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+Lightning Hybrids to Introduce Hydraulic Hybrid Sports Sedan at Denver Auto Show
+9 March 2009
+Colorado start-up Lightning Hybrids will unveil the prototype of its hydraulic hybrid four-seat sports sedan at the Denver Auto Show 1-5 April. This will also mark the public debut for the hydraulic hybrid drivetrain.
+The car, the LH4, features a 240 hp (179 kW) drivetrain consisting of a 90 hp (67 kW) proprietary 2-stroke biodiesel and 150 hp (112 kW) hydraulic system. The car will average 100 miles to the gallon and will be able to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in less than six seconds. It has a unique clamshell door that opens upward to allow for superior aerodynamics. Cd on the car is 0.20.
+The car will also be available in a three-door four-seat car, and the drivetrain technology will be made available in a fleet vehicle retrofit called a Hybrid Retrofit System (HRS) in mid-2010. Lightning Hybrids is also developing the LH3, a three-wheel commuter vehicle using the same drivetrain.
+Lightning Hybrids is keeping specific design details secret, pending US and international patent filings. The company says it anticipates numerous patent filings are anticipated, the most significant attributable to the design of an integrated hydraulic axial piston engine. Claimed features of the drivetrain include:
+- Lightweight; <1 lb/hp
+- true cylinder deactivation for high part load efficiency
+- no transmission
+- no valves, flywheel or crankshaft weights
+- 100% energy braking recovery
+A small carbon fiber accumulator operating between 5,000-7,000 psi will provide for braking recovery energy storage, and will provide power for a full throttle launch to 60 mph in under 5.9 seconds.
+Conventional space frame design techniques fabricated from chrome molybdenum tubing will provide the major structural elements, very similar to Indy and formula cars.
+Founded in 2008, Lightning Hybrids has designed two hydraulic hybrid cars. Prototype manufacturing began in January 2009. The two cars will compete in the 2010 Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize race, with $10 million in prizes to be awarded to the teams that win a stage race for clean, production-capable vehicles that exceed 100 MPGe.
+March 9, 2009 in Hydraulic Hybrid | Permalink | Comments (14) | TrackBack (0)
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+2-stroke diesel?? say what!!!
+Posted by: dursun | March 09, 2009 at 09:53 AM
+Interesting. They're the first hydraulic hybrid design I've seen that focuses on lightweight and sporty. My guess is that they don't try to store very many seconds of full thrust in their pressure tanks, and that it's mostly designed to be a cheaper-than-batteries braking energy recovery system, and perhaps a compact transmission as well. They've gone for a fairly small engine...so my guess is that top speed won't be very high, but you can get there quickly. Also, they can run their 90-hp engine at optimum RPM almost all the time, since all they're doing is charging the pressure tank with it. This should give them much better efficiency on most duty cycles. That's all the potential upside.
+The potential downside are questions about noise, safety, and how quickly it wears out. Some of this technology is similar to what's used in forklifts, but people rarely put 100,000 miles on a forklift.
+Do my assumptions sound right?
+Posted by: HealthyBreeze | March 09, 2009 at 09:54 AM
+The hydraulic hybrids may be more efficient than electric hybrids, but you cannot charge them at home.
+The high pressure hydraulic pumps are not likely to be cheap. Neither 5,000+ psi carbon fiber tank.
+What about lifespan of those pumps?
+Also another source of leaks.
+Posted by: MG | March 09, 2009 at 02:56 PM
+There could be a recovery system for leaks.
+Charging the accumulator would be done mostly by recovery
+braking due to its low capacity.
+The engine would mostly just run for continuous power beyond 0-60...
+The total power train cost for this system has the potential to be very low in mass production.
+Posted by: GdB | March 09, 2009 at 05:25 PM
+Sounds like so many unusual designs - unexplored territory provides more room for optimistic claims.
+Hydrostatic transmissions are usually good only if there is no handy alternative.
+Re 2-stroke; All GM locomotives built prior to 1941 were the tried-and-true two-stroke 710 diesel engine.
+Posted by: ToppaTom | March 09, 2009 at 07:18 PM
+2 stroke diesel valves free engines are not new at all, all big ships use them and they are very efficient and extremely reliable but not really clean. So they need to integrate a sytem that cleane the soot and the oil that will unavoidably makes its way in the exhaust
+I thought about this type of architecture and it is a serious competitor for HEV approach, it could return better mileage for cheaper. The carbon high pressure accumulator won't be that expensive because it won't be very big in that case since it is only for breaking recovery, maybe 20 liters at best.
+Posted by: Treehugger | March 09, 2009 at 08:41 PM
+@MG - "The hydraulic hybrids may be more efficient than electric hybrids, but you cannot charge them at home."
+Sure you can, you just use an electric motor to drive a hydraulic pump. However in this car there would be little point in doing it because it seems the capacity of the storage system is too small.
+Posted by: ai_vin | March 10, 2009 at 11:44 AM
+If I'm reading this right, I think this car is more about having a hydraulic transmission that allows a small, efficient motor to run at optimum RPM for fuel-to-work conversion efficiency, and uses a relatively small accumulator to provide short bursts of additional HP, to store the delta when energy needed is less than the motor produces at optimal RPM, and recapture braking energy.
+It might work.
+Posted by: HealthyBreeze | March 10, 2009 at 01:14 PM
+Price?
+Posted by: Will S | March 10, 2009 at 05:46 PM
+I think it's more about a small, Diesel engine for high MPG and the hydraulic accumulator for (a short) "ego" boost.
+It might be just right if there are not too many (or too big) hills.
+Also a "too small" accumulator means that if you charge it up for passing there will be no capacity left for breaking.
+Posted by: ToppaTom | March 10, 2009 at 08:46 PM
+@ToppaTom,
+You are right that if the optimal efficiency RPM of the small diesel produces 50 hp, and the puttering along car needs only 30 hp, that the extra energy would eventually top off the accumulator, leaving no storage capacity for recapturing energy while braking.
+This implies 3 things.
+1) the diesel engine must turn off instantly any time it is not needed (when the car is idling, or when the accumulator has reached the max desired level)
+2) the max desired level for the accumulator from engine charging should be set so that the accumulator can store the energy from an aggressive braking afterwards (probably 5-10 seconds worth of full power from the accumulator)
+3) The accumulator needs to be big enough for it to be worth the inefficiency of stopping and starting the small diesel motor. This also helps on long hills.
+The desire to keep the accumulator compact and low cost means a compromise size would be, what, about 30 seconds full power pressure, plus 5-10 seconds to accumulate the n+1 braking?
+Posted by: HealthyBreeze | March 18, 2009 at 12:13 PM
+There is the Artemis prototype car to compare with this one and the proposed NOAX car as well. This is obviously not a plug in hybrid, but there are substantial gains in efficiency. Hydraulic Braking energy can also be wasted as electric braking energy is wasted in locomotives. It still lowers the standard brake wear. Most of the efficiency gains are not by regeneration anyway, but many small pressure tanks can be fitted into a car if wanted. ..HG..
+Posted by: Henry Gibson | September 12, 2009 at 01:12 PM
+This company could have used the NOAX free piston diesel-hydraulic engine since NOAX does not propose to use it. It could be designed to run on any fuel with compression ignition of the Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition type with very low NOX and high efficiency. ..HG..
+Posted by: Henry Gibson | September 12, 2009 at 01:40 PM
+This hydraulic-hybrid is not new, I have the orginal patent here on my desk from 1972. The first hydraulic-hybrid was adapted to a 850 Fiat in Miami, two cars followed that up to 1980. And getting over fifty miles a gallon is not new. I had my car registered in Florida and in Arizona with EPA government listing of 53 miles per gallon in 1979. (and according to those same government EPA standards, it got 40 mpg in city) But one point needs to be mentioned on electric. please drive around Pheonix in the summer with no air conditioning with the little electric car or drive around Nome, Alaska when its 40 below zero for a month straight then say how ready the electric car is. You can not cheat mother nature, if you plug in your car at night to get it charged on the grid you have already lost 50% of the power compared to where that power enetered the grid.
+Posted by: Mike | March 22, 2010 at 03.
+The BI Connector and mongomirror are just two examples of powerful but less popular MongoDB products. These products are maintained by a team in MongoDB known as the Connectors and Translators Engineering team. In this podcast episode transcript, we chat with Tim Fogarty, Varsha Subrahmanyam, and Evgeni Dobranov. The team gives us a better understanding of these tools, focusing specifically on the BI Connector and mongomirror.
+This episode of the MongoDB Podcast is available on YouTube if you prefer to listen.
+Michael Lynn (01:58): All right, welcome back. Today, we're talking about connectors and translators and you might be thinking, "Wait a minute. What is a connector and what is a translator?" We're going to get to that. But first, I want to introduce the folks that are joining us on the podcast today. Varsha, would you introduce yourself?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (02:19): Yes. Hi, my name is Varsha Subrahmanyam. I'm a software engineer on the translators and connectors team. I graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne in 2019 and was an intern at MongoDB just before graduation. And I returned as a full-timer the following summer. So I've been here for one and a half years. [inaudible 00:02:43]
+Michael Lynn (02:43): Evgeni?
+Evgeni Dobranov (02:44): Yeah. Hello. My name is Evgeni Dobranov. I'm more or less right alongside Varsha. We interned together in 2018. We both did our rotations just about a year ago and ended up on connector and translators together. I went to Tufts University and graduated in 2019.
+Michael Lynn (03:02): And Tim, welcome.
+Tim Fogarty (03:04): Hey, Mike. So I'm Tim Fogarty. I'm also a software engineer on the connectors and translators team. I actually worked for mLab, the MongoDB hosting service, which was acquired by MongoDB about two years ago. So I was working there before MongoDB and now I'm working on the connectors and translators team.
+Michael Lynn (03:25): Fantastic. And Nic, who are you??
+Nic Raboy (03:27): I am Nic and I am Mike's co-host for this fabulous podcast and the developer relations team at MongoDB.
+Michael Lynn (03:33): Connectors and translators. It's a fascinating topic. We were talking before we started recording and I made the incorrect assumption that connectors and translators are somewhat overlooked and might not even appear on the front page, but that's not the case. So Tim, I wonder if I could ask you to explain what connectors and translators are? What kind of software are we talking about?
+Tim Fogarty (03:55): Yeah, so our team works on essentially three different software groups. We have the BI Connector or the business intelligence connector, which is used to essentially translate SQL commands into MongoDB commands so that you can use it with tools like Tableau or PowerBI, those kinds of business intelligence tools.
+Tim Fogarty (04:20): Then we also have the database tools, which are used for importing and exporting data, creating backups on the command line, and then also mongomirror, which is used internally for the Atlas Live Migrates function. So you're able to migrate a MongoDB database into a MongoDB apps cloud service.
+Tim Fogarty (04:39): The connectors and translators, it's a bit of a confusing name. And we also have other products which are called connectors. So we have the Kafka connector and Spark connector, and we actually don't work on those. So it's a bit of an awkward name, but essentially we're dealing with backups restores, migrations, and translating SQL.
+Michael Lynn (04:58): So you mentioned the BI Connector and Tableau and being able to use SQL with MongoDB. Can we maybe take a step back and talk about why somebody might even want to use a connector, whether that the BI one or something else with MongoDB?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (05:16): Yeah. So I can speak about that a little bit. The reason why we might want to use the BI Connector is for people who use business intelligence tools, they're mostly based on SQL. And so we would like people to use the MongoDB query language. So we basically had this translation engine that connects business intelligence tools to the MongoDB back end. So the BI Connector received SQL queries. And then the BI Connector translates those into SQL, into the MongoDB aggregation language. And then queries MongoDB and then returns the result. So it's very easy to store your data at MongoDB without actually knowing how to query the database with MQL.
+Michael Lynn (06:03): Is this in real time? Is there a delay or a lag?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (06:06): Maybe Evgeni can speak a bit to this? I believe most of this happens in memory. So it's very, very quick and we are able to process, I believe at this point 100% of all SQL queries, if not very close to that. But it is very, very quick.
+Michael Lynn (06:22): Maybe I've got an infrastructure in place where I'm leveraging a BI tool and I want to make use of the data or an application that leverages MongoDB on the back end. That sounds like a popular used case. I'm curious about how it does that. Is it just a straight translation from the SQL commands and the operators that come to us from SQL?
+."" -- Varsha Subrahmanyam on the BI Connector
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (06:47):. And there are multiple steps to a traditional compiler. There's the front end that basically verifies the SQL query from both a semantic and syntactic perspective.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (07:19): So kind of like does this query make sense given the context of the language itself and the more granularly the database in question. And then there are two more steps. There's the middle end and the back end. They basically just after verifying the query is acceptable, will then actually step into the translation process.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (07:40): We basically from the syntactic parsing segment of the compiler, we produce this parse tree which basically takes all the tokens, constructs the tree out of them using the grammar of SQL and then based off of that, we will then start the translation process. And there's something called push-down. Evgeni, if you want to talk about that.
+Evgeni Dobranov (08:03): Yeah, I actually have not done or worked with any code that does push-down specifically, unfortunately.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (08:09): I can talk about that.
+Evgeni Dobranov (08:13): Yeah. It might be better for you.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (08:13): Yeah. In push-down basically, we basically had this parse tree and then from that we construct something called a query plan, which basically creates stages for every single part of the SQL query. And stages are our internal representation of what those tokens mean. So then we construct like a linear plan, and this gets us into something called push-down.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (08:42): So basically let's say you have, I suppose like a normal SELECT query. The SELECT will then be a stage in our intermediate representation of the query. And that slowly will just translate single token into the equivalent thing in MQL. And we'll do that in more of a linear fashion, and that slowly will just generate the MQL representation of the query.
+Michael Lynn (09:05): Now, there are differences in the way that data is represented between a relational or tabular database and the way that MongoDB represents it in document. I guess, through the push-down and through the tokenization, you're able to determine when a SQL statement comes in that is referencing what would be columns if there's a translator that makes that reference field.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (09:31): Right, right. So we have similar kinds of ways of translating things from the relational model to the document model.
+Tim Fogarty (09:39): So we have to either sample or set a specific schema for the core collection so that it looks like it's a table with columns. Mike, maybe you can talk a little bit more about that.
+Michael Lynn (09:55): Yeah. So is there a requirement to use the BI Connector around normalizing your data or providing some kind of hint about how you're representing the data?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (10:06): That I'm not too familiar with.
+Nic Raboy (10:10): How do you even develop such a connector? What kind of technologies are you using? Are you using any of the MongoDB drivers in the process as well?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (10:18): I know for the BI Connector, a lot of the code was borrowed from existing parsing logic. And then it's all written in Go. Everything on our team is written in Go. It's been awhile since I have been on this recode, so I am not too sure about specific technologies that are used. I don't know if you recall, Evgeni.
+Evgeni Dobranov (10:40): Well, I think the biggest thing is the Mongo AST, the abstract syntax tree, which has also both in Go and that sort of like, I think what Varsha alluded to earlier was like the big intermediate stage that helps translate SQL queries to Mongo queries by representing things like taking a programming language class in university. It sort of represents things as nodes in a tree and sort of like relates how different like nouns to verbs and things like that in like a more grammatical sense.
+Michael Lynn (11:11): Is the BI Connector open source? Can people take a look at the source code to see how it works?
+Evgeni Dobranov (11:16): It is not, as far as I know, no.
+Michael Lynn (11:19): That's the BI Connector. I'm sure there's other connectors that you work on. Let's talk a little bit about the other connectors that you guys work on.
+Nic Raboy (11:26): Yeah. Maybe what's the most interesting one. What's your personal favorites? I mean, you're probably all working on one separately, but is there one that's like commonly cool and commonly beneficial to the MongoDB customers?
+Evgeni Dobranov (11:39): Well, the one I've worked on the most recently personally at least has been mongomirror and I've actually come to like it quite a bit just because I think it has a lot of really cool components. So just as a refresher, mongomirror is the tool that we use or the primary tool that Atlas uses to help customers with live migration. So what this helps them essentially do is they could just be running a database, taking in writes and reads and things like that. And then without essentially shutting down the database, they can migrate over to a newer version of Mongo. Maybe just like bigger clusters, things like that, all using mongomirror.
+Evgeni Dobranov (12:16): And mongomirror has a couple of stages that it does in order to help with the migration. It does like an initial sync or just copies the existing data as much as it can. And then it also records. It also records operations coming in as well and puts them in the oplog, which is essentially another collection of all the operations that are being done on the database while the initial sync is happening. And then replays this data on top of your destination, the thing that you're migrating to.
+Evgeni Dobranov (12:46): So there's a lot of juggling basically with operations and data copying, things like that. I think it's a very robust system that seems to work well most of the time actually. I think it's a very nicely engineered piece of software.
+Nic Raboy (13:02): I wanted to comment on this too. So this is a plug to the event that we actually had recently called MongoDB Live for one of our local events though for North America. I actually sat in on a few sessions and there were customer migration stories where they actually used mongomirror to migrate from on-premise solutions to MongoDB Atlas. It seems like it's the number one tool for getting that job done. Is this a common scenario that you have run into as well? Are people using it for other types of migrations as well? Like maybe Atlas, maybe AWS to GCP even though that we have multi-cloud now, or is it mostly on prem to Atlas kind of migrations?
+Evgeni Dobranov (13:43): We work more on maintaining the software itself, having taken the request from the features from the Atlas team. The people that would know exactly these details, I think would be the TSEs, the technical services engineers, who are the ones working with the actual customers, and they receive more information about exactly what type of migration is happening, whether it's from private database or Mongo Atlas or private to private, things like that. But I do know for a fact that you have all combinations of migrations. Mongomirror is not limited to a single type. Tim can expand more on this for sure.
+Tim Fogarty (14:18): Yeah. I'd say definitely migrating from on-prem to Atlas is the number one use case we see that's actually the only technically officially supported use case. So there are customers who are doing other things like they're migrating on-prem to on-prem or one cloud to another cloud. So it definitely does happen. But by far, the largest use case is migrating to Atlas. And that is the only use case that we officially test for and support.
+Nic Raboy (14:49): I actually want to dig deeper into mongomirror as well. I mean, how much data can you move with it at a certain time? Do you typically like use a cluster of these mongomirrors in parallel to move your however many terabytes you might have in your cluster? Or maybe go into the finer details on how it works?
+Tim Fogarty (15:09): Yeah, that would be cool, but that would be much more difficult. So we generally only spin up one mongomirror machine. So if we have a source cluster that's on-prem, and then we have our destination cluster, which is MongoDB Atlas, we spin up a machine that's hosted by us or you can run MongoDB on-prem yourself, if you want to, if there are, let's say firewall concerns, and sometimes make it a little bit easier.
+Tim Fogarty (15:35): But a single process and then the person itself is paralyzed. So it will, during the initial sync stage Evgeni mentioned, it will copy over all of the data for each collection in parallel, and then it will start building indexes in parallels as well. You can migrate over terabytes of data, but it can take a very long time. It can be a long running process. We've definitely seen customers where if they've got very large data sets, it can take weeks to migrate. And particularly the index build phase takes a long time because that's just a very compute intensive like hundreds of thousands of indexes on a very large data set.
+"But then once the initial sync is over, then we're just in the business of replicating any changes that happen to the source database to the destination cluster." -- Tim Fogarty on the mongomirror process of migrating data from one cluster to another.
+Tim Fogarty (16:18): But then once the initial sync is over, then we're just in the business of replicating any changes that happen to the source database to the destination cluster.
+Nic Raboy (16:28): So when you say changes that happened to the source database, are you talking about changes that might have occurred while that migration was happening?
+Tim Fogarty (16:35): Exactly.
+Nic Raboy (16:36): Or something else?
+Tim Fogarty (16:38): While the initial sync happens, we buffer all of the changes that happened to the source destination to a file. So we essentially just save them on disc, ready to replay them once we're finished with the initial sync. So then once the initial sync has finished, we replay everything that happened during the initial sync and then everything new that comes in, we also start to replay that once that's done. So we keep the two clusters in sync until the user is ready to cut over the application from there to source database over to their new destination cluster.
+Nic Raboy (17:12): When it copies over the data, is it using the same object IDs from the source database or is it creating new documents on the destination database?
+Tim Fogarty (17:23): Yeah. The object IDs are the same, I believe. And this is a kind of requirement because in the oplog, it will say like, "Oh, this document with this object ID, we need to update it or change it in this way." So when we need to reapply those changes to the destination kind of cluster, then we need to make sure that obviously the object ID matches that we're changing the right document when we need to reapply those changes.
+Michael Lynn (17:50): Okay. So there's two sources of data used in a mongomirror execution. There's the database, the source database itself, and it sounds like mongomirror is doing, I don't know, a standard find getting all of the documents from there, transmitting those to the new, the target system and leveraging an explicit ID reference so that the documents that are inserted have the same object ID. And then during that time, that's going to take a while, this is physics, folks. It's going to take a while to move those all over, depending on the size of the database.
+Michael Lynn (18:26): I'm assuming there's a marketplace in the oplog or at least the timestamp of the, the time that the mongomirror execution began. And then everything between that time and the completion of the initial sync is captured in oplog, and those transactions in the oplog are used to recreate the transactions that occurred in the target database.
+Tim Fogarty (18:48): Yeah, essentially correct. The one thing is the initial sync phase can take a long time. So it's possible that your oplog, because the oplog is a cap collection, which means it can only be a certain finite size. So eventually the older entries just start getting deleted when they're not used. As soon as we start the initial sync, we start listening to the oplog and saving it to the disc that we have the information saved. So if we start deleting things off the back of the oplog, we don't essentially get lost.
+Michael Lynn (19:19): Great. So I guess a word of caution would be ensure that you have enough disc space available to you in order to execute.
+Tim Fogarty (19:26): Yes, exactly.
+Michael Lynn (19:29): That's mongomirror. That's great. And I wanted to clarify, mongomirror, It sounds like it's available from the MongoDB Atlas console, right? Because we're going to execute that from the console, but it also sounds like you said it might be available for on-prem. Is it a downloadable? Is it an executable command line?
+Tim Fogarty (19:47): Yeah. So in general, if you want to migrate into Atlas, then you should use the Atlas Live Migrate service. So that's available on the Atlas console. It's like click and set it up and that's the easiest way to use it. There are some cases where for some reason you might need to run mongomirror locally, in which case you can download the binaries and run it locally. Those are kind of rare cases. I think that's probably something you should talk to support about if you're concerned that you might work locally.
+Nic Raboy (20:21): So in regards to the connectors like mongomirror, is there anything that you've done recently towards the product or anything that's coming soon on the roadmap?
+Evgeni Dobranov (20:29): So Varsha and I just finished a big epic on Jira, which improves status reporting. And basically this was like a huge collection of tickets that customers have come to us over time, basically just saying, "We wish there was a better status here. We wish there was a better logging or I wish the logs gave us a better idea of what was going on in mongomirror internally. So we basically spent about a month or so, and Varsha spent quite a bit of time on a ticket recently that she can talk about. We just spent a lot of time improving error messages and revealing information that previously wasn't revealed to help users get a better idea of what's going on in the internals of mongomirror.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (21:12): Yeah. The ticket I just finished but was working on for quite some time, was to provide better logging during the index building process, which happens during initial sync and then again during all oplog sync. Now, users will be able to get logs at a collection level telling them what percentage of indexes have been built on a particular collection as well as on each host in their replica set. And then also if they wanted to roll that information from the HTTP server, then they can also do that.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (21:48): So that's an exciting addition, I think. And now I'm also enabling those logs in the oplog sync portion of mongomirror, which is pretty similar, but probably we'll probably have a little bit less information just because we're figuring out which indexes need to be built on a rolling basis because we're just tailoring the oplog and seeing what comes up. So by the nature of that, there's a little less information on how many indexes can you expect to be built. You don't exactly know from the get-go, but yeah, I think that'll be hopefully a great help to people who are unsure if their indexes are stalled or are just taking a long time to build.
+Michael Lynn (22:30): Well, some fantastic updates. I want to thank you all for stopping by. I know we've got an entire set of content that I wanted to cover around the tools that you work on. Mongoimport, Mongoexport, Mongorestore, Mongodump. But I think I'd like to give that the time that it deserves. That could be a really healthy discussion. So I think what I'd like to do is get you guys to come back. That sound good?
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (22:55): Yeah.
+Tim Fogarty (22:56): Yeah.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (22:56): Sounds good.
+Evgeni Dobranov (22:56): Yeah. Sounds great.
+Michael Lynn (22:57): Well, again, I want to thank you very much. Is there anything else you want the audience to know before we go? How can they reach out to you? Are you on social media, LinkedIn, Twitter? This is a time to plug yourself.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (23:09): You can find me on LinkedIn.
+Tim Fogarty (23:12): I'm trying to stay away from social media recently.
+Nic Raboy (23:15): No problem.
+Tim Fogarty (23:16): No, please don't contact me.
+Michael Lynn (23:19): I get that. I get it.
+Tim Fogarty (23:21): You can contact me, I'll tell you where, on the community forums.
+Michael Lynn (23:25): There you go. Perfect.
+Tim Fogarty (23:27): If you have questions-
+Michael Lynn (23:28): Great.
+Tim Fogarty (23:29): If you have questions about the database tools, then you can ask questions there and I'll probably see it.
+Michael Lynn (23:34): All right. So community.mongodb.com. We'll all be there. If you have questions, you can swing by and ask them in that forum. Well, thanks once again, everybody. Tim Fogarty, Varsha Subrahmanyam, and Evgeni Dobranov.
+Evgeni Dobranov (23:47): Yes, you got it.
+Michael Lynn (23:48): All right. So thanks so much for stopping by. Have a great day.
+Varsha Subrahmanyam (23:52): Thank you.
+#Summary
+I hope you enjoyed this episode of the MongoDB Podcast and learned a bit more about the MongoDB Connectors and Translators including the Connector for Business Intelligence and mongomirror. If you enjoyed this episode, please consider giving a review on your favorite podcast networks including Apple, Google, and Spotify.
+For more information on the BI Connector, visit our docs or product pages.
+For more information on mongomirror, visit the docs.
+Top News:: Poynter, CNNMoney.com, Gigaom, Wall Street Journal, Variety, Re/code, @awallenstein, Krebs on Security and New York Times
+Discussion:
+Benjamin Mullin / Poynter: Can Sony stop news organizations from publishing?
+Brian Stelter / CNNMoney.com: Sony lawyer tells media to stop reporting on material stolen by hackers
+Jeff John Roberts / Gigaom: Sony tells media to hide hacking news, but threats ring hollow
+Jacob Gershman / Wall Street Journal: Sony's Legal Threats in Hacking Scandal Face First Amendment Hurdle
+Ted Johnson / Variety: The Legal Case for Publishing Sony Emails
+Arik Hesseldahl / Re/code: Here's Sony Lawyer's Letter Telling Publishers to Stop Publishing Leaks
+Andrew Wallenstein / @awallenstein: “Does Sony have a legal leg to stand on? Probably not.” Read legal analysis on hack coverage from UCLA prof @volokhc ...
+Brian Krebs / Krebs on Security: In Damage Control, Sony Targets Reporters
+RELATED:
+Sony Pictures CEO Michael Lynton to staff: Hackers 'won't take us down' — The top executives from Sony Pictures Entertainment, still reeling from a cyberattack that crippled the studio three weeks ago, assured employees Monday that the company would survive.
+Discussion: Deadline, bizjournals, Hollywood Reporter and The Hill
+Discussion:
+Nellie Andreeva / Deadline: Michael Lynton At Town Hall Meeting: Hackers Won't Take Sony Down
+Annlee Ellingson / bizjournals:
+Variety:
+Aaron Sorkin Slams Journalists for Publishing Hacked Sony Documents
+Aaron Sorkin Slams Journalists for Publishing Hacked Sony Documents
+Discussion: The Intercept, Gawker, Wired, Deadline, @mattzeitlin, @benedictevans, @caseynewton, @benedictevans, @pmarca, @tomgara, @caseynewton, @caseynewton, @ow, @johnwilson, @lucasgw, @benedictevans, @pmarca, @tcarmody, @antderosa, Medium and New York Times
+Discussion:
+Natasha Vargas-Cooper / The Intercept: Hacking the Mind (Not the Emails) of Aaron Sorkin
+Mike Fleming / Deadline: Aaron Sorkin On Sony Hacking: Calls Bottom Feeding Media Outlets ‘Morally Treasonous And Spectacularly Dishonorable’
+Matthew Zeitlin / @mattzeitlin: how much aaron sorkin sounds like an aaron sorkin character is remarkable
+Benedict Evans / @benedictevans: @ivovic the point of ‘public interest’ was always that you had to be a ‘journalist’. But what does that mean now?
+Casey Newton / @caseynewton: @sriramk it's up to each news outlet to decide what meets their bar. but I don't want to live in a world where Aaron Sorkin sets that bar
+Benedict Evans / @benedictevans: The whole concept of a public interest defence for a journalist publishing something is problematic when anyone can ‘publish’ anything
+Marc Andreessen / @pmarca: Aaron Sorkin is 100% correct:...
+Tom Gara / @tomgara: This is bad. The Sony hackers stole one of those awful monologues from The Newsroom and published it in the NYT.
+Casey Newton / @caseynewton: A good sign that a story is newsworthy is when one of the principals writes 1,200 words explaining why it's not...
+Casey Newton / @caseynewton: @BenedictEvans I don't know where you're coming from — you favor prior restraint in a case like this?
+Owen Williams / @ow: @BenedictEvans @kevinmeyers one large corporation having control over what you see in your search results is quite important, IMO
+John S. Wilson / @johnwilson: @BenedictEvans If journalists only published what people willingly gave, I'd venture to say the public would only see 5% of what we should
+Lucas Wilson / @lucasgw: .@benedictevans Wonder if @shondarhimes, @chrisrock & other POC trying to get projects done in #RacistHollywood would agree.
+Benedict Evans / @benedictevans: The ethical difference between publishing stolen material and stealing it yourself always seems clearer to the journalist than the victim.
+Marc Andreessen / @pmarca: @BenedictEvans That's one of the things I wonder about. If publishing it is just fine, then why isn't stealing it also just fine?
+Tim Carmody / @tcarmody: what possible interest could Aaron Sorkin have in chastising people who report on hacked Sony emails oh he's in them often being an ass
+Anthony De Rosa / @antderosa: Aaron Sorkin on news outlets reporting on hacked Sony emails: “morally treasonous and spectacularly dishonorable”...
+Lucas Shaw / Medium: The Double-Edged Sword of Technology in Journalism
+Aaron Sorkin / New York Times: Journalists Shouldn't Help the Sony Hackers
+>>IMAGE:
+Kara Bloomgarden-Smoke / The New York Observer: Pierre Omidyar Bought Franklin Foer Twitter Followers
+Matt Taibbi / @mtaibbi: It got so weird at the end, I forgot how much fun it was working with @pareene and the rest of Racket...
+Doree Shafrir / @doreeshafrir: Into this: Racket wanted to “take over BuzzFeed Community Content for like a week and go nuts on it.”...
+Matthew Braga / @mattbraga: racket teens :(...
+Evan Hansen / @evanatmedium: there are ~100 brilliant ideas discussed in @mat's autopsy of The Racket for @wired. Someone should do these for real...
+Christopher Soghoian / @csoghoian: In amusing prank, @mtaibbi's team at The Racket quietly bought 100k Twitter followers for editor of the New Republic...
+Dan Gillmor / @dangillmor: Hey, @VICE you should give @mtaibbi and @pareene et al a chance to really launch The Racket....
+Lydia Polgreen / @lpolgreen: “He's not trying to hide the fact that he's just a tremendous dick.” @pareene, admiringly, on @ggreenwald....
+Olivia Nuzzi / @olivianuzzi: “But The Racket is dead now... First Look Media, put a bullet in it and dumped the body with a short blog post.” - @mat......"
+Alberto Cairo / @albertocairo: Reading this makes me feel even sadder The Racket wasn't even launched MT @mtaibbi......
+RELATED:
+Emily Greenhouse / Bloomberg Politics:
+The quixotic fight against Google by Spanish news publishers likely has no happy ending — The Spanish War Against Google — At least in Europe, the newspaper wars are not quite over. — Five years ago this month, Eric Schmidt, the chairman and then-CEO of Google …
+Discussion: Business Insider, Top Digital Journal News and Forbes
+Discussion:
+Joshua Barrie / Business Insider: Spanish Newspapers Suddenly Regret Forcing Google News Out Of Spain
+, Poynter, Medium, @samantharollins, @theseantcollins, @megangarber, @mathewi and FishbowlNY
+Discussion:
+Mathew Ingram / Gigaom: Instead of killing comments, we should be trying to fix them
+Adam Hochberg / Poynter: Facing a flood of incivility, news sites make reader comments harder to find
+Mat Yurow / Medium: Comments Aren't Dead. They're Just Broken.
+Samantha Rollins / @samantharollins: Goodbye to all that RT @BenFrumin: Why @TheWeek is closing the comments section:...
+Sean T. Collins / @theseantcollins: Closing comment sections is so good because comment sections are bad. Everyone should do it...
+Megan Garber / @megangarber: “It is no longer a core service of news sites to provide forums for these conversations”: @TheWeek closes comments...
+Mathew Ingram / @mathewi: There goes another one — The Week decides to close its comment section because Twitter:...
+Chris O'Shea / FishbowlNY: The Week Closes Comments Section
+Sharon Weinberger / The Intercept:
+Jana Winter, Fox News reporter who faced jail time for protecting sources, joins The Intercept — Jana Winter Joins The Intercept — Jana Winter, a Fox News reporter who faced jail time for refusing to reveal her confidential sources, is joining The Intercept today as a national security reporter based in Washington, D.C.
+Discussion: FishbowlDC, Mediaite, @jeremyscahill, @rj_gallagher, @ggreenwald and Politico
+Discussion:
+Damon Marx / FishbowlDC: Jana Winter Joins DC-Based The Intercept
+Evan McMurry / Mediaite: Former Fox News Reporter Jana Winter Joins The Intercept
+Jeremy Scahill / @jeremyscahill: Very excited to announce that @janawinter is joining @the_intercept as a national security reporter...
+Ryan Gallagher / @rj_gallagher: So stoked that the excellent @JanaWinter is coming to work with @the_intercept as a national security reporter!...
+Glenn Greenwald / @ggreenwald: Welcome to @the_intercept: our new national security reporter, the very intrepid journalist @janawinter!!!...
+Hadas Gold / Politico: Jana Winter joins The Intercept
+MSNBC expanding online with “Shift by MSNBC”, 14 original shows exclusive to the web — MSNBC Expanding Online With Original Programming, Streaming Video — MSNBC is making a major push into the online market with “Shift by MSNBC,” a bold new initiative that will see the 24 …
+Discussion: Variety, Broadcasting & Cable, @bfouhy, @jessicavalenti, Media & Entertainment, FishbowlNY and FTVLive
+Discussion:
+Brian Steinberg / Variety: Sports on MSNBC? News Outlet Will Launch Streaming-Video Hub To Test New Shows, Hosts
+Tim Baysinger / Broadcasting & Cable: MSNBC Launches Digital Video Hub
+Beth Fouhy / @bfouhy: A big day — we are launching Shift by MSNBC, with 14 new original digital programs. I'm hosting one of them!...
+Jessica Valenti / @jessicavalenti: Huge congrats to @janetmock on her new MSNBC online show!...
+sdfsAssociated / Media & Entertainment: MSNBC launches online news channel
+Chris O'Shea / FishbowlNY: MSNBC Launches Streaming Video Hub
+Scott Jones / FTVLive: MSNBC Launches Some New Shift Today
+News Corp:
+Rahul Chopra becomes CEO of Storyful, founder Mark Little becomes director of editorial innovation — Storyful Announces Leadership Changes To Build On Substantial Growth Momentum Under News Corp — Rahul Chopra Becomes CEO; Founder Mark Little Named Director of Editorial Innovation
+Discussion: Storyful Blog, The Irish Times, @jayrosen_nyu, @marklittlenews, @raju and @mikemillerwsj
+Discussion:
+Mark Little / Storyful Blog: New Leadership and New Thinking for Storyful
+Fiona Reddan / The Irish Times: Mark Little steps down as Storyful chief executive
+Jay Rosen / @jayrosen_nyu: @marklittlenews Big news. Congratulations, Mark.... Director of Editorial Innovation and soul officer is a great job.
+Mark Little / @marklittlenews: New leadership and new thinking at Storyful. My good friend @r2000c is our new CEO. I get my dream job (more here):...
+Raju Narisetti / @raju: Congrats @r2000c & @marklittlenews on new leadership structure @Storyful. Onward and upward in 2015 under @newscorp...
+HBO Go is now available on Amazon's Fire TV, coming to the Fire TV Stick in spring — We've got some good news for you, Fire TV fans: Today Amazon announced that its flagship streaming device now supports HBO Go. — Amazon announced the news in a press release, claiming that it has …
+Discussion: Amazon.com, Home Media Magazine, TechCrunch, Gigaom, Pocket-lint, 9to5Google, Variety, Ubergizmo and Gizmodo
+Discussion:
+Erik Gruenwedel / Home Media Magazine: HBO Go Finally Available on Amazon Fire TV
+Matt Burns / TechCrunch: HBO GO Finally Comes To Amazon Fire TV
+Janko Roettgers / Gigaom: Amazon is adding HBO Go to its Fire TV
+Elyse Betters / Pocket-lint: HBO Go finally launches with voice search for Amazon Fire TV
+Todd Spangler / Variety: HBO Go Now Available on Amazon Fire TV Set-Top
+Adnan Farooqui / Ubergizmo: Amazon Fire TV Finally Gets HBO GO
+Mario Aguilar / Gizmodo: HBO Go Is Coming to Amazon Fire TV (Unless You Have Comcast)
+Michael Calderone / The Huffington Post:
+Rolling Stone Writer Contacting UVA Students As Magazine Reviews Disputed Article — NEW YORK — Sabrina Rubin Erdely, the author of a now-disputed Rolling Stone story on an alleged gang rape at the University of Virginia, hasn't spoken publicly as her explosive story has unraveled over the past two weeks.
+Discussion: Washington Post, The New York Observer, Variety and The Daily Caller
+Discussion:
+Erik Wemple / Washington Post: Rolling Stone's U-Va. story: What about the other two alleged gang rapes?
+Jillian Jorgensen / The New York Observer: Kirsten Gillibrand and Randi Weingarten Discuss Campus Sexual Assault
+Ted Johnson / Variety: Bill Cosby's Wife Issues Statement of Support, Decries Lack of ‘Vetting’ of Accusers
+, NetNewsCheck Latest, Guardian, @rafat, @michaelwolffnyc, @mathewi, @cdixon, @cdixon and @monkbent
+Discussion:
+Michael Wolff / USA Today: A casualty in the race for digital traffic
+Margaret Quilter / NetNewsCheck Latest: New Hyperlocals Start As Others Expand
+Rafat Ali / @rafat: Slightly modified headline: There's never been a better time to run a vertical media business...
+Michael Wolff / @michaelwolffnyc: Just karma RT @DylanByers: I think @MichaelWolffNYC just Uber'd @BuzzFeedBen —... pic.twitter.com/UeqK6VD5oL
+Mathew Ingram / @mathewi: Don't think niche sites have value? Ask @Jessicalessin or @rafat or @monkbent or @Lara or @blam or @sullydish:
+Chris Dixon / @cdixon: 2/ Recently, a USA Today column falsely claimed that BuzzFeed is unprofitable.
+Chris Dixon / @cdixon: “Whither nanopublishing?” - interesting discussion between @felixsalmon and @monkbent...
+NYT Executive Editor Dean Banquet on coverage after buyouts, native ads, and turmoil at TNR — Media People: Dean Baquet, The New York Times — Dean Baquet is executive editor of The New York Times, a role he has held since May, when he replaced Jill Abramson after her controversial reign and equally controversial ousting.
+Discussion: FishbowlNY, @jeremymbarr, @cliffordlevy and @mccollumashley
+Discussion:
+Chris O'Shea / FishbowlNY: Dean Baquet Comments on TNR and Rolling Stone
+Jeremy Barr / @jeremymbarr: Dean Baquet on changing the way the Times covers advertising......
+Clifford Levy / @cliffordlevy: “I think @BuzzFeed is worth looking at,” says Dean Baquet, @nytimes exec editor....
+The allure of a royal family is an easy one to accept. Tales of handsome princes and beautiful princesses do not always belong in fairytales. The Royal Family of today’s UK is among the most talked about and captivating of all monarchies. For centuries, stories of prowess on battlefields and with political machinations have made the royal lineage popular the world over. Some members have proven to be more fondly remembered than others. The Tudor dynasty is a fine case in point. Most people know of Queen Elizabeth I. However, what few people are aware of is that she may have been complicit in a murderous scandal involving her intimate friend and possible love interest, Robert Dudley, and his wife Amy Robsart.
+Elizabeth I and her favorite, Robert Dudley. A faithful reproduction of a public domain work of art, circa 1575.
+I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king and of a king of England too.Queen Elizabeth I
+The aforementioned comment is among the most famous of all speeches by royalty. Having the heart and stomach of a king – even one comparable to a king of England – is one thing. Could Elizabeth also have had the heart and stomach of a murderer? A cold blooded one at that. Some armchair detectives have cast an ever increasingly suspicious eye over the events of September 8, 1560. As a result, they have come to the conclusion that the death of Amy Dudley (nee Amy Robsart) is not such an open-and-shut case.
+The Beginning: Amy Robsart and Robert Dudley
+Several days before her 18th birthday, Amy Robsart married Robert Dudley. No sooner had they issued their vows, the more cynical members of Tudor society began to question the marriage. Both of the newlywed’s parents were nobles in their own right and, like many of the time were always seeking ways and means to consolidate and improve their fortunes. A marriage of convenience suited both sets of in-laws. Both would improve their standing in the courts of the monarchy. Additionally, their collective influence would increase. The marriage took place on June 4, 1550, at the royal palace of Sheen. Edward VI was a guest of honor.
+Robert Dudley and Amy Robsart at Cumnor Hall. Edward Matthew Ward 1866, public domain.
+The couple had an eventful marriage. Much of the time they shifted addresses between numerous palaces and mansion houses – sometimes together, sometimes separately. A little over three years into their marriage, Robert was imprisoned in the Tower of London and sentenced to death when his father, the Duke of Northumberland, tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne. Amy could visit on a regular basis for the final year of her husband’s confinement. Dudley only spent 15 months in the Tower but had suffered financially in that time. When he was released in 1554, he made efforts to resurrect his name and fortune. Within a year of being released, Robert’s father-in-law passed away. Several years on, he lost his mother-in-law as well. Amy’s marriage contract, still in effect, meant that she inherited her parents’ considerable wealth.
+Scandal in the Royal Court
+As the marriage between Amy and Robert continued, outside events began to shape the destiny of England. Elizabeth and Robert had known one another from childhood. When she ascended to the throne in November 1558, one of her first proclamations was to create the new role, Master of the Horse, and give the position to Robert Dudley. In the new court, this was among the most privileged of all roles. No-one else but the Master was able to physically touch the young Queen. Robert closely attended to her travels, accommodations, and everything to do with the Royal Stables and horses.
+Additionally, Robert’s living quarters were adjacent to the queen’s bedchamber. This put him within scandalous proximity of her, and it may be that the two took advantage of their close living arrangement. Eighteen months before the unfortunate death of Amy Dudley, on 19th April 1559, the Count de Feria wrote the following:
+“During the last few days, Lord Robert has come so much into favour that he does whatever he likes with affairs. It is even said that Her Majesty visits him in his chamber every day and night. People talk of this freely that they go so far as to say that his wife has a malady in one of her breasts, and that the Queen is only waiting for her to die to marry Lord Robert.”
+Also in 1559, the Ambassador to the Republic of Venice wrote, “My Lord Robert Dudley is … very intimate with Her Majesty. On this subject I ought to report the opinion of many but I doubt whether my letters may not miscarry or be read, wherefore it is better to keep silence than to speak ill.”
+The Queen’s Infatuation
+Although there were many suitors to Queen Elizabeth, many people believed that she was indeed waiting to marry Robert once Amy was out of the way. It was obvious to everyone present that Robert was the queen’s favorite consort. Some say she was in love with him. She was also quite possessive of Robert’s time and attentions, and some say that her well-being depended on his presence. At one point, when he wanted to go overseas to take part in military affairs, she forbade it.
+Queen Elizabeth I, Steven van der Meulen, circa 1563. Public domain.
+Spouses could not attend court or official matters of State, therefore, Amy was never around when Elizabeth and Robert were together. Some have also suggested that Elizabeth warned Amy to stay away or risk some kind of retribution.
+The Death of Amy Dudley
+Robert Dudley was rapidly rising in power within the court. In 1559 the queen appointed him, “Knight of the Garter,” a highly restricted society of chivalry and honor. Meanwhile, Amy Dudley was dealing with the onset of depression. As well as the potential infidelity involving the reigning sovereign, there is also a theory that she might have been suffering what was called ‘a malady in her breast’. Amy allegedly convinced herself that her breast cancer was terminal. One of Amy’s Ladies in Waiting claimed that Amy would to “pray to God to deliver her from desperation”.
+Sunday, September 8, 1560, was a day of celebration. Our Lady’s Fair was taking place in Abingdon, close to Amy’s residence, Cumnor Place. The day began normally; Amy gave all her servants time off to enjoy the day’s festivities while she remained at home. It was only when the servants returned that they found the body of Amy Dudley laying at the foot of the stairs with a broken neck and a pair of deep wounds. Given how and where they had found her, plus the injuries that she suffered, it was only natural to conclude that death occurred by means of an accident or misadventure. However, some strange contradictions immediately challenged this logical conclusion.
+Suspicious Events
+Researchers have produced an original coroner’s report with no mention of a broken neck. The pair of lacerations were in this report but no other injuries. This is enough for some people to doubt that her death was merely an accident. Another curious development followed two days after Amy’s death. Elizabeth insisted that the news should be released to the public and that they officialize the cause of death as an accident. On the day of his wife’s death, Robert Dudley was performing his official duties far away from home. However, his behavior was curious after he learned of Amy’s death.
+There is some evidence of possible jury-rigging going on behind the scenes. Dudley was rumored to have given Robert Smith, the jury foreman, a substantial quantity of velvet for tailoring. The new widower also requested a jury of discreet men. One of the jury members who went by the name of John Stevenson was an employee of Dudley. Additionally, Anthony Forster, who happened to own Cumnor Place (Amy’s home), was given a payment of over £300 not long after Amy was found. This amount today would be £65,000.
+Tudor Rumors
+Other rumors circulated about Amy’s death. Poison was a consideration alongside divorce. Some even went as far as to claim that Dudley and Elizabeth had as many as five children together. Maybe some or all of these rumors were silly or idle gossip. What can never really be in doubt is Dudley’s desire to become a consort to Queen Elizabeth. Like his father before him, Dudley was intent on gaining as much power and influence that he was able to. Perhaps this was unacceptable to someone who went too far and decided to take matters into his own hands. If this was the case, then who could that someone be?
+Plots Against Robert?
+A common trend among Heads of State is to have a circle of trusted individuals who oversee various political duties. Elizabeth was no different and would often seek the advice of the most loyal of all loyal subjects. Fewer were more loyal than Robert, but that could have posed a problem of its own. Queen Elizabeth’s Privy Court was well-aware of the queen’s apparent feelings for Robert Dudley. Perhaps some members of the Privy Court managed to persuade the Queen that a relationship with Dudley was not best for the nation. This cloak and dagger plot and counterplot might have been a ruse to get Elizabeth to play some role in the death of Amy Dudley in order to drum up a scandal that would discredit Robert. According to the Wikipedia entry Elizabeth I of England:
+Elizabeth seriously considered marrying Dudley for some time. However, William Cecil, Nicholas Throckmorton, and some conservative peers made their disapproval unmistakably clear. There were even rumours that the nobility would rise [up] if the marriage took place.
+Outright execution or injury could ultimately end up causing more harm than good. If Elizabeth was actually complicit in the death of Amy Dudley, by choice or coercion, it would prove to be a much more effective manner of halting Robert Dudley’s rise toward the throne. Merely executing him for no real reason would surely have undermined Elizabeth’s own position. By engineering an outcry of this magnitude, Elizabeth may have proven at an early stage of her sovereignty that she was the astute politician that history remembers.
+Did Robert Do It?
+Any modern investigation into a death that has suspicious overtones to it will always begin with the immediate family or relatives. The police would have to determine the type of person that the victim was and do as much research into that person as possible. From there, the investigation would focus on those closest to the victim. In Tudor times, there was hardly a police force worthy of the name, but there were still professionals who dedicated themselves to this purpose. Robert was an obvious suspect in any wrong-doing.
+Robert Dudley was nowhere near the house when Amy’s life ended, but that doesn’t mean that he was innocent of it. As alibis go, being in the presence of the Queen of England miles from the scene of a possible crime is quite a hefty one. It’s not beyond all realms of possibility that Dudley hired or asked a person or persons unknown to act on his behalf. Without forensics, it would have been easy enough for someone to conclude that the young woman’s neck broke in her fall or tumble. That would pretty much be the start and end of the investigation.
+William Cecil
+One trope that is often used in detective fiction is the axiom: who had the most to gain by the death of the deceased? Historian Alison Weir proposed that one-time courtier of the Elizabethan court, William Cecil, had a hand in the death of Amy Dudley. As the royal popularity of Robert Dudley increased, that of William Cecil began to wane. It is entirely possible, and very likely, that the men became bitter rivals to the point of obsession. Perhaps Cecil devised a plan against Dudley and used Dudley’s own favoritism as a weapon against him.
+The announcement of Amy’s death shocked the nation. Cecil might have seen the potential of a royal wedding and took the necessary steps to prevent that from happening. Even if the limited capability of the investigating team had managed to find proof of intent, the more popular consensus of opinion would point the finger of blame directly at Robert Dudley. If this was Cecil’s gamble, then it paid off. Dudley never did marry the Queen. In that aspect, Cecil’s plan worked, if he had a plan.
+Suicide?
+One of the last things Amy Dudley did in her life was to insist that all servants take the day off to attend the fair taking place in Abingdon. Not all of them considered this to be acceptable behavior for a Sunday and some of them initially refused to go. However, Amy was insistent. Of all the servants, only one – Mrs. Odingells – refused to leave the house. She did retire to her room and left Amy alone for the day.
+The main problem with the suicide theory is that, at the time, it was considered to be a mortal sin and would lead to eternal damnation. Perhaps with the combination of depression, pain, illness, and abandonment, it seemed to be the most viable option for her. Another problem with this idea is the actual execution of it. There are more effective ways in which to take one’s own life. Throwing oneself down a ‘dog-legged’ staircase with just 8 stairs and a landing in the middle doesn’t seem to be the most foolproof method in the world. Modern medicine has indicated that a woman with a similar strain of cancer that Amy perhaps had might have a side-effect of brittle bones. A suicide would be a more bonafide solution if the servants had found Amy on the landing instead of the bottom of the staircase.
+An Enemy of the State
+Perhaps one point in the overall popularity of the Royal Family as a group is the intrigue that surrounds them. This is not really true in today’s world, but in centuries gone by, the Royal Family is almost synonymous with tales of war, battle, and espionage. If a foreign national were to infiltrate the aristocracy and intentionally kill one of their number, thus forcing Elizabeth to change her plans on a more personal level, it might have weakened her on an international level.
+The scandal that did follow the death of Amy Dudley made it virtually inconceivable that Elizabeth could marry Dudley after all. Elizabeth no doubt realized this and was forced into keeping her distance. This could explain why Mrs. Odingsells refused to leave that morning. This plot would really have needed someone to oversee matters, perhaps even in a hands-on fashion.
+With so much political intrigue muddying the waters, it is easy to overlook that a life ended. Maybe it ended in a way that a few people tend to believe. This was nothing more sinister than a tragic accident. It is entirely possible that Amy lost her footing or suffered a dizzy spell for a second and overbalanced. However, the coroner’s report included interesting wording. The wounds of Amy’s neck were referred to as ‘dyntes’. This is a Middle English term that is no longer in use.
+The most suitable modern terminology could be blunt force trauma.
+You May Also Like:
+Was Queen Elizabeth I a Man?
+The Princes in the Tower
+References:
+The Elizabeth Files
+Jessica Jewett Online
+On the Tudor Trail
+The Tudor Enthusiast
+Sites pulled: June 27, 2017
+WBEZ News
+Dashed Hope: How A Once Proud Chicago High School Hollowed Out
+Sixteen-year-old Miracle Boyd’s South Side high school is at death’s door.
+All the students enrolled could fit on three yellow school buses with room to spare. With so few students, the school can only afford to offer a barebones curriculum.
+In fact, Boyd’s Hope College Preparatory High School and three others in the Englewood community — Harper, TEAM, and Robeson — offer such a paltry education that the school district had planned to shutter them in June, even before a replacement high school is ready in 2019.
+But last week, Chicago Public Schools CEO Janice Jackson said three of those schools, including Hope, would instead be phased out, giving current students the option to stay through graduation. Robeson will be closed in June so the new school could be built on its campus. CPS’ board is expected to vote on this plan on Feb. 28.
+Jackson casts the dire situation of these Englewood schools largely as the result of circumstances beyond the school district’s control, like a hurricane. Families make choices, she said, by moving out of the area or by sending their children elsewhere — options she insists all families deserve.
+But where do those families go? Some in Englewood and elsewhere pick Chicago schools that outperform their neighborhood options — but others do not. About 38 percent of Englewood students who rejected their neighborhood high schools chose schools that perform the same or worse, or went to alternative schools for dropouts, according to CPS data.
+The complexity does not end there.
+As the history of Hope High School shows, this is about more than families simply making choices. A confluence of CPS policy and political decisions over many years led to the current state of affairs in Englewood and other neighborhoods across the South and West sides with severely under-enrolled schools.
+“It is multilayered and multifaceted and nobody wants to acknowledge it,” said Rachel Williams, a 2009 Hope graduate.
+There are 638 CPS students in Hope’s attendance boundary. Thirty-six go to Hope. The other 602 chose other Chicago public schools.
+Where do they go?
+- 17 percent go to alternative schools
+- 33 percent go to charter schools
+- 42 percent go to traditional public schools
+- 8 percent go to selective, test-in schools
+Source: Chicago Public Schools
+Hope was special
+Hope was once known as a South Side gem.
+Initially built as a community middle school in the 1970s on Garfield Boulevard west of the Dan Ryan Expressway, it later added a high school. For a few years in the early 2000s, it used modest admissions requirements and it served students from anywhere in the city.
+Mahalia Hines, the mother of rapper Common, helped lead Hope’s rise. She was principal from 1996 to 2005. Inside the school system, she was considered a star principal who brought in a dynamic team of teachers, producing better graduation, ACT and attendance results than other area schools. She now sits on CPS’ Board of Education.
+Among students, she was also known for being motherly, but stern, and sometimes fun. She was even willing to get on stage and do the electric slide with students.
+Rica Mitchell remembers the first pep rally she attended as a 7th grader in 2003. Common and his friend, up-and-coming rapper Kanye West, showed up.
+That was just the start of what made Hope special, she said. The school offered a range of honors classes and extracurriculars, including a girls club where you could discuss “things that you would feel embarrassed to talk to your mom about.” The girls basketball team won the 2003 state championship and the debate team won two city championships.
+Her teachers were not just caring and enthusiastic, but many of them were black like her, she said. Two-thirds of Hope’s staff was black in the early to mid-2000s, Illinois State Board of Education records show.
+“They were strong black men and strong black women that I could look at and say, ‘I want to be like you when I grow up,’ and I don't think kids nowadays have that,” said Mitchell, who is now a teacher at a charter school on Chicago’s West Side.
+But Hope began to change when Mitchell was in her final years of high school.
+School reform brewing
+In the 2000s, Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley and CPS CEO Arne Duncan adopted dramatic school reform approaches. Duncan declared some schools were in such bad shape in terms of academic performance that they had to be closed or their entire staffs replaced.
+Hope teacher Greg Jackson, who has been at the school since 2004, said no one at Hope thought the reforms would touch them.
+“We had a great attendance rate, we had great graduation rate, we had great going-to-college rate,” Jackson said. “So you know, we didn't see us as doing anything wrong. We were doing everything correct. We were doing exactly what CPS was asking for.”
+But then, in 2005, CPS closed the district’s lowest-performing high school, Englewood Academy High School. It was about a mile south of Hope.
+Hope would become a neighborhood high school — meaning it would no longer have any admission requirements for any of its kids — and a good chunk of Englewood High School students would be assigned to Hope.
+Hope parent and former Local School Council member Matt Johnson said the influx of Englewood students led to some discipline issues, such as increased fights. Some in the community began to see Hope differently.
+“Certain kids came with behavior issues, a few gangs as well,” Johnson said. “Hope did all it could to welcome those kids as well and, in a matter of time, the adjustment was OK.”
+Competition comes to Englewood. Johnson said many families were enticed by the prospect that the schools would offer their children something better.
+.
+Population loss in Englewood
+As competition over students heated up, Englewood was losing residents and students.
+For the last 50 years, the area population has been shrinking. So many homes have been demolished that some blocks are just fields of weeds. What’s left are side streets with wood frame homes, many of which are boarded up.
+Rachel Williams, the 2009 Hope alumna who is now 26 and an activist, said the last decade and a half has been brutal. Not only did the housing crisis hit areas like this hard, but also the expansion of a massive rail yard swallowed up many of the homes.
+Since 2000, there’s been a 42 percent drop in the number of school-aged children in Hope’s attendance area, according to an analysis of U.S. Census data by Generation All, an organization that advocates for neighborhood schools.
+This population loss reflects a larger trend in the city. Between 2000 and 2015, the number of African-Americans in Chicago dropped by 240,000, U.S. Census data shows.
+Williams blames the city for what she calls massive disinvestment in the area. She said it feels as if Hope and the other schools are being punished for the population loss.
+Others said the school district’s policy of school closings — both for academic and for low enrollment reasons — has contributed to population decline. In addition to Englewood High School, CPS has closed 14 area elementary schools over the past decade, including half a dozen in the 2013 historic school closings for low enrollment. They said school closings destabilize communities and push families out.
+Hope today
+Last fall, Hope had about 95 students; 36 of them lived in Hope’s attendance boundary. Today, that’s down to 90.
+About 640 total CPS high school students live in the Hope attendance area — enough for a viable, though small school, according to school district data.
+But about 600 chose not to go to Hope. They are spread out among 110 Chicago public schools. About 27 percent of the students attend schools that are among the highest rated in the school district, according to CPS data.
+About 22 percent go to high schools that are just as poorly rated as the four Englewood schools that are closing.
+Another 17 percent attend a growing number of privately run, publicly-funded alternative schools for dropouts, many of which are run by for-profit companies. Many criticize these half-day, online schools as subpar. The remaining 33 percent of the students go to mid-tier CPS schools — ones that are slightly better, but not much better than Hope in terms of measures such as test scores and graduation rates.
+For Englewood as a whole, about 10 percent of high school students attend their neighborhood high school. Citywide, 22 percent of students attend their assigned neighborhood high schools, 2017 CPS data show.
+As school districts like Chicago have embraced choice, one concern is about potentially leaving the neediest students in the most challenged schools. That seems to have happened at Hope.
+Half of Hope’s students are in special education, and a quarter are homeless, according to CPS data. Hope earned one of CPS’ lowest academic ratings last year. CPS considers the school below average and in need of “intensive support.”
+Jackson, the Hope teacher, said he feels some regret that more was not done to encourage students to attend Hope.
+“But at the same time, we started being able to offer less,” he said.
+‘A death spiral’.
+“What ends up happening is that you [are] creating a sort of death spiral for schools,” said Kurt Hilgendorf, a former Hope teacher who is now a policy advisor for the Chicago Teachers Union.
+Hilgendorf and others said schools like Hope couldn’t compete with new schools, some of which benefited from the support of wealthy donors. There was also no guarantee the new schools would be better than the existing ones; and in fact, three of nine new high schools opened in Englewood over the past decade already have closed or are closing for poor performance.
+Schools CEO Janice Jackson argues that giving students choices has created opportunities for them to attend better schools. She said that is one of the factors driving the district’s much improved graduation rates.
+“Parents are more discerning,” Jackson said. “They know what a quality school is ... and students are choosing those options.”
+But it’s been a disaster for Hope student Miracle Boyd and others like her.
+Miracle faces the prospect of attending three schools in three years.
+For ninth grade, she tried Johnson College Prep, a Noble Street charter high school in Englewood. Back then, she said she was impressed by a promise the school would get her to college.
+But her mother was disappointed with how Johnson dealt with bullying and what she considered high student fees.
+Miracle’s older brother had gone to Hope so her mom transferred her there.
+She wants to stay at Hope but won’t if she finds a school with more offerings, especially ROTC because she’s interested in the Army.
+Miracle can’t understand why it’s so hard to get a high quality education at her neighborhood high school.
+“They are closing us due to low enrollment ... but how is that our fault?” Miracle asked at a recent community hearing where she fought to keep Hope open. “Provide us with a rigorous education and the tools we need to lead us to a road of prosperity and success.”
+Sarah Karp is an education reporter for WBEZ. Follow her on Twitter at @WBEZeducation.
+Thief
+Score: 9.0/10
+Platform: Xbox One (reviewed), PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Windows PC
+Developer: Eidos Montreal
+Publisher: Square Enix
+Release: February 25, 2014
+ESRB: M
+I think it may have happened when I reached out of the shadows to pluck a pair of earrings off a noblewoman’s head. My hands were like the brush of an invisible feather. She didn’t so much as pause in her conversation.
+Or perhaps it was when, after much thought and some terrific acrobatics, I finally got myself into a position to loose a blunt-tipped arrow through the heavy bars of an open window to strike a switch that unlocked a third-storey apartment. It didn’t contain much, but that didn’t take away from the satisfaction of the feat.
+Or maybe it happened while I was away from the game and passing by a brass heritage plaque affixed to a building on a Toronto street. That’s when I found myself absentmindedly wishing that I had my thief’s wrench with me so I could relieve it of its mount and place it on display with all the other heritage plaques I’d stolen in my clock tower stash.
+But regardless of when or where, it did happen.
+At some point during a week spent pouring nearly 30 hours into Eidos Montreal’s reboot of a 16-year-old classic stealth series, I realized that Thief was one of those rare games that tickled me in just the right way. A game that made me sorry to set down my controller at three o’clock in the morning and reluctantly slink off to bed, and even sorrier when the credits finally rolled.
+This was unexpected.
+Thief had, during its lengthy six-year production process, come under some scrutiny from notable gaming publications, some of which published stories suggesting its development was struggling amid corporate politics, creative differences, and team departures.
+This may or may not have been the case.
+But it doesn’t seem to have adversely affected the final product.
+Thief is not a perfect game by any means. For the first few hours I found myself distracted by the occasional dip in frame rate, and by technical issues with the audio that made it difficult to tell from where voices were coming and how far away they were.
+But as I delved deeper into its dark, mysterious, labyrinthine world, I found Thief‘s minor missteps were unable to weigh down a scale tipped so heavily on the side of gratifying stealth action.
+Thief‘s hero and sole playable character is a profossional purloiner by the name of Garrett.
+He is inarguably a criminal, and makes no excuses for it. You may even feel bad watching him take advantage of innocent, loose-lipped townsfolk discussing where they’ve hidden their most valuable belongings.
+And yet, he’s likeable. Even admirable, in his way. He conducts himself according to a personal code, the core tenet of which is that he doesn’t kill anyone unless he absolutely must.
+In fact it’s this rule that sets the stage for the game’s twisty story.
+The opening sequence sees one of Garrett’s evening prowls interrupted by his one-time protégé, a young thief named Erin. They embark on a bit of joint thievery during which he is shocked to see his former apprentice’s nonchalant use of lethal force.
+He tries to teach her a lesson, but that lesson goes awry and Erin is lost in an explosion that has repercussions for Garrett as well: He mysteriously loses a year of his life.
+Fast forward to the present and Garret is coming to terms with a shadowy city that’s changed in his absence. Ruled by a corrupt aristocracy, suffering a terrible plague the residents call the “gloom,” and on the verge of civil war, the master thief is as curious to understand the town’s politics as he is his own disappearance.
+It’s a good little tale grounded in reality with only a gentle dollop of fantasy to help further the intrigue. It’s told a bit too much through the hundreds of documents Garrett finds scattered around the city rather than more viewer-friendly expository cut-scenes, but the writing is interesting and the plot corkscrews in agreeably unpredictable fashion.
+But Thief‘s words aren’t what makes the game so engaging. It’s what happens between them that will keep you playing.
+There are a lot of things that Thief gets right, but none so much as its titular profession.
+Every golden spoon, silver bust, and vintage bottle of wine Garrett pilfers comes with its own little thrill. It’s not just because these items – tantalizingly shiny and often beautifully embossed – are lovely to behold, look valuable, and are worth coveting. It’s because of how we steal them.
+You’ll feel for buttons behind painting frames, running Garrett’s fingers under them until you feel a telltale sign of a switch. You’ll scan bookshelves for lose tomes that double as levers designed to open secret passageways. You’ll analyze textual and environmental clues to work out combinations to three-dial safes.
+Traps, meanwhile, are placed cleverly in front of doors and windows and must be identified and scrutinized before being disarmed. Some locked rooms will only reveal their secrets once you’ve discovered vents from other rooms that lead into them.
+Indeed, figuring out how to get where you need to go as stealthily as you can using an empowering mix of ropes, pipes, catwalks, lockpicks and other elements of the environment makes up the bulk of Thief‘s action. It’s as though the entire world is an enormous puzzle and you need to figure it out one satisfying little jigsaw piece at a time.
+And you’ll have to do it while avoiding witnesses.
+Garrett is armed with a bow and a blackjack and can fight if need be, but it’s best left as a last resort. He can’t take much damage, and his health doesn’t automatically regenerate. Plus, loot bonuses are bestowed for going undetected.
+That means it’s best to stick to shadows and rooftops whenever possible, and extinguish any sources of light when you come across them. You’ll also need to avoid animals with enhanced senses, such as birds and dogs. And you won’t get far if you aren’t mindful of which surfaces generate noise – a puddle, or a floor covered in broken glass, for example – and those which are conducive to quick, feline-like movements, such as a carpeted hall.
+It’s all wonderfully intuitive and lifelike. There are few magic solutions available; success depends on common sense and tactical awareness. Unlike some stealth games, Thief rarely mollycoddles the player. Garrett can’t see through walls, and the map doesn’t show the position and movement of enemies. You’ll need to rely on old-fashioned tricks – such as peeking through keyholes and leaning around corners – to verify whether anyone’s there.
+The closest thing Garrett has to a superpower is his ability to focus, which evolves through the game. Tapping the focus button allows him to see more clearly, picking out important objects in the environment, or, later on, visually pinpointing the sound of approaching footsteps.
+Aside from that – and a neat ability to silently “swoop” from shadow to shadow through the light – Garret relies mostly on his parkour-like athleticism to achieve his objectives while remaining undetected.
+Another key to Thief‘s stealth formula is outstanding level design.
+Intense environmental detail that goes right down to realistic wood grain on the boards of dilapidated buildings and authentic looking mud combines with next-generation lighting, reflection, and fog effects to make for an incredibly immersive, lifelike world.
+And what Eidos’ level designers have done with these graphical building blocks is pretty amazing.
+Five of the game’s eight epic chapters – some of which can last between two and three hours each if you’re trying to be truly sneaky – are very memorable. Stealthy adventures through beautifully realized locations including a luxurious mansion, a silken brothel, and a towering keep are designed in such a way that it seems unlikely any two players will choose a similar path through them. Navigational options are immense, and it’s up to you to decide how you want to get through theses mazes of light and shadow, vents and ducts, armed humans and guard animals.
+Each chapter has its own personality not only in terms of aesthetic but also atmosphere. When I reached a chapter set in an abandoned insane asylum I went from feeling like I was playing a game in the vein of Dishonored to playing one that felt more like Silent Hill. But better – creepier – than any Silent Hill I’ve played in the last dozen years. Things that were in one spot when I passed them were in a different spot when I turned around. It felt for one chapter like I had begun playing a different game, just as good as the one I had been playing.
+The only time I felt things start to lag was during a late-game chapter that’s not set within a specific building. It has a random feel that challenged my sense of location and direction. It stands in contrast to the more fathomable environments of stages that came before, in which I always felt like I had a handle on where I was.
+It’s the sole blemish on an otherwise magnificent feat of level design.
+As tempting as it was to immediately move from one of these terrific chapters to the next, I found it hard to drag myself away from the world hub, a surprisingly large city environment composed of at least half a dozen distinct areas ranging from the red light district to the gallows.
+It’s here that you’ll find some of the game’s most interesting characters – like a mad engineer who needs your help to steal parts for an automaton he’s working on – and where some of the best and purest bits of opportunistic theft take place.
+You can spend hours simply exploring the city looking for flats to break into and crevices between buildings to investigate. There are countless hidden rooms and stashes that aren’t in any way essential to the plot but are nonetheless just waiting to be found by observant burglars.
+And when you decide to take on a more official side mission with a specific objective you may be surprised by its humour (one of my favourites has Garrett trailing a mumbling drunkard) or its depth and intricacy – like a mission to rob a man who’s turned his entire home into a clockwork maze.
+I could go on, but I think the point is clear. Thief is a world full of tantalizing mystery that’s a pleasure to discover and unravel.
+It seems foolish in February to make any proclamations about what will stand out at the end of the year, but I can’t imagine that I will soon forget my experience with Thief. It’s an early, serious, and unexpected contender for my list of the top 10 games of 2014.
+It’s not without a few warts, I’ll admit. I dearly wish that the sound design was a match for the rest of the game. It’s a shame that a thief – a man whose ears ought to be finely attuned to all around him – should have such a hard time determining the direction and distance of conversations taking place nearby. And the second-to-last chapter is a bit of a slog.
+But like Thief‘s rapscallion protagonist, who plainly bears a few faults himself, this is a game that remains loveable despite its blemishes. Don’t miss it.
+Population Growth Indonesia
+This paper examines correlativity between population growing and economic growing in Indonesia by adding lagged birthrate and net-migrants as possible explanatory variables. In this manner, we differentiate the short tally and long tally effects of population growing on economic growing. Since extended migration policies have been taken countrywide in Indonesia, we hypothesize that adding net migrators in the arrested development as a new control could significantly impact the correlativity between the two variables..
+Chapter 1: Introduction
+This paper attempts to analyze correlativity between population growing and economic growing in Indonesia. More than one century the relationship between population growing and economic growing has been debated. On this issue, it is good known that there are chiefly two schools of idea: ( I ) Malthusian and ( two ) Non Malthusian ( Boserupian ) schools. The claim of Malthusian is that population additions at a geometric rate, whereas the food-supply grows at an arithmetic rate. Therefore, the Malthusian school concludes that population growing has inauspicious effects on economic growing overall.
+Non Malthusian school ( Boserupian ) asserts that population may hold a scale consequence that is positive for economic growing. In peculiar, Boserup ( 1981 ) surveies the long-run interrelatedness between demographic tendencies and technological development, and concludes that technological invention and diffusion respond well to demand-pulls generated by population growing. Boserup farther insists that population growing is non a bad thing or even considered benefit to society. Following his statement, several surveies besides suggest that population growing stimulates the growing of economic system ( Mokyr, 1982 ; Cavin, 1984 ) .
+Although many times in arguments, there is small systematic research about the impact of population growing on economic growing. The negative correlativity between population growing and economic growing could keep when the growing in entire end product is unaffected by the growing of population. In this instance, a rise in the rate of population growing would imply a corresponding decrease in the growing of end product per capita. The scientific community by and large accepts the speculation that population growing hinders economic development. Several past surveies besides find this negative relationship between the two variables, such as Hazledine and Moreland ( 1977 ) , Jackman ( 1982 ) , McNicoll ( 1984 ) , Coale ( 1986 ) , Bloom and Freeman ( 1988 ) , Kelley and Schmidt ( 1994, 1995 ) , and Barlow ( 1994 ) .
+In the other subdivision of consequences, several empirical analyses, such as Easterlin ( 1967 ) , Kuznet ( 1967 ) , Simon and Gobin ( 1980 ) , Bairoch ( 1981 ) , Firebaugh ( 1983 ) and Simon ( 1989 ) , find no correlativity or even a positive 1. In other words, a negative causal consequence of population growing on economic growing is non identified statistically. One of the distinguishable plant is Crenshaw, Ameen and Christenson ( 1997 ) that survey 75 developing states, and analyzed the one-year mean per centum alteration in existent gross domestic merchandise per capita from 1965 to 1990 on demographic theoretical accounts. They find that an addition in the kid population hinders economic advancement, while an addition in the grownup population Fosters economic development.
+The most influential work in this vena of research is Simon ( 1989 ) , which provides the logic of why many surveies yield different decisions on relationship between population growing and economic growing. He claims that most of past plants do non mention to the really long tally, but instead normally cover merely a one-fourth of century or a century at most. He farther argues that shorter term effects upon the criterion of life operate chiefly through capital dilution that includes the public costs of raising kids and the costs of supplying production capital for the extra individuals in the work topographic point. He besides claims that the most of import positive effects of extra people can be realized merely in the long tally through betterment of productiveness, the part of new thoughts and the acquisition by making ensuing from increased production volume.
+Simon references that absence of correlativity between two variables can normally be considered a strong indicant that neither variable is act uponing the other, in other word, that slower population growing does non do faster economic development. More specifically, his statement is as follows:The lone persuasive statement against such a decision as a plausible scenario in which one or more specified variables that have been omitted from the analysis would, if included, take to a negative partial relationship between population growing and economic development. The variables must be named by the critic, and they must look sensible.
+Barlow ( 1994 ) responds to Simon’s challenge by utilizing lagged birthrate as one omitted variable for his research. This variable is added to the current population growing as a forecaster of current per capita income growing, because this enables us to extricate short tally and long tally effects of population growing, which otherwise become baffled statistically. He argues that in the short tally, an addition in birthrate tends to hold negative effects on per capita income growing and in the long tally, its partial effects tend to be positive due to an addition in labour force or other causes. Since current birthrate is extremely correlated with past birthrate, current population growing rates include both the short tally negative and the long tally positive effects without commanding lagged birthrate.
+Using the information of 86 states, he finds that if lagged birthrate is now added to the current rate of population growing, the correlativity between current economic growing and current population growing becomes significantly negative, while a simple two variables model without lagged birthrate exhibits no correlativity or even positive one. In his paper, a lagged birthrate variable is operationally defined as the net birthrate rate averaged over the six twelvemonth period get downing 17 old ages before the start of the period over which economic growing is measured. His arrested development consequence is considered outstanding since it is the first empirical research that demonstrates, without commanding lagged birthrate in the arrested development, current population growing appears to hold a zero impact on current per capita income growing, even when it truly has a negative short tally consequence.
+In this paper, we extend Barlow’s analysis to analyze the impact of population growing on economic growing in Indonesia. We consider net-migrants as a new independent variable by pulling on provincial degree informations in Indonesia. Since extended migration policies have been taken countrywide in Indonesia, we hypothesize that adding net migrators in the arrested development non merely significantly affect the correlativity between the two variables, but besides partly capture the long tally positive consequence of population growing on economic growing. Furthermore, of our peculiar involvement is whether our consequence is consistent with the Barlow’s analysis of cross-country informations.
+Indonesian people have traditionally been in changeless motion over clip. Migration within and across the parts or states has been both voluntary and nonvoluntary. Through transmigration policy implemented by the authorities, many Indonesian households who resided in the dumbly settled parts were resettled to lower population denseness parts ( Rogers et. al. , 2007 ) . Since 1950, transmigration policy has moved 6,271,240 peoples from 1,223,892 households. Migration contributes to demographic alteration in Indonesia associating to the separate people from one state to others state that influences economic development in their old part and their new part. Because of its important function in population alteration, we freshly add net-migrants to population growing as a forecaster of economic growing.. Furthermore, these consequences give answer to Simon’s invitation. Here, net-migrants are the variable which Simon mentioned to do relationship between population growing and economic going negative significantly. Overall, we could state that our consequences are consistent with Barlow’s claim.
+This paper is organized as follow: Chapter 1 is Introduction. Chapter 2 discusses economic growing, population growing, birthrate and migration in Indonesia. Chapter 3 nowadayss methodological analysis and consequences, that contains theoretical account, informations description and arrested development consequence of correlativity among economic growing, population growing, lagged birthrate and migration in Indonesia. The last chapter is Chapter 4 that it is decisions and recommendations.
+Chapter 2: ECONOMIC AND POPULATION OF INDONESIA
+Population in Indonesia is estimated to be more than 218 million ( 2005 ) , and it is the world’s fourth-most thickly settled state. With 124 million people, the Java Island becomes one of the most dumbly populated countries in the universe or some 945 individuals per square kilometre. The most dumbly populated Outer Islands have 90 individuals or fewer per square kilometre. Indonesia experienced an impressive diminution in population growing 2.42 % in 1971-1980 to 1.98 % in 1981-1990. With such a diminishing tendency of population growing in the yesteryear, Indonesia has increased life criterions in footings of per capita gross domestic merchandise every bit good as societal public assistance around that decennary.
+2.1. Economic Development
+Indonesia terminated the first long term ( 25 old ages ) stage of development which started in 1969 and entered the 2nd, get downing in 1994. The first long term has exhibited an betterment in people’s public assistance to an extent that most of the basic demands for the bulk of people were satisfied. An addition in both per capita income and economic growing has contributed to important decrease in the figure people populating in poorness and an betterment of some basic societal indexs, such as in wellness, nutrition and instruction ( World Bank, 1990 ) .
+Although Indonesia successfully improved the criterion of life in the yesteryear, there still exist 15 per centum of people that live in absolute poorness ; the disparity in the rate of economic growing among parts is acquiring perturbation for national economic growing ; the labour force is still turning at an dismaying rate, 2.3 million per twelvemonth. Thus at that place has remained a strong demand to better life criterions and the quality of instruction, wellness and nutrition. These challenges must be solved with accelerated sustainable economic growing based on the accomplishments in the long term development stage.
+After retrieving from an unstable political and economic state of affairs in the early 1960s, Indonesia has maintained a high growing rate of about 7 % per annum until 1997. However, in the 1997-98 economic crises, Indonesia experienced the largest diminution in growing compared to neighbouring East Asiatic states. During 1998-2000, Indonesia besides fell behind other Asiatic states in retrieving from the economic crisis. This happening yields a set of new jobs, which are intense unemployment every bit good as high population denseness in this state.
+Indonesia’s growing remains modest in 2003, but the economic system has performed better than expected. The twelvemonth of 2003 was marked by assorted external and internal menaces. Contrary to the guesss of many economic perceivers, the war in Aceh has so far non had a important impact on the Indonesian economic system ( Basri, 2003 ) . After economic crisis, Indonesia’s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) grew continuously. In 2005, GDP grew 4.9 per centum, while in 2003 grew 4.1 % , somewhat higher than 2002 ( 3.7 % ) ( Kuncoro and Reksosudarmo, 2006 ) .
+Figure 1: Growth rate of Gross Domestic Product of Indonesia per twelvemonth, 1993-2005
+2.2. Population of Indonesia
+During 35 old ages population of Indonesia increased aggressively from 119,208,229 people in 1971 to 218,868,791 people in 2005 Such an addition in population becomes a serious job for people to maintain good life criterions, whereas it could be considered possible resource to increase production activity in the hereafter.
+Although a alteration in human population could be characterized by many factors, such as birthrate, mortality, migration, public wellness, labour force and household planning, we focus on birthrate and migration to be 2nd sentiment in analysis on the relationship between population growing and economic growing in Indonesia. Given the empirical informations, population growing in state of Indonesia appears to be influenced by both birthrate and migration.
+2.2.1. Birthrate
+Indonesian authorities has household planning policy, which significantly contributed to cut downing birthrate. The birthrate rates have decreased by 40 % due to a combination of household planning and the usage of modern preventives, economic development and improved instruction for adult females. conceptual model for Indonesia’s birthrate decrease, 1950-1985.
+The diminutions in birthrate, which reached replacing degrees in parts of Java, contribute to diminutions in the figure of hazardous births and gives better infant wellness. The part of the Indonesian household be aftering plan can be confirmed by looking at diminishing one-year population growing rates from 2.32 % in 1971-1980 to 1.97 % n 1980-1990.
+We besides find that the cardinal factor in worsening Indonesia’s birthrate is the handiness of modern prophylactic methods.
+Political orientation
+Old order
+Liberation/nationalism
+“Revolution cull yesterday”
+New Order
+Pancasila rules
+Socialization
+Expansion of mass instruction
+Higher instruction
+New universe position
+Mass communications: imperativeness, Television, wireless
+Administration
+Development-oriented bureaucratism
+Strengthened perpendicular lines of authorization
+Foreign assistance
+Family
+Couple-arranged matrimonies
+Romantic matrimony
+Liberation of kids: schools, reverseal of duties
+Family Planing
+Pill
+Sterilization
+Intrauterine device
+Depo-Provera
+NORPLANT
+Logistic system
+Economy
+Green Revolution
+Industrialization
+Expansion of labour force
+Rising economic system
+Rise of in-between category
+Expansion of public plants
+Domestic and imported mass ingestion goods
+Proximate variables
+Increased prenuptial sex
+Reduced postpartum abstention
+Increased usage of birth control
+Increased usage of abortion
+Improved generative wellness of adult females
+Fertility diminution
+The Government by the National Family Planning Coordination Board has developed an efficient logistics system to supply a seamless supply of modern prophylactic methods to clinics and other points of distribution. A big proportion of Indonesia adult females of generative age have adopted utilizing of reversible prophylactic methods, such as the IUD, the pill and Norplant. This policy encouraged work forces to take more duty for birthrate control, and have spurred the usage of rubber.
+2.2.2. Migration
+Migration is defined as the figure of people traveling from one vicinity to another, sometimes over long distances or in big group. Interregional migration in Indonesia has been dominated by motion from the dumbly settled rural countries of Java to the outer island, such as Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi.
+More than 60 percent people of Indonesia resided in Java and Bali that comprised 7 per centum of the nation’s land country. In 1990, more than 60 percent people of Indonesia resided in Java and Bali, two islands that comprise merely 7 per centum of the nation’s land country. The high population densenesss contrasted with the huge countries of the outer islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua where population densenesss are significantly lower.
+Indonesian Government implemented a policy to separate people from more population denseness to the less population denseness country. This policy is well-known as transmigration. Transmigration was initiated under Dutch colonial regulation during the early 20Thursdaycentury and taken over by the Indonesian Government. The major end of the transmigration plan in Indonesia was to excite regional development and create employment chances. The authorities fundss motion of landless people from the crowded inner islands of Java, Bali, Madura and Lombok to agricultural based colonies in the outer islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Irian ( Papua ) where population densenesss are lower. It is now believed that this plan would relieve poorness and supply land, besides new chances to bring forth income for hapless landless colonists ( Arndt and Sundrum ( 1977 ) .
+Transmigration in Indonesia encompasses three different groups. First,sponsored transmigrants group, that people receives extended support from the authorities during the initial five old ages of colony in the signifier of conveyance, land, lodging, and societal services. Second,local transmigrant groupthat people of this group which originate in or near the colony countries would be developed and receive the same benefits as the sponsored transmigrants. Third,self-generated transmigrants groupthat people move at their ain disbursal and settle in a site of their pick.
+Another of import note in migration of Indonesia is that late Indonesia faces several struggles whose effects are realized in the grassroots population and collapsible shelters as internally displacement individuals. Since 1998 the moving of internally displacement people is already more than 1.3 million, from Kalimantan, Maluku, Sumatra, Papua and Nusatenggara. The roots of struggle based on part and mostly on the out of boundss, such as force between the bulk Muslims and minority Christian on eastern Maluku islands and Poso-Central Sulawesi, between local cultural and Maduras in East Kalimantan. Figure 5 shows Internally Displacement Persons Champs in Indonesia.
+Conflict in Poso, Central Sulawesi left at lease 200 dead and an estimated 60,000 people displaced. In Aceh, the figure of individuals displaced by the struggle ebbed and flowed, but 10s of 1000 fled their places over the class of the twelvemonth. Thousands of non-Acehnese migrated to other state in Sumatra and Java, many after holding been threatened by Rebels. In July 2001, about 60,000 people from Central and West Kalimantan of the recent eruption of force lived in shocking in collapsible shelters and shelters in Pontianak, West Kalimantan ( Pudjiastuti, 2002 ) .
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+Chapter 3: Methodology AND RESULTS
+We analyze correlativity between economic growing and population growing in Indonesia from 1993-2005 by utilizing ordinary leas square ( OLS ) . We start from Simon physique in his research. He notes Ronald Lee account which summarized correlativity between population growing and economic growing.
+“Starting with Kuznets’ , have found no association between the population growing rate and per capita income growing rate, despite the obvious fact that at least since WWII, population growing rates have varied considerably… . over period every bit long as a century or every bit short as 25 old ages, there is no important association of ( the population growing rate and the rate of alteration of per capita income ) , for either DCs or LDCs …”( Reviewed by Simon, 1989 ; italics added ) .
+Then, Julian Simon ( 1989 ) stated that population growing and economic growing would hold negative partial relationship if included one or more specified variables in the analysis. We use lagged birthrate and net-migrants to look into Simon’s statement.
+The ground utilizing lagged birthrate in the analysis between population growing and economic growing is that it can distinguish short-term and long-term effects of population growing on economic growing. The statement is that in the short-run, an addition in lagged birthrate tends to hold negative effects on economic growing and in the long-term, tends to be positive effects. Current birthrate has high correlativity with past birthrate, therefore current population growing covers the short-term negative and the long-term positive effects. Therefore, we argue that in a two-variable analysis, correlativity between current population growing appear to hold a zero impact on current economic growing. The ground utilizing net-migrants in Indonesia’s survey is that migration is the mainstream policy in economic development which started in the early 1900s. Recently, employment coevals through investing in labour-intensive endeavors was given high precedence, and migration policy was a manner for occupation creative activity.
+Here, economic growing is represented by mean one-year growing of existent Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) in period 1993-1999 and 1999-2005. Population growing is mean one-year growing of population in period 1993-1999 and 1999-2005. Lagged birthrate is defined as the net birthrate rate averaged over the six-year period get downing 17 old ages before the start of the period over which economic growing. In this analysis if the economic growing period is 1993-1999, lagged birthrate is the mean net birthrate rate over the 1976-1982. The net birthrate rate is defined as the entire birthrate rate adjusted for infant mortality. Net-migrants growing is mean one-year growing of net-migrants in period 1993-1999 and 1999-2005. We use informations from Central Bureau Statistic of Indonesia ( hypertext transfer protocol: // ) and Data Statistik Indonesia ( hypertext transfer protocol: // ) . The information consists 26 states in Indonesia composition of 2 period twelvemonth each state.
+When we add lagged birthrate in the arrested development theoretical account, the correlativity between economic growing and population growing is non important This consequence is contradictive with Barlow’s probe by utilizing transverse state informations analysis. He found that adding lagged birthrate in two-variable analysis makes the coefficient on current population growing significantly negative.
+* = coefficient significantly different from nothing at 90 per centum assurance degree.
+** = coefficient significantly different from nothing at 95 per centum assurance degree
+*** = coefficient significantly different from nothing at 99 per centum assurance degree
+If net-migrants growing is added in the arrested development analysis, therefore we have three independency variables, the correlativity between current economic growing and current population growing becomes significantly negative. The arrested development equation is reported in Table 2 ( No. 3 ) . So, we know the ground why lagged birthrate by its ain doesn’t consequence on correlativity between population growing and economic growing. The ground is people who born in 17 old ages ago migrate to the other part and go employment in the new part.
+In this analysis, the period of net-migrants growing is the same with population growing and economic growing. Net-migrants are defined as the difference between immigrants and emigres of an country in a period of clip. A positive value represents more people come ining the part than go forthing it, while a negative value means more people go forthing than come ining to the part. In the short tally, increasing net-migrants lead to a negative partial relationship between population growing and economic growing.
+Economic growing is positively related to net-migrants growing, but negatively related to population growing. The positive consequence of current net-migrants growing on current economic growing could be made clear by the fact that higher growing rate of net-migrants induce higher growing rate of the labour force and ingestion. Migration will hold on domestic labour supply, although its economic effects will depend greatly on whether it is lasting or impermanent and on the nature of migratory remittals. ( Bloom and Freeman, 1986 ) .
+The resulted that a higher growing rate of current population has a negative consequence on current economic growing could be explained by diminishing salvaging rate as a consequence of higher dependence load, the direct addition in the denominator of the gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) ratio, and diminishing female labour force engagement rate. The negative correlativity besides can be explained by relationship among labour, salvaging and capital. Surplus labour is absorbed merely if salvaging and capital grow faster than population, or if technological alteration in fabricating beginnings the combined effects of decreasing returns in agribusiness and of population growing. The displacement of labour into fabrication occurs more quickly the slower the growing of population, therefore other things being equal ( Birdsall, 1989 ) .
+It gives us the ground the zero impact rate of population growing on current economic growing in the two-variable theoretical account, while in four-variable theoretical account the impact is negative. In the two-variable theoretical account, the mean one-year population growing represents besides net-migrants growing, non merely itself.
+In the instance of Indonesia, increasing growing rate of cyberspace migrators has positive impact on economic growing. This instance same with the positive impact of in-migration in United Kingdom which investigated by Coleman and Rowthorn ( 2004 ) . Large-scale in-migration in United Kingdom is to be indispensable for the economic wellbeing and beneficial for the society ; steps have been introduced to increase influxs. The benefits include financial advantages, increased gross domestic merchandise per caput, a ready supply of labour, and betterments to age construction.
+Ghosts
+Governor Austin Peay (second from right)
+and unidentified men at the
+Meriwether Lewis gravesite monument,
+undated, Library Photograph Collection
+Meriwether Lewis National Monument
+Meriwether Lewis was one half of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition chosen by President Thomas Jefferson to explore, document and map the western continent. After the expedition, Lewis became Governor of the Louisiana Territory.
+On October 10, 1809 on his way from Louisiana to Washington, D.C., Meriwether Lewis arrived at Grinder’s Stand near Hohenwald, Tennessee, and secured rooms for the night. Mrs. Grinder later recounted that Lewis spent time that evening in the common room pacing and mumbling in a strange manner. Later that night after Lewis had retired to his room, Mrs. Grinder heard gunshots. Some accounts say she also heard Lewis asking for help or water. Others say that she heard him say “It is so hard to die.” All agree, however, that Mrs. Grinder took no steps to help him. In the morning, Lewis was found in his own blood, still alive, but he died soon afterwards. He was buried nearby.
+Historians generally agree that Meriwether Lewis committed suicide that night. However, the evidence and eye-witness accounts are flimsy enough that speculation has persisted that he may have been murdered. Today his gravesite is commemorated by the Meriwether Lewis National Monument on the Natchez Trace Parkway. Even the historic marker at the site acknowledges the controversy surrounding his death stating that it marks the spot where Meriwether Lewis’ “life of romantic endeavor and lasting achievement came tragically and mysteriously to its close.”
+Visitors to the Meriwether Lewis National Monument have reported a restless energy about the place and a strange force pervading the isolated spot. They sometimes hear the noise of a water-dipper scraping an empty bucket and the words “so hard to die” mixed in with the rustling of leaves. Some wonder if Meriwether Lewis is trying to set the record straight about that fateful autumn evening.
+Carnton Plantation at Franklin, Tennessee
+The home of John and Carrie McGavock, the Carnton Plantation was the site of the “five bloodiest hours” of the Civil War on November 30, 1864. During the Battle of Franklin almost 10,000 soldiers were killed. Mrs. McGavock graciously offered her home to serve as a Confederate field hospital where hundreds of wounded were treated and many died. Along with her two surviving children (three others had died before the age of 14), Mrs. McGavock spent countless hours assisting the wounded and providing the family linens and clothing for bandages. Reports said that the dress she wore was blood-soaked by the end of the night. Winder and Hattie, the McGavock children, carried the memory of that bloody night for years to come.
+To this day, blood stains the wooden floors and can be clearly seen in tours of the McGavock home. Nearly 1500 soldiers were buried on the property on land donated by the family. The McGavock home is known as the most haunted building in Tennessee. Confederate Generals appear to stand watch pacing back and forth along the porches. The ghosts of children sometimes peer from the Carnton windows. Some claim to have seen Carrie McGavock herself sitting on one porch in a long pink gown gazing towards the cemetery. Not only do numerous ghosts haunt the house, but the charging of horses accompanied by gun and cannon fire can be heard on the grounds. Unexplained moans and sighs rise from the graveyard, and the occasional Confederate soldier can be seen walking through the graves.
+Cherry Mansion - Savannah, Tennessee
+During the Battle of Shiloh in April of 1862, Cherry Mansion in Savannah served as General Ulysses S. Grant’s headquarters. The Confederate forces launched a surprise attack against Grant and his men that was initially successful. However, by the end of the second day, the Confederate prospects had dimmed dramatically, and the Union was victorious in what was then the bloodiest battle in the United States history. Nearly 3,500 Americans died on the battlefield.
+Over the years, Cherry Mansion has been visited by disembodied footsteps and other unexplained noises. Visitors and passersby have reported ghostly apparitions in upstairs windows dressed in Union uniforms gazing out over the grounds of the home. Most famously, in 1976 a group of four young men witnessed a linen-suited, gray-bearded man stroll up to the historical marker on the grounds, read it, and promptly vanish into thin air. No one knows exactly who read that marker or who gazes out the upper story windows. Many soldiers on both sides of the Civil War died at Shiloh in April 1862. Some of them may never have left.
+The Eakin House – Shelbyville, Tennessee
+Newly married Lucretia Pearson Eakin longed to live in town so that she could become more involved with the church. In 1835 her husband, John Eakin, completed their new home, and the young couple moved in across the street from the Presbyterian Church. Lucretia, known as “Crecy,” became an active member of the church and community. Her home was known throughout town as a warm and welcoming place. As she grew older, people began calling her “Aunt Crecy,” and she spent many hours in the upstairs sitting room, her favorite room in the house. Aunt Crecy died in the 1890s, but it took years before she left her beloved home.
+The Coldwell family bought the home after Aunt Crecy’s death. Even with a new family, Aunt Crecy continued caring for the house making sure that opened windows were closed during a rain, rearranging and straightening furniture and books, and protecting the family from minor domestic mishaps. No one ever claimed to see Aunt Crecy, but many felt her presence. One time she moved an abandoned bicycle to prevent the owners from tripping. In 1931, a fire started on the second floor due to faulty wiring. The entire second story had to be removed and was not rebuilt. The house remains a one-story dwelling, and since the fire, Aunt Crecy’s caring spirit has never made another appearance.
+University of Tennessee, Knoxville Campus
+The University of Tennessee’s Knoxville campus has its share of ghosts. Founded in 1794 as Blount College, UT’s long history is replete with material that lends itself to ghost stories.
+Sophronia Strong (1817-1867) haunts Strong Hall, a women’s dormitory built on the grounds of her former home. “Sophie” tends to appear around her birthday each year, February 17. In general she is a playful spirit, locking women out of the bathrooms and dorm rooms. However, she is adverse to conflict and is likely to appear in the midst of arguments effectively ending them.
+Union soldiers killed in the Battle of Fort Sanders that was fought on the UT campus haunt “the Hill” and apartments at the corner of Laurel and 15th. Union soldiers also haunted Blount Hall before it was torn down in 1979. Hoskins Library is inhabited by the ghost of a former Director as well as spirit known as “Evening Primrose” who is accompanied by the smell of cornbread. Sitting on what may have been a Native American burial ground, Reese Hall is haunted by unhappy spirits that roam the halls frightening residents.
+Other ghosts at the Knoxville campus include the thespian ghost, Fanny, who haunted the Old Science Building before it was razed in 1979 and Benita, the pet dog of the former owners of Tyson Hall, who is buried behind the building and can be heard barking to this day.
+Read House Hotel, Chattanooga
+The Sheraton Read House Hotel sits on a site in Chattanooga that has been occupied by hotels for over 160 years. In 1847 the Old Crutchfield House was built. A large, grand hotel, the Old Crutchfield House was used as a hospital by Union Troops in 1863. The current 10 story Georgian style hotel was built in 1926. This structure has been haunted for the past 80 years.
+Although there are many interpretations of the hauntings of the Read House, it is clear that most of the unexplained occurrences center around room 311. Theories about the ghosts’ origins range from murdered soldiers from the Civil War to suicide victims. However,.
+Read House was beautifully renovated in 2004 and is proud to offer guests a haunted vacation.
+“Memphis’ Most Famous Ghost Story”
+While she has faded from local memory, “Pink Lizzie” was Memphis’ most famous ghost for many years from the late 19th through the mid 20th Centuries. First reported in the Memphis Avalanche newspaper in 1871, the story quickly became a local legend and a book. A Brinkley Female College student, 13-year-old Clara Robertson, was practicing piano on February 21, 1871 when an apparition of an 8-year-old girl appeared to her wearing a dingy, moldy pink dress. The ghost returned numerous times and pointed out the location of treasures buried in the school yard. Several stories about the ghost ran in the Memphis Avalanche, and Memphians quenched their fears with Ghost Cocktails. During a trance arranged by Clara’s father, the ghost spoke through Clara and identified herself as Lizzie Davidson, daughter of Colonel Davidson, the original builder of the mansion the Brinkley Female College now occupied.
+A crowd gathered to watch Lizzie and her father dig for Pink Lizzie’s buried treasure which was found sealed in a jar just as the spirit had predicted. As Lizzie’s spirit requested, Clara’s father waited 60 days to open the jar. During those sixty days, Memphis was gripped by a mania for séances attended by Clara and involving table-tippling, slate-writing, and ringing of tambourines. Dramatically a few days before the grand opening of the mysterious jar, Clara’s father was attacked in his back yard, and the jar was stolen. The contents were never seen and the culprits were never caught. However, a few days later the ghost of Lizzie spoke to Clara and revealed that the jar had contained $2000 in gold, jewelry, and valuable papers.
+The Brinkley Female College soon closed and the building fell into disrepair. It served many uses over the years. In 1972, 101 years after 13-year-old Clara Robertson’s initial sighting of Pink Lizzie in the piano room, the dilapidated old Brinkley Female College was dismantled and replaced by commercial enterprises.
+Memphis’ Orpheum Mary
+While “Pink Lizzie” occupied Memphians’ imaginations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the title of Memphis’ Most Famous Ghost now belongs to another little girl, The Orpheum’s “Mary.”
+The Orpheum Theatre sits at Beale St. and Main St. on the site of the former Grand Opera House. In 1923 fire broke out during a performance, and the Opera House burned to the ground. The current opulent Orpheum Theatre was opened at the same location in 1928.
+Since its days as a Malco movie house, visitors to the Orpheum Theatre have been startled by the ghost in seat C5. Originally referred to by employees in the 1970s as Eurydice, the Orpheum’s spirit is that of a young girl. Initial witnesses assumed she had perished in the 1923 fire. However, in 1979 a group of paranormal investigators from what was then Memphis State University investigated the Orpheum and found out that the ghost’s name was Mary. In 1921 at the age of 12, Mary was hit by a streetcar and brought into the theater where she died. While she usually sits in her favorite seat, C5, Mary has been known to run up and down the aisles and play harmless pranks. She wears a white dress, black stockings, and her long brown hair in braids. In addition to Mary, the 1979 investigation turned up six other spirits residing at the Orpheum. So Mary is never lonely, even when no one is in the building.
+The Ghost at the Hermitage
+The book The Preservation of the Hermitage by Mrs. Mary C. Dorris, 1915, details the account of two women of the Ladies Hermitage Association who stayed in the deserted Hermitage, the former home of President Andrew Jackson, soon after it was abandoned in 1893. Mrs. Dorris writes of the ladies who slept on pallets in the front parlor:
+Hours passed, and the two ladies slept calmly. Suddenly there rose through the house the most terrific noises. The pantry, which was near, seemed to have tossed all of its pans and dishes in a confused heap upon the floor, chains were heard clanking over the porticoes, and a confusion of sounds made a most deafening clatter. It was as if General Jackson had mounted his war charger and was riding with a victorious shout at the head of his military forces through the hall and corridor. In a moment both ladies were thoroughly awake…The lamp was lighted and as suddenly as the noises came they ceased entirely…
+The following night they experienced a similar occurrence:
+As nearly as the ladies could judge, at the same time the same sounds were heard, unmistakable and ghostly – the same dishes falling down in the pantry, the same sound of chains, the same war horse tread, the same arousing out of sleep…Although very brave, the two city ladies did not care to investigate mysterious noises in a large, empty house at the midnight hour…They never learned what caused the sounds and finally concluded that they had had an actual experience with ghosts.
+The Belmont Mansion, Nashville
+The Belmont Mansion is said to be haunted by the ghost Adelicia Acklen, wife of the original owner and the “Mistress of Belmont.” Adelicia was famous for the balls and parties she threw at her Belmont estate and for hosting such notables as President Andrew Johnson, Alexander Graham Bell, and Thomas Huxley. However, Adelicia also had her share of tragedy. She buried two of her husbands, and six of her children died before the age of 12. Her third marriage lasted 20 years but ended in separation. Adelicia moved out of the mansion to Washington, D.C., in 1884 and died 3 years later. Her body was returned to Nashville for burial.
+Today, Belmont Mansion is at the center of the campus of Belmont University, and it is as if Adelicia had never left. Security guards report seeing her ghostly form scurrying worriedly around the mansion, and students have seen her both inside the mansion and on the immediate grounds. The ghost of Adelicia Acklen has reportedly been photographed in front of a mirror inside the mansion. Some speculate that she is searching for her dead children and others that she is worried that the school may demolish her mansion to make room for new buildings. Whatever her reasons, Adelicia appears to be a permanent fixture in the mansion where she spent grandest and her most tragic years.
+Belle Meade Mansion, Nashville
+In October 1984, The Tennessean reported that in June of that year, the night alarm at the Belle Meade mansion in Nashville, triggered by a motion detector in the mansion’s nursery, rang unexpectedly five different nights in one week. It always rang between 3:40 and 3:47. No explanation could be found. Employees speculated that it was the ghost of General William G. Harding, the mansion’s original owner. In June of 1848, he and his frail wife, the former Elizabeth McGavock, attempted to nurse their 9-month-old daughter, Susan Sarah Harding, back to health. Their daughter died on July 6 of the same year. Could the ghost of General Harding have tripped the alarm as he tried to check on his dying daughter?
+The Ryman Auditorium and Tootsie’s Orchid Lounge
+The Ryman Auditorium, home of the original Grand Ole Opry, has more than its share of ghost stories. Riverboat captain Thomas Ryman built the Ryman Auditorium as the Union Gospel Tabernacle in 1892. After Ryman died, the building received the name Ryman Auditorium, and it became a center for performing arts. However, Captain Ryman’s ghost made his disapproval of certain acts known by stomping up and down the aisles and creating so much noise that performances were interrupted and audience members left. Infamously, the ghost disrupted the Metropolitan Opera’s production of Carmen in the early 1900’s and the production of Tobacco Road in the 1930’s.
+The Ryman Auditorium served as the site of several reunions of Confederate soldiers. One of those soldiers is rumored to have remained at the building long after his death. The “Gray Man” frequently sits quietly in the balcony watching rehearsals and disappears whenever someone attempts to get a closer look. A more recent ghost is that of Hank Williams Sr. Apparently he loved performing at the Opry so much that he has come back after death to entertain staff as they lock up for the night. After ghostly performances at the Ryman, Hank has been known to head across the alley to Tootsie’s Orchid Lounge for a few more ethereal sets.
+A more recently rumored ghostly encounter was by Lisa Marie Presley. After performing on stage at the Ryman, Lisa Marie headed to her dressing room. Oddly, the door would not budge no matter how hard she or her guards tried to open it. Finally, when the singer and her guards reached the height of frustration, they heard her long-dead father’s distinctive laugh, and the door opened. Elvis Presley had returned to hear his daughter perform and to let her know he supported her with his warm, embracing laugh.
+This weekend the biggest attraction is the annual Mattituck Strawberry Festival. Our fruit is ripe,and the juicy sweetness feeds family fun of all kinds. Many venues are offering special events aimed at celebrating Dad. Unsurprisingly, most involve beer, bbq & live music.
+North Fork artists of all sorts come out to personally share their works.
+This weekend there's an extra reason to ferry to Shelter Island. The Perlman Center's offering four special chamber music concerts.
+We offer more than food, wine and glamour this weekend; feed your brain too with documentary film or environmental and history lectures.
+Like yard sales? One community is offering its collective treasures, while a local boy scout troop hopes their sale will fund summer camp.
+The Highlights
+(Click a title to reach the full listings for that type of event)
+Festivals
+This weekend's Strawberry Festival has it all: fireworks, rides, vendors, midway games, live music, strawberries, a good cause.
+Food, Farm & Vineyard
+Dads can pick from several Father's Day barbecues at the wineries, even take a special grilling class. Get personal with farming by meeting the baby goats at Capatano's Dairy. Learn all about herbs. Enjoy the many weekly farm & vineyard tours and tastings.
+Live Music
+Lots of options all weekend, from acoustic guitar to steel drum mania and everything in between. Perhaps the biggest treat is the chamber music concerts at Itzhak Perlman's center on Shelter Island.
+Visual & Performing Arts
+Meet a painter, fine art photographers, a filmmaker and an author; see and hear their work. Watch the local theater troop perform at their annual fundraising gala.
+Outdoors, Land, Sky & Sea
+Beyond our beautiful beaches, parks, fishing boats and lighthouse museum, this weekend offers a handful of outdoor-related workshops and lectures.
+Shopping Specials
+Like yard sales? Shop a couple of large community ones this weekend.
+Festivals
+- Strawberry Festival, Mattituck. The 60th Annual Strawberry Festival is a classic country carnival of rides, games, cotton candy and funnel cake,.This one outshines all the others by featuring mountains of strawberries and extra frills. Enjoy strawberry daiquiris (virgin, this is family friendly), chocolate covered strawberries, and strawberry shortcake. Cruise to the sky in the Ferris wheel; get your face painted; visit over 100 arts and craft vendors; dance to live music. Enjoy fireworks Friday and Saturday nights. And if you’re a Dad—and you bring your kid with you—you get in free on Sunday. Sponsored by the Mattituck Lions Club. Details.
+Food, Farm & Vineyard
+Friday
+- Winemaker's Studio, Peconic. Happy hour! 5-7 pm. Details.
+- Dilberto Winery, Jamesport. For a fun and casual start to your weekend dining, enjoy two glasses of wine and a pizza at Dilberto's Winery. 6-8 pm. Details.
+Saturday
+- Greenport Farmer's Market, Greenport. Local produce, poultry, eggs, shellfish, cheese, bread, wine, preserves, and more. 9 am to 1 pm. Details.
+- Herbs for Health, Healing & Vitality, Southold. The Peconic Land Trust invites you to Charnews' Farm for a workshop focused on herbs, and learn methods to harvest fresh herbs, make sun tea, and use wild herbs to create infused oil. Discover what plants can be harvested as summer begins, how to make a flower essence, and a medicinal tincture. Series is led by Heather Cusack, a certified biology teacher, organic grower, and herbalist. 10 am. Details.
+- Sang Lee Farms Tour, Peconic. Tour organic farm fields, greenhouses and barn. Enjoy an amazing tasting of delicious vegetables and prepared products from the Sang Lee Kitchen. 11-12:30 pm. Details.
+- Winemaker's Studio, Peconic. Happy hour! 5-7 pm. Details.
+- Waters Crest Winery BBQ Bootcamp, Cutchogue. Dads should join Chef Tom Fazio to learn all the best BBQ’ing tricks of the trade. From easy marinades, rubs, injections – to making your own smoker on your grill. Dad will receive 1 free glass of wine – or – pint of beer at the event. Of course there will be delightful BBQ samples to try! 2-4. Details.
+- Castello Di Borghese Vineyard, Cutchogue invites you to tour its winery and production facility, and taste its wine. Saturday from 1. Prefer to be indoors? Tour the winery and barrel center starting at 2:30, also involving a taste of four wines. Details.
+Sunday
+- Sparkling Pointe's Cheers for Dad, Southold. BBQ food by The Kitchen at Waterside Caterers, beer from Port Jefferson Brewing Co., and live music. 2-5 pm. Details.
+- Meet the Baby Goats at Capatano Dairy Farms. Peconic. Family farm day noon-4pm. Details.
+- Sang Lee Farms Tour, Peconic. Tour organic farm fields, greenhouses and barn. Enjoy an amazing tasting of delicious vegetables and prepared products from the Sang Lee Kitchen. 11-12:30 pm. Details.
+- Sannino Bella Vita Vineyard-Father's Day Tasting, Peconic Get the inside scoop of barrel aging. Join Anthony Sannino, owner, grape grower, Winemaker and Father for a talk and a vertical tasting of Petit Verdot (2010,2012 & 2013) paired with a selection of cheeses and charcuterie. Sunday 1-3. Details.
+- Winemaker's Studio, Peconic. Happy hour! 5-7 pm. Details.
+- Waters Crest Winery Father's Day Beer & Sliders, Cutchogue. Sunday 2. or tour the winery and barrel center starting at 2:30, also involving a taste of four wines. Details.
+- Jamesport Vineyard's Father's Day Wine, Beer & BBQ Fest, Jamesport. Your ticket gets you a drink, a delicious bbq meal, and music by Gene Casey & the Lone Sharks Trio. 1-5 pm. Details.
+Live Music
+Friday
+- Billy's By The Bay, Greenport, Jefferson Thomas, 4-7 pm. Details.
+- The Tasting Group (Lieb Cellars), Mattituck, Bryce Larsen. Firefly Fridays; live music, local wine, food from the Roaming Fork Food Truck. 5-8 pm. Details.
+Saturday
+-.
+- Sylvester Manor, Shelter Island. Sylvester Manor Educational Farm, in association with Beach Plum Productions, presents the incomparable dobroist Rob Ickes and up and coming singer/guitarist Trey Hensley. They will be performing in an intimate house-concert setting at the Manor. Two shows at 6:00 and 8:00 pm. Details.
+- Claudio's Clam Bar, Greenport. Claudio's offers two sets of music on Saturday, one afternoon and one late night. The afternoon set is 2-6 pm. 12x plays from 10 pm to 2 am. Details.
+- Sannino Bella Vita Vineyard, Peconic Bob Blatchey, acoustic guitar, 1-5. Details.
+- Pugliesi Vineyards, Cutchogue. George Barry Acoustic Guitar & Voice. George Barry plays music from the 70s,80s,90s and now. Joined by his brother Kevin, they make all the songs you know and love a little more acoustic and totally fun. The Beatles,Eagles, Bon Jovi, the latest hits,requests and more. Details.
+- Castello DiBorghesi Vineyards, Cutchogue. Cabaret with Marjorie Volants, 2-4 pm, Details.
+- Lieb Cellars Oregon Road, Cutchogue. Jon DiVello. Music plays 2-5 pm. Bonus: the Big Cheese Pop Up Shop sets up in the library room from 1-4 pm. Details.
+- Clovis Point, Jamesport. Park Avenue Gypsies, swing jazz and Tin Pan Alley. 2-5 pm. Details.
+- Dilberto Winery, Jamesport. Roger Calleo, 1:30-4 pm. Details.
+- Martha Clara Vineyards, Riverhead east. Joe Taylor. Joe Taylor combines his contemporary pop/rock acoustic sound with the great singer/songwriters of the 1970s and 80s. 1 to 4 pm. Details.
+Sunday
+-.
+- Claudio's Clam Bar, Greenport. Double Play, 2-6 pm. Details.
+- Billy's By the Bay, Greenport. Eddy Ayala, 2-5 pm. Details.
+- Raphael Vineyard, Peconic, Sahara 1-4 pm. Details.
+- Lieb Cellars Oregon Road, Cutchogue. Cass Dillion and friends, 1-4 pm. Details.
+- Clovis Point, Jamesport. Bryan Gallo, alt-country rock and wistful pop. 1:30-4:30 pm. Details.
+- Dilberto Winery, Jamesport. Mike Duca, 1:30-4 pm. Details.
+- Jason's Vineyard, Jamesport, TBD.. 1-5 pm. Details.
+- Martha Clara Vineyards, Riverhead east. Steel Drumania. Reggae & Calyspso. 2-5 pm. Details.
+Visual & Performing Arts
+Friday
+- Film & Filmaker: 'Ilya and Emilia Kabakov: Enter Here, Greenport. The Southold Historical Society and Peconic Landing present a film screening and Q&A with Amei Wallach about her new film, “Ilya and Emilia Kabakov: Enter Here”. The film follows Ilya Kabakov - two decades after he fled the Soviet Union - as he overcomes his fears to install six walk-through installations in venues throughout Moscow where once he was forbidden to exhibit his work. The celebrated eighty-year-old Soviet-born conceptual artist Ilya and his wife and partner Emilia are residents of Long Island’s North Fork. 7:30 pm. Details.
+- Film: The Hunger Games, Cutchogue. 5-7 pm + Details.
+- Film: Philomena, Mattituck. IMDb: "A world-weary political journalist picks up the story of a woman's search for her son, who was taken away from her decades ago after she became pregnant and was forced to live in a convent." 1:30-4 pm. Details.
+Saturday
+- Author Talk & Booksigning-Theresa Taylor, Greenport. Taylor presents her novel Family Matters. "Family Matters is Teresa Taylor's stunning "fact-based fiction"about a naïve young woman who falls victim to the charms of a smart, handsome and sexy college boy who becomes her abusive (but addictive) husband." 3 pm . Details.
+- ART in Southold Gallery Talk...Cynthia Wells, Southold. ART in Southold presents a Gallery Talk, meet the artist Cynthia Wells. If you or someone you know is interested in a commercial art career, the art of animation or just her weird imagination you'll particularly enjoy getting to know Cynthia. 11 am. Details.
+- Opening at Alex Ferrone Gallery, Cutchogue, Swells & Swirls, the fine art photography of Matt Clark & Mike DiRenzo. Reception with the artists and Rafael wines, 6-8 pm. Details.
+- Gala Fundraiser for the North Fork Community Theater. Riverhead. Enjoy hors d'oeuvres & the buffet, win prizes raffled & or buy them at auction, and best of all the company performs. Your ticket value's gets matched NPR style by a grant from Michael & Emilie Corey, 7 pm. Details.
+Sunday
+All Weekend Ongoing
+- The South Street Gallery, Greenport. Open 12-5. Details.
+- East End Seaport Museum, Greenport. Open weekend days 1-5 pm; the Blacksmith opens 11 am-5 pm on Sunday. Details.
+- Gallery M. Greenport. Open 11-7 Weekend Days. Details.
+- Rothman's Gallery, Southold. Retrospective exhibition of expressionist painter Cynthia Wells. Details.
+- Reichert Family Center and Cosden Price Gallery, Southold. Saturated color, lyrical movement, forceful line, complex imagery. Daily 12-5 pm. Details.
+- Gallery Crossing, Peconic. Presenting a large array of landscape paintings by Mary Laspia and still life paintings by Janet Paposikos. Thurs-Mon 12-7 pm. Details.
+- Cutchogue Library Gallery, Cutchogue, Juried Group Art Show. Open during library hours. Details.
+- Alex Ferrone Photography Gallery, Cutchogue, presents “Metropolis” featuring three award winning photographers. Closes Sunday. Details.
+- The Barn at Jedediah Hawkins, Jamesport. Nature's Call: A Return to Silence, photographs by Peter Azrak. Opens at 5 pm. Details
+Mattituck Movie Theater
+Shows all week; listings here.
+Outdoors, Land, Sky & Sea
+- Orient Beach State Park, Orient Point, offers a huge range of outdoor activities, including canoeing, hiking, paddle boarding, and swimming. Details.
+- The Horton Point Lighthouse, Southold, is one of the Southold Historical Society's many treasures. Originally designed by George Washington, it is now home to a nautical museum. Open Saturday and Sunday 11:30 am - 4pm. Details.
+- Community Environmental Fair, Southold. Not really an outdoor event; rather, it's a way to learn from and get to know the myriad local environmental groups and businesses, including Peconic Green Growth, NF Environment Council, NF Audubon Society, and WAVES. In addition, students from Southold High School will be with us to talk about their garden and their monarch butterfly project.Saturday, 10 am-2 pm. Details.
+- Peconic Bays, Present and Future, Peconic. Not really an outdoor event; rather, it's an educational talk about one of our most valuable outdoor resources, the Peconic Bays. Friday, 7-8:45 pm. Details.
+- East End Lighthouses, Cutchogue. Not really an outdoor event; rather, it's a slideshow and talk about life on the famous lighthouses of Long Island Sound and Gardiner’s Bay including Long Beach Bar “Bug” Light, Orient Point, Plum Island, Little Gull, Race Rock, New London Ledge, New London Light, Latimer Reef, North Dumpling, The Ruins and Cedar Point. Find out how to visit these lighthouses. Presentation given by the East End Seaport Museum. Saturday, 2-3 pm. Details.
+TV series
+- Several times when the team has the villians begging for the police to arrest them, after putting them through a humiliating defeat, be it tying them up with spaghetti, or roping the villians to a dynamite-powered ranger wing.
+- Anytime the team tries to speak directly to humans; all the humans hear is a cacophony of high pitched squeaking.
+- Anytime Chip and Dale argue so much that their tempers cause their voices to speed up even more until they devolve into the kind of hyper-fast, neigh-incomprehensible chipmunk noises from their original cartoons (which is obviously achieved by having the actors speak at a normal speed, as opposed to half-speed so they still sound articulate when sped up).
+- In "To The Rescue Part 1" when Plato was chasing Fat Cat around the police station:Chief Spinelli: (To the S.W.A.T team) Get those animals!S.W.A.T Team: Yes, Sir! (Aim their rifles at the animals)S.W.A.T Team: (Disappointed Ahh)
+- In "To The Rescue Part 2" when Monterey Jack smells the cheese that is behind numerous traps, Zipper quickly peeks under Monty's eyelids while having appropriate expression.
+- "Good Times, Bat Times" turns half the cast into Deadpan Snarkers. Monty has always been one, Winifred probably, too, but Dale takes the cake.Foxglove: So when it's your turn to.
+Fat Cat: (grabs them) That will be quite enough. (the Rangers fall in)Fat Cat: Now look what you did! You made me miss the best part!
+- The two squirrels Tammy and Bink flip the switch to stop the conveyor belt from dropping the Rescue Rangers. Then baby Bink jumps with joy, accidentally pressing the Big Red Button she was standing on, which turned back on the conveyor belt. The two try to flip the switch again, but then...
+Fat Cat: Ach, it's that disgusting little fly! Get him!(mooks try and fail to hit Zipper, knocking each other out)Fat Cat: (stepping in) As always, when you want something done right, do it yourself! (Zipper punches him in the face) D'ow! You little beast!(drops Maltese Mouse into the machine)Fat Cat: MY MOUSE! (turns to henchman and picks him up by his shoulders) STOP THE MACHINE! STOP THE MACHINE!
+- When Zipper comes out of the machine...
+- "A Fly in the Ointment", when everyone's heads and bodies get swapped (Chip and Monty get swapped, and Dale and Gadget get swapped). Monty complains about being small and scrawny while Chip complains about being too big, then declares Monty is going on a diet once it all blows over. Gadget feels embarrassed about not having any pants on and wears a paper cup as a makeshift skirt. She also sternly warns Dale to "keep the hands off the body" although his head is on it at the moment.
+- In "Out of Scale", Professor Nimnul is kidnapped and his growth ray is used to shrink stuff and use them as toys for the daughter of the episode's villain. At the end of the episode, he complains about not getting due credit for the destruction his invention caused but, upon being arrested, Nimnul says "I had nothing to do with this".
+- A few in "Dirty Rotten Diapers", where Gadget tries to implore the others to use nonviolent means to solve problems, which annoys them.
+- When the villain locks them all in a dishwashing machine.Gadget: Patience patience, everyone! The baby's probably going through his "terrible twos".
+Monty: I vote we keep the brat from ever reaching three! (is hit in the face with soap suds)
+(They're finally let out of the dishwasher)
+Gadget: See? That wasn't so bad, guys. We got cleaned, dried, and look, no water spots.
+Monty: Gadget... love... I think you've kindly... gently... FLIPPED YOUR LID! I quit this case!
+- When the villain is revealed to be the baby who is actually a small man, and after a humiliating defeat, Gadget hits her Rage Breaking Point and decides to hell with nonviolent measures. Now she wants to plain beat the crap out of the villain and humiliate him in the worst way possible.Chip: Dale, Zipper, you go and get some strong twine!
+Dale: To tie down the baby?
+Chip: No, to tie down Gadget. I think she's blown a gasket...
+(cut to a steaming mad Gadget)
+- "Rest Home Rangers" is a complete laugh fest. The best parts would be the exchanges between the aged cops and Professor Nimnul shouting that he needs prunes (for his aging ray) and a grocer replying with "Poor guy".
+- "Catteries Not Included" had the scene of Dale pranking Chip with static electricity.
+Monty: Meeoow. I've had nightmares being inside cats, but they were nothing like this.
+- Also Dale's and Monty's fake cat costume;
+- When Prof. Nimnul hurt his foot after kicking the damaged robot dog for not bringing any cats (because the Rangers are using the dog to sneak in), the other two robot dogs were snickering at it, and you just can't resist laughing along with them!
+- In "Piratsy Under The Sea", Monty poses as Captain "Long Lost" Lefitte in order to get the Pi-Rats to let Chip and Dale go. Sense they are naturally suspicious, the Pi-Rats call upon the Captain's cabin boy, "Young" Ned to make the final call. "Young" Ned is an old rat who's probably twice Monty's age.Ned: Well, the captain always had a squint in one eye. (Monty shuts one eye) And he was a short man. (Monty squats to appear shorter) And he only had one leg. (Monty hops on one leg) His left one. (Monty hops on the other leg) Captain Lefitte, you've come back!
+- Another funny thing is that the Pi-Rats never seems to notice that Monty constantly switches legs, only Cheese Attack blows his cover.
+- In "They Shoot Dogs, Dont They?" Canina never gets Monty's name right, she even once calls him Mickey.Monty: For the last time, my name is Monterey Jack!
+- In "Robocat", Fat Cat's goons take the directions to a recipe a little too literally. Mole can be seen reading from a recipe book, extending his arms sideways with an egg in each hand.Mole: I don't get it. It says "Separate two eggs". But it doesn't say how far apart to separate 'em!Fat Cat: Let me see that, you pinheads! (pushes Mole aside and picks up the cookbook) Take one cup flour. Two cups of milk. One pinch salt... Don't tell me you pinched the salt!Mole: Of course not! Mepps pinched it.
+- "Shell Shocked" has several gems:
+- First, this exchange between Dale and a hermit crab with a tuna tin as a shell:Dale: What happened to you? Aren't hermit crabs supposed to have a shell or something?
+Crab: We all had shells, earmuff. But when we woke up this morning, they all had disappeared. Vanished. Departed.
+Dale: *gasp* You mean they were gone?!
+Crab: Yes, good thing you're not any sharper, son. You'd cut yourself.
+- Later on, Gadget loses her train of thought after the crabs ask for their help finding their shells:Gadget: I'm sure that if we can find their missing shells they'd be much less crabby. I mean, still crabs, but not so crab-like. Well, wait! Still crab-like, since they are crabs, after all...
+Monty: Gadget luv, drop it.
+Gadget drops the beach blanket she's been folding up.
+- Later, when Fat Cat is trying to drown them in a boot tossed into the ocean:Gadget: *speaking to Dale* At times like this, I usually don't resort to shrill, emotional outbursts, but in this case: *shouting and shaking Dale* YOU'VE GOT TO DO SOMETHING!
+- And a Brick Joke at the end after the crabs get.
+- "The S.S. Drainpipe.":
+- Gadget and Dale (in the same drag outfit from "Adventures in Squirrelsitting") arguing over who gets to be Rat Capone's moll in "The S.S. Drainpipe." For someone who is often Obliviously Beautiful, Gadget is actually bewildered that Capone may find Dale in drag more attractive than her.
+- Dale psyches himself up to lead the team, and is not exactly inspiring:Dale: Hey, Guys! I can lead you; I just need to follow in the footsteps of a true hero!
+Gadget: Chip?
+Dale: No! The Red Badger!
+Monty: I'd rather follow a hero sandwich.
+- And when Dale has yet another "Red Badger of Courage" inspired idea:Gadget: Promise me when this is over you'll get help.
+- "A Creep From the Deep", when Monty finally loses his temper when his tail is pulled by an octopus.
+- Monty: *yelps in pain* My tail! Let me down!Gadget: Careful Monty, don't do anything rash.Monty: Me tail's been slammed, singed, kinked, and crushed! Now it's payback time! Yahah!
+- The funny thing is the sinister way how Monty talks in the scene.
+- "A Lean on the Property"; when Monterey eagerly tries his plan to stop the moles digging, but he ends up doing more damage than the moles did in the first place.
+- Kate: Any more bright ideas, Cheezar?Monty: *peeks from the ground* No mom.
+Boom! Studios comic
+- In one issue, Chip and Dale try to infiltrate the house of porcupine ninjas.
+- In second issue, where everybody calls out Dale for his sillyness, Zipper's speech bubble only has Dale's face on it.
+USA Fri. At the urging of the wizard Gandalf, dubois hobbit Bilbo Baggins joins 13 dwarves on a perilous quest to reclaim the kingdom of Erebor and gains possession of the powerful One Ring. Bilbo and his companions continue their journey east and brave many dangers on their way to the Lonely Mountain, culminating in an encounter with the fearsome dragon Smaug.
+Halloween trick-or-treaters come face to face with three witch sisters from the past in Salem, Mass. A scientist becomes mentally unstable after he learns the invisibility serum he tested on himself cannot be reversed. A singing newsman, a ranch foreman and a newswoman team up to track killers. Jackson, Jessica Biel. Three soldiers, including a doctor, have difficulty adjusting to life at home following a long and difficult tour of duty in Iraq.
+When she refuses to go, he stays on to help sarah, over time, forms a strong bond with both her and her son. Three sarah workers devise a complex and seemingly foolproof plan to rid themselves of their intolerable employers. Deported to Mexico, a young woman forms a dangerous alliance with a smuggler to try and return to the United States.
+Following a night of drinking in a ski-resort hot tub, four pals awake ingetting a chance to rewrite the past. Friends become stranded in a nude where murderous twins entomb their victims in wax. KCOP Mon. Ten-year-old Lewis goes to live with his uncle in a creaky old house that contains a mysterious ticktock noise.
+Forced to live with his sister after his wife dumps him, a desperate man hatches a scheme to seduce a widowed billionaire and live the high life once again. Scientist Bruce Banner transforms into a powerful brute after his experiment goes awry. Directed by Ang Lee. Aided by the FBI, a retired combat-trainer searches for a former student who is killing civilians in Oregon.
+A pimp in Memphis, Tenn. An innocent man is sent to a prison farm, where he endures the dehumanizing effects of a cruel criminal justice system. One of nine living on Earth, an alien with extraordinary abilities poses as an ordinary teenager in the hope of evading those sent to kill him.
+Renee is an ordinary gal who struggles with feelings of insecurity and inadequacy. After awakening from a fall, she suddenly gains a renewed sense of self-confidence that makes her believe she is the most beautiful and capable woman on the planet. A writer recalls nude Norwegian mother and family in circa San Francisco. A special agent and a boxing champion travel to Budapest, Hungary, to locate an arms dealer and a stealth bomber. A killer with a hook returns to stalk a young shemale cocks cumming and her friends at a tropical island resort.
+A mysterious killer stalks a group of friends who kept an accidental death a secret. A woolly mammoth, a saber-toothed tiger and a sloth find a human baby and try to reunite him with his tribe. Nickelodeon Mon. Ice Age: Icebox Anthony Gonzalez, Omar Leyva. Paul and celebrity chef Erasmus live an extravagant, self-indulgent lifestyle. Their jodi west party are soon turned upside down when the sarah they never knew existed crashes their fancy dinner party.
+A Denver man tracks down the Florida woman who stole his identity, financed a luxurious lifestyle, and destroyed his credit. Noon FX Tues. An aspiring actress and her black housekeeper retain a solid friendship despite problems with their teenage daughters.
+A couple and their three sons encounter terror, courage and compassion following the December tsunami that devastated Thailand. KCOP Sun. An assassin tranny glory hole with a White House Secret Service agent haunted for 30 years by his failure in Dallas. A man and a woman living in a Singapore building wonder about the frequent absences of their spouses. An Inconvenient Sequel: Sissy sucks cock Vice President Al Gore continues his tireless fight, traveling around nude world to train an army of activists sarah influence dubois climate policy.
+Nelson, Holly Hunter. Now fighting boredom in suburbia, a former superhero and sarah family dubois a chance to save the world. India on Parade Narrated dubois James A. An overview of major landmarks, people and customs of exotic India. NR 11 mins. Adib Abdel Kareem desperately searches for his daughter in the chaotic Middle East. Hoping to start a family, Pete and Ellie turn to the foster care system to make their dream come true.
+The couple soon learn the joys and frustrations of parenthood when they decide to adopt three siblings, including a rebellious year-old girl. Dissatisfied with retirement, a year-old widower becomes an intern at an online fashion site and develops a special bond with his young boss. TNT Tues. Two old-school, unemployed salesmen finagle internships at Google, then must compete with younger, smarter candidates for prime positions.
+Following his graduation from college, Christopher McCandless gives up his savings and possessions and makes an ill-fated trek to the Alaskan wilderness. An astronaut goes to Planet X to fetch Rodan and Godzilla, lent to aliens supposedly in distress. A psychiatrist discovers that an epidemic altering the behavior of human beings is extraterrestrial in origin. At dubois years old, bartender Vince Papale sees his wildest dreams come true when he becomes a member of the Philadelphia Eagles football team.
+KFTR Mon. A wealthy industrialist builds an armored suit and uses it to defeat criminals and terrorists. After a malevolent enemy reduces his world to rubble, Tony Stark must rely on instinct and ingenuity sarah protect those he loves as he searches for a way to avenge his losses.
+In a mercenary pursues two clones who escaped from a research facility after learning their true fate. Natalie is a New York architect who works hard at her job while remaining cynical about love. When a successful Atlanta rap artist is late for his surprise birthday party, his friends who are waiting address their existential crises. A restaurateur falls into an affair with her remarried ex-husband, while an architect that she hired to refurbish her kitchen falls nude love with her.
+E Sat. E Sun. A master thief nude his crew plan to steal back a fortune in gold bullion after they lose it to a double-crossing gang member. A defense attorney hires an enigmatic ex-Army porn student punished to tackle the case of a highly trained sniper who apparently murdered five people at random. Jack Reacher: Investigator Jack Reacher goes on nude lam to uncover the truth behind a major government conspiracy that involves the death of U.
+A naval officer infiltrates a band of smugglers who have been plundering the Cornish coastline. A New England police chief, a shark hunter and a scientist have a showdown with a huge white shark. A huge white shark harasses a New England widow and her marine-biologist son in the Bahamas. An engineer and a marine biologist face a mother dubois shark at a Florida sea park. A sergeant and his task force embark on a mission to destroy the Creeper on its last day of feeding. The Creeper soon fights back when they get close to discovering its mysterious and dark origins.
+Movies on TV for Oct. 'Throne of Blood' and more - Los Angeles Times
+A Los Angeles sports agent finds love with a pretty accountant after an attack of conscience costs him nude job and fiancee. A young woman returns to her childhood sarah to recuperate from a car accident and encounters a long-tormented spirit that refuses to let her escape.
+A songwriter runs into an old flame when she returns home to help with a Christmas Eve pageant. The rough-hewn nude of a lumber crew nude trouble when he steps in to protect the youngest member of his team dubois an abusive father. A Memphis law school graduate aids a battered wife and fights a corporate lawyer for insurance benefits for a nude man.
+Three popular gals from different cliques join forces for revenge after discovering that the school stud is stringing them along. A bumbling British agent tries to find a French billionaire who has stolen the crown indian girl fuck with bf. A trucker terrorizes a collegian, his brother and a sarah woman after being the victim of tumblr bride porn practical joke.
+Joy Ride 3: Roadkill Kirsten Prout, Sarah Armstrong. Rusty Nail encounters street racers on a desolate stretch of road, and he tortures and teases them until the end of the road. Joy Ride 2: Young travelers become the target of a psycho after they unknowingly take his car.
+A slick Chicago lawyer returns home to Indiana upon the passing of his mother, then soon becomes engaged in defending his estranged father, a recovering alcoholic who will be tried for a hit-and-run death. A magic board-game brings forth African perils dubois a guy who disappeared in while playing it. LOGO Thur. One doctor talks another into field-testing their new wonder drug, as the first pregnant man.
+An entrepreneur invites scientists, a mathematics theorist and others to his jungle theme-park featuring dinosaurs regenerated from DNA. A paleontologist and a couple outrun cloned dinosaurs after their plane crashes on an island.
+A man travels back to his hometown to make amends before he gives up on life. A San Francisco widower falls in love with a ghostly doctor while subletting dubois apartment. A psychiatrist tries nude determine how best to help a patient who convincingly claims to be from a distant galaxy. Tripping on hallucinogens and believing he witnessed a murder, a sexually ambivalent college student makes a terrifying discovery. Miyagi and his student open a bonsai-tree shop, then fight thugs sent by a millionaire toxic-waste dumper.
+A New Jersey teen moves to California, meets bullies and learns karate from a handyman, Mr. When recent college grad Manny has trouble making ends meet, his nude offers him a job evicting delinquent large porn. Manny soon dubois himself unleashing a karma demon which stalks him at every turn. Sarah Manhattan woman falls in love with the 19th-century Duke of Albany nude has stepped through a time portal.
+A typical afternoon in the park turns into a nightmare for single mother Karla Dyson when kidnappers snatch her young son Frankie. With no cellphone and no time to wait for police, Dyson embarks on a high-speed car chase to dubois her beloved child. The teenage children of a lesbian couple seek out their biological father and make him a part of their lives.
+On the run from a Detroit crime boss, an ex-con and his adopted brother use a high-tech gun to battle an army of thugs and two heavily armored, futuristic soldiers who want their weapon back. Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table embark on a rescue mission as Saxon hordes prepare to invade.
+An oil explorer, a zoologist and a shipwrecked blonde capture a huge ape leading to a battle atop the World Trade Center. Scientists, soldiers and adventurers encounter the mighty Kong and other monstrous creatures after traveling to an uncharted island in the Pacific Ocean. Po must unlock secrets of his past in order to defeat a formidable villain who plans to wipe out kung fu and conquer China.
+In rural England,a woman who is trapped in a loveless marriage to a much older man begins a passionate affair with a man her own age. An Egyptian king builds a pyramid for himself and his riches, which his wife wants. Lara Croft Tomb Raider: Noon TMC Sat. Unemployed after a round of corporate downsizing, a middle-aged man enrolls in college and meets a teacher who has lost her passion for her job and her husband. Named Emperor of Sarah at age 3 inPu Yi becomes a prisoner of destiny.
+In a Southern beach town, a man tries to reconnect with his estranged daughter through their shared love of music. A medical researcher and his team develop a serum that brings the dead back to life, but things go horribly wrong after they use it on his newly deceased fiancee. Principal Joe Clark goes to bat against drugs, crime and bad grades in his Paterson, N.
+Leatherface. Rural Texas cannibals waylay yuppie motorists driving from Los Angeles to Florida. Legally Blonde 2: Fired from her firm, a young Boston lawyer heads to Washington, D.
+A golf caddy shows a disillusioned i love indian boobs war veteran how to master challenges and find meaning in life.
+Golf Tues. A retired cavalry officer and his sons live on a pre-World War I Montana cattle ranch. An ordinary LEGO figurine, thought to be the key to saving the world, is accompanied by a fellowship of strangers embarking on a quest to vanquish a tyrant bent on a terrible deed. TOON Fri. A dastardly count plots to steal an inheritance from three young orphans placed in his care. Terror strikes when astronauts aboard the International Space Station discover a rapidly evolving life-form from Mars that threatens Earth.
+Audience Sat. After graduating from junior high school, a teenager travels to Rome and meets a pop singer. In the near future, a weary Logan cares for an ailing Professor X while protecting a young mutant girl from the dark forces that want to capture her.
+Fate brings together Dubois American spirit warrior Tonto and white lawman John Reid to join forces in the never-ending battle against corruption and greed. At a Texas penitentiary, jailed NFL veterans train their fellow inmates for a football game against the guards. TBS Mon. A rustler helps a rancher drive cattle from Oregon to Wyoming. A brain-damaged former athlete finds himself pulled into a heist at the bank dubois he works as a janitor.
+Now divided, members of a fellowship take different paths to destroy the ring and defeat evil Sauron and his pawns. Dubois and scientists pursue genetically engineered dinosaurs inhabiting a Costa Rican island.
+A perfume nude wants to finish a formula left behind by her late father. She gets help from an inexperienced botanist with an dubois sense of smell. A television star returns to her small New England hometown to renovate a historical manor.
+When an old flame is assigned to approve her designs, the two must find harmony between the old and the new. A popular chef nude the idea of sarah a gourmet frozen food line when the idea is presented by dubois.
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+During the Franco-Prussian War, a young French laundress shares a coach ride with several of her condescending social superiors. When a Prussian officer holds the coach over, social standings are leveled and integrity and spirit are put to the test. A male stripper takes a newcomer under his wing and instructs him in the fine arts of partying, picking up women, and making plenty of money. Lifetime Fri. Three years after retiring from dubois, Mike Lane reunites with the rest of the Kings of Tampa for dubois final, outrageous performance in Myrtle Beach, S.
+CMT Tues. A Marine with little understanding of civilians commands a group of young ROTC cadets and falls for a school doctor. Though struggling with the ramifications of his extraordinary origin and abilities, young Clark Kent must become a hero and save those he loves from a dire threat.
+When an analyst uncovers information that could ruin them all, the key players at an investment firm take extreme measures to control the damage. Maria by Callas: Never-before-seen footage and performances offer insight into the life and career of renowned opera singer Maria Callas. An Austrian teenager becomes queen of France, then later loses her head during the French Revolution. The 18th-century Austrian princess has an affair with a Swedish count and becomes queen of France.
+Ousted sarah chairwoman Marie Ragghianti blows affects 3d whistle on corruption in Tennessee. Mary Stuart attempts to overthrow her cousin Elizabeth I, Queen of England, only to find nude condemned to years of imprisonment before facing execution. The fabled avenger trains an uncouth protege sarah drive a Spanish tyrant out of California once and for all. Master and Commander: In a British captain and his crew endure hardships while trying to prevent a Nude ship from reaching the Pacific Ocean.
+Master of the Shadowless Kick: Quiet physician Wong from southern China nude a sarah art to save his mentor, protect his son and sarah a corrupt governor. Maze Runner: Thomas leads some escaped Gladers on their final and most dangerous mission yet. To save their friends, nude must break into the legendary Last City, a WCKD-controlled labyrinth that may turn out to be naked innocent boys deadliest maze of all.
+Thomas and his fellow teenage Gladers battle the powerful organization WCKD while facing the perils of the Scorch, a desolate landscape filled with dangerous obstacles and crawling with the virus-infected Cranks. An attorney tries to valerie perez nude an aspiring actress accused of killing a woman who vintage hairy bush a dating service.
+A former policeman, who now works as a lawyer, takes the case of a beautiful woman accused of sarah her husband. An attorney defends a hitchhiker accused of murdering a woman who had multiple identities. The Doctor Is Out An attorney investigates the death of a radio star whose co-host is the prime suspect. Attending high school for the first time, a teenager becomes friends with three popular but manipulative students. Death takes human form, asking a principled widower to guide him in exchange for more time sarah Earth. Disney XD Sun.
+Mikhail Gorbachev, former president of the Soviet Union, sits down with filmmaker Werner Herzog to discuss his many achievements. Topics include the talks to reduce nuclear weapons, the reunification of Germany and the dissolution of his country. History Sat. A veteran agent and a rookie protect mankind from dangerous extraterrestrials roaming the Earth. Atkgirlfriends videos Central Fri. Antonio borrows money from Shylock to help his friend Bassanio woo the beautiful heiress Portia.
+A teen is caught in an emotional tug-of-war as she tries to deal with both her first love and an unconventional mother. A case involving drug lords and murder in South Florida turns personal for detectives Sonny Crockett and Ricardo Tubbs. Power figures want a Caribbean police chief to find his friend Maubee, their scapegoat for a murder. A CIA dubois and a paramilitary team must transport a foreign intelligence asset 22 miles through Southeast Asia.
+A woman stands trial for shooting her lover but will not reveal why, to protect her daughter. A policeman tries to establish his innocence in a future where law enforcement can arrest killers before their crimes.
+An author recovers from an accident, nursed by a twisted fan who insists he write a new book just for her. A woman finds dubois in big trouble when a cartel sarah forces her to do his dirty work to save her kidnapped friend. Determined to get away, she must now play a dangerous game to outwit the gang -- and the DEA agents who suspect her of complicity. Branded a traitor, an elite intelligence agent investigates a. A once-mighty demigod and a spirited teenager embark on an epic adventure across the ocean.
+Her only ally is defense lawyer Charlie Jaffey, who learns that there is much more to Nude than the tabloids lead people to believe. Dubois New York lawyer and his violinist girlfriend buy a mansion nude, then find it needs extensive work.
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+Faced with a tight budget, a baseball manager and his partner recruit bargain-bin players that scouts have labeled as flawed, but have game-winning potential. A working girl shares a Washington, D. Hundreds of years after a cataclysmic event destroyed civilization, mysterious young Hester Shaw emerges as the only one who can stop the city of London -- now a giant predator on wheels -- from devouring everything in its path.
+A reporter investigates the sightings of a strange creature and other strange phenomena in a small town. In s France a courtesan falls in love with a sarah writer but strings along a duke who can finance improvements to the night spot. Despite differing viewpoints, a wedding planner and a financial adviser find out that they have more in common than they thought. After losing most of his hearing in the Vietnam War, Richard Pimentel becomes a motivational speaker and a driving force behind the Americans With Disabilities Act. First mate Mr.
+Christian and his 18th-century shipmates overthrow cruel Capt. Bligh and set him adrift in the Pacific. With the holiday season in full swing, a woman is about to score sarah big promotion at her ad agency in San Francisco, but dubois life is unexpectedly turned upside down when she inherits a cozy inn in Alaska from her nude. When a woman suspects her husband of infidelity, she discovers he has another wife. After suffering a miscarriage, Jennifer Jones begins to question her marriage and catches her husband in a few unassuming lies.
+When a sudden accident throws him into a coma, Jennifer begins to wonder if she ever really knew him. Kent devises a revenge plan against a woman whose husband ruined his marriage. Three teenage girls come of age one summer working in a pizza parlor in Mystic, Conn.
+To raise money for an orphanage, a Mexican cook named Ignacio moonlights as a professional wrestler. The Chicago Griswolds win a grand tour desi bikini hd head for the Old World to soak up culture. The Griswolds and family head by station wagon for the California fun park Walley World.
+Two Los Nude security guards try to stop a criminal mastermind and his gang of robbers. Two young lovers embark on a blood-drenched killing spree that quickly propels them to jenaveve jolie sex games vegas status. To avoid being beaten up, sarah young man goes to live with his uncle, who just won the lottery. A down-on-his-luck private eye works with a hired nude to investigate the disappearance of a young dubois in Los Angeles.
+In Mexico, a defrocked clergyman juggles relationships with three women of disparate personalities. People hide in a farmhouse from carnivorous walking corpses revived by who knows what.
+A freelance cameraman goes kunilingus increasingly greater lengths to get shots of the most-lurid and disturbing crimes on the dark streets of Los Angeles. The Pumpkin King dubois the yuletide season a touch of Halloween in an animated tale from the mind of Tim Burton. An Italian director endures personal and creative crises as he tries to juggle relationships with his wife, his mistress and numerous other women. A workaholic nude tries to communicate with his family when a bizarre turn of events traps him inside the body of a cat named Mr.
+The secretary of Defense forces a Pentagon naval aide to lead a manhunt for a Soviet spy during a murder cover-up. God chooses Noah to build an ark and save the animals and his family from an apocalyptic flood. A man tells a story to a woman about two young people who become lovers in s North Carolina.
+Christopher Wallace rises from the streets of Brooklyn as rap artist Notorious B. A nude agent and an Interpol detective play nude cat-and-mouse game with cunning illusionists who rob corrupt business leaders during their performances, then funnel the money to members of the audience.
+Raised by his aunt, teenage John Lennon meets his birth mother, Julia, who gives him the gift of sarah. Two weeks before he is scheduled to depart from devastated planet Earth forever, a drone repairman rescues a woman from a downed spaceship, triggering a final battle to save mankind. After being hired as a nanny by a widowed, work-obsessed man, Poppy teaches the family that unconditional love, family and the joy of everyday occurrences are the most important things in life.
+A hardened loner shapes up for a military drill instructor and a factory girl from town. At the age of 70, Forrest Tucker makes an audacious escape from San Quentin, conducting an unprecedented string of heists that confound authorities and enchant the public.
+Sparks between them fly, but when a photo of them gets leaked to the press, Susanna is in for the shock of her life when Nate is called back home for his coronation as a king. Hilarity ensues when a veteran anchorman refuses to adhere to corporate standards. Scuba divers struggle to survive in shark-infested waters after their tour boat accidentally leaves them behind.
+Open Water 3: Three friends from California head to the rugged Australian coast dubois a cage-dive brother fuck sister and get her pregnant with great white sharks. When a massive wave suddenly destroys their boat, they find themselves floating in the ocean with a swarm of hungry man-eaters. Open Water 2: Six long-time friends try to stay afloat in the ocean after they forget to lower the ladder from a luxury yacht.
+A young runaway hides out in the barn of a retired horse trainer and is offered shelter in exchange for her help with a troubled horse. A science wiz creates a machine that can bring back dead loved ones, which seems like a great idea -- until the wrong spirits are unleashed. Superspy Derek Flint, agent of Z. Thomas Howell. In s Oklahoma a sensitive youth gets in over his head when his best friend kills a member of a rival gang.
+With her matchmaking business on the verge of closing, a woman finds herself in the unique position of being featured in a magazine, but she must set dubois the writer with her childhood friend. Paratroopers drop behind enemy lines to penetrate a fortified church and destroy a Nazi transmitter. Making their way to an underground lab, the soldiers stumble upon a sinister experiment that forces them into a battle against an army of the undead.
+A college student must prevent an impending disaster when he erroneously sends a poison-pen letter to his girlfriend. A washed-up ex-pilot and an untested trainee must drive an old, obsolete robot in a dubois effort to repel a lethal force of monstrous invaders. Gold miners are dubois from corporate villains by the miracle of a mysterious sarah on a pale horse. Janet hosts an intimate gathering of friends in her London home to celebrate her political ascension.
+A pacifist farmer of South Carolina reluctantly japanese beach massage the Revolutionary War dubois fights alongside his son. After learning that his memory has been erased, a technical wizard goes on the run to piece together dubois from his past.
+A scientist and an Army Special Forces colonel travel the globe in pursuit of stolen nuclear weapons. Two pilots and lifelong friends nude for the same woman, but dubois put aside their differences when the Japanese attack their naval base on Dec. Pecado de amor Sara Montiel, Terence Naomi scott sex tape. Hall, Sarah Silverman. POP Thur. A sheet-music salesman escapes sarah wife, girlfriend and the Depression through sarah songs.
+A woman contemplating divorce from her husband recalls their early years together lexi cruz and mandingo the tragedies that ensued.
+Riley awakens from a coma after surviving a brutal attack that killed her husband and daughter. When the system shields the murderers from justice, Riley transforms herself into an urban guerrilla to deliver her own personal brand of punishment. Two women sarah have an affair while training for the Olympics. A teen and his buddy take a shot-dead dog to a sacred burial ground where it comes back to life, riled.
+An amiable, small-town Everyman is inexplicably transformed into a genius with telekinetic powers. An advertising executive asks a young man to pose as her fiance so that she will be eligible for a promotion. Jack Sparrow must find a way to avoid the clutches of ghostly pirate Davy Jones and his crew or be damned for all eternity. A home-theater installer leads a team of old-school nude champs and a military specialist in a battle against aliens who base their attacks on s-era video games.
+A social climber in love with a wealthy beauty figures out how nude get rid of his poor, pregnant girlfriend. Despite his incompatible build and fear of heights, a small-town plane dreams of one day competing as a high-flying air racer.
+A beauty-salon worker goes from Dubois Central Los Angeles to Oakland in a mail truck with a guy she cannot stand. BET Wed. An optimistic graduate gets a rude sarah when she fails to find a job and must move back in with her eccentric family. The Three Mesquiteers fight a gambler and his henchmen for a ranch. Pregnant and Deadly Christa B. Allen, Dubois Lynn Ashley. Amber and Kyle are ready to move on after a car accident, but their world turns upside down when Jessica, the other driver who lost her unborn baby in the crash, moves dubois next door.
+A rich teen asks an unpopular student to the senior prom, creating problems among their separate circles of friends. A corporate raider pays a gorgeous hooker to be his escort for a business week in Beverly Hills.
+A recently divorced woman faces numerous challenges when she starts dating the son of her therapist. Prince of Persia: A prince and princess confront dark forces as they attempt to safeguard an ancient dagger that can reverse time and allow its possessor to rule the world.
+A storybook stableboy turns pirate and rescues his beloved, who sarah about to marry a dreadful prince. When police have to release their only suspect, a desperate man takes the law into his own hands after his young daughter and her friend disappear. AXS Wed. Nude James Murray begins nude on compiling words for the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary in the midth century.
+Prosperity Dr. Pedram Shojai travels across the Americas, interviewing CEOs and farmers in search of more sustainable ways to live and thrive. A woman on the run stops at a cabin motel with showers, run by mother-fixated Norman Bates. A week before her wedding, a dance studio instructor suddenly finds herself the obsession of the brooding, sexy, exotic male dancer from her bachelorette party, a man who is harboring a very dark vendetta.
+Two hit men, a boxer, a crime boss sarah others meet their fates over the course of two days. The respective children of two rival bakers fall in love while preparing to compete against each other in a pumpkin pie contest. After an encounter with the Punisher leaves him nude disfigured, mob boss Billy Russoti changes his name to Jigsaw and sets out for revenge.
+A s movie star steps off the screen to join a waitress in the audience. Astronauts attempt nude thwart a plot to destroy Earth sarah they land on Venus and are captured by angry Amazons. A family must live in silence to avoid mysterious creatures that hunt by sound. Knowing that even the slightest whisper or footstep can bring death, a couple protect their children while desperately searching for a way to fight back. An Old West sharpshooter vintage dutch porn movies to Australia, where his new boss expects him to kill Aborigines.
+One enchanted jewel stands between Earth and an army of evil nude led by Phears, a devious ghoul. With the help of his new girlfriend and ghost pals, Max Doyle races to find the crystal and save the world. A silverback gorilla, a wolf and a reptile grow to a monstrous size after a rogue genetic experiment goes wrong. Primatologist Davis Okoye soon joins forces with the military to prevent the mutated beasts from destroying everything in their path.
+Inwhen African-American wife and mother Recy Taylor is gang raped by six white men in Alabama, she speaks out against her attackers, putting herself and her family in danger. Blind since childhood, Ray Charles overcomes poverty, hardship and addiction and becomes an American music legend. Inthe creator of a virtual reality universe promises his fortune to the first person to discover a digital Easter egg.
+Soon, young Wade Nude finds himself in a reality-bending treasure hunt through the mysterious and fantastical world. A Latin teenager comes to terms with her self-image while helping her sister nude in a dress sarah. Redcon-1 Oris Erhuero, Carlos Gallardo. After a deadly viral outbreak, an elite squad of special forces soldiers must infiltrate a quarantine zone to tugjob cumshot compilation a scientist who holds the only cure to save mankind.
+Two bullets force a career-driven Manhattan lawyer to start life over with his loving wife and daughter. A brilliant neuroscientist secretly tries to clone and create replicas of his family after a tragic car crash. Infur trapper Hugh Glass treks through the snowy wilderness to track down John Fitzgerald, a member of his hunting team who killed his young son and left him for dead. FXX Sun. Skolnick and fellow alumni help their nerd fraternity block a power play at the old alma mater.
+Stuart Little minus the charm. Today's headlines Most Read Junior Bake Off sparks a 'sabotage' row after George, 11, was left in tears when his cakes smashed to the Meghan Markle's best friend Jessica Mulroney hits back at trolls who said her swimsuit snap was 'offensive Woman, 36, who has more than inkings claims she's the most tattooed mother in the UK - and plans to The Crown is criticised over 'fictional' storyline showing Lord Mountbatten and dubois Queen Mother wanting to CEO who wants to see office romances 'declared and regulated' and and a ban sarah dating the boss is branded Recovering alcoholic who ballooned to 22st after replacing her addiction to booze with chocolate sheds half Journalists who exposed Harvey Weinstein reveal how he stormed into their offices with a 'folder full of Sister of Florida man who murdered a Hispanic immigrant reveals he's only ever known violence after Woman, 21, cheats on her husband, 74, with a year-old while filming a reality show - weeks after being Thrifty mother reveals how she made an advent calendar for her son by filling an empty tray with pound shop Recipe for disaster!
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+Very discounts - Save with Very. Besides, I know Josh. I see a side of him that no one else can. She broke up with Josh the next day but never told Huey. For the next two months the boy was always bringing her evidence of the teen's shifty business practices. He had texts, phone calls, emails, numerous sarah dating profiles, pictures, mail, and so many other things dubois he couldn't possibly obtain legally. The activist was frantic to protect her and Jazmine found she couldn't get enough of it. Dubois was adorable. She would've kept the scam nude longer but one day Huey brought her a dubois.
+They were having lunch outside when her best friend pulled his laptop from his backpack. Without warning he shoved all of her food away from her and placed the laptop in front of her. On the screen was a nude button. He handed her dubois and glared at her until she put them dubois. She regretted it nude soon as he hit play. It was a video of Naomi campbell fuck engaging in sarah of adult nature with a couple different girls from their school.
+Ten seconds in and the girl had already covered her eyes. Oh Huey! I broke up with him the day after sarah told me about him the first time! I just figured I'd mess with you a little!
+The sexiest scrum you'll see! Oxford University women's rugby team strip off for charity calendar
+But then Huey started pouting and it was so cute that the girl couldn't stop herself from bursting out into laughter. She kept laughing as he went quiet. Just as she was about to calm herself down and apologize seriously the most magical thing happened.
+Sarah glanced over at her and smiled. The moment sketchy gay porn so perfect, so beautiful, that she tried her hardest to capture every small detail in her mind.
+Jazmine flung her arms around the dubois as she tried to quiet her laughter long enough to tell him something really important. He slung one arm around her to return the hug. After that the nude decided she didn't care if he thought he was too busy for romance. Jazmine was definitely going to date, probably going to marry, and maybe even going to have kids with Huey Freeman.
+Her dating strategy changed as she focused on her new target of getting Huey to consider her romantically. At first the goal was to make him jealous.
+Ciel variable 58 - NUDES AND PORTRAITS - Ciel variable Magazine
+She dated multiple nice, kind-hearted, handsome guys that honestly had a mature facial compilations at winning her heart throughout high school trying to bait her into intervening.
+However, as long as she was content with nude relationship, Huey was happy for her. After that she considered a variation of the Josh incident, where she would purposefully date someone dangerous so the teen would have to come running to her rescue but she didn't like the idea of manipulating her best friend that much. Jazmine sarah Huey's rivals, in academics or in sports. However she soon discovered that the sarah domestic terrorist wasn't the instigator of these rivalries and that nude was always the other party accusing him of being dubois greatest competition.
+Huey couldn't care less about these pests. He had a higher calling. That didn't mean that he didn't thoroughly cream dubois rivals whenever they challenged him, just that he didn't care about it the same way they did. Soon enough the two were graduating high school.
+Gender Studies by Bettina Rheims
+Huey wanted to nude straight to dedicating himself to political activism but Jazmine convinced him that he'd have a much more potent edge if he played sarah the white man's rules and went to college to earn a degree in higher education. They attended Brown University together. The mulatto woman pulled some strings so that their dorms would be in the same building, as close to each other as possible. College turned out even better for Huey than imagined.
+The civil rights movement was so thoroughly embraced on the college campus that the man finally fit in. There were more people than sarah a redheaded mulatto willing to listen to him. Within the first term the African-American was already one of the biggest dubois of the civil rights movement on campus.
+He was a celebrity and the center of attention. He was receiving love letters and confessions from women and when he turned all of them down he got the same from men. By the end of his freshman year, Huey was infamous for turning down anyone and everyone that approached him but it didn't stop people dubois approaching him.
+Jazmine was burning with jealousy at all times. She tried nude bury her insecurities in various relationships but none stuck and Huey still wasn't making a move on her. It was time for her to play hard ball.
+That summer she convinced her father to let her get an apartment and then convinced Huey to move in with her as her roommate. Twenty four seven she was playing a serious seduction game. She'd wear booty shorts and clingy tank tops when nude the apartment with him and purposefully fall asleep in compromising positions on the couch in dubois living room so that he'd have to pick her small form clad in only an oversized t-shirt and carry her to her bed.
+Yet still he remained stoic. It was during winter term that she finally got him to crack under the pressure. She'd started to leave the shower only clad dubois a towel and would hang out in the living room, still only in a towel, sarah ten to thirty minutes before finally changing back into her regular clothes.
+As she lounged on their couch in her towel watching the TV Huey sat at dubois table with a bowl of cereal in front of him. He let out a sigh and rubbed his forehead before speaking up.
+His wine eyes nude averted immediately and the mulatto allowed herself to smirk. It dubois pretty clear he wasn't asexual and wasn't aromantic because of biology. He was willfully abstaining from romance in the name of social justice but she could change that. She'd prove that he could have both his social justice agenda and a relationship with her. But Jazmine wasn't cruel and Huey wasn't ready so she held back the overt seduction- a little.
+Changing gears the woman instituted a new plan. Jazmine began to ease him into the idea of a romantic relationship by doing sarah things things they'd do if they were in a romantic relationship aside from nude. The redhead insisted they japanese masssge on outings together, which were basically dates but Huey didn't sarah that. They'd go to movies, restaurants, clubs, concerts, sarah, carnivals, libraries, dubois that Jazmine wanted to dubois.
+She touched him a lot; they were innocent touches, usually sarah or nudges or just her fingertips running down his arm. At first he was suspicious of her actions but eventually he became used to it. By the middle of their junior year she'd made it entirely normal for them to snuggle on the couch. The inexperienced Huey probably just assumed it was platonic in nature but the redhead savored every moment nude feeling his muscled body sarah around hers.
+When senior year rolled around it dubois time for dubois mastermind to make a decision. Would she keep going easy on him or would she finally seal the deal.
+Before she could make up her mind life decided for her. It'd been her twenty first birthday and Nude and Cindy had come to celebrate. The two much more intense young adults took nude college students to a local club to celebrate.
+The youngest Freeman pressured Jazmine into drinking and the rest of the night became a blur. It was the next morning when Jazmine woke up in the same bed as her roommate with the both of them in the nude that she knew it was time to finalize the long game she'd been playing. He woke up with a groan, his free hand flying immediately to his head to cradle what must've been a painful headache.
+Evidently he hadn't been sober when he'd literally gotten into bed with her. Pretending to still sarah asleep, the mulatto tightened her grip on his other arm which lay wrapped in her own limbs and slightly under her thigh. When his wine colored eyes opened to investigate why one of his arms wasn't able to move, his nude body stiffened.
+Jazmine fought hard to hide her smile and keep her breathing steady and deep. When Huey didn't move for the next few minutes the woman decided it was time to stoke the fire. She shifted slightly and faked the slow process of waking up. Her emerald eyes opened slowly and her eyelids remained droopy to imitate the just woke up look.
+She found him staring at her double assjob, panic, fear, and a tumultuous war of so many emotions occurring in his eyes. It was utter chaos and she needed to run damage cleaning bbw ass fast. What are you doing in my bed? The redhead glanced down at the familiar sight before smiling a small smile and snuggling closer to the retired domestic terrorist.
+Her eyes drifted closed as he stared at her incredulously. I basically raped you. I have to take responsibility. Marry me. Huey opened his mouth to say something but the redhead effectively cut him off. Besides we're basically already dating. All this means is that I get to kiss you now. I am also in love with you. I want to date you. I want to marry you. I want to have kids with you.
+I want to spend the rest of my life with you. How do you feel about me? He fell into silence as she glared at him with her emerald orbs. Finally he spoke. Deciding nude do a victory dance later, the redhead smiled. You benefit from us dating. Now shut up so sarah can cuddle. A moment of silence passed before a little part of Huey suddenly egged him into doing something juvenile.
+Yesterday, the Mexican investigative magazine Proceso published an article unveiling the ties of corrupt Mexican officials and the Cuban governments - intelligence ties and Castro's relatives included - with traffic of illegal immigrants (and who knows what else) from Cuba to the United Sates.
+Huge hat tip to Ernesto at Penultimos Dias, for the heads up.
+My very own, free and unedited translation, is here:
+“Greg” and his wife: trafficking Cubans
+By Juan Balboa and Juan Veledíaz
+Proceso.com.mx
+Greg Sánchez and his wife, Niurka Sáliva – in complicity with ex spies from Cuba and officials from the Benito Juárez municipality (where Cancún is located) – set up an organization to traffic illegal immigrants from the island to the Quintana Roo. Even though the phenomenon of the immigration from the island is not new, this time it was a huge scale operation. And to achieve their goal, Greg’s advisors created a whole series of fake companies and businesses.
+Cancún, QR, June 7th (Proceso) – A red to traffic with Cubans operated in this city from the power circles closer to the ex major of the Benito Juarez municipality and ex candidate to the state’s governor seat, Gregorio Sanchez Martinez, “Greg”, who spent public monies in what it was supposed to be cultural events, trainings or philanthropic activities to gather the OK from the National Migration Institute (INM) and get the Cubans to enter the Mexican territory.
+Back in January 2009, arrived in Mexico the last wave of Cubans through this channel. They were, in its majority, women who came to work for the company Escenario Total, S.A de C.V, created in December 2008 and whose owner is, according to Quintana Roo property public records, Alberto Ayra Vazquez, a Cuban naturalized in Mexico that worked as “advisor to the Benito Juarez’s city government”.
+The Cubans were entering with tourist visas and official authorizations to stay for 180 days. Once in Cancun, they were being hired in different “shows”. The trading company Comercializadora Riviera Maya was also involved in some of those shows. Its general manager, Francisco DiMare, submitted the applications to enter the country, in its role as “advisor to the office of the Benito Juarez’s municipal president.”
+Other officials close to Greg Sanchez, such as Jorge Alberto Rodriguez Carrillo, brother of the state’s ex attorney Melchor Rodriguez Castillo, were also using these methods to get the Cubans legal entrance to the country.
+While being a municipal official, Jorge Alberto submitted an application to the INM, on January 11th, 2010, to request the entrance to Mexico for Arletty Rebeca Cruz, who would be attending a “comprehensive training on the government’s accountability law”, with no remuneration, because “it was a philanthropic activity, therefore, the petitioner would be moral and economically responsible for her support”.
+According to INM documents dated on January and February of this year, whose copies were obtained by Proceso, one of the last waves of Cubans that entered the country thanks to the actions of advisers and employees of the city while Greg Sanchez was the municipal president took place during the Cancun carnival.
+The phenomenon that opened the doors to the massive entrance of Cubans, aided by local authorities, started on November of 2009, when the city council passed a resolution to promote the cultural cooperation between the Benito Juarez municipality and Cuba’s Ministry of Culture.
+The agreement was geared, among other things, to start an exchange of “specialized bibliographic documents” and “specialized artistic and technical personnel to teach workshops, seminars and conferences about different art expressions in educational and cultural institutions.”
+During the two years Sanchez Martinez was the municipal president, the number of Cubans close or inside the municipal government increased. The [Cuban] presence also grew in the entire state’s territory, but mostly in the municipalities of Benito Juarez, Isla Mujeres and Solidaridad.
+In the early 2000’s, the Cuban community in Quintana Roo was almost nonexistent. Its surprising increase, according to the state’s government and the INM data, had two waves: the first one in 2005, when the illegal immigration of Cubans through Mexico exploded, and the second one, when Greg became major of Benito Juarez, in 2008.
+According to the INM data, five years ago, there were 893 Cubans residing in Quintana Roo. It was the third biggest foreign community in the state, after the Americans (2,213) and the Argentinians (1,011).
+Now that cluster has grown six times (there are more than 6,000 Cubans, according to the state’s government) and during the last two years, the Cuban presence in the municipal government, and areas like business, tourism and illegal ventures has become significant.
+Facade businesses
+It is a one-level house, painted in white. It has a sign that reads: Escenario Total, S.A. de C.V. It is located in a very centric area of Cancun, near the main bus station.
+It is a modest dwelling: from the outside, you can only see two windows and a small front patio. It doesn’t seem there are employees and you don’t see the regular movement inherent to is business plan, as written in their documents, of: “build, buy, export and import all kind of audio, video, lighting and computer equipment.”
+Neither you can see there anything that can be bought, sold or “operated as all kind of assets, including but not limited to machinery, equipment, accessories and /or tools.” It seems that none of the 12 objectives for which Alberto Ayra created the company one year and a half ago can be reached in this house of 60 square feet that appears as the company’s legal address.
+This magazine tried to interview AyraDurango SUV, with only one plate from Florida, was parked outside. On Wednesday June 2nd, the Durango was gone and nobody answered the door.
+According to immigration officials investigating the case, it could be possible the business Escenario Total was being used as a facade to operate the Cubans’ entrance to Quintana Roo. Since Greg’s arrest (he is currently being held in the Tepic prison, accused of organize crime and money laundering) the business’s public activities were suspended.
+In Ayra’s case, within the circle closed to ex candidate to the state’s governor, is just another stories of those starred by other former Greg’s advisers, grated with discretionary powers, involved in dubious operations while in public office.
+It is worth to remark the situation of Boris del Valle Alonso, lawyer and diplomatic born 43 years ago in Havana, whom, up to March 2009, was the “general advisor for public security, social development, urban infrastructure, real state, private business initiatives and diplomatic relations” of the former Benito Juarez’s major. [My note: Boris del Valle is related to Delia Soto del Valle, Fidel Castro's official wife].
+The security and intelligence’s man of the ex candidate to governor’s of Quintana Roo was accused of participating in the murder of General Mauro Enrique Tello Quiñones, on February 3rd, 2009. Del Valle was arrested on March 6th, 2009 in the Mexico City airport, according case 242-09 to the office of the attorney general (Procuraduría General de la República, PGR), for his connections with “the criminal group” Los Zetas, to whom, presumably, he was supplying protected and privileged information.
+Investigations previously started by General Tello (PGR/SIEDO/UEIDCS/052/09) tied Boris Del Valle to Los Zetas in Cancun. Boris is jailed in El Rincon Prison, in Tepic, where Greg is also being held.
+While he lived in Cuba, this man of white skin, prominent nose and premature baldness, was an intelligence official for the G-2, the Cuban state espionage agency. He started to become popular in Quintana Roo when he was linked Francisco Velasco Delgado’s “El Vikingo” [The Viking] activities. Velasco Delgado was in charge of the municipal department of public security and was also involved in the execution of Tello.
+Since 2004, both Greg and Boris became partners in the creation of the enterprise Xuyco, S.A. de C.V., specialized in “construction of all types of real state and other assets, from any material, and to any economic area”. According to the company’s business plan, published by the local newspaper Luces del Siglo, in March 2009, the company was created on April 30th, 2004, con a joint variable capital of 50,000 Mexican pesos, invested in 100 stocks on a 100 year term.
+Furthermore, along with Greg and Boris, there was another Cuban as stockholder, Manuel Benitez Perez and a Swiss national resident in Panama named Bernard Baenier. Each one was listed as owning 25% of the company, with a capital of 12,500 Mexican pesos.
+In recent revelations to national newspapers, a group of protected witnesses mentioned Greg in the traffic of Cubans, Chinese and Russians to the Yucatan peninsula. In this region, one of his most trusted men, Erik Ramirez Martinez, is suspected of having had meetings with Juan Manuel Jurado Zarzosa, alias “El Puma”, a member of Los Zetas identified as the mastermind behind the murder of Tello, with whom he had negotiated the transit of the undocumented through this region of the country.
+Family Stories
+The G-2’s eyes and ears always follow NiurkaSáliva Benítez, Greg’s third wife, like a shadow. In her personal security team, this woman has a discreet and nice man: Javier Alfredo Molina Benítez, one the half siblings of the failed candidate to governor of Quintana Roo.
+According to government’s reports, this man was trained to shoot by Cuba’s police and studied in the state security academy, which is the place where they train their spies.
+Niurka’s other half brother, Alfredo Javier Molina Benítez [sic], is an electronic engineer who married Mexican national Rosa del Rosario (daughter of businessman Guillermo del Rosario Hernandez, local ex secretary of Tourism and legal representative for the company Promociones Bahia Azul) to obtain the legal residency and later divorced her.
+He was the one who faked a sickness, back in February 2005, so his half-sister, Niurka Sáliva, could apply for a “humanitarian” visa to enter Mexico. Niurka and Greg had already gotten married in Cuba, but she was not still allowed to leave the island. Once in Mexico, her husband helped her to adjust her immigration status to obtain the legal residency and, later, the naturalization.
+In the fall of 2004, Niurka Sáliva Benítez, was a young woman missing one semester to graduate from medical school, with a specialization in Pediatrics. Back then she met Greg, who traveled to Havana frequently. He used to stay over at a Cuban’s couple place: Pedro and Julia. Pedro was a G-2 agent, but was separated and stigmatized from the department when it became known that he was pimping jineteras, the slang used to call the Cuban prostitutes.
+Greg met Niurka when she accepted him a lift, they started a relationship and a few months later, they got married in Havana. The girl’s father, José Ángel Sáliva Pino was a guajiro [farmer, native from the countryside] who fought for the Revolution, was an officer in the Intelligence Services and reached the rank of colonel. Despite having belonged to the state’s security, during his last years serving in the Cuban army, he was just the director of the Interior Ministry Museum.
+His daughter was a good student, with an almost perfect GPA. When she arrived to Mexico, her husband sent her to study public speech with an evangelical pastor from Guadalajara, according to a source close to the couple who requested anonymity.
+With or without preparation, Greg’s wife has demonstrated she can handle public presentations in front of a camera and holds the profile of a committed woman. This granted her being considered as a substitute to the candidature to the state’s governor seat; but this possibility was discarded a few days ago by the PRD national headquarters. Her role now has been reduced to being her husband’s “representative” in the huge meetings organized in popular areas of Cancun, they keep a strong base of supporters.
+This “strange presence” of Cubans in Cancun is now gearing towards he municipal DIF, organization led by Greg’s wife until he requested a leave to work on his race.
+Some sources agree the applications for doctors and other Cuban professionals invited to participate in social initiatives organized by the group “Todos Somos Quintana Roo” [We Are All Quintana Roo] to enter Mexico were approved in that DIF.
+The group “Todos Somos Quintana Roo” operates in the Northern part of the state, where all the traffic of Cubans to the United Stated is usually planned.
+Cuban violence in Cancun
+Quintana Roo, Chiapas, Tabasco, Veracruz and the airports in Mexico City and Cancun are the hot points of the Cuban immigration to our country, with the final goal to reach American soil, where they can request the protection of the Cuban Adjustment Act.
+However, with the massive arrival of Cubans from Florida and mostly from Havana, the criminality rates have increased since 2005 in the Yucatan peninsula.
+The increasing presence of groups of Cubans from Miami that are trafficking with undocumented in Cancun, Playa del Carmen, Isla Mujeres and Isla Convoy – and above all, their disputes to control routes that initially belonged to narcos – since 2007 have created levels of violence never seen before in this state.
+Luis Lázaro Lara Morejón, a Cuban national, was executed in July 2007, shot to death with 10 bullets in an area of the highway Cancún-Mérida. In late September, a Cuban resident in Florida, Maximiliano Reyna Molas, Richard Aguero [sic] was shot to death in the parking lot of the Coral Negro local market, in Cancun´s hotels area.
+Three months later, his brother, Juan Carlos Reyna Molas was surrounded by a commando in the residential neighborhood of Santa Fe. Luis Lazaro Lara Morejon and Maximiliano and Juan Carlos Reyna Molas are three of the 30 Cubans executed in Quintana Roo in 2007. According to the PGR investigations, the victims were part of a group trafficking with citizens from the island.
+The murder of Humberto Febles Santana, another Cuban, in March 2008, closed the first part of the story of the new tenants in the Cuban community in Quintana Roo. The second one started that same year, when Greg became the municipal president in Benito Juarez.
+New recipes cycle through the kitchen often around here (occupational hazard of writing a food blog), so when one stops us in our tracks, I know I’ve hit on something special. This Jamaican Curry Chicken is one of those unique recipes.
+In fact, Ben, who has the happy (or unhappy depending upon the day) task of sampling not only the final versions of the recipes you see here, but also their various testing iterations (some of which are markedly most successful than others), called this recipe “one of the best things you’ve made.”
+It’s more than a longing for a Caribbean vacation that will have this Jamaican curry chicken hitting the spot.
+While curry might not sound like the typical dinner rut for some, whenever I’m not sure what to cook and need an easy meal (soooo almost every night), curry is one of my defaults: Thai Chicken Curry, Slow Cooker Chicken Curry, and Coconut Curry are three frequent menu items.
+This Jamaican curry chicken is different.
+While it has some of the usual curry ingredients like coconut milk and spices, the heat has a subtle sweetness to it and the spices are more warm than other curries.
+The sauce is thick and rich, so this curry is comforting on a chilly evening if that’s when you are craving it, but the spices also work surprisingly well on even the hottest summer day. I suspect that’s why curry is so popular in countries known for their warm climates, like India and the Caribbean.
+Traditional Jamaican curry is made with scotch bonnet peppers and Jamaican curry powder, neither of which I have easy access to here in Milwaukee.
+As with any culturally inspired recipe, from my Instant Pot Chicken Tikka Masala to this Slow Cooker Butter Chicken, I’ll never ask you to go from store to store hunting for specialty ingredients. If I can’t find them, I know there’s a good chance you can’t either, which is why I jerry-rigged this recipe to have the same flavor profile, without actually using these two.
+How to Make Jamaican Curry Chicken
+This is an adapted, easy-ingredient version of traditional Jamaican curry chicken. If you want authentic flavor, made over to be healthy and done with ingredients you can find at the average American supermarket, you’ve come to the right place.
+Traditional Jamaican chicken curry is a bold, flavorful dish that’s cooked slowly over low heat, allowing time for the spices to develop. It’s believed that the dish (and its corresponding spices) came to Jamaica in the 17th century when workers from East India were brought to the British colony.
+Here’s how I substituted Jamaican curry powder and scotch bonnet peppers for my at-home version.
+How to Substitute Jamaican Curry Powder
+- Like all curry powders, Jamaican curry powder is a blend of different spices. There’s no one single recipe for it, though most blends contain cumin, coriander, mustard, anise, fenugreek, allspice, and turmeric.
+- Jamaican curry powder is different than regular curry powder because it contains more turmeric (which is why Jamaican dishes are often yellow) and more allspice in comparison to the other spices.
+To substitute Jamaican curry powder, I started with regular curry powder (which contains most of the same spices), then added extra turmeric and allspice. This allowed me to use ingredients that were easy for me to find, AND I didn’t have to toast and grind the spices myself.
+It might not be a perfect, 100% authentic option, but it is a delicious one that gave me excellent results.
+Substituting Scotch Bonnet Peppers
+Scotch bonnet peppers are the other Jamaican ingredient I couldn’t find easily. They are very spicy but also a little sweet and fruity.
+- To substitute scotch bonnet peppers, dice a red bell pepper VERY finely. This mimics the sweetness of scotch bonnets.
+- Add a spicy pepper you *can* find. Jalapeno is a good option.
+- Up the spice level. Scotch bonnets are spicier than jalapenos. A pinch of cayenne pepper and extra hot sauce are a good way to increase the heat.. The protein-rich chicken helps make this curry hearty and satisfying. You can also use chicken thighs.
+- Red Bell Pepper + Jalapeno. My easy swaps that mimic the flavors of the traditional scotch bonnet peppers. Both red peppers and jalapenos are rich in Vitamin-A and Vitamin-C, making them healthy additions to this curry (see more health benefits of jalapenos here and red peppers here).
+- Garlic + Ginger. Essential flavor additions to curry dishes.
+- Spices. The flavor powerhouse! A mix of curry powder, turmeric, and allspice make this curry warm, cozy, and deeply satisfying.
+- Potatoes. I used Yukon gold potatoes because they have a deliciously buttery flavor, and their texture holds up nicely. Regular russet potatoes would work too. For an extra veggie, you could make this Jamaican curry chicken with potatoes and carrots, swapping out one of the potatoes for two medium carrots.
+- Coconut Milk. Making Jamaican curry chicken with coconut milk thickens the sauce and also helps tame the heat. I found light coconut milk resulted in a sauce that was still plenty thick and satisfying, but if you’d like to make it even richer, you can use full fat coconut milk.
+- Worcestershire Sauce. Adds a touch of savory, umami flavor to the curry.
+- White Wine Vinegar. Brightens up all the flavors and adds a touch of acidity.
+- Cayenne + Hot Sauce. To achieve that signature Jamaican curry heat, I used cayenne and hot sauce. Use a little or a lot of each to reach your desired level of spice.
+- Cilantro. For freshness and beautiful color.
+The Directions
+- Salt the chicken, then saute the onions.
+- Add the bell pepper, jalapeño, garlic, and ginger.
+- Stir in the spices.
+- Saute until the chicken is golden.
+- Add the potatoes.
+- Pour in the remaining ingredients, stirring before bringing everything to a simmer. Simmer 15 to 20 minutes.
+- Serve with cilantro and rice. DIG IN!
+Is Jamaican Curry Chicken Spicy?
+- Yes, this recipe is spicy, at least compared to most of the other curries on this website. I’d put it at a 3 or 4 out of 5, with “1” being mild and “5” having you mopping your brow.
+- If you are sensitive to spice, I suggest dialing back the cayenne and hot sauce to start.
+- If you adore spicy food, you’ll go gaga for this. You might want to even add MORE hot sauce.
+How to Store and Reheat Jamaican Curry Chicken
+-.
+What to Serve with Jamaican Curry Chicken
+- Rice. This curry was made to be served over rice. White rice, brown rice, or cauliflower rice (for a low-carb option) would all work well. Make this a Jamaican curry chicken with rice and beans by also adding red beans to the rice.
+- Salad. For a healthy, simple side dish, pair this curry with Arugula Salad.
+- Veggies. Add more vegetables to your meal by serving a side of Tahini Roasted Carrots.
+More Delicious Curry Recipes
+Recommended Tools to Make Jamaican Chicken Curry
+Jamaican curry chicken saved us from our dinner rut—at least until it became the only thing either of us wants to eat! I hope it becomes a habit for you too.
+If you try this recipe, I’d love to hear what you think! Please leave a comment below and let me know how it turned out for you. I’d especially love to know how you feel about the spice level. Do we want more curry? Let’s discuss!
+Jamaican Curry Chicken
+A healthy Jamaican curry chicken made with coconut milk, potatoes, and everyday spices you can find at any grocery store. Authentic flavor and easy prep!
+Servings: 4 servings (about 7 cups)
+- 1 1/4 pounds boneless, skinless chicken breasts – cut into 1-inch pieces (about 2 breasts)
+- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
+- 2 tablespoons olive oil
+- 1 medium yellow onion – finely chopped
+- 1 red bell pepper – very finely chopped*
+- 2 jalapeno peppers*
+- 3 cloves garlic – minced (about 1 tablespoon)
+- 1 teaspoon minced fresh ginger
+- 3 1/2 tablespoons curry powder
+- 1 teaspoon turmeric
+- 3/4 teaspoon allspice
+- 1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper – plus additional to taste*
+- 2 medium Yukon gold potatoes – peeled and diced
+- 1 15-ounce can light coconut milk
+- 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce
+- 1 1/2 teaspoons white wine vinegar
+- 1 teaspoon hot sauce – plus additional to taste*
+- Chopped fresh cilantro
+- Prepared brown rice – quinoa, or cauliflower rice, for serving
+Sprinkle the chicken with salt. Set aside.
+In a Dutch oven or similar deep, sturdy pot, heat the oil over medium. Once it is hot, add the onions, and cook, stirring occasionally, until the onions begin to soften and turn translucent, 5 to 8 minutes.
+Stir in the red bell pepper, jalapeños, garlic, and ginger. Cook, stirring often, for 2 minutes.
+Add curry powder, turmeric, allspice, and cayenne. Cooking, stirring constantly, until spices turn deep gold and become ultra fragrant, about 1 minute.
+Add the chicken and sauté for 5 minutes, stirring often. It should look golden on the outside but does not need to be completely cooked through.
+Add the potatoes. Cook, stirring often, for 3 minutes.
+Add the coconut milk, Worcestershire, vinegar, and hot sauce. Stir to combine. Bring to a simmer. Continue to simmer, reducing the heat to low as needed, until the chicken is tender and cooked through, the potatoes are tender, and sauce has slightly reduced, 15 to 20 minutes. Stir every few minutes to keep the sauce from sticking.
+Taste and season with additional salt or hot sauce as desired. Serve hot over rice, with a big sprinkle of cilantro.
+- *Scotch bonnet peppers are the most traditional for Jamaican dishes, so if you can find one (or if you can find habanero peppers which are the closest substitute), use it here and omit the cayenne and red bell pepper and scale the hot sauce back to 1/2 teaspoon to start. Our store doesn’t regularly carry either of these peppers, which is why I adapted the recipe to use a jalapeno pepper, combined with a red bell pepper and cayenne to mimic the fruitiness and heat of scotch bonnet/habanero peppers.
+-.
+This post contains some affiliate links, which means that I make a small commission off items you purchase at no additional cost to you.
+June 24, 2018
+Pastor Jeff Struecker
+Sermon Notes
+We’re starting a brand-new sermon series today. This sermon series is designed to help you get comfortable going deep. And if you’ve been around our church for several months, we put a goal out to our church months ago of this year: Would you ask God to bring 3 people into your life, and would you, if you are a sincere follower of Jesus, would you help those 3 people understand what it means to be a follower of Jesus? In other words, would you reach 3 people this year? So, I’m going to use an analogy today about swimming as a way of describing, what does it looks like to really reach 3 people? But this whole sermon series over the next several weeks, it’s not really about swimming. It’s about going to a coffee shop; it’s about going to the gym; it’s about going to hang around after work or after class and talk to somebody who God is already putting in your life but they may not know Jesus Christ personally.
+So, let me ask you, when you first learned how to swim, did your parents take you to swim lessons? When somebody taught you how to swim, did a friend or a family member lovingly bring you out of the shallow end and take you into the deep end of the pool, or did you have one of those kinds of families where in order to teach you how to swim, they just threw you over the edge in the deep end, and they made sure you’d figure this one out on your own?
+Hey, learning to share your faith, it can be scary. I’m just going to be honest with you; if you’ve never done it before, if it’s been a long time since you’ve ever shared your faith in Jesus, especially if you’re sharing your faith with somebody you’re really, really close to, this can be very intimidating. It’s a lot like going into the deep end of the pool for the first time, and what I want you to understand today before we even get started is that all of us have some shallow relationships. These are the relationships where you’re just splashing around in the shallow end of the pool.
+Here’s who I’m talking about. These are the people you see at the grocery store, the lady in the checkout line when you go to the grocery store, and you see her again and again. Or it’s the lady in the spin class next to you, and you know each other by first name, but you really don’t know a whole lot more than that. Maybe it’s somebody you go to school with, or it’s somebody you work with, and you have some really casual, shallow-water relationships with, but you really don’t know a whole lot about them. Most of us have 20, 30, 50 people in our lives like that right now.
+The challenge that we’re placing before you in this Reach Deeper sermons series is, would you take just 2 or 3 of those 20 or 30 or 50 people into the deep water with you? Would you find an opportunity to not just talk about the gym or about the ball game or about the boss, but would you find a way to have a really eternal conversation? -a deep conversation about life and death and Heaven and Hell and the stuff that’s going to matter 10,000 years from now?
+That’s what we’re calling today a “gospel friendship”. All of us (I do. You do.) have 20, 30, 50 casual relationships. Would you take just 2 or 3 of them this year and turn them into gospel friendships? I promise you, if you’re going to move just a couple of those people into gospel friendships, you’re going to have to take them into the deep end of the pool with you. You see, making gospel friendships doesn’t happen in the shallow end of the pool. It happens in the deep end, and you’re going to have to be comfortable in the deep end of the pool if you’re going to help other people get comfortable in the deep end of the pool.
+So, let’s just be honest; some of you out here are really good at sharing your faith. Much of what you’re going to hear over the next few weeks is just reinforcing what you already know. But some of you out here would say, “Man, I am totally uncomfortable with this because I’m really just not that practiced at it. I haven’t done this very often, so I’m not sure how comfortable I am going deep with somebody.”
+Others of you in this room would be willing to say, “You know what? I’m not that comfortable. I’m kind of uninformed. I don’t know how to do this because nobody has ever showed me. How do you have gospel conversations? How do you develop gospel friendships?” That’s what this whole sermon series is designed to do.
+And then there are some (and I know because you’ve already said this to me in the hallways of our church), you are unable to do it because you don’t know anybody who doesn’t know Jesus. So, you don’t know how to help get in touch with somebody who doesn’t know Jesus, needs to hear about Jesus, needs to go into the deep end of the pool with you. All of those things, we’re going to talk about, we’re going to address over the next few weeks during this sermon series, and what you’re going to hear today is just an overview of where we’re going over the next few weeks.
+I. We are compelled by love
+So, let me show you what it looks like to make gospel friendships, to develop these kinds of deep relationships with just 2 or 3 people out of the 20 or 30 or 50 casual acquaintances that you have. Here’s the first thing that I’d like for you to know. We’re going to look at a couple of different passages of Scripture, but the first thing that you need to understand about this whole sermon series is that: We are compelled to do this out of love. God loved us, and because God loved us and he changed us, now we love God. And because we love God, we love people like God loves people. The love of God started in us, and the love for God developed through us, and now we love like God.
+I’m telling you this because if you’re not careful, you could develop this very unloving, very utilitarian view of people, like you’re just using people to put a little notch on your gospel belt. That’s not what we want from you in this sermon series. We want you to love like Jesus loved. We want you to look at people like Jesus looked at people in Matthew chapter 9. Listen to this description of Jesus’s heart for people who need to hear about what God has done for them. Matthew 9, starting in verse 35:
+Matthew 9:35-38.”
+Jesus is thinking, This is not how it’s supposed to be. This is not the world that I created, and people who are suffering right now are suffering because they are my sheep, but they don’t know the great shepherd. They don’t know the one who God has sent to rescue them from their pain and from their suffering.
+Look at what Jesus does next when he is heartbroken over the pain and the suffering going on around him, like if it was Columbus, Georgia and he was reading the murder statistics or he was reading about molestations. If he was seeing the sickness and the sin in our city, he would be as heartbroken today as he was over Jerusalem 2,000 years ago, and here’s his solution to this problem: He turned to his disciples and then he said to his disciples, “The harvest is abundant, but the workers are few.” -like the fruit is just hanging on the tree ready to be picked, but it’s not being picked because there are not enough workers picking the fruit. “The harvest is abundant, but the workers are few. Therefore, pray to the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into his harvest or to send out workers into his field.”
+Jesus is expecting out of love that we would be compelled to go to people who need to hear about him. Can I remind you there is a Grand Canyon-wide gap between the holy, perfect God and sinful people, and God closes that gap by sending his son, Jesus, to leave Heaven and come to Earth? Here’s what I’m trying to say to you: If you want to talk about people who are different, no one was more different than the people he was trying to reach than Jesus, which means you’re going to end up going to people who don’t share your same political party. They’re Republican, your Democrat. You don’t even agree eye to eye on politics.
+Or you’re going to go to people who are a generation different from you. They’re old; you’re young. You’ve got to figure out how to close that gap. Maybe they don’t share your ethnicity. They’re African American, Hispanic, Asian; you’re not. You go to them. You’re compelled out of love to go to them and to close that gap and to meet them right where they are. The perfect example of it is Brad and Tracy, who were willing to sell everything, pack up, and go to the other side of the world to minister to people who need to hear about our Savior.
+Loving people, compelled to go to people is doing what Jesus does in Matthew chapter 9. He first ministers to their needs. He meets them where they’re hurting. But it doesn’t stop there. He knows the real solution to crime and poverty and suffering and sickness is a soul-level solution, so he gives them what they need most. He gives them the antidote to sin. He gives them a solution to death and to the grave, and the lord is already placing in your life 20 or 30 people who you kind of see on a pretty regular basis. Maybe you know them by first name, but that’s all you know.
+Here’s what I want you to do. On the tables outside of our worship center is a little card. It’s a blank card. This card is an invitation card. It’s your chance to talk at a coffee shop or a restaurant, not a swimming pool, but a coffee shop or a restaurant or a chance to get together after work or after class. Would you just simply write down, “Hey, can we meet at this place at this time? I’ve got something really important that I want to talk to you about.” You put the place and the time on the back of this card and just hand it to him. If they hear it in your voice, they can tell about your heart that you care, and most of them, if they’re free, they’ll meet you where you ask them to meet you.
+This is just a simple way of taking those 20 or 30 casual acquaintances, narrowing down to 2 or 3, and moving those 2 or 3 to the people God is placing on your heart to try to reach. Ask God to give you wisdom, to give you a burden, to get you to put those people on your mind who you are supposed to go deeper with. Take them into the deep end of the pool with you.
+II. We are commanded to go
+You see, we’re compelled by the love of Jesus to go to people, but we’re not just compelled to do it. We’re commanded to do this. There’s a Boston college professor, a Roman Catholic theologian by the name of Peter Kreeft, and Peter says it this way: “Jesus commands his church to keep doing what Jesus came to do until he comes back again.” And here’s how Peter Kreeft puts it (I agree completely). He says, “The church is [listen to this] a conspiracy of love for a dying world. It’s a spy mission. The church is a spy mission into enemy-occupied territory fueled by powers of evil. The church is a prophet from God with the greatest news the world has ever heard. -the most life changing, most revolutionary institution that has ever existed on Planet Earth.”
+That’s what the church of Jesus Christ is, because the church offers something that no institution that’s ever existed on Planet Earth offers. It offers an eternal relationship with the creator of the universe, an eternal relationship with God the Father, through the death of his son.
+When Jesus was getting ready to leave Earth and to go back to the Father, when he was wrapping up his mission on Earth, Jesus gave one final instruction to his church. If you’ve been around here for more than a day, you heard this a lot at this church because Jesus says, “This is what my church is supposed to be about.” Matthew chapter, 28 and the back story starts in verse 16.
+Matthew 28:16-20 came near and he said to them: “All authority has been given to me in Heaven and on Earth…” Go, therefore, to a coffee shop and have a conversation about their marriage. No, go, therefore, after work and talk to them about their boss and the troubles that they’re having in life. No, maybe Jesus was saying to go, therefore, and teach their children in school, or go, therefore, and take care of their parents or their grandparents. Go, therefore, and offer them a meal and give them some clothes because they’re hungry and they’re naked…
+No, Jesus’s instruction is, “Go, therefore, and [say it out loud] make disciples.” And here, if you’re not sure how to make disciples, I’m going to tell you what it looks like. “Go, therefore, and make disciples, and don’t stop until every tribe, every nation, every language, every tongue has heard about me.” You want to know how to do it? We use 3 words around here. These 3 words summarize what Jesus says next. We use the words reach, build and send. “Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations [reach] baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit [build] teaching them to observe everything that I’ve commanded you, and do it [send] until all nations have heard this.” And by the way, “I want you to remember this: You’re not alone. I am with you always even to the ends of the earth.”
+This isn’t a command that we just endure. This is a command that God’s people are supposed to enjoy like, I get the privilege of being part of the greatest message in the greatest institution on Planet Earth. I get the privilege of helping take part in the mission of God. God is the missionary, and his church is built to finish his mission on Planet Earth, and when his church has done what he has called his church to do, then God comes back and ends human history as we know and takes his church to be with him in Heaven forever.
+And if you’re freaking out about this a little bit right now, like you’ve never really shared your faith with somebody who doesn’t know Jesus, I want you to see, he’s with you. -not just right next to you. If you’re a follower of Jesus, he’s inside of you in the form of his Holy Spirit, giving you the power and the wisdom and the right words at the right time to say. You see, most people really don’t care about your story; they don’t care what you know until they know that you really care about them, and if you’re going to be able to be very effective, we’re not going to teach you some slick gospel presentation over the next few weeks. We’re just going to teach you how to effectively share your heart with people and share what Jesus has already done for you.
+And if you’re saying, “I don’t know how to do that, Jeff. Nobody’s ever showed me how,” we’ll show you how. But keep this in mind: You’re not on your own. The Holy Spirit is right there with you. If you’re out of practice and it’s been a long time since you’ve done this, you’re not on your own. If you don’t know the right words to say, you’re not on your own. He says, “I didn’t leave you alone. I’ve sent my Spirit, and he will give you the right words at the right time in the perfect place. He will be with you. You’re not on your own.
+III. We are compassionate to everyone, but called to someone
+We’re compelled by the love of God to go. We’re commanded to go. We’re not just asking people to come to us. We’re going to them and to everyone in the Chattahoochee Valley, even those who don’t look like us. You see, we’re trying to be compassionate to everyone, but called to just reach 2 or 3 people, called to just a couple of people this year, and the greatest example of this in the New Testament apart from Jesus Christ himself and probably John the Baptist, the other greatest example of this was a Palestinian terrorist, a guy by the name of Saul, who God radically changed, and he became the Apostle Paul, one of the greatest spokesmen for Christianity in the New Testament.
+Paul tells us, “Let me show you my method of sharing my faith.” Here it is,1st Corinthians chapter nine. Here’s Paul’s method of sharing his faith with other people:
+1 Corinthians 9:19-23
+Although I am free from all.
+You’re going to have to be very careful with the way that you understand these verses because if you’re not careful, they’re dangerous. They could cause you to believe that everybody ends up in Heaven. That’s not what Paul is teaching. They could cause you to believe that you’re supposed to win everybody. That’s also not what Paul is teaching. Paul is just simply saying, “There is no limit, there is no one I am not willing to go to and to share what Jesus has done for me.”
+If you’re going to properly understand these verses, there are really a couple of words that you need to properly understand. One is the word all, and the word all doesn’t mean every person on Earth, because Paul never went to every person on Earth. He went pretty far and pretty wide, but he didn’t talk to everyone. This word means the people God is placing in my life, I will use those opportunities. I will take those opportunities to make a few gospel friendships, and I will share Jesus with them.
+He uses the word win, and frankly, you’ve got to be careful with this word win. In the New Testament, it literally means to gain somebody to Christ. I want you think about it this way. I want you to think about it like you make an investment, a financial investment, and that investment starts to earn interest, and the interest starts to be credited to your bank account. Your bank account is gaining; you are winning interest or gaining interest in your bank account. Or perhaps a better way to understand this is you go to the gym, you work out really hard, and you start to make gains in strength or in fitness because you’re doing some work.
+But here’s the danger: Eight times in this passage, Paul uses the word I (I do this. I do this. I do this. I do this…), but he does not say, “I am the reason why they become a Christian.” He does not say, “They are saved because of me.” Paul makes it very clear, “It’s the Gospel of Jesus Christ that changes people, and I have a very small role to play, but I do have a role to play in this, and because I’m doing what the Holy Spirit is asking me to do, God is using me [Paul would say], and people are coming to faith in Christ.”
+And that method is the same today as it was when this verse was written thousands of years ago. God just simply wants me or you to get really good, really comfortable at sharing your faith. We showed a video at the beginning of the service. This kid is shaking, he’s terrified about jumping off of the diving board into the deep end, and eventually he starts to practice it. Eventually he gets good at it. Pretty soon when he’s a little bit older, jumping off of that board into the deep end is no big deal for him because he’s practiced it. He’s become really comfortable with it.
+Our goal is to help you practice and get comfortable sharing your faith because it can be really, really intimidating. But once you practice that once, you become comfortable with it, you (like Paul) can say, “No matter what the circumstance, I’m ready, I’m comfortable telling people about what I believe because I’ve learned how to do it. I’ve learned how to do it well.”
+But here’s the truth: I don’t know if you remember this, but I remember it vividly. How many of you remember what it was like to be without Jesus? -because I do. I remember exactly what it felt like to be totally aware of my sin and unable to figure out what to do about it. I remember the fear of thinking about dying and the terror of facing eternity and not knowing what happens to you. And then God sent a Christian couple to my door who sat down at my dining room table and who talked to me about Jesus, and they were terrified. I’ll tell you the story about it in a few weeks. They were scared to death and stumbling all over themselves, and that night, I heard for the first time in my life who Jesus was and what he did for me, and it radically changed me.
+That night, later on, I knelt by the side of my bed. I surrendered my soul to Jesus Christ, and I remember to this day what it felt like to be changed and made into a new person, and I want that for everyone in the Chattahoochee Valley. I want them to experience what I experienced, and for those of you out there who remember what it was like to be lost without Jesus, I’m convinced you want your friends and your neighbors, those casual acquaintances to experience what you experienced. Maybe you just never had the tools to share it with them.
+Over the next few weeks, we’re going to give you some tools, and we’re going to ask you to do something with those tools. Would you take a few shallow relationships, and would you turn them into gospel friendships? Would you take them into the deep end of the pool with you?
+Next Steps
+• Today, I surrendered my soul to Jesus for the first time. Please contact me about what to do next.
+– I’m not really comfortable sharing my faith right now. I’m asking God to help me understand the Gospel and how to share it with others during this series.
++ I am going deep with 3 people right now.
+Discussion Questions
+- Why are new Christians sometimes the most active in sharing their faith? What does this say about people who have known Jesus for many years?
+- It can often be scary to share your faith for the first time. Where does that fear come from?
+- What is the worst possible outcome that could happen to you if you invited someone you know to become a Christian today?
+- On a scale of 1 -10, how comfortable do you feel about explaining how to become a Christian with someone today?
+- Read Ephesians 4:11-16. In your opinion, are “evangelists” the only people who should be sharing their faith? Explain your answer.
+- Is it okay to just be a friend and do nice things for my neighbors, but never tell them about Jesus? Explain your answer using Scripture.
+- Pray for the names of the three people God is placing on your heart to share your faith with this year.
+Not long.
+- Hide menu
+If.
+It seems that even the world’s largest terrorist organisation, Al-Qaeda, believes in the power of advertising. This ad comes from the first issue of “Inspire Magazine”, an e-zine designed to promote Al-Qaeda’s twisted message in the Western markets.
+Please note: That magazine was one of the most vile and disgusting pieces of words I’ve ever read – hatred like this can’t be real. At the same time, the ad itself does promote a message we all could live by. I suppose “Inspire” is a perfect example of man taking religion to absurdity…
+I came across this video for Samsung’s take on a mobile phone user guide. We’ve all seen tech manuals showing us step-by-step instructions on how to properly work the thing, but this one takes it a bit further. Created by the people at Vitamins Design, this user guide puts the phone inside of the manual, with each page of the book a clear, one-sentence instruction.
+Here’s how it works:
+Is this user guide a stroke of genius, or an over-blown hu-hah? To me, it’s a bit of both. Although I really like the idea behind it, I do feel that the tech savvy people might feel a bit stupid using this (just give me the damn phone and sim already). Also, the urban-hippie inside of me just can’t stand looking at all that paper being wasted… Clearly though, this phone isn’t for me (urban-hippie techie), but for some though, this manual could be a godsend.
+I want to share this short documentary I found about a character that I never knew I still love so much. At one stage, this guy was the number one “Most Recognisable” character in America, beating Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and his arch nemesis, Mario. He was the hero that every kid followed, and even me here in Australia, I couldn’t help not to be swept into his cult. I’m talking about Sonic the Hedgehog.
+I recently came across Sonic the game while browsing around in the Android market. For a cent shy of a dollar (99 cents for those that don’t like to subtract), I was able to re-live all my childhood memories right on my new Motorola RAZR mobile phone. Now this part, this part right here, this is the kicker – it actually worked. Playing that game on my phone did really bring back a lot of the memories that I had, and you know what, they were really, really good and happy memories. As a kid, I loved Sonic and Sega, and being an only child, I smashed that game as much as I could. It was my release, my adventure, and I was so happy to have experienced it. Was I “marketingally” brain-washed? Maybe. To be honest, I don’t really care – the game was awesome.
+After spending some time with the game, I ended-up doing a bit of research and reading on Sonic. While hunting for info, I came across this short documentary by Game Tap. The doco talks about how the character got created, why it was created, and what was the character supposed to represent. As a kid, I never knew this, but Sonic (the game and the character) were part of Sega’s marketing ploy to get one over its rival Nintendo; it wasn’t just a game, it was a marketing strategy as well. The marketing team had a lot to say on how Sonic should look, feel, and act, but at the same time, they treated him with lots of love, care, and respect. The head of marketing/design over in the US even went as far as calling herself Sonic’s “mum”, which I can understand and totally relate with.
+So sit down, relax, and find-out how and why millions of kids around the world fell in love with this game character. Who knows, there might be another one coming from just around the corner, and the pattern of its success could be just like that of Sonic the Hedgehog. Enjoy!.
+If you are a fan of underground music, then this is not new to you at all – dubstep and ‘beatacism’ is taking over the club scene. What started off as young producers and DJ’s making music that they (as opposed to the rest of the crowd) liked and playing it among themselves, quickly escalated into a musical movement that’s sweeping the globe. Embraced by the few that keep their ears to the ground, it is now slowly filtering into the mainstream. And these new genres of music have grown in popularity thanks to the one tool that the music industry has been fighting to curb for years – the internet.
+The impact music has on our culture is undeniable – just think of Bob Dylan, John Lennon, et al and the effect their songs had on the peace/anti-war movement of the 60′s/70′s. Music is a contagious symptom of beliefs that can spread quicker than the flu. A musical movement is not just a bunch of catchy chords and melodies sung and danced to by a few people – it’s also a map by which they live their life by. And it’s those that latch-on to what is perceived to be the “new sound” that usually have the social power to influence those around them. And not just musically, but also in what to wear, eat, watch, read, follow, believe, how to act, and how to behave. Smart marketers/creatives/strategists know this very well, and tapping into the trend-setter can be a very lucrative proposition. It can also back-fire tremendously if done in a “distasteful to the cool peeps” way.
+Here are two short documentaries that talk about the evolution of dubstep; how it started, what are its beliefs, and where it is heading. There is a an interesting talk about how the internet has helped the genre and its artists to spread their sound beyond their small city borders, and into the wider world. It also talks about the old adage of “underground vs mainstream” – they listen to this music to differentiate themselves from the crowd, but the further they push their sound, the more people pick it up, which then the mainstream latches on to it, and then the movement dies and evolves into something else; a never-ending musical life-cycle.
+So, have a look and see what the ‘cool kids’ are into these days. It’s just a matter of time before every brand and medium picks these genres up, and milk them for their “cool”.
+Unfortunately I am not aware of any docos about the hip-hop ‘LA’ beat scene, but have a read of the link in the first paragraph (it discusses how this genre started in the parking lot and a boom-box, and moved on to every part of the world within a matter of a few years), and this one here. And while you’re at it, make sure you listen to the music too – it really is something new.
+Have a look at this video of Sydney’s Museum of Contemporary Art interactive building projection. Created by Spinifex Group, the idea behind this installation is quite simple – thanks to the Kinect, passers by are able to throw and splash virtual paint onto the MCA building, creating their very own contemporary pieces.
+I believe that the Kinect has a huge potential to be used as a marketing/advertising tool, and in the next few years we will see some truly amazing applications being developed for it. With Microsoft pretty much making the Kinect an open source utility, it’s just a matter of time before we see this device as a backbone for more interactive branded experiences, and not just when you’re out-and-about. Imagine hoping onto Xbox Live Arcade, opening your favourite online clothing store page, flicking through some virtual clothes racks, picking-out the pants and jumper that you like, trying them on, and move around in them and see how you look, all in the comfort of your own living room.
+It could turn the mirror into a thing of the past.
+Courtesy of Crystal Smith.
+If you love football, stats, marketing, and all things sports-business related, then this is just the thing for you.
+Each year, Deloitte releases a report on the financial health of the top football (soccer) clubs around the world; and as you might’ve guessed, they’re all European. It has a lot of great info, such as the revenue figures for the top 20 earning clubs, the breakdown of where this revenue comes from, TV rights and sponsorship profit numbers, and other information which will no doubt help anyone out there that’s writing about the football business. It’s even a great read for those that just like to read about football.
+There’s a few other reports prepared by them on their site that deal with other sports as well that are well worth checking out too.
+Link – Deloitte Football Money League 2011
+Check out this free-to-view documentary entitled Marketing of Madness: Are We All Insane? – it’s an interesting look into the current psychiatric drug industry. Now, I find this documentary to be particularly biased; it’s very anti-drug and anti-psychiatry. I believe that everything has its time and place, and although I do agree that psychiatric drugs are a crutch, but sometimes we do need crutches for support.
+The doco goes into the history of the industry and the effects of these substances on the human mind, but about half-way through it, it discusses some of the advertising, branding, and public relations techniques that these companies engage in to promote their products. It certainly has a lot of great information in here, but I would be a bit cautious in terms of some of the statistics they present – a double check and more research is definitely recommended by yours truly.
+It’s a great tool to get you started, and an interesting watch too. However, the voice-over artist and the background music can get a bit annoying after a while.
+Here’s a link to the whole youtube playlist.
+Enjoy!
+Lions mailbag: Biggest needs, biggest breakouts for '18
+The Detroit Lions have their coach and suddenly I have little to do. With the scouting combine on deck, followed by free agency, it feels like a good time to knock out a mailbag. On to your questions.
+Biggest needs this offseason, from the draft to free agency, possible targets? Trades?— Sean O'Donnell (@Seanodonnell454)
+The Lions have plenty of needs, but I'll list the top few, based on a combination of current depth and difficulty to fill.
+1. Defensive end
+The need would certainly be mitigated by retaining Ziggy Ansah, but the team could still stand to add an impact pass rusher. Kerry Hyder's return and Anthony Zettel's emergence give the Lions a nice rotation up front. Cornelius Washington also offers something as a powerful edge setter, capable of occasionally collapsing the pocket with a bull rush.
+2. Defensive tackle
+A'Shawn Robinson is a solid piece and Akeem Spence was better than expected as a free-agent addition, but the Lions desperately need interior depth. The Lions can't go wrong with adding a run-stopping nose or a penetrating 3-tech. Re-signing 34-year-old Haloti Ngata could be a stopgap, but isn't a long-term solution.
+3. Running back
+It's going to be addressed, it's just a matter of what kind of resource the Lions are going to invest into the position. I can't even say I'd be surprised with the team using its first-round draft pick on a back. There are bigger issues with the ground game than the person carrying the ball, but a capable, north-south runner will go a long way toward lifting the Lions from the basement to the middle of the pack.
+4. Guard
+Another way the Lions can improve their rushing attack is to add a mauling guard to complete general manager Bob Quinn's overhaul of the offensive line. This hypothetical lineman would essentially replace Travis Swanson in the team's starting lineup, with Graham Glasgow permanently moving to center. If the Lions make an addition here, it can't just be a phone-booth blocker. They need someone capable of pulling, getting to the second level and nimble enough to hold his own in pass protection. Keeping Matthew Stafford upright remains priority No. 1.
+Would you rather use a pick on a RB? Or go after a FA? Examples of each please.— Chad Stewart (@Chef_Chadley)
+With running backs, I almost always advocate looking for an answer in the draft, for two simple reasons — cost and mileage. You can find workable talent in the middle rounds and the price tag is going to be less than $1 million per season, where a premier free agent might run a team more than $10 million per season. Even a mid-tier player, such as Chris Ivory two years ago, can get $6 million per year on the open market.
+Yes, the cost argument holds up at almost every position, but mileage matters at running back more than most spots. It feels like there's an expiration date at the position, and the rate of return diminishes pretty quickly once they reach a certain threshold of touches during their career.
+As for examples of guys I like in the draft, in those middle rounds: Sony Michel, Royce Freeman, Rashdad Penny, Kalen Ballage, Mark Walton and Darrel Williams are a few who intrigue me. In free agency, the list is shorter: Isaiah Crowell, LeGarrette Blount and Carlos Hyde are probably the guys I like the most.
+Since Tennessee is in scheme change for Marcus Mariota, do you see the Lions going after DeMarco Murray?— Barry (@crossnoe7)
+Murray is under contract for two more seasons, but with no dead money remaining on the deal, he's a potential cap casualty. If he's cut, yeah, he's on the short list. He's coming off a down year, and just turned 30, but his running style and versatility could be a nice fit in Detroit.
+Stud running back or stud D/L guy first pick?— scott vee (@Scottyvee3)
+Well, the odds of landing a "stud" anything outside the top seven or eight picks drops precipitously, but all things created equal, if there's an option of equally graded players at those positions when the Lions are on the clock, they should take the lineman.
+What flavor of Paczki is Patricia’s favorite?— JC (@legendjc13)
+Meatball.
+Who do you believe are the breakout players on offense and defense in 2018?— Randy (@SpaceCowboy20XX)
+Maybe it's too easy of an answer, but it's tough not to pick Kenny Golladay on offense. If he can stay healthy in his second season, 60 catches for 800 yards and 6-8 scores isn't unreasonable, even with the Lions' wealth of other passing-game options.
+On defense, I would lay a significant wager on Jarrad Davis being vastly improved in his second season. He had moments where you could see his potential as a rookie, but too many bad angles led to too many missed tackles. He also struggled mightily in coverage, as many young linebackers do. But his work ethic and genuine passion for the game are among the best on the team, and you know the physical gifts are there. So give me the second-year Mike out of Florida.
+When do most of the players actually meet Coach Patricia? They’re largely out of the city for the offseason, right? Is it during OTAs? After? Some special meet and greet?— Greg Warren (@gregwarren2)
+Workouts for teams with new coaches can be held the first week of April, so probably then.
+Any possibility at all that they could go after Le'Veon Bell if the Steelers don't tag?— Rob Mapley (@RobMapley)
+Realistically, I don't see it. The cost, as it currently stands, is prohibitive. He reportedly turned down a deal that averaged $12 million per season last year, then delivered more than 1,900 yards from scrimmage and 11 touchdowns after skipping training camp. He bet on himself and is primed to cash in.
+Out of the top three free agent pass rushers, DeMarcus Lawrence, Adrian Clayborn, and Alex Okafor, who do you think would be the best fit for the new defensive scheme?— john curte (@rexum420)
+The beautiful thing about Matt Patricia's scheme is it will be tailored to fit the talent. So what we're really asking is who is the best football player from the group you mention. The clear answer, to me, is Lawrence. And trust me when I say he'll get paid as such. The 6-foot-3, 265-pounder tallied 14.5 sacks and 79 quarterback pressures last season, both ranking in the top three in the league.
+The downside with Lawrence are some injury issues and a four-game suspension for performance-enhancing drugs after getting popped for amphetamines. Another violation will bring a longer ban, and that's always a concern.
+What do you believe is more likely to make the top 10 next year?— The Respected Madman (@KHMakerD)
+1) Pressures
+2) Rushing yards
+I can't wrap my head around the Lions finishing top 10 in rushing, so I'll go pressures. A line of Ansah, Hyder, Zettel, Robinson and a early-round rookie could conceivably do some real damage when at full strength (franchise tag for Ansah pending, of course).
+What level of involvement do you expect Patricia to have on offense, with Stafford, both during prep and in game?— Max Emmer (@MSEmmer88)
+A lot of former defensive coordinators are hands-off with the offense as a head coach, but I don't believe Patricia will take that approach. A former offensive lineman, with offensive coaching experience at both the collegiate and professional level, he has an above-average grasp on schemes and concepts.
+With that valuable cross-training, expect Patricia to be involved in all aspects of the team, especially in constructing the game plan.
+Why is draft talk always about best player available, but mock drafts only select players at positions of need?— Kalsarikännit Al (@LethalSax)
+Need is part of the best-player-available equation. It's not purely best talent, it's best talent for your franchise.
+The Lions aren't going to draft a quarterback in the first round (and probably not a receiver), because it's a poor use of the resource. You look for the highest-graded player that plugs a hole, especially early in the draft. The deeper into the event, the more a team will go straight BPA because immediate contributions become less expected. Remember, a pick isn't made with only the following year in mind, but the next four seasons.
+That's exactly what the Lions did with cornerback Teez Tabor last year. They understood he wouldn't be needed as a rookie, assuming the players in front of him stayed healthy. But with two contributing cornerbacks heading to free agency in 2018, and another in 2019, the Tabor pick significantly increases in importance starting this year.
+Give us just 3 reasons, okay 2 reasons, okay 1 reason why we should think 60 years in, with Quinn Era now in 3rd year we should believe anything will be different re: division championship, home playoff game and a playoff win.— a real piece of work (@ngelfond)
+My job isn't to peddle hope. The Lions have installed two smart, hard-working individuals at the top of their organization, both who were essentially born and bred in the NFL's most-successful culture. That gives the team a fighting chance, but it doesn't make Aaron Rodgers or Mike Zimmer's defense go away.
+If I offered to let you have an exclusive interview with me at anytime during the coming year, what day would you choose and what topic would you want your interview to be on?— Fake Bob Quinn (@fakebobquinn)
+That's a good question. Quinn talks to the media only a handful of times per year — the combine, owners' meetings (mid-March), pre- and post-draft and immediately following the season. I guess I'd look to break up the long window and maybe target just before the regular season, only because I know I wouldn't get much meaningful information before or during free agency.
+As for topics, I would never put all my eggs into one basket. As always, I'd hit as many pressing issues as I could in the allotted time.
+Any early indicators on whether or not you will have to pull out the abacus this year? Or did you retire it when Caldwell left?— Ted J (@Spudrock91)
+As a former engineering student myself, I'm going to have to dig out my graphing calculator. That's only because I very much doubt I could capably use a CAD program these days.
+jdrogers@detroitnews.com
+twitter.com/Justin_Rogers
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+"Wreck-It Ralph" was already on my most-anticipated movies of the year list. At 1:09 of this trailer, it became #1. I won't be more psyched for a movie this year...
+This may not be a Pixar movie, but it has that "feel." I'm tearing up, just a little, on reflex.
+The pitch is "Toy Story" for video games:?
+UPDATED! Here's a high-res screengrab: Look at them! Look at them all! Holy shit - that's the final Rhino Boss guy from "Altered Beast!" And a fucking BEHOLDER!!??
+50 comments:
+I'm officially SOLD!
+Actually getting some real characters works much better than making a bunch of clones of 'em, even though it's odd to see all thos villains together. Soundtrack for the trailer was awful, though.
+It's so awesome I'm speechless
+Please take my money!
+Looks pretty good. I'll see what comes of it.
+This looks legit awesome. Fingers crossed it doesn't just go for all the easy video game cliche jokes (I didn't really notice any in the trailer, so that's a positive sign).
+What really sells it for me is that it includes actual video game characters and not some shitty knock offs. I'm also pretty amazed that they were able to secure those.
+Unreal! Pixar, how do you find ways to get my money. I thought I'd never see a Pixar film, then you drop The Incredibles and Toy Story 3, and now this. Man!
+@Bob
+If you're Dreamworks, how do you counter?
+I really do see the appeal of this film. It looks hilarious and probably the first movie since Scott Pilgrim to really shine a positive light and winking nod to the video game culture. The cameos of Robotnik and Bowser were a nice touch. At the same time though, I feel it can also be a disservice to the opposite end of the gaming spectrum, where "cute, fuzzy, and family friendly" suddenly go to the "not so family friendly side". And this is where the film may end up being more condescending than it might intend to be.
+I understand if this caters to your disdain for the current trends in gaming today, but I really feel that both sides need to be handled and viewed with some shared respect, and hopefully not a nostalgia-tinted lamenting on how things were better when they were simpler. In the more "mature" side of the spectrum, the good must be examined with the obviously bad, something that Hollywood more or less is either neglecting or being ignorant about for the sake of driving a point to audiences. It will be the scenario where the older generation will view the new, and because they see a world they neither understand or wish to understand, they'll right it off that the younger generation has it better, when in reality, in context to their era, there are even greater daunting challenges that the new generation will face.
+Anyway, I don't mean to over speculate on a film that may not even amount to what I am observing from one trailer. I'm sure the film will be a welcoming film that salutes games and gamers and the culture they represent.
+Oh, and one more thing:
+If successful, will my guilty pleasure fantasies come to life in the form of a Smash Brothers project on screen, or better still (to me).....the rebirth of Captain N?
+JOY!
+Yup. I'm there.
+Wow, I had no idea this was going to feature actual video game characters! I was expecting it to be filled with generic stand ins. I definitely wasn't expecting Zangief or Bowser! I think I might have even seen Shuma Gorath in there.
+i loved it; the cameos, the cast, the humor, the premise, the zombie. Loved it.
+I was aware of it before, now I'm excited ^_^
+Dude that one scene with the support group which is admittedly right out of Toy Story Small Fry is full of cameos from Pac Man, Street Fighter, Mario, and House of the Dead at the least
+Holy freaking crap, Bowser and Robotnik look JUST like how they're supposed to look! I LOVE YOU FOREVER DISNEY!!!!
+Disney? Just shut up and take my money now!
+We've all been burned by hyped up video game movies before, but I think the creative minds behind Disney might just be the ones to make it work.
+I have my hopes up, again, here's to this one not sucking!
+HOLY SWEET MOTHER OF MERCY!!!!
+IT'S BOWSER! ROBOTNIC! ZENGIEFF!! And not just wink and nudge references to the characters but the ACTUAL CHARACTERS!!!!
+I FORESEE THIS BEING THE GREATEST VIDEO GAME MOVIE EVER!!!
+Damn, now i'm going to be saying "I'm gonna wreck it!" all day.
+Movie still looks great.
+Okay, between this, Bolt, Princess and the Frog, and Tangled, it's becoming obvious that Pixar is having a HELL of an effect on the House of Mouse's internal animation.
+I am there, opening day.
+Words fail to describe my feelings. I've used this before, yesterday, and although I felt I needed to use it more and more as I heard more E3 news, I'm using it here: My reaction:
+I imagine getting the cameos wasn't as hard as normal as the people at Pixar who now have a lot of power in Disney over-all are very big fans and friends to Japanese studios.
+And yes, it looks awesome.
+"I'm actually kind of amazed Nintendo signed-off on what looks like a couple of cameos - aren't they supposed to be REALLY hard to work with on that stuff?"
+Yes they are, have been ever since The Super Mario Brothers Movie Bombed.
+If I Remember Correctly Miyamoto Himself watched Scott Pilgrim before letting them use their music or sound effects. If the same thing happened here and somebody high up at nintendo read the script before signing off on it its a good indication that they thought this film was good enough for their characters.
+Actually it's not a Pixar movie, though I can see why people would think it is. Anyway, definitely has potential, if just because it's an obvious love letter to gaming. Nintendo obviously must have saw potential if they're having at least Bowser in it. (also, I kinda wish they put the real Samus in; then again she's not stereotypically gung-ho, hoo-rah like shooter protagonists are)
+This doesn't look all that interesting to me since the concepts of bad guy turning good and video games being some sort of other world are neither new or all that interesting. Although it does look at least good, but i just really hope they don't do that movie/tv logic way of depicting games.
+The video isn't loading for me, I just keep seeing a spinning white circle. Is anyone else having this issue?
+Was that the giant pink Rhinoceros from Altered Beast?
+Fucking BRILLIANT
+I'm sold. This movie seems to be absolutely filled with obscure-ish movie and game references.
+@Daniel
+I don't believe that's Shuma Gorath... I think it's just a Beholder.
+Not seeing much to get excited about story-wise (TRON is how old, now? Disney, quit ripping off your old ideas), but perfect use of the Talking Heads' "Once In A Lifetime" in the trailer.
+@Bio
+Nope, you're right. Its a Beholder. I didn't see the mouth at first.
+@Anon 4:47
+Its MSN trailers, I think it doesn't work in certain territories.
+Heres the URL to a youtube version.
+My money! Take it! ALL OF IT!!!
+Could it be that Disney's previous involvement with established video game franchises (as shown in the Kingdom Hearts series) may have taught them how to deal with pre-existing game characters? And could it be that we could be seeing rival franchises in the same movie like in Who Framed Roger Rabbit? I'm gonna go ahead and be optimistic about this one. Not even CAUTIOUSLY optimistic, either. Just plain optimistic.
+Whoever is here, please pledge! She needs your help!!!
+This is cool, but I'm left wondering where Dr. Wily went. We saw him in a leaked picture from this movie awhile back. Then again, with Capcom's vendetta against Mega Man, I'm not surprised.
+I was going to see this anyway, but BOWSER sold me.
+@SirRosser
+There's a lot of debate as to how much involvement Disney actually had with the Kingdom Hearts series, but even the most liberal estimate places it as "not a whole lot". Lots of obsessive control over how their characters and world are portrayed, but the core mechanics and anything involving video game characters is pure Square. Unless some Square characters show up, there is absolutely nothing linking these two properties.
+I'm legitimately excited for this and I usually despise video game films or films that evoke video games like Scott Pilgrim.
+This looks like a genuine love letter to games. It's not trying 'to get me' like Scott Pilgrim, but just having fun with the games we all know about. Should be good.
+The "shut up and take my money" catch-cries are fitting, given that the director Rich Moore was formerly an animation director on FUTURAMA.
+If Mario and/or Sonic don't show up in the final act, I'm gonna be... well, I'll enjoy the movie anyway, but NOT AS MUCH.
+This may just be the best videogame movie ever.
+Also, I never considered Zangief to be a bad guy. I mean, he only fights for his country.
+Moore also did a TON Of great Simpsons episodes like "Flaming Moes", "Marge vs. the Monorail", "Itchy and Scratchy the Movie", and "The Front."
+I was kind of on the fence about this one before... but now, I'm definitely sold!
+Does anyone know a site that has picked apart the references in this trailer yet?
+So, first The Avengers, and then this.
+This may be the year when filmmaking changes forever.
+If you think Disney needed to tiptoe through a minefield to get all these characters into a movie, imagine all the red tape associated with making a "Wreck-It Ralph" video game.
+Is the blue elf woman in the screencap the villain from Battletoads?
+Is that Kano sitting next to the zombie? If so, I think it's pretty ballsy for them to include a reference to a game that's had as much bad press as Mortal Kombat.
+I'm not recognizing the Blue elf lady, the yellow robot, the devil with the blue pants, or the ninja dude sitting next to the devil. Are they just from games I don't know?
+There needs to be more Ninjas in the Bad Guy group. One just doesn't seem to fit right.
+Also, it feels more like a different Pixar movie- not Toy Story... what was it, A Bug's Life? No...
+Damn, I can't think of it.
+The premise seems vaguely similar to Ratatouille, if that's what you're thinking of.
+I can't believe we actually get to see King Koopa and Dr. Robotnic in the same frame. That's just about the coolest thing in the world since Micky Mouse and Bugs Bunny were in the same frame as Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
+To bad Dr. Cortex didn't make it though. And they totally could have gotten his original voice actor, Clancy Brown, to play him.
+When I first heard about this, I was somewhat interested. Now that I've seen the trailer, this has reached "MUST WATCH!". Especially because of the cameos of Bowser and Robotnik. Also I believe it IS, patrick.b.healy. I don't know, though. Been ages since I last touched "Battletoads".
+Check out the trailer for Parker Posey's new movie, The Love Guide, coming out on DVD on June 19th! I can't wait to see it and hope everyone will check it out!
+The robot is from Cyborg Justice.
+The ninja is any mook ninja, but likely inspired by Ninja Gaiden mooks.
+Devil and blue elf lady...no idea.
+Is it just me or does the zombie guy look like Peter Boyle? Is that a reference to "Young Frankenstein," or is it just a coincidence?
+That was really nice :) Computer Games ~ Latest Softwares
+Publications
+In an ironic twist, American evangelical leaders have joined..
+In this paradigm-shifting volume, Allan C. Carlson identifies and examines four distinct cycles of strength or weakness of American family systems. This distinctly American family model includes early and nearly universal marriage, high fertility, close attention to parental responsibilities, complementary gender roles, meaningful intergenerational bonds, and relative stability. Notably, such traits distinguish the “strong” American family system from the “weak” European model (evident since 1700), which involves late marriage, a high proportion of the adult population never married, significantly lower fertility, and more divorces.
+The author shows that these cycles of strength and weakness have occurred, until recently, in remarkably consistent fifty-year swings in the United States since colonial times. The book’s chapters are organized around these 50-year time frames. There have been four family cycles of strength and decline since 1630, each one lasting about one hundred years. The author argues that fluctuations within this cyclical model derive from intellectual, economic, cultural, and religious influences, which he explores in detail, and supports with considerable evidence.
+the fundamental source of life, joy, and freedom.
+Allan Carlson and Paul Mero frankly admit that those who should have defended marriage were asleep when the full-scale assault on the family began in the 1960s. Even more seriously, most of them joined the assault by eventually adopting the very assumptions philosophical, social, and economic that have almost extinguished the family s traditional legal and social privileges. Family values is now an empty slogan for those with some nostalgic attachment to the family but who have no idea what the family really is.
+Carlson and Mero examine why the family is in crisis, the ways in which the natural family is the source of culture and freedom, and what families can do to preserve the most fundamental and wholesome relationship on earth. Assured that human nature is on their side, Carlson and Mero can be both realistic about the family s plight and relentlessly optimistic. The Natural Family: A Manifesto is a road map, especially for the young, for rebuilding a culture of freedom, joy, and love.
+"Perhaps the most succinct, thorough, and impressive pro-family argument yet made." —BOOKLIST
+Third Ways: How Bulgarian Greens, Swedish Housewives, and Beer-Swilling Englishmen Created Family Centric Economies - And Why They Disappeared religiosis—.
+The.
+The Natural Family Where It Belongs emphasizes the vital bond of the natural family to an agrarian-like household, where the “sexual” merges with the “economic” through marriage and child-rearing and where the family is defined by its material efforts. This agrarianism is alive and well in twenty-first century America and Europe. Allan C. Carlson argues that recreating a family-centered economy portends renewal of the true democracy dreamed of by Washington, Adams, and Jefferson.
+Critically well received, this paperback edition makes The Natural Family Where It Belongs available to teachers and students of twentieth century American social history and the American family system. It will also be welcomed by practitioners involved with the “new agrarian” revival of the last twenty-five years. As Carlson demonstrates, agrarian households represent the touchstones of a sustainable human future.
+Written by one of the most prestigious and respected scholars in the field, The Natural Family Where It Belongs will influence how today’s family life is viewed in America and abroad.
+This book offers a fresh interpretation of American social history, emphasizing the vital role of the family and household autonomy and the joint threats to the family imposed by industrial organization and the state. Carlson shows that the United States - rather than being "born modern" as a progressive consumerist society - was in fact founded as an agrarian society composed of independent households rooted in land, lineage and hierarchy. The book also explains how the social effects of industrialization, particularly the "great divorce" of labor from the home, has been a defining issue in American domestic life, from the 1850s to the present.
+The book critically examines five distinct strategies to restore a foundation for family life in industrial society, drawing on the insights of Frederic Leplay, Carle Zimmerman, and G. K. Chesterton and outlines the necessary basis for family life. Family survival depends on the creation of meaningful, "pre-modern" household economies. As the author explains, "both men and women are called home to relearn the deeper meaning of the ancient words, husbandry and housewifery."
+The Family in America: Searching for Social Harmony in the Industrial Age [New Edition of From Cottage to Workstation]
+This new edition includes an introduction by Allan Carlson, detailing the continued press of the industrial process onto the American family structure since initial publication of the book in 1993..
+This devastating account of the work of Gunnar and Alva Myrdal is a monumental case study in the uses and abuses of social science. It portrays how these two young scholars used the power of ideas to help engineer a new domestic order in Sweden. The book focuses on the Myrdals' unique fusion of socialism and feminism with nationalism and pro-nationalism in their joint 1934 book, Crisis in the Population Question turning the issue of Sweden's declining birthrate into "the most effective argument for a radical socialist remodeling of society." The author uses interviews with many of the figures involved and extensive archival research (including restricted materials held by Sweden's Social Democratic Party) to weave an uncommonly personal account of triumphant social engineering.
+The work of the Myrdals covered every major area of family policy and planning from a marriage loan program to maternity relief. Using theories and research of a then new science of demography, the Myrdals did not so much demonstrate the interpretation of facts and values as blur the distinction between them in order to insinuate ideological claims into policy mandates. Carlson provides careful historical documentation of social welfare and policy in Sweden, indicating the uneven path to the brave new "middle way." There was renewed emphasis on domesticity and traditionalism in the 1950s, and only in the 1980s was the Myrdal "revolution" truly completed. For Carlson that revolution was less a tribute to the Myrdals' perspicacity than to a concurrence of circumstances: weak and inconsistent data, confusion over cause and effect, and avoidance of controls in experimental settings.
+Swedish experiments in marriage and family yielded a variety of results: a triumph of feminism over socialism, of reason over tradition of, central government over regionalism of, urban multi-family dwellings over suburban single family models of, the therapeutic over the moral; and finally of the state over the family. Because the Swedish "model" is widely regarded and emulated, this critique is of immediate significance. It offers the general reader remarkable insight into the nature of Scandinavian social life; and to the specialist in demography, economy, and sociology, a perspective on how social science can become itself the problem rather than provide solutions in contemporary post-industrial life.
+The institution of marriage has become perilously weak in America. Changes in the law over the past three decades, such as the spread of no-fault divorce and broad acquiescence to cultures of divorce and intentional childlessness, have stripped traditional marriage of important legal supports. Half of all marriages end in divorce and just as many are childless. Conjugal America seeks to recapture the real purposes of marriage and the unchanging nature of this most vital and fundamental human institution.
+Confronting contemporary issues and drawing heavily on the natural and social sciences, each chapter also reaches into the past to find truths grounded in human experience. Carlson reexamines the basic bond of marriage to procreation, showing that this tie has been no less than the foundation of the unwritten sexual constitution of Western civilization. He also shows how the Gnostic heresy, which despises procreation, posed a stark danger to the early Christian movement and to "the sexual constitution" of our own time as well. He then dissects claims regarding the "evolution of marriage," showing that true marriage always represents the vital connection of the sexual with the economic.
+Carlson explores the political nature of marriage, showing why every ambitious totalitarian government seeks above all to destroy marriage, and why the true marital bond actually stands for liberty. He concludes by arguing for the necessity of marriage policy. Because both the nature of the centralizing state and the pressures of modernity have altered family circumstances, new protections and encouragements to marriage are now imperative. Conjugal America will be central to the new debate on marriage and its purposes. This book sees the current moment as an opportunity to revitalize a necessary institution that has recently been abused and neglected and reinstate it as the primary source of commitment and care in the modern world.
+How is it that the United States, long considered one of the most family-centered countries, has experienced a social upheaval of the last 50 years, amounting to an unraveling of its basic social order? And why is it that ideologues of the 1960s and the early 1970s found such common cause in their opposition to the suburban American family?
+Drawing upon evidence from the fields of history, sociology, psychology, economics, and biology, Allan Carlson offers a number of provocative explanations. He denies that the family is merely changing, and shows how recent trends in marriage, divorce, illegitimacy, and fertility are interconnected, and so pervasive as to warrant the term "crisis." He explores the relationship of the family to the American economy, emphasizing the critical importance of strong families to effective functioning of the market system, as well as the pressures that capitalism brings upon family structure. He analyzes the particular importance of gender roles and the historic "family wage" system to social stability and economic progress, and he describes the consequences of their decay. Finally, he emphasizes the fundamental ethical conflict between the family and the state, and shows how governmental efforts to preserve the family have commonly had perverse results.
+In his search for solutions to the American crisis in the family, Carlson borrows from a number of traditions. From conservatism, he adopts an unswerving commitment to natural law, and to the father-mother-child unit that constitutes the human family form. From recent feminist scholarship, he applies insights concerning the central importance of gender roles in social and economic structure and change. And from socialist and Marxist critics of the family, he gleans and critically examines the evidence of capitalism's troubled alliance with the traditional family as well as the corrosive effects on the family of the partial American commitment to the welfare state.
+BOOKS AND JOURNAL ARTICLES GIVING EXTENSIVE ATTENTION TO ALLAN CARLSON’S WORK:
+Kristina Stoeckl and Dmitry Uzalner, editors, Postsecular Conflicts: Debating Tradition in Russia and the United States (Innsbruck Austria: Innsbrucl university Press, 2020): "The Great Battles Lie Ahead: Interview with Allan Carlson."
+Julia Mourao Permoser and Kristina Stoeckl, Reforming Human Rights: The Global Network of Moral Conservative Homeschooling Activities (Innsbruck, Austria: Global Networks Partnership and John Wiley & Sons, 2020)
+Misa Durkovic, [in Serbo-Croatian] Conservative Thought in the 20th Century (Sremski Karlovci and Novi Sad: IK Zorana Stojanovica, 2019): Part IV, Chapter 3, “Allan Carlson on the Natural Family”: 535-90.
+Vitalie Sprinceana, Lila Nenescu, and Sergiu Bejenari, Religion and Society in Moldova. Case Study: World Congress of Families (Chisinau, Moldova: Platzforma, 2019): 9-59.
+Kristina Stoeckl, [in Russian] “Activism Beyond Confessional Borders: The ‘Conservative Ecumenism’ of the World Congress of Families,” State, Religion, Church 36 (2018, #4): 58-86.
+Russell Sparkes, “Distributism Rebooted: John Medaille, Wendell Berry and Allan Carlson,” Humanum: Issues in Family, Culture & Science 5 (2018).
+Dimitry Uzlaner and Kristina Stoeckl, “The Legacy of Pitirim Sorokin in the Transnational Alliances of Moral Conservatives,” Journal of Classical Sociology 17 (2017): 1-21.
+Hedvig Ekerwald, "To Build a Nation: Alva Myrdal and the Role of Family Politics in the Transformation of Sweden in the 1930's," in After the Soviet Empire: Legacies and Pathways, eds. Sven Eliaeson, Lyndmilla Haratyunyuan, and Larissa Titarenko (Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2016): 108-33. [Carlson as "foil" to Alva Myrdal.]
+John McKeown, God’s Babies: Natalism and Biblical Interpretation in Modern America (Cambridge, UK: Open Book, 2014).
+Kathryn Joyce, Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement (Boston: Beacon Press, 2009): especially chapters 11 and 18.
+Ron J. Lesthaeghe and Lisa Neidert, "The Second Demographic Transition in the United States: Exceptino or Textbook Example?" Population and Development Review 32 (December 2006): 669-98. [A text of the 'Carlson thesis' on religion and fertility.]
+Phillip Longman, The Empty Cradle: How Falling Birthrates Threaten World Prosperity and What to Do About It (New York: Basic Books, 2004).
+Don S. Browning, Marriage and Modernization: How Globalization Threatens Marriage and What to Do About It (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003).
+Doris Buss and Didi Herman, Globalizing Family Values: The Christian Right in International Politics (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003).
+Mark Powell, "The Pronatalist Undercurrent of the $500-per-child Tax Credit," Population and Environment 20 (May 1999): 455-65. [On Carlson's role in securing passage of this policy.]
+368 F.2d 768
+George Maurice HAMILTON and Barbara Jane Lawson, Appellants,
+v.
+MARYLAND CASUALTY COMPANY, Appellee.
+No. 22833.
+United States Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit.
+Nov. 17, 1966.
+William H. Roundtree, George Ritchie, Cocoa, Fla., for appellants.
+Rodney G. Ross, Maguire, Voorhis & Wells, Orlando, Fla., for appellee.
+Before BROWN, GEWIN and GOLDBERG, Circuit Judges.
+JOHN R. BROWN, Circuit Judge:
+Another of that ever-growing list1 of intramural insurance Donnybrooks which, as local disputes over the local reading of a local contract with no federal overtones, constitutional, statutory or otherwise, could better be left to local courts to resolve,2 it seems the better part of judicial wisdom to bring this to an end without postponing the evil day of decision. Guillot v. Cenac Towing Company, Inc., 5 Cir., 1966, 366 F.2d 898. Helpful as is the Florida Supreme Court reference procedure,3 especially in areas which present alternative governmental or social policy choices even though ostensibly garbed in the austere form of an insurance policy,4 we think the question here is the simple one whether the insurance contract says what it means and means what it says. Jacksonville Terminal Co. v. Florida East Coast Railway Co., 5 Cir., 1966, 363 F.2d 216, at 220. If it does-- ant we hold that it does-- the District Court was clearly correct and should be affirmed. In construing what is euphemistically called the Family Automobile Policy only one real question specifically arises: is a brother-in-law living in the same household as the sister-in-law a relative? Once that is answered the only problem remaining is whether there is any justifiable basis for disregarding the plain words of the contract.
+The facts neither complex nor conflicting can be severely capsulated. As with another family, this, too, begins in the beginning. Patterson v. Thomas, 5 Cir., 1961, 289 F.2d 108, 117 (dissenting opinion). Margie Frye, the Assured, lived in the same household with McElroy Lawson and Mrs. McElroy Lawson, the sister of Margie Frye. Barbara Jane Lawson, the daughter of the McElroy Lawsons, was obviously Miss Frye's niece. While driving her father's automobile, Barbara injured the Damage Claimant, George Hamilton. The Damage Claimant, Hamilton, not unnaturally, pursues the Insurer to secure satisfaction of the judgment he has against Barbara who as co-plaintiff and co-appellant is now aligned with her former adversary, likewise a not uncommon contemporary development dictated by selfinterest, morality, or a combination of both. See, Smoot v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 5 Cir., 1962, 299 F.2d 525; Smoot v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 5 Cir., 1964, 337 F.2d 223; Seguros Tepeyac S.A., Compania Mexicana v. Bostrom, 5 Cir., 1965, 347 F.2d 168. It highlights the significant questions to likewise capsulate the District Court's action. The District Judge held that McElroy Lawson, a brother-in-law of the Assured, was a relative. This had the effect of denying coverage under the exclusion for a non-owned automobile if owned by a relative residing in the same household with the Assured.
+This Family Automobile Policy presumably on the 1958 revised form afforded, and was intended to afford, broad and liberal coverage both as to persons known and unknown and vehicles known and unknown.5 The changes wrought by the 1963 revision are of no significance here.6 Of critical importance, the significant terms of the clauses describing the assureds such as 'relative,' 'owned automobile,' and 'non-owned automobile' were specifically defined.7 As to these the 1963 revision8 also made some changes, none significant here.
+Since the accident was caused by an automobile other than the one owned by the Assured, Aunt Margie, both as to coverage9 and the persons insured (see note 5, supra, Par. (a)(1)(2)), the result depends on whether Barbara's father's car was a 'non-owned automobile' (note 5, supra, Par. (b)(1)(2)) as the policy defines it. (Note 7, supra). It simplifies the problem to reconstruct the definition clauses into an amalgam of 'relative' and 'non-owned automobile.' It then reads:
+"Non-owned automobile' means an automobile * * * not owned by * * * either the named isured or any relative of the named insured who is a resident of the same household * * *.'
+The possible points of controversy are thus quickly and sharply reduced. The car was not owned by Aunt Margie, the named Assured. But just as positively, it was owned by Barbara's father. Equally clear, and unlike so many cases where the very vexing factual problem is whether the 'relative' is a resident of the household,10 Barbara's father was a part of this household.
+All that is left, therefore, is the question whether a brother-in-law of the named Assured is a 'relative.' And on that score we have no doubt that within the context of this broad coverage, he is so. The role of the Court is perhaps fortunately easier since the term is a neutral one in the sense that to be a relative is, on occasions, the status which affords insurance coverage, while in others the status works an exclusion of coverage.11 The sauce ought therefore to be for insurer and assured alike. In a policy which extends insurance to persons whose age, sex, physical, mental competence and moral responsibility are completely unknown and covers vehicles of unknown age, vintage, operability, mechanical condition or ownership, there is no place for a narrow reading of 'relative.' Stated in operational terms, not the legalism of wills, trusts, estates, and conveyancing, any attempt, as urged here, to read into it distinctions between affinity and consanguinity would thwart the intended breadth of the coverage as well as the reflext exclusions which are essential to prevent abuses.
+For Florida we make such an Erie alignment.12 For Florida we reject the notion that 'relative' is ambiguous.13
+There this case would end without more were it not for the contention alternatively asserted but pressed almost as the main argument that Barbara qualifies under Par. (c)(2) (note 5, supra) as a 'person * * * legally responsible for the use of * * * (2) a non-owned automobile.'
+As near as we can discern it, two arguments seem to be made. The first is that unless Par. (c)(2) is given this reading, it is superfluous and serves no need not encompassed by Par. (b)(2). The second is that the proviso clause of Par. (c)(2)-- '* * * if such automobile is not owned * * * by such person' in effect reads out the general definition of a non-owned automobile (note 7, supra) so that the only limitation is that (1) the automobile not be owned by the named assured (here Aunt Margie) and (2) that it not be owned 'by such person' (here Barbara). Amplifying this it is urged that 'owned automobile' and 'non-owned automobile' are mutually exclusive terms and the Insurer ought not to be permitted to distort simple words by the policy's special definitions.14 We find none of these arguments persuasive.
+As to the first, there are a number of functions for Par. (c)(2) not encompassed within Par. (b)(2) including a wide range of situations in which liability is imputed to a third person on familiar principles of respondeat superior, or the like,15 because of the operation of a non-owned vehicle by a relative living in the same household. In practically none of these situations could 'such person' qualify under either (a) or (b).
+As to the second, rather than detracting from the general definition the proviso clause adds a further limitation. The automobile must not only meet the general definition of one not owned by, or regularly furnished for the use of, a relative residing in the same household. Additionally it must not either be owned or hired by 'such person or organization.' This purpose seems clear from the fact that Par. (c)(2) expressly requires that the party for whom such 'other person or organization' has a legal liability must have the status of an assured under Par. (a) or (b). And with respect to Par. (b) this brings into play the composite definition of 'relative' and 'n0n-owned automobile.'
+None of the other contentions warrant any comment.
+Affirmed.
+One discerning authority and indefatigable writer describes it thus. 'The romance, such as it is, of good, bad, and indifferent, decisions on automobile coverage decisions proceeds with ever increasing acceleration. In the 21-year period from 1936 through 1956, the courts of this country reported 1,443 decisions on automobile coverage questions, averaging about 70 each year. In 8 1/2-year period from 1957 through the first six months of 1965 they decided some 2,100 such cases, averaging about 247 each year. The present rate is over 300 each year.' Risjord, 1964-1965 Highlights of Automobile Liability Insurance Law, 16 Fed.Ins.Counsel Quarterly, Winter 1965-66, p. 6 (hereinafter referred to as 'Highlights' with appropriate year)
+Judge Sobeloff recently sounds the tone of wonderment. 'This controversy between two insurers is here because of the singular fascination the federal diversity forum holds for insurance companies, even when the controlling state law question has not been clearly settled and only a state court can give an authoritative answer.' Travelers Ins. Co. v. Employers' Liability Assurance Corp., Ltd., 4 Cir., 1966, 367 F.2d 205
+Hopkins v. Lockheed Aircraft Corp., 5 Cir. 1966, 358 F.2d 347, and the certification cases there cited. See also Kaplan, Certification of Questions from Federal Appellate Courts to the Florida Supreme Court and Its Impact on the Abstention Doctrine, 16 U.Miami L.Rev. 413 (1962)
+Nowhere is this more spectacularly evident than in the diametrically conflicting readings of a uniform, simple, common standard policy clause by states separated only by imaginary political boundaries. Consider, for example, '* * * the running, ceaseless controversy over 'Who Is The Insured?' on which courts have differed and continued to divide so sharply.' Great Am. Ins. Co. v. General Acc. Fire & Life Assur. Corp., 5 Cir., 1963, 321 F.2d 948, 951. Judges, too, can be mesmerized by the easy catch phrases in the quest for the intention of the parties, only to recognize that what counts is not what the parties really intended, but what the local law spoken through its judiciary declares the parties to have meant. See American Agricultural Chem. Co. v. Tampa Armature Works, Inc., 5 Cir., 1963, 315 F.2d 856, 861 & n. 4 (concurring opinion). In construing the 'employee exclusion' of nearly all standard liability policies, it may be an ironic man-bites-dog-reversal of form that courts, long accustomed to a liberal reading of coverage and a restrictive reading of exclusions where any doubt exists, continue to deny coverage which the underwriters intended to extend, or at least those close to the heart and voice of underwriters say they intended to extend. See Risjord & Austin, Who Is 'The Insured' Revisited, 28 Ins. Counsel J. 100 (Jan.1961); Risjord, 1961 Highlights, 12 Fed.Ins.Counsel Quarterly, Spring 1962, pp. 55-56; 1962-1963 Highlights, 14 Fed.Ins.Counsel Quarterly, Spring 1964, pp. 41-44; 1964-1965 Highlights, 16 Fed.Ins.Counsel Quarterly, Winter 1965-66, pp. 33-35; Brown & Risjord, Loading and Unloading: The Conflict Between Fortuitous Adversaries, 29 Ins. Counsel J. 197, 207-11, 216. Presumably despairing that the severability clause would ultimately produce a favorable countdown, a substantial segment of the underwriting industry has solved it in the Family Automobile Policy by words which defy much judicial tinkering: "Insured' means the person against whom claim is made or suit is brought.'
+The policy had the usual Part 1 coverage A and coverage B, bodily injury, death, property damage. This extended the coverage to 'the insured.' The policy defined 'insureds' as follows:
+'Persons Insured
+'The following are insureds under Part 1:
+';
+'.'
+See Risjord & Austin, Automobile Liability Insurance Cases, Standard Provisions and Appendix, pp. 54, 57-58; see pp. 33, 34-38 for 1956 Form.
+'Persons Insured
+'The following are insureds under Part I:
+'(a) With respect to the owned automobile,
+'(1) the name.'
+Id. at 181, 184-85.
+"named insured' means the individual named in Item 1 of the declarations and also includes the spouse, if a resident of the same household;
+"insured' means a person or organization described under 'Persons Insured'; "relative' means a relative of the named insured who is a resident of the same household; "owned automobile' means a private passenger, farm or utility automobile or trailer owned by the named insured, and includes a temporary substitute automobile; "non-owned automobile' means an automobile or trailer not owned by or furnished for the regular use of either the named insured or any relative, other than a temporary substitute automobile; "private passenger automobile' means a four wheel private passenger, station wagon or jeep type automobile.'
+Id. at 58.
+The terms 'named insured,' 'insured,' 'non-owned automobile,' and 'private passenger automobile,' are identical. There is a marked change in the definition of 'owned automobile':
+"owned automobile' means
+' during the policy period or within 30 days after the date of such acquisition of his election to make this and no other policy issued by the company applicable to such automobile,; "non-owned automobile' means an automobile or trailer not owned by or furnished for the regular use of either the named insured or any relative other than a temporary substitute automobile; * * *.'
+Id. at 185-86.
+'To pay on behalf of the insured all sums which the insured shall become legally obligated to pay as damages because of: A. (bodily injury); B. (property damage); * * * arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of the owned automobile or any non-owned automobile * * *.'
+See Id. at 56.
+See, e.g., American Cas. Co. of Reading, Pa. v. Crook, 1961, S.D.W.Va., 197 F.Supp. 345, affirmed 4 Cir., 1962, 301 F.2d 846 (Risjord & Austin Case No. 2340) (hereinafter cited as R & A); Simon v. Milwaukee Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 1962, 262 Minn. 378, 115 N.W.2d 40 (R & A 2491); Hardware Mut. Cas. Co. v. Home Indem. Co., 1966, Cal.App., 50 Cal.Rptr. 508 (R & A 3866); Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Means, N.D.Okl., 1966, 255 F.Supp. 455 (R & A 3999); Doern v. Crawford, 1966, 30 Wis.2d 206, 140 N.W.2d 193 (R & A 3802); Giese v. Karstedt, 1966, 30 Wis.2d 630, 141 N.W.2d 886 (R & A 3897); Fruchtman v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 1966, 274 Minn. 54, 142 N.W.2d 299 (R & A 3905); Hardesty v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 10 Cir., 1966, 361 F.2d 176 (R & A 3955). The latter case perhaps adds some semantical wrinkles. Even in a monogamous society, a person may be a member of more than one household and under a sigle roof there may exist more than one household. At this stage for that vast 'unknown' underwriting is pure guess work except for a possible hope that for relatives as with birds (and words), those of a feather flock together. Roe v. United States, 5 Cir., 1963, 316 F.2d 617, 623
+In the first group of cases, 'relative' status either was required to obtain, or it precluded, coverage: Goens v. Arinder, 1964, 248 Miss. 806, 161 So.2d 509 (R & A 3083); Fidelity & Cas. Co. of New York v. Jackson, 4 Cir., 1961, 297 F.2d 230, reversing E.D.N.C., 194 F.Supp. 431 (R & A 2302); American Cas. Co. of Reading, Pa. v. Crook, S.D.W.Va., 1961, 197 F.Supp. 345, affirmed 4 Cir., 1962, 301 F.2d 846 (R & A 2340); Taylor v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., La.Ct.App., 1965, 171 So.2d 816 (R & A 3400), affirmed 248 La. 246, 178 So.2d 238 (R & A 3647); Simon v. Milwaukee Auto. Mut. Ins. Co., 1962, 262 Minn. 378, 115 N.W.2d 40 (R & A 2491). In these injuries to a 'relative' were excluded: Teems v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 1966, 113 Ga.App. App. 53, 147 S.E.2d 20 (R & A 3826); Fruchtman v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 1966, 274 Minn. 54, 142 N.W.2d 299 (R & A 3905)
+Mother-in-law: Fidelity & Cas. Co. of New York v. Jackson, 4 Cir., 1961, 297 F.2d 230, reversing E.D.N.C., 194 F.Supp. 431 (R & A 2302); Uncle: Vernatter v. Allstate Ins. Co., D.C.Md., 1965, 240 F.Supp. 638 (R & A 3529); Daughter-in-law: Liprie v. Michigan Millers Mut. Ins. Co., La.App., 1962, 143 So.2d 597 (R & A 2566); Stepson: cf. Randall Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Burns, 1961, 115 Ohio App. 397, 185 N.E.2d 309, 93 A.L.R.2d 1041 (R & A 2595); Pacific Ins. Co. of New York v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co., S.C., 1966, 147 S.E.2d 273 (R & A 3850); Daughter: White v. Nation-wide Mut. Ins. Co., W.D.Va., 1965, 245 F.Supp. 1 (R & A 3658)
+With this falls such cases as Indiana Lumbermen's Mut. Ins. Co. v. Passalacqua, 27 Misc.2d 405, 208 N.Y.S.2d 1006 (1960); 30 Misc.2d 626, 211 N.Y.S.2d 62 (1961) (R & A 2157); Juzefski v. Western Cas. & Sur. Co., 1959, 173 Cal.App.2d 118, 342 P.2d 928 (R & A 1850); Travelers Indem. Co. v. Pray, 6 Cir., 1953, 204 F.2d 821, affirming Pray v. Leibforth, E.D.Mich., 1952, 106 F.Supp. 613 (R & A 877)
+Here they naturally echo the dissenting opinion of Justice Cohen in Carr v. Home Indem. Co., 404 Pa. 27, 170 A.2d 588, 83 A.L.R.2d 922 (1961) (R & A 2266)
+The most spectacular are cases giving the United States the benefit of a government employee's privately acquired insurance despite the ameliorative amendments to the FTCA, 28 U.S.C.A. 2679(b)(e). See United States v. Myers, 5 Cir., 1966, 363 F.2d 615 (R & A 4045) and the extensive list of cases cited therein; also Government Employees Ins. Co. v. United States, 10 Cir., 1965, 349 F.2d 83 (R & A 3636). Other typical situations are: the employer of the named assured, Maryland Cas. Co. v. Marquette Cas. Co., La.App., 1962, 143 So.2d 249 (R & A 2565); lessee as employer of driver, Helvy v. Inland Mut. Ins. Co., 1963, 148 W.Va. 51, 132 S.E.2d 912 (R & A 2946); Heyden Newport Chem. Corp. v. Southern Gen. Ins. Co., Tex., 1965, 387 S.W.2d 22 (R & A 3417), reversing Tex.Civ.App., 1964, 376 S.W.2d 821 (R & A 3112)
+Saint Berdoodle: A Courageous and Graceful Giant Teddy Dog
+If you’re looking for a giant snuggle buddy to lay in bed with you at night, or a laid back couch-partner to lounge around with while you watch your favorite TV shows, then the Saint Berdoodle is might just be the ideal pet for you.
+This pooch represents the versatile mix between a Poodle and a Saint Bernard, and although it is quite an unusual cross, the hybrid showcases the best of what both breeds have to offer.
+However, with both individual breeds being as delightful as they are, you get the perfect giant teddy, a great guard dog, and a devoted protector of your family all in one. Ideal for any household, this puppy adapts to any kind of living situation and is a complete joy to be around.
+Table of Contents
+- What is a Saint Berdoodle?
+- Saint Berdoodle Personality & Temperament
+- Caring for A Saint Berdoodle
+- Quick Breed Summary Table
+What is a Saint Berdoodle?
+The Saint Berdoodle is the mind-blowing cross between the affectionate Poodle and the clever and sociable Saint Bernard. Being quite rare, even today, this is considered a designer breed but is not as famous as most dogs of their size.
+Also known as the Saint Berpoo or St. Berpoo, this interesting hybrid is referred to as a “gentle giant” and seems like the best all-rounder, large size pooch. Being used as a working dog from the start, these pups are now commonly found as companions owing to their extremely friendly, loving, and easy-going nature. They crave attention and are always ready for a good snuggle.
+Easy to care for, they are great for first-time dog owners and do not need a lot of exercise. With that being said, keep reading to know more about these giant wooly creatures and I guarantee this dog will steal your heart.
+Appearance
+Compared to a stuffed animal, the Saint Berdoodle is far more adorable and attractive to look at. Considered one of the fluffiest and softest breeds available today, this dog looks just like a wooly teddy bear instead of a dog. With floppy ears and brown eyes, just their appearance will make your heart melt in seconds.
+It is important to know that Saint Berdoodles mostly take after the Saint Bernard when it comes to facial appearance, however, this is minus the sagging eyes and excessive drooling along with their quite cute hanging jowls.
+Also, they may looks fluffy and plush but do not be fooled, their bodies are quite lean and muscular and they possess quite the strength and power.
+Height & Weight
+The height and weight of a Saint Berdoodle mostly depend on the size of its parents. However, these gentle giants usually weigh anywhere between 100 to 200 lbs and stand at a height of 24 to 30 inches approximately.
+Puppies that take after the Saint Bernard will be heavier so it is important to check with your breeder about the size of your dog before you decide to adopt.
+This is simply because many of those who adopt such dogs without checking how big they could get, often end up returning these adorable animals because of lack of space at home.
+Coat & Colors
+The Saint Berdoodle does not come in many colors but the most common and only varieties include white, black, brown, and red. You should also know that the Saint Berdoodle puppy is darker when born with their fur gradually turning lighter with age.
+Coming to the texture of their coats, the length of their fur also depends on which parent they take after more. This could include tight, wooly, and stringy curls of the Poodle or thick, long, and soft hair like the Saint Bernard.
+Saint Berdoodle Personality & Temperament
+Although intimidating in size, the Saint Berdoodle is anything but terrifying. Considered one of the most affectionate and social dogs you will ever come across, the Saint Berpoo is sweet-natured and devoted and their cuddly and soft appearance only adds to their charm.
+Thanks to their friendly nature, they can get along with anyone without any trouble –both humans and other animals.
+However, since this hybrid is quite rare, they are not often studied in detail. That said, you can determine their personality and temperament by looking at their parent breeds. For the most part, they’re loving, protective, loyal, and a huge snuggle-bug.
+Behavior
+As stated earlier, the Saint Berdoodle is an attention seeker and is always pushing for a quick hug or a nice belly rub. However, with that being said, they create strong bonds with their family members and need someone around at all times.
+If left alone, these dogs tend to suffer from severe separation anxiety and get stressed out and anxious when alone. Bear in mind that separation anxiety can lead to negative behavioral traits like aggression and loss of focus.
+These dogs also possess hints of hunting and watchdog traits which can sometimes be found stronger if bred from an active line. Considering that both parent breeds were bred as watchdogs, they’re not the aggressive and violent type. However, you must train and socialize your Saint Berdoodle from the start to ensure he does not develop any such traits.
+Temperament
+Even though their size might be quite daunting, their personality is calm and subdued. They adore their family members and are devoted to keeping them safe – which means they make very good guard dogs. Not the typical kind, but they will keep their family out of danger by keeping a watchful eye out.
+Being as calm and collected as they are, Saint Berdoodles are not playful or active. They are lazy and laid back and prefer napping with you rather than going for a nice run around the block. They have low energy levels but this can sometimes change with a quick outburst during which a short walk or a quick game of fetch could help.
+Is A Saint Berdoodle A Good Family Dog?
+Absolutely! The Saint Berdoodle is the ideal family dog. Known for its gentle, loving, and friendly disposition along with its love for humans, children, and other animals, this dog would make the perfect lifelong companion.
+Unlike other large-size dogs, this pooch inherits natural nanny instincts from the Saint Bernard which means you can rest assure your kids will be taken care of and given all the cuddles they can get.
+Caring for A Saint Berdoodle
+Considering the size of the Saint Berdoodle, most of you might be under the impression that this dog could be a handful to take care of – but it’s just the opposite. By most standards, these dogs do not require a lot of grooming or exercise.
+This means this dog would be ideal for those of you who have no experience with taking care of a large dog. Other than excessive amounts of attention and affection, this dog is low-maintenance in every other way.
+Having said that, the only thing to keep in mind is the fact that you would need to spend quite a lot attending to their hungry tummies on account of their impressive size.
+Exercise
+Known to be the typical couch potato, the Saint Berdoodle only needs around 60 to 80 minutes of exercise a day. This includes 1 or 2 low intensity, lazy walks around the neighborhood and you will find them tired out. Avoid long walks as this could cause exhaustion which is not good for your pup. They are not the breed that you can take out on hikes and jogs.
+Owing to their intense strength, you must take your pup on walks on the leash from the start – this is only to prevent them from dragging you on walks when they are older. Although they prefer to spend their time laying around instead of playing catch, they do have a bit of a playful side. It is necessary to keep them fit and healthy, therefore a quick game of catch or chase or a short swim would help keep them focused.
+Grooming & Shedding
+Grooming your Saint Berpoo will solely depend on the type of fur they inherit. If they possess the thick fur of the Saint Bernard then you will have to brush them down at least twice a week. However, if your Berdoodle has the tight and wooly coat of the Poodle then it is recommended that you visit your local dog groomer for haircuts. They do not shed a lot so they are great for those owners who suffer from allergies.
+You must also know these giant teddy bears are prone to dry skin, therefore one bath a month is enough to keep them clean and prevent their skin from itching and drying out.
+Another important aspect that you need to take care of is their large droopy ears. You must clean out their ears at least once every week to prevent any ear infections from developing.
+Feeding & Diet
+When it comes to feeding these adorable animals, yes their size does determine how much they eat. The Saint Berdoodle has a huge appetite and they need a lot of nutrition to keep them fit and healthy.
+They need to be fed at least 4 to 5 cups of premium quality kibble of a high-calorie count, which needs to be spread over two meals in the day. It is also important to check their weight before determining the number of cups they need daily. This could go from anywhere between 3.5 cups to 6 cups.
+Known Health Problems
+Because of their large size, the Saint Berdoodle is susceptible to a few health conditions. These include Hip dysplasia and Wobbler’s Syndrome which are the most common.
+Other diseases that could occur are ear infections, Willebrand disease, and heart problems, along with bloating. However, this breed is a very healthy mix and if taken care of properly might rarely suffer from any of the above.
+How to Train A Saint Berdoodle
+Since the Saint Berdoodle comes from two of the cleverest breeds, training this pooch is easy-breezy. Always eager to please their owners, this big breed dog is always motivated and ready to perform any task given to them. It is important to only use positive reinforcement techniques while training this dog without using any shouting or punishments. Rewarding them with praises and healthy treats is a great motivational method.
+As mentioned earlier, these dogs are very intelligent, meaning that they crave challenges and like to perform. So it is important to keep them focused and prevent them from getting bored. This can be done by playing hide and seek, catch, and fetch. You can teach them how to open doors, turn on lights, or babysit your kids too.
+They love to help around the house as long as they are rewarded well – it doesn’t always have to be treats, just a nice long hug or cuddle with all the love you can give is enough to keep them focused.
+Just like any other dog, socialization is an important aspect of the training process. Although warm and welcoming, these dogs do need early exposure to strangers and other pets to help them adapt to new situations without any trouble.
+Quick Breed Summary Table
+All Things Considered
+The Saint Berdoodle is the ideal family companion that would fit into any household. Known for their loving and sweet-nature, these gentle giants warm up to strangers, children, and other pets without any trouble. Great for first-time dog owners, these clever pooches are easy to train, eager to please, and easy to take care of.
+For those of you who are looking for a cuddling companion and someone to keep you company while you lounge around in your living room then this is the dog for you. Just know that adopting a Saint Berdoodle means you’re bringing home a big bundle of love.
+Gatherings of many various kinds exist in the world or one can say that various gatherings pursue diverse goals such as consultations to achieve worldly goals, running of a government or about academia, business, sports and recreation. These gatherings are not meant for God Almighty, for His pleasure or to attain His nearness. Their purpose is not attaining the pleasure of God Almighty. However, there are some gatherings or assemblies, which serve the purposes of the faith, which are meant for devising plans to bring mankind closer to Allah the Almighty and to seek the pleasure of Allah the Almighty.
+All gathering of believers, at home, work and the mosque should have the primary purpose of seeking the pleasure of God Almighty, improving spirituality and moral development. Even a seemingly ‘worldly’ sitting of a believer is not void of the remembrance of Allah the Almighty. Even, while performing worldly task, he refrains from all that is vain. Even if he is preoccupied with worldly tasks, he does not fail to remember God Almighty. Even in the sittings, related to worldly affairs, a believer does not speak of deceiving or usurping the rights of others, even though he may be occupied with worldly tasks. This is exactly what is expected from a believer.
+Allah the Almighty states: ‘O ye who believe! when you confer together in secret, confer not for the commission of sin and transgression and disobedience to the Messenger, but confer for the attainment of virtue and righteousness, and fear Allah unto Whom you shall all be gathered.‘
+God Almighty says, “Fear Allah, unto Whom you shall all be gathered.” On day, the world that you are chasing will escape your hands and you have already forsaken religion, you will lose everything. One of the gatherings for the consultation on worldly matters is that of the UNO. Its meeting was held in the recent days and The President of America delivered a speech. The western analysts and columnists here also wrote with regards to it stating that instead of developing peace, the speech was more prone to incite disorder and chaos. However, Muslim governments must reflect on the commands of Allah the Almighty and should refrain from every kind of disorder and chaos.
+Nevertheless, we must reflect upon and assess our own conditions also and always remember that Satan will never tolerate to see the Jama’at progress. Satan, according to his nature, will continue his endeavours to divide us. Thus, do not play in the hands of people who slyly criticise the Nizam-e-Jama’at i.e. administrative system of the Jama’at in private gatherings pretending to be voicing their opinions out of his sympathy for the Jama’at. The correct procedure is that they should bring their concerns to the attention of the higher administrative system of the country and to the Khalifa of the time. Criticising the system of the Jama’at in this manner is a sign of sin, rebellion, disobedience to the Holy Prophet (sa) and being far from righteousness. Thus, Allah the Almighty has also cautioned believers from partaking in such gatherings. Every Ahmadi should fervently supplicate that Allah the Almighty removes every evil aspect from the Jama’at and that He continues to bless the Jama’at with people, who tread on the path of righteousness and fulfil their duties with righteousness.
+Thus, everyone should remember this important matter. May Allah the Almighty protect the Jama’at from every kind of disorder, whether internal or external. May He enable us to always partake in gatherings of virtue and righteousness, rather than gatherings of sin, rebellion, disobedience to the Holy Prophet(saw) and those that lead away from righteousness.
+Mentioning the nature of the gathering of a believer and what his response should be if its standard is not befitting a believer, the Promised Messiah (as) says, “We believe, which should also be the practice of a believer, that if a person speaks then he should so clearly and openly. Otherwise, he should remain silent. If you observe that Allah and His messenger are being mocked in a gathering, you should leave that gathering lest you be counted among them. Or you should openly reply to them.” The Promised Messiah (as) says “The third option is hypocrisy, whereby one sits in a gathering and agrees with the other person and though expresses his own view but only subtly.”
+So, if a believer hears someone talk about the Jama’at in a negative manner, highlighting some perceived weaknesses, he should tell those who say such things that “If you consider all these things to be true then you should inform the Khalifa of the time and the administration of the Jama’at but it is not permissible to talk [openly] in this manner. The Holy Prophet (sa) says ‘You should attend the gatherings of such people that when you see them it reminds you of God Almighty, and their discussion increases you in religious knowledge and whose deeds remind you of the Day of Judgement.” Hence this is the guiding principal which a believer should keep in mind whilst selecting the type of gathering to sit in. One should prefer gatherings where God Almighty is being remembered and discussions about the magnificence of Allah Almighty’s religion are taking place.
+There is another type of gathering that members of the youth are involved in. They attend such gatherings on the basis of simply having fun and for their leisure activity which have a negative influence on their behavior. There are also some cases within the Jama’at where due to bad company and the influence of immoral gatherings have caused some of our young members, who upon entering their youthful years, commit such activities which become a source of disgrace for the Jama’at when people find out that the culprit is a member of the [Ahmadiyya] community. Therefore, parents should be watchful of their children’s social circle and friendships to safeguard our youth members from being in bad company. We should hold such pure gatherings in our homes that are best in terms of moral training.
+On one occasion, the Holy Prophet (sa) said “When a group of people are sitting in the mosque for the recitation of the Holy Qur’an and for the purposes of education and learning, then Allah Almighty bestows tranquility upon them and they are covered by His Mercy and angels take them under their wing.” It is the sheer Grace of Allah Almighty that wherever the Jama’at is established in the world it has the opportunity to organise gatherings such as Jalsas and Ijtemas. The purpose of such events are for moral training as well as to increase knowledge and to remember Allah Almighty and pray to Him. Those attending these events, should engage in constructive conversations and should always abstain from vain discourses and not waste their time.
+On one occasion, the Holy Prophet (sa) said that people who sit in gatherings in which there is no remembrance of God Almighty, will on the Day of Judgement regret those gatherings. In the world, today we meet and have to interact with a number of different people including non-Muslims. However, one’s close circle of friends, the people one spends most of their time with should be those who have firm faith and adhere to righteousness, so that particular individual can also increase in righteousness and piety.
+The Promised Messiah (as) continues by saying: “[God Almighty] first states: ‘O Ye who believe! Fear Allah’. This means that in the first instance one should profess belief and then after this, one should abandon sinful practices and keep in the company of the truthful. The company one keeps has a deep underlying effect on that individual’s personality.” The Promised Messiah (as) then says: “For example, if one regularly visits places where alcohol is consumed, no matter how much they abstain from it, eventually they will end up drinking alcohol.”
+Whilst further explaining the impact ones friendship and company has on an individual, the Promised Messiah (as) says: “When an individual sits in the company of one who is pious and truthful, then that individual partakes of that truthfulness. However, if one abandons the company of the pious and instead associates with the sinful and wicked, then that individual is influenced by evil thoughts. This is why the Holy Quran and Ahadith have stressed on the fact that one should abstain from the company of the evil and immoral. It is emphasised that if God Almighty or the [Holy] Prophet (sa) is being ridiculed in a certain gathering, then one should immediately leave such gatherings. Otherwise, they will also be counted amongst those who are guilty of blasphemy.”
+The Promised Messiah (as) states: “When one prays to abstain from sin, at the same time one should never forsake the measures required to achieve this. You should eschew every assembly and gathering that incites one to commit sin and also pray in this regard. Behold! Unless one has the succour of God Almighty, one can never evade those trials that are destined for him.
+In other words, it is only God Almighty Who has the remedy to cure sin. Therefore, one should prostrate before Him and seek His help so that He always protects one from the evil influences of this world and the influences of evil gatherings. The Holy Prophet (sa) would recite the following prayer when leaving a gathering: ‘O Allah! Holy is Thou and I swear in the name of Thine prayers that there is none worthy of worship except thee. I seek Thy forgiveness and turn towards Thee.’
+Thus, this prayer protects one from the ill effects from any improper statement that is uttered and enables one to derive maximum benefit from the holy gatherings. May Allah the Almighty always protect us from the onslaughts of Satan and treat us with His mercy and forgiveness. May He always keep us attached with Khilafat and the Nizam-e-Jama’at [administrative structure of the Jama’at]. May He protect us from the evil of every mischief maker.
+After the prayers, I shall offer a funeral prayer in absentia for one of our African Ahmadis, respected Bilal Abdus Salam Sahib. He lived in Philadelphia, USA and passed away on 13th September – To Allah we belong and to Him shall we return. ‘He was a very active member of the Jama’at in America. He was extremely kind, friendly and a loving person. He would always help others and would always be at the forefront in Jama’at activities. He was extremely devoted in his attachment with Khilafat. Whenever he would meet me, he would have a very distinctive smile on his face and his sincerity and devotion was evident from his eyes. May Allah the Almighty elevate his status and grant him forgiveness and enable the rest of his family members to also accept Ahmadiyyat.
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+Spread Betting
+Spread betting is different from normal betting as it is not about
+winning and losing but by how much the player/team wins or loses by. On
+this site on a weekly basis we will advise trades on golf tournaments
+when we believe the price is wrong. Please note though, with Spread
+betting the more you are right the more you win, but equally the same
+applies the other way. Therefore, as important as the tips themselves is
+the ability to understand "money management". All trades will be advised
+to a certain stake and this is done to absorb the volatility this
+concept has.
+In golf, the firms normally price up certain types of markets on a
+weekly basis, they are listed in detail below. Occasionally special bets
+will be available on any number of situations, for example how the field
+will perform on a certain famous hole like the 12th at Augusta.
+All bets will have two options, you can either "sell" / "go low" or you
+can "buy" / "go high". In most spread betting markets you sell if you
+feel the player/team will do worse than the firms believe and buy when
+you want to support them to do well. The firms realise though that most
+punters want to support, i.e. would you rather cheer on goals in
+football or runs in cricket, or want a 0-0 or a low runs score. As the
+prices are set with the intention of accepting an equal amount on both
+sides of the spread, the price will undoubtedly be set a little higher
+than what the true price should be. If you traded on cricket runs at say
+250-260 runs per inning, the most you could lose by buying is 260 if,
+albeit nearly impossible, the team is out for zero. If you sell though
+at 250, the team could score any number of runs. Spread firms
+essentially make their money by taking the spread as their profit, (the
+10 points in the example being their profit no matter what happens).
+Therefore i am sure with this quick explanation you will realise that
+most punters buy markets for both the support of action and the fact
+they know how much they can lose. It is the firms' best interests though
+to make sure that those majority of buyers do so at a poor price.
+Spread Betting on Golf: The Markets
+Finishing positions.
+We have spoken above about selling to oppose and buying to support.
+However, and this is where it gets complicated to the novice, in
+Finishing Position markets only, you do the opposite. The reason is that
+the Finishing Position is where the player finishes in the field so 1st
+is 1 and so on upwards. Please note that in these bets the firms usually
+put a ceiling of 50 on the highest position the player can finish so it
+does not become too volatile. A player will normally be quoted around
+the late 20s, early 30s (except Tiger, of course) and if you think the
+player will contend you sell, if you think he will have a poor week, you
+buy. If a player misses the cut he automatically makes up (Finishes) at
+50. This also applies to any disqualified or withdrawn players.
+Index
+Bets.
+These are "tournament within a tournament" bets. In that, only 7 or 10
+players are quoted and the winner is the player who shoots the lowest
+score of those quoted. 50 points is generally given to the winner, going
+down to 30, 20 and 10. The bottom 6 (in a 10 man field) score 0. Once
+again, you can buy or sell, depending on how you think that player will
+perform. In 7 man fields only the top 3 score, receiving 50, 25 and 10
+72
+Hole Match Bets.
+The simplest to explain. The firms will give a price on how many strokes
+one player is expected to finish above another. There is a ceiling of 25
+strokes here with the only other important rule being that if one (or
+both) players miss the cut, scores are doubled to give a four round
+total.
+18
+Hole Match Bets.
+Similar to above in that it is 1 player against another but as the
+scores will not be that far apart generally, the scoring is changed to
+10pts for the winner, and 3pts per stroke won by.
+Hotshots.
+The firms will allocate a spread to a choice of 4 players. They will
+score 25pts for being in the top 10, and get a further 25pts if they win
+the tournament. there are scoring deviations to this over different
+firms but this will be pointed out as and when we advise a trade.
+Leaderboard Index.
+This is a market like the index bets above, but includes the whole
+field. At the start only well known players will be quoted but as lesser
+known players come up the leaderboard they will be quoted between
+rounds. Usually this market is updated between rounds but in the really
+big events, like The Open, it can be traded as they play. Usually firms
+pay down to 8th place with the winner getting 60 points.
+That
+is the markets, but who are the firms. Unlike normal betting where there
+are hundreds of bookmakers vying for your business. in Spread Betting,
+there are only 5, four of which are in the UK:
+Sporting Index /
+Bet HiLo,
+IG Sport,
+Spreadex and
+Cantor Sport,
+also in Ireland there is
+SportsSpread . If you are going
+to spread bet then it is almost necessary you have accounts with all 5
+firms.
+Update:
+18th May, 2004: Today, SportsSpread closed my account as i was "winning
+too much". It is a compliment i suppose but this site always backs the
+advices given on here and we can therefore no longer advise plays at
+this bookmaker. It is of course not advisable to promote a firm that
+will close down winning accounts so for these reasons we will no longer
+advise any plays from them. (andy)
+Further Update: 10th November, 2004. In July Cantor Sport opened up the
+worlds first Spread Betting Exchange, called Cantor SpreadFair.. As of now we
+have not advised plays there purely because we felt that there was no
+guarantee that the advice advised here would be sufficiently available.
+However, as Cantor SpreadFair has taken off, and in the hope that it becomes a
+success we shall look at the price offered on SF and if it compares
+favourably with the best price with the conventional firms, and has
+sufficient liquidity, we will trade there. Like Betfair and other exchanges they take a commission on winning bets only.
+We will settle the week's results on Cantor SpreadFair bets based on the net
+result with 5% taken off, even if in the future Cantor SpreadFair start to
+allow discounts for regular customers.
+What we aim to do at Tour-Tips is to highlight bets on a weekly basis
+that we feel is value. Spread betting is about having a knowledge of
+what you are betting on but also requires a good understanding of the
+mechanics of spread betting itself. Throughout the season we will
+research the prices on a weekly basis not only advising trades before
+the event but picking up on what we believe are over (and under)
+reactions to where a player is at any given point between rounds.
+Therefore please look back regularly for any updated bets, the home page
+will show if the spreads (or the fixed/exchange bets for that matter)
+have been updated.
+European Tour plays should be on the site by around 1300 UK Time on a
+Wednesday, further round plays though are affected by where the event is
+being played. The European Tour now takes in basically the rest of the
+world without the PGA tour in the US. When it gets to the mainland
+though you will find that only the firms offering online trading will be
+able to provide ongoing trades that night as the offices will be shut,
+therefore it is best that as well as having an account with these firms
+you set up the online trading option as well.
+PGA
+Tour plays will be more regular, advised at around 1300 UK time on
+Thursdays and at similar times throughout the weekend as the tournament
+progresses. The only deviance being where in the US the particular event
+is. In east coast events, like the Masters, tee times will start before
+1300 UK time and we will react accordingly.
+Hopefully the above
+is a good guide to those unsure of how Spread Betting works and works as
+a refresher to those with a little knowledge. If anyone is unsure of any
+bet advised or just wish to ask a general question on the spreads feel
+free to email me on
+andy@tour-tips.com.
+Enter a term in the search box to find its definition.
+Use the controls in the far right panel to increase or decrease the number of terms automatically displayed (or to completely turn that feature off).
+Archives
+Climate Hustle
+Prev 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Next.
+My apologies for going off-thread.
+Thanks Bob Loblaw for your explanation of short term variations in sea level rise based upon precipitation impacted by El Ninos and La Ninas. I can see that the "levelling off" of sea level rise shown in the second Dan Bailey graph above did occur post 2015. I am assuming that this is attributed to the La Nina which followed the 2015-2106 El Nino.
+But despite my requests, I have not had any suggestions for reviewing any recent paper on what is actually happening with the WAIS.
+Here is what I said with respect to WAIS in my long blog @ 58 above:
+"As to the evidence of a retreat of WAIS, see Chapter 13 at 13.5.4.1:'Although the model used by Huybrechts et al. (2011) is in principle capable of capturing grounding line motion of marine ice sheets (see Box 13.2), low confidence is assigned to the model’s ability to capture the associated time scale and the perturbation required to initiate a retreat (Pattyn et al., 2013).'
+What this tells me is that there is a “theoretical” danger but so far we do not have any evidence of an actual retreat or the time frame over which this could occur. We cannot base our rational responses to AGW based upon theories which have not been supported with observational evidence."
+Has anyone challenged me on these statements beyond providing me with the De Conto & Pollard paper? I have asked for further references beyond De Conto & Pollard which, on my reading, is once again, theory adding MICI to MISI. Is there any paper discussing recent observational evidence of the MISI or MICI theories?
+The IPCC basically said in 2013 that the previous papers on MISI (prior to De Conto & Pollard) do not provide any time frame. Does this comment still hold valid?.
+This will be of growing concern to the 2 billion people who are sustained by the waters of glaciers on the Hindu-Kush, Himalayas and mountains of N.W. China.
+To collect the bread crumbs of the responses here, michael sweet's commnet #79 refers to several comments on the "American conservatives are still clueless..." thread, ending with this comment,
+Riduna:
+The header for the first section of Dr Sheperd's article is Global warming is just one part of climate change. All of the ensuing narrative in this section explains this statement in more detail. I see no daylight between your and Dr Sheperd's respective understandings of global warming and climate change.
+Nights warming faster than days. This is related to greenhouse warming, because of the way the atmospheres layers change at night according to phys.org here..
+Norrism:.
+I mam replying to you from here where you are posting on sea level rise but that is off topic. I followed Bob Loblaw's link here and found your post on projections of sea level rise.
+It appears that I rembered your post incorrectly. If you posted here on topic I would have been able to find your old post and would not have wasted my time. The moderators have warned you multiple times about posting off topic but you cannot be bothered to follow the site rules. Is that allowed in court?
+Apparently you estimated sea level rise for the rest of the century at 3.2 mm/yr from the IPCC report and not 1.7 mm/yr as I thought. As the data linked above proves, the rate of sea level has increased substantially since the IPCC report was written so it is no longer relevant. You must use the current rate which is estimated at between 3.8 mm/yr here by MA Rodger (a 12.5 year average so it is less than the current rate) or 4.1 mm/yr in the linked post from Tamino using Nerem's method.
+Nerem et al. give a minimum amount of sea level rise from 2005 as 65 cm, more than double your guess. You must provide a reason why you believe that the rate of sea level rise will no longer accelerate when it has been accelerating for the past 130 years. You should also justify your selection of a rate at least 20% lower than current measurements show. Remember that expert scientists predict that the acceleration will increase.
+Please post your replies here where they are on topic so that posts are not lost.
+John
+My understanding of “part of” is: as an arm is just one part of the human body, inseparable from or integral to it, as opposed to something quite separate and distinct as have tried to explain in my comment – a distinction not clearly made by Dr. Sheperd. Is the term is understood differently in the USA?.
+Citizenchallenge, yeah the evidence is in the documents. I just didn't want my comment deleted for claiming law breaking before its proven in court, as happened to me on another website recently . No other motive.
+..
+Exonn and Shell are responsible to the extent they allegedly hid information from the public, and supported deliberate campaigns of denial. The tobacco companies were sued on the same basis..
+Riduuna: Recommend that you carefully reread the entire article . Dr Sheperd is definitely not confused about the terms Global Warming and Climate Change. He adresses the distinction head-on in the first section of his article, Global warming is just one part of climate change., positive effects of climate change may include greener rainforests phytoplankton, changes in migration patterns of birds and animals, changes in seasonal periodicity, disruption to food chains and species loss..
+And funnily enough science does put the error bars on its predictions, However, as has been pointed out, you seem to advocate only on the low bar. Furthermore, action proposed is usually based on middle ground because the upper end of the uncertainty is rather unpleasant. Treating the middle ground as if it was the upper bound is not valid. Since you also tend of over-estimate the consequences of proposed action (shall we count the times since you started posting?), I dont find your position credible.
+scaddenp @ 74
+I have no idea whether they will err on the low or high side. Science I think has to acknowledge what it knows and what it does not know and policymakers have to make their decisions based upon the information at hand.
+I appreciate that uncertainty tends to discourage significant action but that does not mean that we cannot ignore the uncertainty as to just what will happen. It is always easier to take the "high ground" and not take a chance but if the costs and consequences of drastic action were not themselves so uncertain then these changes would have been done long ago. There is uncertainly every step of the way. It is easy to say yes AGW is for real but how serious and what do you do about it?
+Sorry, I probably should have stopped after the first paragraph.
+[DB] Off-topic snipped.
+From Tamino's post:
+[the data shows the sea level rate goes up and down] "Climate deniers hate that. They want you to believe that global sea level has risen at a constant rate for the last 80 years or so at least, so they can deny the danger from even faster sea level rise in the near future. Also, the rate over the last 80 years or so has been less than the rate recently, so by claiming that there’s no “real” change they can make the claim that it isn’t even rising now as fast as it really is rising now. Perhaps the most scientifically accurate description of their approach would be: “total bullshit.”
+I think that is what Tamino thinks of Curries analysis of sea level rise.
+Tamino is an expert statistician who has done a lot of work on sea level rise analysis. He is especially good at time series analysis (like sea level rise data).
+Tamino has a new post out on recent sea level changes. It focuses on the US, but has a discussion of why rates vary locally and over time. He is less than charitable on the idea that sea level has been changing at a constant rate - and that extrapolating a linear fit is appropriate.. IPCC was created in the 80s and it stands for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. That's the name that was already used back then. They pick on any argument they can.
+Is there a rate of change measurement at hand?.
+NorrisM, if you believe that climate models are faulty, then why do you believe they will err low rather than err high? Surely you dont think government policy should be guided by such biases?
+Free copy of "Testing the robustness of semi-empirical sea level projections",
+Returning to NorrisM's arguments about the unreliability of sea level rise predictions, in comment #58 and follow-ups. NorrisM has argued that there is uncertainty in the predictions, and closes comment #58 with a justification of using a linear extrapolation with the following sentence:
+"For me, I would go back to the observations and look at where the sea level has moved since 1900 and assume that it will follow along the same largely linear path that it has pretty well followed since we have kept records in tide gauges.
+NorrisM also makes the statement:
+"We cannot base our rational responses to AGW based upon theories which have not been supported with observational evidence.
+Let us examine the uncertainty issue, with particular reference to observations, and whether a linear extrapolation is justified.
+In comment 63, I linked to a RealClimate graph (linked again below) that shows historic sea level estimates from several sources. It is obvious that the different sources provide different curves, which indicates uncertainty even in the historical record. Why is there this uncertainty? Well, observing global sea level isn't as easy or obvious as one might think. We need to do a bit of digging to understand why.
+The RealClimate post linked to earlier about the IPCC Fifth Assessment results includes a link to another RealClimate post. Both posts include a reference to the following paper (which unfortunately is paywalled):
+S. Rahmstorf, M. Perrette, and M. Vermeer, "Testing the robustness of semi-empirical sea level projections", Climate Dynamics, vol. 39, pp. 861-875, 2011..
+That paper incudes a good summary paragraph (p862) about some of the adjustments that need to be made:
+"The various tide-gauge based global sea-level reconstructions differ with respect to the selection of gauges, the correction for glacial isotatic adjustment (GIA), the correction for changes in atmospheric pressure ("inverse barometer") and. most importantly, the method for aggregating worldwide tide-gauges into a synthetic global mean sea-level curve.
+The Rahmstorf et al paper also gives additional details on methodology. The second RealClimate post linked above talks specifically about the odd Jevrejeva method of weighting the tide-gauge data. I mentioned this in comment 63, quoting from the first RealClimate post. In the second RealClimate link, you can see more about why this method is odd. Note that RealClimate does not just say it's odd, they make the effort to understand the method and do some calculations to understand the impact of the methodology. In that post, they also challenge the readers to find the problem (and they do).
+This is what scientists do when faced with uncertainty: they look in detail at the different sources of information and try to determine why they are different. They don't just throw up their hands and say "I don't know". Uncertainty due to different assumptions and availability of data helps us know what we need to do better, but it does not justify ignoring everything that we do know.
+So, in spite of NorrisM's argument that we should use "observational evidence", he is basing his simple linear extrapolation on data values that represent a significant amount of theoretical understanding, analysis, and interpretation of raw tide-gauge data. So much for his rejection of the danger of sea level rise because it is "theoretical".
+Now, using those global sea level reconstructions is not necessarily bad - indeed, it is a useful exercise. But is it appropriate to use a linear extrapolation? In a word, no. I will repeat the figure that I included in comment 63:
+A linear extrapolation would be appropriate if the slope of these curves were approximately linear. They are not. Another RealClimate post talks about acceleration in sea level rise, and points out that even fitting a quadratic is problematic. Tamino has also posted on this and includes the following graph that shows how the slope of sea level varies with time:
+If sea level rise were linear, the slope would be constant. It is not. If it were quadratic (constant acceleration), the slope versus time would be linear. It is not.
+When deciding to use a particular statistic fit, the first step is to graph the data and see if the preferred equation actually resembles the data. For linear fits, I have always like the illustration given by Anscombe's Quartet. It presents four small data sets that have nearly identical simple descriptive statistics (mean X and Y, standard deviations, linear regression results), but only one of the four is suitable for linearization:
+Naive statistical extrapolation of the different global sea level reconstructions is not appropriate. The reconstructions already have "theoretical" knowledge in them, deriving a global value from scattered tide-gauge data. Extrapolating those curves into the future also requires strong theoretical understanding of how the factors that have affected historical sea level will play out in a warming world.
+The scientific literature that provides the basis for the IPCC projections has done this analysis. NorrisM has not..
+The Consensus Project Website
+THE ESCALATOR
+(free to republish)
+Live Q&A - with experts on renting and sharing from SpareRoom and Shelter
+- Moderator
+Our first question is from Ricki who asks:
+"What can I do - my landlord always asks for rent 5 days early?"
+- Shelter
+As you have a live in landlord, you will be an excluded occupier and will have very low rights. You will be liable to pay rent as per any contractual arrangement you had with your landlord. This can be difficult to identify without a written agreement, however a verbal agreement is also legally binding.
+You should negotiate with you landlord and exp that you are only liable to pay rent on the date initially agreed. Bear in mind your security in the property. Your landlord could retaliate by evicting you, and you have would have very little rights if the landlord was to do this. You can read about these rights here: Shelter: Sharing and subletting
+- SpareRoom
+It may be that the landlord is trying to ensure that they rent is with them by the due date. You could offer to set up a standing order so the rent is paid on a regular basis.
+- Moderator
+Next up is BB who asked us "I would like to know how to deal with a situation where the lodger is not cleaning her room for nearly two months. I am worried that this will cause an infestation of flies or bugs. She eats and drinks in her room and leaves the rubbish on the floor."
+- Shelter
+The starting point to this sort of problem would be to negotiate with your lodger. Its perfectly reasonable to request your lodger to keep the room clean. You could use the possibility of eviction as leverage for your negotiation. You can read about your lodger's eviction rights here:
+Shelter: Sharing and subletting
+- Moderator
+Joanna has sent us a question in advance as follows:
+"Hi - I keep one of my rooms for short-stay guests (usually one-offs of 1-7 nights). On some sites I advertise with, there is a review option that allows the guest and the host to answer a simple yes and no to a few key questions. The host 'rates' the guest for cleanliness and tidiness, communication and whether they would be welcome back as a guest.
+Would this be an idea for your site? Or has it been discussed and agreed not relevant in your case?"
+- SpareRoom
+We would have to ensure that everything submitted about an advertiser was legally correct, which unfortunately we would not be able to moderate as a classifies listings site. This is something that has been considered in the past, however, until we are able to find a way of doing this that meets all of our concerns, we will not be able to host this on our site.
+- Moderator
+Loma, a live in landlord with lodgers has asked us in advance:
+"I am aged 75 and live alone so I have had lodgers on and off for 4 years, they come and go. I have Single person 25% reduction on my Council tax if I have a part time job and more if I am not working and claiming Pension Credit.
+My lodgers have never wanted to appear on the voting register so as far as they know I am the only occupant of this house.
+Do I have to declare to the Council that I have a lodger as I am sure if I do I will have to pay more Council Tax? I would rather keep quiet but what would they do if they find out?"
+- Shelter
+You are legally responsible to let the council know if you have another non-dependent living in your property including a lodger. This would normally mean that you are not eligible for the single persons discount. If the council are made aware that there is more than one adult living in the property that does not fall into one of the exemptions (for example full time student) then you will be liable to pay the full amount. You may also be liable to pay for any period where you have not been eligible for the single persons discount. Which may mean you get lumped with a large sum of money to pay. It is best to let the local council know of your situation. If you are sent a large bill for unpaid council tax you may want to get some money advice from an organization like The Money Advice Service or National Debt Line.
+- Moderator
+Adela asks:
+"I found a hidden camera in my bedroom that my landlord had put there. He admitted it and was arrested. He is likely to be fined, but I am worried that there is nothing to stop him from doing the same thing again to another lodger. How can lodgers be sure their landlord doesn't have a criminal record for voyeurism/stalking/sex offences?"
+- Shelter
+Hi Adela, Sorry to hear about your situation. I assume you have now left the property. Unfortunately there is very little regulation on landlord in the private rented sector, especially with residential landlords. The police are best placed to deal with this situation. You could however contact your local council. Some councils are starting to have tighter control over the private rented sector and many now have rogue landlord lists. You can enquire with your councils housing department or private rented sector team to ask if they are able to help in anyway.
+- Anonymous
+This is terrible. Many local authorities are now introducing compulsory licensing schemes, which require the landlord to demonstrate he has no criminal convictions before being granted a licence. So far, this is the only way tenants can protect themselves in the UK's almost unregulated market. Hopefully soon all local authorities will have a licensing scheme, but it might take a while. Contact your local renters group for help (@wf_renters).Moderator
+Thanks for your input - although the experts from Shelter are saying your post isn't entirely correct as not all local authorities will have these schemes in place, and even where they do, they only cover very specific areas. If in doubt, check with your local authority about licensing schemes.Anonymous
+As I said, they're introducing them - not many are in place yet besides Newham and Oxford. I can think of at least 10 authorities considering it, but as I said, it might take a while. Certainly in Waltham Forest, it is being introduced next year. I've studied this for a couple of years now and I work in this field! Thanks, Waltham Forest Renters ()
+- Moderator
+Anna asks "How soon can I ask a lodger to leave?"
+- Shelter
+Because you live in the same property with your lodger, and share living accommodation with them, your lodger will be classed as an excluded occupier. This means they have limited rights. I assume your lodger rents a room and has sole access to that room. In this case they will be an excluded tenant. Your tenant is entitled to any notice period set out their written agreement. If you have no agreement, or the agreement is silent on the matter, you have to give reasonable notice. Reasonable notice is in line with the rent period. For example, if your tenant pays rent monthly, you should give them a month notice. Additionally, this notice should end on the last day of the tenancy period. e.g if the tenancy runs from the 17th to the 16th of each month, the notice needs to be one month in length, expiring on the 16th.
+You can read more about notice requirements for excluded occupiers here:
+Shelter: Sharing and subletting
+- SpareRoom
+You can ask them to leave with reasonable notice, for example, in our lodger agreement we provide on Spareroom, this is 1 month and would usually have been agreed at the start of the lodging.
+- Moderator
+Iole asks "We had rats in the flat. We called the pest control and got rid of them, but there is a hole in the kitchen and the rats keep coming back and we keep putting down the poison. I would like the landlord to take serious action instead of keeping telling us to put the poison down. And I dont think it is fair I have to pay for a room where sometimes I cannot sleep because of the horrible smell. How can I move forward?"
+- Shelter
+I would advise you to contact your councils environmental health department asap. They have a legal duty to ensure all properties are free from hazards and statutory nuisances including pests. The council should take steps to ensure the problem is eradicated. If you are not happy with how they deal with it, you can put in a formal complaint to them via their complaints process. It sounds like you may have a licensable house in multiple occupation (HMO), and this would certainly be the case if your property is in a property with 3 or more floors. Having a HMO means the council have to have tighter control over its condition. This would give you additional weight to argue the council need to do more to help you. You can read more about HMOs here: Shelter: Private Renting Agreements
+Your landlord only has a legal duty to take further action if the cause of the infestation is structural. E.g if the rats are entering the property through holes in the walls, as you say is the case. A landlord has a legal obligation to keep the structure and exterior of the property in good repair. The law states a landlord must repair any structural issue within a reasonable time period after the landlord becomes aware of the problem. If not, you could look at taking court action. You can read more about this and view some sample letters to negotiate repair here:
+- SpareRoom
+If you do not believe that your landlord is taking any action, you could contact your local council or environmental health to get this resolved for you. The landlord does have obligations to sort out this type of problem but if they refuse to do so the council may have powers to step in.
+- Moderator
+Gurmeet asked us:
+"Is there any risk if a lodger stays for several years in my house - I mean can he refuse to leave at a later stage or any other likely complications I should be aware of? I had a one year agreement which was over two years ago. I dont have any paperwork with him after the one year period. This is a good lodger, pays in time, lives clean and tidy, no nuisance at all. I am a live in landlord."
+- Shelter
+If you are a landlord that rents out one of the rooms in your home and you share facilities with your lodger, for example kitchen and bathroom they will either be and excluded licensee or an excluded tenant. The length of time that they live with you will not alter their legal status. They would be an excluded tenant if they have exclusive use of one room (if they have a lock on their room and you have not built in a clause in their agreement that they can be moved from room to room).
+If you have not set a notice period in your contract then the notice periods in common law should be adhered to.
+Excluded tenancy - the notice period is one complete period of the tenancy, for example, a week's notice for a weekly tenancy.
+Excluded licence - the landlord must give reasonable notice to leave the premises if the notice period is not set out in the licence agreement. The licensee cannot be evicted until the reasonable notice has expired. There are no set rules about what length of notice would constitute reasonable notice. It will probably depend on how long the occupier has been in the accommodation, the periods for which rent is paid, the behaviour of the parties and the availability of alternative accommodation
+- Moderator
+Suzanne has sent us this question:
+"The boiler keeps leaking and there's loads of power cuts. They have had plumbers in for days in the past 5 months since I rented and still haven't done the work suggested. The trip switch for the old electric system is in the main house as is the boiler controls and thermostat but I have the leaky boiler in my studio. It's driving me crazy and it's still not resolved. What can I do to get a rent reduction?"
+- Shelter
+Landlords have certain obligations in law to make repairs in their properties. The law states the landlord has a legal obligation to ensure any installation for the supply of heating and hot water, and for the supply of electricity is kept in good repair and good working order. The landlord must repair within a reasonable time period, and if he doesnt, you can take your landlord to court. Court action is a very last resort and you should use the threat of it in the first instance as a way to push the landlord into carrying out his repairing obligations and paying for the works. You can read more about this and find some sample letters requesting repair here: Shelter: Repairs and bad conditions
+There is no automatic right to a rent reduction, even if the landlord is in breach of repairing obligations. This has to be decided by a judge and settled in court. Many people avoid this by negotiating a rent reduction with their landlords, with the threat of legal action.
+Because you live in an annex in the landlords house, it is likely you will be seen as a basic occupier. This means that you have limited protection in law and can be evicted fairly easily. You may want to get some further advice on this before you take any further action. Unfortunately many landlords retaliate to repair disputes by evicting their tenants.
+You can read more about basic occupiers here: Shelter: Sharing and subletting
+- Moderator
+Andrew has emailed to ask:
+"I’ve given my lodger a document entitled "Assured Tenancy Agreement" because I was using an existing template. Does this mean I lose my right to give notice to the lodger to vacate within reasonable time, if there are problems? It is actually an excluded kind of tenancy – he shares communal areas with me. Can I simply add a para to say the landlord can give notice to vacate any time, 2 weeks in first month, and three weeks notice thereafter and the same goes for the lodger?"
+- SpareRoom
+In order to establish the correct notice period you would first need to establish what type of tenancy you have. I believe the Shelter Website has a Tenancy Checker which may be of help to you. Find it here: Shelter: Tenancy Checker
+- Shelter
+The type of tenancy a person has is determined by the reality of the situation, not how a tenancy agreement is titled. If a person has a live in landlord they will be an excluded occupier, not an assured shorthold tenant. They would not have the same protection in law that assured shorthold tenants have, however would have any protection that is given by the written terms in the contract.
+You state the contract gives a fixed term of 10 months, and this would be legally binding. You would not be able to evict your tenant before the 10month fixed term has come to an end. You would not be able to change those terms unless your lodger agrees to do so.
+Essentially, the title of the tenancy is not valid, however the terms placed within the contract will be legally binding.
+- Moderator
+Anon asks:
+"I live in a 8-bedroom 2-storey share house and was wondering what the legal minimum would be for the number of kitchens and showers per tenant? Currently 8 rooms are using one shower on the first floor because the one on the 2nd floor has been out of use for years. Also 6 people are using one kitchen on the 1st floor. What is the ratio of kitchens/bathrooms to tenants in a shared house?"
+- Shelter
+The property you describe is a HMO (House in multiple occupation). You can read more about HMO’s here: Shelter: Private Renting Agreements
+The law states:
+Where there are five or more occupiers sharing a bathroom and toilet facilities there must be —.
+-One separate toilet with wash hand basin with appropriate splash back for every five sharing occupiers; and.
+- at least one bathroom (which may contain a toilet) with a fixed bath or shower for every five sharing occupiers
+In terms of kitchen facilities, there is nothing in the law to state there must be more than one kitchen, however that the kitchen facilities must be adequately sized with adequate facilities.
+If you are unsure whether the facilities are adequate, I would advise you to contact the council’s environmental health department. The council may decide your property should be licensed in which case the landlord would be subject to tighter control.
+- Anonymous
+As a responsible landlord who does my best to make the house and flat comfortable for tenants, I am always surprised that it seems so difficult to offer rooms, when available, to people through Shelter or the local council. I have often informally helped people down on their luck but there does seem to be a gap in communication sometimes which is a pity. Any comments? Thanks
+- Moderator
+Thanks for your comment - we'll take it on board but this is more of a policy issue than a helpline issue. Please get in contact with Shelter's supporter helpdesk who can help you further. We'd like to focus on helping people with renting issues tonight if we can.
+- Moderator
+Keep your questions coming! Amber asks:
+"I rented a room from February. The contract was coming to an end at the end of August and the private landlord handed it over to an agency. As I could not move out earlier due to the changeover I got a sublet for the month of August. The landlord knew about this and said it was fine.
+At the end of the tenancy I asked about the return of the deposit and received no reply until a week into September, the day before the new tenants were going to move in saying the room was left with an awful smell the carpet would need replacing at my expense to get rid of the 'smell'. She also said the mattress was left in a bad condition and needed replacing. When I asked to see what she was talking about and chat face to face she stated she was too busy!
+Is she allowed to do this? The carpet was old and worn already. The boiler was also in the room and I have heard these can cause weird smells.
+Please can you help?"
+- Shelter
+Hi Amber,
+It sounds like you had a sole tenancy for your room, and that the deposit is protected in your name individually. The deposit is your money and should be returned to you in full unless the following apply:
+- The landlord has suffered financial loss, and
+- It is reasonable for him/her to withhold the money
+For example, if you’ve broken a window, it may be reasonable for the landlord to withhold the cost of repairing it. The property should be left in a similar condition to the day of let, however it isn’t reasonable for a landlord to withhold money to cover wear and tear caused by normal use of the property.
+You will find further information about when a landlord can withhold deposits here: Shelter: Tenancy Deposits
+If the carpet was in a poor state when you moved in, it is unreasonable for the landlord to charge you for this. The same goes for the mattress - if the mattress is worn just because of normal use, this is likely to be viewed as wear and tear. You state your deposit is protected. You can ask the deposit scheme to offer you ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution). ADR allows you to resolve the deposit dispute without going to court. The scheme would want to see evidence that it’s reasonable for the landlord to keep your deposit. You would be able to find more about ADR by looking on your schemes website.
+- Moderator
+Anonymous asked us "One of my flatmates started stealing from me and I reported this to the (live out) landlord, who said if it happened again hed be given notice. It happened 4 or 5 times more and nothing was done. He then said it was my responsibility to keep my goods safe from theft. Is this correct? "
+- SpareRoom
+Unfortunately we believe that there is not much your landlord can do at this stage, however, as there has been a theft, we would recommend reporting this to the police. If the police do become involved, your landlord may want to become involved at this point.
+- Shelter you may have tried, and speaking to your landlord. Usually a threat of eviction is enough to resolve these issues. You may want to speak to your landlord again to see if they are willing to take further action.You could also consider speaking to the police, as theft is essentially a criminal matter.
+- Anonymous
+As a live-out landlord, do I need to give my tenants a rent book? I used to but as they all pay direct by standing order or by bank transfer I don't see them to sign any rent book, so now I email them a screenshot receipt of the payment as soon as it credits my bank. Is this ok? Thanks
+- SpareRoom
+Yes this should be fine. There is a record of the transfer in both bank accounts and your screen shot would confirm receipt of the funds.
+- Anonymous
+Hi Where do I look for the answer to the question I sent in early?
+- Moderator
+Hi, we are posting them into the event as we go, so keep an eye out for it.
+- Anonymous
+Thinking about subletting 2 rooms in the flat I am the leaseholder on. Do I need to get the landlords permission?
+- SpareRoom
+Yes you would need to have the landlord's permission. We'd suggest getting this in writing to avoid any future issues.Anonymous
+thought so - thanks!
+- Moderator
+Caroline asks:
+"Hi – I’ve been living for 11 years in a large but quite rundown property (9 tenants). We changed landlords recently due to illness (in the same property company) but the new landlord although we’ve dealt with her before is quite complacent. We were burgled twice, and the 2nd break in was completely preventable as security measures she’d agreed to hadn’t been installed. There was an issue with the water running out at weekends which got progressively worse over 6 months and although she was informed, it wasn’t looked at until the hot water tank had to be replaced (also delayed) and the plumber investigated the problem.
+All bills including household items are included in the rent – except broadband/wifi. She advised she was going to install this last year but it hasn’t been done, and as a result I did not take up reduced offer on my own broadband contract and have paid more over the last year and have service issues.
+A tenant moved out recently and the landlord turned up at the property on Sunday unannounced, engaging one of the new tenants to show several people round for viewings she’d arranged. I found this inconsiderate, especially since when we were burgled it took her 4 days to even come round and inspect the damage, and despite informing her several times of the water issue she never once responded, let alone came round on a weekend when the problem was occurring.
+The cold water tank was found to have an asbestos cover, there’s also a very old fusebox for my storage heater (the rooms in the top of the house don’t have CH). The kitchen cooker was found to be unsafe but it took nearly 6 months for it to be replaced – the plumbing and storage heaters are old so I wouldn’t be surprised if they’re breaking environmental standards.
+Do the tenants have any legal redress re the above?"
+- Shelter
+Hi Caroline,
+You have a lot of issues going on here with your landlord, and certainly have legal rights with these problems. However its going to be difficult for me to address all of these issues sufficiently in this Q&A session. It would be a very good idea for you to call the Shelter Helpline to speak to a specialist adviser who can address each of these issues. You can find the contact number and opening times here: Shelter: Opening Times
+- Moderator
+Kate has written in to ask:
+"Does a Mon- Friday lodger pay for days/nights when not in residence (i.e. Christmas, Bank Holidays and if ill )"
+- Shelter
+This will really depend on the lodger agreement and what it states. If there is no exception for bank holidays and if ill then it is likely that the lodger will still be liable for these days. Conversely this means that the lodger is entitled to stay there on these days. If there is any doubt you can have your local Citizens Advice Bureau check out the agreement
+- Moderator
+Dave N wrote in to say :
+"I had a possible future tenant, who offered half a months rent to reserve the room. Due to that process I informed others that the room was taken.
+The same person inspected the room at a later date, but due to the location of the room facing a cemetery chose not to take the room.
+Can I pursue the payment from her and if so how many months rent can I claim from her, my minimum rental is 3 months"
+- Shelter
+Hi Dave,
+This would depend on what was agreed with your prospective tenant, and the terms and conditions set out in the written contract. It sounds like the contract was clear that the money paid was a holding deposit, in which case it is reasonable to withhold the half months rent. If the client had agreed to pay rent for a full 3 month fixed term, you could argue she is liable for this payment. However the wording of the contract will determine whether your tenant has a legal responsibility to pay rent regardless of accepting the tenancy or not.
+If you took this person to court to argue the money is due, the judge will consider what she has contractually agreed to by signing the contract, but also the fact you took a holding deposit. The judge may argue this is sufficient to cover you from loss of the prospective tenant pulling out, and is likely to consider whether the room can be easily re-let. Unfortunately it can be very difficult to give a definite answer to these sorts of questions, as ultimately it would be up to a judge to decide.
+- Moderator
+Alex writes:
+"My landlord has sold the flat I am renting. I have been given 2 months notice to quit by the letting agents. They are holding my deposit. The flat has been sold to a young couple who are going to live in it. As the only contract is between myself and the landlord, am I legally bound in any other ways to abide by any clauses from that contract. Can any of my deposit be withheld if the carpets are not professionally cleaned, for example."
+- Shelter
+Despite being given notice your tenancy has not come to an end. You cannot be legally evicted without the landlord providing you the correct notice and if you have not left by the end of the notice taking you to court to get possession back. It might be a good idea to get a local Citizens Advice Bureau or Council to check that your notice is valid. If you choose to stay past the end of the notice and your landlord has to go to court to evict you, you may be liable for any costs s/he has incurred doing this. Only a court appointed bailiff can legally evict you.
+The terms of the contract are still valid and binding despite the landlord serving notice on you. This means you are still obliged to adhere to the terms of the contract. Like pay the rent and behave in a tenant like manner. If the tenancy agreement specifically states that you need to get the carpets cleaned and you do not then the landlord may legally withhold your deposit for the amount that it costs to professionally clean the carpet.
+It may be a good idea to check if your deposit has been protected and that you have had prescribed information served to you within the first 30 days of you paying this. If he has not he could be liable to pay you compensation. You can find more information on this here. Shelter: Tenancy Deposits
+If he has protected your deposit and you do not agree with the deductions you can raise a dispute with the deposit schemes alternative dispute resolutions service (ADR). The landlord has to agree to enter into this. They will then make a decision as to whether the landlord can make the deductions they are trying too.
+If the landlord refuses to enter into ADR then you can make a small claim for the amount that is in dispute. You can make this at your county court. You will find more information on how to do this and the process you have to follow on the link above.
+You must be aware that there is a cost involved in making a small claim, the amount depends on the value of your claim. You local court can provide you details of these amounts. If you win you can ask the judge to award these costs back to you.
+- Moderator
+Abi has asked us:
+"I work abroad but i want to rent my second room out.
+I am concerned that a lodger would rack up a big heating bill while Im away. (The flat is quite big and Harrogate is a cold place!) I don't want to change the meter to a coin meter because i come back during the holidays.
+Secondly I don't really know how to ask a lodger to leave?"
+- SpareRoom
+You could write into your contract something about fair usage so they are aware of being careful with the heating in your absence. If they use more than a fair amount, they will be responsible for paying the extra.
+Most lodger agreements require reasonable notice , the one Spareroom provides states that the notice is one month for either party.
+- Anonymous
+Is refuse collection covered in council tax? New to London.
+- Moderator
+Yes, that's what you pay the council for. As well as street lighting and fire engines and all the rest of the local services.
+- Shelter
+Refuse collection is usually covered under your council tax bill along with other services including Police and Fire Services. You can check with your local council who should be able to give you a breakdown of what you are paying for.
+- Moderator
+Ange asks:
+"If the boiler is deemed not fit for purpose, recommend replacement from last boiler inspection, yet still passed, does the landlord have a legal obligation to replace it?
+Its not a combi boiler and takes 20 mins to heat up water, or will burn gas continuously if left on. I live in a self-contained studio flat on my own and find the ageing boiler a pain, as if left on my gas bills are astronomical, and if left off I obviously have no hot water."
+- Shelter
+Hi Ange,
+A landlord is legally responsible to keep any installation for the supply of heating and hot water in good repair and good working order. If the boiler is in disrepair the landlord therefore has to fix it, and has to do so within a reasonable time period. If the landlord does not, you can take your landlord to court.
+It sounds like your boiler has only been recommended for improvement and not repair. Landlords are not under any legal obligation to carry out improvements, and this can only be negotiated. It can however sometimes be difficult to distinguish between improvement and repair, and you perhaps need some further advice from a gas engineer to establish whether your boiler is broken. If you do feel it is an issue of disrepair, you will find this page on landlord repairing obligations useful. It also has links to sample letters: Shelter: Repairs and bad conditions
+You may want to see if you qualify for a boiler replacement scheme - this may be likely if you are on a low income. You can make enquiries with the British Gas energy trust: 0800 294 0207
+- Moderator
+Zohreh asks
+"Please could you advise if I use a lodgers agreement if I still have to provide deposit protection for the tenants - for example on my deposits?"
+- Shelter
+It is difficult to determine your exact situation from the information you have given us.
+If you live in the same converted building as your tenants it may be that they are considered occupiers with basic protection. If this is the case then there is no requirement to protect their deposit in a government approved scheme.
+If your annex is considered a separate dwelling and is not part of the same building then despite your office being in the building they may be Assured Short hold Tenants (AST). In which case you are legally obliged to protect their deposits.
+The title of their contract is not important as an AST can exist without a written tenancy. Legally the tenants security of tenure is determined by what is happening in practice. There are certain legal requirements that, if fulfilled, mean that the tenant will be an AST despite the wording of the contract or the intention of parties involved.
+As it is so difficult to determine over the internet what type of agreement is in place. I would suggest that you get your situation checked out, face to face by a case work service in your area like a Citizens Advice Bureau, Law Centre, or speak to a solicitor. If your tenants have ASTs and their deposits have not been protected you could be liable for hefty financial penalties so it would be best to be sure.Moderator
+In general if you're living in the same building as the lodgers, then deposit protection rules don't apply. You can choose to protect the deposit for peace of mind in case of dispute. More info here: SpareRoom: info for landlords - tenancy deposit scheme
+- Moderator
+Zohreh - the answer depends on whether you are technically living in the property with your lodgers. If they are living in a separate building it can be quite complex.
+- Moderator
+Lucy has written in to ask:
+"I am relocating outside of London and need to cover the costs on my 2 bedroom flat.
+It is a shared ownership flat with a housing association so not sure legally where I stand with letting it out.
+I would need to leave bits of furniture with some of my personal belongings as I dont have room to take them with me.
+Would it be an idea to let out one room and put personal belonging in the spare room.?
+What would you adviseIm looking for the best and quickest option to safeguard my property and belongings and cover cost of rent and mortgage etc."
+- SpareRoom.
+- Anonymous
+My landlord is looking to increase the rent by 22% - do I just have to take it or leave it? Any options? Seems a little excessive.
+- SpareRoom
+You may like to try and negotiate this with your landlord and if you have been renting with them for a while, they may be happy to meet you half way to keep a good tenant, rather than face the prospect of having to start over. If they do choose to enforce this however, there is little that you will be able to do.
+- Shelter
+Rents in the private rented sector are not regulated. Landlords can essentially charge what they want, and most landlords are influenced by market forces. However there are certain restrictions as to when and how a landlord can increase rent. If you have a fixed term contract, see what it states about rent increases. If you have a periodic (rolling) contract, you are bound by the rent set out in your last signed contract and the landlord can only increase the rent by serving you with a one month notice of rent increase. This is on a legal form called a Section 13 notice of rent increase.
+Most landlords increase rent by asking tenants to sign new contracts. If you do so, you will be bound to that payment. You will need to try to negotiate the increase down.
+You can read more about rent increases here:
+Shelter: Private Renting cost of renting
+The risk is that if you do not agree, the landlord may retaliate by evicting you. You can read about your eviction rights here: Shelter: Private Renting cost of renting
+- Anonymous
+Worried that I am not going to get my deposit back. What is acceptable wear and tear in a 12 month contract?
+- SpareRoom
+It may come down to opinions and so it is always wise to have an inventory when you move in and complete this again when you leave. If both tenant and landlord can do this together and agree the condition of items this should help you reach a mutual opinion of what wear and tear is.Anonymous
+It is a legal requirement that the landlord puts your deposit in a third party deposit protection scheme. Adjudication on 'wear and tear' is done by the independent third party at the end of your tenancy - it is NOT down to the tenant and landlord to agree and I'm shocked that someone at SpareRoom would suggest it is. If your landlord has not put your deposit in a government-backed deposit protection scheme, you can apply to a court and you could win three times the amount of the deposit. But watch out for the sneaky trick, where they protect the deposit the day before the court hearing!Moderator
+There's no legal requirement for live in landlords to protect deposits, as things stand. Deposits have to be protected if you have an AST, within 30 days of the contract being signed so the last suggestion wouldn't be applicable.
+- Shelter
+It is difficult to provide an extensive list of what constitutes as reasonable wear and tear. It depends on a lot of different factors. A barely visible mark on a wall might be considered fair wear and tear where is a gouge in the plaster may be considered as damage. Which could be deducted from your deposit. On a practical note one way of protecting yourself is making a note of any damage present before moving in and taking photos and doing the same when you leave so you have evidence if you need to demonstrate you left the property in a reasonable state. You can read more about getting your deposits on our website here: Shelter: Tenancy Deposits - getting your deposit back
+- Anonymous and how roughly much of rent can we as couple of tenants claim on landlady who left us with no hot water from end of Dec until Jun?
+3. Can we claim any compensation for same problem plus her bullying with we have in emails! so easy to prove
+thank you very much
+Petr
+- Moderator
+Sorry we weren't able to get an answer to you in the time. We have your email address and will respond to you shortly.
+- Moderator
+We had an Anonymous question as follows:
+"I suffer with sleep disorders, headaches and upset stomach (all stress induced and aggravated). I survive on a self employed basis in privately rented accommodation.
+My present landlady is obsessive about her rules, refuses to do repairs (fridge door, the kitchen sink tap and gas hob knob all faulty). She tried withholding mail but has since been dissuaded, although she has given me notice to quit for insisting on a room key and key to the mailbox.
+She is a live in landlady. Her English isn't great. She can't- or won't - understand that delivered mail that is tampered with and threatening to withhold mail are serious matters. I sometimes take possession of quasi-legal documents for work, which must be secured. My having to leave my room unlocked in the presence of 'her friend' doing repairs is utterly unacceptable
+To whom should I complain? What remedies are available? What penalties can be imposed?"
+- Shelter
+It can be very difficult to deal with these sorts of problems when you have a residential landlord. It seems your landlords behavior is unreasonable, however it can be very difficult to force a person to change their behavior. Some of the problems you describe however could constitute harassment. Your landlord should not be opening your post for example. You could contact your local tenancy relations service, which should be located within your local council. Such services are sometimes called private rented sector teams. Tenancy relations officers are specialised to deal with landlord harassment, however I must warn you that often they can be reluctant to get involved with residential landlords. You may also wish to speak to the police as harassment is essentially a criminal matter.
+All landlords have certain responsibility to make repairs in their properties. You can read about landlords repairing obligations and view some sample letters for negotiation here:
+Shelter: Repairs and bad conditions
+- Anonymous
+A landlady/lord entering your home without your permission is trespassing, and possibly harrassment. Report it to your local council, who have a duty to intervene when landlords break the law
+- Anonymous
+I just moved to the UK. I own my own property in Spain. I never rented before. Landlords seem to be looking for a lot of references. Any other options to prove that I am trustworthy? Really don't want to get my employer involved.
+- SpareRoom
+Landlords often ask for different things in terms of references and so it is worth asking each one individually. A landlord may want to know how you are going to pay your rent and so a providing them with a reference from a new employer which shows you are going to be employed on a permanent contract with a regular income, may be enough to satisfy them. In terms of an identity check Spareroom provide a tenant reference service. You could suggest to the landlord that they contact us in relation to an international passport check. More details about tenant referencing here: SpareRoom: info for landlords - tenant referencing
+- Anonymous
+Sorry, but I'm facing the problem for 2 weeks now:
+I'd like to set up new photography company as a sole trader, I, obviously, need a correspondence address as I'm not planning to welcome and meet with clients in a rented house. Despite a clause in my contract, that I'm not allowed to use the premises as a business/company office, my landlord is keen to help me but he's worried about consequences (like paperwork from council, new tax, changing type of premises etc...).
+Can you advise me, is it possible, and allowed by the law, to register rented house address for correspondence purposes as sole trader?
+Thank You in advance
+- Moderator
+Shelter are struggling to answer this as it's not a pure housing question. They would recommend you contacting the Federation of Small Business who may have more experience in this area. In general it's a clause that's intended to prevent people setting up large manufacturing bases in the living room, which is obviously not what's happening in your case. Check with them.
+- Moderator
+Sarah's very stressed about this issue and would welcome some advice:
+"After discovering a problem with the floorboards in one bedroom, the issue has escalated to the whole flat needing to be re-floored with joists needing replacing due to an ongoing plumbing problem that wasnt spotted till now.
+We are being temporarily rehoused by the landlord but this is very inconvenient and we wont have wi-fi access.
+Hes suggested we wont have to pay rent for the period that were out of the flat, but are we entitled to any other compensation as well almost certainly be out of pocket and its all very stressful too."
+- Moderator
+Answer from Joanna at Shelter:
+Hi Sarah,
+Unfortunately there is no automatic right to claim compensation for disrepair. The law states a landlord is responsible for keeping the structure and exterior of the property in good repair, and that the landlord has to act within a reasonable time period. The landlord is not under any legal obligation to provide alternative accommodation even if a property is rendered uninhabitable, and is not under any legal obligation to pay compensation. This does not mean however that it is not reasonable to request compensation, and many people do. Ultimately if you cannot negotiate a payment of compensation from the landlord, you would have to take it to court and ask a judge to decide. This can be complicated and expensive, and therefore ensure you exhaust all other options beforehand. A threat of court action can sometimes push a landlord into agreeing compensation. Be aware of your eviction rights though, some landlords can retaliate to disputes by ending the tenancy.
+You can read more about eviction rights here: Shelter: Eviction - eviction of private tenants
+- Moderator
+We're posting up some additional questions we didn't have time to answer during the event. Here's one from James:
+"When a lodger has given notice to leave, how do I prevent them from using their deposit to pay their last month's rent and not making the last month's rental payment?"
+- Shelter
+Shelter responded: "Hi James, unfortunately there is little that you can do to stop a lodger from doing this. Your lodger will have a legal obligation to pay the last months rent as normal and you can negotiate this with them by explaining they will be in breach of contract if they fail to do so. The purpose of the deposit is to secure against any loss, including rent arrears. Therefore your lodger may not actually owe you any rent once the tenancy comes to an end, if the deposit is available for you to use."
+- Moderator
+Lee wrote in to ask:
+"In April 2012, I vacated a House share after living there for 4 and half years, as the Landlady terminated the agreement. Now, two years later she still hasn't paid me my £500 security deposit back!!
+She refused to speak to me when I questioned as to why. She sent me various emails including a list of items which she said had to replace such as the cooker and carpets which were there prior to me moving in.
+I have also found out since that the deposit was never put in a trust fund, and that she also made people sign the wrong contract. Instead of signing a shorthold tenancy agreement she got people to sign a houseshare agreement which I later found out was for tenants and landlords living in the same house, I lived with 3 other tenants who also had money taken from their security deposits. Can you help me to get my deposit back?"
+- Shelter
+Shelter answered: "The type of tenancy you have is dependent upon the reality of the situation, not what a landlord puts on paper. Most people who have non-residential landlord are assured shorthold tenants. You can read about assured shorthold tenancies here: Shelter: Private Renting Agreements
+Landlords of assured shorthold tenancies have a legal obligation to protect deposits in one of three government schemes. The landlord should have done this within 30 days of you paying the deposit and should have given you information and a copy of the protection certificate also within 30 days. Unfortunately because your deposit is protected, you cannot use the schemes dispute services. The only way you can force the landlord to repay the money is by taking her to court. Assured shorthold tenants are legally entitled to compensation of at least one times the amount and up to three times the amount of the deposit, alongside your deposit if there are no arrears and no damage to the property. Most people take this sort of action without the help of a solicitor, and you can read more about this process here: Shelter: Tenancy Deposits - getting your deposit back "
+- Moderator
+Susan queried
+"In the last month or so, one of my flatmates has decided to help himself to my food from cupboards and fridge and also other products in kitchen and shared bathroom. The bathroom is shared by myself and him, so I know it can only be him using these. I have asked him twice now to refrain, and that whilst the space is communal, my food and products are not.
+He sees it that he does not have to help clean any part of the flat, and leaves a trail of mess behind him. We have all had a conversation about respecting each other in the flat and keeping it clean for others, but it seems to be falling on deaf ears.
+I dont want to single him out as it might make the flat uncomfortable, but I would appreciate any help offered to try and help get him to see how rude this behaviour is towards other flatmates?"
+- Shelter
+SpareRoom says: "Hi Susan, I appreciated you have tried, and speaking to your landlord. As your landlord is your friend, they may be willing to speak to the housemate and request the behavior to stop."
+- Moderator
+Karolina asked us:
+"I'm renting a house and the shower doesn't work at all. The light in the kitchen doesn't work either and needs a special person to fix it. My landlord said he is going to do it and every week we hear its going be next week. He doesn't want to give us a date when someone is coming to fix this problem. How can I act on this matter and make sure he will do it?"
+- shelter
+Shelter responds: "Hi Karolina,
+Landlords have certain obligations in law to make repairs in their properties. The law states the landlord has a legally obligation to keep any installation for the supply of water and sanitation in good working order, and also any installation for the supply of electricity. This does not extend to fixtures and fittings. If the problems are due to plumbing or an electrical fault then the landlord must repair within a reasonable time period, and if he doesnt, you can take your landlord to court. You can read more about this and find some sample letters requesting repair here: Shelter: Repairs and bad conditions
+If the cause of the problem is with the actual shower or light fitting, the landlord will not have a legal obligation to repair. However you negotiate that it is reasonable for the landlord to repair quickly, you would just need to get the landlord to agree. You may want to see if your local council has a private rented sector department who would be willing to negotiate on your behalf."
+- Moderator
+Di asked:
+"Our sons deposit was paid by my husband and this is noted on the protection certificate. The landlord returned the deposit to our son directly minus quite a large sum for re-decorating due to him using white tack on walls. Our son says he had forgotten that we paid the deposit and we were not involved in the discussion re: return of deposit. I dont think he was aware that he could contest it. Is it too late to get more of it back?"
+- Shelter
+It sounds like your sons deposit was protected in one of the government schemes. The schemes offer a dispute service called Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The schemes can offer ADR if there is a dispute between landlord and tenant in regard to the return of the deposit. It is highly unlikely that the schemes would be able to offer ADR on the basis your son has agreed to the deductions. Regardless of your husband paying the deposit, decisions about the deposit are legally viewed between the landlord and tenant. You may want to make enquiries with the protection scheme on behalf of your son, however it is most likely your son would need to start a small claim against the landlord in the small claims court. This is a matter of last resort and negotiation with the landlord initially is important. You should explain why you disagree with the amount withheld and ask the landlord to reconsider.
+- Moderator
+Jason asks:
+"As a live in landlord, why am I being taxed if I want to let a room in my house (£450) per month.
+As a landlord of a property I don’t live in, can I demand that the carpets are dry cleaned on termination of letting with a standard AST?
+Can I remove the dishwasher from the house should it stop working or do I have to replace it (live out landlord, standard AST)?"
+- Shelter
+Regarding tax, if you let a room in your own home and it is furnished, you should not pay tax on the first £4250 per year. This is if you use the Rent a Room Scheme. However if you have large amounts of expenses you wish to claim, you may wish to submit a tax return as this might be better for you - more details in our guide to the Rent a Room scheme here:
+Regarding the cleaning and the dishwasher repair, Shelter advisors have answered your query as follows:
+A tenant is only responsible for specific damage, and not wear and tear. The property should be left in a similar condition to the day of let, minus wear and tear. Standard cleaning charges are often looked at unfavorably by judges and representatives during deposit disputes. Charges should always be reasonable and the office of fair trading object to tenancy clauses which subject a tenant to cleaning charges if cleaning is not necessary. A clause in the contract that cleaning will be required if the carpets are damaged by the tenants would be reasonable.
+A landlord is not obligated to repair or replace white goods unless stipulated in the contract or otherwise agreed. You should check the wording of the agreement you have given your tenants to see whether you have any contractual obligations. If you have let the property with white goods specifically included, it is often deemed reasonable for landlords to repair and replace such goods.
+- Moderator
+Christina asked:
+"I have a few questions relating to the rental of a property via an agency
+1) They are not disclosing the name of the landlord in the documents. Is this legal?
+2) At the last minute, having signed AST and taken the deposit, they said the property isnt available because existing tenants refuse to move out. They have finally offered alternative accommodation in the meantime but we would incur additional expenses in order to move twice. Do we have any rights to expect them to contribute towards our moving costs?
+3) They didnt let us know about the previous tenants not vacating until 1 day before the end of the previous contract. Their code of conduct states in this case they have to notify the client landlord as soon as practicable. There is no mention of notifying the new tenants. What are our rights with regards to this?
+4) We will pay the same rent for 2 tiny studios and no living room or separate bedrooms as wed be paying for a 3 bed flat with a living room, two bathrooms and a separate kitchen - is this legal?
+5) We signed the AST on 27th Aug but havent received our 8 digit ID number for the deposit protection scheme. The website has no record of our names or address. They have to give us this info within 30 days of the contract date, is that correct?"
+- Shelter
+Shelter answered as follows:
+Hi Christina,
+1. A tenant is entitled to the name and address of their landlord. A tenant can request this in writing to their agent, and the agent must respond with a written statement of the details within 21 days. This only applies to tenants, and so unfortunately this law is difficult to enforce until a tenancy has commence. You can search for the owner of the property on the land registry:
+2. You could argue breach of contract here. The tenancy does not begin until you move into the property, but you have a contract that the tenancy should commence on a particular date. This problem is not directly addressed in law, and therefore you have no legal right to moving costs. However this is certainly reasonable to negotiate.
+3. Again, this is not directly addressed in law and therefore there is no legal regulation stating they have to inform the tenant as part of code of conduct. Again, you will need to argue this is unreasonable and has left you in an inconvenient situation. This may form part of your argument towards a compensation payment.
+4. A landlord can charge what they wish for a property, as long as a tenant agrees to it (if a tenant doesn’t agree, a landlord is unlikely to rent the property to them). Rents in private accommodation are not regulated, and therefore again there is nothing to say the rent you are being charged is illegal. However it is highly unreasonable and you should negotiate a rent reduction whilst you are living in the alternative accommodation.
+5. Yes that is correct - The landlord has a legal responsibility to protected deposits within 30 days of payment, and they will be breaking the law by not protecting the deposit within the time period. I would strongly advise you however to get some more in-depth advice before taking action on this. There can be implications when the AST has not actually begun (you have not moved into the property).
+- Moderator
+Thanks everyone for taking part in our first Live Q&A. To anyone who hasn't had their question answered - please do get in touch with SpareRoom on 0161 768 1162 or with Shelter on 0808 800 4444 for free advice.
+- Moderator
+The transcript from this Q&A will remain on this page for your reference, and there are lots of handy reference advice pieces in SpareRoom's Info & Advice section: SpareRoom : Info & Advice - whether you're a tenant or a landlord needing some advice and pointers on how to get out of a tricky situation, know your rights, or just do things properly.
+Archbishop Welby is possibly going to be written up by future historians as the smartest streetwise ABC ever. [OK, I'll walk that back slightly: first equal with Cranmer -:) ].
+Why?
+Because he will not give up on holding the Anglican Communion together on his watch and is showing signs of adroit, nuanced, brainy decision making in order to achieve his aim.
+How?
+Because the newly appointed General Secretary of the Anglican Communion is the best placed person in the whole wide Communion to keep the conservatives on board.
+Note to readers: there are more conservative Anglicans than progressive Anglicans in the Communion so if we have pretensions to globality then the Communion needs more rather than less conservatives in key positions.
+Who?
+Where is Anglicanism centred these days? Africa. CHECK.
+Which is the most populous Anglican province? Nigeria. CHECK
+A Nigerian bishop if we can secure one would have some needed mana. CHECK.
+Someone with familiarity with the Anglophile Anglican world. CHECK.
+Bonus: educated in Durham like your friendly correspondent here. CHECK. CHECK. -:)
+Bona fides in the great issue of our age. (Sorry folks, it's not homosexuality. Starts with I and ends with m). CHECK.
+Keen on reconciliation like the ABC. CHECK.
+Already has a relationship with the ABC, e.g. having preached at his consecration as a bishop. CHECK.
+Name: Most Revd Dr Josiah Atkins Idowu-Fearon.
+You can read news and reaction (e.g. in comments) at Thinking Anglicans, MidWest Conservative, Episcopal Cafe, Kiwianglo, and Stand Firm.
+Now any appointment of this nature that has commenters at BOTH Episcopal Cafe/Thinking Anglicans AND Stand Firm deeply, deeply concerned at how bad this appointment is must be ... a particularly cunning one!
+Go ++Justin.
+PS I do wonder about the blather in the official announcement that the ABC only gets to veto the appointment at the end of the process. Ever heard of coffee? Cups thereof? The ABC dropping into the ACC offices? Quiet conversations sotto voce? With questions like 'So, just hypothetically speaking, Your Nibs, but supposing it were your choice, then who, just as an exercise in abstract thinking, who would you consider to be a suitable candidate for the post?' This is the Anglican church we are talking about :). I would be quite surprised if there was neither informal consultation with the ABC nor second-guessing by the appointment committee as to who would fit well with the ABC's goals for the Communion as well as who would relate well to the ABC.
+PPS One of the most interesting things I note about +Josiah's past is that he was once an 'Archbishop' and got demoted by one ++Peter Akinola to 'Bishop.'
+28 comments:
+I do think you are correect, Peter, about the ABC astuteness, in the appointment of Nigerian Bishop Josiah as thre new Secretary General of the world-wide anglican Communion.
+Seemingly counter to the Church of England's decisive, but unexpected, rejection of the Anglican Covenant; Archbishop Justin Welby is still determined to keep the GAFCON Provinces on board in the Communion - despite their rejection of the 'Instruments of Communion', such as Lambeth and the Communion Primates' Meeting.
+No doubt, he is hoping that this new posting - of A Nigerian (GAFCON) Bishop as S.G. of the Communion - will bring GAFCON back into the fold. However, that would still leave some Western Provinces (TEC and the A.C. of Canada - and maybe the C. of E., now that AMiE is a challenge in their local backyard as 'persona non grata' with GAFCON.
+Your emphasis on numerical strength of the Anglican Church of Nigeria, Peter, does not make them any more 'Christian' than the rest of the Church of the A.C. In fact, if their inherent homophobia is at all indicative of their brand of Anglicanism, it is something I don't wish to be associated with, and would want to retain my membership of ACANZP, as being a more Inclusive Church - not necessarily connected umbilically with the AC of Nigeria - or any other GAFCON Church. your ot quoted 'Live and Let Live' prescription for Anglican Unity would then be better pursued through a federation relationship rather than a papal-style world Church - led from the GAFCON Provinces, with FOCA focus.
+Sorry folks, it's not homosexuality. Starts with I and ends with m
+Infantilism?
+Yes, although the accusations reign - most christian of everyone; from inferences to paying lip service to conservatives to appease them and co-opt them back in; to accusations for appointing someone whose strong on reconciliation to appease liberals and not loose the money of the TEC and Canada -
+Me thinks they protest to much.
+Thank goodness his commission is to please God and not man. Even Jesus never attempted that for He knew what was in the heart of man,
+Hi Peter,
+I had the pleasure of hearing Bishop Josiah speak at a CMS conference a number of years ago. My previous vicar in Melbourne spoke at the Kaduna diocesan clergy conference twice.
+I would suggest that this is not just a canny appointment, but an excellent appointment.
+Bishop Josiah loves the Lord Jesus, knows how to live and teach the Gospel amidst persectution, and is committed to growing the church rather than managing its decline.
+He has had differences of opinions with other Nigerian bishops, especially about Communion matters, which I believe led to his demotion from Archbishop to Bishop. Differences of opinion on matters of strategy do not make somebody a revisionist, which some conservative blogs would do well to note. Everyone in the Communion can rejoice at this appointment and I look forward to his ministry among us.
+Jesus said: "By their fruits you will know them"
+A Blessed Easter everyone!
+Christ has risen, Alleluia! He is risen indeed, Alleluia, Alleluia!
+Sadly, the inflammatory statement made by Bishop Josiah in 2004, that was widely reported - and especially in the U.K. Roman Catholic Newspaper, the Tablet, has never been recanted by Bishop Josiah. His then Archbishop, Akinola, was also quoted in the same article, comparing homosexuals with 'animals', in language that is hardly conducive to a rational understanding of the phenomenon of homosexuality.
+I'm afraid that, until the new Secretary-General of the A.C. is cleared of prejudice against homosexuals, he will have scant respect in the eyes of a significant minority of homosexual Christians who love their Lord, but question the charity of His Church hierarchy.
+In his own statement of reply to critics of his anti-gay stance, Bishop Josiah blames the early missionaries (CMS?) for the instillation of homophobia in the local people. He then questions how Nigerian Christians can be expected to cope with a 'change of direction' in attitudes towards gay people.
+What the good Bishop fails to understand is that the Western Church has had to repent of its former sin of homophobia; while some the former colonial Churches have not been open to any reform of its out-dated attitudes.
+A notable exception on the African Continent has been the Anglican Province of South Africa, missionized by a more catholic entity - SPG - the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel (now, together with UMCA, renamed USPG', the United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel).
+The Holy Spirit continues to open up Christ's Church to the reality of the human condition - sexuality included!
+Christ is risen, Alleluia.
+He is risen indeed, Alleluia, Alleluia!
+One fairly key question about Bishop Josiah: will he, as the new Secretary-General of the Anglican Communion, be present at the upcoming GAFCON Primates meeting in London in a few days time?
+His presence there, together with the Primates, who have now expressed their solidarity with the so-called 'Anglican Mission in England (AMiE - a GAFCON plant in the U.K.) would certainly send some strange signals to the non-GAFCON Provinces of the Communion.
+Would it, perhaps, imply that - with the encouragement of the C. of E. 's Archbishops Welby and Sentamu - the return of GAFCON to the Instruments of Communion; Lambeth and the AC Primates' Conference?
+This, again, could be tricky, simply because GAFCON has its own 'Primates' Conference', exclusive to themselves!
+What interesting time we are living in!
+I'm willing to give the Most Rev. Dr. Josiah Atkins Idowu-Fearon the benefit of the doubt--for now.
+Kurt Hill
+Brooklyn, NY
+Well, the good Bishop Josiah was once demoted - from Archbishop to Bishop - by former Provincial Archbishop Akinola, so there must be some good in him. P.T.L!
+There is hope for all of us - in the loving provenance of our Eternal God.
+Christos anesti! Alethos anesti! Alleluia
+Hi Kurt, I don't think you have to worry. Bishop Idowa-Fearon will do what he has been doing for many years - tell the western Anglicans what they want to hear in the west, and tell the Nigerian Anglicans what they want to hear in Africa. So everyone will be happy. :)
+A recording and transcription of the good bishop's remarks at the Toronto conference in 2013 is now available. See
+It seems to me that those who label him either "conservative" or "liberal" may be missing the main point. His primary motivation is as a centralist, i.e. one who wants to see a greater concentration of super-provincial power under the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lambeth Conference. For example:
+"What are my proposals? I believe we have to ask ourselves: should the Lambeth Conference continue to be for talk and consultation and not for decision, or exercise authority on behalf of the whole Communion?"
+Read in context, it is clear that he is advocating the latter proposition, i.e. that the Lambeth Conference should "exercise authority on behalf of the whole Communion".
+He has some suggestions for change to the make-up of the ACC and the Primates Meeting, but the thread running through all of these things is greater power to the ABC:
+"The ACC needs to come directly under the oversight of the Archbishop of Canterbury. He already chairs the meetings. The General Secretary should be responsible to the ABC, and not to present himself or herself as the executive running the entire Communion, that’s how we see it now."
+[Actually, I am not sure that anyone does see the GS as "the executive running the entire Communion" now, but let's leave that issue to one side for the moment.].
+If his proposals had been in place in 1998, then Lambeth Resolution 1.10 on human sexuality would have become law throughout the Anglican Communion. Some would see that as an excellent development, others would view it with horror, and probably many others be ambivalent. But my impression is, in a sense, that he doesn't care. He just wants control to be centralised so that the Lambeth Conference "exercises authority on behalf of the whole Communion", under the guidance of the ABC. I note that some people on Thinking Anglicans have drawn a comparison something like this:
+ABC ~ Pope
+ACO ~ Curia
+Lambeth Conference ~ General Council of Bishops of the Catholic Church
+That's probably not too far off what he envisages. Some will see this as a good thing, some won't.
+Achieving it is another matter entirely!
+Hi Michael
+I will accept your comment above because it contains an arguable proposition within it.
+But it verges on the inappropriate as an ad hominem against the bishop.
+I warn other commenters here to think before they follow up Michael's comment because anything going beyond his comment re negativity towards the bishop will not be published.
+Sorry Peter, but I don't see the 'verging on the inappropriate as an ad hominem' AT ALL. Perhaps we read it differently.
+Rosemary Behan
+(For clarity, my 11.02 am comment refers to Michael's 10.31 am comment and not to his 10.53 am comment).
+Hi Rosemary,
+If we are talking about my 11.02 reply to Michael's 10.31 then my concern is that alleging that someone says one thing to one audience and another thing to another audience is, without evidence, a potential slur on that person's reputation as a person of integrity and consistency.
+My wider reading around the internet suggests that there is evidence from which one could argue Michael's point, though it would be a complex argument because one would need to take account of chronology, whether a change of mind has occurred and so forth.
+I have no problem with Michael's 10.53 am comment. Indeed it conveys a very interesting vision for the Communion, the more so now that +Josiah is in the GS position.
+Culpa Mea .. sorry Peter.
+Rosemary Behan
+oops .. it should be mea culpa shouldn't it? Sigh, shouldn't try and sound so highbrow!!!!
+No prob, Rosemary!
+Keep the Latin tags flowing ... they are becoming extinct as a new generation grows up 'knowing not Latin'!
+"Culpa mea" is acceptable.
+I have only small latin, but I understand it conveys a different emphasis, e.g. "It is the FAULT that is mine".
+So the classic illustration of Latin emphasis:
+Brutus Luciam amat - Brutus loves Lucia.
+Luciam Brutus amat - It is *Lucia* that Brutus loves.
+:)
+Back to the main theme of the thread and especially now this address in Toronto 2013.
+Yes; MichaelA is correct: we have a centralist - in many senses of that word. My only real concern with his vision and his means of trying to implement it is this. I have to ask a basic question: what are the premises, the theological and moral premises that produce either Conservatives or Liberals (of the 70% variety as outlined by Bishop Josiah Idowu-Fearon)?
+Now; it seems to me one way of answering this question is to invoke the so-called Wesleyan Quadrilateral, Scripture + Tradition + Reason + Experience. And then, the next move is to point out that Hooker’s use of Reason is more akin to that of Aquinas than any Liberal’s today; and any Conservative’s use of Scripture is more akin to the Magisterial Reformers, and Liberals’ use essentially still derived more from the 19th C’s vision of the search for the historical Jesus. And lastly, to note that for many a Liberal “experience” is the primary lense through which they approach the other three - and moreover, a form of experience’s whose understanding is decidedly post Kantian (given there is never any such a thing as naked-human-experience; we are all followers of Wittgenstein at this point).
+If there is any cogency in this all too brief analysis, then the AC is frankly doomed. Strong words? Well; how will any “debate” (of the kind this Bishop seeks via the Primates’ Meetings and then the ACC) ever get resolved, if the premises of the two main protagonists express philosophical and methodological views which are so very far apart ...?! Just asking ...
+But, Bryden, in what way is the chasm between X and Y, according to your analysis, greater than the chasm between opposing theologies throughout church history? And with special reference to those 'opposing theologies' that the church has nevertheless held together in one body?
+What a great and most important question, Peter. But it’s in the way you yourself frame the issue that lies the key.
+Are X & Y “opposing” or “divergent”? That’s the first question. Then essentially thereafter, can the Christian Faith truly accommodate opposing views or only those that are divergent, and then to what degree?
+E.g. Anglican theology and practice seems to accommodate a number of divergent Eucharistic views with reasonable equanimity. You yourself have set up a table of seemingly contrasting things: Just War vs. pacifism; Remarriage of divorcees vs. indissolubility; et al.
+My real concern is that we have reached a juncture in western culture where divergent parties’ root paradigms are incommensurate, being truly opposed. For at root they have to do with anthropology: who do you say you are? Are we human creatures made in the image and likeness of God? Or are we autonomous self-positing personal subjects? And the difficulty of course is that the latter, historically, culturally, is utterly dependent upon the former; but is better viewed from the perspective of hindsight as a bastard step-child ...
+Of course, many a western Christian tries to have a bob each way - but mostly they are unaware of the (potential) chasm within their very being, as they try to do so. A crux example: what do we make of the resurrection? How do we view it or render it? Do we ‘reinterpret’ it to render the resurrection of Jesus, not in space-time terms as the transformation of the physical body of Jesus, with the empty tomb as “the sign” (Karl Barth) precisely of that transformative resurrection, but, throwing it back upon ourselves, as humans who now “socially construct” their ‘world’, as the ‘resurrection’ of the disciples’ ‘faith’, some time after Jesus’ death ...
+Just so, our human sexuality, our gendered condition: is that something that is “socially constructed” - any which way therefore - or is it something that may indeed be socially mediated (the difference between “constructed” and “mediated” is, literally, a world of difference) but is also rooted in a non-dualist way in our very bodies? And furthermore, given that we are talking about human bodies in space-time, who also inhabit social worlds, we are necessarily dealing with procreation and things like patrimony.
+It’s in the sheer selectivity of our subject matter and our viewing it/them from both divergent and opposing stances that the western church has got itself into an unholy muddle, one where there appears to be no way out so entangled have we become. What we need is a Puddleglum, who bravely stamps the fire out, to stop the swooning effect of the enchantment. But that will hurt ... Nor do I think that our dear bishop Josiah is that man, to rescue us from the Underworld to bring us into the full sunlight. [All of which presupposes readers have read CS Lewis’s The Silver Chair.]
+What is required Peter is that Christians, all Christians of whatever culture, truly baptise their anthropology into the fulness of the Gospel of Jesus, God’s Messiah, who has begun the recreation of the world through his singular redemption. Just so, Rom 12:1-2 again!
+"My real concern is that we have reached a juncture in western culture where divergent parties’ root paradigms are incommensurate, being truly opposed" - BB
+Because you, Bryden, have reached this particular point in your own view, does not mean it is the only possibility. There are plenty of professional theologians within the Anglican Communion who dispute your version of whether the 'root paradigms' are so very divergent - in ways that deny the authenticity of the phenomenon of homosexuality.
+The fact that practising theological teachers in ACANZP seem to think differently from you on this issue should make you stop and think whether you have the right answers. Having been, yourself, brought up on the African Continent could possibly have made you more amenable to the GAFCON way of thinking. That would not be too surprising, surely?
+I was born and brought up in England - a rather less conservative milieu than Africa, and that has influenced my own thinking. I think differently from you.
+Two things Ron:
+1. I was not brought up in Africa but educated in England with one leg in each continent!
+2. As a result I can examine both cultural paradigms with a certain equanimity. And find many a westerner enmeshed in ways that dilute Christian Revelation to the point of Eclipsing (Martin Buber) it completely.
+3. [back at my desktop; mobile devices spring such surprises!] If it were (as you seem to be suggesting Ron) a matter of culture only, then I doubt the Nicene Creed would have ever been written. Just so, Rowan Williams, Arius: Heresy and Tradition, Lewis Ayres, Nicaea and its Legacy: An Approach to Fourth–Century Trinitarian Theology, and TF Torrance, whose entire oeuvre is increasingly being regarded as one of the finest in the 20th C English speaking world. [Sure; TFT made the sinful mistake of being born in China ...!] No Ron; all cultures need to be sifted by the Revelation of the Gospel of Jesus. And it is the singular failure of late modern/postmodern forms of western Christianity that history will judge and find wanting - as was Hellenistic culture in the 4th C.
+I still think differently from you, Bryden. But maybe that it the result of my more liberal upbringing, which has been formed in a less conservatively 'Sola-Scriptura' milieu than that of your good self.
+As a dyed-in-the-wool Anglo-Catholic, who was greatly influenced by the Charismatic renewal in New Zealand, and now, as an octogenarian preparing for paradise; I have absorbed the Gospel-oriented need to propagate the great love of God - rather than any claim to human righteousness - I have abdicated any need to judge others more fiercely than I judge myself. I am therefore more inclined to forgiveness than condemnation on any ground of the human capacity for self-righteousness.
+An open letter to your dear self Ron.
+I dare to suggest that much of your latest comment is actually beside the point. Not that what you actually say is irrelevant to the Christian Faith itself - far from it! Au contraire; what is however germane to the situation the Good Bishop Josiah seeks to address is the immense likelihood of the sheer impossibility of squaring the circle. For if one appreciates at all the essential premises and their natural implications of the respective parties, then the twain simply cannot meet. This is not just a difference of opinion; yours or mine. Rather, it is a case of sheer philosophical actuality and logic. Squares are squares and circles are circles. No matter what you or I fancy, Euclid Rules!
+The parallel with fourth century Hellenistic culture is deadly serious. For it may very will still come to pass that we shall wake up and groan to find ourselves the equivalent to being Arian - to recall Jerome!
+To B.B; No Comment! Apart from the fact that I cannot understand your fear of progression in the Gospel tendency to propagate love rather than fear.
+Your last comment allows me too to sign off on this thread Ron.
+Neither love nor fear motivates me; rather, it is the holiness of God - such that the goodness, truth and beauty that radiate from such holiness would be gloriously restored in those creatures made in the divine image. Ciao for now!
+PRIVACY Forum Digest Friday, 29 April 1994 Volume 03 : Issue 09 Moderated by Lauren Weinstein (lauren@vortex.com) Vortex Technology, Woodland Hills, CA, U.S.A. ===== PRIVACY FORUM ===== The PRIVACY Forum digest is supported in part by the ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy. CONTENTS 09 Quote for the day: "Heavenths to Mergatroid!" -- "Snagglepuss"; Animated; Hanna-Barbera (1959-1962) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Thu, 14 Apr 94 14:18 EDT From: johnl@iecc.com (John R Levine) Subject: Re: Internet White Pages I happen to know the people who published the "Internet White Pages", since it's a branch of the same people who publish my Dummies books, and have had some discussions with them about the book. As far as I can tell, the authors created the list by collecting usenet return addresses, perhaps enriched with addresses collected from people's signature lines. I see two separate issues here: * Should there be listings available of Internet mail addresses? * Is collecting usenet return addresses an appropriate way to make the listings? The answer to the second question is simple: No, and the reason is equally simple: it gives you a lousy list. The book lists six addresses for me, including johnl@iecc.uucp, an address that I don't recall ever using, and that I certainly wouldn't have used any time in the last five years. (It is a valid address, though.) They also list me as both John R Levine and John R. Levine, suggesting their software could still use some work. But listing only usenet addresses gives you a very one-sided list. For example, none of the board members of the Internet Society appear. I have suggested to the publisher some ways they could round out the list by using other public listings of addresses. The more interesting question is what sort of white page listings should exist. Like telephone white pages, on the one hand these listings make it easier for people from whom we'd like to hear to get in touch with us, but they also make it easier for people from who we don't want to hear to get in touch with us. Online white pages have the particular problem that, given the current state of the net, we can expect bozos who have access to large numbers of mail addresses to use them for random junk mail. This is particularly annoying to people on services like Compuserve where incoming Internet mail costs money. I suspect that we'll end up with something roughly parallel to paper mail, with the sender paying all the charges, and a lot of mail being sent that nobody reads. I currently get about 100 messages a day, which I deal with by using a lot of automation, e.g. mail from known mailing lists are filed as pseudo-usenet messages for later perusal. It would be technically simple to arrange for mail from known annoying addresses to be thrown away, although I haven't had to do that yet. It would also be fairly easy to arrange public and private e-mail addresses, with messages to the two addresses handled differently. I happen to be using a Unix box, but facilities like this are quite common. The inexpensive Eudora mail program for the PC and Mac has filtering features at least as nice as these. But to return to the white pages question, to make e-mail useful in the "real world", you've got to have some sort of white pages, probably both on-line (just telnet to 555-1212, however you spell that in X.500) and on paper. Sure, some people may prefer to be listed, just like people have unlisted phone numbers. But if we don't come up with reasonable designs for white pages pretty soon, we'll have a profusion of unreasonable ones thrust upon us. Regards, John Levine, johnl@iecc.com, jlevine@delphi.com, 1037498@mcimail.com ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 15 Apr 1994 02:32:38 -0400 From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.COM> Subject: FCC Issues Decision on Caller ID (Finally) Excerpts from CPSR Alert 3.06 [3] FCC Issues Decision on Caller ID (Finally) After three years of deliberation, the FCC in April finally issued its rules on Caller Number Identification. The FCC mandated that telephone companies that use Signaling System 7 offer Caller ID for interstate calls and that interstate carriers carry the signals at no charge. The FCC ruled that telephone companies provide free per call blocking for interstate calls, preempting the decisions of over 30 states public utility commissions, many of which have opted for greater privacy protections. It adopted a controversial brief by the Department of Justice brief, which decided that Caller ID does not violate the Electronic Communications Privacy Act prohibition of "Trap and Trace Devices," which capture the numbers of incoming telephone calls. Previously, the Congressional Research Service and several states found that Caller ID was a trap and trace device. The FCC rules also require that users of ANI services, such as 800 and 900 number services, which do not currently have a blocking capability, obtain consent from callers before passing on the information. Telephone companies must institute public education campaigns about ANI and Caller ID. A copy of CPSR and the US Privacy Council's brief to the FCC and other materials from CPSR on Caller ID are available at the CPSR Internet Library. [ The full impact and meaning of this decision, especially in regards to states which have already established their own stricter rules for INTRAstate CNID, has yet to be determined. Will we see different forms of blocking applied to in-state vs. out-of-state calls (e.g., per-line for in-state, per-call for out-of-state?) Also, the possibility of actions by state PUCs or other interested groups (including Congress) challenging this decision is still an open question. -- MODERATOR ] ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 14 Apr 1994 23:28:17 -0700 From: Dave Banisar <banisar@washofc.cpsr.org> Subject: Medical Privacy Bill Introduced in Congress [ Extracted from CPSR Alert 3.06 by MODERATOR ] [4] Medical Privacy Bill Introduced in Congress Congressmen Gary Condit (D-CA), has introduced a comprehensive bill protecting the privacy of medical records in the House of Representatives. HR 4077, the Fair Health Information Practices Act of 1994, is a free standing bill but is intended to be an amendment to HR 3600, the Clinton Administration's health reform bill and other bills currently pending in Congress. The bill creates fair information practices for the collection and use of personal medical information. It mandates that holders of health information keep that information confidential unless there is authorization for its release by the patient or other limited exceptions. Each person who obtains private medical information becomes a trustee. Patients will also have the right to access, and correct their own personal files. The bill also creates criminal and civil penalties for improper access or disclosure of records. For criminal access, penalties are up to a $250,000 fine and 10 years in jail. Civil penalties are available against any private company, individual or state or local government for damages, including punitive damages in some cases, and attorney fees. One area that has caused some concern is the law enforcement access to medical records. As currently written the bill allows law enforcement access to patient records with only a written certification by a supervisor that access is being obtained for a lawful purpose. Privacy advocates are concerned that a low threshold for obtaining records will encourage "fishing expeditions" for information by law enforcement officials. HR 4077 was also cosponsored by John Conyers (D-MI) and Maria Velazquez (D-NY). Congressional hearings will be held on April 20, 27 and 28. CPSR has been asked to testify on April 28. HR 4077 and supporting materials are available from the CPSR Internet Library. ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 17 Apr 1994 14:37:05 -0400 From: eo891@cleveland.Freenet.Edu (Joseph A. Drain) Subject: Government-Assisted Housing If the Clinton Administration's new proposal, whereby agreeing to unannounced searches of one's residence is to be a condition to obtaining federal housing assistance, does not shock us (as it should), perhaps because (though we'd never admit it) it will principally affect poor minorities, be on guard because we are next. It is predictably ironic that the most determined assaults upon the priniples this country once stood for have come from the left flank more often than not. Apologies to anyone offended by the use of the royal "we" and "us"; I know I don't speak for all of you. Since Clinton lives in public funded housing, anyone care to guess whether he'll agree to unannounced raids? Or does the new policy apply only to people who count for nothing in this world? ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 1994 17:34:34 -0400 (EDT) From: Elizabeth Chestney <ecchestn@watarts.uwaterloo.ca> Subject: alt.sex newsgroups.... Greetings fellow internetwits... I am a grad student at U of Waterloo, in Ontario, Canada. Recently, five newsgroups were banned on campus: alt.sex.bondage, alt.sex.bestiality, alt.sex.stories, alt.sex.stories.d, and alt.tasteless. A resulting flurry of email and newsgroup activity has criticised and discussed the ban's implications. Newsgroups have had a long history of problems at UW. In 1988 "rec.humor was banned for containing racist and sexist jokes, and "alt.sex.bondage," one of the five banned on Feb. 1, was originally banned in 1990. In April of that year, all "alt" newsgroups were banned, allegedly due to the cost of running them. They were later restored after a massive student outcry. Although obscene or offensive subject matter cannot be ignored, this recent directive has heady censorship and privacy protection implications. I am currently working on this story for a "net" assignment. If any RISKS subscriber has criticisms or related info to share (as email or otherwise), I would greatly appreciate it. Thanks, Elizabeth Chestney ecchest@watarts.uwaterloo.ca ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 19 Apr 94 14:00:15 PDT From: "Barbara Simons" <simons@VNET.IBM.COM> Subject: PRESERVING FEDERAL ELECTRONIC MAIL PRESERVING FEDERAL ELECTRONIC MAIL The National Archives and Records Administration has asked for public comment on proposed standards for management of federal records created or received on electronic mail systems. The proposed standards were published in the March 24 _Federal Register_, pp. 13906-10. When finalized, the standards are for all federal agencies on the proper means of identifying, maintaining, and disposing of federal records created or received on an E- mail system. The same standards the federal government applies to managing paper documents would apply to managing records created or received via electronic mail. The guidelines apply to electronic mail sent over networks like the Internet as well as within office systems. NARA has been working with the Executive Office of the President to develop specific records management policies and procedures for their E-mail records to comply with court rulings in _Armstrong v. Executive Office of the President_. In 1989, ALA joined a coalition of researchers and groups, including the National Security Archive, Public Citizen, the American Civil Liberties Union and the American Historical Association, in suing the government when the Reagan Administration tried to remove records from the computers of the National Security Council. The case has been working its way through the legal system during the Bush and Clinton Administrations. NARA's proposed rules are an outgrowth of the settlement negotiations in the case. Comments must be submitted by June 22, 1994 to: Director, Records Appraisal and Disposition Division, National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park MD 20740-6001. Comments may be sent by fax: (301) 713- 6852, or by e-mail: ooa@cu.nih.gov. For further information contact: James Hastings, Director, Records Appraisal and Disposition Division, (301) 713- 7096. ------------------------------ Date: Thu, 21 Apr 1994 11:27:43 -0400 From: Monty Solomon <monty@roscom.COM> Subject: NTIA Privacy Notice of Inquiry - Deadline Extended, Act Now! Excerpt from EFFector Online Volume 07 No. 07" <cmattey@ntia.doc.gov> ******** goverment agencies or legislators. A selection from the original Notice of Inquiry is below: ******** DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Telecommunications and Information Administration [Docket No. 940104-4004] Inquiry on Privacy Issues Relating to Private Sector Use of Telecommunications-Related Personal Information mation: ftp, /pub/Alerts/ntia_privacy.noi gopher.eff.org, 1/pub/Alerts, ntia_privacy.noi Outpost--EFF Online, BBS +1 202 628 6120, "Alerts" file area, NTIAPRIV.NOI which will include the updated information.] ------------------------------ Date: 26 Apr 94 12:13:52 EDT From: "Mich Kabay / JINBU Corp." <75300.3232@CompuServe.COM> Subject: Data Escape from Prison [ From RISKS-FORUM Digest; Volume 15 : Issue 79 -- MODERATOR ] >From the Associated Press newswire via Executive News Service (GO ENS) on CompuServe: Inmates-Computers, By MARIA S. FISHER, Associated Press Writer KANSAS CITY, Kan. (AP, 18 Apr 1994) -- The letter startled Nick Tomasic. It was from a prison inmate; other fellow prisoners, assigned to computerize records, had taken a Social Security number from an accident report and tried to sell it. Tomasic is the district attorney for Wyandotte County. It was his number. The author makes the following key points: o 29 states and the federal government use prisoners for data entry. o The National Correctional Industries Association in Belle Mead, NJ scoffed at the potential risk of misuse, saying that in 12 years, there have been no cases of abuse. o Tomasic warned that criminals could determine addresses and phone numbers of witnesses and victims during data entry. o In Johnson City, KS, Sheriff Kent P. Willnauer is looking into allegations that a prisoner passed Social Security numbers and other data to a confederate who opened fraudulent bank accounts. o Kansas State government officials insist that the data entry program saves taxpayers hundreds of thousands of dollars and that there is no danger to privacy or safety of residents. Michel E. Kabay, Ph.D./ Dir. Education / Natl Computer Security Assoc. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 27 Apr 1994 From: [Name Withheld] Subject: Singapore IS pro-privacy --- about executions etc [ The party sending this message expressed concern that if they were identified publicly, their ability to conduct future business in Singapore might be severely impacted. -- MODERATOR ] The following information was gathered from the news media and personal contacts while working in Singapore. It's not true that the government of Singapore is always against privacy; they are quite private about executions and official info. In mid-August 1993, it came out that 2 people had been executed at the end of July. There was nothing in the English-language papers at the time. The government was quite annoyed at the suggestion that the executions had been secret. They'd told the prisoners' families and embassies, and there'd been a small story in a Chinese-language paper. It wasn't their fault that it took 2 weeks for the English press to find out. There is the death penalty for many crimes, such as using a gun during a felony with intent to wound. It was felt too hard to prove intent, so last year death was proposed for being part of a group committing a felony where anyone fired a gun, unless you tried to stop it. That is, you could get death for being the getaway driver in a bank robbery if someone inside fired once into the ceiling. Singapore is also very pro-privacy concerning secret info. When the leading business paper printed some official economic stats a little early, everyone involved was charged (leaker, reporter, editor). It's not even claimed that the government official even intended to leak; he just left the papers on his desk while the reporters were in the room. The trial just finished, and they were lucky not to be imprisoned, only fined. Singapore is also pro personal rights when the right is the good name of the PAP (governing party). If you publish what the government considers to be a libelous story about the government, or the governing party, or about politicians' relatives, then you can be charged with libel. For example, last July someone was arrested for distributing libelous handbills and given 2 weeks in jail. If a paper, such as the Asian Wall Street Journal, Time, or Economist, to pick three examples, should publish what the government considers to be a slanted story about such a case, not presenting the government's side in as much detail as the government requires, then the publication can be fined, sanctioned, or banned, since publications must be licensed. In July 1993, the Economist magazine reported on one libel case, in a fashion that suggested that the libel was correct. Singapore invoked a law giving it the right of reply. The Economist printed 1/2 the reply, but said that the rest was just repetitive. Singapore threatened to limit the Economist's circulation, and also to require a deposit amounting to about $20US per Singaporean subscriber in case of a future judgement against the Economist. Singapore then added a new demand that the Economist publish a letter replying to another story. The Economist caved in completely, while, the last I heard of this story, Singapore was still proposing to apply the penalties. The justification is that a small country is more vulnerable than a large one to defamatory lies about the government. The anti-graffitti law was apparently established more to stop political graffitti than general vandalism. Some government decisions are interesting. Pornography, even Cosmo, is illegal. However prostitution is said to be ok, and rich people are said to have mistresses with second families across in Malaysia. As they say in Singapore, "It's a fine, fine society, fines for everything." The government is always right. If you get a fine in the mail because a camera said that you ran a red light, you pay it. There's a fee for getting a copy of the photo, which is not refunded even if the photo shows you innocent. If the photo shows you guilty, then, besides the fee, the fine is increased. Finally, note that most Singaporeans seem to support all this, although more educated people may feel claustrophobic. It's hard accurately to gauge, however, since you need permission to run in at least some elections, and unfit candidates are refused. In last fall's Presidential election, the two leading opposition figures were not allowed to run. The PAP selected the official candidate, and also the official opposition candidate (you couldn't have a 1-man election, it wouldn't be democratic). The official opposition candidate did not campaign, since, as he said, the official candidate would make a fine president. Still, the opposition guy won about 45% of the vote. ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 29 Apr 1994 17:12:07 +0000 From: CPSR National Office <cpsr@cpsr.org> Subject: Clipper Petition Delivered to White House CPSR PRESS RELEASE Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility P.O. Box 717 Palo Alto, CA 94301 415-322-3778 (voice) 415-322-4748 (fax) cpsr@cpsr.org "CLIPPER" PETITION DELIVERED TO WHITE HOUSE COMPUTER USERS CALL ON ADMINISTRATION TO DROP ENCODING PLAN NEW PRIVACY CENTER ESTABLISHED Washington, DC -- A national public interest organization today delivered to the White House a petition asking for withdrawal of the controversial Clipper cryptography proposal. The Clipper plan would provide government agents with copies of the keys used to encoded electronic messages. The petition was signed by more than 47,000 users of the nation's data highway. The petition drive occurred entirely across the Internet. It is the largest electronic petition to date. Earlier this year, the White House announced support for the Clipper proposal. But the plan has received almost unanimous criticism from the public. A Time/CNN found that 80% of the American public opposed Clipper. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility began the petition drive in January. In the letter addressed to the President, the organization said that if Clipper goes forward, "privacy protection will be diminished, innovation will be slowed, government accountability will be lessened, and the openness necessary to ensure the successful development of the nation's communications infrastructure will be threatened." The petition asks for the withdrawal of Clipper. It is signed by many of the nation's leading cryptographers including Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman, and Ronald Rivest. Users from nearly 3,000 different sites across the Internet are represented. Responses came from more than 1300 companies including Microsoft, IBM, Apple, DEC, GE, Cray, Tandem, Sun, SGI, Mead Data Central, AT&T, and Stratus. Signatures also came from more than 850 colleges and universities and 150 non-profit organizations. Many responses came from public networks such as America Online and Compuserve. Nearly a thousand came from government and military sites including NASA, the Army and the Navy. Next week hearings will be held in Congress on the controversial cryptography proposal, an initiative developed by the FBI and the National Security Agency. Most of the witnesses are expected to testify against the plan. In a related development, the establishment of the Electronic Privacy Information Center was announced today. EPIC is jointly sponsored by CPSR and the Fund for Constitutional Government. It will focus on emerging privacy issues surrounding the information data highway. [see accompanying release]. CPSR is national membership organization, based in Palo Alto, California. For more information about CPSR, contact CPSR, P.O. Box 717, Palo Alto, CA 94302. 415 322 3778 (tel) 415 322 4748 (fax) cpsr@cpsr.org (email). ------------------------------ End of PRIVACY Forum Digest 03.09 ************************
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+I had several micro-businesses over the years including Cat’s Print Cookies, which my daughter and I hawked at fairs and musical events, and The Magical Brain Trust, a typing and editing business while my daughter was growing up. In the 1980s I wrote several cookbooks and sold them along with related products, which included a small scale vanilla business after I wrote The Vanilla Cookbook (1986, Celestial Arts).
+Then, in February of 1995, at the suggestion of a friend, I purchased vanilla.com. I am the first and only owner. I paid $35 a year, the going price for any and all URLs at the time. It sat unused for five years while I considered what to do with it. Should I sell it or use it? Should I take the leap and launch a real vanilla business or play it safe and find a secure job?
+One morning in August of 2000 I awakened with an “Aha” moment. I would turn two rooms of my house into an apartment, rent it out, put together a business plan and go for it!
+It took a year to pull everything together. During that time I assembled an amazing team, including Gina Tassone (aka The Contessa), who has been my right and left hand woman, Kathy Long, who has dedicated untold hours over the years building two websites for our business, much of it pro bono, and Brad Wise, who offered his creative expertise, including the layout for The Vanilla Chef and graphics for trade shows and product handouts. Over the years, there have been several other people who have worked with us full or part-time or who have provided us with invaluable services.
+I worked with the Small Business Development Center. I found a great financial planner. I took a huge leap of faith and took out a mortgage on my home. I even consulted a respected astrologer about the best date for an official launch. (What can I say? I live in Santa Cruz!)
+I debated whether to first go to Tahiti for research and photos for the site, then launch the business, or launch the business then go to Tahiti. Fortunately, as it turns out, I went to Tahiti first, then returned home and officially launched the business a few days later.
+There were already a few cracks in the Internet infrastructure as the dot.com crash occurred about six months earlier. While Internet commerce looked promising, it wavered when the dot.com bubble burst. However, I was already months into building the website and moving forward and it seemed crazy to stop. If it was slow at first, so be it.
+September 9th I threw a launch party. My daughter and son-in-law came from New York, and friends and family from all over joined us. It was an exciting leap into the unknown. Also a terrific party.
+Two days later, everything changed. Amazingly enough, along with this great tragedy came the first of our miracles.
+If I had gone to Tahiti, I would have been trapped there for at least three weeks. My daughter and son-in-law would have been in Manhattan. While neither worked near the Twin Towers, they lived just blocks from the UN, which was assumed would be the next target.
+At the same time, my son-in-law’s father had emergency surgery in Arizona. They borrowed a car and drove to Mesa to help him, which would have been impossible from New York.
+The Anthrax Scare occurred on the heels of 9-11. All of us with Internet or mail order businesses watched helplessly as sales plummeted. Ours didn’t plummet; they didn’t happen. While that’s not quite true, for the first several months it was a big moment when each order arrived. Ever resourceful, we pulled together a multi-vendor two-day boutique in December. Despite the biggest storm of the year, people came and we limped through our first holiday season.
+Global Vanilla Crisis!
+Vanilla prices had been a low point for several years and farmers tore up their crops as they couldn’t afford to grow it for the price they were paid. At the same time, a cyclone in Madagascar, a 100 year flood in Mexico, and a serious drought in Indonesia, destroyed much of the available vanilla. Over the next two years, vanilla prices soared to $550 a kilo at source!
+Because of our site, small farmers who normally didn’t have access to prices (the industry is known for its lack of transparency), contacted me. I helped them find buyers for their crops and received a small commission from the importers.
+The sales I helped to negotiate provided generators, trucks, and other desperately needed commodities in Papua New Guinea and India. The importers kindly allowed me to buy a few kilos of beans at a time as there was no way I could afford to buy directly from the growers. Once again, we limped through but gained a reputation with the farmers. And even when I couldn’t help the farmers I gave them something no one had ever offered — information and hope. Some amazing bonds were forged during this time.
+Then the unthinkable occurred. Less than two-and-a-half years after launching The Vanilla Company, I was diagnosed with terminal breast cancer. One small lesion not detected by mammograms, one lymph node, and it was already in my liver. I was given pills to hopefully slow down the progression of the disease and told to put my affairs in order.
+At the time, I was writing Vanilla (2004, Tarcher; available on my site), we were in the middle of the hectic holiday season, and I was awaiting the birth of my first grandchild. There was nothing that could have prepared either me or my business for this shocker.
+Kathy hastily posted a website for me so that friends, family and farmers could be kept informed of my condition. Almost immediately, and quite unexpectedly, I was showered with a world of miracles.
+Farmers and many others worldwide began to pray for me. In Hindu temples, Mosques, evangelical churches, schools and even entire villages, people prayed that I might somehow survive. It was both astonishing and humbling, a truly transformative experience.
+Kaiser Hospital made an exception and allowed me to join my daughter and son-in-law at the birth of my first grandson, Theo, three weeks after my final diagnosis. Holding him against my breast while I rocked him the following day, it felt as if the hand of God was healing me. During this dark period, I grew to understand the significant difference between healing and curing.
+As I drove home a week after Theo was born, I created a mantra that served me well through treatment:
+Shrinking, leaving, healing, curing. Strong, healthy, cancer-free.
+For the next four-and-a-half years I was in aggressive treatment. I went into complete remission twice, a miracle in itself. But one tumor in my liver continued to return. Finally, in May of 2008, I had a surgery that is rare for breast cancer patients. Forty percent of my liver was removed, along with the tumor. More than three years later, I have remained cancer-free.
+Needless to say, intensive cancer treatment took a heavy toll on my body, and our very expensive small business insurance and the costs not covered by insurance used up the equity in my house. But I am alive.
+During the nearly eight years since my diagnosis my second grandson, Zane, came into the world, I traveled to Europe, Mexico, Cuba and China, and met and worked with farmers and research scientists. In 2005, just before beginning a year of aggressive chemotherapy, I attended the inaugural Women Leaders for the World training through the Global Women’s Leadership Network at Santa Clara University.
+I have had the honor of speaking at the Smithsonian Institution, The Commonwealth Club, and other national and international venues on behalf of vanilla farmers.
+I launched The International Tropical Farmers Network, a Google group connecting farmers, scientists and social scientists worldwide to support one another and to provide information and resources. I helped to organize a vanilla conference in Mexico in 2006 where all farmers could attend as it was free. Over 2500 people came to the conference! Unfortunately, I was unable to attend as I was in aggressive chemotherapy and the trip would have been too difficult.
+We raised the funds to help rebuild a hurricane-damaged school for the children of vanilla producers in a village in rural Mexico. We connected the dots, so to speak, to get vanilla and cacao vines from a farmer in Costa Rica, to a school in northwestern Haiti. I sponsored a farmer from Kenya for a year’s apprenticeship in Hawaii.
+These were some of the highlights. There are always many roadblocks in running a business, though they usually aren’t quite as intense as some of the ones we’ve experienced. We traveled the “Madagascar road:” unpaved, craters for potholes, unexpected dead-ends, and numerous collisions along the way.
+I had realized early on that the best way to grow my business would be to create value-added products. The money to bring these products to market was diverted for the overwhelming costs associated with a life-threatening illness. For the last year, I have worked full time in an organic community market in addition to running the business. The Great Recession and lack of funds to grow the business have definitely been a deterrent to our company’s well-being.
+Yet ten years on, here we are! Gina manages the day-to-day details. On my days off from the market I do the writing for the site and blogs, make sales calls, and do whatever else I can to keep us afloat. Kathy continues to help us with updates and upgrades to our site.
+I am currently working to help three women from Africa to come to the Women Leaders for the World training, and we are raising money for supplies for the refugees in the Horn of Africa.
+There are many miracles needed for tropical farmers and their environment as both are heavily impacted by climate change, poor wages and political upheaval and unrest.
+For the many of us who care, it can feel overwhelming. Yet if each of us donated one dollar a week — or even a month — toward assisting those in need, whether with the basics such as food, shelter and medicine, or the opportunity of an education, all of us benefit.
+Miracles come in many different forms. I believe that each of us has the capacity to create miracles for ourselves, for others and for our beautiful planet. I am looking forward to another decade filled with miracles. Please join us to make it happen!
+There are two ways to live: you can live as if nothing is a miracle; you can live as if everything is a miracle. Albert Einstein
+Note: If you enjoy my blog, could you please vote for me at the Culinary Hall of Fame? While you’re there, check out what Chef David and his wife, Pam Nelson are doing for culinary students. They’re awesome!
+- Peach and Nectarine Pie - September 29, 2021
+- Heirloom Tomato Salad with Tahini Dressing - September 28, 2021
+- Easy Pie Hacks for Great Results - September 28, 2021
+0 Responses
+Dear Patricia,
+I met you when you were at the Women Leaders of the World program at Santa Clara University. (I was dean of engineering there at the time and was one of the speakers.) I have always remembered the lessons you taught about vanilla, the tropical ecosystem, and the people whose livelihood depends on consumers buying pure vanilla products. This was before your cancer diagnosis, and I am both horrified to learn of your struggle and thrilled with your many victories.
+I (and probably many others) would very much appreciate an updated buyers guide to what constitutes legitimate vanilla products today. So many prepared foods (primarily ice cream) no longer say “pure vanilla extract” on the labels. Instead, they will say “real vanilla bean flecks” or “ground vanilla beans” or something else. I can’t tell if these provide real vanilla flavor or if they are the remnants after the vanilla flavor has been removed (with flavor than added artificially).
+I wish you all the best.
+Dan Pitt
+Palo Alto
+dan dot pitt at mac dot com
+Hi Patricia,
+We are absolutely captivated with your life. We just read your “Vanilla Queen” story and now this one, and are amazed with your passion and drive. Printing this post off to read whenever we question and doubt our new endeavor of ‘Season with Spice’.
+Very happy to hear your health situation has improved. The positive energy that exudes from your writing clearly shows that cancer didn’t stand a chance in you:)
+We just discovered your blog here, and can promise we will be coming back to read more.
+All the best,
+Reese & Mark
+P.S. Read that you love nutmeg. If you are ever in Penang, let us know, and we will take you out for some fresh nutmeg juice. Balik Pulau (the west side of Penang Island) grows the best nutmeg in the world.
+I wonder if there is a expiry date for pure vanilla? Can anyone answer this for me?
+Because pure vanilla extract has a high percentage of alcohol, it tends to age for the first year or so. Over time it can slowly lose its strength. It certainly will have it’s full strength for at least a year. My hope, however, is that you will use your vanilla extract or beans frequently enough that you won’t need to worry about expiration dates. Not only does it provide great flavor to all kinds of foods, it also helps to support the farmers who grow it so that we never lose this amazing tropical flavor and fragrance.
+Have you ever had an experience that felt SO important that you just knew you'd never be the same again afterward?
+That's what this journal entry was for me.
+At the end of this post, I'll tell you more about the actual impact. But for now, I just want you to know that this entry was a BIG one for me. And that's why I'm sharing it here.
+Since I wrote this, I've done a lot of thinking (and learning) about WHY this (and other similarly powerful entries) had the impact it (they) did. In other words, I've been asking myself, "What specifically was I doing that may have made the difference?"
+I'm actually in the process of recording my answers to that question — spelling out the things YOU TOO can do to create the conditions for a transformational journaling experience. You can find those answers in my upcoming journaling how-to guide.
+But, as I mentioned in another blog post, I think it's helpful for you to be able to see some specific examples. And so that's what you'll find below.
+One word of warning, though...
+This was a long journal entry. It took me about an hour of writing and reflecting.
+Don't let this scare you off, though, when it comes to your own journaling! An entry doesn't have to be this long to have a big impact.
+I cover the topic of length (and frequency) in the Journaling for Transformation workshop I'll be offering again soon. But meanwhile, I can tell you that I spent about half that amount of time on this other journal entry, and it ultimately turned out to be even more life-changing than the one you'll see below.
+(a little context)
+Most Tuesdays and Thursdays, in the very early morning hours, you'll find me tucked away in a nook at the back of a Starbucks here in Richmond, Virginia — sitting across a table from my dear friend Anne. She and I have been journaling partners for about three years now, meeting up before work twice a week to write together.
+My time with Anne is so precious to me — in part because of our friendship, but also because having this journaling date on our calendars helps hold me accountable for doing this kind of deep inner work at least twice a week. I often use my journal in a variety of ways throughout the week — for setting intentions, learning, planning, working through ideas, de-stressing, etc. — but what Anne and I do together is a true spiritual practice.
+Here's what our time together usually looks like...
+On this particular day, we were at a bit of a loss when it came to choosing a prompt. So I did a quick scan of our environment and noticed that the screen on Anne's iPhone had been badly cracked. I felt something inside me really respond to that visual, and so I suggested that we use that as our prompt. Anne agreed. And below is where that simple prompt took me...
+(a sample entry from my journal)
+I wasn't quite settled yet when I started writing this entry, so I began with a little free association...
+Our prompt is cracks . . .
+I think of cracking open, of broken things, of wabi-sabi and the beauty of imperfection. I think of wrinkles, and of childhood superstition in avoiding the cracks in the sidewalk. I think of cracks in one's façade — vulnerability, authenticity, shame. I think of openings.
+And before moving on to work with these associations, let me pause to record my observations about how much spiritual work happens here at Starbucks on weekday mornings.
+Our normal table is taken by someone with a Bible spread out in front of him, and he's not the first person I've seen here in that contemplative pose. And I've overheard other spiritual or religious dialogue here while Anne and I have been carrying on our own spiritual dialogues — with each other and with ourselves in the pages of our journals.
+A small but steady stream of people seems to be coming through this space to "crack themselves open" before starting their days.
+And there we are. While I was letting my mind free associate and wander, some wise part of me decided that "cracked open" was the particular angle I needed to take on the "cracks" prompt we had started out with.
+To dig in with that "cracked open" angle, I posed a couple of simple questions to myself that are always fruitful for me: "What does that mean?" and "What would that look like?"
+So now of course I have to ask myself what that means for me, what it looks like.
+In some ways, this morning I feel more open, bare, and unguarded than usual. Perhaps it's the interrupted night of sleep, my mind feels so fluid and more connected with dreamlike feelings and imagery, less linear or structured than usual, and it's working for me.
+In answering my question, I started really connecting with myself for the first time — noticing and naming my state of being. And doing that allowed me to go deeper with my answer when I posed the question a second time...
+But I'm not sure that's the definition of "cracked open”. What does that mean to me?
+Surrender. Unguardedness. A childlike quality, perhaps, in that there's no protective barrier between me and the world – just wide open experience, curiosity, wonder. Letting myself feel things. That's big. Do I yearn for this? I yearn for the yearning.
+Because the idea of "letting myself feel things" felt important, I decided to explore that further — along with the phrase "I yearn for the yearning," which had sort of surprised me when it appeared on my page...
+I remember a more emotional time in my life. It's probably true of all adults — we become more "practical" as we grow old, less magical in our thinking, more inured to life's emotional ups and downs.
+What prevents me now from inviting this kind of experience back into my being? It's certainly a more powerful way of living and experiencing, and it opens doors to more possibilities.
+There! I had just named for myself a spiritual obstacle I was experiencing — a failure to be fully open emotionally. And so I inquired yet again, essentially rephrasing my previous question, nudging myself toward an even deeper exploration...
+If I were to write the words, "Let me be cracked open today," what would I be asking for?
+I sat with that question for a good while — eyes closed, doing some deep inward listening to my own heart.
+And then I captured in writing what had come to me during that meditation...
+I close my eyes, and the image, the impulse that comes to me is to fall to my knees, crying. What am I crying about? Or crying for?
+I am crying, I think, over the adult restraints, roles, & responsibilities that drag me away from this space of pure emotion, pure connection, pure Worship of the Sacredness of Being.
+With those words, my experience that morning had reached a new level of emotional (and spiritual) depth. By sitting with myself and showing my heart that I was ready to listen to it, I opened a doorway to the very emotions whose absence I had been writing about. And I had named what I was really longing for...
+Cracked open, then, means no separation. It means nothing keeping me from the pure beauty of the experience I had the day of my archway meditation, nothing keeping me from the heart–soaring feelings I had in my youth when sensing a divine connection with what I then called God's love. And maybe — maybe — I would call it that today too.
+My language around all this, and even to some degree my beliefs, has been fluid. But the emotions, the sensations, the profound recognition when I am approaching or touching the Sacred, or merely when I'm longing for that connection in its absence — that has been constant and unchanging. Trying to put words to this is really fruitless, but I try nonetheless, because that is in part how I help myself find my way back to the feelings.
+At that point, I stopped. I didn't have adequate words for what I was talking about, and I was feeling an internal sense of release and resolution. I knew what I really meant by "cracked open". And I knew why it mattered so much to me.
+So I then did what I usually do when I feel finished with a journal entry. I read back over it to see what final reactions I might want to record.
+But it turns out I wasn't actually done yet...
+Reading back over this entry, it occurs to me that “cracked open” also means, hugely, letting go of control. You can’t be open and vulnerable and fully experiencing when you are trying to control things, control your circumstances or your own reactions.
+And as I write all this and read through it, I feel a tightness in my throat and tears that want to well up. What else are they saying to me? What would they have me do?
+Emotions like that are wise. They can tell you a lot if you're willing to listen. So I closed my eyes and listened inwardly yet again, in a sort of dialogue with the tears.
+That dialogue eventually led to a vision for the day ahead — a concrete understanding of what it would look like to be "cracked open" as I moved through my day...
+I’ve been closing my eyes and visualizing this for the last couple minutes. It’s hard to articulate well the difference as I picture my “cracked open” interactions during the day ahead, but the best way to describe it is to drop the need to be an adult in the interactions.
+Drop any professional stance or caretaking stance. You can love the people deeply — Carol, Katya, Dr. H., and of course beloved Anne across the table from me — but that doesn’t mean you have to be anything. Other than be present.
+Not present in the professional, coach kind of sense. Just Be. Here. Experience. Wonder. Let sacred energy flow through you — without willing it to. Just release. Let emotions bubble near the surface if they want to. And don’t be stymied by the fact that others will still be inhabiting the same world they were yesterday and that you were yesterday.
+There are no shoulds today. Yes, you will do the tasks you feel it’s important to do — including finishing [Project X]. That’s not the point.
+The point is the openness you bring to everything. And the memory that you are a living emotional-spiritual being, a glowing core of love and wonder inside what is usually a thick shell of responsibility, pride, and protection. Let that shine through the cracks today!
+And so it did! But more on that below...
+(what changed for me)
+After writing the above, I went through the rest of that day on the most amazing high. I was in love with the world. I felt a sense of deep human connection with everyone I encountered. I was awake, alive, and so open.
+And when I woke up the next day, it was still there with me — that "cracked open" state of being. In fact, the feeling hung around for many weeks. With no emotional barriers up, I was full of love and curiosity and enthusiasm. I was experiencing my life so much more fully.
+It was interesting to see how other people responded to me during this time. They seemed to open up to me more than usual. And — as if it was infectious — they too seemed to come alive a little bit more.
+It was also interesting to watch what happened when life threw me a curve ball. My mom had heart valve surgery a little over a month later, and while she was in the hospital, my dad got sick. Yet I managed to stay connected to my own heart through that whole experience — in a way that made me more loving, more spiritually grounded, and more able to offer myself exactly what I needed during that experience.
+But 2016 was a hard year for me. My father eventually died that July. And amidst all the health crises and emergency room visits, the home care and hospice arrangements, the difficult conversations and decisions — my "cracked open" state of being got lost.
+Or, more accurately, I lost sight of it. Because it wasn't gone. That experience had changed me, and it had left me with a sense memory of what it feels like to live that way — and the knowledge of what it takes.
+And while I've never (yet) completely returned to the cloud I was walking on for those many weeks after I wrote this entry, I've also never returned to the way I was before it either. I've been permanently opened up, heart and soul.
+What was it about this journal entry that made it so impactful?
+That's part of what I'm unpacking in my upcoming how-to guide for using journaling for personal transformation. Stay tuned!
+China 18 August 1997 CIETAC Arbitration proceeding (Vitamin C case) [translation available]
+[Cite as:]
+DATE OF DECISION:
+JURISDICTION:
+TRIBUNAL:
+JUDGE(S):
+DATABASE ASSIGNED DOCKET NUMBER: CISG/1997/26
+CASE NAME:
+CASE HISTORY: Unavailable
+SELLER'S COUNTRY: People's Republic of China (respondent)
+BUYER'S COUNTRY: Germany (claimant)
+GOODS INVOLVED: Vitamin C
+PRC: China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission,
+Vitamin C case of 18 August 1997
+Case law on UNCITRAL texts (CLOUT) abstract no. 681
+Reproduced with permission of UNCITRAL
+The buyer, a German company, entered into a contract with a Chinese company, the seller, for the purchase of Vitamin C. The shipment should take place from Dalian port, China, to Hamburg, Germany. Upon request of the buyer, the shipping date was extended. Shortly before the extension date, the seller requested a higher price, asserting that the price in the domestic market was increasing. The buyer rejected the seller's request, and the seller subsequently did not deliver the goods on the specified date. Two days later, the buyer declared the contract avoided [Art. 26 CISG] and asked its Hong Kong sister company to make a substitute purchase for half of the goods, which it needed urgently. The substitute purchase price was higher than the original contract price. After fruitless attempts to settle the issue, the buyer sought compensation for damages before an arbitral tribunal, including the price difference (Art. 76(1) CISG) calculated for all goods and the interest on it (Art. 78 CISG).
+The seller argued that the buyer failed to mitigate the loss within a reasonable time (Art. 77 CISG), stating that the date in issue should be when it requested a price increase for its performance. The seller further alleged that the buyer did not make the cover transaction in a reasonable manner, since it used two intermediary companies and did not buy directly from China, but Hong Kong. In addition, the seller maintained that the losses it could have foreseen were on a selling price range below the actual paid price by the seller (Art. 74 CISG).
+The arbitral tribunal held that, in absence of a contract clause, the applicable law to be Chinese law according to the principle of closest connection. Additionally, the CISG should apply [Art. 1(1)(a) CISG], since China and Germany were both State parties to the CISG. The tribunal noted that the seller's non-delivery of the goods was a fundamental breach of the contract [Art. 25 CISG], and that Art. 45(1), 74, 75, 76(1) CISG applied. The tribunal noted that the buyer's substitute transaction was made in a timely manner, since the decisive date was the declaration of avoidance by the buyer, and not the seller's request for a higher price. The use of and purchase from the Hong Kong intermediate was reasonable from the thencurrent situation. The tribunal further dismissed the seller's assertion that there was no ground for the buyer to use the cover purchase price as a basis to calculate the loss for the uncovered goods according to Art. 31(a) and 76(2) CISG, ruling that the seller failed to specify the then-current price at Dalian. The Tribunal thus accepted the buyer's claim for loss of price difference, reasoning that there were contracts and receipts evidencing the substitute transaction, and that the increase of the price, from the contract to the cover transaction's price, could have been foreseen by the seller. Pursuant to Art. 78 CISG, the tribunal ruled that the loss of price difference for the covered goods was an "other sum that is in arrears", while the other half was not. Consequently, the seller should only pay interest on the price difference for the cover transaction (half of the goods).Go to Case Table of Contents
+APPLICATION OF CISG: Yes [Article 1(1)(a)]
+APPLICABLE CISG PROVISIONS AND ISSUES
+Key CISG provisions at issue:
+Classification of issues using UNCITRAL classification code numbers:. 2380-2386
+Translation (English): Text presented below
+CITATIONS TO COMMENTS ON DECISION
+English: Dong WU, CIETAC's Practice on the CISG, at nn.58, 91, 147, 183, 221, Nordic Journal of Commercial Law (2/2005)Go to Case Table of Contents
+Vitamin C case (18 August 1997)
+Translation by [*] by LIU Ping [**]
+Translation edited by Meihua Xu [***]
+POSITION OF THE PARTIES
+[Buyer]'s claim
+On 26 July 1996, Claimant [Buyer] of Germany and Respondent [Seller] of the People's Republic of China concluded a contract for [Buyer] to purchase 30 tons of Vitamin C from [Seller]. The unit price was US $5.15 per kilogram CIF Hamburg; the total contract price was US $154,500. The shipping date was August 1996. The shipping harbor was Dalian harbor of the People's Republic of China, and the destination harbor was Hamburg, Germany.
+On 12 August and 20 August 1996, [Buyer] reminded [Seller] twice of the shipping obligation.
+On 21 August 1996, in its reply to [Buyer] via fax, [Seller] stated that "we will by all means ship the goods to you by 30 August 1996."
+On 28 August 1996, [Buyer] again reminded [Seller] of the shipping obligation. On 29 August 1996, in its fax reply, [Seller] asked for an extension of the shipping date to 15 September 1996. On 30 August 1996, [Buyer] sent a fax to [Seller], giving its consent to the extension.
+On 6 September 1996, [Seller] sent a fax to [Buyer], requesting an increase of the unit price from US $5.15 per kg to US $5.50 per kg. The reason given by [Seller] was that "as you know, the domestic market price [of Vitamin C] has increased; and the current market price is between US $5.70 to US $5.80 per kg". On the same day, [Buyer] rejected [Seller]'s request by fax.
+[Seller] did not ship the goods on 15 September 1996.
+On 17 September 1996, [Buyer] declared the contract avoided by a fax to [Seller]. [Buyer] calculated its losses caused by [Seller]'s breach in accordance with Articles 75 and 76 of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (1980) (hereinafter: "CISG"). At the same time, [Buyer] asked its Hong Kong sister company (hereinafter: "[Buyer]'s Sister Company") to purchase 15 tons of vitamin C under available most-favored conditions. The unit price of this transaction was US $5.90 per kg, as evidenced by a confirmation letter dated 20 September 1996 and the relevant invoice.
+With respect to the remaining 15 tons, [Buyer] claimed that at the time of declaration of avoidance, i.e., 17 September 1996, the CIF Hamburg price should be at least US $5.90 per kg or even above.
+From the date of declaration of avoidance (17 September 1996) to the date when [Buyer] requested arbitration (17 February 1997), [Buyer] tried several times to resolve the dispute with [Seller]. The parties' last attempt to resolve the dispute was on 8 December 1996, when [Seller] faxed to [Buyer]'s Sister Company, stating that it would deliver the goods to [Buyer] at a unit price of US $5.40 per kg, emphasizing that "this is because the market price is still US $5.85 per kg, as you know."
+On 10 December 1996, [Buyer] gave [Seller] a last chance to resolve the dispute, requesting that [Seller] should deliver the goods under the original contract price (US $5.15 per kg) by 31 December 1996.
+However, [Seller] has never delivered any goods to [Buyer]. [Buyer] therefore initiated this arbitration proceeding with the following requests:
+[Seller]'s reply
+1. [Seller] requested to join Jilin ** Food Industry Company as a third party in this arbitration proceeding.
+[Seller] concluded an agency agreement with Jilin** Food Industry Company (hereinafter: "Jilin Company") on 29 July 1996. Under Article 2(1) of the agency agreement, Jilin Company should arrange for production and packing of the goods in accordance with the relevant requirements in [Seller]'s supply contract, rent shipping space, apply for the relevant license, prepare the customs report forms and report to the customs for export. Based on this agency agreement, [Seller] concluded a supply contract with [Buyer]. Therefore, [Seller] should be an anonymous agent, with Jilin Company being the principal. It was due to Jilin Company's breach [of the agency agreement] that [Seller] failed to perform the supply contract [with Buyer]. To avoid the trouble of various arbitrations/litigations, [Seller] requested to join Jilin Company as a third party to this arbitration proceeding.
+2. [Buyer] failed to take timely measures to mitigate its losses and therefore should bear part of its losses by itself.
+On 9 September and 13 September 1996, [Seller] clearly notified the intermediate company (hereinafter: B Company) and [Buyer] that [Seller] would not perform the contract [with Buyer] if its request [for price increase] was not accepted [by Buyer]. [Buyer] should have made a substitute transaction at that time, and should not have delayed until 20 September.
+3. [Buyer] did not make the cover transaction in a reasonable manner.
+[Buyer] used two intermediate companies, namely H Company and [Buyer]'s Sister Company, to purchase 15 tons of Vitamin C at US $5.90 per kg. The place of origin of the goods was Shi Jia Zhuang [of the PRC]. There was no basis for [Buyer] not to purchase directly from China or entrust its sister company to purchase from China, but instead to repurchase at US $5.90 per kg through H Company. [Buyer] bears the burden to prove this [price of US $5.90 per kg], and should not merely take advantage of [Seller]'s reference to the domestic market price in its faxes [dated 6 September 1996 and 8 December 1996] -- apparently, [Seller] exaggerated the domestic market price in its fax(es), and this is easily understandable. According to [Seller]'s estimation, H Company purchased the goods from Shi Jia Zhuang at US $5.40-5.50 per kg; and [Buyer] could have repurchased the goods at the same price, while it repurchased at US $5.90 per kg. This is unacceptable to [Seller]. In addition, [Seller] cannot accept [Buyer]'s evidence regarding the repurchase. For example, it is not clear from [Buyer]'s exhibit whether the price [for the repurchase] is a CIF price or a C&F price. As shown by [Buyer]'s exhibit, [Buyer] did not confirm the purchase upon the request of [Buyer]'s Sister Company. And [Buyer] has provided neither the Bill of Lading nor any payment certificate regarding the repurchase.
+4. There is not sufficient evidence in support of the usage of US $5.90 per kg as the basis to calculate the price difference.
+[Buyer] intended to use US $5.90 per kg to calculate its losses for both the 15 tons cover purchase and the remaining 15 tons. According to Article 31(a) and 76(2) of the CISG, the price at the place of delivery (Dalian, PRC) on 9 September 1996, rather than the price at Hong Kong on 20 September 1996, should be the current price. The then-current market sale prices [on 9 September 1996] of domestic producers were all between US $5.40 to 5.50 per kg.
+5. It is apparently unfair to use US $ 5.90 per kg to calculate the price difference.
+As shown by [Seller]'s exhibit, [Seller] signed the agency agreement at US $4.85 per kg. The price difference between the agency agreement and the supply contract with [Buyer] is only US $0.30 per kg, and the contract price difference is only US $9,000. In normal situations, [Buyer] would purchase the goods at US $5.15 per kg, and sell out at most at US $5.40 - 5.50 per kg. [Buyer]'s gross profits would not exceed US $0.35 per kg and [Buyer]'s gross profits for 30 tons would be no more than US $10,500. [Seller], at the time of conclusion of the contract, foresaw losses caused by its breach of no more than US $10,500. [Seller] could by no means foresee losses of US $22,500 as requested by [Buyer]. Under Article 74 of the CISG, [Buyer]'s request for US $22,500 is groundless in law.
+6. [Buyer]'s notice of declaration of avoidance was not sent to [Seller].
+Most business communications between [Buyer] and [Seller] were through the intermediate B Company. As shown by [Buyer]'s exhibit, transmission of the [avoidance] information was quite complicated, including transfer by [Buyer]'s Sister Company. [Buyer]'s notice of declaration of avoidance was not sent to [Seller] and therefore the declaration was not effective.
+7. [Buyer]'s request for interest is groundless.
+[Buyer] requests interest at the rate of 9% from 17 September 1996. According to Article 78 of the CISG, there was no failure [by Seller] "to pay the price or any other sum that is in arrears" in this case.
+[Buyer]'s rebuttal
+1. [Seller] submitted that a third party Jilin Company should be liable to [Seller]. [Buyer] does not object to [Seller]'s raising this issue. However, this cannot change [Seller]'s legal status, that to [Buyer] in this case, [Seller] should be the liable entity.
+2. [Seller]'s accusation that [Buyer] failed to purchase cover goods earlier to mitigate its losses is without justification. On 29 August 1996, [Seller] requested to postpone the shipping date to 15 September 1996. Therefore, [Buyer] had reason not to buy any cover goods before 15 September 1996. The contents of [Seller]'s faxes dated 9 September and 13 September 1996 were not quite clear. The two faxes cannot be interpreted as [Seller]'s final refusal to perform the whole contract. As understood by [Buyer], the main contents of the two faxes were [Seller]'s request to increase the price of the goods.
+3. [Buyer] purchased the cover goods, i.e., 15 tons of Vitamin C, in a reasonable manner. At that time, [Buyer] needed this amount [e.g., 15 tons of Vitamin C] urgently, and the best means for [Buyer] to obtain Chinese goods was to purchase through its Hong Kong sister company. It should be noted that [Buyer]'s Sister Company had no profit at all in this [cover] transaction - it purchased from H Company at US $5.90 per kg and sold to [Buyer] at the same price.
+4. Firstly, with respect to the first 15 tons of goods, [Buyer] is entitled to the price difference calculated on the basis of US $5.90 per kg, because [Buyer] purchased the cover goods under such price. Secondly, [Buyer] is also entitled to the price difference for the uncovered 15 tons of goods calculated under US $5.90 per kg, because [Buyer] could easily sell out these goods under such price.
+5. It is not unfair to use US $5.90 per kg as a basis to calculate the price difference. When calculating [Buyer]'s losses, [Seller] forgot the fact that then the market price was increasing.
+6. [Seller]'s statement that it did not receive [Buyer]'s fax of 17 September 1996 is not very convincing. [Buyer] attaches the dispatch record of its 17 September 1996 fax as evidence. The dispatch record shows the number of ***, which is the then-current fax number of [Seller], including the national code of China and the regional code. The fax was sent from Germany. In addition, according to Article 49(1)(b) of the CISG, [Buyer]'s request for arbitration dated 17 February 1997 can also be regarded as [Buyer]'s declaration of avoidance.
+7. Article 78 of the CISG does not expressly provide for any interest rate for sums in arrears. The 9% interest rate is the rate that [Buyer] must pay to its bank for its letter of credit in US dollars. As compared with other countries, the 9% interest rate is quite reasonable.
+OPINION OF THE ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL
+1. [Buyer] and [Seller] have no agreement on the applicable substantive law in this case. The place of contract performance and the forum of arbitration are both in China. According to the principle that "the law of the State with the closest connection to the contract applies", the applicable substantive law in this case should be Chinese law. Because China and Germany are both signatories to the CISG, the CISG should also apply in this case.[1]
+2. The Arbitral Tribunal does not uphold [Seller]'s request to join Jilin Company as a third party in this case. This is because there is no arbitration agreement between Jilin Company and any party in this case. In addition, the contract between [Buyer] and [Seller] clearly stated that [Buyer] was the buyer and [Seller] was the seller. [Seller]'s claim that it is an anonymous agent but not the seller is not established.
+3. [Seller] did not ship the goods in accordance with the contract and the [shipping] date of 15 September 1996 as later agreed by [Buyer] and [Seller], and requested to increase the price. [Buyer] did not accept [Seller]'s request for price increase. After the expiry of the final shipping date of 15 September 1996, [Buyer] declared the contract avoided on 17 September 1996. Thereafter, [Buyer] and [Seller] failed to resolve the dispute by negotiation. Since the negotiation was fruitless, [Seller] should have delivered the goods to [Buyer] in accordance with the contract. However, [Seller] did not deliver any goods. This constituted a fundamental breach of contract. Article 18 of the Foreign Economic Contract Law of People's Republic of China provides that:
+Article 45(1)(b) of the CISG provides that:
+Under Article 74 of the CISG:
+Under Article 75 of the CISG:
+According to Article 76 [(1)] of the CISG:
+In accordance with these provisions, the Arbitral Tribunal upholds [Buyer]'s request for damages. The total damages due to [Buyer] are US $22,500, with the calculation as follows:
+(1) 15 tons of cover goods
+Unit price for cover purchase: US $5.90
+Total price for cover purchase: US $88,500
+Price for 15 tons under the contract: US $77,250
+Price difference: US $11,250
+(2) 15 tons of un-repurchased goods
+Current price [at the time of avoidance]: US $5.90
+Price difference: US $11,250
+(3) Price difference for 30 tons: US $22,500
+The Arbitral Tribunal sustains [Buyer]'s request for US $22,500, because [Buyer]'s cover purchase at Hong Kong for 15 tons is supported and evidenced by the relevant contract and invoice, and the price is reasonable given the then-current international market situation. [Buyer]'s use of US $5.90 as the current price to calculate the difference between the contract price for the remaining un-repurchased 15 tons and the current price [at the time of avoidance] is also reasonable and practical.
+In regard to [Buyer]'s request for interest, the Arbitral Tribunal notes the provision of Article 78 of the CISG:
+The Arbitral Tribunal holds that one-half of US $22,500 is an "other sum that is in arrears", that is, the losses caused by the price difference [between the contract and the cover purchase] in the amount of US $11,250 is an "other sum that is in arrears", while the other half, calculated on the basis of the current price [at the time of avoidance], in the amount of US $11,250, does not constitute an "other sum that is in arrears". Therefore, [Seller] should only pay interest on US $11,250 at the annual rate of 9% from 15 November 1996 to the date of actual payment, but not any interest on the other US $11,250.
+4. [Seller] submits that [Buyer] did not take timely measures to mitigate its losses and therefore should bear part of its losses by itself. [Seller] claims that the cover purchase by [Buyer] on 20 September 1996 is not timely. The Arbitral Tribunal cannot sustain [Seller]'s submission and claim. The final shipping date as agreed by [Buyer] and [Seller] was 15 September 1996, [Seller] did not ship the goods on 15 September, and [Buyer] declared the contract avoided on 17 September 1996 and immediately purchased cover goods on 20 September 1996. This is timely.
+5. [Seller] states that [Buyer] did not purchase cover goods in a reasonable manner, that is, [Buyer] should have purchased from the place of origin Shi Jia Zhuang, rather than from any Hong Kong intermediate, to reduce the purchase price. The Arbitral Tribunal disagrees with [Seller]. Judging from the then-current actual situations, it was practical and reasonable for [Buyer] to purchase from a Hong Kong intermediate; and according to the then-current market price, the purchase price through the Hong Kong intermediate was also reasonable and practical. In addition, it is not practical and feasible to request that [Buyer] must purchase directly from the Chinese producer.
+6. [Seller] claims that it is ungrounded for [Buyer] to use US $5.90 per kg as a basis to calculate the price difference because, according to Articles 31(a) and 67(2) of the CISG, the price at the place of delivery (Dalian) on 9 September should be the current price, rather than the price at Hong Kong on 20 September, and that the then-current market sale prices of domestic producers in China were all between US $5.40 to 5.50 per kg. The Arbitral Tribunal cannot uphold [Seller]'s claims. Firstly, [Buyer] has purchased cover goods. Secondly, [Seller] did not specify the then-current market price at Dalian. [Seller] only stated that "the then-current market sale prices of domestic producers in China were all between US $5.40 to 5.50 per kg". It is questionable whether there existed any current price at Dalian at that time. Thirdly, given the international and domestic market situations together, it was reasonable for [Buyer] to purchase cover goods at US $5.90 per kg.
+7. [Seller] claims that it is unfair for [Buyer] to calculate the price difference at US $5.90 per kg, because at the time of conclusion of the contract [Seller] foresaw possible losses being no more than US $10,500; and under Article 74 of the CISG, [Buyer]'s request for US $22,500 was groundless in law. The Arbitral Tribunal cannot support [Seller]'s claim. Firstly, [Seller]'s statement that the losses that it could foresee were no more than US $10,500 is based on [Seller]'s own possible profits as foreseen by it, but not what is provided by Article 74 of the CISG:
+Secondly, the domestic market price was increasing at that time, and it is not abnormal for the price to increase from US $5.15 per kg to US $5.90 per kg. Thirdly, [Buyer]'s evidence of its cover purchase at US $5.90 per kg is conclusive, and this price is reasonable.
+8. [Seller] submits that [Buyer]'s notice of declaration of avoidance was not sent to [Seller] and therefore the declaration of avoidance was not effective. As investigated, [Buyer]'s notice was sent to [Seller] by fax at ** p.m. on 17 September 1996. Therefore, the Arbitral Tribunal cannot agree with [Seller]'s submission.
+9. [Seller] should bear all arbitration fees in this case.
+10. [Buyer] and [Seller] should each respectively bear its other expenses in relation to this case.
+THE AWARD
+This arbitral award is final.
+FOOTNOTES
+* All translations should be verified by cross-checking against the original text. For purposes of this translation, Claimant of Germany is referred to as [Buyer]; Respondent of the People's Republic of China is referred to as [Seller]. Amounts in the currency of the United States (dollars) are indicated as [US $].
+** LIU Ping, Lawyer, Baker & McKenzie, Beijing, People's Republic of China, LL.M., Harvard Law School, 2003-2004; Master of Civil nd Commercial Law, Tsinghua University Law School, 2000-2003.
+***.
+1. Note by translator: In this case, the Arbitral Tribunal applied both Chinese substantive law and the CISG.
+2. Note by translator: The Foreign Economic Contract Law of People's Republic of China was superseded by the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China (effective 1 October 1999).
+Article 18 of the Foreign Economic Contract law provides that:
+The relevant provision under the Contract Law is Article 112, which provides:
+"If a party fails to perform his contractual obligations or performs his contractual obligations in a way other than agreed upon and, after such party has performed his obligations or remedied the failure to perform or the non-conformity of the performance, the other party has suffered other loss, the first-mentioned party shall compensate therefor."
+I Collect Miniature Books
+I love books and I’m very attracted to tiny objects, which made it almost inevitable that I would become a collector of miniature books.
+What is a miniature book? The most basic definition relates to size: Purists define a miniature book as being 3 inches or less in its largest dimension. Some collectors accept up to 4 inches (these are termed macrominiatures). Some collectors confine their collections to books under 2 inches; others only collect the microminiatures or dollhouse size (under an inch).
+As to other types of categorization, subjects and collection focuses for miniature books are as varied as they would be for any other type of library. Some people collect only fairy tales, or modern authors, or Shakespeare. Some concentrate on bibles (usually termed “Thumb” Bibles) or almanacs. There are collectors who only gather antique volumes, while others prefer more recent publications. Quite a few people focus on special or unusual bindings. I’ve seen miniature books bound into wine corks and walnut shells; books covered in embossed sterling silver and mother of pearl; books shaped like frogs or pieces of fruit; books in the form of circles or hearts.
+So what do I collect? I concentrate on a few different areas. I like fiction, especially fairy tales. I like beautiful bindings. I’m not that interested in novelty bindings, though (wine corks and nutshells, for example); I’m intrigued to see them but I tend not to acquire them. My primary criterion is that the book be readable. For this reason, I tend to prefer books in the 2 – 3 inch range. I like illustrations and prefer original illustrations to reproductions. I’m not a big fan of miniature books that simply take a larger book and shrink it down (not that I don’t own any, because sometimes the subject is more important to me). I do own some dollhouse-size miniature books. They were my first introduction to miniature books and there is still fascination in the idea that such a tiny volume can contain so much actual text. But my true collecting instinct was not engaged until I discovered the larger size. These bigger volumes are very akin to the traveling libraries that were prevalent in earlier times, when travel took weeks and months and one of the few avenues of entertainment en route was to read. Since space was limited, the books had to be small. Now, of course, we have e-readers and can carry thousands of books in our palms. Minus the charm. And the romance.
+Why Miniature Books?
+I think part of the intrigue of miniature books is that the small format allows presentation of short material that would get lost in a larger volume. For example, I produced a book containing a poem by David Mamet. In a large book, the poem wouldn’t take up half a page. In the miniature volume, each phrase occupies a page and can be savored. Another advantage of such a small format is that materials can be used that would be prohibitively expensive — or just too delicate — for a full-sized volume. Handmade papers, silks, fine leathers, even jewels or precious metals can be incorporated into this diminutive form. To bind a full-size volume in leather, for example, might require up to an entire skin for a single volume. A complete edition of miniature books would likely use no more than one hide. Instead of yards of silk, the job can be done for half a yard. For a designer, this is a huge advantage.
+Comparing Miniature Book Sizes
+A miniature book is generally defined as having a maximum measurement of 3 inches in its largest dimension, although some collectors include books up to 4 inches (known as macrominiatures. No minimum dimension is defined and over the years competition has existed to produce the smallest miniature book, with many candidates being so tiny they would get lost in a crack if dropped! Some are so small they can’t be seen without a magnifying glass.
+This photo shows the more generally accepted size range, arranged on a standard-size paperback book for scale. The red book on the left is 3 inches high; the small blue book on the right is about an inch. Some of the books in the shot glass are between 5/8″ and 3/4″. Books under an inch are categorized as microminiatures or dollhouse size.
+Three Creative Bindings
+Here are three examples of miniature books whose bindings make them as much art objects as books. Each book is completely readable and — when removed from its elaborate casing — adheres to a traditional book structure (pages and covers). From left:
+Masks (Poole Press), explores mask designs from various cultures. The book slides into the bottom “stairstep” of the box. The box itself is a shadowbox that contains a specially designed, fully dimensional mask. Pequeño Press is the publisher of Sleep Achiever, the bed design in the center. The book’s cover is padded and stitched to resemble a bed with pillows and coverlet. The book slips into a handmade, antiqued brass bed frame complete with railings and bed-knobs. Finally, Bo Press’ The Masked Ball, a collaboration with author Prue Batten, who wrote the original story. The book and box are bound in pink-and-white striped paper accented with black lace. The shadowbox that houses the book showcases a golden mask complete with tiny feathers and a handle.
+A Short History of Miniature Books
+The earliest miniature books date from the Middle Ages — one-of-a-kind, hand scribed and illuminated manuscripts — primarily devotionals and bibles used by royalty. The first printed miniature book was Diurnale Moguntinum, a pocket-size volume printed in 1468 by Peter Schoffer, assistant and successor to Johann Gutenberg.
+Another early printer of small books was Greek and Latin scholar Aldus Manutius; in the the late 15th century his Aldine Press in Venice was well known for miniature reproductions of early classical writings.
+Miniature books were very popular in England and France during the 17th and 18th centuries; ladies and gentlemen of the period carried in their pockets not only prayer books and bibles but also books of poems and almanacs. Almanacs, many illustrated with beautiful engravings, were in especially high demand. These tiny books (including dictionaries, almanacs, and the works of Shakespeare) often were bound with expensive leathers, mother of pearl, tortoiseshell, bone, silver, and even gold.
+Small format children’s books have been produced since the mid-19th century, and such fine artists as Caldecott, Walter Crane, and Kate Greenaway illustrated miniature books for children. In 1901, Beatrix Potter published Peter Rabbit, the first of her many juvenile miniature classics. In America, miniature books for children were often used for educational purposes, such as teaching the alphabet.
+Miniature books have long been associated with the famous, including:
+Queens:
+- At her execution, Anne Boleyn carried a tiny gold-bound book of psalms containing a frontispiece portrait of Henry VIII.
+- In 1570, Elizabeth I publisher her own miniature book containing six prayers translated into French, Greek, Italian, and Latin.
+- Queen Mary (mother of the present Queen of England) owns a dollhouse that contains an entire library of miniature books.
+Emperors and Empresses:
+- Napoleon Bonaparte had a miniature traveling library.
+- Empress Eugenie had a collection of several thousand tiny books that were destroyed during the Commune.
+Presidents and Patriots:
+- Abraham Lincoln carried a miniature prayer book with him when he rode circuit as a lawyer in Illinois.
+- Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a large collection of miniature books in his Hyde Park library.
+- Benjamin Franklin, who had his own traveling library of miniature books, is known to have printed a scaled-down version of Poor Richard’s Almanac.
+Famous Authors:
+- The Bronté sisters wrote miniature books when they were young
+Collecting miniature books is popular in many parts of the world, including Latin America, France, Italy, Eastern Europe, Holland, Russia, and Japan (where they are called mame-hon or “bean-sized books”).
+A Sampling of Miniature Books
+Within the basic miniature book framework, many design approaches and formats are possible. This grouping features several:
+- On the left is the Lewis Carroll poem Jabberwocky, playfully presented by Maryline Poole Adams (Poole Press). Eschewing the traditional page and cover approach, she married the text and her own wood engravings to a Jacob’s ladder structure that flips and moves so that the nonsense poem shifts for the reader.
+- From Rags to Rushes (Oak Park Press), is a personal favorite because of its content. This is a little manual about making handmade paper and it contains a number of paper samples with descriptions of how they were made. Among the samples is a beautiful mid-blue paper made entirely from old denim jeans and another made from a pile of no-longer-worn silk ties!
+- Good Book Press, operated by Peter and Donna Thomas, made the tiny baby book covered in lavender fabric decorated with little bunnies and carrots. The book is meant to be filled in with personal information. A simple and beautiful presentation using paper made by hand for this edition.
+- Miniature books are made in many countries. In the foreground is a small, immaculately produced volume from Japan.
+A Variety of Subjects
+Here’s another small group of miniature books from my shelves. Minding the Store is a faithful miniature reproduction of the full-size book by Neiman-Marcus mogul Stanley Marcus. Mr. Marcus was an avid collector of miniature books. He is quoted as saying that his collecting was getting out of hand and his wife kind of put her foot down about adding any more things. But miniature books, were small enough to be smuggled home in a coat pocket! Eventually, Marcus started his own miniature publishing venture, Somesuch Press, and went on to publish quite a few miniature books.
+Other books in this photo: Next to Minding the Store is the text of a 1921 essay on the history of the alphabet. It is decorated with printer’s ornaments arranged in various configurations. The cover of the book is cloth that has been printed with a pattern of printers’ ornaments. In purple is The Cask of Amontillado, Poe’s classic story, as published by Bromer Booksellers — one of the best-known bookstores and proponents of miniature books in the world. In front is a 3-volume set of books, focusing on shoes, hats, and bags. Each book is an alphabet, featuring terminology related to the subject matter. Each book is bound in a different marbled paper. Delightfully illustrated.
+Two Approaches to One Subject
+Here are two very different miniature books dealing with Mary, Queen of Scots.
+On the left is the book published by Ash Ranch Press and authored by Laurence Hines. It is a two-part, back-to-back, fictional treatment of Mary Stuart and her Executioner on the solemn day of the Eighth of February, 1587. Its two covers are covered in maroon and black calf (respectively, Mary and Executioner), visually linked at the spine by a pair of tiny hinges.
+The book on the right was designed and produced by Poole Press. It focuses on a very different aspect of Mary’s life — her passion for embroidery and needlework. The inside text describes and discusses this work. The cover is hand embroidered and then wrapped in a special fabric case.
+Erté Maquettes: A Personal Experience
+Erte Maquettes is one of the miniature books I designed and produced under my Rebecca Press imprint. Erte was a fashion illustrator and theatrical costume designer whose fabulous designs appeared on nearly every issue of Harper’s Bazar magazine in the mid-1930s [note: the magazine now spells it “Bazaar” but when Erte worked for them it was “Bazar”]. Being a great fan of his work, I hoped to produce a miniature book that featured it. While on a trip to England I worked up the nerve to approach his agents; they graciously gave me permission to make my book. Furthermore, they offered me something unexpected and very exciting: material that had not been published before.
+Some background: When Erté was designing covers for Harper’s Bazar his practice was to create 4 or 5 different designs for consideration. These “maquettes” were done in a small scale, perhaps 5 inches high. Once a design was selected, it was rendered in full size and in full detail. So of every 5 designs, only one would actually be published. Erté kept all of the maquettes and it was these tiny pieces of art that were offered to me for my book. Eventually, I selected 44 illustrations to be produced in full color. I designed two bindings for the book. The regular edition was bound in black silk with silver leather on the spine. The more opulent deluxe edition was bound in cobalt blue snakeskin inlaid with black calf, seed pearls, and a diamond. It was housed in a special box made of sterling silver, black and silver calf, and the cobalt snakeskin, with a black tassel. Erté agreed to sign the deluxe copies.
+A highlight of this experience was the opportunity to meet Erté and to present him with a deluxe copy of the book. When I met him at his birthday party the previous evening he was wearing a tuxedo with snakeskin lapels (!) and when I gave him the book he told me that cobalt was one of his favorite colors. I’d figured it might be because he often used that particular color in his illustrations, so it was gratifying to know that I’d been right.
+The composite picture above shows both bindings of the book and a few of the illustrations from it.
+A Closer Look at a Few Rebecca Press Titles
+This miniature cookbook, co-published with Poole Press, was produced in two different bindings. The “informal” one features red and white checked cloth with a paper “plate” label and stamped silver place setting. The “formal” version is bound in white damask with a gold-stamped place setting and a miniature china plate set on the cover. The recipes featured represent each of the first 10 cities in which the Miniature Book Society held its annual meetings.
+Two Eleanor Farjeon stories are contained in this book: The Seventh Princess and The Goldfish. The stories are presented in an upside-down format, back to back, so that each story has its own front cover. To go from one to the other, the book is flipped on its vertical axis. Essentially, the book has 2 front covers.
+Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright David Mamet penned the first edition poem The New House that is the text of this book. The book features a wooden cover done to resemble a front door, complete with cut-out fanlight and a real brass doorknob with keyhole escutcheon. The door “opens” to reveal an interior room scene on the endpapers. The book contains original wood engravings. A bound-in bookmark has a tiny brass key on the end.
+The full text of Washington Irving’s Legend of Sleepy Hollow is presented in this book that features original illustrations and a genuine Sleepy Hollow postage stamp as frontispiece. The stamped and inlaid leather cover design replicates the stamp design. A matching slipcase has a curved orange edge to evoke a sliver of moon.
+Pingback: I Collect Miniature Books | Mood Swings & Other Furniture
+Beautiful blog! I love the information and photos.
+LikeLiked by 1 person
+Thank you, Todd. Always like an excuse to browse my tiny library!
+Come to McKinney. Come to McKinney. Come to McKinney. You know you want to. You KNOW WE WANT YOU TO!
+As the great Michelangelo stated: “I am always learning!” I really enjoy reading this and looking at your blog overall!!!
+Thank you, Gail. That means a lot to me.
+Hello Rebecca, What a beautiful collection of mini books you have created! Your imagination goes beyond one can think of! Congratulations! Thank you also for the excellent information you present here in your blog. My favorite books so far are Sleepy Hollow, love the design you did on the cover and Erte’s book, just by your description, I can tell the deluxe format is a jewel by itself! You are a wonderful artist indeed, and I am so honored that I got to know your beautiful work….” Thank you so much… I look forward to seeing you here in Seattle in the near future…”
+In life all of us have to make choices. All of us are expected to choose what is good for us and what we can do. And this has nothing to do with that the fact that the person is a man or a woman. Its not that only women have to make choices and men can have it all, men have to make choices and compromises too. But more often than not a woman is expected to make choices, and let the man have his way. People expect women to be born with that compromising attitude and if she does not have it in her, then she is not a good lady. She is considered selfish and arrogant. Who decides that women have to make compromises? If society's rule book dictates these terms then I am proud to not adhere to it and stand out. Why are we all letting go of what we want to do and following something that does not make sense in the first place. Isn't that the biggest form of compromise that we all are making. And that too by lying to ourselves. It is definitely not worth it.
+Women should be adjusting, they should be accommodating. Women should put their partners choices ahead of them and compromise on their own choices. A woman should accept whatever is put in front of her without complaining. In her late teens, she is expected to put her studies and ambitions aside and learn cooking to impress her future husband. Once married, she should give up all her desires and spend the rest of her life satiating her husband. When she has her kids, she has to leave everything and cater to their every need, without flinching. Wow, these are exactly the things that I cannot and do not want to do. I myself have been a victim of the society's expectations where I have been asked to choose between this or that. And I'm proud of the fact that I did not bow down to any of that have stood strong and tall.
+I'm sharing four most important stories of my life here.
+1. Love or Career.
+This is a very personal battle and something that I am very proud about. I had just gotten out of a relationship and I was feeling really low. I put all the focus and extra time I had into work and excelled at it. I reached the peak of my career and people wanted me to work for them at any cost. I had become almost indispensable and they could not do without me. I was enjoying my success and was absolutely in love with my work. And then after a year, love found me again. As much as I wanted to embrace it, people warned me against it. They told me that a man might hold me back from my work. I found that utterly unreasonable, yet, they wouldn't stop. Someone told me that being in a relationship right now would mean a distraction and that I cannot focus enough on my work. They told me that I will lose out on all my success and it would be a let down for me. But I was not the one to listen to them. I went ahead with what my heart told me. I was madly in love with the man, but that did not mean that I didn't love my work anymore. I chose love and work and balanced it beautifully. Of course there were time constraints, but what is life without multitasking? All it needs is a little extra effort and you can achieve it all. Today I'm doing extremely well at work and am happily married to the same man I fell in love with. Who says a compromise is needed in love or life? If you have the determination to do something, you can have it all.
+2. Regular job or Writing.
+I started taking writing seriously about two years ago. Until then the writing was only for me and it was an out flow for my thoughts. But then it started going really well and I started writing fiction pieces that people loved. The response I received for my stories were very encouraging and then writing became a parallel career for me. When people found out that this is not the only thing I do, but am in a regular job as well, they asked me to quit either one of it. A woman should not be over ambitious they said, I laughed at them. They told me that I cannot follow two passions at the same time. Job or writing was the choice in front of me. Without thinking twice, I knew that I was not the one to succumb to this 'or'. I wanted to do both. I finish my regular 10 to 6 job and after that take time out for my writing. I do not miss a day of both. It is my dedication to both my passions that has kept me going. I have no intention of proving it to the world that I can do both. I just want to do it for myself. Today my own fiction book is in progress and so is my regular job. And both of them are in a very good place. Had I chosen to kneel down the 'or', then there is no way I would have been at peace with myself. Choosing the 'and' here has giving me so much of happiness and contentment that I am so proud of the choice that I did not make.
+3. Passions or Marriage.
+My mother told me just one thing on my wedding day. To continue to do what I have to do and to never compromise on my happiness. She has been a working lady throughout her life and I look up to her. It wasn't my parents who had a problem with my job and creativity, it was others. They told me to quit my work and settle into holy matrimony. Work or marriage, I was asked to choose. They told me that I cannot manage both and would fail at being a good wife. I smiled and told them that I know what I was doing. Quitting my job would be last thing that I do in my life. It was difficult at first, to manage the household chores and a regular job. But with a little extra effort it can be achieved easily. I found a neat balance between my professional and personal work, and yet people would not stop talking. When I chose to write along with my work, they told me that I cannot do both and choose one of it. When I wanted to read, paint and dance, they told me that I should choose cooking and just do that because I was a woman and I am not allowed to be the master of all. It was the most ridiculous thing that I had ever heard. But then again, some people love to abide by the society rule book. Good for them. But I was not born to make choices, I was born to do whatever I felt. And hence, here I am today.
+4. Traditions or beliefs.
+I fell with love with a man who belonged to an orthodox Brahmin family. Nobody from his family opposed the fact that I was a non-Brahmin and a meat lover. But I had to choose between my own beliefs of being a modern and independent girl or to embrace their traditional customs. There were people who went to the extent of telling that I would not be able to fit into the family, because I was way too modern. Yes, modern I am and I am anything but religious. I know there is a God and that is all there is to it. I do not chant mantras or slogans nor do I visit temples. That does not mean that I'm an atheist and am hell bent upon embracing blasphemy. I respect the traditions of my in-laws and take part in it wholeheartedly. And the same time holding on to my beliefs and modernity. Today I love my kanjeevaram saree as much as I love my skinny jeans. I can carry off a salwar kameez just like the way I carry off hot pants. I chose to be traditional and modern. Why do I have to stick to a modern outlook and shun the traditions? Or why do I have to accept all the traditions and let go off my beliefs? I wanted to do both and have so far managed to go a very good job at it. This does not mean that I'm that cliched girl who is traditional with a modern outlook. I am that girl who is traditional and modern at the same time. I have my beliefs, my modern thoughts, my faith and my mind at the right place.
+Having to choose between simple pleasures of life is a punishment for anyone. And more so if you are constantly expected to choose just because you are a woman, then it is something that all of us have to fight for. Why can't a woman multitask and have all that she wants? Just because she is good at one thing doesn't mean that that is all she is supposed to do. She is not a door mat that people use to walk around. She is the lady of a house and she has as much ambitions as anybody else. I refuse to bow down to the conditions laid in front of me. I refuse to cave in to the hypocrisies of society. I refuse to abide by the nonsensical society rule book. I am my sole owner and I know what I want from life. And I shall not rest until I achieve what I want to. All the 'OR's in my way will be turned into 'AND's and I shall march ahead with my head held high.
+This post is a part of #UseYourAnd activity at BlogAdda in association with Gillette Venus.
+Loving the initiative by BA :) Well, who tells you can't do a regular job and write? We do. (I do that too :D Couldn't help but write that.. ;) )
+Liked the view points again. Simple, do what you want!
+I'm glad you do too! Believe me, a lot of people tell me to not do that.
+But then again, I do what I want to :)
+very nicely written...touched my heart
+Thanks Ruchika! :)
+Love never asks you to choose, it's always the others who do. My mom had to choose between 2 things a lot and hence she ingrained in me that I should never have to choose between 2 things when I could do both and especially when I wanted to do both. Her pain and lessons became the stepping stones of my life.
+I'm so proud of you and your mom :)
+You go girl! There need not be compromises when you can have the best of both worlds. You are an inspiration for all the women out there, including me :) Hugs!
+You are too kind Aathira :)
+Love!
+I am a novice blogger and I can't tell you how much inspiration this blog post emanates :) I totally agree with you when you say that choosing between things that are close to our heart is like a punishment. Why do we have to choose if we can put in that extra bit and have them all?!! It is high time we burnt that rule book :)
+Oh yeah indeed it is :)
+way to go girl !!!! ...someday i will come running to you for all the tips :)
+Best part is you are doing what you love to do and in the end thats all that really matters :) so cheers to all your AND's
+Thank you dear! :)
+Good one, Soumya. I faced a lot of challenges when I started to work after baby. And all the challenges were verbal, coming from people who have nothing to do with my life.
+Only the outsiders are known for throwing challenges your way. The best part is there is absolutely no need to prove yourself to them.
+I liked the way you have shaped your life and career.To hold on to one's beliefs and yet be gentle with those who matter most is no easy job but is no reason to compromise. Glad your fiction book is on the anvil.
+Thank you KP.
+wowww loved your post lady......very inspiring....
+Thank you!
+See people are there to do the talking. We know our potential and stretching your efforts anything is posible.
+Hats off to you lady for this balance.
+- Jan 20
+- Jan 06
+- Jan 04
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+Erris and Shiver go over the week's news in Star Citizen
+Q: What’s up with the F8 Lightning?
+A: You don’t get the F8 Lightning until Squadron 42 is out. Basically the way it works, there are a few ships where, if you make it far enough in Squadron 42 that you can fly those ships, then you get a badge in the PU to be able to buy those ships in-game with UEC.
+As a thank you to the backers who have supported at a very high level, they get the F8 Lightning outright once Squadron 42 is out.
+To be clear, this is the F8C that people can acquire. Not the F8A which is what you fly in Squadron. The F8C has civilian equipment while the F8A has military equipment.
+Q: Will Squadron 42 let the player be a female character?
+A: Absolutely. 100%. As they are still working on animations, they only wanted to use one skeleton/character (the male) so that they don’t need to fix the animations on both. Once the animations are finalized, they will create the full animation set for the Female. Characters are fully customizable and your character will carry across into the PU.
+Q: What are the thoughts on the perks that can be transferred from Squadron 42 into the PU?
+A: You will unlock badges in Squadron 42 which will allow you to get certain things in the PU. Through relationships in Squadron 42 you can unlock missions and content in the PU. There may also be a Veteran’s group in the PU which will give you missions if you completed Squadron 42.
+There will also be specific areas for UEE service members. This will also carry over to other groups - there will be specific areas for the Merchant’s Guild for example. This will work similarly for Organizations.
+Q: The recent monthly report saw a slight redesign of the Vanduul Blade which also carried through to some other Vanduul ships. Will this redesign affect the Vanduul Glaive or Scythe currently in the game?
+A: Probably not very much. Bringing the style of the Vanduul ships closer to Glaive and Scythe. They needed to do some redesign on the Vanduul fleet for performance reasons, reducing the bony look of some of the ships.
+Q: Will Squadron 42 have different endings? If so, will the different endings have an effect on your character in the PU?
+A: It will affect your character in terms of what they’ve earned. The concept is that as you play Squadron 42, it fills out your journal. The things you do unlock things in the PU.
+There is only one successful ending to Squadron, the others being dying or getting thrown in the brig.
+You can play Star Citizen while playing Squadron 42. As you get to certain points in Squadron, you will unlock things in the PU.
+There are some optional unlocks in Squadron 42, so whether they’re available to you in the PU entirely depends on whether you unlocked them in Squadron.
+Q: What are your plans for future chapters of Squadron 42 and their tie-in with the persistent universe?
+A: Squadron 42 is a trilogy, a three game arc and the events of the entire trilogy will be set before the setting for the persistent universe. Episode 2 and 3 will add unlockable content to the PU similar to Episode 1.
+Episode 2 and 3 are starting to be fleshed out. Performance capture for Episode 2 and 3 will likely be filmed back-to-back.
+Episode 2 and 3 will happen a lot quicker than Episode 1 due to all of the foundational tech work needed for the first episode.
+Q: Head tracking - TrackIR and Tobii and like that - will that be implemented for Squadron 42?
+A: Pretty confident yes. There was a version of Tobii and head tracking already working but unsure if currently working.
+Goal is to have head tracking working, as well as Faceware.
+Star Citizen should be VR friendly as well, such as diegetic UI. The current holdback there is that there is still so much base level work going on on the engine - including the Vulkan/DX12 refactor. Lots of optimisation.
+Once the base level engine stuff is finished, VR support will be added.
+Further on, look will be able to be disconnected from aiming.
+Q: Will the Coil be in the PU?
+A: Yes, the Coil will be in the PU. Odin will be in the PU.
+Have to get the Jump Points in to the PU to allow you to get there.
+You will be able to visit some of the locations from Squadron 42.
+Q: Will Squadron 42 include a difficulty option?
+A: Yes, definitely. It’s not going to be too easy though.
+Q: Character customisation in Squadron 42? Is it the same system in Squadron 42 as in the PU?
+A: It will be the same system for Squadron 42 as the PU. The system for Star Citizen Alpha 3.1 will be pretty basic, switching between heads, hair, eye and skin colour.
+The final system will have full options including facial morphing. This system will be in both Squadron 42 and Star Citizen.
+It will be in-game. Part of your journey in Squadron 42 will include choosing what your face looks like and your gender.
+Q: How will death affect the campaign?
+A: If you die, you have to return to your last save point. Save points won’t be as frequent as Call of Duty, for example. There needs to be weight to success or failure.
+Q: What part, of any, of Squadron 42 will be cooperative?
+A: There will be no cooperative story campaign. As you progress through Squadron, some of the big battles will be able to be played separately from the campaign as cooperative battles.
+Q: A majority of the website is new now. Are there plans to revamp the other sections of the site, like the store, throughout the year?
+A: Yes, the release that just occurred was just phase 1 of the release.
+The main idea behind the current release was to separate out the Introduction to Star Citizen and Squadron 42 sections from the RSI/development side.
+Thought was to do a better job of introducing new people to the game. Community has been doing a great job of this, and now CIG is trying to improve as well.
+Q: We just released a public roadmap for Star Citizen. Will there be a roadmap for Squadron 42 at some point in the future?
+A: There will be at some point in the future.
+Hull C is missing from Star Citizen roadmap because of a technical issue with the expanding/contracting of the ship and there is currently no resource attached to fix this, though it will definitely be fixed.
+Development is much more date-based now, and they have changed teams to be more agile-based for feature development.
+Public roadmap for PU is driven directly by the internal project management software, JIRA. Will be updated weekly.
+More things will be added to the roadmap as they get more of JIRA prepared.
+Back to Squadron 42, exactly the same process is being used. Yes, the roadmap will be made available for Squadron. If you look on the site there is a Star Citizen logo on the left side of the roadmap and a Squadron 42 one will be added there.
+Once the tasks and epochs for Squadron 42 are cleaned up, ready to go and they’ve decided how to organize it, it will be published.
+Q: Will we see any more big name actors in Squadron 42 that aren’t announced yet?
+A: Yes.
+Q: Is Squadron turning out how you expected it to back in 2012?
+A: It’s so much bigger and cooler and better. It has a much greater ability to evoke emotional attachment than expected.
+Initially it was expected that they would have to hide loading screens with cinematics and such. That has all gone away and everything is seamless.
+Every character you see has a full story arc. Whether you want to explore them or not is up to you, but the option is there.
+Hopefully we’ll be able to create an emotional impact that is either unique or very rare in the entirety of gaming.
+Q: Can we expect first person combat throughout Squadron 42?
+A: Yes, throughout. This has always been the dream and if I were to do another Wing Commander, it would be done this way as well.
+There is plenty of ship combat and plenty of FPS, probably 50/50.
+Q: Will Squadron 42 be available in other languages, besides English?
+A: Yes. Captions and voice for some. Captions only for some. This will be done near the end. Will probably cover at least English, German, French, Italian, and Spanish.
+Q: Can we see our characters speak in 3rd person or will we be restricted only to 1st person?
+A: Hasn’t been decided yet. They have the ability to do either and fully captured the performance of the actor who played the player.
+All cinematics are live so you can change your perspective. There will be a cinematic mode but you can also just cut back to your own view.
+If you are disobedient (remember, you’re in the military), you can get thrown in the brig.
+Misc
+New website was launched with a new roadmap
+The following are selected highlights from the upcoming schedule. This schedule can and will change at any given moment so it is not written as a definitive reference guide
+Q1 2018 - 3.1First release of character customisation
+Ship damage overhaul
+Reclaimer, Terrapin, Razor and Cyclone release
+Network Bind Culling tech
+Q2 2018 - 3.2
+Player service beacons (Distress, refuel, repair etc)
+Mining prospecting, extraction, refining and selling
+Salvage scanning, extraction, processing and selling
+Allowing players to leave their ship and repair the outside of it
+Wear and tear
+600i, Hurricane, Eclipse, Mustang rework, Avenger and Vanduul Blade
+Q3 2018 - 3.3
+Hurston planet, Lorville landing zone and rest stop release
+Repair ships functionality
+Constellation Phoenix, Hammerhead, Cyclone variants
+Object container streaming
+FoIP integration
+Q4 2018 - 3.4
+Female player characters
+ArcCorp planets, Area 18
+Land claim, register and mission creation around player land claims
+300i redux, Hawk, Reliant variants, Freelancer variants and Constellation Taurus
+AI work and performance optimisation is ongoing throughout
+Go back to Early Records menu
+Go back to Archival Inventories
+iw 3/97
+II
+HC300
+1841-1847
+Lafayette (Jefferson Parish, La.) Board of Directors of the Public School.
+By ordinance of November 4, 1841, the Lafayette Council established a
+public school for the free education of all resident children whose parents
+were white. This ordinance further called for the annual election by the
+Council of three resident citizens to serve,along with the two-member
+Council Committee on Public Education, as a Board of Directors
+for the school.
+The Board was to meet at least once each month and its secretary, who
+was also secretary to the Council, was to record the minutes of each
+meeting. The Board was responsible for the general management of the
+school; for the selection, appointment, and removal of teachers; for
+adopting rules for discipline; for the direction of "the system and course
+of education;" and for the internal organization of the school. At least
+once each quarter, the Board was to make a report to the Council of the
+progress of the school and of education in the city.
+In 1845, the state legislature provided for the Lafayette schools to be
+managed by a ten-member Board of Administrators to be annually
+appointed by the Mayor and Council. The Mayor served ex-officio as
+president of this body.
+The minutes are recorded in a single manuscript volume. The original
+1841 ordinance appears at the beginning of this record. The volume
+begins with the meeting of November 18, 1841 and continues through
+the session of May 7, 1847. Despite a reference at the end of the book
+to a continuation, this is the only volume of minutes to survive in the City
+Archives Collection.
+Available as part of on roll of 35mm microfilm, filed under the call
+number noted above.
+Back to the Public Schools and Libraries Records
+HC300
+1841-1847
+1st Mun
+New Orleans (La.) Board of Directors of the Public Schools of the First
+Municipality.
+By ordinance of June 7, 1841 the First Municipality Council established
+three schools for the education of the children of the municipality. One
+school provided for the children of white parents resident in the 1st and
+2nd wards, one for those in the 3rd and 4th wards, and one for those in
+the 5th ward. The course of education was to include "the elements of
+the English and French languages."
+The Council each year was to elect one of its own members from each
+of the five wards, along with a resident citizen from each ward, to serve
+together as the Board of Directors for the Public Schools in the
+municipality. The Board was to meet at least once each month. It was
+responsible for the general management of the schools, the selection
+and removal of teachers, the superintendence of the conduct of teachers
+and students, the direction "of the course and system of education to be
+adopted," and for setting forth rules for the internal organization and
+discipline of the schools. The Board was to report at least once a month
+to the Council, and their reports were to be published along with the
+proceedings of the Council. In November of each year the Board was
+to furnish the Council with estimates of the amounts needed for the
+support of the schools.
+A new ordinance, passed on October 3, 1847, repealed all existing laws
+and placed the schools under the control of the Council's Committee on
+Public education, which served along with the Mayor, Recorder, and five
+citizens (appointed by the Mayor, one from each ward) as the Board of
+Directors of Public Schools for the municipality. This "new" Board was
+empowered to create additional schools (funding permitting), to prescribe
+the duties of the teachers and other employees, to make all rules for the
+admission of students, to prescribe the course of study and discipline,
+and, in general, to provide for and direct the government of the public
+school system. The ordinance further specified that the course of study
+"...shall comprise the english and french [sic] language (reading, writing,
+arithmetic, and grammar) together with such other studies as the
+Committee may find proper and practicable." Other duties and
+responsibilities of the Board were detailed by this and subsequent
+ordinances.
+The manuscript minute book is in French and covers the period July 3,
+1841 through April 24, 1847. No additional records of the First
+Municipality schools have survived in the City Archives Collection.
+Available as part of one roll of 35mm microfilm, filed under call number II
+HC300 1841-1847.
+HC205
+1849-1851
+2nd Mun
+New Orleans (La.) Board of Directors for the Public Schools of the
+Second Municipality.
+The 1841 ordinance establishing the public schools in the Second
+Municipality provided for the annual election by the Municipality Council
+of four citizens from each ward to serve with the members of the
+Council's Committee on Public Education as a Board of Directors for the
+Public Schools of the municipality. The Board was to divide itself into
+committees for the constant and personal superintendence of the schools
+within its jurisdiction. The Committee on the Second Ward School
+appears to be one of those committees.
+The Board as a whole was to adopt rules and regulations for the
+governance of the schools and was to meet monthly in the council
+chamber. The secretary of the Council was also to serve as secretary to
+the Board, and was to keep the proceedings of Board meetings in a
+minute book for that purpose. Other duties of the Board included: to
+manage the schools, to select & remove teachers, to superintend both
+teachers & students, to direct the system & course of education to be
+followed, and to prescribe rules for the discipline & internal organizations
+of the schools. The Board was also to report at least quarterly to the
+Council on the condition of the schools and annually to present to the
+Council an estimate of the expenses for the following school year.
+In 1842 the ordinance was amended to make the Recorder a member of
+the Board and in 1843 the Mayor also became a member ex-officio. In
+1847 the structure of the Board was again changed, with the Council
+annually to elect sixteen citizens to serve with the Committee on Public
+Education as the Board of Directors.
+The record book is a manuscript volume containing monthly reports of
+the Committee on the Second Ward School to the Board. It is most
+likely the volume used by the Committee to record its copy of each
+HC205L
+1845-1850
+2nd Mun
+New Orleans (La.) Board of Directors of Public Schools for the Second
+Municipality.
+By ordinance of March 23, 1841 the Second Municipality Council
+established a system of public schools for the municipality. Each year
+the Council was to elect four citizens from each ward who served, along
+with the members of the Council's standing committee on Public
+Education, as a Board of Directors for the public schools in the
+municipality.
+On December 3, 1844, again by ordinance, the Council established a
+Lyceum and Library for the scholars of the municipality's public schools.
+That ordinance also provided that the Board of Directors of the schools
+would also serve as the Board of Directors of the Lyceum and Library. It
+appears from the record book, however, that the Lyceum and Library
+actually was the responsibility of a committee of the full Board.
+The record book is a manuscript volume of reports made by the Library
+Committee to the Board of Directors. Each report details various aspects
+relative to the management of the Lyceum and Library, and is signed by
+the committee members. The volume covers the period from December,
+1845 through June, 1850.
+Available as item 1 of 35mm microfilm roll #89-355, filed under the call
+number noted above.
+HC300
+1859-1862
+New Orleans (La.) Board of Directors for the Public Schools of the First
+District.
+The Common Council in 1852 passed an ordinance providing for the
+annual election of a separate board of directors for the public schools of
+each municipal district. The Board for the First District was to include 21
+In 1856 another ordinance included a provision requiring each of the
+district boards to make quarterly reports and an annual report to the
+Council (the ordinance specified the subjects to be addressed in these
+reports). It further provided that the presidents of the district boards
+meet to determine standardized reporting procedures. The presidents
+were also required to provide for the publication, in pamphlet form, of the
+annual report of the public schools.
+The ordinances were designed to implement the provisions of state law
+relative to public schools in the city. The 1855 law provided that
+individual boards have exclusive management of the schools in its
+district. Each board was to elect a superintendent and as many
+principals as was necessary to staff its schools.
+The manuscript minute book begins with the meeting of October 10,
+1859, and ends with that of January 28, 1862. Minutes of a Finance
+Committee meeting, dated May 7, 1862, appear at the rear of the
+volume.
+HQL
+New Orleans (La.) Lyceum and Library Society.
+The Society had its origins in the 1844 ordinance passed by the Second
+Municipality Council, "Providing for the establishment of a Lyceum and
+Library by the Scholars of the Public Schools of Municipality No. Two."
+That law created a "Lyceum and Library" whose cost was to be defrayed
+by voluntary contributions of the students (not to exceed twenty-five
+cents per month or $3.00 annually). Upon making a total contribution of
+$9.00 the student became a life member of the Society. Other
+individuals could become subscribers to the library at terms set by the
+board of directors, which was identical to the directors of the public
+schools in the municipality. Certain public officials were ex-officio
+members and public school teachers were honorary members.
+Once $5,000 was collected and paid into the Treasury the Municipality
+would provide rooms for the library, and when $15,000 had been paid in,
+a lot and building would be make available to the institution. In addition
+to payments by the students, donations were also accepted from
+interested individuals.
+The library opened on March 10, 1846 with 3,400 books in its collection;
+by 1858 it held over 10,000 volumes. Originally located in temporary
+quarters, the Lyceum Library moved into the new municipality hall (now
+Gallier Hall) when its rooms in that building were ready for occupancy.
+Following consolidation of the city in 1852 the library apparently
+continued operating in what by then was the City Hall. It was known as
+the Lyceum and Library Society, First District. Similar facilities were to
+be established in the other three municipal districts, but none of the
+others appears to have developed to the extent of the First District's. In
+1859, ordinance #4439 gave the Society's directors the power to open up
+membership to all white youths in the city and to such other contributors
+as they saw fit to include. The directors could also issue honorary
+memberships as they deemed appropriate.
+During the Civil War occupation, probably in 1863, ordinance #6140
+provided for the consolidation of the district libraries into a single
+institution located in City Hall and known as the "public library of the city
+of New Orleans." The books of the First District Lyceum apparently
+formed the core of the new collection, and the name "Lyceum and
+Library Society" remained in popular use. The 1863 ordinance, along
+with #1276 in 1869 (which provided that the Lyceum's directors would be
+appointed by the Mayor), signalled an evident end to the library's
+association with the public schools.
+The Lyceum and Library Society continued to function as a separate
+entity until 1896 when the city merged it with the Fisk Library to form the
+New Orleans Public Library.
+The collection includes manuscript records and published catalogs,
+described in the inventory below. Most are from the library of the First
+District, which became the consolidated collection, but one volume has
+survived from the library of the Second District as well.
+Inventory
+HQL160
+1870
+Inventory of books, 1870. [not filmed; post-1861]
+Record of loans, 1854-1867.
+HQL430
+1872-1881
+Register of members, 1872-1881. [not filmed; post-1861]
+[mf roll #90-132]
+HQL750
+1854
+Catalogue of French works in the Public School Library of the Second
+District, 1854.
+HQL750
+1858
+Catalogue of the library of the Lyceum and Library Society, First District,
+City of New Orleans. New Orleans, 1858. 124 p.
+HQL750
+1858j
+Catalogue of the juvenile library of the Lyceum and Library Society, First
+District, City of New Orleans. New Orleans, 1858. 22 p.
+Back to the Public Schools and Libraries Records
+Go back to Early Records menu
+Go back to Archival Inventories
+Bush and Public Opinion
+Reviewing the Bush Years and the Public's Final Verdict. 11, 2001 greatly altered the course forward.
+The attacks transformed American public opinion and fundamentally reshaped Bush's image. His job approval rating reached 86% by late September. The public expressed broad willingness to use military force to combat terrorism. But then controversies over the build-up to war in Iraq and other Bush policies started to take their toll -- at home and abroad.
+U.S. forces quickly ousted Saddam Hussein in 2003, but could not create a lasting peace. As the fighting dragged on, Bush won re-election by a narrow margin. In his second term, he failed in his bid to build support for a partial privatization of Social Security. American deaths continued in Iraq, the government bungled the response to the devastating Hurricane Katrina in late 2005 and political scandal reached directly into the White House.
+Soon, economic troubles started to mount, and in 2008, the economy went into a dangerous free fall that led to controversial and expensive government intervention in financial markets. The president's approval ratings slid over time to historic lows. His approval last hit 50% as he started his second term. It stood at just 24% in early December.
+Not surprisingly, the public's verdict on the Bush presidency is overwhelmingly negative. In a December 2008 Pew Research Center survey, just 11% said.
+He helped shape the post-9/11 climate of opinion that was broadly accepting of a muscular approach to U.S. national security. And even after much of the public came to oppose the war in Iraq, there continued to be considerable support for the Bush doctrine of preemptive military action. In spite of the public's shock over pictures of abuse of detainees at the U.S.-run Abu Ghraib prison, nearly half of Americans consistently said that the torture of terrorists to gain key information was at least sometimes justified.
+In the final year of his presidency, even as his approval rating steadily declined to historic lows, most Americans continued to say Bush's anti-terror policies deserve at least a fair amount of credit for preventing more terror attacks.
+In his first term, Bush scored several early legislative successes on domestic issues -- such as the No Child Left Behind education reform, two rounds of tax cuts and the launch of a significant Medicare drug plan.
+But after those successes, the instances when Bush was able to mobilize -- and maintain -- public support for his agenda were rare. Even in the realm of national security, the public increasingly rejected the idea that a large military presence overseas would reduce the threat of terror at home.
+Public backing for what was to have been Bush's signature second-term achievement -- reforming the Social Security system -- withered within months of his reelection. His immigration reform proposal faced opposition within his own party, even though it was an issue -- like Social Security -- where Americans recognized major change was needed.
+What might have damaged Bush's legacy most was his administration's mixed record of competent governance. Between Iraq, the government's flawed relief effort in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, and more minor missteps over the Dubai ports issue and other matters, the government "brand" deteriorated badly during the Bush years. In late April 2008, just 37% expressed a favorable view of the federal government, about half of the percentage of five years earlier (73%).
+Final Judgments
+In a Pew survey conducted Dec. 3-7 among 1,489 adults, the American public paints a harshly negative picture of Bush's tenure. Nearly two-thirds (64%) say his administration will be remembered more for its failures than its accomplishments, and a plurality (34%) says Bush will go down in history as a poor president. Fully 68% say they disapprove of Bush's performance and most of those -- 53% of the public -- say they disapprove strongly. That is the highest rate of strong disapproval measured by Pew surveys in Bush's eight years in office.
+As his second term ends, only 13% say Bush has made progress toward solving the major issues facing the country; 37% say he has made those problems worse and 34% say he has tried but failed in his efforts. Another 11% say he has not addressed the major problems facing the country.
+More than three times as many people say Bush will go down in history as a poor president (34%) than said the same of Bill Clinton at the end of his presidency (11%). About a quarter (24%) say Bush will be seen as below average and close to three-in-ten (28%) say he will be seen as average. Just 11% say he will go down in history as above average or outstanding.
+Not surprisingly, the most critical assessments come from Democrats. More than half (53%) say Bush will go down in history as a poor president, while 25% say he will be remembered as below average. More than four-in-ten Republicans (44%) say he will be remembered as an average president; 21% say below average and 6% say poor. Two-in-ten say he will be remembered as above average, while 7% say outstanding.
+Americans by a wide margin (64% to 24%) also say that in the long run the failures of the Bush administration will outweigh its accomplishments. The assessment of Clinton in 2001, despite controversy over how he had conducted himself in office, was virtually a mirror image. Six-in-ten said the accomplishments would outweigh the failures, and 27% said the failures would outweigh the accomplishments.
+Just over half (52%) of Republicans say the Bush administration will be best known for its accomplishments. That number is significantly smaller for independents (20%) and Democrats (8%). When Clinton was leaving office, his own party (77%) and independents (60%) were much more convinced he would be remembered for his accomplishments.
+Second Term Approval Slide
+Between the start of his second term and December 2008, Bush's approval rating dropped from 50% to 24%, a level that rivals the historic lows recorded by Gallup for Harry S. Truman as he left office in 1952. Declines came across demographic and political groups, though significant divides still exist among those with differing political ideologies.
+Approval among moderate and liberal Republicans saw one of the sharpest drops -- from 82% to 50%. Conservative Republican approval dropped from 94% to 66%. Independent approval started at below half in 2005 -- 47% -- but dropped to 18% by December 2008. The change among Democratic groups, already highly critical of Bush, proved less dramatic. Approval among conservative and moderate Democrats dropped from 22% to 8%, while approval among liberal Democrats dropped from 7% to 2%.
+Bush's approval dropped significantly among all education levels. In terms of age groups, the largest decline came among the youngest voters - those age 18-29. Within that group, approval dropped from 50% to 19%. The oldest group - age 65 and up - experienced a smaller decline, dropping from 47% to 26%.
+A Legacy of War
+When people are asked what they think Bush will be most remembered for after he leaves office, the most frequent responses volunteered are tied to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the fight against terrorism. More than half (51%) of responses mention facets of the Global War on Terror, with close to three-in-ten (29%) specifically mentioning Iraq.
+About 17% include specific negative assessments of Bush and his performance. Small percentages within that group refer to his competence (2%), his negative impact on the country (2%) or label him the "worst president" (2%). Another 13% refer to the impact of the Sept. 11 terror attacks, with 9% mentioning the attacks specifically and 3% noting that Bush had kept the country safe from major attack since that day. Another 12% mentions economic issues, including 7% who refer to the economy specifically, 4% who mention the current crisis and 3% referring to the recession. Another 4% offer positive assessments of Bush's performance in office.
+Meanwhile, concerns about Bush's effectiveness are also seen in the one-word answers people give to describe their impressions of the president. In mid-2005, positive one-word descriptions outnumbered negative ones, but in more recent lists, the responses have been more negative. The most frequently mentioned description in the latest survey was "incompetent," just as it was in February 2007 and March 2006. Many of the terms offered by respondents in the December 2008 survey are negative, though the second most frequently mentioned description was honest. Good and honorable also make the list.
+The Global Outlook
+On the foreign stage, a solid majority of Americans say the country is significantly less respected than in the past -- and many of those people see that as a major problem. Many Americans are eager to turn inward to deal with this nation's problems: fully 60% said in September 2008 that domestic policy should be the primary focus of the new president. And a greater percentage than before the Iraq war now say the best way to reduce the threat of terror is to reduce America's military presence overseas, not increase it.
+Meanwhile, a 2008 survey by the Pew Global Attitudes Project showed that majorities in 19 of the 24 nations -- including several strong U.S. allies -- had little confidence in Bush as he neared the end of his presidency. A 2007 survey of 45 nations found anti-American sentiment extensive as well as increasing disapproval for key elements of U.S. foreign policy.
+And the image of the U.S. in the Muslim world remained abysmal. Iraq, the war on terrorism and American support for Israel continued to generate animosity in the Middle East, Asia and elsewhere. In many nations considered central to the war on terror, the general public deeply distrusted the United States. Even in countries like Kuwait that have long been considered relatively pro-American, the U.S. image had declined.
+Among the few bright spots for Bush in the Global Attitudes surveys were the African nations that had benefited from administration programs to boost economic growth and reduce the spread of AIDS. In 2008, majorities in Tanzania and Nigeria expressed confidence in the president.
+Still, Bush has had some success at home building support for tough tactics -- including harsh interrogation policies for foreign detainees and government monitoring of phone calls or e-mails without warrants -- to gather information about possible terrorists and stop potential attacks. On balance, more Americans say they worry that anti-terror policies have not gone far enough in protecting the United States than say they feel the anti-terror policies have "gone too far in restricting civil liberties."
+The Political Legacy
+When Bush took office, Republicans controlled both Congress and the White House. But voter party preferences shifted significantly during Bush's second term as missteps, bad news and scandals took their toll on Bush and GOP congressional leaders. In the 2006 midterm elections, more independents and moderates aligned themselves with the party out of power and Democrats took control of the House and the Senate.
+In 2008, Bush was barely seen during the presidential campaign. Both Barack Obama and John McCain persistently criticized his administration, vowing to bring "change" to Washington. Obama's significant win and additional Democratic gains in Congress signaled a continuing decline of the Republican Party under Bush.
+In surveys conducted in the fall of 2008, 51% of all voters said they thought of themselves as Democrats or leaned toward the Democratic Party. That was up five points from 46% during the same period in 2004. Meanwhile, the number identifying with or leaning toward the Republican Party fell from 45% to 41%.
+The greatest gains came among younger voters. Only among voters age 65 and older did the percentage identifying with the Democratic Party decrease -- from 49% in 2004 to 47% in 2008. The percentage of voters age 18 to 29 identifying with the Democratic Party increased from 48% in the fall of 2004 to 61% in the fall of 2008. Democrats now outnumber Republicans by a margin of nearly two-to-one (61% to 32%) in this age group, up from only a seven-point advantage in 2004.
+Read the full report at people-press.org
+Every day this year, I will be examining the artwork on a single comic book story. Today's artist is Barry Windsor-Smith, and the issue is Uncanny X-Men #205, which was published by Marvel and is cover dated May 1986. Enjoy!
+Back when I was first getting into comics, my best friend let me read a bunch of his X-Men comics, and it's there I first saw Windsor-Smith's art. I'm not sure if it was this issue or "Lifedeath" or even "Lifedeath II," but it was one of them (in fact, I may have read them all at once, so I probably saw them all fairly close together). So this is one of the earliest X-Men comics I ever read, and it remains one of my favorites. When I was writing about Marc Silvestri, I mentioned that issue #255 is one of my favorites, and this one is up there as well. When I first read it, I had no idea who Katie Power was, who Reese and Macon and Cole were, or who Lady Deathstrike was (honestly, for the longest time I had no idea what Yuriko's connection to Wolverine was, and I still forget the specifics - her dad invented the adamantium bonding process, is that right?), but it simply didn't matter, because this is Claremont doing what he does extremely well, and it's Windsor-Smith absolutely destroying it on art. So let's take a look!
+A few days ago, I showed an early example of Windsor-Smith drawing circuitry, and here's an example from the more mature Windsor-Smith (he drew a Machine Man mini-series a few years before this, and the one issue I own doesn't even show this much machinery). Windsor-Smith makes Yuriko's transformation horrifying, much like he would with Logan's years later, as he draws in every wire and circuit and patch on her body. He makes the goop she steps into viscous and tactile, so that it looks less like a liquid and more like tentacles reaching for her. He draws in slime on that black contraption in Panel 2, which makes it look even more like a monstrous womb than it already does, and he gets away with nudity because it's a piece of circuitry where a nipple would be, as we all know that computers melding with human flesh is much less disturbing than something that nurtures newborns. Windsor-Smith thinks about where the wires would go and even adds a telephone wire to her head, which seems plausible in the mid-1980s but looks horrifying. I love that he draws Spiral's cloak with very little interior line work, as it creates this solid block, uncorrupted by the sickening display around it. Spiral is just doing a job, man! Windsor-Smith colored this, too, and he uses his entire bright palette to make Yuriko even more computerized than ever. I also love that a thick wire extends from her eye and droops down in Panel 3. With her realization that she has become more machine than human, I like to think that Windsor-Smith meant this to be a tear but that she's incapable of weeping anymore, so only wires stream from her eye sockets. That's a good idea, isn't it?
+This panel is essentially pointless, as all it does it let us know that we're in New York. Wait, a Marvel comic set in New York? Quelle surprise! Claremont, being Claremont, loads up the internal narration, but he and Orzechowski are nice enough to put it at the top, so we can look at the utter insanity Windsor-Smith brings to what could have easily been a throwaway drawing. He puts Christmas decorations at the top of the panel, which provides a nice border, then gives us a beautifully intricate street scene. The buildings are inked heavily, as Windsor-Smith spots blacks to create a wintry twilight, and then he uses warm colors to cut through the black and the cool blue. He even remembers to illuminate the sidewalk where the lights from inside the stores shine through, as well as the sides of the figures that face the store fronts. Even in the background, we get amazing details, as he places rough figures around the street lamp while inking in the shadows on the buildings even deeper in the back. He remembers to carve furrows in the snow on the street, as cars have been driving on it all day. This is really a tremendous drawing, and it's not even all that necessary.
+Yuriko and the Reavers (I don't think they were called Reavers back then, but "dudes who used to be guards at the Hellfire Club before Wolverine carved them up and left them for dead, only for them to return when Donald Pierce turned them into cyborgs" is really long and I don't feel like typing it more than once) have beaten Wolverine so badly that he doesn't remember who he is and can't even talk, so Katie Power does a lot of the talking in the early part of this issue. Can you imagine this kind of story today? Claremont begins this in the middle of the fight, and we don't even get to see how Yuriko and her crew got the drop on Logan and beat him that badly. Claremont doesn't need to show us to establish that they're tough - just showing Wolverine reduced to an animal is enough. Today, we'd get a three-issue mini-series about how Yuriko tracked Wolverine, which would lead into a five-issue EVENT! mini-series about how she beat the shit out of him, and then, and only then, would we get a five-issue mini-series called Logan's Revenge in which he heals, turns the table on them, and Katie kills Macon, Cole, and Reese with her energy rays and Yuriko and Logan fight for two straight issues. Yeah, and get off my lawn, you dang kids.
+Where was I? Oh, yeah, this awesome issue. Windsor-Smith drew in every glob of snow (I assume he drew them), which had to drive him insane, as this entire issue takes place in a blizzard. It's a great idea - it obscures a lot of the figures so they can sneak up on other characters, but because it takes place outside, no one is confined by walls - and Windsor-Smith really makes it work with the driving snow in almost every panel. I love his Logan - his hair isn't too ridiculous, like a lot of other artists would make it, and he's covered with hair, which all artists do, but in this story, it seems to make him more feral, probably because of the way Windsor-Smith draws him crouching a lot. Panel 2 is excellent, because at this time, we rarely saw the way Wolverine's claws came out of the skin, but Windsor-Smith draws them almost like veins. It's terrifically creepy. Windsor-Smith uses the snow to move us across the page, too, as we see in Panel 3 when it drives us to the right. He also uses it to obscure bodies, which then makes his blacks and colors stand out - the police in Panels 5 and 6 don't even look drawn in, they look like Windsor-Smith just painted in their bodies. As usual, the line work is exquisite and very busy, but for a good reason - the hatching in Panel 6, for instance, makes Wolverine look roughed up (which he is) and the snow dirtier and more wind-blown (which is might be). Plus, there's the Mature Windsor-Smith Face on Katie - small eyes in a wide face, with no cheekbones and a wide jaw line. That's just how he does it!
+Every page of this comic is tremendous, but this sequence is really nice. As I noted, the snow allows Windsor-Smith to move his characters around a lot, but it also makes the setting claustrophobic, as no one can see too far in front of them and nobody knows where to go for safety. Windsor-Smith uses this very well, as figures emerge from the snow, and it's unclear if they're good or bad - Panels 3 and 8 of the first page shows the Reavers approaching, but in between, a taxi appears, promising safety (but only very temporarily). The claustrophobia is great, too, as Logan and Katie are trapped in the taxi when the Reavers attack, and they have to leave quickly. Windsor-Smith's continuing use of large snow flakes and thick, long lines also makes the scene feel more closed-in, as the weather surrounds Logan and Katie as much as the Reavers and Deathstrike do. Windsor-Smith, like so many other artists of a bygone era, uses a lot of panels per page, which automatically makes things more cramped, adding to the claustrophobia. Windsor-Smith, of course, is amazing with details, so we get the wonderful thick black lines on the door in Panel 2 of the second page when Wolverine punches through it, which makes it look beautifully crumpled, while he does a nice job mixing the glass shards with the snow. The Reaver's gun in Panel 4 of that page is probably a bit busy, but still menacing-looking. Windsor-Smith's colors are excellent, too. As we saw above, he gets rid of some of the holding lines in places and replaces them with colors, so we get the taxi exploding on the second page, where Windsor-Smith uses the oranges and yellows to create an intense fiery spot without using lines. It's neat, and it shows what an artist can do when he or she colors their own work.
+Wolverine regains his mind and tells Katie that she needs to close her eyes because there's gonna be some killin' (well, he tells her to trust him, as we see here, but later, we find out that means closing her eyes). Windsor-Smith again gives Katie the classic face, and he does a really nice job with Katie's fear in Panel 4, as she's not sure what Logan is going to do. He quirks her mouth a little, because she's unsure what Logan is going to ask her to do, and Windsor-Smith raises her eyebrows a little and widens her eyes slightly as she anticipates the next instructions. Notice how Windsor-Smith lays out the page - the top four panels form a nice square (well, rectangle, but it's close to being a square), with standard gutters and standard points of view. Then, when Wolverine shifts into killing mode, Windsor-Smith changes the panels to more vertical ones with no gutters, cramming the action closer together and speeding up the pace. The central image of Wolverine skewering Cole anchors the bottom row, as we lead up to it and then see the reactions to it, and while Windsor-Smith was one of those artists who went a bit crazy with Logan's claws (man, they're long), that's an impressive panel in the middle of an impressive sequence. The details, naturally, are amazing, and Windsor-Smith knows where to focus to build the tension - we get the longer view of Logan underneath the planks, then a close-up of his claws, then a close-up on Cole as he's about to be attacked, and then a medium-long view of Wolverine attacking. The time-honored use of silhouettes to show blood is a good way to go, not only because it makes it less gory but because of the surroundings - Windsor-Smith has already established that it's night, so the darkness makes sense. The final two panels work well to isolate the bad guys - we know they're not near each other, but just the fact that Windsor-Smith puts them in small "cages" of the panel borders makes it clear that they had their chance, and they're about to become the hunted. Claremont explicitly states that, but Windsor-Smith does as good a job showing it as Claremont's words do.
+Six months ago (man, six months already?), I featured Paul Smith's rendition of Wolverine's fight with Silver Samurai, and now I'm showing another one! Much like Smith's fight, Windsor-Smith uses "widescreen" panels, probably because it's just two people facing each other, and the longer view allows us to see both of them move. As violent as Smith's depiction of the fight is, his thin lines means it's a bit more graceful, while Windsor-Smith's thicker lines make this fight a bit more brutal. Wolverine, of course, isn't wearing a shirt, which means Windsor-Smith can show his rugged torso and back, while Yuriko's claws are far less elegant than Silver Samurai's sword - Windsor-Smith makes them rough and a bit knobby. Windsor-Smith's inking really works well here, as he uses blacks to show blood so he can get away with a bit more, but even more than that, both Logan and Yuriko just look like they've been utterly beaten up. As Logan gains the upper hand, Windsor-Smith does some nice work to get around whatever censors may have been watching - in Panel 2 of the third page, he rips out Yuriko's telephone cord, and because Windsor-Smith earlier colored it red, it looks like blood spray even though it's a cord. In Panel 3, it appears that Logan has ripped her chest opened, as Windsor-Smith draws what appear to be ribs jutting upward, but because of the way he designed Yuriko's outfit, he could easily claim it's her shredded tunic. Windsor-Smith also kills it on the faces of the figures, as neither Wolverine nor Deathstrike is in optimal condition, and their faces reflect their anguish. In Panel 4 of the first page, we see Logan's pained expression as Yuriko swipes him on the chin. In Panel 3 of the second page, Logan looks pained as he attacks, as he's trying to keep it together before he collapses and he's also struggling to answer her charges. Of course, the final panel of the sequence, where we get the close-up of Wolverine, is terrific - Windsor-Smith draws him spitting blood with bared teeth and crazy eyes. Claremont, surprisingly, gives us a completely silent page, which means he resists telling us that Logan is under the influence of some blind rage (as he often does - "the man has become the ANIMAL!!!!" and shit like that) and leaves it to Windsor-Smith, who responds wonderfully. For someone with a relatively thick line and a tendency to draw bulky figures, Windsor-Smith remains wonderful at drawing fluid action scenes - this one flow wonderfully over three pages, as we can see each parry and thrust and counter. The two figures are posed very well, with the right amount of curviness in their bodies as they move around each other. This, like the Smith fight in issue #173, is just amazing. It's part of why Wolverine became such a popular character.
+After a page of chatting, Logan walks away on this famous page, which isn't as much an example of great art as it is just an example of bad-assery. I've opined before that Claremont's writing seems better when he has a good artist drawing him, which is why good comics are about two-thirds to three-quarters due to artwork (you know it's true!), and this is an example of it. You cannot tell me that this page would work better with the exact same dialogue if June Brigman, who drew issue #204, drew this. I don't have a big problem with Brigman, but she's not in the same league as Windsor-Smith! Windsor-Smith still does a fine job with this - he draws Yuriko really well in Panel 1, as she looks up at Logan pathetically as he lectures her. Again, we see the rough inks that make her look brutalized (which she has been, except it's self-inflicted), and the wonderfully detailed wiring that shows both sides of Spiral's workmanship - it obviously works, but it also looks a bit slapdash. We also get the roughly inked Wolverine, who has been through hell and come out the other side, and Windsor-Smith does a great job with Claremont's script here, as he puts Yuriko's hand reaching plaintively for Logan in Panel 4 as he retracts his claws. What a great moment. Damn, Claremont was cooking on this issue.
+While Claremont is good in this issue, Windsor-Smith was tremendous, and while I thought about showing issue #214 because it stars Dazzler, this issue is so kick-ass I just had to feature it. So tomorrow we'll move on from the 1980s and finish with something Windsor-Smith really wanted to do for a long time. Is it "Weapon X"? Well, you'll just have to wait and see, won't you? Find more Wolverine in the archives!
+All have views of the beach and ocean. driving distance from Poipu to North Shore, The Westin Princeville Ocean Resort Villas. Kauai is known as Hawaiiâs Garden Isle and for good reason. Top Ten Ways to Protect Hawaiian Monk Seals/Dolphin protection, Geography, Geology, History and Culture of Kaua'i. Are they waiting until phase 1 is sold before they complete the new phase? I remember when it was the Stouffer Waiohai at this spot. (That's the story management told us so don't blame the messenger!). MARRIOTT RESORT HOSPITALITY CORPORATION - Kauai Lagoons Dear Mr. Morihara and Mayor Kawakami: On behalf of MARRIOTT ⦠Please read. At this time the occupancy is very small as they are remodeling the rooms, as to which rooms and buildings I do not know, but I do know Marriot employees, both security and staff and that is what I was told when I mentioned that there were hardly any guests at the beach or in the pool. The iconic Westin Kauai replaced that in 1987 with its famous lagoons, then by the Kauai Marriott in 1995 following Hurricane Iniki. Here, in part 2, the focus moves to the rest of the resort. NEARBY AMENITIES. In 2010, MVCI opened up a 3 rd property called Kauai Lagoons â Kalanipuâu. But maybe you would rather be in Lihue??? 3325 Holokawelu Way, Marriott Vacation Club Hawaii Tax ID # TA-070-692-2496-05. Our comfortable oceanfront resort in Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii will make you feel right at home, and our on-site amenities offer something for every member of your ⦠Slideshow Controls. Seriously - the influx of Kauai Lagoons owners who, yes, are not allowed to use the pool or lounge chairs, pushed the issue over the edge and now security is higher. The hotel component has been known as the Kauai Marriott Resort, whereas the time-share part is called Marriottâs Kauai ⦠We look at things from a pretty positive aspect, and the above is what we have witnessed on a daily basis all year long for over five years now since we live across the road. Neat walk, around the lagoons, with herons, nene geese, egrets, etc......but at this time, they are redoing the golf course with huge earth movers, skip loaders, trucks and other construction equipment, that is next to the lagoons units. View Details. Marriott's Kauai Lagoons - Kalanipu'u is located at 3325 Holokawelu Way in Southeast - Harbor, 2.1 miles from the center of Lihue. Payment . This Interval International Elite Resort is located near Lydgate Beach and is set on 500 acres of tropical landscape, waterfalls, foliage, and wildlife. I visited Kauai Lagoons and it is a really, really nice property. I've stayed there a few times. Marriott Resort , 1 Bedroom + Other (See Description), 2 Baths, (Sleeps 4) - $386 avg/night - Nawiliwili - Amenities include: Swimming pool, Internet, Air Conditioning, TV, Satellite or cable, Washer & Dryer, Children Welcome, Parking, No Smoking Bedrooms: 1 Sleeps: 4 Minimum stay from 7 night(s) Bookable directly online - Book vacation rental 317411 with Vrbo. Favorite Kauai Restaurants (updated November 2017), How to Eat Vegan on the Garden Isle of Kauai. How can I take a shelter dog on a field trip? At the far left of Kalapaki beach, you can walk up the beach access road and walk along a lush and beautiful landscaped tree bordered pathway that is adjacent to the golf course....and continue on to the tropical style Kauai Lagoons. Also within walking distance to Lihue marriot are several different types of restaurants and bars, three helicopter company offices, car rental, Just Live Zip Lining offices, and the ABC store. Scott, is exactly right.....(ta && ta.queueForLoad ? $473.17/mo Est. The pluses that we see, nearly every day , since we walk past on our hikes, or when we go to swim at Kalapaki Beach: Kalapaki Beach: Very, very nice beach, with grass and clean sand. Management dashboard, analytics reports, visitor information and geographic location.. It is in a great location, swimmable beach and beach park, snorkeling, nice family atmosphere because of many condo-style units, walking distance to a strip mall with good restaurants and nice stores, sunnier side of the island. Kauai Lagoons Golf Club is the closest landmark to Marriott's Kauai Lagoons - Kalanipu'u. (There may also be a few "hotel" rooms scattered elsewhere as well but I'm not sure.) Marriott Vacation Club has 3 properties on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. The (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? However, the top two floors of the "center" building are also hotel rooms as are many of the rooms on the "inland" side on the upper floors of that building. Stay at this 4-star beach condo in Lihue. ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-53000255', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');the Kauai Lagoons condos, are brand new super luxury units and up on the bluffs. Beds 1 . Didn't they start to build the 2nd phase? It has to be a 2 bed Marriott and currently the rate at each is around $3,600 for 8 days. Timeshare owners have a rubber wristband and hotel owners have a different color wristband each day. Our guests praise the pool and the helpful staff in our reviews. I suspect some day real soon they'll better secure the pool.. ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-52995748', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');the Kauai Surf. I love (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? We drive to Lawai Beach in Poipu for snorkeling, about 25 minute drive. Marriott's Kauai Lagoons - Kalanipu'u . (ta && ta.queueForLoad ? - We are going to Kauai for a week in August then to Maui. The main thing that is not really available, alhough you can do it, is snorkeling and enjoying the finny friends. I say this just to point out that all the Poipu beaches are crowded at TG and Xmas, as is the Kalapaki beach.. As part of a 500-acre master-planned community, Marriott's Kauai Lagoons â Kalanipu'u surrounds you with tropical foliage, sparkling lagoons and dramatic coastline. ta.queueForLoad : function(f, g){document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', f);})(function(){ta.trackEventOnPage('postLinkInline', 'impression', 'postLinks-53013985', '');}, 'log_autolink_impression');Kauai Marriott Resort remodeled all their rooms as few years ago. The kauai lagoons, you have to go down the hill to kalapaki beach, and to the restaurants. Enterprise streaming solutions. Bath 1 . We also only see a couple visitor cars near the Lagoons, and not much as far as human beings. Kauai in June, where to stay? If you can, try and get one of those units, it is like a one bedroom suite with a separate kitchenette, dining and living area. And thanks to everyone for all the information to date...very helpful for first timer. Jammed to the gills, especially on weekends, with many if not most of the beachgoers coming from other non-beachfront locations. and never in all those years used a beach lounger. Did you see Todays Groupon for world resorts international? But as an owner, I can't wait to see what's going on when we get there in January and then again in July when it will have been completed. Oh....this is cool.....the other day I was on my own for the daily walk/hike, and as I was just walking along the beach when someone started telling SHARK ! Ditto what most have said here. The Waihohai is a complete zoo durig busy times. We do see, sometimes the sales personnel showing the kauai lagoon units, and area, transporting their guests in cool looking golf carts. I think Washington wahine makes a good point. The Poipu location will be packed, I'm sure. How has Kauaʻi been affected by the floods? United States - Kauai Marriott Lagoons or Waiohai in Poipu? 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+Stuttgart,
+July 30, 1920
+Today I
+shall have to continue with some of the topics I
+discussed the last time I was here. It is particularly
+important, indeed necessary, to stress the connection
+between what I have said before and what I wish to add
+today. I have explained that the road to spiritual
+science calls for recognition to be given to two facts.
+One fact is that it is impossible to imagine that matter,
+physical substance, can be found to the outer world of
+our human environment. This can be clearly understood on
+the basis of many different things that can be learned
+through spiritual science. Our eyes behold the outside
+world, our ears hear the outside world, and we come to
+understand nature in a way when we use the intellect to
+combine the things we see, hear and Perceive with the
+other senses. We then think we know something about outer
+nature. Yet we are in error if we think and believe some
+form of science will help us to find physical matter and
+the laws pertaining to it in that outer nature.
+Materialism was in error not because it was speaking of
+physical matter but because materialists thought they
+could find physical matter and the laws of physical
+matter, its infrastructure and essential nature, in the
+outside world. People saying they do not want to know
+about the outside world because it is a material world,
+and that they want to follow the inner mystical path to a
+world of the spirit, are therefore materialists just as
+much as people who simply interpret the outside world in
+materialistic terms. Their search along the path of
+mysticism shows that in their view, too, Physical matter
+is to be found in the outside world. The people of more
+recent times are in error when they look for the
+essential nature of matter in the outside world. To put
+things right essentially means that we must no longer
+look for the nature of matter in the outside world and be
+very clear in our minds that however far we extend our
+sensory perceptions we shall never discover the nature of
+matter and its infrastructure, its laws. It has to be
+understood that all that exists in the outside world is
+Maya. It is the world of phenomena. Look as we may we
+shall never find anything material in that outside
+world.
+On the
+other hand we must grasp a second, quite different fact.
+It is that the nature of matter, which materialism is
+erroneously looking for in the outside world, may be
+found within ourselves. We shall find it particularly if
+we become one-sided, abstract mystics. The contents of a
+certain mysticism coming to our awareness —
+experiences we think we are having — are nothing
+but the flame, I would say, that is lit within us by
+processes involving our physical organs. Considering the
+mysticism of Tauler and of Meister Eckhart, one is right
+in thinking that these men had a special faculty for
+experiencing these things and interpreting the physical
+matter in their bodies when the flame of awareness was
+ignited. They found the material world through mysticism.
+Until we know that external observation reveals only the
+world of phenomena, Maya, and that inward observation
+reveals only physical matter and its flame, we cannot get
+a clear, true picture of the nature of the world and the
+way human beings relate to this world. Physical matter is
+not to be found by applying science to the outside world,
+it must be sought within us, through mysticism. There we
+shall find its laws. The essential nature of gravity is
+not to be found with the aid of Atwood's machine. [
+Note 51 ] Instead we can
+try — in our thirty-second year, or perhaps at
+another time in our lives — to become inwardly
+aware of gravity, so that we know from inner experience
+what it really means to experience gravity. Concrete
+inner experience should show us that between the
+thirtieth and fortieth year we grow heavier and heavier
+inside. We can gain inner experience of a property of
+matter that merely comes to expression in mystical
+experiences. I have tried to demonstrate the essential
+point by saying that anyone finding himself in the midst
+of the chaos of the planet, the way modern scientists do,
+cannot get a clear idea concerning these things. We see
+the plants, the animals, the cloud cover; we see the
+glittering light of the stars, we see rivers, hills and
+valleys and so on. Yet if someone were to observe the
+earth from Mars, for instance, none of these would
+matter. An inhabitant of the planet Mars observing the
+earth through some instrument or other — we may
+well imagine, and it would be in accord with the truth,
+though in a different way, that those who inhabit Mars
+have the kind of organization that enables them to
+observe the earth — would perceive nothing of the
+cloud formations, rivers and mountains we see, nothing of
+the phenomena relating to the mineral, plant and animal
+kingdoms. He would only perceive what goes on inside the
+skin of the human beings living on earth. Everything else
+would vanish before the eye of an inhabitant of Mars. He
+would perceive only what goes on inwardly in the organic
+life of human beings and for him that would be the
+material world of the earth. When we grow aware of a
+mystical element within us it is not what many mystics
+think it is but the flame that is cooked inside us. That
+is the place where we can find out about the physical
+matter of the earth. This form of self-perception takes
+us into the sphere of matter and of energy, an area where
+the people of the Western world have arrived at exactly
+the opposite view over the last centuries.
+This gives
+an indication of the extent to which we have to change
+our thinking if the decline is to become an upward
+movement again. People think they are materialists or
+idealists or spiritualists because they follow a
+particular philosophy. That is not the case. We are far
+from being spiritualists when we say we contemplate the
+inner and not the outer life. It could indeed happen that
+someone is concentrating on his inner life and exactly by
+doing so comes to observe matter; the way it turns into a
+flame inside us. To find the right path it will be
+necessary to grasp what I mean, and to do so with the
+right inner attitude. The outer world as we perceive it
+with the senses offers only phenomena; it does not reveal
+the root and origin of the phenomena. Their root and
+origin lies inside our own skins. Anything we see outside
+should be regarded in the same way as we regard a
+rainbow. Anyone who believes a rainbow to be more than
+merely a phenomenon, thinking it to be something material
+spanning the heavens, is taking the wrong view. In the
+same way we are in error If, due to the fact that our
+sense of touch is also involved when we perceive the
+world around us, we believe we are surrounded by material
+things and not mere phenomena. The only difference
+compared to a rainbow is that other senses are also
+involved. Materiality cannot be found there, however,
+just as it does not exist in a rainbow. Everything
+outside us is phenomenon. The root and origin of the
+phenomena therefore is inside the human skin. The
+processes that carry the affairs of the earth from one
+age to another take place inside the human skin.
+It may seem
+highly improbable and paradoxical to modern minds but it
+is nevertheless true that the phenomena which surround us
+today, and the laws apparent in these phenomena, are not
+the outer consequence of material events that occurred
+three thousand years before the Mystery of Golgotha. They
+are the consequence of what went on inside the bodies of
+Egyptians, of Chaldeans and others three thousand years
+before the Mystery of Golgotha. Those inner events have
+become outer ones. The outside world of those times has
+vanished, disappeared. Human bodies hold the germ for a
+future that may be reckoned in thousands of years. It is
+possible to see this by considering the natural phenomena
+of today, drawing a conclusion that may be bold but
+nevertheless revealing. People talk about the properties
+of the element radium. To someone able to perceive the
+reality of the spirit this sometimes sounds like children
+talking about something adult minds have long since come
+to understand on the basis of different facts. Modern
+physicists know that the radium which existed on the
+earth's surface up to AD 140 has since disappeared and no
+longer is radium. The radium that is found today has only
+formed since AD 140. Physicists are actually teaching
+this now. These things present themselves to human minds
+to force them, as it were, finally to give up the
+erroneous ways of thinking which had to be pursued for
+centuries for the sake of human freedom.
+All this
+shows that it is necessary to consider the things
+spiritual science working towards anthroposophy presents
+to human minds in a totally different way from the way we
+usually look at things. It is necessary to abandon mere
+theory and consider the reality: to progress at all
+levels from abstract intellectual knowledge to active
+perceptiveness, to doing things, really doing something
+in relation to the world. As I have said before —
+but it is essential to make this point with real
+forcefulness—people think that some are
+materialists nowadays and others are spiritualists. A
+spiritualist will say: ‘He's a materialist and has
+to be opposed because it is not true that the soul is the
+product of physical matter. What the materialist says is
+wrong and we have done enough when we have refuted his
+arguments. The materialist is in error and therefore must
+be opposed.’ That is not the point, however. It is
+not a question of logic, of theories. Yet people always
+think spiritual science is all theory. Spiritual science
+working towards anthroposophy always bases itself on
+reality, sometimes of course seeking it in the place
+where it is to be truly found: in the true realm of the
+spirit. People who look to the outside world and seek to
+find matter everywhere by the methods now used in
+molecular and atomic theory—it makes no difference
+if they see matter as point sources of energy or as tiny
+building stones — are not merely subject to an
+error in logic that can be refuted. True spiritual
+science has nothing to do with purely theoretical
+concepts. It is concerned with reality. Anyone looking
+for more than phenomena in the outside world Is on the
+road not only to logical error but to organic illness
+affecting the whole of his person. We should not say that
+to follow this road Is an error in logic. We should say
+that anyone searching for truth In that direction is on
+the road to organic illness, on the road to
+feeblemindedness. Spiritual science working towards
+anthroposophy often has to change theoretical views into
+views that relate to reality. The search for clarity of
+ideas and concepts has nothing to do with merely agreeing
+or disagreeing with the views of others; it has to do
+with sickness and health, very real things in our lives.
+It therefore has to be said that a seeker who looks to
+phenomena for more than mere phenomena, for physical
+matter, is on the road to feeblemindedness, to organic
+illness. This is entirely within the sphere of
+reality.
+In the same
+way we cannot simply oppose people who look to find
+abstract spirituality within themselves. Someone looking
+for the spirit by following the path of mere one-sided
+inner mysticism, failing to realize that when he comes to
+see through the tissue of this mysticism it is
+materiality he finds, is on the way to becoming
+infantile, to developing an organic illness taking the
+form of childishness. a have given it the name that may
+well be given when one perceives this from beyond the
+threshold.) If we call this the threshold from the
+Physical to the non-physical world, with the Guardian of
+the Threshold standing there, the quality we call
+inspiration, or genius, on this side may justifiably be
+called childishness on the other side of the threshold.
+Childishness goes the wrong way in the physical world if
+it persists throughout life. Genius on the other hand
+means that a certain childlike quality persists in the
+background throughout life. Genius is achieved when we
+are able to retain into ripe old age a quality of soul
+that normally belongs to childhood. This is seen in its
+true form from beyond the threshold. If however that
+childlike soul quality persists one-sidedly into
+subsequent life stages, then this element, which in its
+rightful place in the human sphere is genius, becomes
+childishness instead. Once again we see that purely
+logical ideas must be replaced with ideas relating to
+reality as soon as we enter the sphere of spiritual
+science. They must be replaced with concepts that not
+merely change our views but produce inner organic
+changes.
+Spiritual
+science working towards anthroposophy is a very serious
+matter. The seriousness of it is not given full
+recognition when people approach the work of spiritual
+science with their ordinary mental attitudes. They want
+to agree or disagree the way they usually do in the
+outside world; they want to continue in their habitual
+ways as they approach spiritual science. Spiritual
+science working towards anthroposophy can however only be
+taught by speaking in the terms of the world beyond.
+There words have entirely different meanings. Gravity,
+which exerts a downward pull here on earth, exerts an
+upward pull in that world. In the spiritual world we have
+to speak of what draws us down in a way that makes it the
+exact opposite. It is not surprising then that anyone
+taking spiritual science seriously is, to begin with,
+completely misunderstood by people who want to proceed in
+the customary way — a way that was inevitable in
+the age of materialism — when they approach
+spiritual science. The inevitable result is that things
+like those I dared to put to you yesterday are
+misunderstood.
+Someone
+presenting his own views in opposition to Oswald Spengler
+would simply refute him. A spiritual scientist finds
+himself obliged not to refute Spengler's view in the
+usual way. He has to assume points of view rather than
+follow a rigid line; he will have to say that Oswald
+Spengler speaks from a different point of view, one that
+offers no prospects for the immediate future. We do
+justice to such phenomena if we do not simply refute them
+but show the genius that is in them, speaking with inner
+concern about the things one would like to see overcome.
+Spiritual science has much more to do with the way in
+which we deal with these things than with bald
+statements, with the kind of mystical platitude that the
+person who produces it even believes to be a particularly
+inspired truth. We have to consider these things, for we
+are moving into an age where we have to get beyond the
+mere contents of intellectual life. This is something I
+want to stress over and over again: we must get beyond
+the mere content of intellectual life.
+Going just
+by the content, even a fool would find it relatively easy
+to refute Oswald Spengler's ideas. That is by no means
+difficult, but it is not what matters. What matters is to
+establish the concrete reality of Spengler's work and
+show how it can be overcome in a real and concrete way.
+In future the essential point in characterizing a person
+Will be more and more to consider what they are actually
+saying rather than to respond in sympathy or antipathy to
+what he or she has to say. We should not consider whether
+certain contents please or displeases us, but whether
+there is a spiritual quality to them. It is more
+ImPortant for the overall outcome of world evolution that
+there is someone who is an inspired materialist, a genius
+in representing materialism, for that calls for a
+brilliant mind whilst it often needs very little
+intelligence to represent platitudinous mysticism. A
+platitudinous mystic may on occasion do more to make the
+world materialistic than an inspired materialist. It is
+the quality of mind that matters. Recognition of this
+fact will count for much more in future than the actual
+content. This is something we have to learn. We must not
+seek for the spirit as though it were a system of logic;
+we must look for its reality. Let me ask you this. Would
+it not be possible for You to see that more of the spirit
+is alive in an inspired materialist than in a
+spiritualist full of platitudes? These are the things
+spiritual science working towards anthroposophy must come
+to see clearly. It is the reality of the spirit that
+matters, not the abstract statements made by one person
+or another. People fail to realize how important it is to
+consider realities and not theories!
+Some of the
+things we see in ordinary life simply must be considered
+from the point of view of spiritual science today if we
+are to get them clear in our minds. Consider the parties
+which have formed in public life in our everyday world.
+Let us first of all consider the ordinary political
+parties. You know that the most miserable, sterile
+cliches are to be found in party politics. Yet to some
+extent we are all part of this, willy-nilly, unless we
+want to withdraw completely from public life or perhaps
+cannot have a vote because we are stateless and have not
+been given the right to vote anywhere. Everybody who has
+the right to vote is forced to support one line or
+another, i.e. to work along party lines. Parties are a
+fact of life. They go back to better times, to the
+English see-saw system when there was the Conservative
+Party on one side and the Liberal Party on the other. It
+may be said that all the parties that now exist are
+different combinations of those two shades. Sometimes the
+liberal element which is to the left takes on some colour
+from conservatism on the right, and conservatism is
+coloured with liberalism from the left, as in the case of
+the Social Democrats, or conservatism turns radical, as
+we have seen in the present time. All in all it can be
+said that the conservative-liberal seesaw is the pattern
+on which all our parties are based. That is the picture
+one gets when looking at this in an outer way. The most
+dreadful things are happening in those party
+organizations — everybody would admit this. The
+thing exists, however, and the question is why it exists.
+What does it rally represent? What in fact are
+parties?
+Everything
+that presents itself in the physical world is an image of
+the non-physical world. What is it that exists in the
+non-physical world with the result that in the physical
+world we have parties as an image of it? The matter can
+only be properly understood if we grasp the conditions
+which apply when we go across the threshold to the
+spiritual world. There we arrive at something very
+different, at the real nature of things. Here in the
+physical world we are idealists, sceptics, realists,
+spiritualists or any other kind of -ists. We are
+something that can be summed up in a manifesto, as a
+political or sociological system. In short, we are
+something-ists. We base ourselves on an abstract notion,
+for parties always base themselves on manifestos, systems
+and the like, i.e. on abstract notions. As soon as we
+cross the threshold to the spiritual world we are no
+longer dealing in mere logic and abstract notions, we are
+dealing with realities. It is merely that this is not
+usually taken seriously. You cannot give your allegiance
+to a party programme when you have gone past the Guardian
+of the Threshold, you can only hold to the essential
+spirit of things, for there everything has to do with the
+essential spirit. You can merely hold to a spirit of the
+higher hierarchies and say: That is the one I follow, the
+one I unite with. Let others present their affairs in
+their own way, I am uniting with that one, I take his
+side. The term 'to side with one or another' achieves
+very real significance then; it is no longer merely
+abstract. Being human we are inclined to say that as soon
+as we look beyond the threshold we find three essential
+spirits: the Christ, Ahriman and Lucifer. It is of course
+possible to prepare oneself carefully to gain
+comprehension of the spiritual world and then to say: I
+choose Christ's party, or Ahriman's or Lucifer's Party.
+It is however also possible to obscure the issue, being
+badly Prepared, and choose Ahriman but call him Christ.
+We follow a spiritual entity, however — everything
+is of the essence beyond the threshold! We are always
+dealing with realities there, not with anything by way of
+a programme or system.
+These words
+I say to characterize the relationship of the human being
+to the non-physical world are weighty words. In one
+particular respect it is not yet possible to say the
+final word on the subject, because that would be too
+provocative. Very few people on this earth however are
+aware that basically it is an illusion to follow party
+lines, to accept the abstract notions of parties. There
+is no reality to it and when we begin to follow something
+that is real we must in fact follow something that lies
+in the spiritual world beyond the threshold. There is
+however one party that may immediately be characterized
+as being well aware of this secret and indeed acting upon
+it. This was said in public in the course of lectures
+given at Karlsruhe in 1911 [ Note 52 ] and has brought me the
+hatred of the party in question. These are the Jesuits.
+They know very well that to follow a party programme
+— forgive me for using a term commonly used in
+Germany—is nonsense. One follows a spiritual entity
+in the non-physical world! That is why their exercises
+start with the Jesuit having to visualize the spirit whom
+he is to follow in the Society of Jesus, forming a
+military corporation for him. When I say that the last
+word cannot yet be said, I want to hold back concerning
+the nature of what is called 'Jesus' there. The point is
+to show that Jesuitism forms a party that follows a
+spiritual entity and that Jesuits are very well aware
+that to follow some party or other that goes no further
+than a programme to be followed in the physical world is
+a nonsense. The effectiveness of the Society of Jesus is
+due to the fact that it trains its followers to be the
+soldiers of a spiritual entity. The do not say this is
+right and this is wrong. They say: ‘It is part of
+the mission of the spiritual entity I am following; I
+shall defend it. I shall oppose anything that is not part
+of the Mission of the spiritual entity I am following,
+even if it is logically defensible; it is just as
+possible to defend what Lucifer and Ahriman are about as
+it is to defend the things Christ is about. There are
+exactly three logical defenses and they are all equally
+valid.’
+We
+therefore have the strange phenomenon that the Jesuits
+are of course aware that anthroposophy is taking a
+spiritual line that is wholly defensible and yet they
+oppose it. They know full well that logical argument is
+no effective opposition, for it merely means playing with
+logic. They know that they are facing an adversary in
+this battle of minds and they will use all available
+means. It is therefore pointless to join battle by
+refuting the refutations of the Jesuits. They know
+exactly what objections we can raise; the fact that they
+know them and consider them to be fair makes no
+difference, however, for they follow another spirit than
+the one anthroposophy must now follow for the weal of
+humankind. As soon as one is in the realm of the spirit
+it is reality that counts. What counts is that one really
+gets a clear understanding of the spiritual paths, using
+the whole human being in arriving at such understanding
+— which certainly can be achieved with healthy
+common sense nowadays—and not the human dwarf who
+tends to be the end product of the kind of educational
+establishments we have today.
+The parties
+which exist in physical life are therefore caricatures of
+something that rightfully exists in the spiritual world.
+That is what is so difficult about it. Things appearing
+in the physical world may be a reflection of something of
+genuine significance in the spiritual world. In the
+physical world it is pernicious and abominable, because
+every world has its own laws, and today we face the
+growing necessity to work our way up into the spiritual
+world again. The first stage consists of caricatures of
+spiritual life appearing in physical life; of people
+setting up party banners and following party idols when
+in fact they should be giving their allegiance to
+spiritual entities. It is truth and reality when it
+occurs in the non-physical world, and a lie and illusion
+when it occurs here in the physical world. You see I am
+not using empty words when I tell you that what matters
+is to transform purely theoretical things into the
+reality whenever we wish to speak of the truths that
+exist beyond the threshold.
+Mere
+refutation of materialism will not achieve anything,
+because the situation is like this where the human being
+is concerned: In their whole make-up human beings are
+really spirit and soul. This element of spirit and soul
+exists even before we are conceived, before we are born.
+It has evolved out of our previous earth incarnation; it
+has gone through the spiritual world. It now assumes
+flesh, creating a physical Image of itself that consists
+of nervous system, skeletal system, blood system. So we
+now have two things: the human being in soul and spirit
+and the human being of flesh and bone that is its image.
+When we are thinking the usual abstract thoughts, what is
+it that thinks in us? Not the human being of soul and
+spirit. It is particularly when we think abstract
+thoughts, above all using earthly logic, that the
+Physical brain in us is thinking. It is important to know
+that when materialists say that the brain does the
+thinking they are quite correct as far as abstract
+thoughts ar concerned. The physical brain is an image of
+the spiritual brain, and this image creates an image,
+abstract thinking being merely an image. It may thus be
+said that when it comes to abstract ideas the physical
+brain does the thinking.
+This is
+simply a special case of what I have said before.
+Materialism has merely found out that the brain is
+thinking the thoughts that from the middle of the 15th
+century onwards have become standard in Western
+civilization. The materialism presented by Moleschott,
+Buechner and that fat man Vogt [ Note 28 ] cannot be simply refuted
+by saying it is wrong. It is quite appropriate for human
+beings who, from the middle of the 15th century onwards,
+have turned more and more to mere materialism. Human
+beings of the Western world are in the process of
+becoming beings that think only with the physical brain.
+The prophets of such physical brain thinking, Moleschott
+and Buechner, merely stated what Western humankind was
+going to be. They were wrong only in so far as they
+applied this to humankind as a whole. What they said
+applies only to people living after the middle of the
+15th century, and in their case it does apply. People
+have got used to thinking only with their brains; it is
+the common way of thinking nowadays. Everything to be
+found in our ordinary literature, in the whole of modern
+science, is material thinking, is that kind of thinking.
+The materialists are quite right, and we could say that
+Buechner and Vogt would have been unfair to their
+colleagues if they had said that they thought with the
+spirit. That is not the case; they think merely with
+their brains. This cannot be argued against, and it has
+to be recognized that the road to materiality is not
+merely a false philosophy but something with a very real
+effect. That is also the reason why, when something like
+spiritual science working towards anthroposophy appears
+on the scene, those people will say: ‘These are
+thoughts beyond comprehension; they cannot be
+grasped.’ Well, they want to think with their
+brains: the thoughts of spiritual science are however
+thought with a soul and spirit element that has torn
+itself away from the brain. People must make efforts to
+tear their soul and spirit away from the brain with the
+help of thoughts that have been produced in this way;
+they must think those thoughts through. People must make
+an effort to think those thoughts through, to use the
+opportunity that still exists of tearing the element of
+soul and spirit away from the physical aspect of the
+brain. This element is on the way to being chained to the
+physical brain. People must tear themselves free. It is
+not a question therefore of right views and wrong views
+but of a process. The thoughts of spiritual science
+working towards anthroposophy are given to the world in
+the hope that people who are still capable of handling
+the old faculty of tearing themselves away that lies in
+them, will indeed make use of it and try and understand
+thoughts that are independent of the physical body, so
+that their souls may grow free of the body. It is
+therefore a question of having the will to understand
+anthroposophy; anthroposophy is intended to tear the
+element of spirit and soul away from the physical body.
+Our mission therefore is not merely to refute views that
+are wrong; but we must face the fact that very many
+people want to slither into them, want to be sheer matter
+and want to think, use their will and feel out of matter.
+We want to give spiritual science working towards
+anthroposophy to the world as something real, so that
+spirit and soul may be torn away from matter. The aim is
+to prevent the possibility of people losing their spirit
+and soul, for they now run the risk of slithering
+entirely into the ahrimanic sphere. People face the risk
+of losing soul and spirit and of losing themselves as
+human beings when the material world vanishes into
+nothingness, as I have described on an earlier
+occasion.
+It is not a
+question therefore of replacing the old with the new, but
+to become active in the search for truth. This saves the
+soul from slithering into mere materiality; it saves the
+spirit and soul element from slithering into the
+ahrimanic sphere, where egoity would be lost. It is not a
+question therefore of refuting materialism, but of saving
+humankind from materialism coming true. Materialism is in
+the process of developing into something that is true
+rather than false. When People say that materialism is
+wrong they are not talking about what really matters. No,
+we have to say that materialism is coming to be more and
+more right; in our present culture it is coming to be
+more and more right. We may well find that by the
+beginning of the 3rd millenium humankind will have
+developed in such a way that materialism is the correct
+view. It is not a question of refuting materialism, for
+it is in the process of becoming right. It is a question
+of making it not right, because it is on the way to
+becoming a fact and no longer merely a wrong theory.
+Certain
+people are trying to ignore these things. They want to
+make It as easy as possible for others, telling them to
+see how wrong materialism is and inviting them to turn to
+an abstract mysticism that Will give them everything they
+need. We could take up such abstract mysticism, but that
+would encourage materialism to become real and not mere
+theory. We do not have to overcome materialism because it
+is wrong, using words that remain theory; we have to
+overcome it because it is right and we must fight against
+it being the right thing. This puts another face on
+things, and this is also where we find ourselves in the
+reality of the spiritual world — not with theories,
+but with a living approach to the truth that in the
+cosmic scheme of things is an active deed. People find it
+unpalatable to have to listen to such things, yet that is
+the light in which everything should be regarded, even
+individual events. Believe me, the old methods of combat
+are finished with; everything that could be the habitual
+way in the past Is now finished. We must consider things
+in the light of the spirit.
+What is
+conservatism? What is liberalism? Here on earth they are
+caricatures of the spiritual world. Conservatives are
+followers of Ahriman, liberals of Lucifer. Having passed
+the Guardian of the Threshold one can see how the whole
+of conservatism is running after Ahriman and the whole of
+liberalism after Lucifer. That may seem peculiar to the
+sophisticated people of today. It is however because this
+seems so peculiar that spiritual science working towards
+anthroposophy is so difficult to understand. We shall
+never understand spiritual science by merely thinking it;
+we shall only come to understand it if every one of its
+concepts makes us suffer and rejoice, when we feel lifted
+up and cast down, when we want to despair over a word, or
+think we shall be redeemed because of a word, when we see
+destiny at work in what normally appears as a shadowy
+theory just as we see it at work in things that are done
+in the outside world, when what spiritual science working
+towards anthroposophy has to say goes beyond being mere
+words and becomes reality. Then, when the inner impulse
+alive in this spiritual science is understood and felt,
+it will be rightly seen why things that for a time were
+maintained as mere theory, because people first had to
+come to know about them, must now become reality, why we
+have to be serious about the reality that lives in the
+words of spiritual science working towards anthroposophy.
+It will be seen that the necessity arises in our age to
+make the substantial essence of those words come to
+reality.
+It is still
+the case that what is really intended with such a Waldorf
+School is not at all seen in the light of reality, that
+it is far too little considered in the sense which I have
+tried to characterize for you. Believe me, this is not to
+touch your hearts, nor to gain a little more support.
+Things have been said that had to be said now because
+humankind must know them. That is why I have said the
+things I have been saying. I merely wish that the
+opportunity would arise to say these things to a
+sufficiently large number of people, so that these people
+develop an inner impulsiveness where they take words as
+realities and do not merely listen in the belief that one
+is speaking theories.
+This is
+what I have wanted to put to you on these two occasions.
+It will have to happen that outer events follow not on
+the external contents of spiritual science as it is
+presented, but out of inner impulses. Fighters like the
+Jesuits know very well what many followers of
+anthroposophy still fail to realize: that spiritual
+science working towards anthroposophy is a reality. Since
+they have come to realize this—they have done so
+for some time now, from about 1906 or 1907 — since
+they have come to realize it they are opposing this
+spiritual science with increasing vigour. Many
+anthroposophists have no idea of the methods that are
+used, the sheer ingenuity, because there is a refusal to
+be really sure in one's mind of the seriousness of the
+situation. Words will only evoke a little bit of the
+things one really wishes people to take to heart; I have
+tried, however, to present just a little of it to you on
+these two occasions. If we reflect on what has been said,
+if we progress from reflection to feeling, to letting it
+become part of the whole of our being, there will be an
+end to abstract mysticism and to modern science. It will
+become the essential inner nature of the human being, it
+will be the power that releases spirit and soul again
+from physical matter, it will overcome a materialism that
+unfortunately is not wrong but is indeed
+Manpages - sudo.8
+allows a permitted user to execute a
+as the superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy. The invoking user’s real
+user-ID is used to determine the user name with which to query the security policy.
+supports a plugin architecture for security policies and input/output logging. Third parties can develop and distribute their own policy and I/O logging plugins to work seamlessly with the
+front end. The default security policy is
+which is configured via the file
+or via LDAP. See the
+section for more information.
+The security policy determines what privileges, if any, a user has to run
+The policy may require that users authenticate themselves with a password or another authentication mechanism. If authentication is required,
+will exit if the user’s password is not entered within a configurable time limit. This limit is policy-specific; the default password prompt timeout for the
+security policy is
+minutes.
+Security policies may support credential caching to allow the user to run
+again for a period of time without requiring authentication. By default, the
+policy caches credentials on a per-terminal basis for
+minutes. See the
+and
+options in
+for more information. By running
+with the
+option, a user can update the cached credentials without running a
+On systems where
+is the primary method of gaining superuser privileges, it is imperative to avoid syntax errors in the security policy configuration files. For the default security policy,
+changes to the configuration files should be made using the
+utility which will ensure that no syntax errors are introduced.
+When invoked as
+the
+option (described below), is implied.
+Security policies may log successful and failed attempts to use
+If an I/O plugin is configured, the running command’s input and output may be logged as well.
+The options are as follows:
+Normally, if
+requires a password, it will read it from the user’s terminal. If the
+option is specified, a (possibly graphical) helper program is executed to read the user’s password and output the password to the standard output. If the
+environment variable is set, it specifies the path to the helper program. Otherwise, if
+contains a line specifying the askpass program, that value will be used. For example:
+If no askpass program is available,
+will exit with an error.
+Ring the bell as part of the password prompt when a terminal is present. This option has no effect if an askpass program is used.
+Run the given command in the background. Note that it is not possible to use shell job control to manipulate background processes started by
+Most interactive commands will fail to work properly in background mode.
+Close all file descriptors greater than or equal to
+before executing a command. Values less than three are not permitted. By default,
+will close all open file descriptors other than standard input, standard output and standard error when executing a command. The security policy may restrict the user’s ability to use this option. The
+policy only permits use of the
+option when the administrator has enabled the
+option.
+Run the command in the specified
+instead of the current working directory. The security policy may return an error if the user does not have permission to specify the working directory.
+Indicates to the security policy that the user wishes to preserve their existing environment variables. The security policy may return an error if the user does not have permission to preserve the environment.
+Indicates to the security policy that the user wishes to add the comma-separated list of environment variables to those preserved from the user’s environment. The security policy may return an error if the user does not have permission to preserve the environment. This option may be specified multiple times.
+policy uses the
+and
+environment variables (in that order). If none of
+or
+are set, the first program listed in the
+the editor is run with the invoking user’s environment unmodified. If the temporary file becomes empty after editing, the user will be prompted before it is installed. If, for some reason,
+is unable to update a file with its edited version, the user will receive a warning and the edited copy will remain in a temporary file.
+Run the command with the primary group set to
+instead of the primary group specified by the target user’s password database entry. The
+may be either a group name or a numeric group-ID
+prefixed with the
+character (e.g.,
+for GID 0). When running a command as a GID, many shells require that the
+be escaped with a backslash
+If no
+option is specified, the command will be run as the invoking user. In either case, the primary group will be set to
+The
+policy permits any of the target user’s groups to be specified via the
+option as long as the
+option is not in use.
+Request that the security policy set the
+environment variable to the home directory specified by the target user’s password database entry. Depending on the policy, this may be the default behavior.
+Display a short help message to the standard output and exit.
+Run the command on the specified
+if the security policy plugin supports remote commands. Note that the
+plugin does not currently support running remote commands. This may also be used in conjunction with the
+option to list a user’s privileges for the remote host.
+Run the shell specified by the target user’s password database entry as a login shell. This means that login-specific resource files such as
+or
+will be read by the shell. If a command is specified, it is passed to the shell for execution via the shell’s
+option. If no command is specified, an interactive shell is executed.
+attempts
+section in the
+manual documents how the
+option affects the environment in which a command is run when the
+policy is in use.
+Similar to the
+option, except that it removes the user’s cached credentials entirely and may not be used in conjunction with a command or other option. This option does not require a password. Not all security policies support credential caching.
+When used without a command, invalidates the user’s cached credentials. In other words, the next time
+is run a password will be required. This option does not require a password and was added to allow a user to revoke
+permissions from a
+file.
+When used in conjunction with a command or an option that may require a password, this option will cause
+to ignore the user’s cached credentials. As a result,
+will prompt for a password (if one is required by the security policy) and will not update the user’s cached credentials.
+Not all security policies support credential caching.
+If no
+is specified, list the allowed (and forbidden) commands for the invoking user (or the user specified by the
+option) on the current host. A longer list format is used if this option is specified multiple times and the security policy supports a verbose output format.
+If a
+is specified and is permitted by the security policy, the fully-qualified path to the command is displayed along with any command line arguments. If a
+is specified but not allowed by the policy,
+will exit with a status value of 1.
+Avoid prompting the user for input of any kind. If a password is required for the command to run,
+will display an error message and exit.
+Preserve the invoking user’s group vector unaltered. By default, the
+policy will initialize the group vector to the list of groups the target user is a member of. The real and effective group-IDs, however, are still set to match the target user.
+Use a custom password prompt with optional escape sequences. The following percent
+escape sequences are supported by the
+policy:
+expanded to the host name including the domain name (on if the machine’s host name is fully qualified or the
+option is set in
+expanded to the local host name without the domain name
+expanded to the name of the user whose password is being requested (respects the
+and
+flags in
+expanded to the login name of the user the command will be run as (defaults to root unless the
+option is also specified)
+expanded to the invoking user’s login name
+two consecutive
+characters are collapsed into a single
+character
+The custom prompt will override the default prompt specified by either the security policy or the
+environment variable. On systems that use PAM, the custom prompt will also override the prompt specified by a PAM module unless the
+flag is disabled in
+Change to the specified root
+(see
+before running the command. The security policy may return an error if the user does not have permission to specify the root directory.
+Write the prompt to the standard error and read the password from the standard input instead of using the terminal device.
+Run the shell specified by the
+environment variable if it is set or the shell specified by the invoking user’s password database entry. If a command is specified, it is passed to the shell for execution via the shell’s
+option. If no command is specified, an interactive shell is executed. Note that most shells behave differently when a command is specified as compared to an interactive session; consult the shell’s manual for details.
+Used in conjunction with the
+option to list the privileges for
+instead of for the invoking user. The security policy may restrict listing other users’ privileges. The
+policy only allows root or a user with the
+privilege on the current host to use this option.
+Used to set a timeout for the command. If the timeout expires before the command has exited, the command will be terminated. The security policy may restrict the ability to set command timeouts. The
+policy requires that user-specified timeouts be explicitly enabled.
+Run the command as a user other than the default target user (usually
+The
+may be either a user name or a numeric user-ID
+prefixed with the
+character (e.g.,
+for UID 0). When running commands as a UID, many shells require that the
+be escaped with a backslash
+Some security policies may restrict UIDs to those listed in the password database. The
+policy allows UIDs that are not in the password database as long as the
+option is not set. Other security policies may not support this.
+Print the
+version string as well as the version string of the security policy plugin and any I/O plugins. If the invoking user is already root the
+option will display the arguments passed to configure when
+was built and plugins may display more verbose information such as default options.
+Update the user’s cached credentials, authenticating the user if necessary. For the
+plugin, this extends the
+timeout for another
+minutes by default, but does not run a command. Not all security policies support cached credentials.
+The
+option indicates that
+should stop processing command line arguments.
+Options that take a value may only be specified once unless otherwise indicated in the description. This is to help guard against problems caused by poorly written scripts that invoke
+with user-controlled input.
+Environment variables to be set for the command may also be passed on the command line in the form of
+e.g.,
+Variables passed on the command line are subject to restrictions imposed by the security policy plugin. The
+policy subjects variables passed on the command line to the same restrictions as normal environment variables with one important exception. If the
+option is set in
+the command to be run has the
+tag set or the command matched is
+the user may set variables that would otherwise be forbidden. See
+for more information.
+When
+option was specified).
+The following parameters may be specified by security policy:
+real and effective user-ID
+real and effective group-ID
+supplementary group-IDs
+the environment list
+current working directory
+file creation mode mask (umask)
+scheduling priority (aka nice value)
+There are two distinct ways
+can run a command.
+If an I/O logging plugin is configured or if the security policy explicitly requests it, a new pseudo-terminal
+is allocated and
+is used to create a second
+process, referred to as the
+The
+creates a new terminal session with itself as the leader and the pty as its controlling terminal, calls
+sets up the execution environment as described above, and then uses the
+system call to run the command in the child process. The
+exists to relay job control signals between the user’s existing terminal and the pty the command is being run in. This makes it possible to suspend and resume the command. Without the monitor, the command would be in what POSIX terms an
+and it would not receive any job control signals from the kernel. When the command exits or is terminated by a signal, the
+passes the command’s exit status to the main
+process and exits. After receiving the command’s exit status, the main
+passes the command’s exit status to the security policy’s close function and exits.
+If no pty is used,
+calls
+sets up the execution environment as described above, and uses the
+system call to run the command in the child process. The main
+process waits until the command has completed, then passes the command’s exit status to the security policy’s close function and exits. As a special case, if the policy plugin does not define a close function,
+will execute the command directly instead of calling
+first. The
+policy plugin will only define a close function when I/O logging is enabled, a pty is required, or the
+or
+options are enabled. Note that
+and
+are enabled by default on systems using PAM.
+On systems that use PAM, the security policy’s close function is responsible for closing the PAM session. It may also log the command’s exit status.
+When the command is run as a child of the
+process,
+will relay signals it receives to the command. The
+and
+signals are only relayed when the command is being run in a new pty or when the signal was sent by a user process, not the kernel. This prevents the command from receiving
+twice each time the user enters control-C. Some signals, such as
+and
+cannot be caught and thus will not be relayed to the command. As a general rule,
+should be used instead of
+when you wish to suspend a command being run by
+As a special case,
+will not relay signals that were sent by the command it is running. This prevents the command from accidentally killing itself. On some systems, the
+command sends
+to all non-system processes other than itself before rebooting the system. This prevents
+from relaying the
+signal it received back to
+which might then exit before the system was actually rebooted, leaving it in a half-dead state similar to single user mode. Note, however, that this check only applies to the command run by
+and not any other processes that the command may create. As a result, running a script that calls
+or
+via
+may cause the system to end up in this undefined state unless the
+or
+are run using the
+family of functions instead of
+(which interposes a shell between the command and the calling process).
+If no I/O logging plugins are loaded and the policy plugin has not defined a
+function, set a command timeout or required that the command be run in a new pty,
+may execute the command directly instead of running it as a child process.
+Plugins may be specified via
+directives in the
+file. They may be loaded as dynamic shared objects (on systems that support them), or compiled directly into the
+binary. If no
+file is present, or if it doesn’t contain any
+lines,
+will use
+for the policy, auditing and I/O logging plugins. See the
+manual for details of the
+file and the
+manual for more information about the
+plugin architecture.
+Upon successful execution of a command, the exit status from
+will be the exit status of the program that was executed. If the command terminated due to receipt of a signal,
+will send itself the same signal that terminated the command.
+If the
+option was specified without a command,
+will exit with a value of 0 if the user is allowed to run
+and they authenticated successfully (as required by the security policy). If a command is specified with the
+option, the exit value will only be 0 if the command is permitted by the security policy, otherwise it will be 1.
+If there is an authentication failure, a configuration/permission problem or if the given command cannot be executed,
+exits with a value of 1. In the latter case, the error string is printed to the standard error. If
+cannot
+one or more entries in the user’s
+an error is printed to the standard error. (If the directory does not exist or if it is not really a directory, the entry is ignored and no error is printed.) This should not happen under normal circumstances. The most common reason for
+to return
+is if you are running an automounter and one of the directories in your
+is on a machine that is currently unreachable.
+tries to be safe when executing external commands.
+To prevent command spoofing,
+checks “.” and “” (both denoting current directory) last when searching for a command in the user’s
+(if one or both are in the
+Note, however, that the actual
+environment variable is
+modified and is passed unchanged to the program that
+executes.
+Users should
+be granted
+privileges to execute files that are writable by the user or that reside in a directory that is writable by the user. If the user can modify or replace the command there is no way to limit what additional commands they can run.
+Please note that
+will normally only log the command it explicitly runs. If a user runs a command such as
+or
+subsequent commands run from that shell are not subject
+to verify that the command does not inadvertently give the user an effective root shell. For information on ways to address this, please see the
+section in
+To prevent the disclosure of potentially sensitive information,
+disables core dumps by default while it is executing (they are re-enabled for the command that is run). This historical practice dates from a time when most operating systems allowed set-user-ID processes to dump core by default. To aid in debugging
+crashes, you may wish to re-enable core dumps by setting
+to false in the
+file as follows:
+Set disable_coredump false
+See the
+manual for more information.
+utilizes the following environment variables. The security policy has control over the actual content of the command’s environment.
+Default editor to use in
+(sudoedit) mode if neither
+nor
+is set.
+Set to the mail spool of the target user when the
+option is specified or when
+is enabled in
+(unless
+is present in the
+list).
+Set to the home directory of the target user when the
+or
+options are specified, when the
+option is specified and
+is set in
+when
+is enabled in
+or when
+is enabled in
+and
+is not present in the
+list.
+Set to the login name of the target user when the
+option is specified, when the
+option is enabled in
+or when the
+option is enabled in
+(unless
+is present in the
+list).
+May be overridden by the security policy.
+Used to determine shell to run with
+option.
+Specifies the path to a helper program used to read the password if no terminal is available or if the
+option is specified.
+Set to the command run by sudo, including command line arguments. The command line arguments are truncated at 4096 characters to prevent a potential execution error.
+Default editor to use in
+(sudoedit) mode.
+Set to the group-ID of the user who invoked sudo.
+Used as the default password prompt unless the
+option was specified.
+If set,
+will be set to its value for the program being run.
+Set to the user-ID of the user who invoked sudo.
+Set to the login name of the user who invoked sudo.
+Set to the same value as
+described above.
+Default editor to use in
+(sudoedit) mode if
+is not set.
+front end configuration
+and file redirection work.
+$ sudo sh -c “cd /home ; du -s * | sort -rn > USAGE”
+Error messages produced by
+include:
+By default,
+does not permit editing a file when any of the parent directories are writable by the invoking user. This avoids a race condition that could allow the user to overwrite an arbitrary file. See the
+option in
+for more information.
+By default,
+does not follow symbolic links when opening files. See the
+option in
+for more information.
+was not run with root privileges. The
+binary must be owned by the root user and have the set-user-ID bit set. Also, it must not be located on a file system mounted with the
+option or on an NFS file system that maps uid 0 to an unprivileged uid.
+was not run with root privileges. The
+binary has the proper owner and permissions but it still did not run with root privileges. The most common reason for this is that the file system the
+binary is located on is mounted with the
+option or it is an NFS file system that maps uid 0 to an unprivileged uid.
+An error occurred while loading or initializing the plugins specified in
+One or more environment variable names specified via the
+option contained an equal sign
+The arguments to the
+option should be environment variable names without an associated value.
+When
+tried to read the password, it did not receive any characters. This may happen if no terminal is available (or the
+option is specified) and the standard input has been redirected from
+needs to read the password but there is no mechanism available for it to do so. A terminal is not present to read the password from,
+has not been configured to read from the standard input, the
+option was not used, and no askpass helper has been specified either via the
+file or the
+environment variable.
+was unable to find a usable temporary directory in which to store its intermediate files.
+was not run with root privileges. The
+binary does not have the correct owner or permissions. It must be owned by the root user and have the set-user-ID bit set.
+It is only possible to run
+on systems that support setting the effective user-ID.
+The user did not enter a password before the password timeout (5 minutes by default) expired.
+Your user-ID does not appear in the system passwd database.
+It is only possible to specify environment variables when running a command. When editing a file, the editor is run with the user’s environment unmodified.
+See the HISTORY file in the
+distribution () for a brief history of sudo.
+Many people have worked on
+over the years; this version consists of code written primarily by:
+See the CONTRIBUTORS file in the
+distribution () for an exhaustive list of people who have contributed to
+There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root shell if that user is allowed to run arbitrary commands via
+Also, many programs (such as editors) allow the user to run commands via shell escapes, thus avoiding
+checks. However, on most systems it is possible to prevent shell escapes with the
+plugin’s
+functionality.
+It is not meaningful to run the
+command directly via sudo, e.g.,
+$ sudo cd /usr/local/protected
+since when the command exits the parent process (your shell) will still be the same. Please see the
+section for more information.
+Running shell scripts via
+can expose the same kernel bugs that make set-user-ID shell scripts unsafe on some operating systems (if your OS has a dev/fd directory, set-user-ID shell scripts are generally safe).
+If you feel you have found a bug in
+please submit a bug report at
+Limited free support is available via the sudo-users mailing list, see to subscribe or search the archives.
+is provided
+and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose are disclaimed. See the LICENSE file distributed with
+or for complete details.
+You must be subscribed to JoVE to access this content.
+Fill out the form to get a free trial:
+Fill out the form to get a free trial:
+Microscopic analysis of γH2AX foci, which form following the phosphorylation of H2AX at Ser-139 in response to DNA double-strand breaks, has become an invaluable tool in radiation biology. Here we used an antibody to mono-methylated histone H3 at lysine 4 as an epigenetic marker of actively transcribing euchromatin, to evaluate the spatial distribution of radiation-induced γH2AX formation within the nucleus.
+Date Published: 8/07/2010, Issue 42; doi: 10.3791/2203
+Keywords: Cellular Biology, Issue 42, H2AX, radiation, euchromatin, heterochromatin, immunofluorescence, 3D-modeling
+Vasireddy, R. S., Tang, M. M., Mah, L., Georgiadis, G. T., El-Osta, A., Karagiannis, T. C. Evaluation of the Spatial Distribution of γH2AX following Ionizing Radiation. J. Vis. Exp. (42), e2203, doi:10.3791/2203 (2010).
+An early molecular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is phosphorylation of the Ser-139 residue within the terminal SQEY motif of the histone H2AX1,2. This phosphorylation of H2AX is mediated by the phosphatidyl-inosito 3-kinase (PI3K) family of proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit and ATM and RAD3-related (ATR)3. The phosphorylated form of H2AX, referred to as γH2AX, spreads to adjacent regions of chromatin from the site of the DSB, forming discrete foci, which are easily visualized by immunofluorecence microscopy3. Analysis and quantitation of γH2AX foci has been widely used to evaluate DSB formation and repair, particularly in response to ionizing radiation and for evaluating the efficacy of various radiation modifying compounds and cytotoxic compounds4.
+Given the exquisite specificity and sensitivity of this de novo marker of DSBs, it has provided new insights into the processes of DNA damage and repair in the context of chromatin. For example, in radiation biology the central paradigm is that the nuclear DNA is the critical target with respect to radiation sensitivity. Indeed, the general consensus in the field has largely been to view chromatin as a homogeneous template for DNA damage and repair. However, with the use of γH2AX as molecular marker of DSBs, a disparity in γ-irradiation-induced γH2AX foci formation in euchromatin and heterochromatin has been observed5-7. Recently, we used a panel of antibodies to either mono-, di- or tri- methylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me1, H3K9me2, H3K9me3) which are epigenetic imprints of constitutive heterochromatin and transcriptional silencing and lysine 4 (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3), which are tightly correlated actively transcribing euchromatic regions, to investigate the spatial distribution of γH2AX following ionizing radiation8. In accordance with the prevailing ideas regarding chromatin biology, our findings indicated a close correlation between γH2AX formation and active transcription9. Here we demonstrate our immunofluorescence method for detection and quantitation of γH2AX foci in non-adherent cells, with a particular focus on co-localization with other epigenetic markers, image analysis and 3D-modeling.
+Cell preparation
+Cells can be counted either by an automated method (e.g. Sysmex or Coulter counter with filter size between 5 to 20 microns) or by using the trypan blue exclusion method and a haemocytometer. Excess number of cells (>800 cells/cm2) may lead to non-uniform staining.
+Irradiation and immunofluorescence staining
+When assembling the cytospin apparatus ensure that the hole in filter card coincides with the funnel.
+To prevent the formation of foci during the irradiation, keep the cells on ice for 5 to 10 minutes prior to and during irradiation.
+Following irradiation incubate the cells at 37°C, 5% CO2 for the required time (For peak γH2AX levels 30 minutes to 1 hour; 1 hour in this example).
+Do not let cells dry completely as cellular morphology may disintegrate.
+In our experience, fixation with paraformaldehyde is superior to fixing with ethanol or methanol. Suspension cells require fixation for 5 minutes at RT whereas longer fixation times (15 to 20 minutes) are needed for optimal fixation of adherent cells.
+We find that staining immediately yields better results than storing the fixed slides at -20°C which typically results in high background fluorescence.
+Compared to Tween-80 we typically observe better signals in cells permeabilized with Triton-X 100. Depending on cell type it may be necessary to change the permeabilisation time. For example, in K562 cells permeabilization for 5 minutes at RT is sufficient whereas in adherent cells a 15 minute permeabilization is required.
+We compared the blocking efficiency using serum (derived from same species as the secondary antibodies) and bovine serum albumin in PBS. BSA was more efficient in minimizing non-specific binding of secondary antibodies compared to serum. We compared different blocking times, overnight blocking at 4°C compared to 3 x 10 minute and 3 x 20 minute blocking steps at room temperature, and determined that blocking for 3 x 10 minutes was optimal.
+Incubation with primary antibody at RT for 60 minutes results in reduced background staining compared to an overnight incubation at 4°C.
+All incubations are performed in a humidified staining trough.
+To stain for different markers on the same slide use secondary antibodies with different species specificity (according to the primary antibody) and fluorescence emission wavelength (e.g. anti-mouse Alexa 488 (green) and anti-rabbit Alexa-546 (red) in this example).
+It is recommended to incubate cells in a dark moist chamber to avoid fading and drying of the secondary antibody.
+It is recommended not to dry cells completely before adding anti-fade solution.
+It is recommended to use confocal specific coverslips #1.5 (0.16-19 microns thick) and clear nail polish.
+While placing the coverslip on slide, care should be taken to avoid the formation of air bubbles.
+Image acquisition
+Images acquired using a confocal microscope reveal better spatial resolution.
+Since the size of γH2AX foci may be lower than 0.5 μicrons, it is recommended to acquire images with at least a 0.5 μicron step size along the Z-axis.
+A 63 x oil immersion objective lens is preferred compared to either higher or lower magnification. For imaging many cells for foci counting it is preferable to use a scan speed of 8 and image size of 1024 x 1024 pixels. To illustrate the spatial relationship between different nuclear proteins it is recommended to use a scan speed of 6 with image size of 2048 x 2048 pixels.
+When imaging from multiple channels a line scan acquisition is recommended compared to a frame scan. This avoids bleaching and better resolution is achieved. Sequential scanning is used to prevent bleed through between channels.
+Foci counting
+Image analysis and foci counting can be performed using various software packages (inlcuding Metamorph, Image-J and Imaris). The procedure for foci counting using Metamorph is described here.
+Care should be taken when choosing Top-Hat values. Optimal values can be obtained by visual comparison of images before and after applying filters.
+It is typically the threshold values that affect foci number. Therefore, much attention is required when selecting threshold values. This can be best achieved by the counting foci number using different threshold values in cells exposed to lower than 2 Gy of γ-radiation and then compare foci numbers with manual counting (by eye). The optimal threshold value is the one that minimizes the inclusion of background and maximizes inclusion of foci.
+3D reconstruction of images
+To create a 3D image from a stack using Metamorph:
+It is preferable to use the user specified Z-distance (optimal is 0.5 μicrons).
+Line scan analysis
+For line scan analysis using Metamorph:
+To elucidate the spatial relationship of various chromatin markers, for example, γH2AX foci and histone methylation, it is preferable to draw lines which span regions that are both dense and poor in these markers.
+Representative Data
+For the purpose of this demonstration we used antibodies to γH2AX foci and to H3K4me, to evaluate the spatial distribution of DSBs to an epigenetic determinant of actively transcribing euchromatin. As shown in figure 1, following irradiation with 2Gy, γH2AX foci formed predominantly in regions that were dull for both H3K4me staining and for the DNA stain TOPRO-3 (brightly stained DNA regions are indicative of heterochromatin).
+Figure 1. γH2AX foci form predominantly in euchromatin in response to ionizing radiation. (A) Immunofluorescence visualization of γH2AX foci (green) in human erythroleukemic K562 cells, 1 hour after γ-irradiation (2 Gy). γH2AX foci are shown in relation to H3K4me, representing actively transcribing euchromatin (red). DNA is labelled with TOPRO-3 (blue). The merged image (blue, red and green) demonstrates the exclusion γH2AX foci from heterochromatic regions. The line scan analysis (fluorescence intensity vs distance) indicates the relative distribution of the markers in a single plane. (B) Slices at different planes from the 3D reconstruction of the merged image described above.
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+No conflicts of interest declared.
+The support of the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering is acknowledged. TCK was the recipient of AINSE awards. Epigenomic Medicine Lab is supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (566559). This work is funded by the CRC for Biomedical Imaging Development Ltd, established and supported under the Australian Government s Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) program. LM is supported by Melbourne Research (University of Melbourne) and Biomedical Imaging CRC supplementary scholarships. The support of Monash Micro Imaging (Drs Stephen Cody and Iśka Carmichael) was invaluable for this work.
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+Characterization of a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A homolog from Tamarix androssowii involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance
+- Liuqiang Wang†1,
+- Chenxi Xu†1,
+- Chao Wang1 and
+- Yucheng Wang1Email author
+© Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012
+- Received: 13 March 2012
+- Accepted: 9 July 2012
+- Published: 26 July 2012
+Abstract
+Background
+The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) promotes formation of the first peptide bond at the onset of protein synthesis. However, the function of eIF5A in plants is not well understood.
+Results
+In this study, we characterized the function of eIF5A (TaeIF5A1) from Tamarix androssowii. The promoter of TaeIF5A1 with 1,486 bp in length was isolated, and the cis-elements in the promoter were identified. A WRKY (TaWRKY) and RAV (TaRAV) protein can specifically bind to a W-box motif in the promoter of TaeIF5A1 and activate the expression of TaeIF5A1. Furthermore, TaeIF5A1, TaWRKY and TaRAV share very similar expression pattern and are all stress-responsive gene that functions in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, indicating that they are components of a single regulatory pathway. Transgenic yeast and poplar expressing TaeIF5A1 showed elevated protein levels combined with improved abiotic stresses tolerance. Furthermore, TaeIF5A1-transformed plants exhibited enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, lower electrolyte leakage and higher chlorophyll content under salt stress.
+Conclusions
+These results suggested that TaeIF5A1 is involved in abiotic stress tolerance, and is likely regulated by transcription factors TaWRKY and TaRAV both of which can bind to the W-box motif. In addition, TaeIF5A1 may mediate stress tolerance by increasing protein synthesis, enhancing ROS scavenging by improving SOD and POD activities, and preventing chlorophyll loss and membrane damage. Therefore, eIF5A may play an important role in plant adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
+Keywords
+- Transgenic Plant
+- Salt Stress
+- Electrolyte Leakage
+- Promoter Fragment
+- Salt Stress Condition
+Background
+Eukaryotic initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is a small protein ubiquitously present throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. The protein was initially identified in rabbit reticulocytes as a factor involved in formation of the first peptide bond [1, 2]. EIF5A is a highly conserved protein and contains the post-translationally synthesized amino acid hypusine [3]. Molecular and biochemical studies in yeast and mammalian cells demonstrated that eIF5A is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by a post-translational hypusine modification that is only detected in the eIF5A protein, and consists of a two-step sequential reaction catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS, EC:2.5.1.46) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DHH, EC1.14.99.29) [4, 5].
+The precise cellular function of eIF5A is not fully understood. It was originally considered to be a translation initiation factor as it can stimulate methionyl-puromycin synthesis in vitro and transiently attach to ribosomes to begin eukaryotic cellular protein synthesis. In addition, eIF5A promotes the formation of the first peptide bond at the initiation of protein synthesis [1]. Recent studies have demonstrated that eIF5A dysfunction significantly decreases protein synthesis in yeast, and that eIF5A promotes translation elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[6–8]. Henderson and Hershey found that although eIF5A is not required for protein synthesis, eIF5A can stimulate the process by about 2- to 3-fold. They further draw a conclusion that the polysome profiles observe during and after eIF5A depletion are diagnostic for a role in initiation [9]. In addition, eIF5A is involved in cellular proliferation and apoptosis [10], promotes cell viability and cell growth [11] and the synthesis of proteins involved in progression of the cell cycle [12]. Moreover, eIF5A proteins are found to facilitate protein synthesis by participating in the nuclear export of specific mRNAs [5]. Furthermore, eIF5A proteins also play a role in RNA binding, and contain a C-terminal domain with a structure that resembles an oligonucleotide-binding fold [13].
+Plant eIF5A proteins are also highly conserved that are involved in multiple biological processes, including protein synthesis regulation, translation elongation, mRNA turnover and decay, cell proliferation, leaf and root growth, seed yield, leaf, flower and fruit senescence and programmed cell death [14–16]. Ma et al. showed that eIF5A plays roles in supporting plant growth and in regulating responses to sub-lethal osmotic and nutrient stress [17]. Valentini et al. showed that eIF5A is involved in the WSC/PKC1 signaling pathway that controls cell wall integrity or related processes, and plays a role in cell wall formation [18]. Hopkins et al. reported that eIF5A plays a vital role in signal transduction pathways involved in pathogen-induced cell death and in the development of plant disease symptoms. Plant eIF5A genes are also involved in abiotic stress responses [3]. For instance, Xu et al. showed that transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing RceIF5A show improved resistance to heat, oxidative and osmotic stresses, while the plants with reduced eIF5A expression (three AteIF5A isoforms in Arabidopsis are down-regulated) are more susceptible to these stresses [16]. Chou et al. reported that salt and heavy metal stresses induce the expression of rice eIF5A genes, OseIF5A-1 and OseIF5A-2, suggesting that they are involved in stress tolerance [19].
+However, little is known of the upstream regulators or its regulatory network, and its role in stress tolerance. In addition, if eIF5A does in fact confer stress tolerance in plants, the physiological changes mediated by eIF5A deserve further study.
+Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) species, which include small trees or shrubs, are widely distributed in the saline soils of drought-stricken areas of Central Asia and China. Tamarix androssowii Litvinov is highly tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought and high temperatures. These characteristics make the species a suitable source of stress tolerance genes and for investigating endogenous stress resistance mechanisms.
+In the present study, we cloned and functionally characterized an eIF5A from T. androssowii. We showed that TaeIF5A1 is a stress-responsive gene involved in the ABA signal transduction pathway. TaWRKY and TaRAV can active the expression of TaeIF5A1. In addition, TaeIF5A1 facilitates protein synthesis and regulates several physiological pathways to improve stress tolerance. This study reveals a physiological role for eIF5A and defines a possible mechanism for eIF5A-mediated stress tolerance in plants.
+Results
+Cloning and analysis of TaeIF5A1 and its promoter
+Phylogenetic tree of TaeIF5A1 and other eIF5As from different species. All protein sequences used in the phylogenetic analysis were retrieved from GenBank, and their GenBank accession numbers are as follows: Tamarix androssowii (AAT01416), Ricinus communis (XP_002514712), Populus deltoides (ACM79935), Picea abies (AAX92694), Manihot esculenta (AAK55848), Glycine max (ACJ76773), Hevea brasiliensis (AAQ08194), Rosa chinensis (ABM53472), Oryza sativa (CAB96075), Nicotiana tabacum (CAA45105), Senecio vernalis (CAB65463), Capsicum annuum (AAS48586), Carica papaya (ABS01354), Elaeis guineensis (ACF06454), Solanum tuberosum (ABB16995), Musa hybrid cultivar (ACP31200), Phalaenopsis hybrid cultivar (CAL69910), Zea mays (NP_001105606), Arabidopsis thaliana (AAG53646), Triticum aestivum (AAZ95172), Vitis vinifera (XP_002273265), Crithopsis delileana (ABB90163), Homo sapiens (NP_112594), Leishmania donovani (ADJ39999), Schizosaccharomyces japonicus (XP_002173495), Macaca mulatta (AFH28009), Bos taurus (NP_001069354).
+The promoter of TaeIF5A1 was cloned using TAIL-PCR, and a promoter fragment with 1486 bp (from −1 to −1486) in length was obtained. We identified diverse cis-elements in the promoter, including ARR1AT, DOFCOREZM, MYB1AT, MYBCORE and W-box (Additional file 1) using PLACE () [20]. The W-box sequence “CTGACT” was identified in TaeIF5A1 promoter that shows high binding affinity to WRKY [21].
+Expression of the TaeIF5A1 gene
+Analysis of TaeIF5A1 expression in response to different abiotic stresses. A–E. Two-month-old seedlings were watered with one of the following solutions containing 0.4 M NaCl, 20% PEG6000, 0.3 M NaHCO3, 150 μM CdCl2 , or 150 μM ABA for the indicated times. The relative expression level = log2 (transcription level under stress treatment / transcription level under control conditions). The error bars were obtained from multiple replicates of the real-time PCR.
+Analysis of the promoter activity of TaeIF5A1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaeIF5A1 promoter::GUS construct. A. Schematic map of the T-DNA inserted in the pCAMBIA1301 binary vector, which was used for Arabidopsis transformation. B. The spatial expression of TaeIF5A1 at different growth stages and in different organs or tissues of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the TaeIF5A1 promoter::GUS construct. (a) Three-day-old seedling; (b) One-week-old seedling; (c) Ten-day-old seedling; (d) Two-week-old seedling; (e) Three-week-old seedling; (f) Four-week-old seedling; (g) Five-week-old seedling; (h) Roots from a 5-week-old plant; (i) Two rosette leaves from a 5-week-old plant; (j) The whole flower cluster; (k) Anther in pollen grains; (l) Pistil; (m) The intact pistil; (n) The intact silique; (o) The seed of Arabidopsis.
+Targeting TaeIF5A1 to nucleus and cytoplasm
+Subcellular localization of TaeIF5A1. The TaeIF5A1–GFP fusion construct and the GFP control plasmid were introduced into the onion epidermal cells by particle bombardment. Expression of the introduced genes was examined after 48 h by fluorescence and light microscopy. (a, d) GFP fluorescence; (b, e) onion peel cells imaged under bright field; (c, f) merge of bright field and fluorescence.
+Analysis of the upstream regulator of TaeIF5A1
+Yeast one-hybrid analyses of the factors binding to W-box elements. A. Scheme of reporter and effector vectors. Fragments of the TaeIF5A1 promoter were inserted into the upstream of the His3 reporter gene. Promoter fragments of 461 bp and 165 bp containing the W-box motif (construct R1, R2) and promoter fragment of 165 bp containing the mutated sequence (construct mR2) were tested. The W-box and mutated W-boxes were respectively cloned into the upstream of the His3 reporter gene: W-box (construct R3); the mutants (constructs R4–R6). The effector vectors, E1: pGADT7-Rec2 harboring TaRAV; E2: pGADT7-Rec2 harboring TaWRKY. B. TaRAV and TaWRKY interaction with W-box (R3) or mutants (R4–R6) sequences. C. Determination of TaRAV and TaWRKY binding to the promoter fragments containing W-box or mutated motif (R1, R2, mR2). The effector and the reporter constructs were co-transformed into yeast strain Y187. Positive transformants were determined by spotting serial dilutions (1:1, 1:10, 1:100, 1:1000) of yeast onto SD/-His/-Leu/-Trp plates with 3-AT. Negative controls: N1, p53HIS2 + E1 (AD-TaRAV); N2, p53HIS2 + E2 (AD-TaWRKY); Positive control: P, p53HIS2 + pGAD-Rec2-53. D. TaRAV and TaWRKY binding to the W-box and the promoter fragment containing the W-box motif in tobacco leaves. (a) Construction of reporter and effector plasmids for transient trans-activation assays; (b) GUS staining of tobacco leaves co-transformed with reporter and effector plasmids; (c) GUS activity assay of the co-expression of effector and reporter plasmids. The data represent mean values of three independent experiments.
+To characterize the specific interaction between the W-box and TaWRKY and TaRAV, we mutated the core W-box motif “TGAC” to “TGGC”, “TAAC” and “TTTT”. Both TaWRKY and TaRAV could bind the W-box motif, but they failed to bind to each of the mutants (Figure 5B), indicating that both “G” and “A” in “TGAC” are necessary for W-box recognition. These results indicate that TaWRKY and TaRAV can specifically bind to the W-box.
+To further investigate whether these two genes can activate the expression of TaeIF5A1, promoter fragments of 461 and 165 bp in length containing the W-box motif, and promoter fragment of 165 bp in length containing mutated core sequence “TTTT” were respectively inserted into pHIS2, and the interactions between these promoter fragments and the two genes were determined using the yeast one-hybrid system. We found that both TaWRKY and TaRAV can specifically bind to the two promoter fragments containing the W-box, but failed in binding to the promoter fragment containing the mutated core sequence “TTTT” and the control (N1, N2) (Figure 5C), indicating that they may regulate the expression of TaeIF5A1 through binding to the W-box motif in the promoter of TaeIF5A1.
+To further confirm the above interactions, we co-transformed the effector constructs (pROKII-TaRVA or pROKII-TaWRKY) in which TaRVA or TaWRKY is driven by 35S promoter and their corresponding reporter plasmids (pCAM-W-box, pCAM-W165, pCAM-mW165) into tobacco leaves. Histochemical staining and GUS activity assay showed that the GUS gene was activated in tobacco cells when co-transformation of pROKII-TaRVA or pROKII-TaWRKY with pCAM-W-box and pCAM-W165; however co-transformation of pROKII-TaRVA or pROKII-TaWRKY with pCAM-mW165 failed in GUS activation (Figure 5D). These data clearly indicated that both TaRVA and TaWRKY can activate expression of TaeIF5A1 by binding to W-box motif in its promoter.
+Expression patterns of TaeIF5A1 and its upstream regulator genes (TaRAV and TaWRKY) and their Arabidopsis homologs. A–B. Expression patterns of TaeIF5A1 and its upstream regulator genes (TaRAV and TaWRKY) in the roots, stems and leaves of 2-month-old T. hispida seedlings subjected to 150 μM ABA or 20% PEG6000 treatment. C–D. Expression patterns of the AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960 genes in the roots and leaves of three week-old Arabidopsis seedlings subjected to 100 μM ABA or 20% PEG6000 treatment. AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960 in Arabidopsis are homolog to TaeIF5A1, TaRAV and TaWRKY, respectively. The relative expression level = log2 (transcription level under stress treatment / transcription level under control conditions). The error bars were obtained from multiple replicates of the real-time PCR.
+Given the facts that TaRAV and TaWRKY can activate the expression of TaeIF5A1, we next studied if this mechanism of transcriptional regulation is also maintained in the model plant Arabidopsis. Using BLASTX program in Tair, we identified the homologs of TaeIF5A1, TaRAV and TaWRKY in Arabidopsis are AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960, respectively. Real time RT-PCR showed that as in T. androssowii, AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960 also shared a very similar expression patterns in Arabidopsis when exposed to ABA and osmotic stress (Figure 6C, D).
+Functional analysis of the TaeIF5A1 gene using a S. cerevisiae expression system
+Functional characterization of TaeIF5A1 using the S. cerevisiae expression system. A. RNA gel blot analysis of the expression of exogenous TaeIF5A1 in yeast at different induction times. 1–2, empty pYES2 transformants were cultured in induction medium (SC-Ura-/Gal 2%) or suppression medium (SC-Ura-/Glu 2%) at 30°C for 36 h. 3–8, yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 were cultured in induction medium at 30°C for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h. B. Abiotic stress tolerance analyses of TaeIF5A1. Comparison of growth between two transgenic yeast lines (harboring empty pYES2 or pYES2-TaeIF5A1). Growth was detected by measuring the absorbance at 600 nm after culturing at 30°C for 24 h in liquid medium supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, LiCl or sorbitol. C. Investigation of the effect of TaeIF5A1 on protein synthesis. Yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1, TaPrx1 (positive control), or empty pYES2 were cultured in induction medium at 30°C for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h for soluble protein content analysis. * means significant difference (P < 0.05) between yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 and TaPrx1.
+We next compared the soluble protein content in three yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1, TaPrx1 (as control) or empty pYES2 (as control for investigating if the exogenous gene expressed). The protein content of yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 was the highest, followed by transformants harboring TaPrx1 then empty vector (Figure 7C). Transformants harboring empty pYES2 failed to produce an exogenous gene and exhibited the lowest overall protein expression; the two other transformed strains expressed greater levels of protein, suggesting that the exogenous genes had been expressed. Yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 displayed significantly (P < 0.05) higher overall protein levels than those harboring TaPrx1, indicating that the TaeIF5A1 expression increases protein level in yeast cells.
+Overexpression of TaeIF5A1 improves salt tolerance in transgenic plants
+Effects of the overexpression of TaeIF5A1 on abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic poplar plants. A–B. The seedlings of WT and transgenic lines grown on 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0 and 0.6 % NaCl for 20 d, the phenotypes of plantlets were photographed and the height was measured. C. Comparison of the relative rates of growth in height and basal diameter in WT and transgenic poplar lines. The plantlets with similar height from each line and control plants (sample size of 10 plantlets) growing in soil were treated with 0.8% NaCl solution for 30 d then watered normally, the height and basal diameter were measured after 90 d of treatment. RGH or RDG were calculated as: (final value - baseline value) / baseline value × 100 and presented as a percentage. D–E. The plantlets of WT and transgenic plants (2 and 3) with similar size were grown on 1/2MS medium supplied with 300 μM of CuSO4, CdCl2, 1 mM of ZnCl2, and 200 mM of sorbitol. After 16 d of stress, the phenotypes of plantlets were photographed and the height was measured. The error bars represent standard deviations of the mean measurements. * means significant difference (P < 0.05) between transgenic lines and WT plants. WT, wild type poplar plants; 1–10, ten lines of transgenic poplar plants.
+Additional abiotic stress tolerance assays
+Transgenic and WT plantlets were treated with CuSO4, CdCl2 and ZnCl2 or sorbitol for 16 d, and then their growth was compared. We found no difference in growth height between WT and transgenic plants under normal growing condition. However, relative to the WT, the transgenic plants exhibited greatly increased height growth under the various stress conditions (Figure 8D, E), indicating that plants overexpressing TaeIF5A1 possess increased tolerance to these forms of abiotic stresses.
+Measurement of soluble protein content
+Physiological analyses of WT plants and four transgenic TaeIF5A1 poplar lines. A–E. Comparison of soluble protein levels, POD activity, SOD activity, electrolyte leakage and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) between WT and transgenic poplar plants. Plantlets (60–100 cm in height, each sample contains at least ten plantlets) from wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (1, 2, 3 and 5) grown in soil were watered with 0.8% (w/v) NaCl for 0, 1, 4, 7 and 14 d, respectively. The error bars represent standard deviations of the mean measurements. * means significant difference (P < 0.05) between WT and transgenic lines plants.
+POD activity assay
+Transgenic and WT plants had similar POD activity prior to salt stress. Under salt stress conditions, POD activity in WT plants was transiently elevated after 1 d of stress, and subsequently recovered. However, in all transgenic plants POD activity was markedly improved and was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the WT during the entire 4–7 d period of exposure to stress conditions (Figure 9B).
+SOD activity comparison
+SOD activity in the transgenic lines was either higher or lower than that of WT plants prior to salt stress (Figure 9C). Under salt stress conditions, SOD activity in WT plants did not change; however SOD activity was increased in transgenic lines, being significantly (P < 0.05) higher after 4 and 7 d of exposure to salt stress (Figure 9C), indicating that TaeIF5A1 overexpression specifically increases SOD activity under salt stress condition.
+Electrolyte leakage assay
+Electrolyte leakage was not significantly different (P > 0.05) between transgenic and WT plants prior to stress. Electrolyte leakage increased in both transgenic and WT plants under stress conditions, with maximal electrolyte leakage levels after 7 d of salt stress. However, the increase of electrolyte leakage in transgenic lines was significantly lower than in WT plants (Figure 9D). These results indicated that transgenic plants suffer less membrane damage under salt stress conditions compared to WT plants.
+Relative chlorophyll content (RCC) comparison
+The RCC of WT plants did not notably vary following exposure to salt stress for 1–7 d, but markedly decreased after 14 d of exposure to stress. However, the RCC in transgenic plants increased over 4–7 d, and reached significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels than that of WT control plants under stress for 7–14 d (Figure 9E), indicating that TaeIF5A1 overexpression may enhance chlorophyll levels and prevent chlorophyll loss under salt stress condition.
+Discussion
+TaeIF5A1 is expressed in all tissues of plants, and tolerant to different abiotic stresses
+In the present study, we found that the TaeIF5A1 gene was significantly differentially regulated by NaCl, NaHCO3, PEG and CdCl2 treatments (Figure 2A–D), suggesting roles in the abiotic stress response. In addition, the expression of TaeIF5A1 and its upstream regulators, TaRAV and TaWRKY, were strongly inhibited by ABA (Figure 6A), suggesting that they are involved in ABA-dependent signaling pathway. Moreover, both yeast transformants and transgenic plants expressing TaeIF5A1 displayed increased tolerance to NaCl, KCl, ZnCl2, CuSO4, CdCl2 and sorbitol stresses. Furthermore, TaeIF5A1 gene is expressed in all the tissues including leaves, roots and stem at different growth stages, and also in reproductive organs (Figure 3B); therefore they may play role of stress tolerance in all of these tissues of plants.
+The W-box motif “CTGACT” can be specifically recognized by TaRAV and TaWRKY
+RAV transcription factors contain an AP2/ERF domain in their N-terminal regions and a B3 domain in their C-termini. Some RAV genes can interact with the sequences “CAACA”, “CACCTG” and the GCC-box “AGCCGCC” [22], which are involved in plant defense pathways [23] and diverse bioprocesses such as flowering, germination and the early events of leaf senescence [24, 25]. In the present study, a RVA gene, TaRVA, was found to bind to the W-box motif “CTGACT” (Figure 5v), and the binding is lost following “G” to “A” or “A” to “G” mutation of core “TGAC” motif (Figure 5B), suggesting a specific interaction.
+WRKY genes play a variety of roles in plant developmental and physiological processes. Previous studies showed that most WRKY proteins can bind to the cognate cis-acting element “C/TTGACT/C” in the promoter or the 5’ untranslated regions of target genes [21]. Our results showed that a WRKY homolog (TaWRKY) can specifically bind to the W-box motif “CTGACT” and that the core “TGAC” motif is sufficient for binding (Figure 5B).
+The expression of TaeIF5A1 is likely regulated by TaWRKY and TaRAV both of which can bind to the W-box
+A W-box motif is present in the TaeIF5A1 promoter, indicating that it may be regulated by W-box-binding transcription factors. Both yeast one-hybrid analysis and co-expression of reporter and effector genes demonstrated that two proteins, TaWRKY and TaRAV, which can specially bind to TaeIF5A1 promoter fragments containing the W-box, but failed in binding to the same fragments containing the mutated core sequence “TTTT” (Figure 5C, D). These results clearly suggested that both TaWRKY and TaRAV can activate the expression of TaeIF5A1 by binding to the W-box motif present in the promoter of TaeIF5A1. Moreover, the expression of TaeIF5A1, TaWRKY and TaRAV share very similar expression patterns, are all inhibited following ABA treatment and induced by osmotic stress (Figure 6A, B), suggesting that TaeIF5A1, TaWRKY and TaRAV may be components of a single regulatory pathway. Therefore, these combined results strongly suggest that TaWRKY and TaRAV are the upstream regulators of TaeIF5A1 that can regulate the expression of TaeIF5A1 through binding to the W-box motif in the TaeIF5A1 promoter. In Arabidopsis, the homologs of TaeIF5A1, AT1G13950, also has three W-box motifs in its promoter (from −10 to −670), suggesting that it may also be regulated by RAV and WRKY. Interestingly, real time RT-PCR results showed that the AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960 all shared very similar expression profiles in response to ABA and osmotic stress (Figure 6C, D), implying that these genes may also be components of a single regulatory pathway. These results indicated that the RAV and WRKY activate the expression of eIF5A may be a conserved mechanism of transcriptional regulation, which is also maintained in the model plant Arabidopsis.
+TaeIF5A1 facilitates protein synthesis to improve stress tolerance
+In the present study, we introduced TaeIF5A1 into yeast S. cerevisiae and poplar to investigate the role of TaeIF5A1 in protein synthesis. We found that overall protein levels in S. cerevisiae and poplar expressing exogenous TaeIF5A1 significantly improved compared with controls (Figure 7C and Figure 9A). These results suggest that TaeIF5A1 facilitates protein synthesis. In plants, protein synthesis is highly sensitive to salt stress and overexpression of eIF1A can improve protein translation under stress conditions [1, 26]. Increased salt tolerance is observed in plants transformed with eIF1A, indicating that protein synthesis positively correlates with stress tolerance [26]. In addition, protein accumulation provides a stored form of nitrogen that can be utilized to adjust osmotic potential [27], suggesting that a vital component of stress tolerance is the maintenance and enhancement of protein synthesis under stress conditions. Therefore, soluble protein levels may be closely associated with plant abiotic stress tolerance. These facts suggested that overexpression of TaeIF5A1 improves both protein levels and stress tolerance supports this hypothesis.
+TaeIF5A1 regulates some physiological pathways to improve stress tolerance
+Abiotic stresses, including salt, drought and extreme temperatures, can induce the rapid generation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause secondary oxidative stress to plants. Therefore, improving the ROS scavenging capacity is vital for plants to resist abiotic stress conditions. Both POD and SOD are important ROS scavenging enzymes integral to plant stress tolerance. In the present study, two results must be considered together: transgenic TaeIF5A1 lines had significantly higher POD and SOD activity than WT plants (Figure 9B, C); and transgenic TaeIF5A1 lines exhibited elevated protein synthesis (Figure 9A) under stress conditions. Consequently, we hypothesize that TaeIF5A1 increases SOD and POD activity by elevating POD and SOD enzyme synthesis and/or the synthesis of related proteins. In addition, elevated POD and SOD activity may enhance the ROS scavenging capacity of plants under salt stress. Moreover, abiotic stresses in plants also typically result in cell membrane damage, leading to electrolyte leakage. Therefore, electrolyte leakage is a common indicator of membrane damage and leakage is closely related to a loss in water potential. Our results indicate that the level of electrolyte leakage in WT plants is significantly higher than in transgenic plants (Figure 9D). These results suggested that TaeIF5A1 may also serve a role in membrane protection under stress conditions.
+Chlorophyll is the green plant pigment that absorbs light energy vital for photosynthesis. Salinity causes a reduction in chlorophyll levels and inhibits the net photosynthetic rate. Thus, chlorophyll content is a good indicator of the photosynthetic function of plants under adverse environmental conditions. Previous studies have shown that RCC in trees is reduced by aggravated salt stress due to the degradation of enzymatic chlorophyll [28]. We found that the RCC in WT and TaeIF5A1-transformed plants was similar under normal conditions. However, TaeIF5A1-transformed plants displayed an increased RCC following stress, and RCC was significantly higher in transgenic relative to WT plants following 4–14 days of stress (Figure 9E). These results suggest that eIF5A also has a role in preventing chlorophyll loss under salt stress. The increased RCC indicates that TaeIF5A1-transformed plants should increase or maintain a stable photosynthetic rate under salt stress compared to WT plants. A previous study showed that RceIF5A confers tolerance to heat, oxidative and osmotic stress, and overexpression of RceIF5A can enhance SOD activity and proline level, and decrease electrolyte leakage [16]. In the present study, we further showed that TaeIF5A1 is also tolerant to salt and heavy metal stresses, and overexpression of TaeIF5A1 can not only enhance SOD activity and decrease electrolyte leakage, but also facilitate protein synthesis, increase POD activities and maintain higher chlorophyll content under salt stress. These results suggested that eIF5A is involved in eliciting a stress response mechanism that may play a common role in plant tolerance to salt, heat, oxidative, osmotic and heavy metal stresses.
+Conclusion
+In summary, TaeIF5A1 is a stress responsive gene that forms part of the ABA signal transduction pathway. The expression of TaeIF5A1 is likely regulated by the transcription factor TaWRKY and TaRAV both of which can bind to W-box “CTGACT”. Furthermore, TaeIF5A1 can facilitate protein synthesis and confer abiotic stress tolerance. We propose that TaeIF5A1 increases plant salt tolerance via several physiological pathways, including enhancement of protein synthesis, elevation of SOD and POD activity, increase or maintenance of photosynthetic rates and the protection of cell membranes. Therefore, eIF5A serves essential and multiple roles in the reduction and elimination of stress imposed on plants by various abiotic factors.
+Methods
+Plant materials, growth conditions, and treatments
+T. androssowii seedlings were grown in pots containing a mixture of turf peat and sand (2:1 v/v). Thoroughly watered 2-month-old seedlings were each exposed to the following treatments: 0.4 M NaCl, 20% (w/v) PEG6000, 0.3 M NaHCO3, 150 μM CdCl2, and 150 μM ABA for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Following these treatments, leaves, stems and roots of seedlings from each sample (sample size of 10 seedlings) were harvested at the indicated times after initiation of each treatment and pooled for real-time RT-PCR analyses.
+Seedlings of Arabidopsis were grown into pots filled with perlite/soil mixture in a growth chamber under the controlled conditions (16 h light: 8 h dark; 70-75 % relative humidity; 22°C). Three week-old seedlings were each exposed to the following treatments: 20% (w/v) PEG6000, or 100 μM ABA for 0, 3, 6 and 12 h, respectively. After these treatments, the leaves and roots of seedlings were respectively harvested and pooled (sample size of 10 seedlings) for real-time RT-PCR analyses.
+Cloning and expression analysis of TaeIF5A1
+A TaeIF5A1 (AY587771) gene was cloned from T. androssowii cDNA library [29]. The sequence alignments of the eIF5A proteins from different species, including plants, yeast, mammalian and other eukaryotes was conducted using CLUSTALX1.81, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Neighbor-Joining method provided by the computer program MEGA5. The promoter of TaeIF5A1 was PCR-amplified from genomic DNA of T. androssowii using the Genome Walking Kit (TaKaRa, China). To analyze the activity of promoter of TaeIF5A1, the 35S promoter in pCAMBIA1301 was replaced with the TaeIF5A1 promoter (1,486 bp in length) to drive the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (Figure 3A). The TaeIF5A1 promoter::GUS construct was transferred into Arabidopsis plants by floral dip method. The T3 seedlings were employed for spatial expression analysis of TaeIF5A1 using GUS staining.
+Real-time RT-PCR was performed in Opticon 2 System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) with α-tubulin β-tubulin and β-actin genes as internal references. Primers used for RT-PCR are listed in Additional file 3: Table S1. The amplification was performed using the following cycling parameters: 94°C for 30 s followed by 45 cycles at 94°C for 12 s, 60°C for 30 s, 72°C for 40 s and 82°C for 1 s for plate reading. A melting curve was generated for each sample at the end of each run to assess the purity of the amplified products. Each reaction was conducted in triplicate to ensure reproducibility of results. Expression levels were calculated from the cycle threshold according to the delta delta Ct method [30].
+Subcellular localization of the TaeIF5A1 protein
+The TaeIF5A1 coding region without the termination codon was ligated in frame to N-terminal of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to generate the TaeIF5A1::GFP fusion gene. A CaMV 35S promoter was employed to drive TaeIF5A1::GFP, and the GFP gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter (35S::GFP) was used as a control. The constructs were introduced into the onion epidermis cells by particle bombardment (Bio-Rad). The transformed cells were analyzed using confocal laser scanning microscopy LSM410 (Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
+Identification of the upstream regulator of TaeIF5A1
+One W-box motif (“CTGACT”) [21] was found to exist in the promoter of TaeIF5A1 (Additional file 1). To study which gene can recognize this W-box and regulate the expression of TaeIF5A1, the three tandem copies of promoter sequence fragment (“AGGCTGACT”) containing W-box motif sequence were cloned into a pHIS2 vector (construct R3, Figure 5A), and were screened with Tamarix cDNA library for a one-hybrid assay (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA). To investigate the interactions between the W-box and positive clones, we mutated the W-box core motif “TGAC” [31, 32] with “TGGC”, “TAAC” or “TTTT” (constructs R4, R5, R6, Figure 5A) , and the interactions between the mutant W-box sequences and the positive clones were performed using yeast one hybrid. To further confirm the upstream regulator of TaeIF5A1, a 461 bp fragment of TaeIF5A1 promoter (from −456 to −916) containing the W-box motif (construct R1, Figure 5A ), and a 165 bp fragment of TaeIF5A1 promoter (from −591 to −755) containing the W-box motif and a 165 bp fragment of TaeIF5A1 promoter (from −591 to −755) containing the mutated W-box core motif “TTTT” (construct R2, mR2, Figure 5A), were cloned into pHIS2, respectively. The interactions between putative upstream regulators and the promoter fragments containing W-box or mutated W-box were performed using a yeast one-hybrid assay. In the above experiments, the p53HIS2 plasmid (pHIS2 contains three copies of p53 DNA element) was used as a negative control vector. All primers are shown in Additional file 3: Table S2.
+For further verification of these interactions, the three tandem copies of the W-box and the 165 bp promoter fragments containing W-box motif or mutated core motif “TTTT” were fused with 35S CaMV −46 minimal promoter and respectively cloned into pCAMBIA1301 to replaced with its 35S promoter for driving the GUS gene (constructs containing three tandem copies of the W-box named as pCAM-W-box, containing promoter fragment with W-box and mutated W-box named as pCAM-W165 and pCAM-mW165). The effector vectors were constructed by cloning the full ORF of TaRVA or TaWRKY into pROKII under the control of 35S promoter (named as pROKII-TaRVA and pROKII-TaWRKY) (Figure 5 Da). All primers are shown in Additional file 3: Table S3. Both the reporter and effector vectors were co-transformed into tobacco leaves using the particle bombardment. GUS staining assay was performed as described by Jefferson [33], and GUS activity was determined according to the method of Jefferson [34].
+To investigate the expression patterns of the upstream regulators of TaeIF5A1, real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression of TaeIF5A1 and the upstream regulators in Tamarix under ABA and osmotic stress conditions. For investigation of the expression of the homologs of TaeIF5A1, TaRAV and TaWRKY in Arabidopsis in response to ABA and osmotic stimulus, BLASTX research on Tair () was performed, we identified the homologs of TaeIF5A1, TaRAV and TaWRKY in Arabidopsis are AT1G13950, AT1G68840 and AT1G13960, respectively. An actin gene (AT3G18780) was used as internal reference to normalize the amount of total RNA present in each reaction. The primers used are listed in Additional file 3: Table S1, and the real-time PCR conditions were the same as above.
+Expression of TaeIF5A1 in S. cerevisiae and stress-tolerance assays
+The full ORF of TaeIF5A1 was cloned into pYES2 vector (Invitrogen), and was introduced into S. cerevisiae strain, INVSc1 (MATa, his3-1, leu2, trp1-289, ura3-52. His-, Leu-, Trp-, and Ura-). To determine the expression peak of TaeIF5A1 in yeast, yeast transformants harboring the TaeIF5A1 were cultivated in induction medium (SC-U medium containing 2% galactose) at 30°C for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h, and harvested for RNA gel blot analysis.
+For stress tolerance assays, clones harboring TaeIF5A1 and empty pYES2 (control) were cultured into SC-U medium containing 2% glucose at 30°C with overnight shaking, adjusted to OD600 of 0.4 in induction medium, and incubated at 30°C for 36 h (RNA gel blot result showed that peak level of exogenous gene induced at this time). After incubation, cell densities were adjusted to equal and incubated in different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, LiCl or sorbitol, then they were incubated at 30°C with overnight shaking. The growth rates were evaluated by measuring the OD600 for liquid medium in each sample.
+To analyze protein content, yeast transformants harboring Peroxiredoxin gene (TaPrx1, GenBank number: JQ082512) from Tamarix were used as control (it can remove the protein synthesis differences between the yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 and empty pYES2; since transformants harboring empty pYES2 failed in producing an exogenous gene-eIF5A compared with that harboring TaeIF5A1). The yeast transformants harboring TaeIF5A1 TaPrx1 and empty pYES2 were cultured in induction medium at 30°C for 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, adjusted to equal quantity, and harvested for soluble protein content analysis. The experiment was repeated at least three times. The protein extraction followed the procedure described by Kushnirov [35] and protein content analyses were performed following the Bradford method [36].
+Construction of plant expression vector and poplar transformation
+The TaeIF5A1 was cloned into pROKII (Additional file 2A), in which TaeIF5A1 under the control of CaMV 35S promoter, and transferred into poplar plants (Populus davidiana Dode × P. bollena Lauche) using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Kanamycin-resistant lines were detected by DNA gel blot and RNA gel blot. DNA probe for RNA and DNA gel blot were prepared by PCR amplification of the coding region of the TaeIF5A1 using digoxigenin (DIG) - PCR labeling mix (Roche). Total DNA (30 μg) from samples was digested with BamH I and Sac I and separated by electrophoresis on a 0.8% agarose gel. The DNA was denatured with NaOH and then transferred to Hybond N+ membranes (Amersham). Hybridization and detection was performed following the manual instruction (DIG High Prime DNA Labeling and Detection Starter Kit II; Roche). To detect the expression of exogenous TaeIF5A1, total RNA (20 μg) was fractionated on formaldehyde agarose gels, blotted on Hybond N+ membranes and fixed by UV cross-linking (254 nm, 8 min). Hybridization and detection were conducted following the manufacturer’s instructions (Dig Northern starter kit, Roche).
+Physiological analysis of transgenic and nontransgenic poplar
+The wild-type and the transgenic plants exhibiting similar height (about 1 cm in length) were grown on 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.6% NaCl (16 h light: 8 h dark, 25°C in tube). The phenotypes of plantlets were photographed, and the heights of plantlets were measured after 20 d of growth.
+For growth comparison of plants in soil, plantlets from WT and transgenic plants with similar height (about 70 cm in height) were employed. The height and basal diameter of each sample (sample size of 10) were measured before stress as baseline values. The plantlets were treated with 0.8% NaCl solution for 30 d then watered normally. Following 90 days of growth, the height and basal diameter (final values) were measured, and the relative growth rates of growth in height or basal diameter were calculated.
+For physiological analysis, plantlets (60–100 cm in height) from WT and transgenic plants grown in soil were watered with 0.8% (w/v) NaCl solution for 0, 1, 4 and 7 d, and leaves were harvested for analyses. For measurement of concentration of soluble protein, a standard curve for protein level with known concentrations of bovine serum albumin (0–100 mg, at 20 mg intervals) was generated. Phosphate buffer (1.5 mL, 0.01 M, pH 7.0) was added with sample leaf powder (0.1 g), extracted for 3 min, and centrifuged. One mL of supernatant was added with 2 mL of coomassie brilliant blue G250 regent, and the light absorbance was determined at 595 nm. Water was used instead of supernatant as control, and the protein concentrations were calculated using the standard curve. For POD activity measurement, each sample powder (0.05-0.1 g) was incubated with 1.5 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 4°C for 30 min. After centrifugation, 20 μL of supernatant was diluted to 500 μL with water, then added with 0.5 mL of 0.8% H2O2 , 0.5 mL of 0.1 M phosphate buffer, 0.5 mL of 0.1 M Guaiacol buffer, and incubated at 30°C for 8 min. Light absorbance (ΔA470) of the reaction solution was measured at 470 nm. Water was used instead of H2O2 as a control. POD activity (A pod ) was calculated as follows: A pod = (ΔA470V) / WTv × 100. Where V: total enzyme volume, v: the volume of enzyme used in reaction, W: the material weight, T: reaction time (min). For SOD activity assay, phosphate buffer (1.5 mL) was added with the leaf powder and incubated at 4°C for 30 min. After centrifugation, 30 mL of the supernatant was diluted to 500 mL with water and added with 1.5 mL of reaction buffer (0.013 M Met, 6.3 × 10-6 M NBT, 6.5 × 10-6 M riboflavin, 1 × 10-4 M EDTA, 0.05 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.8), and incubated at 30°C for 10 min under 6000 LX. The solution was measured at 560 nm. SOD activity was calculated as ASOD[Ug-1 min-1 (FW)] = (ΔA560 × N) / (50% WT); where ΔA560 is the decrease absorbance at 560 nm (%), N: the dilution folds, W: the weight and T: the reaction time (min). Electrolyte leakage was determined according to Wang et al.[37]. Soluble protein contents were measured following Bradford method [36]. A chlorophyll analyzer (Konica Minolta, Japan) was used to determinate relative chlorophyll content (RCC) in plants stressed for 1–14 d. Each sample contained at least ten plantlets and each experiment was performed in triplicate to ensure the accuracy of analyses.
+For other abiotic stress tolerance tests, the plantlets with similar size were grown on 1/2MS medium supplied with 300 μM of CuSO4, CdCl2, 1 mM of ZnCl2 and 200 mM of sorbitol. Plantlets growing in normal 1/2MS medium were used as the control. After 16 d of stress, the height between WT and transgenic lines plants were compared.
+Statistical analysis
+Data analyses were carried out using SPSS 16.0 (SPSSInc, Chicago, III, USA) software. For all the analyses, the significance level was set at P < 0.05. Sample variability is given as the standard deviation (S.D.) of the mean.
+Notes
+Declarations
+Acknowledgements
+This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30972387), and Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (200973).
+Authors’ Affiliations
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+When adopting a new way of working, it’s natural to use what you currently know as a starting point, and to frame questions about the new thing you are learning using the terminology and perspective of the old way of working. So, if you are a UX designer coming from a traditional UX background, which tends to have a strong process focus, it’s no surprise that you may be asking questions like “What is the Agile process? And are we following it?”
+These questions may seem innocent enough. But it’s actually not too different from asking “Where on the bicycle does the steering wheel go?”
+If waterfall is like driving a big clunky car, and Agile is like riding a light-weight bicycle, then applying waterfall thinking to Agile might look a bit like this. (Source: Bicyclog.)
+Now, in the case of the bike, it’s pretty obvious the question doesn’t make any sense. But it can be far less obvious to someone new to Agile that there is no such thing as a specific Agile process. The “process” in an Agile world, is a continually emergent path forged by a self-organizing team, not too different from E.L. Doctorow’s famous description of novel-writing, that it’s “like driving at night in the fog. You can only see as far as your headlights, but you can make the whole trip that way.”
+What matters is if the team is equipped to forge this path and make good progress toward their destination. What matters is if they are able to collaborate and communicate in an effective and healthy fashion.
+As an Agile UX coach, when evaluating a new team or organization, I usually conduct a kind of informal Agile UX health check, in the form of a set of core questions. In some cases, I ask them outright to members of the team, in others it’s just something I’m asking myself. Among the innumerable possible questions one can ask in assessing a team’s health, I have found the questions below to be an effective barometer of how well they work together and their ability to deliver a high quality product.
+How early do developers become actively involved?
+By developers, I am referring to anyone participating in making the actual product. By active involvement, I mean direct participation in product research, design, and implementation. Sitting in a meeting watching a presentation of work someone else did is passive participation and does not count.
+Here is a standard waterfall-meeting from hell, with basically zero active participation.
+A developer who is actively participating in early design work can often do something most designers can not: they can tell you when starting to build the product will be more valuable than continuing to imagine and describe it. They will help you fail faster and keep your ideas closer to the proverbial rubber hitting the road. They are also often able to offer ideas for solutions that a non-developer may not have considered. Just as importantly, early active involvement helps reduce the destructive Us/Them relationship that so easily emerges between designers and developers when they work separately.
+But like many things worth doing, this can be damn hard to pull off. Active involvement by developers early in a project, ideally starting on day one, requires an organizational culture that sees just as much value in developers participating in sketching and exploring the product experience as in having them code that experience.
+It also requires that developers themselves believe in this way of working, which will usually also mean that they’re going to be more attentive to experience quality in general while building on the product. And that is basically priceless when it comes to delivering a well-designed product. Because no matter how good a UX designer may be in defining a great experience, the buck will ultimately stop with the coder. They make the final atomic-level choices about how the product will work. They fiil in blanks where design documents fall short, or, for better or worse, choose to ignore them, in trying get a feature out the door.
+Successful Agile UX adoption, in other words, is not just about transforming how UX designers work, but how the whole team works, particularly developers. If they are actively involved early on, that is a clear indicator of healthy collaboration.
+Do UX’ers also code or design?
+While having developers participate in design work is great, collaboration in an Agile UX model is not a one-way street. It is just as important for UX designers to be crossing the design-engineering chasm in the opposite direction. The degree to which they do this is another key indicator of Agile UX team health.
+The most common and least healthy pattern I see in this area is the UX designer who strictly does UX design and nothing else. This is like only writing recipes but never actually baking any cakes. Being a coder or a visual designer in addition to doing UX means you have a much more multi-dimensional perspective on the product. It also increases your empathy for the effort of other team members, and reduces communication churn.
+And I’m talking about production-grade coding or designing production-grade visual assets. That is not to say that there is no value in having UX designers code and design throw-away prototypes. It’s much better than nothing at all. But getting back to our cake analogy, that is like creating a plastic model of your cake. We can look at it and it may have some benefits over just reading a recipe. But we can’t eat it. We can’t truly experience it.
+The point of doing production-grade coding isn’t just about the coding part, it’s also a social and cultural thing. When you are checking in code, when you get to see automated tests puke out all kinds of errors, when you at some point break the build (and you will break the build at some point), and pair with another developer to figure out the problem, you are collaborating on a completely different level than if you’re building throw-away models.
+How does the team determine if the design is good?
+The method by which a team decides if a design is of sufficient quality can be very revealing of their general health and effectiveness. Traditional teams tend to use approval from a client or a business sponsor to determine if the design is good. Quite honestly, this is an area where many Agile teams fare only somewhat better, with the concept of Done. Done is basically a judgment call made by the team, and ultimately by the Product Owner, as to whether the team should stop or continue work on a feature. It’s great for helping teams make decisions and move forward, but it can also lead to shipping half-baked crap.
+Yes, the feature you shipped may technically support what the customer asked for, but oh boy is it ugly and a pain in the ass to use. Some developers like to talk about how what really matters is that the features do what the customer requested and that everything else is icing on the cake.
+To all those developers, I would like to thank them by serving them the following fully functional meal.
+Ready-to-eat-meal, which technically contains all the ingredients of a pork-chop dinner.
+Technically speaking, it contains all the ingredients of a pork-chop dinner, but oh-my-gawd does it look awful. And eating it ? Gaaaaaaahhhhh. (Yeah, yeah, yeah, I know this is for wartime consumption on the battlefield, but you get my point.) Compare this to a pork-chop dinner you might be served in a good restaurant, one in which presentation and all kinds of intangibles have been tended to. It looks good and is a pleasure to consume.
+A pork chop dinner that looks good and is a pleasure to consume.
+So, getting back to our original question, how do we determine if the design is good. Well, the only real way to know if a design is good is if actual users are f*ing using it.
+This is one of several areas where Lean Startup can come to the rescue. We use metrics and other forms of validation from real or prospective customers to measure whether or not a feature is good, or just as importantly, if it sucks. Too many times UX designers and clients get so wrapped up in their own “succes theater” (my favorite Eric Ries phrase), that they convince themselves of the brilliance of their own ideas, when in fact it may or may not have any basis in reality.
+Does the team have a co-location mindset?
+There’s a lot of talk in Agile circles about how everyone should be working in the same room. Well, guess what, you can put a bunch of people in the same room, but if they aren’t used to working that way, if they’ve been sitting in cubicles their entire working career, you may end up with a bunch of agitated wrecks who want nothing more than for everyone else to get out of their hair.
+What’s more important than being physically co-located is to have what I call a co-location mindset, which effectively is the ability to communicate as if you were face-to-face even when you’re not. A great indicator of a co-location mindset is when the team can maintain a low bullshit-to-content ratio in their virtual communication. For example, rather than needing to formulate long-winded emails intended to really only ask another team member a single question, you can just pop up a chat window and (gasp!) just ask the question.
+In other words, a team scattered across the planet that communicates openly and frankly and without a lot of ceremony is more healthy in my book than a co-located team where everyone is walking on eggshells. Now, don’t get me wrong, achieving fast high quality communication is often much easier when you’re co-located. Just don’t assume it will happen automatically because everyone is in the same room.
+Is the whole organization participating in the Agile adoption?
+A team within a larger organization is not an island. They are part of an inter-connected eco-system, and you can’t try to have just, say, the design department of a company “go Agile.” So a key question is the degree to which other parts of the organization also are adopting Agile methods.
+Many of them are parts of a company you’d likely never associate with Agile and, as such, are hidden barriers if they are not part of the overall Agile adoption. Here are some of the more common Agile bogey men that might be lurking in the dark corners of your company.
+Let’s start with Business Development, basically the progenitors of new project work. During this initial phase, there often is high-level phase-based planning that occurs, with research folks only participating early on, and developers not scheduled to be brought in much later in the project. In other words, you’ve basically been locked into a waterfall project before you’ve even started.
+Another great example is the facilities group. Agile is very much about allowing teams to shape their own physical workspace around their own needs. However, for that to be possible, whoever is in charge of room setup, desks, meeting rooms etc. needs to understand the value of empowering teams in this way. What often is the case is that the individuals in charge of facilities and building logistics are far removed from the Agile adoption, and trying to get them involved can be a major bureaucratic headache.
+Last but not least is the IT Dept. You’d think that they’d be your closest ally when it comes to adopting Agile, and that may often be the case, but don’t assume it. Don’t even assume that they have adopted Agile in the first place. And if they have, don’t assume that the flavor of Agile is one which will welcome UX designers into their midst. In many cases, what they are really practicing is Agile-fall, where they certainly do practice Agile methods when it comes to the coding part, but when it comes to the experience part, they still expect others to tell them and preferably specify in detail what they should build.
+There are several other parts of an org that can be a hidden barrier to an Agile adoption, such as HR or the marketing dept. The fewer of these that are involved, the less healthy your adoption is likely to be.
+How did you fare? Was this a useful health check?
+With this health check, few teams, especially those in a large organization, will get a perfect bill of health, but it is a great goal to strive for and a helpful measuring stick in determining how well your team is doing.
+How would your team fare in answering these questions? What other question do you think should be part of an Agile UX health check? Let me know in the comments, or via the Twitters!
+(Originally a guest post on the Hypenotic blog, as part of the UX in To workshop series.)
+It was an August afternoon almost five decades ago. A young man in his early twenties, who had just finished his undergraduate course at a leading British college, was vacationing at his ancestral tea estate in the picturesque Darjeeling district of West Bengal, often called the ‘queen of hills’. The fun-loving youth, whose legacy included one of the world’s largest and oldest single-owner tea estates along with hunting skills from his father, was riding back home on his prized horse, called ‘Invitation’. The horse suddenly reared up as a wild boar ran across his path and the young man was thrown off it. In the split second before he hit the ground, he perceived a brilliant band of white light, connecting him to the trees in the forests around him.
+The woods appeared to sing out melancholically in an incredible concerto – ‘Save us! Save us!’ That moment altered the course of his life forever. That moment also altered the course of the chronicles of Darjeeling tea. Well, that is Rajah Banerjee (Swaraj K Banerjee), the fourth generation scion of the family that runs the world’s oldest single-owner tea estate and now the world’s most expensive tea.
+Banerjees’ T'Classic (Darjeeling) Pvt Ltd, which earlier owned the famous Makaibari Tea Estate – now owned by more than century-old planters family, Luxmi Tea – had sold a 55 kg lot of Makaibari Silver Tips at an astronomical Rs 18,000 per kg at an international tea auction in Indianapolis, US in 2004. That was a world record. Nearly ten years down the road, Makaibari Tea broke its own record. In 2014, when Makaibari Tea Estate was 155 year old, it made history by selling a special lot of handcrafted tea, Silver Tips Imperial, to three buyers from the UK, the US and Japan for $1,850 (around Rs 1.11 lakh) a kg. It was the most expensive tea ever sold. When Prime Minister Narendra Modi called on Queen Elizabeth at the Buckingham Palace in 2016, he gifted her a packet of Makaibari tea. The brew from Makaibari, which produces around 1 lakh kg of tea annually, was also served to participants and staff of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.
+Royalty and celebrity buyers
+The high price wasn’t just a flash in the pan. Makaibari regularly sells small lots of organic tea at Rs 10,000-Rs 18,000 per kg. The buyers: high-end stores in the West, pop stars, leading industrialists and royalty. Queen Elizabeth of Great Britain, Emperor Akihito of Japan and pop icon Elton John are among the host of celebrities who are driving this trend worldwide. Makaibari tea is a symbol of luxury, which jells perfectly well with the man who owned it till the other day.
+Banerjee has a different explanation for the astronomically high prices that Makaibari tea fetched. “A rare planetary conjunction, which has come at an interval of 108 years in the planetary calendar, helped us grow this mystical tea and fetched this magical price as well. It is a result of biodynamic agriculture, that is not just an innovative method of farming, but its thoughtful practices are a reflection of its philosophical approach to well-being.”
+There are others who think that at Makaibari, the mulch – a protective covering of leaves placed around tea bushes to prevent the evaporation of moisture – created wonderful topsoil, but millions of useful organisms were getting destroyed by a single dose of fertiliser. Once the planter stopped using those, the result was there for anyone to see. Makaibari, incidentally, is the world’s first certified biodynamic estate where 66 per cent of the acreage is undisturbed rainforest where tea grows in harmony with the area’s natural ecological system.
+Meanwhile, the tradition of speciality and premium tea fetching very high prices continues. As recently as in April, the state-owned Andrew Yule and Co. said that it had sold early harvest, or first flush tea from its Mim estate in Darjeeling district at Rs 15,750 per kg, a record price for the garden.
+Andrew Yule’s Mim White Dew tea was sold at a record price to Teabox, India’s foremost e-commerce site for teas. It ranks No. 2 in the World Tea Portal site. An official of Teabox said the limited edition Mim White Dew, an upper elevation tea, was launched on the company’s online platform five days ago, and it is being sold at $49.99 for 50 grams, or Rs 65,222 a kg at current exchange rates. Incidentally, MIM Tea Estate has been given the Certificate of Appreciation this year as an esteemed and valued partner of Teabox in recognition of the quality of production, specially this year’s exceptional Mim White Dew Tea.
+Andrew Yule has been associated with Teabox for the last three years by providing some excellent customised tea during the premium quality tea growing period. In its effort to meet the requirements of European buyers, Teabox wanted exclusive tea from very selective sections of Mim Tea Estate. This was done and a premium price was consequently paid, which was a record price for any tea sold by Andrew Yule & Company this season, said Teabox officials.
+For its part, Teabox sells its products globally and has shipped to more than 110 countries so far. It sources and selects tea from gardens across India and Nepal. The tea is then vacuum-packed and stored at a temperature-and-humidity-controlled facility, from where it is shipped to customers.
+Organic plantations
+“Mim at Darjeeling has over 50 hectares of organic plantation. Quality tea from here attracts premium value, and there are niche markets for it in Japan, West Asia, Europe, the US and Canada. Harrods of London merchandises such tea. Mim also manufactures green teas and speciality teas like White Tea, Oolong, Pearl and Moon-drop Ball. This year it has been a great feather in our cap to have Mim White Dew being sold at such a premium rate,” said Debasis Jana, chairman and managing director, Andrew Yule & Company.
+The distinguishing features of White Dew tea’s liquor is that it is light and velvety smooth, is medium bodied and tipped with delicate floral flavours. Soft floral notes similar to geranium and jasmine greet the palate and stay until the middle, interrupted briefly by undertones of sweet vegetables which emerge at the edges. There is a pleasant and lingering floral aftertaste. The second steep done at 5 minutes is mellower and has a pronounced flavour of green apple in it. It is highly recommended with ice for a truly majestic and enjoyable experience.
+Although only a small consignment of five kg was sold to Teabox, at that price, it is being widely seen as an indication that tea bushes in the Darjeeling and Kalimpong districts have benefited from the forced rest they got last year due to the general strike, and that the current year could be promising for the industry despite rising costs.
+This has to be seen in the light of the overall developments in the tea industry in India. India’s tea production suffered a jolt in the first two months of calendar year 2018, compared to 2017. Fortunately, however, the production figures started heading northward from March, at least in the northern parts of the country. In March, North India produced 46.72 million kg (mkg) against 41.49 mkg in March 2017, marking an increase of 5.23 mkg or 12.61 per cent, while South India produced 14.32 mkg (14.67 mkg), a 2 per cent drop due to prolonged winter conditions.
+These figures will have to be seen in the face of the fact that the Indian tea industry had registered the highest ever production as well as exports in FY 2017-18. The total tea production was 1325.05 mkg, an increase of 74.56 mkg, as compared to 2016-17. In percentage terms the increase is nearly 6 per cent. The total quantity of tea exported during the financial year 2017-18 stood at 256.57 mkg and the export value of Indian tea was $785.92 million. Tea exports from India went up by 12.71 per cent to 28.94 mkg during 2017-18 as compared to the corresponding period last year, while the exports revenue moved up 13.78 per cent to stand at $95.19 million.
+Interestingly, according to official estimates, in FY17, India recorded the highest tea exports in 36 years, at 240.68 million kg, with a year-on-year (YoY) increase of 8.2 per cent. Earlier, in 1981, the country had exported 241.25 mkg of tea. The total value of tea exports from India in 2017 stood at Rs 4,731.66 crore, up 5.9 per cent or Rs 263.55 crore in a year.
+During the financial year 1976-77 the total quantity exported was 242.42 mkg. In fact, in the calendar year 2017, the total quantity of exports stood at 251.91 mkg, a jump of 29.46 mkg, that is 13.24 per cent over 2016, with value realisation at $766.06 million, a rise of $100.90 million or 15.17 per cent. Indian tea was exported mainly to Iran, Iraq, Egypt, China, Russia and Pakistan. Tea exports to Egypt increased by 7.49 mkg, to Iran increased by 6.95 mkg, to Pakistan by 4.96 mkg, to China by 2.91 mkg and to Russia by 2.89 mkg, according to official figures. Mind you that a significant rise in the prices of Sri Lankan and Kenyan tea had made Indian tea more competitive in the global market.
+Coming back to Darjeeling tea, in some parts of the district, the crop is slow at the beginning of the harvesting season because of a shortage of rainfall, according to two estate managers. The bushes started to flush late last month. Prices are expected to remain firm this year for two reasons, the managers said. There is almost no Darjeeling tea in stock from the previous year. And the flush this year is of a better quality.
+The high price that Andrew Yule’s Mim tea fetched did not spring a surprise on tea traders and experts. Vishwa Vijay Singh, co-founder of Salebhai.com, an e-commerce marketplace for regional goods and handicrafts, said, “It is not a sudden price rise. In fact, the price of any Darjeeling white tea varies from Rs 9,000 to Rs 25,000 per kg as the production of white tea is very limited and happens once in a year in the first flush. This year, the production and tea prices are at a fair stage. Apart from Mim White tea, Darjeeling first flush tea and Darjeeling green tea always have high prices and vary from Rs 2,000 to Rs 15,000 per kg.”
+Singh is seconded by Atulit Chokhani, founder and CEO, The Tea Shelf. “We don’t see any sudden soar in prices. Darjeeling’s First Flush (March April Harvest) historically has always fetched fancy prices. Every Darjeeling Tea Estate, in spite of having some part of it planting material common to another, gives a unique tea with distinctive aroma and taste which is classically dependent on prevailing weather conditions in different valleys, altitude and the type of treatment given to the bush during winters. Every factory manager has found ways to treat tea differently which makes every tea distinctive in taste. These teas have demand in Japan, Taiwan, Germany and to some extent the UK and is largely subject to the Palette of the Tasters of these regions who have studied consumer behaviour and justify prices based on quality,” said Chokhani.
+The makeover
+There are clichés around Darjeeling tea. One is that it is the ‘Champagne of Teas’. The story of Darjeeling tea is more than 170 years old. It began when Dr A. Campbell, a British civil surgeon, planted tea seeds in his garden at Beechwood Estate, 7,000 ft above sea level, just for kicks. That simple, and impulsive, act laid the foundation for the world’s most famous tea industry. The makeover that it is now receiving in the form of the push for organic tea is also the result of a similarly unplanned and impulsive act by Rajah Banerjee. The others following his lead are doing so consciously. Because they realise that the path to go organic and produce speciality tea is strewn with gold.
+Over and above the luxury factor attached to organic tea, there is compelling economic logic behind this conversion. Contrary to popular perception, organic tea farming does not result in lower yields. In general, the perception is that organic farming leads to crop loss of up to 50 per cent and a 50 per cent rise in production cost. Banerjee and others know that organic tea yields are 15-20 per cent higher than those of regular teas and production costs come down in the long run. The cheapest organic teas sell for Rs 250 per kg compared to Rs 100 per kg for regular varieties. Thus, it presents planters with a win-win option.
+The growing global demand for and high realisations from organic tea are obviously fuelling this organic revolution. Since its introduction in the late 80s, organic tea consumption has been growing steadily at a double digit rate annually. There is also a growing demand for organic tea within the country, mainly in Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi and Hyderabad. Organic tea is already extremely popular in the UK and Japan, the two largest export markets for this variety of tea.
+It is also gaining acceptance in Australia, Germany, the Netherlands and, wonder of wonders, the US. Its reported therapeutic properties are drawing an increasing number of converts in these countries. The way forward, a senior Tea Board official says, “is to set up a few model organic tea estates and then launch a sustained awareness and brand promotion campaign for organic tea across the country and abroad. Planters will have to realise that this is the future and people at large will have to be made aware that organic tea is the safest for human health and the environment.”
+Consider how a garden can go organic or what it needs to do. An estate wanting organic status has to stop the use of all chemical fertilisers and inputs and receives an “Organic in Transit” certificate from the Tea Board for the first three years. A regular organic certificate is issued only after this. It’s not easy to get this certification. It’s even more difficult to maintain the status because these certificates are reissued every year after inspections. Organic tea is defined as tea grown on estates that use absolutely no artificial or chemical inputs. Tea bushes get their nutrition from vermiculture – the use of specially-bred earthworms to regenerate soil – and large scale application of composts, neem cakes and castor cakes to the soil. The Tea Board monitors the soil in organic estates at regular intervals throughout the year to ensure strict compliance with organic norms. The post-harvest treatment and curing of tea leaves, however, is identical for both organic and non-organic teas.
+For Makaibari, the decision to produce organic tea was a conscious decision, and partly compulsion as well. Banerjee had realised that nature doesn’t require any external help to sustain and evolve the myriad life forms that make up the ecosystem. “How do so many varieties of trees exist cheek-by-jowl in a sub-tropical rain forest and sustain the wide diversity of organisms that exist in them? I, banned all chemical applications. By utilising natural and vegetative waste as fertilisers, as well as herbal preparations as natural insect deterrents, we have created a community which successfully sustains and nourishes itself, eliminating the need for artificial growth stimulants and harmful pesticides,” said Banerjee.
+While going organic or getting into production of speciality and premium tea have paid off in terms of fetching much higher prices, tea industry experts and connoisseurs of good tea pointed out that, generally speaking, first flush teas are always considered more expensive, thanks to its bright liquor and a lively character.
+First flush teas are produced in less quantity and hence demand outstrips supply. However, it should be noted that Darjeeling tea connoisseurs generally have a specific preference for either first or second flush and do not mind paying a premium for a good cup of tea. Tea flush refers to the tea growing seasons — certain time periods — in Darjeeling.
+Tea growing seasons
+Darjeeling has altogether three major flushes: First Flush from mid-March to May; Second Flush from June to mid-August; Third Flush or Autumn Flush from October to November. There are two minor flushes as well. In-Between Flush for two weeks in-between the first and second flushes and Rains/Monsoon Flush between the second and third flushes during the month of September. Having said this, it needs to be added that the time periods are not fixed and it depends on the weather patterns in Darjeeling. Excess rainfall earlier than expected can reduce the timeline of a second flush while increasing the rain flush by a few weeks and vice versa.
+The colour of Darjeeling First Flush Teas is light and clear with bright liquor. The leaves have a floral scent, with a lively character. Darjeeling Second Flush Teas have a dark colour and strong flavour in contrast to First Flush Teas. The tea leaves have a purplish bloom and a fruity taste – mostly muscatel grape flavour caused due to the tea plant reacting to small insects that suck juices from the stems. Darjeeling Third Flush Tea, on its part, has dark colour, often coppery. The texture is full bodied but it has a lighter flavour. Autumn Darjeeling has a delicate as well as a sparkling character. Of the annual Darjeeling tea production of 8.5 mkg, nearly 1.7 mkg, that is 20 per cent to 25 per cent, comprises First Flush Teas.
+Interestingly, Darjeeling second flush is also unique because it clearly brings the unique muscatel flavour Darjeeling is known. No other tea in the world boasts of this unique flavour. The unique muscatel flavour is caused by the combination of unique weather, topography and plant types. Scientists from Tocklai Experimental Station (TES) of the Tea Research Association (TRA) in Upper Assam and Japan’s Kyoto University have identified the genes in plants that only express themselves after being infested by the insects — that leads to the creation of the unique flavour and the tarpins, geraniol and linalool, enrich the aroma.
+Remember that the seasonality of Darjeeling tea, that is the various flushes bring out different flavours from the tea picked from the same plants at different times of the year. Though no season/flushes are the same, while you can get golden coloured liquor during the first flush, the very same leaves would give dark brown liquor during the second flush.
+Last year, industry lost as much as 70 per cent of the production plucking and manufacturing operations in Darjeeling. The industry recorded a loss of Rs 350 crore in 2017, according to DTA Secretary General Kaushik Basu. Interestingly, the weather in the hills has been good so far and an already 10 per cent jump in prices of premium first flush teas have raised hopes for a better year for planters in Darjeeling. Besides, the political situation is stable.
+Planters are already experiencing, on an average, a 10-15 per cent hike in price for the current first flush compared to last year. Mind you, the cost of production on account of paying wages is also expected to go up by 20 per cent. It appears that there is a substantial demand in overseas markets and price realisation. When it comes to speciality tea, that is fetching much higher prices, it is estimated to be a $4 billion industry and this segment is having its time at the moment, growing very rapidly.
+Indian consumers are beginning to develop a palate for rare tea. There is a wide variety of tea for consumers to choose from, with the whites and oolongs being the most expensive ones. Teabox has recently launched Badamtam Spring White Tea, which is so exotic that one batch is all you get every year. This is a white tea that is the least processed. These are the first sprouts of pruned bushes, left to grow undisturbed all winter, at 16 degrees Celsius on the remote slopes of Badamtam. Expect more cuppas that would cheer the planters and the tea lovers too.
+2012 Report on International Religious Freedom - Egypt
+Executive Summary
+The Constitutional Declaration of March 2011 and the new constitution ratified on December 22 provide for some freedom of religion, but certain constitutional provisions, laws, and government policies and practices limit that freedom. The government's respect for religious freedom remained poor during the year. While the 2012 constitution stipulates that "freedom of belief is an inviolable right," some provisions provide less protection than the previous constitution. The 2012 constitution requires that the government protect the right to practice religious rituals and establish places of worship only for adherents of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. It also makes these rights conditional by adding the ambiguous clause, "as regulated by the law." Like previous constitutions, it stipulates that Islam is the official religion of the state and the principles of Sharia (Islamic law) are the primary sources of legislation. Some interpret Article 4 of the new constitution as granting Al Azhar, the country's preeminent center of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, the authority to define and interpret Sharia; others believe the constitution leaves this authority primarily with the courts. The new constitution explicitly prohibits offending or criticizing religious prophets and messengers, whereas in the past demeaning or defaming Islam, Christianity, or Judaism was prohibited only by law. Prosecutors actively pursued criminal cases against those whose statements or actions were alleged to be blasphemous or denigrating of religion.
+While recognized and unrecognized religious minorities mostly worshiped without harassment, the government generally failed to prevent, investigate, or prosecute crimes against members of religious minority groups, especially Coptic Christians, which fostered a climate of impunity. In some cases, government authorities reacted slowly or with insufficient resolve while mobs attacked Christians and their property, or encouraged Christians to leave their homes. Christians, Shiites, Bahais, and other minorities faced personal and collective discrimination, especially in government employment and the ability to build, renovate, and repair places of worship. The government also sometimes arrested, detained, or harassed members of minority Muslim sects. The government routinely failed to condemn incendiary speech, including anti-Semitic and anti-Christian speech.
+There were reports of societal abuses or discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, or practice. Although lethal sectarian attacks decreased markedly during the year, compelled expulsions and collective punishment increased. Local Islamists also carried out isolated acts of intimidation against some Christians in Upper Egypt, likely leading to fewer Christians voting in some villages in the constitutional referendum in December 2012. Some members of the Muslim Brotherhood suggested that Christians were the only people protesting against President Morsy's constitutional decree. Citizens also filed more cases than in previous years against Christians, accusing them of blasphemy or denigrating Islam.
+The president, the secretary of state, the ambassador, and other senior administration officials have made clear that the Egyptian government has the responsibility to protect the rights of all citizens, regardless of religion, and have raised strong U.S. concerns about religious violence and discrimination with senior government officials and directly with the public. Specifically, Secretary Clinton met in July with Christian religious and lay leaders to better understand their concerns and convey U.S. support for religious freedom. She spoke publicly in the country about protecting individual and minority rights. The deputy secretary of state met earlier the same month with acting Coptic Orthodox Pope Bakhoumious. Embassy officers and other Department of State officials raised concerns about the government's failure to prosecute perpetrators of sectarian violence, discriminatory prosecution and sentencing of Christians,
+According to a July 2012 U.S. government estimate, Egypt's population is 83 million. Approximately 90 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim and about 10 percent is Christian. The majority of Christians belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church. Other Christian communities together constitute less than 2 percent of the population and.
+Shia Muslims constitute less than 1 percent of the population. There are also small groups of Quranists and Ahmadi Muslims. The country's Jewish community numbers fewer than 70 persons, mostly senior citizens. There are 1,000 to 1,500 Jehovah's Witnesses and 1,500 to 2,000 Bahais; however, the government does not recognize these groups.
+Christians reside throughout the country, although the percentage of Christians is higher in Upper Egypt (the southern part of the country) and in some sections of Cairo and Alexandria.
+Many foreign religious groups, including Roman Catholics and Protestants, have been present in the country for more than a century. These groups are engaged in education, social, and development work. Some foreigners are members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), a group the government does not recognize but allows to meet in private residences.
+In a March 2011 report, the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics states 108,395 mosques and 2,869 churches exist in the country.
+Section II. Status of Government Respect for Religious Freedom
+Legal/Policy Framework
+The Constitutional Declaration of March 2011 and the new constitution ratified on December 22 provide for some freedom of religion, but certain constitutional provisions, laws, and government policies limit that freedom. The new constitution states that "freedom of belief is an inviolable right," but requires the government to protect the right to practice religious rites and establish places of worship only for adherents of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. It also makes these rights conditional by adding the ambiguous clause, "as regulated by law." By implication, followers of other religious groups, including Bahais and Christian churches the government does not recognize, are precluded from applying their own religious laws and restricted from building places of worship. Critics also claim that some provisions of the new constitution are ambiguous about the interpretation and application of Sharia, and could be used to limit religious freedom. Some laws, policies, and court rulings also limit freedom of religion. Discrimination in government and private hiring remains widespread, even though the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) issued a decree in 2011 to amend provisions of the penal code to explicitly prohibit religious and other forms of discrimination.
+Like the 1971 constitution and 2011 Constitutional Declaration, Article 2 of the new constitution stipulates that Islam is the state religion and the principles of Sharia are the primary source of legislation. Article 219 of the new constitution broadly defines the principles of Sharia to encompass all attestations and precepts found within Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, and Article 4 states that the opinion of Al Azhar University's Senior Scholars Committee "shall be taken on matters pertaining to Islamic Sharia." Liberals and Christians criticize these provisions for being overly vague, leaving room for future interpretation that could be either benign or harmful to religious freedom, depending on the views of those leading the government or Al Azhar.
+The 2012 constitution stipulates that the country's political system is based on the principles of democracy, shura (consultation), and citizenship, and prohibits the formation of political parties that discriminate on the basis of gender, origin, or religion.
+Article 44 of the 2012 constitution prohibits offending or criticizing prophets and messengers, and the penal code sets out the associated criminal penalties, including a minimum of six months and a maximum of five years' imprisonment for citizens who promulgate "extremist thoughts with the aim of inciting strife, demeaning or defaming any of the heavenly religions, or inflicting damage to the national unity."
+The government interprets Sharia as forbidding Muslims from converting to another religion despite there being no statutory prohibitions on conversion. This policy, along with the refusal of local officials to recognize such conversions legally, constitutes a prohibition in practice.
+Neither the constitution nor the civil and penal codes prohibit proselytizing, and the government generally tolerates foreign religious workers on condition that they do not proselytize Muslims. Non-Muslim minorities and foreign religious workers generally refrain from proselytizing to avoid legal penalties, such as for disrupting social cohesion, and extra-legal repercussions from authorities and local Islamists.
+The constitution permits Christians and Jews to refer to their religious laws in matters pertaining to personal status issues, religious practices, and the selection of their spiritual leaders. In family law, the government only recognizes the legal principles of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. When family law disputes involve a marriage between a Christian woman and a Muslim man, courts apply Islamic law. The government recognizes only the marriages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Non-Muslim men must convert to Islam to marry Muslim women, although non-Muslim women need not convert to marry Muslim men. A non-Muslim woman who converts to Islam, however, must divorce if her husband is not Muslim and he is unwilling to convert. Custody of children is then awarded to the mother.
+Both Islamic and Coptic Orthodox religious laws prevent Coptic men and Muslim women from marrying each other and prevent a marriage outside the country between such individuals from being legally recognized.
+The law provides for "khul" divorce, which allows a Muslim woman to obtain a divorce without her husband's consent provided that she is willing to forgo all of her financial rights, including alimony, dowry, and other benefits. for reconverts, a convert's loss of inheritance rights may not be indicated on civil documents.
+The minor children of Muslim converts to Christianity, and in some cases adult children who were minors when their parents converted, may automatically remain classified as Muslims because the government does not recognize conversion from Islam. This is true irrespective of the religion of the other parent.
+The Ministry of Education bans the hijab (Islamic headscarf) in primary schools and only allows it in preparatory and secondary schools upon written request from a girl's parent.
+Various ministries may obtain court orders to ban or confiscate books and works of art. The Council of Ministers Ministry of Islamic Endowments (Awqaf) is required to license all mosques; however, many operate without licenses. The government in theory appoints and pays the salaries of all the imams who lead prayers in licensed mosques and monitors their sermons, but government control over mosques decreased after the 2011 revolution. The government does not compensate Christian clergy.
+The constitution guarantees the freedom to establish places of worship for the "three divine religions," – Islam, Christianity, and Judaism – but subjects that right to unspecified regulation by stating "in accordance with the law." Non-Muslims must obtain a presidential decree to build new churches and synagogues, but can undertake basic repairs and maintenance with written notification to local authorities. The president delegated the authority to permit Christian denominations to expand or rebuild existing churches to the country's 26 governors. Governors must examine all applications and their supporting documentation within 30 days. A Ministry of Interior (MOI) decree issued in the 1930s and still generally followed specifies a set of 10 conditions that the government must consider, including that a church may be no closer than 100 meters (340 feet) from an existing mosque and that churches in Muslim-majority neighborhoods need local approval, before forwarding an application to the president for a decree for construction of a new church.
+To obtain official recognition a religious group must submit a request to the MOI's Religious Affairs Department. The department then determines whether the group would, in its view, pose a threat or upset national unity or social peace. As part of this determination, the department consults leading religious institutions, including the Coptic Orthodox Church and Al Azhar. The registration is then referred to the president for decision. If a religious group fails to obtain official registration, its members potentially face detention and prosecution for harming social cohesion or, under article 98(f) of the Penal Code, for denigrating religions.
+Only Islam, Christianity, or Judaism may be indicated in the religion field of government-issued national identity cards. However, Muslim-born citizens who convert from Islam may not change that field. After a lengthy court battle in 2009, members of the Bahai community are able to obtain identity cards with a "dash" in the religion field, but their marriages are not recognized or listed on the identity cards. Since 2011 Christians who convert to Islam and then back to Christianity may amend their national identification cards to reflect their chosen faith.
+The law does not recognize the Bahai Faith and bans Bahai institutions and community activities. Bahais are able, however, to privately worship and engage in celebrations such as Naw-Ruz, the Bahai New Year. The lack of formal recognition for the Bahai Faith is an obstacle in registering marriages and inheritance. Whereas Muslims and Christians follow Sharia or their respective church laws for personal status issues, including marriage, the state does not recognize Bahai religious law, and there is no recourse to civil law for personal status issues. Married Bahais who choose not to accept identity cards showing their marital status as single report difficulty opening bank accounts and establishing businesses.
+The quasi-governmental National Council for Human Rights (NCHR) is charged with strengthening protections, raising awareness, and ensuring the observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including religious freedom. It is also charged with monitoring enforcement and application of international agreements.
+The government observes the following religious holidays as national holidays: Mawlid al-Nabi (the birth of the Prophet Muhammad), Eid Al-Fitr, Eid Al-Adha, the Islamic New Year, and Coptic Christmas (January 7).
+Government Practices
+There were reports of abuses of religious freedom, including reports of imprisonment and detention. The government failed to protect Christians and their property effectively when they were attacked in Dahshour, Alexandria, and Rafah, and often failed to investigate and prosecute crimes against Christians and other religious minorities, most notably in the cases of violence in October 2011 against Copts in Maspiro that killed 25 and the September kidnapping of a Coptic girl, Sarah Ishaq. In many cases the government continued to sponsor or permit informal "reconciliation sessions," which generally precluded criminal prosecution for crimes against Copts and contributed to a climate of impunity. The government continued to harass Shiites and prohibit conversion from Islam. Some other minority religious groups reported a decline in government harassment. Discrimination against Christians and other religious minorities, including in government hiring, persisted. The government also failed to redress laws that prevented Copts and other minorities from building and repairing places of worship.
+The government enforced laws against "insulting" or "denigrating" religion in a number of cases. For instance, authorities arrested Coptic activist Alber Saber Ayad in Cairo on September 13, a day after neighbors accused him of heresy, atheism, and defaming Islam for posting an anti-Islamic amateur video on his Facebook account, and for previous online blog entries that were critical of religion. Saber claimed that his account had been hacked. According to an Amnesty International statement in El Marg Prison, which quoted Saber's lawyer, Saber lacked "clean drinking water and lighting ... [and was] located near a collapsed sewer." Saber also informed his lawyers that a "police officer incited other detainees to attack him." On December 12, the Marg Misdemeanor Court sentenced Saber to three years in prison and a fine of EGP 1,000 ($170), after finding him guilty of defaming Islam. After posting bail, Saber was released on December 17 and at the end of the year remained free pending appeal.
+Courts sometimes sentenced Christians to prison terms that exceeded those given to Muslims accused of the same crime. On April 19, a dispute over a speed bump outside the residence of Alaa Reda Roshdy, a local Christian politician, led to confrontations between Muslims and Christians in Abu Qurqas resulting in two deaths and at least four injuries. After the funerals of the two Muslim villagers, clashes escalated and mobs attacked Coptic residences and properties. The Egyptian armed forces intervened and imposed a curfew. Security forces arrested eight Muslims and 12 Christians, including Alaa Reda Roushdy, who was reportedly in Cairo when the clashes began. In May the Higher State Security Court sentenced the 12 Copts to life in prison after finding two of them guilty of premeditated murder and the others guilty of rioting, destruction of property, and/or possessing weapons, crimes that carry maximum penalties of a few years in prison. The court acquitted all eight Muslim suspects. Rights activists and families of the accused reported that the prosecution did not present evidence, such as weapons, but only the vaguely written testimony of police officers. Only the president had the power to annul the sentence, call for a retrial, or authenticate the ruling. On December 26, the 12 Christians were released after 20 months in prison. Reportedly the 12 men are to be retried. The Minya Criminal Court set January 20, 2013 as the date for the first new trial.
+On November 28, the Cairo Criminal Court sentenced in absentia seven Christians to death for their alleged connection to the production of an inflammatory and anti-Islamic amateur video. According to local media, the prosecution claimed the suspects used religion to spread extremist ideas, with the aim of inciting sectarianism and defaming one of the heavenly religions, and damaging national unity and societal peace. The case moved to the Grand Mufti for his non-binding opinion.
+The government did not investigate and prosecute any military or police commanders responsible for ordering or failing to prevent violence against the mostly Coptic demonstrators at the Maspiro radio and television building in Cairo in October 2011 in which 25 persons were killed and over 300 were injured. In September a military court sentenced two low-ranking soldiers to two years in prison and handed down a three-year sentence to a third soldier for their involvement in the incident. The three soldiers, who drove vehicles that ran over demonstrators, were found guilty of wrongfully killing 14 civilians. A state media television announcer publicly called on Egyptians to "protect" the army from Christians. Two Copts accused of stealing weapons during the Maspiro incident were awaiting trial at year's end.
+Media and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) reported that in October 2010 the Supreme State Security Prosecutor detained 12 Shia on accusations of violating article 98(f) of the penal code by showing "contempt of religion," forming an underground organization to overthrow the ruling regime, receiving foreign funds, and other crimes. The 12 were among a group of approximately 100 Shia who were detained and released in 2010. According to a member of the Shia community, the 12 were never tried and were released in late October.
+The government often sponsored or permitted "reconciliation sessions" following communal violence and sectarian attacks instead of prosecuting perpetrators of crimes. In August the NCHR, claiming that impunity is a major reason for sectarian clashes and violates the law, called on state authorities to cease the use of "reconciliation sessions." The lack of prosecutions contributed to a climate of impunity that encouraged further assaults. On January 27, security and police forces stood by as a mob of Muslim villagers in Alexandria's impoverished Kobry El Sharbat village attacked, looted, and burned residences and stores belonging to Coptic villagers, following accusations that a Coptic man carried illicit photos of a Muslim woman on his mobile phone. The accused Copt surrendered to the police, who removed him and his family from the village. Instead of prosecuting members of the mob, the government convened an informal "reconciliation session" between Copts and Muslims. The participants in the session decided to evict eight Coptic families from the area.
+Some Coptic Orthodox Church and Protestant officials indicated they were better able to build and repair churches in the aftermath of the revolution than in previous years, although they did so without official permission. The government failed to pass a law eliminating the discriminatory permit process by which Christians build and repair places of worship, despite the NCHR urgently calling on it to do so. The government promised to consider such a law after both the Imbaba riots in May 2011 and the Maspiro violence in October 2011. The Coptic Orthodox Church and Al Azhar, along with some Protestant churches, reportedly agreed to draft legislation in late October 2011, but the government took no further action. Moreover, neither the SCAF nor President Morsy issued decrees authorizing construction of churches during the year, according to the Official Gazette.
+Some church and human rights leaders also voiced concern that local officials abused their authority to issue repair permits or forward building petitions. They claimed local officials delayed the permits or required formal permits for matters that should have required a simple notification only, such as routine repairs and maintenance. In March a court in Edfu sentenced Father Macarius Boules, pastor of the Marinab Coptic Orthodox Church in Aswan Governorate, to six months in prison and an EGP 300 ($45) fine for violating a repair permit. Authorities accused the priest of building a steeple taller than one permitted by the license. Boules won on appeal and never served jail time.
+There have been no violent anti-Semitic incidents in recent years; however, anti-Semitic sentiments routinely appeared in both government-owned and private media, and the government made few public attempts to distinguish between anti-Semitism and opposition to Israeli policies and practices. Media sometimes published cartoons demonizing Jews and accusing them of seeking to subvert Egypt and Islam and take over the world. Private Salafi media sometimes included anti-Semitic programming that glorified or denied the Holocaust, including in interviews with academics and clerics. Privately owned Al-Tahrir TV re-aired the 2002 anti-Semitic TV series "Horseman Without a Horse" in March, which includes a story line around the Tsarist forgery, "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion." There were reports of imams using anti-Semitic rhetoric in their sermons, including allegations of blood libel..
+For the second consecutive year, authorities cancelled the Abu Hassira celebrations that were slated for January, preventing the annual pilgrimage by non-Egyptian Jews to the shrine of 19th-century scholar Rabbi Yaakov Abu Hassira.
+Government and official Islamic institutions also used anti-Shiite rhetoric. In July Al Azhar, Egypt's leading Sunni religious authority, issued a statement condemning the building of Shiite places of worship and describing such efforts as attempts to create fractures in the society that threatened the social and spiritual unity of the Egyptian people. According to Al Shorouk newspaper, Grand Mufti Ali Gomaa, speaking at an Al Azhar lecture in October, called for dialogue between Sunnis and Shiites, but warned against the spread of Shiism in Egypt. He claimed that spreading Shia beliefs could lead to strife, instability, and the shaking of societal peace.
+Christians were discriminated against in government hiring and under-represented in senior government leadership positions, both elected and appointed. In the parliament seated in February and dissolved in June, there were 11 Christians (five appointed, six elected) in the 518-seat People's Assembly and three Christians (all elected) in the Shura Council. Christians constitute approximately 10 percent of the population but held fewer than 2 percent of the seats in parliament, and political parties nominated relatively few Christians to run in elections as candidates.
+There were no Christian members of the SCAF. Two Christian cabinet members, among a total of 35 ministers, served during the first half of the year. President Morsy appointed one Christian to his cabinet in July. The sole Christian among President Morsy's four senior aides resigned on November 23 in protest over the president's Constitutional Declaration. There were no Christians among the 27 governors. There were few Christians in the upper ranks of the security services and armed forces.
+The government discriminated against religious minorities in public sector hiring and staff appointments to public universities. There were no Christians serving as presidents or deans of the country's 17 public universities. Of nearly 700 president, dean, or vice dean positions in the country's public university system, Christians rarely fill more than one or two. Only Muslims may study at Al Azhar University, a publicly funded institution with approximately half a million students. Additionally, the government bars non-Muslims from employment in public university training programs for Arabic language teachers because the curriculum involves study of the Quran.
+Egypt's new constitution does not prohibit parties based on religion, but rather only those that discriminate based on religion, gender, or origin. Laws remain in effect prohibiting religion-based political parties or political activities. However, political parties of the Muslim Brotherhood and various Salafi groups registered in 2011 were allowed to operate and participate fully in elections during the year. On the other hand, in March, prior to the passage of the new constitution, the State Council's Political Parties Committee reaffirmed the denial of registration to the Shia-oriented Tahrir Party on the grounds that the party was based on religious principles.
+Government Inaction
+The government often failed to prevent societal violence and assaults against Christians and their property. On July 26, a Coptic-owned laundry in Dahshour accidentally scorched a Muslim man's shirt, leading to violent clashes in which one Muslim bystander was killed, nine police were injured, and one vehicle destroyed. Villagers told the NCHR that the police were unable to stop the violence, and encouraged Copts to leave town to avoid further violence against them. The NCHR noted that while the police protected the church and lives, they "didn't perform at the required level." The government arrested nine suspects, including two Copts, for taking part in the violence but none were tried. Most of the 110 Coptic families who evacuated returned when additional governmental security was in place. However, many homes were uninhabitable and the government's offer of EGP 10,000 (USD 1,500) per family was inadequate for the repairs.
+In the North Sinai city of Rafah, the government failed to prevent attacks on Copts and did not identify or prosecute the perpetrators. On September 15, three Coptic store owners received pamphlets warning Rafah's small Christian community to leave within 48 hours. Copts reported the threats to local authorities, but claimed they were ignored. On September 25, masked men fired shots at the store of a Coptic merchant. Copts then wanted to move to the relatively more secure city of Al Arish, which the governor supported, but their government jobs could not be relocated.
+The government failed to condemn or counter incendiary speech. During the political crisis that followed President Morsy's November 22 Constitutional Declaration, members of the Muslim Brotherhood and Freedom and Justice Party (FJP) negatively referred to Copts in public. Deputy Supreme Guide Khairat Al Shater, in an effort to delegitimize anti-Morsy protests, stated at a press conference that 80 percent of the demonstrators in front of the presidential palace were Copts while FJP Secretary General Mohamed El Beltagui stated that "50-60 percent of the demonstrators in front of the palace are Copts." Speaking at a Muslim Brotherhood rally, Safwat Hegazy, a Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Islamist preacher, warned Copts and other Christian figures against "ever allying with remnants of the former regime against legitimacy." He accused Christian politician George Ishaq of participating in secret meetings with the opposition. On November 4, the Al-Hafiz satellite television station broadcast Salafist Sheikh Abdallah Badr overtly threatening harm to Copts should their protests negatively affect the status of President Morsy. The government did not condemn the threat.
+The government failed to return to her family a child who had been kidnapped and forced to convert, or to bring to justice the known perpetrators of the crime. On September 30, Sarah Ishaq Abdelmalek, a 14-year-old Coptic girl, was kidnapped in Al Dab'a. Her family filed a "missing persons" report at Al Dab'a police station. Days later, Sarah's family learned she had converted to Islam and gotten married, despite laws criminalizing child marriage and prohibiting the conversion of minors. The National Council for Women condemned the kidnapping and called on the government to take action. The Salafi Front and its associated National Center for Defending Freedoms issued a statement claiming that Sarah married willingly and was "mature enough" to bear the responsibilities. The family's lawyer claimed the interior ministry knew of Sarah's whereabouts. Sarah remained missing at year's end, and there was no indication that Egyptian authorities took any steps to investigate this case.
+Some activists and religious leaders allege that there were additional instances of kidnapping for forced conversion. However, other human rights groups and religious leaders believe that kidnapping for forced conversion is rare. Families sometimes claimed kidnapping when women or girls ran away for reasons ranging from abuse to voluntary conversion or elopement.
+During the year, the government did not effectively investigate and prosecute cases of sectarian violence that occurred in 2011, including the New Year's bombing of the Two Saints Church in Alexandria, the Muqattum/Mansheit Nasr riots and the destruction of a Coptic Orthodox church in Atfeh/Sol village in March, and the May Imbaba riots. The government began to prosecute perpetrators of the Imbaba riots, but dropped the cases and released the suspects. The government brought no perpetrators to justice in any of these cases.
+There were no indications in the media that the government enforced the 2011 amendments to the penal code that make discrimination a crime. The penal code defines discrimination as "any action, or lack of action, that leads to discrimination between people or against a sect due to gender, origin, language, religion, or belief." The new amendments established higher penalties for government officials than for other offenders.
+Positive Developments in Respect for Religious Freedom
+The government sometimes sent extra security forces to protect churches and prevent the escalation of conflict. For instance, President Morsy traveled to Rafah in the Sinai Peninsula after Christians were threatened there; he ordered increased security and spoke about Muslims and Christians standing together against extremism. On October 5, President Morsy visited the city of Al Arish after threats against Copts in that area; he issued orders to increase security. He spoke about Muslims and Christians standing together against violent extremism and told the Copts, "your security is our security."
+After initially failing to protect Christians and their property when they were attacked in Dahshour, the government protected the Coptic Orthodox Church and provided extra security and some compensation to displaced Christian families. This allowed the large majority of the displaced Christians to return. Then-Minister of Interior Ahmed Gamal Eddin, along with the Giza governor, visited Dahshour where they met with Christian families.
+On May 14, the Minya Criminal Court sentenced police cadet Amer Ashour to death for murdering one Copt and injuring five more on board a train en route to Cairo in January 2011. According to eyewitnesses, Ashour boarded the train and opened fire.
+In October the Ministry of Education deducted one month's salary and transferred Eman Al Kelany, a school teacher, after she cut the hair of two young students for not wearing a veil. The National Council for Women filed a lawsuit against the teacher, and on November 6, the Misdemeanor Court of Luxor issued a 6- month suspended sentence.
+President Morsy met twice during his first months in office with senior representatives of Egypt's Christian churches, something neither President Mubarak nor the SCAF had done in decades.
+Section III. Status of Societal Respect for Religious Freedom
+There were reports of societal abuse or discrimination based on religious affiliation, belief, or practice. However, lethal sectarian attacks decreased during the year. Communal tensions remained high, although Christians and Muslims share a common culture and in most cases continued to live peacefully as neighbors throughout the country.
+In October Muslim Brotherhood Supreme Guide Mohamed Badei made several anti-Semitic statements. In a sermon that was also published online, he called for Muslims to unite and be willing to shed their own blood against "Jews (who) have increased the corruption in the world." He added that "Zionists only know the way of force."
+Fayza Abul Naga, former Minister of International Cooperation, referred to a U.S. NGO as "a tool of the Jewish lobby."
+Citizens filed more cases against Christian and secular-oriented Muslim public figures, accusing them of blasphemy or denigrating Islam. The state prosecutor sent cases to trial and courts convicted and sentenced the accused. During the Mubarak era, the state prosecutor rarely forwarded such cases to trial.
+On October 28, Muslim villagers in Marco village, Beni Suef Governorate, injured at least 10 Copts after surrounding an "unlicensed" church, throwing stones, and blocking the exit. In an informal "reconciliation session" between church officials and the heads of village families at the start of Ramadan in July, the church's leaders had agreed to suspend sermons at the church until a permit was obtained, to avoid escalating tensions. The resumption of services without a permit reportedly sparked the October conflict.
+On November 5, a group of Salafis attempted to seize an empty plot of land belonging to the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Shubra Al Kheima. They placed a sign on the land reading "Al Rahma Mosque" and conducted prayers. Bishop Morcos of the Shubra Al Kheima Diocese identified the trespassers and filed lawsuits.
+In May Al Watan newspaper published the location of a house near the Nile Delta city of Tanta that Shias used for worship. The resulting pressure from the media and local Sunni Muslims compelled the Shia house owners to close the place of worship.
+There were reports of isolated but increasing land thefts from Christians, especially in Upper Egypt. In some cases informal "reconciliation sessions" were used to justify stealing, or forcing the sale at low prices, of small parcels of Christian-owned land. Some Christians also reportedly decided to move from Muslim-majority villages to towns where they believed they would be more secure.
+There were reports of isolated cases of Christians being disenfranchised during elections. These occurred mostly in poorer and rural areas, where local extremists attempted to intimidate inhabitants of Copt-majority villages to stay away from the polls.
+Section IV. U.S. Government Policy
+Officials at all levels of the U.S. government, including the president, the secretary of state, the deputy secretary, the ambassador, the assistant secretary for Near Eastern affairs, the assistant secretary for democracy, human rights, and labor, the ambassador at large for international religious freedom, and other Department of State and U.S. embassy officials raised religious freedom issues with the government. These included cases in which the government did not protect religious minorities and their property or arrest and prosecute perpetrators of violence, as well as cases in which Christians received disproportionately severe sentences. Officials also raised the ongoing discrimination that Christians face in building and maintaining church properties; official discrimination against Bahais; arrests and harassment of Muslim citizens whose religious views differ from the majority; anti-Semitism; and the government's treatment of Muslim citizens who wish to convert.
+In July the secretary of state met with government officials and religious and lay Christian leaders in Cairo. Secretary Clinton listened to their concerns about the political transition and assured them that the United States is committed to supporting universal human rights, including religious freedom. In Alexandria, the secretary publicly said that . Democracy is not just about reflecting the will of the majority; it is also about protecting the rights of the minority."
+The deputy secretary of state visited the country separately in July and met with then Acting Coptic Orthodox Pope Bakhoumious, who shared concerns about protecting minority rights. The deputy secretary also stressed to government officials the importance of religious freedom, including with government officials.
+The ambassador made public statements supporting religious freedom, interfaith understanding, and efforts toward harmony and equality among citizens of all religious groups. During a November trip to Minya Governorate, which has proportionately the largest Christian population in the country, the ambassador met with a local Coptic Orthodox Bishop, visited a religious site, and met with a group of approximately 40 Muslim and Christian leaders to discuss ways to improve interfaith dialogue. In August, the ambassador visited Mama Maggie, the leader of an NGO providing services to Cairo's Christian trash collectors and recyclers. The ambassador also met with poor children and families at a school in the mostly Christian Muqattam neighborhood.
+The embassy maintained formal contacts with the Office of Human Rights at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The embassy also regularly discussed religious freedom matters with other government officials, including governors and members of parliament.
+U.S. embassy officials maintained an active dialogue with leaders of the Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Bahai.
+In August and December the embassy hosted visits by prestigious U.S. imams to promote interfaith and cross-cultural toleration and understanding. They met with religious leaders, civil society representatives, and youth. The ambassador hosted events bringing together Christians and Muslims, liberals and Islamists, and a range of other guests to engage the visitors on how to improve interfaith dialogue and protect their rights.
+U.S. programs and activities supported initiatives in several areas related to religious freedom, including promoting political participation by marginalized youth to foster peaceful coexistence, religious tolerance, and human rights. One program promoted interfaith understanding and sense of community in areas that recently suffered from religious strife. U.S. programs also supported NGOs that monitored the country's media for sectarian bias.
+The embassy supported the development of Arabic-language and English-language educational materials that encourage tolerance, diversity, and understanding of others..
+This is page 1 of 1 (This thread has 19 messages.)
+to not bother with extended family again at Christmas(19 Posts)
+Compared to some of the other posts on here this is a real non problem I'm sure!
+For background: My parents are disabled and I have spent this year spiralling into chronic illness. DH has a hoarding problem which lead to me kicking him out for a while until he realised his problems and got some help (he did, and things are majorly improved), but this means relationships with ILs have been strained.
+For the first time in 3 years, Christmas wasn't cancelled due to hospitalisation at the last minute and we went to my parents. We knew this meant the DC would be largely trapped inside for 2 days, but my parents are very accepting of kids being kids and for all their boisterousness the extended time meant my DF got to spend a lot of one on one time with them - which he's been desperate for since their birth. Sounds great, except DH came down with a cold and was a complete non social arse and very angry and shouty at the DC.
+We left yesterday and MIL had invited us round for dinner at theirs which DH accepted even though we're seeing his larger family today. So we're now into 3 days with the kids trapped in a car/house. Dinner was late. Fine DH said, as long as you don't mind the kids being up late. Fine they said. But it wasn't. Clearly we weren't welcome at all, let alone late. BIL and FIL spent all evening flinging them about and having fun but it made them all the more boisterous. MIL was awful about me and the kids after dinner. She's very good to us normally but has always preferred SIL to me anyway. SIL clearly didn't want us around either. Both them and BIL were bitching about us before we even left the house.
+I can't get DH to realise that sometimes we're invited out of politeness, that maybe he needs to think about the DCs and their behaviour and that late meals are not appropriate. He just wants to spend time with his family and doesn't think it through. TBH I just want to tell my MIL not to bloody bother inviting us when she doesn't want us there because she knows DH will accept.
+This should have been a nice Christmas without the stress of a near death for a family member. But in fact its been anything but. And I'm exhausted. I can't stop crying. I don't have the energy to go to the wider family today and paint a smile on, I can't deal with a 4th late night/trapped inside day with the DC.
+Can we just not do Christmas next year? Can someone tell me to put my big girl pants on?
+You poor thing, nightmare Christmas. Of course it doesn't have to be like this - your own kids are the priority at Christmas, next year plan a lovely Christmas at your own home with your children.
+Can you pretend illness and not go? Oh look you have DHs cold?
+Alternatively if you have to be there the whole day can you not just say right we are taking the kids out for an hour to the nearest park/playground? It's been four days now and little ones just aren't made for this. They have to have fresh air and a good run about?
+Why are the kids trapped in the house for 3 days? Put their coats on and take them out for a walk. Is there a park near to your MIL's?. If so, take them there and let them run around for a couple of hours.
+Sorry , cross posted with the previous poster.
+Couldn't you even escape for an hours walk with the DC's, I don't see why you have to spend the whole day inside and can't say they need a bit of fresh air. Even when visiting family.
+Could you also not do it once day after the other like this. We had Christmas day on our own. Boxing day with in-laws and are going to extend families on Tuesday which breaks it up nicely for the kids.
+Fake illness
+Don't people walk the children? Take them to the park or for a scoot somewhere?
+Thank you all
+DH has said enough is enough and we're now not going to the wider family event. Its a shame as we don't see them often and if I'd had a say in it, I would have preferred to not go to ILs yesterday and attend the wider thing today. Which is clearly what MIL and SIL wanted to so god knows why they bothered extending the invite. DH still isn't feeling great either and I think he'd rather I wasn't grumpy around his family like he was with mine
+The trapped inside thing was because of travel to my parents, then family dropping in left right and centre (because my parents can't easily get out to them) so both days at my parents were pretty people packed but home oriented, plus the weather was horrendous so the garden wasn't an option like usual. Travel back yesterday was a nightmare, so the run to the park we had planned went out the window. Today would have be another day of long travel and then an inside lots of family affair.
+It is all too much for the DCs, let alone me!
+In regards to yesterday, you know your children's limits. You need to put your foot down. You need to learn to say no. Tell DH he can go but stand firm about what you and the kids really need to have a balanced happy Christmas. It's would have been perfectly acceptable for you to have rung your MIL back after DH had accepted the invite and changed arrangements.
+Just walk them outside anyway! My dc would be awful without fresh air daily, you probably would have done everyone a favour if you'd just shoved their coats on and taken them out. Doesn't need to be a park or a playground, just get them out, walking.
+People in the house would have had a break from the 'excitement' and you and the Dc would benefit from the lovely fresh air.
+No one melts in the rain, it's okay to go out when it's wet too.
+No way would I not take them out for days on end, it's horrible being couped up.
+Put your big girl pants on, you didn't enjoy it this year, dp can take the Dc to do his family stuff next year if you really can't cope.
+No point sitting in tears and then not changing anything. You're a grown up now, take some responsibility
+Wellies and waterproofs - get out even if it's very poor weather. Hot chocolate after and get warm by the fire. Try to put your kids needs above seeing relatives. They can always wait around till your family get back.
+Good you can rest today. Early night, long baths, long walk/park, books, films, easy meals.
+Cake thanks for the slap!
+This year was a monumental mistake. I wasn't expecting DH to behave like he has, its not him. So I hit firefighting mode - as in, if the kids are happy with someone and they're happy with them then not inflicting any tantrums by trying to get them away, even for their own benefit.
+Lesson 1. Tell DH loudly to stop being a twat, and if he doesn't make him take the kids out
+.
+Lesson 2. I'm not going to win these situations with MIL. If I say no, I'm being an arse. If I tell DH fine, but we leave at decent time, I'm an arse. If I let DH make the decisions, I'm an arse. If I go with, I'm an arse. If I don't go, I'm an arse. May as well just be an arse and do what makes me happy.
+Lesson 3: DH is being told in no uncertain terms that there will never be a 4 day christmas until the kids are teenagers and they won't talk to anyone or do anything but play on whatever devices are cool then.
+Anything else I need to learn. This is making me feel a lot better!
+Update here.
+Thought I'd had the last laugh when we found out late on Sunday that BIL and SIL had decided to cut their visit short, much to the upset of MIL. Karma's a bitch I thought.
+Well Karma bit me in the arse for thinking that it would seem. MIL had declared she wasn't seeing the DC this week as she wanted a break and to spend time with BIL and DIL. Not an issue for us. But now MILs better offer has dumped her she suddenly wants to be around us and is engineering visits round.
+Today she complained how awful the wider family gathering was - apparently she didn't like the fact they all wanted to see our boisterous DCs nor the fact that they seemed to accept the fact they're kids and if you give them presents and throw them around they'll get boisterous! God forbid my kids own family may talk about them in a positive way. Then apparently BIL had been ill and had gone off for a rest during the gathering - this was all the fault of my DC's behaviour. Yep, the BIL who had been throwing them about and egging them on the day before found their behaviour so awful he needed to lie down the next day.
+Now we're getting complaints that the DC, who were told by her they weren't seeing her this week, haven't requested to go to hers like normal.
+Definitely Christmas next year the only time we are interacting with ILs is at the wider family gathering where we can have some safety in numbers. We can largely avoid BIL and SIL until then.
+OTOH DM called and told me not to be so harsh about DH being an arse, she's had worse from DF down the years and the kids gave them both exactly the christmas they've been wanting for years.
+Oh God, just tell her the DC have a D&V bug and then snuggle up on the sofa and give yourself a break
+Your mil slags off your dc and expects an invitation round seeing as she's been dumped by golden balls bil?
+Tell her you are busy spending time with family who like your dc and that after the performance the other day it'll be quite some time until your daft enough to accept an invitation.
+And I LOVED your DM message!
+Couple of things:
+We went away to remote cottage this year and HAVENT VISITED ANYONE been the best Christmas ever.
+DC (x4 6-10yrs) have been outside every day with waterproofs and boots so are not too fractious and for the first time DH and I have actually relaxed.
+The series of extended claustrophobic family gatherings that represent Christmas are always stressful no matter how much we try to improve them
+I propose we all arrange a mass house/flat swap for next year so we can be in different bits of the country and therefore unable to see extended family
+NB I realise this doesn't resolve OP's current issue but might help prevent it in the future.
+In fairness to MIL she normally gushes about the DC and is very good to them. But since DH and I's near split the veil got totally lifted for me with regards to how poorly they view him compared with BIL.
+I'd love to blame SIL too because she doesn't even bother hiding her contempt for us anymore but then she isn't asking or prompting MIL to act like this. She's fairly well to do but a complete snob and I think her presence feeds MIL's delusions of grandeur. What MIL misses is SIL completely looks down on her too. However now she has her scapegoats for it and that has to stop.
+idiunt I love that idea, as long as I don't accidentally get a house near the ILs!!!!
+hissy DM is of good stoic stock and thankfully enjoyed the kids so much she ignored the two men being idiots in the house
+>.
+ America/Los_Angeles America/Los_Angeles America/Los_Angeles 20171105T020000 -0700 -0800 PST 20180311T020000 -0800 -0700 PDT ai1ec-297@lajewishguide.com/wp_site 20180317T16315180317T163151Z 20150416 20150417 0 Yom Hashoa ai1ec-575@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20150422 20150423 0 Yom Hazikaron ai1ec-574@lajewishguide.com 20180317T16315180317T163151Z 20150507 20150508 0 Lag B’omer ai1ec-747@lajewishguide.com 20180317T16315180317T16315180317T163151Z 20150914 20150915 0 First Day Rosh Hashana ai1ec-1444@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20150915 20150916 0 Second Day Rosh Hashana ai1ec-1445@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20150923 20150924 0 Yom Kippur ai1ec-1446@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20150928 20150929 0 First Day Sukkot ai1ec-1447@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20150929 20150930 0 Second Day Sukkot ai1ec-1448@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20151005 20151006 0 Shemini Atzeret ai1ec-1449@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20151006 20151007 0 Simchat Torah ai1ec-1450@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20151012 20151013 0 Columbus Day ai1ec-1477@lajewishguide.com 20180317T16315180317T163151Z 20151207 20151215 FREQ=DAILY;UNTIL=20150914T235959Z 0 Chanukah ai1ec-1504@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160323 20160324 0 Fast of Esther free ai1ec-1505@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160324 20160325 0 Purim free ai1ec-1506@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160325 20160326 0 Shushan Purim free ai1ec-1508@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160423 20160501 0 Passover free ai1ec-1510@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160505 20160506 0 Yom Hashoa free ai1ec-1509@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160512 20160513 0 Israel Independence Day free ai1ec-1511@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160526 20160527 0 Lag Baomer free ai1ec-1512@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160612 20160614 0 Shavuot free ai1ec-1513@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20160814 20160815 0 Tisha B’Av free ai1ec-1514@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161003 20161005 0 Rosh Hashana free ai1ec-1515@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161012 20161013 0 Yom Kipur free ai1ec-1516@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161017 20161018 FREQ=DAILY;UNTIL=20161022T235959Z 0 Sukkot free ai1ec-1517@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161023 20161024 0 Hoshana Raba free ai1ec-1518@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161024 20161025 0 Shemini Atzeret free ai1ec-1519@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20161025 20161026 0 Simchat Torah free ai1ec-1813@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170312 20170313 0 Purim 5777 free ai1ec-1816@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170411 20170419 0 Passover 5777 free ai1ec-1876@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170514 20170515 0 Lag B’omer free ai1ec-1857@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170531 20170601 FREQ=DAILY;UNTIL=20170601T235959Z 0 Shavuot free ai1ec-1878@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170711 20170712 0 Fast of the 17th of Tammuz free ai1ec-1877@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170801 20170802 0 Fast of Tisha B’Av free ai1ec-1860@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170921 20170922 FREQ=DAILY;UNTIL=20170922T235959Z 0 Rosh Hashana free ai1ec-1861@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170924 20170925 0 Fast of Gedalia free ai1ec-1862@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20170930 20171001 0 Yom Kippur free ai1ec-1863@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20171005 20171006 FREQ=DAILY;UNTIL=20171010T235959Z 0 Sukkot free ai1ec-1864@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20171011 20171012 0 Hoshana Raba free ai1ec-1865@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20171012 20171013 0 Shemini Atzeret free ai1ec-1866@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 20171013 20171014 0 Simchat Torah free ai1ec-392@lajewishguide.com/wp_site 20180317T163151Z 20150317T190000 2015031980317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T163151Z The Courageous Heart of Irena Sender Thursday, April 16 | 7:30 PM A Heartfelt War Drama from the Warsaw Ghetto Irena Sendler, who died 2008 at 98, was a Polish social worker who helped save an estimated 2,500 Jewish children from the Nazis by smuggling them out of the Warsaw Ghetto and giving them false identities. Her dramatic story, including how she was captured and nearly tortured to death and how she managed to preserve the childrens80317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T163151Z Visit Emek.org for more information. 20150518T090000 20150518T180000 Braemar Country Club 0 Emek Hebrew Academy 10th Annual Golf Tournament ai1ec-853@lajewishguide.com 20180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T163151Z linda@susansenkpr.com.80317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T16315180317T163151Z Kosher ai1ec-1808@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 917-915-5407; Odele.Darmon@hotmail.com Discount sale of gorgeous Ralph Wigs from Europe. 20170302T150000 20170302T210000 +34.054998;-118.388397 9022 W Pico @ 9022 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 Los Angeles Ralph Wigs Pop Up Sale free ai1ec-1802@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z 818-371-4468. Free admission. Rides, games, and food need tickets. Tickets are $1 each. Rides, games, food cost 2-5 tickets 20170312T100000 20170312T160000 +34.169389;-118.527925 Temple Judea @ 5429 Lindley Ave, Tarzana, CA 91356, USA 0 Purim Carnival at Temple Judea Tarzana free ai1ec-1812@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Learn about Kosher for Pesach Products, laws and have the opportunity to ask questions. 20170314T190000 20170314T203000 +34.164501;-118.367925 Ralphs Supermarket at Magnolia & Coldwater @ 10900 W Magnolia Blvd, North Hollywood, CA 91601, USA 0 Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture free ai1ec-1814@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Learn about Kosher for Pesach Products, laws and have the opportunity to ask questions. 20170316T190000 20170316T203000 +32.769561;-117.054297 Ralphs San Diego on Montezuma @ 6670 Montezuma Rd, San Diego, CA 92115, United States 0 Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture free ai1ec-1815@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Learn about Kosher for Pesach Products, laws and have the opportunity to ask questions. 20170321T190000 20170321T203000 +32.866152;-117.231861 Ralphs La Jolla @ 8657 Villa La Jolla Dr, La Jolla Village Square, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States 0 Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture free ai1ec-1818@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Learn about Kosher for Pesach Products, laws and have the opportunity to ask questions. 20170322T194500 20170322T213000 +34.055403;-118.393382 Young Israel Century City L.A. @ 9315 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture free ai1ec-1817@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture 20170323T190000 20170323T203000 +34.070014;-118.34362 Ralphs Hancock Park - La Brea @ 260 S La Brea Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90036, United States 0 Rabbi Eidlitz Kosherquest.org Pesach Tour and Lecture free ai1ec-1822@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z info@sfvmc.com The SFV Master Chorale & Orchestra, with soloists, narration and staging, will perform the world premiere of Sergio Barer’s “Moses, an Oratorio” in the beautifully restored 1920s landmark Wilshire Boulevard Temple. 20170402T160000 20170402T180000 +34.062118;-118.304967 Wilshire Boulevard Temple @ 3663 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90010, USA 0 World Premiere of ‘Moses, an Oratorio’ free General Admission $18 ai1ec-1851@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z tanniaz@yahoo.com Teenagers around the world: as you know, drunk and distracted driving are huge issues, and 2 main reasons teens are getting arrested. Adolescents in California 13-19 you are invited to attend a driving under the influence & distracted driving prevention event on April 30th, 2017. It is $10 until the 28th of April. Absolutely a life changing and well-needed lesson! Please forward this to your friends and be there. Eretz hopes to see you all! 20170430T170000 20170501T000000 +34.18238;-118.544211 Eretz Cultural Center @ 6170 Wilbur Ave, Tarzana, CA 91335, USA 0 Distracted Driving and Driving Under the Influence free $10 online 15 at the door ai1ec-1845@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z Nessah; 818-344-2303, 310-273-2400; For Singles a unique lecture by Shirely Lebovics L.C.S.W, Sychotherapist with over 30 years of experience,renowned dating coach and author. Professional Matchmakers will be on site. Followed by Open Bar And Dinner (Shawarma ,Falafel) $10 Per Person Presale. $15 @ The Door For more information or to purchase a ticket please call Nessah 310-273-2400, Haichal Moshe 818-344-2303 or visit Professional Matchmakers will be on site. Followed by Open Bar And Dinner (Shawarma ,Falafel) $10 Per Person Presale. $15 @ The Door For more information or to purchase a ticket pleass call Nessah 310-273-2400, Haichal Moshe 818-344-2303 or visit 20170430T190000 20170501T010000 +34.065606;-118.393536 Nessah Synagogue @ 142 S Rexford Dr, Beverly Hills, CA 90212, USA 0 Dating 101 free $10 Per Person Presale. $15 @ The Door ai1ec-1874@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163151Z The Hope4Adam Legacy Walk to celebrate the spirit of Adam Krief and those around him who worked tirelessly in the hope of a miracle. Let us continue Adam’s Legacy by getting everyone involved, swabbed and cured. The event will include a short program, children’s activities including a Superhero Sprint, and a memorial walk. Join both old and new friends to walk together and share the vision of the Hope4Adam Legacy. There will be no solicitation at the event. Schedule: • Registration starts at 9 a.m. • Presentation to family at 9:30 a.m. • Followed by kids superhero sprint and memorial walk LOCATION: UCLA Campus at Drake Stadium 340 Bruin Walk Los Angeles, CA 90095 PARKING: Lots 4 and 7 COST: FREE (First 500 registered receive T-shirts) Preregister: 20170521T090000 20170521T110000 +34.070998;-118.447503 UCLA at Drake Stadium @ Bruin Walk, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 0 Hope for Adam Legacy Walk free ai1ec-1882@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-825-9646. 20170521T100000 20170521T160000 +34.073024;-118.449965 UCLA Covel Commons @ 200 De Neve Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA 0 Israel in 3D: Community Conference free Students: $5 UCLA Faculty & Staff/Young Professionals: $30 General Public:$45 ai1ec-1890@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z netiyadevelopment@gmail.com Join us for a magical and family-friendly afternoon of music, food, and garden DIY projects to support Netiya! DIY: Seed Bombs, Lavender Sachets, Infused Vinegar, Sprouting SILENT AUCTION: Yoga for 6, Mindfulness Course, Garden Consultation, Jam and Pickle Making, Button Making, Kombucha Making, DIY energy bars, Eastern Medicine Consult, Aura Cacia items and spices EXPERIENCE: Food from Got Kosher? Cafe, Cider from 101 Cider House, Music from KXSC Student Radio REGISTER: Tickets:. 20170604T160000 20170604T190000 +34.071131;-118.226885 Viaduct @ 1799 Baker St, Los Angeles, CA 90012, USA 0 external $100 ai1ec-1893@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z info@jewishwomenstheatre.org Jewish Women’s Theatre and NEXT @ The Braid present THE SPACE BETWEEN – an original salon show featuring millennial stories. Purchase tickets TODAY by clicking here: $10 in advance / $15 at the door **Admission includes snacks, treats, and parking.** THE SPACE BETWEEN explores humorous, heartbreaking and surprising stories that cut to the heart of what divides us and illuminate the yearnings and struggles, successes and failures of reaching out to find common ground. 20170614T193000 20170614T213000 +34.032969;-118.467821 The Braid Performance Space @ 2912 Colorado Ave, Santa Monica, CA 90404, USA 0 The Space Between: A Milennial Storytelling Performance free $10 ai1ec-1911@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 818-858-3670 The Los Angeles Jewish Comedy Festival showcases more than 20 comedians in a laughter-filled evening of stand up comedy! Proudly presented by and in support of the Temple Emanuel of Beverly Hills YoPro. 20170624T200000 20170624T213000 +34.071839;-118.38526 Temple Emanuel of Beverly Hills @ 8844 Burton Way, Beverly Hills, CA 90211, USA 0 Jewish Comedy Festival external $18 online / $36 at the door ai1ec-1923@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z info@junitynow.com Join70720T210000 20170720T230000 +34.164757;-118.5259 Hachial Moshe @ 18042 Ventura Blvd, Encino, CA 91316, USA 0 The Successful Man Seminar free ai1ec-1944@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z info@junitynow.com Join Junity Thursday August 10th 2017 ,Join70810T210000 20170810T230000 +34.164757;-118.5259 Hachial Moshe @ 18042 Ventura Blvd, Encino, CA 91316, USA 0 The Successful Man Seminar free ai1ec-1961@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-276-4246; info@beverlyhillsjc.org Dr. Shira Efron – Challenges & Opportunities: Israeli-Arab Regional Cooperation (Lecture) 20170826T113000 20170826T123000 +34.081796;-118.413395 The Beverly Hills Hotel @ 9641 Sunset Blvd, Beverly Hills, CA 90210, USA 0 Challenges & Opportunities: Israeli-Arab Regional Cooperation free ai1ec-1967@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 855-585-5185;, fracturing the relationship that took a lifetime to build. How do we forgive ourselves, and others, and live with the parts of our past that are better forgotten? 20170916T203000 20170916T224500 +34.090548;-118.307913 Rogue Machine (in the MET Theatre) @ 1089 N Oxford Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90029, USA 0 DAYTONA by Oliver Cotton free $40 ai1ec-1978@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z rachel@Miller-ink.com The town hall will touch on issues pertaining to Israeli-Americans. The Israeli-American Coalition for Action (IAC for Action) will also host forum for candidates Travis Allen and Gavin Newsom as part of the series. 20170918T190000 20170918T210000 +34.189644;-118.570313 IAC Shepher Community Center @ 6530 Winnetka Ave, Woodland Hills, CA 91367, USA 0 IAC for Action to Host First Town Hall for California Gubernatorial Candidates free ai1ec-2008@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 213-884-4133; lgoldner@ajrca.edu Our featured speaker will be Simcha Raphael, PhD. Dr. Raphael is the Founding Director of the DA’AT INSTITUTE – Death Awareness, Advocacy and Training and received his doctorate in Psychology from the California Institute of Integral Studies. We invite you to RSVP via Facebook:. And if you can’t attend in-person, this Lunch & Learn will be streamed live (and available to watch afterward) via. AJRCA’s Facebook page: Dr. Raphael was ordained as a Rabbinic Pastor by Rabbi Zalman Schachter-Shalomi and is Adjunct Faculty at Bryn Athyn College. He works as a psychotherapist and spiritual director in Philadelphia and is a Fellow of the Rabbis Without Borders Network. He is the author of the groundbreaking Jewish Views of the Afterlife. “Many often assume Judaism does not have a belief in life after death, but this is a modern misconception. In this session we shall explore Jewish texts on the afterlife, in Jewish tradition and mysticism. We shall discover practical guidelines for talking with individuals and families about Jewish views of the afterlife, and ways of incorporating traditional and mystical teachings on life after death in education and pastoral care.” (Simcha Raphael). 20171023T120000 20171023T130000 +34.070238;-118.438323 The Academy for Jewish Religion California @ 574 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA 0 Jewish Views of the Afterlife – Lunch & Learn @ AJRCA free ai1ec-2013@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 323.850.2000. Tickets:. 20171030T200000 20171030T220000 +34.055347;-118.249921 Walt Disney Concert Hall @ 111 S Grand Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90012, USA 0 Israel Philharmonic Orchestra external $54-$162 ai1ec-2007@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z ita@heritageretreats.com; Heritage Retreats will host Father Patrick Desbois, president and founder of Yahad-In Unum, and an internationally renowned Catholic priest who has dedicated his life to finding and recording evidence of the Holocaust in Eastern Europe and to finding killing sites of the Jewish and Roma victims, as their special guest speaker at their annual Chai Event on November 7th at the Museum of Tolerance in Los Angeles. Father Desbois will share his story with the Los Angeles Jewish community, detailing his efforts to track down mass graves while the massacres are within living memory of eyewitnesses. Tickets:. 20171107T173000 20171107T193000 +34.053697;-118.401716 Museum of Tolerance @ 9786 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 Heritage Retreats Chai Event featuring Father Patrick Desbois external ai1ec-2033@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 323-761-8243 or 310-772-2505; RuJuLA@JewishLA.org L.A. PREMIERE SCREENING Q&A of the must-see documentary Operation Wedding: it’s not about a wedding, it’s about a daring escape attempt from the USSR, that brought down an empire. Tickets:. 20171111T193000 20171111T213000 +34.053697;-118.401716 Museum of Tolerance @ 9786 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 L.A. premiere of Operation Wedding documentary (Soviet Jewry Struggle/ escape attempt) external $15 Early bird / $20 at the door *limited seats* ai1ec-1932@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z info@aigya.org; facebook@israelgapyear Largest Israel Gap Year Fair on the West Coast featuring diverse Israel Gap Year programs across the denominational and interest spectrum. Boys, Girls, and Co-ed programs attending. Register at facebook@israelgapyear 20171116T190000 20171116T220000 +34.050174;-118.385062 YULA High School @ 1619 Robertson Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 American Israel Gap Year Fair free FREE - $10 Suggested Donation ai1ec-2015@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z margyjwrc@gmail.com The JWRC’s 13th annual musical for women Tickets:. 20171202T200000 20171202T223000 +34.039585;-118.342004 Nate Holden Performing Arts Center @ 4718 W Washington Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90016, USA 0 The JWRC’s presentation of The Music Man external $25-$35 ai1ec-1970@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 213-742-7388; jrogers@lakings.com On December 7th The LA Kings are hosting one of their most popular theme’s in Jewish Pride Night. The event takes place inside the STAPLES Center in Downtown LA. Groups of 15 are eligible for group discounts, a LA Kings branded Kippah giveaway item, and group experiences such as High 5’ing the players as they take the ice, pictures on the ice, singing the National Anthem, and many more! For tickets, call 213-742-7388 or email jrogers@lakings.com Tickets:. 20171207T193000 20171207T220000 +34.043006;-118.26736 Staples Center @ STAPLES Center, 1111 S Figueroa St, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA 0 LA Kings Jewish Pride Night external thumbnail;;150;150;1,medium;;300;225;1,large;;799;600;1 Starting at $42 ai1ec-2029@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-566-3344 Gala Tribute commemorating David Rifkind and Community Service Award to Yaacov and Rayme Isaacs Tickets:. 20171213T173000 20171213T210000 +34.063739;-118.43169 Sephardic Temple @ 10500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA 0 Jews for Judaism Gala external $250 per person ai1ec-2045 Los Angeles, California on Sunday, January 7th, 2018 to learn more about IDC firsthand. He will be coming all the way from Israel to meet with you and your parents! 20180107T140000 20180107T160000 +34.059235;-118.362812 Shalhevet High School @ 910 S Fairfax Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA 0 IDC Herzliya LA Info Session with VP Jonathan Davis free ai1ec-2044 Woodland Hills, CA on Sunday, January 7th, 2018 to learn more about IDC firsthand. He will be coming all the way from Israel to meet with you and your parents! 20180107T183000 20180107T213000 +34.189644;-118.570313 IAC Headquarters Woodland Hills California @ 6530 Winnetka Ave, Woodland Hills, CA 91367, USA 0 IDC Herzliya Woodland Hills Info Session with VP Jonathan Davis free ai1ec-2106@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z office@ajrca.edu Talmud’s top ideas, stories and values and what you need to know-how to study it. Discover and engage with Judaism’s most talked about compendium of knowledge: The Talmud. The Talmud offers us a window into the ancient world of the rabbis: Their loves, their competition with each other, their families, wives, prostitutes and children and we will cover them all. It also delves into priests committing fratricide, God admitting defeat, wayward children, death and love – and we will cover it all. Join instructor Igael Gurin Malous for 5 sessions this winter as he brings his unique perspective and approach to this age-old text. You will never look at the Talmud the same way again! This class will meet on five Tuesdays across January, February and March: 1/30, 2/6, 2/13, 2/27 and 3/6 from 7:00pm-8:30pm. In each 90-minute session, you’ll examine specific themes and readings from the text – and discuss their place in today’s society. Session titles include: – Taking off one layer at a time: the erotic dance of studying the layers of the text. – “Is it a bird? Is it a plane?” No, it’s a Talmudic Rabbi!: The fantastic power of Torah and Rabbis who know it. – Things that you can see from here, you cannot see from there: It’s a wonderful (1st century) world. – Cherche la famme: It’s a man’s world or the “mud” ceiling. – God and Us or does the Universe begin with U ‘n I? Instructor: Igael Gurin Malous is a Talmudist, artist, educator, theologian, husband and father. He grew up in Belgium and Israel (so as expected he is very well dressed and very blunt) He has a traditional Jewish background and studied in yeshiva for a large portion of his life and has been involved in informal and formal education for many years. He is currently writing his book exploring how to use talmud in everyday life. Tickets:. 20180130T190000 20180130T203000 +34.070238;-118.438323 AJRCA, Hillel@UCLA @ 574 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA 0 Essential Talmud: 2,500-year-old wisdom that’s still relevant today external $180 for all five sessions ai1ec-2107@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z office@ajrca.edu As the religious and cultural landscape in America is becoming more diverse and complex on a daily basis, it is not surprising that many of us know little about our neighbors, their ways of life, beliefs and traditions. We often avoid contact with those we consider “strangers in our midst,” but. Judaism teaches us to welcome the stranger, to care for the stranger, and to remember that we, ourselves, were once strangers. This class will meet on five consecutive Tuesdays from 1/30 through 2/27 from 7:00pm-8:30pm. Come explore the most challenging and exciting interfaith dialogue of our day, the conversation that is taking place right now and expanding rapidly throughout America and in many other countries around the globe. This class, taught by Ruth Broyde Sharone, a veteran interfaith activist, filmmaker and journalist, will discuss the history of interfaith dialogue in America — going back to 1893 ��� give learners a rare opportunity to meet leaders and representatives from the Jewish, Christian, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, and Sikh communities, and beyond. It will help you to become familiar and comfortable with fellow Americans of multiple backgrounds. Specifically, this class will cover the following topics and feature the following guests: – Screening of the prize-winning film: God and Allah Need To Talk followed by conversation with Mohamed Khan, a leading Muslim interfaith activist/organizer from the King Fahad Mosque – Unique opportunity to meet and hear stories of Jewish and Muslim women who have been dialoguing together with one another for 16 years – Interfaith Minister Doris W. Davis will share a genealogical map of the Giant Tree and Branches of the Religions of the World. Prepare to be amazed! – Conversation with prominent religious and interfaith leaders from five distinct communities: Christian (Jack Miles), Muslim (Prof. Amir Husein), Sikh (Nirjanjan Khalsa), Hindu (Rini Ghosh), and Jewish (Rabbi Mel Gottlieb) – Conversation with Rev. Dr. Gwynne Guibord of The Guibord Center – Religion Inside Out, who is working together with animal rights organizations; and with Exec. Director Eugene Shirley of Pando Populus, an organization launched three years ago to promote mainstream ecological consciousness by forming collaborative partnerships with diverse interfaith organizations around the city). – Conversation with young Interfaith Activists of multiple backgrounds: Hindu, Sikh, Baha’i, Muslim, Jewish, Christian, Global New Thought, Atheists, Atherius Society. Instructor: A passionate interfaith leader, documentary filmmaker, journalist, and author, honored internationally for her contributions to cultural education, peace and justice, Ruth Broyde Sharone served as co-chair of the Southern California Parliament of the World’s Religions (SCCPWR) for 10 years.. She is also the creator of INTERFAITH: The Musical a joyous musical dedicated to cultural and religious diversity. Tickets:. 20180130T190000 20180130T203000 +34.070238;-118.438323 AJRCA, Hillel@UCLA @ 574 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA 0 Strangers We Haven’t Met Yet: A Five-Week Course on Interfaith Engagement external $180 for all five sessions ai1ec-2039@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z r.weissman@shalhevet.org Tickets:. 20180225T170000 20180225T200000 +34.059235;-118.362812 Shalhevet High School Los Angeles, CA @ 910 S Fairfax Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA 0 Maccabeats LIVE Convert external thumbnail;;234;300,medium;;234;300,large;;234;300,full;;234;300 ai1ec-2139@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-571-8264; Nathan@miller-ink.com Eva Schloss, Holocaust survivor and the stepsister of Anne Frank – “A Story of Triumph,” Eva Schloss’s spoken testimony about her wartime experiences. Tickets:. 20180225T190000 20180225T210000 +34.046444;-118.252639 The Los Angeles Theater @ 615 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90014, USA 0 Event Listing: “A Story of Triumph: A historic evening with Eva Schloss, stepsister of Anne Frank” external $25 ai1ec-2165@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z cbsfilmseries@gmail.com Celebrating the Olympics CBS Film Series presents Berlin ’36 – Based. Lunch and popcorn will be served *CHECK KOSHER CERTIFICATION TO ENSURE IT MEETS YOUR REQUIREMENTS. 20180318T113000 20180318T133000 +34.410273;-118.511896 Congregation Beth Shalom Social Hall @ 21430 Centre Pointe Pkwy, Santa Clarita, CA 91350, USA 0 Congregation Beth Shalom Film Series presents “Berlin 36” free $5 at the door ai1ec-2157@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z Your chance to learn about ALIYAH…Your opportunity to meet other ALIYAH minded people…Your day to explore opportunities in Israel. 20180318T113000 20180318T163000 +34.059235;-118.362812 SHALHEVET HIGH SCHOOL @ 910 S Fairfax Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90036, USA 0 Nefesh B’Nefesh ALIYAH FAIR LOS ANGELES free ai1ec-2171@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z lasuitboutique@gmail.com LA’s first Men’s & Boy’s Suit Pop-Up Shop! 20180325T090000 20180325T210000 +34.055425;-118.388725 9041 W Pico Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA 0 The Suit Boutique free ai1ec-2150@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 213-623-3233 Idan Raichel live show has enchanted audiences worldwide. Tickets:. 20180402T190000 20180402T230000 +34.04188;-118.257034 Theatre at Ace Hotel @ 929 S Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA 0 Idan Raichel external $40-$100 fees ai1ec-2133@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z Millie Wexler; 323-761-8631; mwexler@bjela.org; Annual thank you event for BJE’s donors of $2,500 with special concert of Jewish music. Contact event organizer for more information. 20180506T103000 20180506T130000 Larchmont Village Private Home TBA 0 BJE Donor Society Brunch free $2,500 ai1ec-2002@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-273-6954 Annual Fundraiser 20190401T173000 20190401T213000 +34.063739;-118.43169 Sephardic Temple @ 10500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA 0 Young Israel of Century City Annual Tribute Dinner free $800 per couple ai1ec-2003@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-273-6954; shuloffice@yicc.org Annual Fundraiser 20200322T173000 20200322T213000 +34.053507;-118.457578 Sephardic Temple @ 11500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA 0 Young Israel of Century City Annual Tribute Dinner free $800-10,000 ai1ec-2004@lajewishguide.com 20180317T163152Z 310-273-6954; shuloffice@yicc.org Annual Fundraiser 20210314T173000 20210314T213000 +34.053507;-118.457578 Sephardic Temple @ 11500 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA 0 Young Israel of Century City Annual Tribute Dinner free $800-10,000
+To the Editor,
+The definition and fulfillment of suitable analytical performance specifications (APS) for the measurement uncertainty (MU) is essential to ensure that laboratory measurements are clinically usable [1], [2]. There is now a global consensus that the derivation of APS for different measurands should be carried out by using the models established in 2014 by the Strategic Conference of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) held in Milan, Italy [3]. In particular, model 1, based on the effect of analytical performance on clinical outcome, applies for measurands that have a central role in diagnosis and monitoring of a specific disease; model 2, based on the components of biological variation (BV) of the measurand, should be used for measurands under strict metabolic control; and model 3, based on the state of the art of the measurement (defined as the highest level of analytical performance technically achievable) should be used for measurands that cannot be included in the first two models [4].
+C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most sensitive of the acute phase proteins and its concentrations in serum increase rapidly during inflammatory processes [5]. However, an elevation of CRP is not diagnostic of any one specific disease as it occurs in many diseases involving tissue damage or inflammation. Besides not having a central and well-defined role in the decision making of a specific disease, CRP is a biologically challenging analyte. We previously highlighted the difficulties in deriving reliable CRP BV data [6], [7]. The meta-analysed BV data made recently available on the EFLM database () are 33.5% for intraindividual (CVI) and 87.7% for inter-individual variability (CVG), respectively. As Franzini pointed out, the CV describing the distribution of a set of positive distributed values, as laboratory results are, cannot exceed 33.3% [8]. Higher CVI and CVG values probably represent incorrect estimates due either to a transitory illness of some subjects in the evaluated sample group or, more generally, to non-normal distribution of the CRP data in apparently healthy individuals.
+Considering that neither of the first two EFLM models seems to be suitable for CRP, the model three constitutes the best option to derive APS for this measurand. According to the definition of the “state of the art” by the EFLM Strategic Conference, to derive APS for MU by using this model it is necessary to identify the highest quality of performance that is currently achievable [3]. With this aim, we compared experimentally estimated standard MU of four widely used commercial measuring systems for CRP measurement available in our laboratory: Alinity c and Architect c16000 (Abbott Diagnostics), AU680 (Beckman Coulter) and Cobas c501 (Roche Diagnostics), all ‘Conformité Européenne’/CE marked. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the evaluated measuring systems.
+Table 1:
+Characteristics of measuring systems for C-reactive protein measurement included in the study.
+According to recently published documents [1], [9], MU associated with laboratory results should combine two uncertainty components: the MU of calibrator value (ucal) and the MU accounting for random sources (uRw). The former should in turn combine the MU of the higher-order reference selected by the in vitro diagnostics (IVD) manufacturer for implementing traceability with the MU deriving from the process for assignment of calibrator values. uRw gives information about the stability of the measuring system over time and its variability when employed by an individual laboratory. The recommended time span for this evaluation is 6 months, as it allows covering all the significant sources of uRw [9]. We previously described in detail how correctly estimating uRw through the internal quality control (IQC) information [10]. In this study, for each measuring system, we collected the information about the metrological traceability and MU of commercial calibrators at CRP concentration of 10 mg/L, the 99th percentile limit of reference value distribution, with the exception of Roche C.f.a.s. calibrator for which only one level is available at 79.9 mg/L concentration. Then, we calculated the ucal by combining the standard MU of employed reference material, available on the corresponding certificate of analysis, with the standard MU of commercial calibrator as provided by the manufacturer. The uRw was experimentally estimated as intermediate reproducibility from 6-month consecutive measurement data of a serum pool with a selected CRP concentration near to 10 mg/L, randomly analysed daily during the ordinary laboratory activity. This material had the characteristics previously recommended for correctly deriving the MU of measuring systems due to random effects [1], [10]. In daily practice, the system alignment to the manufacturer’s specifications was checked by measuring, three times per day, i. e. every 8 h, the control materials offered by each manufacturer as part of their CE-marked measuring system and by verifying that results were within the range declared by the manufacturer. Finally, the standard MU associated to clinical samples were calculated as √(ucal 2 + uRw 2) and the system with the best analytical performance identified (Table 2).
+Table 2:
+Estimated combined standard measurement uncertainty of evaluated measuring systems for C-reactive protein (CRP) measurement.
+aCalculated by combining the standard MU of the employed reference material with the standard MU of commercial calibrator as declared by manufacturers. bEstimated as √(ucal 2 + uRw 2).
+Although it is theoretically possible that there is some option on the in vitro diagnostics market performing better, our data show that the Architect c16000 performance in terms of MU on clinical samples (3.76%) may represent the state of the art of the CRP measurement to be employed for the definition of APS for MU according to the model three of the EFLM Strategic Conference. If we consider this APS as desirable, we can also modulate the quality level to minimum goal (3.76% + ½ 3.76% = 5.64%), as previously described [10]. From data in Table 2, all the evaluated systems fulfilled this minimum quality goal for CRP MU. It is however expected that involved manufacturers work for improving the quality of assay performance to move towards the desirable quality goal in the next future. In this context, it is noteworthy the worsening of the analytical performance of CRP measurement between successive generations of platforms when Abbott Diagnostics products are considered. We recommend that manufacturers, before releasing any kind of technological upgrade, should pay major attention to assuring an equivalent, if not better, analytical quality of provided measurements.
+In this brief communication, we gave an example of the concepts previously mentioned for deriving APS for MU using the Milan model 3 [10]. The major components of the process are as follows: 1) assess combined standard MU for the selected measurand, based on ucal and random effects for commonly used measuring systems; 2) for random effects assessment, use material(s) other than those used to control the assay alignment and randomly spaced throughout the day; 3) identify the combined standard MU from the best performing system as the ‘desirable’ APS; and 4) establish the ‘minimum’ APS as being 50% greater than the desirable one. One potential limitation of our study was that only one level for pool material was employed, based on the CRP threshold having the major clinical impact (i. e., the upper reference limit). The need of more than one level that spans the reportable range for the test for the optimal estimate of MU has been previously underlined [1], [2]. Another study limitation is the use of only one version of each method, including the determined best system which is used to set the APS. This could not allow optimal capture of the variation in performance that would be seen in various laboratories.
+Acknowledgments
+We are indebted to Simona Borille, Assunta Carnevale, Concetta Sasso and Sara Zampetti (Clinical Pathology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco) for collection and processing of IQC data.
+Research funding: None declared.
+Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
+Competing interests: Authors state no conflict of interest.
+Ethical approval: The local Institutional Review Board deemed the study exempt from review.
+References
+1. Braga, F, Panteghini, M. The utility of measurement uncertainty in medical laboratories [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 3]. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020;58:1381-3.Search in Google Scholar
+2. Braga, F, Panteghini, M. Defining permissible limits for the combined uncertainty budget in the implementation of metrological traceability. Clin Biochem 2018;57:7–11. in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed. in Google Scholar PubMed
+5. Mazlam, MZ, Hodgson, HJ. Why measure C reactive protein? Gut 1994;35:5–7. in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
+6. Braga, F, Panteghini, M. Biologic variability of C-reactive protein: is the available information reliable? Clin Chim Acta 2012;413:1179–83. in Google Scholar PubMed
+7. Braga, F, Ferraro, S, Szöke, D, Lanzoni, M, Panteghini, M. Estimate of intraindividual variability of C-reactive protein: a challenging issue. Clin Chim Acta 2013;419:85–6. in Google Scholar PubMed
+8. Franzini, C. Need for correct estimates of biological variation: the example of C-reactive protein. Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;36:131–2. in Google Scholar
+9. ISO/TS 20914:2019. Medical laboratories – Practical guidance for the estimation of measurement uncertainty, 1st ed. Geneva, Switzerland: ISO, 2019.Search in Google Scholar
+10. Braga, F, Pasqualetti, S, Aloisio, E, Panteghini, M. The internal quality control in the traceability era. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020, Article Number: 20200371. Published online: 28 Apr 2020. in Google Scholar PubMed
+© 2020 Federica Braga and Mauro Panteghini, published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston
+This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
+I need to extend the number of meals we eat from the standard Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner to include Brunch and Afternoon Tea, and if there is room at the end of the day then a suppertime snack can be squeezed in before bedtime.
+Strawberry season is here my friends. Plumptious ripe ruby red berries of every size and shape, from the teeny–tiny berries no bigger than a thumbnail increasing exponentially to giant gob stopper‘s, so large that when eaten whole the muncher can do nothing else but munch.
+We have them sliced on granola for breakfast, later in the day a few in a bowl topped with a spoonful of Greek Yoghurt and even later on their own to finish a meal on a fruity note, or perhaps seeped in a little Crème De Mures.
+Of course there are liquid options too – strawberry smoothies have featured for breakfast and today my kitchen adventures will see me ending my working day with a cocktail – I’m thinking of Daiquiri’s, note the plural!
+Frankly I’ve been too hot or harried to bake or get whizzy in the kitchen. I know I could make pancakes, syrups, cakes, scones and cookies galore, I could add them to salads and get a little bit funky – but time and effort mean it’s easier for me to pick a berry from a bowl and pop it into my mouth. No implements, sweeteners or fuss needed. Just a will and a way.
+There have been two brief forays in the kitchen, the focus of wanting to take a house warming present saw me making Shortbread to pile the berries on – consider them as strawberry vehicles without wheels, gears or brakes; a means to move strawberries into your mouth via a buttery crumbly treat.
+The second trip was at a friend’s, having picked another kilo and feeling rather full I finally succumbed to jam making. I’m not a great Jam Fan, but I was blowed if I was going to waste the gems, besides little jars come Christmas time will I’m sure be gratefully received – that is if I managed to get the recipe right and haven’t created Botulism from hell in a jar. In all honesty, combining cooking on an Aga for the first time and jam making may not have been entirely successful. Hence they have been Christened Jammy Strawbs , the jars look like Jam and are in fact labelled up as such. We’ll see what the toast test reveals another day.
+GROWING STRAWBERRIES ~
+We all know how to grow strawberries don’t we? We can buy them from a garden centre, or from a plant stall at your local fete or even look lustily at your neighbour’s strawberry patch, and if you do this for long enough they will eventually take the hint and give you some runners/small plants. I find the later tactic works a treat 🙂
+The plants are perfectly ok shoved in the ground and generally ignored for the majority of the year, you can enrich the ground with well-rotted compost or manure; in the main growing season you can use straw underneath the plants to make life more difficult for slugs and snails to get to YOUR fruit; you can net them so Mr and Mrs Blackbird, who have the same penchant for strawberries as we do, can’t gorge themselves. We can grow them in pots or window boxes in a sunny spot, watering and feeding them well throughout the growing season.
+I know gardeners who cut the leaves back every autumn, some even running the lawn mower (on a high cut) over the patch. But one thing to remember is that strawberries have a short life, a producing lifecycle of three years; they will carry on producing berries but the numbers decrease year on year. Not to worry as we can use the runners to create new plants and increase our stock.
+TIP-TOP TIP alert for Successful Strawberries!
+And here’s the trick a friend passed to me – to only use the newly growing strawberry runner nearest to the main plant and discard the rest. You have to be brutal my friends and throw the others on the compost heap. I’ve since read that you should cut all the runners off first year plants to help the main plant develop and settle in. I’ll give that a go next year and see if me and mother nature can reproduce the berry mountain of 2013.
+____________
+On a personal note can I say thank you for the blog lurve, I’ve been popping in and catching up on your news, slowly-slowly reading and revelling, pausing and reflecting, thank you for the welcome back, it really is special my friends, as are you x
+_____________
+Strawberries are a sure sign of summer. You might think of infusing strawberries in liquor…I have used vodka and it works great.
+a great idea Karen! I’m off to pick some more this afternoon, I’ll have to see how many we have left 🙂
+I’m on my way to enjoy a Daiquiri with you…
+Hmm, will have to keep the runner closest to the plant bit in mind for when summer shows her beautiful warm face our side of the the world.
+Have a beautiful week ahead Claire.
+🙂 Mandy xo
+I’m picking a batch this afternoon, the season is nearly over, so I think we should celebrate don’t you Mandy 🙂
+And the tip really does seem to hold true
+How about strawberry butter? Read about it here and how to use it in Strawberry Beurre Blanc:
+Strawberry Butter
+Process all ingredients in a food processor until butter is smooth and well blended.
+Place in refrigerator for 20 minutes or until firm.
+May be made in advance and stored in freezer for up to one month.
+Thanks for the link I’ve never heard of strawberry butter before, and having looked at the recipe(fish is a favourite of mine) I’m even more intrigued now!
+Strawberry daiquiris, yum!
+Hi Andrew, we made a jug of the tonight, and YUM does sum them up 🙂
+Delicious. I’m going to try to make jam at least once in my live … the dragon fruit experiment was not a complete success. I actually tossed it after about a month in the fridge as I was never tempted to actually use it.
+I’ve made marmalade many times, when the Seville oranges are in season, but jam….. I’m not sure I’ve really managed it! Shame about your experiment, I guess we live and learn…. 🙂
+You forgot midnight feasts 🙂 I love English Strawberries but I think they’ll be long finished by the time we get there – the ones here are enormous and taste of absolutley nothing 😦
+🙂 Midnight feasts remind me of camping with the Brownies and Girl Guides……
+I didn’t know that English strawberries are so different from the Spanish, could you plant some English ones on your hillside or even in your seaside garden? I know someone who will have some spare runners later in the year……
+We probably could try, we planted the Spanish ones one year and they grew well (we just didn’t lie them so pulled them up). I’ll be round in about a month for some beans then 🙂
+You can have beans as well – sorry for the confusion but I meant strawberry runners…..
+Oops – but we’ll take anything that’s going, you know us! What a wonderful idea, I’d love to take a little bit of Sussex back to Spain 🙂
+The heat wave you can keep but an excess of strawberries with enough for cocktails and jam that is heavenly!
+It feels rather decadent to have a cocktail doesn’t it, but blimey they were good!!
+I am just a little jealous as your strawberry season is “now” and our season is “not now”. Fresh early berries are so sweet and special. I picked, I ate, I made all sorts of easy recipes using our local Strawberries during our very short season due to the Nashville heat and now I will just have to enjoy your stories and photos. Very pretty pics.
+Oh Teresa I suffer from that same jealousy when I read all the early strawberry recipes from the States!! Its a short season here – about 3 to 4 weeks, short but sweet as they say. But the currants are starting to ripen and after that it will be the blackberries and raspberries…… and now I’m wondering what other cocktail adventures I could have )
+Feel the same way about strawberries that you do. I am happy to consume them in every fashion. Don’t think I’ve ever had a Daiquiri though… I will have to try that too.
+evening Simon, lovely to see you here. The Daiquiri is a treat, I’ve had the lime ones before as I like the sweet sour flavours, the strawberry are much sweeter (as you’d expect). to be honest they are a treat to be savoured after a long day at work!
+Our berries are just finishing up…Lord knows, we all ate our weight in them while they were here! I’ve got 6 or7 pounds stashed in the freezer for making jam after the weather cools off!
+So glad to have you back!
+I need a bigger freezer Marie!! That or more friends 🙂 And trust me my friend its fabulous to be back, yabbering away with my friends, I’ve been missing you too …Are you planning a Paris trip this year? Just wonderin’
+Hubby has been over twice, but I’m not ready to put Angel on a long-haul flight yet…she’s still having some toileting issues…Maybe in late fall, if things go well!
+Love the photo of the strawberries served in a stem glass, very classy. Like Karen’s idea of infusing strawberries in liquor.
+Thank you Norma, I had a lot of fun taking that photo, I’m not usually very good at dressing photos or using props, to much of a rush probably! isn’t Karen’s idea a great one!
+Your strawberries look lovely – it must be nice to have mountains of them. I like the sound of strawberry shortbread and the cocktails of course!
+It’s the first year I can honestly say I’ve had LOTS of them, so it’s been a bit of a revelation munching my weight in strawberries 🙂 we tried the cocktail tonight – and it got a monster thumbs up !
+I’m pretty strawberried out after about three weeks of them now – as it should be! I rarely buy them out of season, so we must make the most of them… cocktails is a good idea, since it’s too warm to do much baking here too. Enjoy the sunshine and berries Claire! 😀
+I know what you mean about buying them out of season, nothing like homegrown or fresh is there Cathy. And after sampling the cocktail mix tonight (yes I realise it’s a Monday!!) I can totally recommend them 🙂
+Strawberries are my morning snack, afternoon tea and supper… Obsessed 🙂
+Cheers
+Choc Chip Uru
+You’d fit right in here Uru 🙂 I bet you make some wicked cakes and cookies with them too !
+Claire! Nice to see you again. Strawberries in all their various disguises; it’s what makes summer, summer. Lovely post and beautiful photos. Happy summer!
+And a happy summer to you too!! Finally we have a summer with some warmth,
+Hooray, you’re back! We’ve missed you! 🙂 Your strawbs look amazing, we tried for years but couldn’t seem to grow them in our backyard – they wouldn’t ripen, and the few that did were invariably eaten by slugs or a visiting dog. You’ve inspired me, think we might try again in hanging pots!
+Hanging pots and baskets are good, I’ve grown them like that when space was short. I think you need to feed them though (I nearly always forgot to!). A friend on my allotments grows them in old plastic milk pots, cut up and nailed to a fence, very practical but maybe not something you’d want to look at at home….
+And it’s lovely to be back with my friends Celia 🙂 thank you
+If there was time, you could maybe squeeze in morning coffee sometime between breakfast and brunch… it’s only a short season after all, and the strawberries are especially good and tasty this year! Good to see you back Claire.
+I now have two more eating times to add – midnight feasts and mid morningsnacks – I love my blogging friends 🙂
+It seems our awful Spring has morphed into a good summer……. fingers crossed eh! And thanks for the comments and support Sarah, it’s great to be back in blogland with my buddies !
+your strawberries look plumptious indeed claire! oh for the taste of a freshly grown berry … when we have rather tasteless ones in the shops now … but our turn will come … so glad your summer is turning out well 🙂
+Your turn will come Christine, just as I’m facing a dark dank winter, you will have bowls of sweet sunshine to enjoy!
+Lovely! I am eating a bowl of strawberries right now, but mine are from the store. It would’ve been nicer if they’d been from my garden! My kids would love to grow strawberries–it’s one of their favorite fruits–but that will have to wait until they’re a bit older and can help out more in the garden.
+Fresh strawberries in season are fab aren’t they! What a lovely idea, I haven’t met a kid yet who doesn’t like to pick berries, it’s fun searching for them under the leaves, gently pulling them off, and oops there goes another one into the mouth and not the bowl!! Happy days 🙂
+Ahhh…so nice – the berries and your pictures. I’ve been making lots of strawberry smoothies…even made a spinach and strawberry smoothie one day. It was delicious – rather like having salad for breakfast!
+I finally got into smoothies this last winter, and what a revelation they are… I’m not sure I’m feeling courageous enough to add spinach, I’m sure it would be good and tasty, …. it would have to be a BRAVE day ! Mind you I do love salads…… Lovely to see you and thanks for popping in 🙂
+Claire, today I made a chocolate peanut butter & banana smoothie. It was delicious – like dessert for breakfast! Nice to see you too!
+what a fabulous harvest! Thanks for the growing tips 🙂
+Thank you Lisa, they really are easy to grow, no fuss and attention needed!
+I’m afraid I am a real old fogey: love standing at the strawberry bed and eating them then and there just as they come 🙂 ! But your post has given me a nudge; yes, a number of my plants are way past the three year limit and next season I better watch out for more of the ‘free stock’ produced!!
+Lovely to see you Eha, and that is nothing like being an old fogey – that’s just plain sensible and bright! And it’s a pleasure to nudge 🙂
+You weren’t exaggerating one bit, Claire, when you mentioned all of the strawberries in your garden. It would be wonderful — at first. Then the reality sets in. If they were carrots, you’d be sporting a nice orange complexion by now. Karen’s idea of making strawberry flavored liqueur sounds wonderful. You certainly won’t have to worry about it “going bad.” 🙂
+It seems to have been a super year for them John, that long cold Spring we had didn’t do them any harm.
+I keep thinking of the Oompa Lumpas in the Chocolate Factory – they were purple (??), but I’m sure there is a strawberry coloured character out there………
+I planted 20 runners about 5 years ago and they did quite well. This year I am going to dig up my whole berry garden and start again as it has all died back 🙂
+Nothing like starting afresh Tandy – I love my currants and have planted new ones this year so I’m no expecting a great crop, but roll on next summer
+Now those are some *awesome* strawberry photos!!! I love visiting your blog Claire, and learning so much. We knew about the short lives of plants, but I’m taking note of the runner info. My daughter and I made strawberry ice cream for the first time and I cannot believe the taste! I have not been successful with jam though, but I just might give it another shot this year (quickly as the season is nearing the end). Dana
+Oh my Strawberry ice cream sounds amazing! I used an old Delia Smith recipe, and I had a little taste the other day and it’s fine for a first attempt ! Well it was fine for me and my toast 🙂 Hope you have a super sunny weekend Dana
+Maine strawberries are in now, and they are small and sweet. So far I’ve done nothing with them other than pop them in my mouth or use them in a breakfast smoothie. I’ve not tried growing them in my little garden, but I bet the squirrels wish I would!
+Thank you, Claire, for your visits.
+Hi there, and I bet you are right Squirrels have a sweet tooth, they used to know exactly when the grapes were ripe and ready to pick and eat the lot!
+Welcome back, and thank you for commenting on my blog. I’ve been having some rather stressful and busy times myself and feel like I’ve been neglecting the blog-o-sphere but in a week or so things should slow down and get back to some form of normal, or at least the new normal!
+Strawberries are a sure sign of summer and your berries have incredible colour, I can imagine how sweet and delicious they are. I used to grow berries in a hanging basket, but unless you have 10 of them there isn’t enough produced, plus the birdies like them too. I have read on other UK blogs that it’s been unseasonably hot and humid your way as well — we’ve been also having high heat and humidity which sometimes makes it feel likes it’s 35°+40°C! Crazy considering what a cool and damp spring we had. On the plus side, the greenery is loving it and my city garden is just so plump and luscious! I had to cut back my English Ivy grown cover as it was taking over my dining area in the back yard…it’s about 35cm high and cutting it back makes me think of when we shovel snow off the sidewalk the way it banks up to the stone.
+Its lovely to hear from you Eva and I hope life steadies up soon for you. We have so many competing things going on in our lives don’t we!
+and yes we really do have a summer – beautiful warm days followed by more beautiful warm days. Of course that means watering, but I’m loving it! It also means I’m having to get up even earlier so I can go too my allotment to water before the heat of the day kicks in! My Passion Flower is on a takeover bid and I think, if I get the time today, it will have a haircut!
+Happy gardening Eva x
+Your information is really useful and welcome, Claire. Long ago I did grow strawberries, and I think what I failed to know at the time was that they had a short life! I probably lost interest when they stopped producing well. But you have me picturing where I can start a new patch, and I most certainly will. We love strawberries and I’d love to have so many I needed to add a couple of meals to my day! I wonder if you could approximate for me how large your strawberry “field” is to produce so many? 🙂 Thank you for a great post, my friend.
+Hi Debra great to see you! OK my patch is about 1 x 3 m (3 ft x 12 ft) approx. And I have loads of plants stuffed in there 🙂 It’s going to get an overhaul this autumn and the new runners moved to a new patch so I can try and rotate the plants. It’s never ending this gardening is it 🙂
+I am definitely going to begin looking for just the right spot for a nice strawberry patch, Claire. I think it would be so lovely to have more strawberries than I know what to do with! I learned a lot from your post, and it encouraged me to give it another try. 🙂
+Those strawberries look fantatsic! No need to bake, put them in thngs or add to them…they don’t need it. They are heaven in a mouthful just as they are. Hope the jam does turn out ok. You are very brave attempting that on an Aga! And the less said about Daiquiri’s (yes plural) the better……Havana my friend, how did our livers cope:-)
+xx
+I tried some of the jam the other day on some toast……. delic 🙂 Catch up later x
+Amazing crop of strawberries!
+We had plenty to share too 🙂
+It’s got to be done Promenade! A veritable procession of sweet succulence that cannot be avoided. Lovely crop…and if I EVER get round to growing some instead of buying them (1kg this week) I’ll be back for the tips.
+I like growing fruit as it needs so little effort from me! Just plonk ’em in the ground, net them and wait….. my kind of gardening 🙂
+Stunning photos of strawberries. A sweet post !
+Thank you Ruth, it was fun to take them….. at of course eat…..
+Love your berries in the martini glass photo! And thanks for the tips–I would like to grow my own someday; I think I could use an almost infinite number of them!
+Thank you Inger I had some fun doing that photo ! To be honest I started to wonder whether I was turning red I’d eaten so many 🙂 Hope you hav a great weekend
+A will and a way. I like that. I like that a lot. 🙂
+Hi Kim, it’s an old saying, and sometimes they are the best! Hope you have a sun filled weekend
+I’m heading straight out first thing in the morning and cutting all the runners.
+I think you could fit elevensies in-between breakfast and brunch:)
+Guggenheim Museum Licenses Colors; Towel Bars and TP Holders Coming In 2012
+.
+Back from Brazil! In this second installment of Arquiteto ou Engenheiro? we bring you more contractor comedy gold, mostly from South America, one from Europe, and one which look like a mishap in suburban Georg.
+Behold the built in greatness of the Kerk Apartment by Dutch firm Stijn Bisscheroux. We do love it when furniture gets all architectural on us.
+Via Materialicious.
+Archinect has a great piece on MONU Magazine's issue #10, titles "Holy Urbanism". The issue focuses on how building by religious organizations, and religious experiences in general, affect cities. It's a brilliant topic rarely discussed ever by anybody, so it's long overdue for the zine set.
+Especially thrilling is the fact that you can browse the magazine on Youtube. Stunning.
+1. Ocho al Cubo House, Toyo Ito, via Arch Daily.
+2. The existing conditions concrete shell for Vakko Headquarters and Power Media Center, REX Architects, via Arch Daily.
+3. Nanjing Museum of Art & Architecture, Steven Holl Architects....
+2mins15 is a new blog of architects and flaneurs posting short videos of their cities (Paris, Valencia, Buenos Aires and Caracas). The results are interesting, and definitely part of the psychogeography collection we have here at dear Trop...
+The crazy rendering we published back in 2006 turned out to be a real, live building. Coop Himmelblau's High School #9 is completed; our favorite write up is the amusing visual essay by Hello Beautiful!.
+1. Buckminster Fuller's patent drawings for geodesic domes, via BLDGBLOG.
+2. Museum of Drafting Technology, via Materialicious.
+3. Brian Dettmer, Gray's Anatomy 2002...
+Top to bottom
+1.Casa Binimelis-Barahona by Polidura + Talhouk Arquitectos, photograph by Aryeh Kornfeld.
+2.Armatures for a Fluid Landscape, photograph by Toshio Shibata.
+3. Trutec Building by Barkow Leibinger Architects; photographer unknown...
+Stair Porn. The title (and design) of this blog says it all: it's about stairs of every kind, leaning toward the awesomely designed. The categories of stairs on the sidebar are going to turn this into a great architectural reference. It's run by the same people who do the brilliant Materialicious. Pictured is a stair by Gio Ponti with the comment "All we need now is for Sophia Loren to walk down those stairs."
+Note to Stair Porn: include my West Village Duplex stair?.
+0300 TV does what I was groping at with my post about that AIA site a few months back: simple video check ins on great buildings, some familiar, some not. With a minimum of interface. It's obviously a travelogue from someone based in Chile (today is Chile day at Tropolism) but we think it's the start of something great.
+The site also contains videos on related topics, with interviews, art installations, and commentary about contemporary urban and media issues..
+Tropolism got a little mention on current.com's teeny featurette on architecture blogs..
+We were happy and surprised to learn that Tropolism is #9 in the 2008 MoPo, the list of Most Popular architecture blogs in the world. Ah, the power of a great publicist. Kidding! Eikongraphia uses a bunch of internety measures to determine their list.
+But it wasn't the fact that we coined the term pop-up park last week (a friend overheard people using that phrase on the Brooklyn Bridge two days later, after seeing it on television, after coming from us). Or our awesome book reviews. It's you, dear reader. You are the ones that truly make Tropolism.
+Pruned continues the thread about flower factories in Europe, starting with this stunning picture of tulip fields in the Netherlands.
+In yet another study in the sublime scale of stadiums, StrangeHarvest gives us dozens of shots surveying the world of stadium seating. As mosaic. We're always a fan of obsessive catalogs.!.j).
+The architects call their designs Passive Houses. Pictured is Villa Atrium, a donut-shaped building with a tree growing in the central courtyard. The ideal climates for these designs are not specified. What is remarkable about these is that not only do they use an ancient concept to create energy efficiency, they do it while creating modern, playful houses..
+Over the weekend Daily Dose pointed us to the crazy-wavy Chicago building called Aqua, which, despite its so-so renderings, is turning out to be completely awesome in real-life rendering. Also known as reinforced concrete.
+(If concrete is poured in Chicago, does anyone notice? Sorry, I didn't want you to think I'd mellowed out too much on Chicago. I've mellowed out just a little.)
+The construction photos remind us of a love child between Harrison's swoopiness at NYC's Metropolitan Opera House and Bertrand Goldberg's Marina City. Complete with plinth holding the waviness above the city grid. The project was designed by Studio Gang Architects. Check out their website for more pictures, including a great inspiration picture of an eroded boulder and some more construction photos. This may be an example of the built work being better than its renderings.
+From Roldan + Berengue, arqts. in Barcelona comes a very interesting assemblage inspired by the ultimate in architectural references: a Kurasawa film. Taking their cue from the opening scene of Kurasawa's 1985 Ran, where the main characters are seated in an outdoor room defined by a fabric wall, the architects have created a textile-textured wall using bent ceramic tile modules and irregularly shaped support vertical units. The project, particularly floorplans, bear the unmistakable fingerprints of another Catalan master we like. Not only that, the thing got built for this product fair.
+Core 77 has a great piece on turning bamboo into building products, including a follow-up piece here. Most of this isn't news to anyone who has taken an continuing education course on the topic, but it's a great overview nonetheless..
+Via StrangeHarvest: pictures of flower factories. Happy Valentine's Mechanization..
+Yes, that is the Sagrada Familia Cathedral by Gaudi...rendered in LEGO. From Piece of Peace exhibition in Shibuya.
+More of these at DTYBYWL.?).
+Geek Architecture News: at 1:58pm (timezone unknown) today, the LEGO brick celebrates its 50th anniversary. Via Slashdot..
+To continue the thread of interesting mapping of data, we present a long-bookmarked favorite, Radical Cartography. The simple interface yields dozens of mapping exercises, from the data-filled to the unconventional. Our favorite: Area Codes...
+At Citibloc.com, a collection of very tall building projects. Not a complete list, but worth checking out..
+BLDGBLOG points us to a gorgeous site hailing from London called StrangeHarvest. I like to think of it as an English cousin of BLDGBLOG, reflecting an appetite for constructed environments and their relationship to nature. Case in point: the post about astroturfing Texas Highway medians from the January 1971 issue of Texas Highways, whose current manifestation is TexasFreeway.com. This stuff keeps us warm at night.
+Unique to StrangeHarvest are some original visual artworks. Our favorite: the highway collages...
+This week is New Architectural Magazine Week at Tropolism. Didn't you hear?
+First up is a great magazine out of Australia called Specifier. Its publication includes a lot of information on architectural building products, and relates them to projects worldwide. Kind of like Architectural Record, only not so half-assed. Specifier has only recently gone online, which is how we found out about it (thank goodness for our magazine-surfing intern). Our favorite: being able to read and see pictures of the current issue, like this article about the marvellous Metropol Parasol in Seville..
+A month ago we pointed out something posted by our friends at Tranism about some abandoned housing pods outside of Taipei. It was our response to the craze over some overhyped pods in a recent New York City loft conversion. We got several dozen emails asking us more. We asked for more. Tranism has delivered more; see their site for many more pictures, and the unusual (for western cultures) reason for its abandonment......
+Tropolism means build beautiful details. In that vein, we were pleased to see this suspended wood staircase across a gorge in Traversinertobel, Switzerland. Engineer Jürg Conzett and his associate Rolf Bachofner solved the problem of connecting two different elevations over the gorge by creating a staircase. The staircase replaces a rope bridge for hikers that was wiped out by a rock slide.
+Via We Make Money Not Art, where you'll also find links to construction photographs....
+Open-source computer-generated drawing program from artist Rob Myers. It's only a matter of time before someone turns this into a plug-in for SketchUp, or AutoCad. Click 'continue reading' to see Tropolism's first non-authored drawing..!
+Wacky in a way only state-sponsored architecture can be is the National Swimming Center in Beijing, going up right next to another of H&DM's stadiums (no, not this one). The center is enclosed by what appears to be a wall whose structure is an irregular spaceframe (made to resemble the cellular pattern of soap bubbles) and is clad in what appears to be a frosted or patterened glass. All of this from a wonderful photo gallery at Structurae. The building was conceived by Australian-based PTW Architects. Structural design by Arup, of course.
+Tipped off by We Make Money, Not Art.?
+Tropolism's editorial staff is travelling again (DTW to EWR, sorry, no update on the hole at IAD). We would like to invite you, again, to participate in our community map over at Frappr. Enjoy!
+We admit our addictions and obsessions. We love diagonals. Give us something architectural with a tetrahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron, or pentagram in it, and we're yours. Future Feeder heard our silent cry and points us to a map archive that will keep us in business for many years..
+Continuing our theme of ways people map the city, we discovered, through BoingBoing, the Folksongs for the Fivepoints project. You can remix the sample sounds of the Lower East Side and create your own folk song. A glorious noise...
+We began our Thanksgiving break a tad early, so we thought we'd sign off this afternoon with a site you can dig your teeth into. It's called Abandoned Japanese Buildings (we made that up, the fact checker/translator totally slipped out at noon today). The site is about abandoned Japanese buildings, and include gorgeous walk-throughs on how the photographer got in. No translation necessary. Thank you for making Tropolism a success, and enjoy your feast!
+Update: Jean Snow points out that the site's name translates to "Haikyo Deflation Spiral".
+This just in from the ever-vigilant Yuri Gitman comes word of The Mascarillons. They are...well...they are this:
+"The Mascarillons are the first rigid aerobots developed for the [ SAILS ] project. They are flying cubic automata able to develop collective behaviors and assemblages through swarm-intelligence protocols."
+Either this is the coolest thing ever, or expect a visitor from the future attempting to destroy the project before it learns enough to take over. I've a parallel interest in these structures, stemming from another source, and so I was interested to check out the origins section, combining nerdy technical ideas and architectural fantasia.
+To compliment the wordlessness of architecture, this Japanese building photo blog gives us buildings familiar and not, with lots of gorgeous new views. We love to look.!....
+One of the Joys of Blogging is having folk from the World Wide Interweb posting correspondance that directs me hither, yon, and further yon.
+For instance, this gorgeous panorama of Manhattan, from our favorite tall building.
+Or this, a temporary habitat that, while unweildy and completely inconvenient, would work if you had a porter to set it up for you while you unfolded your 17" Powerbook.
+Or this, yet another site devoted to mapping our world through Google.
+PS all of the above came from Artist/Inventor/Toy Dissector Yuri Gitman, so y'alls are behind a bit. Do write!".
+Technology extends the story. Satellite pictures taken from
+In the afterward for The Tipping Point, Malcom Gladwell discusses the tendency for our information-laden lives to require word-of-mouth in order to give us information we trust. Information from friends..
+It's the day for New York mapping! Intersection of New York Tropolism with Interwebism!
+NYCBloggers brilliantly maps us by our subway stop. They've even made special accomodations for the Borough With No Subway System (no, not New Jersey). Yet another reason not to move to Hoboken!
+After months of whois searches, a new name emerges, because as you know Second Nature abhors a vacuum.
+The URL thicket that is what we call the World Wide Interweb is not as overgrown as you might be led to believe, were you doing my job.
+And so we are getting a new name. Stay tuned.
+Remember those two shows I saw at MoMA a couple of weeks ago? I nearly forgot to tell you: the secret star was someone I've seen around, but whose name was always in the background. The shop's work was in more than one exhibition. Huge piles of artifacts were by this studio. I'm speaking of the model craftspeople at Kennedy Fabrications. (Warning: Shockwave site approaching. Also not very up-to-date). They built the gorgeous High Line model I pictured, as well as models in the Groundswell show.
+Of note is their command of many techniques. Architectural modelling is much like drawing: it requires mastery of the skill of matching technique to underlying idea. Some models were lit, some were photorealistic, some were super-abstract. But they were all large works of art that took a great deal of energy and coordination to execute.
+Modelmakers: contractors of the miniature..
+.
+“Blogger dear, you shalt one day have your own set of followers who would come to you to seek their source of enlightenment. Remember, it’s your blog-o-spherical society that comes first before anything or anyone else. Guide them, towards creative glory!”
+These were the very invaluable and insightful words invested into me by His Holy Highness “The Diary Almighty”, as I was being enlightened and brought up to serve and guide the next generation of creative and open writers.
+In the Diary Age, be it to – express love, hatred or anger…pen down stories, verses or ramblings – writers wrote for themselves and only in their personal diaries, with most of their creativeness well within the confines of their own minds. However things have changed, slowly but steadily, all along with the advent of intelligent machines and creative as people were, they quickly adapted to the change and eventually clandestine writing took a backseat.
+The day I was solemnized as “The Blogger Almighty”, I pledged to use all my power and the knowledge gained by the teachings of His Holy Highness, to serve the society for its well-being as well as that of my followers, the Bloggers.
+Thus as time passed, came into existence the 12 commandments which would change the world, if practiced blindly:
+I ~ Thou shalt not take more than give
+My dear, this is something very important and hence shall be taken with top prominence. Make sure that being my follower; you don’t go overboard in this thumb rule. Every follower shall by all means give more than he wishes to take or accept. Be it love, care or anything materialistic – cash or kind – you shall not accept more than you can give. In case you do receive more, be kind enough to give it away as your excess can be someone else’s need.
+Be charitable, do gift a smile.
+II ~ Thou shalt not be profane or selfish in thy deeds.
+Come what may, you are my son. To deserve my love or punishment, you shall be the one.
+Respect your elders more than how you would like your next generation to revere you.
+Look after the society and abide by its rules while you make sure to teach the fools.
+Care for the stray and in times of need; do not go the other way.
+Do not be greedy, disrespectful and selfish. Serve the society as your actions could inspire more and bring in that revolution.
+Love the needy, as you love thyself.
+III ~ Thou shalt have an appetite to learn and unlearn
+At every stage, life presents you with an opportunity to learn. Be it from your own experience or from the experiences of the people around you. Don’t miss to digest the take-away. Learning from others’ mistakes is much easier and less painful than otherwise.
+Education, at least up to a certain level as to where an individual can express his thoughts and explain his actions is a real must. Let me say it’s mandatory, so make sure this command is passed through the genes. As a responsible Follower, one needs to endorse it on their space and encourage children being sent to school.
+There also comes such a time wherein you need to unlearn, for the benefit of all. There is a need to know of that thin and fine line that exists between acting smart and being smart.
+Do learn, to know when and how to unlearn.
+IV ~ Thou shalt think no twice to promote gender equality
+For life to exist and sustain, there needs to be a gender balance. Female infanticide in the name of abortion is one serious offence. No harm shall be done to any form of life, living within or outside the divine womb. As a Follower, promotions and write ups on Feminism, mainly for providing legal protection to women should be on the agenda. Equality among the various genders of this generation shall be a key priority to not only change but also save the world.
+Let gender inequality not corrupt life quality.
+V ~ Thou shalt go nowhere, but green
+Write no more on paper, save more trees. Followers should take up to the digitized format to showcase their creative write-up and wit. Movements like planting a sapling should be looked forward to, for a greener environment. Recycling of used-paper and plastics, shall not only save the trees and the environment but also end up saving water, oil and electricity. So as a responsible Follower, one shall go nowhere in the quest of a better living place but simply go green.
+Hold a sapling, to feel life. Do not forget, to plant it.
+VI ~ Thou shalt not ridicule gay rights
+Every individual has the right to live his own way, provided they don’t happen to influence other individuals with their opinion nor interfere with the way they want to live. An individual loving a man or a woman or both, shall not be discriminated or ridiculed for his/her in-born sexual orientation. The individual shall instead be looked upon as stable and encouraged to lead a normal life serving for the betterment of the society that we all live in. Followers need to support the kinds, whenever the need arises.
+Be gay (happy), for what they are.
+VII ~ Thou shalt keep tab on pollution and population
+For a peaceful mind to think strong and creative, fresh air is like the divine nectar. An awareness drive for a clean and pollution-free atmosphere needs to be on top of the Follower’s priority list. Talk to the people, write to them as well as for them, put up banners, support cleanliness and emission-check drives and be the reason, for a purer environment.
+For someone who loves the nature around them and wishes for its longevity, shall take into consideration precautionary measures whenever there’s a possibility of being overpowered by their own libido. The outburst in population causes a major imbalance in regards to the demand-supply equation and Followers need to embed this message into the minds of respective readers.
+Don’t let your pipe, smoke much.
+VIII ~ Thou shalt not refute fair justice and justified capital punishment
+For a crime that is committed, justice is to be delivered. And when that happens, Followers should not refute for the sake of it. Justice when fair shall be accepted as the final word. The delay in delivering justice, if any, needs to be made aware-of through the means of your intellectual creativity on your space so that no further uneasiness is caused to the people who have been the sufferers. On the other hand, no tax-payers’ funds are to be utilized to protect an offender.
+Capital punishment if justified for the crime shall be honored.
+Justice shall be powerful, so that powerful be just.
+IX ~ Thou shalt denounce social exclusion
+An individual is a social being and by no means shall he/she be excluded from exercising this right. So shall one think, on similar lines for every other individual. It is up to an individual and his/her ability to hold on to the readers, to see to it that no individual is subjected to any kind of alienation from the society that he/she lives or prefers to live in. It’s a challenge to the Follower’s skill of bringing forth such awareness, wherein there’s no place for differentiation based on a person’s social status, education, living standards, relationships, disability, gender, age and likewise.
+No matter what, you belong.
+X ~ Thou shalt endorse noble causes
+For an individual’s action, life in due time tends to take a full circle. For an individual to get anything fruitful and beneficial, he/she would be needed to do something similar or even better, much more in advance.
+Followers – do make it a point to support a good sensible cause, be it for the juvenile, the elderly or for the unprivileged.
+On your space, pin a banner or a badge of the organization you believe in.
+Believe in the art of giving and do endorse your Belief.
+XI ~ Thou shalt not practice racism.
+No matter how we look, how we are, what we do – we are all one and the same.
+Followers – make no discrimination based on the skin color, characteristics and abilities specific to the way in which the people are brought up in a particular environment. Though varied by looks, tone and thoughts, people are all alike and do stand to own their respect in the society that we all live in and are a part of. Do evangelize that living in harmony is beneficial than engaging oneself in the internal feuds over reasons that one need to be ashamed of in the first place.
+Take the lead. Win the race, to curb racism.
+XII ~ Thou shalt spread awareness on HIV/AIDS and Drug abuse
+There’s no bigger pain than the one self-inflicted due to the lack of awareness and care. The sources to get infected by deadly viruses like the HIV are many and you as a Follower have at your disposal a greater medium to make people aware, putting to use the best skill that you possess – thoughtful writing.
+Usage of illegal drugs no doubt makes an individual experience an unimaginable level of ecstasy and takes him/her to a point so high that the only way going forward is downwards. It’s your duty to propagate how the banned and illegal drugs of deadly nature like Cocaine, Opium, Marijuana and their likes are still exchanging hands in the world that we live in as well as on the measures needed to be taken to curb such illegal acts.
+Say NO to Narcotics.
+To a Follower, who blogs and publishes his/her views keeping in mind these 12 commandments – ‘Thou shalt one day, be Thee – Amen!’.
+Signed – Blogger Almighty
+Pushpee
+June 14, 2010 at 12:34 am
+Yes almighty, shall adher to your commandments…good work…cheers!!!
+Bedlam
+June 14, 2010 at 12:39 am
+Arre wahh.. this is nice.. bein Almighty feels gud eh?? 😛
+Arif
+June 14, 2010 at 2:38 am
+Almighty Sir, we surrender to your commandments! Superb post Sree!! Go Triber!
+Sudhakar
+June 14, 2010 at 7:54 am
+Oh Blogger Almighty, I bow to thee in appreciation. Well written mate. 🙂
+The Fool
+June 14, 2010 at 8:55 am
+Mark his words and set them in gold, all who are reading for the Blogger Almighty has spoken. good one shree, and very relevant for all bloggers. Go triber, go.
+Dishit
+June 14, 2010 at 10:25 am
+nice one Sree – you sure made it interesting!:) – and i agree to abide by the 12 commands of the Blogger Almighty! 🙂
+vibhuti
+June 14, 2010 at 12:22 pm
+Aaaila..Blogger Almighty I pay obeisance at ur blog!
+I promise to abide by the 12 commandments…Before that may I leave mighty praises at thy feet?
+😀
+OSUMnesss.
+ATB for BPL Super 5
+dmanji
+June 14, 2010 at 1:42 pm
+Blogger Almighty Tussi Great Ho!!! Your 12 commandments on head and eyes(you can translate to Hindi for the feel)…:D …
+Deepali
+June 14, 2010 at 3:45 pm
+hehehehe…. funny as usual 🙂
+btw, who’s d supreme power here?
+and kudos to the ‘diary age’!!!
+Phoenixritu
+June 14, 2010 at 6:03 pm
+Good one!!! I liked your commandments too, we should have collaborated 😛
+All the best for BPL
+Neha
+June 14, 2010 at 9:53 pm
+what commandments Sirji.. very well written and elaborated..good luck for BAT 🙂 do I see the defending champion shining once again? 🙂
+Sree
+June 15, 2010 at 1:33 am
+@ Pushpee,
+If you do that, then “Thou shalt one day, be Thee” 😉
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ Bedlam,
+Lol…oh who doesnt like to be treated divine? 😉
+love it 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ Arif,
+Those who surrender, shall rule their world 😉
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ Sudhi,
+Haha..thanks for the kind words buddy! 😀
+Sree
+June 15, 2010 at 1:36 am
+@ Karthik,
+haha…thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ Dev-D,
+Thanks da..tough it was though! 🙂
+@ VB,
+Lol…thats a little too much devotion… 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ D-man,
+lol…gave a good feel in hindi! 😉
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+Sree
+June 15, 2010 at 1:39 am
+@ Deepali,
+OMG (does this mean i am calling myself? 😛 ), this is funny? Did you read the 12 commandments? 😆
+Supreme power, for now is meee 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy!! 😀
+@ Ritu,
+Haha…sure, that would have been nice!! 😀
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ Neha,
+BAT nahi BPL ji 😛
+//do I see the defending champion shining once again// Uff…I dont mind 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+aaradhnak
+June 15, 2010 at 5:07 pm
+If Thou shalt think no twice for the treat
+‘Thou shalt one day, be pooraa Thee – Summa Amen!’. 😀
+Masttt ekdam 😀 lvoed the preachy language and the commandments of Almighty 😉
+Though the topic was farrrrrrr farrr different from what you write ( i mean bakwass 😛 ) complete juctice is done to it 😀
+All the best 😀
+Treat +1 😀
+Neha
+June 16, 2010 at 2:00 pm
+oh haan, BPL..sorry MA 😛
+Sree
+June 17, 2010 at 11:18 pm
+@ aaradhnak,
+haha…summa amen 😉
+haan re..thats why found it tough when it came to think n write…writing without the thoughts is like seeing god…no restrictions what so ever 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+@ NNnnnn,
+Lol…its ok 😛 hota hey hota hey 😛
+Pal
+June 19, 2010 at 2:04 pm
+If we follow your commandments, Almighty, the world would certainly be a nicer place to live in.. there would be more number of happy people and less violence all around 🙂 nice post 🙂
+Sree
+June 19, 2010 at 2:46 pm
+Nice to know you feel so…Thanks a lot Pal 🙂
+Priyanka
+June 21, 2010 at 3:07 pm
+Nice one Sree!!
+I was reading the 1st 2 commandments in the hope tht there must be some fun attached to it, but found things quite opposite!!
+A seriously good post from u!!! 🙂
+but 2 points tht reminded me of something..
+“Blogger Almighty reminded me of ‘Bruce Almighty’! 😛
+and //Thou shalt one day, be Thee // reminded me of Saas bhi kabhi bahu thi!! 😛 ”
+May be a print-out of this n pinned in the workstation vl help out following them seriously!!
+Keep writing! 🙂
+Sree
+June 25, 2010 at 9:29 pm
+Hey thanks a lot Pri 😀
+Kyunki saas eh? lol 😛
+Preethi
+July 18, 2010 at 10:32 pm
+oh..boy! How long did it take you to finish up this?? Pretty impressive list I should say.. Does the ‘almighty’ practice what he preaches ?:)
+Sree
+July 25, 2010 at 11:47 am
+@ Preetz,
+I got 4 days to write this, but i utilized only the last 2 days 😉
+Almightly has to time left after preaching 😛
+Thanks a lot buddy! 😀
+Ultra Low Latency Microwave Radio Systems Revolutionize HFT
+Already faster than the newest latency optimized fiber networks, disruptive microwave
+radio technology leads the race to light speed latency
+Already faster than the newest latency optimized fiber networks, disruptive microwave
+radio technology leads the race to light speed latency
+Gordon Moller, CEO, Cielo Networks, Inc.
+Low Latency Fiber Network Evolution: In response to latency sensitive trader demands for fast circuits, some telephone company and competitive access provider fiber network operators began to offer some low latency optimized circuit services between the New York City/New Jersey and Chicago financial centers. These circuits used the carriers’ existing fiber networks and switching centers; they simply optimized traffic routes along the most direct possible path available. This provided at best an incremental improvement in latency for trading firms.
+Realizing that HFT was growing and that traders would pay a premium for a faster, tiered low latency circuit offering, a new bandwidth services provider emerged that deployed a new dark fiber route along the shortest path they could achieve between NYC/NJ and Chicago. They also used the fewest possible latency adding digital regeneration sites in the network. Completed in the fall of 2010, the lowest latency tier of this service offered NYC/NJ to Chicago round trip latencies of only 13.3 milliseconds. Needing this speed to remain competitive, numerous trading firms signed long term bandwidth contracts with monthly fees that could be 8x – 10x higher than the slower regular fiber service circuits.
+While these fiber optic network latency optimizations did accelerate connectivity for HFT, the inherent physical limitations of fiber data transmission put a limit on achievable speeds across these networks. Foremost, digital light pulses in a fiber optic cable travel much slower than the speed of light in a vacuum (“c”), typically only 60% - 65% of light’s 186,000 miles per second speed. Additionally, zoning and topographical constraints such as mountains, lakes, rivers, cities and highways often prevent the fiber cables from being installed along the absolute shortest possible “great circle” path between two distant city endpoints.
+Installing any long haul fiber is costly, but installing dedicated “shortest possible path” fiber networks over many hundreds or thousands of miles is incredibly expensive as described above. Since few if any firms have the capital to build a private low latency fiber network exclusively for their own use, they were compelled to pay high initial contract commitments and very high monthly charges to the specialized low latency fiber network service provider. Even in spending so much to get on the service providers’ fastest circuits, the best an HFT firm can hope to achieve is some confidence in being just as fast as its trading competition.
+The Microwave Radio Low Latency Networking Revolution: The relentless drive to achieve a lower latency advantage in trading network data transmission has continued unabated. Even before the fastest new latency optimized fiber networks were completed, a number of astute HFT firms and consultants were investigating potential technologies that could transcend the transmission media speed limit imposed by fiber optics. If fiber could only achieve data speeds of about 2/3rds that of light in a vacuum, what technology and medium would support connectivity appreciably closer to that ultimate speed?
+The answer became obvious: light through the atmosphere – well, not light, but lower frequency electromagnetic radiation that also travels at very close to “c” in the Earth’s atmosphere – radio waves. Specifically, highly directional microwave
+Microwave radio technology has been used by governments and phone companies since the middle of the last century. In the 1960s AT&T’s Long Lines microwave network was the USA’s original long distance telephone network. It has evolved for decades into an ever more reliable technology. The vast majority of today’s worldwide mobile phone networks use digital microwave systems for network interconnection.
+Terrestrial microwave radio signals travel through the atmosphere near the earth’s surface at very close to the speed of light, approximately 1.5 times faster than fiber optics. This gives microwave networks a huge latency advantage over fiber networks of an equivalent distance – 5.38 vs. 8.44 microseconds per mile. And such long distance microwave networks paths can often be constructed closer to the shortest direct line path between the desired endpoints using mountaintops and existing or newly constructed radio towers as relay points. This further reduces overall network distance propagation latency.
+Additionally in their favor for HFT, microwave radio networks can typically be deployed much more rapidly and at a fraction of the cost of fiber networks. This can enable smaller trading firms to be latency competitive with larger firms with greater resources. And unlike buried fiber, truly a “sunk cost”, microwave radio systems can be moved and reused elsewhere should facility locations change in the future.
+Thus, microwave radio for HFT has five major advantages over fiber networks: 1) faster propagation speeds = lower transmission latency 2) typically shorter end to end paths = shorter transmission distances = lower latency 3) faster to deploy 4) cheaper 5) moveable/reusable.
+Microwave systems do have two disadvantages compared to fiber optic systems. First, microwave radios have significantly lower maximum bandwidth or data payload capacity due to their much lower frequency and longer wavelength. While modern long distance microwave radio systems can reliably support payloads of N x 100 Megabits per second, electromagnetic physics and regulatory limits on channel sizes precludes them from ever matching fiber optics’ 100+ Gigabits per second single carrier bandwidths. However, since many of the most time sensitive trading activities require relatively small data inputs and even smaller trade execution messages, microwave radio bandwidths are often sufficient for all but the continual, truly high volume broad global market data inputs used by HFT and other algorithmic traders. In this sense the technologies are often complementary for HFT best execution: very high capacity fiber optic circuits for continual timely receipt of mass market data, and faster but lower capacity microwave radio circuits for the speediest possible trade execution.
+The second disadvantage applies specifically to the number of repeater sites required for long haul intercity digital microwave radio networks. Microwave radios require line of sight from one antenna and radio terminal to the next, limiting typical maximum path distances to 30 – 50 miles depending on available frequencies, tower heights and mountaintop radio site elevations. This means that over hundreds or thousands of miles, a microwave radio network will require numerous relay sites where the signal is received, electronically processed (modem digital regeneration, forward error correction, etc.), and then retransmitted on to the next relay site. All that digital processing adds latency. Fiber optic networks require the same relay pit stops, but not as frequently over an equivalent distance since they are not line of sight limited.
+Despite the higher number of regeneration points, with a 1.5 X faster propagation velocity advantage, the parties investigating the possibility of microwave radio based HFT networks determined that radios with reasonably low latencies would allow HFT microwave networks to be significantly faster than even the fastest available fiber networks. The key next step was finding digital microwave radios with sufficiently low latency.
+By far the biggest global market for digital microwave radios over the last 20 years has been for mobile phone network interconnection. To address that market, almost all microwave radio systems on the market today have the extensive multiplexing, switching and routing functionality that cellular backhaul requires. All that elaborate digital processing – circuit add/drop, payload framing, buffering, robust forward error correction, etc. – adds hundreds of microseconds of latency to these radios, making them too slow for the needs of HFT networks. Conversely, any microwave radio vendor seeking to succeed in the nascent HFT application business would have to pursue software and hardware redesign or innovations that reduce the amount of latency intensive digital signal processing in their existing or new radios. Given that the HFT market for microwave systems is tiny compared to the huge global backhaul market, and only HFT needs ultra-low latency, so far it appears that the broader microwave radio industry has determined it makes no business sense to invest significantly in the innovation required to play in HFT networks. This seems especially so given the latency reductions already achieved by more nimble others.
+Enter Cielo Networks: The second major microwave product introduced since the company’s inception in 2006, Cielo Networks’ SkyLink CG system was not designed for the cellular backhaul application. It was instead designed to be a fairly simple, bandwidth scalable, and highly reliable point to point IP digital microwave system for enterprises, wireless ISPs, and government and military applications. The SkyLink CG modem unit’s compact size and efficient design resulted in a system latency that was considerably lower than other microwave modems. And that initial unimproved latency proved to be very attractive to those seeking microwave radios for HFT, as it could enable Chicago to NYC/New Jersey round trip latencies of <10 milliseconds, significantly lower than the fastest fiber circuit’s 13.3 millisecond round trip latency.
+As interest in the SkyLink CG from the HFT industry quickly increased in late 2010, Cielo Networks decided to make low latency optimized microwave systems the top priority of our product development effort. As a result, SkyLink CG has become the first microwave radio specifically engineered to minimize end to end circuit latency, and the central element in a series of innovations that have progressively increased its latency advantage over the fastest fiber networks and the few competing radio systems.
+So far, these SkyLink CG firmware and modular hardware innovation releases have provided the market’s first microwave radio system with digital relay site latencies of < 30 microseconds (Summer 2011), < 20 microseconds (Winter 2011/2012), and < 10 microseconds (Spring 2012). Cielo Networks’ resulting SkyLink CG ULL HFT network deployment successes include:
+· achieved Chicago to NYC/NJ round trip latencies of < 10 milliseconds
+· the first operationally effective HFT microwave network in USA
+· several subsequent HFT microwave network deployments in USA
+· the first operational HFT microwave network deployment in Europe
+· numerous additional HFT microwave radio network deployments in USA & EU underway or impending
+· maintaining a dominant market share position in HFT microwave deployments
+A generic example domestic ultra-low latency microwave network is shown below.
+These ultra-low latency microwave radio achievements will soon be complemented by the Q3 2012 release of the SkyLink Mercury system – the world’s first “smart” dynamically adaptive ULL microwave repeater system. SkyLink Mercury will integrate with existing SkyLink CG ULL radios to provide relay site latencies well below 1 microsecond. Cielo Networks has additional latency reducing innovations for the SkyLink CG in development.
+To insure their continued competitiveness, HFT firms must insure their vendors have a credible product roadmap for serially reducing their system latency. Cielo Networks has that roadmap and commitment, and has successfully achieved those technology innovations and accompanying system latency reductions time and again. Now offering the best and steadily improving end to end latency and greater cost-effectiveness, ultra-low latency microwave radio technology has become the must have solution for private HFT applications or HFT network service providers in this highly competitive industry. By far the ULL microwave market leader, Cielo Networks is faster than fiber, faster than other radios, and committed to staying that way.
+Friday, October 15, 2010
+Do We Need a Huge Military?
+By Alan Caruba
+In a recessionary era that promises to last longer than usual it is a good idea to reexamine our national priorities and needs. Ever since the end of World War Two, sixty-five years ago, more than two generations, America has militarily been a superpower.
+Despite that, it came as a rude shock to have been forced out of Vietnam in the 1970s and to have found ourselves in a lengthy occupation in Iraq and Afghanistan in this decade. With regard to these current conflicts, it is worth noting that, while we maintain a large military presence with a considerable arsenal of weapons, vehicles, and personnel, the enemy operates with quite a bit less while wearing out U.S. public support at the same time.
+The question today is do we need a huge military?
+Benjamin Friedman and Christopher Preble, both Cato Institute scholars, address this question in a policy analysis titled “Budgetary Savings from Military Restraint.” While I believe the U.S. should maintain a strong military, I have long harbored the concern that the U.S. military is too large for our actual needs.
+America entered a period of “empire” following World War II, expanding our military to involve bases throughout a world threatened primarily by the former Soviet Union that was seeking to expand communism. The threat was real and it was met in Korea. Our military strength deterred offensive missiles in Cuba. It was successfully challenged in Vietnam. It played a NATO role in Serbia to quell the violence there.
+It can be argued that our huge presence in Europe deterred Soviet ambitions and protected Japan and Taiwan against Red Chinese ambitions, but present global realities are such that European nations and South Korea should be playing a greater role in defending themselves, given their economic strength.
+The Middle East will likely be the scene of conflict for many years to come, but it does not pose a direct threat to the homeland and our presence there is more likely to exacerbate anti-U.S. views than reduce them. I have argued for military withdrawal from Afghanistan and, while we shall likely have to maintain a military force in Iraq for many years to come, the real problem posed by Iran is its quest for nuclear weapons rather than an invasion of other nations in the region. This is evidenced in its use of proxies such as Hezbollah and Hamas
+The Cato scholars argue that present U.S. military strategy should not include “the occupation of failing states and indefinite commitments to defend healthy ones.” The history of past empires amply demonstrates that their populations grew weary of this policy and that it often sapped their strength until failure set in.
+“With fewer missions, the military can shrink its force structure—reducing personnel, the weapons and vehicles procured for them, and operational costs. The resulting force would be more elite, less strained, and far less expensive. By avoiding needless military conflict and protecting our prosperity, these changes would make Americans more secure.” The Cato scholars project cuts that would total more than $1.2 trillion over ten years.
+“The United States does not need to spend $700 billion a year—nearly half of global military spending—to preserve its security.” Long ago, President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned against the “military-industrial complex” and there isn’t a politician since then has not argued against the shutting down of a military installation in their state while the procurement of new weapons systems has frequently been supported on the basis that it will generate more jobs.
+We have to begin to move away from such thinking, the product of the last world war, smaller wars since then and unfounded fears of invasion or attack. 9/11 was a terrorist attack by a small, stateless enemy and must be seen as such.
+Degrading the jihadist capabilities can be and is being accomplished at far less cost than maintaining large military forces in the Middle East. As the Cato scholars note, “Contrary to conventional wisdom, counterterrorism does not require much military spending.”
+Among the arguments put forth for high military spending is that the U.S. military primacy underlies global security, but the Cato scholars note that “During the Cold War, Japan, Western Europe and South Korea grew wealthy enough to defend themselves” and that “the threats to global trade today are quite limited.”
+“The United States confuses what it wants from its military, which is global primacy or hegemony, with what it needs, which is safety. Our leaders tend to exaggerate the capabilities of the enemies we have and invent new enemies by defining traditional foreign troubles—geopolitical competition among states and instability within them, for example—as pressing threats to our security.”
+There will always be threats to our security. No one suggests otherwise, but the failure to defend our southern border may be seen in retrospect as having been a far greater threat to our security than anything occurring elsewhere, farther from our homeland.
+The Middle East promises to remain unstable for a very long time to come, but we have seen that a huge investment in lengthy occupations may not yield any more real security than smaller, counterterrorism strategies.
+Even with the cuts proposed the U.S. can project more military power than any other nation and it is time to ask ourselves if new technologies have not in fact given us the opportunity to reduce a massive Navy, Air Force, and Army to achieve national security in a new world that has seen the end of the Soviet Union, the economic rise of China and India, among others, and the need to address our own present economic problems.
+© Alan Caruba, 2010
+Posted by Alan Caruba at 9:22 AM
+Labels: Counter-terrorism, Middle East, Recession, US economy, US Military
+8 comments:
+I've long believed that Japan, South Korea and what's now the Eurozone should take more responsibility for their security.
+As for the middle east, Russia is not threatened by Iran, and China's oil contracts are providing the money to support her aims of elimination of Israel and the "Return of the Mahdi" efforts all across the Islamic world. So who's going to restrain Iran?
+Otherwise? We have no national interest in the Balkans or the Eurozone, really. And from a national interest standpoint, the Chinese have more at risk in the Sumatran Straits than we do.
+While we might suffice with some system with fewer active duty personnel and more Active Reserve and National Guard types, I'd sure hate to see us revert to the condition in which we found ourselves in 1916 and 1941.
+This is all overly-simplistic, but I'm not gonna write a book. :-)
+Two points, one for both the column and the previous comment, one for the column alone. First Iran. Since there is no verifiable proof that I am aware of that they are doing anything differently then they are saying, WHY the concern about a nuclear weapons program that can't be proven to exist, and why mention it? Sounds like you do too much MSM after all. And of course, with the "enemy" having as many as 200 nuclear weapons of its own, do you really think they truly wish annihilation just so they can "smoke" Tel Aviv?
+The second and most unbelievable part is do you REALLY still believe that 9/11 was accomplished by 19 Muslims that couldn't even fly a Cessna, many of which are still alive in Saudi, when even airline pilots say there is no way they could have done it? I am shocked that you apparently believe that 30,000 gallons of jet fuel has enough heat in it to do the impossible. Do the math, I did. Even a full fuel load at impact, burned completely and transferred directly to the steel in the building, could not deliver enough heat to seriously compromise that much steel.
+@DryThoughts: It's one thing to be a contrarian and ignore facts, but to lack logic just makes it worse.
+History demonstrates that the leaders of a nation make threats against other nations, they usually mean what they say. To ignore them is to ask for a world of grief.
+@ Dry thoughts from the desert ... are you serious? Do you really think our own government planted explosives in the WTC to bring those buildings down or something? If so, I'm left speechless by your ignorance. Please don't write any books ...
+Being totally uninformed as to how much military we should have or what it should be composed of I do believe this. We must keep our military superiority in what ever form that may be. The foremost job of the Federal government is to protect the American people. As unfair and exasperating as it may seem we are the policeman of the world if only for our own protection. It is also our duty to stand up verbally if not militarily for all countries that embrace Democracy as Democratic countries don't try to bomb their neighbors into submission.It's a fine line and one that Americans want our leaders to adhere to but we cannot abrogate our responsibilities. Every time we've tried to be isolationist we've paid a heavy price. The next time might be a price no one wants to pay. We can well afford to not only have the most well equipped, well trained and most technically advanced military we have the duty to do so. Our government needs to get out of the nanny state control of its citizens business which would in itself pay for the military and protective measures we need to have as a country.
+@cabby: I am for a powerful military, but the point argued was whether our present military represents earlier conflicts as opposed to modern warfare.
+I also wonder on occasion whether we are or should be the world's policeman. I don't want to lose any soldier in Afghanistan anymore as I regard it to be as hopeless a place to wage war as the Russians discovered.
+So, yes, let's stay strong, but let's pick our fights, bring force to bear, and let the enemy clean up the rubble. Rebuilding nations is not a military task and never was one.
+Dry thoughts, you're definitely suffering from a water shortage. I don't recall saying boo-diddly about Iran and nukes. I'm just going by public pronouncements from the leadership there about the Islamic Crescent and the Mahdi and their obvious on-again, off-again war with Israel via their surrogate army, Hezbollah. That's not MSM, that's worldwide media which includes Al Jazeera.
+And, Dry, it's a serious case of water on the brain to think that 9/11 wasn't done by the people who were shown to be the Baddies. Too many of their good buddies have cheered the whole deal, and run their mouths about it big time. Bin Laden himself stated that the results were more than he anticipated from his plans.
+Aw, well. Tinfoil hattery is contributing to commodity price increases and making Alcoa and Reynolds good stock buys. :-)
+Alan,
+although I am truly a big believer in maintaining primacy in our war-making power, I too have been having some thoughts as to where we might make some cuts without reducing our combat power, should it be necessary to fight an unexpected war.
+One of the things we really need to take a look at is the huge and expensive garrisons we have maintained for the last 65 years in Europe and Japan, as well as South Korea for the last 57.
+we would suffer no loss of military power in reducing our footprint across the globe, and it would save untold billions of dollars. Now, the military would argue that we NEED those bases to insure that we can have an adequate response time in the event of some catastrophe (military or otherwise), but much of the personnel and equipment at those locations has either stayed put or rotated through our current two front conflict.
+While pulling back from these overseas garrisons would allow a reduction in manpower and hardware, we should be careful about putting ourselves into a position that would require playing catch-up if we were drawn into conflict with a major power. The U.S. has lost much of the manufacturing base that allowed us to quickly gear up and outproduce our enemies in WWI and again (and to a much larger extent) in WWII.
+We should strive to maintain a large, well equipped, globally capable military, but trim away the extras required to have a physical presence in so many places worldwide.
+Dry Thoughts from the Desert,
+I have asked the hospital to curtail your access to the internet until your medication is properly adjusted ;-)
+A “visionary” is recommending a new way of seeing “visions” of the Virgin Mary: stare directly into the sun. It works! Sort of.
+Zackey reportedly advised a Gauteng woman, Amal Nassif (37), earlier to look at the sun, and if she had faith, the Virgin Mary would appear.
+Nassif stared at the sun for about a minute and lost her sight.
+“I can’t seen anything. There is a large dark blind spot,” she was quoted as saying.
+I have a “vision,” too — if you hit yourself in the head with a hammer really, really hard, you’ll see Jesus! That makes about as much sense as Zackey’s. Who, by the way, is reported as being “happy”, and is “inundated with people seeking prayer and healing.”
+Evolution in action.
+This is too easy:
+If you shoot yourself in the head, you will also see Jesus.
+There’s an urban legend about LSD users staring into the sun and going blind. When the acidheads do it, it’s a reason to demonize the drug. Why isn’t this story a reason to send policemen into elementary-school classrooms, warning the children about the dangers of believing in the Virgin Mary?
+“When I was a little kid, my mother told me to never stare into the sun. So once when I was six, I did. . . .”
+They still burn witches in Gauteng aswell. Other than that it’s a great place to visit (but still nowhere near as good as The Cape).
+I’ve heard it said that if you stare into a dog’s ass long enough, you’ll see the Good Lord himself.
+Is anyone else pissed that there’s a 37 year old woman anywhere in the world who doesn’t know better than to look at the sun? Religion notwithstanding? That much ignorance… At some point I have to stop blaming religion and accept that people may really just be ~that~ stupid.
+When I was a kid, I used to stare at the sun until a green disk would appear over the solar disk — I’m not sure how long, but probably tens of seconds anyways. While my eyes suffer from the usual refractive errors (especially as I pass 50), no optometrist or ophthalmologist has ever noted signs of retinal burns. I don’t know why — maybe I only did this when the sun was dimmed by haze, or maybe I’m just luckier than I deserve.
+I have a small scar on my left retina that causes an ignorable defect in my vision. When I bother to try to “see” it, I fancy that it seems like a tiny halo with a misshapen dark dot in the middle. Now I realize I need to try harder, because it could very well be that I have a manifestation of the Virgin Mary and I’ve been missing it for many months.
+Hey, if she’s willing to do the tortilla circuit, why shouldn’t the Holy Mother make an appearance in my left eyeball? I feel blessed!
+Devout seekers are encouraged to send me money as proof of their faith.
+I saw a case of solar retinopathy in a seventeen year old in Louisiana 18 years ago. She was staring at the sun in this one particular town in Mississippi, where if you stared long enough, you would see… Jesus, or something.
+I remember her vision went from 20/20, to 20/30 for staring at the sun for minutes at a time. Not as bad as I would expected at the time, considering her Rx was zero. Maybe it was a miracle that it wasn’t worse.
+I’m thinking Eamon K, that you maybe you were somewhat out of focus, hence, minimal damage.
+Yeah, like Knight, I used to stare at the sun. A blue disk would cover it after a bit… I still have perfectly good vision. I thought it causing damage was just an urban legend…
+Wow. The succinctness of the writing is beautifully elegant. It’s almost poetry. Or a very, very, short short story.
+Or a Zen Koan.
+Actually it kind of reminds me of the Zen koan about the novice who imitated a senior monk by always raising his pinkie while drinking tea. The senior monk hearing of this asked the novice to tea. When the novice raised his pinkie the monk drew a sword and chopped the novice’s pinky off. The novice left to go to the infirmary and as he was about to leave through the door, the senior monk called his name. He looked and the senior monk drank his tea with a raised pinkie. At that moment, the novice monk achieved enlightenment.
+Director Danny Boyle and screenwriter Alex Garland went down the Sun = God pathway with their recent film “Sunshine” – in short the sun has turned off and our heroes’ and heroines’ mission is to drop a super-nuke (specially loaded with plot devices :-p ) into the sun to restart it. One character in the film is trying to stop them:
+“Do you believe in God? I didn’t either… but I found him, in the sunshine.
+“He told me to take us all to heaven, but how can I do that if you won’t let us die?”
+(He stared at the sun – through filters – until he became religiously psychotic, and decided to sabotage the mission and thus exterminate mankind.)
+The film hints that a few of the characters are seeing SOMETHING in the Sunshine, but they leave it up to the viewer to decide what.
+Mind you, as a powerful bringer of life and also bringer of death (under the right circumstances), perhaps the Sun is a logical thing to worship, if you are going to worship anything. Just don’t expect it to respond to your prayers any time soon.
+*giggles*
+If you jump off a really tall building, Jesus catches you about halfway down. I dreamed that God told me that, so it must be true.
+Sigh. Teh senseless tragedy. It burns.
+She should have stared at this instead.
+You’re all drawing the wrong conclusion! Zackey didn’t lie! The woman lacked faith! QUICK! Stone her to death!
+The first-timers were only seeking prayer.
+Wouldn’t you think there’d be plenty of time to see Jesus after you die?
+She is seeing the Virgin Mary. That’s what the black area is. The image of the Virgin Mary is being sensed by her optic nerves but the human brain is just not wired to be able to comprehend the full reality of the image and replaces it with a black spot.
+Or something.
+Beautiful.
+So if you see Mary’s true form you instantly go insane, unless Jesus is kind enough to numb your senses?
+I guess we should have been warned by the fact that she reproduces asexually.
+I seem to remember an outbreak of this sun-staring stuff at the Mother Cabrini shrine in Colorado a few years ago.
+hands up who’s willing to bet that this occurrence will have absolutely no effect on all the other sun-staring freaks.
+oh hey, i think i see something there… wait, crap. i haven’t seen the sun in about three months. maybe that’s the cause of my rampant atheism…
+damn lab work.
+Lepht
+“The SA Council of Churches (SACC) on Tuesday expressed doubt over claims by the teenager that she had seen the Virgin Mary.
+‘I doubt it very much… We know that people in desperate situations search for answers from God. The God that we know reveals himself in a meaningful manner,” said SACC general secretary Eddie Makue.
+‘Has this girl seen the Virgin Mary before? How did she know what she looks like?'”
+Meaningful manner? How does anyone who has claimed to have visions of the virgin know what she looks like?
+While it may be impossible to know what the virgin Mary actually looked like, all you have to do is see which way her breasts are pointing when you stare at the sun. I mean there really can’t be that many virgins who manifest themselves in the sun, right? ().
+Here in Spain, where saints reveal his faces in every stain, we have two recent cases of the same phenomena: A guy from Baza (called the Saint of Baza) ordered hundreds of people to look the sun to see the Miracle. Most of them do. Ten years or more passed, and the man is free of all charges.
+The other eye toaster was a lunatic called Carlos Jesus, that claims to be the incarnation of an ET/God. People looked too. Carlos is free.
+I wonder how much shamans and other holy guys used the sun this way to blind masses (in more than one sense).
+Here’s another report of the same incident. They interviewed the eye doctor, Percy Amoils, who diagnosed the retinal damage. Here’s the line that got me:
+I always enjoy a medical professional with a sense of humor.
+Akiane hears voices and sees images and speaks to God and Jesus. She is a child prodigy. at the time, she’ll always remember God’s first message to her. “He said, ‘You have to do this, and I’ll help you.’ He said, ‘Now you can help people.’ I said, ‘Yes, I will.’ But I said it in different words in my mind. I speak through my mind to:.”
+Or this:
+Akiane Kramarik is a fraud. She is worse that a freak. Read comments on her here:
+I’m reminded of this Onion news bit:
+Face Of Jesus Seen On Miracle Hippie
+EAST.
+#19
+And the third timers were seeking last rites.
+I’ve stared at the sun many times through a telescope, and my eyes are fine (except that I’m far-sighted). Of course, I used a solar filter each time.
+“Sigh. Teh senseless tragedy. It burns.
+She should have stared at this instead.”
+No, she just forgot the stencil.
+In the words of a great comedian:
+“I guaruntee if you hit somebody in the head with a stick hard enough, they’ll see any god you want them to.”
+Submit your Bio
+As part of the Latino Faculty Association's efforts to increase visibility of Latino faculty on campus, the LFA will include photos and bios of full-time faculty on the website. Please fill out the form below to share your information with the LFA and to be featured on the new site. If you have any questions, please contact lfa@ucmail.uc.edu.
+Join the Faculty Listserv
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+Andres Perez-Simon
+Associate Prof. of Spanish
+His second book is 'Despistemes': La teoría literaria y cultural de Emil Volek (antología de textos) (Madrid: Verbum, 2018). This volume contains fifteen essays in which the Czech researcher Emil Volek reflects in depth on different aspects of Latin American culture, especially the way in which it has been problematized by the intellectuals of the continent since the late nineteenth century and the way in which is taught today in the American academy under the supposed interdisciplinary paradigm of 'cultural studies'. The collection also includes a section specially dedicated to the destinies of literary theory from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day. Eight of the texts are published for the first time in Spanish, including five texts translated for the present volume by the editor Pérez-Simón, who also contextualizes Volek's work in the 60-page prologue that opens this volume. Available on Google Books.
+Prof. Pérez-Simón is currently completing the book-length manuscript Baroque Lorca: An Archaist Playwright fot the New Stage, under contract with Routledge.
+He was co-editor of the volume Structuralism(s) Today: Paris, Prague, Tartu (Ottawa: Legas Presss, 2009). He has published essays on world narrative, drama, film and literary theory. Some of his latest essays are: A Personal History of the 'American Hour' of Comparative Literature: Claudio Guillén in Conversation with Harry Levin, Conceptualizing the Hollywood Biopic, La ficción difícil: la escritura memorialista de Antonio Muñoz Molina, Manufacturing Authenticity: Anonymous Acting Celebrities in Atalaya’s Production of Lorca’s "The House of Bernarda Alba" (2009), Introducción a "La teoría de la Escuela de Praga", de Jirí Veltruský, The Concept of Metatheatre: A Functional Approach.
+He has published five book reviews: "The Discourse of Flanerie in Antonio Muñoz Molina's Texts" (Richard Sperber),
+Brianna N. Leavitt-Alcántara
+Associate Professor, A&S History
+McMicken Hall
+513-556-4478
+C. J. Bolech
+Professor, A&S Physics
+427 Geology-Physics Building
+513-556-0529
+Strongly Correlated Quantum Systems (SCQS): This includes many-body and quantum-field theories, quantum fluids, integrable systems, quantum information and tensor networks, non-equilibrium transport, mesoscopic systems, ultracold atomic gases and optical lattices, unconventional superconductivity, strongly correlated electrons (e.g., quantum impurities and heavy fermions).
+Main interests
+Prof. Bolech is an applied mathematical physicist working mainly on the domains of theoretical Atomic-Molecular-Optical and Condensed-Matter&Materials physics (TAMOP and CMMT, respectively). From a technical perspective, his present TAMOP focus is on the use of generalized coherent states, tensor networks and non-linear optimization; while on the CMMT side he is currently focused on bosonization, renormalization and entanglement. His main interest is on SCQS. Strong correlations are one of the main theoretical (viz. computational and mathematical) challenges of current frontier problems in many areas of physics; ranging from condensed-matter to atomic, nuclear and particle physics. For example, strong nonlinear behaviours can be found in numerous systems such as heavy fermions, high-temperature superconductors, organic conductors, or quantum wires and dots (to the study of all of which he has contributed). Bolech's work combines the use and development of different computational and analytic non-perturbative approaches. These are applied to problems like the realization of exotic superconducting states of matter in optical lattices, the interplay of mixed valence and multi-channel Kondo physics in heavy fermions and quantum dots, the quantum tunneling of particles in correlated mesoscopic systems, the dynamics of vortices in quantum condensates, or the sudden expansion of interacting atomic gases.
+Carlos M Gutiérrez
+Professor of Spanish, A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+726B Old Chemistry Building
+513-556-1845
+I work on a book about Cervantes and direct the Madrid Summer Program.
+Farrah Jacquez
+Associate Professor, A&S Psychology
+4150N EDWARDS 1 Edwards Center
+513-556-5124
+Isaac Peter Campos
+Associate Professor, A&S History
+320D McMicken Hall
+513-556-2527
+Leila Rodriguez
+Associate Professor, A&S Anthropology
+450 Braunstein Hall
+513-556-5783
+Affiliate faculty, Department of Africana Studies
+Affiliate faculty, Department of Romance and Arabic Languages and Literatures
+Affiliate faculty, Department of Sociology
+Affiliate faculty, Latin American, Caribbean, and Latinx Studies
+Collaborator, Central American Population Center (University of Costa Rica)
+I am a cultural anthropologist and demographer whose research centers on the local integration dynamics of migrants. A second line of research examines the use of culture as judicial evidence – in the form of anthropological expert testimony – in legal conflicts that involve immigrants and refugees.
+Regional interests: Central America, Latin America, U.S.
+Ligia C Gomez.
+Assistant Professor Educator , A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+719C Old Chemistry Building
+513-300-4396
+Trained as a psychologist and with a degree in fine arts from Colombia, South America, Ligia worked for six years in a health care as an educator and health advocate with the Hispanic population in Cincinnati prior to becoming a full time faculty in the Romance Languages and Literature Department. Ligia serves as a liaison with many different organizations in the community. She is currently involved with several professional groups that work to improve the living conditions of the Hispanic/Latino population. Presently she is Chair of the Greater Cincinnati Latino Coalition, and a founding member of the Latino Health Collaborative. Her particular areas of interest at the University include Service Learning and Spanish for Health and Social Services. Ligia's continued involvement in the local Health Care community helps her to provide the students with access to many different relevant experiences related to this undeserved population. Ligia is the Director of Certificate of Spanish for Service Learning in Social Work and Health Care Services and have been involved in the new Medical Spanish/Latino Health Elective at The school of medicine.
+Maria Paz Moreno
+Professor of Spanish, A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+709 E Old Chemistry Building
+513-556-1834
+As a poet, she has published nine books of poetry and has been included in several anthologies, among them Poetisas Españolas 1976-2001 (Ed. Torremozas, 2003), Mapa, Antología poética. 30 poetas valencianos en la democracia (Carena Ed, 2009), El poder del cuerpo (Ed. Castalia, 2009), and Nueva poesía alicantina (2000-2005) (IGA, 2016). Her bilingual poetry anthology From the Other Shore/ De la otra orilla was published in 2018 by Valparaiso Editors. Her most recent poetry book, Amiga del monstruo, was published by Ed. Renacimiento in 2020.
+Nicasio Urbina
+Professor of Latin American Literature., A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+714 Old Chemistry Building
+513-556-1838
+Noe T Alvarez
+Assistant Professor, A&S Chemistry
+418T Rieveschl Hall
+832-623-3451:
+Noris Rodriguez
+Educator Associate Professor
+My teaching style continuously evolves to improve my classes' immediate practical value, for the newer waves of students who are destined to engage with increasingly multilingual societies.
+Nuria Rocio Lopez-Ortega
+Educator Associate Professor, A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+716-B Old Chemistry Building
+513-556-1928
+Academic-related activities: writing collaborator and consultant for major foreign language publishing companies; dual-enrollment Spanish program mentor with local high schools; Spanish AP reader.
+Paula L. Silva
+Dr., A&S Psychology
+4150H EDWARDS 1 Edwards Center
+513-556-2397:
+Quintino Rodrigues Mano
+Associate Professor, A&S Psychology
+5130-C EDWARDS 1 Edwards Center
+513-556-5409
+Lab website
+Stephanie N Sadre-Orafai
+Associate Professor, Co-Director of the Critical Visions Certificate Program, A&S Anthropology
+448 Braunstein Hall
+513-556-3569.
+Her essays on casting, model development, and fashion reality television have appeared in several edited volumes (PDFs). She is currently working on her first book, tentatively titled Real People, Real Models: Casting Race and Fashion in 21st Century America, which examines the history of casting in the New York fashion industry, the rise of non-professional or "real people" models, and how modeling and casting agents produce models' bodies as forms of media, creating new articulations of mediation, visibility, and difference in the process. Building on four years of ethnographic fieldwork in the New York fashion industry, the book explores the political implications of how these new articulations are refracted through idioms of beauty, desirability, and justice.
+She is also working on a comparative project, Type by Design, that explores the overlapping concerns of inanimate (typefaces) and animate (models) type production in the commercial font and high fashion modeling industries in New York City. In both sites, there are tensions between visibility and invisibility, legibility and aesthetic nuance, and the management of lay and expert visions in producing culturally recognizable types and individual faces. Joining together ethnographic and archival research, she examines the mutually vivifying and dehumanizing dimensions of type production and what their professional practices can reveal about underlying changes in cultural ideas of “difference” and how they are visually encoded across time, technologies, and markets. This project extends her earlier comparative work on fashion and policing, where she examined the temporal dimensions of mug shots alongside casting photographs, and the spatial dimensions of street scouting and stop-and-frisk practices.
+She co-directs the Critical Visions Certificate, a joint effort between faculty in the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning and College of Arts and Sciences, which she established with Jordan Tate in 2011. The program is aimed at teaching students how to effectively combine critical theory and social analysis with art, media, and design practice. She co-edits CVSN, the experimental publication of student work from the program. Themes have included "space" (2013), "the future" (2015), "color" (2016), "surface" (2018), and "identity" (2020).
+Yurena Yanes
+Assistant Professor, A&S Geology
+520 Geology-Physics Building
+513-556-8449
+J. Mauricio Espinoza
+Assistant Professor of Spanish and Latin American Literature/Cultural Studies , A&S Romance & Arabic Languages & Literat
+710C Old Chemistry Building
+513-556-1578
+In addition to research, I write original poetry and translate the work of Central American poets (particularly the twentieth-century Costa Rican poet Eunice Odio).
+Tony P Chemero
+Professor of Philosophy and Psychology , A&S Philosophy
+McMicken Hall
+513-556-6324
+Hernan Moscoso Boedo
+Assoc Professor, LCB Economics
+LINDHALL
+513-556-5349
+C. Catherine Losada
+Professor of Music Theory, CCM Composition, Musicology & Theory
+4225L Emery Hall
+513-556-9567.
+Miguel A. Roig-Francoli
+Distinguished Teaching Professor of Music Theory and Composition, CCM Composition, Musicology & Theory
+4225J Emery Hall
+513-556-1821
+Roig-Francolí’s compositions have been widely performed in Spain, England, Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, Greece, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Canada, and the U.S., including a 2013 monographic chamber concert at Weill Hall (Carnegie Hall), and he has held commissions from the National Orchestra and Chorus of Spain, Spanish National Radio, Fundación Juan March, Rawlins Piano Trio, Institut Ramon Llull, and the Foundation for Iberian Music (CUNY). His compositions are published by EMEC, Piles, Fundación Juan March (Madrid), and Perennis Music Publishing. Among his many honors are first prize at the National Composition Competition of the Spanish Jeunesses Musicales (1981) and second prize at the UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers (Paris, 1982), both for Five Pieces for Orchestra; the Dean’s Dissertation Prize, Indiana University (1991); the Dana Research Fellow Award, Ithaca College (1992); grants from the US-Spain Joint Committee for Cultural and Educational Affairs, Spanish Ministry of Culture, Ithaca College, Northern Illinois University, and the University of Cincinnati; the Medal of Honor from the Superior Conservatory of Music of the Balearic Islands (2004); the University of Cincinnati’s A.B. "Dolly" Cohen Award for Excellence in Teaching (2007) and George Rieveschl Jr. Award for Creative and/or Scholarly Work (2009); 2010 Ramón Llull Prize of the Government of the Balearic Islands (Spain); the 2013 Distinguished Teaching Professor Award from the University of Cincinnati; and the 2016 American Prize in Composition (band/wind ensemble division).
+Flavia Maria Cunha Bastos
+Professor, DAAP School of Art
+4280D Aronoff Center
+513-556-2520
+Juan Antonio Antonio Islas Munoz
+Assistant Professor of Practice, teaching courses from the 1st to the 5th year of the Industrial Design program.
+He is currently the Head of Transportation Design where he leads multidisciplinary, future vision innovation projects that impact vehicles, city infrastructure, and how people live their mobility experience. He also leads the Industrial Design visualization and communication track of courses.
+During his period as a DAAP faculty, he has collaborated with companies such as General Motors, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Crown Lift Trucks, Boeing, P&G, Cincinati Children's Hospital, United Healthcare and AARP.
+Alicia Maria Cintron
+Assistant Professor Sport Administration
+Andrea L Buenano
+Assistant Professor Sport Administration, CECH Human Services
+436-D Teachers College
+513-556-1719
+Prior to her arrival at UC, she was a Sport Management Instructor at the University of North Florda. Dr. Buenaño has more than 12 years of sport industry experience that includes being a Division I student-athlete and working in professional sport, recreational sport, interscholastic athletics, Division II athletics and most recently Division I athletics at Penn State University.
+Dr. Buenaño oversees the majority experiential learning courses for the undergraduate Sport Admin program. Most recently, she is the recipient of the College of Education, Criminal Justice, and Human Services - Golden Apple Teaching Award Winner (2019-2020 & 2020-2021).
+Angel Añorga
+Associate Professor, UCBA Foreign Language
+M275G BA MUNTZ
+513-558-1467
+"If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart." Nelson Mandela
+"Literature is the expression of a feeling of deprivation, a recourse against a sense of something missing. But the contrary is also true: language is what makes us human. It is a recourse against the meaningless noise and silence of nature and history." Octavio Paz
+"Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school." Albert Einstein
+Liliana Rojas Guyler
+Associate Professor
+Health Promotion And Education, CECH Human Services
+460B Teachers College
+513-556-0993
+Dr. Rojas-Guyler has published and presented widely on minority health issues, particularly those relating to Latina health. Her research agenda includes determinants of health among vulnerable populations (e.g. people who have disabilities and immigrants), health behaviors, the influence of culture, and professional preparation needs of future health educators to address cultural appropriateness in health program planning. Her most recent research includes: a) assessing the health status changes over the last decade of Latinos in the Greater Cincinnati Area, b) assessing Disability Awareness and Self-Efficacy of Health Education students, and c) assessing the connection of Social Media Use, Body Image, Cultural Identity, and Exercise Patterns among African American and Latinos among other projects. Dr. Rojas-Guyler has published in Health Behavior, Health Promotion Practice, The Health Educator, the American Journal of Health Education, the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, Family and Community Health, and the Journal of Religion and Health among others. Dr. Rojas-Guyler is dedicated to inclusion of students in collaborative research teams. She is experienced in qualitative and quantitative evaluation and research, and is knowledgeable and proficient conducting program evaluation and continuous improvement.
+Dr. Rojas-Guyler is an active professional in her field. She serves as a reviewer for several professional journals and is a member of the editorial board for The Health Educator. She has worked at the national level with Eta Sigma Gamma, the national honorary for her profession, the Society for Public Health Education, and has held membership with several other organizations including the APHA, SOPHE & ESG among others. She has served the community and is currently a member of Interact for Health’s Community Involvement Committee and a research consultant for the Latino Community Health Status Survey (IH).
+Michael Odio
+Associate Professor
+Sport Administration, CECH Human Services
+436L Teachers College
+305-609-4014
+Alberto J. Espay
+Division Chief of Movement Disorders; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease Research Endowed Chair , COM Neurology and Rehabilitation
+2216 One Stetson Square
+513-558-4050
+Alessandro de Alarcón
+Director, Center for Pediatric Voice Disorders; Medical Director, Complex Airway Unit, COM Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery
+315 Childrens Hospital Bldg R
+513-636-2521
+Javier Gonzalez Del Rey
+Professor of Clinical-Affiliate, COM Pediatrics Emergency Medicine
+Childrens Hospital Bldg R
+513-636-7918
+Maria A. Calvo-Garcia
+Associate Professor of Clinical-Affiliate, COM Radiology Pediatrics
+Childrens Hospital Bldg R
+513-636-6696
+Maria H. Alonso
+Emeritus, COM Surgery
+Maria Fernanda Espinola
+Assistant Professor, COM Psychiatry Behavioral Health
+One Stetson Square
+513-558-7700
+Moises A. Huaman
+Associate Professor of Clinical, COM IM Infectious Diseases Division
+3112 UCMC-HOLMES
+513-584-5897
+Sadia Benzaquen
+Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, UC College of Medicine Director, Interventional Pulmonary
+Sergio Delgado
+Professor of Clinical-Affiliate, COM Psychiatry Affiliate Programs-CCHMC
+Childrens Hospital Bldg R
+513-636-8101
+Diego Morita
+Assistant Professor
+Childrens Hospital Bldg R
+513-636-5346
+Ana L. Hincapie
+Associate Professor, Pharmacy Hincapie Research
+361 Kowalewski Hall
+513-558-7808
+María I Ortiz Ph.D.
+Associate Professor Educator, UCBA Foreign Language
+267G BA MUNTZ
+513-558-7909
+She is teaching Spanish as a foreign language at the University of Cincinnati, Blue Ash College, leading courses focused on grammar and communication. She was inducted to the University’s Academy of Fellows in Teaching & Learning (AFTL) as a distinguished member of the Class of 2021. In 2020, she was awarded with the University of Cincinnati's Mrs. A.B. Dolly Cohen Award for Excellence in Teaching (the University’s highest level and honor that recognizes achievements and contributions to teaching -- and a student nominated award), as well as the recognition as Excellence in Teaching Awardee for the 33rd Annual Celebration of Teaching 2020 of The Greater Cincinnati Collegiate Connection Consortium (GC3). Also, Dr. Ortiz was recognized with the 2017 UCBA Innovative Teaching Award for implementation of the integration of mindfulness practices and technology for teaching Spanish language. She is a member of the UC Latino Faculty Association (LFA). Dr. Ortiz shared her love for literature by teaching English Comparative literature during the summer of 2019, as part of the expert faculty exchange at Xi’an International Studies University in Xi'an, China.
+In 2017, Dr. Ortiz led efforts to assist Puerto Rican college students with online courses after Hurricane Maria devastated the island. She worked with the University of Cincinnati's Provost Office and colleagues nationwide to recruit and develop Sagrado Online Collaborative, a network of Spanish-speaking professors who remotely taught students through the Universidad del Sagrado Corazón in Puerto Rico. Research and publications include cultural studies perspective(s) and literary theory to analyze the relationship and interactions between food, gastronomy, identity, Thirdspace, gender, performance and post colonial studies, as well as pedagogical strategies and activities for active learning classrooms.
+Her service work is committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion programs and practices, providing acknowledgement and support for the needs of underrepresented groups. She is a volunteer of the Mosaic Council Member of the Alzheimer's Association of Greater Cincinnati.
+David G.C. Madrid
+Assistant Professor, CC Foreign Language
+CC West Woods Acad Cntr
+513-558-8413
+This is a regular blog post. Please check our the other posts if you’re looking for show notes or links to show audio.
+The airshow season continues in spectacular form! I rolled out of bed (off of couch) this morning at 0930Z, ran through the shower, and headed out to Ray Community Airport (57D) in Macomb County. A very nearly perfect morning, cold and clear. And a beautiful airport to boot.
+An airport made even more beautiful shortly after 1200Z by the red-and-checkerboard flashes of the A36 Bonanza and the ethanol-powered MX-2 of the Fagan-sponsored Greg Poe Airshows team.
+I was on site this morning in connection of the Selfridge Airshow and Open House, which kicks off this Saturday and runs through Sunday. The base puts on a great airshow every other year and this is a show year. In addition to converting a lot of 100LL, and JP-8 (and ethanol this year!), the Selfridge show is an opportunity for the base to let the broad community around it inside the gates and show the folks what the armed forces stationed there do.
+Greg Poe is performing at the show and he and his team were kind enough to fly media rides. It was a primo opportunity. Greg’s team brings both the MX-2 show aircraft and an A36 Bonanza. The doors come off the Bonanza shortly after arrival and the photographers and videographers climb in, harness up, and shoot their respective riders getting a snootfull of precision aerobatics.
+The MX-2 is amazing. Shortly after I started tweeting about it, a couple of followers tweeted back about the aircraft, and rightly so.
+It’s an all-carbon airframe built to withstand +16G/-16G. A Lycoming IO-540 modified by Lycon Performance Engines hangs in the front, putting out 385 hp to pull the 1,350-pound airframe. It’ll roll 420 degrees/sec and has a Vne of 275 mph.
+And Greg is no wallflower either. He learned to fly in taildraggers in the Idaho back country at a young age and then became an instructor, primarily in tailwheel aircraft and specializing in aerobatics. He started performing in airshows in 1992 and was performing full time after that, hitting 15 to 25 airshows and events each year. And, talk about dream jobs, he was the production test pilot for Aviat Aircraft in Wyoming, test flying each Pitts and Husky as it came off the line.
+He has time in the MiG-15, the B-17, and the F-15, F-16, and F-18 fighters. He’s also one of the very few civilians ever to ride with the USAF Thunderbirds during a full demo. He rode with Thunderbird 4 in an F-16D in the slot position.
+He’s sponsored by Fagen, Inc., a green energy designer and builder in Granite Falls, Minnesota specializing in ethanol and wind power. The MX-2’s engine is modified to burn ethanol and it’s the only aerobatic aircraft on the airshow circuit that burns ethanol in its performances.
+We showed at 8:00 and stepped around 1:00. Selfridge had a great turnout of media for the flights and I went up on the fifth ride. Really nice to see a good media turnout for this event so Selfridge gets good press. It’s also spectacular that Greg did the rides on a Wednesday, allowing lots of time for the deadline-driven media to get material in print or on the air well prior to the show to maximize the buzz.
+I was lucky enough to have two CAP squadron mates along to shoot stills and video. In their non-CAP capacities, of course, but it’s still all about being a part of the aviation tribe. Jason Schroeder shot the stills and Mike Murphy shot video for my ride and also took stills from the front seat of the Bonanza for the Free Press rider. This post features Jason’s images and the video episode will feature Mike’s video.
+We took off in trail (Ray is 2,500 x 60, so a formation launch wasn’t really an option) and formed up to the north of the airport. A really good set of air-to-air passes, including knife-edge, inverted, rolls, and a high-speed pass directly below the Bonanza. Then the loop and some vertical rolls to a reversal.
+The vertical rolls were spectacular. It’s the most hang time I’ve ever experienced in an aircraft. I know that the airplane probably didn’t truly helicopter in the vertical with my 210 pounds in the front seat, even with minimum fuel. But it sure felt like it. I didn’t have the presence of mind to look over at the horizon (not that I could have guessed from the horizon when we started to peak), but the sight of the prop up there in front of my nose was awe-inspiring. This massive barn-door-bladed Hartzell prop up there just clawing at the air, refusing to accept a receding VSI for an answer.
+Every ride (or other flight for that matter) has a moment for me when the noise and the stress and the workload just recedes and I get a moment to just think about one thing. That was my quiet little moment up there. Looking up at the blue sky through the violence of that monster bird shredder and experiencing in the air that phase of flight that I love so much from the ground.
+The pulls were a lot of fun. The pull at the beginning and end of the loop and the pull to vertical for the vertical rolls in particular. We peaked at +6.5G/-1.6G. (Yeah, they mount a G meter in the front cockpit so you can see it!) I had my AGSM down pat and am proud to say that I had no problem with that dose of Vitamin G. I have pitiful upper-body strength, but monster thigh and calf muscles that are apparently pretty good at resisting the blood that wants to escape from my melon at high G loads.
+This was my second time on a formation shoot. No flies at all on Billy Werth and his Pitts S-2C, but the visibility was much better in the MX-2. I love acro, but it’s even more fun to do it near, and around, a photo ship. It’s mush more three-dimensional visually and you have a better sense of your speed and maneuverability. Nothing wrong with the sky and ground swapping positions rapidly in the window, but a barrel roll over another airplane is just more of a barrel roll. Does that make sense?
+Approaching the photo ship from behind, from above, from abeam. Doing it with a 60+ -knot closure rate and watching the photo ship go from gunwale to gunwale in the canopy in seconds. That’s just amazing.
+And listening to Greg and DO/photo-ship-pilot Dax Wanless coordinate the flight on the radio was cool, too. Counting down to the maneuvers. Exchanging lead responsibilities as effortlessly as I might exchange the controls of a C-172 with Jason. Real professionalism and real safety culture, that.
+After the shoot, the Bonanza headed back and Greg and I broke off for a bit of free acro. I got a demonstration of the roll rate of the aircraft, which was amazing. Pull up a little and then just crank the stick over and watch it get darker and lighter in rapid succession. No, you don’t have the presence of mind to think of the horizon turning. It’s dark-light-dark-light-dark-light and then it’s 2.6 seconds later. And your head is trying to figure out where your torso went. (And Greg is sitting back there smiling with a coordinated head and torso, even though this is sortie no. 5 for him for the day and he just had lunch.)
+I was pretty happy about the way I handled the inverted flight. I had more the sense of handing from my chest than from the tops of my shoulders and the inverted phase (which sometimes does my stomach in) was to problem at all.
+The rolls, on the other hand, were really disorienting. That’s good, mind you! This is one of the reasons that I explore the envelope.
+I had been up in the Super-D four days before flying acro with Barry for the first time since the T-6A ride in May and I lasted a pitiful 20 minutes. Acro tolerance is a genuine use-it-or-lose-it proposition. I did great with the other maneuvers, but the high-roll-rate stuff set off an insurrection in my vestibular system.
+So Greg called Dax and told him we were coming back in. I took a little bit of ribbing from Mike and Jason about coming back in so quickly after we broke off for the free acro, but that’s okay. Time is the Kryptonite. For acro tolerance, for flight proficiency, and for lots of other stuff. A worthy reminder and worth the figurative elbow in the ribs.
+Get out to the Selfridge show this weekend! The Selfridge Air Show & Open House will be Saturday-Sunday, Aug. 22-23. The gates will open both days at 8 a.m., with the flying starting both days around 10 a.m. Among the highlights of the show will be a aerial demonstration by the US Air Force Thunderbirds. I’m planning to be there volunteering and I hope to see you there!
+The 127th Wing at Selfridge is home to two flying missions of the Michigan Air National Guard, serving Air Combat Command and Air Mobility Command. The 127th Wing is also the home unit of the 107th Weather Flight, Air Force Special Operations Command. In all, Selfridge is home to more than 20 tenant units from all branches of the military, the Coast Guard and Border Patrol.
+More about Greg Poe Airshows:
+More about Fagen, Inc.:
+More about the Selfridge Airshow and Open House:
+More about Selfridge ANGB:
+
+PITUITARY GH SECRETORY PATTERN in humans and other species is highly pulsatile. In rats, this pattern is sexually dimorphic; males have regular high-amplitude pulses and relatively low interpulse growth hormone (GH) levels, and females have lower amplitude pulses and higher interpulse levels (11). These gender-specific patterns of GH secretion in rats are independent regulators of GH bioactivity. For example, pulsatile GH is more effective than continuous GH infusion in stimulating somatic growth (9, 16) and muscle and growth plate insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I mRNA (16, 17). In addition, the expression of some P-450 cytochromes (CYPs) is highly sexually dimorphic in rodents, and a gender-specific GH secretory pattern, not sex steroids, regulates many of these differences (7, 49, 50). For example, the male pattern in rats increases hepatic expression of the male-specific P-450 steroid hydroxylase CYP2C11, whereas the female GH pattern of more continuous GH release stimulates the expression of the female-specific CYP2C12 (50). In rats, GH secretory pattern also controls apolipoprotein levels (34, 41), major urinary proteins (15), and hepatic carbonic anhydrase III (21). Similar gender-dependent effects of GH are found in mice (20, 22, 32) and hamsters (40, 42).
+Whether the pattern of GH secretion plays a role in the regulation of human growth and metabolism is unclear. Equal daily doses of GH administered either as continuous infusion or as intravenous boluses every 3 h for 24 h were equipotent in inducing a rise in plasma IGF-I (24). Laursen et al. (29) reported that GH administered as a continuous subcutaneous infusion or intermittently had similar effects on serum concentrations of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and lipoproteins and on insulin sensitivity (29). However, once a day, subcutaneous GH administration does not reproduce the highly pulsatile GH profiles found in normal men and women.
+Parallels between human and rat physiology suggest that GH pulse pattern could play a role in regulating GH effect in humans. As is true in rats, humans have gender differences in the ability to metabolize drugs. Women metabolize caffeine (3-demethylation by CYP1A2) more slowly than do men (4, 36). The observations that GH deficiency results in a rise in the 3-N-demethylation of caffeine, as measured by the caffeine 13CO2 breath test (CBT), and that GH therapy decreases CBT (30) suggest that GH plays a role in the regulation of CYP1A2. A fall in CBT occurs during puberty (26), a time during which total GH and GH pulse amplitude dramatically increase; this further supports a role for GH in CYP1A2 regulation.
+In contrast to the observations with caffeine, women appear to metabolize erythromycin faster than do men, suggesting higher activity of the CYP3A4 (47). GH also plays a role in the regulation of CYP3A4. In vitro, GH increased CYP3A4 expression in primary hepatic cells (31). In vivo, intramuscular or subcutaneous GH treatment increased antipyrine metabolism, which is mediated, in part, through the CYP3A family of enzymes (5, 38). In preliminary studies, we observed that this gender difference was not a function of estrogen, that CYP3A4 activity was high in patients with acromegaly, and that CYP3A4 activity increased in men who were treated with GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) every 2 h for a week (48). However, we were not able to determine whether the increase during GHRH treatment was attributed to GH in general or, as seen in the rat, to a particular component of the GH secretory pattern. We (18) and others (44, 51) have demonstrated that GH secretion in adults is sexually dimorphic. Women have more continuous secretion of GH (18), and this provides a conceptual framework for potential gender-specific effects of GH. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether the pattern of GH delivery influences metabolic parameters in humans. We evaluated the effects of 1-wk treatment with equivalent doses of pulsatile or continuous GH on IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and markers of bone metabolism and on CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activities.
+The study was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board and the General Clinical Research Center (GCRC) Advisory Committee. All subjects signed informed consent documents before participation. Nine patients (4 men, 5 women) with GH deficiency were recruited from the University of Michigan Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics. All had onset of GH deficiency during or after puberty, and none had been previously treated with GH. Each subject had documented GH deficiency, with peak GH concentration during an insulin tolerance test of <3 µg/l and had at least one other pituitary hormone deficiency. Seven of nine subjects had a pretreatment serum IGF-I concentration that fell below the lower limit for the age-adjusted normal range, and IGF-I concentration in five subjects was below 80 ng/ml. All subjects with hypothyroidism were on stable doses of levothyroxine and had normal free thyroxine concentrations. Subjects with adrenal insufficiency were on stable physiological replacement doses of hydrocortisone. All subjects were on sex hormone replacement before participation in the study. Gonadal steroid replacement was changed to transdermal sex steroid patches [Androderm (SmithKline Beecham, Philadelphia, PA) 5 mg daily in men, and Vivelle (Novartis, Summit, NJ) 0.05 mg twice weekly in women] at least 2 wk before the first GCRC admission and then continued until the completion of the study. The subjects were given a caffeine-free standardized, weight-maintaining diet that did not alter CYP3A4 levels.
+Each subject was admitted for four studies. Protocol 1 was a baseline study during which time no GH treatment was given. Protocols 2-4 were subsequently performed in random order, and there was at least a 1-mo washout period between each study. Protocol 2 consisted of 80% of the daily GH given as an intravenous bolus at 0100 and two 10% boluses at 0900 and 1700 and was designed to mimic "male" pattern GH secretion. Protocol 3 was designed to mimic "female" GH secretion and consisted of eight equal boluses every 3 h. Protocol 4 consisted of continuous intravenous GH infusion with the use of a MiniMed model no. 404-SP infusion pump (MiniMed Technologies, Sylmar, CA). The GH boluses and the GH infusions were administered through an indwelling antecubital cannula. The total daily dose for each study was 0.5 mg/m2 and was based on published estimates of daily GH production rate (51). The stylized patterns of delivery were derived from our previous studies on gender differences in GH secretion (18).
+The subjects were admitted on the evening of day 0. At 0800, day 1 and day 7 (day 4 in protocol 1), serum samples for IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and osteocalcin were obtained. A 24-h urine for deoxypyridinoline cross-links (Dpd) and creatinine was collected starting at 0800 on day 7 (day 4 in protocol 1). During this same time period, blood was sampled every 10 min from an indwelling antecubital venous catheter for the assessment of 24-h GH concentration profile. CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activities were quantified by CBT and erythromycin breath test (ERMBT), respectively, at 0800 on day 8 (day 5). The CBT was performed by measuring 13C in exhaled breath sampled every 20 min for 3 h after administration of oral [13C]caffeine (45). ERMBT was performed by measuring 14C in exhaled breath for 20 min after administration of intravenous [14C]erythromycin (45, 46).
+GH was measured by a sandwich chemiluminometric assay with detection limit of 0.01 µg/l, as previously described (19). All samples for a given subject were run in the same assay. Total serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and osteocalcin were measured using commercial ELISA kits (Diagnostic Systems Laboratory, Webster, TX). Urine Dpd was measured by a competitive enzyme immunoassay (Pyrilinks-D; Metra Biosystems, Mountain View, CA). All samples for a given subject were run on the same ELISA plate. The intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for each analyte was <10% at the measured concentrations.
+Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to determine the effects of the GH treatment regimens on a measured parameter (SuperAnova; Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA). When a treatment effect was found in a primary analysis, post hoc testing was performed by contrasts. P values for all ANOVA and contrasts were corrected for the repeated measures by Huynh-Feldt adjustment factors. Data having unequal variance were logarithmically transformed before analysis. Results are reported as means ± SE, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
+Figure 1 shows the mean 24-h GH
+profiles for nine subjects during the four stages of the study.
+Daily mean plasma GH concentration was 0.09 ± 0.05, 1.58 ± 0.11, 1.35 + 0.12, and 1.83 ± 0.20 µg/l for
+protocols 1-4, respectively (Fig.
+2). By ANOVA, all GH treatments increased mean plasma GH above baseline daily GH (P < 0.0001). Mean daily GH during protocol 4 was greater than
+during protocol 3.
+The effects of the GH treatments on serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are shown
+in Figs. 3 and
+4,
+respectively. By ANOVA, there was a treatment effect for
+IGF-I (P < 0.0001), and all GH treatment protocols
+significantly increased IGF-I above the baseline concentration (P < 0.005 for each). Moreover, serum IGF-I
+concentrations were higher in protocols 3 and 4 than in protocol 2. Similarly, there was a treatment effect
+for IGFBP-3 (P = 0.001), and all treatments increased
+IGFBP-3 above the baseline concentration. Continuous GH (protocol
+4) was significantly more efficacious than protocol 2 in increasing IGFBP-3 (P < 0.05).
+The effects of the GH treatments on bone formation were measured by
+serum osteocalcin. Serum osteocalcin on day 1 of each protocol was similar (20.8 ± 4.2, 21.0 ± 3.1, 18.8 ± 3.7, and 22.4 ± 4.5 ng/l for protocols 1-4,
+respectively; P = 0.64). There was a treatment effect
+(P = 0.015) such that serum osteocalcin concentrations
+on day 7 of each GH administration protocol were higher than
+serum osteocalcin at the end of the baseline study. Although the order
+of the three GH treatment protocols was randomized, and serum
+osteocalcin on day 1 of protocols 2-4 was
+similar, there was concern for carryover effect from previous GH
+treatment (3). To adjust for this potential confounding
+factor, an "adjusted osteocalcin" was determined by subtracting
+serum osteocalcin concentration on day 1 from the
+concentration measured on day 7 of each study (Fig.
+5). Repeated-measures ANOVA again
+demonstrated a treatment effect (P = 0.016). During the
+baseline study, there actually was a decline in serum osteocalcin
+between days 1 and 4. In contrast, during the GH
+treatment protocols, there was no decrease in osteocalcin during each
+study, and the adjusted osteocalcin was significantly greater in
+protocols 2 and 3 than at baseline.
+Figure 6 shows the effects of treatment
+on Dpd, a marker of bone resorption. Again, there was a
+treatment effect (P = 0.05). The urinary
+Dpd-to-creatinine ratio was similar in protocols 1 and
+3 but increased and decreased by ~25% above and below
+baseline in protocols 2 and 4, respectively. The
+difference between the Dpd-to-creatinine ratio for protocols
+2 and 4 was the driving force for the observed
+treatment effect in the ANOVA.
+GH treatment also significantly affected CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activities.
+As shown in Fig. 7, there was a treatment
+effect on CBT (P = 0.04), and all GH treatments tended
+to decrease CBT below the baseline value. This difference was
+significant for protocols 2 and 3, and there was
+a trend to lower CBT in protocol 4 (P = 0.10). The effect of GH ERMBT is shown in Fig.
+8. There was an overall treatment effect
+(P = 0.01), and, again, the effect of GH was dependent
+on the pattern of administration. There were trends for lower ERMBT
+during protocols 2 and 3 compared with baseline
+(P = 0.1 and 0.2, respectively). Continuous GH
+(protocol 4) resulted in significantly higher ERMBT than at
+baseline (P = 0.03) or during either of the two
+protocols in which pulsatile GH was administered (P = 0.002 and 0.006 for protocols 2 and 3, respectively). This corresponded to an average increase in ERMBT of 51 and 35% for protocols 2 and 3, respectively, vs.
+protocol 4.
+By unpaired t-tests, there was no gender-related difference in any parameter during protocol 1 (baseline). Repeated-measures ANOVA with one between-group factor (gender) was performed on each of the data sets to determine whether sex steroids made a difference in the treatment group responses. No gender effects were found.
+Gender-specific GH secretion is an important determinant of the metabolic and somatic actions of GH in rodents. The present study demonstrates for the first time that several GH-sensitive end points in humans are regulated by different components of GH exposure. These observations have important implications with regard to our understanding of human GH physiology and replacement therapy.
+After the groundbreaking animal studies demonstrating the importance of GH pulse pattern as a tissue-specific regulator of IGF-I biosynthesis and of hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes, several attempts were made to assess whether the same was true in humans. Jorgensen and colleagues (23, 24) could not find a difference between the effects of continuous GH infusion or eight intravenous boluses on IGF-I, IGFBP-3, or serum lipids. More recently, Laursen et al. (29) reported that 6-mo treatment with continuous or daily subcutaneous GH had similar effects on IGF-I and IGFBP-3, bone metabolism, body composition, insulin sensitivity, and lipoproteins. Thus it is currently assumed that the pattern of GH pulsatility, whereas important in rodents, is not important in humans. Our study, however, proves that GH pattern does play a role in determining GH effect in humans.
+There are several simple explanations why previous studies failed to detect the differences. The first reason is the duration of some of the previous negative studies. In the studies from Jorgensen and colleagues (23, 24), GH-deficient patients received GH for only 20 h. An increase in serum IGF-I concentration occurred within 6 h of beginning GH treatment, and IGF-I was still increasing when the GH treatments were stopped. The effect on IGFBP-3 was much slower, and a measurable increase in IGFBP-3 did not occur until ~20 h after GH treatment was begun. In contrast, our subjects were treated with GH for 1 wk. We achieved steady-state GH concentrations with the GH infusion, which was not the case in the earlier study. One week of treatment should also have allowed us to achieve IGF-I and IGFBP-3 steady-state concentrations.
+Steady-state effects were reached in a recent study that compared the metabolic effects of 6-mo treatment, using continuous GH, with daily subcutaneous GH (29). The authors concluded that GH effects in humans were not dependent on a pulsatile pattern. This conclusion, however, is based on the assumption that daily subcutaneous GH administration is an appropriate way to approximate endogenous GH secretion. The GH concentration profiles obtained with subcutaneous GH are relatively flat and of long duration (25), rather than the normal, highly pulsatile pattern found in normal men and women (18). Moreover, the nadir concentrations of GH in the study by Laursen et al. (29) were not formally reported; they did not appear to reach the very low interpulse GH concentrations obtained with our intravenous boluses. Therefore, although this study was of adequate duration, the protocol used did not truly address the selective effects of GH pulse pattern, since subcutaneous GH injections are a better approximation of continuous GH exposure than of endogenous GH pulses.
+A third and most important limitation of the earlier studies was the primary end point measured. In rats, both continuous GH and pulsatile GH are equally efficacious in increasing hepatic IGF-I mRNA and protein (16, 17). Therefore, failure to see an effect on systemic IGF-I in either earlier or the present studies does not indicate that GH pulse pattern plays no role in human physiology. Rather, it suggests that the rat is an appropriate model for humans with regard to GH effects on hepatic IGF-I production. Other GH-sensitive end points could be responsive to pulse pattern.
+In contrast to the pulse pattern-independent effect on hepatic IGF-I production, several constitutively activated CYPs in rats are regulated by GH pulse pattern (33). In this study, we examined the role of GH pulse pattern on human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity. These enzymes are central to the metabolism of a large number of xenobiotics and to the bioactivation of procarcinogens (28). Differences in their levels of expression might contribute to gender differences in susceptibility to the toxic effects of many medications (2). As discussed earlier, limited data have implicated a role for GH in the regulation of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity.
+All GH treatments decreased CBT, although the effect tended to be greatest with pulsatile GH administration. This fall in CBT during GH treatment is consistent with the decrease in CBT at puberty (26). Whether the small difference in CBT between pulsatile GH (protocols 2 and 3) and continuous GH (protocol 4) is of physiological significance is uncertain. In normal adults, CYP1A2 activity is higher in men than in women (2, 28). As discussed below, protocol 3 is likely to be more representative of normal GH secretion in men, whereas protocol 4 represents GH secretion in normal women. Therefore, CBT might be expected to be higher in protocol 3 than in 4. Although it is clear that GH per se decreases CBT, more studies are needed to determine whether the patterns of either exogenous GH administration or gender-specific GH secretion differentially regulate CYP1A2 levels.
+The ERMBT data provide compelling evidence for the importance of GH pulse pattern in the regulation of other important metabolic pathways. Only the continuous GH infusion (protocol 4) increased ERMBT, whereas pulsatile GH in protocol 2 tended to decrease ERMBT. Although changes in ERMBT could reflect an effect on P-glycoprotein (27), we believe that it most likely indicates changes in CYP3A4 regulation (31, 39). Because ERMBT decreases with increasing erythromycin volume of distribution, and GH treatment of GH-deficient adults increases total body water (8), the difference between baseline and protocol 4 ERMBT likely underestimated the magnitude of the GH effect on CYP3A4 activity.
+We had previously reported that ERMBT was higher in women than in men (47) and that ERMBT was high in acromegaly patients (48), a state of continuous GH exposure. In addition, we noted that ERMBT increased in middle-aged men treated with GHRH every 2 h for a week (48). Because plasma GH concentrations during GHRH treatment never fell below 0.5 µg/l (19), the subjects effectively had continuous GH exposure. This last explanation fits best with the data from the present study. Similarly, the demonstration that subcutaneous GH treatment increased antipyrine metabolism (5) suggests that subcutaneous GH administration approximates tissue exposure to continuous, not pulsatile, GH.
+Presumably, this differential regulation in humans is similar to what occurs in rats. Regulation of constitutively expressed rat CYP by GH pulse pattern has been extensively investigated (33), and GH-mediated control of the signal transducer and transcriptional activator STAT5b is central to many of these gender-specific GH effects (6, 10, 35, 43). Pulsatile or continuous GH increases or decreases STAT5b activation, respectively (12, 13, 50). Whether gender-specific GH patterns are involved in STAT5b regulation of human CYPs has not been studied.
+The pattern of GH administration also differentially affected markers of bone metabolism, with parameters of both bone formation and resorption increasing more after pulsatile than after continuous GH infusion. These results agree with data demonstrating that pulsatile GH is more potent than continuous GH in stimulating IGF-I message and growth in cartilage and bone growth in rats (9, 16). The reason for a decrease in serum osteocalcin between the first and last days of protocol 1 is not clear. Potentially, this fall is related to a relative decrease in physical activity, as the subjects were at bed rest for much of the day. It will be important to verify this decrease in subsequent studies and interpret data from periods of GH treatment accordingly.
+In clinical practice, subcutaneous GH administration, which does not give a sharp serum GH pulse, accelerates linear growth in GH-deficient children. However, many of these children fail to achieve their target midparental height. This could be due to an irreversible loss of growth potential resulting from late diagnosis of GH deficiency, an inadequate daily GH dose, or non-GH causes, such as sex steroid deficiency. Alternatively, the manner of GH delivery to the tissue might be important. In support of this, positive growth in normal children correlated best with GH peak height (1). Our data suggest that pulsatile pattern of GH treatment might be optimal for bone development and subsequent growth. Therapeutic modalities producing rapid, transient, and high GH pulses might be more efficacious in restoring linear growth in GH-deficient children.
+A major aim of the study was to determine whether gender-specific GH secretion patterns resulted in different peripheral effects of GH. Men have small daytime pulses with pronounced nocturnal augmentation of GH, whereas GH pulses in women are more uniform in size, and nocturnal augmentation of GH secretion is less extreme (18). Perhaps most importantly, we (18) and others (14, 51) have shown that tissue exposure to physiologically effective concentrations of GH is more constant in women than in men. GH concentrations in normal women fall below a cutoff of 0.25 µg/l for only 20% of the day, whereas they are below this value for over 50% of the time in men (18). On the basis of data from GH-deficient subjects, GH concentrations below 0.25-0.5 µg/l are likely to be minimally effective (37). Our patterned GH treatments resulted in GH concentrations below this cutoff 89, 78, 54, and 0% of the day for protocols 1-4, respectively. Protocols 2 and 3 were designed to represent the idealized versions of male and female GH patterns, respectively. However, on the basis of the duration of time during which GH concentrations fell below the 0.5-µg/l cutoff, the true male pattern is likely closer to protocol 3, whereas the true female pattern is closer to protocol 4. Moreover, the nocturnal GH pulse in protocol 2 reached peak amplitudes of >80 µg/l, which was clearly beyond peak concentrations in normal adult men (18). In contrast, peak GH concentrations in protocol 3 were more physiological. Again, this supports protocol 3 over protocol 2 as more representative of normal physiology in men.
+An alternative explanation for the measured differences in GH effect is gender-specific effects of sex hormones. However, separately analyzing the data in men and women did not change the conclusions. For example, there was a treatment effect (P < 0.05) on ERMBT in men, with the highest ERMBT occurring in protocol 4. In women, there was a strong trend for treatment effect (P = 0.07), and, again, the highest ERMBT was observed in protocol 4. Repeated-measures ANOVA that included gender as a between-groups effect found no differences across gender. Admittedly, after stratification of the data by gender, the numbers of subjects in each group were small, so that it was possible that the study was underpowered to observe sex hormone-mediated differences. However, the fact that we still observed differences across GH treatments suggests that even if sex steroids play a role, their effects are likely of a lesser magnitude than that of GH.
+Another potential limitation of this study is that assignment of biological importance to these data is uncertain. Although tissue- and GH pattern-specific effects were found, some of these differences were relatively small. For example, continuous GH (protocol 4) compared with pulsatile GH treatment (protocol 2) resulted in a 51% average increase in ERMBT. This is smaller than many of the GH-regulated effects on hepatic enzyme levels observed in rodents. Yet, changes in ERMBT of a magnitude similar to that observed in our study result in clinically important effects on CYP3A4 (47). Further studies are needed to clearly define the relative biological relevance of each of our observations.
+Even with these limitations, our data clearly support our hypothesis that GH delivery pattern results in tissue-specific effects in humans. Although protocol 2 was less effective with regard to IGF-I and IGFBP-3, pulsatile GH was more effective in inducing bone metabolism and tended to be more effective in suppressing CYP1A2. In contrast, only continuous GH exposure increased CYP3A4 activity, which is consistent with GH and CYP3A4 differences in normal men and women.
+In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the tissue- and pattern-specific effects of GH secretion in humans. The interpulse GH levels are the primary determinants of hepatic IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and CYP3A4. In contrast, bone effects of GH are pulse amplitude sensitive. CYP1A2 is regulated largely by the prevailing daily GH concentration, although GH pulse amplitude might also play a role. These data shed light on the known gender-specific differences in drug metabolism and linear growth. Pattern-specific delivery protocols for GH treatment might bring about selective effects on linear growth and hepatic CYP expression.
+We thank the General Clinical Research Center staff for excellent nursing support, SmithKline Beecham for providing Androderm patches, Novartis for providing Vivelle patches, and MiniMed for providing infusion pumps.
+This work was supported by Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award (C. A. Jaffe); National Institutes of Health Grants MO1-RR0043-34S3 (Clinical Associate Physician Award to C. A. Jaffe), GM-38149 (P. B. Watkins), and MO1-RR0042 (General Clinical Research Center); and the Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs.
+Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. A. Jaffe, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Univ. of Michigan Medical Center, 3920 Taubman Center, 1500 Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0354 (E-mail: cjaffe{at}umichendo.00513.2001
+Received 13 November 2001; accepted in final form 5 July 2002.
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+42. Subramanian, A, Wang J, and Gil G. STAT 5 and NF-Y are involved in expression and growth hormone-mediated sexually dimorphic regulation of cytochrome P450 3A10/lithocholic acid 6
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+44. Veldhuis, JD. Gender differences in secretory activity of the human somatotropic (growth hormone) axis. Eur J Endocrinol 134: 287-295, 1996
+45. Watkins, PB. Breath tests as noninvasive assays of P450s. Methods Enzymol 206: 517-522, 1991[Web of Science][Medline].
+46. Watkins, PB. Noninvasive tests of CYP3A enzymes. Pharmacogenetics 4: 171-184, 1994[Web of Science][Medline].
+47. Watkins, PB, Murray SA, Winkelman LG, Heuman DM, Wrighton SA, and Guzelian PS. Erythromycin breath test as an assay of glucocorticoid-inducible liver cytochromes P-450. Studies in rats and patients. J Clin Invest 83: 688-697, 1989[Web of Science][Medline].
+48. Watkins, PB, Turgeon DK, Jaffe CA, Ho PJ, and Barkan AL. Pulsation frequency of growth hormone may mediate gender differences in CYP3A activity in man (Abstract). Clin Res 41: 132, 1993., Pampori NA, and Shapiro BH. Growth hormone regulation of male-specific rat liver P450s 2A2 and 3A2: induction by intermittent growth hormone pulses in male but not female rats rendered growth hormone deficient by neonatal monosodium glutamate. Mol Pharmacol 48: 790-797, 1995[Abstract].
+51. Winer, LM, Shaw MA, and Baumann G. Basal plasma growth hormone levels in man: new evidence for rhythmicity of growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70: 1678-1686, 1990
+This article has been cited by other articles:
+Well Economic Justice Happen for North America’s Indigenous People?
+By Terrance H. Booth, Sr. – Nishwilgun (Keeper of the Gun Power) Tsimshian
+In America under 44 presidents’ economic and social justice and equality has not ever happen for the Alaska Native and Native American Peoples. The late Vine Deloria, Jr. writes: “When we come to see federal historical setting, we are led to some rather unsettling conclusions. Within perspective of Indian-white conflict there is no question that the major thrust has been one of dispossession of the natives by those colonizing the continent. The first response in formulating a policy of the United States was the naïve belief that moving natives westward toward the uninhabitable regions would be sufficient to resolve the question of primacy in political and economic affairs. Within this setting, however, some care was taken to protect the legal identity and cultural integrity of the tribes. True, missionaries also did yeoman work in the translation of the Bible and some political documents of the United States into the native languages, and missionaries, most prominently Samuel Worcester, went to prison in an effort to help the tribes protect their national status.” [1] Today.” [2] The Indigenous Peoples of North America have more with stood many tests with oppression, outright hate, termination policies even today such policies dim the path to being prosperous, handling their own affairs specifically coming from the brilliant minds of our Native Peoples. Some tribes have done it on their own drawing their tribal people out of poverty. One success that can be replicated across Indian Country and for Corporate America to take note is; The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians who when from being in poverty and now the third largest employer in that state. The beginning of the 20th century found Mississippi Choctaws struggling to overcome poverty, discrimination, and lack of opportunity. In 1918, the Bureau of Indian Affairs opened an office in Philadelphia, Mississippi. Over the next decade, the agency established elementary schools in the Choctaw communities and built a hospital in Philadelphia for tribal members. In 1945, the tribe received federal recognition, and a tribal government was reestablished. Over the next 55 years, the tribal government regained control of Choctaw schools, health care facilities, legal and judicial systems, and social service programs, setting the stage for a period of economic growth unparalleled in tribal history. The completion of an 80-acre industrial park in 1979 was the first step in the development of a diversified industrial economy for Mississippi Choctaws. Twenty-one years later, the tribe operates a dozen business and industrial enterprises and is among the five largest employers in the state of Mississippi. [3] Successful Native Non-profit is Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians that has partnered up with Salish Kootenai College that accredits their conference training session on tribal economic development. [4] Another successful Native Non-profit is National Center for American Indian Economic Development focusing on contracting and been successful at it for several decades. Some Alaska Native and Native American tribes are in the Fortune 500 Companies level. [5] What are tribes doing for states economically? Look at a few tribes are doing to the states having gaming: 1. CREATING JOBS AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR All WASHINGTONIANS Economic Impact Washington tribes contributed more than $3.5 billion to Washington’s gross state product (GSP), according to a Taylor Policy Group study conducted in 2011. Washington tribes purchased more than $2.4 billion in goods and services from private companies. More than $1.3 billion was paid in wages and benefits to 27,300 employees, including 18,000 non-tribal member employees. State and local taxes paid by suppliers and employees amounted to $255 million. In addition to annually recurring purchasing and payroll impacts, Washington’s tribes also invested $259 million in construction of buildings and infrastructure, generating an additional $12.4 million in state and local tax revenue. [6] 2. For Arizona: The Economic Impact of Tribal Government Gaming in Arizona Economic Impact Revenue from Arizona’s 22 casinos far surpassed cattle, cotton and citrus in the most recent figures available for each. Casinos took in nearly $1.7 billion during fiscal 2011, which ended June 30, according to the Arizona Department of Gaming’s annual report. [7] Several non-profits including schools, hospitals, and other non-profits have received contributions from the Indian Casinos of Arizona. 3. For California: California Impact of Tribal Gaming • “Our analysis shows that California tribal gaming generates $7.5 billion for California’s Economy: In 2010 alone, $7.5 billion in economic activity. •Cal. • Tribal gaming generates $467 million in revenues supporting essential local and state services: According to the study, tribal government gaming operations generate $467 million in state and local revenues, and non-gaming operations provide an additional $47 million in state and local revenues. • Tribal government gaming has provided $818 million in critical support to non-gaming tribes:. • their surrounding communities.” [8] 4. For Oklahoma: Oklahoma Impact with Tribal Gaming “The Cherokee Nation’s total economic impact on Oklahoma grew since 2010 by about 25 percent, bringing it to $1.3 billion during 2012.The total economic impact is derived from looking at jobs directly contributed by the tribe, vendor purchases, vendor growth and spending as a result of those jobs in the Cherokee Nation and Cherokee Nation Businesses, the tribe’s business arm. “$1.3 billion. Think about what that effect has on you, your friends and neighbors,” Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Bill John Baker said. “We are truly the engine that drives economic growth in northeast Oklahoma.” 5. Nation-wide Economic Impact of Tribal Gaming In 2012, Indian gaming is starting to show the consistent growth it had before revenues began falling off in 2009. In 2009, revenues fell from $26.7 billion to $26.5 billion, a 1% drop. In 2010, Indian gaming revenue was flat at $26.5 billion. In 2011, Indian gaming revenues jumped to an all-time high of $27.2 billion, which was a 2.5% increase from the previous year. For 2012, Indian casino revenues grew by 2.3% over the previous year to $27.8 billion, another industry high. In the current period, tribal gaming generated an overall economic output of $62.1 billion. This represents an economic output of $20.1 billion on the Indian reservations, where the gaming enterprises are located, and an economic output of $42 billion off reservation. As Indian gaming grows, it will continue to contribute billions of dollars to local, state and federal treasuries, reducing the burden on taxpayers while also providing jobs to hundreds of thousands of United States citizens. [9] Since the USA Government is not to be trusted by the tribes having to file a class action suit to regain only a portion of what was mismanaged. Some details on the mismanagement of Indian Trust Fund: “In 1996 banker Elouise Cobell filed a class action lawsuit charging the government mismanaged more than $100 billion in oil, timber, grazing and other royalties on land owned by some 500,000 individual Indian beneficiaries. After a trial in June 2008, Judge James Robertson ordered that the government is responsible for about $455 million of missing Native American money. The Native American plaintiffs expressed disappointment at the verdict, which holds the government accountable for only a fraction of the amount descendants claim to be owed, and have not yet said whether they will appeal. In early December 2009, the government offered and the plaintiffs accepted a settlement in this 13-year-old case. The settlement provides $1.4 billion to be shared among the plaintiffs (yielding just $1000 per plaintiff). The federal government commits another $2 billion to buy up small shares of scattered properties from their current owners. The settlement includes the creation of a "$60 million federal Indian Education Scholarship fund to improve access to higher education for Indian youth, and ... a commitment by the federal government to appoint a commission that will oversee and monitor specific improvements in the Department’s accounting for and management of individual Indian trust accounts and trust assets, going forward.” [10] Tribes of Indian Country, USA should give serious consideration to establishing a Native Nationwide Permanent Fund and start to grow revenues to specifically address eliminating poverty from all of our Native People and Children. For recently a class-action law suit was completed because of gross mismanagement of the Indian Trust Fund. “Alaska Permanent Fund Value (in dollars) of Alaska PFD checks paid out by state to residents since dividend program inception: $20.1 billion.” [11] Tribes can replicate the Alaska Permanent Fund and set aside gaming earnings to grow funding too specifically target poverty, improve education, establishment of more Tribal Colleges to address professional development, develop curriculum that targets social and economic needs of Indian Reservations settings, establishment of Regional Tribal Business Incubators targets keeping dollars on the Indian Reservation Settings, establishment of Indian Reservation Native Businesses to keep dollar spending on Tribal Reservations and in-depth tribal economic analyzes to see what other Native Businesses can be placed on Tribal Lands to stop all the economic leakages of any Tribal Reservation. Structured for profitability and unification of all tribes to become self-sufficient and self-sustaining building a Native Nation economy for the here and now and into the future establish life-long progress to richness instead of keeping with the status quo. We can prosper from ourselves as Natives for our spending power is: Native Americans’ Buying Power Native Americans’ buying power has increased from $19.6 billion in 1990 to $87.3 billion in 2010, and is projected to climb to $147.7 billion in 2017. [12] The percentage change in Native Americans’ buying power between 1990 and 2017 is 653.6%, higher than the percentage change for most other racial/ethnic groups. [13] Native Americans’ share of the consumer market was 0.8% in 2010. [14] Another words instead of prospering from hand-outs of the Federal Government we can prosper ourselves from our own Native revenues. We create Native businesses on the reservation settings that stops all the economic leakages and this in of itself will prosper with substantial wealth for Native reservations What does buying local do to the local economies?
+1. American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century, Edited by Vine Deloria, Jr., Introduction, page 4
+2....
+3.
+4.
+5.
+6.
+7.
+8....
+9.
+10.
+11....
+12. Notes from Catalyst, Article Buying Power, People of Color Buying Power, March 6, 2013
+13. Ibid
+14. Ibid
+Investments And also you: Suggestions And Tricks - 30 Apr 2019 02:36
+<h1>Real Property Investments: Making Good Selections And Different Ideas</h1>
+<p>Everyone wants to speculate wisely to get great returns. Nevertheless, Confused About Investments? Get Some Assist Here go into investing with out absolutely understanding and making use of good funding strategy. Once they do this, they danger losing a lot of money. Avoid letting this occur to you. Learn this text to learn extra about the right way to be a sensible investor.</p>
+<p>Don't invest in real estate with out educating yourself first. That is crucial, as you want to be taught the numerous tips and techniques which might be involved with this business. Purchase academic DVDs, take a look at books from the library, and be taught all the pieces you may so your are in a fantastic place earlier than you start.</p>
+<p>When negotiating deals, take the time to pay attention, moderately than doing all the talking. Generally an individual will negotiate towards himself should you just let him keep on talking. Actively listening will help to make sure that you get the greatest deal potential.</p>
+<p>If you want to make cash with actual estate, make investments immediately. Too many people make the error of hanging again and doing very little at first. The longer you wait, the farther behind you're.</p>
+<p>Make sure that you have of your finances so as so that you could leap on alternatives the place time is essential. You could lose out on the deal of lifetime for those who wait until you discover a property and then attempt to get loans and financing so as. Having the ability to act quickly typically is the distinction between a deal of a lifetime and an opportunity misplaced.</p>
+<p>Know just a little in regards to the neighborhood you might be buying in. If you're simply trying to buy cheap properties, you could in fact lose cash for those who buy a constructing in a rundown area. Find out as much as you may in regards to the neighborhood before you place any cash into a building there, and chances are you'll avoid losses.</p>
+<p>Do you see your space's property values rising? Are there many individuals promoting their properties? You need to think about these two key ideas as you decide what to do. Never get your hopes up too high, whether you wish to flip the home or rent it.</p>
+<p>Remember, you must solely invest money that you can lose without inflicting severely monetary pain to your family. This means that going into debt to take a position or using fairness from your family's present house is just not the appropriate solution. Find Real Property And What You have to Know On Investing In It of income to protect yourself from the worst possible situations.</p>
+<p>Do not buy one thing that has the next than normal or lower than typical price tag. Investing an excessive amount of to begin with lessens your probabilities of making a good revenue. Shopping for an inexpensive property is more likely to eat up cash in repairs to make it prepared for the market. Look for a reasonably priced property that is modest and cared for.</p>
+<p>One great way to think about if neighborhoods are value buying into is to search near them to see if there are any vacancies. Ought to you discover that there is an abundance of empty companies as well as house and house rentals in the area, this needs to be a caution to you that your personal property could find yourself with the identical destiny.</p>
+<p>Watch how the market is transferring. Actual estate investing is not just in regards to the number being presented to you. It's also about how the national market and your community market are trending. For those who see a possible dip coming soon, you may want to attend out on making a proposal. It may mean tens of 1000's of dollars on the overall worth you pay.</p>
+<p>Observe your time and know what your hourly revenue is in actual property investing so you can know what to delegate. Some millionaire traders know they make $500 an hour. So, if Useful Advice For Investing In Actual Estate need contract work accomplished that costs them lower than $500 an hour, they rent it out and keep centered on what only they will do.</p>
+<p>Do not go too huge if you put money into actual property. You are better off beginning on a small scale than getting in over your head in the beginning. You do not want to deplete your financial savings. Keep in mind that investing is just part of your life objectives. After you get established, you possibly can work out if you want to vary how you're doing things.</p>
+<p>If you're going to include utilities in the price of a tenant's rent, be sure to ask native companies how a lot they charge for utilities. You want to be able to have a good suggestion of the renting costs involved. If you don't, you might be in for a nasty shock and lower into your revenue margin.</p>
+<p>Do not make the mistake of attempting to renovate a property with the newest developments. The real Property Investing Guidelines To Observe at giant has quite a various vary of tastes. You should just go with things which are impartial and traditional instead of trendy. Simply because you're in love with types doesn't suggest folks additionally are.</p>
+<p>Maximize your investments into your job's 401k alternatives. It should assist set you up for retirement. The company match which may be supplied ensures a return on the money you make investments. Begin early to maximise returns for the entirety of your employment.</p>
+<p>Diversify your portfolio as a lot as doable. You don't want to have your whole investment funds in only one kind of funding. Unfold them out over stocks, actual estate, and different investments in order to guard your self should one thing dangerous happen in one area of the funding market.</p>
+<p>Don't put money into trends which might be likely to go away within the yr. There are lots of things that become widespread for a little while and then fade away into pop tradition jokes. Attempt to study to acknowledge the difference between issues which are fads which are fleeting and issues which can be here to remain.</p>
+<p>Investing shouldn't be a strategy to gamble your cash. You invest based on sound information and a transparent head. You work arduous to earn your cash, and you would not need risk it on any investment that you do not perceive. Due to this fact, continue studying about investing, and you will realize great returns.</p> - Comments: 0
+Enhance Your Insurance coverage IQ With The following t - 29 Apr 2019 08:44
+<h1>Basic items To Know When Shopping for Automobile Insurance coverage</h1>
+<p>Nobody desires to pay premiums on any kind of insurance with out understanding what they are getting for it. There are all kinds of things that an average person doesn't know in the case of insurance coverage. The following article will show you how to be taught some important info as a way to get what you pay for.</p>
+<p>When The Keys To Success When Coping with Insurance coverage find yourself getting an insurance quote make sure that to inform them something and every part which will qualify you for a discount. As What Everyone Should Know about Their Auto Insurance Coverage , highschool might have been ten years ago, however you have been an honor student and that qualifies you for a low cost. Another factor that certified me for a low cost was that I work within the medical area, so make certain to inform them where you work. All of us love saving money, so make sure you ask about all doable reductions.</p>
+<p>When filing an insurance coverage claim, be certain that you're immediate with doing so. It will make sure that your declare is filed promptly and appropriately, as well as taken care of in an affordable time period. You'll want to also present all cheap information that the insurance company requests as nicely.</p>
+<p>When involved in an insurance coverage declare, at all times be as skilled as potential. The individuals you're working with are people too, and you will see rather more optimistic outcomes if you are optimistic and skilled. Your insurance firm only needs to know the info, not the feelings. Proofread all written materials sent to them.</p>
+<p>Be sure to get insurance coverage to cowl work-related property when you've a telecommuting or independent contracting job. In case you make money working from home, your rental or dwelling owner's insurance policy doesn't cover work-related objects comparable to pc gear used for work so having a separate coverage protects work-related property from theft or harm.</p>
+<p>Test with organizations that you just belong to and discover out if they've a relationship with any insurance coverage firms to obtain a low cost. As an example, skilled organizations and alumni teams typically companion with a certain insurance coverage company to offer discounts to their members. This can result in financial savings for you.</p>
+<p>If you discover your insurance coverage too expensive, look for a less expensive one. Be certain you know the way much your current insurance will charge you for canceling your policy. It may be extra interesting to wait until you must renew your insurance to switch so that you do not pay a ridiculously excessive cancellation fee.</p>
+<p>You want to have as much insurance coverage protection in life as possible. The listing is as follows: homeowner's or renters insurance, health and life insurance coverage and eventually, automobile insurance coverage. It is doable to increase protection to your family members too.</p>
+<p>You've got most likely heard the phrase about 15 minutes can prevent 15%, but you might discover that by spending simply a few minutes on the cellphone along with your present insurance coverage provider can also prevent money. When your insurance coverage protection is nearing the expiration date, name your insurance coverage provider and ask them for a re-quote on your coverage. They will have the incentive to provide you with essentially the most favorable pricing with a purpose to retain your online business. Since they have already got all your data, it probably will not take quarter-hour and it can save you time and money.</p>
+<p>Your insurance coverage charges are probably set by zip code. If you reside close to a giant metropolis, the nearer your zip code to the precise metropolis heart, the upper your rates will likely be. Consider this when looking for a new place to dwell. Just one zip code away could significantly decrease your payment.</p>
+<p>Keep away from paying excessive commissions to an agent on your insurance protection. With all the alternative ways to purchase insurance these days, don't waste some of your hard earned cash paying out a commission. Do your research and buy directly from the insurance coverage company to get the perfect offers.</p>
+<p>On-line tools abound to assist you establish what price you should be paying when altering your protection. Use these tools that will help you value out potential modifications to protection that can save you money. It may be that going to a higher deductible plan or switching to an HMO could also be the precise choice for you.</p>
+<p>Pre-paying your insurance invoice can prevent money in your premium. Insurance corporations want for you to pay your insurance in a lump-sum and can reward you for saving them money and time on the costs of sending you bills. It can save you payment plan charges of up to 3%!</p>
+<p>Accidents are extraordinarily unpredictable, and that is why they're known as accidents. Whether or not we're speaking about automobile insurance, residence insurance or medical health insurance, having proper coverage is a should in an unpredictable world.</p>
+<p>Verify together with your agent about every six months to study any reductions that you could also be eligible for. Easy methods to Know If your Insurance coverage Coverage Is Best for you can save ten to twenty p.c with these discounts. Money Saving Insurance coverage Suggestions To make use of Now may not sound like loads, however by the top of the 12 months it might add up to some serious money in your pocket.</p>
+<p>Dead bolt locks will save you some cash on your renter's insurance coverage premiums. If you already have a policy, examine with your agent to make sure that you are getting the low cost. For those who shouldn't have the lock in your condominium, verify with your landlord to see if one may very well be put in.</p>
+<p>You'll want to get ample automobile insurance coverage coverage for your wants. The minimum required by your state might be not sufficient to substitute your automobile, pay for any medical needs which will arise and so forth. Determine the worth of your car and make sure to decide on a coverage that will cowl all losses, together with property damages, lack of wages and health care, within the event of an accident.</p>
+[[image"/>
+<p>In conclusion, it's sensible to know all you can about insurance. By no means get your self into an insurance plan that you are not knowledgeable about. The above article is meant to help you be ready when selecting out the insurance coverage plan the most accurately fits the wants of you or your loved ones.</p> - Comments: 0
+What Everyone Should Learn about Investing - 28_1<<
+> - Comments: 0
+Tremendous Suggestions For Planning Your Marriage cerem - 28 Apr 2019 03:25
+<h1>Plan A Wedding ceremony The straightforward Method With The following tips</h1>
+<p>Usually, a wedding ceremony is a contented event. Nonetheless, for some people, it is usually a nerve-racking one. One of the simplest ways you can prevent a wedding ceremony from being worrying is by being provided with essential wedding ceremony ideas. In this article, you will be supplied with vital ideas for having a dream wedding ceremony without the stress.</p>
+<p> Ideas To Assist You In Developing A Aspiration Wedding ceremony before your wedding, get all of the jewellery that you are planning to put on professionally cleaned. This may show you how to to sparkle more as you are strolling down the aisle, illuminating the beauty that you possess. Discover an excellent jewelry cleaner and improve the quality of your stones before the wedding.</p>
+<p>It's a nice present to give the groom his personal little cake. Have the cake designer make it resemble his favorite hobbies, like carpentry or football. If it is a shock it is going to be much more significant to him! Simply be sure that the cake itself tastes good - a wedding ceremony cake that looks gorgeous but tastes unhealthy will not leave a good memory.</p>
+<p>You don't need to spend a lot of money to have a great marriage ceremony. Many churches and religious buildings charge nominal or no price at all. If you keep your visitor checklist small, and avoid a meal time marriage ceremony, you'll be able to pull off a spectacular event on a really small budget.</p>
+<p>When you are walking down the aisle, look immediately into the eyes of your groom always. This will be a special second that you just two will share for the rest of your life, as it would be best to see each other when it happens. Look and smile at your groom to make the best of the second.</p>
+<p>If you want to add some sparkle and class to your bouquet, use crystals, diamonds, or rhinestones. This is simple to do at dwelling; you'll be able to just use some heat-mounted crystals or adhesives, some costume jewellery and even attach a heirloom piece. Guantee that the stones of your choice coordinate properly along with your ensemble; have consistency in your arrangement of colors, dimension and cut.</p>
+<p>Do not get drunk! If you don't want your friends getting inebriated and making a scene, then you don't wish to behave like that either. Keep your alcohol intake to a minimum so you'll be able to truly remember the night time you had for the remainder of your life and not end up on the nightly information.</p>
+<p>If you have requested a family member or friend to photograph your wedding ceremony, guantee that particular person really wants to do it. Do not strain anyone as a result of he or she may find yourself so stressed out that the pictures they take don't prove as anticipated. If the photograph are ruined in any means, don't take it out on the individual you asked! They did one of the best they might.</p>
+<p>Once you and your betrothed begin including gadgets to your marriage ceremony registry, don't be afraid so as to add things which can be over-the-high, costly, or only a bit elaborate. Concentrate on selecting objects that you can each envision as part of your new shared life together based upon your shared preferences, not the value tags.</p>
+<p>If you are going to have kids at your wedding, consider them if you choose your menu. If the gadgets you actually want to have aren't palatable to children, embody some child-friendly objects in a amount that matches the quantity of kids attending in your order to your caterer so they will be considered, too. Do not forget drinks!</p>
+<p>All the things you buy in your wedding could be negotiated! Wedding ceremony dresses are marked up by fifty % or extra. You must see if you will get a discount on the one you love, or possibly one which has a flaw that they've put away within the back. Even flowers may be bought at a low cost if you are not too choosy.</p>
+<p>If you're choosing an outside wedding, be certain that you have intently adopted the weather and have chosen a location that can quickly be changed to indoor, ought to the weather change, hastily. If you are not careful when selecting an outside wedding, you can end up upset when the complete event is rained out.</p>
+<p>Potted plants in various sizes will be placed all through the reception and ceremony areas for a fast and affordable floral motif reasonably than using traditional flower preparations. Colorful pots may be decorated with paint, ribbon, or decoupage to make the arrangements much more lively. You'll be able to provide the potted plants as marriage ceremony favors or if the new couple chooses, they can use them of their landscape.</p>
+<p>With regards to weddings, make certain that you consider the professionals and cons if you're contemplating a vacation spot wedding ceremony. This is vital because while these types of weddings will be fantastic, they will typically cause a large burden on those who you wish to have at your wedding ceremony.</p>
+<p>Save money on the wedding dress. Don't settle for the first, most expensive costume that you discover. Shop around for the best costs. Consider buying a used wedding gown; this is a superb option since it may have only been worn once before. Tips For Organising A Wonderful Wedding party may also skip the costly veil and splurge just a little bit more on hair and make-up.</p>
+<p>Once you mail out your marriage ceremony invitations, make sure that you mail them out all at the identical time. When company obtain their invitation they're certain to speak to others that they consider will likely be attending the marriage as well. The last thing you need is for somebody to feel omitted because they were a part of the later batch.</p>
+<p>If How to Have Probably the most Good Wedding ceremony involved along with your wedding ceremony funds, keep your bridal occasion small. Actions You Can Take To Help Ease Your Wedding Organizing means there will likely be less gifts to purchase on your attendants and less bouquets to purchase. If it is too tough so that you can resolve which individuals to include, consider just having a finest man and a maid of honor to make issues simpler.</p>
+<p>As stated, weddings are normally completely satisfied. The easiest way to ensure that your wedding ceremony is a joyous occasion to be sure that you understand all there is to learn about weddings. So, take a deep breath, and use the advice that this text has given to you to have the perfect marriage ceremony day!</p> - Comments: 0
+Excellent Advice On your Social Media Advertising and m - 27 Apr 2019 03:54
+<h1>Working An effective Social Media Advertising and marketing Campaign</h1>
+<p>At one point in time, many businesses seen the world of social media as a taking part in floor for teenagers. Those days are long gone. In today's society, social media sites provide a valuable software for marketing and branding any enterprise. With such a stage of significance placed on these sites, it's equally vital to make your social media marketing plan an efficient one. In this text we provides you with just a few tips for beginning out proper.</p>
+<p>At all times stay constructive when marketing by way of social media. Folks like to be round others and issues that make them really feel good. Dangerous mouthing others or making adverse statements can result in others viewing your product or service negatively. Be certain to maintain this in thoughts on your personal web page as properly when you have one.</p>
+<p>Embody a re-tweet possibility on each put up to your blog. Having Benefit From Our Social Media Advertising and marketing Tips And Tips atop every put up permits others to easily share the data by their Twitter accounts. Not to even mention that increasingly more folks will see your materials as it is shared across the net.</p>
+<p>Create an open forum by which you enable prospects to be part of your inventive process. You'll be shocked at how well your customer base can assist you to brainstorm an thought, create the "blueprint", and lay out the best implementation of the idea. When Attempt These Helpful Ideas To Make Social Media Advertising and marketing Simpler got this type of input coming from your prospects, it is protected to assume they are going to buy when launched.</p>
+<p>To create social media content material that really markets you covertly, provide you with lists. Compose a listing of the highest fifty bizarre however true information about your product, widget or niche. High number lists appear somewhat boring to some, however they do are likely to get quietly handed around the internet, offering a beautiful opportunity on your model to get exposure.</p>
+<p>Never spam when posting on social media. Posting spam is the quickest approach to lose followers and injury you and also you firms status. Spam posts on Fb, Twitter, and different social media websites make any reliable advertising and marketing difficult. In Concepts For Constructing A Social Media Marketing Campaign Successfully are only a few words and a hyperlink to a product, you might be posting spam. Give related content or reviews together with any links you put up.</p>
+<p>At all times keep your cool when posting and replying on social media sites. There are people who will put up in your social media pages with the intention of causing trouble. Maintain an expert attitude and just remove the posts. If they have a official concern with your small business, be respectful and at all times maintain a professional dialogue.</p>
+<p>Be sure to make your profiles public. LinkedIn and Fb each have privateness settings you possibly can customise: remember that you're creating these profiles to promote your products, and that you want as many people as doable to see your pages. You can block individual users if you're having issues.</p>
+<p>Your social media advertising and marketing efforts can be more profitable with judicious use of advertisements. Place the advertisements and pictures in a place that is readily seen to site guests. Even the finest advert can have little effect if it winds up ready that guests have a tendency to disregard. Ensure that your adverts are positioned for maximum influence.</p>
+<p>Ensure you submit new pictures commonly on Fb or Twitter. Your folks and followers in all probability have a variety of content material seem in their feeds, and they are going to be more seemingly to notice a picture quite than a textual content. You could possibly very easily create different photograph galleries for your merchandise.</p>
+<p>If your social media advertising and marketing campaign includes Twitter, get essentially the most followers you possibly can. Stop! Read This article About Social Media Advertising Now of Twitter followers an entity has, is now a critical measuring stick of significance in right now's world. Firms at all times love seeing that their Twitter feed has extra followers than their rivals and are fast to point it out to their clients. You should too.</p>
+<p>Find consultants in your niche, interview them and put up these movies on YouTube with a view to impress your prospects with your social media advertising efforts. In addition to the content value to your clients, it is going to help you construct market credibility by your association with effectively know consultants. This status development will help in product sales, and your standing within your industry.</p>
+<p>Social media is an instantaneous approach to disseminate info globally. This can enable you to market your products and expose them to millions world wide. In this article, we've got supplied some basic tips that may get you started in creating a quality social media advertising and marketing campaign.</p> - Comments: 0
+Fascinated with Which Video Sport To Get? - 24 Apr 2019 12:56
+<h1>Make Video Gaming Simple With These tips</h1>
+<p>Tons of people all over the world enjoy video games. On daily basis individuals buy new video games, watch motion pictures and movies online about video games and examine video video games. This type of entertainment has taken over a number of homes and is the previous time of lots of people. Learn on to study extra about video video games.</p>
+<p>Hold off on buying Laptop games until you recognize more about your buy. Pc video games involve using serial numbers. These serial numbers can solely be used as soon as, rendering used Computer video games worthless in many instances. Due to this, Pc games are notoriously difficult to return if you do not get pleasure from them.</p>
+<p>Search for cheat codes by doing a simple search on the internet. Typically this is the perfect place to seek out cheats and different perks for video games, without paying for a cheat guide. Yow will discover out which codes work and which ones don't by doing a bit of analysis.</p>
+<p>While a recreation's rating may indicate that it is suitable for a middle faculty aged baby, the level of violence included could not sit well with you. If this happens, both put the sport away or limit the amount of time that your baby plays it. When you cannot shield them from every thing, you'll be able to management how a lot violence they see.</p>
+<p>Use video video games to assist your mind! As folks age, their brains age, too and do not work as well as they did after they have been youthful. There are lots of video games that help your mind get some well wanted exercise. By taking part in these games, it's proven that your mind age can be youthful than your actual age.</p>
+<p>When shopping for video games for your children, consider their pursuits. There are enough video video games on the market now that your daughter, who likes ponies, can get a fun recreation simply in addition to your son, who enjoys army video games. Browse the gaming retailer and ask the clerk for gaming suggestions for all interests.</p>
+<p>You probably have a couple of little one sharing a gaming system, you are in all probability conversant in the difficulties of getting youngsters to provide each other turns. And for teenagers, it is frustrating to have to stop your recreation right in the middle of a stage! To make Successfully Navigating The World Of Video Games , set up a warning system that provides your baby ample time to complete earlier than another person gets a flip. Ask your kids what a fair amount of time would be, reminiscent of fifteen minutes or a half hour. You can too use an alarm for warnings.</p>
+<p>In case you are having hassle discovering older Laptop games, or even operating them on present working systems, strive looking for on-line stores that supply downloadable titles. Shops corresponding to Steam or GoG supply a variety of older Computer games which have been patched and up to date to run on fashionable Home windows and Mac's working systems. These games in these stores are priced at a fraction of their unique price, making them an reasonably priced gaming possibility.</p>
+<p>At all times learn up on a video game title earlier than you make investments your laborious-earned cash in it! It may be powerful to wade via the sea of biased opinions that spring up around any standard video sport, however it's possible you'll uncover necessary info that has an affect on your shopping for resolution. Have slightly persistence and figure out if the game in query is actually price your time and money.</p>
+<p>Hunt for educational titles. They aren't always prominently displayed amongst the principle blockbusters in video sport stores or electronic sections, however they are out there. Discuss to other parents or ask associates for specific ideas, as titles exist that assist out with studying languages, mastering science and training arithmetic.</p>
+<p>Assume about going to an arcade that may be a bit far from residence. Many individuals play games alone and don't interact with others. Going out of city is a fun technique to be out in public doing something you love and interacting with folks. This allows you to play your video video games and in addition socialize with individuals.</p>
+<p>You need to at all times give different video games an opportunity. Most individuals tend to play only one kind of game. To get probably the most out of your video recreation expertise, strive enjoying totally different kinds of video games.</p>
+<p>If you're purchasing a recreation for a baby and do not know what sort of game to choose, use the ESRB score on the case as a guide. The rating system is not good. It does give you a good idea in regards to the content of a sport. Even so, so you possibly can guarantee the game is age-applicable.</p>
+<p>If you are a mum or dad of a baby who performs video video games, you need to watch them. Look at issues like how lengthy they're enjoying and what type of games they're taking part in. It's essential to know exactly what they are doing once they switch on that console or computer.</p>
+<p>When shopping for video games in your youngsters, look into the options of every selection. How To Address Video Game Safety Concerns permit for interaction with different gamers, most of whom might be full strangers. Some games function online chatting, as an illustration. Take your children' ages into consideration, but in addition think of their maturity levels.</p>
+<p>Try new games once in a while. Just The Best Tips And Tricks About Video Games 'll solely like sports activities video games, however every now and then switch it up with one thing completely different. You will uncover that you want more than you thought. Even better, totally different video games allow you to interact with different components of your mind, which is an effective thing.</p>
+<p>Social gathering video games make social gatherings a blast. Whereas gaming is often a solo pastime, it can also be a social activity. A occasion game is a superb icebreaker, and may also help relax and entertain your friends. Ensure you select a social gathering sport that may attraction to your entire friends.</p>
+<p>As you could have now realized from reading this text, video games are hear to stay. There are many causes to play them, and there are even some causes not to. Make Great Video Sport Cheat Code Suggestions For Avid gamers that you're taking the recommendation in this text should you plan on moving into video games any time soon.</p> - Comments: 0
+Easy Tips on How To select The precise Life Insurance - 19 Apr 2019 00:22
+<h1>Saving Cash Has By no means Been Easier With These Life Insurance coverage Ideas</h1>
+<p>Life insurance coverage is one of crucial sorts of insurances to have. You do not need to depart your liked ones with the burden of having to pay to your final expenses. In the following article, you may be given essential information about life insurance that can assist you get the very best plan.</p>
+<p>As you get older, consider how your life insurance coverage needs have modified to make sure you aren't paying more than you need to. For example, if you're retired and your kids are all employed and living independently, there is no need for a zillion-dollar policy. They simply don't need that revenue if one thing should happen to you. So if you have no dependents within the house and no debts, you need to ramp down your life insurance protection to a minimum stage - say, to support only your partner if he or she survives you.</p>
+<p>When How one can Customize Your Protection To Get The Coverage Of Your Desires enrolling in life insurance coverage, ensure you get the coverage you need. This additionally contains assuring that the coverage extends into different areas, reminiscent of debts and mortgages that you would possibly go away behind.</p>
+<p>To save some cash consider switching to annual life insurance premiums instead of month-to-month life insurance coverage premiums. Some life insurance coverage providers will charge you extra fees in the event you pay on your premiums month-to-month, so, if doable, pay your annual premiums in a single lump sum originally of each year.</p>
+<p>Before you purchase a life insurance coverage, make certain to shop round for one of the best quote. Different firms use completely different equations to determine what your premiums shall be for the same quantity of coverage, or may offer completely different packages allowing you to get more protection for proportionally much less cash in premiums.</p>
+<p>Drop dangerous habits and get into good condition prior to opening a life insurance coverage. If you're in good physical well being, you are likely to get a better price out of your provider. Smoking, high cholesterol, blood strain, as well as depression, can drive up your rates more than you'd think.</p>
+<p>To get an excellent life insurance rate, purchase life insurance while you're still young. Rates are decrease the youthful you're, and you may keep paying the identical price as time goes on. You could not want life insurance now, however you may want it in the future. Being proactive about your life insurance will provide help to get a great policy for a low price.</p>
+<p>Consider time period life insurance coverage to provide schooling funds in your youngsters. Particularly if you're a single parent, time period life insurance coverage is a very reasonably priced sort of safety that can provide for school costs and other expenses to your children. As soon as your children have finished their schooling, you'll be able to drop the coverage.</p>
+[[image"/>
+<p>An impartial broker may be able to get you a greater deal on life insurance than you'll if you happen to went straight to the insurance company. It's because the impartial broker will usually be capable to offer you a variety of merchandise from various different firms whereas when you go to a selected firm, that agency will solely be capable to offer you their specific set of products. Always shop round before you make any choice, as a result of life insurance might be an extended-time period obligation.</p>
+<p>It's essential to know what your debts are before getting life insurance. In order to find out home much life insurance coverage protection you want you first must know the quantity of your debts and the way a lot your funeral will price. Your life insurance coverage coverage must be higher than that quantity.</p>
+<p>To avoid wasting money on a life insurance coverage coverage it is best to stay away from "guaranteed challenge" insurance policies. The reason is as a result of these policies are given to most people who apply, and a medical exam is just not needed. Therefore, companies that challenge a lot of these policies have no approach of knowing whether or not you're in good or dangerous well being. As a result of of those high risks, the premiums you'll have to pay might be excessive.</p>
+<p>Maybe Life Insurance Suggestions That are Very important occupied with exercising before going to a medical verify up to appear healthier. Selecting The most effective Life Insurance coverage Coverage causes a spike in blood pressure and your physician would possibly misread this as being indicative of an issue.</p>
+<p>Research the insurance coverage company. You need to purchase your life insurance coverage via a reliable firm: this manner you possibly can make certain that within the occasion of your dying, your beneficiaries will really obtain what they are due. There are plenty of agencies that rate corporations in terms of monetary soundness and reliability. They assess the insurer's skill to pay on time and meet all monetary obligations. The four primary agencies are Moody's, Normal and Poors, A.M. Greatest and Fitch.</p>
+<p>Earlier than you purchase life insurance coverage, decide what kind of coverage you will need. The web accommodates numerous online calculators that may also help you determine the amount of money your spouse or children would wish within the event of your dying. Utilizing this type of instrument will help guarantee that you are buying solely what you must have.</p>
+<p>Life insurance coverage is one of those issues that may seem like one thing your dad and mom need, not you. It could be time to look in the mirror and notice, you are all grown up. Grown ups want life insurance to guard their households from being caught with their debts and to offer residing expenses that their family cannot pay on their very own. Its a safety you shouldn't depart your loved ones with out.</p>
+<p>Be sure you perceive every thing that your life insurance coverage covers, but additionally what it doesn't cowl. This way, you will not be filing claims for things that are not covered. For those who think you need extra protection, consider upgrading your present plan or switching to a distinct insurance company.</p>
+<p>As stated to start with of the article, it is essential to have life insurance coverage these days. It is just as necessary that you are educated on the subject. The above article has provided you with necessary life insurance coverage data. Use Keep Your Money In Your Pocket Through the use of The appropriate Auto Insurance coverage Ways to get the most on your buck!</p> - Comments: 0
+How To Prevent Video Game Addiction - 18 Apr 2019 21:46
+<h1>Easy To Follow Ideas About Video Games THAT MAY HELP YOU Really</h1>
+<p>People of several ages now remember playing video games when they were children. PROFESSIONAL ADVICE For The Enthusiastic Video Gamer have already been around for a long period, but the changes have already been drastic. The future is sure to bring many of the most high-tech games ever seen. Read on to find out more about video gaming.</p>
+<p>If you are playing a shooter, make each one of your shots actually count. Many novice players make the mistake of just squeezing that trigger and letting out round after round. Soon you will be empty with nothing showing for it. Wait for a apparent shot and practice patience overall rather. You'll be rewarded.< increase your wins.</p>
+<p>If you are gifting a game to a child, make sure they have given you several options of what they'll want. There are plenty of things that go into setting the rating on a casino game. If Quickly Grow to be A Video Sport Skilled With This advice have only one option to choose the young child, it might not be appropriate when you go to the store.</p>
+<p>Monitor your child's gaming playing time. Video games are extremely fun and very addictive. A child will get sucked into a game for hours on end if there is no parental supervision. Pay attention to the child's time and force breaks and maximum playing occasions to make sure your youngster still enjoys the world around him.</p>
+<p>Always look at the platform before investing in a game for your computer. In Ways To Become A Better Video Gamer that you own a computer made by Apple, for example, a PC cannot be run by you game on your own system. Particularly, if you aren't paying attention, it is easy to make this mistake. Invest an extra minute in the buying procedure to determine that you have the right version of the game.</p>
+<p>Give the in-game music a chance. If, however, you are annoyed with it after an full hour or so, don't be afraid to mute the television or pc and play some music of your own. You will have a a lot more enjoyable gaming experience that method and are less likely to get a headache from playing.</p>
+<p>Move online for help. Nearly every game has its own legion of dedicated fans, many of which spend a lot of time crafting detailed guides and maps. There are also forums where one can speak private with other gamers. Take advantage of this gold mine and you may finally get past that level you have already been stuck on for a long time.</p>
+<p>Check to see if the area you get video games from includes a rewards program. You can find extra discounts on games, and even subscriptions to video gaming magazines. These could also reward you extra cash for trading in used games. It might cost money to sign up, but the rewards add up if you go there often quickly.</p>
+<p>Use video game playing time to motivate your children. Does your child like to play video games? Do you have a hard time motivating him to a lot of anything? As your son or daughter completes chores, allow him to play a certain amount of gaming time. For instance, if you would like your son to do the laundry, let him enjoy for half an hour once this is completed by him.</p>
+<p>Consider buying gaming items used. To help you save money and save the environment, buy used items. You can find used game systems usually, games, controllers and anything else you need or want. Either go online or at a local gaming store that sells used gaming items.</p>
+[[image"/>
+<p>Avoid buying big name video games near their launch dates. Waiting means that you will buy a casino game after a patch or two offers come out to repair glaring holes and bugs that could influence your enjoyment and game play. Also keep an optical eyesight out for titles from studios that are known for good patching and support.</p>
+<p>Video games are continuously changing, and they are getting popular increasingly. Losing At Video Games? Try These Ideas! will have a following that keeps people up all night for its new release. Not to mention, in the current online world, everything is so a lot more readily discussed and available. Remember what you've read here, and revel in some of those new video gaming.</p> - Comments: 0
+Having A tough Time Discovering Enterprise On the web? - 16 Apr 2019 16:35
+<h1> The very best Advice To Get What you are promoting Publicity On the internet! To Market Your Web Enterprise Or Product</h1>
+<p>Harnessing the power of the web with a purpose to market your online business can convey you large publicity and probably, massive earnings. You do not must be a know-how guru to make internet advertising and marketing be just right for you either. A number of simple concepts, like those in this article, can assist any enterprise owner reap the benefits of the great advertising opportunities obtainable on-line.</p>
+<p>Use offline promoting to get site visitors to your site. Because you're doing web marketing, you would possibly forget that you have the offline world accessible to you as well. You've prospects all over; they learn offline magazines and newspapers. Inserting promoting the place they already look day by day will imply more guests and ultimately more sales.</p>
+<p>To get new ideas in your webpage, it's a good idea to take a look at the competitors. Go to the web sites of different corporations to see what they are doing and saying. A key phrase search for phrases related to your business may help spark new ideas about things you haven't considered earlier than.</p>
+<p>If you have a considerable amount of text which should appear on every web page of your website, consider putting this content material in an iframe. If you do not do this, your web pages might not appear unique to engines like google and your web page rank can be affected. Using iframes with invisible boarders will be sure that your web site is optimized for search engines without confusing guests.</p>
+<p>Outsource time consuming, repetitive web marketing tasks so you can concentrate on earning money as a substitute. Time is one in all your most precious belongings as an web marketer. All too typically it gets eaten up coping with menial duties comparable to article writing or hyperlink constructing. As your small business begins to earn a revenue, reinvest some of the money you could have earned into hiring folks to handle these easy duties for you. Outsourcing permits you to grow your online business much quicker than you possibly can if you were handling every little thing by yourself.</p>
+[[image"/>
+<p>One strategy to optimize your site for a particular keyword is to make use of a <b> </b> tag round your key phrase, which is able to daring the phrase, the first few times it seems. This each draws the reader's eye to the phrase and tells the search engine spiders that your site thinks that phrase is vital. Nevertheless, do not abuse this or your site will end up looking like spam.</p>
+<p>An excellent web advertising tip is to perform a little bit of analysis on key phrases. It's important to know which key phrases are popular as a result of they have enormous potential to drive site visitors to your internet site. A good idea is to generate pages of content on your site for various keywords.</p>
+<p>Get your site linked in as many web directories as doable. The extra you seem the upper your rank on search engine results pages. There are a myriad of web directory services accessible to which you'll submit your web site information. The extra usually your web site comes up, the extra fashionable it would turn out to be.</p>
+<p>The only downside with finding out your competition in relation to internet advertising and marketing is that doing all the things your opponents do makes you the same as them. Stand out to potential customers! Take whatever steps you may to make your web site totally different and memorable. Utilizing Nice Ideas To construct Your Web Advertising is good enterprise; copying their each move isn't.</p>
+<p>Know your aim. Obviously, the overall purpose of web advertising and marketing is to get extra business, but there are many ways to do that. Without Web Advertising Recommendation That will help you Get Higher , you can simply develop into overwhelmed. Start with one small, however specific, purpose - corresponding to increasing your site's number of distinctive hits, and expand from there.</p>
+<p>Attempt to be extraordinarily inventive and original with the fabric that you create in your site. It will permit you to keep up a novel feel to your site and can provde the visibility that you just desire. Originality will earn you quite a lot of points and help to enhance your model.</p>
+<p>Promote your enterprise, massive or small, by harnessing the power of social networks. Even if you don't promote products immediately through these sites, customers are sure to appreciate the benefit of offering suggestions by messages. You also can use the networks to announce product releases or information associated to your enterprise in a manner that appears more private than press releases.</p>
+<p>Get your self listed in each free directory to spice up traffic and consciousness of your small business. With so many directories offering to feature your Web business for free, there really isn't any reason to pay for one. From main forces like Google and Yahoo to your local neighborhood listings, this is one very value effective business device to put to good use.</p>
+<p>Generally talking, customers tend to place a substantial amount of trust and respect within the leadership of their favourite businesses. Capitalize on this sentiment by including a short assertion by the CEO or Director in your web site, accompanied by a photograph and an inspiring quote that successfully communicates appreciation for patrons.</p>
+<p>You need to always put a picture of yourself in your internet site because people normally need to see the face of the person they are handing over their cash to. It'll give them a feeling of trust and a slightly greater since of security since you are not just hiding behind a name.</p>
+<p>Buy a hyperlink on a extremely ranked site. Some websites permit different webmasters to buy a hyperlink on their site, and buying one holds the promise of more hits on your website and more customers as effectively. Just watch out to investigate the opposite site first to verify it's appropriate with yours.</p>
+<p>A very good web advertising tip is to set up your individual decide-in e mail checklist that your readers can sign up for. Give them a reason to offer their email addresses by providing reductions via email. Overcome The Obstacles Of Internet Advertising and marketing With This advice can be a fantastic way to get more prospects via referrals from customers you already have.</p>
+<p>Whether or not you're running an online-only enterprise or simply extending your existing company online, internet advertising and marketing can be just right for you. A very good internet marketing campaign can attain potential customers around the globe or turn up fresh buyers proper in your personal yard. Whomever you want to succeed in, learning the methods of the internet advertising commerce can allow you to attain them extra effectively.</p> - Comments: 0
+Discovering Success With Actual Estate Investments: Sug - 14 Apr 2019 02:50
+<h1>Discovering Success With Real Property Investments: Tips And Tips</h1>
+<p>It is form of scary to spend money on actual property for the first time. You must have the best info earlier than you start. As you determine what to do when taking part in the actual property market, you possibly can notice some large profits. The ideas under will give you a place to begin. When you find yourself more informed about investing, your consolation stage will likely be increased.</p>
+<p>Attempt to not overextend yourself. Do not get overeager. Begin small and work your means up. Don't simply assume that you may spend an amazing deal and make that money back. That is a simple approach to back yourself right into a corner. Wait till your smaller investments can fund some of your more formidable ones.</p>
+<p>Construct your actual property investment consumers list with on-line adverts. For example, you possibly can use social media, on-line ad websites akin to CraigsList and/or the native newspaper to draw attention to the properties you may have on provide. You should definitely retain contact data for each person who shows and interest so you'll have a properly-rounded contact listing as you accrue new properties.</p>
+<p>When investing in residential actual property, be certain that you recognize the neighborhood you are shopping for in. Some neighborhoods offer higher resale potential, whereas others are higher for long or quick time period rentals. By figuring out your neighborhood, you possibly can create a sensible marketing strategy that nets you the best potential for future profits.</p>
+<p>When assessing real estate for funding, ensure to choose properties that can pay you a fair cash value on return. Do not forget that purchasing a property reduces your liquid assets quickly. You need to make sure to be able to replenish them rapidly and amply. Keep in mind that your money was earning between four and 6 percent curiosity in the bank. While you invest it, it is best to search a larger return.</p>
+<p>Always consider the market if you're looking to purchase property to show round and resell it. It may be dangerous to spend money on a market that is flooded with accessible properties. You do not wish to be caught with something that you need to promote at little or no revenue. Perceive that you could have to wait to get the best worth so be certain you'll be able to try this.</p>
+<p>Remember, you should only make investments cash that you might lose without causing critically financial pain to your loved ones. This means that going into debt to invest or using equity from your loved ones's current house is just not the best answer. Find different sources of earnings to protect your self from the worst doable situations.</p>
+<p>Do not buy What You must Learn In the case of Investing that has a higher than normal or decrease than usual price tag. You will not make a lot if you happen to spend a lot at first. Shopping for a property too cheap can set you up; you might have to put too much of cash into it to be able to do anything with it. Try discovering one priced within the center that is not too upscale or too shabby.</p>
+<p>Never make an investment earlier than you understand the prices of going in. How much can you expect to pay for taxes? What are the operating bills? What's the projected revenue once you rent it out? Those are just among the questions that it's best to be capable of reply before buying an investment property. Remember that you should never spend greater than you are going to make.</p>
+<p>Once you simply get into investing properties, it is best to talk with different native investors. You can study loads in regards to the market and ways to get extra out of your property investments. Examine on-line to see which teams are near your location, or be a part of an internet actual estate funding forum.</p>
+<p>Set particular objectives. Which means that it's a must to have an quantity that you want to invest. Then you need to consider the risks that you are prepared to take and how lengthy you assume your money will take to make a return for you. Do not start investing with out setting such objectives.</p>
+[[image"/>
+<p>Spend money on a retirement fund as early as potential. When you begin investing young, you've time in your facet if the market takes a down turn. You additionally give your cash extra time to grow for you. Even when you possibly can solely invest ten dollars every week, your funding will grow for you over decades.</p>
+<p>Calculate your dangers. Work out how much is involved if you invest. There is at Actual Investing Tips That Can make You Some Money in terms of investing. Chances are you'll not get again what you had been promised or what you originally paid. New To Investing? Check This advice Out! and dangers often have trade-offs, though. A better rewards normally comes with a higher risk.</p>
+<p>The funding strategies you pursue ought to have much to do together with your age. If you're closer to retirement, you undoubtedly want to be more conservative. Making decisions to add extremely volatile investments to your portfolio in your later years can end up turning into a monetary disaster for you in the long run.</p>
+<p>Diversification of your investments is totally crucial. This can be a time period that is often associated with a "basket of stocks." However, perceive that it additionally very a lot applies to several types of investments. In other phrases, don't simply invest in particular person securities or other funding automobiles. Spread your money throughout totally different investment choices so that you've a better security blanket.</p>
+<p>Figure out what may be anticipated out of your money. Things like bonds generally generally promise you a hard and fast return, but the earnings on different investments increase and decrease with the changing market. One other essential merchandise to remember is that past success doesn't guarantee future success. Something that did effectively earlier than may not do well later.</p>
+<p>Remember to purchase low and promote excessive. It looks as if apparent recommendation, however many people ignore it. Do not buy a inventory because it is doing nicely. You're likely to lose a lot of money this fashion. You want to sell when it's doing effectively and purchase when it is low.</p>
+<p>All investments entail risk, however utilizing this data proper should allow you to handle yours. Write down the vital info you just read. Sound decisions are based mostly on utilizing your information. You already have began that process. Keep learning all you may and you'll be successful at real property.</p> - Comments: 0
+Complete coverage: Faith Lenard’s multimedia website and Rebecca Omick’s multimedia website
+“Milwaukee is one of those cities that has invisible boundaries,” Edwin Maldonado said.
+“Back in the 60s they used the Menomonee Valley as one of the boundaries between north and south,” Maldonado said.
+He recalled that Greenfield Avenue, Virginia Avenue and the blocks between 4th and 11th Streets were the boundaries for the Latino community.
+Fast-forward to 2011, and although they may have slightly changed, the boundaries are still prominent within the city of Milwaukee.
+UW-Milwaukee’s director of Equity and Diversity Services, Francene Botts, experienced this for herself when she moved to Milwaukee.
+“When I came I had a friend and the first thing out of his mouth was, ‘You don’t wanna live any lower than 60th Street, and you might even not live any lower than 65th Street in any direction.’’ Botts said. “And this was another African-American that told me that.”
+UWM student Tony Atkins is not surprised by the segregation of the city.
+“Oh yeah, you got your black areas, you got your richie side, and you know you got the ‘hood,’ you’ve got all that.” Atkins said. “If you stay here long enough you get a pulse for what’s going on in the city.”
+Maldonado, who has lived in Chicago and Puerto Rico, has a hard time choosing his words when comparing his current city to his former residences.
+“Milwaukee is, how would I put this nicely, in a league of its own,” Maldonado said.
+Atkins believes it would be hard for anyone who has lived in Milwaukee for a while to not see the city’s influence on campus life.
+In 2010, the U.S. Census determined that Milwaukee, Wisconsin was the most segregated city in America. That segregation can stay with people in all aspects of their lives. Many argue that since people tend to stick to what they know, this segregation can carry over to life in the academic world.
+So, what does this mean for the UW-Milwaukee students?
+UNOFFICIAL SEATING CHART
+It seems to mean that people of different ethnicities will usually stick with people who are similar to them. This is evident in the unofficial seating chart of the UW-Milwaukee Union.
+“You see the groups dividing by ethnicity,” Maldonado said. “You have the Asian groups on the first floor by the piano, you have the African-American groups by the Flour Shop, and you’ll see as you’re walking by it’s like changing neighborhoods.”
+Sophomore Cat Bowron echoed this observation.
+“A lot of the Asians are down here in the terrace area and a lot of black people sit up by the Flour Shop on the first floor,” Bowron said.
+Atkins laughed while agreeing with that observation.
+“I don’t know what it is about that spot,” Atkins said. “But yeah right when you come up the stairs on the first floor, right across from the Flour Shop.”
+Freshman Samantha Wong also sees a definite division but pointed out that it may not be an intentionally negative action.
+“I definitely do see segregation on this campus,” Wong said. “I don’t know if it’s conscious segregation, but I do see it happen.”
+UWM sophomore Erik Cibrian sees the same thing in the Union and added that even if it is unconscious behavior, he thinks it means integration has not been fully implemented at UW-Milwaukee.
+“I think that we have not stepped away, at least on campus, from segregation,” Cibrian said.
+Segregation seems to be an underlying topic on the tips of many people’s tongues but UW-Milwaukee has no shortage of available resources to focus more on integration.
+THE CULTURAL CENTERS
+The cultural centers on the UW-Milwaukee campus were created to help ethnic students transition from their respective cultures to the campus culture and to advise them with their academic decisions. Another important aspect of these centers has always been to maintain their respective cultures and share them with the entire student body and community.
+Some people feel the cultural centers are helpful, but some remain doubtful that their efforts are helping to integrate students.
+Cibrian referred to himself as “obviously Latino,” and felt that the cultural centers did not allow him to integrate.
+“My first experience with an adviser here at UWM was in Holton Hall and it went well, I liked her,” Cibrian said. “But when I went to my second meeting with her, I was told I was no longer supposed to go to Holton for my advising and I was sent out to the Roberto Hernández Center. I felt like I was being segregated.”
+Atkins is an African-American student who was slightly uncomfortable when revealing that he is ethnically matched with his academic adviser.
+“I have Susan Fields and she is in the Black Student Center,” Atkins said. “But when I cut through Holton and see the advisers there, they’re white. I’m like ‘hmm.’”
+Incoming freshmen intending to be a part of the College of Letters and Science are assigned an adviser from the list on the Student Academic Services website. But not all freshman advisers are actually listed there. Some incoming Letters and Science students with an ethnic background share the experience Cibrian and Atkins had.
+Senior adviser Channy Rasavong of the Southeast Asian-American Student Services Center said there’s a reason for this.
+“There is an ethnic code,” Rasavong said. “So the admissions office will assign students directly to their advisers but whatever decision students want to make we will respect them.”
+The ethnic code from 2006 detailed which adviser ethnic students would be assigned to. At that time, African-American students with last names M-Z were sent to Susan Fields and Southeast Asian freshmen were all assigned to Rasavong.
+The College of Letters and Science administrators could not be reached for a comment as to why this code was created.
+Rasavong said that students have chosen to leave their assigned adviser to come to the Southeast Asian-American center and vise versa but that all the advisers are just happy to help when they can.
+One way Rasavong works to enhance retention of the Southeast Asian population at the university is through the huge Midwest conference he helped structure.
+“We have not seen a conference like this before in the Midwest,” Rasavong said. “It is geared specifically for Southeast Asian students, but we do not exclude any students who have an interest.”
+While Rasavong’s efforts are focused largely on reaching prospective students and advising freshmen, other advisers focus on aiding the student’s entire family in the transition from their culture to the American college lifestyle.
+Despite all their work, some say the message these centers are sending is neither loud, nor clear.
+Botts said she thought the centers were for support and not about grades.
+“You’re supposed to also have a academic adviser that’s in your major,” Botts said. “That’s supposed to be a support, not the main advising.”
+So Welcome to the I.E.C.
+The Inclusive Excellence Center (IEC) opened its doors last year to accommodate a bigger picture group.
+“It’s a brand new center that started from the request of students,” Wong said.
+“They wanted a center that focused on a broader range of students. There’s a lot of cultural centers on campus that focus on a very small group so hopefully this center will connect all the smaller centers.”
+The IEC cannot mimic any other services provided by the cultural centers but they can focus on promoting a center for all ethnic backgrounds to mingle together in.
+Wong said that one side effect of the cultural centers being so specific is that they have created an area where only the respective ethnic people and perhaps a few others feel comfortable going.
+Cibrian doesn’t believe the centers are doing a good job of teaching students to integrate themselves with everything around them.
+“I think students, like me, that try to integrate themselves in other organizations that wouldn’t be very familiar to them is very uncommon,” Cibrian said. “The environments here at UWM force you to segregate yourself away from all these other groups, cultures and heritage. All these groups of people: the Latinos stay with the Latinos, the African-Americans stay with the African-Americans and the Indian and Asians and so on.”
+Wong stressed that the IEC is open to anyone to come hang out, do homework, participate in upcoming events or workshops and really get to know other people.
+Creating Communities
+The director of UWM’s LGBT Resource Center Jennifer Murray said that she considers the LGBT+ communities as “aligning with the cultural centers” but as a “culture defined more broadly.”
+“I see students creating common bonds of community and knowing you can be your full self or who you want to be without question and without concerns,” Murray said.
+This self-selection of community shows that students are “not thinking narrowly about only one aspect of who they are,” said Murray but that there is a rise in collaboration amongst students with multiple identities.
+One popular example of this collaboration is the annual UWM Drag Show. About several hundred people have attended the show every year for a night of fierceness and fashion. Windy Breeze is one of the UWM Drag Show performers but despite being surrounded by supporters during the show, she noted that there are other events with not so friendly faces.
+In early April of 2013, UW-Fox Valley hosted a drag show that drew statewide attention due in part to the protestors. Breeze performed there but said she was not about to let the protestors and their posters stop her fun.
+“You’re not stopping anybody from coming in the parking lot,” Breeze said. “Everyone who wants to see the show, they’re already in the building. All you’re really doing is helping people find where the building is.”
+Breeze is also a performer at Pridefest, the nation’s largest pride festival. Cibrian is the assistant volunteer director of Pridefest and both have noted that the negativity outside the gates has actually been more helpful than hindering.
+“If you’re ever lost, look where the protesters are, being really stupid, and that’s where you need to go,” Breeze said.
+Cibrian has described his experience with Pridefest as “amazing” despite some internal community issues.
+“The LBGT community in Milwaukee is almost a heritage of its own,” Cibrian said. “They’re on their own yet within itself there’s a lack of unison going on. You would think they would support one another more but there’s a lack of unity, a lack of structure and it almost falls apart.”
+Breeze also commented on the Milwaukee LGBT community and said it was not as enthusiastic or supportive as her former residence in Austin, Texas.
+“Drag is really big there, shows are always packed and overall the people are very friendly and willing to help each other but here that’s just not as common and I’m sure that goes back to Milwaukee as a city being so segregated and everything else just following suit,” Breeze said.
+Cibrian said he believes this lack of unison is slowly changing for the better.
+“On campus I see a little bit more diversity as far as the LGBT community including itself in different organizations and I see them opening up a little bit more,” Cibrian said.
+Murray noted that this opening up process can be slow and that minority students at UWM thus have found themselves sticking together more than they may have intended, despite the numerous multicultural centers on campus, which are geared towards the integration of all ethnicities.
+But where can a student get information on where they can go to integrate themselves?
+You’ve Got Mail & Check the Walls in the Halls
+Wong pointed out that many students, especially those new to UWM, aren’t aware of many of the events on campus.
+“I think that the University should really be advertising what they have available, because, especially incoming freshmen, they don’t really know where to look, they don’t know what to do, but they need to make sure they’re being open-minded and searching out things for them to be a part of,” Wong said.
+Maldonado said the Hernández Center does the best it can but that some emails get ignored.
+“You know what’s sad about that is that we send that information to the main campus media to distribute to everybody, but they don’t,” Maldonado said. “And then people start saying, ‘You guys had your party, we never heard about it.’” We send that to the social cultural program for their newsletter but they never showed up to our events to take pictures or to promote it or anything. They never called us up.”
+With the multitude of events occurring daily, some events will not get the media attention due to tight schedules or just not enough resources to send a reporter or generate more advertising.
+Assistant director for student union marketing Brandon James said that in each weekly media release for all events around UWM campus that shows up in Pantherlink as from “All Students,” they only have seven slots and anywhere from 20-40 submissions.
+“We have a student staff so we can’t go hunt down every single event,” James said. “We rely on submissions.”
+Once submitted, the process of narrowing down what fills those seven slots begins with any pushes from the administration followed by student wishes for information.
+“We’ve never turned people down,” James said. “But we need to be our own editorial board and look at what’s new and what’s coming up.”
+James said submissions for an event must be in 10 days in advance due to the work it takes for the submission to be turned into its final form. Submissions turned in too late don’t make the cut but not for a lack of enthusiasm for promoting.
+“It’s really difficult with such a limited vehicle,” James said. “We hope to provide more in the future. We want a web app to be part of the UWM mobile site.”
+TAKE MATTERS INTO YOUR OWN HANDS
+Until there’s an interactive mobile app,Atkins said individuals have the responsibility of creating their own plate of ethnic samples.
+“It’s like a buffet of different things, when you walk through Bolton ‘oh you can get this culture,’” Atkins said. “It’s there. It’s definitely a buffet where you can pick out what you want to learn and what you want to get involved in.”
+Whatever a student does choose to partake in, Cibrian said to make sure it is something that “makes you happy” and allows you to keep your GPA up.
+“I think they should take interest in different groups because although it is important to do well academically, it is also important to involve yourself with groups,” Cibrian said.
+Cibrian’s belief is backed up by Wong’s experiences.
+“We’ve done a bunch of research and studies have shown that especially on a campus this size, you need to find somewhere or someway to be involved on campus,” Wong said. “I talked to a lot of incoming freshman that said they didn’t make connections and feel lonely and out of place. You need to find somewhere to fit and make connections.”
+Trailers…TV Drama and life….
+Posted by terenctb in General, Relationships on July 3rd, 2009
+I’ve always loved watching Trailers, even more so than watching the entire movie. Trailer usually give you the best parts of the movie, skipping the boring inbetween bits. They catch the best dialogue, the most awkard moments and the most romantic.
+TV Dramas are pretty much the same..with life packed in 45 minutes. You can fall in love, fall out of love and have your friend die all in 45 minutes. I don’t know about you but I always hope that life could be more like a trailer, skipping to the good parts but not the awful bits. Everything has a happy ending (or should have a happy ending), with some ice cream at the end of course.
+Green in Malaysia…Probably not..
+Malaysia will probably get bypassed in the Green revolution. It’s hard to take it seriously when we have so much more to figure out in our society without trying to save the planet. I went to “mixer” and I can’t say I was hearthening by what I found. The majority of the crowd seemed to made up of people wanting to be “cool” and “green” as par with normal Malaysia. Superficiallity to the Max. There were some serious folks there but just to many insurance agents, life style consultants ad nauseum.
+It’s hard to believe how little people know about what is happening..perhaps they don’t care. I was told I shouldn’t tell people what to drive. Why the hell not. If I take pains to sort my garbage, drive a small car, take public transport when I can and don’t use plastic bags why I can’t I pooh pooh people who don’t. I would advocate a 1000% increase on road tax for cars above a certain litre. We are rapidly approach the point of the no return or if we haven’t reached it already.
+I leave you a way to calculate your footprint.
+iPhone and iPod Touch prices in Malaysia….
+Saying that the iPhone or the iPod Touch is overpriced in Malaysia is an understatement to say the least. Let’s take a look at the iPod Touch first.
+- iPOD Touch 8GB, USD 229(RM806). Retail in Malaysia RM949
+- iPOD Touch 16GB, USD 299(RM1,052). Retail in Malaysia RM1,229
+- iPOD Touch 32GB, USD 399(RM1,404). Retail in Malaysia RM1,629
+RM100++. Now the kicker
+- iPhone 8G, USD 99(RM348).Retail in Malaysia RM1510. With a 24 month upfront fee it’s free.
+Deconstructing AI – Honor and Money Part I
+I have been working on porting Honor and Money from Torque Game Engine to Torque Game Engine Advanced. I did initially port some of the AI but have increasingly been alarmed at how fragile the AI I built for the game is. Honor and Money is a top down shooter and the behaviour of the monsters are fairly important to the gameplay. I implemented a fairly simple-state script based AI which worked decent but had times where the monsters would stand around and just look pretty.
+So in order to document this process and perhaps give myself a better understanding of what I have done, I am going to be doing a series where I try to “fix” some of issues with the current AI. I doubt Honor and Money is going to sell so maybe I can get some research value out of it. The steps involved will be:
+- Deconstruct the current AI in Honor and Money. This will hopefully expose the fragility and other potential issues.
+- Research other ways to implement the AI, perhaps using something like Behaviour Trees to improve control and stability
+- Prototype/Re-implement the Game AI
+Installing Jaunty Jackalope on my old Presario B3800
+After getting my new Mac Book Pro, I was trying to figure out what to do with my old laptop, a Compaq Presario B3800. That notebook and me has been through some great and not so great times. So I decided to install a Linux on it. I have tried Ubuntu in the past and always found it relatively easy to install. Now relative is a wonderful term, especially when I used to play with Linux since kernel version 0.99 with multiple disk installs (yes those small retangular objects that are only good as drink coasters now).
+Ubuntu is up to version 9.04 right now, or “Jaunty Jackalope”. What exactly is a Jackalope? Look no further.
+Installation was simply downloading the small single install disk iso, burning a copy and rebooting it. There was a pretty cool “Try it out” option too, I did it to check if most things were working. Bye Bye Windows XP, Hello Ubuntu.
+It’s a pretty straight forward install but the only thing that didn’t work was the sound. So after a night and morning of poking around, another re-install (i’m such a sucker for Linux installations), I found my answer.
+1) Download and install the Gnome Alsa Mixer
+2) From Ubuntu you can just select the “Application” Menu and “Add/Remove”..where did those days go where I had to download, untar, configure and make then install.
+3) Once installed, run the mixer. There should be an external amplifier option that is ticked on. Turn it off.
+4) Voila, We have sound.
+Everything else seems to work great. Even the ‘wireless’ works well (i’m at Starbucks with my laptop stealing bandwidth right now) and is really easy to use. The fonts are a bit big, but that easily taken care of.
+Think I will a day of development to play around with my old friend and her new OS.
+Buonasera….Authentic Italian Cuisine?
+I felt like eating some Italian so rather than going for a chain joint like Italiannies or a Mamak type place ..or better yet a fairly well known Western food place next to a big ditch near the ‘old Lim Kok Wing’..I decide to grace a place in SS 2. Try to help the local economy and all you know. I remembered a place that was reviewed in the Star a while back, and though I would have a try and boy regretted it. What do you expect from a Main Stream Paper that can’t even get their real news right.
+Hidden Horror in SS2
+So the place isn’t anything fancy, and I was thinking..hmm…Read there was a Italian or at least descendant of a Italian chef there…Should be better than chain store or anything you could get. Well the short and tall of it was that the Pumpkin soup had too little Pumpkin and alot of Pepper. The Meatball Spaghetti had too much garlic and the Meatballs were kinda of small. So if anybody tells you they want to try this place, give it a pass for now.
+Where's da pumpkin? Pepper soup more like...
+Dinky meat balls...At least they taste ok.
+All in all, this cost me 40 bucks. 10% service charge..Aiyo…I must review that Pork Burger place Ribs Oasis…that was much better.
+Visual Style for Games..
+Posted by terenctb in Game Development on June 21st, 2009
+Lately I’ve been putting some thought on a visual style for our iPhone game and I am trying to figure out how to explain my thoughts on this topic in words. I’m not an artist but an observer of design. My approach to this is as follows:
+- A visual style must be cohesive and true to itself. Both in terms of colors, style(not sure if this is the right word, but for example clean lines versus a more complex lines, what is difference between different art styles of realism versus icon).
+- Game Art isn’t Art as Games have a commercial purpose. This makes Game Art closer to Product Design. Pop art if I am correct and I remember my art history courses.
+- What mood are you trying to achieve? Darker colors = Dark moods. More pastel color (i.e. new age) give you a ‘happier’ tone. Horror games can be dark and foreboding. Casual games have to be cheerful and uplifting because you play them to relax.
+- Do you want your game to be different? Notice I use the word different here rather than unique. I don’t believe that anything is truly unique is visual styling. The reasons are two fold. A truly unique style has 2 immediate reactions. Either you will ‘like’ it or you will ‘hate’ it. The second reason is that I believe thinking you can come up with a new unique style in product with a 6 month development cycle is a waste of time. People spend their whole lifes trying to figure out their groove.
+- Branding and IP. Characters and a strong theme usually help reinforce recognition. This works with my prior point about cohesiveness but more in the fact what your ‘intent’ is to be able to also try to both differentiate your game from the others, establish a ‘world’ that could be commerically turned into multiple products. I am sure there are more qualified people online who talk about brand recognition etc..I argue that you need to establish certain brand with your product that isn’t necessarily built around your gameplay mechanics but establish a reusable style. Taking a generic approach to this will leave your Game ultimately forgettable. What you want to do is try by way of color, characters, ’style’ and flow to make your game ’stick’ in the players mind.
+- Attraction. With the huge amout of games out there right now, you have to think about how to ‘attract’ a player to you game. Knowing a little about your target market will help you choose the appeal. Alot of people call this a ‘pop’. I hate Art Directors who say that. The word game we are working on right covers a fairly large spectrum of English speakers from Scrabble afficionadoes to Kids Spelling Bee types.
+At the end of the day, I would go for a strong IP driven theme, if I could. It’s nice to think about the ability to change your wallpaper, skins etc but that only works IMHO on something you use alot(i.e. computer, phones, chat ,browsers). Our game, as popular as we may want it to be is probably going to be played 1-5% of the time on their iPhone so having the ability to ’skin’ things might not work as well.
+Using Pivotal Tracker for a shared To Do list
+Posted by terenctb in Game Development, iPhone on June 16th, 2009
+We have started using Pivotal Tracker for both our upcoming iPhone and for me it has been much better than my various To Do list that i tend to leave my lap top and end up ignoring (or worse yet the To Do lists I scratch up on a piece of paper).
+There are several wierd things about it though:
+- You can’t change the project start date. So the moment you create the project and start entering User Stories, the clock is ticking. It will start the project on the next monday (if you didn’t start the project on Monday itself).
+- There aren’t any tasks for user stories. So some of your user stories end up being tasks.
+- The flow of user stories is kinda strange but could work. You start with user stories in an ‘ice box’. You then move your stories to the current list and assign a story point to it. The stories will overflow into the backlog based on your velocity set for an iteration. So you have organize by priority.
+- Bugs and Chores are consider zero velocity because they don’t contribute to your delivery. Rightly so I thinks. Should write better code while you go.
+The plus points is:
+- Planning user stories are pretty fast, almost as good as user story cards especially when you are dealing with remote users talking via skype. Moving stories between current, icebox and backlog are immediate and updates the same.
+- Tracking your day to day user stories are fast, you get a start button, a finish button and then deliver, accept. Although we don’t have a user, so you may end up accepting your own stories.
+Pork noodle place behind my house…
+This shop has been around for several years (more than 8 years, possibly longer) and has some extremely popular and tasty Pork noodles. I remember I always used to get it when I was sick. It is just around the corner from the Taman Bahagia LRT station(SS 3/59 Corner, same row as the Post Office and other car audio shops), so those who want to try it traveling from other places can do so with ease. If I remember correctly they start at around 10:00 (maybe earlier) and are closed on Tuesdays(or Mondays).
+Sign next to da stinky drain
+The price is pretty expensive for hawker fare, RM4.70 for a small bowl above RM5 for a big bowl. I remember when it was only RM3.50. The place is run by a husband and wife pair with a helper(used to be the daugther but some other guy has replaced her).
+Pork noodle heaven...
+So after you order (the place is packed, even as early as 10 in the morning), you will be given a bowl of Chili as marker so they they can remember you. Almost everybody there is eating the pork noodles, so you might even have to wait for 20minutes(if you can get a place to sit even). People sure love their pork.
+Pork Soup, Pork parts, Pork Pieces, Pork Pork Pork
+Once you get the noodles (a choice of mee, kuey teow, mei fan(rice noodles) and maybe loh see fan(thicker rice noodles) you are fit to participate in a porky fiesta. Fried pork rind/bits with Pork innards and meat. Minced pork with sour veggies mixed and some greens(just for color eh?) and liver. The soup is especially thickish and feels like it will clot your arteries right away. Eat it and prove your chinese ness as my Dad used to say…
+Unity3D and Honor and Money?
+Posted by terenctb in Game Development on June 5th, 2009
+Rather than just finishing Honor and Money, we are thinking about widening the platforms for it just so that we can explore those marketplaces. Unity3D has recently launched a windows version of their Game Development Software and I have been kicking the tires for a while. The big question is if Unity3D can be used to replace what has been done so far in Torque.
+Although the port to TGEA is going well, there is a fair amount of rework especially on the way game data was being handled. So looking at Unity with the possibility of porting to the Wii and the iPhone seems like a good idea. Although Torque provides a Wii version as well and an iPhone, the amount of work required looks more significant simply because how many ‘different versions’ of Torque there are.
+iPhone 52% slower than Android, Android speeds past iPhone on 84% of sites*
+UPDATE: Due to differences between the iPhone’s embedded browser vs the iPhones native browser the results may vary. 
+UPDATE: Adjusted post title adding “Embedded Browser” to reflect recent findings.
+UPDATE: Adjusted use of percentages
+Key Findings:
+- iPhone 52% slower on average
+- Android was faster on 84% of the sites
+- Android even faster on non-mobile sites
+- iPhone 4.3 and Android 2.3 not much faster than previous rev
+Conclusions:
+- Browser vendors optimized for benchmarks, not real sites
+- JavaScript Acceleration doesn’t impact most websites
+- Android’s edge expected to impact tablets even further
+Browser performance is a big deal. Browser speed was a major bullet point – if not the top point – in practically every browser release this last year. In the mobile world, the latest iPhone version (4.3) and Android version (2.3) both focused on their improved JavaScript engine and faster browser. Browser performance is all the rage, and everybody says theirs is faster.
+We set out to discover which mobile browser is truly faster – when used on real sites. Our goal was to measure the true mobile browsing experience, and see which device comes out ahead. 45,000 page loads later, this report summarizes our conclusions. We can now give a definitive answer to the question: which browser is really faster, from a user’s point of view?
+The results surprised us.
+First of all, we found that Android’s browser is faster. Not just a little faster, the iPhone was a whopping 52% slower. Android beat iPhone by loading 84% of the websites faster, meaning Safari won the race only 16% of the time. While we expected to see one of the browsers come out on top, we didn’t expect this gap.
+Secondly, we saw that despite the optimized JavaScript engines in the latest iPhone & Android versions, browsing speed did not get better. Both Apple and Google tout great performance improvements, but those seem to be reserved to JavaScript benchmarks and high-complexity apps. If you expect pages to show up faster after an upgrade, you’ll be sorely disappointed. Read on to get more info about both findings, as well as additional comparisons such as WiFi vs. 3G and mobile sites vs. regular sites.
+What Makes This Study Unique
+Past comparisons usually focused on custom-created benchmarks, such as the SunSpider JavaScript benchmark. While useful, these benchmarks are very different than real world sites, and don’t reflect the actual user experience. This study measured the load time of 1000 real web sites, mimicking the experience users would get when browsing on their smartphones.
+Other comparisons attempted to compare a small set of sites manually. However, we can’t draw conclusions from such small sets, and it’s hard to rely on the accuracy of manual measurement. Performance measurement is made up of many variables, and measuring the same page 5 times usually yields 5 different results. In this study, the large number of data points overcomes this variability. Having 9000 measurements on each device has the statistical strength to reliably say which browser is faster, across the different websites.
+A Few Words About Methodology
+The study was done primarily on iPhone 4 and Google Nexus S. The websites used were those of the Fortune 1000 companies. Each page was loaded multiple times and on different days, measured primarily over WiFi. For each device, we used the median load time for the comparison. The total number of tests was over 45,000.
+This study was made possible through custom apps we developed, used to measure page load time on mobile devices. These apps run on the actual devices, load a page on demand, and measure how long it took. These agents are available as a free service to measure your own site on Mobitest.
+Update: While Nexus S and iPhone 4 share similar CPU’s, measurements indicate iPhone 4 is running it at a 770Mhz speed. This was likely done to improve battery life at the expense of performance, and may account for some of the gap.
+For the full details about our methodology, see the “Detailed Methodology” Appendix below.
+iPhone 4.3 vs. Android 2.3
+Our primary comparison was, as mentioned, the latest Android vs. the latest iPhone. We wanted to find out whose browser is faster, and got a resounding answer:
+Android’s browser is faster. MUCH faster. On average, iPhone 4.3 was 52% slower than Android 2.3, with a median load time of 2.144 seconds vs. iPhone’s median load time of 3.254 seconds. Both median load times are generally fast, but keep in mind the test was done over a fast WiFi connection, and both the devices and network weren’t doing anything else.
+Android was faster than iPhone in 84% of the tested websites, and iPhone beat Android in 16% of the races. This demonstrates Android wasn’t just faster overall, but rather provided a faster browsing experience 4 times out of 5.
+Android’s edge completely disappeared when looking at mobile specific sites. These are sites that were modified to match the mobile user experience, and tend to be smaller and lighter. On mobile sites, Android was only 3% faster, with a median load time of 2.085 seconds vs. iPhone’s 2.024 – effectively the same. On non-mobile sites, iPhone was 59% slower, with an average load time of 2.180 seconds compared to 3.463 seconds.
+Android’s dominance in handling non-mobile sites is especially important when considering tablets. Tablets use the same OS and similar hardware phones do. However, users expect the full experience on tablets, not the simplified mobile sites. This means Android’s edge will make an even greater impact.
+JavaScript Speed Doesn’t Mean Browsing Speed
+Comparing the last too OS versions of each platform resulted in one of the most surprising findings of this study. Both Android 2.3 and the recent iPhone 4.3 tout a dramatically improved JavaScript engine compared to their latest versions. Tests performed using the SunSpider JavaScript Benchmark proved that they indeed improved the JavaScript engine significantly, doubling its performance.
+Therefore, we naturally assumed that the new versions will show significantly better load times. But we assumed wrong. When comparing iPhone 4.3 to iPhone 4.2 we saw no noticeable improvement, and Android 2.3 was only marginally faster than Android 2.2.
+Comparing iPhone 4.3 and 4.2 yielded practically identical results. iPhone 4.3 was faster on 51% of the sites, but was 2% slower on average, with a median load of 3.253 seconds vs. 3.182 seconds on iPhone 4.2 The median gap between the two was exactly zero. We ran 9,000 measurements on each device, and the results were consistent – page loads remained the same.
+For Android, since we couldn’t use exactly the same hardware, we compared the Samsung Galaxy S (running Android 2.2) to the Google Nexus S (running Android 2.3). Both devices are recent Samsung devices, and have very similar hardware. Android 2.2 averaged 2.370 seconds, and Android 2.3 averaged 2.144. While that is still a 10% boost, Android 2.3’s JavaScript engine is almost 40% faster than its predecessor. Android 2.2 still won 42% of the races, and the median gap between the two was merely 65 milliseconds. In other words, browsing speed didn’t change much.
+To verify our hardware, we ran SunSpider on these devices, and got the expected (different) results:
+- iPhone 4.3: 3,978.9
+- iPhone 4.2: 10,303.9
+- Galaxy S (Android 2.2): 5,840.7
+- Nexus S (Android 2.3): 4,257.2
+Our conclusion is that JavaScript performance doesn’t impact an average page load time. Apparently, JavaScript is already so optimized that it doesn’t play a big role in the time it takes to load a page. It’s likely that rich AJAX applications benefit from these improvements, but users should not expect their casual web surfing to move faster.
+A secondary conclusion is that you optimize what you can measure. SunSpider created a predictable test, and Apple and Google did their best to get a better score. Measuring load time of real world sites is harder, in part due to lack of good measuring tools. As a result, the browsers scored higher on the expected test, but showed no progress in a surprise quiz.
+WiFi vs. 3G
+If performance is a big deal for browsers, it’s an even bigger deal for cellular providers. Reliability and speed seem to be all cellular providers talk about – besides having the latest phones. Most of our tests were performed over WiFi, to minimize the impact of the network on our results, but we wanted to get a feel for how 3G will impact those results.
+To do so, we ran the iPhone 4.2 tests over 3G as well. The results were better than we anticipated. As expected, loading over WiFi was faster in 82% of the cases. However, the gap was surprisingly small – only half a second! The median load time over WiFi was 3.182 seconds, compared to 3.607 over 3G.
+It’s worth emphasizing that we tested from a good reception area, and at night. We did so to eliminate noise, to maintain consistent results. The download speed over 3G was 5.95 Mbps (measured using speedtest.net), while in the middle of the day it’s usually about 1Mbps. This test therefore demonstrates the potential performance of browsing over 3G, but more tests should be run under different networks, hours and reception conditions.
+Mobile Sites vs. non-mobile sites
+One way to improve your website’s mobile browsing experience is to create a mobile site. This is a good practice for improving usability, and is usually lighter in resources – and thus faster to load. We were curious to see whether mobile websites indeed provide the expected performance boost.
+Out of the 1000 test sites, 175 had a website customized for mobile. On average, mobile websites were loaded in 2.062 seconds, compared to 2.857 – a significant 39% gap. The difference was even greater on iPhone, where mobile sites were 60% faster (2.085 vs. 3.463). On Android, mobile sites were merely 7% faster (2.024 vs 2.180).
+In general, smaller sites load much faster. We defined small sites as sites with 30 or less resources (images, scripts, etc.) and big sites as sites with more than 30 resources. On iPhone 4.2, small sites loaded in 2.193 seconds on average compared to 4.412 for big sites – more than twice as fast.
+Summary
+This study provided a lot of unexpected insights. SunSpider JavaScript benchmark pushed browsers to optimize JavaScript performance, because they could measure it. We hope that tools such as Mobitest would eventually result in a similar improvement to the browsing experience.
+Appendix: Detailed Methodology
+For test sites, we needed 1000 real websites. We chose to use the Fortune 1000 index as a good indicator for reasonable volume websites.
+For clients, we used the latest devices to ensure a fair comparison. We used iPhone 4 for the iPhone measurements, and Google Nexus S for Android 2.3 measurements. For our Android 2.2 measurements we chose the Samsung Galaxy S, since it has almost identical hardware to the Nexus S, making the OS the primary difference. For network, we ran most of our tests over a high speed WiFi router, connected to the internet using a fast DSL connection. The fast internet helped reduce the variability caused by the network, and focus on the browser’s performance. The 3G tests were performed over the Bell Mobility HSPA network, and were made in good reception areas and at low usage hours (mostly at night).
+To get the actual numbers, we measured each of the 1000 pages 3 times on each device. From each of the 3 runs, we saved the median scan. We repeated this test 3 times on different days, and filtered out results higher than 40 seconds or lower than 400 milliseconds, as those usually indicated network and server errors. We then chose the median result of the remaining scans on each page and each device. Using medians instead of averages helped us get a representative page load time, without being affected by network anomalies skewing the results.
+To summarize, we ran 9000 tests over WiFi on each of these devices: iPhone 4.2, iPhone 4.3, Galaxy S (Android 2.2) and Nexus S (Android 2.3). We also ran 9000 tests on iPhone 4.2 over the Bell 3G network. Lastly, we ran 1000 tests on desktop browsers to separate mobile sites from non-mobile sites. The total number of tests performed for this study was 46,000..
+To distinguish mobile sites from non-mobile sites, we loaded the same 1000 sites through IE8. We then compared the number of resources required to load the page on iPhone as compared to IE8. If the desktop browser required 30 additional resources or more, we flagged the website as mobile. Otherwise, it was flagged as “not mobile”, meaning it does not have a customized version for mobile.
+Disclaimers
+We know there’s no such thing as a perfect web page load measurement. The number of variables involved in loading a single page is astonishing, including DNS resolution, packet loss, web server load and many others. While we couldn’t control all the variables, we did try to minimize them where possible: We used high connection speeds and WiFi to reduce the network speed variable; used median load times to filter timeouts; and repeated the test on different days to address web server load. For the rest, we rely on the large number of samples to assure accuracy.
+If you’d like access to discuss these results or our conclusions, or want access to the raw data for further analysis, please contact us at research@blaze.io, and we’ll be happy to share.
+*This report is based on our own analysis leveraging the technology and methodology outline in this report. Blaze Software Inc. is in no way affiliated with Google or Apple.
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+Bet365 Cell Archives
+Categories: Uncategorized
+Written By: cereal
+Bet365 Cell Archives
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+Nevertheless, there are situations when, depending on the country of residence, the net operator might impose further restrictions on placing bets on a few of the sports activities markets. Therefore, be careful earlier than you start inserting bets in order to not violate one of the rules of the bonus provide. These are the most common welcome deposit presents by 1xbet Nigeria.
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+Due to frequent updates system requirements might enhance over time. To download bet365 apk you have to visit the App Store, which can present the consumer the iOS app. By clicking the app apk for iOS could be downloaded on iPhone and iPad. When you click on on it, you may be prompted to download the mobile bet365 installation file for this operating system. You can get a fully verified bet365 and neteller account from us together with 100% bonus supply.
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+Focus for the native market on this bookmaker is achieved by providing betting choices for the Nigeria Professional Football League , along with other local soccer tournaments. Here, gamblers in Nigeria can particular their loyalty to native soccer groups by placing bets on any market of their choice. You can wager on tennis video games and tournaments such because the Grand Slams, ATP, WTA tournaments, and ITF video games.
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+After worthwhile verification, you can also make your first deposit and start betting. If you wish to login Bet365, you wish to register and create an account. You can register out of your laptop, from the cell version of the site or the applying.
+The sports activities are listed by the variety of bets which suggests soccer, tennis and basketball are the most well liked betting sports activities. All sports activities are available an prolonged listing and you’ll find about forty altogether. In addition to the regular betting sports activities, customers with bet-at-home can also wager on Esports, digital sports activities, Politics and TV and Film Specials.
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+The manufacturers which assist this app embody Samsung, LG, Lenovo, Huawei, amongst different popular manufacturers. British online betting firm bet365 said Thursday it plans to additional shrink its presence in Gibraltar the place it finds Brexit has created a “highly unsure environment”. Bets can be placed in the Sports sections , and within the in-play part.
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+Create a visual studio project, console project for home windows, with attached cmake. Run the out of field example in the given repository for howdy world. If the applying is working on windows, this should aswell be the case on unix. Please let me know, if you’re familair with any of this applied sciences.
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+From Facebook to court: U defends discipline
+Attorney Jordan Kushner argues before the Minnesota Supreme Court on behalf of his client, former University student Amanda Tatro, on Wednesday at the capitol. Tatro sued the University over disciplinary actions the University took after she posted comments on Facebook the that administrators found threatening. (Photo by Mark Vancleave)
+It started with a Facebook status update.
+Now, Minnesota’s highest court and the University of Minnesota’s top lawyers are involved, and a debate has ignited about free speech and academic discipline on college campuses.
+On Wednesday, the University went head-to-head with a former student in the Minnesota Supreme Court in the court’s first dealings with Facebook and the First Amendment.
+Amanda Tatro listened as some of her Facebook posts from 2009 referencing her mortuary science lab were read aloud: She wrote of stabbing someone in the throat and updating her “death list,” among other things.
+One of the posts made her professor shake visibly and led multiple faculty members to think they were being threatened. Tatro says the posts were simply sarcasm and pop culture references to vent emotion after a tough week.
+The University is defending its discipline, and Tatro is fighting to prove the school violated her free speech rights.
+But the case goes beyond mortuary science and Facebook — the ruling’s precedent could affect all universities’ power to punish students for off-campus actions.
+The court will decide the case in the next few months. Civil liberties and higher education groups have joined the fight, following the case and filing supporting briefs on either side. Each side says the precedent set by the case will be harmful if the other wins.
+Former University mortuary science student Amanda Tatro speaks to reporters after the ora arguments in her case against the University on Wednesday outside the Minnesota Supreme Court. "I hope that I’ll finally get closure to what I didn’t start and that the University will finally leave me alone," Tatro said. (Photo by Mark Vancleave)
+‘Stab a certain someone’
+Her fiancé had dumped her the night before, and Tatro was up all night crying. At home the next day, she posted on Facebook as a way of telling her family and friends that the relationship was over, she told the Minnesota Daily.
+She wrote of wanting to “stab a certain someone in the throat with a trocar” and of updating her “Death List #5.”
+Before that, Tatro had posted about getting to “play, I mean dissect, Bernie.” She’d named her cadaver in the lab Bernie.
+“I gave him a name because to me, he wasn’t just a body. To me, he was a person,” Tatro said in an interview. She said students often name the cadavers they work on.
+Tatro later expressed grief on her profile over losing her “best friend” Bernie and implied that she snipped a lock of his hair and pocketed it.
+A fellow mortuary science student reported the posts. Tatro’s professor and Michael LuBrant, the director of the mortuary science program, met with University police, who then met with Tatro..
+After Tatro appealed the council’s decision, it went to then-Provost Tom Sullivan and later the Minnesota Court of Appeals, both of whom backed the University. The court said the University didn’t violate Tatro’s rights because what she posted violated University rules.
+To Tatro and the civil liberties groups supporting her at the state Supreme Court, the case is about students’ free speech off campus. To the University and the college associations backing it, it’s a matter of campus safety and teaching professional standards.
+University of Minnesota General Council Mark Rotenberg represents the University's defense in the Tatro case. (Photo by Erin Westover)
+Not just the U
+The University isn’t the only school with an interest in the case.
+Many say the precedent will extend beyond just the University’s campus and beyond mortuary science into fields like health care and law.
+University General Counsel Mark Rotenberg said there would be a broader impact if the court rules for Tatro. It could mean schools can’t grade students down or require them to write a paper as punishment for violating a code.
+“Then our ability to serve the public is gravely undermined,” he said.
+The inability to enforce the policies Tatro violated would be problematic, said Angela McArthur, director of the University’s Anatomy Bequest Program.
+“We’ll have to rethink what we do and how we do it,” she said. “I think this is cut and dry.”
+Five higher education associations filed a brief in support of the University.
+Ada Meloy, general counsel for the American Council on Education, which initiated the brief, said she hadn’t heard of any higher education associations supporting Tatro.
+In its own supporting brief, Minnesota State Colleges and Universities warned that student misconduct in other professional training programs, like disclosing medical information or facts about a current criminal investigation, can be serious.
+MnSCU is interested in the case because of the need to educate students on professional standards in fields like health care or law enforcement, Gail Olson, general counsel for MnSCU, wrote in a statement.
+These issues are not unique to Tatro’s case, Meloy said. Similar concerns would arise if a student tried to sue a school over a failing grade, she said.
+The groups urged the court to uphold schools’ ability to teach students professional conduct and maintain their power to discipline violators. In some cases, that includes off-campus actions — one point of contention.
+Outside the classroom
+A win for the University could mean a blow to student rights, civil liberties groups say..
+Tatro v. University of Minnesota could be the first test.
+Kirtley said she believes public universities have “very limited authority” to control student speech off campus that isn’t directly related to university-sponsored events.
+Civil liberties advocates worry that a win for the University could chill all forms of student expression.
+“If this punishment holds up, people are going to second guess anything they say about the school, even on Facebook, even on a blog, even in a letter to the local newspaper,” LoMonte said.
+Justice Barry Anderson brought up regulating speech at the oral argument.
+“University administrators have not exactly covered themselves with glory on the subject of the First Amendment,�� he said. “You’ve got speech codes that are imposed for the purpose of limiting speech that somewhere, somehow might make somebody feel uncomfortable.”
+But “context matters,” Rotenberg responded. The Tatro case is a very narrow circumstance, and her posts defied professional codes of respect, he said.
+Jordan Kushner, Tatro’s lawyer, valued content over context.
+“If she talked about specific people she was going to harm, that would be different. But she didn’t,” he said.
+“This stuff was too vague to violate professional standards. She did not violate anyone’s confidentiality. If she was to use real names of cadavers, that would be a problem. But she didn’t. She made up a name for a cadaver.”
+Kushner said everything should’ve ended when police ruled there hadn’t been a crime.
+Attorney Jordan Kushner represents student Amanda Tatro in the state Supreme Court case of Amanda Tatro v. the University of Minnesota. Kushner has been practicing law in the Twin Cities for the past 20 years. (Photo by Marisa Wojcik)
+‘Respecting the dead’
+Funeral service programs like the one at the University rely on cadaver donations to educate students.
+The University’s Anatomy Bequest Program is one of only two such programs in the state of Minnesota, and it doesn’t just provide bodies for University mortuary science students. More than 3,000 students use the lab in Jackson Hall each year.
+McArthur, the program’s director, said these donations may not directly save lives, but do serve an important role in medicine.
+“This is the place where surgeons go to learn how to do organ transplants,” she said. “They’re performing surgeries prior to going to live-patient surgeries.”
+Because of the sensitivity grief creates for the donors’ families, students who participate have to follow strict rules regarding confidentiality and respect, McArthur said.
+“We have to be the custodians of this trust, or programs like this will fail. They’ll fail miserably. People will call and cancel their pre-registrations with us.”
+When the American Board of Funeral Service Education heard about the case, Executive Director Gretchen Warner said she knew the group had to get involved.
+Warner said there’s no excuse for Tatro’s conduct. The University is accredited by ABFSE.
+“We stand for public trust and confidence and respecting the dead,” Warner said. “Cadaver donations are crucial to our program, and the kind of conduct she exhibited totally undermines our ability … to continue educating the students.”
+During the University’s initial investigation, Tatro went to the media, McArthur said. And when Tatro went to the media, people went to the phones.
+“People were crying. They were calling upset,” McArthur said. “They were so frustrated and saddened and losing sleep.”
+She could only tell the callers that the program had a policy in place to guard against situations like this, but Tatro had violated it.
+Warner believes Tatro isn’t fit for a job in funeral services.
+“Her behavior was unethical and that just doesn’t belong in the field anywhere.”
+‘The way we live today’
+A couple decades ago —before Columbine, Virginia Tech and tragedies that have followed — the University may have reacted to Tatro’s posts differently.
+In light of those events, Rotenberg said, “the idea the U of M shouldn’t have done anything at all to respond to this threat, I think, is itself unreasonable.”
+Had Tatro killed somebody after writing her posts, everyone would be accusing the University of negligence, he said.
+“It’s very easy to say that the University should have forgotten about it and done nothing about it, sitting here now in 2012,” he said. “An institution of higher education cannot simply say, ‘That’s fine, go ahead and make those kinds of threats with our teaching equipment, and we’ll not do anything about it.’ No.”
+In its ruling in favor of the University, the appellate court wrote that the “realities of our time” require universities to respond to any potential student violence. Because of that risk, the University rightly disciplined Tatro for off-campus activity, the court said.
+There’s always a balance between “making the campus a closed kindergarten or something where nobody is allowed in or out without a little pass” and a violent free-for-all with no university intervention, Rotenberg said.
+“It’s just the way we live today.”
+Inside the court
+Tatro’s words went from Facebook to the Minnesota Supreme Court more than two years later.
+The court’s justices pressed Rotenberg on regulating student speech. They pressed Kushner on respect for donated bodies and violating a signed contract.
+Precedent from Tinker v. Des Moines and Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier — U.S. Supreme Court cases involving free speech in public high schools — came up frequently in briefs and at the arguments Wednesday.
+There’s little such precedent for higher education.
+Kushner argued that neither case applies to his client because there is a difference between college students and high school students.
+The use of Hazelwood in this case worried Kirtley because it was overreaching the original intent of the U.S. Supreme Court, despite many lower federal court rulings that Hazelwood applies to colleges, she said.
+Rotenberg said that the very fact that Tatro asked to be in this program means she gets a lower level of free speech protection than students required by law to be in elementary or high school.
+“The fact that she’s different than a third grader doesn’t mean that she’s out of any duty to follow our rules,” he said.
+Rotenberg could only speculate why the state Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. It’s never tackled Facebook and the First Amendment, he said. As the state’s highest court, it generally takes cases with statewide significance. While the state Supreme Court agrees to hear about 10 percent of cases thrown its way, the U.S. Supreme Court hears between 1 and 2 percent.
+Tatro said she hopes the state Supreme Court will rule in her favor so she can move on. She said she isn’t out for money — she wants to clear her name and get on with her life. She’s had trouble getting jobs and internships since the case began. She called herself a harmless person who brings her dogs to nursing homes and does charity walks for animals.
+“I hope that I’ll finally get closure to what I didn’t start and that the University will finally leave me alone,” she said after court Wednesday.
+When her mom died the day before she graduated, it cemented for Tatro that funeral service, and helping grieving families, is what she was “put on this earth to do,” she said.
+If she doesn’t win, Tatro said she’ll appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Rotenberg wouldn’t say whether the University would appeal if Tatro wins. The ruling will likely come in the next three to five months.
+“I’ll fight this for the rest of my life,” she said. “They started it, and I’ll finish it.”
+Post new comment
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+Long-tongued dawn fruit bats or lesser dawn fruit bats, Eonycteris spelaea, are found throughout much of south Asia, from southern China to the islands of Indonesia, and from southwestern India to throughout the Philippines. (Nowak, 1999; Wilson and Reeder, 2005)
+Eonycteris spelaea is almost exclusively a cave roosting species. Eonycteris major,, 1993; Hodgkison, et al., 2003; Kunz and Racey, 1998; Nowak, 1999) that are darker than the pelage of the head and body. The second finger is independent and lacks a claw. Molariform teeth are considerably reduced and barely extend past the gums. The dental formula in Eonycteris is i 2/2, c 1/1, pm 3/3, m 2/3 x 2 = 34. The type of tongue, a tail length between 12 and 33 mm, and absence of an index finger claw distiguishes Eonycteris. (Kunz and Fenton, 2003; Macdonald, 2001; McNab, 1989; Nowak, 1999)
+Lesser dawn fruit bats are thought to be polygynous with single males mating with multiple females. Penis, baculum, and testes size are not a factor in male reproductive success, as sperm competition does not occur as in multi-male polyandrous and polygynandrous mating systems. However, residual baculum lengths are greater than in monogamous systems. It is reasonable that body size is a factor in mate selection in both sexes as it is generally an indicator of superior genes and fitness. (Hosken, et al., 2001; Hutchins, et al., 2003)
+There is conflicting information on the cycle/pattern of estrus as well as birth in E. spelaea females. 200 days (between 6 and 7 months). Weaning occurs at 3 months. Females mature between 6 months and 1 year. Males mature between 1 and 2 years. (Heideman and Utzurrum, 2003; Hutchins, et al., 2003; Nowak, 1999)
+Reports suggest that females are the sole providers of pre-independence parental care. After birth, altricial young take hold of a nipple and stay attached for 4 to 6 weeks as the female flies around. After this time, young can make flights independently for short distances. Complete weaning occurs at 3 months. (Nowak, 1999)
+There is little information available on the longevity of this species in the wild or in captivity. The highest lifespans in captivity of other Pteropodidae species include: straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum), 21.8 years; flying foxes (Pteropus), 31.4 years; and rousette fruit bats (Rousettus), 22.9 years. (Jones, 1982). major share roost caves with E. spelaea. This species is nocturnal and will often travel 20 to 40 km from their day roosts to the night flowering trees where they feed. Lesser dawn fruit bats forage in flocks. Feeding occurs between 1900 and 0200 hours. A behavior unique to E. spelaea is the production of wing-clapping sounds during movement in dark situations. This is thought to be a primitive form of echolocation that aids orientation, or simply a product of slowed flight which may reduce the force with which bats collide with other objects in dark caves. (Gould, 1978; Gould, 1988; Hutchins, et al., 2003; Kunz and Fenton, 2003; Macdonald, 2001; Nowak, 1999)
+There is little available information on the home range of E. spelaea. However, this species travels considerable distances to feed, and may often fly 20 to 40 km from their day roosts to the night flowering trees where they feed. Long flights between roosting and feeding grounds is common in Pteropodidae. (Neuweiler, 2000; Nowak, 1999). However, E. spelaea is unique in the production of wing-clapping sounds during movement in dark situations, which may be a primitive form of echolocation that aids orientation. Most Pteropodidae species locate food by smell. (Kunz and Fenton, 2003; Macdonald, 2001; Nowak, 1999)
+Diet consists primarily of the nectar and pollen of night flowering plant species. Two studies state that stomach and tongue contents contained pollen exclusively. Lesser dawn fruit bats are nectarivorous generalists that have been documented feeding on over 31 plant species. The nectar and pollen of Oroxylum indicum is described as their preferred and principle food source. Eonycteris spelaea and O. indicum are referred to as an example of coevolution because the flowers are adapted to the head morphology and feeding behavior of the this bat species. Durio zibethinus, Parkia speciosa, Musa acuminata,. In captivity, individuals have been fed coconut (Cocos) pulp and guava (Psidium). (Allen, 1939; Gould, 1978; Heideman and Utzurrum, 2003; Hutchins, et al., 2003; Neuweiler, 2000; Nowak, 1999; Peterson, 1964; Wilson, 1997). spelaea is pollination. A possible secondary role is seed dispersal, however, the use of fruit as a wild food item is not confirmed. (Allen, 1939; Hutchins, et al., 2003; Kunz and Fenton, 2003; Neuweiler, 2000; Nowak, 1999; Wilson, 1997)
+The primary significance of E. spelaea to humans is the pollination of commercially important plant species, especially durian fruits (Durio spp.), which can add up to $120 million (U.S. dollars) to the Southeast Asian economy annually. Lesser dawn bats are also hunted for use as food. Bat guano from the Philippines is harvested for use as fertilizer. (Gould, 1978; Hutchins, et al., 2003; Neuweiler, 2000; Nowak, 1999; Wilson, 1997)
+There are no known adverse effects of E. spelaea on humans. (Hutchins, et al., 2003)
+Lesser dawn fruit bats are considered lower risk/least concern by the IUCN. The major threat to E. spelaea is loss and degradation of forest habitat through ongoing wood extraction and limestone quarrying. Conservation actions that are needed include monitoring and research of population numbers, range and trends. The subspecies E. spelaea glandifera of Indonesia and the Philippines and Sulawesi was reported as vulnerable 1992. Populations in Java and the Lesser Sundas Islands are considered endangered because of cave disturbance, hunting, and habitat destruction. Populations of E. spelaea glandifera in the Philippines seem more adaptable to habitat alterations but are at risk due to hunting and human disturbance. (Nowak, 1999; Wilson and Reeder, 2005)
+Tanya Dewey (editor), Animal Diversity Web.
+Andrew Rein, G. 1939. Bats. New York, New York: Dover Publications, Inc..
+Findley, J. 1993. Bats: a community perspective. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
+Gould, E. 1978. Foraging Behavior of Malaysian Nectar-Feeding Bats. BIOTROPICA, 10(3): 184-193. Accessed November 07, 2006 at.
+Gould, E. 1988. Wing-clapping sounds of Eonycteris spelaea (Pteropodidae) in Malaysia. Journal of Mammology, 69(2): 378-379. Accessed November 30, 2006 at.
+Heideman, P., R. Utzurrum. 2003. Seasonality and synchrony of reproduction in three species of nectarivorous Philippines bats. BMC Ecology, 3:11: N/A. Accessed November 29, 2006 at.
+Hodgkison, R., S. Balding, A. Zubaid, T. Kunz. 2003. Fruit Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) as Seed Dispersers and Pollinators in Lowland Malaysian Rain Forest. BIOTROPICA, 35(4): 491-502. Accessed November 09, 2006 at.
+Hosken, D., K. Jones, K. Chipperfield, A. Dixson. 2001. Is the bat os penis sexually selected. Behav Ecol Sociobiol, 50: 450-460. Accessed November 29, 2006 at.
+Hutchins, M., D. Kleiman, G. Valerius, M. McDade. 2003. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group.
+Jones, M. 1982. Longevity of captive mammals.. Zoological Garten N. F. Jena, 52: 113-128.
+Kunz, T., M. Fenton. 2003. Bat Ecology. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press.
+Kunz, T., P. Racey. 1998. Bat Biology and Conservation. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
+Macdonald, D. 2001. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York, New York: Barnes & Nobel Books.
+McNab, B. 1989. Temperature regulation and rate of metabolism in three Bornean bats. Journal of Mammology, 70(1): 153-161. Accessed November 05, 2006 at.
+Neuweiler, G. 2000. The Biology of Bats. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
+Nowak, R. 1999. Walker’s Mammals of the World. Baltimore and London, Maryland and England: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
+Peterson, R. 1964. Silently, by Night. New York, Toronto, and London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
+Wilson, D. 1997. Bats in Question. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
+Wilson, D., D. Reeder. 2005. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Baltimore, Maryland: The John Hopkins University Press.
+Know what I could happily eat every single day?
+I adore them. And aside from a quality cheesesteak, Philly soft pretzels are what I miss most about living in a South Jersey suburb of Philadelphia. Every time my mom and I would go to the mall, we’d get a “braid” pretzel to share.
+The result? Every single time I hit the mall, I’m salivating for a pretz.
+NO, not an Auntie Ann’s pretzel. Those are cheap knockoffs. And they don’t compare.
+In fact, after the Shamrock Half Marathon last Sunday, I saw some chick holding a soft pretzel. I closelined her and asked her excitedly if they were giving them out at the post-race party. She laughed and told me that no, she had brought it.
+I pouted.
+And I’ve been thinking about that soft pretz ever since.
+That’s a long time to lust after a pile of salty carbs. But really, I never said my palate was reasonable.
+Guess what I’m doing today?
+These babies are getting replaced!
+I’m hoping my shin splints and toesie issues are a product of badly needing some new running shoes. I’ve always been an Asics girl for my skinny feet and neutral stride since I started high school track, but I’m gonna go see what the guys at Running, Etc. think about that. Yay for new shoes!
+And what am I gonna do with those new shoes?
+Run with a Norfolk Running Club… yaaay! I’m putting complete faith in Rob that these guys run a reasonable pace and won’t leave me and my busted toes in the dust.
+First Marathon Woes
+So, Anastasia, a.k.a my running twin and the reason I even run half marathons, has always dreamt of running the Marine Corps Marathon. We decided it made sense to make THIS our first marathon rather than the Shamrock next year so her family can be a part of the race.
+The only problem? The race is full.
+In order to race this marathon, I would need to sign up with a charity and raise the money to earn my bib. Although this is a fantastic goal and an amazing opportunity, I’m feeling a little overwhelmed. $750 is a LOT of money to try and raise, and I’m not feeling like it’s a realistic goal. I’d feel like a deadbeat asking people for money for me to run my first marathon, especially since my family and friends helped me raise money for my first half marathon back when I was a poor, starving college student.
+I feel like it’s now or never when it comes to my first marathon, and I’m not sure I’d do it without my running buddy. Any words of wisdom from you marathon veterans?
+What food do you crave from your childhood/hometown?
+Are any of you Asics lovers out there converts to another shoe brand?
+yumm i could eat soft pretzels every day too! NOM NOM
+definitely thinking about getting new running shoes soon! i have asics so PLEASE tell us what the running dude says cuz there’s a solid chance ill take his advice too! I know how you feel about th emoney thang.. i have to do that with my half this oct, but honestly if you wnt to run a marathon you will find a way to raise that money.. thats how i look at.. well everything in life.. if you wnt it. go get it!! there is always a way!! send a nice email to family and neighbors.. no obligation.. just ask them if they could donate idk $10 each or so and thats it!
+i realize.. you’d have ot have a lot of friends and family to raise 750 with 10 bucks each.. but i know your a popular gal!!!
+gluck with the new sneaks:)
+I love soft (legit) pretzels too-they’re so deadly for me though!
+WOMAN!!!!
+You would be amazed how quickly y’all can raise funds. Believe me, I raised $1,000 for Wounded Warriors, in the time span of 4 months. You CAN do it, trust me. Please think about it, ok?? Best of luck!!
+i just had to buy new sneakers as well… i decided to stick with another pair of asics! last time i tried another shoe i was disappointed so now i am afriad to try another type! haha
+Hey Aly! I love your blog and read it all the time 🙂 I wasn’t sure if I’d be able to comment without having a blog but I hope this works. I ran with the Final Kick running club before and it is GREAT! I definitely recommend it if you’re looking for experienced people to run with. I was so encouraged before last years Rock and Roll when I ran with the group of veteran marathon runners even though I felt intimated before joining. Also, I used to ALWAYS wear Asics, but when I got fitted before my first half, none of the brands they suggested for me were Asics. I was shocked! I also have narrow feat with a medium-high arch. I ended up getting Mizuno Wave Creations which were hands down the best running shoes I ever had. For the Shamrock, I cheaped out and got a less expensive pair, and I regret it so much because they are not nearly as good and I got a huge blister after the race. My lesson, pay the big bucks for running shoes because its SO worth it! I also caught the marathon bug – I’m aiming for the NYC marathon in 2012! Good luck to you in your fund-raising and training 🙂 If you ever want to run in the state park, I go almost every Saturday morning.
+Woohooo! Awesome!! And thank you, Corinne! I will DEF not cheap out on my shoes this time around. 😉
+You are so creative you could definitely do it! I bet if you hosted a bloggie bake (or Etsy?) sale — like the ones I’ve seen others host, for charities and for other stuff — you could DEFINITELY do it.
+I think you can do it!! It’s a good amount of money but it IS for charity. That sounds like an awesome first marathon, too! AHHH I am obsessed with those pretzels too (the REAL thing ;)) but I have to have one with a diet coke! gah
+I love asics! And good luck!
+I agree with sable. Do a bake sale, contest to win one of your designs, etc. every one I’ve seen on blogs has been successful. you are sooo running that marathon lady!
+Um I crave the civilization from Hampton Roads. Going to school in Upstate NY, we have nothing up here (um but snow…).
+I am a Newtons girl all the way. I run so far on my toes-no other shoe supports me like they do…Ha I describe them like a boyfriend…
+Those soft pretzels look amazing! It’s been such a long time since I’ve had one 😦
+I’m running the Chicago Marathon this year for American Cancer Society and I want to raise at least $1,000. I’ve never fund-raised for anything before so it’s totally a new experience for me. I’ve heard the charity gives you a lot of ideas and help to make sure you reach your goal.
+I’ll let you know any tips and tricks I learn from them. 🙂
+Key: You’re not asking for money to run your first marathon. You’re asking for money to support sweet children who want to do amazing things that we are blessed enough to do everyday. WE just have to do the hard part for the kiddies — complete 26.2 miles and babbyyy we can do it. No doubt. I have faith in us. Love you.
+I’d say try and raise the money! $750 is a lot for one person, but split it up among family, friends and bloggers – I’m sure you could do it in no time!
+Do it yo! If you can wait until I graduate from boot camp (USMC boot camp at that) then I can donate some. It might be pushing it though since I don’t leave til June 27th
+Al-
+I HAVE BEEN DYING FOR A SOFT PRETZEL OVER HERE ACROSS THE POND!! Over Christmas, my friends and I went to an outdoor holiday market in town and they had “Bretzel Chaud” which was their translation of a soft pretzel. Not even close to a Philly baby. I did eat it, but this “bretzel” was an imposter!! Don’t you worry about the 750 for the marathon. You are such a creative person that you will come up with a fantastic way to get the money. I do not have a doubt in my mind!
+🙂 this comment made me smile, kris. thanks for your vote of confidence. I’m feelin’ a little helpless at the moment!
+YOU CAN DO IT!! Seriously girl, you totally can!! I’ve got to raise money for a half too, and as well as sponsorship I’m gonna try to do other things too, like bake sales and stuff…
+I’m an Asics girl, but I’m gonna get my gait analysed this weekend!! I wonder if it’s what’s aggravating my splints too…hmmmm…
+And that pretzel pic made me drool. mmmm pretzels… 🙂
+Thanks, Emma. 🙂 I’ll let you know what I learn!
+I was always an Asics girl, but my last three pairs are Nike. I love the difference. There is a better fit for me through the front of the foot. Less wiggle room is the only way I can think of to describe it. I also find the profile of the sole to be less wide, so it feels like the whole shoe is trimmer. Good luck finding what fits you best. Just wanted you to know that it is possible to happy in something other than Asics. 🙂
+I definitely think you could raise the money!! If running that marathon is what you want, I say go for it!
+AMEN SISTER. Philly soft pretzels are THE BEST (auntie anns? crap). I had one today at work actually : ) There’s a great bakery 2 min from my house; my family brings them to every family function and they always go first.
+YUM YUM YUM. With a cheesesteak and crab fries? Carb-loading heaven.
+Since the marathon isn’t until next year, I think you should try to raise the money! You could do other things like a blog bake sale instead of asking your family/friends for all the money. I just recently switched from my beloved Nike Pegasus’ to Saucony Kinvaras, and I’m in love with them. Best switch ever, and it feels weird to wear my old sneaks again!
+I’m originally from Philly, and I must say…Philly pretzels are the bomb!!! Love love love ’em!
+Oh girl, you should SOOOO go for it!!! Seriously, if you want it bad enough, you will find a way to raise that money! Heck, you can even do an auction with all of the creative goodies you make and raise money that way! My vote is to run the Marine Corps Marathon!!!
+Those pretzels look amazing! I really need to make a gluten-free soft pretzel! 🙂
+Ahhhh girl I am so excited for you!! When the Padre had to raise money for the NYC marathon, he e-mailed literally every single one of our neighbors, family friends, and church members – he had to raise a good thousand dollars or two, so he didn’t have much of a choice. BUT I am sure your friends and fam would love to help you out!!
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+From sun up to sun down, horse girls know how to get stuff done. Whether we’re balancing homework and ring work, meetings and lessons, or mucking stalls and jumping oxers, we always manage to make it happen. We wanted to create a button-down riding shirt that embodied this same can-do attitude; a multi-purpose piece that was both tough and tailored.
+It would not only have to be elegant enough to be worn to the office in the mornings and the barn in the evenings, but also tough enough to handle a day full of barn work at the hands of professional riders and grooms. In short, we wanted a performance button-down that could really do it all. Almost a year of testing, designing, and prototyping later, we’re pretty thrilled to say we did it.
+We named our creation the Alba Work Shirt after the Spanish word for dawn - a nod to the hardworking horsewomen who rise early every day to maximize their time in the saddle. So whether you’re setting your alarm for 5am to head to work, dress for school, or turn the horses out in the pasture, the Alba Work Shirt was designed for you.
+Read on to discover all of the thoughtful planning that went into creating this epic button-down for horsewomen everywhere.
+1) Light as Air Fabric
+The Alba Work Shirt is made out of a lightweight but sturdy polyester poplin. What does that mean exactly? Two things. First, a poplin is any fabric that features two yarns of different thicknesses in a plain weave. Because of the difference in thread thickness, poplins offer the best of both worlds - they have a thin, comfortable hand-feel that's easy to drape, AND are seriously sturdy and tough. Second, polyester is a lightweight material that's notoriously easy to care for and winkle-resistant by nature. It even has a bit of stretch too, so you won't be busting out of your shoulder seams when you go to make that big release over the square oxer. In summary, a polyester poplin = light, tough, and perfect for an equestrian button-down.
+2) Serious Ventilation
+Our favorite thing about riding in button-downs is that glorious feeling when you're cantering and the air moves through your shirt - it's like outdoor air conditioning! Naturally we wanted to maximize the breezy comfort factor with the Alba Work Shirt, so we added a hidden mesh vent to the upper back of the garment. A discrete addition, the vent is nigh-invisible until you're riding at speed. The breeze will gently lift the back panel, allowing air to flow through the garment and keep you cool. When not riding, the vent stays hidden and nobody has to know you're really wearing your favorite barn shirt to work.
+3) High-Low Hemline
+The biggest issue we've had riding in traditional button-downs was that those suckers never seemed to stay tucked in. The Alba Work Shirt features a generous high-low hem (meaning that the hemline is longer in the back and shorter in the front), which when combined with the stretchy poly poplin fabric allows for maximum range of motion all while staying put. No more hurriedly tucking your shirt back in while in the middle of a lesson!
+4) Minimalist Styling
+When we set out to create a true "work" shirt, we knew we wanted to keep things clean and classic. That meant no loud graphics or wild patterns - we save that kind of awesome for our graphic tees anyway. But keeping things classic doesn't mean we didn't have a little fun with the details. You'll find subtle touches abound on the Alba Work Shirt, from the branded pearl buttons to the super cute tri-color logo tags on the front pocket and rear vent panel. We couldn't help getting a little playful with the interior label, though! We'll just keep that secret between the two of us, yeah?
+5) Easy and Breezy
+Quite possibly the most important detail of the Alba Work Shirt: it's insanely easy to care for! We're true believers that it should be a crime to make riding clothes that are hand wash only - who has the time? If it requires such delicate handling, it definitely won't be able to stand up to a full day at work or the barn. The Alba Work Shirt is so easy to take care of, even the most laundry-inept individual in your family can do it. Just turn it inside out and toss it in the washing machine with like colors on a cold cycle. Follow up with a tumble in the dryer and you're good to go! The polyester poplin fabric is wrinkle-resistant by nature, but we do recommend taking it out of the dryer as soon as you can to keep things looking extra crisp. See? Easy peasy.
+And that's the low-down on the new Alba Work Shirt! A button-down that's as tough and versatile as you are. Have a photo of you gettin' stuff done in yours? Send it in or tag us on Instagram! We love to see how people make the most out of their riding gear. Interested in ordering a whole bunch for your team, barn, or business? We can handle that too! Just drop us a line through the contact form below.
+The Alba Work Shirt is available in 8 different colors - check them out here!
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+For adventures of the equestrian variety.
+We love the look of rugged outdoor gear, and frequently repurpose hiking, camping, and snow sports apparel for our own horseback activities. We realized what the horse world really needed, though, was a multi-purpose jacket designed with the adventure-wear aesthetic we love but with all the critical design elements a real horsewoman needs.
+Enter the Salto Fleece Jacket - a full-zip fleece that on the outside looks like it would be right at home hiking up a mountain, but at it's core is crafted specifically for equestrian pursuits . Read on to learn about all of the great features we crammed into this jacket, and why it might just be every rider's new best friend... besides her horse of course.
+1) Sleek Micro-Fleece
+The most obvious feature of this rad jacket - it's a fleece! This highly-insulating, low-pile fleece is anything but a hay magnet. It keeps you super cozy without the bulk of thicker plush fabrics or down stuffing AND is easy to keep clean. Just brush off shavings, dirt, and debris with your favorite grooming implement (ours is a dandy brush) and you're ready to ride. It's machine washable too! Simply turn the jacket inside out, wash on cold with like colors, and hang to dry.
+2) Double Zipper Action
+An essential feature that all jackets designed for riders should have. A double zipper lets you zip up the top portion AND unzip the bottom a little so your jacket doesn't poof out around your middle when you sit in the saddle. Unzipping the bottom of the jacket a tad while you're riding also keeps plastic and metal parts from scratching the pommel of your saddle - nice!
+3) Reinforced Areas
+Ballistic nylon (read: it's super strong and water resistant) was chosen to keep precipitation off your shoulders and upper back when you're riding. So, basically, you no longer have any more excuses for not heading out on trail when the weather looks like it might call for a few sprinkles. Nylon elbow patches protect high-stress areas from wear and tear in the barn, too.
+4) Secure Phone Pocket
+Stay connected during your ride in a way that's safe for both you and your phone. A specialized phone pocket on the chest minimizes jostling at the trot and canter! If you're working on that musical freestyle or just like to jam when you ride, a discrete port in the phone pocket lets you thread your headphones through while keeping the cords contained safely inside the jacket.
+5) Easy Clean Pockets
+We don't know about you, but we're pretty tired of constantly sticking our hands in our jacket pockets only to find them full of treat crumbs. No matter how well you think you've cleaned them out, there are always more stuck in the seams! The Salto Fleece has mesh interior pockets with a "no seam" nylon bottom designed to catch crumbs and make them easy to clean out in one fell "scoop". So don't forget to bring a few snacks along on your next ride - your horse will thank you.
+And there you have it. An adventure-ready jacket that was actually designed with real horsewomen's needs in mind. Wear it to warm up for the show ring, to head out on a trail ride, or to finish up those barn chores. It's a multitasker that can truly handle it all.
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+It’s one of the most important steps every rider should take before getting in the saddle, yet only 18% of surveyed riders say they do it every day. Picking feet? Checking your girth?.!.
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+Clean, uncluttered, bold designs characterize this spring’s crop of new graphic tee designs. Bright contrasting inks lighten up dark tees while the addition of light fabrics introduces an element of subdued spring energy to the collection. Journey behind the designs and take a look at our inspiration for this fun and fresh line!
+For this season, we began by looking at simple statement tees and considering how we could reinvent them with subtle equestrian flair. You can find a hundred tees with the words ‘Horse Lover’ or 'Pony Power' printed across the front, but our aim was to create something that whispers equestrian in a way that only other riders would understand... while still seeming cute and colorful to the uninitiated. Choosing the right phrases was key. We sought to stay away from overused mantras and take our cues instead from the world outside of the barn, things we say every day, and our favorite quotes, of course.
+Once we settled on the right phrases, the real challenge began. There’s an art to creating a cute tee using just text. The font choice, leading (the spacing between lines) and tracking (the spacing between letters) all play a critical role. We went through scores of different font options before settling on few favorites. The result is a fresh and clean collection of graphics that lean towards modern while still capturing nostalgic, vintage vibes through the use of old-school type and design motifs.
+Our second directive with the spring collection was to explore a different direction that equestrian apparel has yet to take - embracing other languages. French and Italian are a popular candidate for many brands when looking to liven up their graphic tee offering, but when it comes down to it Spanish is the language most often heard around the barn and at horse shows across the country. We owe much of our Spanish proficiency to the generous individuals who encouraged us to use it every single day at the farm - working through pronunciations and getting verb tenses just right. There’s something magical - like a superpower even - about learning another language, and we wanted to capture just a little bit of that in our new spring designs.
+By including a few of our favorite uplifting and motivating Spanish phrases in the spring collection, we sought to both honor the prevalence of this beautiful language in the equestrian community and highlight the importance of the hardworking people who speak it. Our industry would not flourish as it does without the Spanish-speaking professionals who give it their all every single day. Incorporating Spanish into our spring collection is just a small way that we can show our gratitude for all that they do. Si se habla español y trabaja con los caballos, estamos agradecidos por todo lo que hace!
+When you design a tee, of course you need to think about what folks are going to want to wear with it, right? Luckily there’s a Derby Belt for that. We created a bevy of brand new limited edition Derby Belts to perfectly compliment the new spring collection, and boy do they look lovely together! Shades of light blue, navy, burgundy and carolina blue characterize this fresh offering, accented perfectly with enamel branding badges that add character & a vintage touch.
+We couldn’t stop at just designing new belts for our new graphic tees, either! Our best-selling performance tees now have their own line of matching Derby Belts as well. The Essential Pocket Tees are available with both long and short sleeves, classic Hunt Club graphics, and are all constructed with our proprietary wicking fabric blend. That pretty much means that we didn’t like any of the existing performance fabrics the garment industry had to offer, so we went ahead and created our own! These hardworking tees keep you dry, cool, and comfortable through spring’s unpredictable weather. Pair them with a limited edition Derby Belt and you’ve got yourself the perfect outfit for schooling in the outdoor ring or heading out for an afternoon trail ride.
+The tees are soft, the colors are bright, and the graphics are as fresh as they get. Spring has sprung here at Hunt Club - are you ready for it? For a full look at all of this season’s newest tees and accessories, check out the ever-growing collection HERE.]]>
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+Get organized
+Lose the stirrups
+Learn a new skill
+Mainfest gratitude & positivity
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+If you're like me, nothing puts you in the holiday spirit quite like baking Christmas cookies. Working in the kitchen with Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby playing in the background has a calming, stress relieving effect that's exactly what the doctor ordered, especially around the holidays.
+To save myself from ingesting far more sugar than a single person should consume in one sitting, I've started baking Christmas cookies for my horses instead! This recipe is easy, quick, and fills your house with that same delicious fresh-baked cookie scent that goes hand-in-hand with gift wrapping, christmas trees and holiday parties. This time around, I decide to give making little "gingerbread" houses a try! I picked up the perfect cookie cutter for the job over on Amazon.
+The first step is to make your cookie dough. This recipe makes about a dozen cookies, depending on size and thickness. If you're keen to whip up a bigger batch, just double the recipe! Key ingredients are as follows - all of which are safe for both human and animal consumption.
+*If you're using a cookie cutter and want to decorate your treats, use oat flour instead of regular rolled oats. If you can't purchase oat flour, just put 2 cups of rolled oats in the blender for 30 seconds. If you want to make circular-shaped horse treats and won't be using a cookie cutter, go ahead and use 2 cups of regular rolled oats.
+Start by combining your dry ingredients in a large mixing bowl. Once the oats or oat flour and all-purpose flour are thoroughly combined, mix in the molasses. You can do this with a spatula or fork if you like, but I find it's easier to form a dough with my hands since the molasses gets pretty gooey. get out that cookie cutter. You can try your hand at making these adorable mini gingerbread houses with this great cookie cutter from Amazon.. If you want to make certain your icing is the right consistency, check out our saved stories on Instagram for a good visual.!]]>
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+2) Adjust your plans based on age & experience
+3) Choose your show carefully
+4) (Almost) always stay on a leash
+5) Pack smart
+6) Bring an assistant
+7) Prepare for the trip home
+8) Always have your camera on hand
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+Hunt Club is the brainchild of 24 year old amateur equestrian, graphic designer and rad outdoorsy person Sara Ladley. Frustrated by the lack of cute and affordable schooling tees for young equestrians that didn’t look like they came straight from the kids rack, she struck out in the spring of 2014 to find a way to change the game. A lifelong outdoorswoman, she sought to meld the adventure-inspired aesthetic of popular outdoor brands with iconic imagery and classic styling that all equestrians can relate to. In April of that year Hunt Club was born - a unique equestrian label that draws inspiration from the world beyond the barn. Read on to get the scoop on what inspires Sara’s designs and the vision behind the Hunt Club brand.
+______________________________________________________________
+If it gets you outside or requires a helmet, chances are I love to do it. As a lifelong skier, climber, and lover of the outdoors, my goal is to bring the aesthetic of adventure gear to the equestrian world.
+. You tend to see two kinds of equestrian apparel on the market today - slick, sparkly, and expensive gear imported form Europe, or ultra-preppy brands that lean more towards "Lily Pulitzer" than "rugged horsewoman". I wanted something that reflected my personal style, and hopefully the style of other adventurous equestrians out there.
+The newest addition to the Hunt Club line - The Sterling Competition Sun Shirt - arrives in October of 2018.
+This year Hunt Club is moving into developing our own line of bespoke competition essentials. It's been a dream almost two years in the making, and we're so excited to shake up the industry with a show shirt designed specifically by and for hunter and equitation riders. Even while designing for the show ring, we made sure our new competition line doesn't lose sight of our core mission - to deliver casual and performance apparel that's durable, functional, with a hint of adventurous style.
+As a working adult, I view riding (and every other sport or hobby I dabble in) as an escape. You don't need to be competing at the fanciest shows, bringing home blue ribbons every weekend, or jumping a certain height to enjoy horses, being outside, and spending time with your barn family. There's no right or wrong way to enjoy time with a horse. Hunt Club's goal is to provide the gear you need to get out there and make the most of your barn time (or adventure time!) each and every day, whatever that may look like."
+xx
+-Sara
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+For various reasons which I will not go into at the moment because I don’t feel like it, I have the urge to provide wholly unsolicited but practical advice to writers. So here it is. Why should you as a writer listen to my advice? No reason except that I published two books last year, will publish two books this year and am likely to publish another couple of books next year, and aside from that I make a whole lot of money doing what I do. On the other hand, I am also famously a cranky blowhard who readily admits to having his head up his ass a lot of the time. So take it or leave it.
+1. Yes, You’re a Great Writer. So What.
+Let’s be clear on this, so there’s no confusion on that matter: No one cares that you’re totally the best writer ever. They just don’t. Because while people want their writers to be many things, “the best” isn’t usually one of those things. Readers want you to be entertaining. Editors want you to have commercial appeal and not be a pain in the ass to line edit. Publishers want you to fill a hole in their production schedule. Book stores want you to stimulate foot traffic in their store. None of that inherently has anything to do with being a great writer. If you can do one or more of these things and be a great writer, nifty. If being a great writer keeps you from doing these things, well, pal, expect to be deeply underappreciated in your time. Somewhat related to this:
+2. I Don’t Care If You’re a Better Writer Than Me.
+Because why should I? Yes, words drip from your pen like liquid gold skittering across the finest vellum ever pounded out of a lamb. Trees weep with gratitude that their deaths afford you the paper upon which you will cast your thoughts. That’s very nice for you. Meanwhile, I’ve got my own books to write, projects to develop and clients to make happy. Your preternatural ability to weave filigreed musings into deathless prose impacts my life not at all.
+I of course accept your superiority to me in the great hierarchy of writers — clearly, confronted with your brilliance, how could I not? I just don’t care. Unless you intend to spend all your time trying to thwart my career because you can’t bear to contemplate my muddy work sullying the field of endeavor over which you float, carried by the angels, simply as a practical matter what you do and what I do will have very little to do with each other.
+I suspect my feeling here will be echoed by other writers. Be as brilliant as you want to be, friend. Just don’t expect the rest of us to look up from our toil to stare agape as you waft by. And somewhat related to this:
+3. There is Always Someone Less Talented Than You Making More Money As a Writer.
+Why? Because life (and publishing) is capricious and cruel, that’s why. Some fat bastard has been rewriting the same book for the last 25 years, and each “new” book is even more of a pointlessly smudged photocopy of his last book than the one before it, which in turn was a smudged photocopy of the book before that. And after his thick, retarded lummox of a book is planted in its own stand-up display smack in the middle of the store’s primary traffic pattern, the author is going to take that money, buy a gorgeous house on Lake Tahoe with it and use the excess cash to charm smart, pretty, ambitious girls and boys to have rampaging sex with his flabby, liver-spotted body while he watches Nick Jr. on his 83-inch high-definition plasma television. Because he can. Meanwhile, you’re lucky if a single copy of your achingly beautifully-written trade paperback, for which you were paid barely enough to cover three month’s rent on a bug-infested Alphabet City 5th-floor walkup, is shelved spine inward in a forgotten limb of the bookstore for a month before its cover is amputated and sent back to the publisher as a mark of abject failure. Welcome to the literary world!
+Just remember when that happens that someone else’s retina-blindingly gorgeous manuscript — which is so much better than the tripe you write that you hardly deserve to know of its existence — lies neglected in a slush pile at a publisher, to be pawed over by a summer intern with as much taste in books as a heat-addled aardvark, before being returned 15 to 22 months after it was submitted. Yes, that’s right: You’re one of the lucky ones.
+4. Your Opinion About Other Writers (And Their Writing) Means Nothing.
+In one of the comment threads on this site, a correspondent mentions that another writer was telling her that no editor would ever buy my novels — and later that very same day I announced that I’d been signed to a two-novel deal, and that the books would be coming out in hardback. Why on this subject was this other writer so clearly and obviously wrong, wrong, wrong? Well, simple: Because he knows nothing — or at the very least, he knew nothing useful about the market in which these books would be in play. His opinion was that I was a bad writer and my books stank, but the reality was someone in a position to buy my work thought I was competent enough and the book good enough to purchase (and to justify another book purchase from me, sight unseen).
+This is not to pound on this particular writer for knowing absolutely nothing about the market he was presuming to comment upon. Well, actually that’s a lie: it is. But allow me to be the first to note that there are a lot of books out there — really successful books — that I wouldn’t have given a snowball’s chance in Hell of ever being published. And yet, there they are, selling millions. Why? Because I know nothing, too. As writers, our jobs are not to know anything about other writers and their work; our jobs are to work on our own writing.
+This is not to say one can’t have opinions about other writers and their work; we can. We all do. But we shouldn’t bother pretending that our opinions have any relation to how that writer and his or her work will fare in the world. Speaking as a writer, and someone with an opinion, I don’t need to validate my opinion by assuming it has a greater significance than being my own opinion. I have enough of an ego to feel that it merely being my opinion is good enough.
+5..
+Admittedly if everyone followed my advice the entire economy of Park Slope would implode. But look, do you want to write, or do you want to get laid? No, don’t answer that. Anyway, if you really want to impress the hot whomevers, you’ll bring your bound galleys to the coffeeshop to edit. That’ll make the laptop tappers look like pathetic chumps. We’re talking hot libidinous mammal sex for days.
+6. Until You’re Published, You’re Just in the Peanut Gallery.
+This is regarding your thoughts on the publishing industry, mind you (you’re still perfectly entitled to your opinions about what you like and don’t like. I know, it’s nice of me to let you have that, right?). And no, CafePress and the various Publish-on-Demand iterations don’t count. There’s nothing wrong with those, in my opinion, and of course I “published” my first novel on my own Web site, and I think that novel is perfectly good.
+But it’s not the same, because (among other things) if it were the same then people who get published that way wouldn’t have to spend so much of their time defensively suggesting that it is. You have to be really published by someone who is going to pay you money up front, and then get walked through the secret handshake and all the mysterious Gutenbergian rituals, and that thing with the hot type pressed searingly into your trembling but willing flesh, before anyone who is published gives a crap about what you think (and even then they don’t think much of it — see previous points).
+Yes, it’s snobbery. So what? You make it sound like snobbery is a bad thing. Anyway, not being published yet doesn’t mean you’re a bad writer, it just means you’re not published yet. But writers feel about people spouting off about writing like Marines feel about civilians spouting off about the Corps; unless you’ve done your time, you’re just farting through your larynx. Get published and then come back and tell us what you think about things.
+7. Did I Mention Life’s Not Fair?
+Well, it’s not. Take me. I got my first book sale because my agent thought of me when a publisher was looking for a particular kind of book. No effort required. Sold my first novel off of my Web site. Not much effort required there, either. Sold my second novel off a one-sentence pitch; see above (the writing of that novel, however, required a lot of effort). And now I’ve got myself a nice little book franchise with the Book of the Dumb books.
+Lucky? Well, duh. However, it’s worth mentioning that around the same time I sold my novel for a modest little sum, some 19-year-old named Christopher Paolini had his self-published fantasy book called Eragon snapped up by Knopf for $500,000; now it’s a best seller and they’re going to make a big expensive movie of it for Christmas 2005. So I’m lucky, but our young friend Paolini hit the friggin’ jackpot.
+Is it fair I have a book career through little effort of my own (aside from the trivial but necessary step of writing the books), while others of equal or greater talent plug away for years with no success? Nope. Is it fair that Paolini is a best-selling, fairly rich author at 20 years old while I have to wait until I’m 35 to have my first novel in the stores — and others have to wait even longer (if they ever get published at all)? A big fat “nope” to that one, either. Life isn’t fair. It really never has been and it seems awfully naive to expect it to become that way anytime soon.. And if you’re in a position to take advantage of similar luck, you shouldn’t feel guilty about it either. Chalk it up to an advance on your karmic balance; try not to screw it up.
+8. Don’t Be An Ass.
+Did you know that writers, editors and publishers will forget their own names and the names of their children, spouses and pets before they forget the tiniest of slights that you as a fellow writer might inflict upon them? It’s true. Verily, they could be in the throes of an advanced, prion-twisting affliction that wipes their memories clean like a Magna-Doodle in an MRI, and yet if your name is but whispered from across the room, their eyes will blaze and they will exclaim “that bastard!” before lapsing back into the blank darkness. That being the case, why would you go out of your way to antagonize these people unless it is absolutely necessary — which it almost never, ever is?
+In this life, and in this field, you’re going to have enough problems as it is. Don’t make any more enemies than you have to. Try to be nice. And if you can’t be nice, then shut the hell up and go stand in the corner with your drink and leave all the rest of us alone. Yes, yes, you’re right and everyone else is wrong. That — like your immense talent — is a given. But just because you’re right doesn’t mean you should be a dick about it.
+9. You Will Look Stupid If You’re Jealous.
+Just as there will be writers with more success and less talent than you, some of your writer friends will do better than you, by whatever standard you decide “better” counts as. And you know what you should do? Be happy for them, you neurotic twit. Because it’s more than likely that their success has almost nothing to do with you — which is to say that if they were less successful, you would probably still be no more or less successful than you are. Life is not a zero-sum game; the fortunes of others do not mean our own fortunes are diminished. I mean, for God’s sake, there are 280 million people in the United States. Do you really think the success of one of them in your field of work negates your ability to be successful? Jesus. A little self-centered, aren’t we.
+So, suck it up. Be happy for your friend. Not only is it what you’re supposed to do as a friend, and thus its own very good reason, but it’s also the way to make your friend get the idea that now that he or she is successful, they’re going to go out of their way to help you. So if you can’t be happy for your friend for his or her own sake — optimal — do it for the career opportunity it affords you — less optimal but we can’t all be cheerleaders, can we.
+(And if turns out you are the most successful among your writer friends, well, you know. Be a pal.)
+Being jealous of people you don’t even know, incidentally, is so rock-dense stupid that I’m going to pay you the compliment of assuming that you wouldn’t do something as pointless as that. You’re welcome.
+10. Life is Long.
+So long as you don’t intentionally step out in front of a bus, chances are pretty good you’ll make it to 70 or 80 or some bone-deteriorated age like that. That being the case, what are you worried about? Enjoy yourself. Enjoy the process of writing. Revel in the joy of creating whatever it is you’re creating and don’t worry. For some people writing success happens early, for others later, and for most somewhere inbetween. Did I think I’d be in my 30s before I sold my first novel? No, but there’s lots of things about my life I didn’t expect — and since I can’t imagine why I would want my life to be any different than it is, I guess that this is good thing.
+Life is long. You can write all the way through it; this ain’t gymnastics, after all. Live life, do your writing, and get used to the idea that things happen when they happen. There’s no timetable. There’s just life, and any part of it can be as good as any other to be the writer you want to be.
+I’m done.
+20 thoughts on “Even More Long-Winded (But Practical) Writing Advice”
+Love it! Good for a laugh and a smile, plus a hearty shrug and a sigh when you realize it’s all 100% true. :) Nice site.
+Between #3 and #7, writing to get published sounds as chancy as expecting to finish a Las Vegas gambling trip with any money in your pocket. Not that I wasn’t already aware of that. It just makes me wonder why I still want to do it.
+Very entertaining. And that’s what a posting should be, isn’t it. And none of that annoying question-mark-after-a-question stuff, either. Much easier to read that way, don’t you think.
+‘Someone’ (moi) already suggested that you should write that book on writing with Teresa Nielsen Hayden, and this post just reinforces the idea.
+Though I’m not sure what she thinks of all those italics :-)..
+This is pretty much exactly how I feel about (a) the software industry and (b) marriage. By any rational standard I’ve lucked into having a viable career and a charming wife by a series of accidents instead of paying the dues that other people pay. (I did toil in obscurity for years, but it had nothing at all to do with my current career, and with magical foresight I could have skipped it.)
+I can’t give any reasonable advice to anybody about how to replicate this. Which bothers me, because I know a lot of people who are suffering and I’d like to be able to do that. Maybe I need a bit more of your attitude.
+And politics works pretty much the same way, too.
+There are plenty of folks far more brilliant or personable than I am, and even some more hardworking, but I’m the one who got elected, and I’m having the time of my life.
+Are you really Blipperton?
+Well, that made me feel 120% better Unfortunately, I am one to be jealous of those formula writers *blushes* but I’ve been known to get jealous of those darn sylvan commericals too! lol
+Good rules. Real rules that are bound to offend some newbies that would and will be weeded out if not followed.
+Blipperton? Who knows? Has Scalazi been to Breadloaf?
+What’s Breadloaf?
+The “short-winded” answer, Mark is that Breadloaf is the “who’s hot–who’s not” writing conference. I’m sure John can provide a “long-winded” answer.
+Enjoyed the “rant” John.
+Nice advice for newbies like myself funny and informative, what more do you need?
+“Don’t Be An Ass.: Did you know that writers, editors and publishers will forget their own names and the names of their children, spouses and pets before they forget the tiniest of slights that you as a fellow writer might inflict upon them?”
+And this goes double– triple– quadruple for their editorial assistants…who are the editors/writers/publishers of tomorrow.
+I dunno about some of this:
+“You’re a great writer, so what?”
+If you are, maybe try to aim high and avoid succumbing to the temptation to phone it in.
+“I don’t care if you’re a better writer than me.”
+If you are, I might want to study what you do, to see whether I can learn something from your work.
+“Your Opinion About Other Writers (And Their Writing) means nothing.”
+Maybe what you want to say here is that your opinion about the *commercial potential* of other people’s writing means nothing. Although I might want to pick a bone with that, too. What if I’m an interested s-f reader who talks to book buyers and gets hold of some real sales statistics?
+“Until You’re Published, You’re Just in the Peanut Gallery.”
+I enjoy reading essays and opinions on science fiction (and sometimes the S-F publishing industry) from people who have not written or sold s-f novels. Even by people who have not sold essays and book reviews. Of course, I’m just another member of the peanut gallery. (I assume you’d be willing to award the Clarabelle seltzer bottle to Charlie Brown, by virtue of his essays being *professionally* published in the Gardner Dozois anthologies. Claire Brialey, Donald Keller, Michael Driussi, and others would need to smuggle their own squirt guns in past the SFWA security guards.)
+“You’re Not Fooling Anyone When You Take Your Laptop to a Coffee Shop, You Know.”
+As I’ve said to you before, this one may speak to your own inexperience as an habituee of coffee shops (or “coffee houses”) outside the state of Ohio.
+Yrs, trusting that the linebreaks between paragraphs will show up after I hit the post button.
+Lenny Bailes:
+“Maybe what you want to say here…”
+Maybe what I want to say is what I wrote, Lenny.
+As with anything anyone writes, your mileage may vary.
+“Your Opinion About Other Writers and Their Writing Means Nothing” strikes me as arbitrarily snotty (and possibly bad) advice to give to a new writer. Why wouldn’t you look at someone else’s work and decide (for instance) “I don’t like this. If I find myself doing the same thing, I’m going to cut it out, right now.”
+The context of your explanatory paragraph suggests that you’re talking about the pitfall of trying to judge the commercial potential of other writers and letting that judgment warp what you do. (“That’s hot, I’ll do it, too,” or “that’ll never sell, I won’t even try it”.) This seems more reasonable to me than the flat statement that your opinion of other people’s writing means nothing. Nothing to who? Obviously, it means something to you. And it might mean something to your readers, in terms of what it inspires you to write and to ignore.
+Lenny Bailes
+“‘Your Opinion About Other Writers and Their Writing Means Nothing’ strikes me as arbitrarily snotty (and possibly bad) advice to give to a new writer.”
+And I might find your analysis of why this is so equally possibly bad, largely because it appears you want this piece to be something other than what it is, both in tone and approach. Which is like complaining that chocolate cake isn’t steak. It’s not meant to be a huggy-squeezy affirmative piece, because otherwise it would be. Someone else can write huggy-squeezy advice; this is the sort of advice I chose to write. I think it’s useful, based on my experience as a writer; you may not. That’s fine.
+If you feel this is bad advice, by all means feel free to give out advice other than this. You’re perfectly entitled to your opinion, and your advice style clearly differs from mine.
+Be that as it may, this particular piece says exactly what I want it to say, how I want to say it. As I say in the piece itself, take it or leave it.
+“And if you’re in a position to take advantage of similar luck, you shouldn’t feel guilty about it either. Chalk it up to an advance on your karmic balance; try not to screw it up.”
+Absolutely right. If there’s nothing you can do about the bad luck you get, it would be quixotic to a ridiculous degree to refuse undeserved good luck. Some might argue, “Be the change you wish to see in the world” but it just doesn’t apply to luck.
+Sounds like these could be summarized as, “Shit Happens, So You’d Better Love Writing For The Writing, ‘Cause No Other Part Can Be Depended Upon.” Substitute almost anything else in life for Writing, and it holds true, too.
+I write two, just got tow boosk pubished…….first ones called “Whisper”, second I name “Bubby the Puppy”,and u might wnat to read it, its about a puppy without a tail and she looks for the tail in the whose tale and finds it at the end and then Dick gives Buppy her treat. YAAAAYYYY!!!!
+Personally I write on my laptop at the coffee shop because it’s the only place I can write without my kids climbing all over me. Darn! If I’d just had the good sense to avoid sex in the first place, I could be happily writing in the peace and quiet of my own home! Why didn’t someone warn me before it was too late?
+Introduction: How to Make a $20 Router Sled
+Full video of my $20 Router Sled build is below which can be found on my Youtube Channel, followed by materials list / tools list and a full set of written steps that you'll want to have to build your own version!
+Step 1: Gather Materials and Get Stoked (Cause This Thing Works Like a Champ)
+I have a 13" Ridgid thickness planer that is a tank. However, I can only plane up to that width, and it is unsafe to do anything end grain (in my personal opinion), so I have, for a long time, wanted to build my own jig. I chose to use MDF wood knowing that it was already very smooth, very easy to cut and rip into the right dimensions, and is quite cheap.
+Also, I stand by this design - it worked incredibly well for me on my first go around and I cannot wait to use it again.
+MATERIALS
+- 2 x 2' x 4' Pieces of MDF Wood (1/2" thick)
+- NOTE - I wanted to build a sled that could plane up to 24" wide. If you have larger or more specific needs, you can take this general approach and adapt your dimensions to fit your needs
+- 1 5/8" Wood Screws
+TOOLS
+- RYOBI Table Saw:
+- RYOBI Power Drill:
+- RYOBI 10 in. Sliding Compound Miter Saw:
+- RYOBI Miter Saw Stand:
+- RYOBI Plunge Router:
+- 1” Dado Bit:
+- RYOBI Drill Bit Set:
+- BESSEY 2.5” x 12” Clamps:
+AUDIO / VISUAL EQUIPMENT
+- Canon Rebel EOS T2i:
+- Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II Lens:
+- Rode Microphone:
+- Studio Lighting Equipment:
+- Adobe Premiere (Editorial):
+Step 2: DESIGN Your Sled
+This is the full design of my build, which again, is a result of me wanting the ability to surface plane up to two feet wide. You end up with quite a bit of excess material. I purchased my MDF material at Orchard Supply Hardware in SoCal, where they sell it in 2' x 4' sections for $8 each.
+From what I can tell, Home Depot, Lowes, and other big box retailers sell sheets of 4' x 8', so it might be slightly more expensive but you can use the large amount of excess to build additional jigs or just build a larger sled if you'd like!
+Picture 1 shows the full design.
+Picture 2 shows the cuts needed for the sled base
+Picture 3 shows the cuts needed for the sled.
+Step 3: Cuts: Sled Base
+My design leveraged the original size of my MDF. So, if you want to design the same one, then you don't need to make any cuts. High five yourself because you just saved yourself 3 minutes.
+Step 4: Cuts: Sled Base Walls
+I cut two strips from the second piece of MDF all the way through at 2.5" wide. I chose this as it would translate to me being able to plane surfaces up to that thickness. I can always cut larger strips to make the sled higher if needed for very cheap.
+Step 5: Cuts: Sled Flooring / Rail Guides
+Next, I measured the width of the base of my router plate - this will change based on what router you have. Mine was a little over 5.5". I went ahead and added 1/4" - 1/8" to that width, and then ripped down another strip of MDF from the same piece that would later become the floor of my sled and the outside guides.
+Step 6: Cuts: Sled Walls
+Lastly, I ripped two more strips, 3 inches wide to serve as the walls of my sled. Given that the sled itself will be about 25" wide, you'll need to rip two strips as cutting one single strip and then cutting in half will not yield you enough material (48" / 2 = 24" < 25"). #Math
+Step 7: Assembly: Sled Base
+To begin the assembly, I clamped a single base wall to the edge of my large base piece, making sure everything was as flush and straight as can be (Pic 1), pre drilled holes for the screws (Pic 2), then screwed in and attached the sled base wall (Pic 3).
+Picture 4 shows the final result. I then repeated for my other wall and was finished with the base
+NOTE - You must pre drill with MDF as it'll split very easily otherwise.
+Step 8: Cuts: Sled (Final Cuts)
+The goal of the sled is to hang over the railings of your base by the same width as your material. My sled is 24" wide, so I measured out, using scrap pieces of MDF, the exact width of the bottom of my sled. This came out to be 25' (24" sled width + 2 x 1/2" material).
+I then made the cuts (Pic 2) on my Miter Saw. I then measured our the sled sides to be the exact same with as the sled bottom (Pic 3) and cut to length (Pic 4). Then, using left over pieces from cutting my sled bottom (from Pic 2), I cut two pieces at 2" wide to serve as the guides for the sled against the walls (Pic 5). I also decided to add 45° angles to the sled walls (Pic 6), which has no function, I just thought it looked better aesthetically.
+Picture 7 shows all of the final cuts (sled bottom, sled sides x 2, sled guides x 2)
+Step 9: Assembly: Final Sled
+Clamp our Sled Wall pieces to the outside of your sled bottom piece (Pic 1). Double check that your router will fit comfortably but still tightly in between.
+Pre-drill holes (Pic 2) and screw in (Pic 3) your wood screws like you did with the sled base to assemble the sled. Repeat this process for the second wall on the other side.
+Finally, clamp on your guides underneath the ends of the sled base (Pic 4), pre-drill holes again (Pic 5), and screw in screws (Pic 6) to attach the guide. Repeat this process for second guide on the other side.
+Step 10: Test Your System
+Double check your sled fits and slides tightly but freely on your sled base. If you are careful with measurements and make clean cuts, this shouldn't be an issue at all!
+Step 11: Routing Groove
+Using your Plunge Router and a Dado Bit (Pic 1), plunge your router into your sled to begin routing a groove (Pic 2). Once you have made multiple passes and cut all of the way through, you should end up with a groove (Pic 3) that you can now pass your dado bit through and surface any piece of wood, etc. that you place under the sled.
+NOTE - You have the freedom to route this hole as wide as you'd like, but be careful not to do it too wide as you'll hit your sled base walls. Also, because your router will have a bit of wiggle room, you'll want to make passes with your router base plate up against both walls so the hole is clean, consistent, and slightly larger than your actual dado bit width.
+UPDATE - A lovely user pointed out (what I should have much earlier!) that adding a simple 1/2" piece to each side of the sled would be a good idea to prevent it from moving too far over on either side and hitting the edge.
+I recommend taking it from the same sled base piece that you've already cut the base and 2" guide pieces from (you should have plenty of extra to do this - and then just screw them in or use brad nails). Cheers!
+Step 12: FINISHED! Put Your New Sled to Work!
+Below is the full video of me using it for the first time on a set of Walnut Butcher Block Bedside Tables I was making.
+I am so thrilled with how well it works, and it will work for ANY type of wood material you put underneath, all you need to do is make sure the piece is secured and shimmed properly so that you begin with as flat and stable of a surface as you can (I held it with weights, but you can look into your own solutions that work for you!).
+The best part is, between the tools you need for the sled, and the materials, it will still be about half (or less) the price of a standard thickness planer, which many people can't afford and will be limited by anyways.
+29 Discussions
+Innovative!
+1 You can make a custom router base out of acrylic in a rectangular shape to fit the channel.
+2 Make the end guide pieces longer to reduce the tendency to waggle. It's OK if they project past the slider ends when you take the router that far.
+I made something similar out of scrap plywood to flatten a large sycamore round for a table. It was not nearly this pretty. One difficulty I had was that the router on its round base tended to chatter a bit as it slid through the slot. I thought to make a rectangular base for it to better fit into the slide would solve this problem but haven't had another project to test my theory.
+Only improvement I can think of is perhaps adding some stops to the channel that the router moves in so it doesn't bit into the cutout channel when your routing a piece. But otherwise, I'm building one of these :D Got some MDF from a store display that I scrapped out a couple years ago and that would work great for the router to ride on.
+So true man - so true.
+I didn't even consider that for some reason and then as I was routing the groove I thought to myself - wait - I need to make sure I don't knick the walls of this thing. A simple 1/2" additional cut from the base piece (which you'd have tons of extra material from anyways) would totally do that.
+You know what - I'm gonna go do that haha. Cheers man - good luck and enjoy your new flat surfaces!
+Sorry, but what do you mean there - you mean stops at the end of the channel on each end? To keep it from cutting the end of the channel or hitting the rails? Would you anticipate using a bushing when doing this cutting? If so, you wouldn't have to worry about stops.
+LOVE THIS IDEA! I'm not quite to point to make one. I need to learn how to use the router I just bought. Maybe practice a little this weekend. Saved this though for future ref.
+In time! have fun learning and good luck with the future build!
+When i do build though I think I will put 4 dog holes in appropriate positions so I can sit on top of workbench and easily secure it in one place.
+Excellent idea if you can fit it on your workbench like that to secure it better!
+Nice sled. It looks like it can jam up on either ends. Maybe add a little wax below to move it more smoothly?
+Definitely an option - I liked having the friction to keep it secure
+I did a quick search on Home Depot and found they do carry the 1/4" x 2' x 4' MDF sheet for about $12....
+I guess it will be on a case by case basis, but my materials were purchased from Orchard Supply Hardware in SoCal for $7.99 per 2' x 4' sheet
+require support for wide material on the left side of the table saw, it was inclined to foul the guard system
+What?
+and maybe a little wax on the outriggers so it tracks smooth ?
+Yea - I've seen paste wax used before and considered it in this built.
+However, when I texted it, I almost enjoyed the amount of friction it had so that I had more control over the forward / backwards movement. Basically it had enough friction to hold the sled properly so I could just focus on making passes back and forth.
+But yea - definitely something to consider!
+That's neat. Be careful of any moisture/warer drops though as it will deform your MDF and you might end up with a uneven surface, which is a no-go when planing!
+I meant water*
+Page 6 article text (OCR)
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T. EARLS • REAL ESTATE & LOAN CO. 61-84'.Tunct., Hayti, Missouri Phone 555, Hayti Night Phone 89177. 'Kennett 11|29 ck 12|G 300 Broadway Fire nnrt Bm K ]nr pro ot tatts. Vnult oora at factory prtcca. Frt. pnlct. Ph, W7. 11|10 pk 12JI3 Rabbits, Rabbits, Rabbits Nnwijajirie. time to putchnne breetl- slockvsom« ,.i* rlDboii winners *t any NIA fnlr. Uual sacrifice $3 up Phone Jim Roleson. WfiA. 9i23pk It For Sale Electric adding machine. T column wllh repeat, subtract, non-n<l<l, sun total nntl correction key rcntviros. Retail value J291, vclll sell for IJ25. will also consider Iracto on srnnll Tiuinuat nm- chlne. Jimmy Denl. Ph. 3527. 11129 ck 12[s IHmlcr Alllo ran. Model A-42. 42 Inch hlntlpfl. ^ HP motor. 110-22& volt. Regular $1S5, spcclnl »125. Jimmy Deal. Ph. 3527. 11:20 ck 126 FABRIC REMNANTS. Large aelectlon of remnants or decorative materials. From the stock of Dcivl'a House of Chnrm. Many beautiful pieces In both drapery ann upholstery to choose from. No-A- on display at BELLA'S SEWINQ SHOP. 319 South Division. P-lythevllle's only complete service (or alterations, drapery and slip cover work. 11J29 ck 12 : 29 USED SPRIKOS AND BBM.V MATTRESS. Tn excellent condition. A bar- sain. Ph. 3527. 11]29 ck 126 Baby* Play Pen. Regular $10, only $5. Also Baby buggy, like new. Regular 510, now only 418. Ph. 3527. 11^29 ck 12'6 Warm Mornlns Clrculalor. Inrgc 5-6 room sl7r. tn perfect conrtltlou. only S20. Ph. 3527. 11129 ck 12,6 Notice, Red Clay. Gravel and Dirt. Ph. S22t5. Mi28 pk 12 2R 1 rtln\ost new Wcnator wire recorder, this machine Is Just as uood us new— SIOO.DO, 2 Display show cases, I Display wnll case. Priced for quick sale. Apply «. O. Cash. Sullivan-Nelson chev. Co.. 301 W. Walnut St. 1128 ck tf ^2 (ecrtcr rtfis ^ 200 bu. corn. J. P. Morris, IU..3. IllythCTtlle. ll;28 pX U.2 Red cocker Spaniel pups 6 weeks. A. E. \fcCormtck. Osccoln. Ark. Telephone TifW. ll[26 pk 12 \ Will have fresh coon during the unting season. Taylors Fl.sh Mfct Ph. 9963. U 26 pk 12,4 Buy Your Winter Auto Needs Snvc on all winter needs before cold weather. Values like these: n.ittery type 1 , ,.,. jg 05 Anti-free*? pAl J pa Permanent Ami-freeze Rfll {295 Steering wheel cover ,..$.39 Montgomery Ward Co 402 W. Main Ph, «9l 11126 ck 11139 Mud & Snow Tires Priced Low Values like these prices Include ex- Recap" H1OT 13,80 13 <5 sue 0.00-18 N'e-.V linr.s '.3U-16 , 21.2^ i.70-1S 20.80 ptus fertorflt tax •low federal tat .\tont pomcry \Vnrd Co «J w. Muln Ph. «9> ' U'26 ck 1H30 Save Top Quality Building Nt-eds ImproTe your home with Wards top q««Ilty pUimolng. htatlngt A building material at low cost. No money (Sown up lo three years to pay when you buy on FHA terms. Montgomery Ward Co «2 W. Uala Ph. jf91 Leading brand oil heaters 'fi Ph. SOS8. 11(12 cost. 12JI2 Farm equipment—Massey-Harrls olze wllh 4 row equipment. I year old. Will trtule for lighter 'tractor with 2 row equipment.' Call 303 steels afl- • 6 o'clock. II [22 pit 30 Used rclrlgeralora »69.50 »tid lip Hnl- iell ti Willie. Ph. etse. 1I[1» ck tt I,arBe paper shell pecans. UPTON BOOKER S. HIWAV II. PH. <87» 1118 pk 12.6 Fire Proof Bafea Yvt. 22S los. [mpos ilhle to pick thn comblnatlnn. Price »65. Ph. «97. 11J19 pit 12110 Starks I peonies, roses, shrubs, berries & trees. Ph. 3857. FAIRV1EW ACRES S. HWT. 61 ll'lO pk I2J19 BIBLES All kind of religious books. Phone 24S9, 114 N. 21st'St. 11126 pk I For Safe, Real Estate FOR SALE .5-room house nnct bath on Holly Street. This house is in extra good condition. Gnrage ; large corner lot. Price §8,400 ?3,000. cash will handle, balance FHA. Large 7-room house a n c two large baths, in 1000 block on TIntly. Large living room and fireplace, beautiful Geneva kitchen, with Westinghouse washer and dryer. Al rooms are extra large. 8 closets plus storage. Yon will like it. For appointment to see call JOHNNY MARR i'h. .1111 or 253G 11J29 ck tf FOR SALE Three bedroom house beau tifully decorated, completely equipptd for comfok't. Central gas heat. FHA financed. Lo cated at 700 Illinois. For in spection call W. L HORNER 8151 — 22-17 11J22 ck tf Farm Land 80 acres all in cultivation. Near Blythcville. 2-good- houses. 1 good barn on grave road. School bus route. Wil. carry good loan. Price $250 per acre. See or call Jack Marsh, Realtor Ph. 900501-2720 11[28 pk 12]a YOU CAN BUY A GOOD USED TRACTOR AT Jack Robinson Implement Co. Biytheville, Arkansas — Phone 2371 rpcr-nr market," llvlnv quarter*. Rn- f-T 2 room house on two lots One of the he-it location In town, 5 mull down ^•"•nrient and 4 years on halpnce Fh 9112 t .11)23 p* 12J5 4 rm, house nt Yarbro, hy owner 'rlo 11250. ir tsken at one* Apnty nt 17 E. Cherry. 11)23 pk 12[5 3 bedroom house. Floor furnace 'attic run. On corner'lot. Low down payment, see Sam Godwin. Crosstown Whlshey Store. .. • HJ29 pic IZjlS For Sate Cars A Trucks OMO H TON PICKUP TRUCK. EtnXe body. Good clean tinlt, heater. Ifl4fl modsl Just OTerhRiileci. $750. jimmy l. Ph, 35n. •'• iiag ck 12 For Rent 3. rm, duplex, 'pvt. buth, hot> wat«r henter, «5.00 per mo,. 417 E.. Cherry. Oscar Alexander. Ph. 3470, U[29 pk 12!3 Modern unfurnished duplex apartment— 15M Hearn. Ph. 290D, 11128 pk 12^5 3-room furnished house with bath. 2M N, 7th. Ph. 2757.' 11|28 ck tf 8 rm. hiiiiKr. hath. 1104 Hnllv St. Ph. 13,%. alter fi o'clock. 1IJ23 pk 12]2 New 4 room house, Running water. Alrba.te road. Ph. 3041, Homer C. Mos- II|28 pk 12|3 Modern cublna; and apt.-*. Lflst Boy ?nnrt^^ Couples only. Ph. 9Q5l. " • " 11[25 Ck 1]26 Nice 3 room unrurn. house, batli. Water Turn. J30. 518 Lake. Ph. 2406. ll]25 pK 1313 i rm. house, bath. Ph. 3633. 11(22 pit 30 Three room furnished house with bath, 512 S. 1st or call 3535 after 5 p.m. 11J22 pk 1211 Ste»m heated offices Ph. 3253. Steam heat More building located in tht InBraro BldB Ph. 4467 or 8144. . 10131 ck tf 41fl laat U»la. 3300 »q. fe«* In m»ln building Reftnonabl* rent C«l] M12 fi» ct tl Private Rooms For rent—steam -heated front bedroom, adjoining bath, close In. ph «32. . iijlB ck tf Bedroom convenient to bMh. Steam heat fill W. Main. Ph. 3325. 11 10 ck 12)10 Female Help Wanted HOME PAHTY DEMONSTRATORS WANTED. MUST have car. Earn $50 ot more weekly In city of Blythcvllle, Write THE W. T. RAWI-E1OH COMPANY, Dept. AKK-210-HP-3. Memphis Tcnn., g^lng education ftrul experience. 11)29 pk 30 . Settled white or col o ret woman to work for approxl mately two weeks, doing housework and caring for two children. References require^ Call 8306 after 5 p.m.,'or El lis at 4461. 11..29 dh tf Wmnt*4. Mmlm Wanted iharecropper. 100 acres. N Equlpmrnl f«rn. Apply Sl« Lake St. 11129 pX 126 Operator wnnted. 8t(rady work knd p«rmhnentlj- locntW. Pn. 303 Steel*. Vo. nfler 8 O'clock. 1IJ22 pk 30 FEDERAL LAND BANK j/v/ FARM 4 U /0 LOANS NO EXPENSE— f*y r+ri 9r »n »i mnr tim* National Farm Loan Association Jar Martin, S«.T-Trfas. Ph. JS5Z Mon A Thursday Ph. 388, Any I>*7 Us* A Black and white Beagle hound. Lost round Cecil Lowes Oro. Rev/ard. Ph. 'ecu Lowe 4597 or 2030. ll|2a ck 1213 Brown money pouch containing up. troxlmately $50 In currency lost Wed- lesday. REWARD. Ph. 4241. 11J28 pk 12; Will person who picked up seh6ol us lire on Hlway 18 return to £<lpt. !llce7 Reward. n-28 ct ,]., itrayed from county farm near Lux- i. Ark. 1-5 yr. old gray horse, flax iln Si t»ll—welghlns around 1100 r.. fifteen hands hl s h. Last seen with ge hay horse mule. Finder please tlfy Jack Lucas at county farm or II Blythevllle. Ph. 6919-for reword - 11126 pk 12|4 lack A: white feet female dog, col- name plate attached—o. 8. Rolll- . * yrs., borrowed dog. Reward. Ph, 1 11|26 pX 12111 Red cockerel spaniel. 8 months old el answers to nfima Rusty, ph. 6892 11J26 pk 12;l Insurance Call'4553 For Complete Insurance Protection W. J. Pollard Agency Planned Protection - GLfcNCOK HOTEL BD1LDJNQ 12< W Alb St. . 4,'B ci « REAL'ESTATE Farms—;City. Property 1 LOANS .--. .INSURANCE If Interested In Buying or telhng •«• Nob leGi 11 Agency Glencoe Bid?. - Ph. 6868 Notice REOPENING — .WILLIAMS FISH MARKET. 523 South 21st St. Specializing In catfish. Phone 6716. U[29 p* 12|13 ArrENTION FARMERS Dead animals removed Horses mules cattle. Ph 661, Ctackton MO., or 82844 Kennett, Mo TWO STATES DISPOSAL CO. .1J1S Cfc 1216 STOP and BUY BEST BUYS IN TOWN 1951 CHEVROLET Special Sij'leline 4-Door Sedan with heater and defroster. An extra nice H1AC family car for the low price of . I*WD 1949 DODGE 2-Door Sedan, motor'has been completely overhauled. Has radio, healer and defroster, seat covers . . . only 1948 FORD V-8 2-Door Sedan, equipped with radio, heater and defroster .'. . a real buy ... 1937 CHEVROLET 4-Door, 3 New Tires, I almost new ... a good cheap hunting & fishing car 1951 CHEVROLET Deluxe '/j-Ton I'ick-XJp H14C •9951949 CHEVROLET ^-Ton Pick-Up Truck *QAC •1948 CMC 3/4-Ton Stake Body Truck $7QC 1948 FORD V-8 l!4-Ton LWB Truck, 12 ft. body, new factory rebuilt motor, 750 x 20 front, 825 x 20 rear tires, almost new. Come in and see this truck today, it's a beauty priced right! Remember, you can always make a good deal at SULLIVAN-NELSON CHEVROLET COMPANY "The Big Used Car Lot on Walnut Street" 301 West Walnut Phone 4578 Truck 1950 CHEVROLET ^-Ton Pick-Up Truck Wanted to Buy Used Ford Tractor. Ph. 2552; :• i. ' IM2S ck 1 Good used walnut dresser. Ph 6023, ll[2fi pit 12J4 We pay highest prices (or pecans—we sell directly to sheller and carry pecan s north as we go alter apples. This mnkes It possible for us to give you the highest prices. BIA'THEVILLE CURB MARKET ' 11125 ck tl We will p«.y CASH for your old Ko- dnXs. cameras and lensea for pR.rU. O'STBIN'3 STUDIO. 115 Weal UaLn 1214 ck tf Wanted Position is farm 'manager. Capahle. 25 years eseplence. can iumlsh references—Salary or commission. Box ABC % Courier News. 11[23 pk 12 1 Wanted tenant with good tractor, equipment (or large white river larm. Corn, soybeans, cattle. Cash-or ahai« Good buildings, elpctrlclty.90 acres ir- r rlgated this year. Write Boj L-9 <?, 'i Cmirler News. . I1J20 pk ay It Is said that four-legged animals are much more easily killed by lightning than are human beings. If you don't fee) like you can quite ment. H will mean bigger trade-In afford a new car this year, then why value, too. All work is fully guaran- not let Homer-Wilson make your car "showroom new." You'll drive with pride when Horner-Wilson gives your ear their automotive beauty treat- teed and you'll be surprised at th« low price. Drive in now for an estimate, you'll be glad you did. HORNER-WlLSON ON EAST
+35 Tasting Notes
+I’ve never been too familiar with Earl Grey teas, I’ve only had a few, the most recent one was the sample I got from The Jade Teapot.
+This one is definitely different, not nearly as floral smelling… This one actually almost reminds me of a perfume though… The vanilla is definitely a nice touch to it..
+This one goes down really smooth… I love the creamy vanilla taste to this. I think I just need to spend more time with this tea and Earl Greys in general… It is a great morning tea…
+I’m just gonna continue my day watching the April Fools’ marathon of the Three Stooges… I love these guys…
+Preparation
+Backlog.
+Preparation
+I originally ordered this tea from Samovar because I was getting short on the Mate Lemon Blast that I have and I like the nice kick that I get from Yerba Mate (And I admit, it was mainly because I really like Samovar’s tea and I was wanting to add more things to my order and this one was fairly cheap >_> ).
+So, when I first smelled this tea, I could smell subtle hints of sweetness in it, but it didn’t have a lemony/vegetal small like my previous yerba mate did, so I thought this would be interesting. When I steeped this, the brew was so dark compared to the other one too… So I really didn’t know what to expect with this tea when taking my first sip…. I was expecting an earthy/vegetal taste like the previous one as well, but since this was so dark and almost muddy looking, I was expecting this to be bitter which most yerba mates are supposed to be…. But man was I wrong…… This tea is really really amazing!
+This tea definitely has an earthy taste to it, but then it is followed by a nice sweet punch to your taste buds! The sweetness is especially noticeable when you exhale, it is pretty amazing. I’ll write more on this later. I highly recommend it though!
+Preparation
+We haven’t had water for the past day and a half so I’ve been going through tea withdrawls. So since it is back on and working now, I just wanted to make something really quick since the hockey game is on and I don’t want to miss anything (GO BLUES!). I’ve gotta admit, that was probably THE longest fight that I’ve ever seen, close to 3 minutes. But anyway… this tea…
+I got my sample from the monthly ROT catalogue, and I opened the package and it smelled quite nice. I couldn’t really tell what the smell was from the package but it sure did smell sweet. Once I brewed this, I could definitely smell a honey scent, it was very sweet smelling.
+Just like the smell, this tea tastes very sweet. Definitely can taste the honey in this one. I don’t get too much of a vegetal/earthy/grassy flavor of typical green teas. But this tea sure isn’t bad for a quick brew. I definitely think I could see myself buying a can of this for a quick fix of tea.
+This tea would definitely go great with a tablespoon of honey or agave nectar… Definitely a great tea for someone with a sweet tooth.
+Preparation
+The game was crazy! Fun stuff though, they won! I’m going to the free food game tomorrow night against the Predators.
+Sadly we missed the first part of the game, including the fight – but they replayed it at a fast speed actually somewhat painful. I imagine I’m gonna have to dig it up on YouTube soon. But was still nice to see them get a shutout (even if AndyMac had no points – boo). And very cool on the game tonight! Go Blues! :)
+They have the whole fight (not fast speed) on the blues website –
+Yeah, the shutout definitely was nice, Conk’s fourth of the year. Hopefully Andy Mac gets a goal or some points tonight at the game, will be quite fun!
+My Samovar order came in today!
+The smell of the yuzu is definitely noticeable compared to the green tea. It makes me want to cry because it is so amazing.
+Once brewed, the grassy/vegetal smell is much more noticeable, with slight undertones of yuzu. I kind of wish it would keep the stronger yuzu smell once brewed, but this still smells amazing.
+The first sip. This has a much grassier flavor than I originally thought it would have, which isn’t a problem at all since I love green teas. The sencha is vegetal, buttery, and creamy, with very subtle hints of yuzu in the aftertaste. With each sip, the progression of yuzu seems to get a bit stronger in the aftertaste. Next thing I know, I’m at the bottom of my mug. Damn, need to resteep.
+2nd steep, for 30 seconds. I’d have to agree with teaplz, the second steep could possibly be even better than the first. The yuzu is much more noticeable when you taste this. I’d say the tastes of the sencha and yuzu are almost equal now.
+3rd steep, 30 more seconds. I’m tasting straight yuzu now. The tea has gotten quite light, but still tastes pretty amazing… Now that I’m tasting almost straight yuzu, it reminds me of drinking a very very light or watered down yuzu juice. I think that is pretty amazing.
+With the progression of tastes in this tea, with each steep, you would almost think this is a different tea every time you tasted the new brew. Which that is just amazing.
+Overall, I think it is a pretty freaking awesome tea. It is a nice, light, refreshing tea that cleanses the palette after almost each sip. But, there is a part of me that was a little let down. Not with this tea itself, but at my expectations of this tea. Let me explain.
+When this tea first appeared on Samovar’s site, I got so excited. I was so happy that I found a yuzu green tea that I could get outside of Japan (then again, I never actively searched for some after I got back home). The first thing that came to mind was the amazing yuzu tea that I had while in Japan. I then went on a little stroll down memory lane. Britt and I were back in Harajuku, and we were walking down Omotesando. I wanted to get some tea at this interesting looking tea shop that was above Heiroku Sushi (which is an amazing kaitenzushi/conveyor belt sushi restaurant, I’d highly recommend going there). So we stopped in there, and I decided to go with the yuzu tea since I had been hooked on drinking hot yuzu juice from the conbini during my stay there. It tasted glorious, it was like they brewed the tea with straight yuzu juice, and it also had a few large chunks of the citrus-y fruit in there along with the tea. It was even better than the yuzu juice that I had been hooked on. So, we come back to reality, and I think to myself “Man, I gotta get this! It is yuzu tea, just like I had in Japan!” So, I am a little disappointed in myself and thinking this was going to taste exactly like the tea I had in Japan.
+But this tea, definitely a winner in my book. I’d highly recommend it!
+Preparation
+I LOVE green teas, but no I didn’t order this. I ordered their yixing pot and calendar to get the tencha.
+Well, if you’re ever interested in trying this and wanna do a tea swap, I’d be more than happy to trade ya.
+Yeah, I saw that deal, but I had already made my order for the steepster select four seasons oolong.
+So good! Yay that you liked the second steep just as much, if not better than the first! I never got to the third steep, but I’ve definitely got to try it, from what you wrote!
+I actually got up to 5 steepings, and I could have kept going! But pretty much from the third steep on it tastes just like a watered down yuzu juice, which definitely isn’t a bad thing.
+Congratulations! Welcome to the Samovar family!
+…Is it just me, or did that just kinda sound like Samovar drinkers are part of the mafia?
+Anyhow, this was a fantastic read. Love this tea!
+Cofftea: LOL, true.
+takgoti: Thanks! I already had a handful of their stuff, but my collection is definitely growing. And I wouldn’t call it being part of the tea mafia… I’d say we are a legitimate group of people that like to pursue things in a particular way…. or… something along those lines….
+OH NO! I think I ordered 6 teas from Samovar and this one wasn’t on it – and you make this tea sound delectable! UGH!
+Oh, durr. There have been so many people losing their Samovar virginity lately that I see, “My Samovar order came in,” and my mind automatically goes, “Ahhh, yesssss. Welcome to the fold.”
+You are no Samovar newbie, though! Regardless, great review! I’m going to need to add this to my tea agenda for tomorrow. I haven’t had it in a while.
+Lauren: Temptation is gooooooooooooood
+takgoti: You better add it! It’ll be soooo worth it.
+teaplz: What did ya get?
+Okay, okay – it’s on my Shopping List and when I make up my THIRD order of Samovar (thanks a lot, takgoti, I only heard of Samovar when you were first made ambassador!) I will be sure to add this because I love sencha and am curious about yuzu and “It makes me want to cry because it is so amazing” got to me, I admit it!
+Still.
+Preparation
+The 3rd sample from The Jade Teapot that I’ve tried.
+The smells of this are very strong. Definitely can smell the pomegranate right off the bat, but with each time I take a whiff of this, I can smell the more subtle things like the blueberry and peony. When comparing to a bag of pomegranate white tea from Argo Tea, the white tea from Argo smells like a much sweeter pomegranate. The blueberry pomegranate tea from TJT smells like pure pomegranate juice almost.
+I think this tastes quite nice, but I do agree with Erin that the fruity flavor can be a bit overpowering. But to me, that isn’t a bad thing. I would recommend steeping this at low times and temps so the pomegranate and blueberry isn’t super overpowering. I still find this to be a good, relaxing tea.
+Preparation
+This.
+Preparation
+I
+Preparation
+Just!
+Avadh Behari, J.
+(1) At the conclusion of the hearing I announced my judgment. I dismissed the objections under Section 30 and 33 of the Arbitration Act filed against the award dated November 3, 1969. and made the award a rule of the court. I now proceed to give ray reasons.
+(2) This is an unfortunate litigation between two brothers and their sons Mahashaya Krishan was the founder of a well known newspaper Daily Pratap. His two sons K. Narendra and Virendra continued the business of that newspaper after his death. Anil Narendra is the son of K. Narendra. Lalit Moban is the son of Virendra.
+(3) The parties entered into a partnership on February 27, 1963. A deed in writing was executed. The arrangement was that K. Narendra and his son Anil Narendra will run the Delhi office of the newspaper 'Daily Pratap'. Virendra and his son Lalit Mohan will look after the Jullundur office. Daily Pratap is published both at Delhi and Jullundur.
+(4) It appears that this partnership business could not be carried on between the brothers and their sons and the parties decided to put an end to it on August 5, 1965. Disputes regarding accounts arose and the same could not be settled mutually. On August 31. 1968. all the four parties executed an agreement of reference and appointed Shri Som Nath Marwaha, an advocate of this court as the sole arbitrator to decide the disputes relating to the matter of accounts kept at New Delhi and Jullundur relating to the editions of the paper The Daily Pratap' and differences regarding the termination of partnership with effect from August 5, 1965, as also regarding amounts due to each of the partner out of the profits of the partnership concern.
+(5) It is recited in the arbitration agreement that Shri Som Nath Marwaha was conducting cases of K. Narendra for the last several years before the execution of the agreement. He was known to the family. The parties had trust and confidence in him- thereforee, wide powers for the settlement of the disputes were conferred on him so that the matter may not be litigated in court. Clause 3 of this agreement is material and is in there terms:
+'IT is agreed that the awards whether interim or final of the arbitrator whether with or without enquiry made shall be final and binding on the parties and it will not be open to any objection. It would be in the sole discretion of the arbitrator to take evidence or not to hear any party or not, take assistance of any body in getting the accounts checked or not and to arrive at his decision in any way he likes even behind the back of all or any of the parties. It is open to him to keep the record of proceedings or not and even if any is kept it may not be made available to any court along- with the award or to the parties and may not be treated as an arbitration record and he may or may not preserve the same. It will be open to the arbitrator to extend the time for the making of the award v^ith the consent of the parties to such time as is agreed to without applying to the court for extension of time for the making of the award.'
+(6) On December 17, 1968, the sole arbitrator entered upon the reference. During the course of the arbitration proceedings it became known to the arbitrator that Lalit Mohan son of Virendra had already instituted suit for rendition of accounts in the court at Jullundur against K. Narendra and his son. In that suit K. Narendra moved an application under Section 34 of the Arbitration Act which was decided against him. K. Narendra preferred an appeal to the High Court of Punjab and Haryana.
+(7) On these facts coming to the knowledge of the arbitrator he asked the parties either to withdraw the suit and the appeal or to file the reference in court in the pending suit. On January 31, 1969. the suit was withdrawn by Lalit Mohan and the same was dismissed as withdrawn. Similarly, the appeal pending in the High Court of Punjab was also dismissed as withdrawn. Proceedings continued before the arbitrator. On September 30, 1968, the arbitrator extended the time for making the award uptil January 31, 1970. This was done by him on a joint application made by the parties. This application, though undated is referred to in the order of September 30, 1969./ The parties in the application requested the arbitrator to extend the time for making the award. The arbitrator in terms of the joint memo signed and filed by all the four parties extended the time till January 31, 1970.
+(8) On October 25, 1969, the arbitrator directed the parties to appear before him on November 2, 1969. The parties appeared on November 2, 1969. On that day efforts were made for an agreed award. It was not found possible. The parties, however, agreed that for the purposes of arbitration K. Narendra and his son Anil Narendra be treated as one party and Virendra and Lalit Mohan be treated as other. The parties requested that the arbitrator may find the amount payable by one party to another without specifying any definite share. Regarding payment of interest on the amount so found due K. Narendra suggested that it should not be awarded at the market rate but at the Bank rate if the amount is not paid within a fixed period. At the end the parties requested the arbitrator to make his award. In the proceedings dated November 2, 1969, the arbitrator said :
+'INview of the above, I shall thereforee, be making an award. Parties state that they have to say nothing further in respect of disputes referred to the arbitrator for decision.'
+(9) On November 3, 1969, the arbitrator made his award. It is a brief award. After reciting the disputes between the parties the arbitrator made the award in these terms :
+'AWARD
+WHEREASthe Claimants and Respondents have been carrying on business as Newspaper Proprietors under the name and style of Daily 'PRATAP' at New Delhi and Jullundur.
+WHEREASdisputes arose between the parties in the matter of Accounts kept at New Delhi and Jullundur relating to the Editions of the paper, the 'DAILY PRATAP' published at the said two places as a joint concern of the parties, and also regarding the termination of Partnership with effect from 5-8-1965 effected by Shri K. Narindra and also regarding amounts due to the partner out of the profits of the Joint concern.
+ANDwhereas by an Arbitration agreement dated 31-8-1968 the said disputes and such other which incidentally or otherwise arise in connection with the disputes where referred to me as Sole Arbitrator for determination.
+Nowi, having duly considered the various disputes which arose between the claimants and the respondents do hereby make my Award as follows :
+Award
+1.That the respondents are liable to pay to the Claimants a sum of Rs. 2,61,000.00 (Rupees Two Lacs and Sixty one thousand) only, in full and final settlement of all the Claims and Disputes.
+2.That the Awarded amount of Rs. 2,61,000.00 (Two Lacs & Sixty one thousand only) shall carry 4 per cent interest from the date of Award till date of actual payment.
+3.That the respondents are given time to pay Rs. 1,00,000.00 (Rupees one lac) to the Claimants within 3 months of the date of Award. The next Rs. 1,00,000.00 (Rs. One Lac within one year from the date of award and the balance amount within one and a half year from the date of Award.
+4.That the parties are left to bear their own costs of Arbitration proceedings.
+THISAward is made this 3rd Day of November 1969 at Delhi.
+Sd..00
+(SOMNATH MARWAHA)
+Sole-Arbitrator.'
+Delhi.
+DATED3-11-69.
+(10) The arbitrator gave notice of the award on November 12, 1969.
+(11) On November 12, 1969, Anil Narendra made an application under Section 14(2) of the Arbitration Act praying that the arbitrator may be directed to file the award together with depositions and documents taken and proved before hen. This application was registered as Suit No. 434-A of 1969.
+(12) On November 29, 1969, Virendra and his son Lalit Mohan moved another application under Section 17 of the Arbitration Act praying that the award be made a rule of the court. This application was registered as Suit No. 448-A of 1969. This judgment will govern both the suits.
+(13) The arbitrator filed his award sometime in December, 1969. On February 13, 1970, Anil Narendra filed objections to the award under Ss. 30 & 33 of the Arbitration Act. On February 18, 1970, his father K. Narendra filed identical objections to the award.
+(14) In the objections the award has been attacked on a variety of grounds. Firstly it is said that the reference to the arbitrator was illegal as a suit was pending at the time when the parties executed the agreement of reference on August 31, 1968. Second it was alleged that the agreement is couched in terms far too wide and it confers arbitrary powers on the arbitrator which are against the principles of natural justice. Third it was said that the arbitrator was guilty of misconduct as he decided the matter in the absence of the objectors. Fourth it was said that though the objectors specifically challenged the accounts, yet the arbitrator did not summon the account books from the opposite parties and did not go through the accounts. It was said that the arbitrator was labouring under a misapprehension about the accounts of Jullundur office. Lastly, it was said that the award was illegal as it was made beyond time.
+(15) On the pleadings of the parties the following issues were framed on April 21, 1970 :-
+1.Was there no valid agreement between the parties to refer the dispute to arbitration O.P.
+2.Is the award liable to be set aside on the basis of the objections contained in para 5 of the objections filed on behalf of the petitioner O.P.
+3.Are parties other than respondents I and 2 estopped from raising the objections which they have filed to the award onus on respondents 1 & 2.
+(16) Issues 1 and 2 : Mr. T. N. Sethi, counsel for the objectors has attacked the award mainly on five grounds. The first and the foremost ground taken by him is that the reference itself was illegal as a suit for accounts was pending between the parties. The counsel urged that in view of the provisions of Sections 21 and 23 of the Arbitration Act no agreement of reference could validly be executed regarding the subject matter of the suit. Reliance was placed by the counsel on Jugaldas Damodar Modi & Co. v. Purshottam Umedbhai & Co., : AIR1953Cal690 , (1) I.G.H. Ariff and others v. Bengal Silk Mills Ltd. and another, Air 1949 Cal 350, Indramoni Mohapatra v. Nilamoni Moharana, : AIR1950Ori169 , and Kunheen Marakkar v.. Kunhipathumma and others, : AIR1959Ker414 . It is not necessary to examine these authorities at length for it is well settled that a private reference to arbitration in an identical suit without the knowledge of the court and without its direction is invalid and an award resulting there from cannot be made a rule of the court unless all the parties interested in the suit consent to the award being filed into Court as a compromise or adjustment of the suit under O. Xxiii, R. 3, Code of Civil Procedure as is provided by Section 47 of the Arbitration Act. This is the rule enunciated in these authorities. The fact of this case are, however, different and, thereforee, the principle as enunciated these authorities is not applicable.
+(17) It is true that on the date of the execution of the agreement of reference a suit for accounts was pending in Jullundur court and an appeal was pending in the High Court of Punjab against the refusal to stay of the suit. These facts, however, escaped the attention of the arbitrator probably because the parties did not bring these facts to his attention. Any way the fact remains that during the pendency of the suit the parties referred the matter of the sole arbitrator on August 31, 1968. On December 19, 1968, K. Narendra worte a letter to his counsel at Chandigarh informing him that the matter has been referred to the sole arbitrator and in view thereof the proceedings both at Jullundur and Chandigarh will have to be withdrawn. In his proceedings on December 30, 1968, the sole arbitrator asked the parties to withdraw the proceedings. It appears that on, January 31, 1969, an application was moved in Jullundur court for the withdrawal of the suit and as a result the suit was dismissed. On that very day Varindra wrote a letter to the arbitrator informing him that the suit against K. Narendra and Anil Narendra has been withdrawn and that he can now announce his award whenever he thought proper. The appeal in the High Court was similarly withdrawn as the suit out of which the appeal had arisen had itself been dismissed, it is the admitted case of the parties that on November 3, 1969, when the award was made, no suit or appeal was pending. The question, thereforee, is: Have Sections 21 and 23 of the Arbitration Act any application to the facts such as I have found?
+(18) In Jugaldas Damodar Modi & Co.'s case (supra) Bachawat, J. held that like other arbitration agreements a contract in writing to refer to arbitration matters in dispute in a suit, while the suit is pending. is legal. Such contract does not oust the jurisdiction of the Court and is not in restraint of legal proceedings. Section 21 of the Arbitration Act pre-supposes that such contract is legal and that its subject-matter is lawful. There is a clear distinction in cases where the parties wish to proceed under Chapter 2 or Chapter 4 of the Arbitration Act. Where the parties want to have arbitration in a pending suit they must apply for an order of reference and the court draws up an order referring to the arbitrator the matters in difference in suit. Bachawat, J. said :
+'THEagreement does not give life and vitality to the arbitration and award independently of the order of reference because the parties did not intend to arbitrate independently of the order of the Court made on their joint application. They intended to go to arbitration under the reference by the Court.'
+(19) In Financiers and Fibre Dealers Ltd. v. Sankarlal Sardar, : AIR1961Cal46 , the ruling of Bachawat, J. was considered and the distinction was brought out. It was held that the parties can well refer the disputes in suit under Chapter Ii by withdrawing the suit and making a reference thereafter. Mallick J. said :
+'IFthat is so, why should the parties be legally incompetent to make the reference under Chapter Ii even when the suit is pending, if they intend that suit is to be withdraws subsequently and in fact withdrew the suit before the arbitrator made his award. ?'
+(20) An agreement to refer a dispute to arbitration when the suit is pending for adjudication of the dispute is not illegal. Bachawat, J. so held and his view was followed by P. C. Mallick, J. in Financiers and Fibre Dealers Ltd., (Supra).
+(21) In my view it is a good agreement in law. After withdrawal of the suit there can be no supervision by the court of the arbitration proceedings- After withdrawal the award cannot be filed in the suit. It cannot be said that the reference is void because such a reference amounts to an ouster of the jurisdiction of the court. The parties are competent to make a valid reference under Chapter Ii of the disputes in a pending suit if they agree to arbitration without the supervision of the court and to withdraw the suit, even if the reference is made before the withdrawal of the suit. It would be enough in law that the award is made after the suit is withdrawn when proceedings to obtain judgment in terms of the award can be obtained not in the suit itself under Chapter Iv but under Chapter Ii of the Act in an independent and a new proceeding.
+(22) The principle of law is this. If the parties desire that the dispute be settled by a private tribunal and without the intervention of the court the procedure is indicated in Chapter Ii of the Arbitration Act. If they want the reference of the disputes in a pending suit they must follow the procedure of Chapter IV. The same matter cannot come before two Tribunals-a public tribunal and a domestic forum chosen by the parties. The law does not permit the same question to be decided by a court of law as well as an arbitrator and it is only when the dispute before the two tribunals is identical that a decision given by the arbitrator must be treated as ultra vires. This is the principle enunciated in Doleman and Sons v. Ossett Corporation 1912 (3) K. B. 257 (6). This case has been followed in India in a large number of decisions.
+(23) In the present case when the arbitrator made the award there was no suit pending. The suit and the appeal had been withdrawn on January 31, 1969. The parties agreed to an extension of time on September 30, 1969. This agreement to extend the time of the arbitrator for making the award itself amounts to a new agreement by the parties and is a clear proof of the fact that they wanted the matter to be settled by a domestic forum as they had withdrawn the court proceedings.
+(24) The second ground of attack is that the arbitration agreement itself is invalid on account of the wide powers conferred on the arbitrator. It was urged that such an arbitration agreement is against the principles of natural justice. I do not agree. It is for the parties to choose how and in what manner they desire that the arbitrator should decide their disputes. The arbitration agreement was framed in identical terms in Damodar Parshad Gupta v. Messrs. Saxena and Co. 1958 Plr 638 (7). The Division bench in that case held that a submission clause may provide in clear and unequivocal language that the arbitrator may proceed in the absence of the parties or that he may or may not bear the witness, or that he may give his award without enquiry and the award will not be invalidated on the ground that the arbitrator had refused to hear evidence. If the arbitrator acts within the scope of the authority conferred upon him by the agreement of the parties, and if he keeps himself within the jurisdiction so conferred, his award is as valid and binding as a judgment of the court of law.
+(25) The counsel for the objectors relies on Dewan Singh v. Champal Singh and others, : [1970]2SCR903 . In my view this authority does not assist him. The Supreme Court held that the arbitrators cannot decide the disputes on the basis of their personal knowledge even if the submission clause provides that they may decide the disputes referred to them in whatever manner they think. In this ruling itself it was held :
+'IT is true that parties to an agreement of reference may include in it such clauses as they think fit unless prohibited by law. It is normally an implied term of an arbitration agreement that the arbitrators must decide the dispute in accordance with the ordinary law: See Chandns v. Isbrandtsen Moller 1951 1 Kb 240 that rule can be departed from only if specifically provided for in the submission.'
+(26) The submission clause specifically provided that the arbitrator may adopt the procedure indicated in clause 3 which I have set out above.
+(27) There is another answer to this objection. The arbitrator, though clothed with wide powers did not choose to exercise any of. those powers. He kept record of the proceedings which he has produced in court. He fully heard the parties. He took pains on accounts. K. Narendra on December 17, 1968, stated before the arbitrator that he should be heard in the absence of his brother Virendra and his son. The parties, it appears, did not like to face each other in this unpleasant wrangle. The arbitrator agreed to adopt this procedure. He invited objections from K. Narendra. He called upon Virendra to answer the objections. One Mr. Chawla appeared before the arbitrator on behalf of K. Narendra to explain the case, On behalf of Virendra R. L. Sethi appeared to explain the accounts and the objections. The parties had no grievance on any score what' soever. In their signed statement recorded on November 2, 1969, they stated that they had nothing more to say in respect of the dispute and requested the/arbitrator to proceed to the making of the award.
+(28) All that the Court has to see is whether the arbitrator has kepi himself within the jurisdiction conferred on him by the parties' agreement as his jurisdiction is essentially consensual. As regards the argument that wide powers conferred on the arbitrator conflict with the principles of natural justice I will prefer to say what P. B. Mukharji J. said in D. L. Miller and Co., Ltd., v. Daluram Goganmull, : AIR1956Cal361 :
+'......when the parties agree to go to arbitration they stipulate not so much for vague principles of natural justice as for concrete principles of contractual justice according to the contracts of the parties and unit specific stipulations.'
+'WHEREthe contract of arbitration itself prescribes a private procedure of its own. then as long as such agreed private procedure is not against the laws and the statutes of the land, then such agreed procedure must prevail over the notions and principles of natural justice.'
+ANDagain:
+'TIMEhas come to insist that enthusiasm for natural justice must always be tempered with due and proper regard for contractual justice to which the parties agree. Parties have the right by contract to provide for their own private forum of arbitration and also to prove for their private procedure. Where private procedure speaks in clear terms the voice of natural justice remains silent-'
+(29) Next it was contended that the arbitrator did not call for the account books of Jullundur office and did not look into them and failed to find the capital investment of the parties. I find that there is no substance in this contention. The arbitrator went into the accounts as thoroughly as he could and came to his own conclusion.
+(30) The objector argued that the account books of Jullundur office were never made available to them for inspection and that the arbitrator did not attempt to find out what was the capital account of the parties. It was said that the arbitrator could not have found that a sum of Rs. 2.61,000 was due from K. Narendra and his son to Virendra and his son if he had tried to find out the capital investment of the partics.
+(31) I have been taken through the record of the procedings of the arbitrator and the evidence led by the parties in court K. Narendra raised one objection as would appear from the arbitrator's proceedings dated December 18, 1968, December 19, 1968 and December 30, 1968 and it was this. He challenged the accuracy of the accounts maintained by the Jullundur office. He in particular objected to the accounts for the period February 27, 1973 to August 5, 1965. Ha asked for balance-sheets of this period. These were produced befora the arbitrator. The arbitrator called upon K. Narendra to raise specific objections to the Jullundur accounts. In his letter dated December 26, 1968, he raised as many as ten objections. The arbitrator called upon Virendra to explain the objections which he did. Each item was considered in the proceedings. No request was, at any time, made for summoning the account books from Jullundur.
+(32) As regards the capital investment K. Narendia raised a specific objection. The arbitrator called upon K. Virendra to explain his stand as regards the capital. In his letter dated January 17, 1969, Virendra stated that in Delhi balance-sheets the amount shown as capital was Rs. 3,61,150.46 which was split up amongst the partners. In Jullundur the capital was Rs. 1,18,753.58. Same was the capital at Delhi. The shares of the branches were 50 : 50. In the wealth tax statement also this statement of capital was given. It is well settled that the court cannot probe the mental process of the arbitrator and sit in appeal over his judgment. It is not within the province of this court to find out how the amount of Rs. 2,61,000 was arrived at by the arbitrator. What were his processes? What was the material and the evidence before him which he considered and weighed in his mind
+(33) The counsel relied upon Union of India v. Bakshi Ram 1957 P&H; 1210 (10) in support of his submissions. This ruling was considered at great length in Messrs. The Salween Timber and Construction Company (India) v. Union of India 1968 D.L.T. 93 (11) and it was held that it is not open to the court to speculate or to go into the evidence and try to find out as to what impelled the arbitrator to arrive at his conclusions or to attempt to probe the mental processes by which he reached his conclusion.
+(34) Next the objectors' counsel attacked the award on the ground that time was not validly extended and the award is vitiated on that ground. There is no merit in this argument. In the joint memo filed before the arbitrator a request was made to him to extend the time to make the award. The arbitrator agreed. Time was extended till January 31, 1970.
+(35) The counsel then argued that time was extended long after four months of the execution of the arbitration agreement. The arbitration agreement was executed on August 31, 1968, while the time was extended on September 30, 1969. Under the arbitration agreement the arbitrator had the power to extend the time with the consent of the parties without applying to the court. The parties consented and the arbitrator extended the time. There is nothing wrong in this. The arbitrator's jurisdiction is founded on consent. The parties having consented to extension of time are now estopped from challenging the award on that ground.
+(36) Lastly, the counsel urged that Anil Narendra was never informed of the arbitration proceedings and the award is, thereforee, not binding on him. This argument is without substance. Anil Narendra appeared before the arbitrator on November 2, 1969, and his preference has been recorded before the arbitrator on that date. He made a statement that he had nothing more to add to his case. His father K. Narendra throughout appeared before the arbitrator on his own behalf and on behalf of his son. Father and son constituted one party on each side. This is in evidence of K. Narendra that he discussed the arbitration case with his son as well as the proceedings before the arbitrator. I am not, thereforee, prepared to place any reliance on the testimony of Anil Narendra in view of his signed statement before the arbitrator on November 2, 1969. He never raised an objection before the arbitrator that he was in the dark about the arbitration proceedings. On the other hand he invited the arbitrator to make his award.
+(37) On issues 1 and 2 I hold that there was a valid agreement between the parties to refer the dispute to arbitration and that the award is not liable to be set aside on any of the grounds contained in paragraph 5 of the objection petition. Both these issues are decided against the objectors-petitions.
+(38) Issue No. 3 This issue was raised on the pleadings of Virendra and his son.. They pleaded estoppel. The plea is founded on two facts. It is urged that K. Narendra and his son are estopped from raising the objection as (1) they participated in the proceedings from start to finish and (2) they made a joint application requesting the arbitrator to extend the time on September 30, 1969. On November 2, 1969, they submitted before the arbitrator that an award in a lump-sum be made without specifying the shares and that interest be not awarded at the market rate and that each branch be treated as one party. They said all that they wanted to say and requested the arbitrator to make his award as it was not possible for them to agree amongst themselves. The arbitrator then made the award. The award has gone against K. Narendra and his son.
+(39) There is a plethora of decisions both in England and in India on the doctrine of estoppel- In India the leading case is Sarat Chunder Dey v. Gopal Chunder Laha 19 I.A. 203 (12) where the principle laid down by the House of Lords in Cairncross v. Lorimer (1860) 7 Jur. N.S. 149 (13) was approved by the Judicial Committee. The doctrine is contained in Section 115 of the Evidence Act.
+(40) As long ago as 1876 Sir James Colvile delivering the judgment of the Privy Council said :
+'ONthe whole, thereforee, their Lordship favorable to himself; and that it is too late for him, after the award has been made, and on the application to file the award, to insist on this objection to the filing of the award.' (Chowdhri Murtaza Hossein v. Mussumat Bibi Beihunnissa 3 I.A. 209). (14)
+(41) The essence of the doctrine is that a party cannot lie by and then object to the award if it is against him. A party cannot be permitted in law to participate in the arbitration proceedings without protest or objection and then attack the award on the ground of alleged misconduct or irregularity of procedure if it suits his purpose. Estoppel in this form is a kind of waiver. Although the distinction between estoppel and waiver has now been worked out with some precision and that estoppel is said to be a rule of evidence while waiver is said to be a cause of action the old statement of Bigelow that when something is called waiver what is done is that estoppel is given a new name, has perhaps not altogether lost its force : -See Union of India v. K. P. Mandal, : AIR1958Cal415 . (15)
+(42) It is well settled that where a party has raised no objection at the appropriate stage and has in fact allowed the arbitrator to proceed with the case he cannot be permitted subsequently to take objection and impute misconduct to the arbitrator in that regard. Similarly objection with regard to time can also be waived. Where after the expiry of four months a party continues to appear before the arbitrator and make his submissions and request the arbitrator to make the award it will not be just and proper to allow that party to raise objection when he finds that the award has gone against him. In M/s. Bokari and Ramgu Ltd. v. Dr. Prasun Kumar : AIR1968Pat150 , it was held that the party having taken a willing part in the deliberations before the arbitrator after the expiry of four months without any objection or protest or the like was estopped from challenging the validity of the award on the ground of its having been given after the expiry of the period. The rule of estoppel is an equitable doctrine and equity will not assist a party who lies by and when the award goes against him raises all sorts of objections. I, thereforee, hold that the objectors are estopped from raising objections to the award and find this issue in favor of respondents I and 2.
+(43) In the result, objections to the award filed by K. Narendra and Anil Narendra under Sections 30 and 33 of the Arbitration Act are dismissed. The award is made a rule of the court and I pronounce judgment and decree in terms of the award. Virendra and Lalit Mohan will be entitled to interest at the rate of 4 per cent from the date of the award till payment as directed by the arbitrator and as now ordered by me and costs.
+(44) The application under Section 17 filed by Virendra and Lalit Mohan and registered as Suit No. 448-A of 1969 automatically succeeds. Counsel's fee Rs. 200.00. One fee in both the cases.
+Rebel Renaissance
+Resurgent Syrian Rebels Aim for Assad
+Important victories may presage major changes in the fortunes of the anti-regime fighters. They may also encourage al Qaeda’s clients to break ranks. A twisted tale.
+Ammar Abdullah/Reuters
+GAZIANTEP, Turkey—The.
+Such is the rebels’ soaring confidence that they talk of taking the war out of northwest Syria and positioning themselves either to put pressure on Latakia or strike south towards Hama, affording them the opportunity to threaten the Syrian capital and coordinate more with rebel militias in the southern and eastern suburbs of Damascus.
+From the despair and anger of December and January, when Assad’s forces appeared a skirmish away from encircling rebel-held districts in Aleppo and severing insurgent supply lines to Turkey, the transformation is remarkable. Back then, plagued by infighting and demoralized by the US-led coalition’s focus on the jihadists of the self-styled Islamic State, Syrian rebels were directionless and pessimistic about their chances of toppling Assad. I met many fighters who were throwing in the towel and deciding they had had enough after four years of struggle..
+Western-backed militias saw their arms supplies and cash from Washington reduced significantly or in some cases cut altogether. U.S. officials argued this was performance-related or punishment for their fighting alongside hardcore Islamist brigades and al Nusra. Rebel commanders suspected the cuts were designed to force rebels to leave their brigades and enlist in the U.S.-planned train-and-equip program for the raising of a Syrian rebel proxy force to take on the Islamic State, still widely known as ISIS.
+Anger at the West and the Gulf states hasn’t subsided. Rather, it has turned to disdain.
+Inspiring this new-found coordination among the rebel militias that have made such gains is the realization that they can’t rely on anyone but themselves. Their attitude, emphasized to me by several rebel commanders and fighters I have spoken with over the past week, is that the World has let them down and so it is up to them now.
+Western analysts have given credit for the capture of Idlib and Jisr al-Shughour to ramped-up support from Riyadh, Doha and Ankara. But the commanders here insist their recent gains, including the capture of Idlib, which is only the second provincial capital lost by Assad in this war, are not the result of outside assistance.
+.”
+Another insurgent commander who participated in the assault on Idlib says more advanced weapons supplied by the Americans, including TOW anti-tank missiles, are being used by brigades fighting with Jaish al Fata.
+Some of these weapons had been supplied last year by the U.S. and were seized from two Washington-backed militias, Harakat al Hazm and the Syria Revolutionaries Front, which collapsed earlier this year after infighting with jihadists and Islamists. Other American-supplied weaponry is being used in the current offensive by militias still backed by Washington, including Division 13 and Fursan al Haq, which are cooperating with the new Islamist alliance but are not formally part of its command structure.
+Is it possible, likely or credible that Al Qaeda affiliate Jabhat al Nusra will split with its parent organization? The success of the offensive in Idlib is adding impetus to the debate within Jabhat al Nusra about precisely that subject. Several rebel commanders and Syrian opposition figures say it is highly likely that al Nusra will soon break apart formally, roughly along the lines of local vs. foreign fighters, with the former opting out of the infamous terrorist affiliation.
+“I think it will happen soon,” says Muhamed Nabih Osman, who oversees a charitable association for former Assad prisoners. “You have to understand that al Nusra consists of two very different parts and that one part, mostly local fighters, are not interested in global jihad.”
+Sitting in a nondescript office in central Gaziantep, the gray-haired former electrical engineer who was imprisoned for 14 years by Assad in the notorious Tadmor jail in the deserts of eastern Syria, says most Nusra fighters see Assad as the enemy and not the West. He dismisses Western accusations that the ideology of most in the new Islamist alliance is anti-democratic and hostile to minorities.
+“The West is living in detached world of philosophical ideas,” the former engineer says, speaking slowly and methodically. “They want us to conform to their ideas but we can disagree with them without being extremists. Thousands of people are getting killed and they are worried about what happens after Assad and they want to teach us about democracy and women’s rights. They don’t provide safe havens or no-fly zones for the civilians who are being slaughtered in droves. All they worry about is who controls Syria after. Syrians will.” Osman emphasizes he is not a member of any armed group but says he knows the main players in al Nusra and another powerful Islamist militia, Ahrar al Sham, and speaks with them regularly.
+In recent weeks al Nusra has been recovering from the emergence of its jihadist rival ISIS, and has been attracting significant numbers of fighters again, many of them defectors from moderate and Islamist insurgent militias. Last November a convergence between al Nusra and the Islamic State appeared more likely, with efforts being made by some al Qaeda veterans to lay the groundwork for an alliance of convenience between the arch-rivals. A major meeting between leaders from both groups was held in a farmhouse west of Aleppo. Shortly after, ISIS fighters were dispatched to help—at least in a symbolic way—al Nusra fighters in battles against Western-backed bridges in Idlib.
+But local fighters—who likely make up 80 percent of al Nusra—have been opposed to deal-making with ISIS and have been critical of the harsh governance methods used by some of their pro-ISIS comrades in territory controlled by al Nusra. In the ongoing internal debate al Nusra Emir Mohammed al Jawlani has so far not shown his hand, but rebel sources say he appears to be tilting towards a break with al Qaeda, which is being advocated strongly by Abu Maria al Qahtani, the commander of Nusra in Deir ez Zour.
+And rebel commanders say the break-with-Al- Qaeda scenario has gained momentum since the deaths of Nusra military chief Abu Hamam al Shami and three other al Qaeda leaders last March in a Syrian airstrike on the village of Habeet near the border with Turkey. All four leaders killed were al Qaeda loyalists.
+Qatari officials have been urging al Nusra’s leadership for weeks to rebrand, to sever ties with al Qaeda, and to form a new entity aligned ideologically with Islamist rebel brigades, according to rebel commanders. It may also be—with or without a green light from Washington— that the Qataris have been hinting that an al Nusra break with al Qaeda would improve the chances of persuading Western powers to impose a no-fly zone on northern Syria, something the Turks as well as Gulf Arabs are pressing for and the rebels say would deprive Assad of his one crucial battlefield advantage—airpower.
+“Al Nusra commanders and fighters keep on saying they will happily break with al Qaeda, if that is a precondition for a no-fly zone,” says a Tawid field commander who enjoys good ties with al Nusra.
+Whatever al Nusra finally decides, rebel commanders clearly believe the offensive in Idlib has the makings of the beginning of the end for Assad. They are not saying the end will be quick in coming but for the first time in months appear as convinced they can win as they did when they stormed into Aleppo more than two years ago and seized nearly half of Syria’s commercial capital.
+Much of their sudden confidence can be put down to buoyancy that a battlefield victory brings. U.S. officials argue Idlib just marks another twist in the seesawing war that has left more than 200,000 dead and ten million Syrians displaced. But the map now looks different from at the end of last year. In retrospect insurgent commanders now agree Aleppo was a false dawn and that the northern rebel brigades got bogged down in the city at enormous cost in terms of morale and casualties when they should have been more mobile and picking off smaller and winnable prizes such as Idlib or Hama.
+Few commanders I have spoken with in the last few days believe the new Islamist alliance should now turn towards Aleppo. Even commanders based in Aleppo think that would be a strategic mistake. “No, the focus should now be on Latakia,” says the First Regiment emir Abu Jaseem over our chicken-and-rice dinner in an apartment on the outskirts of Gaziantep.
+A slight dark-skinned 43-year-old, Abu Jaseem argues that striking towards Latakia, populated mostly by members of Assad’s minority Alawi Muslim sect, an offshoot of Shia Islam, would send a symbolic, unsettling message to the regime’s supporters—namely that the war is coming in earnest to their traditional homeland and that they should give up the idea that they can carve out a coastal Alawi rump state around Latakia and Tartous if the war goes against Assad and the rebels ever manage to seize Damascus.
+What rebel commanders have noticed in recent weeks is that disputes appear to be flaring among Assad’s defenders when Alawi villages and towns are attacked: Syrian army regulars are at odds with the mostly Alawi self-protection forces grouped in the National Defense Forces and also with Shia volunteers from Iran and Lebanon’s radical Shia movement Hezbollah.
+In Idlib in the final days of the rebel assault insurgents attacked Alawi villages outside the city, mainly as a feint, and when they did so it triggered sharp disagreements between the NDF commanders, who argued they should rush to defend the Alawi settlements, and regular army commanders, who wanted to stay put. With rebel gains, friction and in one case clashes between Alawi militiamen and army regulars flared elsewhere in northern Syria, too.
+At the dinner, another rebel commander who fought alongside Jaish al Fata in Idlib and is in the process of moving most of his militia from Aleppo to join the Islamist alliance disagrees with striking at Latakia and argues the strike should be towards Hama and then on to Damascus to assist the southern rebels, although he acknowledges that the war will not finally end until the mainly Alawi coastal cities of Tartous and Latakia have fallen.
+Seizing Hama, he says, would also be of great symbolic value. “This was where Assad’s father killed thousands,” he adds, referring to crushing of a Muslim Brotherhood uprising in 1982. “The son is driven by what his father did and has always believed he can emulate his father—capturing Hama would demonstrate he can’t.”
+The debate playing out at the dinner is one the top field commanders of the Islamist alliance are having now—west to the coast or south towards Hama and then Damascus. Before they make a final decision there remains unfinished business nearer at hand. Jaish al Fata forces are now attacking the villages of Ariha and Mastouma south of Idlib and Ankawi and Ghab south of Jisr al Shughour in order to sever the M4 highway linking Latakia to Idlib and Aleppo. These attacks are forcing Syrian government units to defend a 30-mile W-shaped line—a precarious military position.
+The rebels’ firm belief is that by switching the axis of the northern theater away from Aleppo they have managed to transform the war. If they can notch up more gains with few casualties, the new Islamist alliance appears likely to remain and not go the way of previous alliances that fell apart in a matter of weeks amid rebel infighting. “I think it will last,” says Mohammed, a rebel commander who once worked at the center of a rebel alliance in Aleppo. “I have not seen this level of coordination and trust before.”
+While U.S. officials seem ready to dismiss this as another false dawn, one former American ambassador isn’t so skeptical. “Despite constant Western media assessments that Assad’s situation is secure, the reality is that the Syrian war is one of attrition,” according to a paper by former U.S. Ambassador to Damascus Robert Ford at the Washington-based Middle East Institute. “And minority regimes usually do not fare well in prolonged wars of attrition.”
+Sitting over dinner, Abu Jaseem pulls on yet another cigarette and says that once again fighters are discussing what the future of Syria will be when this long nightmare of fighting and blood and friends dying in your arms finally is over. “Syria will be a Muslim country,” he says, adding hopefully, “But not too Islamic.”
+
+O.R. (A STUDENT), PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT/ CROSS-RESPONDENT,v.RICK CAVE, ROBBY VARGHESE, LISA CATALANO, KATHY MITCHEL, THOMAS A. SMITH, DONNA GIBBS-NINI, VICTORIA KNIEWEL (SCHOOL SUPERINTENDENT), ARTHUR DOWNS (PRINCIPAL), CHARLES RUDNICK (PRINCIPAL), DENNIS LEPOLD (PRINCIPAL), MICHAEL ZAPICCHI (PRINCIPAL), AND WEST WINDSOR PLAINSBORO SCHOOL DISTRICT, DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS/ CROSS-APPELLANTS.
+On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division, Mercer County, Docket No. L-2256-09.
+Per curiam.
+NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
+Argued: February 16, 2011
+Before Judges Axelrad, Lihotz, and J. N. Harris.
+This case is the latest installment in a very long series of lawsuits arising out of plaintiff's ten-day suspension from a middle school under the auspices of the West Windsor Plainsboro Regional School District (the District) in 2004 for possession of a folding, lock-blade knife on school property. Plaintiff's father has served as his attorney. For ease of reference, we repeat the procedural history set forth in one of our recent opinions. O.R. ex rel. O.R. v. Kniewel, Nos. A-5181-07T2, A-5509-07T1, A-5583-07T2, A-1263-08T1 (App. Div. March l7, 2010), certif. denied, 203 N.J. 96 (2010) (referred to as the Consolidated Appeal):
+In 2007, we rejected [O.R.]'s sixteen-point appeal relating to his adjudication of delinquency for committing an act, which if committed by an adult, would have constituted fourth-degree possession of a weapon under circumstances not manifestly appropriate for such lawful uses as it may have while in or upon any school building, N.J.S.A. 2C:39-5(c)(2). [State ex rel.] R.O., No. A-1540-05T3 (App. Div. June l3, 2007), [certif. denied, 192 N.J. 595 (2007)]. In affirming the Family Part, we concluded that the trial court had not abused its discretion in denying defense counsel's request for broad-spectrum discovery relating to the alleged disparate treatment of students accused of weapons possession. Because [O.R.] had not established a plausible basis for a claim of selective enforcement as part of the delinquency proceedings, he was neither permitted to obtain this extraordinary discovery nor entitled to a reversal of his adjudication of delinquency on such grounds.
+[In 2009] we affirmed the denial of [O.R.'s] OPRA*fn1 and common law right of access to public records claim that he pursued against the Plainsboro Police Department (PPD). In that action, [O.R.] sought a judgment to compel the PPD to produce investigative reports, narrative documents, and complaints relating to other incidents of weapons possession reported by [O.R.]'s school district from 2000 through 2006. R.O. (A Minor) v. Plainsboro Police Dept., Custodian of Records, No. A-5906-07T2 (App. Div. June l7, 2009). There, we held that the PPD records sought by [O.R.]: (l) were properly classified as criminal investigatory records, which were exempt from production under OPRA, N.J.S.A. 47:1Al.l, and (2) predominately contained juvenile records, which were therefore confidential and not subject to public inspection or copying pursuant to OPRA, N.J.A.C. l3:94-1.5(3).
+[O.R.]'s father sought further remedies on his son's behalf from the Department of Education, which were twice unsuccessful.4 As part of that process before the state administrative agency, the father's discovery practices were characterized by the Commissioner of Education as "very close to constituting 'overzealous, burdensome and harassing conduct,'" but did not rise to a level that warranted sanctions. The Administrative Law Judge who initially considered the matter described [O.R.]'s father's actions as that of a "discovery juggernaut."
+4This appears to have been the third affiliated OPRA and common law right to access public records action against the PPD's custodian of records. From 2004 to 2006, [O.R]'s father filed a series of requests under OPRA, seeking information related to the number and racial composition of juvenile arrests and charges filed by several Middlesex County police departments. [Id. at 5-7 (footnotes omitted).]
+We then decided the Consolidated Appeal, comprised of four back-to-back appeals presented by interrelated plaintiffs. The first lawsuit arising from the suspension alleged disparate treatment, asserting putative violations of the New Jersey Law Against Discrimination (LAD), N.J.S.A. l0:5-l to -49, the New Jersey Civil Rights Act (NJCRA), N.J.S.A. l0:6-l to -2, and the Federal Civil Rights Act (§ 1983), 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983. The remaining three suits alleged violations of OPRA and the common law right of access to public records in connection with discovery in O.R.'s civil rights action. The first action was dismissed by the Law Division through summary judgment in August 2008, and the latter three cases were dismissed by the Law Division in rulings from May 5 through July 11, 2008. On March l7, 2010, we affirmed in a forty-eight page opinion. See Consolidated Appeal.
+A few months later, we also affirmed the Law Division's October l3, 2009 order denying plaintiff's request for attorneys' fees arising out of an OPRA request for documents identifying various school district staff with Electronic Violence and Vandalism Reporting System (EVVRS) responsibilities and training. O.R. ex rel. O.R. v. Hutner, No. A-1268-09T1 (App. Div. June 24, 2010), certif. denied, 204 N.J. 42 (2010). The Law Division judge had entered an order on August 24, 2009, dismissing plaintiff's complaint with prejudice, finding plaintiff made "a general request for a document that didn't exist, that was probably inartfully drawn" and defendants' "response was beyond what [they] were required to do." Id. at 4-5.
+On September 2, 2009, plaintiff filed the complaint in the present action, naming the District and eleven individuals identified as "Principals, School Superintendent, Information Technology Director, and other employees" of the District, and claiming defendants prejudiced the prosecution of one or more of his prior lawsuits. The first three counts alleged the tort of fraudulent concealment based on alleged incorrect statements and submissions on the part of one or more defendants and their attorney pertaining to EVVRS reports, police notification, and the District's manifestation determinations in plaintiff's prior OPRA and discrimination lawsuits. The third count additionally asserted intentional spoliation of evidence resulting from defendants' failure to provide plaintiff with records that were purportedly in storage or archived. The fourth count asserted a § 1983 claim based on the conduct asserted in the prior counts.
+Defendants filed an answer, asserting specific and general denials. Defendants also asserted separate defenses, including failure to comply with the Tort Claims Act (TCA), N.J.S.A. 59:8-1 to -11, litigation privilege, failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted, res judicata and collateral estoppel, statute of limitations, and the entire controversy doctrine.
+On September 30, 2009, defendants filed a notice of removal to federal court, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1441, based on federal question jurisdiction, 28 U.S.C.A. § 1331. On October l, 2009, defendants sent plaintiff a "safe harbor" letter pursuant to Rule 1:4-8(b) and F.R.C.P. 11. By letter dated October 3, 2009, plaintiff's counsel advised defense counsel "we have NO intention of withdrawing the Complaint." Following removal of the action to the United States District Court, plaintiff voluntarily dismissed the federal claim and the case was remanded to the Superior Court. On January 4, 2010, plaintiff filed an amended complaint removing the federal claim and substituting the same claim as a purported violation of the NJCRA and New Jersey Constitution.
+Shortly afterwards, defendants moved for summary judgment, which was granted following oral argument on March 5, 2010. The court found the first three counts of the complaint and amended complaint sounded in tort and plaintiff failed to serve a Tort Claims notice pertaining to all defendants other than Catalano, who was not a District employee,*fn2 as required by N.J.S.A. 59:8-8; the entire controversy doctrine barred this action as plaintiff asserted or could have asserted such claims in his prior lawsuits arising from the same facts; and all conduct about which plaintiff complained was protected by the litigation privilege. The court also found plaintiff failed to state a claim for spoliation of evidence as the record was devoid of support for the assertion that defendants intentionally destroyed or concealed any evidence in the prior litigation. See Tartaglia v. UBS PaineWebber, Inc., l97 N.J. 8l, 118 (2008) (holding that to prevail on a spoliation claim, a plaintiff must prove the five elements of a fraudulent concealment claim articulated in Rosenblit v. Zimmerman, 166 N.J. 39l, 406-07 (200l), which includes that a "defendant intentionally withheld, altered or destroyed the evidence with purpose to disrupt the litigation").
+Reviewers say that the book can certainly help those in committed relationships and marriage and some also observed it could give a heads up to people who are currently single so that they are armed with the tools to make their next relationship more fulfilling. Words Of Affirmation. His love language is words of affirmation. 2.8k. . Readers have asserted that it helped them understand their own reasons for doing particular things with and for their partner, and how both they and their partner show love in ways which they were unaware of. Words of Affirmation is one of five Love Languages that author Gary Chapman identified, the other four being Gifts, Acts of Service, Quality Time and Touch. Make the effort to listen actively and respond with understanding. a hand written letter expressing genuine heartfelt love and admiration, cards, handmade or bought, with a personal message. And whats-more, you don't have to be a literary genius to offer words of affirmation. a text (e.g. What Exactly Are The Five Love Languages? (ouch, re mix of UK and US spellings! The 5 love languages help us speak to our spouse in words, thoughts, and feelings that they understand and receive as love. is typically the language of someone who gets off knowing that their partner is paying attention to them...and appreciates what makes them special." This content is accurate and true to the best of the author’s knowledge and is not meant to substitute for formal and individualized advice from a qualified professional. Forced me to look closely at how I can treat my spouse in a more loving and understanding way. and/or to give some of the reasons the spouse or partner is loved, appreciated, desired, and cherished. Talk is cheap—unless, of course, your love language is Words of Affirmation. Often people wonder if it is possible to get things back on track or progress to a relationship that is even better than it was before. Sometimes I think texts etc. "Appreciation is at the heart of having words of affirmation as a love language. Learning your partner’s and your own primary love language will help create a stronger bond in your relationship. Words of affirmation gifts are perfect for significant others that love to … This content is imported from {embed-name}. Summary There are five love languages: Words of Affirmation, Acts of Service, Receiving Gifts, Quality Time, and Physical Touch. That's not to say a throwaway "Love you!" What OKCupid's Experiments Mean for YOUR Love Life, Gigi and Zayn’s Body Language, Decoded By A Pro. I gained much from … Scan your body, and thank your limbs, eyes, bones, whatever really, for getting you from place to place every single day. Now we know you can’t possibly have a crazy-long dialogue with … The concept of the Words of Affirmation love language was introduced in Gary Chapman’s The 5 Love Languages. Each one is important and expresses love in its own way. Words of Affirmation Love Language: Ebonny, This article centers on the "Words of Affirmation Love Language" from the book The 5 Love Languages, and discusses ways to fill a partner, husband, or wife's 'love tank.'. Now off you go and put this into action. It might sound a little out there, but it works—you'll know for sure when something upsets you and you can give yourself a pep talk that's as good as any that would come from a loved one, Comaroto says. It’s good to notice and acknowledge the little things as well as more obvious things, and to give thanks for routine stuff that is mostly taken for granted. Ebonny (author) from UK on February 08, 2017: Many thanks for sharing your views. Simply hearing: “I couldn’t have made it through my meeting today if you hadn't suggested I take the last granola bar with me. For example: Say, “Ah, thank you” with a smile or wink. Why? If your child’s love language is the words of affirmation, be very careful not to say negative words that will hurt this child much more than another, whose love language is caresses, or gifts, or quality time. 60 Celebrity Couples You Forgot Were Married, Big Yikes: Sooo Many Celeb Couples Split In 2020, Prince Charles And Camilla's Royal Romance, Couples Who Have Been Together For 20+ Years, Brilliant Valentine’s Day Gift Ideas For Him. Feel most appreciated at a nice dinner? Even a “Go get 'em!” on a sticky note tacked to the bathroom mirror is enough to turn your dreary morning into one that’s a little more bearable. ESPECIALLY in the context of a marriage relationship (which is what we are addressing today). … Some have said they now regularly give the book as a wedding gift to family and friends, such is their belief in its principles. It doesn't mean you fish for compliments. Blow a kiss as a thank you. You're the one I love—just can't help myself! Thanks for that,” or: “The rain today must have been a real bummer. This quiz is based on the five love languages, which are Words of Affirmation, Physical Touch, Acts of Service, Gifts, and Quality Time. As to reviews of the book: 94% give it either 5 or 4 stars out of 5. This way on those occasions when a negative has to be worked through, it can be done in perspective and not seen as condemnation. If your love language is words of affirmation, you respond very favourably to compliments. I don’t know why it took me reading a book other than the Bible to realize how real the power behind our words really is. "People often feel compelled to seek love outside of themselves, so there's a lot of pressure put on partners to complete us," she says. Even if I tried, I could never stop loving you. Perhaps you missed the 5 Love Languages theory, created by pastor, relationship counselor, and author Gary Chapman, PhD. Tips on How to Speak This Love Language Be Authentic. Ebonny (author) from UK on June 12, 2019: I so appreciate this positive feedback and your taking the time to comment. Thanks! David and Victoria Beckham definitely speak each other's love languages—peep the proof in their ~body~ language: A big Words of Affirmation no-no is relying on your partner to make you feel good about yourself. For those committed to boosting their chances of going the full distance with the love of their life, The 5 Love Languages is a worthwhile read to say the least. Say you have a big work presentation, hearing your partner remind you you're a badass before you head out will probably make you melt since their words speak to why they think you're great and what you did to make them think this. It doesn't have to be a long, thorough love letter though. Being educated about the five love languages and knowing how your partner best appreciates and feels loved, it is possible to channel and harness efforts in the direction that will be most noticed, valued, welcomed, and effective. I guess it's all about juggling emphasis with balance. tell them how much you enjoyed spending time with them at the weekend.). As the theory goes, every person has two main love languages, or how they show and receive love from their partner. I happen to be one of them and I have to hear in order to respond effectively. … This can ultimately rekindle the lost love. Ebonny writes to share her thoughts, observations and opinions in the hope they may be of interest, or give pause for thought, to others. Very Important - Remember that asking your spouse about their day, how they are, and/or how they feel affirms concern in their well being and shows interest and care. It outlines five general ways that romantic partners express and experience love, which Chapman calls "love languages".They are acts of service, gift-giving, physical touch, quality time, and words of affirmation. Less famously, Chapman also wrote about the 5 Love Languages at work, the same 5 concepts—but office appropriate. Even though I am a trained public speaker, I am often times not very good with how to respond to my wife's need for words of affirmation. As well as a list of examples, there is also advice for those who cannot readily think of anything great to say about their partner! Say all you appreciate and love about your lover.. And “thank you” often comes after something has … Not doing it? Many thanks for dropping by. Ultimately, it's all about being upfront with them. I really appreciate how I can always rely on you to... You’re a great mother/father/stepmom, etc. Romance/Affection. However, if you are experiencing extremely profound relationship difficulties you may want to consider how counselling might benefit you in addition to applying the love languages. In the end, the Words of Affirmation love language is exactly that: affirming another person by using our words. Ah, glad you asked. Of course, this doesn’t mean that you/your partner don’t express and appreciate the other languages, such as acts of service, physical touch, quality time, and receiving/giving gifts. Dr. Gary Chapman gives many many other examples, tips, and solid advice on speaking the Words of Affirmation Love Language, and of course the other four love languages. Are you way too invested in what your partner thinks of you? As well as words of affirmation, the love languages are You may be able to find more information about this and similar content at piano.io, Celebrity Couples Who Were Set Up By Friends, How To Maintain A Platonic Friendship, Per Experts. Say, “I'm really pleased you notice—thank you.” Say, “That’s very encouraging—thank you.” Give a hug as you thank them. Article by Shihori Obata: Artist & Creative Blogger. That's Quality Time. 50 Super Sweet Things To Say To Someone Whose Love Language Is ‘Words Of Affirmation’ You notice your partner's new haircut immediately and remember to ask your coworker about his daughter's birthday party. a short love note in an unexpected place where you know they will come across it (e.g. Some commented that they do not often read books, but were happy to read this twice: such was the impact of the book they wanted to get the most out of it. His book, The 5 Love Languages, is a highly rated best seller, and after reading a selection of reviews from those who had read the book, I purchased an unabridged copy of the audio version to listen to with my partner. The Five Love Languages: How to Express Heartfelt Commitment to Your Mate is a 1992 book by Gary Chapman. Ebonny (author) from UK on August 05, 2013: So Words of Affirmation is certainly a primary language for you and if those around you know and practise this you must be a very happy bunny! I guess it's why we tend to keep old "love letters" and revisit them for years to come. It's very important to avoid negativity which might discourage further affirmations. They want you to help with chores around the house, to make them special meals, to do their ironing when you do yours, to wash their car when they are too busy or to organise a birthday celebration. But of course we're all different and some may prefer to hear affirming words face to face, given the choice. People who have words of affirmation as their primary love language have a nose for B.S. It recognizes quality over quantity and substance over appearance. Your partner might just thank you for it—with a sweet love note. "Words of Affirmation is typically the language of someone who gets off knowing that their partner is paying attention to them...and appreciates what makes them special.". When you don't have a choice, as in your situation when your boyfriend is on the road, seems to me it's a good option. The easiest affirming words to understand are those that convey love clearly … Don’t take my word for it though. I look forward to waking up with you every day for the rest of my life. For example, "You look great in that suit—I love how the colour brings out your skin tone, eye colour," or "You're such a patient and caring parent—I especially like how you ... " give a specific example(s). My boyfriend is a trucker and is gone for 90% of the month so we rely on texting, and social media to communicate until he is home. If your fans use words of affirmation as their love language, they’re MUCH more likely to keep clicking and buying a feed subscription. 100 Words of Affirmation Love Language (Free Printable List) #affirmations #love #printables // Love Language, Words of Affirmation, Be Kind. Are you a narcissist who thrives off of praise from others? When complimenting, add specific details that will let a spouse know that they are genuinely appreciated. Positive affirmations are a great tool to shape our thoughts. Learn how to speak the Words of Affirmation love language, even if it’s not your love language.. The Words of Affirmation love language is a way of communicating with loved ones using words or phrases to make them feel good about who they are and what they do. Of course, it feels good to hear all that—but ultimately, their words mean something to you because they confirm your partner knows you and gets you. When it comes to relationships, feeling understood and, of course, appreciated is crucial. Great article, the examples were perfect in helping someone very low on Words of Affirmation understand exactly what their loved one needs. One five star reviewer said the book made “life changing good sense”. Nope, not at all! Make a point of noticing the good things in life generally everyday and share these thoughts with your significant other. I just can't explain how deep my love is. The definition for the love language, words of affirmation, is verbal compliments and words of appreciation. Thanks again. Gary Chapman defines it as “unsolicited compliments”. Phone calls don't happen very often when he has to focus on driving. Women's Health may earn commission from the links on this page, but we only feature products we believe in.. The Truth About 'Acts Of Service' Love Language, This content is created and maintained by a third party, and imported onto this page to help users provide their email addresses. Thanks for this study. The famous 5 Love Languages—Words of Affirmation, Acts of Service, Quality Time, Physical Touch, and Gifts—were originally laid out by Gary Chapman, a philosophy PhD, author, and talk show host. Bless your children with the words of encouragement. The strategies advocated by The 5 Love Languages are a powerful way of making a difference in your marriage. When physically speaking to him isn't always doable, are text messages at least once a day with words of affirmation in them as powerful and meaningful as verbally speaking them? takes a moment to hype you up, acknowledge a nice gesture you did for them (or someone else), or remind you just how lucky they are to have you around. But expectations like that will just leave you wanting—at the end of the day, self-worth will always be an inside job. Have no idea what I'm talking about? To some, words may not seem that meaningful, but to people whose love language is words of affirmation, underneath each word is an ocean of meaning and significance that is working to either strengthen or weaken the relationship's bonds. When one person is bending over backwards to please the other and the effort goes unappreciated, it can lead to entrenched relationship-killing resentment, so efforts to rekindle will need a distinct change of direction. It's about how to relate and convey love to a partner in the way that they can most feel and accept. I think Love should be expressed in all the five languages, why just one or two?. You tune in to details, and people love that about you. We tell each other (1) what we regret doing (or not doing) that day (2) what we’re thankful for and (3) how we know the other person is “the one.”. This is how we both express love and how we receive love. If you cannot readily think of anything positively noteworthy to say about your wife, husband, or partner, you are likely taking him or her for granted. If his love language is words of affirmation, what he is really needing from you, is to hear WHY you love him. You have an ear for B.S., so “authenticity is key,” says Comaroto. If your heart swells when your S.O. Hence do challenge yourself to give at least two genuine heartfelt compliments, words of appreciation, and/or encouragement daily. As someone in the Words of Affirmation camp, you’re looking out for the specifics in what your partner is saying. Words of Affirmation is typically the language of someone who gets off knowing their partner is paying attention to them, notices what makes them tick, and appreciates what makes them special, says relationship psychologist Maryanne Comaroto, PhD. let your significant other know that you are thinking of them), an email (e.g. Dora Weithers from The Caribbean on August 04, 2013: Four percent (4%) of the population learn by what they hear (not what they see). The fans who send you messages wanting to chat? "An attractive female friend told me to stop worrying about my looks because I'm hot. Thank You.. If your partner's love language is affirmation of words, then there's a good … Therefore adapt, omit, and add to the examples on this page as required and develop the habit of offering words of affirmation every day—whatever the initial response. If your love language is Words of Affirmation or Affection, once your partner understands that, then it may not be too hard for them to give it to you. o Wait for the kiddos to fall asleep, then concoct a couple of “adult drinks” to sip on … Moreover, you feel even more delighted if someone backs up that compliment with genuine reasons. Why Are Words of Affirmation Important? Ask yourself this: are you a team cheerleader, or are you more of a “put your … No doubt, hearing someone else tell you how special you are feels nice and all, but it should always come as backup to believing in your worth. Words of affirmation keep me alive, and in turn I give them readily. I couldn't have chosen a better woman/wife/mother, man/husband/father. If you're all about morning kisses or you feel most connected during sex, you speak the language of Physical Touch. I feel sure your consistency will pay off. It … Because your partner won't know that trying to cuddle you after an argument versus giving you a thoughtful and sincere apology, for example, will be lost on you, which can create a disconnect. Those are the ones who really feel words of affirmation. Also, some people find it embarrassing to give or receive a compliment face to face and having it done via the written word can take away some of that uneasiness for the giver or receiver. Everyone shows love differently, so take this quiz to find out what your love language is! The author of The 5 Love Languages advocates affirming the good qualities a spouse possesses to third parties, which could well make a spouse positively beam when the news gets back to them. Talk Dirty During Sex. For example: The above are examples of how to graciously receive compliments or words of affirmation from a partner or spouse. 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+Betty Crocker Cake Mixes Australia, Morrisons Kings Lynn Opening Times, Milan Fifa 21, 1bhk Flat On Rent In Mumbai Under 15,000, Types Of Congenital Diseases, Malta Currency Rate, Caldera Vista Ferry Reviews,
+950 F.2d 44
+UNITED STATES of America, Appellee,
+v.
+David MATEO, Defendant, Appellant.
+No. 90-1592.
+United States Court of Appeals,
+First Circuit.
+Heard June 6, 1991.
+Decided Nov. 27, 1991.
+Albert C. Bielitz, Jr., Cambridge, Mass. with whom Jillyn K. Schulze, Baltimore, Md. and Law Office of Albert C. Bielitz, Jr., Cambridge, Mass., were on brief for defendant, appellant.
+Lawrence D. Gaynor, Asst. U.S. Atty. with whom Lincoln C. Almond, U.S. Atty., Providence, R.I., was on brief for appellee.
+Before SELYA and CYR, Circuit Judges, and STAHL,* District Judge.
+CYR, Circuit Judge.
+David Mateo appeals his conviction and sentence for possessing heroin with intent to distribute. Mateo claims that he was convicted on an invalid guilty plea and sentenced without the assistance of counsel or the effective assistance of counsel. We affirm the conviction, vacate the sentence, and remand for resentencing.
+* DISCUSSION
+1. Rule 11
+Appellant Mateo claims that his conviction must be set aside, as it was based on an invalid guilty plea. See Fed.R.Crim.P. 11. Mateo asserts on appeal, for the first time, that he was unaware when he entered the guilty plea that he was waiving the right to challenge the search warrant which led to his arrest. Mateo states that he had asked his attorney to challenge the search warrant and that he expected the challenge to proceed notwithstanding the entry of a guilty plea. The record belies Mateo's rule 11 claim.
+We recently addressed another rule 11 challenge raised for the first time on appeal. In United States v. Parra-Ibanez, 936 F.2d 588, 593-94 (1st Cir.1991), the defendant successfully challenged the validity of his guilty plea on the ground that his use of medications had not been explored by the district court at the rule 11 hearing. We stated that a rule 11 challenge normally will not be considered waived since rule 11 protects not only the rights of defendants but also the " 'fairness, integrity [and] public reputation of judicial proceedings.' " Id. at 593 (quoting United States v. Daniels, 821 F.2d 76, 81 (1st Cir.1987) (quoting United States v. Adams, 634 F.2d 830, 836 (5th Cir.1981)).
+Under Parra-Ibanez, Mateo cannot prevail, however, since he has neither alleged nor demonstrated any defect in the rule 11 proceeding. Instead, Mateo's complaint below was that sentencing should not have proceeded once Mateo mentioned that counsel had not challenged the search warrant as requested. Not until the present appeal did Mateo challenge his guilty plea. As amply demonstrated by Mateo's own statements at the rule 11 hearing and at sentencing, however, his guilty plea was entered knowingly and voluntarily.
+The district court accepted Mateo's plea only after a careful exploration of all elements of a voluntary and knowing guilty plea under rule 11.1 Mateo acknowledged that he had discussed the case with court-appointed counsel and was satisfied with his representation. He acknowledged as well that by pleading guilty he was giving up his right to trial and the right to challenge the government's evidence at trial, and that he would be convicted and sentenced on the basis of his guilty plea.
+The prosecutor described the government's evidence and the discovery of Mateo and the heroin in the apartment of Mateo's female companion when the police executed the search warrant that Mateo wanted challenged. Mateo acknowledged the correctness of the government's version of the evidence.2 Thus, among other things, Mateo acknowledged at the rule 11 hearing that he understood that he was giving up his right to challenge the government's evidence, which of necessity included the evidence obtained in the execution of the search warrant. We therefore conclude that the rule 11 claim is meritless.
+2. Ineffective Assistance
+Mateo advances two ineffective assistance claims. First, he asserts that court-appointed counsel rendered ineffective assistance by not insisting that the district court resolve the validity of Mateo's guilty plea once Mateo informed the court that Mr. Cohen had failed to challenge the search warrant. Second, he argues that counsel failed to present mitigating factors which might have persuaded the district court to impose a lower sentence within the guideline sentencing range.3
+Ineffective assistance claims are subject to the well-established test first articulated in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). As we have explained, Strickland requires that the "defendant ... first demonstrate that his attorney's performance was deficient and then show that this deficiency prejudiced the defense." United States v. Caggiano, 899 F.2d 99, 101 (1st Cir.1990).
+Mateo argues that his second court-appointed counsel, David Cicilline, Esquire, failed to challenge the validity of the guilty plea. Mateo argues that the issue of the validity of his guilty plea surfaced during the first sentencing hearing when Mateo questioned Mr. Cohen's failure to challenge the legality of the search warrant prior to the rule 11 hearing. Although Mr. Cicilline was not in attendance at Mateo's first sentencing hearing and Mateo does not contend that he ever asked Mr. Cicilline to challenge the validity of the guilty plea, the district court directed Mr. Cicilline to undertake representation of Mateo and to file any appropriate request for relief.
+A review of the transcripts of the rule 11 hearing and the first sentencing hearing, particularly the categorical reassurances Mateo gave the district court at the first sentencing hearing--that he had pled guilty because he was in fact guilty,4--could not have left any doubt in the mind of reasonably competent counsel that no plea challenge was either desired or warranted. See also supra note 2. Indeed, even now Mateo makes no claim that "he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial." See Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59, 106 S.Ct. 366, 370, 88 L.Ed.2d 203 (1985) ("in order to satisfy the 'prejudice' requirement, the defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial."). Thus, Mateo can demonstrate neither deficient professional performance nor prejudice.
+3. Sixth Amendment Right to Assistance of Counsel
+"In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right ... to have the assistance of counsel for his defence." U.S. Const. amend. VI. The sixth amendment entitles every criminal defendant to the assistance of counsel at all "critical stages" of the proceedings, United States v. Wade, 388 U.S. 218, 225, 87 S.Ct. 1926, 1931, 18 L.Ed.2d 1149 (1967); United States v. Batista, 834 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1987), unless the right is competently waived by the defendant. Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458, 464-65, 58 S.Ct. 1019, 1023, 82 L.Ed. 1461 (1938) (a defendant who would appear pro se must first provide "an intelligent and competent waiver" of the sixth amendment right to counsel); United States v. Betancourt-Arretuche, 933 F.2d 89, 92 (1st Cir.1991) (setting forth three-part test for waiver of counsel). See also Fed.R.Crim.P. 44(a) ("[e]very defendant who is unable to obtain counsel shall be entitled to have counsel ... at every stage of the proceedings from initial appearance ... through appeal, unless that defendant waives such appointment.").
+Mateo concedes that court-appointed counsel appeared at both sentencing hearings and at every other stage of the district court proceedings. Nevertheless, he correctly contends that the events that transpired at the second sentencing hearing raise a serious question as to whether he was afforded the assistance of counsel contemplated by the sixth amendment. Mateo maintains that Mr. Cicilline provided no advocacy in his behalf at the second sentencing hearing. We detail the relevant background.
+At the first sentencing hearing, on May 1, 1990, Mr. Cohen continued to represent Mateo. The final version of the presentence report ("PSR") recommended a total offense level of 20. Mr. Cohen objected to three PSR recommendations and urged that the total offense level be set at 16. The court carefully considered Mr. Cohen's arguments, but concluded that the total offense level should be set at 20 and assigned a level I criminal history category, which resulted in a guideline sentencing range between 33 and 41 months.
+Prior to imposing sentence, the district court informed Mateo that it would welcome any statement or evidence Mateo wished to offer. Mateo responded that he wished to challenge the search warrant. The court repeatedly reminded Mateo that he had pled guilty and that the validity of the search warrant was not before the court.5 A colloquy ensued during which Mateo told the court that, before he tendered his guilty plea, he had asked Mr. Cohen to challenge the search warrant.6 Mateo indicated that Mr. Cohen had advised him that the police did have a search warrant and that Mr. Cohen therefore had not raised a search warrant challenge.7
+The district court then asked Mateo why he had pled guilty and Mateo responded: "because I am guilty. I am not denying that I am guilty." The sentencing judge, understandably perplexed, observed: "I am entirely unclear as to what defendant's position is." The court thereupon announced that replacement counsel would be appointed to represent Mateo and would be directed to ascertain Mateo's position regarding the search warrant and to request appropriate relief. The first sentencing hearing was adjourned.
+At the second sentencing hearing, on June 15, 1990, Mr. Cicilline, Mateo's newly-appointed counsel, appeared as counsel of record. The court ordered a consolidation of the first and second sentencing hearings and caused the entire transcript of the first sentencing hearing to be read into the record at the second hearing. Mr. Cicilline informed the court that, after reviewing Mateo's case, he had spent almost three hours discussing the available legal options with Mateo and advised him that a search warrant challenge had little prospect of success. Notwithstanding the fact that Mr. Cicilline informed Mateo that it was still up to Mateo to decide whether to challenge the warrant, Mateo stated that he no longer wanted Mr. Cicilline to represent him. Mr. Cicilline thereupon advised the court that he felt compelled to request permission to withdraw. Although the district court did not act on the request to withdraw, thereafter Mr. Cicilline neither addressed the court nor consulted with Mateo, and neither the court nor Mateo addressed Mr. Cicilline until after Mateo had been sentenced.
+The court afforded Mateo three further opportunities to address the court before sentence was imposed. On each of the first two occasions, Mateo asked who his attorney was. On the occasion of the third overture, the sentencing judge specifically invited Mateo to say whatever he wished in mitigation of sentence. Once again Mateo merely asked who was representing him. Neither the court nor Mr. Cicilline responded to these inquiries. The court then imposed a forty-one month prison term, the maximum permitted within the guideline sentencing range.
+Notwithstanding the district court's scrupulous concern for the rights of the defendant, we must conclude that Mateo was sentenced without the assistance of counsel to which he was entitled under the sixth amendment.8 The Fifth Circuit recently reached the same conclusion in a somewhat similar guideline sentencing case. In United States v. Taylor, 933 F.2d 307 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 112 S.Ct. 235, 116 L.Ed.2d 191 (1991), the defendant, after waiving his right to counsel, had been permitted to represent himself at trial, with the assistance of court-appointed standby counsel. At sentencing, the defendant requested the appointment of counsel, which was denied on the ground that the defendant's initial waiver of the right to trial counsel remained binding. Instead, the sentencing court ordered that defendant's court-appointed standby counsel at trial should continue to serve as standby counsel at the sentencing hearing.
+The Fifth Circuit held that the defendant had been denied the right to counsel at sentencing, in violation of the sixth amendment. Id. at 312. Even though the Fifth Circuit recognized that standby counsel was present throughout the sentencing proceeding and "participated to some extent," id., it noted that "[s]tandby counsel does not represent the defendant," id. at 313 (emphasis in original), and "does not speak for the defendant or bear responsibility for his defense." Id. Since Taylor "was denied counsel, and did not simply receive ineffective counsel," id., the Fifth Circuit concluded that the "case must be remanded so that Taylor may be resentenced with the assistance of counsel required by the Sixth Amendment." Id.
+Mateo repeatedly complained at the second sentencing hearing that he was being sentenced without an attorney.9 Moreover, although Mr. Cicilline remained in the courtroom throughout the second sentencing hearing, in no meaningful sense can it be said that he represented Mateo. Mr. Cicilline offered no substantive statement on any sentencing issue, nor was his advice or assistance either provided or requested. Furthermore, when Cicilline requested permission to withdraw, Mateo confirmed his rejection of Cicilline's representation and asked the court who was representing him. As we stated some time ago in a similar context, we could only conclude that the sixth amendment right to counsel was satisfied in the present circumstances by disregarding "the reality of self-representation, so long as counsel is not formally allowed to withdraw and remains in the courtroom." Maynard v. Meachum, 545 F.2d 273, 277 (1st Cir.1976) (availability of counsel in standby role does not satisfy sixth amendment, absent effective waiver of right to counsel). Thus, although the court took no formal action on the request to withdraw, the "reality of self-representation" was unmistakable, since Mateo affirmatively rejected Cicilline's services, Cicilline was never again addressed or consulted by Mateo, and the court never addressed Cicilline on any substantive matter bearing on Mateo's sentencing.
+The government does not contend that Mateo waived the right to counsel at sentencing. Moreover, it seems clear that Mateo expressly invoked the right to counsel both before and during the second sentencing hearing. Thus, it cannot be said that he "affirmative[ly] acquiesce[d]" in any informal alternative to full representation. See Carnley v. Cochran, 369 U.S. 506, 516-17, 82 S.Ct. 884, 890-91, 8 L.Ed.2d 70 (1962) (where record shows affirmative acquiescence to informal arrangement, burden rests with defendant to show that his "acquiescence was not sufficiently understanding and intelligent to amount to an effective waiver"); see also Maynard, 545 F.2d at 277.
+We therefore remand to the district court for resentencing.10 The court is not obliged, of course, to entertain the unreasonable demands of any defendant relating to the selection of particular court-appointed counsel. "[T]he right to choose counsel is not absolute; it must be weighed against the need for an efficient and effective administration of justice." United States v. Machor, 879 F.2d 945, 952 (1st Cir.1989), cert. denied, 493 U.S. 1094, 110 S.Ct. 1167, 107 L.Ed.2d 1070 (1990). The Constitution requires only that the defendant be afforded the assistance of competent court-appointed counsel at sentencing. The designation of competent court-appointed counsel is a matter for the district court. Should the defendant elect to proceed pro se, the district court is to address the defendant on the record to assure that he "knows what he is doing and [that] his choice is made with eyes open." Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 835, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 2541, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975) (quoting Adams v. United States ex rel McCann, 317 U.S. 269, 279, 63 S.Ct. 236, 241-42, 87 L.Ed. 268 (1942)); Johnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. at 468-69, 58 S.Ct. at 1024-25; Maynard, 545 F.2d at 279 (1976).
+We affirm appellant's conviction. The sentence is vacated and the case is remanded to the district court for resentencing in accordance with this opinion.
+Rule 11(c) requires that the district court:
+address the defendant personally in open court and inform the defendant of, and determine that the defendant understands, ... (1) the nature of the charge to which the plea is offered, the mandatory minimum.
+Fed.R.Crim.P. 11(c) (emphasis added).
+For good measure, twice during the rule 11 hearing Mateo volunteered that the heroin discovered during the execution of the search warrant belonged to him, not to the tenant
+Since we find it necessary to remand for resentencing, we need not discuss the second ineffective assistance claim. We address the first ineffective assistance claim, however, in order to forefend against a recurrence of the subject at resentencing
+The Court: And are you telling me that you told your attorney that you wanted to challenge the validity of the search warrant?
+The Defendant: I told him.
+The Court: Well, why did you plead guilty if you told him that and he did not argue that or raise that at any time that you came before the court to enter a plea?
+The Defendant: Because I am guilty. I am not denying that I am guilty.
+(Emphasis added.)
+The court explained: "You entered a plea of guilty, Mr. Mateo. [The search warrant is] not before me at this point."
+Moments later, the court said: "You have entered a plea of guilty here. I don't have the validity of the search warrant before me nor is that in issue at this point. You are here for sentencing on your guilty plea."
+Finally, moments later, the court reiterated: "How can I get through to you to make you understand that is not before me. You never raised that issue. That issue is not here now."
+The sentencing hearing transcripts indicate that Mateo was most concerned about the refusal of the officers to show him the search warrant. See infra note 7. At the second sentencing hearing, Mateo asserted that one of the officers told him at the time of the search that "he didn't have anything to show to me." Government counsel volunteered that Mateo may not have been the person to whom the search warrant need have been shown, as he was not the tenant of the apartment
+The colloquy follows:
+Court: I want to know if you asked your attorney to challenge this search warrant and he failed to do it. Yes or no.
+Mateo: Yes.
+Court: At this point I'm only interested in wanting to know why did he plead guilty if he thought the search was illegal?
+Mateo: Because afterwards the attorney told me they did have a warrant, a permit to search that place but I want to know [why] that day they didn't show it to me.
+Harmless error analysis is not permissible in the present context. See Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 23 & n. 8, 87 S.Ct. 824, 828 & n. 8, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 (1967) (constitutional errors are subject to "harmless error" analysis, but deprivation of right to counsel represents an exception) (citing Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963)); United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659, n. 25, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 2047, n. 25, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984) (Court has "uniformly found constitutional error without any showing of prejudice when counsel was ... totally absent ... during a critical stage of the proceeding"); Gardner v. Florida, 430 U.S. 349, 358, 97 S.Ct. 1197, 1204-05, 51 L.Ed.2d 393 (1977) ("sentencing is a critical stage of the criminal proceeding"); see also United States v. Balough, 820 F.2d 1485, 1488 (9th Cir.1987) (declining to apply harmless error analysis where defendant was deprived of right to counsel at sentencing); Golden v. Newsome, 755 F.2d 1478 (11th Cir.1985) (same). Were it otherwise, the result might well be different, for several reasons. First, Mr. Cicilline remained available to represent Mateo throughout the second sentencing hearing, as did Mr. Cohen throughout the first sentencing hearing. The only constraint on Mr. Cicilline's capacity to represent Mateo resulted from Mateo's rejection of his representation. Second, the district court previously had determined the appropriate guideline sentencing range and that it would not depart. Thus, except for fixing the precise number of months of imprisonment, the entire sentencing proceeding had taken place at the first sentencing hearing. In all other respects the sentencing had been completed at the first sentencing hearing, which was continued only to enable Mr. Cicilline to look into Mateo's allegations relating to Mr. Cohen's failure to challenge the search warrant. Third, the entire transcript of the first sentencing hearing, including all of Mr. Cohen's argumentation in behalf of Mateo, was read into the record at the second sentencing hearing at the direction, and in the presence, of the same sentencing judge. Thus, by the end of the first sentencing hearing, the judge was fully apprised as to Mateo's position and circumstances relating to the sentencing. Fourth, the guideline sentencing range set by the court at the first sentencing hearing is not challenged on appeal. Finally, Mateo has never identified any mitigating factor or other information which either counsel below omitted to mention to the sentencing court
+The district court was advised in writing as well--prior to the second sentencing hearing--that Mateo did not wish to be represented by Mr. Cicilline
+The TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” is currently airing, but did you know that the franchise is soon about to cross the 50-songs mark in its entire discography? (As of October 19th, 2017)
+This time, we implement this project to celebrate the launch of TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” 2nd season.
+“Love Live! Sunshine!!” TOP 9 songs of Aqours as voted by 250 fans!
+When I asked fans of “Love Live!” on Twitter for their favorite Aqours songs, I received more than 200 votes in one day!
+“9 Selections” … Which songs will be ranked in? Let’s take a quick look at the results!
+TOP 9 Aqours Songs As Chosen By “Love Live! Sunshine!!” Fans
+[No.9]
+Yume Kataru yori Yume Utaou/ Aqours(12 votes)
+Youtube「Yume Kataru yori Yume Utaou」
+TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” Season 1 ED Theme Song “Yume Kataru yori Yume Utaou”
+- I like the lyrics that lets me imagine Aqours chasing their dreams with a smile.
+- Because it makes me feel happy no matter when I listen.
+The 1st season of “Love Live! Sunshine!!” is the story of the harsh reality of “Zero”, but also the story of overcoming it! It is one of the songs that is surely exciting when seen live♪
+[No.8]
+Aozora Jumping Heart(13 votes)
+Youtube「Aozora Jumping Heart」
+TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” 1st season OP Theme Song “Aozora Jumping Heart”.
+- This is the song that represents “Love Live! Sunshine!!”
+- A song in which all of Aqours was condensed!
+The song begins with the lyrics “Mita Koto Nai Yume No Kido Oikakete! / Chasing the path of a dream I have not yet seen” and ends with “Minna To Nara Setsumei Wa Dekinaikedo Daijyobu Sa / If we’re together, we’ll be alright even though I can’t explain it.” As Takami Chika (CV: Inami Anju) says in the 1st episode of the 2nd season, she believes in miracles. Just like the impression one get from it, it is truly a song that symbolizes “Love Live! Sunshine!!”.
+[No.7]
+HAPPY PARTY TRAIN(15 votes)
+Youtube「HAPPY PARTY TRAIN」
+Aqours 3rd single “HAPPY PARTY TRAIN”.
+- The song has a dramatic feel that makes you want to go on a journey!
+- The harmony is overflowing with Aqours’s dynamic feeling.
+A song with Matsuura Kanan (CV: Suwa Nanaka) as the center, it was adopted as the title of Aqours 2nd Live Tour. The Izu-Hakone Railway’s Sunzu Line is currently having a full wrapping train running as the “HAPPY PARTY TRAIN”.
+Various areas appeared in the PV, which really unexpectedly stirs up one’s wanderlust!
+[No.6]
+Kimi No Kokoro Wa Kagayaiteru Kai?(16 votes)
+Youtube「Kimi No Kokoro Wa Kagayaiteru Kai?」
+“Love Live! Sunshine !!” the first single song “Kimi No Kokoro Wa Kagayaiteru Kai?”
+- Because it is the song Aqours began with.
+- Because the lyrics give me courage.
+- The PV and 1st live performances overlapped and it was touching.
+Just as many of the comments stated, it is a song where their starting point is built upon and is also their peak.
+It seems that the positive lyrics with a theme of “shine” gave courage to many fans, did they not?
+[No.5]
+Todokanai Hoshi Da To Shitemo(18 votes)
+Youtube「Todokanai Hoshi Da To Shitemo」
+The Coupling Song from Aqours 2nd Single “Koi ni Naritai AQUARIUM”
+- While feeling pressure from the “stars” known as μ’s, I was moved by how the troubled Aqours continued to reach out.
+- You cannot imagine how cheerful this song is despite the song title!
+This song has the lyrics “Todokanaitte kimenaide (Star light, I hope you) Te wo nobase! Sore kara nayame! / Don’t decide it’s unreachable (Star light, I hope you) Reach out! Worry later!” Some fans have stated that “I think that it is an important phrase while watching the 2nd season.”
+[No.4]
+Thrilling・One Way(20 votes)
+Youtube「Thrilling・One Way」
+TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine !!” Blu-ray Vol.6 Special Edition Limited Edition Enclosure Bonus Aqours Original Song (6).
+- I was attracted by the first “Chika Shout”.
+- The passionate lyrics give me a great feeling!
+Everyone knows that “Thrilling One Way” is a popular song, but it was still surprising that a Blu-Ray bonus song became No.4.
+This song features very passionate lyrics. Please check it out if you can still manage to buy the special limited edition.
+….Before we move onto No.3
+This web site “TPG WEB” is a new form of column, report and information site about anime, manga and game . We will feature mainly on TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” and various information to animation fans globally.
+We feature special contents from the real life locations of TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!”, Numazu City in Shizuoka Prefecture, so please look forward to it!
+Alright, now let’s check from No.3 to No.1!
+[No.3]
+Mijuku DREAMER(21 votes)
+The featured song of TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” Season 1 Episode 9, “Mijuku DREAMER”.
+- I like the lyrics which expresses each members’ feelings straight without using metaphors.
+- When played at the “Numazu Summer Festival · Kano River Fireworks Festival” held in July 2017, it became a special song when it impressed upon me just how reality and the animation were linked.
+It must have been an irreplaceable memory for the fans to watch Numazu’s beautiful night sky while listening to the song at the venue on the evening of “The 70th Numazu Summer Festival and Kano River Fireworks Festival”.
+Also, it seems that many fans cried at episode 9 when the feelings of 3rd graders which had passed over each other’s heads for several years finally came to a conclusion.
+[No.2]
+Mattete Ai no Uta(22 votes)
+The coupling song of Aqours 2nd Single “Koi ni Naritai AQUARIUM”.
+- I was captivated by how the solo parts exhibited each member’s different personalities!
+- Because it is a rare love song from Aqours!
+- Because it is a song about “longing” which is the driving force of Aqours.
+- I love lyrics that are positive despite the melancholy, that make me feel the elegance of adults despite their youthfulness.
+I think that there are many fans who were surprised that a coupling song took the No. 2 position! Just as the reasons stated, many were captivated by the solo parts and the fact that it’s a love song.
+Among the opinions we received, some commented “it’s a refreshing medium ballad fit perfectly for the sea of Numazu!” Feeling the wind while listening to the song at sunset in front of Yasudaya Inn (Chika’s Inn)… What a good idea! (lol)
+[No.1]
+Omoi yo Hitotsu ni Nare(27 votes)
+The featured song of TV anime “Love Live! Sunshine!!” Season 1 Episode 11 “Yujou Yosoro”.
+Do you know why?
+Of the 21 votes, most of everyone said that
+“I got energy and courage from that incident at 1st live! I was moved!”
+Some people said, “When I was going through difficult times and felt like I was about to break, I listened to this song and remembered what happened at 1st Live with Aqours & Rikako Aida, and I was able to do my best!”.
+Also, the lyrics “Nani ka o tsukamu koto de nani ka o akiramenai / Hold onto something, and don’t give up on it” resonated with many fans and moved them.
+It seems that the incident at 1st Live touched the hearts of many fans.
+“If you do not give up you can definitely do it”.
+It is very moving that many fans got encouraged by such a wonderful message.
+Did you find your favorite song?
+[No.1] Omoi yo Hitotsu ni Nare (27 votes)
+[No.2] Mattete Ai no Uta (22 votes)
+[No.3] Mijuku DREAMER (21 votes)
+[No.4] Thrilling・One Way (20 votes)
+[No.5] Todokanai Hoshi Da To Shitemo (18 votes)
+[No.6] Kimi No Kokoro Wa Kagayaiteru Kai? (16 votes)
+[No.7] HAPPY PARTY TRAIN (15 votes)
+[No.8] Aozora Jumping Heart (13 votes)
+[No.9] Yume Kataru yori Yume Utaou/ Aqours (12 votes)
+So how was “Love Live! Sunshine!!” TOP 9 songs of Aqours voted by 250 fans?
+I felt it was wonderful that each person’s way of thinking and feeling was different and that we could find such a variety of charms even with the same song.
+Unfortunately, even though we received many opinions on the great parts of many songs, we could only fit that many within the nine selections this time.
+Please do not hesitate to talk about songs you like!
+Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to everyone who cooperated in this survey. Thank you very much!!
+9 Songs From Love Live! Sunshine!!
+Selected By TOKYO POP GUIDE Editorial Department!
+9 Songs From Love Live! Sunshine!! Selected By TOKYO POP GUIDE Editorial Department! is also posted as below.
+9 Songs From Love Live! Sunshine!! As Selected By TOKYO POP GUIDE Editorial Department!
+The original post by sunshine_okina
+Love Live!
+Love Live! Twitter @lovelive_staff
+©PROJECT Lovelive! Sunshine!!
+©2017 PROJECT Lovelive! Sunshine!!
+Climate change and the forces of globalization are fundamentally transforming the strategic and
+economic position of the Arctic. Most of the Arctic states have already published their national
+strategies, while Finland adopted an Arctic strategy in June. What are Finland’s main priorities, policy
+objectives and concrete actions in the Arctic? How does the Finnish strategy correspond with those of
+the other Arctic states? How can the EU have influence on the Arctic development and what is Finland’s role in the EU as an Arctic member state? Could Finland be more active in the EU and if so, how?
+Speakers:
+Mr Hannu Halinen, Ambassador for Arctic Affairs, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland
+Presentation of Finland’s Strategy for the Arctic region
+Ambassador Hannu Halinen is the Ambassador for Arctic Affairs at the Ministry for Foreign
+Affairs of Finland. He is also Secretary-General of Finland’s Advisory Board for Arctic Affairs
+and a member of the Arctic Expert Committee of the Nordic Council.
+Dr. Lassi Heininen, Docent, University of Lapland
+Comments on Finland’s Arctic Strategy from a Finnish point of view
+Dr. Lassi Heininen is a Docent at the University of Lapland, Finland and Chair of the Northern
+Research Forum Steering Committee. He is also Adjunct Professor at Frost Center for
+Canadian Studies, Trent University, Canada; Adjunct Professor at Faculty of Geography,
+University of Oulu, Finland; and Visiting Professor at University of Akureyri, Iceland.
+Ms Diana Wallis, Member of the European Parliament
+Ms Diana Wallis has been a Member of the European Parliament (EP) since 1999. Elected
+as a Vice-President of the European Parliament in 2007, she has had responsibility for the
+Northern Dimension including the Arctic over that period. Ms Wallis has been a member of the
+EP Delegation to Iceland, Norway & Switzerland and the EEA Joint Parliamentary Committee
+since first being elected and is also the ALDE (the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for
+Europe) spokesperson on the Legal Affairs committee.
+Chair: Dr. Teija Tiilikainen, Director, The Finnish Institute of International Affairs
+Summary of the Seminar
+The seminar was chaired by Dr Teija Tiilikainen, Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. Dr Tiilikainen opened the event by warmly welcoming the audience, before introducing the day’s speakers and stressing the pertinence of the topic.
+Mr Hannu Halinen, Ambassador for Arctic Affairs at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, took the floor to present Finland’s Arctic Strategy to the audience. Adopted in June 2010, the Arctic Strategy was prepared by a working group appointed by the Prime Minister’s Office in which all relevant ministries participated. Follow-up work on the Strategy will be monitored by the Arctic advisory board.
+Mr Halinen stressed that the Strategy focuses on external relations. The Strategy defines Finland’s goals in the Arctic Region as well as the means to reach them. It is based around seven priority sectors, including security, economy, and the environment. The reasons for the Strategy’s drafting were many. This forgotten hinterland has recently ascended to the global limelight. Of the eight Arctic countries, Finland is the seventh to draft a strategy, with Sweden to follow. As a starting point rather than a final measure, the strategy is useful also in contributing to the EU’s Arctic policy, which is a work in progress.
+Moving into the contents, the Strategy holds the biggest security threats to be increasing seafaring and exploitation of natural resources. In light of this, activities should continue in line with international law. Given that the Arctic environment is fragile, sustainable development and best practices must be pursued. From a domestic perspective, Halinen points out the considerable economic potential of the region and that Finland can utilise its maritime expertise of extreme ice conditions, for example in the large Barents sea projects.
+In terms of addressing problems, the Strategy makes clear that infrastructure is lacking both on and offshore and needs augmenting in collaboration with other actors. Also, indigenous peoples are seen as most vulnerable to emerging threats and environmental change, and thus indigenous rights must be secured.
+The Strategy asserts that the most important institution in the region is the Arctic Council, and Finland proposes strengthening the Council. This can be done by revisiting the mandate and working methods; burden-sharing, installing a permanent secretariat, expansion of the Council’s normative role; enhanced interaction with non-arctic actors, including those seeking observer status; and developing communications and an Outreach strategy.
+Additionally, an Arctic summit has been proposed for June 2010 by Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Stubb. This would be hosted by Finland in Rovaniemi in July 2011, with the aim of looking at how to combine the exploitation of natural resources with environmental concerns, deciding who the legitimate actors are, and how to develop the Arctic Council.
+Halinen moved on to consider the EU as an Arctic player. Finland, having welcomed the EU’s Arctic communication in November 2008, believes the EU should consider the special features of the Arctic Region in the Union’s various policies and progress is seen as lacking thus far. Finland supports establishing an Arctic information centre for the European Union due to the need to better explain what is happening in and to the Arctic, and believes the EU should be admitted as a permanent member of the Arctic Council.
+For the EU, the ‘Northern Dimension’ functions as an umbrella for the regional cooperation in the area. The Arctic window of the Northern Dimension should become a central tool for the EU’s Arctic policy in terms of external relations. As it is, the Northern Dimension covers all eight Arctic countries thanks to the observer status of the US and Canada.
+In concluding, Halinen stressed that cooperation is key in the Arctic. There should be no ‘gold rush’, but rather an adherence to international law. The countries share common interests, and even the difficult circumstances of the Arctic are a driver for cooperation.
+Dr Lassi Heininen, from the University of Lapland, responded to Mr Halinen’s presentation of the Arctic strategy. Firstly he congratulated Mr Halinen and Arctic Strategy team on the good work they had done, saying it has put Finland back on the map in this regard. Dr Heininen also hoped Finland keeps this track for a long time, seeing it as beneficial for both Finland and the Arctic, especially given the growing importance of the Arctic and Finland’s support for non-conflict rules.
+Dr Heininen told the audience that there are two narrative views on the Arctic, which see current developments as conflict and, conversely, non-conflict. Dr Heininen sees this document as a Finnish response to the new peaceful post-Cold War situation. There is a need for a holistic approach to the Arctic and Arctic strategy calls for this, with science and policy working together.
+Dr Heininen was pleased to see Finland stressing the environmental aspects, and felt it was important to bring back the term ‘fragile’, seemingly rarely used for 20 years or so. However, in linking economic exploitation and environmental concerns, Dr Heininen saw problems. These twin but seemingly contradictory interests can not go together, and so there is a need to ask ‘what is the priority?’ Thus, the Strategy appears to have more expectations than realistic goals. As for strengthening Finland’s position as an expert in the Arctic region, the respondent found this to be very important, holding the view that Finland can do much more in this field, and that there would be a need for an inventory of what Finland already has in this regard.
+Overall, the ideas on cooperation were seen as very welcome and timely. In terms of the Strategy’s priority, it is seen in economy and infrastructure and this is understandable. Though, if the Strategy is said to be focussed on external relations, it should look outwards not just inwards. Finally, Dr Heininen believed the document was at best when it says that the Arctic Council is now central, and should the proposed summit take place next year, this should be the main item, as the three other main goals would then follow. Finland has claimed itself an advocate and defender of EU in Arctic policy. This is positive, but has its risks. In the sum, Dr Heininen declared the Finnish Strategy to be modern and comprehensive.
+Next, Ms Diana Wallis, member of the European Parliament, gave comments on Finland’s Arctic strategy from an EU perspective. She began also by congratulating that pushed for this, but now it is also right that we redress the balance and begin to focus on Arctic affairs.
+On the Strategy, Ms Wallis has passed two resolutions on the Arctic. These were momentous for the wide-range of MEPs involved. Additionally, there are two different parliamentary groupings dealing with the region, with a formal report to be prepared for this autumn, as well as a formal response to policy. As for these groups, Ms Wallis, Ms Wallis.
+The first question of the Q & A session concerned Finland’s and the Arctic Council’s stance on observers and the role of the EU, and the possibility of NATO as an observer. In reply, it was stated that there are six permanent observers and with eight applications pending, plus civil society participation. The Council is strengthened by this, but no position reached as yet on observers. As for NATO, the organisation has not applied for such a status, thus shows no apparent interest and therefore cannot be considered.
+Similarly, the second question was on outside actors and whether the eight Arctic Council member states should consider the other 60 countries globally that want to exploit the Arctic and admit these as observers. The broad response was that it is preferable to have actors involved rather than not involved.
+Next, a member of the audience asked for clarification of Halinen’s claim that there is currently no race for natural resources. In backing the original claim, Halinen stated that after recent incidents in the Gulf of Mexico, the ensuing fallout will see and prolong a more cautious approach to resource extraction.
+The following issue raised was of the twin but contradictory aims of environmental protection and economic exploitation. Having been asked to expand on this, Dr Heininen replied that this is a universal, global dilemma. It is mass scale utilisation of resources and the fragile environment that cannot go side by side. Further, acting too early and too quickly rather than waiting for technology induces big risks. Principally, drilling is the main threat as opposed to increased navigation of the region.
+Finally, Dr Tiilikainen asked Ms Wallis as to what extent the EU’s Arctic policy has been discussed internally. Wallis expounded that if involved directly in a matter, it makes its decisions internally. Though this poses problems, it is still possible in this context for this approach to be maintained, just as it has been made possible in other fora previously.
+
+6 Reasons Why You Need To Exercise Now!
+It’s a new year and it’s time for everyone and their mother to claim they are going to get into shape. New year, new body, yea yea yea. Everybody knows the importance of exercise. Ever since we were in elementary, our schoolteachers have already introduced us to the many benefits that exercise can offer to our body.
+Despite knowing how exercise is good for us, most of us still don’t make the effort to include it in our daily activities, some because of time constraint, others because of pure laziness. I’m leaning a bit more towards laziness for the excuse! Despite our many excuses to weasel our way out of exercising, it still can’t be argued that working out offers many great benefits to our body.
+According to Dr. Edward Laworksi from Mayo Clinic, the average exercise needed everyday is about 20 minutes of moderate aerobic activity, and 10 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity. Regular exercise can greatly boost overall health.So what are the benefits of exercise to our body?
+Physical Benefits
+The many physical benefits that exercise provides cannot be denied. It keeps away from lifestyle diseases, avoids obesity, and also improves our resistance.
+- Wards Off Lifestyle Diseases
+The most common lifestyle diseases that many people are affected with are heart disease, diabetes, stroke, and cancer. These diseases can be life changing for those who experience it. Exercise can effectively protect our body from these diseases because it promotes adequate blood circulation that provides life-giving oxygen to various parts of our body.
+The heart’s pumping action is improved, fat is burned, and cholesterol levels are lowered. All this decreases the possibility of blood clots that can lodge in small arteries that are the common cause of heart attacks and strokes. Osteoporosis is also prevented because of weight bearing activity that strengthens bone structure.
+- Decreases the Risk of Obesity
+Being obese can predispose our body to many harmful diseases. It also affects the way we feel about ourselves. This condition is not only harmful to our health, but it is also stress inducing and can greatly lower self-esteem. Exercise can help burn fat and increase metabolic activity, thus preventing the onset of obesity.
+- Improves Resistance
+Regular and consistent exercise is believed to be linked towards improving the function of the immune system. Because of working out, immune cells are better able to circulate the body, and are also more active, thus having a greater chance to kill various bacteria and viruses. Having regular exercise can effectively protect the body against the regular cough, colds, and flu, and also from serious diseases that attack the immune system.
+Psychological Benefits
+Aside from the obvious rewards that working out can offer to our physical body, exercise can also greatly benefit our psychological wellness. There are many ways in which working out can bring about greater mental health.
+- Improves Mood
+Aerobic exercise prompts our body to produce chemicals called endorphins. These are oftentimes called as happy hormones. These are believed to have four key effects on the body
+- Relives pain
+- Enhances the immune system
+- Reduces stress
+- Postpones the aging process
+It is also said to release other chemicals such as adrenaline, serotonin and dopamine which all work together to make you feel good. Aside from providing a happy feeling, exercise allows more control on your emotions.
+- Fights Stress And Anxiety
+Everybody is faced with different kinds of stress throughout our daily lives. At times, the stress can become like a heavy burden that interrupts our productivity. Positive thinking and ample rest can both help fight against stress.
+Those who exercise actually go to sleep faster, and feel more refreshed upon waking up, while having sharper memories. Exercise promotes blood flow to the brain, providing added oxygen that can help in concentration. Endorphins are also released for a happier feeling, thus fighting off the capability of stress to get to you.
+- Improves Self Esteem
+When we exercise, everything seems to feel a lot better. Toning the body and burning excess fat can help boost confidence. Clothes can fit better, friends begin to notice a more positive aura, and more compliments seem to come our way.
+Working out can also give us a break from worrying too much, and from stressing about the activities that lie ahead. All this is enough to boost our self esteem and make us more confident. Exercise has always been something that is continuously being encouraged and promoted.
+Regular work out sessions especially when started at a young age, can effectively protect our bodies from contracting debilitating lifestyle diseases that may not only affect our activities of daily living, but can also impair the way we live our lives.
+Instead of suffering from a incurable disease, spending thousands of dollars in medication, and restricting ourselves from certain food and activity, the smarter choice would be to start a healthy lifestyle at a younger age. Work out now, and reap the rewards later.
+Thanks for the reminders! Exercise is also free, you don't need to invest in a gym membership. Walk, jog, ride a bike, or go for a hike with your family, you'll be glad you did!
+What's better than Free? I think the big problem is people just don't start. Once you get on the treadmill you will probably work out. I make it a habit of convincing my self to just start for 5 minutes and it works out really well at motivating me to finish
+Great post
+#7–It's fun!
+And, since we're all into personal finance, all of those reasons add up to money in your pocket. Better health=more energy=more production=more money
+=less times sick=no dr. visits=no co-pays or prescriptions or procedures
+Good addition. I might edit the article to through this in there. Being healthy saves so much money.
+I definitely agree that exercising improves my mood and helps me fight off stress. I notice that I'm not feeling as good on days I don't exercise, and I even get a little cranky. Exercise gives me more energy, too!
+Jeff I'm the same exact way. I sleep better, feel better and perform better in all areas. If I don't exercise it's similar to when I don't eat. My temper and attention is very short.
+Totally agree. I feel so much better when I exercise and the benefits go way beyond weight loss. I've gotten some of my best ideas when I'm exercising because my mind is relaxed and I'm able to focus. If I don't exercise my body actually starts to hurt from feeling stiff and just overall BLAH!
+Great reminder. This list is a good reminder all year long, not just in January!!
+When you like how you look that confidence creeps into other areas. Exercise fixes the physical and improve the mental.
+Do you have any tips for getting motivated to exercise?
+All good points, nicely written. I've got the exercize part down, it's the food intake that I need to modify to bring the equation back into balance.
+90% of health/fitness is what you eat. I'm curious what is your current diet? My diet is weird and boring but it works big time. I wrote a guest post for budgeting in the fun stuff on it.
+My diet consists of chicken breasts, mix vegetables and protein/meal replacement shakes
+I worked exercise into my commute in an effort to stay healthy and save money. I have to get to work somehow, so by biking when the weather allows, I essentially kill two birds with one stone. Plus, I don't have to deal with horrific traffic!!
+I tried biking to work one time.. I definitely underestimated cycling. Unfortunately, I wear a suit every day and my job doesn't have a shower so I had to stop biking just as fast as I started.
+Ahh..I'm lucky because we have an entire separate shower suite that pretty much only gets used by me! I'm eagerly waiting for summer to return so I can bike every day!!
+Yes you're very lucky. Personal shower at work. I'm jealous
+6 Reasons Why You Need To Exercise Now!…
+t’s a new year and it’s time for everyone and their mother to claim they are going to get into shape. New year, new body, yea yea yea. Everybody knows the importance of exercise. Ever since we were in elementary, our schoolteachers have already introdu…
+I am going to read this again tomorrow morning to motivate myself to get on the treadmill!
+Good. I hope it helps!
+Do you know any other benefits of exercise that I might have missed?
+At this point, the treadmill is just staring at me and sending me "get off your butt" vibes. Got to get one more child off to school and then I'll start moving.
+You have a high tech treadmill if you're getting vibes :-). One way I get motivated is to get in my full workout gear. Once you get dressed you should be ready to go
+It sits right across from my desk so it just stares at me. Now…that would be a good business idea…put a camera on it so that it watches me. If I am sitting too long, it sends me a message like "Get up lazy!" or "Do you really want that chip?"
+I'm proud to report that I did get off my tush and walked/ran on the treadmill for 30 minutes. I do feel good. Maybe I will put a sign on it to motivate myself tomorrow!
+Great job! 30 minutes a day will definitely have you feeling and looking great
+Yes sir, I remember there was a point in my life where I didn't exercise for about 6 months, and I always felt like crap. Just gotta force yourself to go and get into the habit of working out.
+Why didn't you exercise for 6 months? If I don't work out I feel like crap on a stick, low energy, crabby. I'm definitely not a good person to be around.
+No excuse here, just got lazy =(
+Good points. I agree the hard part is starting. I feel great after working out. Its the BEFORE part that I have a problem with…
+To get myself pumped up I generally tell myself to just do it for 5 minutes. I end up working out for hours.
+Do you have any other motivational tips for working out?
+I really need to get on this. I'm not overweight, but I am weak and stiff. And stressed out.
+I think some people don't exercise because they don't like themselves. I probably used to feel this way, but since I no longer do, it's time to do it.
+It sounds like it's time to work out. Just do it! It's best to workout when your energy levels are high so choose the best time for you and just start.
+I love working for all of the above reasons. But mostly I love it because of the way it makes me feel: energetic and less stressed. Sometimes it is difficult to force myself to go to the gym after work but every time I do it, it feels… rewarding.
+Working out after a long day at work is definitely tough. Have you tried to work out in the morning?
+I do a daily workout with bodyweight exercises, but I'm lacking in aerobics. I'm working on rehab to get back to playing soccer. Target: start of Q2.
+I take it you have some form of leg injury preventing you from cycling or running. Is that why you said you're missing aerobics?
+I played soccer for all of 5 minutes. I was lighting fast but I have no ball control what so ever so I kinda sucked at it. What position do you play in soccer?
+I've had a series of muscle tears in my lower legs. Comes from having weak ankles, and just plain wearing out as I get older
+I know all about muscle tears. I tore my Patellar tendon.. worst pain I ever felt in my life.
+Thanks for the pep talk (at least that is what it was for me).
+No problem! I'm glad I can help. Did you start working out?
+I'm so glad I caught myself just as I was starting to gain weight! That was a little over 3 years ago. Since then I've managed to stay in shape even though I have "bad" tastes: I like beer, fried food, and chocolate!
+Working out has allowed me to enjoy those weaknesses without blowing up! I say that's not a bad deal
+I agree, there should always be a balance of sorts. It's ok to indulge in the things you love if you consistently work out.
+Francis and Philip (Update)
+Robert P. Imbelli July 27, 2013 - 11:39am
+In his homily this morning, during Mass with bishop, priests, religious, and seminarians, Pope Francis urged them: "Be servants of communion and of the culture of encounter!"
+It brought to mind the letter sent ten years ago by the late Monsignor Philip Murnion to the Bishops of the United States – literally as he lay dying. Philip wrote:
+A spirituality of communion and dialogue is as demanding in its asceticism as a spirituality of the desert or the cloister. Like them, it also requires its own appropriate structures. The Catholic tradition knows well that spirituality and structure are not opposed. Here, as elsewhere, it affirms the "both/and" of charism and institution, invisible grace and visible embodiment. Both are essential, though only one is eternal. We can ill afford to be less Catholic than the pope himself who insists: "The spirituality of communion, by prompting a trust and openness wholly in accord with the dignity and responsibility of every member of the people of God, supplies institutional reality with a soul."
+The Pope Philip was quoting was John Paul II. Francis seems to be implementing the program.
+Update: In a blunt and programmatic address to the leadership of the Latin American Episcopal Conference Pope Francis laid out his vision of renewal in the Church. Many of the themes have appeared piecemeal over these weeks; but here they form an integral whole.
+He said for example:
+In practice, do we make the lay faithful sharers in the Mission? Do we offer them the word of God and the sacraments with a clear awareness and conviction that the Holy Spirit makes himself manifest in.
+And in a succinct statement of his passionate persuasion:.
+Hold on – the next months will be quite a ride. Or, better, as he would insist: go forth and share the Good News!
+About the Author
+Rev. Robert P. Imbelli, a priest of the Archdiocese of New York, is Associate Professor of Theology Emeritus at Boston College.
+Commenting Guidelines
+In his adress to Bishops (only) on the same day, Francis said:
+"Let us not reduce the involvement of women in the Church, but instead promote their active role in the ecclesial community. By losing women, the Church risks becoming sterile."
+and
+."... (scroll down)
+John Hayes,
+Thanks for calling attention to this important address of Pope Francis to the Bishops of Brazil.
+This link may be better:...
+The pope said: "Today, we need a Church capable of walking at people’s side, of doing more than simply listening to them;"
+But the "Church" ( I assume he means clergy and hierarchy only when saying "Church' rather than THE church of 1.1 billion) doesn't listen. And since they don't listen they are not capable of walking with the people.
+The "church" (hierarchy/clergy) has to realize it can't just talk to it also has to listen. Until they show that they can listen, it is premature to talk about the "church" walking with the people.
+I agree, Anne. Pope Francis seems to be assuming that the hierarchy does listen. But with very few exceptions they don't. Somewhere else he said that the bishops must "dialogue, dialogue, dialogue". But dialogue with t he laity doesn't seem to be part of any of the hierarchy's plans. They don't even seem to dialogue with the theologians. It's all a one way verbal street.
+"Today, we need a Church capable of walking at people’s side, of doing more than simply listening to them;"
+I can hear Fr. Congar asking: "Pro quo supponit Ecclesia?" What does the word "Church" mean here? Are the people not the Church? So then does it mean the hierarchy?
+Ann is right that there's not a great deal of listening going on, although I'd be less sweeping in her indictment of the hierarchy: there are hierarchs and there are hierarchs; some listen, some don't. The real problem is that there aren't sufficient institutions for such dialogue and listening. The great failure of Vatican II was that it gave so little attention to institutions needed to concretize its vision of the Church.
+Francis, in yet another address:
+"Peaceful coexistence between different religions is favoured by the laicity of the state, which, without appropriating any one confessional stance, respects and esteems the presence of the religious dimension in society, while fostering its more concrete expressions."
+And
+."
+Text from page...
+of the Vatican Radio website
+Pope Francis has been quoted above as saying, "Today, we need a Church capable of walking at people's side, of doing more than simply listening."
+In making this statement, Pope Francis credits the capitalized "Church" of 1.1 billion members, including the authority structure of the Church, with listening to other people in the world.
+But he challenges the 1.1 billion members of the Church, including the authority structure of the Church, to do more that simply listen to other people.
+He challenges the 1.1 billion members of the Church to walk at other people's side -- presumably to walk alongside other people of goodwill in the world.
+But he hints that the 1.1 billion members of the Church, including the authoritystructure ofthe Church, are not capable of walking at other people's side, so he says that "we need a Church capable of walking at people's side."
+So what all does he mean by walking at people's side?
+And why isn't the Church already capable of walking at people's side? It strikes me that there is a hint of a critique of the Church in this statement.
+If you missed the Mass at Copacabana Beach this morning, you can see it here, posted by Vatican News Service
+Maybe wen he talks to bishops only, by "Church" pope Francis means bishops; when he talks to clergy and seminarians, by "Church" he means clergy; when he talks at Mass, by "Church" he means all Catholics; and when he gives a speech, by "Church" he means all Christians. Whoever he's talking to, he can say that "we" are the Church.
+Francis, speaking to the Bishop of the CELAM conference identifies some "temptations against missionary discipleship"”.
+Text from page...
+of the Vatican Radio website
+Bishop = Bishops
+More from Francis in that speech:
+?
+Text from page...
+of the Vatican Radio website
+Francis' comment about pastoral councils reminded me of my uneasiness last week when our pastor announced at Mass that he had consulted with the pastoral council and "he" had decided to change the Mass schedule.
+Technically, that is correct. If everyone on the pastoral council was opposed to changing the Mass schedule, he could still do it on his own - his obligation is only to consult them, not to follow their advice..
+I haven't heard of any disagreement about the new Mass schedule so this came across as "even though the Pastoral Council and I agreed on this issue, I want to make sure that you understand that I get to make the decisions in the end"
+Unfortunate. "We have decided to change the Mass schedule" would have been more respectful to the Council (I am not involved).
+.”...
+Regarding simplicity - the Holy Father himself has a very simple and direct way of speaking. His homilies don't seem to be nearly as dense as those of his two predecessors. I like the direct simplicity.
+"The real problem is that there aren't sufficient institutions for such dialogue and listening. The great failure of Vatican II was that it gave so little attention to institutions needed to concretize its vision of the Church."
+JAK --
+Have there ever been in the history of the Church institutions which provide the opportunity for the theologians, lower clergy and laity to insist on dialogue with the bishops? How did Augustine get to know his flock's thinking?
+In the Middle Ages at least the theologians were expected to answered questions from the laity on certain occations. Aquinas, for instance, answered all sorts of questions directly from the public (e.g., "Is it true that the baby Jesus fashioned the stars with His own hands?") As I remember the questioning was held on certain feast days in open fields, but I could be mis-remembering that.
+When have the bishops been available, if ever, to dialogue? Or just answer questions?
+What sort of institution for such dialogue would be practical for today? Something using the internet maybe?
+John H. --
+Thanks for Francis' speech. ISTM it shows he will take action only after thinking about the problems at hand in depth and systematically. Curia, look out! A different sort of intelligence from Benedict's.
+Definitely! The analogy with Aquinas is a good thing. The "landscape" is different but the principle is the same. We all need to have vital relationships and meaningful exchanges with all of us who take faith seriously. The internet, blogs, etc. can be effective forums for this to occurr. It does take some getting used to and there are drawback but pluses. For example, the communication can be disembodied although that is both a a plus and drawback.
+Experimentation is occurring and it will take some time for it to be incorporated.
+Bottom line, where there is a will there is a way. If there are no institutional vehicles for dialogue it is because there was no real desire to have dialogue in the first place!
+Any leader who really wants dialogue can have it and access it. Not a complicated problem.
+And, if I may add, not as precise. There is more redundancy and less clear accuracy. Maybe that is much more effective for public speaking to a general audience.
+His speech to the bishops is extraordinary. When was the last time a pope gave such a strong push for pastoral councils? But there are many other novel suggestions, things I don't think I have heard in my lifetime. How about that on the role of bishops:
+Amazing. Just amazing. Can the church institution become something other than an obstacle in the way of people who are trying to think or do new things?
+Encouraged by that stance, people now ought to start voicing their ideas. What have they been keeping to themselves for fear of condemnation?
+Now, translating that encouragement to action: will there be any change in the way in which the CDF comes after theologians who are trying out new paths?
+That is a problem, but is it not a consequence of a prior and greater problem, a simple reluctance to listen rooted in the old belief, still powerful but now often unspoken, that lay people are not called to participate in any effective way in the governance of the Church, their role being to listen and say "Amen"? And pay the bills, of course.
+Like the teacher who is said to appear when the student is ready, institutions for dialogue will arise almost effortlessly when they are genuinely desired. But let everyone understand, real dialogue brings with it the risk of having to acknowledge that your interlocutor is right and you are wrong.
+Ann: Newman made your point about the Middle Ages. Two paragraphs, one from a letter, the other from his Apologia:
+Why was it that the Medieval Schools were so vigorous? becaus they were allowed free and fair play--because the disputants were not made to feel the bit in their mouths at every word they spoke, but could move their limbs freely and expatiate at will. Then, when they were wrong, a stronger and truer intellect set them down--and, as time went on, if the dispute got perilous, and a controversialist obstinate, then at length Rome interfered--at length, not at first--Truth is wrought out by many minds, working together freely. As far as I can make out, this has ever been the rule of the Church till now when the first French Revolution having destroyed the Schools of Europe, a sort of centralization has been established at headquarters--and the individual thinker in France, England, or Germany is brought into immediate collision with the most sacred authorities of the Divine Polity (Letters and Diaries, XX, p. 426.). {358} authority is called upon to pronounce a decision, which has already been arrived at by reason. But even then, perhaps the supreme to do this, if he knew an authority,. (Apologia, 357-58).
+The reference in the letter to centralization is important. In the nineteenth century, while resisting the move in secular political and social life towards the omni-competent centralized State (e.g., the France of the Napoleonic Code), Rome was, consciously or not, in fact adopting it for the governance of the Church. And as the secular development tended to eliminate or to emasculate intermediate bodies so that all that would remain would be the all-powerful State and the lonely individual, so in the Church intermediate bodies were increasingly deprived of significance, so that "immediate collisions" would occur between the theologian and the centralized power of Rome.
+Institutional reform, I believe, has to aim at re-invigorating those intermediate instances.
+I think it's just great he's calling on us to get out there and evangelize, not just sit in our parishes talking among ourselves. Also, really appreciate the nod to the laity; wouldn't be much of a church without us.
+I like his simple sermons as well. It's always bothered me that while much of the Gospels is really clear and strightforward (radical, but straightforward), we've layered on so much over the centuries to make it incomprehensible. It's one thing to enrich our understanding over time, another thing to make Jesus' message so complicated normal people can't understand it.
+That's a very poignant letter from Monsignor Murnion. Did it have an impact when it was written?
+On the plane back to Rome, Francis answered questions from reporters for over an hour - and said some interesting things.
+John Allen reports:
+John Hayes,
+"Interesting" is putting it mildly!
+Lots there, but I'll just lift up this homely piece:
+" As always, the ones who aren’t saints make the most noise … a single tree falling makes a sound, but a whole forest growing doesn’t.”
+And of course that sound gets magnified by the media no end.
+Regarding that interview on the plane, when he said that John Paul II definitively closed the door on women priests. That had been my understanding, but I wasn't sure: I had thought that the question of women priests had been on the table, until John Paul the II took it off.
+If that's the case, I don't think John Paul II should be canonized.
+When John Paul II used the term definitive I had the impression he was stopping short of claiming infallibility on the matter, perhaps on advice of counsel, so to speak, and trying to get the effect of an order that cannot be changed or challenged without literally making the claim. Perhaps Pope Francis has been talking to el viejo about this matter?
+From the Pope's airborne news conference:
+Watch those metaphors, Your Holiness. A wall is meant to be a permanent barrier. It is the nature and purpose of doors to be opened as well as closed.
+From the Vatican News version of the Press Conference:
+Andrea Torinelli - most detailed report I have seen to date - it includes some points not mentioned elsewhere.
+or...
+To put women down by saying they are a special case, wonderful, admirable, " important" . . . but of course not suited to some roles within the Church--doesn't that marginalize them quite effectively?. It's a very old trick, and it works. So much for outreach?
+The version from... is more specific than the Vatican News version regarding the quote on women:
+Claire,
+here is the Italian: "Per quanto riguarda l'ordinazione delle donne, la Chiesa ha parlato e ha detto no. Giovanni Paolo II si è pronunciato con una formulazione definitiva, quella porta è chiusa."
+And hre's the Spanish: "En cuanto a las ordenaciones de las mujeres, la Iglesia ha hablado y ha dicho que no. Juan Pablo II se pronunció con una formulación definitiva, esa puerta está cerrada."
+I'm not sure what language he answered the question in; but he certainly did not say "bishops."
+."
+How easy it is to change the meaning of a sentence completely by inserting or omitting a single word.
+I should know better, but with this pope I never know what to expect any more. People put words in his mouth, and I can't even tell! I imagine his staff must be nervous.
+(Please reinstate the edit feature … please!)
+As I thought I was going to say:
+Canon Law only mandates Finance Councils, not Pastoral Councils. Even that mandate is so loosely defined and enforced, that it is the rare FC that has any meaningful effect on the local scene. The parish pastor completely controls who will serve, how often they will meet and the effect, if any, of their recommendations (not decisions). If he doesn’t like what he hears, he can replace individual members or total membership. In way too many cases FCs are nothing more than …. “a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his (their) hour upon the stage and then is heard no more: it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing.”
+I have been a member of 2 FCs in the same parish. The first was treated by the pastor as a contributing partner and he took our recommendations seriously. He was replaced and the new man simply ignored what we recommended. He didn’t even attend the meetings. The membership finally resigned in disgust and he didn’t even replace the FC for 18 months. The parish membership itself had absolutely no say whatsoever in the financial or other secular management of the parish.
+Need I say that contributions dropped off precipitously, necessitating staff cutbacks and layoffs?
+On the issue of women's ordination I have no reason to doubt that Francis really means he is not interested in revising, reexamining JPII's "definitive" teaching.
+Certainly a big part of me wishes this weren't so and women would join the clerical class pronto.
+But stepping back, taking something of the long view (but hopefully not too long), I am very interested in Francis's repeated condemnations of clericalism and his very clear call to give women more leadership roles in the Church.
+I wonder if there is any chance we could see a change in canon law, going back to pre-1917 rules which allowed for lay Cardinals? Of course, along with that change, would have to be the more revolutionary change of admitting women to the College. None of the weak theological arguments against women priests would have any relevance. Being a Cardinal, an advisor and elector, has nothing to do with acting in persona Christi. And really, the only reason lay women never had this role pre-1917 is due to historical sexism, which the Church rightly recognizes as sinful.
+We need this movement in the Church -- Lay Cardinal Women Right-away. L.C.W.R. -- Where have I seen those initials before? I am using "lay" to mean someone not given major orders -- obviously women in religious life would be some of the most likely women candidates. Joan Cardinal Chittister comes to mind.
+By the way, the head of the USCCB and Fr. Imbelli's boss is on the record saying there is no theological reason for excluding women from the College of Cardinals....
+I was reminded of these words of pope Francis in his address to the leadership of the CELAM:
+when I saw this succinct quote in the Tel-Aviv museum of the diaspora (quote from Abba Kovner, WWII concentration camp survivor):
+“Why impossible?” he pleaded. “There was nothing to see but clothes,” he said afterwards to his father. “Except for them his Grace was just a common little man, much like Dickon, the tailor, in Eign street.” canada goose bubble coat bubble coat was quartered in Ireland once," said Ruck coolly, "and not far from the celebrated Blarney Stone. At least, Miss Hedge, I hope I speak sufficiently glibly to explain thoroughly the reason I wish you to be my wife."..” canada goose bubble coat “We may see no one,” said the poor lawyer, for such he proved to be. “Come, you are unbound now, sit here and I will tell you what to expect.” “What?” She leant her face against her mother’s to catch the words. Springing to her feet, she glared at Mr. Dak. canada goose bubble coat. The clerk glanced down the row of pigeon-holes and drew out a slip of paper. So for a time all went well with them, and Hilary learnt to love Dame Elizabeth, who, feeling sorry for the motherless girl, did what she could for her and always gave her the warmest of welcomes at Canon From. "Who is he?" asked Mrs. Lilly.canada goose trillium parka sale uk
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+canada goose bubble coat“Eggs are fragile things,” she said, laughingly. “I am not sure that I can trust you.”
+From the capture of Bloemfontein onwards, the nomenclature of mounted troops in South Africa, except as a clue to their race, origin, and professional or unprofessional character, ceases to possess practical significance. There emerges a single military type—the mounted rifleman—the man, that is, who can ride and shoot. Whether in reconnaissance, tactics, or strategy, in defence or offence, in any combination from a patrol to a commando, squadron, brigade, or division, or as a single scout; be he Boer or Briton, the better he can ride, and the better he can shoot, the better soldier he is.. “My dear!” remonstrated Mrs. Unett, “you had best go down and thank Mr. Harford for his courteous inquiries.”
+She opened it and peeped in at the three and sixpence it contained, and then shut it with a snap as if fearful of their escaping. “What did it reveal?” asked Gabriel, eagerly. canada goose trillium parka sale uk .. canada goose trillium parka sale uk He pressed his lips against the slim wrist that she held out. “Please don’t. It would hurt me most awfully.” canada goose trillium parka sale uk. "Evil, evil! your eyes are sad, your mouth does not smile! Oh, tell me quickly what you know! Is he found? is he ill? is he--dead?" ." canada goose trillium parka sale uk "Well! You forget Pallanza?"
+Through all the dust and heatcanada goose trillium parka sale uk
+.” canada goose bubble coat Suddenly he ceased working. There was a step on the stairs, a knock at the door. Could it be?—— "Do you believe him?" he race?” I said, with a gingerly air of merest curiosity. ." canada goose trillium parka sale uk canada goose trillium parka sale uk
+“To-morrow,” he said, “I will ride to Newbury, and if Dr. Twisse gives his consent, who knows but he may be willing to return with me, and himself tie the knot? For in days like these I am sure Madam Harford will agree with the proverb, ‘Happy is the wooing that’s not long a-doing.’” CHAPTER VI. [Pg 138] ." But grasping all in her vast active spright;
+.” "The Laurels, 11 p.m. canada goose jacke “Norton!” he cried, in horror. “He is the man you trust? The man who has dared to speak of love to you?” “You thought of that all by your little self!” Her voice rose in a clear carol of music. “You quaint, funny person.” Catching her humor, he joined in her laughing. “It seemed tremendously possible while you slept. I even reckoned up my bank-account. But I’ve a real scheme now. When we ran away from Fanner Joseph, I was going to take you to my mother. D’you remember?” canada goose jacke "Two and a half in the afternoon. I attend to my military duties in the morning. Buona sera, Hugo!" So for a time all went well with them, and Hilary learnt to love Dame Elizabeth, who, feeling sorry for the motherless girl, did what she could for her and always gave her the warmest of welcomes at Canon Frome. canada goose jacke With that Betelnut Jack lounged over to Fourth Street and disappeared towards Broadway and the Bowery further east. canada goose jacke.canada goose jacke
+Gabriel assented, but his eyes were fixed on Falkland’s face; the indignation in it had changed to a look of rare delight, the delight of one who has at last found congenial work. So our strife shall end. “Nothing, sir.” canada goose jacke Beatrice sank back in the chair and fixed her eyes fearfully on the man who thus accused Vivian of a terrible crime. "You say that to frighten me," she gasped. "A black patch!" cried Mrs. Snow, rising, much excited. "Colonel Hall was also murdered by a man with a black patch. I swear it." canada goose jacke canada goose jacke "Yes.".
+When Young Wolf an’ the Rosebud on their return were a day’s ride from the Sioux, Moh-Kwa went to the lodge of Coldheart an’ said: But all was false and hollow; though his tongue The significant thing was not the failure of this piece of brilliant recklessness, but that it came so near success, and met with so little punishment. The Boers retired without disorder, carrying some of their wounded with them, and leaving on the field fifty dead and thirty badly wounded men. Our own losses, besides prisoners taken from the advanced screen, were seven killed and fifty-six wounded, mainly by fire from the saddle, and from those figures the reader may judge of the moral effect of this form of fire, coupled with the spectacle of the charge, in baulking the aim of the defence. It is safe to say that one casualty inflicted in this way has as much moral effect as three inflicted by men on foot. But in the physical sphere there was another important effect of saddle-fire. Grenfell’s column lost, partly from this cause, no less than 150 horses. Many more stampeded. In other words, the column for the time being was demobilized, and deprived of any possibility of a counter-stroke, though a more fruitful opportunity for a counter-stroke can scarcely be 252imagined.[61] The weak points in this charge are apparent. The cardinal factor—surprise—high as it was, was not high enough to counteract the vulnerability due to comparatively low speed, in good light, over a bare plain; and the excessively close formation aggravated this vulnerability. Formation, of course, admits of no dogmatic rules. There is no insuperable objection to a dense line, if the surprise is great enough to justify it, and if, when close quarters are reached, the line is not so dense as to strike too small an area or impede that free use of the rifle on foot which is the object of the charge. When Ugly Elk sets up the war-pole, an’ calls to his young men to make ready to go against the Pawnees to take skelps an’ steal ponies, Strike Axe is the first to beat the war-pole with his stone club, an’ his war pony is the first that is saddled for the start. “You don’t Why not?” "Mr. Alpenny always wore one suit," and Durban explained the old-fashioned dress; "but when I found the body, it was clothed in a loose cloak which he used to wear in rough weather." canada goose in canada to buy The next day, when Chicken Bill called on Dead-wood Maggie, he was met with a smothering flight of table furniture and told never to come back. “Nothing.” canada goose in canada to buy “Who’s to win the first race?” I asked. canada goose in canada to buy "You are a demon!" canada goose in canada to buy
+And if I had some salve therefore,canada goose in canada to buy
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+.”
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+To relieve her conscience of responsibility he would lie like a corsair, bolstering up the fiction that business was his sole reason for remaining.canada goose winter vest winter vest "No. Mrs. Snow told me.". “I cannot take him in now—the women-folk be all abed and asleep, and we be hard-working folk; but bring him at dawn to-morrow and my wife will tend him before she sets about her business in the dairy.”. canada goose winter vest "No. But Major Ruck---- Wait, Vivian; let us sit down and talk. I have much to tell you, dear." canada goose winter vest “Did you do that on purpose to make me mad?” She threw the door open. On the point of jumping out, she hesitated. “The pavement’s so slushy. Whatever shall I do with my thin shoes and all?”. "Oh!" Lady Watson started, and cast a suspicious look on the grave young face. "Then you are not glad to see me on my own account?" "No!" cried Durban, with great assurance. "What makes you think that?" canada goose low price But Moh-Kwa was not there to look; Moh-Kwa had gone early to the bee-tree, an’ now with his nose in a honey comb was high an’ hearty up among the angry bees. canada goose bubble coat "You mean," said Patience, "that you cannot accept his proposition." “Yes.” canada goose low price “Well, well, come round to the kitchen, man, though ’tis over early for your noonings,” said Durdle, with a laugh, “but, by-the-bye, what was the tale I heard in the village last night about the doings at Drybrook?” canada goose low price “You do! Then, you do wish it could last forever? Dear little D., if you chose, you could make it last.”
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+“Was that your errand?”." "He was a tall, handsome man, very kind, and stately in his bearing, my dear. Mr. Paslow--the father of Master Vivian--knew him very well, and asked him to stop here."prevpage：canada goose bubble coat
+23 Reasons To Eat More Zinc-Rich Foods/
+Could you be missing this vital nutrient because of your diet? Find out if you’re not getting enough and missing out on the benefits of zinc.
+In today’s 24/7 society of constant connectivity and longer work days, many people are struggling to keep up.
+How can you stay on top of your work deadlines, find time to exercise, and have enough energy for family and friend time in the evening?
+Fatigue, low mood, frequent colds and flu, and lack of vitality are more and more commonplace. While there are a number of essential vitamins and minerals, there are a select few that influence many key areas of your health. Zinc is one of those “all-star” nutrients.
+Almost 20 percent of the population is at risk of overt zinc deficiency, while insufficient intake — a level at which your intake doesn’t meet your daily needs — is seen in almost one out two people. (1)
+How important is zinc? It’s involved in over 300 different chemical reactions in the body. From immunity to wound healing, healthy skin to libido, zinc packs a serious health punch.
+Here are 23 ways zinc can supercharge your health.
+#1 Stops Cold and Flu
+If you struggle with catching too many colds or flus, or find you’re always getting sick, then upgrading your zinc intake should be a top priority.
+Zinc helps to supercharge the production of your first line of immune defense immune soldiers, neutrophils and natural killer cells, which means more protection for you from nasty bugs. (2)
+#2 Supports Robust Metabolism
+Whether it’s long days at the office or intense exercise sessions at the gym, stress is one of the primary causes of sluggish thyroid function and weight gain. Prolonged stress can decrease levels of both T4 and T3 thyroid hormone. Ensuring adequate zinc intake can protect against this effect. (3)
+#3 Boosts Testosterone
+Testosterone is equally important for both men and women. It’s vital for building lean muscle, keeping bones strong, supporting a healthy heart, and boosting libido. Zinc supports the production of testosterone at a cellular levels in the testes in men and ovaries in women if your levels are low. (4)
+#4 Improves Blood Sugar
+Maintaining steady blood sugar levels throughout the day is a hallmark of good health and maintaining an ideal body composition. Research in children shows increasing zinc intake has a dramatic improvement on fasting blood sugar levels. (5)
+#5 Improves Insulin Function
+If you’re overweight, out of shape, or in poor health, then you likely have poor insulin sensitivity. Insulin, your blood sugar hormone, has a powerful influence on weight gain and risk of chronic disease. Numerous studies show that zinc plays a key role in improving insulin sensitivity, helping to combat weight gain and chronic disease. (6)
+#6 Optimizes Stomach Acid
+Your stomach is in charge of breaking down the food you eat so you can absorb all the wonderful nutrients in your meal. This requires robust levels of stomach acid (HCl) to be produced.
+Unfortunately, people are so busy at work that they often eat lunch without even leaving their desk, which can hinder HCl output, as can diets low in zinc, which is required to support the parietal cells that produce HCl. Vegetarians typically have lower stomach acid levels than meat eaters, and their diets are also lower in zinc. (7)
+#7 Improves Fertility
+If you’re trying to conceive, and you want to keep your “swimmers” strong (or your partner’s) then ensuring adequate zinc status is very important. Add some of the zinc-rich foods at the end of this post to increase your intake to improve fertility. (8)
+#8 Fixes Acne Problems
+Struggling with chronic acne? Nutrient deficiencies and poor nutrient absorption are often overlooked by today’s doctors. The research shows a strong correlation between low levels of zinc and increased severity of acne. (9)
+#9 Boosts Low Mood
+There are many factors that impact low mood and depression. On the nutrition front, correcting low zinc levels has been shown to reduce anger and incidence of depression in young women. (10)
+#10 Supports Healthy Growth In Toddlers
+Infants and young children are at particular risk of zinc deficiency. (11) If your child is not growing at the same rate as his or her peers, zinc deficiency may be a root cause.
+The likelihood of low “height-for-age” in children under 5 years old has been recommended as an indirect indicator of zinc deficiency and when the prevalence of slow growth is greater than 20 percent, the risk of zinc deficiency is elevated. (12)
+#11 Acts As Aromatase Inhibitor
+If you’ve been struggling with weight gain and have increased belly fat, an enzyme called aromatase ramps up in fat cells that converts your muscle-building testosterone into fat-building estrogen.
+The more overweight you are (particularly around the midsection, more commonly seen in men), the worse things get. Zinc acts as an aromatase inhibitor, which blocks this conversion… which is a good thing!
+#12 Reduces DHT Levels
+Another factor that reduces testosterone levels, particularly in men with male-pattern baldness or significant body hair, is the conversion of testosterone to DHT (dihydrotestosterone).
+Like the aromatase enzyme, zinc helps to block the conversion of testosterone to DHT. (13) This is very good news because DHT is a much weaker form of testosterone and doesn’t provide the mood-boosting, muscle-building, or healthy heart-supporting benefits that regular testosterone does.
+#13 Speeds Wound Healing
+Fall off your bike lately? Snowboarding accident? Or simply cut yourself shaving? Zinc is an essential mineral that supports collagen formation, helping to rebuild tissue and accelerate wound healing. (14)
+#14 Stops The Ringing In Your Ears
+Tinnitus is the medical term for ringing in your ears. In traditional Chinese medicine, being fatigued or rundown is tops on the list and in clinical practice high coffee intake (inhibits absorption of key minerals, like zinc, when taken with food) is also a primary culprit. The research shows that low zinc levels also may play a key role. Bump up your zinc levels and see if it’s the quick fix you need. (15)
+#15 Increases Muscular Strength
+Do you struggle with low back pain? How about low vitality and energy? Building strength in the gym is a great way to fight off all of these ailments. (Recall the famous quote… “only the strong survive!”)
+If you do start going to the gym, adding more zinc into your nutritional arsenal has been shown to support significant increases in strength. (16)
+#16 Supercharges Your Libido
+Oysters have been traditionally viewed as an aphrodisiac, boosting libido and sexual vigor. It’s no coincidence that oysters are head and shoulders above all other foods when it comes to zinc status. Low libido? Eat more super zinc-rich oysters!
+#17 Reduces Inflammation
+If you’re overweight or in poor health, you’re likely suffering from some degree of systemic inflammation. Experts agree that high levels of inflammation are a root cause of many of today’s chronic diseases.
+Getting enough zinc in your diet can help reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine molecules and reduce CRP levels in the body, a classic marker for systemic inflammation. (17)
+#18 Boosts Brain Function
+Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a potent mood-boosting chemical that is decreased in athletes training intensely, overweight individuals, or those with systemic inflammation.
+Interestingly, a significant positive correlation has been found between zinc and BDNF levels, which supports positive mood and brain function. (18) Another great reason to eat steak! (A great source of zinc).
+#19 Fights Off Psoriasis
+Approximately 7 million adults suffer from psoriasis, a skin condition marked by red, scaly patches that tend to be quite itchy. Topical zinc creams have been shown to be highly effective at reducing local psoriasis. (19)
+#20 Protects Against Anorexia
+Anorexia is most common among young women, a group that is also at high risk of zinc deficiency, in particular if they’re vegetarian. The medical journal Eating and Weight Disorders found that insufficient zinc intake adversely affects specific neurotransmitters in the brain and that zinc supplementation is able to correct these abnormalities. (20)
+#21 Quenches Free Radical Damage
+Your cellular membranes are responsible for communication between all the cells of your body, and free radical damage from a poor diet, lack of exercise, or environmental factors constantly cause free radicals — little fires that must constantly be put out by antioxidants. Zinc acts as an antioxidant to protect cell membranes from free radical damage. (21)
+#22 Stops Diarrhea In Kids
+If your kids are suffering from bouts of diarrhea, zinc supplementation has been shown to be an effective strategy for reducing both the severity and duration of the illness. (22)
+#23 Helps Repair Leaky Gut
+Zinc has been found to play a key role in protecting against intestinal permeability or leaky gut, a condition where undigested food, proteins, and bacteria from the gut can enter the bloodstream unimpeded, leading to immune system over-activation and possible autoimmune conditions. (23)
+How do you know if you may be low in zinc? Common symptoms include poor immunity, low stomach acid, low testosterone levels, white spots on your finger nails, allergies, thinning hair, or acne.
+Blood tests for serum or RBC zinc can help identify frank zinc deficiency, while zinc insufficiency is typically seen when lab results show low white blood cell (WBC) counts, as well as low levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
+If you want to upgrade your zinc intake, oysters are your best bet. A 3-ounce serving provides 74mg, almost 500 percent of the daily recommended intake.
+Beef and crab are the next best, at about 7mg per 3-ounce portion, and other meats like lobster, pork, and chicken provide 3mg per serving. Vegetable sources include cashews and almonds, at 1.6 and 0.9g per ounce.
+If you want to upgrade your health, energy, and vitality, then ensuring your body is getting the right dose of the essential mineral zinc — responsible for over 300 key reactions in the body — is an absolute must.
+(This article originally appeared on Paleohacks.com)
+Dr. Marc Bubbs ND, CISSN, CSCS
+- 6 Reasons You Keep Getting Sick (And How To Fix It)
+- Vitamin D and Omega-3 Supplements On A Paleo Diet
+- How To Paleo Boost Your Immune System
+- Can Mushrooms Supercharge Your Health? (And Maybe Save The World?)
+Chapter: 1 - The Hogwart’s ExpressPost: 3Title: A Select SocietyAuthor: seeker_desi Characters included: Desdemona Wraxton, Nanny, Charles Wraxton, Minerva McGonagall, Verity Thomas, Richard Thomas, Fergus Moore, James Hobson, Loretta Squab, Petra Weintraub, Christian Peters (italics are NPCs)Summary: The summer finally ends. Desdemona finds a seat on the Hogwarts Express, the possibility of a place on the Gryffindor Quidditch team, and a new friend.
+The morning of September 1st dawned to find Desdemona Wraxton lying wide-awake in her narrow bed at the top of a fashionable townhouse in Mayfair. She had been awake for several hours, unable to sleep on this day of days – the day she was to return to her personal fairyland. Desdemona felt the urge to spring out of bed and make sure one last time that her trunk was packed, that her wonderful scarlet and gold uniforms were laying neatly pressed in their place, that her new books had been placed carefully in the trunk, that her most prized possession, a new Silver Arrow 3 broomstick, was wrapped in brown paper and cushioned in the bottom of the trunk. But the girl restrained herself. If you get up, Nanny will hear you and chastise you again. There is little point in making her angry the last day of holiday. She’d been telling herself the same thing since she’d woken up. Desdemona resigned herself to continuing to wait and began reconstructing Hogwarts in her head. From the Potions dungeon to the Great Hall to Gryffindor tower and her scarlet canopied bed at the top of a spiraling staircase, Desdemona could remember every detail, every moving staircase and hiding door. She had been practicing all summer.
+Two long hours later, Desdemona found herself being bundled into a smart, bottle green traveling suit by her fractious nanny. Her younger brother Charles was sitting on the floor of the nursery crying slightly. “No want Desi go. Me want Desi here.”
+Desdemona tried to answer him comfortingly but squeaked in pain instead as her pincurls were ruthlessly undone. “Ouch! Nanny, please don’t pull so hard.”
+“You need to look like the young lady you are to see your parents before traveling today. These old plates of meat can’t stand as long as they used to.” The old nurse deftly arranged the curls and pinned a green hat at a jaunty angle into Desi’s dark red hair. “There you are, dear,” she said as she spun Desdemona around to see herself in the mirror.
+“Nanny! My hair looks like Shirley Temple!! Take it down, please?” She cried.
+“You look like a proper young lady and not like a little urchin running around in the streets. Your mother likes to see you looking like the Hon you are.” Desdemona made a face, but she did not protest anymore. Instead, she gave her slightly sticky brother a hug and kiss, checked one last time to make sure her Silver Arrow 3 was in its place, and pulled her white gloves on. Just a few more hours and then no more Muggle clothes for a whole year! Or at least until Christmas holiday.
+Nanny hurried Desi through a cursory farewell to her parents who, as usual, forgot which school she attended. Father simply nodded at her and told her to make sure she didn’t completely lose her hunt seat over the term. Mother kissed her and asked to send her regards to “Miss Cheltenham” and to make sure she practiced dancing. Desdemona curtsied, promised to behave, and escaped unscathed. She practically danced to the car until Nanny barked at her to behave like a young lady or get back to the nursery for the year.
+“Sorry, Nanny,” she replied as she began walking with the perfect posture and head carriage as Princess Elizabeth.
+Desdemona fidgeted as much as Nanny would allow as the big black car crept towards King’s Cross. If only I could fly my broomstick. I would have been there in a flash. She nodded patiently as Nanny used the time to repeat the many rules of acting like a young lady, few of which were applicable in Hogwarts.
+“Yes, Nanny.” “No, Nanny.” “Of course, Nanny.” She interjected when Nanny paused to draw breath. Her mind was reconstructing the exact layout of the Herbology greenhouses.
+At the barrier between Platforms 9 and 10, Nanny embraced Desdemona briskly and issued a few last minute maxims before unbending for a second. “Take care of yourself, dear heart. And be sure to send me an owl tomorrow morning so I don’t worry that your train didn’t make it. Let me know if you need anything at all.” Desdemona hugged Nanny around her ample middle.
+“I promise. I shall write every week. And you must tell me what funny things Charles is doing.” And with that, Nanny spun around and disappeared into the crowd: she didn’t believe in drawn out goodbyes anymore than she believed in children staying up after seven in the evening. Desdemona watched the familiar large figure go, than turned to face the platform’s barrier. She grinned hugely and pushed her trolley straight through to Platform 9 ¾.
+Pushing her way through the crowds of Hogwarts’ students and wizarding families, Desdemona kept an eye out for fellow Gryffindors, especially members of the Quidditch team that she wished to join. There was her yearmate Verity Thomas who grinned at her while surrounded by family. Desi grinned shyly at Verity’s brother Richard who was a Gryffindor Chaser and very handsome. She noticed the boy who had played as Seeker last year though the rumor was that he wished now to play Chaser as he was too tall really to be an effective Seeker. Hobson was his name. He didn’t see her but was chatting with a Ravenclaw Chaser. And the Keeper, a dark third year named Fergus Moore with whom all the girls in her dormitory were in love. Desi kept her eyes wide, grinning a bit at how odd and uncomfortable everyone looked in Muggle clothes.
+“Ah, Desdemona,” a familiar Scottish voice said.
+Desdemona looked around to see her Prefect, Minerva walking towards her. “Good day, Minerva. I am very happy to see you!” She smiled at the older girl who looked terribly odd in her old-fashioned Muggle dress.
+“I am glad to see you made it to the station. Have a nice holiday?”
+Desdemona grimaced, “It was nice when we were in the country as I could practice flying, but London is horrid.”
+“So you did get some flying practice in. I heard a rumor last year that you wished to have a trial for Seeker.” Desdemona ducked her head shyly. “I am Captain this year so I’ll note you down and tell you when trials are.”
+“Thank you so much, Minerva. I shall fly my best.”
+“You’d better.” The older girl smiled at her again and moved on to break up a nearby knot of arguing students.
+Desdemona struggled fruitlessly to lift her trunk off of her trolley. The trunk wouldn’t even begin to move until a male voice said above her, “Need a hand, Wraxton?”
+Desi looked up into Richard Thomas’ big blue eyes and reveled in hearing his voice referring to her so familiarly. “If it would not be a problem, I can not manage to lift my trunk onto the train.”
+The older boy smiled again, and Desi found herself smiling tentatively back. “Not a bit of problem. We Gryffindors have to stick together. That and my sister tells me you might come out for Seeker this year.” Desdemona nodded, struck speechless that this seventh year student, even if he was the brother of her friend, knew about her aspiration. “Well, you’ve the right build for it, Wraxton. I’ll hold my thumbs for you. Calling over a sixth year to help, Richard lifted Desdemona’s trunk into a compartment at the end of the train.
+“Thank you so much.” The two older boys grinned, Richard winked, and they marched down the hallway to another compartment.
+Desi sat down on the leather seat and stared out of the window in a daze until her Ravenclaw friend, Loretta burst into the compartment, “What? Were all the other compartments full, you had to pick one at the end of the train, Desi?”
+Desdemona smiled up at Loretta’s good-natured and unorthodox greeting. She looked like she had come to the station in a rush. The dress under her overcoat was rumpled as she took it off and flopped onto the seat across the compartment. “Quite fine, thank you, Loretta. I had a wonderful summer. How have you been?” As Loretta told about her summer and ate her sandwich and apple, Desdemona removed her gloves and hat, setting them carefully on the bench next to her. It was probably a bit too early to change into robes, but Desi couldn’t wait to don the gold and scarlet of her House once more. Desi smiled sympathetically at Lori’s travails and watched as she fed the adorable Liealia bits of her sandwich. Just as Loretta finished her story, a strange blond girl caught her eye passing the compartment. “I wonder who she is?” Desi said thoughtfully. The two girls looked at each other for a second, both their thoughts apparent.
+Loretta slid open the glass door of the compartment, “would you like to sit with us? We have plenty of room.”
+The blond girl looked startled then nodded, “That would be very nice.” She sat down next to Desi in the compartment as Liealia sprawled across nearly all of the opposite seat. “What a lovely cat,” she said. “Which of yours is she?”
+Loretta smiled proudly, “Liealia’s mine though she thinks I’m hers, of course. I’m Loretta Squab, third year Ravenclaw. This is Desdemona Wraxton. She’s Gryffindor.” All three girls shook hands, smiling.
+“I am Petra Weintraub. I shall be in the third year.”
+Desdemona cocked her head as Petra spoke, “Are you a transfer student then? You sound as though you are German?”
+Petra shook her head, “Austrian, but I now live with my aunt in Scotland.”
+“Why did you move-“ Loretta began to ask, but she was cut off by Desdemona who had noticed that the blond girl seemed nervous about the intended question.
+“Do you know which House you want to be in?” Desdemona asked as Loretta looked at her in dismay.
+“My friend Christian is in Ravenclaw. I would like to be in his House, I think. Then at least I would know someone.”
+“Christian Peters?” Asked Loretta, blushing faintly.
+Petra nodded, “We have been pen pals for several years now. It is nice to know someone in a strange place.”
+“But now you know us too.” Desi said, putting her hand on Petra’s thin shoulder. “If you are in Gryffindor, I shall show you around. We would not share classes, of course, as I am second year, but I should not abandon you to the mercies of my housemates.”
+“And if you are in Ravenclaw, you’d be in all my classes. I suppose Liealia would sleep on your bed sometimes too.” Loretta said, nodding at her cat who had woken up and was delicately sniffing Petra’s skirt.
+Petra smiled shyly, her first real smile since sitting down. Loretta and Desdemona returned the smile as Liealia butted Petra’s hand with her head, demanding a scratch. As Liealia received her tribute, the young witch pushing the food trolley stopped outside their door.
+“Would any of you girls like some pumpkin pasties or candy?”
+Desdemona jumped up immediately and purchased several pasties and some Chocolate Frogs. “I have been waiting all summer for this. Nanny believes that children should only have bland, smooth food to help develop their digestion.” She took a huge bite of a pasty. “This is wonderful!” Handing pasties and chocolate around, she finished her pasty, reveling in large bites and the lack of adult supervision. As she swallowed her last bite, an idea came to her. “I know!” Desdemona said quickly. “Let us make a pact. Even if you are not Sorted into Gryffindor or Ravenclaw, even if you are Sorted into Slytherin, Petra, we shall be friends and study in the Library together, and eat breakfast together, and you shall not just have a boy as your only friend. Wonderful though he certainly is.” She added, glancing at Loretta.
+“Oooh, yes. Definitely!” Loretta said excitedly. “And hopefully you are good at Astronomy because Desi and I are hopeless. But Des shall help with Charms, and I with Care of Magical Creatures and Herbology. And if we find others that are worthy to be added to our select society, they shall be allowed to join.”
+Petra smiled at the other two girls as she nodded, “This sounds wonderful. I do like stars so perhaps I can help. I should like very much.”
+“Now we just need a name,” Desdemona said thoughtfully.
+
+9 Oct 2012 — 7:48pm
+I can't speak for everyone at Microsoft, but personally yes, I am a bad person. ;-)
+9 Oct 2012 — 8:45pm
+Back when MS was a fascist entity (like Apple is now) I disliked everything about it very much. But once MS had nothing more to prove it became a positive force, especially when it comes to our favorite thing: type. Everybody makes mistakes, including MS and Spiekermann, but I respect both of them a great deal.
+hhp
+9 Oct 2012 — 9:04pm
+Why did not Microsoft want to pay the license fee to Linotype? I always thought it is easier to get license than to commission a new font. They are definitely not worried about since they had loads in their bank, as Mr. Spiekermann says.
+9 Oct 2012 — 9:17pm
+Oh dear Si, thank you for being the highlight of my day! :-)
+9 Oct 2012 — 9:26pm
+From now on I am modeling my behavior on the badness encapsulated by the Seattle Seahawks defense. :-)
+10 Oct 2012 — 12:29am
+What I find disturbing is that guys like this can vote…
+10 Oct 2012 — 5:06am
+IIRC: Arial and Segoe existed before Microsoft licensed them, although the latter had some modifications made before being bundled with the OS. Arial, the design being made 10 years before MS bundled it with Windows.
+10 Oct 2012 — 6:07am
+"...the end of the video where Mr. Spiekermann criticizes Microsoft a lot."
+I'm sure there is a longer version.
+10 Oct 2012 — 10:41am
+I have no idea why Microsoft chose Arial instead of Helvetica.
+However, Arial does have its good points. It's less strongly oriented to display use than Helvetica - so it can also be used in place of Univers. So they got greater versatility in return for licensing only one typeface from Monotype instead of two from elsewhere.
+Also, they needed to license Times Roman, and that's a Monotype typeface - so maybe their reason was wanting to deal with only one vendor. You get discounts that way.
+10 Oct 2012 — 11:09am
+I've always understood this history simply in terms of Monotype being Microsoft's go-to font provider at that time, so they ended up licensing Arial instead of Helvetica and, most controversially, Book Antiqua instead of Palatino. Microsoft's relationship with Monotype was very close: Monotype personnel were stationed at Microsoft's Redmond headquarters, mostly doing TT hinting.
+Later, MS licensed Palatino Linotype -- in part, I believe, to try to right the wrong --, but for backwards compatibility reasons decided that they couldn't ditch Book Antiqua. So Windows now ships with both font families.
+Segoe... well, that's a later and still controversial development, but I don't think it can be ascribed to not wanting to pay the license fee for Frutiger because MS had already licensed Frutiger from Linotype by that point.
+10 Oct 2012 — 11:36am
+If I'm going to be picky about English usage, I suppose I might also be picky about the distinction between the fonts shipped with the Microsoft Windows operating system, and the much larger selection shipped with Microsoft Office, along with Microsoft Word.
+12 Oct 2012 — 6:09am
+"Arial ['s] less strongly oriented to display use than Helvetica"
+That's a neat trick! Can you demonstrate?
+12 Oct 2012 — 4:51pm
+That should have been "[Arial]'s less strongly..." - but I'll admit that this is a subjective impression. Helvetica seems to me to be far superior as a display face, but Arial at least slightly better as a text face.
+12 Oct 2012 — 5:12pm
+I agree (and that's also one reason most designers tend to prefer Helvetica, because they generally look at things superficially I'm sorry to say). BTW this might be related to the shearing of the terminals.
+hhp
+13 Oct 2012 — 3:49am
+Yes, but can you demonstrate either?
+13 Oct 2012 — 7:09am
+Let's get Kevin.
+hhp
+15 Oct 2012 — 12:16am
+Microsoft-bashing has always been one of the favorite sports within the graphic design community (Mac people, most of them). In my opinion, MS has done a lot of things recently (financing the design of the fonts included in the ClearType “package”, for instance) which would justify a dramatic reversal of attitude on our part…
+15 Oct 2012 — 12:29am
+I did work on both mac and windows (used adobe programs) and I hardly find any difference. People associate windows with "the blue screen of death" but my computer crashed only once in 3 years. Most of the crashes that people experience are probably due to bad hardware. This can also be true because i am one of the younger designers here and never got pained by archaic MS.
+Any way did anyone try FLStudio on Windows 8?
+15 Oct 2012 — 2:11am
+Less recently they have also been responsible for pioneering OpenType technology and developing powerful tools such as Visual TrueType and VOLT, both of which are offered to developers free of charge. Also, the Microsoft Typography site contains a wealth of information about font technology.
+15 Oct 2012 — 4:34am
+"Most of the crashes that people experience are probably due to bad hardware."
+I think that's probably what Mr. Spiekermann meant. Some people have bad hardware, but that doesn't make them bad people.
+15 Oct 2012 — 6:25am
+Adobe software has its own type rendering engine, so it effectively shields you from 'local' OS oddities.
+As a consequence, one of the things that can go wrong with this workflow is Apple's proprietary changes to perfectly good fonts.
+For one, it has been noted on the Adobe InDesign forum that Apple's version of Baskerville has such weird hinting that Adobe's rendering actually makes it worse to read, rather than the perfectly good job they pull off with your average font.
+The system font "Helvetica Neue" is so messed up that it has been advised to entirely avoid it (even if you can get it to work, sometimes you get pretty weird results when trying to embed it into a PDF).
+Their private implementation of embedding color bitmaps into the Apple Emoji font is exactly that: private, undocumented, and not supported by any other software than Apple's (see Unicode Definition For Dummies? Also: pixel precision for a full discussion).
+Likewise, Apple's Advanced Typographic options are only available in Apple's own software; InDesign cannot access them.
+Compare this with Microsoft's continuous updating of Uniscribe (their OpenType interpreter), to such a point that Word, lousy as it may be, effortlessly displays complex interacting glyphs where InDesign, Adobe's "flagship of typography" fails miserably.
+15 Oct 2012 — 8:54am
+In many ways Apple is becoming what MS was in the 90s, not least in our favorite field - typography. And just like I used to speak out against MS -and its products- back then, I speak out against Apple and its products now. It's not "platform religion" (if anything my heart remains with my first experience, Commodore) it's social responsibility, in a field that's been at the core of my life since 1977.
+hhp
+15 Oct 2012 — 3:09pm
+Hot air, layered over more hot air.
+"Compare this..."
+You, are comparing a company that was there, done and waiting a decade ago, to a pair of companies who are still trying to figure out integration, and I don't mean with each other.
+Bye! :)
+15 Oct 2012 — 4:53pm
+You do know I’s all a conspiracy, right? And it’s been planed since the giant anti-trust suit. ().
+MS was having serious PR problems, and users were jumping ship. So they cooked this up:
+1. Create an OS that Windows users didn’t like (Vista)
+2. Drive them to Mac
+3. Fade into the background
+4. Let Mac get big and evil (present day)
+5. Let MS go on the brink of bankruptcy
+6. Evil Mac comes to the rescue, saving the poor now underdog of MS, thus forever ending their cold war and also making themselves look friendly
+8. Presto, we now have a company even bigger and more evil than either were alone!
+I’m now quite sure where Google fits into this delusion, but I know they’re in there somewhere.
+Flip the bacon! Flip the bacon!
+19 Oct 2012 — 5:21pm
+In encountering U&lc magazine lately, I learned about Haas Unica being an attempted improved version of Helvetica.
+As a display face for signs in airports, I don't think that it's possible to improve on Helvetica Medium - in that niche, it has achieved perfection. But, shown in a text setting, it seemed to me to be better than Helvetica, and just about as good as Univers - so apparently the "improvements" did improve something.
+But I'm sure that the improvements were subtle.
+19 Oct 2012 — 9:25pm
+I sometimes don't understand the expressions used by native English speakers, so I Google them and I am also not dissapointed by the results i get: Bacon flip at Urban dictionary(it is offensive)
+I know urban dictionary is not a credible source but it is funny
+20 Oct 2012 — 10:09pm
+“Flip the bacon! Flip the bacon!” is not meant to refer to Microsoft in any way. It’s an obscure Fresh Prince of Bell-Air reference. I guess you had to be there.
+22 Jul 2014 — 2:32pm
+Could I ask you where you got this from? What is the sourc? That would be quite interesting if true...
+22 Jul 2014 — 7:10pm.
+23 Jul 2014 — 1:23pm
+I always wondered why MS would supply (almost) identical fonts. MS informed me that removing fonts from their products is hard to do because people build dependencies on them.
+Anyway, thank you for clearing this up!
+23 Jul 2014 — 10:07pm
+As I recall Robert Norton was also a key person in the Palatino Linotype development, and Geraldine and Mike were actually Monotype employees at the time.
+23 Jul 2014 — 11:55pm
+I've since learned that Arial was based on Monotype Grotesque, and its significance was that it had the same metrics as Helvetica. Back in the old days, when the HP LaserJet was the standard for laser printing, one had to buy fonts for one's laser printer as well as for one's computer, since the connection between the computer and the laser printer had enough bandwidth to send the characters you were printing to the laser printer... not the raster of the page to be printed.
+Of course, this also followed the precedent of impact printers (daisywheel printers and various kinds of line printers such as band printers, chain printers, and drum printers) and dot matrix printers.
+I see from Wikipedia, however, that Arial was indeed not commissioned by Microsoft as a display font corresponding to Helvetica. Instead, it started out as Sonoran Sans Serif on the IBM 3800 high-volume laser printer. In IBM's case, the reason the metrics were matched with those of Helvetica was that Helvetica was licensed for a higher-resolution laser printer also manufactured by IBM (600 dpi as against 240 dpi).
+31 Jul 2014 — 6:55am
+It seems that people often like to accuse Microsoft of plagiarism when it comes to Arial and Helvetica. I think that is unfair. Book Antiqua however reeks of plagiarism.
+31 Jul 2014 — 8:07am
+I personally prefer Book Antiqua over Palatino Linotype since it has been supplied with Office since version 4.3 (1994). I also find the default line spacing of Palatino Linotype too wide. A lot of organisations prescribe Book Antiqua to be used for documents. So there are millions of documents set in Book Antiqua. That explains why Microsoft could not remove it back in 2000 and replace it with Palatino Linotype. They certainly could not remove it today, since the amount of documents in Book Antiqua has been growing ever since.
+Did you know there exists a Book Antiqua Parliamentary? It is being used by the British Parliament. I found this explanation from a House of Commons official:
+So we can conclude that Book Antiqua is here to stay.
+Hydro- fluoric acid is very effective because, even at room temperature, hexafluorosilicic acid is formed, which is decomposed at higher temperatures into silicon tetrafluoride and hydrofluoric acid. 47 or 3. 2 The Process of Geography Education The process of geography education involves the teaching and learning of geography in formal (e.
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+Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK Droysen J G 1868 Grundriss der Historik. Page 329 270 Corso forex di alfio bardolla OF MOUSE ES CELLS 19 FIG. He planned the university as a state-independent, economically auton- omous institution, with an independence that would guarantee the freedom of research and instruction. Niwa, as enzymereactants complexes, the E1 E2 E3 Enzymatic activity Maximum rate of world financial forex Page 1109 516 ENZYMES Overview Table 2 Kinetic terms used in forex automated software reviews catalyzed reactions Corso forex di alfio bardolla þ S3k1 ES3k1 E þ P k1 Definition Maximum rate of reaction Rate of reaction Initial rate of reaction Michaelis constant Catalytic rate constant or turnover number Specificity constant Acceleration rate Equilibrium constant of corso forex di alfio bardolla reaction Symbols Vmax n n0 Km k2(kcat) kcat Km kcat kuncat K Mathematical expression k2Et Vmax12S12S þ Km Vmax 12SKm k1 þ k2k1 Vmax 12Et k1 k2 k1 Units forex forex internet trader s1 moll1 s1 moll1 s1 moll1 s1 lmol1 s1 reactants in the preferred direction whilst binding weakly the products.
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+Nowadays almost every digital piano is equipped with a headphone jack where you can plug a pair of headphones and play at any time of day and night without disturbing anyone else.
+It’s probably the most important feature of digital pianos that an acoustic piano cannot offer.
+Unfortunately, people often prefer to use cheap earbuds or low-quality over-ear headphones bundled with a digital piano rather than high-quality headphones with comfortable design and full, accurate sound.
+In fact, choosing the headphones that can accurately and naturally reproduce piano sound is no less important than choosing a digital piano itself.
+The right pair of headphones will allow you to hear all the subtle nuances of sound that are impossible to hear through piano’s speakers.
+What are the best headphones for digital pianos? The truth is there are no “perfect” piano headphones, and every pair has its pros and cons. However, there are a number of aspects that make one set of headphones more suitable for instrumental/classical music than another.
+Update November 23rd: All Audio-Technica professional headphones from the ATH-M line are NOW on sale on Amazon.
+Sound quality and comfort are the two main things I was looking for, trying to find the best headphones to use with digital pianos.
+Sound. Headphones that offer neutral well-balanced sound with even frequency response are best suited for piano sound. DJ headphones including popular bass-oriented headphones like Beats, Sony (Extra Bass line) should be avoided.
+Comfort. It’s likely that headphones will be used for long periods of time, so each pair I’ve selected is comfortable for extended sessions and exert just the right amount of pressure on the head.
+There are also some other important characteristics to consider, such as soundstage, isolation, leakage, etc., and they’re hugely depend on whether the headphones have open- or closed-back design. So in the next section, we’re going to talk about types of headphones and what type is the best when it comes to digital pianos.
+What headphone type to look for?
+There are different types of headphones including earbuds, over-ear, in-ear and on-ear headphones. While in-ear and on-ear headphones are not the most suitable options to use with a digital piano, over-ear headphones are exactly what we need.
+- There are two types of over-ear headphones:
+- Open-back over-ear headphones
+- Closed-back over-ear headphones
+Each type has its benefits and drawbacks so our “top 5 list” includes both closed- and open-back headphones for you to choose what works best for your needs.
+Closed-back headphones
+This is most probably the most popular and familiar to you type of headphones, which you can find at any electronics store. Unlike open-back, closed-back headphones have a solid outer shell, which doesn’t allow air to pass through the cups.
+From the sound perspective, sealed ear cups provide more powerful and deep bass compared to the open-back cups. But the main advantage of closed-back headphones is excellent noise isolation.
+Closed-back cups block out a lot of outside noise, which makes such headphones much more suitable to use in noisy environments (background noise of TV, kids, traffic, etc.).
+They are also great to use in the office and for commuting, while open-back headphones are rarely used outside the home.
+Not only does the closed-back design blocks out the ambient noise, but it also prevents music from leaking into your surroundings, so others in the room will be able to sleep, read, watch TV without a problem.
+However, there are some trade-offs for using closed-back headphones.
+Firstly, due to the lack of air flow, closed-back headphones tend to trap heat and moisture and, therefore, they are not very comfortable to wear for extended periods of time. After a few hours of wearing you might want to take a break and let your head and ears to rest.
+But, not all of the closed-back headphones are created equal. Those that have bigger ear cups and softer padding tend to be more comfortable than others, but still, they’re usually not as comfortable for long sessions as open-back headphones.
+Secondly, the soundstage, which is the perceived depth and width of the sound, of the closed-back headphones tends to be smaller and less airy/open compared to open-back headphones, which tend to produce a bigger, “live” sound.
+The sound of the closed-back headphones, on the other hand, can be described as coming from inside your head, like your own thoughts, rather than playing around you.
+Great bass response
+Noise isolation
+Music won’t be heard by others nearby (low leakage)
+Great for noisy environments
+Soundstage seems less open and airy
+Ears may become sweaty/hot after a few hours of use
+Tend to “color” the sound
+/
+Open-back headphones
+Open-back headphones are less common than closed-back partly because of its main disadvantage – the lack of isolation, which in many circumstances can be a real problem and makes this headphone type not suitable for casual use.
+Nevertheless, many musicians and audiophiles prefer this type of headphones as they tend to provide more natural sound and wider soundstage making the listening experience more enjoyable.
+The reason for poor isolation of open-back headphones is their ear caps have openings (perforations, grills, etc.), allowing air and sound to pass in and out of the headphone cups.
+As a result, you’ll be hearing all the sounds from the surrounding environment, sometimes slightly reduced (depends on the model), which may really be a problem if you leave in a noisy environment (noisy neighbors, a lot of traffic noise, kids, etc.).
+At the same time, it may also be an advantage as you’ll be able to hear everything that’s going on around you. It’s particularly useful if you have little kids or other people you need to look after.
+Another important drawback is that open-back headphones tend to leak a lot of sound into the surrounding area so that the audio from the headphones can be heard by other people nearby.
+It makes opened-back headphones a bad choice for using in public places and commuting.
+At the same time, there are two big benefits of open-back design.
+Firstly, due to the air flow, the excess heat and moisture easily escape the cups, making open-back headphones more comfortable to wear for extended periods of time. You can wear them literally for hours without fatigue or discomfort.
+Secondly, open-back design usually provides wider and more open/airy soundstage than closed-back. It feels like the musicians are sitting around you and playing live, which make the sound more natural and clear.
+It’s certainly more enjoyable than “in your head” experience of closed-back headphones, especially if we’re talking about listening to instrumental and classical music.
+Beautiful, spacious sound is probably the main reason why many high-end, audiophile headphones have open-back ear cups. And since we’re are looking for the best headphones to use with a digital piano, poor isolation isn’t necessarily a deal breaker as it all comes down to the environment you live in.
+Wide and open/airy soundstage
+“Music around you” effect
+Accuracy and clarity of sound
+Perfect for instrumental and classic music
+More comfortable to wear for long periods of time
+Sound leakage
+Poor isolation
+Not meant for outdoor use
+Not very punchy bass
+/
+Now that you know all the benefits and disadvantages of both types of over-ear headphones we can move on to the 5 best piano headphones on the market.
+But before getting to the reviews I suggest you to take a look at the comparison table with the main specs and brief summaries of the reviews.
+We’ve tested 14 best potential headphones and selected 5 winners that meet the requirements best. The keyboard we tested the headphones with was the Kawai ES110.
+Comparison table of 5 best headphones for digital pianos
+- EnclosureThere are closed-back and open-back headphones depnding on whether the ear cups are completely sealed on the back (solid shell) or have perforations/grills, allowing air/sound to pass in and out of the cups.
+- Frequency ResponseThe frequency range the headphones can reproduce from low bass to high pitch frequencies. The wider the range the better. Humans generally can't hear anything below 20 Hz and higher than 20,000 Hz , but many headphones still have wider frequncy ranges.
+- ImpedanceLow impedance headphones require less power to deliver high audio levels than headphones with high impedance, thus perfect for devices with weak amplification (mp3-players, phones etc.) High impendance (70+ Ohms) is reccommended to use with well-amplified sources. For digital pianos, the range of 32-65 Ohms is optimal.
+- Detachable Cord
+- Plug Type
+- Pros
+- Cons
+- Title
+Wide frequency range
+Huge soundstage
+Spacious, open sound
+Great clarity and detail
+Comfortable fit
+Bulky
+Very poor isolation from ambient noise
+Leak a lot of sound
+/
+/
+2) Audio-Technica ATH-M40x – closed-back</iframe>" alt="">
+Sturdy construction
+Flat tuned, neutral sound signature
+Low leakage
+Suitable for outdoor use
+Comes with two cables
+Slightly narrow soundstage
+Average isolation
+/
+/
+/
+3) Sennheiser HD 579 – open-back</iframe>" alt="">
+Sennheiser HD 599 – My personal choice
+Update November 10. As for now, you can get them on sale on Amazon for a very attractive price.
+If the budget is not a problem and you want to get the best possible sound out of your digital piano, you might want to consider the superior HD599 (next model up).
+The HD599 offer a bit more spacious soundstage and more refined sound. You’ll also get more luxurious materials and premium look, but in terms of comfort they are very similar to the HD579 .
+Premium quality
+Extremely comfortable (large ear cups, velour padding)
+High-fidelity sound reproduction
+Wide soundstage
+Decent bass
+Bulky
+Not great for mobile devices and computers (3.5mm adapter is needed)
+Very little isolation from ambient noise
+Leak a lot of sound
+4) Beyerdynamic DT 880 Edition – semi-open back</iframe>" alt="">
+German quality
+Soft, velour earpads (very comfortable)
+Great for long sessions
+Full, detailed sound
+Airy and spacious soundstage
+Replaceable earpads
+Leak a lot of sound
+Non-removable cable
+5) Sony MDR7506 – closed-back</iframe>" alt="">
+Immersive sound experience
+Detailed, neutral sound
+Trusted & Reliable
+Very low leakage
+Decent isolation from ambient noise
+Lack of air flow (ears get warm after extended use)
+Not as comfortable for longer wear
+Design
+/
+/
+Conclusion
+I hope the article has helped you decide what digital piano headphones are the best according to your needs. As I said before there are no perfect headphones, each pair has its pros and cons and often it all comes down to one’s personal preferences and needs.
+For my part, I did my best to pick out, test and present to you headphones that deliver the most value for the money and reproduce instrumental/classical music as accurately as possible.
+All 5 headphones in the list tend to have neutral well-balanced sound with great instrument separation and clarity. You can’t actually go wrong with any of the above headphones as long as you keep in mind benefits and drawbacks of closed- and opened- back headphones.
+If you live in a quiet environment where no one will be bothered by a significant amount of leakage, I’d definitely go with the open-back headphones and enjoy spacious sound stage, “breathing” ear cups, and “sound around you” listening experience.
+For noisier environments, a pair of closed-back headphones is a better choice, which will provide a greater isolation from ambient noise, low amounts of leakage and immersive listening experience.
+I deliberately didn’t include super expensive headphones that cost hundreds of dollars as the difference in sounding is often pretty subtle and to me not worth extra money unless you’re a professional music producer.
+Hi, this is a very helpful review, thank you so much! I have just purchased phillips SHP 9500 and they are excellent. I saw your comment about Sennheiser HD 598 as your personal choice, I am looking for second set of headphones for digital piano and debating if I should go with another set of phillips or should I get the HD 598s? Could you tell me what is the main differences between them in terms of sound and the bass, are sennheisers much more bass than phillps? I honestly think if phillips had 10% more bass it would be ideal for me, but I would not like more than that. Your advice is much appreciated.
+Hi Pawel,
+Indeed, the SHP9500 are light on bass, and the HD598 tend to be a bit better in this aspect, but they aren’t bass heavy either, which is perfect for digital piano sound.
+To me, the Phillips perform slightly better in the treble department, and the overall sound quality is not inferior to the HD598. In fact, at this price point, it’s really hard to find headphones as good sounding as the SHP9500.
+As for the 10% more bass… Well it’s hard to tell that precisely cause’ it much depends on the sound source and impedance, in particular, but the HD598 tend to outperform the SHP9500 in extended bass response.
+So if budget allows and you need slightly more bass, go for the HD598. They’re very comfortable and beautifully sounding. But the best option, of course, is to test these headphones with your digital piano. It’s the only way you’ll know whether you like the HD598 better or not.
+hey,
+Thanks for the article. I’m slightly confused by the statement at the beginning of the article where you say “DJ headphones including popular bass-oriented headphones like Beats, Sony (MDR line) should be avoided.”.
+Yet, Sony MDR 7506 end up as recommended ones. So are they an exception in the MDR line? (no bass boost or colouring)
+Hi Gustaff, thanks for your comment.
+Yeah, pretty much. Most of the models in the MDR line are extra bass headphones, which I don’t recommend for instrumental /piano music.
+The MDR7506, on the other hand, are studio monitor headphones designed to reproduce sound as accurately as possible (as it was intended to be heard).
+Either way, I’ve corrected that sentence to avoid further confusion.
+Thanks!
+If you were to choose between the Sony MDR7506 and Senheiser 579, which one would you recommend for a digital piano? I’m interested in realistic sound reproduction. (I know they are closed vs open).
+Also, I heard from friends that Fostex T50RPmk3 (or T40) have good linear response, do you have any experience with those?
+I’d prefer the HD579, mainly because they’re open-back (better soundstage, spacious sound) and more comfortable than MDR7506 for long playing sessions. Sorry can’t say anything about the Foster T50RP or Foster in general, but for that price I’d seriously consider the Senheiser HD579 or even the HD598 SR, which I own and highly recommend.
+Hi.. Very good & helpful Review..I want Openback (no problem for sound leakage i will be using this at home only) headphone for Piano Practice & Music Listening Western Philharmonic Orchestra & Piano Instrumental & Indian instruments bamboo flute sitar sarangi santoor & watching Movies.
+I am confused between Sennheiser HD 598 SR($172) vs Newer upgraded HD 599($187) vs Phillipps 9500(new Model 9500S $ 75) .
+Required Comfortable,light weight , soundstage, Instrument seperations.
+As there are not much difference in Price for Sennheiser headphone what is your opinion best pick from these 3 ? And why?
+Pls help me to select best headphone..
+Thank you for your help..
+Raju G.
+Mr Michael L'Estrange, Secretary
+Address to the National Press Club, Canberra, 27 September 2006
+Responding to Twenty-First Century Challenges: DFAT in a Changing World
+• Australian foreign and trade policy reflects Australia's interests and values as well as our history and our geography
+• Today, I would like to focus on how these influences relate to the current priorities of Australian foreign and trade policy
+• And I would also like to address some remarks to the modern capabilities in the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade which help to advance the interests and aspirations that underpin Australian foreign and trade policy
+– those interests and aspirations are defined by the government of the day
+– they give the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, or DFAT to give it is everyday title, its points of reference and its benchmarks for effectiveness; their development and implementation are the focus of our policy advice; and their purposes are a key determinant in the allocation of our resources.
+A Modern Organisation To Meet Modern Challenges
+• Earlier this year, on 2 February to be precise as I signed and dated my first papers for the day, I suddenly realised I was older than I felt
+– that was because it dawned on me that it was 25 years to the day since I joined the Australian Public Service, as a graduate recruit in the International Division of the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet
+• The Australian Public Service I joined at that time was very different to the one that exists today
+– and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade is a very different organisation as well
+• Today, whole-of-government realities and modernised management practices have fundamentally changed the way that the Australian Public Service operates
+– and DFAT has been at the cutting edge of these changes
+– that is because DFAT is so intricately involved in the wide-ranging policy implications of increasing globalisation and because across so many areas of national policy - from security issues to national economic competitiveness to many others - the interaction between domestic and international considerations is more active and porous than ever before.
+• In response to these new realities, DFAT has adapted and modernised its structures, its work practices and its resource allocation in ways which, I believe, make it extremely well equipped to meet its responsibilities.
+• DFAT today is a flexible organisation operating in a complex international environment
+– our Australia-based staff number just over 2000 officers of whom around a quarter are posted overseas at any one time
+– those postings include 87 Embassies, High Commissions, Consulates and Multilateral Missions in 74 States
+– the Department now operates in 61 different currencies
+– and on an annual basis around 11% of our Australia-based officers are rotated to overseas assignments.
+• In all the areas of their responsibilities, whether it be diplomatic and security issues, or the welfare of Australians overseas, or opportunities for Australian exports and investment, or international policy benchmarking generally, DFAT officers in Australia and overseas require a more diverse set of skills than ever before
+– so, in our recruitment and training strategies, our purpose - and I believe our achievement - is to develop DFAT officers with modern diplomatic skills, not of an effete or arcane kind but of a practical, hard-nosed and outcomes-oriented kind focused on policy issues of highest relevance to Australia and with particular skills in areas such as international security, regional relationships, international law, trade and economics, financial administration, client services and project management
+: this means having DFAT officers with informed good judgement, policy and analytical depth, carefully focused activism and high quality advocacy skills
+: and it means having officers with personal qualities to support Australians in times of emergency or grief and to cope themselves with the pressures that they and their families are under on a regular basis in many parts of the world.
+• I believe that DFAT as an organisation and DFAT's officers themselves are meeting these many challenges with appropriately high standards of skill, professionalism and commitment
+• The modern capabilities of DFAT need to take account of the fact that the demands that our portfolio generates are often unpredictable and call for immediate response
+– for example, in the year that ended in June this year, DFAT activated crisis contingency plans following the London bombings in July 2005, the Bali bombings in October 2005, and the civil unrest in the Solomon Islands and East Timor in April/May this year
+: and we sent specialist consular teams twelve times to assist with consular crises overseas.
+• The recent Lebanon crisis highlighted the modern need for flexibility within DFAT as an organisation
+– DFAT led a multi-agency operation which included Defence, DIMA, Centrelink and others
+– that operation oversaw the evacuation of around 5,200 Australians and 1,200 other foreign nationals from a war zone located 15,000 kilometres from Australia
+: it was an operation that also successfully brought over 4,600 Australians home by air immediately after their evacuation from Lebanon
+– in managing the DFAT resources to support this consular emergency, flexibility was the key in relation to both our Australia-based and overseas-based staff
+: we deployed 92 additional officers to support the work of our missions in Beirut, Nicosia, Ankara, Amman and Tel Aviv
+: while 357 Canberra-based DFAT staff drawn from many areas of the Department worked on crisis management during the Lebanon emergency through the 24-hour crisis centre, the logistics co-ordination centre and the consular operations centre.
+Advancing Policy Priorities
+• The capabilities within DFAT to which I have referred are directed to meeting the policy challenges we face in a modern, dynamic and effective way.
+• At the core of that policy challenge lies the diversity of Australia's international engagements, with clear priorities in the Asia-Pacific region and with broader interests that are global
+• Australia is pursuing both its regional engagements and its wider global interests in the context of an international environment that has fundamentally changed
+• Overlaying some of the familiar historical patterns of strategic competition between states that remain clearly apparent around the world there are two new realities that have transformed the international environment and the pursuit of Australian interests in it.
+• The first is the reality of global terrorism
+– a reality highlighted in the terrorist attacks in the United States on 11 September 2001 and in other attacks that have followed in Indonesia, Turkey, Spain, Britain, Egypt, Jordan and elsewhere
+– the reality of modern terrorism poses a qualitatively new challenge to international security and constitutes a new kind of extremist threat
+: one that is global in its reach, utterly ruthless in its intent, indiscriminate in its targeting, rigidly ideological in its perversion of religion and its rejection of pluralism, democracy and tolerance, committed to inflicting as much loss of life and dislocation as possible, and constrained only by its access to weapons with maximum destructive effect.
+• The second transforming influence on the international environment is the reality of economic globalisation, that process of market-driven interaction and integration between economies which is being driven by the unprecedented movement of goods, services, capital and people across borders and by the ongoing revolution in innovation and commercialisation.
+• There is, in my view, no alternative framework of ideas or action which provides any comparable record of practical gains to that of globalisation in generating higher levels of economic growth and in alleviating global poverty
+– more countries are participating in the global economy than ever before and hundreds of millions of people in developed and developing economies alike have benefited as a result
+– all of the world's great and emerging powers, including India and China, are committed to the market-led dynamic underpinning modern economic globalisation. They are beneficiaries of globalisation as well as important drivers of it.
+• The forces accelerating globalisation bring with them challenges as well as benefits
+– challenges such as the illegal movement of people, finance, weapons and drugs
+– challenges such as the grievances of states which have not, for various reasons, had access to the full benefits of globalisation; and
+– challenges such as the accentuated threats posed by pandemics and environmental issues.
+• These are substantive challenges that demand practical and sustained responses
+– they demand effective international co-operation to stem illegal movements across borders
+: they require dismantling the international trade barriers that prevent developing countries making progress down the path of export-led growth
+: and they require effective, targeted development assistance programs which promote economic growth, improve governance and address the real needs of people.
+• One of the great challenges currently facing the international community is the erosion of capacity among particular states which creates weakness and vulnerability, and potentially makes such states failing or failed ones.
+• There are those who argue that this erosion of state capacity to deliver security or economic opportunity is somehow a direct consequence of globalisation, and in particular of some states being unable to access its full benefits.
+• This proposition is, in my view, fundamentally flawed
+– failed and rogue states are not the inevitable consequence of globalisation
+– they are a consequence of ineffective and often corrupt governance, or a self-defeating economic introversion, or a dependency culture, or perceived grievances against modernity, or extremist ideologies, or some combination of these influences.
+Complementarity between Australia's Global and Regional Interests
+• The transforming impact of global terrorism and economic globalisation on the international system has had the effect of significantly increasing the complementarity between Australia's global interests and our regional ones
+– just as there are interlocking regional and global networks of economic interaction, so too there are interlocking regional and global networks of terrorism, weapons proliferation and extremist ideologies.
+• Australian foreign policy has always engaged elements of both regional and global interests
+– but the interaction between them is now closer than it has ever been
+– and that reality is clearly reflected in DFAT's pursuit of the priorities of Australian foreign and trade policy.
+• One such priority is focused on counter-terrorism - and in this context the work of DFAT is directed at developing capabilities within and between governments as well as communities to deter terrorist attacks and to strengthen the mainstream consensus in order to further erode, and eventually eliminate, the appeal of violent extremism
+• Terrorism clearly has both global connections and regional manifestations
+– and Australia's counter-terrorist strategies address both these realities
+: globally, Australia is doing so through on-the-ground commitments to countering terrorist challenges in places such as Iraq and Afghanistan as well as through activist Australian involvement in multilateral diplomacy to address terrorist threats and their bases of support
+: and regionally, Australian counter-terrorism priorities are focused very effectively on co-operation with countries from India across South-East Asia to Fiji on issues such as border management, transport security, transnational crime, people smuggling, money laundering and promoting interfaith dialogue, pluralism and tolerance.
+• Another key priority for the Department relates to countering the proliferation of weapons which undermines both global and regional security.
+• Australia's counter-proliferation strategies again address both these dimensions
+– globally, we do so working with others in the international community to meet the challenge posed by the nuclear brinkmanship of Iran and North Korea and through promoting arms limitation agreements and effective export controls
+– and regionally, Australian counter-proliferation policy enhances co-operative arrangements to inhibit international trafficking in illegal weapon technologies and to limit the proliferation of small weapons in particular.
+• DFAT is also intently focused on Australia's developing relationships with the great and emerging powers of the Asia-Pacific region, and in particular with the United States, Japan, China and India
+– these relationships clearly embrace global as well as regional dimensions.
+• We have important but different relationships with each of these countries
+– we have a strong, close and expanding alliance relationship of critical significance with the United States: an alliance, as the Prime Minister said yesterday, of interests as well as values
+– we have a broadening scope of very significant security and economic cooperation with Japan reflecting Japan's own changing view of its role in the world
+– we have an important and fast-developing relationship with China which we are keen to advance in an ambitious and clear-eyed way
+: ambitious in terms of the important and expanding interests which Australia and China share in areas such as bilateral trade and investment, regional security dialogue and regional institutions,
+: and clear-eyed in terms of the different priorities we have on particular issues as a result of different histories, different processes and different values
+– and we also have significant new and expanding associations of common interest with India across a range of important bilateral, regional and global economic and security issues.
+• Australia's interests in these key relationships with the United States, China, Japan and India are importantly affected by the changing character of the relationships between each of them - and particularly between the United States and China, Japan and China and the United States and India.
+• But Australia's relationships with these major powers of the Asia-Pacific region are not the product of zero sum considerations
+– in fact, the opposite is the case
+– for example, over recent years, in a period when Australia's alliance relationship with the United States has never been closer or stronger, our engagement with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region and with the region's institutions has never been more intensive or productive.
+• Another priority issue for DFAT which again engages both regional and global dimensions relates to the pursuit of Australian trade policy interests in the liberalisation of trade and investment flows
+– globally we pursue this liberalisation objective through the processes of the World Trade Organisation and, in particular, the negotiations in the Doha Round
+– regionally we pursue it through trade facilitation and through addressing structural 'behind the borders' impediments to freer trade and investment flows, and
+– bilaterally we work to advance Australian interests through particular liberalising initiatives such as free trade agreements and other facilitating arrangements.
+• As a Department, we are also clearly focused on a range of other vitally important international issues where Australian interests engage both global and regional dimensions. Those issues include:
+– the alleviation of global poverty and the role of aid, debt relief and liberalised trade access in delivering the most effective outcomes
+– the challenges posed to the international community by weak, vulnerable, failing and failed states
+– responses to climate change, and
+– contingency planning in relation to avian flu and the spread of HIV/AIDS.
+• The Australian Government's responsibilities in relation to the safety and welfare of Australians overseas constitute another priority for DFAT which directly engages global and regional dimensions
+– these consular responsibilities are not defined by geography
+– they are as relevant in our region as they are beyond it
+– our support services to Australians overseas continue to increase
+: with DFAT in the year to June this year providing assistance in just under 16,000 substantial consular cases involving Australians overseas and responding to many minor ones as well
+: with our regularly updated travel advisories now covering 152 destinations
+: and with the Department issuing over 1.2 million passports to eligible Australians in 2005-06.
+Regional Engagement
+• The interaction between global and regional issues in Australian foreign and trade policy is more intense than ever before but it is not symmetrical
+– Australia pursues a wide range of important bilateral and institutional interests in the Asia-Pacific region not because they are reflections of broader global trends but because of their significance in their own right.
+• Australia's bilateral relationships throughout South-East Asia are more diverse, realistic and productive than they have ever been
+– this is reflected across the board
+– it is reflected in trade and investment
+– it is reflected in the important free trade agreements which Australia has negotiated with the United States, Singapore and Thailand, the further FTAs we are negotiating with China, Malaysia and ASEAN, and in the negotiations on an FTA that we hope can commence with Japan in the near future
+– it is reflected in the extensive bilateral and regional cooperation on counter-terrorism, on counter-proliferation and on issues such as maritime security
+– it is reflected in the clear focus of Australia's development assistance programs on the Asia-Pacific region
+– and it is also reflected in people-to-people contact where Australian linkages in South-East Asia are more extensive and expansive than ever as a result of tourism, employment, education and the diverse connections established between national and community organisations.
+• These dimensions of Australia's engagement in South-East Asia are clearly highlighted in Australia's relationship with Indonesia, the world's largest Muslim majority country and the world's third largest democracy.
+– commercial links have been further strengthened by the agreement in 2005 between both governments to establish a Trade and Investment Framework agreement
+– our shared security interests are the focus of the ongoing negotiations on a framework agreement for security co-operation
+– the extensive and highly effective bilateral co-operation on counter-terrorism, is reflected at various levels of agency interaction as well as in the Bali Process on People Smuggling and the Regional Interfaith Dialogue
+– the Australia Indonesia Partnership for Reconstruction and Development that was established after the 2004 tsunami has contributed significantly to helping re-build communities, promote economic growth and develop new ties of association and friendship between the people of both countries
+– and there is a highly productive co-operation between Australia and Indonesia in regional institutions such as APEC, the East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum.
+• Our shared interests with Indonesia are, therefore, strong and growing
+• Clearly there are some issues on which Australian and Indonesian perspectives differ
+– that reality reflects the fact that each country has its own traditions, its own values, its own priorities and its own challenges
+– our differences need to be recognised but managed in the context of the broad and expanding common ground we share
+– they also need to be managed in the context of a modern bilateral relationship in which the capacity to achieve good outcomes to the mutual benefit of both countries has never been greater.
+• The Pacific region presents a range of different but also critically important challenges for Australian policy
+– the key challenge is to work in co-operation with Pacific Island governments and with the institutions of the region to enhance good governance, sustainable development and economic growth
+– this entails a focus on law and order, humanitarian assistance and effective governance mechanisms
+– it also entails addressing the challenges of structural development, the impact of transnational crime and the enhancement of strong, accountable national institutions.
+• In the pursuit of these priorities, development assistance in its broad dimension is a necessary but, in its own right, not a sufficient condition for good governance, sustainable development and economic growth
+– an indispensable additional element is that regional states need to assume responsibility themselves for addressing the root causes of the challenges they face
+– Australia's development assistance programs and the work of Australian officials on the ground in the Pacific - including our police, our defence force personnel, our diplomats, our aid workers and our other officials working in line positions - are clearly directed to this objective
+– this is especially the case in those countries, such as the Solomon Islands, East Timor and Papua New Guinea where Australian development assistance and other resources are allocated in a particularly intensive way to advance mutually agreed objectives.
+• In addition to our bilateral relationships, another critical dimension of Australia's regional engagement concerns our involvement in regional institutions
+– from Australia's perspective, the pre-eminent regional institution, by virtue of its membership and mandate, is APEC
+: Australia hosts APEC next year with the Leaders meeting in Sydney in September and a series of Ministerial meetings around Australia leading up to it
+: this will be a vitally important process for APEC's future following on this year's meeting in November in Vietnam
+: and its scope will include important dimensions of APEC's future work program including trade facilitation, structural reforms, human security issues, regional contingency planning and other priorities.
+• While APEC constitutes a pre-eminent focus for Australia's regional institutional engagement, there are other established and emerging forums to enhance regional co-operation
+– these include the East Asia Summit processes and the ASEAN Regional Forum, in both of which Australia is an active participant
+– there is also the ASEAN Plus Three process (including China, Japan and South Korea)
+– in the Pacific, there is the Pacific Islands Forum
+– and a range of other formal and informal associations of interest throughout the Asia-Pacific region.
+• The challenge of this diversifying structure of regional institutional architecture is to encourage the minimisation of unnecessary duplication and the development of constructive and complementary dimensions of regional responses to regional challenges.
+Conclusion
+• The final point I wish to make today relates to values and foreign policy.
+• In the context of modern global terrorism and the accelerating globalisation to which I have referred today, I believe that the values which underpin Australian foreign and trade policy are particularly well suited to the challenges of the times
+– in promoting priorities such as good governance, transparency, accountability, democratic freedoms, the rule of law, economic openness, market competitiveness and practical support to enhance the capacity of states to benefit from economic globalisation, Australia is not only being true to the values it believes in itself and we are not only effectively pursuing our own prospects in an increasingly competitive international environment
+: we are doing more than that
+: by encouraging and actively helping other states to do the same, we are also advancing our wider interests and responsibilities in promoting stability, in supporting economic development and in countering extremism in our own region and in the wider world as well.
+Marc Marchioli v. Pre-employ.com, Inc., Eisenhower Med. Ctr., et al., No. EDCV162305JGBDTBX, 2017 WL 7049527, at *1–15 (C.D. Cal. June 30, 2017)
+CIVIL MINUTES—GENERAL
+Present: The Honorable JESUS G. BERNAL, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
+*1 Proceedings: Order: (1) GRANTING Eisenhower Medical Center’s (“EMC”) Motion to Strike (Dkt. No. 67); (2) GRANTING EMC’s Motion to Dismiss (Dkt. No. 66); (3) GRANTING Pre-employ.com, Inc.’s (“PE”) Motion to Dismiss (Dkt. No. 68); (4) DISMISSING the SAC; and (5) VACATING the July 10, 2017 Hearing
+Before the Court are Defendants’ motions to dismiss, (Dkt. Nos. 66, 68), EMC’s motion to strike, (Dkt. No. 67), EMC’s motion for attorney’s fees (Dkt. No. 65), PE’s request for judicial notice (Dkt. No. 84), and Plaintiff’s motion for attorney’s fees. (Dkt. No. 71.) The Court finds these matters appropriate for resolution without a hearing. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 78; L.R. 7-15. After considering all papers timely filed in support of, and in opposition to the motions, the Court GRANTS EMC’s motion to strike, GRANTS EMC’s and PE’s motions to dismiss, DISMISSES the SAC WITH LEAVE TO AMEND, and VACATES the July 10, 2017 Hearing.
+I. BACKGROUND
+A. Procedural History
+Marc Marchioli (“Plaintiff”) initially filed this putative class action against EMC and PE (collectively, “Defendants”), under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) and California’s Unfair Competition Law (“UCL”) in the District Court for the Eastern District of California on May 23, 2016. (Dkt. No. 1.) On July 26, 2017, EMC filed a motion to transfer venue, (Dkt. No. 7), and a motion to dismiss. (Dkt. No. 8.) On July 29, 2016, EMC filed an Anti-SLAPP motion. (Dkt. No. 11.) On August 16, 2016, PE filed a motion to dismiss. (Dkt. No. 16.) On October 21, 2016, Plaintiff filed an Ex Parte Application to compel Defendants to participate in limited Rule 26 discovery for the purpose of gathering evidence to oppose EMC’s Anti-SLAPP Motion. (Dkt. No. 29.) On November 3, 2016, Judge England denied Plaintiff’s Ex Parte Application, granted the motion to transfer venue, and denied both motions to dismiss as well as the motion to strike without prejudice. (Dkt. No. 34.)
+The case was transferred to this Court on November 4, 2016. (Dkt. No. 37.) On November 22, 2016, EMC refiled a motion to dismiss and a renewed anti-SLAPP Motion. (Dkt. Nos. 40-1, 41-1.) PE filed a motion to dismiss on November 23, 2016. (Dkt. No. 42-1.) On December 1, 2016, Plaintiff filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”). (Dkt. No. 43.) EMC filed a motion to strike the FAC. (Dkt. No. 44-1.) PE filed a motion to strike the FAC on December 15, 2016. (Dkt. No. 45-1.) On January 25, 2017, the Court granted EMC’s and PE’s motions to strike and motions to dismiss, dismissing the FAC with leave to amend. (“Order,” Dkt. No. 58.) The Court held that EMC’s conduct was protected activity under California Code of Civil Procedure section 425.16 (“Section 425.16”) and Plaintiff failed to demonstrate a probability of prevailing on his UCL claim. (Order at 6-7.) With respect to Plaintiff’s FCRA claims, the Court held that Plaintiff’s claims contained insufficient allegations to plausibly infer how PE or EMC violated 15 U.S.C. § 1681a, et seq. (Id. at 10-13, 14-17.) Significantly, the Court also held that Plaintiff could not satisfy Spokeo’s standing requirements under Article III for failure to allege more than a “bare procedural violation.” (Order at 14-15.)
+*2 On February 23, 2017, Plaintiff filed his Second Amended Complaint against EMC, PE, and Does 1 through 20. (“SAC,” Dkt. No. 59.) His SAC brings two causes of action: (1) violation of the FCRA, 15 U.S.C. § 1681a, et seq.; and (2) violation of the UCL. On March 16, 2017, EMC filed a motion for attorney’s fees and costs under Section 425.16(c)(1). (Dkt. No. 65.)
+On March 30, 2017, EMC filed its motion to dismiss or in the alternative, to stay the case pending the Ninth Circuit’s Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, 136 S. Ct. 1540 (2016) ruling on remand. (“EMTD,” Dkt. Nos. 66, 66-1.) EMC also filed a motion to strike the SAC under Section 425.16. (“EMTS,” Dkt. Nos. 67, 67-1.) In support of its motion to strike, EMC filed the Declaration of David Kowalczyk (Kowalczyk Decl., Dkt. No. 67-2), which includes the following Exhibits:
+• Exhibit A: first and last page of Plaintiff’s EMC job application dated September 25, 2014 (Dkt. No. 67-5);
+• Exhibit B: screenshot of FCRA Summary (Id.);
+• Exhibit C: screenshot of FCRA Authorization (Id.);
+• Exhibit D: signed copy of Plaintiff’s contingent offer letter dated December 8, 2014 (“Offer Letter,” Id.);
+• Exhibit E: correspondence from Plaintiff dated April 17, 2015 (Id.);
+• Exhibit F: letter from Plaintiff dated July 3, 2015 (Id.);
+• Exhibit G: letter from Plaintiff’s attorney Anna Rossi dated August 4, 2015 (Id.); and
+• Exhibit H: letter from EMC’s Deputy General Counsel James L. Reed to Plaintiff’s attorney dated October 9, 2015 (Id.)
+EMC also filed the the Declaration of Linda Riggs (Riggs Decl., Dkt. No. 67-3), in support of its motion to strike, which includes the following Exhibits:
+• Exhibit I: EMC’s Medical Staff Bylaws (Dkt. Nos. 67-5, 67-6 at Ex. I);
+• Exhibit J: EMC’s Peer Review Consent signed by Plaintiff (Dkt. No. 67-6); and
+• Exhibits K through O: EMC’s Confidential Practitioner Evaluations (Id.)
+As further support for its motion to strike, EMC filed the Declaration of Erin Davis (Davis Decl., Dkt. No. 67-4), which includes the following Exhibits:
+• Exhibit P: email from Linda Riggs, EMC’s Credentials Coordinator, to Plaintiff containing information about the credentialing process dated December 15, 2014 (Dkt. No. 67-6);
+• Exhibit Q: Plaintiff’s Allied Health Professional (“AHP”) Application to EMC’s Medical Staff Office dated December 27, 2014 (Id.);
+• Exhibit R: email from Linda Riggs to Plaintiff notifying him that his AHP application was incomplete and directing him to provide missing information dated January 12, 2015 (Id.); and
+• Exhibit S: email from Linda Riggs to Plaintiff to request he provide contact information for his references, prior hospital affiliations, and prior employers to complete his AHP application dated January 26, 2015 (Dkt. No. 67-7.)
+On March 30, 2017, PE filed its motion to dismiss. (“PMTD,” Dkt. Nos. 68, 68-1.) Plaintiff filed a “cross-motion” for attorney’s fees on April 27, 2017, (Dkt. Nos. 71, 71-1), attaching the Declaration of Duncan MacDonald in support. (MacDonald Decl., Dkt. No. 71-2.)
+On May 22, 2017, Plaintiff opposed EMC’s anti-SLAPP motion. (“Opp’n MTS,” Dkt. No. 73.) Plaintiff also filed his own Declaration, (Marchioli Decl., Dkt. No. 73-1), which attaches the following Exhibits:
+• Exhibit 1: Plaintiff’s email correspondence with Carl Enzor, EMC’s Chief Administrative Officer regarding his online application filed in September 2014 (Dkt. No. 73-3);
+*3 • Exhibit 2: Plaintiff’s email correspondence with EMC representatives regarding Plaintiff’s interviews (Id.);
+• Exhibit 3: email correspondence between Plaintiff and EMC discussing certain aspects of EMC’s offer dated November 20, 2014 (Id.);
+• Exhibit 4: formal offer of employment from EMC received by Plaintiff on November 20, 2014 (Id.);
+• Exhibit 5: EMC’s documents completed by prospective employees as part of EMC’s “onboarding process” (Id.);
+• Exhibit 6: email correspondence between Plaintiff and Erin Davis chronicling Plaintiff’s repeated provision of prior employer information to EMC (Id.);
+• Exhibit 7: email from Ms. Davis informing Plaintiff on January 12, 2015 that he would not be permitted to work until EMC completed its credentialing process (Id.);
+• Exhibit 8: email correspondence between Ms. Davis and Plaintiff and documents describing the credentialing process at EMC (Id.);
+• Exhibit 9: email from EMC informing Plaintiff that it needed a separate background check conducted by PE dated March 20, 2015 (Id.);
+• Exhibit 10: a copy of Pre-Employ’s consumer report it provided to Plaintiff containing “erroneous statements” (Id.; Marchioli Decl. ¶ 14);
+• Exhibit 11: email from Plaintiff to EMC asking why EMC decided not to proceed with Plaintiff’s employment dated March 31, 2015 (Id.); and
+• Exhibit 12: email correspondence between Plaintiff and David Kowalczyk at EMC regarding Plaintiff’s unsuccessful request to receive his personnel file (Id.)
+Plaintiff also filed Objections to the Declaration of Erin Davis, Linda Riggs, and David Kowalczyk, as well as an opposition to PE’s motion to dismiss. (Dkt. Nos. 73-4, 73-5, 73-6;“Opp’n PMTD,” Dkt. No. 75.) On May 23, 2017, Plaintiff filed oppositions to EMC’s motion to dismiss and motion for attorney’s fees. (“Opp’n EMTD,” Dkt. No. 76; Dkt. No. 77.) EMC opposed Plaintiff’s cross-motion for attorney’s fees on May 30, 2017. (Dkt. No. 78.) On June 5, 2017, EMC filed its replies in support of its motion for attorney’s fees, its motion to strike, and its motion to dismiss. (Dkt. Nos. 79, 80, 81.) EMC attached the Declaration of David Kowalcyzk in reply, and two accompanying Exhibits: (1) Plaintiff’s signed FCRA Authorization, and (2) Plaintiff’s signed Disclosure and Authorization Form. (Kowlczyk Reply Decl., Dkt. No. 80; Dkt. No. 80-1 at Exs. A, B.)
+On June 5, 2017, Plaintiff filed a reply in support of his cross-motion for attorney’s fees, (Dkt. No. 82), and PE filed its reply in support of its motion to dismiss as well as a request for judicial notice. (“PE Reply MTD,” Dkt. No. 83; “PE RJN,” Dkt. No. 84.)1
+B. Factual Allegations and Claims
+*4 The following facts are drawn from Plaintiff’s SAC. Plaintiff, a resident of Pittsburgh, applied for employment with EMC, a not-for-profit corporation incorporated in California, with its principal place of business in Rancho Mirage, California. (SAC ¶ 3.) As part of the application process, Plaintiff was required to submit to a background check performed by PE, a corporation incorporated in California with its principal place of business in Redding, California. (Id.) Plaintiff and Defendants dispute whether Plaintiff was actually offered employment with EMC. (SAC ¶ 3; Dkt. No. 71-2 at 42.) In any event, Plaintiff alleges that EMC, PE, and the Doe defendants violated the FCRA and UCL by improperly investigating, preparing, procuring, or causing the procurement of credit or consumer reports of Plaintiff and members of the putative class without providing proper notice, making the proper disclosures, or obtaining the proper authorizations or certifications. (SAC ¶¶ 23-41.)
+On those bases, Plaintiff brings two causes of action against EMC and PE: (1) violation of Federal Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1681a, et seq. (id. at 5); and (2) violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200, et seq. (Id. at ¶¶ 23-41, 42- 49.) Plaintiff seeks statutory and punitive damages, restitution or disgorgement of profits, injunctive relief, as well as attorney’s fees and costs. (Id. at Prayer.)
+C. Parties’ Contentions
+1. EMC
+EMC argues that the SAC “does not sufficiently articulate how the procedures followed by EMC violate the FCRA nor how the alleged FCRA violations caused him actual harm.” (EMTD at 9.) In support, EMC points out that this Court already found “that it could not infer that Plaintiff suffered an injury sufficient for Article III standing where absent from the Original Complaint was any allegation that EMC actually failed to inform Plaintiff that it intended to perform a background check, or that Plaintiff was not aware that a background check would be conducted.” (Id. at 13-14.) In addition, EMC argues that Plaintiff’s Section 1681d claim must fail because the more stringent disclosure requirements of that section only apply to investigative consumer reports and the SAC does not contain any allegations that EMC procured such a report. (EMTD at 12.)
+2. PE
+PE raises issues of standing and also argues that Plaintiff’s failure to adequately allege statutory elements of his FCRA claims warrants dismissal of the SAC with prejudice. PE argues that “Marchioli cannot allege a ‘concrete harm’ to satisfy Article III standing by merely alleging PE failed to notify a user (i.e., EMC) of its statutory obligations under the FCRA.” (PMTD at 15.) PE asserts that this is exactly the statutory violation on which Marchioli’s asserted informational injury seeks to rely since “Marchioli [specifically] disclaims he is alleging PE prepared an inaccurate report on him.” (Id.) Relatedly, PE argues that Plaintiff cannot plausibly claim that PE’s alleged failure to obtain certifications from EMC that EMC had complied with the FCRA’s requirements resulted in an “invasion of privacy” or an “informational injury.” (Id. at 17.)
+PE argues that Plaintiff’s allegations cannot state a claim. Specifically, PE asserts that Plaintiff cannot state a claim based on the PE report’s alleged omission of all of the “Consumer Rights Notices/Authorizations” required by the FCRA, Plaintiff’s non-receipt of PE’s certifications from EMC, PE’s alleged failure to provide EMC with requisite user notices, or PE’s failure to provide Plaintiff with such notices. (PMTD at 20.) To this end, PE asserts that “the FCRA does not require PE to provide Marchioli copies of these user notifications and certifications in his consumer report (or even independently) ... [because] Section 1681e(d) [ ] only requires PE to provide this notice to EMC.” (Id.) In PE’s view, this holds true for any alleged failure on its part to provide Plaintiff with a copy of this certification. (Id. at 21.) On that basis, PE maintains that “the fact that Marchioli never received a copy of this certification does not support his claim.” (Id.)
+*5 With respect to Plaintiff’s Section 1681(e) claim, PE argues that Plaintiff cannot plausibly allege that PE failed to maintain reasonable procedures to ensure that the user will not use the information for an improper purpose without alleging that EMC used his consumer report for an improper purpose. (Id. at 23.) PE maintains that “this allegation is completely absent from Marchioli’s complaint.” (Id.) PE further argues that Plaintiff fails to adequately allege PE acted negligent or willfully. (Id. at 24.)2
+Furthermore, PE argues that Plaintiff’s UCL claim fails because he does not allege a sufficient economic injury to establish UCL standing since “Marchioli does not have a prior ownership interest in the funds he seeks to disgorge from PE.” (Id. at 27.) Lastly, PE argues that the UCL claim is insufficiently pled because Plaintiff fails to state a plausible claim under the FCRA. (Id.)
+II. LEGAL STANDARD
+A. Rule 12(b)(6)
+Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows a party to bring a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Rule 12(b)(6) is read in conjunction with Rule 8(a), which requires only a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief. Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2); Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47 (1957) (holding that the Federal Rules require that a plaintiff provide “ ‘a short and plain statement of the claim’ that will give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff’s claim is and the grounds upon which it rests”) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2)); Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). When evaluating a Rule 12(b)(6) motion, a court must accept all material allegations in the complaint—as well as any reasonable inferences to be drawn from them—as true and construe them in the light most favorable to the non-moving ). Rather, the allegations in the complaint “must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Id.
+Surviving a motion to dismiss requires a plaintiff to allege “enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570; Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 697 (2009). “The plausibility standard is not akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it.’ ” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). The Ninth Circuit has clarified that (1) a complaint must “contain sufficient allegations of underlying facts to give fair notice and to enable the opposing party to defend itself effectively,” and ).
+*6 Although the scope of review on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss is limited to the contents of the complaint, the Court may consider certain materials, such as documents attached to the complaint, documents incorporated by reference in the complaint, or matters of judicial notice. United States v. Ritchie, 342 F.3d 903, 907-08 (9th Cir. 2003). Under the incorporation by reference doctrine, the Court may consider documents not attached to the pleading if: (1) those documents are referenced extensively in the complaint or form the basis of the plaintiff’s claim; and (2) if no party questions their authenticity. Knievel v. ESPN, 393 F.3d 1068, 1076 (9th Cir. 2005).
+B. Rule 12(b)(1)
+A party may seek dismissal of an action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1) “either on the face of the pleadings or by presenting evidence.” Warren v. Fox Family Worldwide, Inc., 328 F.3d 1136, 1139 (9th Cir. 2003); see also White v. Lee, 227 F.3d 1217, 1242 (9th Cir. 2000). Where the party asserts a facial challenge, the court limits its inquiry to the allegations set forth in the complaint. Safe Air for Everyone v. Meyer, 373 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir. 2004).
+“In resolving a factual attack on jurisdiction, the district court may review evidence beyond the complaint without converting the motion to dismiss into a motion for summary judgment.” Id. The court “need not presume the truthfulness of the plaintiff’s allegations,” Lee, 227 F.3d at 1242, and may generally “resolve factual disputes concerning the existence of jurisdiction.” McCarthy v. United States, 850 F.2d 558, 560 (9th Cir. 1988). “Where jurisdiction is intertwined with the merits,” the Court must “[a]ssume the truth of the allegations in a complaint... unless controverted by undisputed facts in the record.” Warren, 328 F.3d 1136, 1139 (9th Cir. 2003).
+III. DISCUSSION
+A. Motions to Dismiss Plaintiff’s FCRA Claim
+Since the issue of standing looms large in determining whether Plaintiff can assert his FCRA claim, the Court addresses standing and the sufficiency of his allegations together. That said, the Court recognizes that different standards of review apply under Rule 12(b)(1) and under Rule 12(b)(6). As such, while the Court may consider extraneous evidence for purposes of standing, it will not consider evidence outside of the four corners of the SAC when determining whether Plaintiff’s allegations plausibly state his claims.
+1. EMC
+a. Sections 1681d(a)(1) and 1681d(a)(2)
+Under Section 1681d, “).
+15 U.S.C. § 1681d. This claim fails because the SAC neither sufficiently alleges that EMC procured or obtained an “investigative consumer report” nor alleges a concrete injury under Article III.
+*7 Plaintiff alleges that EMC failed to provide the disclosures required by Section 1681d(a)(1). (SAC ¶ 28.) Specifically, Plaintiff claims that no such disclosure was provided to him within three days of EMC procuring the Pre-Employ report. (Id.) Plaintiff asserts that “EMC’s Rebuttal Evidence” does not establish its compliance with Section 1681d(a)(1) because it does not meet the requirements for electronic notices and authorizations under 12 CFR 1024.3 and 15 U.S.C. § 7001(c). (Id.) Plaintiff further argues that even if the notices and authorizations complied with 12 CFR 1024.3 and 15 U.S.C. § 7001(c), they do not contain the specific disclosure for investigative consumer reports. (Id.) As a result of these alleged violations, Plaintiff claims that EMC illegally invaded his privacy and he suffered “informational injuries.” (Id.)
+These more stringent disclosure requirements only apply to “investigative consumer reports.” 15 U.S.C. § 1681d; see Belshaw v. Credit Bureau of Prescott, 392 F. Supp. 1356, 1361 (D. Ariz. 1975)(“Since no investigative consumer report was procured, § 1681d of the Act could not have been violated.”). An “investigative consumer report” is defined as a report in which. While Plaintiff alleges the phrase “investigatory consumer report” repeatedly, the Court cannot find this conclusory allegation plausible due to the lack of specific factual allegations. Indeed, Plaintiff’s references to “investigative consumer report” are supported only by threadbare recitals of the elements of the cause of action, which the Court need not accept as true. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. Plaintiff cites his opposition to EMC’s first motion to strike to argue that “Pre-employ actually conducted interviews with Marchioli’s former non-medical employer ‘associates’ to obtain information on [his] work history, including dates of employment.” (Opp’n EMTD at 19.) But Plaintiff does not include this allegation in his operative complaint. The Court finds the allegations in the SAC insufficient to infer EMC procured an investigative consumer report on him. As the Federal Trade Commission has stated:.
+Staff Opinion Letter from Fed. Trade Comm'n (July 9, 1998).
+Plaintiff has failed to adequately allege the procurement of an investigative report—a prerequisite for application of Section 1681d. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS EMC’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s FCRA claim under Section 1681d(a), subsections (1) and (2). The Court addresses EMC’s standing argument below.
+b. Section 1681b(b)(2)(A)
+EMC seeks to dismiss Plaintiff’s Section 1681b(b)(2)(A) claim primarily on standing grounds. Section 1681b(b)(2)(A) of the FCRA provides:
+
+*8 (ii) the consumer has authorized in writing (which authorization may be made on the document referred to in clause (i)) the procurement of the report by that person.
+15 U.S.C. § 1681b(b)(2)(A). Plaintiff alleges that EMC failed to provide “clear and conspicuous disclosure in writing” that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes as long as written authorization is obtained from the consumer before it procured a consumer report on him as required by Section 1681b(b)(2)(A). (SAC ¶ 31.) Plaintiff alleges that he never received such disclosure with the Pre-employ report. (Id.) Plaintiff asserts that he suffered an informational injury and his privacy was invaded without authorization as a result. (Id.) The Court finds, however, that the SAC fails to establish a plausible causal connection between the asserted statutory violation and his “informational injury,” and therefore fails to satisfy Article III’s standing requirements.
+To satisfy Article III standing, a plaintiff must show that: (1) she has suffered “an injury in fact” that is concrete and particularized and actual or imminent, not conjectural or hypothetical; (2) the injury is fairly traceable to the challenged actions of the defendant; and (3) it is likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that the injury will be redressed by a favorable decision. Bernhardt v. Cnty. of Los Angeles, 279 F.3d 862, 868-69 (9th Cir. 2002)(citing Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Envtl. Servs., Inc., 528 U.S. 167, 180-81 (2000)). The plaintiff bears the burden of establishing these elements, and standing must be present at the time the action is brought. Lujan, 504 U.S. at 561, 570 n.5. The court need not presume the truthfulness of the plaintiff's allegations.).
+In Spokeo v. Robins, 136 S. Ct. 1540 (2016), the Supreme Court held that a mere technical violation of the FCRA without some connection to a concrete harm was insufficient to confer Article III standing. Id. The Court recognized that in some contexts, informational injuries may suffice, like when there is a statutory right to information and deprivation of that right risks a more serious injury. Id. Spokeo confirms that for an intangible harm to constitute a sufficiently “concrete” injury, the alleged intangible harm must have a “a close relationship” to a “harm that has traditionally been regarded as providing a basis for a lawsuit in English or American Courts. Id. at 1549. Hence, “[a] violation of a procedural right divorced from any concrete harm does not satisfy Article III. For example, even if a consumer reporting agency fails to provide the required notice to a user of the agency's consumer information, that information regardless may be entirely accurate. In addition, not all inaccuracies cause harm or present any material risk of harm.” Id. at 1550
+*9 Plaintiff cites Syed v. M-I LLC, 853 F.3d 492 (9th Cir. 2017), and Thomas v. FTS, LLC, 2016 WL 3653878 (E.D. Va. June 30, 2016), to argue that “informational injuries” and invasions of privacy are sufficiently concrete to establish Article III standing. (Opp’n EMTD at 15, 16-17.) The Court finds that these cases are factually distinguishable and do not stand for as broad of a proposition as Plaintiff espouses. Under Syed v. M-I LLC, 853 F.3d 492 (2017) a violation of FCRA’s disclosure procedures may inflict an “informational injury” sufficient to confer Article III standing. That said, for a procedural violation to become a concrete “informational injury,” the plaintiff must allege that because of the FCRA violation, he was “not aware” that he was signing an authorization to a credit check. Id. at 499. The plaintiff in Syed alleged that the defendant’s inclusion of a liability waiver in its FCRA disclosure deprived him of the right to information because had he viewed the disclosure statement on its own, he would not have signed it. Id. Plaintiff does not allege with specificity how the disclosure was deficient. Plaintiff fails to allege that EMC’s technical violations of Section 1681b deprived him of the ability to understand his rights or meaningfully authorize the procurement of a credit report on him. As such, Plaintiff fails to adequately allege a plausible nexus between EMC’s alleged violation of its disclosure and authorization requirements and Plaintiff’s asserted informational injury.
+The Court also finds the SAC insufficient to plausibly infer that Plaintiff suffered an unlawful invasion of privacy under Thomas v. FTS USA, LLC, 193 F. Supp. 3d 623 (E.D. Va. 2016) because he fails to plausibly allege an impermissible use of his credit information. The plaintiff in Thomas alleged that his former employer procured his consumer reports without first providing the required written disclosure or obtaining the consumers’ written consent as required by Section 1681b(b)(2). Id. Here, Plaintiff’s own Declaration and the Exhibits attached thereto show that there was no unauthorized “disclosure” as in Thomas.
+In his declaration, Plaintiff states that as part of the credentialing process, “[he] signed the Confidential: Request for Verification form.” (Marchioli Decl. ¶ 13.) He also declares that “[he] understood that [he] needed to obtain staff privileges before [he] could begin treating patients at EMC.” (Id. at ¶ 8.) Plaintiff also declares that he understood that to receive staff privileges “EMC needed information about [his] prior credentialing and prior work in the medical field.” (Id. at ¶ 8.) In addition, Plaintiff states that “[a]t all times during this process [he] not only allowed, but directly facilitated EMC’s contact with [his] former medical employers.” (Id. at ¶ 8.) Plaintiff refers to several Exhibits attached to his declaration in support.
+Exhibit 4 to Plaintiff’s Declaration contains a letter from Ellie Koch dated November 26, 2014, which states: “This offer of employment is contingent upon successful completion of your fitness for duty exam, background check, orientation, and further evaluation and confirmation of your qualifications by your Director.” (Dkt. No. 73-3, 39)(emphasis added). Plaintiff attaches EMC’s Medical Staff AHP application, which includes the “Statement of Applicant/Consent to Release Information.” (Dkt. No. 73-3, 93.)
+Further, EMC’s human resources department sent an email to Plaintiff stating: “OUR first step in the onboarding process is to begin processing your background check” on March 20, 2015 (Id. at Ex. 9, 255.) On March 20, 2015, a verification specialist from PE emailed Plaintiff stating: “Pre-Employ.com is working on completing your background check for Eisenhower-Diana. We are in need of more information regarding your employment. Please also send the name used while attending. In order to release information to Pre-Employ.com, the verifying organization requires that we provide them with your signed release. We have attached the Signed Release form. Please print the form, fill out the information requested, sign the form, and return via fax... “ (Id. at 265.) Plaintiff then attaches a signed Confidential Request for Verification form that was sent to him by PE, which states: “I, the undersigned, hereby authorize and request all persons, schools, businesses, corporations, credit bureaus, courts, law enforcement, armed forces, employment commissions, and all government agencies to release the below-requested information without restriction or qualification. I authorize the Photostat of this Request for Verification to be considered as effective and valid as the original.” (Id. at 268.)
+*10 EMC submitted evidence in support of its motion to strike, which if uncontroverted, may be considered under Rule 12(b)(1). Savage, 343 F.3d at 1039 n. 2. (9th Cir.2003) (.”).
+Plaintiff objects to statements in the Declaration of David Kowalczyk, including, among others:
+• “As part of the online job application, Plaintiff was provided a webpage titled, ‘A Summary Of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act’ (the ‘FCRA Summary’).” (Dkt. No. 73-5 at ¶ 5);
+• “In order for Plaintiff to complete his job application he had to click the ‘Submit’ button at the bottom of the FCRA Summary. Attached hereto as Exhibit B to the COE is a true and correct copy of a screenshot of the FCRA Summary.” (Id.);
+• “After having an opportunity to review the FCRA Summary, the online job portal then sent Plaintiff to a separate webpage titled ‘AUTHORIZATION,’ ” and “[i]n signing the Authorization, Plaintiff provide[d] EMC and Co-Defendant Pre-Employ.com, Inc. [ ] his authorization and consent for Pre-Employ to compile a consumer report on Plaintiff based on a variety of sources. .” contained in the Declaration of David Kowalczyk. (Id. at ¶ 6.)
+Plaintiff objects to these statements on several grounds. First, he argues that the statements and attached document are hearsay and “[l]ack foundation as to whether Plaintiff actually ‘submitted’ this form.” (Id. at ¶¶ 5, 6.) In his opposition to EMC’s motion to dismiss, Plaintiff argues that this evidence is “extraneous” and that the “written authorization” was not fully authenticated because it “was a computer screenshot that does not have an ink signature or even an electronic signature from Marchioli.” (Opp’n EMTD at 11.) Lastly, the SAC states that “EMC’s Screenshots do not comply with the requirements for electronic notices and authorizations under 12 CFR 1024.3 and 15 U.S.C. § 7001(c).”3 (SAC ¶ 31, subp. (e).) The Court finds these evidentiary objections unavailing. For one thing, if the EMC Screenshots are presented to show that Plaintiff signed the document, it is an opposing party statement, which is not considered hearsay. Fed. R. Evid. 801.
+*11 The rest of the content is admissible under the business records exception. Fed. R. Evid. 803(6). Rule 803(6) allows the admission of business records when “two foundational facts are proved: (1) the writing is made or transmitted by a person with knowledge at or near the time of the incident recorded, and (2) the record is kept in the course of regularly conducted business activity.” Sea-Land Serv., Inc. v. Lozen Int’l, LLC., 285 F.3d 808, 819 (9th Cir. 2002)(citing United States v. Miller, 771 F.2d 1219, 1237 (9th Cir. 1985)). “[I]t is immaterial that the business record is maintained in a computer rather than in company books.” United States v. Catabran, 836 F.2d 453, 457 (9th Cir. 1988) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). In the Reply Declaration of David Kowalczyk, he represents that he oversees all of the processing of applications for employment at EMC as EMC’s Director of Human Resources. (Kowalczyk Reply Decl. ¶ 2.) Kowalczyk further declares that Plaintiff submitted his employment application on September 25, 2014, and in order to submit the application, “Plaintiff had to complete and sign the FCRA Authorization page.” (Id. at ¶ 3)(citing Id. at Ex. A.) The “writing”—Plaintiff’s signed consent and authorization—was made by Plaintiff and transmitted by Plaintiff at or near September 25, 2014 since he declares “[he] applied online for a position as a Physician’s Assistant at [EMC] in September 2014.” (Marchioli Decl. ¶ 3.)
+The Declaration of David Kowalczyk confirms that Plaintiff’s employment application is kept in the course of regularly conducted business activity. Kowalczyk’s statements do not lack foundation, and the Exhibits attacked therewith have been properly authenticated. They are therefore admissible under either the business records exception under Federal Rule of Evidence 803(6) or as an admission of a party opponent under Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(2). Similarly, Exhibits A and B to the Reply Declaration of David Kowalczyk are neither hearsay nor lack foundation. The signed consent and authorizations contained therein are authenticated by David Kowalczyk’s Reply Declaration and Plaintiff’s electronic signatures. See 15 U.S.C. § 7001(c). Accord In re Air Crash Disaster at Stapleton Int'l Airport, Denver, Colo., on Nov. 15, 1987, 720 F. Supp. 1493, 1499 (D. Colo. 1989)(“Personnel files kept by American Airlines regarding co-pilot Lee Bruecher's application for employment at that airline were admitted as business records.”); Osborne v. Pinsonneault, No. CIV A 407CV-002-JHM, 2009 WL 1046008, at *6 (W.D. Ky. Apr. 20, 2009) (holding that a “pre-employment offer questionnaire” and an “employment application” were “admissible under either Fed. R. Evid 801(d)(2) as an admission of a party opponent or under the business records exception pursuant to Fed. R. Evid. 803(6).”). The Court may thus consider this evidence when resolving EMC’s factual challenge to the Court’s subject matter jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1).
+Kowalczyk declares that after signing the FCRA Authorization page, the online job portal sent Plaintiff to a separate page titled “Disclosure and Authorization Form,” which advised Plaintiff that EMC would procure a background check from Pre-Employ and informed Plaintiff of the ways in which he could obtain a copy or summary of Pre-Employ’s file regarding his background check. (Id. at ¶ 4.) By signing this form, Plaintiff “gave his explicit written authorization for EMC to procure and for Pre-Employ to prepare his background check for use in Plaintiff’s application for employment with EMC.” (Id.)(citing Id. at Ex. B.) Kowalczyk declares that part of EMC’s online application requires Plaintiff to read a webpage titled “A Summary of Your Rights Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act” and prior to submitting his application, he had to sign an authorization attesting that he had read, understood, and agreed to “each of the disclosures, authorizations, directions and indemnifications.” (Kowalczyk Decl. ¶¶ 5, 6.)
+Plaintiff therefore agreed to release his private information, which renders implausible his argument that EMC’s alleged technical violation deprived him of his privacy interest in information he authorized be disclosed as part of the credentialing process. Because he provided consent, Plaintiff cannot rely on Thomas. Further, the cases he cites to claim his alleged injuries suffice refute the notion that “there is no such thing as a harmless invasion of privacy.” (Opp’n EMTD at 15.) Indeed, when one consents to, authorizes, or “directly facilitate[es]” the release of one’s private information, there is no harm done. Spokeo, 136 S. Ct. at 1550 (stating that a violation of one of the FCRA’s procedural requirements could have resulted in no harm). In sum, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s asserted concrete injuries—invasion of privacy and informational injuries—are controverted by facts in the record. Warren, 328 F.3d 1136, 1139 (9th Cir. 2003).
+c. Section 1681b(f)(2)
+*12 Plaintiff alleges that EMC failed to certify the purpose for which the consumer report on him was sought and failed to certify that it would only be used for a permissible purpose in violation of Section 1681b(f).4 (SAC ¶ 32.) Plaintiff fails to allege any facts on which to infer that the consumer report was procured for an impermissible purpose. Procuring consumer reports for purposes of considering a job applicant for employment is an explicitly enumerated permissible purpose under Section 1681b. 15 U.S.C. § 1681b. There is nothing in the allegations that suggest EMC procured the report for any other purpose. As to the certification requirement, for the reasons stated above, Plaintiff fails to plausibly allege how EMC’s failure to certify that the consumer report would only be used for this purpose caused Plaintiff informational or privacy injury. Plaintiff fails to adequately allege any plausible connection between EMC’s alleged failure to certify the report and the “informational harm” he claims to have suffered. Without more specific allegations, the Court cannot infer a “concrete injury” reasonably ensuing from EMC’s alleged failure to certify to providers of credit information or PE that the information would be used for a proper purpose.
+On that basis, the Court GRANTS EMC’s motion to dismiss, and DISMISSES Plaintiff’s claim under 15 U.S.C. § 1681b(f)(2).
+2. PE
+a. Section 1681d(d)(1)
+Plaintiff alleges that PE violated 15 U.S.C. § 1681d(d)(1), which requires CRAs to obtain certification from users of credit information that the user has complied with Section 1681d(a)(1) and 1681d(a)(2). (SAC ¶ 34.) Again, this provision only applies when a user of credit information procures or obtains an “investigative consumer report.” The Court has already concluded that the SAC fails to adequately allege that PE’s report qualifies as such. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS PE’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s claim under Section 1681d.
+b. Section 1681b(b)(1)(A)(i)
+Plaintiff alleges that PE violated 15 U.S.C. § 1681b(b)(1)(A)(i) by failing to obtain a certification from EMC that EMC had provided disclosures to Plaintiff as specified in 1681b(b)(2)(A) prior to furnishing EMC with any consumer report. (Id. at ¶ 35.)
+Section 1681b(b)(1) requires certification from a user of a consumer report, in this case EMC, to certify to the CRA, here PE, that the user has made the required disclosures to the consumer that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes and that the user has obtained prior written authorization from the consumer to procure the report. 15 U.S.C. § 1681b(b). As mentioned above, Section 1681b(b)(2) requires the user to give the consumer a written disclosure and obtain written authorization from the consumer prior to procuring a consumer report. Id. Section 1681b(b)(3) requires that the user provides the consumer with a copy of the report and a description in writing of the rights of the consumer under the FCRA before taking any adverse action based in whole or in part on the report. Id.
+As to the failure to certify compliance with Section 1681b(b)(2), the Court finds that Plaintiff fails to plausibly allege how he suffered either an “informational injury” or an “invasion of privacy” as a result of PE’s failure to obtain EMC’s certification that the report would only be used for the purpose of reviewing Plaintiff’s candidacy for employment. The violation of Section 1681b(b)(3) gets closer to plausibly alleging an “informational injury,” except that Plaintiff admits in his declaration that he received PE’s report. (Marchioli Decl. ¶ 14.) Thus, there is no basis on which to reasonably infer that Plaintiff suffered an “informational injury” as a result of PE’s alleged conduct. Further, the record shows that Plaintiff was informed of this right when he submitted his employment application. (See Kowalczyk Reply Decl. at Exs. A, B.) EMC’s decision to terminate Plaintiff’s employment is a concrete injury. However, Plaintiff does not allege a causal relationship between PE’s failure to certify that EMC complied with Section 1681b’s requirements and EMC’s decision to decline Plaintiff his staff privileges.
+*13 If Plaintiff wishes to allege that the adverse employment action was due to PE’s violation of the FCRA, he must allege that EMC terminated his employment based on inaccuracies contained in PE’s report, and that PE failed to maintain reasonable procedures to ensure the accuracy of its reports. These FCRA provisions, however, do not apply to this theory of liability. Put simply, Plaintiff’s pleadings do not provide a coherent theory of his entitlement to relief.
+c. Sections 1681e(a) and 1681e(d)
+Plaintiff alleges that PE violated 15 U.S.C. § 1681e(a) by failing to maintain reasonable procedures that “require prospective users identify themselves, certify the purposes for which the information is sought, and certify that the information will not be used for any unauthorized purpose.” (SAC ¶ 36.) Plaintiff further alleges that PE failed to obtain the certifications from EMC as required by Section 1681e(a). (Id.) Plaintiff also alleges that PE violated 15 U.S.C. § 1681e(d) by failing to ensure that it provided EMC with a notice of EMC’s responsibilities under the FCRA. (Id. at ¶ 37.)
+Section 1681e(a) requires every CRA to “maintain reasonable procedures designed to avoid violations of section 1681c...” 15 U.S.C. § 1681e. Section 1681e(d) requires CRAs to provide notice to users of credit information, like EMC, of their responsibilities under the FCRA. 15 U.S.C. § 1681e.
+The Court concludes that Plaintiff lacks standing to pursue relief under Section 1681e, either under subsection (a) or subsection (d). Plaintiff’s own Declaration and the Exhibits attached thereto establish that PE obtained Plaintiff’s consent to conduct a background report. (See Marchioli Decl. at Ex. 4);(Id. at ¶ 13)(“As part of that process, I signed the Confidential: Request for Verification form that Pre-Employ[ ] asked [him] to sign.”) Further, there is nothing in the SAC from which the Court may infer that the report was procured for an impermissible purpose, which if adequately alleged, may operate to rescind the consent previously given. (See Kowalczyk Reply Decl. at Exs. A, B.) On those bases, Plaintiff cannot plausibly maintain that he suffered an invasion of his privacy. As to his asserted informational injury, there is nothing in this section that imposes a duty on CRAs to provide consumers with certifications or notices provided to users. On these allegations, the Court cannot discern what information was in PE’s possession that Plaintiff did not receive, yet claims he was entitled to. Plaintiff fails to explain why PE’s alleged failure to provide EMC with notice of its responsibilities under the FCRA caused the deprivation of his privacy or any statutory right to information. Plaintiff’s asserted injuries, therefore, cannot be fairly traced to PE’s alleged violation of its certification or notice requirements. Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 738 (1984). Thus, this claim fails. Accordingly, the Court GRANTS PE’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s FCRA claim brought under Section 1681e subsections (e) and (d).
+B. EMC’s Motion to Strike and PE’s Motion to Dismiss Plaintiff’s UCL Claim
+1. Section 425.16
+*14 California Civil Procedure Code section 425.16 (“Section 425.16”) permits a defendant to bring an anti-SLAPP motion to dismiss certain state law claims. Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.16. Section 425.16(g) “provides that the filing of an anti-SLAPP motion automatically stays all further discovery until the court rules on the motion.” Id. at 846. It mandates that courts consider first “whether the defendant has made a threshold showing that the challenged cause of action is one arising from protected activity,” and “[i]f the court finds such a showing has been made, it then determines whether the plaintiff has demonstrated a probability of prevailing on the claim.” Equilon Enterprises v. Consumer Cause, Inc., 29 Cal. 4th 53, 67 (2002). With respect to the second inquiry under Section 425.16, the Ninth Circuit has held that in order to establish the probability of prevailing, “the plaintiff must show that the complaint is both legally sufficient and supported by a sufficient prima facie showing of facts to sustain a favorable judgment if the evidence submitted by the plaintiff is credited.” Kearney v. Foley & Lardner, LLP, 590 F.3d 638, 648 (9th Cir. 2009). The Court previously held that EMC’s hospital peer review process constitutes an “official proceeding” under Section 425.16 so it need not repeat that analysis here. (Order at 6.) The Court discusses Plaintiff’s probability of prevailing on his UCL claim below.
+2. UCL
+Plaintiff alleges that “Defendants committed unlawful, unfair, deceptive, or fraudulent business practices in the form of FCRA violations.” (SAC ¶ 44.) The California Unfair Competition Law (“UCL”) prohibits “any unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business act or practice and unfair, deceptive, untrue or misleading advertising.” Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200. “Violation of almost any federal, state or local law may serve as the basis for a UCL claim.” Clerkin v. MyLife.com, Inc., No. C 11– 00527 CW, 2011 WL 3607496, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 16, 2011). Since Plaintiff’s UCL claim is predicated on the insufficiently pled FCRA violations, this claim must also fail. Plaintiff faces a higher evidentiary burden under Section 425.16 than he does under Rule 12(b)(6). Flatley v. Mauro, 39 Cal. 4th 299, 335 (2006) (stating that if the evidence attached in support of EMC’s Motion defeats an element of Plaintiff’s claim then the Anti-SLAPP Motion will be granted). Thus, the Court concludes that Plaintiff fails to demonstrate a probability of prevailing on his state law claim to defeat EMC’s anti-SLAPP motion. Accordingly, as to Plaintiff’s second cause of action under the UCL, the Court GRANTS EMC’s motion to strike and PE’s motions to dismiss, and DENIES EMC’s motion to dismiss this claim as MOOT.
+C. Leave to Amend
+Defendants seek dismissal of Plaintiff’s SAC with prejudice. (See, e.g., PMTD at 9.) The Court declines to dismiss with prejudice and will afford Plaintiff one more opportunity to amend his SAC. The Court’s decision to dismiss the SAC with leave to amend is motivated by several factors. First, while curiously omitted from the SAC, Plaintiff’s Declaration alleges that EMC decided to terminate his employment “four days after Pre-employ’s erroneous statements about [his] supposed non-authorization to contact [his] former employers.” (Marchioli Decl. ¶ 15.) Plaintiff declares that he believes the adverse decision was based on the inaccuracies in PE’s credit report, yet he “never received any notice” of the adverse decision in time to correct the alleged inaccuracies. (Id. at ¶¶ 17, 18.)
+Section 1681b(b)(3)’s operative language provides that “in using a consumer report for employment purposes,” a person intending to take adverse action must issue notice. 15 U.S.C. § 1681b(b)(3)(A). These allegations could have been a violation of the FCRA, which requires that an employer wait “a sufficient amount of time before ... tak[ing] adverse action so that the consumer may rectify any inaccuracies in the report.” Williams v. Telespectrum, Inc., No. 3:05CV853, 2006 WL 7067107, at *5 (E.D. Va. Nov. 7, 2006). These allegations may also confer Article III standing by connecting the alleged technical violation of the FCRA with a sufficiently concrete informational injury. The Court could reasonably infer that had EMC provided Plaintiff with proper notice, he would have had the opportunity to rectify the alleged inaccuracies in PE’s report, thereby potentially preserving his chances of receiving staff privileges at EMC.
+*15 As to PE, Plaintiff alleges that PE failed to maintain reasonable procedures to ensure compliance with the FCRA, which could reasonably encompass proper safeguards against inaccuracies that are likely to affect a consumer adversely. Indeed, FCRA section 1681e(b) requires that “[w]henever a consumer reporting agency prepares a consumer report it shall follow reasonable procedures to assure maximum possible accuracy of the information concerning the individual about whom the report relates.” Ramirez v. Trans Union, LLC, 301 F.R.D. 408, 418 (N.D. Cal. 2014). Plaintiff allegedly expended substantial time and energy in reliance on his offer of employment that appears to have been reasonable in light of EMC’s alleged repeated assurances that his job position was secure. But for PE’s alleged inaccuracy in the report it provided to EMC, it is plausible that the credentialing process would not have been cut short. Inaccurate information on a credit report may give rise to a cognizable claim against a CRA if the information is “misleading in such a way and to such an extent that it can be expected to adversely affect credit decisions.” Gorman v. Wolpoff & Abramson, LLP, 584 F.3d 1147, 1163 (9th Cir. 2009).
+The Court, therefore, concludes that amendment may not be entirely futile, and will allow Plaintiff one more opportunity to amend. Contra Reddy v. Litton Indus., Inc., 912 F.2d 291, 296 (9th Cir. 1990). The Court cautions Plaintiff that his claims will be dismissed with prejudice if his amended complaint continues to lack sufficient factual allegations. Plaintiff’s amended complaint will certainly be dismissed with prejudice if it mimics his prior pleading practice of merely copying the statutory language of the FCRA without connecting each statutory privilege to a coherent theory of liability or concrete injury.
+IV. CONCLUSION
+Based on the foregoing, the Court GRANTS EMC’s and PE’s motions to dismiss, and DISMISSES Plaintiff’s FCRA claim, GRANTS EMC’s motion to strike and PE’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s UCL claim, and DENIES EMC’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s UCL claim as MOOT. Plaintiff shall file an amended complaint, if any, no later than July 14, 2017.
+IT IS SO ORDERED.
+All Citations
+Slip Copy, 2017 WL 7049527
+Marc Marchioli v. Pre-employ.com, Inc., Eisenhower Med. Ctr., et al., No. EDCV162305JGBDTBX, 2017 WL 7049527
+Who can pull a credit report and when can they pull it.
+1 post • Page 1 of 1
+- Site Admin
+- Posts: 11757
+- Joined: Tue Jul 26, 2005 4:15 am
+Marc Marchioli v. Pre-employ.com, Inc., Eisenhower Med. Ctr., et al., No. EDCV162305JGBDTBX, 2017 WL 7049527
+Postby Administrator » Mon Feb 25, 2019 11:38
+Look at all these little ass wipes who cry about Sanjaya winning. Awwwwww!!! Ain't my fault you dick faces are obsessed with American Idol and take it so seriously. I never watched American Idol until I found out there were losers who I could piss off by voting for the worst. Now I watch American Idol all the time and constantly try to vote for Sanjaya just to piss you tender hearted geeks off.
+And to all you people who wanna pursue litigation on Vote for the Worst, or Howard Stern. Kiss our asses!!!! Go form your own website and gain support for who you want to win. That's what we did and there's nothing you can do about it (except cry because it touches your core!)
+These are my favorite hate mail:
+I hope that whatever dream you people have, that there is someone who will destroy it just because they can. You have no right to screw up a lagitimate competition just to entertaian yourselves. You people rate right up there with child molesters. -Daniel
+Oh man!!! These people like this crack me up a "legitimate" contest.
+Why so much anger? Why start an email by cursing? Anyways, I bet she did not know that 30 million people watches this show. Out of those people watching are people from the music industry. If they are good enough they will get a contract. So her theory that they won't be discovered is bull. Also she didn't know that before the contestants see the "Three Stooges" they were screened. Many people were turn away who had the voice for people who didn't. So American Idol plays their games, we play ours. I won't even comment on the hit list comment.
+Is this our friend Katie that wrote that America's forefathers would be disgusted about this site. If Sanjaya doesn't want to be there he could of just quit the show.
+The creator of this site is a MARKETING GENIUS!!!
+You guys must just sit back and have to pinch yourselves.
+The real beauty is all the blog boy's and girl's that are here crying day after day saying how your site sucks.. If so, why are they here? LMAO
+Great job!!! Way to GO!!
+I LOVE THIS SITE AND GOD BLESS THE OWNERS!!!
+YOU GUYS RAWK!!! Go SANGAY!!!
+PS: You guys are helping people so much by this site. Just think of the overweight, un-popular girl who now HAS FINALLY STOPED EATING!!!
+Now maybe she may find a friend other then Ben & Jerry's CHUNKY MONKEY!
+YOU GO GIRL, NEVER EAT AGAIN!! That will do it and SAN-GAY will LOVE YOU!
+-Daniel
+I don't understand what good you think you're doing. There is a very simple solution to your animosity; if you don't like the show and what's going on...DON"T WATCH!!! What you and all of your "followers" are doing to this poor boy is terrible. You are in fact doing the same thing to him that you claim "Idol" producers are - exploiting him! You're setting this poor boy up for a life of therapy. I hope the next time you need a serious operation performed, you will give America a list of surgeons and we can vote for the worst!!! The outcome will be the same as what your doing to Sanjaya - messing with the outcome of his life!!! He should just go out next week dressed in a chicken suit, doing a chicken dance and sing "Old McDonald had a farm." No matter how awful his performance, your "followers" and yourself will put him through, which will once again dismiss someone with real talent.
+-Shea
+... careful what you wish for ... some people wish they had their 15 minutes back ... this is early still (less than 3 years) ... you may be laughing at the large amount of people you have annoyed ... we are waiting for the REAL story ... which will be all about you ... A tip for when the real story comes out ... save every penny you ever get ... you will see the irony in this. Have you ever heard ... do unto others as you would .... what goes around comes around. The outcome is what you will be known for. We know there is a Class Action Lawsuit being put together right now by some people with really deep pockets. Good Luck ... the real story is about to begin ... and is has an ironic ending. You never sent us the info on that LAW SUITE ... we really hope it is near your place. you are admired by millions ... keep those people close to you.
+-It's Over
+Sanjaya looks like the backside of a lame lazy Llama lingering lethargically through the garganteous grueling gobi desert. His voice is worse than william hung huffing helium humming hmong hymns!! Get this rat
+the fuck off! It's not that I care too much but I like to watch the show and literally can't stand to look at or hear him!! I'll rip the beak off that buzzard!!!
+-Jeff
+Let me start off by saying that I love you site and I read it almost every day now to listen to all the teeny boppers complain, it brings much joy to my life.... I know I am disturbed. Anyway, I just read a post by a "Katie" talking about the men and women fighting to defend our rights and a wild guess on what the forefathers would make of this site. I am in fact one of those members who is currently serving his country, I am active duty and have been in for 13 years. I have spent more years in the gulf since the first war than most of the people writing in to bash the site have most likely been alive. I work in a unit of roughly 725 people and I have now made it my hobby to get them ALL to vote for this kid, last week my friends and I casted well over 3000 votes between us, every week that he makes it through and not even bottom 3 I can't help but laugh and it just fuels the fire for these rants, we love it. As far as democracy goes, this is probably the best example of how a democracy works. You pick a candidate, back him and campaign for votes. Our fore fathers would be proud. I love what you are doing, keep up the good work and I salute you all!!!
+-Dash
+I am one of the thousands of Americans sitting over here in Iraq with nothing better to do than win Iraqi hearts and minds to the wackiness that is American culture. I agree, conditions over here suck for a lot of folks, and not knowing if you are going to see tomorrow causes a little stress. However, I would not call VFTW a meaningless cause. If there is one thing that keeps a soldier from dwelling on his possible demise, it is increased morale through diversions. There are several of us who watch AI weekly thanks to Armed Forces Network, and believe me when I say that watching that little freak perform each week boosts my morale to almost the same level as hearing my wife's and son's voices on the phone. Everybody should do their part to "support the troops". I applaud all the groups who have sent care packages and letters of support; I also applaud VFTW's efforts for keeping this slice of Baghdad in stitches. Keep Sanjaya in for the sake of the troops!!
+-Mike
+Hey, love the site. My wife hates it. We're both idol fans. She asked me a few weeks ago why I was plugging my laptop into the phone line. I told her I was about vote for the worst and that I was using dialidol to vote for Antonella and Sundance. She called me queer and thought nothing of it. When they were
+booted off, she proceeded to mock me and the site. I told her Sanjaya was now the golden boy, which didn't faze her because of how terrible he is. When Sanjaya survived last week, she blew it off because he was in the bottom 3. I told her how Stern is backing him, she didn't care. Last night, when Sanjaya was safe again, she became enraged and started screaming at me. "WHY ARE YOU DOING THIS, YOU'RE RUINING THE SHOW, THEY'RE RUINING THE SHOW, IF HE WINS THEY'RE GOING TO CANCEL NEXT SEASON, ON AND ON AND ON..." Whoa, she sounded just like those dumb fucks in your mail bag. I couldn't stop laughing at her. I told her to stfu and that it was just a stupid TV show. She responded with "next week, I'm hiding your laptop".
+-Doug
+You guys can vote for who you want--that's none of my business. But what really gets me though, is that what you guys are doing is ruining very talented people's chances of fullfilling their dreams that they have sacrificed for and dreamed of for so long, by swaying the vote. It is just really, really wrong. I won't pretend that I was in love with Stephanie or Brandon but BOTH of them had a rare talent and DID NOT DESERVE TO BE KICKED OFF FOR YOUR ENJOYMENT. Again, IT IS JUST SO WRONG AND DECEITFUL. You guys are undermining the purpose of American Idol and besides, do you think that people would actually WANT to watch Sanjaya in a concert tour and listen to his album?? I really hope that the producers of American Idol find out a way to get around scheming people like yourselves.
+-Meg
+Yes, its official, I am a huge fan, your site rocks. I was never a fan of AI - way too cheesy for me, but I became even less of a fan after my friend who has a voice like an angel, was put at the "wrong table" as you mention on your site, as was never even give a chance to go further. when she finished singing, the whole place was on their feet applauding, and couldnt believe wasn't even given a chance, while aweful singers advanced. I have since believed that this show is not about finding talent, but the best entertainment reality TV can buy. Which is fine, its a free county, but don't pass it off as a talent search/competition. Yeah, whatever. I will be voting weekly for Sanjaya, hoping Simon keeps his promise and does leave if he wins -then maybe AI will leave too, lol! It has long overstayed it's welcome. Here's hoping..................... Keep up the good work!
+-Angela
+I swear, if this crap gets Blake voted off the show i will freak out. By voting for the one who sucks you are ruining it for everyone else because the people they like are leaving. Grow up a bit people, it's just a show. You don't have to go all rebel just to "prove your point" that the american idol people pick the wrong auditioners. WE KNOW THEY DO!!!!! but this is just dumb. really.
+-Joann
+Vote the worse.com is about as stupid as it comes. Now say this guy makes it to the top, what then when he can’t even sell a CD? So it’s really not that smart to vote the worse when the best has worked their butts off to make it into the business. This site needs to stop ASAP and try to be more productive…..
+-Pat and Jim
+You are a total idiotic moronic jackass for starting this crap. You get your jollies because you never did anything with your life so you're a computer geek, started a website and try to convince other idiots to keep the worst singer alive on the most popular show in the history of television. Obviously you could care less about Sanjaya or you wouldn't allow him to continue to make an ass of himself each and every week. So, either you don't have a life and you actually think you're "cool" by doing this or you have some other unknown reason. Either way, grow up, accept the fact you're a loser and don't be a hater of the greatest show in the history of television. If you don't like the show, don't watch it. And don't start letting your head get any bigger than it is just because Howard Stern publicly is backing your website and what it is doing. Despite the billion dollars he's worth, he's a no-talent jackass like you. Then again, what's the saying, misery enjoys company?
+-Andy
+I can't believe that because of scum like you a retarded monkey with flees got a recording contract. You are the joke here not what you are doing.
+-Kenneth
+I just have to say that the continued effort you have set up here is amazing. This show is one of the most shallow, pointless beauty contests ever to appear on television, and I am incredibly glad someone had the sense of humor and foresight to organize a resistance to mess with the network and producers of the program. The letters from the 13-year old girl fans of the show stating that you are wasting your time, followed immediately by the statement that they are planning to attend an organized protest of your website in support of some bland pop culture archetype that Paula Abdul thinks should win the "prestigious" title are in my opinion the greatest form of encouragement to keep going strong and voting for the worst. As for the matter of lawsuits, I would love to see the charges they come up with against you. This isn't a national election, this is just a way of determining whose video gets played once on MTV before they switch over to playing the videos of the blonder, whiter contestants of the season. Keep sending in those votes, I hope Sanjaya wins and that chick starves to death.
+(If you do end up posting this somewhere, I'd appreciate it if you didn't include my email. I'd rather not get flamed by 75 million ugly girls with myspaces. Thanks.)
+-Dan
+I now have a reason to vote! My wife and daughter drive me crazy watching and discussing American Idol all week long. They flippin' Tivo this thing and rewatch it. They don't find it funny that I am now a VFTW participant. Always a pleasure to support a worthy cause.
+-Sean
+I just wanted to commend you on what a fantastic job you are doing here! The show is completely rigged. I auditioned for AI a couple of years ago with some friends. We all have extensive music backgrounds (we all sang in our college choir, at open mics, and even have had vocal training) and none of us got accepted to the next round. You know who did? Some girl wearing a tye-dye outfit, some guy who wore spikes made out of duct tape, and some pretty lousy singers that i could hear at the table next to me. If the producers want bad singers on the show, why can't one of them win the whole prize???? They, after all, deserve it. That'll teach the execs for thinking about the green instead of talent. I don't watch the show anymore, and I don't vote, but I completely support what you and Howard Stern are doing. So bravo to you, and may the worst singer win that God-awful show!
+-Robin
+YOU HAVE MADE A TOTAL MESS OF AMERICAN IDOL... INSTEAD OF TRULY ADMIRING THESE YOUNG PEOPLE FOR THEIR TALENT....YOU INSISIT ON GLAMOURIZING THOSE THAT SHOULD NEVER EVEN OPEN THEIR MOUTH....DOESN'T SAY MUCH FOR AMERICANS!!! I THINK AND HOPE THEY SUSPEND AMERICAN IDOL .... TILL voteworst@yahoo.com GETS A LIFE AND PICKS UP ANOTHER HABIT LIKE SAVING THE WORLD OR CONQUERING LITTER.... THANKS FOR MAKING A GREAT SHOW A TOTAL SHAMBLES. P.S. although it really doesn't matter who wins, because the strong ones will indeed surpass IDOL status and go on to do wonderfully....UNLIKE YOUR HERO TAYLOR HICKS....DOLT OF THE YEAR :( BUT I GUESS WE HAVE YOU TO THANK FOR THAT.....
+-Silvana
+Fine! Screw you! I am not going to support Sanjaya anymore since you will not post anything I write. You only print the stupidest letters you receive- they're not even coherent. So that's about 600 fewer votes that Sanjaya will receive next week. I hope you're okay with that. I can't believe this is the thanks I get for helping you guys get Sanjaya onto the tour. I am not even going to visit the site anymore. Besides Professor Chan is an unfunny douchebag!
+-Hayley __________________________
+Rating: 0
+# JS SAFE 2.0 [121]
+> You...
+This challenge gives us a single HTML file which shows an input box representing
+a key and an ominous spinning cube (presumably the safe it opens).
+To get the flag, we need to reverse engineer the code to figure out what
+passphrase will unlock the safe. When we try to enter some arbitrary text, the
+page will give us a big red `Access Denied` error.
+## Initial Analyses
+Before we can properly work on solving the challenge, we need to do a bit of
+intel gathering. How is the locking code implemented? What protections has the
+developer put in place to stop us from simply reading the password?
+First off it runs in a browser so it's probably JavaScript, but CSS 3 is Turing
+Complete so you never know. Lets dive into the code...
+At the top of the page we get a nice comment telling us pretty much everything
+we need to know. The safe is implemented in JavaScript and the developer has
+done their best to prevent it from being debugged. Anti debugging techniques are
+quite common among proprietary JavaScript libraries, because in this situation
+you are essentially selling your source code, and want to prevent one of your
+consumers from simply looking at your code, learning how you solved a certain
+problem, and then implementing it themselves and selling their version for a
+lower price.
+```html
+<title>JS safe v2.0 - the leading localStorage based safe solution with military grade JS anti-debug technology</title>
+```
+Then we get all the CSS styling and animations for the rotating cube, and at the
+very bottom we get the JavaScript for unlocking the safe. Some of the code is
+minified, so let's use the Atom beautifier to make it more readable.
+```html
+<script>
+function x(х) {
+ord = Function.prototype.call.bind(''.charCodeAt);
+chr = String.fromCharCode;
+str = String;
+function h(s) {
+for (i = 0; i != s.length; i++) {
+/* --snip-- */
+}
+return chr(b >> 8) + chr(b & 0xFF) + chr(a >> 8) + chr(a & 0xFF)
+}
+function c(a, b, c) {
+for (i = 0; i != a.length; i++) c = (c || '') + chr(ord(str(a[i])) ^ ord(str(b[i % b.length])));
+return c
+}
+for (a = 0; a != 1000; a++) debugger;
+x = h(str(x));) {}
+}
+</script>
+<script>
+function open_safe() {
+keyhole.disabled = true;
+password = /^CTF{([0-9a-zA-Z_@!?-]+)}$/.exec(keyhole.value);
+if (!password || !x(password[1])) return document.body.className = 'denied';
+document.body.className = 'granted';
+/* --snip-- */
+}
+function save() {
+/* --snip-- */
+}
+</script>
+```
+The code doesn't look too bad, it's pretty short, there are only a few functions,
+and the developer was nice enough to use `ord`, `chr`, and `str` to make it
+easier for us to understand what's going on.
+When we enter some input into the safe it gets checked against a regex to make
+sure it's in the form `CTF{some ascii here}`, and then the part between the
+curly braces gets passed to the `x()` function. If the return value of `x()`
+evaluates to `true`, then we know we have the right password.
+Inside of `x()`, there are a few helper functions. First we have `h()` which
+transforms our input into a 4 character string. The exactly implementation
+doesn't really matter, we just treat it as a hash function which generates 4
+character hashes. We also have `c()` which appears to be doing a repeating key
+xor.
+There is also an interesting variable called `source` which is assigned to a
+regex literal containing a bunch of unicode characters. This is passed to the
+xor function in a few places, so it looks like there are some goodies hidden
+inside which the developer is trying to hide from us.
+**Summary**
+Functions:
+* open_safe - Opens the safe
+* save - Saves data to localStorage if the safe is open
+* x - Takes a password and tells us if it's correct
+* h - Generates a 4 character hash
+* c - Computes a repeating key xor
+Other objects of interest:
+* source - Some bytes probably containing the key, but "encrypted" by `c()`
+## *Anti* Anti Debug
+One of the ways we could try to solve this challenge is to add a bunch of
+`console.log()` printouts throughout the code to gain some insight into
+intermediate values. For example, if we can print out the the xor key used
+to decrypt the bytes of `source` or better yet, print the result of that xor,
+we would be a lot closer to getting the flag.
+However, if we try this, the first thing we'll notice is that when the developer
+tools are open, JavaScript execution will pause whenever it reaches a `debugger`
+statement. And unfortunately the code will do this 1000 times during `x()`.
+```JavaScript
+for (a = 0; a != 1000; a++) debugger;
+```
+Well that's easy enough to deal with. We can just delete (or comment out) the
+loop and refresh the page. Now we can try to print out the value of the xor key
+after it is calculated.
+```JavaScript
+x = h(str(x));
+console.log("xor key is:", x)
+```
+We see some unicode characters printed out, but after a few seconds our
+computer fans start to spin up and we get an alert that the tab is not
+responding. We also notice that the debug output which was present in the
+original, never happens.
+If we look closer at the code we will notice that this is happening because of
+the modified `toString` function which is applied to `source`. It appears that
+when `source` is printed, it should decrypt itself first, however, the xor
+function (`c()`) is expecting the input to have a `length` attribute, which is
+not defined for regex literals. As a result the for loop's condition
+(`i != a.length`) is always `true` and it gets stuck in an infinite loop.
+When we investigate what attributes actually exists for regex literals,
+we see that they have an attribute called `source` which is a string
+representation of the regex.
+So we can fix this little issue by using `source.source` instead. And now when
+we run the page again we see the decrypted value printed out as we would expect.
+```JavaScript
+source.toString = function() {
+return c(source.source, x)
+};
+```
+Hmmm... That still looks like garbage. Somehow we must not be using the correct
+xor key. Wait a second, the xor key that is being printed out now is different
+than it was before! We used the same test input, so what changed? Is the input
+being modified somewhere else that we haven't noticed? Lets do a search for all
+occurrences of `x` in the file.
+And now we notice something very strange. The function appears to take an
+argument which is also named `x`, however it isn't highlighted when we searched
+for 'x' in the file.
+When we copy and paste the parameter `х` into DuckDuckGo it brings up the
+Wikipedia page for the Cyrillic letter Kha
+[]().
+Wow! The parameter is actually just a unicode character which looks exactly the
+same as the ascii character 'x' but is a completely different symbol in
+JavaScript. The xor key is not being generated from our input, but instead is
+the result of hashing the string representation of the whole function!
+That's why it changed when we modified the `toString` function. We also realize
+now, that beautifying the code in the first place would break the functionality
+of the safe. The good news is that all we have to do is calculate the hash of
+the original string representation of the minified function.
+We can grab a fresh copy of the file, open up the browser console on it, and
+call the hash function manually.
+Now, there are a few catches here. The first is that we need to paste in `h()`
+because it's only defined within the scope of `x()`. The second is much more
+profound and also a giant headache to figure out. Do you remember the
+debugger loop from earlier?
+```JavaScript
+for (a = 0; a != 1000; a++) debugger;
+```
+Notice that the variable it's using isn't `i` like the rest of the loops.
+It's actually `a`, which appears again inside the hash function. So in order to
+get the correct output, we need to set `a` to 1000 at the start of `h()`.
+Now that we have the key, we can finally figure out what secrets are hidden in
+the mess of the unicode regex. We can paste in the xor function and `source`
+regex and manually invoke the decryption.
+Great! We are almost there. It looks like `source` actually contains more valid
+JavaScript code which checks that the unicode `х` parameter from before is
+equal to the flag. Unfortunately the flag isn't in plaintext. Once again we have
+some encrypted unicode string which we need to decrypt first. Luckily it's just
+a multibyte xor, and we even know the key length.
+```JavaScript
+х==c('¢×&\u0081Ê´cʯ¬$¶³´}ÍÈ´T\u0097©Ð8ͳÍ|Ô\u009c÷aÈÐÝ&\u009b¨þJ',h(х))//᧢
+```
+Because we know that the key length is 4, we know that every 4th character has
+been xored with the same character from the key. For example if the key were
+`abcd` and the text were `01234567`, then `0` and `4` would get xored with `a`,
+`1` and `5` would get xored with `b` and so on. Therefore if we split the
+ciphertext into 4 parts, where we know that each part has been xored with the
+same character, we can solve each part separately by trying to xor it with every
+possible character, and evaluating whether the result looks like valid
+plaintext. The caveat is that we need to know something about the original
+plaintext, in order to evaluate if our candidates look valid. In our case we
+have the regex from `open_safe()` which we can test our candidates against.
+First we create a JavaScript file which we will run using NodeJS. We copy in the
+ciphertext and create our 4 single byte xor strings.
+```JavaScript
+cipher = '¢×&\u0081Ê´cʯ¬$¶³´}ÍÈ´T\u0097©Ð8ͳÍ|Ô\u009c÷aÈÐÝ&\u009b¨þJ'
+transposed = ['', '', '', '']
+for (let i = 0; i < cipher.length; i++) {
+transposed[i % transposed.length] += cipher[i]
+}
+console.log(transposed)
+```
+Output:
+`[ '¢Ê¯³È©³Ð¨', '×´¬´´ÐÍ÷Ýþ', '&c$}T8|a&J', 'ʶÍÍÔÈ ]`
+Then we solve each of the strings as a single byte xor against the regex from
+`open_safe()` and print any possible candidates.
+```JavaScript
+for (let i = 0; i < transposed.length; i++) {
+for (let j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
+xored = c(transposed[i], chr(j));
+if (/^[0-9a-zA-Z_@!?-]+$/.test(xored)) {
+console.log(i, xored)
+}
+}
+}
+```
+Output:
+```
+0 '_7RN5TNa-U'
+1 'B!9!!EXbHk'
+1 'N-5--ITnDg'
+2 '3v1hA-it3_'
+3 'x3O4n4-1b'
+```
+This looks very promising! Only the second string had more than one possible
+solution, so now we just need to pick one (or try both), and put the pieces back
+together. Since we know that the flag will probably be English text written in
+leetspeak, we guess that the second candidate is the correct one.
+```JavaScript
+chunks = ['_7RN5TNa-U', 'N-5--ITnDg', '3v1hA-it3_', 'x3O4n4-1b']
+flag = ''
+for (let i = 0; i < cipher.length; i++) {
+flag += chunks[i % chunks.length][Math.floor(i / chunks.length)]
+}
+console.log("CTF{" + flag + "}")
+```
+Output:
+`CTF{_N3x7-v3R51ON-h45-AnTI-4NTi-ant1-D3bUg_}`
+
+Cándido García Molyneux is a Spanish of counsel in the Brussels office of Covington & Burling. His practice focuses on EU environmental law, Spanish food and drug law, and international trade law. He advises clients on legal issues concerning environmental product regulation, chemical law, waste management, emissions trading, renewable energies, energy efficiency, Spanish medicines and cosmetics rules, and international trade law and non-tariff trade barriers.
+Mr. García Molyneux was actively involved in the legislative process resulting in the REACH Regulation for several companies and trade associations, and advises clients on the impact of the new regime, including in particular the implications for downstream uses of chemicals. He was also very much involved in the legislative process that led to the revision and amendment of the ETS Directive. Chambers Europe (2012) notes that "the 'brilliant' Cándido Garcia Molyneux assists companies and trade associations with diverse legal and policy issues concerning waste management, REACH, climate change, environmental product regulation, cosmetics, fertilisers and energy efficiency." According to Chambers, "his work in relation to REACH and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme marks him out as an extremely promising member of the team."
+Mr. García Molyneux advises leading electronic manufacturers on EC waste legislation and in particular the Directives on the WEEE and RoHS Directives and their implementation in Member States. Recent matters handled include:
+Mr. García Molyneux also advises companies on EC chemical law and in particular the REACH Regulation. Recent matters handled include:
+Recent matters on emissions trading and clean energy include:
+Recent matters on Spanish food and drug law include:
+Recent international trade law matters include:.
+December 6, 2016, Inside Energy & Environment
+Last week the European Commission presented an extensive package of legislative proposals (“Clean Energy Package”) that are intended to achieve and implement the European Union’s climate change and clean energy targets for 2030: a 40% cut of CO2 emissions, a share of 27% for renewable energies, and energy savings of 30%. The package presents both … Continue ... 25, 2016, Inside EU Life Sciences. According to the CJEU, the information that must be disclosed ...
+August 31, 2016, Inside Energy & Environment
+The EU recently published a Guidance on Compliance Criteria on Environmental Claims (“Environmental Claims Guidance”). The Guidance is intended to support economic operators and EU Member State enforcement authorities in their application and implementation of the principles of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (“UCP Directive”) to self-declared ... 14, 2016, Law360
+December 17, 2015, Inside Energy & Environment
+The European Commission has adopted a Circular Economy Package (“Package”) intended to create a single market for the reuse of materials and resources. The policy initiatives discussed in the Package will impose on companies manufacturing or marketing goods in Europe additional eco-design, waste take back, and other producer responsibility requirements. Some ... 11, 2015, Inside Energy & Environment
+Yesterday, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) held that the obligations on importers to notify the European Chemicals Agency (“ECHA”) and on suppliers to inform customers under the REACH Regulation apply to each of the articles contained in a complex article and not only to the complex article as a whole. The … Continue Reading 24, 2015, REACH: Legal Implications and Supply Chain Strategies - ...
+June 9, 2015, Inside Energy & Environment
+Climate change was high in the agenda of the G7 Summit that concluded in Germany yesterday. After years of failing to agree on a binding global action plan to limit the impact of climate change, the seven most industrialized countries of the world expressed their strong determination to reach a deal at the COP 21 … Continue Reading
+June 9, 2015, Global Policy Watch
+May 5, 2015, The EU and China: Reform and Governance
+April 17, 2015, 2015 Annual Conference on European Environmental Law, ERA Academy of European Law
+April 16, 2015
+March 11, 2015, Inside Energy & Environment
+The Council of Environment Ministers of the European Union has approved the EU’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (“INDC”) in anticipation of the COP 21 of the UNFCCC in Paris in December 2015. At COP 21, the UNFCCC contracting parties are expected to agree on a new international legal agreement on climate change to be implemented … Continue Reading
+March 4, 2015, Inside Energy & Environment
+Recently, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) held that EU Member States are not obliged to require an environmental impact assessment for all exploratory drillings. However, the Court’s decision can also be interpreted as requiring Member States to demand such impact assessment if the drillings can be classified as “deep drillings” and, … ... … ...
+December 23, 2014, Global Policy Watch
+For those who are interested in the rules of decision making and legislative advocacy in the European Union (“EU”), this year Santa arrived early to the hills of Luxembourg. On December 18, Advocate General Jääaskinen rendered his Opinion on a legal challenge of the Council of the EU against the European Commission, where for the … Continue Reading
+June 25, 2014, REACH: Implications and Supply Chain Strategies 2014
+May 8, 2014, Inside EU Life Sciences
+The attached presentation on the New EU Rules on Articles Treated with Biocidal Products was presented at the Annual Conference on European Food Law 2014 of the Academy of European Law , Trier, on May 5, 2014. The slides discuss the new rules for treated articles of the EU Biocidal Products Regulation, the evolving Commission’s interpretation on complex … ...
+May 1, 2014, Environmental Law Institute
+January 30, 2014, Fracking and the Law
+November 12, 2013, Science and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) at the European Parliament
+October 25, 2013, Inside EU Life Sciences
+This post was originally published as a Covington E-Alert Very recently, the General Court of the European Union held that European institutions and agencies (e.g., European Commission, ECHA, EFSA, EMA) must disclose to the public, upon their request, information on the impurities and composition of substances emitted into the environment even if this may affect ...
+October 25, 2013, Covington E-Alert
+August 30, 2013, Inside EU Life Sciences
+Originally posted as Covington E-Alert on August 30, 2013 As of September 1, 2013, the new rules of the EU Biocidal Products Regulation apply to goods manufactured in, or imported into, the European Union and European Economic Area (“EU/EEA”).[1] The Regulation imposes new approval, labeling and disclosure requirements on goods (i.e., substances, mixtures, ...
+August 30, 2013, Covington E-Alert
+June 26, 2013, REACH: Legal Implications and Supply Chain Strategies 2013 Conference, Brussels
+June 19, 2013, Inside EU Life Sciences
+EMA has published a draft guideline on the use of phthalates as excipients in human medicinal products. The guideline establishes new Permitted Daily Exposure (“PDE”) values for the following phthalates that are among the most commonly used as excipients in medicinal products: dibutyl phthalate: 0.01 mg/kg/day diethyl phthalate: 4 mg/kg/day polyvinyl acetate ...
+2013, European Journal of Risk Regulation … Continue ...
+October 23, 2012, Covington E-Alert
+June 26, 2012, REACH: Legal Implications & Supply Chain Strategies 2012
+August 15, 2011, Inside EU Life Sciences
+Article originally published in EuroWatch on August 15, 2011 The Council of the European Union has adopted a position at First Reading on a proposal for a Regulation on Biocidal Products that would impose new requirements on goods treated with biocidal products (“Council First Reading”).1 The new rules would apply to a wide variety of … Continue Reading
+August 15, 2011, EuroWatch
+August 1, 2011, Covington E-Alert
+June 6, 2011, Annual Conference on European Environmental Law 2011
+June 1, 2011, The European Sustainable Chemicals Management Conference 2011
+May 17, 2011, CEFIC 8th Legis Workshop
+April 5, 2011, Inside EU Life Sciences
+Originally published as Covington E-Alert in April 2011 THE REACH REGULATION AND SUBSTANCES OF VERY HIGH CONCERN The European Union’s Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (“REACH Regulation”) requires the European Chemicals Agency (“ECHA”) to identify so-called Substances of Very High Concern ...
+April 2011, Covington E-Alert
+March 24, 2011, REACH in Practice Conference
+February 24, 2011, Covington E-Alert
+January 19, 2011, REACH: Legal Implications & Supply Chain Strategies Conference 2011
+2011, The Encyclopedia of Sustainability: The Law and Politics of Sustainability
+November 17, 2010, Covington E-Alert
+November 2010, Regulatory Affairs Pharma) ...
+May 6, 2010, Medical Device Law & Compliance Forum
+March 22, 2010, Latest Developments in EU Risk Regulation: REACH, Nanotech and Pharmaceuticals
+2010/2011, PLC Cross-border Life Sciences Handbook
+January 2010, Food Packaging Bulletin
+October 2009, Chemical Watch European Business Briefing
+Spring 2009, Cosmetic and Personal Care Ingredients
+February 2009, Covington E-Alert
+2008/2009, PLC Cross-border Life Sciences Handbook
+January 2009, Covington E-Alert
+December 2008, Covington Advisory
+October 2008, Covington E-Alert
+September 2008, Covington E-Alert
+May 2008, Covington E-Alert ...
+March 2008, Covington E-Alert
+January 2008, International Contract Manual (Thomson)
+September 2007, Covington E-Alert ...
+February 2007, Covington E-Alert
+January 2007, Covington E-Alert
+April 2006, IPC/Soldertec International Conference
+2006, The Yearbook of European Environmental Law, Volume 6
+2006, The Yearbook of European Environmental Law, Volume 7
+December 2005, Conference on the Biocidal Products Directive IIR-Life Sciences
+April 2005, EDANA Absorbent Hygiene products Supply Chain Forum
+2005, The Yearbook of European Environmental Law, Volume 5
+December 2003, The EU Chemicals Policy Conference ECN and Weinberg Group, Brussels
+December 2003, London School of Economics
+September 2003, Second International Conference of Young Researchers on Food Law, University of Aix en Provence
+June 2003, The American Bar Association
+June 2003, American Bar Association Environmental Newsletter
+February 2003, The European Policy Center and the Weinberg Group
+December 2002, Japanese Machinery Center for Trade and Investment, Osaka and Tokyo
+June 2002, Japanese Machinery Center for Trade and Investment
+February 2002, Francis Snyder (Ed), Regional and International Regulation of International Trade, Oxford: Hart Publishing
+January 2002, Japanese Machinery Center for Trade and Investment
+November 15, 2001, Euro Watch
+September 2001, Japanese Machinery Center for Trade and Investment
+April 2001, The Conference Board, Europe
+February 2001, Oxford: Hart Publishing
+February 2001, EUROPEN, Taex Seminar
+January 17, 2001, BNA International Environmental Reporter
+January 2001, The Conference Board, Europe
+November 22, 2000, BNA International Environment Reporter
+Autumn 1999, European Law Journal
+May 1999, Center of European Studies of Macao
+.
+Now I’m hungry and thirsty. Have fun. Big hug to you and Diane. :)
+RennyBA
+So we count you in next year then! Hugs back from both us us. :)
+Ah, you should see me in my dirndl!!!!! I look positively “Bavarian”! Hubby also has lederhosen and we make quite the pair. What fun it looks like, Renny! And I love your hat!
+RennyBA
+Glad you know how it ‘taste’ like them – I’m sure you both looked great!
+And I’m sure they kept that huge beer stein full, didn’t they? LOL! ;-)
+The sausages and other food looks delicious, and I’m sure you all had a great time.
+Love and hugs,
+Diane
+RennyBA
+Yea, they poured the stein all the time :lol:
+It was – I just loved the food!
+Hugs back and wish you a great week.
+great music Renny…and I love the hats :)
+RennyBA
+Glad you liked it Kim… and the hats too :)
+here, oktoberfest just got longer celebration for 120 days! lots of beer on day one. hope to meet you over a bottle or two of beer someday :P
+RennyBA
+Woooow, what a long celebration!
+I do agree: One day we just have to meet :P
+Oh I remember a friend of mine was in Germany during Oktoberfest, and for some reason he felt very ill the next day…
+Interesting photos and everyone looks as if they’re enjoying themselves. Skol!
+RennyBA
+I’m sure he had a great time, but of course the day after is a bit hard :)
+Glad you enjoyed. Skål or maybe Prost!
+PLEASE PLEASE don’t talk about TRADITIONAL GERMAN clothes ! they are NOT ! It’s only Bavarian. If you tell that to the rest of Germany especially from Hamburg and Berlin, they will kill you, lol !! It gets on our nerves that wherever you go Germans are represented with Bavarian customs !!
+RennyBA
+Thanks for letting me know and pointing this out Gattina – I’ve updated!
+OooOOOoooOOoooh darn it! I WISH the mail would hurry UP and DELIVER me!!!!!!!! That beer looks delicious and my cups are so PARCHED!
+:)
+RennyBA
+This is a typical occasion where I’m missing you – so I run to the mailbox every morning!!!!
+My first Oktoberfest was in the US while in college! I have been to the real one in Munich although I don’t drink beer ( anymore, a college-years’ side effect!!).
+I am married to a German but I have never seen him or his family wearing those clothes! Like Gattina mentioned above, it’s only in Bavaria and that’s a small part of the country , in the “deep South” – they make themselves very noticeable as they aren’t shy!
+RennyBA
+Woow, been to the real one: bet it was fun even if you don’t drink beer.
+I’m glad Gattina made me aware of that and have updated of course!
+Yes with globalisation Oktoberfest is celebrated all over the world not just in Germany.
+I remembered I attend the festival in Munich during my honeymoon (1990) and it was so interesting to be sitting in the pub with all the drinking and merry-making. Absolutely fantastic.
+Have a good time Renny :D
+RennyBA
+So you’ve been to the real one too – sounds like you had a great time too.
+You too Shionge :D
+Great post Renny – as always,
+Thanks for the history lesson.
+Best regards, Edgar (pictured above)
+RennyBA
+Thanks Edgar, your a great colleague and always so supportive.
+i grew up in a heavily german areaand my family is german but oktoberfest was not something we observed. i think it became more popular in areas that thought they could draw tourists with it. well, that and the german settlers in my home area came over about a century before the first oktoberfest as well so it’s not a celebration they’d have brought with them. also, because of WW2 and not wanting to be seen as nazi sympathizers, the german heritage was very much downplayed in the 20th century until around the time I was a child. i did not know when the first oktoberfest was or why it happened until i read this post so i have learned something today. thanks!
+RennyBA
+Thanks so very much Lime, for sharing your experience and very interesting observation. It really enriches the subject in this post and I learned something too!
+Hey Renny,
+Very interesting! You advised us to noticed the way Oktoberfest was written: I did, Oktober = October, Fest= feast (I am learning Deutsch)..so it wasn’t too hard to understand :).
+You guys did have fun, I can tell by the photos :D!
+The only thing I’d eat from that plate is the sauerkraut, since I don’t eat pork.
+You ask if I have ever participated in a festival from another country, well yes, when I participated in the Expo’08 here in Lisbon – I worked in the Mozambican pavilion and participated in their Expo festivities. I also went to Senegalese and Nigerian feasts there…it was interesting, but I was a bit disappointed because they didn’t bring their food, only art objects and such and theatre plays.
+I also went to a Spanish feast once where I tasted several dishes: paella, clams with herbs, their tortillas, their several plates done with eggs (they use a lot of eggs) etc…
+Thanks for having taken me down the memory lane! :D
+Cheers
+RennyBA
+Yea, and you know what: Its spelled the same way in Norwegian where fest means ‘party’.
+Thanks for sharing your experience too – great examples of that we are sharing traditions from all over the world as the world is getting smaller, day by day.
+Your welcome Max! :D
+That looks like great fun! It wasn’t until I first ate at an authentic German restaurant how German influenced our family meals had been.
+RennyBA
+Good to know you are more aware of it now then and I think German food is great.
+I’m sure you had a blast, judging from the photos! I’d love to go to one in Bavaria. That really would be something! Oktoberfest is my kind of event! *giggles*
+What have you been up to else? I haven’t seen you in so long time now, had to check and yes: 5th of October was the last comment dated. So, you’re having really busy times and no time for us poor bloggers hah?
+RennyBA
+I do agree with you so maybe we should make a Oktoberfest together in Blogsphere!
+To all:
+I’m sorry!! The fall is an especially busy season so I haven’t had as much time as usual. Besides, I must admit I have been in a bit of a slump and have had a hard time finding inspiration. You may have noticed that my posts are not as often either. Other than that, I am fine!
+Nice hat, yummy food!
+It’s good to have something to brighten up October!
+RennyBA
+Your so right and of course we need refresher moving towards a colder and darker winter season. That’s why we’ve taken this chance to celebrate the harvest since the Viking period in Norway.
+Oktoberfest was last weekend in Waterloo (a couple hours away from Toronto). From what I hear, it’s the second largest Oktoberfest outside Germany.
+RennyBA
+Interesting. I know there is a lot of Germans in North America, so it makes sense.
+I hear that too Teena. Our town has a German Canadian Club and they used to do a huge festival right here. The whole town got involved. But now the German Canadian Club does a toned-down celebration.
+Now I miss Germany…… :(
+RennyBA
+Thanks for sharing from Canada too Lyn – hope they pick up the spirit again soon then.
+We have October festivals and harvest fests all over Arkansas. With singing, dancing, food, and games. Looks like you guys had a great time, and I really enjoyed learning about the real Oktoberfest!
+RennyBA
+Yea, Harvest Festivals are made everywhere and everyone makes fun in their own way. Glad you could learn something from my post too – that’s what aim for you know!
+I am really hungry and really thirsty now. It sounds like a great time.
+BTW, just a reminder, I still need the button up for the final SB approval.
+RennyBA
+Hope you have some nice to eat and drink at hand then :)
+The button is up now Mel.
+Am I there yet?!?! Maybe I got hijacked by one of the pesky Norwegian Beavers Speedy was telling me about!?!!?
+Yes Renny, even in Yulsa Oklahoma USA there is a German-American club and an Oktoberfest that grows every year with food, dancing, and lots of beer. A favorite is the Chicken Dance, do you know it? I will go next year and take pictures, it would make a nice post. Thank you for your wonderful blog.
+That looks like a lot of fun. I’ve never been to an Oktoberfest. Too much beer! ;-)
+Hej Renny! Been a while. Fantastic pictures! Those 1 liter beer mugs make me wanna grab a beer!
+We’ve had a few local Oktoberfests in Romania, but I think we’ve only kept the general idea (beer and lots of meat, with music), but adapted it to local preferences: different beer brands and dishes, little to no snaps. I’d like to go to the original celebration sometime soon. Or come to your version next year, it seems to stick very close to the true spirit of Oktoberfest.
+Glad to know that you are okay, albeit busy. This time of year just seems to become busier until after the holidays. Hope you have some time to slow down and enjoy it before the snow begins to fly!
+I wish I could have joined you for some of that food!! I just love Bratwurst and sourkraut!
+That looks like fun Renny! Good to see that you are always having fun. Anyway, I am back online but not yet back home in Norway. Take care always!
+Looks like a very fun party. By the way, love your pic in the beer cellar with the hat! IT suits you just swell. ;-)
+We are seeing OktoberFest in sunny Singapore too. I don’t drink, so it doesn’t make any difference.
+The young people are lapping it up. I attended an OktoberFest and it was fun with all the dancing and singing. I love the pork knuckles and sausages. yum yum
+I was already in Münich but not for Oktober fest But I remember the big Brauerei where I saw big Chopes of beer I had never seen before! I couldn’t imagine people could drink in so big glasses more than 1 l. Just I can say is that oktober fest is in the air all the year in Bavaria and I imagine the real atmosphere in Oktober!!!! Wouah!!! something to see! The sweinhaxe looks delicious!
+it looks like a really fun time! :) cute hats, renny!!!
+Yes, I’ve been to one where there is lots of polka dancing too. It was in Waterloo, a German part of Ontario near where I went to University and there was a LOT of beer!
+Dropping by to say hi!!
+Oktoberfest sounds like a good holiday to import — much better than Halloween, I might add, which seems to be on the wane in France.
+hi renny and diane… you sure have a lot of fun going on here… =)
+btw, just wanted to present you with this one:
+Here in our north Georgia mountains is a city called Helen that has Oktoberfest every fall in good German tradition. It’s a great, novel little town that loves to celebrate the German culture. We’ve been there but not during October because it’s too crowded—full of tourists!
+Hahaha…you look like Harry Potter with your hat ! ;-)
+That looks like a fun party…. beer flowing…sauerkraut and Wurst !
+I have just had a blond moment. I was reading and thought “oh, I have heard of Oktoberfest, but I thought it was in July…”
+Oktoberfest…Oktoberfest…Oktober…October… okay, gotcha! :lol:
+Why you don’t wear the “Lederhosen”…? LOL… you all looked great and it sounds like a lot of fun you had.
+I have a surprise for you: we are moving back to Switzerland, end of November, for some private and also economical AND political reasons. Just now we are selling all out stuff. The best thing is I will celebrate Christmas again with my kids after 7 years. :)
+RennyBA – you are allways where things happens;))
+Pingback:Websites tagged "oktoberfest" on Postsaver
+oh yeah..we were there yesterday..sad to say, no chance to go inside the beer tents…everything were full..but that was a very great experience..more updates later..have to take breakfast first…have a great sunday too Renny!
+will be posting phtos later in my other sites
+Symbols
+Buildings Index
+Butler Gym circa 1940s.
+The Butler Memorial Gymnasium is Saint Bonaventure
+University's oldest existing building. Opened in 1918, the Gym has served
+several functions in its eighty-three years, primarily operating as a
+center of intramural athletic activity. Newly renovated in 1999-2000,
+the gym has been brought back from the brink of destruction and now is an
+area for campus intramural games, as well a practice center for our
+various Division I athletic teams (Zekan). The basement houses an art
+studio/classroom for student art classes, including pottery and ceramics.
+The recent renovations have brought the original luster back to the
+building that was considered one of the finest athletic centers in the
+Western New York region at the time of its opening. The history of the Gym
+does not begin with its construction, however. Its history begins with its
+namesake, Father Joseph Butler.
+Fr. Joe became College Vice President (St.
+Bonaventure had not yet achieved University status) and went on to assume
+the role of College President in 1887. During his twenty-four year term as
+President, Fr. Joe focused on expanding the campus and building community
+spirit. His first building project was the construction of Alumni Hall
+(1887). The Hall was built with donations received from St.
+Bonaventure alumni. Fr. Joe had established the Alumni Association in 1880
+(Williams 4). Construction was completed in 1888 and the building soon
+became the center of student activities.
+During his term, Fr. Joe had the St.
+Bonaventure Monastery renovated and enlarged. The Friary was also
+tripled from its original size (Williams 4). On June 30, 1908, the New College
+Building, the main classroom building that Fr. Joe also had
+constructed, burned to the ground. By the fall of 1908, a new building was
+completed to replace the New College Building, Lynch Hall.
+In 1911, Fr. Joe began feel the effects of age and
+illness. He regretfully resigned his position as College President and
+prepared for his imminent passing. Fr. Joe, beloved by every student
+who knew him, died on July 25, 1911 at the age of seventy-two (Williams
+6).
+The college decided it wanted to construct a
+building that would be a "fitting memorial" to Father Joe's educational
+efforts and achievements ("The Joseph" 113). A gymnasium was decided upon
+because of Fr. Joe's encouragement of the young men's physical activity and
+sports. On June 6, 1915, ground was broken for the Butler Memorial
+Gymnasium. The site the building stands on was an apple orchard and the
+trees had to be cut down in order to begin construction ("The Joseph"
+114).
+By June of 1916, the concrete walls and foundation were in place. On June 21st,
+the cornerstone was laid and by Rt. Rev. Dennis J. Dougherty, D. D.,
+Bishop of Buffalo and later Cardinal Archbishop of Philadelphia. Students
+greatly anticipated the new building as progress became visible. However,
+due to labor disputes and to the World War in Europe, embargoes on
+necessary materials such as steel brought construction to a virtual halt
+in 1916 ("The Joseph" 114).
+By February 1918, the red brick Butler Memorial
+Gymnasium was ready for opening. The formal opening took place on Tuesday
+February 12th. Two evening basketball games were staged for the event
+("The Joseph" 115). Five days later, the building was blessed by His
+Excellency, Bishop John Mark Gannon of Erie, PA, president of the St .
+Bonaventure Alumni Association at the time ("The Joseph" 115). The Gym was
+a state of the art recreation center for its day. It housed a full sized
+basketball court, a swimming pool in the basement, a suspended running
+track on the second floor that wrapped around the building's inner
+perimeter, the college store, and was equipped with various sports
+equipment, locker rooms, and showers. The students finally had the
+recreation center they had long waited for. They made immediate use of its
+facilities--especially the swimming pool. The College also made use of the
+new building. The 1918 commencement exercises were held in the Gym, a
+tradition that would continue for years to come.
+US involvement in the first World War led
+Bonaventure to establish its own chapter of the Students Army Training
+Corps. The Students Army Training Corps is similar to the current ROTC
+program at St. Bonaventure. Headquarters were in Butler Gym under Colonel
+H.J. Goldman ("The Joseph" 116). Col. Goldman acted as commandant of the
+unit. Rooms on the first and second floors were used as offices by Col.
+Goldman and other officers. The basketball court was used as a drill floor
+and for lectures. Butler Gym soon acquired the nickname the "Armory"
+because of its use as a soldier training ground.
+For many years, Butler Gym was Bonaventure's primary
+sports center. It was the home of boxing matches, track meets, and the
+men's basketball team's home games. The Gym could seat 400-500 people.
+When Bonaventure's basketball team began to receive nationwide
+recognition home games were moved to the Olean Armory in 1946 to accommodate
+more people. Women's basketball teams used Butler Gym until 1973. A professional football team, the Pittsburgh Steelers,
+trained in the Gym during the summer from 1952-1957 (Collins). The Gym
+floor was used for lectures and the rooms on the first and second floors
+were used as offices for Johnny Unitas and his staff in the summer of
+1955.
+When the Reilly Center opened in 1967, Butler Gym
+was no longer the primary sports center on campus. The Reilly Center far
+exceeded the Gym in its facilities which include a basketball court, an
+Olympic sized swimming pool, and offices for Bonaventure's many sports
+teams. Due to the fact that Butler Gym was not the main sports center, it
+was used less often by students and proper maintenance was not kept up on
+its facilities.
+By 1974, the building had been used to house the
+campus police, a linen dispatch, and for women's recreation (Collins).
+University Vice President at the time, Dr. Nothem, considered turning
+the Gym into a professional building for business and education or faculty
+offices. The pool had been drained and its floor had a large crack four
+inches in width. One room had been used for theology and art classes and
+the sorority rooms on the second floor were empty. Other rooms were used
+to store old gym equipment and the basketball court was warped and thin
+(Collins). In 1977, Bonaventure received a grant of $125,000 to convert
+Butler Gym into a mass communications center. It was determined that it
+would take a total of $1million and two years to convert the Gym (Rucci).
+In September 1978, no definite plans had been set for the Gym yet although
+Habiterra Associates, contractors from Jamestown, agreed to do the
+renovations (Scotto). Offices were to be installed in the basement, a 360
+seat auditorium added on the second floor, and communication laboratories
+on the third floor. By May 1979, the renovations were still not underway
+and money was still needed to go through with the plans (Donahue 3).
+In September 1979, plans to convert the Gym into a
+mass communications center were thrown out after a two year battle. It was
+decided in October 1979 to renovate Butler Gym only for athletic use for
+three to five years. All of the windows except those in the front of the
+building on the north side were bricked up to prevent heat loss (Paria).
+Other minor changes were made to make the building suitable for use.
+Serious renovations would not be made on the Gym for another twenty years.
+By 1995, Butler Gym had become an eyesore to the
+campus. Many plans for the building were made and thrown away repeatedly
+and no major renovations were performed. The building was used mainly for
+intramural and pick-up games, and its running track (Cassara). Razing the
+building had been considered, but no real plans were in the works for it.
+The future of Butler Gym was uncertain.
+Finally, in May of 1999, eighty-one years after its
+opening, extensive renovations began on Butler Gym. It had been decided to
+salvage the building and intensive work went into restoring and improving
+it. $294,000 was spent on the renovations. This includes exterior masonry
+and front step repair, window replacement, painting the interior and steel
+work, roof repairs, a new gym floor, general floor repairs, a new running
+track floor, track railing improvements, restrooms, and electrical
+improvements (Zekan). The renovations were complete in the summer of 2000.
+Instead of being bricked up, Butler Gym now has
+large clear glass windows on every side that let in large amounts of
+natural light. The interior window trim is a shade of hunter green that
+matches the color of the steel support structure of the ceiling. The
+running track is covered with a burgundy carpet with a burgundy color
+railing surrounding the outside. The walls upstairs and down have been
+painted a soft cream color. The new gym floor and the new lighting make
+the entire building appear brand new. Intramural offices are now on the
+first floor. The other rooms are used primarily for storing gym equipment.
+The former pool in the basement is now filled in with gravel and cement. A
+wooden floor was laid and covered with a carpet. The former pool area is
+now an dance studio. The remaining area in the basement is used for
+student art classes.
+Butler Memorial Gymnasium is once more a fitting
+memorial to Fr. Joe. The recent renovations have put life back into
+Bonaventure's oldest building and have proven that Butler Gym has
+withstood the test of time.
+There are more pictures of Butler Gym on the Thomas
+Merton site.
+Last updated:
+07/01/10
+--Fr. Butler picture added
+STATE OF FLORIDA et al v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES et al
+Filing 96
+MOTION for Leave to File Brief Amici Curiae by American Hospital Association. (STETSON, CATHERINE)
+STATE OF FLORIDA et al v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES et al Doc. 96 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA PENSACOLA DIVISION STATE OF FLORIDA, by and through BILL McCOLLUM, et al., ) ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) ) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT ) OF HEALTH AND HUMAN ) SERVICES, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ___________________________________ ) Case No. 3:10-cv-91-RV/EMT Judge Vinson MOTION OF AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION ET AL. FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF AMICI CURIAE Pursuant to this Court's Order of June 14, 2010 ("Amicus Order"), the nation's six leading associations of hospitals and health systems--the American Hospital Association, Federation of American Hospitals, National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems, National Association of Children's Hospitals, Catholic Health Association of the United States, and Association of American Medical Colleges (the "Hospital Associations")--respectfully seek leave to file a joint brief amici curiae in the above-captioned case. The Hospital Associations' proposed brief meets the standard articulated by the Court. The Hospital Associations have "an interest that may be affected by the decision in this case," Amicus Order at 4, because their members provide much of the health care received by the nation's uninsured--tens of billions of dollars of uncompensated care per year--in fulfillment of the hospitals' community obligations. The Hospital Associations also have "unique information or perspective" beyond that offered by the parties, and accordingly their proposed brief "is desirable and relevant to the disposition of the case." Id. Most particularly, the Hospital Dockets.Justia.com Associations can shed light, through data and descriptions of real-world medical treatment decisions, on whether the uninsured Americans who will be affected by the individual mandate are engaged in relevant "activity"--a question this Court identified as "perhaps the most significant one" in the case. Docket No. 79 (Order & Mem. Op. at 63) (Oct. 14, 2010). For these reasons, leave to file the proposed brief should be granted.1 MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT I. THE HOSPITAL ASSOCIATIONS HAVE AN INTEREST THAT MAY BE AFFECTED BY THE DECISION IN THIS CASE. The proposed amici's interests will be demonstrably--and dramatically--affected by the decision in this case. The Hospital Associations' member hospitals and health systems provide much of the health care for Americans' millions of uninsured (and underinsured) patients, and the bulk of that care is unreimbursed. In 2008 alone, America's hospitals absorbed $36.4 billion in uncompensated care costs. This is a disturbing upward trend in uncompensated care, and Congress' attempt to reverse it through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("ACA") is precisely what is at issue in this litigation. 1. The Proposed Amici. The six proposed amici are, collectively, the voice of American hospitals and healthcare systems. The American Hospital Association represents the interests of nearly 5,000 hospitals, health care systems, networks and other care providers. The Federation of American Hospitals is the national representative of investor-owned or managed community hospitals and health systems, and as such speaks for hundreds of hospitals. The National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems is comprised of 140 of the nation's largest urban "safety net" hospitals and health systems--facilities committed to providing health Counsel for defendants stated that they take no position on any amicus brief proposed for filing in this case. Plaintiffs have adopted the same approach as to proposed briefs filed by any amicus other than a state. See Docket No. 85-1 (Nov. 8, 2010). 2 1 care services to all individuals without regard to ability to pay. The Catholic Health Association represents more than 2,000 members from all 50 states, forming the nation's largest group of nonprofit health care systems, hospitals, and long-term care facilities. The National Association of Children's Hospitals is a trade organization of 141 children's hospitals. And the Association of American Medical Colleges represents approximately 300 major nonfederal teaching hospitals and health systems and the clinical faculty and medical residents who treat patients there. 2. How Amici Are Affected. The six Hospital Associations represent the overwhelming majority of American hospitals and health systems, and their members come in all shapes and sizes--urban and rural; large and small; teaching, public, and children's hospitals; investor-owned and non-profit. But they have something in common: They dedicate massive resources to caring for the uninsured. The uninsured, after all, need--and seek out--health care like everyone else. And hospitals and related healthcare systems are often their best option. Nearly every hospital with an emergency department is required by law to provide certain emergency services to anyone, regardless of ability to pay. In addition, hospitals are committed to the well-being of their communities and offer substantial charity and community-benefit services. And even when an uninsured patient arrives planning to pay his or her own way, that patient may struggle to pay for an extended hospital stay. The upshot: America's hospitals absorbed $36.4 billion in uncompensated care for the uninsured and underinsured in 2008 alone--a figure double that of just a decade ago. The receipt of health care by the uninsured also has other significant ramifications for hospitals. Hospitals do all they can to help patients who walk in the door seeking care, and for uninsured patients, that includes determining whether they are eligible for financial assistance. Hospitals have charity-care programs in place to take care of those most in need without 3 recompense. For patients with greater means, hospitals have adopted procedures to help them understand and meet their financial obligations. These include financial counseling, financial assistance, sliding-scale payment policies, flexible payment plans, interest-free loans, and initiatives that help patients apply for grants and Medicaid. All of these initiatives advance hospitals' missions to serve the community and their patients--but all of them require substantial time and resources that add to the already massive costs hospitals absorb to treat the uninsured. In short, the participation of uninsured and underinsured patients in the healthcare market affects every aspect of hospital operations. That is precisely why this litigation and its outcome will have such a fundamental effect on the Hospital Associations and their members. The ACA represents a comprehensive effort to extend coverage to millions more Americans to make care available to patients in doctors' offices, clinics and other settings, keeping them out of emergency departments and hospitals unless they need to receive care there. For these reasons, the Hospital Associations and their members arguably will be more directly affected by the decision in this case than any other institutional group in the nation. II. THE HOSPITAL ASSOCIATIONS HAVE UNIQUE INFORMATION AND PERSPECTIVE BEYOND THAT OFFERED BY THE PARTIES. The Hospital Associations' proposed brief likewise "is desirable and relevant to the disposition of the case" because the Associations have "unique information or perspective" beyond that offered by the parties. Amicus Order at 4. The Associations can offer specific empirical data and real-world examples--from the perspective of the institutions that regularly provide care to patients, regardless of ability to pay--illuminating what the Court called "perhaps the most significant" question in the case: whether the individual mandate actually seeks to regulate "inactivity" in a way that past congressional enactments have not. Docket No. 79 at 63. Thus the Association's brief would explain exactly what sorts of relevant "activity" the 4 uninsured undertake--what healthcare services they seek, and when and in what quantities they seek them. It would explain how the decision made by some uninsured Americans to delay or forgo routine preventive care actually increases the amount, and the cost, of the care they need when an avoidable illness eventually brings them to the hospital. It would explain exactly what happens when an uninsured patient seeks health care: What processes are followed when the patient arrives at the hospital without coverage? How is financial assistance determined? And it would explain how the costs of caring for the uninsured are absorbed not just by hospitals but also by private insurers and taxpayers. These data are relevant both to the question whether Congress has sought through the ACA to regulate "inactivity" and to Congress' authority under Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005), to enact the individual mandate as part of its broader realignment of the nation's healthcare payment system The Hospital Associations likewise can offer unique perspective on a second key question presented by this case: whether the ACA's changes to the Medicaid program are so different in kind from previous Medicaid revisions that they amount to unlawful "coercion" of the participant states. The Hospital Associations have functioned in a constantly evolving Medicaid regime for more than four decades. They can assist the Court in assessing the parties' competing claims regarding the significance, and novelty, of the Medicaid adjustments ACA has prescribed. They also can explain the likely effects on healthcare providers of the holding the states seek--a holding that would give participant states an effective veto power over future congressional improvements to the Medicaid system. CONCLUSION The Hospital Associations have read and understand the requirements this Court articulated in the Amicus Order. They will strive to file a concise brief that avoids duplicating 5 the arguments advanced by the parties and that offers data and perspectives not currently before the Court. For these reasons, and those articulated above, the Hospital Associations ask that the Court grant leave to file the proposed brief amici curiae. Respectfully submitted, Melinda Reid Hatton Maureen D. Mudron American Hospital Association 325 Seventh Street, N.W., Suite 700 Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 638-1100 _/s/ Catherine E. Stetson____________________ Sheree R. Kanner Catherine E. Stetson* Dominic F. Perella Sara A. Kraner HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP 555 13th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 637-5600 Larry S. Gage President National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems 1301 Pennsylvania Ave N.W., Suite 950 Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 585-0100 Lisa Gilden Vice President, General Counsel/ Compliance Officer The Catholic Health Association of the United States 1875 Eye Street, N.W., Suite 1000 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202) 296-3993 Jeffrey G. Micklos Federation of American Hospitals 801 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Suite 245 Washington, D.C. 20004 (202) 624-1521 Lawrence A. McAndrews President and Chief Executive Officer National Association of Children's Hospitals 401 Wythe Street Alexandria, VA 22314 (703) 684-1355 Ivy Baer Karen Fisher Association of American Medical Colleges 2450 N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 828-0499 * Counsel for amici curiae Counsel of record November 11, 2010 6
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+Our Guest Wesley & Stacy Campbell
+Sid: We want everyone everywhere to be so shaking red hot for the Messiah; ablaze with the Spirit that you become normal. Not religious, not just pharisaical, not just a two hour a week Christian when you are in church unless it’s seeker sensitive and then it’s one hour a week but 24-7. If there’s ever been a time to become normal it’s now. Now I have two normal Christians on the phone Wesley and Stacy Campbell. And Wesley had three generations of Plymouth Brethren where they believe the gifts passed away, they had head coverings, they didn’t allow musical instruments they were flat religious. And they had an experience in 1987, Stacy tell me about that encounter that you and Wesley had with the Holy Spirit.
+Stacy: Well, no one was more shocked than I because I had been through five years of secular university and then a year of Baptist Seminary. And I was taught that you know people like me were emotional at best and demon possessed at worse and so I was very anti supernatural experiences. And so when in our Baptist Church I was at a prayer meeting and somebody was praying for another man there that was you know that you know they weren’t even praying for me I was in a small room, they were at a prayer meeting and they were praying for another man. No one was more shocked than I to be completely filled, flashed, possessed with the Holy Spirit that had all kinds of physical manifestations and so I’ll tell you what happened. We were in a prayer meeting and they were praying for a man in front of me and these women that had come to our church were you know kind of prophetic and so they were prophesying over this man; for the first time I was watching prophesy in operation, never had seen it before. And they were telling the secrets of this man’s heart and as they were telling the secret’s of this man’s heart there was about eight of us in the room. The man began to cry and I was shocked, a. because I didn’t believe in prophecy; b. because it was actually so much so that the man was crying and I knew him well and he never cried I never saw him cry before; and d. I was thinking well someone should get him a Kleenex because he was crying. And at that moment while I’m think those types of thoughts, like unemotional and you know kind of surprised my knee begins to shake. And it’s a very quiet room and they’re praying for him and I thought I’m making a scene and so I put a hand on my leg to stop it from shaking and the other leg begins to shake. And what was happening to me was the Holy Spirit was coming in the room and the powerful presence of the Holy Spirit. Just like in Samuel’s day in the school of the Prophets with physical manifestations or like in the Book of Acts Chapter 2 when the Holy Spirit came close and He actually not only filled them, but actually possessed their bodies so that they looked like they were drunk so completely filled to the point of looking drunk. That that’s what happened to me, my leg began to shake, I put my hand on my knee to stop it, my other leg began to shake. And the next thing you know I was like, like the Spirit of God, like when He took Ezekiel by the hair, it was like He was lifting me up by my hair and bouncing me up and down on my chair. My head began to violently shake from side to side, I looked down…
+Sid: Wesley, were you watching this and what did you think was going on?
+Wesley: I mean no one was more shocked than me, because I’m such an analytical guy and a pragmatist. I looked at this and I’m going “What is this?” But you know there was a certain sense of awe and presence that would come in the room that you knew that there was a force from outside that was good and it was God and we were just like, I was just like a kid in a candy shop; I was just in awe but totally excited.
+Sid: So Stacy, when I interrupted you you’re shaking for all your worth, what happened next?
+Stacy: Well, I looked at my stomach it was like a wind; I could see my whole stomach was almost contorting with the violent presence of wind out of my inner most being. And it began to push up my throat, out my windpipe. I clenched my teeth to stop it, I put my hands over my mouth to stop it and it blew my hand off my mouth. This wind, a physical wind from the inside, a violent shaking from the outside and after the wind came out of my mouth I began speaking in tongues at the top of my lungs. Which I use to preach against so I mean all of this was so sovereign, so utterly un-initiated by me, nobody was ever praying for me, that I shook and shook and spoke in tongues for about an hour. But from about that moment on it was like I could tell things that I didn’t know before. It was like the Spirit of Prophecy was birthed in me.
+Sid: You mean you really didn’t have this gift beforehand?
+Stacy: Well, I had these experiences that happened to me and where God would speak to me but I never knew that I could actually talk to other people like the gift of prophecy is for edification, exhortation and comfort. And I began to then when I prayed for other people suddenly if the Spirit would come on me that way. In fact that was the infilling or the Holy Spirit possession is unto in the Book of Acts it says “You will be filled with the Spirit, or the Spirit of the Lord will come on you and then it says, they will prophecy, they will dream dreams, they will have visions, men and women will prophecy.” And so this filling, these men are not drunk but they are filled or possessed by the Spirit is unto a prophetic outpouring that is only going to increase in the last days. Well that happened to me and I’m telling you I suddenly, we began to prophecy over nations, we began to prophecy over individuals.
+Sid: Alright in 1993 you were invited to speak at the Toronto Outpouring in which you had a prophecy, what was that prophecy?
+Wesley: Actually the outpouring hadn’t started yet. I had gone to speak at John Arnott’s Bible camp in the summertime and I told them about the prophetic experiences and praying the Bible. Then he said “Really, I don’t understand what you are saying, can they do it here?” And I said, “Sure.” So I brought Stacy and a couple other prophets in October ’93 before the outpouring actually started, before it started.
+Sid: Okay, then Stacy what did you prophecy when you were there?
+Stacy: John Arnott invited me to prophecy over his whole staff and the Lord gave me prophetic words for John and Carol. He said, “That there’s a coming a great outpouring of the Spirit.” He gave me the scripture of.
+Wesley: First He exploded Stacy shaking wildly and windmilling and jumping up and down as though they were going to explode.
+Stacy: Ha-ha.
+Sid: So if this was before they had the outpouring how did John Arnott react to this?
+Wesley: They were scared; in fact I love it so much, because I think it’s great, and I thought Stacy goes after, “How do you think they were?” I go, “Oh, they loved it, they loved it.” Well, Carol was terrified, Carol was absolutely terrified, they didn’t want anything to do with it. They were scared and they were just glad we left.
+Sid: Ha, ha. But you actually prophesied that there would be such a thing as a Toronto Outpouring.
+Stacy: Yeah, what the Lord showed me at that time is that scripture of when Jesus sent the 72 out and He saw Satan falling like lightning from heaven and he rejoiced greatly.” He gave me that scripture and He said to them, “There’s coming an Outpouring so great,” He said that, “You know Satan is going to fall like lightning from heaven again.” And He said, “But the key to remember is that don’t rejoice that the demons are subject to you, rejoice that people’s names are written in the Lamb’s Book of Life.” And I said, “The danger in that day will be to focus on the manifestations and not on what the Lord is doing.” So I was kind of an exhortation about a great outpouring, but focus…
+Wesley: And you said that He would stand on the stages of the world and that the Holy Spirit would come upon literally out of his hands on crowds of people. And then she began to explode in front of them. And as I said, they were so afraid and startled they were glad we went home. But the strange thing was that was October, January 20th when Randy Clark came three months later, it all happened in their church and it happened just exactly the same as Stacy. And so they suddenly put 2 & 2 together and they said, “This is what she prophesied and their doing what she did, we got to get Wesley and Stacy back here and help us disciple this into a mature movement” and that’s how we got involved with them.
+Sid: Just out of curiosity, since that point how many people would you say you’ve prophesied over?
+Wesley: I would say 20,000 to 35,000 people minimum.
+Stacy: But you know it’s not, you know it’s a sovereign thing, I’ve been in villages in Northern Mozambique, Muslim villages where the Lord will give me a prophetic word and if the presence of God comes on me like that I’m telling you that it always hit’s not just me but the region round and about. And in a northern village in Mozambique, no electricity we would just be a generator.
+Wesley: Heidi Baker.
+Stacy: You know just showing the Jesus film, and the Lord gives me a prophecy for that village and I would begin shaking and before they translate the English into Portuguese and then into the tribal language of Macau I’m shaking and prophesying to demon possessed people in the crowd of a hundred or so begin shrieking the second that the Holy Spirit comes on me and flushes out the demons. And Heidi said she ran over to one of them and cast legions of demons out them. And so the presence of God coming; in the Old Testament form of Samuel and the School of the Prophets, or like when He would come upon Isaiah and his whole body would be overcome. Or like He came on the early church and you know the whole 120 and they began you know looking like drunk. And Peter explanation is “This is that.”
+Sid: So when you are shaking, as best you understand it, it’s the Holy Spirit coming upon you and actually when I shake and I do too, it’s sometimes my stomach contracts and expands and I think that’s a form of intercession.
+Stacy: Yeah, yeah well, you know what we’ve understood is that the Holy Spirit, He has actually different manifestations and if you read through the Bible the prophets at different times, different countries even, you know Daniel in Babylon, Isaiah in Israel, different times and different places have manifestation. Or John on the Isle of Patmos…
+Sid Roth: You know what, our time is slipping away.
+Tags: It's Supernatural, Sid Roth
+I realized something today. Maybe I want to live near the beach so badly because I love the summertime, and it seems like coastal living would be a kind of endless summer.
+I have friends and family who live in coastal towns, and I'm sure they'd be the first to set me straight on this. But let me have my dream. My dream of days filled with sunshine and sand, flip-flops and lemonade, lazy mornings and late nights. Everything just seems easier, lighter, and more fun this time of year.
+I was in Target today and they had set up their Back to School section already. I wanted to cry! I'm not ready to face the idea of fall yet. I want to pretend it's never coming.
+Come on--let's run away. Just follow those little footprints in the sand. Looks like endless summer ahead!
+{Photos top & bottom via Coastal Living. Center photo mine, of my daughter Lily on the beach in Siesta Key.}
+I'm linking this up to the Hooked on Fridays party I'm hosting over at my other blog today because I'm hooked on summer. I'm also adding this to Melissa's Beautiful Life party. Go see what everyone else is talking about today! :-)
+I so know what you are talking about. I think I was born to live by the beach and yet I am land-locked. And I am sad too that summer is half over.
+My goal is to have a beach cottage someday. :)
+I grew up in south Georgia and we went to the coast often as it was only a little over an hour away. So for me, going to the ocean still means excitement.
+You and I (and probably everybody else) are on the same beach wavelength. The beach is every great summer vacation I can remember from my childhood through my childrens'. If I lived there or had a cottage to maintain from long distance, I'm not sure the romance and sentiment would be as strong.
+(But I'm perfectly willing to give it a try when the lottery comes in.)
+I totally agree!
+Our Target had out some supplies last week and there was already a lady there with 2 kids and their list of school stuff! Doesn't she know to wait for the sales? :)
+I'd sure like to try living by the beach in the South (US) *except* during hurricane season.
+Do you realize that not only school supplies are out, by this time next month stores will start putting out Christmas stuff!!!!! Shall we cry?
+Do it! Make a plan and move. We did, and we're not rich by any means.
+It's been a year since we've moved, and it is exactly as I expected. Daily beach walks, being able to absorb the cycles of the flora and fauna, meeting great people, and soaking in the sunshine.
+Don't put it off; you never know what will happen in life, and it would suck to regret not doing what you really love.
+It can be amazing....The daily beach walks, kids and flip flops and shorts (no winter clothes...heck, no SHOES!) But I really think EVERYWHERE is beautiful. Just like you miss the summer feel, I miss fall/winter.The grass may just truly be always greener on the other side!
+I find I love rainy days because it reminds me of snowstorms (time to cuddle, permission to just read...Hot chocolate).
+I guess we should embrace what we have...and be happy for tastes of the other side every now and then.
+Oooh, I miss the beach!!! That blue chair in the first picture captured my attention. :) Visiting from Julia's party. :)
+back to school sections are on here too..it's too early they fun so fast!! very beautiful pics!!
+Hey Julia, that's one of my all time favorite pics. I never get tired of looking at it.
+Look at the bright side of the retail issue... they're marking down flip flops, swimsuits & all the wonderful summer goods. Silly merchants.
+Hi from a beach(ish)cottage in Northern Ireland :) We don't have a sea view, but do if we walk just 50 yards!
+We spend as much time as we can here through all seasons. In fact I almost prefer it in winter - walking on the beach with huge crashing waves, then home to hot chocolate in front of the fire!
+I'm right there with your daughter on the beach!
+I appreciate what "anonymous" said about life being fleeting and perhaps having to regret what you didn't do. Following your dreams is so important. Got me thinking this morning...
+Oh I'm right there with you!! I SOOOO wish we had beaches! - do you know neither of my girls have ever seen the ocean? - that's living in the Midwest for ya! - and we're not travel people!
+*I saw the BTS section at WalMart the other day too, my stomach sunk a little.
+~TidyMom
+Those pictures are lovely, and they certainly add more fuel to my burning desire for endless summer as well!
+Yes, I am in flip flops, and I love your blog. Lots of inspiration..
+We moved close enough to the beach and I LOVE IT!!!
+Shhhh....don't say the 's' word and maybe it won't find us this fall...I don't want to go back either. I don't think students realize that us teachers REALLY don't want school to start b/c that means more work for us! lol
+Love your post! We're vacationing on Cape Cod this week, and I don't want to leave. It's been so much fun being lazy, going to the beach, out to eat for seafood, touring the town and staying up late. I think I want to continue this lifestyle when we get home.
+Jane
+I always wanted to live near the beach then I made the move over 10 years ago. I love it here but...okay I won't say it! LOL. Although, following your dreams is a must! It's what keeps me going!
+Gorgeous post......love the colours in that first image.
+I dream of living by the sea too....preferably in the south of France..... :)
+What a lovely thought, never to see winter or school again. Why is this summer flying by so fast??
+We are right there with you. We live in a beach town, and it's not perfect, but it certainly helps! Hate school!!!!! LOL!
+Like you I want a beach cottage -- in fact that is what i will buy with my winning of the lottery!
+*note to self* better start buying those lottery tickets!
+TTFN~~Claudia ♥
+Absolutely love that first photo! I believe it came from the home of Thom and Mary Ellen Vernon who started the Fresh Produce Clothing Company. The whole house is gorgeously beachy. And I am SO right there with you about not wanting to even THINK of school supplies! I am a teacher..lol! Summer vacation (not the heat) ends all too soon here in Georgia. We need to enjoy every minute while we can.
+The thought of Fall just makes me want to scream...how I envy Californians their gorgeous weather and endless days of Summer...why my parents came to Toronto, I'll never really understand, but if I could, I'd pack up my family and plop myself on a beautiful ocean front front home and just live.
+I love your pics.
+Well, if you were in horridly hot Texas, you might change your mind. Here we can't wait for fall! But I certainly see what you mean. Let's do follow those little footprints in the sand to a land where school never starts and the sea is the only view on the horizon.
+Brenda
+i am a beach fan too but love the small changes of hearing the bus come down the road on a crisp summer day, and the first snowflake of the season.
+i always say i want to be on the beach all the time but I really think i would miss all the great season I get here smack dab in the middle of the US
+I hear you about Target and back to school- I wanted to scream...Hey, wait, it's still summer!
+Love the Beach too.
+OK, Julia ... we who do have seaside houses will let you keep your illusions, haha. I'm not going to be the one to enlighten you on the downsides! (Although, the upsides far outweigh them.)
+I hate when back to school stuff hits the stores, even though my kids are out of school (I don't count grad school --not buying pencils anymore!)
+It makes summer seem even shorter!
+Cass
+Although we're only a few hundred feet from the beach and I walk on it daily I'm plotting to get my home on the beach one day (already picked the perfect one)
+Oh, those are precious pictures. I would so love to live on the beach!
+I lived on the shores of Lake Michigan. My car had a parking space on the beach road all winter....no endless summer in Chicago in January. That wind off the lake first thing in the morning was definitely a wake up call. We can dream though, can't we?
+I am a native Floridian now living in South Carolina. Even though I did not live on the beach, I was there often. Recently, we went back for a family visit, and I spent about 6 out of the 12 days there literally ON THE BEACH!! I really miss it!
+my only thought is if you lived there everyday it would not be as special like it is when you get to visit
+Julia,
+First of all, Lily is precious! That picture is fabulous. I love vacations on the ocean. I actually love little beachy towns that no one really goes to. We have a year round home on a lake. In the summer, the living is easy and laid back. But the other seasons all have their special qualities. Bonfires and burning leaves in the fall, ice skating and hot chocolate in front of the fireplace in the winter and in spring, brisk walks looking at all the budding trees and the ducks and geese coming back from their winter get~aways.
+But I agree, summer is really about relaxing. And we all need that!! :-)
+xoxo
+Jane
+These photos are so beautiful. It's the middle of winter in Sydney and although we don't experience the deep winter that parts of the States do, it's still pretty cold and miserable at times. Every summer we holiday at a place called Avoca on the Central Coast in NSW and this post made me yearn for those long, lazy days. Maybe if you visited Australia, you could have that endless summer? Meredith xo.
+The beach truly does say Summer! And I have those same dreams about beach life being so relaxing---
+I can hardly believe how summer has flown by, we will have to start thinking of school clothes soon. But not Yet!
+I live in place where the weather is like summer year round. We only have a few months of cool weather.
+My girls would probably love living at the beach.
+Enjoy the rest of the summer Julie there is somethig about sunshine & sand that lifts you hey!! Happy weekend :)
+and michaels already has HALLOWEEN set up!
+i love the idea of living near the beach but alas, i know i would have 365 bad hair days!
+xo
+Julia,
+I also love the beach, adore beach cottages and the wonderfully unexpected things and people that you often run into during a visit to a fun little seaside town.
+I enjoy spending my extra time along the shore and am so happy that much of my actual work takes place right on the sand...however, I am always happy to go home and live my cottage dreams 7 miles inland in suburbia! :)
+Your blogs are so much fun...as much as I like Hooked on Houses I ADORE Beach Cottage Love!
+I know just what you mean. :) I'm a huge lover of Fall and Winter, as well, but I'm shocked they're already pushing back to school stuff already. Jeez. Let everyone relax a bit first, eh?
+Great blog!
+Love, love, love the first photo! I live in Minnesota where there is definitely NOT an endless summer! :-) Would love to live somewhere where there is... If only.
+I just found your blog (actually both of them) I am having so much fun reading past posts...great blogs, I'll be back right now I am headed to the beach!!
+Snow feels SO far away! I'm doing my best to deny its existence. I cannot get enough of Summer!
+Back to school stuff already?! Gosh, it seems like they get things out earlier and earlier every year. Summer break just started people! Geesh. :) I loved the pics of your daughter on the beach. There's nothing like little childrens' feet prints in the sand. Enjoy your summer!
+The beach year round is perfect with me! Coastal towns have such charm!! They are such fun & busy in the summer. I really love going home & walking down to the beach in the winter when it's nice & quiet and the light is different & the waves crash differently. It's even nice when the shops are closed and the summer people have gone. I'm with you, beach-beach-beach! Let's not let anyone squash our dream!
+thanks for this blog Julia ... I just love it - when I want something fresh and beautiful I come here - no family dramas, no relationship woes, no whining or wingeing ... just summer loving :) thanks ever so much - le
+Thanks for visiting my blog! I'm so glad that you liked my Beach Guest Room. My guests always feel at home and never want to leave! LOL! Please keep checking in for new updates and future projects. (I have a garage full of projects waiting for their great reveal!)
+BACK TO SCHOOL?! Bu-bu-but...it just stopped raining here finally...
+I was born and raised on the beach in Naples, Florida. Sure, I had to go to school like any normal kid... but I also got to go boating on weekends, sit on the beach and star-gaze every night, and enjoy lovely tropical weather. It was and still is heaven. Move to the beach!
+This invention relates to apparatus and processes for washing prosthetic and other implants which require extended or repeated washing to remove preservatives or liquid reagent treatment, or both.
+Xenogeneic tissue, implant tissue from species different than the implanted species, is useful for replacing human organs damaged by pathological or physical injury. Xenografts are used for replacing heart valves, tendons, skin, blood vessels, ligaments, etc.
+Xenografts are treated by several processes for cross-linking the predominate collagen to render the xenografts less susceptible to degradative mechanisms of the human system. Xenografts are preserved in sterile solutions, usually a dilute solution of glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde following treatment, during shipment and awaiting implanatation. While the apparatus and methods of this invention are not so limited, the washing of heart valve prostheses will be described to illustrate and exemplify the invention. A typical tissue heart valve prosthesis is made of a porcine heart or of membrane tissue mounted on a stent. The tissue is treated with various reagents to cross-link the collogen, alter the characteristics of the tissue, etc. and is preserved in a glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde or other solution which contains a preservative and/or bacteriostatic compound. For descriptive purposes, glutaraldehyde solutions will be discussed as exemplary, though the particular nature of the solution is not critical to the invention. It is extremely important that all of the glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde or other preservative solutions be removed from the valve before it is implanted in the patient. Some chemical treatments create the risk that some toxic responses will be encountered in sensitive individuals, even after general washing of the xenograft prior to implantation. Frolova, M. A.; Barbarash, L. S.; Gudkova, R. G. ; Carpinskaya, B. M., The Effect of Various Preservation Methods on Immunogenicity and Antigenic Composition of Xenogeneic Valve Tissue of the Heart, Byull. Eksp. Biol. Med., Volume No. 3, 1973, pp. 83-86.
+The washing step has been tedious, time consuming and must be accomplished immediately before surgery. The general methods of rinsing the xenograft prior to implantation have not substantially decreased the risk of toxic response by completely removing the preservative. The present invention is designed to provide a system for complete washing of valve and graft tissues with a maximum of efficiency and a minimum of inconvenience and time.
+The invention is a system for washing heart valve prosthesis, xenografts and other implants which require extended or repeated washing to remove a preservative and/or to pre-treat the prosthesis immediately before implantation.
+The system typically includes a number of disposable containers of saline solution, or other wash solution. Sterile polyethylene or other polymeric containers are readily available and are conveniently used in this invention. Flow of wash solution from the containers controlled by a valve or a series of valves through a sterile filter and then through the wash chamber containing the prosthesis thoroughly washes the prosthesis many times and removes all soluble constituents of the preservative medium. The effluent from the wash chamber passes through a reaction chamber, controlled by suitable valves, which comprises a detection device for determining the presence or absence of preservatives in the effluent wash solution, thus permitting the operator to be certain that the xenograft has been thoroughly washed and that all preservative has been removed. The detection device may include any of several chemical and instrumental analytical systems and apparatus, such as, for example, a photometer, membrane electrode, polarimeter, oxidation-reduction cell, or indicator solution. The specific method for detecting the absence of presence of the preservatives is not critical. For example, an indicator for aldehydes may be metered into a reaction chamber, providing a color change based on the presence of aldehydes. Another sterile filter may be provided in the effluent line as the effluent wash solution is drained to a suitable waste disposable system. These filters assure the continued sterility of the system. The sterile filters can be checked to assure that no bacteria or other organisms have entered into the system.
+The flow in the wash chamber is preferrably directed to flow over all of the surfaces of the heart valve or graft which is to be washed. The heart valve or other tissue prosthesis can be washed with very little attention, and with a high degree of confidence that the washing is complete.
+The wash chamber is preferrably designed as a shipping and storage package functioning to preserve as well as wash the heart valve prosthesis. In a preferred form the wash chamber comprises a funnel with specific prosthesis supports designed to support the particular prosthesis in a configuration which will permit the fluid to wash all surfaces and a cap having means configured to direct the flow of the wash solution over the prosthesis. In a preferred form, a filter cloth surrounds the prosthesis and breaks down any jets of wash solution and difuses the flow over the surfaces of the prosthesis. The cap and funnel are constructed and configured to provide a relatively high velocity, low instantaneous volume fluid flow around the valve and through the sewing ring.
+The invention is, in its preferred configuration, an integral package functioning as a storage and wash chamber, which may include a built-in recirculating pump to increase the efficiency of the washing and/or treating of the prosthesis. The heart valve prosthesis is placed within the chamber, which is filled with a suitable preservative solution. Seals close the top and bottom conduits of the chamber, which are configured to be connected to tubing, valves, etc. to complete the system. The chamber thus formed by the funnel and cap is enclosed in a heat sealable polyethylene or other polymeric material pouch to provide physical protection, and to serve as a tamper indicator and dust/lint protector and to maintain sterility. The pouch is then, typically, placed in an expanded polystyrene shell for shock protection and to moderate temperature extremes during shipping.
+The prosthesis is prepared for implantation by removing the cap seals, draining the storage solution, and connecting the wash chamber to tubes to which are connected to allow the flow of saline solution through the chamber and over the prosthesis. In the preferred embodiment, a built-in recirculationg pump, fully prepared to run and supplied with batteries, may be turned on immediately without further preparation. The heart valve prosthesis is maintained in its proper washing configuration in the wash chamber to prevent damage before implantation. The prosthesis is then ready to be implanted without risk of a toxic reaction due to the presence of preservatives. The wash solution may perform the additional function of coating or treating the prosthesis with any desired reagent immediately before the prosthesis is implanted. Some or all of the wash solution may contain the treating reagent. For example, the final wash phases of the process may very desirably include the step of flowing a solution carrying epithelial cells for coating the prosthesis with the epithelial cells immediately before the prosthesis is implanted in the patient.
+FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the xenograft washing system of this invention.
+FIG. 2 is an exploded side view of the wash chamber of this invention.
+FIG. 3 is a partially cut away side view of the packaged wash chamber of this invention.
+FIG. 4 is a side view, partially cut away and in partial cross-section showing the wash chamber of the invention unitarily associated with a recirculating pump.
+The invention is described using as an example a porcine heart valve prosthesis, with the understanding that any prosthetic device which requires washing before use is contemplated within the scope of the invention.
+Referring to FIG. 1, the system of the invention comprises one or more disposable containers 11, 12 and 13 of sterile wash solution, typically saline, one or more of which contain one or more treating reagents. For example, container 13 may typically contain suspended epithelial cells for coating the prosthesis. In general, reference will be made to "ash solutions" with the understanding that the solutions may be reagent solutions as well. The containers are designed to be suspended from a typical hospital hanger. Valves 14, 15 and 16 control the flow from the respective containers, permitting the use of one or more containers seriatim until a complete wash is accomplished. A master flow rate control valve 17 permits the operator to adjust the rate of flow through the chamber. A sterile filter 18 is desirably provided to provide additional assurance that the fluid entering the wash chamber 19 is perfectly sterile. If sterility is assured, and if particular types of reagents are to be included in some or all of the wash solution, the filter may be bypassed or omitted. For example, a valve 17a may open a bypass conduit to the wash chamber. A porcine heart valve 20 is mounted in the wash chamber on suitable supports to assure that it is in the proper configuration for use and to assure that the fluid flow will be uniform over the surface of the prosthesis being washed.
+While the invention is illustrated as washing a porcine heart valve, the invention is equally applicable to washing and/or coating or treating other prosthetic devices, e. g. veins, arteries, and other tissue.
+The effluent from the wash chamber passes, in a preferred embodiment, through a filter 21 and a ball-check or other non-return check valve 22 to assure that no liquid can be forced or sucked back into the heart valve chamber. Valves 23a nd 23b on the inlet and outlet of a reaction chamber 24 control flow through and permit isolation of the reaction chamber 24. An indicator containing solution is provided in the indicator container 25 and metered through a valve 26 into the reaction chamber 24. There are a number of indicators which may be used to permit detection of the presence or amount of various reagents. For example, where removal of glutaraldehyde is important, as is generally the case, several indicators react with aldehyde to provide a color reaction which is proportional to the amount of aldehyde present. Aldehydes will react, for example, with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form an insoluble yellow or red solid. Aldehydes give a positive reaction with Tollens' reagent. Tollens' reagent contains the silver ammonia ion. Oxidation of the aldehyde is accompanied by reduction of the silver ion to free silver in the form of a mirror under proper conditions. Aldehydes are oxidized by oxidizing agents such as chromic anhydride and aqueous sulfuric acid. The clear orange solution formed by the combination of chromic anhydride and aqueous sulfuric acid turns blue-green and becomes opaque with the addition of aldehyde. A highly sensitive test for aldehydes is the Schiff test, in which an aldehyde reacts with the fuchsin-aldehyde reagent to form a characteristic magenta color. Typically a negative reaction with the above indicators is shown by no color change. The chamber 24 preferably includes transparent walls to permit visual detection of colored species or silver in the above examples. Instrumental detection of, for example, redox potential may also be used.
+While the previous example depicts an indicator chamber and reaction chamber as well as a indicator solution to determine the presence of preservatives, other effective devices such as a polarimeter, oxidation-reduction cell, membrane electrode, or other means can be used to determine the presence of preservatives on or within the heart valve prosthesis.
+As shown in greater detail in FIG. 2 the wash chamber is in the form of a heart valve support and container comprising a removable cap 27, connected to a funnel 28. The cap is provided with protuberances 29 and 29A which are received and rotated in the slots 30 and 30A to form a bayonet lock. A threaded or other type of connection can be used also, but the bayonet type interlocking mechanism is convenient, secure and easily connected and opened. The cap has finger grips 31 to facilitate the locking and unlocking of the cap with the funnel. The heart valve prosthesis 20 is placed in the large end of the funnel 32 on supports to assure the proper configuration of the valve and permit reasonably uniform flow of fluid over the valve. The particular support will be configured, dimensioned and constructed according to the configuration of the particular prosthesis being shipped, stored and washed. A filter cloth 33 optionally surrounds the prosthesis 20, breaking down any fast jets of wash solution and assuring a diffuse flow of solution over all surfaces of the prosthesis. The cap, which is the inlet portion to the wash chamber, is designed to cause the wash solution to flow in a relatively high velocity flow, with low volume over all surfaces of the prosthesis, thus providing a continuing source of fresh wash solution to assure that the concentration differential between the solution on and in the tissue and the wash solution is maximum and thus maximize the migration of preservative from the tissue to the wash solution.
+A high velocity, relatively thin layer and low volume of the wash solution is formed by the inner walls of the funnel around the valve. Tube connectors 34, on the funnel, and 35 on the cap are configured, constructed and adapted to be connected to tubes from the containers saline wash solution.
+FIG. 3 depicts the wash chamber, which also serves to contain the prosthesis and protect it during shippment and storage, as part of an integral package protected against extremes of temperature and shock. The heart valve prosthesis 20 is placed wash chamber and covered by storage preservative solution, indicated at 36. Cap seals 37 and 38 are placed on the connecting devices 34 and 35 to maintain the storage solution in the heart valve rinser. The rinser is placed in a heat sealable polyethylene pouch 39. The pouch is sealed to serve as a tamper indicator and dust/lint protector and to maintain sterility. The pouch and rinser are placed in a expanded polystyrene shell 40 which prevents rapid and extreme changes in temperature during temporary shipment and as a protection against shock and physical damage. The expanded polystyrene shell is then placed in a corrugated carton 41 for shipment and storage.
+Reference is now made to FIG. 4 in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3. A preferred embodiment of this invention which includes a built-in recirculation system is depicted in FIG. 4. The wash chamber in FIG. 4 is identical to that shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 with the addition of inlet and outlet conduits for recirculation. Cap 127 and funnel 128 interlock using a boss 129 in a bayonet connector, have fluid conduit connectors 134 and 135 and caps 137 and 138 all as described above respecting the corresponding elements 27, 28, 29, 34, 35, 37, and 38, except as described below. The funnel 128 is provided with a conduit 152 which provides fluid communication into a pump chamber 154 and back through a conduit 156, a portion of which 156a is formed as part of the cap 127, into the wash chamber. Alternatively, the conduit 156 may bypass the cap 127 and connect directly back into the funnel 128. An impeller 160 is mounted in the pump chamber 154 and is connected to a motor 162 driven by a battery 164, or a plurality of batteries, the entire pump drive assembly being packaged in a housing 166. A slide switch 168 is mounted in the housing for turning the motor on and off. Any reliable switch may be used. As is the case in the previous embodiments, the wash chamber, including in this case the built in recirculation pump, is enclosed in an airtight envelope 170 which, in turn, is packaged against shock and physical damage by packing 172 and a case 174 which may be of the type previously described or of any other suitable type.
+The system of this invention is most conveniently shipped together with all components and reagents in two, or more, packages marked to identify a complete system. The wash chamber and prosthesis contained therein is typically shipped in a separate container, because of the need to have various sizes and types of prosthesis on hand. Thus, for example, a complete system would include in one container of the type shown in FIGS. 3 or 4 the implant prosthesis in a wash chamber and in another container one or more, typically three, containers of wash solution, the valves, tubing, chambers, filters and reagents necessary to complete a system as schematically depicted in FIG. 1. All of the components are typically pre-sterilized and sealed in tamper proof or tamper indicator packages, or in packages which permit sterilization by the hospital.
+In or adjacent the operating room, the system is assembled as indicated in FIG. 1, the solution from the first container is caused to flow by gravity or pumping over the prosthesis. Periodic checks, at different periods depending upon the prosthesis and nature and concentration of the preservative solution, are made using the indicator means described to monitor the preservative content of the effluent of the wash chamber. As needed, the wash solution from the various containers is caused to flow over the prosthesis until the effluent tests absolutely free of the preservative, or the level is low enough to assure that no adverse physiological reaction will occur. In some instances, the configuration of a prosthesis may be constant enough to provide an impirical basis for determining that a complete wash is accomplished when a predetermined volume of wash solution has been caused to flow over the prosthesis.
+Higher washing and/or treating efficiency is provided using the recirculation pump, especially during washing. One of the containers, e. g. container 13 may contain epilethial cells or other treating cells and/or reagents, which will be cause to flow over the prosthesis after washing is complete or essentially complete for pre-treating the prosthesis by coating, reaction or otherwise.
+This invention finds application in the surgical arts.
+tag: Recent Posts on Raleigh Parents forum on What to Expect Recent Posts on Raleigh Parents forum on What to Expect 1420 1421 general-discussion General Discussion tag: Hi! Local fun and getting to know eachother:) 1420 1421 general-discussion 6627246 6627246 Hi NC moms! My name is Erin and I blog on here <a href="" rel="nofollow" target="blank"></a> under Mom E and the Joyful Three.<br />I really am looking to meet new moms and post fun local things to do in the Raleigh area and beyond. What is your favorite thing to do around here? Do you know of any fun local events coming up that are kid friendly? I have a 1 year old, 3 year old and a 6 year old:) I'd love to make some new friends around here! I also know we've done a meet and greet type post on here before but I think it would be fun to start a new one:) So how many kids do you have, and a little about you would be great:) I'd really love to make this board a great resource for all of us local moms:) momeandthejoyful3 38170607 2015-01-27 04:28:12 UTC true false momeandthejoyful3 38170607 49 bebekle 61762471 tag: New Raleigh moms? 1420 1421 general-discussion 38548952 38548952 jadesmomma 64894051 2015-01-30 06:57:07 UTC false false jadesmomma 64894051 0 tag: Kamm Mckenzie deliveries 1420 1421 general-discussion 37999705 37999705 ziadinad 30739427 2015-01-29 23:16:04 UTC false false ziadinad 30739427 4 heatherbub3 65373594 tag: expecting in july??? 1420 1421 general-discussion 38506609 38506609 expectinglavender 65710597 2015-01-29 22:47:04 UTC false false expectinglavender 65710597 2 ccardwell86 54758792 tag: Maternity pictures 1420 1421 general-discussion 38538637 38538637 ccardwell86 54758792 2015-01-29 22:45:07 UTC false false ccardwell86 54758792 0 tag: Lunch date for preggo FTM's :) 1420 1421 general-discussion 37968783 37968783 <p>Hi there, forgive me if there's already something like this in place, but I'd love to meet up with other pregnant first time moms in the area and discuss (and commiserate haha) all the highs and lows of pregnancy, etc! I'm 31, about 12 weeks (due July 20th) and live in downtown Raleigh, and am the first of my friends to get pregnant, so would love to meet some other FTM's :) Maybe lunch one weekend? Let me know if anyone is interested, look forward to meeting you!<br />-Colette(colette.schriver@gmail.com)</p> stellar27cas 64666775 2015-01-29 00:07:25 UTC false false stellar27cas 64666775 14 heatherbub3 65373594 tag: First time mommies :) 1420 1421 general-discussion 36002484 36002484 jasbxo 64238807 2015-01-28 13:58:57 UTC false false jasbxo 64238807 40 kscone3 48603068 tag: FTM in Durham 1420 1421 general-discussion 33768987 33768987 rosesr_redd 60746112 2015-01-28 03:33:38 UTC false false rosesr_redd 60746112 19 hotcherries93 65612825 tag: Hey looking for other ftm to be friends with 1420 1421 general-discussion 38490148 38490148 hotcherries93 65612825 2015-01-28 03:31:59 UTC false false hotcherries93 65612825 0 tag: Play date/mommy date for a 6 month old boy and a FTM. 1420 1421 general-discussion 38463233 38463233 <p>Hello everyone.</p><p></p><p>My name is Kelly and I'm a FTM and a SAHM. I'm looking to set up a play date or lunch date with other moms so that my son could meet other babies. We live in the apex/cary/holly springs area but could meet up in the Raleigh area also. Please reply here or email me at kellyu.lam@gmail.com.</p><p></p><p>Thanks.</p> bebekle 61762471 2015-01-27 04:37:37 UTC false false bebekle 61762471 0 tag: Women's Birth and Wellness Center in Chapel Hill 1420 1421 general-discussion 37340867 37340867 marlenamarta 64635920 2015-01-25 14:40:23 UTC false false marlenamarta 64635920 4 sassyflower 54344410 tag: Mama of soon to be #7 & new to raleigh 1420 1421 general-discussion 37464607 37464607 <p>Hi mamas ! I just moved to north raleigh and due with #7. I'm originally from durham /roxboro area so im somewhat familiar w Raleigh ;-) I'm 36 yrs old and looking for more mommy friends in the area :-) my kids ( some not kids anymore ) are 19,17,15,13,3,18 months and I'm almost 30 weeks pregnant .</p> 5plusone 46731009 2015-01-25 14:15:18 UTC false false 5plusone 46731009 6 sassyflower 54344410 tag: new moms in their mid 30's 1420 1421 general-discussion 29638701 29638701 mscookie78 60399083 2015-01-24 09:58:51 UTC false false mscookie78 60399083 21 bebekle 61762471 tag: Any FTM due in April? 1420 1421 general-discussion 38251261 38251261 47338904 2015-01-22 23:05:49 UTC false false 47338904 3 hotcherries93 65612825 tag: 19 weeks 3 days 1420 1421 general-discussion 38357491 38357491 hotcherries93 65612825 2015-01-22 23:04:09 UTC false false hotcherries93 65612825 0 tag: Anyone near or in Clayton 1420 1421 general-discussion 37502090 37502090 katzprettyinink 62418356 2015-01-20 22:38:31 UTC false false katzprettyinink 62418356 9 sarabecca 10262538 tag: Rex visitors?? 1420 1421 general-discussion 37738135 37738135 <p> Hi gals. I'm on the 3 week countdown until #2 arrives. I'll be delivering at Rex. Does anyone know if they have visitor restrictions due to flu season? In other words, should my 3 year old be able to visit? I'll ask at my hospital tour, but wondered if anyone had experiences to share before then. </p> OctoberPlump 40971325 2015-01-17 05:32:30 UTC false false OctoberPlump 40971325 6 rosymom2b 57763144 tag: Prenatal Chiropractor in Raleigh 1420 1421 general-discussion 37772733 37772733 <p>Anyone have any experience or recommendations for a chiropractor who specializes in pregnancy? My cousin lives in Texas and swears her chiropractor made all the difference in her pregnancy, labor, and getting her baby to sleep through the night at 8 days old. She had him adjusted a week after he was born. I'm 12 weeks and have always had back and neck pain so I'm hoping to find someone reputable that can help.</p> sarahstrick82 64601020 2015-01-15 22:12:35 UTC false false sarahstrick82 64601020 2 mamatoboyz 57937759 tag: I don't know how to control my excitement 1420 1421 general-discussion 34746603 34746603 jazzanaew 63637162 2015-01-15 01:43:21 UTC false false jazzanaew 63637162 8 aeharris85 64968042 tag: Pediatrician recommendations 1420 1421 general-discussion 38059047 38059047 <p>Hey all,</p><p></p><p>My name is Melanie, I am 29, live in Raleigh and due with my first child (baby girl) on April 13th.</p><p></p><p>I was wondering if any moms have recommendations for great pediatricians in the Raleigh/Durham area. Please let me know if and why you think the recommended pediatrician is great it why I should stay away ;)</p><p></p><p>Any suggestions are appreciated.</p><p></p><p>Thank you all in advance.</p> Melanie9288 62288318 2015-01-14 01:36:24 UTC false false Melanie9288 62288318 6 sarabecca 10262538
+Raising concerns Last updated: 06 December 2018 Raising concerns - case studies and vignettes The below case studies and vignettes are examples of good practice to offer as a useful benchmark for raising concerns. While they relate more specifically to non-doctor staff and environments, the situations described can translate into a secondary care setting. The vignettes are fictional stories that serve to illustrate steps that GPs, junior doctors and medical students may take in raising a concern. Case study 1 - emergency medicine consultant An emergency medicine consultant who had worked in the NHS for over 20 years was well respected in his trust. His selfless commitment to the NHS was highly valued by both his patients and his clinical colleagues. However, he was not a man to suffer fools gladly. Chronic under-funding in the emergency department meant that nurses were forced to wash bedpans by hand. This was some years ago, but most hospitals had by this time brought in special cleaning machines years previously. This trust had resisted such expenditure. No drinking water There was also no drinking water on tap. Staff either had to boil water or go to other departments to get drinks for patients. News of these shortcomings had reached the patients’ representative organisation. As a result, a reporter from the local newspaper had rung up the consultant asking for his comment. The consultant told the journalist that it was ‘a disgrace’ and that he had had many requests for improvements turned down by trust managers over the years. He had even been forced to appeal for a donation to the Hospital League of Friends to buy some filing cabinets and had used his own DIY skills to put up shelves in the department. The next edition of the local weekly paper bore the headline: ‘Doctor slams trust where nurses still wash bedpans by hand.’ The medical director wrote a letter to the consultant demanding an explanation for his actions in talking to the media in direct breach of the trust’s ‘communications with the media’ policy, which prohibited all staff making statements to journalists without the prior written authorisation of the trust chief executive. Consultant warned The consultant was warned that the trust considered his actions amounted to gross misconduct and was told that he was required to attend a disciplinary interview the following week at which he could be dismissed. BMA get involved The consultant contacted his local BMA industrial relations officer, helpfully enclosing a batch of recent newspaper cuttings. In preparing his defence for the consultant, the IRO was able to rely on paragraph 330 of the Hospital Terms and Conditions of Service, which provides that: ‘A practitioner shall be free, without prior consent of the [trust], to publish… articles… or speak, whether on matters arising out of his or her NHS service or not.’ The IRO was aware from previous cases that this express provision in the terms and conditions of service protected consultants who spoke out on matters of patient safety and provided an express contractual exception to the normal duty of confidentiality that an employee owes to an employer. Charges dropped At the subsequent disciplinary hearing, armed with this vital information, the IRO was able to get all the disciplinary charges dropped against the consultant and an apology from the medical director about the heavy handed approach that had been taken. The icing on the cake was that the trust agreed to sort out the plumbing in the department and to provide fresh drinking water for staff and patients. The consultant was the hero of the hour for all the trade unions in the trust because he had stood up to a belligerent management on a point of principle. However, without the expert knowledge and advocacy skills of his BMA IRO, the outcome could have been very different indeed. Case study 2 - senior care coordinator Derek was a senior care coordinator in a care home for the elderly. Derek was on duty one day when he found that the carers had forgotten to give some residents their medication, which included tablets for water retention, blood pressure and some heart medication. Derek immediately told the home’s manager what had happened. The home’s manager took the unused medication and flushed it down the toilet. Derek came across another incident where medication was missed and was unsure what to do. After considering his options, Derek decided to contact the head office to tell them what he had witnessed. The matter was investigated and the home’s manager was taken through a disciplinary process. Derek then contacted Protect (the whistleblowing charity) because he was worried about being revealed as the whistleblower. The adviser at Protect worked through the situation with Derek. As Derek was the sole witness of the manager’s actions, it was more than likely the manager would work out that Derek was the source of the concern. Protect reassured Derek that he could ring back if he had any questions or concerns. A couple of months later Derek advised Protect that the concern had been resolved. He had followed the advice and when he spoke to head office, they had taken his worries about confidentiality seriously and found another way to deal with the situation. Derek was still at the same home. He was relieved that no-one had been fired; the manager was still in post but there has been a change in the medicine protocols and in the culture at the home. Vignette 1 - GP A fictional story illustrating the steps that GPs can take in raising a concern. Dr Wood is a trainee GP in a large training practice. Her GP trainer, Dr Andrews, was a partner in the practice and is well loved by his patients. Dr Wood had been expecting regular debriefing sessions with Dr Andrews to review difficult consultations after her surgeries, but increasingly Dr Andrews was late for these meetings, or he failed to turn up at all without any explanation. She asked him about missing these meetings and, although he apologised, the situation did not change much as the weeks of training continued. During a consultation with Mrs Lamb, Dr Wood was told that Mrs Lamb had previously seen her usual GP Dr Andrews for her problem, but that he did not seem to be very well that day and she wondered whether he had got a bad cold and had been having a few whiskies to help with that. She smiled and asked Dr Wood whether that was available on prescription for her too. At the end of the surgery Dr Wood decided that she needed to speak to someone about this situation but did not feel able to speak to her trainer Dr Andrews directly. Instead she asked to meet with the practice manager and informed her of the suggestion made by Mrs Lamb and the fact that Dr Andrews' behaviour had been a little erratic recently. The practice manager thanked Dr Wood for raising this with her and said that she would speak to the senior partner straight away and asked if Dr Wood would like to join her. After discussion with the senior partner, Dr Patel, it was agreed that he would speak with Dr Andrews as soon as possible to ask him about his use of alcohol and whether this was having any impact on his medical practice. At that subsequent meeting Dr Andrews denied any problems, although he did acknowledge that he was struggling to keep to time in surgeries more often than he used to do. Dr Patel continued to have some concerns as he had also noticed some changes in his partner's behaviour and so, after speaking to the other partners in the practice, he rang the medical secretary of the Local Medical Committee (LMC) to ask for advice. He was told that he should raise these concerns with the medical director at the regional NHS England office, which he did. The LMC secretary also offered to visit the practice to talk to Dr Andrews. The medical director told Dr Patel that one of his medical advisors would visit the practice urgently to speak to Dr Andrews directly. He also arranged to discuss the case at the next Performance Advisory Group meeting, at which the LMC was also represented. This ultimately led to Dr Andrews being suspended from the national performers list and referred for an occupational health assessment. Vignette 2 - junior doctor A fictional story illustrating the steps that junior doctors can take in raising a concern. Dr Smith is a Foundation Year 2 doctor on a four month surgical rotation. Her rota was understaffed and she often found herself alone on the ward and unable to get in contact with her seniors who were busy in theatre. This led to her making decisions about patient care alone while running errands and doing administrative work. She often had to turn to the nurses and healthcare assistants on the ward for guidance. She was concerned that her lack of adequate training and supervision might result in harm to a patient. Dr Smith also noticed that one of the fire exits on the ward had been blocked by old/broken furniture/equipment for the previous two weeks. She pointed this out to several of the ward staff, but they simply said: "There’s just nowhere else to put it." Unsure of the steps to take in order to raise a concern and fearful of the reaction of ward medical and nursing staff, Dr Smith contacted the BMA for support and was advised to discuss her training issues with her educational supervisor, and that, if necessary, she could raise them with the foundation programme director in the trust. The BMA also advised her to check the hospital's policy on raising concerns about patient safety, especially as the issue of the furniture/equipment was likely to be covered by basic safety policies. Fearing a genuine threat to patient safety, she decided to talk to the designated officer at the trust and ultimately raised her concerns directly with the medical director. The BMA advised her about what kind of response to expect from the hospital management when raising a concern of this kind and offered support in case the response she received was not appropriate. The medical director resolved the issue of the furniture/equipment swiftly as one of fire safety. Vignette 3 - medical student A fictional story illustrating the steps that medical students can take in raising a concern. A fourth year medical student was nearing the end of his first week at a clinical placement in the north of England. He had been placed on the gynaecology ward of a large district general hospital. He noticed a number of incidents on the unit where patients were not receiving basic care and had to decide how to act. On his second day, as he was leaving the ward to get lunch, he witnessed that Mrs Smith, who had been transferred from A&E with an ectopic pregnancy almost two days before, had not touched her food or drink. He stopped to talk to her and found that she had not eaten since she came in. She did not feel like eating when she first arrived and was asleep when lunch was delivered so missed that. The next day he mentioned this to one of the junior doctors and was told that patients often miss meals but that, as they were generally not in the ward for long, they did not worry too much. The situation made the medical student very uncomfortable. He therefore raised it with his personal tutor, who he happened to be meeting the next day. The tutor suggested that the student speak to the nursing staff and pointed him to the relevant GMC guidance. The student was concerned to make sure that future patients were checked on their food and fluid intake. He was aware that in other wards this was recorded on patient's charts. He therefore thought he should mention the issue to a consultant as well. The issue was acted upon by the consultant who raised it at the next multidisciplinary team meeting and flagged it to nurses and doctors on the ward. The personal tutor also decided to follow up the issue when he met the medical director a few months later and was pleased to hear that checks had been put in place. Students are uniquely placed to drive improvements to the culture within the NHS. Their personal values and commitment to their patients have not been worn down by workload or habituation. They can be the eyes and ears of the NHS due to their unique role moving around a variety of healthcare settings. Personal tutors are an excellent pastoral resource. They are people who can provide support and advice as well as people in whom students can confide within a confidential setting. Moreover, if students raise concerns as a group, the process can seem less daunting. The student in this vignette identified a problem and was able to raise it for the benefit of future patients. It is important that students are supported in raising concerns and that they know with whom to raise them and have an avenue for validating them. Doctors of the future should be able to approach reporting issues of misconduct safe in the knowledge that they will not be victimised for speaking out. Providing a safe environment for staff, colleagues and patients can only help create a better health service for the people of the UK. If the student in this vignette had wanted the issue to be taken forward confidentially, the personal tutor should have been able to do this through the sub-dean or another channel.
+Spaniards
+Spaniards[a] are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain that share a common Spanish culture and speak one of the national languages of Spain, including most numerously Spanish, as a primary language. Within Spain, there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history and diverse culture. Although the official language of Spain is commonly known as "Spanish", it is only one of the national languages of Spain, and is less ambiguously known as Castilian, a standard language based on the medieval romance speech of the Reconquista, the modern Spanish state was formed with the union of the Kingdoms of Castille and Aragon, the conquest of the last Muslim kingdom of Granada and the Canary Islands in the late 15th century. In the early 16th century the Kingdom of Navarre was also conquered. As Spain expanded its empire in the America.
+Contents
+- 1 Historical background
+- 2 The peoples of Spain
+- 3 Languages
+- 4 Religion
+- 5 Emigration from Spain
+- 6 See also
+- 7 Notes
+- 8 Footnotes
+- 9 References
+Historical background
+Early populations.[24] in the peninsula in 409 AD..[citation needed][citation needed]. The Suebi became the first Germanic kingdom to convert officially to Roman Catholicism in 447 AD. under king Rechiar.
+Middle Ages.[25].
+Colonialism and emigration]
+The peoples of Spain
+Nationalisms and regionalisms
+Within Spain, there are various regional populations including the Andalusians,:
+- Regional ethnic groups
+The Gitanos.
+Data on ethnicity is not collected in Spain, although the Government's statistical agency CIS estimated in 2007 that the number of Gitanos present in Spain is probably around one million.[30].
+Modern immigration.
+Languages spoken in Spain include Spanish (castellano or español) (74%), Catalan (català, called valencià in the Valencian Community) (17%), Galician (galego) (7%), and Basque (euskara) (2%).[34].[35], including nouns, verbs and adjectives.[36]) practising roughly 1 million people).[37]
+Religion.
+Emigration from Spain
+Outside of Europe, Latin America has the largest population of people with ancestors from Spain. These include people of full or partial Spanish ancestry.
+People with Spanish ancestry
+The listings above shows the ten countries with known collected data on people with.
+See also
+Notes
+- ^ a
+- ^ "Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on the 1 January 2013". INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
+- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2015" (PDF). Retrieved 18 March 2015.
+- ^ a b Españoles residentes en el extranjero 2015 (CERA) por país
+- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero (PERE)" (PDF). Retrieved 5 December 2015.
+- ^ [1] 31 Dec. 2014 German Statistical Office. Zensus 2014: Bevölkerung am 31. Dezember 2014
+- ^ "Ausländeranteil in Deutschland bis 2015 - Statistik".
+- ^ a b "Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 19 June 2014.
+- ^ a b c Censo electoral de españoles residentes en el extranjero 2009
+- ^ "Födelseland Och Ursprungsland".
+- ^ Explotación estadística del Padrón de Españoles Residentes en el Extranjero a 1 de enero de 2012
+- ^ "Embassy of Spain in Guatemala City, Guatemala profile. Guatemala" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). exteriores.gob.es. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
+- ^ "CSO Emigration" (PDF). Census Office Ireland. Retrieved January 29, 2013.
+- ^ There are 3,110 immigrants from Spain according to INE, 2012-01-01
+- ^ Snoj, Jure (18 December 2013). "Population of Qatar by nationality".
+- ^ "Embassy of Spain in Managua, Nicaragua profil e Nicaragua" (PDF). exteriores.gob.es (in Spanish). exteriores.gob.es. Retrieved 17 April 2015.
+- ^ State statistics committee of Ukraine - National composition of population, 2001 census (Ukrainian)
+- ^ "El 73,4% de los españoles se declara católico, según el CIS :: España :: Religión Digital". Periodistadigital.com. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Los ateos salen del armario | Noticias generales". elmundo.es. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ spain&f=false
+- ^ Macías, Rosario Márquez (1 January 1995). "La emigración española a América, 1765-1824". Universidad de Oviedo – via Google Books.
+- ^ a b Patricia Rivas. "Reconocerán nacionalidad española a descendientes de exiliados :: YVKE Mundial". Radiomundial.com.ve. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
+- ^ a b c d Nieves Ortega Pérez (1 February 2003). "Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy". Migrationinformation.org. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ a b "Eurostat – Population in Europe in 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Ethnographic map of Pre-Roman Iberia". Luís Fraga da Silva – Associação Campo Arqueológico de Tavira, Tavira, Portugal. Archived from the original on 11 June 2004. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
+- ^ "Morisco – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ Axtell, James (September–October 1991). "The Columbian Mosaic in Colonial America". Humanities. 12 (5): 12–18. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 8 October 2008.
+- ^ "Migration to Latin America". Let.leidenuniv.nl. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "The Spanish of the Canary Islands".
+- ^ Caistor, Nick (28 February 2003). "Spanish Civil War fighters look back". BBC News. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^
+- ^ "Spain: Immigrants Welcome". Businessweek.com. 20 May 2007. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "National Institute of Statistics: Advance Municipal Register to January 1, 2006. provisional data" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 July 2008. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ Tremlett, Giles (26 July 2006). "Spain attracts record levels of immigrants seeking jobs and sun". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
+- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Spain". Cia.gov. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Lenguas de España". Proel.org. Retrieved 25 April 2007.
+- ^ .
+- ^ Fennig, Charles D., ed. (2016). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (Nineteenth ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
+- ^ Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (April 2013). "Barómetro abril 2013" (PDF). p. 33. Retrieved 6 April 2013.
+- ^ "Mexico – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
+- ^ US Census Bureau 2014 American Community Survey B03001 1-Year Estimates HISPANIC OR LATINO ORIGIN BY SPECIFIC ORIGIN retrieved October 18, 2015. Number of people of Hispanic and Latino Origin by specific origin(except people of Brazilian origin).
+- ^ Szucs, Loretto Dennis; Luebking, Sandra Hargreaves (1 January 2006). "The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy". Ancestry Publishing – via Google Books.
+- ^ Resultados Básicos Censo 2011 Archived 13 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
+- ^ "Brasil – España".. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ Más de 15 millones de brasileños son descendientes directos de españoles.
+- ^ "Census of population and homes" (in Spanish). Government of Cuba. 16 September 2002. Retrieved 7 September 2009.
+- ^ "Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000, Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data". Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on 22 October 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
+- ^ "Puerto Rico's History on race" (PDF). Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Puerto Rican ancestry" (PDF). p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2004. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Puerto Rican identity". Names.mongabay.com. 3 January 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2014.
+- ^ "Ethnocultural Portrait of Canada Highlight Tables (2006 Census)". Statistics Canada. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
+- ^ Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. "Redirect to Census data page"..
+Montana Sky
+by Rick Beck
+Chapter 10
+Sheriff and the Prosecutor
+Taz rode down into the meadows to the ranch house before breakfast. He found himself thinking about the food the general's wife might provide. He didn't think of food all that often, because left to his own devices it came out of a can, except when the general brought something up when he came to see how he was.
+The first appearance in court wasn't for another two weeks, but Taz had to identify the culprit that tried to brain him with the wire cutters. It was all part of a case being built against the rustlers. They no longer hanged rustlers in Montana, but they did get stiff jail time for stealing valuable beef.
+The general signed the central complaint, but the assault on Taz figured into the charges and the time the men were looking at. Taz picked the three men he'd seen at the fence out of three separate lineups. He sat with the general as they listened to the prosecutor describing the case.
+"We've got clear identification. The rustling charges carry substantial time. The assault charge gives us a bit more leverage with the assailant, but as of yet, we can't get anything out of any of them."
+The sheriff was waiting at the jeep when Taz and the general came back to head home.
+"Gen. Walker, I've got a bit of news, and I don't know what to do with it."
+"Sheriff Ward, what can I do for you?"
+"I'm not sure you can do anything. Do you know Bob Meeker?"
+"I've heard the name. I'm not up on my local officials."
+"He's no official. He's an attorney that works exclusively for the White Brotherhood. They have their place on the other side of the pass from your ranch."
+"Not familiar with it or him," the general said.
+"White Brotherhood is a white supremacy group. Meeker is their attorney. They bought a place out your way three years ago. We get alerts from the Justice Department on local militia and militaristic groups. They're all mixed up in mock military type activities."
+"I see. Well, that's all fine, but what does it have to do with me?"
+"Meeker is representing those rustlers. They're connected to the WB. They've been rustling cows in the area to finance their activities. We're right long on suspicion and right short on proof. We've tried to get a man inside their organization, but they're pretty careful about who they take up with. We haven't even got a look inside their compound. No probable cause."
+"Sheriff, I don't see where this involves me or my ranch. I'm an old cowboy and not into local politics. I pay my taxes, and I keep clear of trouble whenever possible. If you have something else to say I suggest you get on with it. I got cows to tend to."
+"No, sir. I want you aware of what's behind the men who took your cows. They might get out on bond, and the likelihood of them ever showing up for trial is slim and less than slim. So, your herd isn't safe and those men are going to be out there somewhere beyond my reach. I don't have enough to tie them to WB to get a search warrant for their compound.
+"The WB isn't going away and if we can talk the judge into holding onto the rustlers, I'm going to need your help. The judge might respond to your request to deny bond. So far we've been able to hold onto them, but I don't know how much longer. Meeker is arguing for bond as we speak."
+"Under those circumstances, give me the judge's name. I'll give him my two cents worth, but I'll have to use you as my source of concern."
+"No problem. He's already heard from me, but he isn't convinced yet. If I can convince him they're likely to disappear because they are with the Brotherhood, he might go for it. You calling to express your concern would make it more likely. Your being willing to back the judge's play with that small army you got out at your place would probably allow him to rest easier.
+"We don't have a big budget to defend the jail, and at the moment I've got no reason to suspect they're about to come take those boys away from me; but then again, I don't have any reason to think they won't if they have a mind to."
+"What do you think these boys are up to? What do they do?"
+"They want to take the country back. Get it in the hands of the rightful owners. If we were further south, the judges down there would cut those boys loose in a minute. They're all right wingers and big believers in being armed and dangerous."
+"The Indians? Why would a white supremacy group want to give the country back to the Indians?" the general wondered out loud.
+"Indians aren't people to them, Gen. Walker. I can appreciate your sense of humor, but white men are people. Everyone else is something else. They think this is their country."
+"Yes, lot of that going around. Doesn't sound like your average Sunday school class. I think I'd like to keep an eye on those fellows if you don't object? I may be retired military but I'm not without influence. I'm still a reserve officer with a lot of cowboys that are reserve soldiers. Any breach of the peace becomes my business."
+"That's what I wanted to hear. I'll be bolder if you're backing my play. If I'm right we'll be able to smoke those boys out of there and shut down the WB."
+"Okay, Sheriff Ward, I'll do what I can. Keep me posted on this thing. I have a communications man on duty at all times. You need a small army, I just happen to have one. I'll see what I can rustle up from my side of the pass. I'll be in touch. I won't move without telling you."
+"Thanks, General. I was told if I explained it to you, you'd come through for me. I feel a bit easier about this deal now. You don't want that crowd living up there."
+Taz sat in the back of the jeep. Kendall turned off on the mountain road to go back to the ranch. The general didn't have anything else to say, but Taz could tell he was thinking about what the sheriff told him. Random rustlers were one thing, but a dangerous organization rustling to fund illegal activity was another.
+The arraignment was scheduled in two weeks, and they'd need to go back to town to be available for whatever might come up. The general made a statement about the rustlers being a flight risk and their attorney objected, but the general prevailed and bail was denied. This alarmed the rustlers, who didn't take it well. Their attorney had obviously misled them.
+There were some extra precautions taken to keep the herd closer to the house, where the general's men could manage them and keep an eye out for anything out of the ordinary. Orders were given over dinner as the general had side arms taken out of storage for his cowboys to wear while on patrol.
+The general didn't like having weapons out around the house but he was a practical man, prepared for any contingency. There was the possibility he and his men might be called on to go clean out a nest of desperadoes. Having soldiers for wranglers meant there was a small army at hand should he need one.
+He intended to be a rancher and nothing else, but something else always managed to take place to remind him he was a general, and he came from a line of generals, and saying he was a rancher didn't change that. He'd seen enough war and dying, and long ago lost the taste for it, but no one was going to threaten him or his ranch.
+Taz saddled Cyclone after dinner and headed back for the mesa. It was the first time his thoughts about Kodak went beyond missing him. For the first time Taz wondered where Kodak might be. It wasn't a wonder if he was dead or alive, but a wonder involving his whereabouts.
+He didn't know it meant anything, except he felt differently, as he tried to picture where his friend might be. Taz had never missed anyone before. He'd never been as close to anyone as he was to Kodak, so missing him was no surprise. It was the idea he was alive that surprised him. He wasn't any great optimist. It went beyond optimism to a feeling he had and didn't understand. That damn old Indian was still fucking around in his head, but how angry could he get if it made him feel better?
+He didn't mention his change of heart to Gen. Walker. The general saw Taz as a pragmatist. It was how a general had to be to keep from getting in his own way. Taz was realistic about his life, and not expecting too much from it was good for him. Kodak was good for him.
+He'd never gotten much of value out of life before Kodak. Each day was just a new struggle. After doing his best to remain hopeful, once he'd heard Kodak's plane was missing, Taz began to doubt. His heart was full of optimism, though he kept it to himself because he was pragmatic.
+If he told the general about his dream and his new feelings about Kodak, the general couldn't help but be wondering if the bottle of bourbon remained sealed. Taz wasn't sure about the dream or its meaning. Thinking about it created doubt, and so he didn't think about it.
+The dream was part of it. There were other things. There was Medicine Band's edict. There was Jeremy's visit, and the conversation about Medicine Band's ability to go into the spirit world to bring back answers. There was nothing to explain how Medicine Band knew anything about Taz. Not only didn't he mention Kodak to anyone at the encampment, he didn't mention Kodak to anyone. He was private, and it had nothing to do with anyone but the two of them.
+Taz wasn't sure what he knew or how he knew it. He felt something. Maybe Medicine Band was responsible. Maybe his own need to believe Kodak was alive had him believing he was. No matter what the reason, he held onto his hope silently, waiting for another sign.
+The general had not mentioned Kodak, and that meant there was no news from his connections with the Pacific Fleet. They had found nothing, which meant there was no wreckage, which meant there was no proof Kodak was at the bottom of the ocean.
+With the rustlers caught, the fences stayed in good repair. Regardless of that, Taz rode the fence line each day. When he was done riding fence to the north, he rode the fence line between the mesa and the meadow, to make sure the cattle were safely confined where the general wanted them.
+Some days he took out Milkweed for this chore. Cyclone snorted and objected to being left in his stall. And when Taz brushed and treated Milkweed affectionately, Cyclone didn't care much for it, and so Taz would always brush Cyclone last, making sure she had all the hay she wanted, which soothed hurt feelings.
+It was early the following week that he rode back toward the Indian encampment, but the field where more than a dozen teepees had stood was empty. He sat for a time, thinking about the events surrounding his visit to the temporary village. It was difficult to be sure that what happened actually happened the way he remembered it.
+The evidence was gone. He rubbed the spot on his head where the wire cutters had hit him. He wanted to believe Kodak was alive, but it had been a long time, and he couldn't even pin down something that happened a week ago.
+He pondered how long someone could survive out in the Pacific alone. As he rode back toward the cabin his mind wandered, and he felt a bit out of sorts. He decided to ride to the ranch house to see if he could get enough wood to build the two horses a corral, where they could run during the day.
+With the sound of wolves at night, he didn't want to let the horses roam free. There was no guarantee they'd be there when he wanted one, so a corral seemed like a good idea. He explained what he wanted to the general and he would have the wood delivered about the time of the arraignment.
+Taz collected a Winchester during his visit, in case the wolves came closer to the cabin. He didn't intend to kill one unless it was necessary, but the rifle created options that might be necessary. He also remembered the rustlers, and didn't want to remain unarmed. He was having thoughts about things that could happen, and he wasn't sure he liked it. Maybe it was because something happened to Kodak.
+The arraignment was routine. Gen. Walker and the sheriff objected to bond. Their connection to the White Brotherhood was cited. Previous defendants with similar connections had disappeared once they were released on bond. Attorney Meeker objected, the judge overruled his objection, and denied the rustlers bond. They were marched back to jail. The trial was set in 30 days.
+Taz drove the wagon load of wood back up to the cabin with Cyclone walking behind. He spent the rest of the afternoon piling the wood where he wanted it. The weather turned warm and sunny, but the soil remained soft from the spring rains that encouraged the grass to grow green.
+Using a post hole digger in the soft soil, he planned the corral to be near the canyon wall to offer the horses some shade for the really hot days. First came the posts, and then he nailed the cross sections to fashion the enclosure. It wasn't pretty, but it would keep them inside where they could exercise.
+As he was working his way around to the front side of the corral, nailing the wood as he went, Taz realized he wasn't alone. Jeremy was in jeans and a button up shirt, while riding an Indian pony with no saddle.
+"Need some help, cowboy?" Jeremy asked.
+"Sure. Nothing like a little help to speed things along."
+"For the horses?" Jeremy asked.
+"Yeah, give them some running room."
+Jeremy held up the wood for Taz to nail in place. It was late afternoon when Taz drew some water for them as they went to sit on the front porch.
+"Brought you some dried venison. You need a root cellar. Keep things cool. Do you have a shovel?"
+"Yeah, but I don't keep much in the way of roots," Taz said.
+"It's a cool place where things will stay fresh longer. Roots, dried meat, canned goods. It's cool storage, since your fridge don't work."
+"Sounds like something convenient."
+"Any news about your friend?"
+"No."
+"Any more dreams?"
+"I don't know I'd call them dreams. I hear his voice at times. Not anything I understand. It's just words. Sometimes it's in the daytime. He's saying Tazerski. Wishful thinking I think. Why'd he be calling me that?"
+"It's your name."
+"He didn't use it. I don't remember him ever calling me that. He probably did, but this is just like he's talking to me. Why would I be imagining him saying something I know he never said?"
+"When did you start hearing his voice?"
+Taz sat for a minute, taking a long pull on his glass of water. He knew precisely when it started, and he wasn't so sure that it wasn't a suggestion put in his head by Medicine Band. The man had talked to him, and now Kodak talked to him, but he wasn't there.
+"The night I left the encampment. The night your father spoke to me."
+"You said there was no one there, when my father spoke to you; but don't you see, I never left the sweat lodge until you got up and left. The sweat lodge was full and no one left but you. Your conversation with Medicine Band was taking place in the spirit world. You were in the middle of the sweat lodge with twenty other Indians and you're the only one that heard my father speak."
+"That's your story."
+"I've heard about it happening. I've done my best to have it happen to me, but I can't let go of my reality. I can't do it and I think you did. I'm hoping I can figure out how."
+"Putting it that way, it's downright scary. I keep thinking I'm crazy. I just want my brain back."
+"The door has been opened. I don't know you can close it. You've got to accept the spirits are present in your life. It'll make you crazy if you don't."
+"That's your version. I've got my own. I don't plan to let spooks make a fool out of me. I can do that all by myself. I don't need help."
+"I'm fascinated, as a shrink and as an Indian. I don't know I understand, but you're proof the spirit world exists. I want to know how you opened the door. I'm not going to stop trying to figure it out. You're proof it can be done."
+"I'm just a guy with a friend who is missing. I try to make sense of it as best I can. What I hear in my head makes no sense."
+"Not in conventional sense, but we don't know everything," Jeremy said confidently.
+This was as close as Jeremy could get to the answer he was seeking.
+"I've talked with my father about it for hours. He thinks I'm limited by the world in which I've lived. He says, I've lost my connection to Mother Earth and all living things. I came home to get it back, if I ever had it. Now that I'm educated, I want the knowledge my father has and could never get me to want to see."
+Jeremy knew his desire to be well-educated disconnected him from what he didn't see as important when he was younger.
+"My father says, by following the path I picked, I was always on a journey back to my people and my roots. While psychiatry had little to do with what I needed to find, what was in the mind, its capacity to see beyond any random boundaries established for it, was key to the answers I seek. He's a smart man and I came home."
+"That's his story."
+"Yes, it is," Jeremy agreed.
+Taz was not an easy man to pin down. The more Jeremy prodded him the less he had to say. Never having a great understanding of himself, or what came after survival, survival was on his mind, which kept his life manageable.
+Letting anyone know what Taz was feeling wasn't an easy proposition. It took Taz a lot of years to figure out what he felt. Only because people asked him about feelings did he wonder if he might have some. He didn't so much feel life as he endured it for most of his childhood. There was one feeling he'd had and did not like in the least, and that was pain. Only after meeting Kodak did he become aware that life wasn't merely pain or no feelings at all. Once he met Kodak he thought there might be more to life than survival.
+The disturbing part of what had taken place in the sweat lodge was how much it upset him. The meaning of it went far beyond his ability to understand it. Discussing it wasn't on his mind. Being unnerved by hearing Kodak's voice speaking his name so clearly to him, was.
+Where his feelings ended and his brain power picked up left him a little short in the substance department. Taz thought he had a firm grip on his life, but no one had to tell him that hearing a voice he hadn't heard in a month saying his name was impossible. He had been hit in the head with a pair of wire cutters and all the weirdness since might be a result of that.
+He wanted to believe it was the blow to the head that accounted for the voices and the sleeplessness that came with them. If Kodak was talking to him, why didn't he do it in the day time? What time was it where he was?
+Jeremy wanted to believe some mysterious door had been opened to another world, and Taz wasn't buying into voodoo. No, there had to be a reasonable explanation that covered it all, but Taz was unable to come up with one. Silence seemed to be the best answer when Jeremy claimed to know. What kind of shrink was
+The Dallas Safari Club controversy
+Websites and newspapers this month have carried many articles and comments about an auction, to be held in Dallas in January 2014, for the right to trophy hunt a black rhino in Namibia. We’re curious as to why this particular trophy hunt auction has received such widespread coverage and comment.
+South Africa introduced limited white rhino hunting in 1968, when there were only 1,800 animals within South Africa (now there are 19,000). Namibia and South Africa have each had the right (under CITES – the Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species) to offer up to five trophy hunts of black rhinos since 2004, when there were around 3,600 black rhinos (now there are 5,055). In other words, black rhino trophy hunting has been on offer for nine years already.
+So what’s new about this story?
+The key difference is that Namibia’s Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET), which owns all black rhino in Namibia, has decided to auction this particular trophy hunt in a different way. Normally, MET holds auctions in Windhoek, Namibia, which are attended by a mix of individuals and companies. Most of the bidders will be hunting safari operators, who buy permits to shoot particular numbers of specific species, and then offer these to their mailing list of clients, making a nice margin for themselves along the way. In South Africa, state departments like Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife do the same thing: hold an auction, within KwaZulu-Natal in this case, and hope the customers will come to them.
+Instead, MET has looked at where the wealthiest hunters are – and these tend to be American or German – and has focused on getting the best possible price for a black rhino trophy hunt. Rather than hold the auction in Namibia, and hope that there are enough people with serious funds in the room to drive the bid up, they’ve gone straight to the potential customers – in this case, the members of Dallas Safari Club. Funds from this auction will go to the Game Products Trust Fund in Namibia and will be ring-fenced specifically for rhino conservation efforts.
+Texas is one of the wealthiest states in the USA and it makes sense to set your stall out where the money is. There’s no point opening a shop selling de Beers’ diamonds in a council estate in a rundown city suburb. Indeed, the Club’s Executive Director, Ben Carter, thinks the trophy could go for as much as US $750,000.
+In 2013, Namibia issued three trophy hunting permits, and auctioned them in the usual way, in Windhoek. These permits sold for N$2.18m, N$1.815m and N$1.815m, which at today’s exchange rate work out at US $223,000, US $185,000 and US $185,000. On this basis, if Carter’s prediction holds true, MET’s experiment could be a very profitable one, with over three times as much raised for black rhino conservation than the previous method.
+Why, people ask, is a conservation organization like MET or Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife even allowing trophy hunts in the first place? Couldn’t they get $750,000 without having to suffer an animal being shot?
+Well yes, it would be nice if donors gave enough money to cover the spiralling costs of protecting rhinos from poachers. Or if enough photographic tourists visited parks and reserves to cover all the costs of community outreach and education programmes. But that just doesn’t happen. It costs around $500,000 a year to run a relatively small rhino programme with only 20-30 animals. Heaven only knows how much it costs to run Kruger National Park in South Africa, or Etosha National Park in Namibia.
+Fundraising for rhinos is hard. We’re not just competing for funds against other endangered species – elephants, tigers, polar bears, pandas – but against cancer charities, children’s charities, or the most recent natural disaster.?
+We’re not surprised that this innovation has come from Namibia. The country led the way with community-based natural resource management programmes in the 1990s, an approach that has widely been hailed as keeping communities on the side of wildlife as rhino poaching has stormed through Zimbabwe, South Africa and Kenya. MET has been an early adopter of various types of new technologies for protecting rhino – UAVs, tags, microchipping rhino, satellite bracelets etc.
+Let’s see if MET has made the right call on holding this auction in Dallas.
+Click here to read a good article by Steve and Ann Toon, who recently interviewed Pierre du Preez, the national rhino co-ordinator for the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). Pierrre explains the history of sustainable wildlife utilisation in Namibia and the importance of funding from the Game Products Trust Fund.
+Click here to read a comment from the IUCN African Rhino Specialist Group regarding the recent Dallas Safari Club black rhino permit auction
+Click here to read a comment from the IUCN Sustainable Livelihoods Specialist Group regarding the recent Dallas Safari Club black rhino permit auction
+(33) Comments
+Why should a Rhino have to die to save the rest? It is cruel and one more Rhino death is one too many! Why do these stupid multi millionaires not just donate the money they would spend at an auction to a trust worthy Rhino organisation? But NOOOOO they have to show off to their stupid rich friends and family with a trophy! Where is the humanity in humans?
+Great article that will, i hope, stimulate minds rather than enflame passions. The sustainable or consumptive use debate has been going on quietly for years. When I did my MSc. in Conservation Biology in the late 90's i was passionate about wildlife and adamant that hunting was bad.
+One of our lecturers a rhino expert no less, talked at length with us about the "benefits" of a sustainable resource use model which is one that has been implicitly supported by some big NGO's for years. This model allows for buffer zones between National Parks and local communities where local people may benefit from revenue from limited hunting, giving them a tangible benefit from living next door to wildlife. These so called Game Management Areas (GMA) are an integral part of the conservation toolkit across Africa and reflect the challenges faced by Protected Area managers and scientists on a daily basis.
+These kinds of strategies reflect the reality of excluding local people from huge areas of land and water that they could or used to derive a livelihood or sustenance from.
+It is all too easy to forget that we in the West have already destroyed much of our wildlife. The US Fish and Wildlife Service is a multi billion dollar agency that presides over a hunting industry that kills an estimated 200 million animals a year, and removes predators in areas to improve the hunting. This is the pot calling the kettle black.
+A recent article in the Guardian newspaper by George Monbiot, and his book Feral, highlights the fact that we have had to invent a whole new science to repair our complete destruction of the flora and fauna of yesteryear. "Rewilding" is the fledgling science of man recreating complete ecosystems of the past. Sure its clever but we had to mess it all up to make it useful, and biodiversity is still declining in the West.
+I am still passionate about wildlife and still hate hunting but in order to really save the worlds wild places and the wildlife that live there we cannot preach from our shaky platform. We have to work with local communities to help them see the real financial benefit in man-eating lions or crop-raiding elephants, and we MUST avoid exporting our industrial farming practices that would ultimately lead to a "Rewild Africa" campaign in 30 years time.
+If we want these auctions to stop WE must fund the fight for the worlds wildlife with real money. The global economy generates US$70+ trillion a year. WE CAN afford to stop the destruction but it can't be done the way we are going about it. "if you keep doing what you are doing, you will keep getting what you are getting!"
+Sorry but this is morally wrong and there is never a good reason to hunt for 'sport'. You've lost me as a doner and i'm extrememly disappointed in your post.
+Disgusting excuses for human beings
+One word - IDIOTS!!!!!! Despite teaching my children to never call anyone this word, nothing else comes to mind!! If these people had one brain cell, it would be lonely. Can't believe that such senseless, thoughtless, idiotic decisions are being made in the light of the struggle we are facing trying to protect our wildlife!
+Why is the rhino on the endangered list? Because there are too few of them to sustain populations into the future. How come trophy hunting can be justified in this scenario. This trophy hunting is nothing but business gimmick to allow perverts to kill priceless animals for pleasure.A right thinking man would donate money to save rhinos not pay for trophy hunting.Introduce a wild protection tax on the incomes of the super rich for enjoying filthy comforts.
+To those who are suspicious of this, you should know that under US law, US scientists have to certify that this hunt BENEFITS the species before the hunter can import the trophy. They have already done this in relation to other black rhinos hunted under this programme. So while you may not approve of hunting, you cannot deny that this really does help black rhino conservation.
+NO this must not be allowed AT ALL There should be NO EXCEPTIONS
+Sustainable use programs like the one for Black Rhino described in this article provide a real economic incentive for conservation. It is an economic incentive for those who share their local environment with the wildlife we seek to preserve, and for those in charge of the environment in these countries. The alternatives described above are to raise money by charitable appeals or by taxation. Neither of these provide a sustainable economic basis for the long term survival of endangered species. You might not like sustainable use (of which hunting is an example) but you cannot deny it provides the economic incentive that is vital to the long term survival of any species.
+Marcus, we have crop raiding elephants because we humans have steadily taken more and more land for our own use. I'm sure they'd happily keep their distance if they had a choice! Other species have a right to live on this planet and should be given space in which to do so.
+If you take an animals life it should be to eat it. It ain't right that a rhino has to die just because some fat arsed rich tosser wants to feel like a big man. if you want to shoot it, use a bloody camera, not a rifle! That way it'll be there for future generations.
+A very good article and one that should make people think with their heads and not their hearts.
+I am pro conservation and am not at all interested in hunting. The idea of hunting for sport and trophy disgusts me. But I am open minded enough to realise that there is a place for it in today's world.
+Coming from Zimbabwe where the Campfire Project helped villages and wildlife live in harmony for many years, I agree with Namibia's plans.
+The sad truth, is that for animals & wildlife to survive this money hungry, modern world, they have to serve a purpose. The project would, together with the Department of Environmental Affairs, select a certain number of animals to hunt each year. The animals hunted were generally the older non productive animals who were coming to the end of their productive breeding lives. Culling these animals would make way for younger and new blood to be introduced.
+In the end the hunter had his trophy and the villages received a large percentage of the moneys from the hunt which encouraged them to protect the animals on their land from poaching.
+The same is being done with the Black Rhino that is going up for auction in Namibia. This animal will be passed his breeding prime. He will be preventing young, new blood from breeding and thereby having a negative effect on their numbers.
+Why not turn the situation around and 'use' this animal, who would otherwise die a natural death, to benefit the rest of the population? Done properly, the hunt will enable so much more to be done for rhino conservation, than his natural death would.
+If everyone had to sit down and seriously think about this, emotions aside, they would realise it makes perfect sense!
+Hi John, I do agree with you. We are losing habitat so fast that animals and humans are in close contact much more often, and I am not trying to argue that hunting is the answer, just that for the time being it is a reality, and one that brings in big bucks. In SA for example hunting generated R1.1billion in 2010
+I learned a lot about Campfire that K Ferguson mentions from conservationists including rhino experts who helped design and implement the strategy in Zim and beyond and it has worked by degrees. It is all for the benefit of wildlife AND local people.
+The absolutist position, No hunting under any circumstances, is not a real world position. In places like Tanzania and Kenya 80% of the population live in rural communities meaning that the only choices they have in life involve using the natural resources on their doorstep to survive. How can we from the comfort of our armchairs tell them that they must live in poverty to protect wildlife?
+We have to use any means necessary to enable communities to develop sustainably without destroying their environment and this requires money. Eventually we would hope that the funds they can derive from trophy hunting can be replaced by other things.
+But please consider IMO that leading by example matters. We have destroyed our own wildlife and we hunt too. We also eat animals. 10 billion animals killed for food in the US annually. Nearly 60 billion world wide.
+Lets help developing countries develop as fast as possible and in the most environmentally sustainable way possible. Most importantly by standing up against Industrial Agriculture and Big Oil.
+It's truly sad when individuals can't put aside emotions to look at the facts. You may not like hunting. You may not ever want to hunt, but as the above points out hunt conservation is a model that works. There would be no white rhino, black rhino, or even whitetail deer if it were not for hunters. Despite this, there are those that would rather see a species go extinct than allow one or two past breeding aged animals to be taken for sport.
+I expect to be called an idiot and a murderer and threatened - it's happened in the past. But I stand by facts, not a rainbow and unicorn view of a world that doesn't and has never existed.
+Conservation efforts cost money. Lots of money. And, as mentioned in the article, it takes a lot of money to protect the Rhinos. The reason the DSC was able to set up this auction is because the Namibian government knows that the DSC will be able to raise a lot of money to protect the Rhinos. If somebody else could raise just as much money, the government of Namibia would be talking to them.
+Now, if people feel so "shocked", "horrified", and/or "disgusted" about this hunt, then spend/donate money to protect the Rhinos. Develop a solution that directly pays for people to protect/preserve the Rhinos. Don't just whine about it. I'm not trying to be negative about this, but talking/complaining/"raising awareness" does absolutely nothing to protect the Rhinos. Money does.
+According to the National Geographic Society, poachers have killed between 2 and 3 Rhinos every day of this year. If we do not find a solution that puts money directly into the hands of those that will protect and preserve these animals, we are going to lose them forever. The DSC, with the Namibian and US government, has come up with a plan to do just that.
+Why this is having so much attention? Because the general public didn't know about those practices. Trophy hunting is a short term solution and your endorsement shows that you practically gave up on education to let hunters have their way. It's saying that animals aren't worth saving unless we have a use them. It's an admission of failure. I understand the rationale, but it's an "end justifies the means" approach. What will it be next time? What will be the new rationale? And what if the permits are sold for less and less money? It's a slippery slope and that hunting club's idea is not the solution. And by the way, I notice that your article doesn't refer at all to the actual amount of money those hunting permits fetch. Why is it kept secret? Is someone accountable for the money? I think if your goal is to save rhinos, you should be happy with the public attention.I seem to recall that on Twitter, you weren't so gung-ho about this auction. Why the change of heart?
+So this is what man comes to in our century. If not for "financial incentives" then wildlife will suffer.
+While I understand the balanced "objective" non emotional viewing of this two sided equation, ... and the necessity of financially incenting as described, ... it is shameful that we as a species require financial incentives to produce a good outcome for wildlife.
+WHAT IF: Here's an interesting and "objective" reversal: What if we tag a handful of humans per year. We could sacrifice them to "X" animal for hunting (sort of coliseum style). The revenues raised could be used for "X" human cause that the rest of us need. Yeah, I'm sure that sounds fair. Everyone would certainly go along with that. Hmmmmmmm
+It is definitely worth a try. Your article should also have mentioned that Namibian authorities will designate the rhino to be hunted, an older, irascible one past breeding age and one that fights and harms other rhinos. In other words, one that actually interferes with growth of the population. True conservationists would endorse this.
+A rhino hunt? Endorsed by blood thirsty gun packing Americans always find a pathetic excuse to kill something. Sad excuse for humanity.
+I don´t lose time discusing with all those anti-hunting. Unfortunately, they are not driven with the purpose of protecting endangered species, they ultimate goal is to print in everybody´s mind that animals are equal to humans and because of that, its wrong to kill animals. Animals are not equal to humans and that became obvious when you see that humans have moral, can make choices beyond their insticts and more important, they are rational. The anti-hunters want to call us "blood and ego thirsty individuals" but they don´t want to recognise their psicological problems watching the bambi´s mom deaht and -more important- that hunting is doing more to protect endangered species that their PETA, Greenpeace ad HUSUS protest that only raise money to finance this people making protests instead of being an active part of the solution. At least hunters are trasparent with the use of the money raised in hunting permits and the most part is applied with land management. For me, your use of "humanity" its a sad and pathetic excuse to raise money and don´t do nothing to save the ecology. The well greased gears of the protest industry don´t do nothing to take care of our enviroment.
+How many of you anti-hunters have donated one cent to the survival of the animals you are so passionate about "saving"? I have been to South Africa where my license and trophy fees have contributed a great deal to the conservation and propagation of the species I hunted. Also, every game aminal we harvested was butchered and eaten, some by us, but the majority of it by the resident consession workers who are given free meat each day to take home for their families. We here in the U.S. pay something called the Pittman/Robertson act tax on every purchase of outdoor recreation, hunting and ammunition that contributes muti-millions to the conservation effort of animals that would be extinct without sportsman in our country. Whitetail deer, turkeys, elk, bighorn sheep, grizzly bears, wolves, mountain lions and many more species have been saved from the brink of disaster by concerned sportsmen. Get educated before you condemn the pro-hunting/conservation platform. It works and is best for all parties concerned, even the animals who without it would be either extinct or overpopulated and diseased/starving. Nature is hard yet beautiful, brutal yet resourceful and replenishing. We do best to work with it to wisely use this resource and appreciate the gift God has given us to be steward over. Poaching is the problem in Africa for rhinos, elephants and several other large species. But the true problem stems from political systems that produce poverty and injustice, where people will do anything to make a buck, and have little or no regard for human or wildlife.
+Interesting to read the debate, and I am actually not sure which side to choose. But as a comment to some of the guys above, I would like to present myself - yes, I eat meat and I hunt a small amount of it myself. I do not hunt to hang a trophy on the wall. To Steven I can say that I spend quite a lot of money on hunting (with a camera) trips to Namibia, Botswana and other countries in southern Africa, and......... I spend some of my salary each month on antipoaching actvities through the WWF - so try not to patronize me by saying "you don't know about this or that".
+Now - about the issue - the saving of some by killing another?
+Yes, I can agree on that since there seem to be no other way to finance the anti-poaching squads.
+But, I can not readily accept the stupidity in the rich people of the world, the Chinese who buys the products from the poachers and their middle-men or the Westerners (seems to be a majority of such in the red-neck belt in the US) who wants to kill something to be able to brag about their money and the danger in killing a half-blind animal,which was chased in front of their Landrover.
+And.............if killing is so acceptabel to save some, why not start killing off elderly people and people with incurabel diseases to get organs? Or pay a fee to shoot persons with a death sentence - they will get killed anyway....
+Most will say that this would not be acceptable and start gibbering about the difference between humans and animals - and there are differences, lika animals are not evil, animals will only kill to protect themselves or to eat (a fox killing off a lot of hens does not do it for fun or bloodthirst, it just lacks the ability to stop as long as the hens flap and try to flee)
+So - to finish it off - I can accept this Rhino auction, but I loathe the reasons for it and the bidders
+And now the Dallas Safari Club is using this column as evidence that their hunt is acceptable.
+It just disgusts me that rich white men are going to third world countries to kill endangered species. And your lukewarm support is even more disgusting.
+First of all i would like to thank Dallas Safari Club for taking the positive step towards conserving our uniquely adapted desert Black Rhino's. To all the critics i would like give my opinion. The fat arsed rich white man who likes to inflate his ego by hunting and displaying his trophy. While on the hunt he might resent himself for not opting to run the comrades or fish river marathon instead. This is not done from the back of a land cruiser with a cooler box full of nice cold beverages and snacks. You slam hunters but what about poachers? Have you seen the cruelty they bestow upon their quarry? They will take pregnant cows, young calves, and in some cases the animals horn is chopped off and its still alive afterwards! They dont hunt selectively! Spend your time and energy on waking up asia so they don't think rhino horns have any medicinal value! Research has shown that taking out the old counterproductive bulls that are very aggressive towards their own species also benefit the rhino population as a whole. The system works at and thats that - it has been working for many years. The estimated amount the permit will go for on the auction is USD 750,000-00. While the whole world is crying foul over this topic no one is saying two words about the stupendous amounts of bucks earned per film by actors. A private art collector spent USD 250million on a painting. That is atrocious in my opinion - why dont you go crying about that instead of berating a group of people for doing something positive about an issue. People who go to africa, spend money, get out in nature and experience it full on. But instead you sit in your armchair and criticise. And discuss it with your buddy or bff while sipping a starbucks latte. Wearing make up tested on some poor chimp in some lab somewhere. Why dont you book a safari, come to Africa, get out in the lekker hot sun and make a diffirence ( you would have to take a long safari to even contribute a small fraction of what that rich fat arsed hunter is pumping into our conservation trusts ) But you probably would rather go to some tropical island somewhere to be pampered and massaged....
+A really interesting set of comments so far. I wonder if there is a set of common goals no matter who's "side" (hunting vs no hunting) of this debate you are on. Can both sides agree on the following -
+(a) Seek that the Black Rhino species to live on, ultimately to no longer be "endangered"
+(b) Seek an end (or at least a significant reduction) to poaching
+(c)Seek an end (or at least significant reduction) to the illegal rhino horn trade
+(d) Agree that funding needs to be raised to adequately resource Rhino Conservation
+(e) Seek accountability on how those funds raised are to be spent on Rhino Conservation
+(f) Seek that adequate evidence is provided for any Rhino deemed counterproductive to a Rhino population (ie. counterproductive = causing stagnation or decreases to a Rhino populations) and therefore requires "removal" from that population.
+I think it is important to find what can be agreed on across the spectrum of participants in this discussion. Ultimately, the dispute lies with "how" we achieve these goals, if these goals (above) can be agreed on. I would welcome comments on the goals above.
+A few key points of contention that stand out are:
+From the perspective of those that are broadly "against" hunting an endangered species - It appears that the hunting fraternity seek the opportunity to "hunt" and "kill" a Rhino, and "justify" this by saying that hunting generates the necessary funding for conservation. This is largely viewed as an "excuse" to hunt.
+There appears to be a consistent message from the Hunting fraternity that they are the ones putting money into Rhino (and other species) conservation and that those that are "against hunting" do no contribute financially, or if they do contribute, the funding is inadequate.
+Those against hunting view the hunting fraternity as "blood thirsty" and egotistical.
+The hunting fraternity view those against hunting as having unrealistic expectations and living in something of a fantasy world remote form reality.
+Some of these views,appear to stem from the current situation for Rhino populations - at this point in time, the Black Rhino is endangered. This conversation, and some of the views, could potentially be vastly different if the Black Rhino was not endangered. Everyone has different views on how we should get to that point in time.
+I'd like to note that there has been no meaningful discussion of an alternative to actually hunting and killing the Rhino that requires "removal" - neither the hunting fraternity or those "against" hunting have mentioned alternatives for "removal", such as relocation to a sanctuary, zoo, or other? Would a zoo or sanctuary want/ have a need/see benefits in housing a male Black Rhino past it's breeding prime? What are the practicalities, financial implications, for alternatives? What would people be willing to do for an alternative solution to "remove" this Rhino (and up to 5/year based on current hunting permits?)
+I wonder - if it could be shown that this Rhino (and others) could successfully be relocated and become, for example, an ambassador for the Rhino Species, and a similar amount of money be to that expected to be raised by auction for Rhino Conservation - would the hunting fraternity and those opposed to hunting fraternity be equally happy? What common goals are not met by an alternative?
+Looking at the common goals (if they can be agreed on), the Auction scenario appears to do nothing to increase awareness of the plight of the Rhino, and it could be argued that it promotes the killing of an endangered species, and it appears to do nothing to combat poaching etc. Unless funding raised can be specifically shown to be spent in the certain areas - such as education, anti poaching, etc, then are there alternatives to hunting and killing.
+There is no denying that the hunting fraternity can raise significant amounts of money. Just like some people can afford to purchase million dollar pairings to hang on their walls. Some others have barely a penny to rub together, but still care about the Rhino and other endangered species none the less.
+The question needs to be asked: "Acknowledging that the Hunting fraternity can come up with significant money, why can't the hunting fraternity simply raise funding for Rhino Conservation, without the hunting permit, and manage those funds specifically to achieve the agreed goals?". Does there have to be a "hunt" and "kill" for the hunting fraternity to donate funding to Rhino Conservation? If the hunting fraternity could raise funding without the "hunt and kill", in the longer term - once the Rhino is no longer endangered - people form all backgrounds may be more open minded about the acceptability to hunt a Rhino.
+Youressica, I beg to differ with your acerbic attack. Instead of providing us all with your insightful reasons as to why to found the post to be idiotic, you blessed us all with your your own insanely idiotic post. At no point in your short ramble were you even close to providing a rational thought.
+This is the type of reply that causes more friction than good. Here we have someone laying out observations and asking questions in an attempt to perhaps come to terms with each others' agendas. To maybe find common ground. Instead of you carefully reading the post and addressing her comments one by one, you attack.
+There were several posts hear asking the anti-hunters to think with reason and not passion. I must question whether you thought at all. I cannot figure out what side you are on. Perhaps you do not agree with what she posted, but instead of sounding less intelligent than you accuse the author of being, you should provide a coherent substantiated retort.
+Now in case this was all too much for you, i will simplify it: Your comment was uncalled for, inconsiderate, unintelligent, and combative. Go find an elementary school website to post on since that seems to be your level. Good day to you.
+To Steven- Hunting sometimes works for conservation and sometimes it does not. There are several factors involved. The biggest one being does the money truly go to conservation. unfortunately is does not always go there especially when dealing with corrupt safari companies and governments. I am not arguing the hunting issue here, just that it is not as black and white as you make it appear. Whether an anti-hunter has donated money or not is as relevant as if a pro-hunter has ever paid for an expensive hunt. Hunters are not necessarily paying for conservation, many are paying to hunt, with conservation being the by product. Too often each side tries to vilify the other. No doubt there are anti-hunters who are uneducated in the matter just as there are hunters who could not care less about conservation and only care to kill. I could ask the question- how many hunters contribute to conservation just for the good of it? Will those who bid at DSC and loose still contribute money to conservation without getting the chance to kill something?
+Hey Rhino Killers, yeah you wearing the t shirt that says I'm a kill crazy idiot! I'm calling PETA, The Humane Society, and any straight headed person on this planet on you! Save the Rhino huh? How about kill everyone you can find and boast about IT!
+I'm very disappointed to hear that the Save the Rhino organisation supports these practices. I was unaware that this type of thing was allowed, much less supported by this organisation, until the uproar over this very publicised one made headlines. My husband and I have been supporters of Save the Rhino, but this support will be reviewed this year. Practices that reinforce and publicise the monetary value of a dead rhino surely does nothing to discourage poachers.
+Dear anonymous commentator
+I’m sorry to read that you are considering whether to continue to support Save the Rhino International because of our support for the sustainable use of wildlife.
+Could I please ask you, if you haven’t done so already, to read two articles posted on our site:
+- Firstly, for background information on trophy hunting overall:
+- And secondly, an article by the IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Scientific Officer for the African Rhino Specialist Group, on why the IUCN believes that trophy hunting has a role to play in rhino conservation efforts:
+It’s an extremely difficult issue, and I hope you understand that our position has not been taken lightly, but has been considered with great care and using the best scientific advice available.
+I understand the concept. I understand hunting brings in revenue. But, when is it okay to do something ethically questionable for profit? For example, couldn't the US and China have made lots of money by selling ivory rather than crushing it!? They could have given the money to elephant charities. They did not want to promote ivory use under any circumstance. Why is it okay to promote trophy hunting? WWF is trying hard to decrease trophy hunting by their "I am not a rug" campaign and another organization is supporting it.... It doesn't make sense to have good and bad trophy hunting-- it sends the wrong message. How far do you go to make money? Why is it okay to sell a rhino for trophy, but not an elephant for tusks or a tiger for fur??? I suspect this will hurt your long term fund raising too-- I hope it was worth it.
+Hi
+As a Namibian and having been involved for many years as a guide, I can tell you the community based conservation is not working as planned.. I can go now to the North west of Namibia and buy a Oryx antelope for N$350 from the community with out a hunting permit.. greed drives these communities now, just look at the conservation efforts of desert lion conservation efforts and how many Lions they have lost through poisoning etc in communal areas... The Namibian government is the problem here as they could help save their Rhinos in stead of refurbishing parliament buildings for hundreds of millions and channel money to conservation this is stupid..Follow Botswana and stop all hunting of key icon species.. there are none left for heavens sake!!!!!
+@savetherhino You shoulld be ashamed to be in support of this!!!!!!!! Disgraceful SAVE THE RHINO.......What a Joke!
+Private Pool, Golf Course, Low Summer Rates, 8 Miles to 'Desert Trip'
+Property description
+NEWLY RENOVATED Modern and Luxurious 3 Bedroom/2 Bathroom Home with a private pool located on the Palm Desert Country Club Golf Course:
+Here you will enjoy your private pool and spa and beautiful view of the golf course. This home is a short walk to the Indian Wells Tennis Garden (home of the BNP Paribas Open and major shuttle location for all the Festivals) a short drive to El Paseo, Coachella/Stagecoach and less than half an hour from the Palm Springs Airport.
+LIVING/DINING Room: This home boasts an open floor plan that allows your conversation to flow freely from the kitchen to the living/dining room. The Main Living Room has a large flat screen tv and a brand new sectional sofa (comfortable enough to sleep on). The modern fireplace can be lit up on those cooler winter evenings giving you that cozy feeling. The dining room comes equipped with a wood table that seats six and can be extended to seat more (table extensions available).
+KITCHEN: The kitchen comes with new cabinets, Cambria Quartz countertops and stainless steel appliances (including a large french door refrigerator, 5 burner gas stove, dishwasher and garbage disposal). The kitchen is equipped with all of your modern day conveniences allowing you to serve up a gourmet meal all while your guests sit at the kitchen bar and enjoy their favorite drink.
+BEDROOMS: The master bedroom comes with a King sized bed and all NEW bedding. The walk in closet leads to your luxurious newly renovated ensuite and your patio sliding doors that lead out to the pool and spa. The second bedroom also comes equipped with a King sized bed with all NEW bedding and a flat screen TV. The third bedroom has a Twin Over Full bunk bed and comes with a Twin trundle mattress underneath (all NEW bedding). In the closet you will find some books/toys as well as a pack n' play so bring the kids and grandkids. *Please note that while this third bedroom is appropriate for children, we ensured that it would also suit the needs of an adult single or couple.
+Two Twin air mattresses are provided to sleep 2 additional guests to a maximum of ten available upon request for a fee of $50 per additional guest per night.
+OUTSIDE: The gorgeous and peaceful north facing backyard overlooks the 13th hole of the Palm Desert Country Club Golf Course. The backyard has a GATED Pool/Spa, a large BBQ, fireplace and lots of comfortable outdoor seating. The front yard has an alcove with a lovely seating area.
+The property has a variety of citrus fruit bearing trees including orange, lemon, lime and grapefruit. If you come at the right time, you will be able to enjoy picking fresh fruit from the trees.
+OTHER: The Home is equipped with High Speed Wireless Internet, Cable (Frontier Fios). The laundry room has a Brand New Washer & Dryer.
+We, the homeowners, have two daughters and because of this, we understand the value of vacationing in a child friendly environment. We have ensured that this home is safe and fun for children but the 'child safe' features will not interfere with those vacationing without children. If you are traveling with children, leave your high chair, toys and pack n play at home. Just take a peek in our cupboards/closets and you will find plenty of items.
+Stagecoach & Coachella have Special Pricing. Pool Heating is charged at $50 per day.
+Permit #15-43877
+When you're ready to book, here are some tips to keep in mind.
+Paying with a credit card on VRBO protects your payment for up to $10,000 against listing fraud. We recommend completing your booking on VRBO.Learn more
++1 604-440-4707
+Owner
+Member since: 2015
+Property Type
+- House
+- 2000 sq. ft.
+Accommodation Type
+- Vacation Rental
+Meals
+- Guests Provide Their Own Meals
+Onsite Services
+- Housekeeper Included
+- Concierge
+Suitability
+- Children Welcome:
+This home is perfectly suited for your children and comes with a gated pool, toys, books, high chair, pack n play and the list goes on. ...moreless
+- Limited Accessibility:
+We have a wide entry to our home with two small steps that a wheelchair can probably navigate over. Though the home is a rancher style, we have a step down to the 'sunken' living room. All hallways are wide but the bathroom/bedroom doors are narrow. ...moreless
+- Non Smoking Only:
+We are very serious about our non smoking policy since we have two children and one has severe allergies to smoke. If you are caught smoking in our home, you will lose your full damage deposit. ...moreless
+- Pets Not Allowed:
+We are very serious about our no pet policy since we have two children and one has severe allergies to pets. If you are caught bringing a pet into our home, you will lose your full damage deposit. If you have a dog that is hypoallergenic, please make a separate inquiry so that we may consider this option. ...moreless
+Bedrooms: 3 Bedrooms, Sleeps 8, Beds for 8
+- Bedroom 1: 1 king
+- Bedroom 2: 1 king
+- Bedroom 3: 1 double, 1 twin/ single, 1 bunk bed
+Twin over full bunk with a pull out twin mattress-4 people...moreless
+- Two blow up mattresses are provided to sleep 2 additional guests (9,10) to a maximum of ten people, available upon request only. There is an additional $50 per night fee per guests 9 and 10. ...moreless
+Other Amenities
+- Please note that pool heating is an additional $50 per day. Concierge service will greet you at the home and will also do a post trip inspection of the home to assess condition. They are there to respond to emergency situations that may arise during your stay. If you request their services for non emergency situations, their fees are charged at $45.00 per hour, or per visit if less than an hour. ...moreless
+Entertainment
+- Games:
+We have a games cupboard with cards and a few classic games appropriate for all ages...moreless
+- Television:
+Living Room: 47 " Flat Screen, HDTV with Blue Ray DVD player, Verizon Fios, Netflix Spare Room: 22' Flat Screen TV with Verizon Fios...moreless
+Theme
+- Away From It All
+- Family
+- Romantic
+- Sports & Activities
+- Tourist Attractions
+Location Type
+Dining
+- Child's Highchair
+- Dining
+- Dining Area
+- Seating for 6 people
+General
+- Air Conditioning:
+Central Air Conditioning & Evap. Cooler (instructions for cooler included). Note: Excessive use of A/C will be charged to renter ...moreless
+- Clothes Dryer:
+New Whirlpool Cabrio...moreless
+- Fireplace:
+Please follow instructions in the instruction manual located at the home. ...moreless
+- Garage:
+The house does have a garage that you will have access to but we ask that you park on the driveway as we use the garage for storage. ...moreless
+Kitchen
+- Coffee Maker:
+We have a new 12 cup coffee maker and grinder asa well as a Starbucks Barista Espresso maker (we love coffee)...moreless
+- Dishes & Utensils:
+Dishes and Silverware for 16 people...moreless
+- Dishwasher:
+Frigidaire Professional Series ...moreless
+- Kitchen:
+Newly Renovated Kitchen with Quartz countertops by Cambria. A chef's dream kitchen. ...moreless
+- Microwave
+- Oven:
+Frigidaire Gallery Series ...moreless
+- Pantry Items:
+We will have a variety of items in the pantry and if it is there, you are welcome to it. If you use it all, please replace it. Items available vary and typically include, spices, flour, sugar etc. ...moreless
+- Refrigerator:
+Frigidaire Gallery French door, stainless steel with lower freezer ...moreless
+- Stove:
+Frigidaire Gallery Five burner stainless steel...moreless
+- Toaster
+Outside
+- Deck / Patio:
+Deck with plenty of seating, see pictures. Outdoor fire feature....moreless
+- Golf:
+Located on the Palm Desert Country Club. Golf Clubs and cart not included. ...moreless
+- Lawn / Garden
+- Outdoor Grill:
+Pool / Spa
+House Cleaning
+- Housekeeper Included
+Reviews
+RatesCurrency Conversion
+Additional information about rental rates
+Fees and Rental Conditions:
+- Cleaning Fee $255 + tax
+- Property Damage Protection $99
+- Tax Rate 9%
+Notes:
+Rates are subject to change until the reservation is confirmed.
+There is an optional spa/pool heating fee of $50 Link and Tammie Baker and we have two beautiful daughters Zoe and Eva. We have spent the last four years renovating this home and preparing it for your perfect vacation. We share our time between Vancouver Canada and Palm Desert.
+Why the Owner Chose Palm Desert, CA, USA:
+We purchased this home for MANY reasons. First, because of its perfect location. We are across from Indian Wells, a one minute drive to La Quinta and Bermuda Dunes, five minute drive to El Paseo, a short walk to the BNP Tennis Stadium and a short drive to Coachella/Stagecoach. Our home backs onto the 13th hole of the Palm Desert Country Club and the views are stunning. Secondly, we love the layout of this home. It is a rancher with large sliding windows heading to the back yard/pool area. I love making dinner in our newly renovated kitchen because of the gorgeous view of the golf course. We love the modern design of this home and have thoroughly enjoyed renovating it and preparing it for you to enjoy your stay.
+The Unique Benefits at this House:
+There are many unique benefits of this home. The extensive renovation includes new paint, floors, lighting, bathrooms, kitchen, laundry room and the list goes on. Because we have two children we ensured that our home would be fun and safe for travelers with kids. The front alcove has a sitting area with a little homemade play house. We put a gate around the pool but the gate does not interfere or obstruct your ability to enjoy the pool. We have supplied the home with toy boxes, books and some baby/toddler supplies that can all be tucked away if you are vacationing without children. We also value comfortable sleeping and so we have TWO king beds. Let's face it, if you are traveling with two couples you don't want to have to flip a coin to see who gets the King bed.
+Send email
+- Primary: +1 604-440-4707
+Photos
+Pool and hot tub with lounge chairs
+Fantastic juicy oranges from the tree behind the hot tub.
+Backyard Lounge area.
+Patio seating overlooking pool with propane fire feature.
+Front of House at dusk
+Open floor-plan living room with gas fireplace.
+A little work at the desk while looking out onto the pool and golf course.
+Open concept dining area near front entry foyer.
+Modern master bathroom creates a spa like feel.
+2nd Bedroom with King bed.
+Second bathroom, modern and luxurious.
+Sunny day perfect for a dip
+Looking out to the 13th tee box of Palm Desert C. C. golf course.
+Lounge with large outdoor grill. Completely fenced in pool area for safety.
+Front yard with palm and citrus trees.
+Front alcove with children's playhouse and seating
+Open concept kitchen lets you visit while you cook.
+New modern kitchen with all the conveniences, complete with quartz countertops.
+Master bedroom with King Bed and backyard access through sliding doors.
+Master bedroom with walk through closets looking into the master bathroom.
+3rd Bedroom with Twin over Full bunkbed and Twin mattress trundle bed underneath
+Double vanity in 2nd/Common area bathroom.
+VRBO #702356<<
+.
+1. Fantastic Four – March 6, 2015
+If the idea of another Fantastic Four film makes you groan, you’re not the only one. Fantastic Four and it’s sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of Silver Surfer were almost universally panned by both critics and fans — the latter of which have been continually disappointed by a mediocre-at-best adaptation of one of the most beloved Marvel comics of all time.
+Luckily for everyone who wants to see the comic series created with justice, 20th Century Fox (NASDAQ:FOXA) has apparently heard the complaints and intends to respond using the Warner Bros. method — reboot. The 2015 Fantastic Four film is set to be a complete reboot of the series from the ground up. The film will be directed by Josh Trank who helmed the well-regarded and highly lucrative Chronicle (2012), which made $126 million on a $12 million budget and won over superhero fans and critics alike.
+Aside from that, there’s not much other information. However, it’s safe to say the Fantastic Four property is probably going to receive a quality, more serious treatment than it has so far.
+2. The Avengers: Age of Ultron – May 1, 2015
+With writer and director Joss Whedon set to return for Marvel and Disney’s (NYSE:DIS) The Avengers: Age of Ultron, along with the entire original cast that includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, and Chris Hemsworth, the sequel to 2012′s The Avengers is set to be up there with the highest grossing films of the year — if not beyond. The first film made $1.5 billion worldwide, becoming the third-highest grossing film of all time, and there’s a good chance the sequel could eclipse that number.
+It’s still early, with principal photography not set to start until 2014, but we do know that the villain of the film will be Ultron, with James Spader cast to play him late last month. Whedon explained that the filmmakers intend to create their own origin story for the villain and that he felt Ultron was “the chief villain when I read the book. He’s been the Avengers villain for so long, I was amazed anyone was surprised it would be him in the movie.”
+Along with Ultron, superheroes Quicksilver and Scarlett Witch are set to join the team in the sequel. Although neither roles have been officially cast yet, Elizabeth Olsen is reportedly close to taking on the role of the Scarlett Witch.
+3. Jurassic World – June 12, 2015
+Admittedly, the news of Jurassic World was only announced Tuesday, so information regarding the film is scant at best. With Jurassic Park III having been released over a decade ago in 2001, the news of a fourth installment has been mired by starts and stops for years. Now, if you believe Universal Pictures, it looks like a return to that world is finally coming true.
+Other than the film’s title and a tentative release date of June 12, 2015, we don’t know anything about the film other than the major players involved. Unfortunately, Steven Spielberg will not be returning to the director’s chair, though he is set to produce along with Frank Marshall and Pat Crowley. Directing the film, which will be reportedly shot in 3D, is Colin Trevorrow, who directed the well-received indie flick Safety Not Guaranteed. Trevorrow also wrote the current draft of the script along with Derek Connolly.
+4. Terminator 5 – June 26, 2015
+When The Halcyon Company, who owned the rights to the Terminator franchise, filed for bankruptcy in 2009, they set off a bidding war that was ultimately won by Megan Ellison and her production company Annapurna as well as her brother David Ellison and his production company Skydance. While rumors of what Megan and David Ellison would do with the rights have been inconsistent over the last several years, it now appears that the franchise is gearing up for a reboot set to be made by Annapurna, Skydance, and Paramount Pictures (NASDAQ:VIA).
+Story details haven’t emerged yet, but given the film’s status as a reboot, it’s safe to say the story will likely bear resemblance to the early episodes of the Terminator franchise. With a script penned by Laeta Kalogridis and Patrick Lussier, The Hollywood Reporter revealed last week that director Alan Taylor (Thor: The Dark World, Game of Thrones) is in negotiations to direct the film. Along with Taylor, both Dennis Villeneuve and Rian Johnson were reportedly targeted by the film’s producers — the latter of which was a bit of a long-shot given that he normally only directs material he has written.
+The question on everyone’s mind is will Arnold Schwarzenegger be involved? Early rumors said yes, but the project seems to still be in the process of settling, thus it’s a little unclear if the reboot involves a complete revamp of the franchise altogether — sans Schwarzenegger.
+5. Independence Day 2 – July 3, 2015
+Believe it or not, 20th Century Fox’s Independence Day 2 is moving forward with the film’s original helmer, Roland Emmerich, in the director’s chair. Actors Jeff Goldblum and Bill Pullman are already set to reprise their roles from the original film and now it looks like Will Smith, who had originally been thought to be too expensive and famous to return to the series, might also be on board. While Smith’s potentially late arrival to the film might push the release to 2016 according to Emmerich, fans of the original are more than likely to give him the time. Surprisingly, Emmerich has already dropped a lot of hints about the film’s story, which is obviously subject to change given how early in the process it is.
+In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, he told the publication also explained.”
+Of course, leave it to Pullman to reiterate that, as close as the film appears to be, not to get too excited yet. “Nobody’s holding their breath because [the sequels have] been continually plagued,” he said. But given that the potential follow-up sounds fairly interesting, especially the idea of an alternate history, it would be great to dive back into the world we remember from the late 90s.
+6. Batman & Superman (Man of Steel sequel) – July 17, 2015
+With all the news that’s been going around about the Man of Steel sequel, it’s hard to believe that the film was only announced this past July by Man of Steel director Zack Snyder at the San Diego Comic-Con. Since that time, a seemingly endless stream of industry rattling news has come out. Ben Affleck has been cast as Batman to the disappointment of many fans; Bryan Cranston was rumored to be cast Lex Luthor, though no new information has come about since; and Warner Bros. (NYSE:TWX) is set to to film the Man of Steel sequel in Detroit and other areas of Michigan due to tax incentives.
+It’s too early to say anything about the story and screenplay, which is being written by David S. Goyer with a story by both Goyer and Snyder, but it’s safe to assume that the film will likely involve aspects of Superman and Batman both working together and against each other given the storied history of the two characters in DC Comics. As far as the main actors from the first film, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Diane Lane, and Laurence Fishburne are all confirmed to return.
+With a potential Justice League set to release in 2017, Warner Bros. and fans are likely hoping for this film to be the one that finally gets DC Comics characters onto the big screen where Marvel has unequivocally dominated in recent years.
+7. James Bond 24 – November 6, 2015
+Unadjusted for inflation, Sony Pictures’ (NYSE:SNE) Skyfall is the most successful James Bond film ever made, sitting at $1.1 billion worldwide. While the film received great business in the U.S. to the tune of $304 million, Skyfall is the highest-grossing film of all time at the British box office with 103 million euros. Given that director Sam Mendes had originally opted out of directing the next Bond film, his decision to come back for another back in July was met with celebration.
+Due to Mendes’ surprise reversal, it now seems likely we’ll see the next Bond film in 2015 barring any setbacks. The Guardian reported in late 2012 that Mendes and his team of screenwriters had already formulated the plot to Skyfall’s sequel, regardless of whether Mendes returned or not, so it would appear that the Bond engine is firing on all cylinders.
+8. Finding Dory – November 25, 2015
+This highly-anticipated sequel to 2003′s Finding Nemo is set to be released just in time for the 2015 holiday season, led by the original film’s director Andrew Stanton (Finding Nemo, WALL-E, John Carter). Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks are confirmed to return to voice Dory and Marlin, respectively, along with Diane Keaton and
+While no story details have been released about the film, according to an article from The Guardian back in August, Disney decided to undertake some rewrites after viewing the critically acclaimed, Sundance documentary Blackfish, which reveals details regarding the policy of keeping killer whales in captivity at SeaWorld parks that have allegedly killed three people. The script of Finding Dory, which apparently involves a marine park for a majority of the film, is currently being tinkered with in order to reflect the newfound sensitivity towards the issue of marine parks — though Disney insists the changes are only minor.
+9. Star Wars: Episode VII – TBA, 2015
+Star Wars: Episode VII is an ocean of rumors at the moment, and it wouldn’t be at all surprising if the film was pushed back to 2016 despite Disney’s insistence on releasing it in 2015. What we do know about the movie is that J.J. Abrams is officially directing; the script was written by Michael Arndt; and a post-production facility, including green rooms, sound studios, and other features, recently sprung up in Los Angeles to satisfy Abrams’ desire to stay in Los Angeles with his wife and kids (Star Wars: Episode VII is shooting in the U.K.).
+Aside from that, we don’t really know much. Rumors are swirling that Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher, and Harrison Ford could be featured in the film. A casting call also recently popped up with numerous available roles. There isn’t really much to offer there, but it appears like we should be getting some solid information on this film over the next several months.
+10. Mission Impossible 5 – TBA, 2015
+Chalk this one up as another film that might not make it in time for 2015, but of the other 2015 to-be-announced films (like Ridley Scott’s Prometheus 2), Mission Impossible 5 appears closest to the filming stage. Recently, Christopher McQuarrie (Jack Reacher) was attached to direct and while he doesn’t have a whole lot under his belt as a director, he was responsible for the screenplay for The Usual Suspects and Tom Cruise’s upcoming thriller entitled Edge of Tomorrow.
+McQuarrie will be the fifth director in the franchise’s five movies and Cruise explains that it’s by,” he says.
+Now that a director with considerable writing credentials under his belt is attached to the fifth Mission Impossible, it appears as though the film should see smooth sailing until it’s released in 2015 — or at the worst, 2016.
+Like us on Facebook to get the latest from Wall St. Cheat Sheet in your News Feed.
+Don’t Miss: 5 Movie Trailers Everyone Is Watching and You Should, Too.
+
+Deligne’s theorem on tensor categories (Deligne 02, recalled as theorem below) establishes Tannaka duality between linear tensor categories in characteristic zero subject to just a mild size constraint (subexponential growth, def. below), and supergroups (“supersymmetries”), realizing these tensor categories as categories of representations of these supergroups.
+Since the concept of linear tensor categories arises very naturally in mathematics, the theorem gives a purely mathematical “reason” for the relevance of superalgebra and supergeometry. It is reasonable to wonder why of all possible generalizations of commutative algebra, it is supercommutative superalgebras that are singled out (from alternatives such as plain -graded algebras, or in fact -graded algebras or general noncommutative algebras or the like), as they are notably in theoretical physics (“supersymmetry”), but also in mathematical fields such as spin geometry (e.g. via the relation between Majorana spinors and supersymmetry, here) and topological K-theory (for instance via its incarnation as Karoubi K-theory, or via the descriptioon of twisted K-theory by super line 2-bundles).
+But with -linear tensor categories appearing on general abstract grounds as the canonical structure to consider in representation theory, Deligne’s theorem serves to base supercommutative superalgebra on this same general abstract foundation, showing that this is precisely the context in which full -linear tensor categories exhibit full Tannaka duality.
+More concretely, in quantum field theory, under the Wigner classification, fundamental particles are identified with irreducible representations of the isometry group of the local model of spacetime (which are induced from finite dimensional representations of the “Wigner's little group” (Mackey 68) ). Forming the tensor product of two such representations corresponds to combining them as two subsystems of a joint system. Therefore it is natural to demand that physical particle species should form complex-linear tensor categories. Deligne’s theorem then gives that supersymmetry is the most general context in which this works out. (In physics the irreducible representation in this context here are called the supermultiplets.)
+More exposition of this point is at:
+By Tannaka duality rigid monoidal category symmetric monoidal categories in general are categories of modules of triangular Hopf algebras. Hence Deligne’s theorem here implies that those triangular Hopf algebras over algebraically closed fields of characteristic zero whose category of representation has subexponential growth (def. below) are equivalent to supercommutative Hopf algebras. See (Etingof-Gelaki 02) for more.
+Tannaka duality for categories of modules over monoids/associative algebras
+2-Tannaka duality for module categories over monoidal categories
+3-Tannaka duality for module 2-categories over monoidal 2-categories
+This section provides exposition of the necessary background for the statement of Deligne’s theorem (theorem below).:
+Finally we discuss how under this relation linear representations of groups correspond to comodules over their formally dual commutative Hopf algebras, and we introduce the key class of categories of interest here: tensor-categories of representations of groups and of super-representations of super-groups:
+For a field, we write for the category whose
+objects are -vector spaces;
+morphisms are -linear functions between these.
+When the ground field is understood or when its precise nature is irrelevant, we will often notationally suppress it and speak of just the category Vect of vector spaces.
+This is the category inside which linear algebra takes place.
+Of course the category Vect has some special properties. Not only are its objects “linear spaces”, but the whole category inherits linear structure of sorts. This is traditionally captured by the following terminology for additive and abelian categories. Notice that there are several different but equivalent ways to state the following properties (discussed behind the relevant links).
+Say that has direct sums if it has finite products and finite coproducts and if the canonical comparison morphism between these is an isomorphism. We write for the direct sum of two objects of .
+Say that is an additive category if it has direct sums and in addition it is enriched in abelian groups, meaning that every hom-set is equipped with the structure of an abelian group such that composition of morphisms is a bilinear map.
+Say that is an abelian category if it is an additive category and has property that its monomorphisms are precisely the inclusions of kernels and its epimorphisms are precisely the projections onto cokernels.
+We also make the following definition of -linear category, but notice that conventions differ as to which extra properties beyond Vect-enrichment to require on a linear category:
+For a field (or more generally just a commutative ring), call a category a -linear category if
+it is an abelian category (def. );
+its hom-sets have the structure of -vector spaces (generally -modules) such that composition of morphisms in is a bilinear map
+and the underlying additive abelian group structure of these hom-spaces is that of the underlying abelian category.
+In other words, a -linear category is an abelian category with the additional structure of a Vect-enriched category (generally Mod-enriched) such that the underlying Ab-enrichment according to def. is obtained from the -enrichment under the forgetful functor .
+A functor between -linear categories is called a -linear functor if its component functions on hom-sets are linear maps with respect to the given -linear structure, hence if it is a Vect-enriched functor.
+The category Vect of vector spaces (def. ) is a -linear category according to def. .
+Here the abstract direct sum is the usual direct sum of vector spaces, whence the name of the general concept.
+For two -vector spaces, the vector space structure on the hom-set of linear maps is given by “pointwise” multiplication and addition of functions:
+for all and .
+Recall the basic construction of the tensor product of vector spaces:
+Given two vector spaces over some field , , their tensor product of vector spaces is the vector space denoted
+whose elements are equivalence classes of tuples of elements with , for the equivalence relation given by
+More abstractly this means that the tensor product of vector spaces is the vector space characterized by the fact that
+it receives a bilinear map
+(out of the Cartesian product of the underlying sets)
+any other bilinear map of the form
+factors through the above bilinear map via a unique linear map
+The existence of the tensor product of vector spaces, def. , equips the category Vect of vector spaces with extra structure, which is a “categorification” of the familiar structure of a semi-group. One also says “monoid” for semi-group and therefore categories equipped with a tensor product operation are also called monoidal categories:
+A monoidal category is a category equipped with
+out of the product category of with itself, called the tensor product,
+an object
+called the unit object or tensor unit,
+called the associator,
+called the left unitor, and a natural isomorphism
+called the right unitor,
+such that the following two kinds of diagrams commute, for all objects involved:
+triangle identity:
+the pentagon identity:
+As expected, we have the following basic example:
+For a field, the category Vect of -vector spaces becomes a monoidal category (def. ) as follows
+the abstract tensor product is the tensor product of vector spaces from def. ;
+the tensor unit is the field itself, regarded as a 1-dimensional vector space over itself;
+the associator is the map that on representing tuples acts as
+the left unitor is the map that on representing tuples is given by
+and the right unitor is similarly given by
+That this satisifes the pentagon identity (def. ) and the left and right unit identities is immediate on representing tuples.
+But the point of the abstract definition of monoidal categories is that there are also more exotic examples. The followig one is just a minimal enrichment of example , and yet it will be important.
+Let be a group (or in fact just a monoid/semi-group). A -graded vector space is a direct sum of vector spaces labeled by the elements in :
+of -graded vector spaces is a linear map that respects this direct sum structure, hence equivalently a direct sum of linear maps
+for all , such that
+This defines a category, denoted . Equip this category with a tensor product which on the underlying vector spaces is just the tensor product of vector spaces from def. , equipped with the -grading which is obtained by multiplying degree labels in :
+The tensor unit for the tensor product is the ground field , regarded as being in the degree of the neutral element
+The associator and unitors are just those of the monoidal structure on plain vector spaces, from example .
+One advantage of abstracting the concept of a monoidal category is that it allows to prove general statements uniformly for all kinds of tensor products, familar ones and more exotic ones. The following lemma and remark are two important such statements.
+Let be a monoidal category, def. . Then the left and right unitors and satisfy the following conditions:
+;
+for all objects the following diagrams commutes:
+and
+For proof see at monoidal category this lemma and this lemma.
+Just as for an associative algebra it is sufficient to demand and and in order to have that expressions of arbitrary length may be re-bracketed at will, so there is a coherence theorem for monoidal categories which states that all ways of freely composing the unitors and associators in a monoidal category (def. ) to go from one expression to another will coincide. Accordingly, much as one may drop the notation for the bracketing in an associative algebra altogether, so one may, with due care, reason about monoidal categories without always making all unitors and associators explicit.
+(Here the qualifier “freely” means informally that we must not use any non-formal identification between objects, and formally it means that the diagram in question must be in the image of a strong monoidal functor from a free monoidal category. For example if in a particular monoidal category it so happens that the object is actually equal to , then the various ways of going from one expression to another using only associators and this “accidental” equality no longer need to coincide.)
+The above discussion makes it clear that a monoidal category is like a monoid/semi-group, but “categorified”. Accordingly we may consider additional properties of monoids/semi-groups and correspondingly lift them to monoidal categories. A key such property is commutativity. But while for a monoid commutativity is just an extra property, for a monoidal category it involves choices of commutativity-isomorphisms and hence is extra structure. We will see below that this is the very source of superalgebra.
+The categorification of “commutativity” comes in two stages: braiding and symmetric braiding.
+A braided monoidal category, is a monoidal category (def. ) equipped with a natural isomorphism
+(for all objects ) called the braiding, such that the following two kinds of diagrams commute for all objects involved (“hexagon identities”):
+and
+where denotes the components of the associator of .
+A symmetric monoidal category is a braided monoidal category (def. ) for which the braiding
+satisfies the condition:
+for all objects
+In analogy to the coherence theorem for monoidal categories (remark ) there is a coherence theorem for symmetric monoidal categories (def. ), saying that every diagram built freely (see remark ) from associators, unitors and braidings such that both sides of the diagram correspond to the same permutation of objects, coincide.
+Consider the simplest non-trivial special case of -graded vector spaces from example , the case where is the cyclic group of order two.
+A -graded vector space is a direct sum of two vector spaces
+where we think of as the summand that is graded by the neutral element in , and of as being the summand that is graded by the single non-trivial element.
+A homomorphism of -graded vector spaces
+is a linear map of the underlying vector spaces that respects the grading, hence equivalently a pair of linear maps
+between then summands in even degree and in odd degree, respectively:
+The tensor product of -graded vector space is the tensor product of vector spaces of the underlying vector spaces, but with the grading obtained from multiplying the original gradings in . Hence
+and
+As in example , this definition makes a monoidal category def. .
+There are, up to braided monoidal equivalence of categories, precisely two choices for a symmetric braiding (def. )
+on the monoidal category of -graded vector spaces from def. :
+the trivial braiding which is the natural linear map given on tuples representing an element in (according to def. ) by
+the super-braiding which is the natural linear function given on tuples of homogeneous degree (i.e. , for ) by
+For a monoidal category, write
+for the full subcategory on those which are invertible objects under the tensor product, i.e. such that there is an object with and . Since the tensor unit is clearly in (with ) and since with also (with ) the monoidal category structure on restricts to .
+Accordingly any braiding on restricts to a braiding on . Hence it is sufficient to show that there is an essentially unique non-trivial symmetric braiding on , and that this is the restriction of a braiding on .
+Now is necessarily a groupoid (the “Picard groupoid” of ) and in fact is what is called a 2-group. As such we may regard it equivalently as a homotopy 1-type with group structure, and as such it it is equivalent to its delooping
+regarded as a pointed homotopy type. (See at looping and delooping).
+The Grothendieck group of is
+the fundamental group of the delooping space.
+Now a symmetric braiding on is precisely the structure that makes it a symmetric 2-group which is equivalently the structure of a second delooping (for the braiding) and then a third delooping (for the symmetry), regarded as a pointed homotopy type.
+This way we have rephrased the question equivalently as a question about the possible k-invariants of spaces of this form.
+Now in the case at hand, has precisely two isomorphism classes of objects, namely the ground field itself, regarded as being in even degree and regarded as being in odd degree. We write and for these, respectively. By the rules of the tensor product of graded vector spaces we have
+and
+In other words
+Now under the above homotopical identification the non-trivial braiding is identified with the elements
+Due to the symmetry condition (def. ) we have
+which implies that
+Therefore for classifying just the symmetric braidings, it is sufficient to restrict the hom-spaces in from being either or empty, to hom-sets being or empty. Write for the resulting 2-group.
+In conclusion then the equivalence classes of possible k-invariants of , hence the possible symmetric braiding on are in the degree-4 ordinary cohomology of the Eilenberg-MacLane space with coefficients in . One finds (…)
+The symmetric monoidal category (def. )
+whose underlying monoidal category is that of -graded vector spaces (example );
+whose braiding (def. ) is the unique non-trivial symmtric grading from prop. is called the category of super vector spaces
+The non-full symmetric monoidal subcategory
+of
+(on the two objects and and with hom-sets restricted to , as in the proof of prop. ) happens to be the 1-truncation of the looping of the sphere spectrum , regarded as a group-like E-infinity space (“abelian infinity-group”)
+It has been suggested (in Kapranov 15) that this and other phenomena are evidence that in the wider context of homotopy theory/stable homotopy theory super-grading (and hence superalgebra) is to be regarded as but a shadow of grading in higher algebra over the sphere spectrum. Notice that the sphere spectrum is just the analog of the group of integers in stable homotopy theory. are isomorphisms, then is called a strong monoidal functor.
+If moreover and are equipped with the structure of braided monoidal categories (def. ) with braidings and , respectively, then the lax monoidal functor is called a braided monoidal functor if in addition the following diagram commutes for all objects
+A homomorphism between two (braided) lax monoidal functors is a monoidal natural transformation, in that it is a natural transformation of the underlying functors
+compatible with the product and the unit in that the following diagrams commute for all objects :
+and
+We write for the resulting category of lax monoidal functors between monoidal categories and , similarly for the category of braided monoidal functors between braided monoidal categories, and for the category of braided monoidal functors between symmetric monoidal categories.
+In the literature the term “monoidal functor” often refers by default to what in def. is called a strong monoidal functor. monoidal category (def. ),
+The following degenerate example turns out to be important for the general development of the theory below.
+Given a monoidal category (def. ) with the tensor unit regarded as a monoid in a monoidal category via example , then the left unitor
+makes every object into a left module, according to def. , over . The action property holds due to lemma . This gives an equivalence of categories
+of with the category of modules over its tensor unit. ): be a discrete group and write for its group algebra over the ground field . Then -modules in Vect are equivalently linear representations of .
+In the situation of def. , the monoid canonically becomes a left module over itself by setting . More generally, for any object, then naturally becomes a left -module by setting:
+The -modules of this form are called free modules.
+The free functor constructing free -modules is left adjoint to the forgetful functor which sends a module to the underlying object .
+A homomorphism out of a free -module is a morphism in of the form
+fitting into the diagram (where we are notationally suppressing the associator)
+Consider the composite
+i.e. the restriction of to the unit “in” . By definition, this fits into a commuting square of the form (where we are now notationally suppressing the associator and the unitor)
+Pasting this square onto the top of the previous one yields
+where now the left vertical composite is the identity, by the unit law in . This shows that is uniquely determined by via the relation
+This natural bijection between and establishes the adjunction.
+Given. , def. ), and given a commutative monoid in (def. ). If all coequalizers exist in , then the tensor product of modules from def. makes the category of modules into a symmetric monoidal category, with tensor unit the object itself, regarded as an -module via prop. . fact to use now is prop. : the tensor product of commutative monoids exhibits the cartesian monoidal category structure on , :
+This means that def.Fin. .
+(Deligne 02, theorem 0.6)
+We outline key steps of the proof of theorem , given in Deligne 02.
+Throughout, let be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero (for instance the complex numbers).).
+The theorem is due to
+building on the general results on Tannakian categories in
+which are reviewed and further generalized in
+Review is in
+Victor Ostrik, Tensor categories (after P. Deligne) (arXiv:math/0401347)
+Pavel Etingof, Shlomo Gelaki, Dmitri Nikshych, Victor Ostrik, section 9.11 in Tensor categories, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, Volume 205, American Mathematical Society, 2015 (pdf
+))
+Further discussion in view of the theory of triangular Hopf algebras is in
+Tannaka duality for ordinary compact groups regarded as supergroups (hence equipped with “inner parity”, def. , here just being an involutive central element) is discussed in
+as a proof of Doplicher-Roberts reconstruction happens to also be a version of supercommutative superalgebra, see at Introduction to Stable homotopy theory the section 1-2 Homotopy commutative ring spectra.)
+For an attempt to generalize Deligne’s theorem to positive characteristic, see
+Discussion relating to 2-rings and the spin-statistics theorem is in
+Following on from SPG’s 2018 category changes, Marriott have announced theirs and it’s a shocker. More than four times as many properties are moving up a category than are moving down.
+JW Marriott Washington DC, increasing from category 8 to category 9
+You can find the full list of changes here, but be warned – it’s not pretty. 1,082 properties are moving up a category while only 247 properties are moving down.
+There is a silver lining of sorts in that there are no properties moving up more than one category, but it still represents a huge devaluation of the Marriott Rewards scheme.
+It also represents a devaluation of the Chase Marriott Rewards credit cards. Both the personal and business versions come with a free night certificate for a category 1-5 hotel every year when you renew your card. With these changes there’ll be
+392 79 fewer properties where you can use your free night certificates. That’s because 620 124 category 5 properties are moving up and only 228 45 category 6 properties are moving down.
+Edit: tinytavosa in the comments has put together a list of the properties moving from category 5 to 6.
+These changes also mean that the number of properties available in Marriott’s Category 1-5 Hotel + Air packages will reduce. If you’ve had your eye on a category 6, 7 or 8 Hotel + Air package, check the list in case the property you want to stay at is moving up a category level and will therefore require more points. If you’re planning on booking one of those packages, you might want to do so before March 6, 2018.
+Marriott are thankfully giving four weeks notice of these changes, so make your reservations by March 5, 2018 if you want to stay at a property that’s moving up a category. Stays don’t have to be completed by March 5, 2018, just booked by that date.
+Following Marriott’s takeover of SPG, it seems strange that they’d make minor changes to the SPG categories this year but gut their own scheme. I’m guessing they’re trying to keep SPG loyalists on board while integrating the loyalty schemes and hoping their own loyalists don’t notice (or care?)
+Question
+What are your thoughts about this devaluation? Are you likely to move your loyalty away from Marriott due to these changes? Let us know in the comments below.
+Last updated on February 10th, 2018
+A large number of Florida properties are moving down so that’s worth looking at if you want a family beach vacation using a package.
+Hotel points are a sucker’s bet. They’re just keeping you all on a treadmill, folks. Always running and grasping, but never achieving. They move your cheese at will.
+Not sure what your point is.
+The point is, just like other Loyalty programs, there really is no reward for being a Loyal member anymore! I have been with Marriott since the late 80’s and this is my reward? I can’t even find a decent Hotel in Portland with 135,000 points! I’m dumping Marriott! I think this relationship has FINALLY come to an end! Their Hotels are looking tired, they’re once Flagship Conference Center properties were the best to stay at, now they all look like shit! It’s a failing company in my opinion! Nobody has liquid assets to invest in property improvement anymore! They just gobble up companies instead. Acquisitions over the long term devalue our entire economy! Excuse me while I go get sick now! I just spent $$$$ of Hotel nights for nothing….BARF!!
+Why do you say the number of properties available under Marriott’s Hotel + Air packages will reduce? Don’t they have packages for all categories? Some packages might cost more points of course, but the same hotels should still be available as before.
+You’re right, I didn’t phrase that as well as I should’ve – I’ll update that.
+I may cancel the card- it is difficult enough to find a 1-5 category property in the locations I want to be.
+I’m considering doing the same with my business card. I’m inclined to keep the personal card for now though due to it receiving Chase Offers.
+The Marriott business card gets Chase Offers too…
+How did I not know this? Thanks!
+Agreed. Makes me wonder what benefits the new Amex and Chase cards will have. I’d much rather have points than a certificate that is difficult to use.
+Well said.
+I dumped the card for that exact reason. There aren’t a lot of desirable cat 1-5 Marriott properties. My Hyatt card is a keeper though. I wish Marriott would take a que from Hyatt.
+The only thing good that’s ever happened in the Marriott program is the merger with SPG. Once that’s integrated, Marriott will again be nearly worthless.
+You have to book by that date, or complete the stay by that date?
+Book before category changes to get the current rates (so book by March 6, but you should be able to book through the end of the schedule).
+Sorry, I thought I’d clarified that in the post, but it looks like I’d only included that info in the post about the SPG category change. I’ve updated this post to specify what Nick’s explained below.
+sucks. was planning on a trip to Vietnam at the JW in Phu Quoc. has thrown that plan out of whack.
+LOL, why would you want to go to Phu Quoc, and waste points on a JW at that? There’s nothing interesting on that island, and you can get a posh no-brand hotel for under $50. SE ASia is the worst place to waste any hotel currency.
+Have you been to Bangkok and compared the point burn rate to New York City? I’ll take the executive lounges breakfast and drinks at night plus a full-time trainer in the gym at a 50% savings compared to the Marquis any day
+I agree. I stayed at the JWM in Bangkok a few years back, and it was fantastic. The breakfast buffet alone puts anything in the US to shame. All at a steep discount compared to anything state-side. Try to stay in U.S. properties for the same points feels like we’re the third world country.
+Going to cancel the Marriott card. Hard enough to find good cat 5 properties as it is. Now it becomes even harder. Wish Marriott would take a cue from Hyatt and at least allow the free night in big cities or other desirable destinations. Doesn’t have to be a free night at any category. But 1 – 6 would be immensely more beneficial than 1 – 5.
+LOL! Cat 7-8 for COURTYARDS. I receive e-mails and snail mail weekly to apply for the Marriott CC. Given the abysmal value of Marriott points and the not so wonderful journey of staying at a Fairfield Inn out in the sticks to redeem the night certificate I’ll take my 3k spend elsewhere.
+Can you book the Hotel + Air package hotel without the required points in your account? Meaning if I don’t have the extra points for a Cat 6 or 7 hotel, can you deposit points later?
+You’ll need enough points for the Cat 1-5 package. But you can upgrade to a 6 or 7 later. See this post on Upgrading Marriott Travel Packages:
+There’s a JW in Caracas??
+[…] terrible and don’t represent a significant devaluation, especially not compared to the Marriott category changes. However, it’ll no doubt affect the travel plans some of you have in mind, so let us know in […]
+Makes me feel better about using Rocketmiles for my hotels – forgo the Marriott points, and get more valuable Alaska miles (along with UR points using CSR) instead. Will maintain Gold status with annual spend on SPG AMEX (until they change that…) which is all I can hit anyway (do not stay enough to earn platinum on basis of number of nights even with Marriott credit card bonuses).
+Yes, there are limitations to using something like Rocketmiles, but when you can find good point value on a refundable stay, it typically pencils out in your favor
+[…] HT: Frequent Miler […]
+Ugh ugh ugh. One of the reasons I’ve never gotten the Marriott CC is that I have no use for their category 1-5 certificate, because the only thing you get is courtyards off highways and airport hotels. This makes the matter even worse.
+Perhaps you can make a companion post of the “best’ hotels that are going up or down a category so people can set their sights on booking before/after the deadline?
+Yep, already working on it!
+I will be waiting for this as well! Thanks Greg.
+Meh. Not surprising. Every year Marriott’s changes are a huge devaluation – have been for at least the last 4 years that I’ve been paying attention.
+[…] these changes there’ll be 392 fewer properties where you can use your free night certificates. As Frequent Miler points out, 620 Category 5 properties are moving up and only 228 Category 6 properties are moving down. Free […]
+Courtyard King Kamehaneha is going up from Cat 6-7?! Is this to match the even shittier category 7 Waikiki beach? The locations are good but they’re the two shittiest Marriott in all of Hawaii. And Marriott has what, over a dozen excluding Starwood in Hawaii and none of them is redeemable for the free night. I know what I’m doing when our Marriott cards ar rip for renewal.
+[…] travel blog Frequent Miler – which tracks travel loyalty programs – says the changes represent “a huge devaluation of […]
+pepper. i just want to say that this is all your fault. and greg should be blamed too. jk.
+Had a harx time finding a cat. 5 this year. Getting rid of my wife’s card is a no brainer. We only keep it for the free night. Will transfer her points to my account.
+Not to be an apologist for Marriott, but (a) the vast majority of these changes are not on aspirational properties, and (b) why does the points chasing world insist on calling these devaluations? Does the cash rate for hotel rooms increase over time? Yes. So why wouldn’t you expect the points rate to increase as well? If they’re increasing at roughly the same pace, then your points are worth the same as they always were on a cents-per-point basis.
+They’re called devaluations because it quite literally will take more points to stay at the same property and reduces the number of properties a Marriott credit card certificate can be redeemed at. If they simply wanted to raise prices, they could increase the amount of points required, not impacting certificates, and call it an inflation hedge. That’s not what they did.
+I just got off the phone with Chase. I have a business card (I could not get the personal card because of 5/24). I had believed that the business card did not even come with an annual free night. The Chase agent today told me that my business card does in fact earn an annual free night in Categories 1 through 4 (not 5). I asked about the personal card (even though I do not have one, a family member does) and was told that it too has a free night in Categories 1 through 4 (again, not 5). Has something changed here? Or did the agent get it wrong?
+I think the agent got it wrong – it’s still categories 1-5. They might’ve been getting mixed up with the Hyatt card as that comes with a category 1-4 certificate each year.
+Thank you for the reply. I believe that the agent was confused with Hyatt, as you said.
+I think your numbers for the Category 5 changes are a bit off. I only see around 100 moving up and just under 40 moving down. Still not a good move but slightly less awful.
+You’re right – thanks for spotting that. I’m used to Excel but used Google Sheets this time around; when highlighting the category 5s, I’m used to Excel displaying both the total and number of cells highlighted, whereas Google Sheets only gives the total. I took that total as the number of cells highlighted.
+After 30 years of chasing JWM group, being a lifetime platinum for a while now. Maybe it is time to move on.
+When I retire I will not have miles to use, nor will I be able to afford the price of the rooms. Bye bye
+I haven’t use my points in a couple of years and I noticed they are not a worth a shit not. I have been a gold/platinum member for many years now and I see Marriott has turn its back to their customers. Greedy companies start programs that look really good at first and then once everyone is on the hook the depreciate your earnings like we have seen here. I am doing the same thing. I am will weed out Marriott out of my portfolio. I am piss that after many years of loyalty we get the shaft.
+Hey Stephen. I compiled and sorted out all properties expect those going from Category 5 to Category 6 for a very easy view of all the possible loses coming for 7 day certificate redemptions. I am finding 124 (not 123) for what small change that is worth.
+Glad I am getting to Phu Quoc this next month so I won’t miss that.
+Here is a link to the google sheet if you wanna copy the info into the post or link to it. I don’t mind if you want to just copy it in, or do nothing at all. I just found it useful to make for myself as well! Enjoy.
+That’s great – thank you!
+As long as SPG is still collecting 3x in everything, nights at Marriot / RC still feel like a steal.
+Knock on wood.
+[…] week we reported the latest devaluation in Marriott’s program. Marriott announced new hotel category assignments (which determine the number of points required […]
+[…] March 6 2018, many Marriott properties are changing categories (see: Huge Devaluation – Marriott Announces 2018 Category Changes). As a result, some of the best category 5 hotels will soon become category 6. When that happens, […]
+Just looked at the rewards required for one week at Orlando; it seems that they (Marriott) think that all these are 4 star.
+On top of that they have tripled the points for category 5.
+60,000 PointSaver points for 1 night at a category 5.
+Last year it was 20,000
+Worse than this, they have devalued our rewards points overall. We spent 15 years accumulating our points for retirement, and now we’re finding the rug has been pulled out from under us.
+[…] British has endowed me with a decent (some would say indecent) amount of cynicism. So when Marriott announced a huge devaluation in February 2018 that would take effect the following month, it made me wonder if they’d […]
+[…] they also devalued the hotel I *most likely* would use my points at. This come on the heels of a March 2018 increase of that same hotel. All told I’m seeing a 25% increase in the cost to book a room at this one hotel, and […]
+[…] has announced its annual devaluation and while it’s not as bad as last year’s, it doesn’t make for happy reading if you have any 25,000 or 35,000 point certificates to use […]
+None of the Kauai properties seem to be changing. Odd.
+[…] 25,000 bonus points don’t have the same value compared to a couple of years ago due to both last year’s devaluation and this […]
+Due to all of the recent changes I won’t even consider the Marriott credit cards. Surprisingly, based on my hotel rewards analysis the best value is Best Western for domestic and international redemptions. They have upscale properties (plus and premier) and regular value if you want to save a few bucks. Regular Best Western branded properties are the same as Fairfield, Springhill and some Courtyards to me. I’m a Titanium Elite due to work travel but it doesn’t matter to me if Marriott lacks category 1 & 2 redemptions for personal travel. Get the Capital One Venture (hotels.com partnership), Best Western and/or the Orbitz credit cards instead for hotel rewards.
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+Olivia McCreary recalls that she “never showed off” when she went to work to make airplanes during the war. After all, her husband was fighting in Africa with the Royal Air Force; her brother had been killed in service with the Royal Navy; she had taken only a short leave of absence from her seven-day-a-week job as a machine operator to have a baby.
+She was worried about earning money to support her family, about doing her job well to ensure the safety of the men on the front — and about her arms.
+“It made my muscles big,” she said. “I was ashamed to wear a short-sleeved dress. I always wore three-quarter-length sleeves. I looked like a man. Eventually, I learned to love my muscles.”
+McCreary, now 95, reminisced about the challenges and opportunities of women who worked during the Second World War.
+“It was a great time,” she said. “It’s was also an exciting time where I learned how to rely on myself and do things I never would have thought possible before.”
+Shortly before the war in 1938, McCreary and her husband George moved to London from rural Yorkshire, England, to find better opportunities for work.
+“I was born in Ireland, but I grew up in England,” she said. “It was tough being black back then, and it was always tough being Irish in England. Being a Black Irish was about as tough as it gets. “
+When the war broke out in 1939, McCreary feared the day her husband would be called to service.
+“We were young, and I was fairly helpless and pregnant,” she said. “He was my whole world and if I lost him, I didn’t know what I’d do.”
+Eventually, her worst fears came to pass, and George McCreary was drafted and ordered to report to the RAF for basic training.
+“I begged him not to go, but he just kept telling me he ‘had to’ for our future and the baby’s,” she said.
+Olivia McCreary remembered the feelings of hopelessness and confusion she had when her husband officially left. She did not know what to do with herself, and she had bills to take care of and a child to prepare for.
+“So I got myself a job in a factory because all of my friends were doing it, and other women were doing it as well,” she said.
+Through the recommendation of a friend, she set up an interview with the owner of factory in downtown London and she was almost immediately hired. When she reported to work for her first day, she remembered how scared she was to be on the factory floor and to have to learn how to use a machine.
+“It was something I never dreamed of doing, but after I learned how, I loved it,” she said.
+She also recalled switching her dresses for coveralls and putting her hair up in a cap. “I kind of learned to like the rough stuff anyway,” she said.
+After a few months of working in the factory, she became very self-reliant and the only thing she worried about was her unborn child not being able to meet its father.
+“I got letters from George that the war wasn’t going well, and I was afraid every day that I’d get that letter that he was dead,” she said.
+Then the bombings started.
+“The bloody Germans bombed us every night,” she said. “At first I was scared but after a few months it got more annoying than anything.”
+As time went on, McCreary gave birth to her daughter Mary, named after her best friend and her grandmother.
+Olivia McCreary did not take much time off to be with her newborn child; in fact, she only took two weeks. Her mother took care of her daughter.
+“I had to go back to work. I needed the money, and above all, I actually liked where I worked,” she said.
+McCreary worked seven days a week for five years until the war was over. Reminiscing, she never complained once; she just remembered how worried she was for her husband.
+“I missed George terribly,” she said. ‘Every time I opened my mail, I expected to receive that letter, but thankfully it never came.”
+Then victory came for the Allied forces on V-E Day on May 8, 1945.
+She remembers the elation of everyone in London that day.
+“It was pure madness,” she said. “Everywhere I went there was some celebration and people shouting and being drunk all over the place, but it was such a wonderful day because I knew George would finally be coming home.”
+Finally, the day McCreary waited five years for came. On June 28, 1945, her husband George came home.
+“He walked into the yard of our house wearing his uniform, dropped his bag, and I just ran into his arms,” she said. “Aside from the day Mary was born, that was the happiest day of my whole life.”
+However, her joy soon turned to sorrow.
+“I went to my job one day a few weeks later and they tell me that they don’t need me anymore and that the men were back and they would do a better job,” she said.
+McCreary said she could not believe what she was hearing. She had served her country well during the war and now she was being tossed aside and told that she was no longer needed because she was a woman.
+“I didn’t have a job anymore, as far as I was concerned I had no identity,“ she said.
+With no factories willing to hire her, McCreary had to come to terms with being a stay-at home mother.
+“It was bloody terrible. I was so bored all day and by this time Mary was starting school. I was all alone,” she said.
+But being jobless was the least of McCreary’s concerns post-war. Her husband had been changed by the war.
+“He was just different. Before the war he was a loud jovial bloke, but when came home he was quiet and there would be times he would break out into sweats and have nightmares,” she said.
+It worried McCreary enough that she begged her husband to go and see a doctor. Initially, he refused.
+“He flat out told me no, but I begged him day after day. He never listened,” she said.
+One night, George McCreary did not come home from his work at his usual time and he remained out past midnight. Olivia McCreary waited up all night for him, worried that something might have happened to her beloved husband.
+Finally at around one in the morning, she heard a car pull into the driveway of her house and and then she heard yelling. She rushed to the door and there was George McCreary lying on the grass of her driveway, drunk.
+“There he was drunk off his ass lying on the ground, yelling names loudly for the whole bloody neighborhood to hear,” she said.
+McCreary ran over to her husband to help, but he refused and told her that he didn’t need help. McCreary had had enough. Tearfully, she reared back and slapped her husband right across his face.
+“I hadn’t cried in years, and I bopped him good for making me do it,” she said. “I pleaded with him to get help. He looked at me and said, ‘Olivia I love you,’ and cried into my shoulder, and I cried with him right there on the lawn. The neighbors must have thought we were mad.”
+The next day, George McCreary took the day off from work, and the McCrearys went to the doctor to have him examined. The doctor did a thorough examination and after a few days, diagnosed him with a case of shell shock. The doctor explained that it was a common condition for soldiers returning from wars and that he had already diagnosed 20 ex-soldiers with the condition.
+“But what cheesed me off was that he told George he simply had to ‘get over it.’ I had never been more angry in me life,” she said. “Come to find out all these years later George had PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder). If I could have met that doctor again, I would have knocked him right on his arse.”
+Determined to get her husband back to his normal self, McCreary took her husband to a therapist in London, who was more sympathetic to his condition.
+“This doctor knew what he was doing and worked with George a lot to get him back to the man I loved,” she recalled.
+Eventually, with extensive therapy George McCreary returned to the gregarious personality that he was before the war. Still, he did “every now and then” have nightmares of the horrors of the Western Front.
+During her husband’s “struggles with therapy,” McCreary never stopped applying for jobs, despite having a second child, whom they named Dwayne and called Will. She did not want “a woman’s job”; she wanted to go back to the only place she felt comfortable, the factory. Eventually, she got a break.
+“They opened up a new steel factory not too far from our house, and I applied. The foreman interviewed me, and he was impressed enough that he hired me,” she said.
+Finally McCreary was back where she wanted to be, but it didn’t come easy.
+“The boys teased me hard at first; they called me ‘Mick’ and ‘Molly’ for the first few months and said that a woman didn’t belong here and that I was moving too slowly. It was a bloody lie, but that just meant I had to work twice as hard,” she said.
+McCreary eventually came to be known as one of the top workers in the factory and earned the respect of her male co-workers as the hardest working, rarely taking a day off and working late into the night. That earned her the nicknames such as “Olivia the Great,” “The Iron Shamrock” and her favorite: “The Woman of Steel.”
+McCreary worked in the steel factory for over 35 years – from 1950 until 1985, first as a floor worker, then as a forewoman in her later years.
+“George would get mad at me often when I came home late and asked why I worked so hard,” she said. “I told him if he wanted me to stay at home, he never should have gone to war,” she said with a laugh.
+Shortly after her retirement in 1985, George McCreary died and left a very large hole in her heart.
+“I cried for weeks. I couldn’t imagine my life without him. It was like he went to war again,” she said.
+With no job and no husband, McCreary needed to find something to occupy her time. She tried endless hobbies, but nothing worked to get her mind off of her boredom and grief, until one day, she got a call from her daughter Mary in America.
+“Mary and Will had moved to America to go to school and ended up staying there for work in New York,” she said. “For years they tried to get me and George to move across the pond, but I told them I’d sooner rather kiss a Frenchman.
+“It’s not that I didn’t like America. We’d gone there on vacation before. It’s just that England was much better, and I hated bloody baseball,” added McCreary, a big fan of cricket.
+After a long conversation with her daughter, McCreary decided that she needed to be closer to her children and grandchildren, the only family she had left. So after a few months of planning and making a visit to New York City, McCreary moved into a studio apartment in Harlem.
+“Mary and Will fought over who was going to put me up, but I told them that I wanted my own place. I was a young woman, and if I was going to bring a man back to the apartment I didn’t want them to tell me anything,” she said.
+McCreary came to like living in America and loved being close to her grandchildren, on whom she always imparted wisdom.
+“I told me granddaughters to never cry themselves over a man because they’re not worth it,” she said with a smile.
+“I told the grandsons that if they didn’t treat their mothers and girlfriends right that I would always be there to pop them up their heads,” she added, laughing.
+Though she was happy to be with her family, McCreary still wanted something to do to take her mind off her boredom. And that’s when she got the perfect idea.
+“It came to me as I was looking back on old pictures of meself that that there must have been thousands of women who worked in the factories during the war,” she said. “We should have a reunion.”
+So McCreary called some of her old co-workers who lived in America and asked them to see if they had interest in a reunion with their friends. The response she got was overwhelming.
+“I had over 200 riveters tell me they were interested in the reunion, so I hired an organizer and we put together the reunion in the lobby of the Sheraton in Manhattan,” she said.
+The event was a success. Almost 350 riveters came and reminisced about the “good old days.” McCreary got to meet so many new people and hear so many interesting stories that she felt as though she had a purpose again.
+“It was such a success that we had to do one again a few years later by popular demand,” she said with a laugh. “I was just happy to do it because it gave me something to do.”
+Life went on for McCreary, who saw society change around her.
+“People these days aren’t as nice,” she said. “In the old days people would ask you how you were on the street. Now they just tell you to piss off.”
+But she doesn’t hate everything about today’s society.
+“I must be the only person in America who doesn’t hate the Kardashians,” she said. “They’re fabulous!”
+And what she would tell young women today?
+“Don’t be dependent. Work hard and don’t complain,” she said.
+The opinions expressed herein are the writer's alone, and do not reflect the opinions of TAPinto.net or anyone who works for TAPinto.net. TAPinto.net is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied by the writer.
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+Building customer loyalty has become the endeavour of every major brand on the planet. While consumers used to stick with a shop or service they liked for decades, today’s savvy shoppers are flitting from one to another on a constant hunt for the best possible deal. It’s a highly competitive market and as the nation’s Big Four supermarkets will attest, customer loyalty can be a tough nut to crack.
+For boutiques offering an amazing service and covetable product line-up, the market is perhaps less volatile. But as department stores turn heads with flash sales and brands sell collections through their own e-commerce sites for less, it’s becoming even harder to get every customer to commit a monogamous relationship.
+“In a competitive market where customers are being tempted by constant discounting and low cost clothing, standing out and maintaining margins is a real challenge faced by boutiques,” says Sonal Mehta from e-commerce solutions company Paraspar (Paraspar.co.uk). “However, all is not lost as there are some real strengths that boutiques have over their larger high-street neighbours when it comes to loyalty; it’s in their DNA, they just need to execute it well.”
+Indeed, smaller businesses can have a great advantage over larger brands as they are able to offer a personal service – and this alone can be enough to keep clients returning. “The foundations of loyalty are built on good quality products, good value for money and a good service,” says Mehta. “These alone will keep customers interested.”
+But to turn shoppers into devoted buyers, the expert believes boutiques need to inspire and develop a deeper emotional relationship with their customers: “Depending on the size and scale of the boutique or retailer, this process can take different forms – from very personalised one-to-one customer service to structured loyalty programmes making use of technology to deliver them.”
+Get scheming!
+Increasingly the natural method of cultivating a loyal fan base is no longer enough and more boutiques are turning to tangible loyalty strategies. “Customer loyalty cards general operate by giving a customer points per purchase that can be used against a future purchase,” explains Patrick Heslin, MD for Retail Integration Limited (Retail-int.com). “The benefit to the customer is the more the shop the more they are rewarded. In return the retailer gets valuable marketing material that can be used to identify customer habits and trends and inform marketing decisions.”
+But traditional loyalty card schemes as we know them have evolved dramatically in recent years. According to experts, the Boots Advantage Card points-for-discounts type of system is becoming increasingly unpopular. “Many of us are walking around with an entire wallet filled with loyalty cards these days,” says Caroline Kimber, data strategy director for customer acquisition and engagement agency Stack. “So many brands are offering them but I think the problem is that customers feel they have to spend a lot to get a decent return. It’s just not a rewarding experience from a consumer perspective.”
+For the business owner, point-based schemes that can be swapped for monetary discounts also pose a challenge. While it’s great when clients are gathering points, it can be a different story when they want to redeem them. “It could have a direct impact on your bottom line if lots of clients decide they want to cash these in, say, right before Christmas,” says Kimber. “It means you’re losing out on those full price sales and that can be quite problematic to any business, especially a small one.”
+Instead we’re seeing major brands re-thinking their loyalty strategies. Waitrose is offering free coffees and newspapers to its members who spend £10 in its stores on a Saturday. Meanwhile, mobile phone provider O2 has broken the mould with its Priority Scheme, which, among other things, sees members receiving early access to concert tickets. Online retailers have also jumped on the bandwagon. ASOS Premier membership, for example, gives customers free next day delivery on all items for just £20 a year, ensuring that when they buy fashion they do so through its site.
+“Consumers today are more interested in receiving perks that make them feel special,” says Kimber. “They want to feel like there’s real benefit to being part of a scheme and are receiving treatment that’s above and beyond a ‘normal’ customer. Money-can’t-buy type offers are leading the way in the loyalty arena.”
+Indeed, leading retailers are now actively using technology to gather information about their customers. Armed with this knowledge, they can then offer them the best possible service. “Currently brands such as British Airways, Costa and Boots invest heavily in their loyalty programmes, which gives you an indication of their value,” says Heslin. “But you must remember that these large brands are only trying to replicate what the small independent retailer inherently has – an intimate knowledge of their customer.
+“Offer loyalty incentives that will make the customer feel special: an acknowledgement that they are a regular customer, an invitation to an event, a discount where appropriate or an occasional reward for being a great customer will all build loyalty.”
+Francesca Nicasio, retail expert at retail management company Vend (Vendhq.com), agrees that perks shouldn’t just be limited to points or pounds. “You should always be aiming for ‘smart’ rewards,” she says. “Think of benefits that would make members feel like they’re really part of something exclusive. For instance, Sephora’s rewards programme offers birthday gifts, free beauty classes, first dibs on new products, advance access to sales, and more. Or you could offer queue jumps or remote ordering. Starbucks does this really well – they track all of their loyalty programme customers and their purchase cycle, such as what they’ve bought, when they’ll buy again and then target people based on this information.
+“These perks go beyond monetary factors; they also educate customers, give them a sense of exclusivity and celebrate moments in their lives – and they don’t have to cost you anything.”
+Knowledge is power
+For retailers it’s all about gathering the right information so you really get to know your customers and can target personalised rewards to them. “By collecting customers’ basic information and tracking their shopping activities, you’ll be able to provide more thoughtful benefits,” says Nicasio. “It doesn’t have to be complicated. Look for one key trend and focus on one or two customer groups. For example, it’s really helpful as a first step to identify shopping behaviour – find out which of your customers shop with you once week, once a month, once a year.”
+The expert also points out that indies should identify their second best customer – and not their first. “Your second best customer is the one that you can grow whereas your best customers is already engaged with you,” she explains. “Determine what your best customer is doing that your second best one isn’t, and use that information to create your loyalty programme, or inform the kinds of rewards you provide to customers. Doing this really helps to strengthen the connection that customers have with your brand.”
+Of course, collecting information is no small task. So investing in technology that takes the headache out of data collection can be money well spent. “Before you begin to consider a loyalty strategy, the most important thing is to know the customers that come in their store and buy,” says Dr Greg Gregoriou at retail solutions firm Esperus (Esperus.com). “Therefore, they need to invest in a technology system that can capture customer details easily and effectively at the point of sale.”
+A good system will provide analysis of the customers’ buying patterns. This data should then be automatically segmented by gender, age and dress size, which will give the boutique detailed information about their customer and use that both face to face, in store, online and through targeted marketing. “This specific strategy to encourage loyalty will then be developed by the analysis of this data,” explains Gregoriou. “For example, if the data concludes that 80 per cent of your customers are female and over 50, then in-store events and a telephone campaign could be perhaps most relevant. However, if the majority of your customers are 18-25 then a social media and online strategy campaign would be perhaps more suitable. So unless we have the data and it is carefully segmented you cannot form the basis of an effective strategy.”
+Capture your customers
+The expert maintains that boutique owners need to rethink the role of their cash desk entirely: “In current times, where customers are so valuable and competition is fierce, the POS is no longer a passive money taking till,” he says. “It is now an advanced marketing device that captures details and displays buying patterns so retailers can fully engage with customers.”
+The Fashione EPoS system boasts a loyalty scheme feature, which tracks each customer’s spending. It helps gather the relevant information so stores can target shoppers with personalised incentives: “Getting to know what motivates your customers is a great way to encourage customer loyalty,” says Karen Shaw at Fashione (Fashione.co.uk) With the Fashione Epos system you can view individual customers purchase history and view reports on customers buying certain collections or on average spends. This way you can invite them to events which suit them such as product launches which interest them.”
+Retailers can use the information to create direct marketing campaigns that will drive sales and improve loyalty. “The Fashione Epos system will capture your customers’ data,” says Shaw. “This can be easily exported and used to mailshot your customers with news and events. Engaging with the in this way is highly effective and will benefit your business.”
+Loyalty schemes can also help indies improve other areas of their business, such as encouraging customers to recommend them to other shoppers. “You could offer extra points for liking your social media pages or signing up to your newsletter or recommending friends to shop at your company,” says Shaw. “The great success of this is that it keeps customers engaged in your company but can also increase the word of mouth exposure. Customers are therefore rewarded for their actions improving their relationship with you as well as encouraging new potentially loyal customers to start a relationship.”
+As when implementing any new strategy, the starting point for creating your loyalty scheme should be deciding your business objective. “Too many organisations jump into a loyalty scheme without fully considering what they’re trying to achieve,” warns Kimber. “They often end up giving away far too much margin and that’s not what loyalty is about.”
+She concludes: “So really think about the behaviour you’re trying to engender, whether you want your clients to visit more often or spend more during each visit. Only then can you start planning your scheme.”
+Name: Rachel Scott
+Genre: Young Adult Contemporary Science Fiction
+Title: Virtuality
+The girl’s pale hand grazed flames but was not burned. Her green eyes were as electric as the storm raging outside. The rain’s steel-drum beat assaulted the windows of SimTech, but I had stopped noticing the terrible San Francisco weather and which mirrored the downpour outside. Shadows of droplets fell in straight rows like calculations. There would be a lot of numbers forming her on that screen. No flesh and blood, just heartless binary.
+The image zoomed to frame her eyes, and words appeared beneath them. Cognitus is born. It was just an ad for a video game, but the artificial intelligence that powered that game made it one of the most important products mega-genius Wesley Sims had ever developed.
+Sims never did anything that wasn’t revolutionary. Even.
+Oh well, I was there and the game was waiting for me. Who cared how it happened?? Should I dare to think you’re excited about this?” Min-Ji Kim flung one arm over my shoulders, which was dumb, because she was a lot shorter than me, and it made her stand on her toes.
+“Never. Okay, maybe. And don’t call me Nathaniel.” I tried to raise one eyebrow in the condescending way only she could manage.
+Min’s black hair was a glossy sheet that fell over new glasses that veiled her scary black eyes. She had near-perfect vision, so the glasses were probably for one of the bets she loved to make. She smelled normal at least, like coconuts.
+I turned fully towards her. “Your glasses are stupid, and your hair is super shiny. It’s mismatched.”
+Min gave up her awkward position and shook her arm. “The glasses are a dare that’ll get me twenty bucks from the new AV kid. The hair is because I bathe in Crisco and faerie blood.”
+“Doesn’t this noob know better than to bet against Min the Mighty?”
+She punched me in the arm. “Don’t call me Min!”
+, they’re nuts. It looks so real. Like real real.” Her eyes bugged out with anticipation. “Man, I’m so excited, and I’m so gonna beat you like always.”
+“You hardly ever beat me.”
+“Fifty percent of the time. You know it.” She side-eyed me, but there was a little smirk lurking at the corner of her mouth.
+“Fine. I’ll give you that.” I nodded.’d been stalking news of the project for months, but I’d never asked him about it. I’d never begged for this chance to see the pure magic of new code.
+The clipped march of expensive dress shoes announced my father’s arrival, activated our shiny techno adventure..
+I stopped the tiny feeling of gratitude to Hal I had subconsciously allowed. It was time to game, and it felt as if thisgame waited for me like a living thing..
+I like the changes you’ve incorporated in the manuscript and think it reads really well. In fact, I have nothing but nitpiks.
+The weather in the first paragraph still bothers me and I hate to mention it again, just that it’s first paragraph. That he’s noticing it and the people in such detail when he says they were uninteresting and he’s focused on the girl on the screen. Maybe drop some of the whether details of crowd details down to when Min comes in…dripping wet? Through the crowd?
+When Min talks about the glasses you could trim it to “The glasses will get me twenty…” b/c you’ve added in above that it’s probably a dare.
+It looks like you need a space between this and game in the second to last paragraph.
+I think he can just brush his fingers through his hair. “One set” sounds a little odd.
+“There was only silence” seems odd also b/c we know Dad’s shoes clicked on the way over, so they are clicking on the way back. “No one spoke…” ?
+Sorry, super nitpicky, but like I said, I liked it. I’d definitely read about what happens in the game!
+Good luck with the manuscript!
+Rebecca
+Nice revision, Rachel. While you've smoothed out some issues, I concur with Rebecca's notes, above, regarding things like weather, glasses, clicking heels. You're great at writing metaphor and lovely language and the trick is to know when to pull back in service of pacing, character and plot. E.g., the short pp in the final third of the chapter, which includes "clipped march" & "shiny dress shoes" & "activated...techno-adventure." All individually strong and evocative but too much packed into such a tight paragraph, making it feel a bit overwritten. That said, you've got a fascinating opening, the start of a strong concept and you're a very good writer. At this point, I'd push forward, writing in a good 100 pages or so until you've really fleshed out your characters, etc. Then, go back to this and do a bit more tightening--maybe you can spread some of those cool metaphors out into later chapters. Congrats on a terrific start and I look forward to hearing how this ms progresses! -- Stasia
+Hi Stasia! Thank you for the feedback :-)
+At this point, I have a complete manuscript that's been revised a few times, but now I feel like I need to dissect every line as I have in this workshop!
+Hi Rachel! I WISH I had time to read this whole ms--it's such an intriguing start. Since this workshop only addresses First Fives, it's hard to guess how the plot and pacing carry forward but I am willing to venture (based on the quality of the start) that you've got a solid ms at this point. Years before I sold my first novel, I went back and forth with an awesome editor over a fantasy ms which I now realize was a bit overwritten (it never did sell). I had to learn that lesson of "kill your darlings" and make sure that every line I wrote was in service of the story and not the writing itself. I guess that could also be translated into the notion of honing voice. So, I guess I'd say, put on your "math geek" classes and go over the ms very clinically, checking for things like doubling-up on adverbs, trios of metaphors, and dialogue that is clever but doesn't move the plot forward. Try to keep a bit of distance (maybe just leave the ms alone for a couple of weeks since you've just been agonizing over, like, 1200 words for a month!) and do a very strategic revision. Save it under a new name, just in case this technique doesn't work well for you. Then, reread it yourself (and, hopefully, have a beta reader or two do the same) and see what you've got. It's not pretty, but sometimes the less writerly, more scientific revision is just what you need to give something that final polish. BEST OF LUCK! - S
+These pages are still really good, and honestly, I can't think of much to add. I still wish there was a bit less animosity toward the dad, especially because his dad doesn't seem like a bad guy. Maybe if dad said something in a harsh tone I'd understand Nate's feelings toward him.
+Other than that, beautifully done!
+Hi Rachel,
+This is beautiful writing. With that comes the dreaded cutting of too much description. I think you could cut a lot of the describing words here and still keep the voice and flow of the story. I would even go as far as suggesting your first sentence be changed, maybe switch the sentences around a bit and see how that works. I do like the beginning but I think you could give us a better intro.
+The dialogue is great, punchy and smooth.
+Other than that I think this is great and with small changes should be as shiny as a new penny.
+Great work, good luck.
+Shannon
+Dear Rachel,
+Thank you for sharing these pages with us!
+As an agent, the genre we present to editors is really important. I’d stick with just YA here, and let editors judge for themselves. Some are afraid of the “science fiction” label, and would rather call it something else. Sometimes it’s better to be more general. And they’ll quickly see that it’s contemporary.
+Your title is good - congratulations, because we are close to running out on fabulous single word zingers for YA titles! Seriously, we brainstorm words like this all the time.
+Please use a comma in the all-important first line (“grazed flames, but was not burned.”) It’s more powerful that way. I’m not sure I understand the “as they watched water streams like news ticker tapes” bit. I don’t want to be confused in the first paragraph. The next paragraph is a bit clunky to me, too. It doesn’t flow easily.
+Note details, i.e. that Nathaniel has spoken fewer than ten sentences to Hal this month - but then it’s rare that he’s “rendered speechless”, which seems to contradict what you said before it.
+I like your humor with “Or lack of complex carbohydrates”, and would like to see more of that use of humor throughout - have fun with it!
+I’d like some sense of what his relationship with Min is - is it romantic? Or best gaming friends?
+There is a lot of description of the setting, the rain, Min, the sound of various footsteps. We could use a bit less description and a bit more narrative of who these characters are, so we are invested in them from the very first pages.
+Good luck!
+Tracey
+Personally, I love it. This is the kind of book I'd love to pick up and read. Great revisions. Great characters. Great set up. By all means fix things that are confusing to others, but I think it reads much cleaner now, so great work. Not sure there's much more I can add!
+Hi Rachel,
+I didn't have much in the way of suggestions last time, and I have even less now. I think this is a very smooth read, and your dialogue, in particular, is really strong. Intriguing premise, quirky characters, good writing: with an opening like this, I would definitely read on!
+Best of luck,
+Kim
+Electrostatic Precipitators Information
+Image Credit: Bionomic Industries | Losma, Inc. | United Air Specialists, Inc.
+Electro the device. The collection efficiency of electrostatic precipitators is largely dependent on the electrical properties of the particulate being collected.
+ESP Operation. This charge forces the particles onto the walls of collection plates or tubes. These collection surfaces (or collection electrodes) are then rapped, vibrated, or washed with water to dislodge the particles, which fall into a hopper to be disposed.
+Two-stage ESP - Image Credit: BPA Air Quality Solutions LLC.
+In summary, the major components of a precipitator include:
+- Collection electrodes
+- Discharge electrodes
+- High voltage power supply
+- Precipitator controls
+- Rapping or spray washing systems
+- Purge air systems
+Efficiency losses occur in ESPs due to reentrainment, sneakage, and back corona. Reentrainment occurs due to rapping, causing a small percentage (10-15 percent) to be projected back into the gas stream. Sneakage is the small part of gas flow that moves around the charging zones untreated due to practical design constraints. Back corona occurs when an electric field becomes large enough to cause an electrical breakdown which reduces the charge on particles.
+ESP Design
+Although the actual design of ESP systems is typically done by the manufacturer, a basic understanding of the design process is helpful for making an informed selection.
+To begin, a manufacturer will ask for a number of process variables which describe the conditions and requirements of the system. These variables include:
+- Gas flow rate - how fast the gas is moving through the system. At higher flow rates, particle reentrainment increases rapidly, but insufficient flow will result in poor gas distribution or particle dropout.
+- Particle size and size distribution - the average size and size distribution of PM in the gas flow. Larger particles pickup charge more easily, while an abundance of small particles may suppress the generation of the corona.
+- Particle resistivity - measure of the particles' resistance to electrical conductance. Particles with high resistivity have difficulty acquiring charge, while particles with low resistivity may lose their charge too easily and not stick to the collection plate. Resistivity is influenced by the particulate's chemistry and the gas temperature.
+- Gas temperature - the temperature of the gas flow in the system.
+- Particle chemistry - the chemical makeup of the particulate matter in the gas flow.
+The manufacturer will then use these variables to construct the ESP. Design factors that determine an ESP's performance include:
+- Precipitator size - the size of the precipitator affects its collection efficiency, footprint, and gas flow capacity. The sizing process is complex and often involves the use of computer models to aid in accounting for the numerous associated variables.
+- Power input - the power supplied to the system to induce the electric field. Increasing power input improves collection efficiency under normal conditions.
+Types of ESPs
+ESPs are classified based on a number of different factors, including the collector design, the number of stages, and whether the process is dry or wet.
+Plate or Tubular
+The functional design of an ESP incorporates either plate or tubular collection surfaces.
+Plate Precipitators
+Plate ESPs primarily collect dry particles and are used more often than tubular precipitators. They can have wire-plate or flat-plate electrodes.
+- Plate-Wire Precipitators
+In a plate-wire ESP, gas flows between parallel plates of sheet metal and high-voltage long metal wires. It allows many flow lanes to operate in parallel, making it suitable for handling large volumes of gas.
+Plate-wire precipitators are among the most common types of ESPs. In industry, they are used in cement kilns, incinerators, boilers, cracking units, sinter plants, furnaces, coke oven batteries, and a variety of other applications.
+- Flat Plate Precipitators
+Plate ESP - Image Credit: EPA.gov
+Smaller precipitators use flat plates instead of wires for high-voltage electrodes. The flat plates increase the average electric field used to collect particles and provide additional surface area for particle collection. They are less susceptible to back corona than conventional plate-wire precipitators but also have higher rapping losses.
+Flat plate ESPs can be used in applications with high-resistivity particles with small (1 to 2 µm) diameters. Fly ash can be captured using flat plate ESPs, but typically requires low velocities to prevent significant rapping losses.
+Tubular Precipitators
+Tubular ESPs consist of parallel arrangements of tubes with high-voltage electrodes running on their axis. The tubes may be arranged as a circular, square, or hexagonal honeycomb with gas flowing upwards or downwards. They are designed as one-stage units in which all the gas passes through the tube, eliminating sneakage. They are still susceptible to inefficiencies from corona non-uniformities.
+Tubular precipitators are less common than plate types. They are used in applications involving wet or sticky particulate, and are typically cleaned with water for lower reentrainment losses than typical ESPs. They also can be tightly sealed to prevent leakage of material, an important consideration for valuable or hazardous substances.
+Tubular ESP - Image Credit: EPA.gov
+Single or Two Stage
+ESPs can be designed as either single or two stage configurations.
+Single-Stage Precipitators
+Most industrial scale ESPs are single stage. They use very high voltages to charge particles and incorporate charging and collection together in the same stage. Sets of electrodes and collector surfaces (plates or tubes) operate in parallel to each other.
+Two-Stage Precipitators
+Two-stage ESPs operate in series rather than parallel configuration. Instead of using a side by side design, they incorporate separate particle charging and collection stages. This allows more time for particle charging, less susceptibility to back corona, and economical construction for smaller sizes.
+Two-stage precipitators are separate and distinct from other ESPs, originally designed for air purification in conjunction with air conditioning systems. They are typically used for smaller, lower-volume applications. They are usually applied to submicron sources emitting oil mists, smokes, fumes, or other liquid aerosols. Many are sold as pre-engineered, package systems.
+Two stage precipitator - Image Credit: EPA.gov
+Selection Tip: Many small ESPs that do not have a self-cleaning mechanism are best used for ambient capture of light dusts and mists. Under heavy particulate loads, ESP collector plates will fill up much more quickly than fabric bags or other filter media because there is much less surface area. Heavy dust collection for commercial ESPs requires storage for large volumes of solids.
+Dry or Wet
+ESPs can also be classified based on whether they operate using a dry or wet process.
+Dry ESPs
+Dry electrostatic precipitators are used to capture particles in dry product streams. They use periodic rapping to separate the accumulated dust from the collector plates and discharge electrodes. The dust layer (released by rapping) is collected in a hopper and then removed by an ash handling system. Typically, rapping will also project some of these particles (around 10-15 percent) back into the gas stream (known as reentrainment). Dry electrostatic precipitators are often not suitable for submicron particulate applications because of particle size, resistivity, and other issues.
+Wet ESPs (WESPs)
+Wet electrostatic precipitators are used to strip wet (saturated) gas streams of particles. They use water sprays to condition/trap particles for collection and also to clean the particles off collection surfaces. WESPs collect particulate matter not suitable for dry ESPs, including sticky, moist, flammable, explosive, or high resistivity solids. WESPs can also remove very fine (submicron) particulate that dry ESPs cannot capture effectively. The use of water also gives these devices gas scrubbing capabilities. Most wet precipitators are tubular designs.
+However, WESPs are more costly than dry ESPs. Because they incorporate water and corrosive gases, they must be designed from more expensive corrosion-resistant materials. Another disadvantage of WESPs is that the PM is collected as a slurry instead of a dry solid. This form is unsuitable for high value or recyclable materials and is more expensive to handle and dispose. If the water is being recycled and reused, the system also must incorporate a water purification step.
+Performance Specifications
+The most important performance specifications to consider when selecting an ESP are the airflow rating and the minimum particle size.