself, he looked a stunned. 'Very nice,' he said, as if he was doing them a favour. At that moment I was reminded: Kids Like Ryan are what we come to work for. Our job is to care for, to protect, to nurture and nourish KLRs as best as we can, and then set them free, into the world as carefully as we can, knowing full well that there's nothing more we can do; they've flown the nest. They may fall, or they may flourish, but from that moment on, they're in their own hands, or someone else's. Perhaps they always were, of course, but now we can no longer catch them when they fall. No wonder this job can break your heart- as we saw from Vic's reaction to Vinni's tumble.
+Vic was in pieces as he confessed, 'If they fail, we fail.' His heart is so clearly in the right place, that I only cross him with caution, but I can only partly agree. When we have done everything we can, and when we have done even more than that, then we can only, we MUST be able to say that we have done our best. No man is responsible for things beyond his control, in the same way that I cannot be held to account for the actions of my ancestors.
+Yet the quality of Vic's regret, and the sincerity of his guilt over the matter of the Fall of Vinni shows him to be a paragon amongst educators. His sentiments, while unrepresentative of his real responsibility, contain an emotional, maybe a spiritual truth. Who would you rather taught your children- someone who saw it as a holy mission to help them to flourish, or A N Other? I suspect I could give you my answer so quickly it would shame a mongoose auditioning for Kipling.
+Goddard and his Essex posse have received an enormous amount of praise, certainly in the cyber circles which I occupy. To my mind, this show has been a huge success, not merely for next year's application figures to Passmores (although, My God, there'll be a queue round the block back to Hackney this year; if you're sharp, you can set up junk stalls selling 'Mr Drew says...' T-shirts. And pies.), but also as a decent insight into the profession for non-specialists and non-teachers (or 'Government advisers' as they're sometimes called) alike. It's been criticised by the hard of thinking for bringing the profession into disrepute, which is a bit like saying that nurses are doing a bad job because watching them wiping arses is unpleasant.
+In a society where automatic deference to authority has melted away in the race to support autonomy and child rights, the way we restore order and the hierarchy of age and experience is by structure, boundaries and loving care. We are expected to be so much more than the job description implies, and it's no wonder that so many people find the job hard these days. Society expects us to both fix and prevent its problems.
+Parents sometimes expect us to teach their children discipline, oblivious to their own intrinsic role in this process. Government expects us to imbue them with civic duty and societal values, while simultaneously asking us to deliver mathematically precise models of academic excellence, predicated on models of infinitely expanding outcomes and based on dwindling resources. The papers look to us when riots flare up, and I wonder where in my curriculum I somehow taught them to fire-bomb chip shops.
+Visit any school with even intermittently challenging students, and you will see the challenges that teachers face. Only some of the problems come from the students. In fact, the problems brought to us by the students, we can deal with: I have a Black Belt in dealing with stroppy kids and soap dodgers. The biggest problems we now face come from without, as education is marketised and riddled with bureaucracy like Swiss cheese, shoehorned into shapes by well-intentioned, but essentially quite stupid people.
+Teachers Like Vic (TLVs) and Mr Drew, and Stan, and all the others, have been an honourable representation of the other side of the Daily Mail headlines; they are the buggers with their sleeves rolled up (and in Vic's case this week, a natty polo-shirt and tie combo. It's a look) getting in early and getting home late because they want kids to be nourished by a society they never chose to inhabit. There is no greater duty that adults can adhere to, than the axiomatic principle that we care for our children: a roof, food, water, and education. Until the IT revolution promised by the edu-prophets comes to pass, and all children learn personally from cerebral implants and virtual simulators, we educate most of our kids in schools.
+Personally, I hope they all get a chance to go to a school like Passmores. Gentlemen; ladies: I salute you, and all my colleagues in schools across Britain.
+Clear off, scumbags. Until next lesson.
+Other highlights
+- I'm not saying the adverts that punctuated our favourite telly school were designed by Momus the Muse of irony, but the decision by Rimmel to flog their latest eye-spider gloop, seconds before Carrie 'What is Pi?' graced our screens was the most cunning piece of subliminal juxtaposition since Gilette started hawking razors during TOWIE. I'm just saying.
+- Oh yeah, and another advert was for the DVD release of Bad Teacher.
+- 'Sponsored by Honda' is a phrase you will be aware of, even if only at some crepuscular, lizard brain cave of your psyche. The last image we saw was of a courier hammering down some lonely tunnel, carrying precious cargo that bore the blazon: 'Human Blood: fragile.' It certainly is.
+- Ryan's Oscar winning speech, where he picked himself up and Kanye Wested himself into Vic's emotional goodbye speech. 'Sorry Vic, Imma let you finish: but the last two years have been the best years EVER.' Rivers of molten mascara flowed down the central aisle of the assembly hall, and through the living rooms of Britain. I might have had a man-tear myself. A manly one, mind.
+- Vinni's quick-as-a-flash assistance to his mate in Mr Drew's Panopticon, when asked what a rhetorical question was. He didn't even have to think before he described it with an example, and I thought to myself, that kid is smart. Hopefully in a few years he'll pick himself up and get it together, because there's brains in that young man's head.
+- Bex Conway's valiant, brilliant pastoral efforts, as ever. Followed by some wry but possibly very wise advice from Mr King about KLVs: 'It's very ambitious to plan for a win; sometimes the most you can expect is a score draw.'
+- twofour's website reports that Twitter saw over 100,000 tweets about the series. Sorry about that.
+- The last episode accrued 7.4% of the available audience. What on EARTH was everyone else watching?
+- 'School is a series of bruises.'- Vic. Amen to that.
+If you want to know how the kids have gotten on after the show, go here to the Channel 4 website to get the skinny. Or if you can bear the Daily Mail, they've done a piece here.
+Mr Drew is interviewed here.
+Thank you for reading this far, masochist.
+Great show, great blog - thanks EE, thanks Tom!
+Don't thank me, thank Howlin' Vic Goddard and his Screaming Commandos. Cheers though.
+I second you, Dan, we need another education show for Tom, and fast! The Head is an admirable man but he didn't fail Vinni as far as I could tell, and he shouldn't be blaming himself for what he couldn't control.
+It was great to see something of the Autism/Aspergers presence in school, which was totally absent from Dream School. Ryan is a poster-boy for the glories of inclusion, and seemed to have a lot of support from peers, but I hope this doesn't give a false impression of this issue. I've known of or taught SEN kids who are tormented by the schools they are sent to - they can't cope with the noise, numbers and constantly changing lessons.
+Is it wrong that I was pleased they didn't relent and let Vinni into the prom, despite his failure? Seemed a lot better than the 'you all get the scholarship!' ending of Dream School...
+Thanks Tom. You have made me want to keep on teaching. I started off with a finite (bearable) number of years to retirement. This getting close to an infinite (scary) number of years under the guidance of our government, i.e. went up from 10 to 11 this year, and now folk retiring in 10 years are to be protected, I have 11 years top go - Oh God. Your blogging about our value, as a peer has lifted me up, I am metaphorically pushing up my sleeves and getting on with it.
+"...a decent insight into the profession for non-specialists and non-teachers (or 'Government advisers' as they're sometimes called)"
+Great review(s). I'll give you an "A" :)
+I'm in agreement with the other commenters, Tom. I've enjoyed both EE and your insights into the issues that powered the programme. As a PGCE student fresh into primary classrooms (first lesson taught today!) it has been particularly instructive watching Obi-Wan Drew wielding his light sabre of patience....
+So yeah - cheers. I anticipate more Junior Apprentice reviews soon!
+What about a fly-on-the-wall in a university? Find out what £9000 gets you c'mon Channel 4 you know it makes sense. And Tom -I want the behaviour blogs based on the academics!
+"...a decent insight into the profession for non-specialists and non-teachers (or 'Government advisers' as they're sometimes called)"
+In my experience, you're right on the money TB.
+*shame of former self leaking out everywhere*
+True story.
+ graceful sturdy, attractivce and it looks expensive and a best value for the money. Karratha 3 Drawer Accent Chest is one of the most cushy, cozy, beautiful look and exotic Karratha 3 Drawer Accent Chest especially for the price and made of fabulous
+In this quick evolving realm of competition and advancement, it has been a undeniable fact that people hardly get enough time to invest at their homes, looking after on their own. It is obligatory for all of us that people spend at least half of the days amount of time in workplace, performing our responsibility. When the workplace does not have in correct tools and facilities for that employees, the workers get serious health problems. Likewise, the decorum and also the tools of the workplaces are supplied enormous significance. Nowadays, the majority of the tools are selected inside a cautious method in order to make sure the workers comfort and ease. One such important product in the office may be the ergonomic desk office chairs. As majority of the offices have turned out to be wise, which means they rely more about machine than hard physical work, ergonomic workplace chairs are specifically created for this kind of workplaces. Those are the chairs used for the use of the offices getting computer work stations. These are specially designed seats that help within the decrease in pressures on the a number of nerves of the spinal wires, thereby restricting the risk of muscular and nerve illnesses. Also they help in maintaining the right physique position. It aligns the over arms, arms, lower back, neck and the head in the correct jobs, therefore decreasing back pain, work related bone and joint problems and other such illnesses. And if you just looking for a chair to unwind, then think about among the reclining chair from your list. In this article we'll talk about the very best 15 best ergonomic desk seats in order to provide the visitors with the correct knowledge to ensure that when they buy such seats, it might be easy for them to choose the correct one.
+1.Graddy Metal Bench (Set of 2) By Williston Forge
+Read more about Graddy Metal Bench (Set of 2) By Williston Forge
+This luxurious group of urban-stylish sofas is made to supply an embellished site. Actually, even your moderate rooms may have you required for an immaculate movie evening. Lay him down to get a completely altered bed. This auparavant-garde person futon mattress is obtainable in different tones. This includes some vibrant tones out of control for example Lemon, Light Blue, and Light Purple. Place them in your inventive research or attic to assess the exuberance. It is also available in decreasing shades such as dark, dark and dark. These nuances, once again, print a respectable aspect of the upper course. With the splitting element of your back, you are able to rest for your preferred position. This couch appears rich with tufted fabric texture upholstery. The good thing is that it's personalized with hypo-allergenic filling. A conclusive outcome supplies a comfortable relaxation.
+2.Jayden Storage Bench By Loon Peak
+Read more about Jayden Storage Bench By Loon Peak
+Fluffy, overstuffed loveseat cushions are not your thing? This lying loveseat from GDF has crisper, solution outlines than your traditional reclining loveseat, making it an elegant addition to a mid-century contemporary, modern, eclectic or modern style of home. And, at only 46.46 in . in width, it's very easy to match a smaller room, like flats, dens or office spaces. Available in a number of colour and fabric options, such as grilling with charcoal material, navy blue fabric and slate micro-fiber, its simple to find the right complement for your home dcor, and also the durability your family requirements for daily use. Gone are the days of excellent-looking, but unpleasant Jayden Storage Bench you will no longer need to give up comfort for style. This lying loveseat functions an oversized, gentle, luxurious-filled chair cushioning with sufficient space for 2 or enough space for one to disseminate and relax.
+3.Griffey Storage Ottoman By Red Barrel Studio
+Read more about Griffey Storage Ottoman By Red Barrel Studio
+If you are looking for some severe relaxation, this loveseats strong pillow back and folded arms will deliverbut at a higher cost. Every chair cushioning consists of 30 person pocketed coils for spring and assistance, and strength chair froth for an extra coating of plushness and durability. Plus, the froth cushions are capped with extremely gentle, combined lower down. For the additional comfort, you will find 3 regular jobs: sitting, a slight recline by having an raised foot rest, along with a complete lie down by having an raised footrest. It doesnt harm this lying loveseat appears lux, either. Its all-leather furniture and ornamental nail head trim provide a vintage look that may work with a lot of home decorations styles, from conventional to country to crafts and arts. In addition, leather stands up nicely against everyday use, kids and dog locks and nails. Just be sure you condition the leather each and every six to 12 months.
+4.Fresno Rustic Oak Bench By Loon Peak
+Read more about Fresno Rustic Oak Bench By Loon Peak
+This RTA loveseat offers various kinds of upholstery with respect to the material. That significantly includes bed linen and velvet. Sophisticated shades, Marzipan, Stoneware-Light tan and Rye-Brown improve the style of the couch. Select the shading and the material that will depend on the stylistic design of your living space. Not only the covering, the material can also reflect the difference in style. Ensure that the material you select matches the concept of the space. This loveseat votes in support of mixing the present style by having an exemplary style. It has been moved up by the hands that begin to pass through the couch. With this particular mix, you simply see enhanced comfort and ease and tasteful style when lighting the pads.
+5.Dickens Upholstered Bench By Alcott Hill
+Read more about Dickens Upholstered Bench By Alcott Hill
+This fits you if all you need is a beautiful coach. It is designed with a flared frame and pillow top amrests inside a awesome cobblestone gray. Now, it's resilient froth cushions that are obsessed with in a polyester furniture to create the desired comfort. It has a durable part obstructed frame that adds to the sturdiness. Also, feet have been in a faux wooden complete. We have an remarkable gray colour that suits with any decoration. Its dimensions are 89 T x 39 Deb x 40 H therefore big enough to support you along with your familyOrbuddies. More importantly, it occurs completely assembled. This saves you the agony of getting to assemble the established.
+6.Fabric Storage Bench By American Furniture Classics
+Read more about Fabric Storage Bench By American Furniture Classics
+This sofa is praised for distinctive style and luxury. Its impressive pazazz-equip sofa with chairs offers you maximum space for stretching and relaxing in your room. So generally the contemporary sofa chaise adds to the beauty of this set. The established also includes cushion top arms cushioned back again and seats for optimum comfort. The couch includes a large part-obstructed wood body that provides the sofa sufficient sturdiness. The couch steps 89 in . wide by 62 inches in depth by 4 in . in height which makes it suitable for moderate size rooms. You may want to do small putting together for example of the thighs.
+7.Randel Upholstered Storage Bench By Alcott Hill
+Read more about Randel Upholstered Storage Bench By Alcott Hill
+This fits you if you just need a beautiful coach. It is made with a flared body and cushion leading amrests in a cool cobblestone grey. Now, it has tough froth soft cushions that are obsessed with inside a rayon furniture to create the desired comfort. It has a sturdy corner obstructed frame that adds to the toughness. Also, the feet are in a fake wooden complete. We have an impressive grey colour that suits with any decoration. Its dimensions are 89 T x 39 Deb by 40 H thus large enough to accommodate you together with your familyOrbuddies. More to the point, it arrives completely put together. This saves you the pain of having to assemble the set.
+8.Valerie Storage Ottoman By Alcott Hill
+Read more about Valerie Storage Ottoman By Alcott Hill
+Carolina Light Grey Material Sectional Couch is well known for its spectacular comfort and impressive style. It has a lift-up style that allows for many arrangement choices to suit your needs.The set features soft material and pushes cushions to create the desired comfort. More to the point, its of a good dimension to accommodate you together with the group of buddies. With respect to the available space as well as your preferred form, you can mix and match the I chairs to produce an impressive form. Its recommended for all those with little rooms and requires a sofa.
+9.Kwan Wood Storage Bench By Red Barrel Studio
+Read more about Kwan Wood Storage Bench By Red Barrel Studio
+This set of RTA sofas comes in various furniture smoothness. Some of them incorporate glued leather, linen, corduroy, linen consistency, rayon. You just need to find the correct tapestry in significance for your balanced requirements. Obtainable supplies provide an simple-to-clean component. A attribute that suggests its adaptability to resist food and drinks. The extravagant seat and back cushions vote in favor of a reducing-edge appear. The square shaped equip that starts just above them improves the magnificence. You have the conveniences and soft designs that hit your entry.
+10.Lembus Upholstered Bench By Mercury Row
+Read more about Lembus Upholstered Bench By Mercury Row
+This set comes with the entire utility of Sleeper Couch with an excellent couch style. It incorporates restricted arms, company chair cushions and complete-dimension sleeping pad with inner comes. It is eliminated underneath to clean it and remove it having a easy raising instrument. This mat is strengthened with a sturdy steel edge. is a calculating rule and it has a Bi-falling apart emphasize. Among the deserving things to mention may be the consolation! Location this extremely comfy sofa inside your comfortable living room. Besides providing a natural and tasteful atmosphere, it provides an attractive character to your visitors. You may make your buddies stay for any enjoyable night of films. The couch has carcasses with blocked edges and fake-finishing on its legs. The cushions are, however, modified and can include excellent versatility. It is covered with a heavy polyethylene fiber having a drawstring advantage.
+Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
+Satellite Back From The Dead 176
+Papa Legba writes "Just ran across this amazing story about an amateur satellite that has returned from the dead. AMSAT-OSCAR 7 was launched in 1974 for radio hobbyists to use. In 1981 the onboard batteries died and the satellite went silent. Then on June 21st 2002, 20 years later, a hobbyist testing some new equipment made an amazing discovery. AMSAT-OSCAR 7 is live once more, both broadcasting and accepting signals. The theory expounded is that the dead battery short that took the satellite offline has cleared and it is now only running on its solar cells. While this does restrict it to daytime use, it is amazing that it works at all. " This was in the science section before - but worth the front page.
+did anybody check (Score:5, Funny)
+Re:did anybody check (Score:4, Funny)
+Re:did anybody check (Score:1)
+Please, wait to signal it. (Score:5, Funny)
+We don't want the first extraterrestrial slashdotting.
+Google Cache (Score:1, Troll)
+Is anyone else... (Score:2, Funny)
+Just don't talk to this thing for too long. It might not be quite the same as it was before.
+One Word... (Score:2)
+Re:One Word... (Score:2)
+Foolish humans. (Score:2, Funny)
+Invasion date set to July 1st.
+P.S. Make sure mothership is upgraded with latest security patch, we don't want some nerd with an apple laptop to hack our shield system again.
+Re:Foolish humans. (Score:3, Funny)
+wait a sec (Score:4, Funny)
+And all this time I thought those herbal treatments they advertised were stupid scams!
+Re:wait a sec (Score:5, Funny)
+i don't know about you, but my amateur penis doesn't have onboard batteries.
+Re:wait a sec (Score:1, Funny)
+Re:wait a sec (Score:1)
+Re:wait a sec (Score:1)
+---
+Re:wait a sec (Score:3, Funny)
+Re:wait a sec (Score:4, Funny)
+Oh, wait...
+Pornolized (Score:1)
+Makes me wonder.... (Score:2, Funny)
+Re:Makes me wonder.... (Score:2)
+Re:Makes me wonder.... (Score:1)
+someone must hate the admins over there... (Score:5, Funny)
+Re:someone must hate the admins over there... (Score:2)
+Re:someone must hate the admins over there... (Score:2)
+More info: (Score:5, Informative)
+AMSAT Miracle.
+Jan King W3GEY commented,  solid its its electronics is concerned. Even the damn precision reference voltage regulator is still in calibration!"
+Like many of us, stunned by the announcement of the return of an old friend, Past President and BOD Chairman Bill Tynan added "Wow! Shades of Harry Potter and Steven King. It makes one believe in ghosts."
+[ANS thanks President Robin Haighton for this item]
+Comes back alive... (Score:1, Redundant)
+Maybe an Alien turned it back on for us! (Score:2, Funny)
+Seems Slashdotted... (Score:5, Informative)
+Nasa Catalog Number: 7530
+Launched: November 15, 1974
+Launch vehicle: Delta 2310
+Launched piggyback with: ITOS-G (NOAA 4) and the Spanish INTASAT
+Launch location: Vandenberg Air Force Base, Lompoc, California
+Weight: 28.6 kg
+Orbit: 1444 x 1459 km
+Inclination: Inclination 101.7 degrees
+Period:
+Size: Octahedral shaped 360 mm high and 424 mm in diameter
+Modes: A, B, and C
+Type: linear, non-inverting
+Uplink: 145.850 - 145.950 MHz
+Downlink: 29.400 - 29.500 MHz
+Translation Equation:
+Downlink (MHz) = Uplink (MHz) - 116.450 MHz +/- Doppler
+Output Power: 1.3 watts PEP (start of life)
+Transponder II: Mode B and Mode C (low power)
+Type: linear, inverting
+Uplink: 432.125 - 432.175 MHz *See Note
+Downlink: 145.975 - 145.925 MHz
+Translation Equation:
+Downlink (MHz) = 578.100 - uplink (MHz) +/- Doppler
+Output Power: 8 watts PEP Mode B (start of life), 2.5 watts PEP Mode C
+Telemetry:
+Similar to AO-6. Built by a multi-national (German, Canadian, United States, and Australian) team of radio amateurs under the direction of AMSAT-NA. It carried Mode A (145.850-950 MHz uplink and 29.400-500 MHz downlink) and Mode B (432.180-120 MHz uplink and 145.920-980 MHz downlink (inverted)) linear transponders and 29.500 and 145.700 MHz beacons. The 2304.1 MHz was never turned on because of international treaty constraints.
+Four radio masts mounted at 90 degree intervals on the base and two experimental repeater systems provided store-and-forward for morse and teletype messages (Codestore) as it orbited around the world. The Mode-B transponder was designed and build by Karl Meinzer, DJ4ZC and Werner Haas, DJ5KQ. The Mode-B transponder was the first using "HELAPS" (High Efficient Linear Amplification by Parametric Synthesis) technology was developed by Dr. Karl Meinzer as part of his Ph.D.
+Additional information about AO-7 was printed in the September 1974 AMSAT Newsletter [slashdot.org].
+AO-7 was operational for 6.5 years until a battery failure ceased operation in mid 1981. Then on June 21, 2002, Pat Gowen, G3IOR, posted this email message on AMSAT-BB:
+Jan King, W3GEY, the AMSAT-OSCAR-7 Project Manager commented:
+The full text of W3GEY's comments are here [slashdot.org].
+Initial reports on the health of AO-7 are:
+References
+[slashdot.org] Return to Satellite Summary [slashdot.org]
+Credits: Thanks G3IOR, WD0E, W3GEY, DB2OS, W3IWI.
+Last update June 23, 2002 - N7HPR [mailto]
+Re:Seems Slashdotted... (Score:1)
+Well nuts, my Intel P4 is fater than that!
+Re:Seems Slashdotted... (Score:1)
+How does this work? (Score:1, Offtopic)
+You'll have to forgive me, but I don't understand how SlashDot works. Both articles are in the "Science" section, under the "Space" topic. Why is one on the front page, and one not on the front page?
+If the "Front Page" bit has nothing to do with the "Section" bit, why not just click the "Front Page" bit on the original story, instead of running two stories and fragmenting the comments? Aren't the comments valuable at all around here? Or do only the stories matter?
+And, are "topics" orthogonal to "sections", or do the sections partition the topics, or what? What the hell is a topic, and why does each story only seem to have one?
+Re:How does this work? (Score:1)
+daytime use? (Score:2)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:2)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:2)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:2)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+daytime anywhere. check satscape () or heavens abobe () (among others) for satellite pass predictions for your particular cordinates.
+Only place that matters?
+You got to be kidding, right? Last time I recall, Earth was the only place that matter. For all of us (not only US, got the joke
+;)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+Um, NO! (Score:4, Informative)
+NO amateur satellites are there - The cost of launch is simply too prohibitive, and it raises groundstation equipment requirements too much.
+The highest-flying amateur satellites (AO-10 and AO-40) are in highly elliptical orbits. Almost all others are in various low-earth orbits, circling the Earth every 80-100 minutes.
+Do a freshmeat search for "predict" - It's an excellent satellite position prediction package for Linux.
+Oh, and BTW. (Score:3, Informative)
+AO-10 and AO-40 require relatively high-gain antennas (Yagis or dishes) and tracking systems to use them.
+Some of the LEO satallites, especially the FM repeater satellite UO-14 (AO-27 is the same type/orbit but runs lower downlink power and isn't on 24/7) are acessible using a $200-300 dual-band handheld with a good whip antenna. Spend $60-70 for an Arrow antenna and you can get EXCELLENT results.
+2000+ mile range with 5 watts and an entirely handheld setup - Talk about cool.
+From Ithaca, NY, I have heard a station in Mexico and one in Edmonton, AB on a regular basis via UO-14. I've even heard California.
+Andy, N2YPH
+I need to replace my antenna... The old one sucked and broke. Only $10 though.
+Shortwave radio? (Score:1)
+It may not be so reliable or clear, but I can receive stations from North Carolina in London.
+Re:Shortwave radio? (Score:2)
+Secondly, HF propagation is susceptible to the whims of the Sun.
+Thirdly, you can achieve higher bandwidths at satellite frequencies.
+Lastly, and now that I think about, most importantly, is one of the reasons I pointed out earlier - At VHF/UHF, antennas are much smaller - You can get incredible range out of a tiny package, whereas with HF you need comparatively huge antennas.
+Re:Um, NO! (Score:1)
+Do a freshmeat search for "predict" - It's an excellent satellite position prediction package for Linux.
+"Predict" can be found at
+Re:Um, NO! (Score:1)
+apt-get install predict
+installs it.
+As a ham interested in satellite work, I find this to be quite interesting. Ever since I 'upgraded' to Linux, I've had no satellite tracking software. (Although I never really used it under Windows, so I hadn't even noticed anything missing.)
+planettrack is fun. (Score:2)
+It has a really nice socket interface with some good Perl example code, which I was hoping to use to automatically do Doppler correction for a Kenwood TS-790 (I think that was the model... Either way, it was a dual-band all-mode VHF/UHF rig W2CXM bought for satellite work - But I graduated so no more TS-790...)
+It has built-in support for a few automatic antenna tracking systems, and for the rest there's the socket interface.
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:1)
+Re:daytime use? (Score:2, Informative)
+"We're Back From the Dead" (Score:1)
+What about the SPOT satellites? (Score:2)
+The SPOT 3 satellite died in orbit on November 1996, way before its SPOT 4 successor was launched (March 1998). Meanwhile, to be able to continue their business [spotimage.fr], the owners of the SPOT network more or less resurrected SPOT 1, which was launched on February 1986.
+Sadly, I don't remember or even knew all the details, so I would be glad if someone could step up to provide some more.
+Related, but slightly OT: last November, a 50 Mbps laser link between SPOT 4 orbiting at 832 km and another satellite (Artemis) orbiting at 31,000 km was successfully tested [spotimage.fr]. This allows ground stations to keep contact with SPOT 4 for a much longer time, and avoids having to rely too much on the onboard storage systems. Now, that's high-tech.
+Back from the DEAD.... (Score:1, Funny)
+It's Alive!!
+It's Alive!!
+_______________________________________________
+Re:Back from the DEAD.... (Score:2)
+Re:Back from the DEAD.... (Score:1)
+Grrrrr.... argh..... solid transisitors.... must have... transistors.... argh....
+Scary! (Score:1)
+and for its next incredible feet (Score:1)
+Illegal to contact dead satellites (Score:5, Interesting)
+So, basically what they are telling us is that it is illegal to do something that was legal when it originally came out, (which is what the government usually does). We can't use the satellite for it's original purpose.
+In other words, it's illegal to talk to previously dead satellites.
+Re:Illegal to contact dead satellites (Score:1)
+It is now illegal for a amateur to transmit on that frequency to that satellite as the frequency has been reassigned to other uses (not Amateur Radio).
+Re:Illegal to contact dead satellites (Score:2)
+Another thing 432.1 is a legal frequency for us hams to transmit on in the US - and its a well known fact that the so called band plan is a gentlemens agreement (in the same since lsb is used for bands below 20 meters) in other words its not a law. 432.1 is in the weak signal portion of the 70cm band - personally I've always considered some satellite work weak signal.
+Re:Illegal to contact dead satellites (Score:5, Informative)
+While I doubt enforcement efforts would be made against the curious, it is in AMSAT's best interest not to encourage use of this bird. AMSAT is generally highly respected by the various administrations around the globe and won't jeopardrise their reputation by encouraging something that may be considered illegal by some.
+I suggest you put the interests of Amateur Radio ahead of your own. If it can be shown that amateurs won't even obey the rules within their service then our chances for many significant gains at WRC 2003 and beyond will diminish greatly.
+Not quite. (Score:5, Informative)
+Illegal or not, most amateurs will not transmit there as it's reserved for weak-signal work, and who knows, they might want to run moonbounce themselves sometime in the future.
+If 432.1 were in repeater or FM simplex territory, no one would care.
+Either way - The satellite has two uplinks and this only affects one of them.
+If you want to track Oscar 7... (Score:5, Informative)
+Also, you may see it's orbit here [heavens-above.com]
+Re:If you want to track Oscar 7... (Score:1)
+Behold.... (Score:1)
+Taken over? (Score:1)
+One can only wonder what messages they intend to send, and if they are listening for us to respond.
+Too bad it's not a Microsoft satellite (Score:4, Funny)
+Re:Too bad it's not a Microsoft satellite (Score:2)
+Oh come on -- if it *were* a Microsoft satellite then the hAkre d00dzE would have already taken it over and used it to knock all the government-owned satellites out of orbit
+Microsoft would have responded by issuing a "Trustworthy Orbiting" initiative and advised everyone to upgrade to "Satellite XP" -- but only if they're prepare to sign the new licensing agreement that includes something about ownership of your firstborn child.
+Oh no! (Score:2)
+You came across a beacon transmitting S CLUB 7 ?!?!
+NO! SHUT THEM ALL DOWN! HURRY! Listen to them, R2... they're dying in there... We're all doomed....
+Slashdotting a satellite (Score:5, Funny)
+I find it amazing that a hunk of metal orbiting our planet for longer than I have been alive still functions, yet a modern webserver with possibly more advanced components succombs to slashdotting in minutes.
+Solution: Build webservers out of 1974 satellite components. (Although that large gap of 20 years downtime may pose a problem.)
+Re:Slashdotting a satellite (Score:2)
+Re:Slashdotting a satellite (Score:3, Funny)
+equipment ? (Score:1)
+Re:equipment ? (Score:2)
+Re:equipment ? (Score:4, Informative)
+See [arrl.org]
+for a general overview of Ham radio.
+Then you can set up your radios and antennas.
+A page was referenced, but posted by an AC so its only at 0. Here's the link again: [qsl.net]
+As for books, look around the ARRL site, they have a vast collection of good books.
+-----------
+73 de K6LNX
+Re:equipment ? (Score:1)
+Re:equipment ? (Score:1)
+Anyhoo, you do need at least a no-code (morse code) license to use a ham radio, and that basic license gets you privlidges above 50mhz. (6 meter).
+Higher class licenses require a code test at 5wpm. You can upgrade a tech license to a tech plus code if you wish.
+Definately check out for a whole buncha information, or go pick up a book at any bookstore or Radio Shack.
+V'Ger arrives at Earth and signals its Creator. (Score:1)
+From Star Trek - The Movie
+V'Ger arrives at Earth and signals its Creator.
+When there is no response, V'Ger blasts energy bolts at the planet in an attempt to rid it of all its carbon infestations.
+First contact... (Score:5, Funny)
+Radio technician: Sir! We're getting a signal from a satellite that's...
+Commander: That's what, soldier?
+Radio technician: *gulp* Well, sir, there's those stories about ghost satellites... I mean, we always thought they were just, you know, made up...
+Commander: What the hell are you talking about, son? Spit it out!
+Radio technician: I better just play the transmission for you, sir.
+Satellite: BRRAIIINNNSSSS....
+Radio technician: It's... it's a zombie satellite, sir. Undead.
+Commander: (quietly) God help us all. (to technician) Get me the Pentagon!
+Radio technician: Uh... sir... the phone lines are dead! (suddenly the power goes out)
+Commander: Oh. My. God. (satellite bursts out of a closet and eats the commander)
+In A.D. 2101 (Score:5, Funny)
+Mechanic: Somebody set up us the bomb.
+Operator: We get signal.
+Captain: What !
+Operator: Main screen turn on.
+Captain: It's You !!
+Satellite: How are you gentlemen !!
+Satellite: All your base are belong to us.
+Satellite: You are on the way to destruction.
+Captain: What you say !!
+Satellite: You have no chance to survive make your time.
+Satellite: HA HA HA HA
+Captain: Take off every 'zig' !!
+Captain: You know what you doing.
+Captain: Move 'zig'.
+Captain: For great justice.
+August 4, 1977 (Score:1)
+... And Oscar-7 fights back.
+Re:First contact... (Score:2)
+Messages from Outer Space (Score:2, Funny)
+In 2002 A.D. (Score:1)
+What !!
+Even more mirrors (Score:2)
+yes, clearly worth the front page (Score:2)
+What I don't get (O/T) (Score:1)
+..and still nobody has written up the spidergoat story [news.com.au]...
+Why would NASA launch it?????????? (Score:1)
+Did we have a budget surplus or something?
+Re:Why would NASA launch it?????????? (Score:1)
+Its very rare that just an amateur satellite gets launched on its own. They're usually small enough to be used for ballast, or they "tag along" with one that has extra room on the rocket.
+Advanced math? Trig, calculus, orbital mechanics.. (Score:5, Funny)
+Subtraction.
+-
+Believe (Score:1)
+Hmmmm... (Score:2)
+After 20 years... (Score:1)
+Seriously though... don't they (= whoever puts the sat up there) have a cleanup-plan to get the things back down on earth when they are retired? I know it's very, very expensive, but (1) so is the satellite, and (2) I generally wonder about the likelyhood of problems if everyone leaves their electronic junk up there, collisions by deviation of orbit and interference and things like that...
+After all, it can't be that hard to just crash it in the atmosphere and let it go up in smoke, if they want to get rid of it. Then at least we won't hear about some spaceship or newer satellite hitting one of those old piles of junk in 20 years, or some other fun thing happening (more likely every day) to these expensive toys.
+Re:After 20 years... (Score:1)
+As to why it wasn't deorbited, I don't think it had a kick motor as it was intended to be placed in a LEO and remain there. Also, launch opportunities at the time dictated great restraints on size and weight so the focus was on radio capability. Also, let's not forget that the battery failure AO-7 suffered would have precluded any possibility to command it to de-orbit and most folks would not have wanted the liability associated with the thing de-orbiting itself at random.
+At some point a method of cleanup in space will probably be necessary. While not active for better than 20 years, AO-7 was still tracked and you can bet that anything lauched today still takes its orbit into account so a crash won't happen, unless something goes drastically wrong.
+One day AO-7 will return to Earth due to the natural forces of orbital decay. In the mean time I think this is a fascinating story and is worth following.
+So... (Score:2, Funny)
+There's hope for my marriage, after all.
+it's y2k (Score:1)
+Did anyone check (Score:1)
+Re:Oh, gee. (Score:1)
+Re:worth the front page? (Score:1)
+Ain't gonna happen. (Score:2)
+802.11 is just not suited well for space-based communications anyway...
+Service price varies by technician
+Hand Care
+Foot Care
+Why should salons be boring? Our services are offered in a luxurious, chic and professional atmosphere.
+*We make our own line of exfoliating scrubs and hydrating lotions. Offering 4 scents; Grapefruit Mint Tea, Coconut Lime, Pomegranate, and Lavender Vanilla.
+See them in our store!
+Created and Designed by Paixao!
+Who needs water when you can get Luxurious Hot Towels!?!
+Wrap your head around the cleanest and most sanitary pedicure in Albuquerque. #experiencetheclean
+All prices and services listed on this website are subject to change without notice
+Paixão Signature Hot Towel Manicure
+$30 -$40
+Service starts with trimming, shaping, and buffing. Enjoy a spa hot towel treatment using our hand made sugar scrub. Finish with Paixão's cuticle oil and a luxurious massage using our hand made lotion.
+*Choose from over 150, 10-Free BioSculpture lacquer colors.
+No Chip Gel Manicure
+$33 - $43
+This is a dry manicure, as soaking in water can cause lifting. Nails are prepped by trimming, shaping and buffing to perfection. Choose from our 180+ colors of 100% pure gel line of products. Cuticle and hands are re-hydrated using our very own cuticle oil and hand made lotion.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+5-Star Safety Rated BioSculpture Gel Manicure
+$45 - $57
+Service starts with trimming, shaping, and buffing. Followed by the application of this amazing gel, which is infused with multiple vitamins designed to enhance your natural nails, promote nail health and growth. The finishing touch includes Paixão's very own cuticle oil and massage using our hand made lotion.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+BioSculpture Gel Fill
+$50 - $62
+After trimming, shaping and buffing, BioSculpture is re-applied to each nail. This technique allows your nails to benefit from this vitamin infused product. Service is finished by re-hydrating the cuticles using Paixão's cuticle oil followed by a hand massage.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+BioSculpture Gel Extensions
+$65 - $95
+Using the BioSculpture system, this service adds length to your existing nails. Glued tips are never used, each nail is professionally customized using a nail form. Service is finished by re-hydrating the cuticles using Paixão's cuticle oil followed by a hand massage.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+Full Set Acrylic Extensions
+$45 - $75
+After preparing your nail bed for this enhancement, nail length is then extended sing nail forms. Service is finished with our hand made cuticle oil and lotion massage.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+Acrylic Fill
+$35 - $50
+Prepare nail bed for re-application of acrylic, then file and shape to perfection. Finish with our hand made cuticle oil and lotion massage.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+Acrylic Overlay
+$40 - $55
+This service is an alternative to the acrylic "dip" nails. We use a professional grade of acrylic which is then applied over the natural nail as an enhancement. Finished with our hand made cuticle oil and lotion massage.
+*Add a spa hot towel treatment for $12
+Kids Manicure
+10 & under
+$20
+Trim, file and shape nails. Polish.
+*Add gel for $5
+Hair Styling
+Paixão's Hairstylists specialize in services like balayage, highlights, and haircuts. Both follow the latest trends and techniques in color, ombre and color corrections.
+*To book an appointment please click on the link below or call
+Melissa Morales - 505.261.7911
+Mariana Gomez - 505.907.5582
+Hair Cuts
+$20-$42
+Call or book online to reserve an appointment.
+--Women's $42
+--Kids $20
+Treatments
+$35-$65
+Book a special treatment today.
+--Shampoo/Straight Blowout $35
+--Shampoo/Curled Blowout $38
+--Brazilian Blowout/Split Ends $45
+--Olaplex Treatment $65
+--Toners $48
+Color Treatments
+$45-$335
+Color prices are based on length and hair density. *Prices can be adjusted during client consultations.
+--Color re-touch, 3 fingers/less $45
+--Highlight re-touch, 3 fingers/less $65
+--Balayage $130-$230
+--Extraction $110-$335
+Lashes & Brows
+Our lash and brow treatments are the perfect add on to any service. Schedule your appointment today!
+Eyebrow Lamination
+$45
+This treatment smooths brows in a vertical direction, hiding small gaps and creating an illusion of a fuller brow.
+Eyebrow Tinting
+$35
+A safe solution is used to tint eyebrows. A beautiful addition for a flawless look.
+Eyelash Lift
+$40
+This treatment boosts and lifts each individual lash for longer looking lashes.
+Eyelash Tinting
+$25
+This treatment is done using a safe product to tint your lashes. Works great with our eyelash lift service.
+Paixão Signature Hot Towel Pedicure
+$43 - $50
+Indulge your feet in steaming hot towels throughout this entire service. Includes three (yes, three) soothing massages using our hand made exfoliating sugar scrub, nourishing body butter and hydrating lotion.
+*Choose from over 150, 10-Free BioSculpture lacquer colors.
+No Chip Gel Pedicure
+$53 - $60
+This service includes all of the amazing steps that you get from our Signature Hot Towel Pedicure. At the end of this service choose from our 180+ colors of 100% pure gel line of products..
+Kids Pedicure
+10 & under
+$30
+A miniature version of our Hot Towel Pedicure is customized to fit your little ones perfect toes.
+*Add gel for $5
+Paixão Hot Stone Treatment
+$10
+Have tired hands or feet? What better way to treat them with our Hot Stone Treatment. This amazing "add-on" will leave your hands and feet feeling relaxed and refreshed. We've made it even better adding a longer Hot Stone Massage.
+*Add this to any hand or foot service.
+Service Add-Ons
+$5 +
+For detailed hand painted nail art that takes longer than an hour to complete, customer will be charged an additional $20/hr
+--Nail Repairs $5+
+--Nail Strengthener $7
+--Accent Nail (2 nails only) $7
+--Custom Art (3 nails or more) $12
+--Matte Nails $7
+--French $7+
+--Rhinestones/Swarovski $7+
+Hair Removal
+All waxing services are done by Paixão's Beauty Professionals.
+* Now offering body sugaring with Sarah... a less invasive form of hair removal. Schedule an appointment with Sarah today.
+Brow Shaping
+$20 - $25
+Re-shape brows using waxing or *sugaring techniques.
+Facial Hair Removal
+$15 - $65
+Facial hair removal using waxing or *sugaring techniques.
+--Chin $15-*$20
+--Lip $15-*$20
+--Full face $50-*$65
+Body Hair Removal
+$15 - $75
+Full body hair removal using waxing or *sugaring techniques.
+--Underarms $22-$30*
+--Arms $30-$40* plus
+--Legs $55+
+--Bikini $40-$50*
+--Brazilian $65-$75*
+--Chest/Back $55-$70*
+--Stomach $35-$45*
+--Toes $15-$20*
+--Nostrils $20
+Facials
+Paixão Aesthetics is now being offered in the salon. Natalia, our esthetician specializes in numerous types of facials. Schedule an appointment today and take advantage of these amazing services.
+Back Facial
+$80
+Struggling with back acne? Or just want a relaxing hour to yourself? Relax and refresh with this hour long back facial that includes a double cleanse, extractions, masque, gentle massage, and finishing products. 60 min.
+Ultimate Glow Facial
+$80
+This is our basic facial. It's perfect for monthly maintenance. One hour of a fully customized combination of manual or ultrasonic extractions, enzyme or physical exfoliation, hydro-jelly mask, facial ice rolling and finishing products. Sure to leave you glowing like never before. 60 min.
+Express Facial
+$55
+If you're short on time and your skin needs a little extra boost, this facial is for you! This 30 minute fully customized treatment includes double cleanse with steam towels, light exfoliation to encourage skin regeneration and a soothing mask, ending with a gentle massage, and finishing products. *Extractions not included but can be added to service.
+30 min.
+Ultrasonic Facial
+$70
+Dealing with acne and congestion? This facial uses sound waves and vibrations to lift out dead skin cells, blackheads, debris, bacteria, oil, and everything else that gets trapped in your pores. Post extractions, the ultrasonic sound waves and vibrations help with product penetration of serums and creams specific to your skin care needs. 60 min.
+Dermaplane Facial
+$90
+Dermaplaning is a physical exfoliation treatment that uses a surgical steel scalpel to remove vellus hair (aka peach fuzz) and dead skin cells by gently scraping the skin. Benefits include: better product penetration and absorption, smoother makeup application, more radiant complexion, even skin tone and texture, and can even lighten the appearance of dark spots after several treatments. No downtime. *Do not book if you have several acne lesions/cysts present. 60 min.
+Momma to be Facial
+$120
+The mommy to be facial is perfect for expectant and breast-feeding mothers. This relaxing facial includes physical exfoliation, extractions, gentle massage, and a combination of enzymes and serums targeting pigmentation and brightening of the skin. This treatment also includes a "belly facial" which contains a hydro jelly mask and serums to target hydration and pigmentation from stretch marks. Ending this treatment with LED light therapy, you're sure to leave refreshed, relaxed and revived. All products are safe for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers. Not recommended for pregnant women in their third trimester. 90 min.
+Booty Facial
+$40
+A booty facial or "fanny facial" is similar to a back facial but is specifically designed for your butt. This treatment is intended to help get rid of dark spots and acne. Includes a cleanse with steam towels, dry brushing, sugar scrub, extractions (if needed) and finishing products. Good for all skin types. 45 min.
+Vajacial
+$35
+Sooth your skin after a Brazilian wax or sugaring service with a hydro-jelly mask that leaves your skin glowing and hydrated. The Vajacial treats ingrown hairs, removes dead skin cells and smooths bumps around the bikini line. *Add a Vajacial to your next Brazilian for a discounted rate of $25. 30 min.
+Add-Ons
+$10-$15
+LED Light Therapy - LED light therapy is mainly used to boost collagen production and kill acne causing bacteria. This is a 10-20 minute add on to almost any facial that increases the results of your facial. $15
+Hydro-jelly Mask - Hydro-jelly masks are deeply hydrating and nourishing with multiple benefits. These masks aid in diminishing fine lines and wrinkles, cooling off the skin with anti-inflammatory ingredients, and helping facilitate skin repair. *Included in some facials. Ask for details. $15
+High Frequency - High frequency uses high frequency waves to kill acne causing bacteria as well as diminish fine lines and wrinkles. This treatment also helps with healing and preventing acne lesions as well as increasing skin circulation. $15
+Extraction - Careful and decisive cleaning of pores can be added to most facials. $10
+Remember those final days of your late teenage years, where you excitedly anticipated your coming twenties like a child anticipates Disney Land? And like Disney Land, you envisioned your twenties to be full of roller coaster rides, pretty dresses and people vomiting (from all the awesome parties you’re going to attend, obviously). Except, like Disney Land, your twenties rarely turns out just like you had planned.
+So here it is: Your Twenties- Expectations vs Reality
+Expectation:
+You’re going to join your close circle of friends every day for grown up lattes/wine and engage in witty repartee (preferably in an uber-pretentious East Village style cafe)
+Reality:
+Erm, you know those job things? Yeah, you’ll actually have to get one. Which means there’ll be no day time mocha-sessions and by night, you’ll look like this:
+Source
+(Except that you’re a human, duh)
+Expectation:
+You’re going to live in a swanky apartment with your best friends/gay roommate and engage in all sort of misadventures. There may even be a laugh track to accompany your every move.
+Reality:
+Erm, you know that little thing called “rent”? Well, turns out it’s expensive. This is more likely where you’ll wind up:
+Expectation:
+By your mid to late twenties, you’re going to be the CEO of your very own business. Doing what? Doesn’t matter! CEO B**CHES!!
+Reality:
+Calm down there, Branson. This isn’t The Apprentice. Sure, you might be the CEO…of the stamp licking department.
+Expectation:
+You’re going to go travelling and meet so many interesting people…
+and they’ll make a film called ‘The Beach’ based on your adventures
+Source
+Reality:
+Traveling costs money. Which you don’t have. Cause you’re poor. Sorry.
+Expectation:
+You’ll finally be a grown-up; independent of your parents and ready to take on the world all by yourself.
+Reality:
+To your parents, you will always be a kid. Especially when you call them to tell them there’s a spider in your bath.
+Expectation:
+You won’t make any mistakes in your twenties because you’ll be so mature.
+Possibly you
+Reality:
+…but more than likely, you’ll still be doing this:
+Expectation:
+You’ll get married.