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+21
+Jacob BUTTERFIELD (10
+Simeon JACKSON 68 )
+16
+Steve MORISON
+Unused subs:
+13 Declan
+RUDD
+18
+Javier GARRIDO
+20
+Leon BARNETT
+17
+Elliot BENNETT
+28
+Kyle WALKER (18
+Jermain DEFOE 90)
+20
+Michael DAWSON (c)
+33
+Steven CAULKER
+16
+Kyle NAUGHTON
+46
+Tom
+CARROLL (
+5
+Jan VERTONGHEN
+79
+o.g.)
+29
+Jake
+LIVERMORE (
+6 Tom
+HUDDLESTONE
+46)
+11
+Gareth BALE
+22
+Gylfi SIGURDSSON
+27
+Iago
+FALQUE
+2
+Clint DEMPSEY
+Unused subs:
+23
+Carlo CUDICINI
+39 Adam
+SMITH
+7
+Aaron LENNON
+31 Andros
+TOWNSEND
+This League Cup Fourth Round
+tie was another game that Spurs have thrown away this season.
+The substitutions in the match made the difference with Spurs
+bringing on Jan Vertonghen to shore up the one goal lead and Norwich
+introducing Simeon Jackson and Alexander Tettey. Vertonghen
+deflected in Tettey's shot that was going wide and Jackson was on
+hand to knock the ball home when Lloris had saved well from Turner's
+header.
+To lose 2-1 from a winning
+position is something Spurs have to learn to avoid even if it is in
+a trophy which they are not all that worried about. For all
+the words about taking it seriously and wanting to win every match,
+the comments of AVB afterwards saying it was a pity to lose,
+indicate that the club are not too heartbroken about the exit.
+Spurs started reasonably well,
+with Dempsey heading Naughton's cross wide and Bale had a shot at
+Bunn that he held comfortably. Both sides were flinging
+crosses into the box and they came to little of note, but a good
+passing move by Spurs got the bal through to Dempsey, who had
+started on his own up front, but he couldn't control his toe-poked
+effort that went over the bar. Bale brought a good save out of
+Bunn when he picked up a poor headed clearance and shot from outside
+the area, then he hit the side netting from Livermore's low cross at
+the near post and had another go wide, Kyle Walker missed by a
+distance when the ball ran to him outside the area and Hugo Lloris
+had to save from a Steve Morison headed effort. But none of
+these chances really looked like breaking the deadlock.
+Bale was in the action quite
+a bit and got a yellow card for a lunge on Tierney, but the referee
+failed to notice that Gareth had been caught late, in an incident
+just before that. Consistency is not the name of the game as
+far as referees are concerned. The half ended with shots at
+either end by Dempsey and Howson, with Clint's on target and the
+Norwich captain's a yard wide.
+Not the most inspiring half
+of football, but Spurs had shown the more attacking intent of the
+two sides and Norwich seemed to be going through the motions in
+front of a 16,500 crowd. Tottenham brought on Tom Huddlestone
+for Jake Livermore, who had picked up a knock.
+Norwich started brightly and
+with a good passing move down their right, Surman found himself
+breaking into the box, but Steven Caulker made a fine block to take
+the shot out for a corner. Bale and Iago Falque tested Bunn
+and Kyle Naughton drove a shot over the top, while Lloris was called
+on to keep out an effort from Morison by racing out to block his
+shot at close range. But then, with 66 minutes on the clock,
+Spurs worked the ball on the left between Naughton and Carroll and
+Gareth Bale cut inside to shoot low right footed to Bunn's right and
+the ball went past the keeper's dive and into the bottom corner to
+give Tottenham the advantage.
+Spurs had perhaps just edged
+the balance of the game to this point and were worthy of the lead
+and you hoped they might go on to extend it. Falque had a shot
+at the near post that Bunn beat out and the Norwich changes came
+shortly after, with Tettey and Jackson entering the pitch.
+Lloris produced a flying tip over from Howson's powerful drilled
+shot as Spurs brought on Vertonghen to counter the Canaries'
+changes. They then also brought on Grant Holt and when Dawson
+conceded a corner, all eyes were on him, but the ball cleared the
+forward and went to the far post, where Jan headed away, but only to
+Tettey just inside the box. He struck the ball back towards
+goal, but it was going about a yard wide, until Vertonghen took a
+swing at it and the ball sliced off his shin and went into his own
+goal to put Norwich on equal terms.
+It was a fortuitous goal,
+but one that Spurs should have been aware could always happen and
+that the one goal lead was not enough. Anyway, from the kick
+off, Norwich attacked again, as the impetus swung their way.
+Holt fired in a shot and Lloris did well to save. But the next
+time the ball came into the box, Turner rose highest and headed down
+towards goal from about eight yards out. Lloris got down to it
+well, but couldn't grasp the ball and it popped up with Simeon
+Jackson the one player quickest to react and knock it past the
+French keeper into the goal.
+So, 1-0 up to 1-2 down
+inside a couple of minutes. But with another two gone, Walker
+found space to be played in on the right and as he ran inside the
+area heading for the dead-ball line, Marc Tierney came in and Walker
+went flying. The referee pointed to the spot, but when seen on
+TV later, it was clear that it was not a penalty, with Walker
+anticipating a tackle that didn't get as far as him. Anyway, a
+chance to level was handed to Dempsey from the spot and while he hit
+the shot well, it was about a foot off the floor and just the right
+distance away from Bunn to allow him to reach it to his left
+and push it away. Once more, Spurs players were second to the
+bal and it was hacked away.
+The last throw of the dice
+was to bring on Defoe for injury time, with Walker making way.
+With four minutes left to play, it was a big ask for the little man
+to get Spurs back into the tie, but his running with the ball
+worried Norwich and a corner was played in low to the near post by
+Bale, where it found Michael Dawson and his flick at the ball saw it
+fly at goal, but straight into the midriff of Bunn. There was
+time for one last shot, when Bale's left wing cross beat everyone
+and reached Falque at the far post, but he snatched at his shot and
+the ball went high and wide and that was that.
+Norwich's changes had worked
+out for Chris Hughton and they go through to meet Aston Villa in the
+quarter finals. It might have been a way through to the semis
+for Tottenham, but Villa are boring opposition and it would not have
+been much of a spectacle, much like this game for long periods of it
+anyway.
+As long as it is a learning
+process, otherwise it is nothing more than a pointless exercise.
+Something I hope our side does not experience on Saturday.
+BURTON
+BRADSTOCK
+Back
+to homepage
+Pharisee and Tax Collector – Br. Curtis Almquist.”
+Pharisees get bad press, but they were not bad people. To the contrary, Pharisees were scrupulous in their fidelity to Law of God, they were faithful in worship, they were observant in matters of diet and deportment. They were good people who lived and worked and worshiped with the same. (They could be like the kind of folks who might go to a monastery to pray or worship or retreat!) Very good souls. Tax collectors, on the other hand, were not known to be good sorts of people. The bad press they got was the bad press they deserved. Tax collectors had a reputation for being extortionists. They most likely got their jobs through bribery. And then they procured their own salaries by skimming a percentage of the tax they levied. Tax collectors would be expected by the government to produce a set amount of income for their particular locale; anything they could procure above that pre-determined amount they could pocket, which was a nasty business. Tax collectors were the dregs of society who could live with the prowess and opulence of today’s drug lords in Central America. Pharisees, on the other hand, were not bad souls. Pharisees simply had it right, and they knew it. As we heard in today’s gospel lesson, when they prayed they would say, “God, I thank you that I am not like [these] other people.”
+I don’t know if you’ve got any version of “having it right” or of being better than others… whether there are certain people, particular kinds or classes or groups of people whom you judge uninteresting or ignorant or insufferable… because of their appearance, or habits, or beliefs, or age, or education, or ethnic origins… or dress… or tattoos… and where you can find yourself being dismissive or disgusted or damning? And you’re not a bad soul, either.
+I don’t think that Jesus is ‘down’ on our being judgmental, per se. I seems to me that it’s quite necessary to exercise judgment in life, most every day. All of us must be quite judgmental people. Our “critical faculties” are an essential part of life. Some of this is simply pragmatic, like our “judging” whether it’s safe to cross the street or “judging” the weather, if we should wear a jacket or carry an umbrella. But at a deeper level, perhaps many of us regularly find ourselves having to judge people, whether we can trust someone; judge whether we can support their desires or plans or aspirations or requests; judge whether we will say ‘yes’ to speak with someone, to be seen with someone, to lend our name or word of support to their cause, to sit at table with them, to socialize with them, to vote for them! We have to make judgment calls about confrontations and interventions, when someone has done too little or gone too far, pushed a boundary or an issue too many times, whether it be on the job or in a relationship, and we decide – we judge – that we have to face it or end it… even if we risk being misunderstood and therefore having to pay our dues twice. On such-and-such, what do you think? What do you feel? What will you say or do? What’s your judgment?
+In judging other people, however, if we only get so far as damning or distinguishing or distancing ourselves from these various other souls, separating ourselves from them, then our judgment has probably not gone deep enough. It seems to me that our “critical faculties” which are used unavoidably and essentially in life are a domain within our soul that invites an ongoing conversion to Christ. The real invitation for our own judgment of others is for us to faithfully reflect the nature of God’s own judgment. This judgment is the grace of being to see not through someone but to see into someone, the conditions that make them happy and fulfilled, what gives them a sense of belonging, what plagues them with suffering and doubt, what at some moments cripples or consumes them. It’s to see into someone as God would see into someone – no matter who they are, friend or enemy – someone for whom God has an eternal love. This judgment is the grace of being able to see deeply, which is wisdom: deep vision.
+Jesus preaches one gospel and opens his arms very wide, for all. In Christ there is the movement away from separation from others, to compassion for others, to identification with others. The founder of our community, Richard Meux Benson, spoke not just of living for another person but living in another person. This person whom you may be quick to discount or disown or reject: you are this person. This person who gets under your skin belongs there. They are closer to you than a brother or sister. I would call this the “grace of identification,” the healing of our judgmental faculties to see ourselves in the face and form of the other, which is the conversion of judgment… and which opens us to the grace of humility. You’ll recall Jesus’ saying, for all who exalt themselves will be humbled, but all who humble themselves will be exalted.”
+The grace of humility is the movement away from comparing and contrasting, differentiating ourselves from others. It’s the movement away from relegation: relegating someone, by our judgment, to being our inferior, seeing another as being stupid or unsophisticated, or uncharming or unbeautiful, or unworthy; relegating them to the status of being “a conservative” or “a liberal”; seeing them primarily as an irritant or impediment or a burden. I would say the discovery of the grace of humility is a movement away from this kind of mean relegation to a spirit of identification. It’s to presume, in some deep way, “I am this other person.” And what could otherwise evoke our poor judgment of this other, rather than to use that judgment to reject or condemn, to use that perception of this other as an insightful invitation for mercy. Someone who has a way of getting under our skin in some significant way probably belongs there. Being able to see this is the fruit of the grace of humility. T. S. Eliot writes in his poem “East Coker”: “…The only wisdom we can hope to acquire is the wisdom of humility: humility is endless.” I would say that the grace of humility is informed by our knowing ourselves to be the object of God’s judgment of love.
+Some days, some of us may judge ourselves, and judge ourselves quite harshly, where we come up short in terms of productivity or dependability or accountability. It’s when our own character flaws can get the best of us and the best of others. Where our life’s preparation seems inadequate for the tasks at hand. Where the burdens we bear are intolerable and unacceptable and yet also unavoidable. When it comes to judging ourselves at the end of the day, we may consistently score a poor mark. And we likely judge others the way we judge ourselves… which may not be too well.
+At least for this poor sinner – and maybe this is also true for you – if I were to ponder where I figure into this gospel story about the Pharisee and the tax collector, I would have to say I identify with Pharisee. I am the Pharisee, with very high demands and expectations of myself and others. I am also the tax collector, with many failures and disappointments. Where I want to be, where I feel invited, is someone in the middle, with Jesus, who has come to break down the dividing wall of hostility between us and within us and to open a bridge of humility, real manifestation of God’s generous grace.[i] Charles Péguy, the 19th century French theologian, says that “ grace is insidious.” [ii] Grace is insidious. “When [grace] doesn’t come straight it comes bent, and when [grace] doesn’t come bent, it comes broken. When [grace] doesn’t come from above, it comes from below.”
+In a few moments we will be invited to pray the Lord’s prayer, where we offer our plea to God: “Forgive us our sins, as we forgive the sins of others….” This is the fruit of the grace of humility, something to ask God for in our prayers: the conversion of our critical faculties from a rejecting meanness to a generous mercy, the judgment of love and the grace of identification with others. We belong to one another: one God, one world, ultimately one table at the great “messianic banquet” to come.
+[i] A paraphrase from Ephesians 2:14 : “For [Christ] is our peace; in his flesh he has made both groups into one and has broken down the dividing wall, that is, the hostility between us.”
+[ii] Charles Pierre Péguy (1873-1914).
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+3 Comments
+Truly an excellent sermon. So much wisdom here and much to learn and inwardly digest. I will be reading this many times. With God’s help, I hope to live my life with this kind of humility, which to me is simply one of the many manifestations of Love. Thank you.
+This was very helpful to me this morning. When I get annoyed by someone today, I will remember that there is a reason this person is in my life today. I will hopefully will reflect of what God is trying to teach me.
+What a powerful statement “someone who has a way of getting under our skin in some significant way probably belongs there!” It is such a succinct way of addressing the problem so many of us, including me, have with the slippery slope down to the loss of humility.
+USGA opts for coastal locations - heartland hostings on hold
+USGA opts for coastal locations - heartland hostings on hold
+By M. James Ward
+The selection of future US Open sites provides a fascinating behind the scenes understanding of how the United States Golf Association (USGA) seeks to position its most important event. Recommendations are made to the full Executive Committee by senior staff who then ultimately make the final call on which sites are eventually selected.
+Interestingly, it was a staff recommendation -- from former USGA Executive Director Frank Hannigan -- that got the ball rolling when Shinnecock Hills was considered for re-entry in 1986 as a US Open venue. The issue was whether a seasonal club could host the event with the USGA playing the role in getting all the details in motion -- especially on the volunteer side -- something other active membership bases had been keen to do for all the years prior.
+In recent years the USGA has opted to include a combination of different sites. In 2013, the Open returned to Merion Golf Club, just outside of Philadelphia, for the first time since 1981. The charming club on the Main Line had to undergo significant modifications given the limited acreage on-site. For example, total ticket sales were capped at 18,000 daily because of the limited space. In addition, the practice area was held on the adjoining West Course -- which required all players to be shuttled back to the East Course. The net result? The desire to include Merion provided clear logistical hurdles that may keep the club on the sidelines for quite some time if ever hosting the event again.
+Adding to the mixture of host sites has been the introduction of new sites. This includes the likes of Bethpage's Black Course in 2002 and 2009, as well as Torrey Pines South in 2008. Courses that have opened in recent years were also included -- Chambers Bay in 2015 and Erin Hills in 2017. As of now, only Torrey is scheduled for a return in 2021.
+Two of the major championships have a completely different set of circumstances. The Masters is always played at Augusta National Golf Club and therefore is always played at the same course. The Open Championship does rotate to different venues but those locations must be a links course and the circumstances for hosting leave a very limited number of options with anywhere from 8-10 courses being in the mix.
+The PGA Championship is the direct competition with the USGA. For much of the PGA's history the selection of sites was a hodgepodge of second tier layouts with only a few of note being selected. That changed dramatically under the leadership of Jim Awtrey when he became a part of the leadership team in 1986. It was Awtrey who went full bore in raising the profile of the 4th major and the primary emphasis was on getting quality clubs being pursued rigorously.. In sum -- the USGA was no longer in the catbird seat regarding course selections and now faced a revved up competitor looking for equal consideration.
+That tug-of-war continues to this day. In years past, it was possible for a club to hold both events near enough on the calendar. Oakmont held the US Open in 1973 and 1983 --- sandwiched in-between in 1978 was the PGA Championship. No PGA Championship has returned to the famed Pittsburgh layout since then. The same holds true for Oakland Hills (South). The Detroit-area club hosted the US Open in 1985. In 2004 and 2008 the club hosted the Ryder Cup and PGA Championship respectively -- as well as two US Amateurs in 2002 and 2016. To date, no 7th US Open is scheduled.
+The PGA of America has been quite active in securing host sites that formerly were tied very closely to the USGA. The most prominent being Oak Hill, Baltusrol and Hazeltine National respectively. Oak Hill, the Rochester, NY club, last hosted a US Open in 1989. In the years to follow -- the famed East Course staged the 1995 Ryder Cup and the 2003 and 2013 PGA Championships. In 2023, the club will again host the PGA. A US Amateur was played there in 1998 but no US Open is planned or likely to happen for the foreseeable future.
+The same has happened with Baltusrol. The New Jersey-based club eschewed any professional event by being firmly in the USGA camp. After the 1993 US Open the club was unable to secure support for a 8th US Open following a 13-year cycle in hosting the USGA's main event in 1954, 1967, 1980 and 1993. The PGA Championship was played there in 2005 and during the PGA Championship's centennial in 2016. Whether the club is able to secure another US Open is entirely problematic.
+Hazeltine in the Minneapolis area has hosted numerous USGA events -- the most noted being the 1970 and 1991 US Opens. But, despite the desire of the club to get a 3rd US Open the USGA has opted for other locations. Given that reality, Hazeltine hosted the PGA Championship in 2002 and 2009 as well as the Ryder Cup in 2016. Another Ryder Cup is scheduled for 2028.
+The recent focus for the USGA has been in restoring the position of a number of classic designed layouts to the forefront. In 2016 Oakmont hosted the US Open and will do so again in 2025. After the debacle in not watering greens during the 2004 championship it appeared Shinnecock Hills might not return to the grand stage. Time has a tendency to heal wounds and the Long Island club is front and center this week with its 5th Open and will do so again for a 6th time in 2026.
+From this year through the 2027 event at Pebble Beach the US Open will be staged primarily in either east or west coast time zones. The west coast locations provide the USGA with prime time viewing of the event as the final tee times can be scheduled for 3-4 pm local pacific time allowing for prime time viewing in the eastern USA. The 2019 event at Pebble Beach marks the 100th anniversary of the club and the Open returns to California in two-year intervals with Torrey the site in 2021 and a new opportunity with Los Angeles CC in 2023. Covering the remaining slots are several eastern locations with Winged Foot in 2020, The Country Club in 2022 and Pinehurst in 2024.
+The central and mountain time zones in America will not be able to host a US Open until at least 2028 at the earliest. But, that has not meant that clubs in those two areas have stood still. Inverness, located in Toledo, OH, and a four-time venue for the US Open, went through an extensive restoration project that jettisoned the ill-suited contributions made by George and Tom Fazio when the club was about to host the 1979 US Open. Those changes were never really accepted and the club showed total resolve in admitting the obvious and in bringing on board a relatively unknown architect named Andrew Green based out of Baltimore, MD. The Donald Ross layout has returned with much needed vigor and the overall "look" of Inverness is clearly aligned to its original premise. The layout can stretch to over 7,500 yards and it will be interesting to see if the USGA takes note. After hosting the 1979 Open, Inverness also was courted by the PGA and eventually hosted two events -- in 1986 and 1993 -- where Aussie Greg Norman lost both times in epic finishes by Bob Tway and Paul Azinger respectively.
+Courses such as Cherry Hills in the Denver area and Southern Hills in the Tulsa area have hosted previous US Opens but are unlikely to get nods for future events. In the case of Southern Hills the club opted to work with the PGA and will host two of its events -- including the PGA Championship -- both prior to 2030. Interestingly, when Herb Kohler opened his mega golf facility just north of Sheboygan, Wisconsin -- initially with Blackwolf Run and then Whistling Straits -- he was intent in having a future US Open come to Whistling Straits. That opportunity never came but it did not prevent Kohler from working with the PGA of America and eventually hosting three PGA Championships as well as being the site for the 2020 Ryder Cup Matches. In Kohler's mind -- that's a trade he will take gladly. With the exception of Bethpage in 2024 the Ryder Cup has been the domain of America's heartland since 2004 and will be in that part of America through 2028.
+One major factor that will certainly change the landscape is the PGA Championship being contested in May starting in 2019. The switch happened in concert with the PGA TOUR seeking to abbreviate its congested FedEx Cup Playoffs so no overlap with the start of the National Football League's season would occur. This meant The Players Championship, formerly played in May returning to its original placement in March.
+The new time frame means the PGA of America will be looking for possible host sites that may have been at a disadvantage when the traditional August time frame was used. Locations such as Southern Hills would be a much better fit in May than in the cauldron of oppressive heat with an August placement. It is very possible that large States which have had no real role in major championship golf such as Texas will become viable candidates.With the PGA making a clear beachfront in America's heartland -- the USGA has made a clear movement in relying on locations in the eastern and pacific time zones. Classic design architecture has clearly returned to the forefront and the core four facilities -- Oakmont, Shinnecock Hills, Pebble Beach and Pinehurst #2 -- are firmly entrenched as the lead layouts for the folks from Far Hills, NJ. The PGA of America has quickly escalated the stakes for what courses will be in play. The ensuing battleground skirmishes will make for an interesting roadmap on which courses opt to go in one direction or the other. The street of major championship golf is clearly a "one way" oriented street - either with the USGA or PGA of America. Two-way traffic is hardly likely.
+Happy Makeup Wars Monday! This time we’re sharing our go-to makeup products. These are the products that are tried and true, which I love. I’ve got a quick makeup look, as well as my favorite products in each category to share with you.
+All products are cruelty free and any products that I know are vegan are marked as vegan.
+Yes, I have hooded eyes and you can see the hood very clearly in the above picture. My liner is barely visible, which is why I kept it skinny at the inner upper lash line and winged it out slightly at the outer upper lash line.
+Eyes
+Too Faced Shadow Insurance
+Urban Decay Walk of Shame (Naked Basics palette) – all over eye area
+NARS Ubangi Eye Paint – upper lash line
+Physicians Formula Sexy Cat Eyes Mascara
+Senna Cosmetics Sketch-A-Brow in Ash Brown
+Notoriously Morbid Osteomancy – highlight
+Face
+Cover FX Illuminating Primer
+Cover FX Pressed Mineral Foundation in N10 (applied with Nyx Dewy Setting Spray)
+Makeup Geek Secret Admirer – blush
+Notoriously Morbid Osteomancy – highlight
+Lips
+Colour Pop Lip Pencil in Bunny
+Colour Pop Lippie Stix in Bunny
+Now, I’m not going to lie and say that I wear green lipstick when I’m in a hurry. I don’t. I really tend to go for a bright pink or pinky purple. However, my go-to look works with ANY lipstick color, which is why it’s a go-to look.
+Let me break it down for you. I do a tiny bit of liner to emphasize my eyes. I add a dab of blush. I make my lipstick the brightest or darkest part of my look. The eye is easy to do because it’s literally primer, then base shade, then liner, and finish with mascara. I use the same highlighter that I use on my cheeks on my eyes.
+Go-to Foundations
+- Cover FX Pressed Mineral Foundation in N10 – if I’m in a real hurry, this pale neutral is perfection. (vegan)
+- Cover FX CC Cream in N-Xtra Light – This is my favorite foundation of all time. It’s perfect whether my skin is dry or oily or sensitive. I prefer to apply it with a damp beauty blender but I can use a brush in a pinch. (vegan)
+- Too Faced Tinted Beauty Balm in Snow Glow mixed with Life’s Entropy White Foundation – Snow Glow is too dark for me on its own, but if I mix in Life’s Entropy White, it works well. (vegan)
+Go-to Setting Powders
+- NARS Light Reflecting Loose Setting Powder
+- Urban Decay Naked Skin Ultra Definition Loose Setting Powder in Naked Light
+- Cover FX Illuminating Setting Powder in Light
+- Purely Cosmetics Diamond Perfect Powder
+Go-to Blushes
+- Makeup Geek Secret Admirer or Romance
+- Tarte Mirage (sorry this one is LE, I bought 2)
+- Too Faced Sweethearts Perfect Flush Blush in Candy Glow
+- NARS Unlawful or Orgasm or Olympia
+Go-to Eyeshadows
+- Urban Decay Walk of Shame
+- Darling Girl Tragic Death of Mr Stay Puft
+- Sugarpill Lumi (vegan)
+- Fyrinnae Nijiro (vegan)
+- Saucebox Snow Flake
+- NARS Eye Paint in Porto Venere
+Go-to Eyeshadow Fixatives
+- Fyrinnae Pixie Epoxy (vegan)
+- Darling Girl Glitter Glue
+- e.l.f. Studio Makeup Mist & Set (vegan)
+Go-to Eyeliners
+- NARS Eye Paint in Black Valley or Ubangi
+- Urban Decay 24/7 Liquid Eyeliner in Perversion (vegan)
+- Urban Decay 24/7 pencil in Mainline (vegan)
+Go-to Mascaras
+- Too Faced Better Than Sex
+- Urban Decay Perversion
+- Physicians Formula Sexy Cat Eyes
+Go-to Highlighters
+- Notoriously Morbid Osteomancy (vegan)
+- Too Faced Candlelight Glow Duo
+Go-to Primers
+- Too Faced Shadow Insurance
+- Cover FX Illuminating Primer (vegan)
+- Nyx Angel Veil Primer
+Go-to Setting Sprays
+- e.l.f. Studio Makeup Mist & Set (vegan)
+- Urban Decay All Nighter (vegan)
+- Nyx Dewy Setting Spray
+- Model in a Bottle Setting Spray
+Go-to Brow Products
+- Senna Cosmetics Sketch-a-brow in Mink or Ash Brown
+- Anastasia Beverly Hills Perfect Brows in Medium Brown or Granite
+- Anastasia Beverly Hills Tinted Brow Gel in Granite
+Go-to Nail Polish
+- Cult Nails Nevermore – Cult Nails closed, so I bought several more bottles before they closed. It’s my perfect one coat black so if I don’t know what to wear, I reach for this.
+- Obsessive Compulsive Cosmetics Nail Color in Technopagan – the perfect melding of blue and purple
+- Crow’s Toes Nidavellir – a purple base with bright teal blue shift and magenta sparks.
+- GlitterDaze Essence of a Unicorn – purple, pink, green and blue glitter flakes – this looks great on top of so many different polishes to add something extra.
+My lipstick shade entirely depends upon my mood. But when I do a minimal go-to look I tend to go for bright pink or pinky-purple lips. I also love the Obsessive Compulsive Cosmetics Colour Pencils as lipsticks and I reach for those a ton. I��ve worn Hoochie, Anime, Black Dahlia and Sebastian a ton over the past several months.
+Go-to Lipsticks
+- Obsessive Compulsive Cosmetics Colour Pencils in Hoochie, Anime, Sebastian, Black Dahlia or Lydia (vegan)
+- Fyrinnae Liquid Matte Lipstick in Desire, Delicious or Vixen (vegan)
+- Too Faced Melted Lipstick in Fuchsia, Candy, Violet or Jelly Donut (vegan)
+- Urban Decay Revolution Lipstick in Anarchy, Jilted or Obsessed (vegan)
+- Colour Pop Lippie Stix in Tuxedo, Scandy, Corset, Grind, Leather, Feminist, Brills, Bunny or Bull Chic (vegan)
+- Kat Von D Everlasting Liquid Lipstick in Backstage Bambi or Jeffree
+Gel eyeliners are what I reach for 99% of the time when I need to define at the lash line and want it to last. With oily, hooded lids, gel eyeliners are the way to go. For a go-to shade, I want black or blackened teal blue or blackened blue. I feel like blackened blue and blackened teal blue will emphasize my eye color while plain black just helps to make my eyes look larger if I do my liner placement correctly. Tightlining the upper lash line really makes a big difference in how your eyes look.
+If you’re in a hurry, a contour blush like NARS Olympia is great for defining your cheekbones.
+When it comes to a go-to eyeshadow I typically want a light skintone nude / matte type shade or a wash of light shimmer. I used to use things like MAC Paint Pots for this but NARS Eye Paints are a great cruelty free alternative. So are Darling Girl watercolor paint pots. I know many people prefer a taupe or brown eyeshadow on the lid and lower lid when they want a simple look, but with my eye shape I really feel like a lighter shade is a better choice.
+If I’m in an absolute hurry, I’ll just do this – Apply foundation all over my face, including my eyes. Then I’ll define my brows. Add mascara. Throw a little color on the cheeks. Finish with OCC Colour Pencil in Hoochie or Sebastian. Though trust me, I prefer to have the time to do some eyeliner because my eyes need emphasis on the upper waterline and outer upper lash line to help open them up.
+What are your go-to makeup options? What do you reach for when you’re in a hurry?
+You May Also Enjoy
+Last Updated on
+30 Comments
+wow, unique look, love the green lip color.
+Awesome look! Thanks for the recommendations 😀
+I LOVE setting sprays! But the NYX and Elf sprays are labeled to be made in China which can be harmful to your skin. But i believe the rest on your faves list are made in US which is good to go!
+Absolutely love this post-super helpful! Because I often find myself in this predicament! I need to check out a few more of the NARS Eye Paints! I do something similar-I must must have concealer and mascara on, so I will first apply my UD Shadow Potion Primer, use a matte nude beige shadow like the Madrague 1 from the NARSissist Smoky Eye Kit or one of the matte nude beiges in the Saucebox Etude. The NARSissist Smoky Eye Kit-that’s really my go to palette in a hurry because it’s one two three. If I have a little more time I’ll do a quick smoky eye with it. I’ll use the liner that matches with it Via Veneto(black), then concealer NARS Immaculate in Vanilla, Cover FX Mattifying Primer and then Pressed Mineral Foundation! Thanks for all the great go-to product recommendations! Have you tried the new Soft Velvet Loose Powder from NARS? I was wondering how you think it would compare to the Light Reflecting? It is supposed to have color correcting properties so it might work well for you. Also wanted to know if you ever use the MUG buffing brush for your setting powder too.
+That lipstick color is so fun!
+Beautiful! I think that I need to try that TooFaced Eyeshadow Insurance. 🙂
+That blush shade is perfection and your lashes look amazing!
+Even if that green lipstick is your go-to, I won’t be surprised because you’re the only one I know who can wear any shade yet still look gorgeous.
+That green lipstick is the perfect jewel-tone. Got to go check out your choices one by one and make a wishlist!
+Wow, what an extensive list–I got some great ideas!
+You’ve got some amazing choices. I wouldn’t even know what to pick from your list. I know it won’t be the green lippie but I envy that you can wear this and still look fabulous.
+You would definitely love the Cover Fx Illuminating Primer 🙂
+Great go-to choices and that green lipstick! Gorgeous!
+Thank you Kelly! Really glad you like them 🙂
+What an inspiring list of products! I love your look, and nobody can rock green lipstick like you can– you beauty!
+Aww thanks Lola! Hopefully you love one or two of these too 🙂
+Even though it’s not your everyday look, I love the green lippie on you!
+Thanks Allison! I’m surprised by how much I love wearing Bunny.
+Nars Orgasm has been a go to blush for me for years!
+I can see why it’s a cult favorite – it’s flattering on a wide variety of skintones
+So many fantastic picks! And yep, I’m with everyone else in that you are truly the only person I know who could rock a green lip and make it look good. Also, I need to finally check out Colour Pop.
+Thank you Brittany! I never even thought of wearing a green like this until Colour Pop came out with Bunny.
+Beautiful look Phyrra! You absolutely rock that green lip!
+Thanks Jen!
+This list covers EVERYTHING! I’m so glad you gave us multiple options from your faves!
+Hopefully there’s a formula that everyone can love from this list.
+Love so many of the products you chose!
+Yay we have similar tastes 🙂
+Whoa. So pretty! Only you could wear that green!
+Thanks K <3 <3 <3
+Mothers Day in the UK falls on Sunday, March 26th this year. And I thought it was about time I put together a little compilation of gift ideas that I’m sure any mum would be over the moon to receive. I feel like I always mention the same few stores when putting together a gift guide like this, but this year I’ve managed to include quite a few that I know I haven’t spoken about before. I hope you enjoy it and that it gives you some ideas of what you can buy your own mum this Mothers Day. So, without further ado, let’s get started …
+Breadmakers by Panasonic – from £119.99
+The first gift I’ve chosen to include in this year’s Mothers Day Gift Guide is a slightly unusual one, but one I think mums who love to bake would really appreciate – a breadmaker! I was lucky enough to receive a Panasonic breadmaker as a gift a couple of years ago, and I’ve used it pretty much every day since I opened it. I find it so much easier than making bread by hand, and the beautiful smell and taste you get from homemade bread beats shop-bought bread every time.
+Over the years I’ve made loads of different types of loaves in my breadmaker. There are literally hundreds of fantastic breadmaker recipes to be found online, and I generally use these 3 websites when I’m after trying something new:
+Panasonic has lots of different types of breadmakers available, so there’s bound to be something for every type of mum. Mine is a pretty basic one, and when it needs replacing (if it ever needs replacing – I still have a Panasonic CD player that works perfectly that my mum and dad bought me back in 1994), I’d like to get one with a scone mode so I can make even more delicious treats for my little family. Yum!
+Cluse La Roche Rose Gold & Marble Watch – £139
+When I came across this beautiful Cluse La Roche Rose Gold & Marble Watch a couple of weeks ago I just knew I wouldn’t be able to resist adding it to this year’s Mothers Day Gift Guide. I mean, just take a look at it. It’s beautiful!
+Perfect for those who want to spend a little more on their mum this year, the Cluse La Roche watch features a genuine white marble dial, produced from a raw stone. Each piece of marble is one of a kind with a veining pattern running through it, which makes each La Roche timepiece entirely unique. The watches also have a 38mm stainless steel case with a brushed rose gold finish and a stylish grey leather strap. If I was able to choose my own Mothers Day present this year then I think this is what I would pick. I just love it!
+Pink Luxe Knitted Mermaid Blanket – £27.99
+Mermaid blankets are everywhere at the moment, and if your mum likes to snuggle up with a good book or TV show in an evening then they’d be sure to make a great gift for her this Mothers Day! My favourite of all the mermaid blankets I’ve seen so far is the pink luxury fishtail blanket from Bows Boutiques.
+The blanket comes in one size and is made from a heavyweight UK manufactured knit, so it’s nice and snug when you pull it on. It has an opening for mum to easily slip her body into, and there are no fiddly fastenings either, which I think makes it appealing. It comes in 3 other colours as well, so if pink isn’t really her shade there’s bound to be another she’d like. I’d love to hear what you guys think of mermaid blankets as I know they’re not everyone’s cup of tea, but they’ve proved to be extremely popular over the last few months. Let me know!
+Personalised Portrait Print – £45
+If you’re looking for something a little different to give to your mum this Mothers Day then how about treating her to a personalised print from Dorothy & Theodore? This fantastic artwork is hand drawn to match the individuals you want in the design. So you could choose to feature just mum and dad, the whole family or mum with her grandchildren … the possibilities are endless!
+I think I’m going to treat my mum to one of these prints for Mothers Day this year. And have a picture of her, Stacey and Oscar drawn on to it. She’d love that. And what I like about buying from Dorothy & Theodore is that you can actually e-mail them an up-to-date photo of the people you want in the image so you’ll get a great resemblance to them in the finished product.. You don’t have to do this, though – you can describe each person when you order. And the prints come framed as well, which is brilliant! I know lots of mums who would love to receive something like this as a gift, myself included. It just feels so much more personal than a lot of similar products on the market. I just love it!
+Personalised ‘Love You Mummy’ Candle – £29
+For mum’s who love burning candles, how about treating her to one of these gorgeous scented candles from Lily Belle? There are 3 different colours and scents to choose from, although the sweet pea and jasmine one pictured above is my absolute favourite, and each candle has a burn time of around 40 hours.
+The beautiful glass candle holder can be engraved with a personalised message of up to 42 characters of text over 3 lines. And you can even add a heart on there too. Aww. When the candle is lit, it will illuminate your message, making it an extra special little keepsake for the lucky recipient. And once the candle has burnt down she can simply place a tealight in the bottom of the jar to continue to use it. It’s a truly special little gift that is sure to light up any mum’s life this Mothers Day.
+Oliver Bonas Cat and Dog Trinket Dishes – £9.50 each
+If your mum is anything like me, she’ll just take her jewellery off at night and scatter it all over her dressing table, regularly resulting in a missing earring or something. Trinket dishes are a great gift to give to someone who does this, as they can hold lots of different things, from necklaces and earrings to bracelets and watches, keeping them nice and safe and tidy.
+I absolutely love these pet-themed trinket dishes from Oliver Bonas. They come in two different designs – Pepe the Dog and Saskia the Cat. The dishes are inspired by real life pets, and each design has been printed onto organic-shaped trinket dishes and given a sophisticated style with a metallic finish to hold all of your odds and ends. What’s not to love about them?! I’ll take one of each, please …
+Cecily London Dreamcatcher Necklaces –
+from £115 from £40
+If your mum likes to receive jewellery for Mothers Day then how about treating her to one of these beautiful dreamcatcher necklaces from Cecily London? The necklaces come in silver, gold, and rose gold, and they each have a beautiful little pearl in the centre and hand-carved bone feather detail at the bottom.
+The dreamcatcher is available in several different chain styles and lengths, and I think they look simply stunning on. I’m saving up for a silver one myself, to wear to a wedding I’m going to next month. I’m going to be wearing a black dress, and I love how silver jewellery looks with black. I think these necklaces would make a super special gift for mums everywhere this Mothers Day as dreamcatchers are renowned for their symbolism of unity and their power to protect. She’s bound to love them!
+Personalised Puff Heart Bracelet – £18.95
+Another piece of jewellery I think is just perfect for Mothers Day is this silver plated puff heart bracelet that can be personalised with mums name or an initial. The bangle measures 7.5 inches (19cm) in length and it is super easy to wear and remove as it can just be slipped on and off the wrist when required.
+The main part of the bangle has two charms on it – one is a silver plated flat heart charm – which is the one that can be engraved. And the other is a silver plated puff charm. There are also two silver beads on either side of the charms. It’s a really beautiful bracelet that would be sure to look lovely, and it’s one of my favourite styles as even those of us with tiny wrists can wear them without the fear of losing them due to them being able to be ‘pinched’ closed a little.
+Artificial Orchids in Pots – from £18
+This will be the 7th Mothers Day Gift Guide I’ve written since I started blogging back in 2012, and if you’ve been reading for a while, you’ll notice that I very rarely suggest buying flowers for a special occasion. Now, this isn’t because I don’t think flowers make a great gift. They really do. It’s just that I always feel sad when they die and I have to throw them away, and I’m sure other mums must feel the same way about them. And that’s why I much prefer to give someone an artificial plant as a gift. I mean, if they’re looked after properly, artificial plants have the potential to last forever!
+Orchids are one of my favourite plants, but real ones require a lot of special care and attention. So these artificial ones in pots from Next are perfect for having around the home instead. They come in 4 different sizes, and look and feel just like the real thing! I have one of these sat on my dining room table at the moment and it looks absolutely stunning. If your mum enjoys plants and flowers she’s sure to love these. Prices start at just £18 for a single stem in a ceramic pot and they go up to £150 for the extra large pot, which is set inside a beautifully finished mercury glass bowl. I just love them!
+LIB ‘Beauty & the Beast’ Inspired Beauty Box – £20
+And last but certainly not least, I’ve chosen to include this box of goodies from Latest in Beauty, which is inspired by the release of Disney’s most anticipated movie of the year : Beauty & the Beast. The box costs £20 to purchase, but has over £80 worth of products inspired by the movie inside.
+I won’t go into too much detail on this in my gift guide, as I’ve actually treated myself to one of these boxes and want to write a full review up within the next couple of weeks, but as you can see from the image above, it contains 7 different beauty products, all concealed in a box that’s made to look like a book. Clever huh?
+What’s in the box?
+- Burt’s Bees Lipstick in the shade Blush Basin or Sunset Cruise
+- L’Occitane Roses et Reines Hand & Nail Cream
+- Soigné Betteraves Rouges Nail Polish
+- Latest in Beauty Gold Compact Mirror with Rose Detail
+- Gatineau Radiance Enhancing Gommage
+- Oribe Gold Lust Dry Shampoo
+- Caudalie Vinosource Moisturizing Sorbet
+As I’m a big fan of French beauty products this box is right up my street. And if your mum loves her beauty products then she’s sure to love it too. It’s a box that’s truly fit for a Queen.
+And there you have it – my Mothers Day Gift Guide for 2017. I hope you enjoyed looking through the items I picked out as much as I enjoyed putting the list together.
+So, what do you guys think of the things I chose? Would you buy your mum anything from my list?
+Don’t forget to let me know in the comments below!
+Thanks for reading guys. And happy shopping!
+Twitter | Facebook | Bloglovin | Instagram | Pinterest
+*Post contains paid link
+53 Comments
+Hey, such a dab post. Like the trinket holders and the beauty&the beast beauty box. Thanks for sharing 🙂 x
+Thank you Melanie 🙂 I’m dying to get my hands on a couple of the trinket dishes, they’re so cute!
+Louise recently posted…Sister Act the Musical
+Can’t believe Mother’s Day has snuck up so quickly – thanks for some amazing ideas – I’ve actually just bona and bought the engraved candle for my mummy – I know she’ll love it
+Emma recently posted…Healthy Chocolate Brownies
+Aww, I’m sure she will Emma 🙂 I know I’d be thrilled to get one next Sunday!
+Louise recently posted…Awesome New Gym Gear
+There’s some lovely ideas here, that Cluse watch is gorgeous! My mum would love the latest in beauty box! xo
+Rachel recently posted…My Spring Fashion Wishlist
+I’ve been dropping hints about the Cluse watch Rachel! LOL. I think it will be a ‘save up and treat myself to it’ item though 😀
+Louise recently posted…5 Hidden Gems in Derbyshire
+That Cluse watch is so gorgeous I have been seeing it pop up all over Instagram and it would be a lovely mothers day present x
+Ana De- Jesus recently posted…February Degustabox: Take Two
+Thanks so much for including Dorothy & Theodore – we pretty much love everything else on your list too!! X
+You’re very welcome Sally – we love your prints so much 🙂 X
+Louise recently posted…5 Effective Ways to Treat Pesky Coughs and Colds
+These are fantastic gift ideas! I love the kitty & dog dishes and the gorgeous watch! I’d be incredibly happy with any of these gifts for Mothers Day!
+Ohhh I would love that watch! And the mermaid blanket! So many gorgeous gift ideas!
+What a great selection of items. I would say you can’t go wrong with the bread maker!
+I’m loving all the posts I’m reading about mother’s day gifts! These are great ideas too…I’m compiling a list of possible presents!
+Great ideas, mother’s day has already passed where I live, but will remember some of the ideas for next year!
+Sarah | Lavender Life recently posted…Guest Post: My Dirty Little Secret
+Oh I love all these items, the beauty and the beast box is fab! I adore the personalised doodle too xx
+Newcastle Family Life recently posted…Other Bloggers Family Lives Featuring Mum’s The Nerd
+The trinket dishes are adorable!! I want some.
+Some beautiful gift ideas here. I love the watch. I would be happy with any of these gifts 🙂
+Oh hun, I was ooooohing and aaaaahing at all these ideas! Can I have them all?! Great selection, thank you. Kaz x
+Just imagine getting them all Kaz! I’d feel like all my Mothers Days had come at once 😉 Hehe x
+Louise recently posted…Monthly Music – Soundtrack for a Vampire
+Yes to the bread maker – I’d love that for Mother’s Day! All your other ideas are beautiful too, thoughtful gifts are always the best 🙂
+Helen x
+My mother loves candles and this would be ideal for her, something for her to cherish and keep forever.
+L
+Those cat and dog trinket plates are stunning. Though I do think the dogs look like bunnies!
+I’m so glad someone else thinks this! LOL. I didn’t like to mention it in the post incase no one agreed with me :p
+Louise x
+Louise recently posted…The 10 Commandments of Beauty
+The Cluse watch is lovely. the ad always appears on my Facebook page and I am so tempted to order one!
+Lots of lovely things here. That watch is to die for x
+Some great ideas. I would love a bread maker although not sure where I would store it in my kitchen! Love that watch 😍! Really like the artificial orchids too as I have a habit of killing living plants! Oops
+These are such lovely gifts. I love the personalised portrait print and the watch.
+I have asked for a Yankee candle this year although a breadmaker would be nice
+All those gift ideas are lovely. I have fallen in love with that watch, I have been wanting one lately too.
+Viki recently posted…Quirky Lilly #1
+You have lots of great ideas here. Hopefully my kids will get me something from this list.
+These are all fabulous ideas! I personally like chocolate. And books.
+Amber recently posted…Hey, It’s Okay
+I didn’t realize that Mother’s Day was right around the corner! I would love for my kids (their dad) to get me that mermaid blanket. It’s so cute!
+What a great list. I particularly love the cat and dog trinket dishes!
+Nice gift suggestions! My personal pick based on your list is the Personalised ‘Love You Mummy’ Candle , simple yet sincere message. I am sure Mom will appreciate and love it!
+Anosa recently posted…Things to do in London Along the Thames
+Oh my goodness, I love the little trinket dishes, the cat one especially. Lovely gift suggestions!
+These are really lovely items. Some of these I would gladly keep to myself, lol! I love the personalized ones as well, especially the candle holder. I think it’s really sweet.
+I got few ideas for my wife (in other words mom of 3 of us boys). I always wait for last minute, but this time I will buy her a gift early. Really liked couple of items from your post.
+I actually got my grandmother (she was like my mom) a breadmaker for mother’s day one year! We created so many memories with that thing! I remember not being able to wait for the bread to cool to try some – it turned into a dough ball when we tried to cut it because it was so hot!
+Omg this is such a great list. I loved that customized candle holder
+These are great ideas! I especially love the mermaid blanket and dreamcatcher necklace. Thanks for sharing – I may snag something here for my mom 🙂
+I love the knitted mermaid blanket. It looks so comfy and snuggly. These are great ideas!
+Ohh, good to know that the UK celebrates Mother’s day in March. That knitter mermaid blanket looks really cool. 😉
+These are such beauutiful ideas. I so love the bracelet and the watch. It’s so beautiful. I want it for myself.
+These are great gifts! I love all of them! Thank you for some ideas to get my mother this Mother’s Day!
+These are all looks a fun gift ideas for mother’s day. My mom would love any kind of house decorations
+Oh my goodness! Those dream catcher necklaces are simply dreamy! I love the bracelet as well!
+Echo recently posted…Taking A “Mom”ent
+I am loving that dreamcatcher necklace. Such a great a elegant gift guide.
+Love the mermaid tail! Beautiful colour. I hope mums got some of these lovely things this year 🙂
+Musings of a tired mummy…zzz… recently posted…The Irish Fairy Door Company: Pink Fairy Door and Worry Plaque review
+These a great gift ideas. My kids have mermaid tail blankets. Maybe I need one, too!
+You had me at the Fl bangle. As an FL girl that would be my perfect gift.
+So many good ideas here for a variety of mothers! I love this!
+Yes a bread maker! I have been wanting one of these for awhile. Maybe the hubs will surprise me!
+Ashley recently posted…Building a Better Easter Basket
+Wow, I would be happy with any of these and think I’m going to have to leave this post open as a hint to my family! I especially love the personalized gifts – they’re so special – but I do have a soft spot for that mermaid blanket!
+Lois Alter Mark recently posted…heifer international invites you to #joinhertribe
+Text Size Large SizeMedium SizeSmall Size Color Scheme Black SchemeWhite SchemeGrey SchemePaper Scheme
+reading the twilight Saga book 1 Midnight Sun
+Summary:
+what if the characters of twilight got the books before New Moon!
+Notes:
+4. Visions
+Rating 0/5 Word Count 7365 Review this Chapter
+Disclaimer: I DO NOT own Twilight or any of its Trademarks or Character's they are owned by Stephanie Meyer and Summit Entertainment.
+Visions
+"Visions," Esme read.
+I went back to school. This was the right thing to do, the most inconspicuous way to behave.
+By the end of the day, almost all the other students had returned to class, too. Just Tyler and Bella and a few others—who were probably using the accident as a chance to ditch—remained absent.
+It shouldn't be so hard for me to do the right thing. But, all afternoon, I was gritting my teeth against the urge that had me yearning ditch, too—in order to go find the girl again.
+“The girl does have a name, Edward,” Bella smirked at him.
+“I know that,” Edward chuckled rolling his eyes, “at the time, I wasn’t trying to acknowledge the hold you had in my life, by denying it even to myself by thinking of you remotely. In terms like the girl, I had tucked my feelings carefully away. So carefully, I couldn’t even find them.”
+Bella chuckled at that.
+Like a stalker. An obsessed stalker. An obsessed, vampire stalker.
+“Couldn’t agree with you more,” Emmett said laughing his head off, “He sneaks into your room without permission, and follows you everywhere, and if you’re someplace he can’t go, he follows you through the minds of others. He’s like the creepiest creeper ever.”
+Edward glared at Emmett.
+“Actually, I find a little flattering, though I don’t know what’s so interesting really,” Bella shook her head puzzled.
+“Bella you are so absurd,” Edward said shaking his head in amazement, maybe this book with help her see how he feels. At least he hoped it would.
+School today was—somehow, impossibly—even more boring than it had seemed just a week ago.
+Coma-like. It was as if the color had drained from the bricks, the trees, the sky, the faces around me… I stared at the cracks in the walls.
+There was another right thing I should be doing…that I was not. Of course, it was also a wrong thing. It all depended on the perspective from which you viewed it.
+From the perspective of a Cullen—not just a vampire, but a Cullen, someone who belonged to a family, such a rare state in our world—the right thing to do would have gone something like this:
+Rosalie glared then hissed out, “Oh, then you decided to remember!”
+“No actually, I still didn’t!” Edward snapped back. H wasn’t in the mood for her at the moment, this chapter would be bad enough without Rosalie’s added attitude.
+"I'm surprised to see you in class, Edward. I heard you were involved in that awful accident this morning."
+"Yes, I was, Mr. Banner, but I was the lucky one." A friendly smile. "I didn't get hurt at all… I wish I could say the same for Tyler and Bella."
+"How are they?"
+"I think Tyler is fine…just some superficial scrapes from the windshield glass. I'm not sure about Bella, though." A worried frown. "She might have a concussion. I heard she was pretty incoherent for a while—seeing things even. I know the doctors were worried…"
+Bella glared at Edward, Edward, for his part, was avoiding her eyes.
+That's how it should have gone. That's what I owed my family.
+"I'm surprised to see you in class, Edward. I heard you were involved in that awful accident this morning."
+"I wasn't hurt." No smile.
+Mr. Banner shifted his weight from foot to foot, uncomfortable.
+"Do you have any idea how Tyler Crowley and Bella Swan are? I heard there were some injuries…"
+I shrugged. "I wouldn't know."
+Mr. Banner cleared his throat. "Err, right…" he said, my cold stare making his voice sound a bit strained.
+He walked quickly back to the front of classroom and began his lecture.
+“You didn’t have to be mean Edward,” Bella sighed touching his cheek lightly with her fingertips. Edward had to take a deep breath before answering, he had got lost in her eyes for a second.
+“I was worried about you, being away from you is harder than you can ever imagine. Vampires don’t leave their mates, it’s not something that we are capable of, especially if they are hurting in some way. You were in the hospital,” Edward said his voice shaking on the end Bella smoothed out the crease on his forehead.
+It was the wrong thing to do. Unless you looked at it from a more obscure point of view.
+It just seemed so…so unchivalrous
+To slander the girl behind her back, especially when she was proving more trustworthy than I could have dreamed. She hadn't said anything to betray me, despite having good reason to do so. Would I betray her when she had done nothing but keep my secret?
+“You’re always chivalrous, and I would have protected you no matter what, Edward. You saved my life,” Bella said as if this should be obvious. Before she could say more her mouth was suddenly very busy. And not with talking.
+I had a nearly identical conversation with Mrs. Goff—just in Spanish rather than in English—and Emmett gave me a long look.
+I hope you have a good explanation for what happened today. Rose is on the warpath.
+I rolled my eyes without looking at him.
+I actually had come up with a perfectly sound explanation. Just suppose I hadn't done anything to stop the van from crushing the girl… I recoiled from that thought. But if she had been hit, if she'd been mangled and bleeding, the red fluid spilling, wasting on the blacktop, the scent of the fresh blood pulsing through the air …
+I shuddered again, but not just in horror. Part of me shivered in desire. No, I would not have been able to watch her bleed without exposing us all in a much more flagrant and shocking way.
+“That wouldn’t have happened and you know it,” Carlisle said smiling, then adding in his head: Remember what happened with James over last spring break, there were no thoughts in your head other than to save her, you could never harm Bella, even accidentally.
+Edward smiled and pulled Bella closer to him breathing in her lavender perfume.
+It was a perfectly sound excuse…but I wouldn't use it. It was too shameful.
+And I hadn't thought of it until long after the fact, regardless.
+Look out for Jasper, Emmett went on, oblivious to my reverie. He's not as angry…but he's more resolved.
+I saw what he meant, and for a moment the room swam around me. My rage was so all-consuming that a red haze clouded my vision. I thought I would choke on it.
+SHEESH, EDWARD! GET A GRIP! Emmett shouted at me in his head. His hand came down on my shoulder, holding me in my seat before I could jump to my feet.
+Jasper’s eyes shot to Edward, in a voice too low for Bella, Edward said, “What did you expect she’s my world, even then, there was nothing there without her. A few lines ago I said there was no color or light to anything without her there. I might not have officially recognized it then but I wasn’t any less far gone as I am now.”
+He rarely used his full strength—there was rarely a need, for he was so much stronger than any vampire any of us had ever encountered—but he used it now. He gripped my arm, rather than pushing me down. If he'd been pushing, the chair under me would have collapsed.
+EASY! He ordered.
+I tried to calm myself, but it was hard. The rage burned in my head.
+Jasper's not going to do anything until we all talk. I just thought you should know the direction he's headed.
+I concentrated on relaxing, and I felt Emmett's hand loosen.
+Try not to make more of a spectacle of yourself. You're in enough trouble as it is.
+I took a deep breath and Emmett released me.
+I searched around the room routinely, but our confrontation had been so short and silent that only a few people sitting behind Emmett had even noticed. None of them knew what to make of it, and they shrugged it off. The Cullen’s were freaks—everyone knew that already.
+Damn, kid, you're a mess, Emmett added, sympathy in his tone.
+"Bite me," I muttered under my breath, and I heard his low chuckle.
+“Hmm,” Bella said thoughtfully, then leaned in and bit Edward neck lightly (so as not to break her own teeth) then she laughed.
+Edward whispered only to her, “Bella, you have to stop that, or I am going to have to take you somewhere more private.”
+Bella heart rate picked up and Edward smirked.
+Emmett didn't hold grudges, and I probably ought to be more grateful for his easy going nature. But I could see that Jasper's intentions made sense to Emmett, that he was considering how it might be the best course of action.
+Emmett looked down along with Jasper. This part of the story was going to be really hard to read.
+The rage simmered, barely under control. Yes, Emmett was stronger than I was, but he'd yet to beat me in a wrestling match. He claimed that this was because I cheated, but hearing thoughts was just as much a part of who I was as his immense strength was a part of him. We were evenly matched in a fight.
+Emmett huffed at that and Edward rolled his eyes. It was true; he just didn’t want to admit it.
+A fight? Was that where this was headed? Was I going to fight with my family over a human I barely knew?
+I thought about that for a moment, thought about the fragile feel of the girl's body in my arms in juxtaposition with Jasper, Rose, and Emmett—supernaturally strong and fast, killing machines by nature…
+Yes, I would fight for her. Against my family. I shuddered.
+“And I don’t want you fighting your family over me,” Bella sighed, If she had known she had caused so much strain she would have left Edward alone and not bothered him.
+Edward looked at her face and analyzed her expression, “Bella, you are my life, and I would have done it all over again just the same, I would defend you from anything, and I mean it.”
+“I know you would, but you shouldn’t Edward-“Edward kissed Bella and smiled.
+Bella just groaned and rolled her eyes he was such a cheater.
+But it wasn't fair to leave her undefended when I was the one who'd put her in danger.
+I couldn't win alone, though, not against the three of them, and I wondered who my allies would be.
+Carlisle, certainly. He would not fight anyone, but he would be wholly against Rose's and Jasper's designs. That might be all I needed. I would see…
+Esme, doubtful. She would not side against me either, and she would hate to disagree with Carlisle, but she would be for any plan that kept her family intact. Her first priority would not be rightness, but me.
+“I hate that we put you through this,” Esme said snuggling into Carlisle side.
+If Carlisle was the soul of our family, then Esme was the heart. He gave us a leader who deserved following; she made that following into an act of love.
+Everyone beamed in agreement at Esme, even Bella. Esme smiled at them, they were her children and they loved her.
+We all loved each other—even under the fury I felt toward Jasper and Rose right now, even planning to fight them to save the girl, I knew that I loved them.
+Alice…I had no idea. It would probably depend on what she saw coming. She would side with the winner, I imagined.
+“No,” Alice said rolling her eyes, “I wouldn’t want to kill an innocent girl Edward, no matter what, we could move and be done with things but I would never want to kill her.”
+“Thanks,” Bella shrugged.
+So, I would have to do this without help. I wasn't a match for them alone, but I wasn't going to let the girl be hurt because of me. That might mean evasive action…
+My rage dulled a bit with the sudden, black humor. I could imagine how the girl would react to my kidnapping her.
+Of course, I rarely guessed her reactions right—but what other reaction could she have besides terror?
+“Well?” Edward asked Bella chuckling a little at her blush, “would you have minded if I kidnapped you?”
+Bella thought about that for a moment, her and Edward, completely alone. But she might not be able to come back, “I would be annoyed at first, but if you explained to me that you were protecting your family and protecting me from your family. I think I would have been okay with it.”
+“You are one bizarre little human,” Jasper said incredulous.
+I wasn't sure how to manage that, though—kidnapping her. I wouldn't be able to stand being close to her for very long. Perhaps I would just deliver her back to her mother.
+Even that much would be fraught with danger. For her.
+Bella rolled her eyes.
+“It would be, we both know your luck,” Edward chuckled.
+And also for me, I realized suddenly. If I were to kill her by accident… I wasn't certain exactly how much pain that would cause me, but I knew it would be multifaceted and intense.
+The time passed quickly while I mulled over all the complications ahead of me: the argument waiting for me at home, the conflict with my family, the lengths I might be forced to go to afterward…
+Well, I couldn't complain that life outside this school was monotonous any more.
+The girl had changed that much.
+“You’re welcome,” Bella smiled patting Edward’s arm.
+Edward and everyone laughed, with the exception of Rosalie of course.
+Emmett and I walked silently to the car when the bell rang. He was worrying about me, and worrying about Rosalie. He knew whose side he would have to choose in a quarrel, and it bothered him.
+At this Rosalie sighed, she didn’t like that Emmett would have been forced to help her, forced to go against his family when he didn’t want to.
+The others were waiting for us in the car, also silent. We were a very quiet group.
+Only I could hear the shouting.
+Idiot! Lunatic! Moron! Jackass! Selfish, irresponsible fool! Rosalie kept up a constant stream of insults at the top of her mental lungs.
+Bella flinched away from her thoughts, was it really so bad that he had saved her, was that the end of the world to her.
+Edward felt Bella flinch and tense up, and he hissed at Rosalie and pulled Bella closer to him. Rosalie sank into Emmett and looked away, this was not one of this families finest moments. She knew she had been vicious; she didn’t need him hissing and growling as a reminder.
+Edward sighed and buried his face in Bella hair; he heard her thoughts and knew she was right.
+It made it hard to hear the others, but I ignored her as best I could.
+Emmett was right about Jasper. He was sure of his course.
+Alice was troubled, worrying about Jasper, flipping through images of the future.
+No matter which direction Jasper came at the girl, Alice always saw me there, blocking him. Interesting… neither Rosalie nor Emmett was with him in these visions. So Jasper planned to work alone. That would even things up.
+“Probably,” Carlisle answered quietly.
+Jasper was the best, certainly the most experienced fighter among us. My one advantage lay in that I could hear his moves before he made them.
+I had never fought more than playfully with Emmett or Jasper—just horsing around. I felt sick at the thought of really trying to hurt Jasper…
+“I did too,” Jasper said looking down, “I just wanted to protect Alice, my sincerest apologies Bella.”
+“Jasper, seriously, no apologies, you’re more than for given, all of you are,” Bella said raising up in Edward’s lap to look at them all. “Let’s just get through this chapter, then never speak of it again, agreed?”
+“Agreed,” They all murmured.
+No, not that. Just to block him. That was all.
+I concentrated on Alice, memorizing Jasper's different avenues of attack.
+As I did that, her visions shifted, moving further and further away from the Swan's house. I was cutting him off earlier…
+Stop that, Edward! It can't happen this way. I won't let it.
+Bella looked at Alice then, and mimed a silent thank you. Alice winked at her with a small smile. Edward saw all of this of course, when does he not, he smiled down at Bella, it was so like her to not want them fighting, even as they talk about taking her life.
+I didn't answer her, I just kept watching.
+She began searching farther ahead, into the misty, unsure realm of distant possibilities. Everything was shadowy and vague.
+The entire way home, the charged silence did not lift. I parked in the big garage off the house; Carlisle's Mercedes was there, next to Emmett's big jeep, Rose's M3 and my Vanquish.
+I was glad Carlisle was already home—this silence would end explosively, and I wanted him there when that happened.
+“It was actually not that explosive,” Carlisle said thoughtfully. It had been quite civilized, if you don’t count Alice and Edward’s little issue. Edward sighed and watched Bella intently, bracing himself for her reaction.
+We went straight to the dining room.
+The room was, of course, never used for its intended purpose. But it was furnished with a long oval mahogany table surrounded by chairs—we were scrupulous about having all the correct props in place. Carlisle liked to use it as a conference room.
+In a group with such strong and disparate personalities, sometimes it was necessary to discuss things in a calm, seated manner.
+I had a feeling that the setting was not going to help much today.
+“You were right about that,” Jasper sighed.
+“You weren’t that bad,” Alice said soothingly.
+Carlisle sat in his usual seat at the eastern head of the room. Esme was beside him—they held hands on top of the table.
+Esme's eyes were on me, their golden depths full of concern.
+Stay. It was her only thought.
+Bella looked down at that, and then, hoping no one noticed, she started to mouth sorry to Esme, she got to about a sor- before Edward covered her mouth. Esme chuckled happily at the their adorable exchange.
+I wished I could smile at the woman who was truly a mother to me, but I had no reassurances for her now.
+I sat on Carlisle's other side. Esme reached around him to put her free hand on my shoulder. She had no idea of what was about to start; she was just worrying about me.
+Carlisle had a better sense of what was coming. His lips were pressed tightly together and his forehead was creased. The expression looked too old for his young face.
+“Yes, much too old for my face,” Carlisle laughed, seeing as he was over 300 years old, nothing was too old for him anymore.
+As everyone else sat, I could see the lines being drawn.
+Rosalie sat directly across from Carlisle, on the other end of the long table. She glared at me, never looking away.
+Emmett sat beside her, his face and thoughts both wry.
+Jasper hesitated, and then went to stand against the wall behind Rosalie. He was decided, regardless of the outcome of this discussion. My teeth locked together.
+The tension in the room could be cut with a knife and eaten for lunch. Jasper was the most agitated feeling everyone’s added tension shame a concern over Bella’s reaction.
+He didn’t mind it though, he figured this was payback for what he had so willingly considered doing to his brother and practically sister in law. Edward smiled at that thought.
+Alice was the last to come in, and her eyes were focused on something far away— the future, still too indistinct for her to make use of it. Without seeming to think about it, she sat next to Esme. She rubbed her forehead as if she had a headache. Jasper twitched uneasily and considered joining her, but he kept his place.
+I took a deep breath. I had started this—I should speak first.
+"I'm sorry," I said, looking first at Rose, then Jasper and then Emmett. "I didn't mean to put any of you at risk. It was thoughtless, and I take full responsibility for my hasty action."
+Rosalie glared at me balefully. "What do you mean, 'take full responsibility'? Are you going to fix it?"
+"Not the way you mean," I said, working to keep my voice even and quiet. "I'm willing to leave now, if that makes things better." If I believe that the girl will be safe, if I believe that none of you will touch her, I amended in my head.
+Edward pulled Bella’s face to his, and touched their foreheads together, “I would never let anyone touch you but me. Never.”
+“I know Edward,” she smiled at him pressing a kiss to his cheek and putting their heads together again, “I know.”
+"No," Esme murmured. "No, Edward."
+I patted her hand. "It's just a few years."
+"Esme's right, though," Emmett said. "You can't go anywhere now. That would be the opposite of helpful. We have to know what people are thinking, now more than ever."
+"Alice will catch anything major," I disagreed.
+Carlisle shook his head. "I think Emmett is right, Edward. The girl will be more likely to talk if you disappear. It's all of us leave, or none of us."
+“Please,” Bella said rolling her eyes, everyone looked at her confused, “even if I wasn’t completely grateful for Edward saving my life, there was no one I would have told. I’m not the gossipy type, at all.”
+"She won't say anything," I insisted quickly. Rose was building up to the explosion, and I wanted this fact out there first.
+"You don't know her mind," Carlisle reminded me.
+"I know this much. Alice, back me up."
+Alice stared up at me wearily. "I can't see what will happen if we just ignore this." She glanced at Rose and Jasper.
+No, she couldn't see that future—not when Rosalie and Jasper were so decided against ignoring the incident.
+Rosalie's palm smacked down on the table with a loud bang. "We can't allow the human a chance to say anything. Carlisle, you must see that. Even if we decided to all disappear, it's not safe to leave stories behind us. We live so differently from the rest of our kind—you know there are those who would love an excuse to point fingers. We have to be more careful than anyone else!"
+“That did not make it right,” Carlisle said sternly.
+“I know,” Rosalie whispered.
+"We've left rumors behind us before," I reminded her.
+"Just rumors and suspicions, Edward. Not eyewitnesses and evidence!"
+"Evidence!" I scoffed.
+But Jasper was nodding, his eyes hard.
+"Rose—" Carlisle began.
+"Let me finish, Carlisle. It doesn't have to be any big production. The girl hit her head today. So maybe that injury turns out to be more serious that," I snarled.
+She hissed at me, furious.
+“You didn’t have to say that,” Rosalie said looking away, “I know what I was doing wasn’t the way, but you didn’t have to go there.”
+“I know I was just desperate, and out of options,” Edward said honestly.
+"Edward, please," Carlisle said. Then he turned to Rosalie. "Rosalie, I looked the other way in Rochester because I felt that you were owed your justice. The men you killed had wronged you monstrously.
+Bella’s eyes shot to Rosalie, she knew whatever those men did must have been terrible for Carlisle to do that, he didn’t like killing anyone.
+This is not the same situation. The Swan girl is an innocent."
+"It's not personal, Carlisle," Rosalie said through her teeth. "It's to protect us all."
+There was a brief moment of silence while Carlisle thought through his answer.
+When he nodded, Rosalie's eyes lit up. She should have known better. Even if I hadn't been able to read his thoughts, I could have anticipated his next words. Carlisle never compromised.
+"I know you mean well, Rosalie, but… I'd like very much for our family to be worth protecting.
+Everyone looked down, if they had done this, they wouldn’t have been worth protecting at all.
+The occasional…accident or lapse in control is a regrettable part of who we are." It was very like him to include himself in the plural, though he had never had such a lapse himself. ."
+I controlled my expression very carefully. It wouldn't do at all to grin. Or to applaud, as I wished I could.."
+"Well, we certainly don't have to decide now. We can wait and see if it becomes necessary. Edward seems certain of the Swan girl's silence."
+Rosalie snorted.
+“Even if I had I probably would have just got written off as crazy anyway,” Bella sighed.
+But I was no longer worried about Rose. I could see that she would go along with Carlisle's decision, not matter how infuriated she was with me. Their conversation had moved on to unimportant details.
+Jasper remained unmoved.
+I understood why. Before he and Alice had met, he'd lived in a combat zone, a relentless theater of war. He knew the consequences of flouting the rules—he'd seen the grisly aftermath with his own eyes.
+It said much that he had not tried to calm Rosalie down with his extra faculties, nor did he now try to rile her up. He was holding himself aloof from this discussion— above it.
+"Jasper," I said.
+He met my gaze, his face expressionless.
+"She won't pay for my mistake. I won't allow that."
+“I see now that you really couldn’t have,” Jasper said looking thoughtfully at Bella in Edwards lap.
+"She benefits from it, then? She should have died today, Edward. I would only set that right."
+“Actually he’s right,” Bella nodded. Everyone looked at her like she was insane; she even caught Rosalie off guard. “Well, if Edward hadn’t been there I’d be dead, so all those times when you said we should never meet. Well, that’s what would have happened if we hadn’t.”
+Edward flinched and looked away, so maybe they should have met, but as to whether or not he should stay, he was sure he was right.
+I repeated myself, emphasizing each word. "I will not allow it."
+His eyebrows shot up. He wasn't expecting this—he hadn't imagined that I would act to stop him.
+“Really, even before I told him in class I knew he would,” Emmett chuckled.
+“Back then I didn’t really try to understand his attachment to her, I didn’t think she was his mate, I hadn’t been paying attention,” Jasper said honestly.
+He shook his head once. "I won't let Alice live in danger, even a slight danger. You don't feel about anyone the way I feel about her, Edward,
+“Well I was completely wrong about that,” Jasper smiled at Bella who smiled lightly back at him.
+And you haven't lived through what I've lived through, whether you've seen my memories or not. You don't understand."
+"I'm not disputing that, Jasper. But I'm telling you now, I won't allow you to hurt Isabella Swan."
+We stared at each other—not glaring, but measuring the opposition. I felt him sample the mood around me, testing my determination.
+"Jazz," Alice said, interrupting us.
+At this Edward was focused, Bella reaction was crucial, how would she feel about this, he had no clue and he silent mind had never been more irritating than it is now.
+He held my gaze for a moment more, and then looked at her. "Don't bother telling me you can protect yourself, Alice. I already know that. I've still got to—"
+"That's not what I'm going say," Alice interrupted. "I was going to ask you for a favor."
+I saw what was on her mind, and my mouth fell open with an audible gasp. I stared at her, shocked, only vaguely aware that everyone besides Alice and Jasper was now eyeing me warily.
+"I know you love me. Thanks. But I would really appreciate it if you didn't try to kill Bella. First of all, Edward's serious and I don't want you two fighting. Secondly, she's my friend. At least, she's going to be."
+It was clear as glass in her head: Alice, smiling, with her icy white arm around the girl's warm, fragile shoulders. And Bella was smiling, too, her arm around Alice's waist.
+Bella got up out of Edward lap, Alice was already standing with her arms out. Bella hugged her soft tiny waist. Edward smiled rolling his eyes when he heard Alice’s thoughts. See my vision made everything better, and I’m Bella’s favorite.
+“You wish,” Edward laughed at her; she just stuck out her tongue. Edward got up and pulled Bella back to him. He kissed her cheek and sat her back down into his lap, he needed her to focus now, he needed to see her reaction.
+The vision was rock solid; only the timing of it was unsure.
+"But…Alice…" Jasper gasped. I couldn't manage to turn my head to see his expression. I couldn't tear myself away from the image in Alice's head in order to hear his.
+"I'm going to love her someday, Jazz. I'll be very put out with you if you don't let her be."
+I was still locked into Alice's thoughts. I saw the future shimmer as Jasper's resolve floundered in the face of her unexpected request.
+"Ah," she sighed—his indecision had cleared a new future. "See? Bella's not going to say anything. There's nothing to worry about."
+The way she said the girl's name…like they were already close confidants…
+Bella chuckled, as did everyone else for that matter.
+"Alice," I choked. "What…does this…?"
+"I told you there was a change coming. I don't know, Edward." But she locked her jaw, and I could see that there was more. She was trying not to think about it; she was focusing very hard on Jasper suddenly, though he was too stunned to have progressed much in his decision making.
+She did this sometimes when she was trying to keep something from me.
+“Err, that has to get annoying, and it must be really hard,” Bella said scrunching up her face.
+“It can be, but I deal with Edward the most, so I have gotten used to it, it’s not so hard anymore,” Alice shrugged.
+"What, Alice? What are you hiding?"
+I heard Emmett grumble. He always got frustrated when Alice and I had these kinds of conversations.
+She shook her head, trying to not let me in.
+"Is it about the girl?" I demanded. "Is it about Bella?"
+She had her teeth gritted in concentration, but when I spoke Bella's name, she slipped. Her slip only lasted the tiniest portion of a second, but that was long enough.
+"NO!" I shouted.
+Bella rose up, “What? What happened, did she see something bad about me?”
+“In my opinion, yes, in yours, no,” Edward eyes narrowed at her, comprehension dawned on Bella’s face and she turned away from him.
+I heard my chair hit the floor, and only then realized I was on my feet.
+"Edward!" Carlisle was on his feet, too, his arm on my shoulder. I was barely aware of him.
+"It's solidifying," Alice whispered. "Every minute you're more decided. There're really only two ways left for her. It's one or the other, Edward."
+I could see what she saw…but I could not accept it.
+"No," I said again; there was no volume to my denial. My legs felt hollow, and I had to brace myself against the table.
+"Will somebody please let the rest of us in on the mystery?" Emmett complained.
+"I have to leave," I whispered to Alice, ignoring him.
+"Edward, we've," Alice told me. "I don't know if you can leave anymore." Think about it, she added silently. Think about leaving.
+The Edward in the room tried again as well, it was excruciating, bewildering pain, his body tense trying to dispel the thought. Bella felt it and looked at him warily, when she did it only made things worse. Looking into her eyes made the pain of never seeing them again triple, Jasper not being able to stand it anymore himself sent Edward a wave of peace and calmness.
+I saw what she meant. Yes, the idea of never seeing the girl again was…painful.
+But it was also necessary. I couldn't sanction either future I'd apparently condemned her to.
+I'm not entirely sure of Jasper, Edward, Alice went on. If you leave, if he thinks she's a danger to us…
+"I don't hear that," I contradicted her, still only halfway aware of our audience.
+Jasper was wavering. He would not do something that would hurt Alice.
+“No, I wouldn’t want to do that,” Jasper nodded in agreement.
+Not right this moment. Will you risk her life, leave her undefended?
+"Why are you doing this to me?" I groaned. My head fell into my hands.
+I was not Bella's protector. I could not be that. Wasn't Alice's divided future enough proof of that?
+“Ha, how quickly you changed your tune,” Emmett chuckled.
+“I know,” Edward said rolling his eyes at his own ridiculousness.
+I love her, too. Or I will. It's not the same, but I want her around for that.
+"Love her, too?" I whispered, incredulous.
+She sighed. You are so blind, Edward. Can't you see where you're headed? Can't you see where you already are? It's more inevitable than the sun rising in the east. See what I see…
+“Yes, I admit, I was completely blind,” Edward said shaking his head.
+I shook my head, horrified. "No." I tried to shut out the visions she revealed to me. "I don't have to follow that course. I'll leave. I will change the future."
+"You can try," she said, her voice skeptical.
+"Oh, come on!" Emmett bellowed.
+"Pay attention," Rose hissed at him. "Alice sees him falling for a human! How classically Edward!" She made a gagging sound.
+I scarcely heard her.
+"What?" Emmett said, startled. Then his booming laugh echoed through the room. "Is that what's been going on?" He laughed again. "Tough break, Edward."
+“Hey,” Bella frowned.
+Emmett laughed at her, “What? At the time it was kind of hilarious.”
+I felt his hand on my shoulder, and I shook it off absently. I couldn't pay attention to him.
+"Fall for a human?" Esme repeated in a stunned voice. "For the girl he saved today? Fall in love with her?"
+"What do you see, Alice? Exactly," Jasper demanded.
+She turned toward him; I continued to stare numbly at the side of her face.
+"It all depends on whether he is strong enough or not. Either he'll kill her himself" —she turned to meet my gaze again, glaring— "which would really irritate me, Edward, not to mention what it would do to you—" she faced Jasper again, "or she'll be one of us someday."
+“That makes sense,” Bella nodded thoughtfully. Edward turned to glare at her, about to lecture her about her staying human. She put a finger to his lips to stop him, “I just meant that whenever you use to talk about Alice and her gift, you seemed annoyed. I really confused me, especially when you said that she was the most supportive of us.”
+Edward nodded still tense waiting for this whole conversation about killing Bella to be over.
+Someone gasped; I didn't look to see who.
+"That's not going to happen!" I was shouting again. "Either one!"
+Alice didn't seem to hear me. "It all depends," she repeated. "He may be just strong enough not to kill her—but it will be close. It will take an amazing amount of control," she mused. "More even than Carlisle has. He may be just strong enough… The only thing he's not strong enough to do is stay away from her. That's a lost cause."
+At this Bella smirked a little, Alice laughed at her expression and Edward rolled his eyes at both of them. “You probably shouldn’t bet against Alice.”
+I couldn't find my voice. No one else seemed to be able to either. The room was still.
+I stared at Alice, and everyone else stared at me. I could see my own horrified expression from five different viewpoints.
+After a long moment, Carlisle sighed.
+"Well, this…complicates things."
+"I'll say," Emmett agreed. His voice was still close to laughter. Trust Emmett to find the joke in the destruction of my life.
+“Oh course, you always seemed to find the most complicated ways to do things,” Emmett snickered shaking his finger.
+“Well the best choices you make in life are always a little complicated,” Edward smiled at Bella.
+“That was so cheesy,” She said shaking her head.
+“Your heart doesn’t think so.”
+"I suppose the plans remain the same, though," Carlisle said thoughtfully. "We'll stay, and watch. Obviously, no one will…hurt the girl."
+I stiffened.
+"No," Jasper said quietly. "I can agree to that. If Alice sees only two ways—"
+"No!" My voice was not a shout or a growl or a cry of despair, but some combination of the three. "No!"
+I had to leave, to be away from the noise of their thoughts—Rosalie's self-righteous disgust, Emmett's humor, Carlisle's never ending patience…
+Worse: Alice's confidence. Jasper's confidence in that confidence.
+Worst of all: Esme's…joy.
+“How is that worst of all?” Esme frowned.
+“Because at the time, I didn’t find any joy what-so-ever in this, the fact that you found the mess I’m in a good thing was, just odd for me,” Edward said scrunching up his face in utter confusion.
+I stalked out of the room. Esme touched my arm as I passed, but I didn't acknowledge the gesture.
+I was running before I was out of the house. I cleared the river in one bound, and raced into the forest. The rain was back again, falling so heavily that I was drenched in a few moments. I liked the thick sheet of water—it made a wall between me and the rest of the world. It closed me in, let me be alone.
+I ran due east, over and through the mountains without breaking my straight course, until I could see the lights of Seattle on the other side of the sound. I stopped before I touched the borders of human civilization.
+Shut in by the rain, all alone, I finally made myself look at what I had done—at the way I had mutilated the future.
+First, the vision of Alice and the girl with their arms around each other—the trust and friendship was so obvious it shouted from the image. Bella's wide chocolate eyes were not bewildered in this vision, but still full of secrets—in this moment, they seemed to be happy secrets. She did not flinch away from Alice's cold arm.
+What did it mean? How much did she know? In that still-life moment from the future, what did she think of me?
+“That you are amazing, loving, kind, and selfless,” Bella smiled warmly.
+Edward pressed his forehead to her and sighed, the next month mention in the book, trying to stay away from her was excruciating. He was glad she was going to be next to him while they re-read it.
+Then the other image, so much the same, yet now colored by horror. Alice and Bella, their arms still wrapped around each other in trusting friendship. But now there was no difference between those arms—both were white, smooth as marble, hard as steel.
+Bella's wide eyes were no longer chocolate. The irises were a shocking, vivid crimson.
+The secrets in them were unfathomable—acceptance or desolation? It was impossible to tell. Her face was cold and immortal.
+I shuddered. I could not suppress the questions, similar, but different: What did it mean—how had this come about? And what did she think of me now?
+Bella sighed that description was a little creepy, but she was convinced it was the only way from them to have a future. Now if only she could convince Edward.
+I could answer that last one. If I forced her into this empty half-life through my weakness and selfishness, surely she would hate me.
+But there was one more horrifying image—worse than any image I'd ever held inside my head.
+My own eyes, deep crimson with human blood, the eyes of the monster. Bella's broken body in my arms, ashy white, drained, lifeless. It was so concrete, so clear.
+I couldn't stand to see this. Could not bear it. I tried to banish it from my mind, tried to see something else, anything else. Tried to see again the expression on her living face that had obstructed my view for the last few weeks of my existence. All to no avail.
+Bella frowned harder at this, was the idea of staying with her forever that terrifying to him. She would never force him into something that would make him miserable. Edward appraised Bella but she hid her expression with a smile.
+Alice's bleak vision filled my head, and I writhed internally with the agony it caused. Meanwhile, the monster in me was overflowing with glee, jubilant at the likelihood of his success. It sickened me.
+Edward shuddered, obviously it still did. He would never let that vision come true.
+This could not be allowed. There had to be a way to circumvent the future. I would not let Alice's visions direct me. I could choose a different path. There was always a choice.
+There had to be.
+“And you made one alright,” Alice said annoyed then smiled, “but it didn’t last long, just like I said it would.”
+Edward rolled his eyes.
+“That’s the end of the chapter,” Esme said holding out the book.
+“I can read,” Bella smiled and held her hand out for the book. Esme gave it to her and held her hand for a second smiling. Edward snuggled Bella in close and help her hold up the book to read.
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+NAME [Toc] [Back]
+sar - system activity reporter
+SYNOPSIS [Toc] [Back]
+sar [-ubdycwaqvmAMPS] [-p psetid] [-o file] t [n]
+sar [-ubdycwaqvmAMPS] [-p psetid] [-s time] [-e time] [-i sec]
+[-f file]
+DESCRIPTION [Toc] [Back]
+In the first form above, sar samples cumulative activity counters in
+the operating system at n intervals of t seconds. If the -o option is
+specified, it saves the samples in file in binary format. The default
+value of n is 1. In the second form, with no sampling interval
+specified, sar extracts data from a previously recorded file, either
+the one specified by -f option or, by default, the standard system
+activity daily data file /var/adm/sa/sadd for the current day dd. The
+starting and ending times of the report can be bounded via the -s and
+-e time arguments of the form hh[:mm[:ss]]. The -i option selects
+records at sec-second intervals. Otherwise, all intervals found in
+the data file are reported.
+Options [Toc] [Back]
+Subsets of data to be printed are specified by options:
+-u Report CPU utilization (the default); portion of time
+running in one of several modes. On a multi-processor
+system, if the -M option is used together with the -u
+option, per-CPU utilization as well as the average CPU
+utilization of all the active processors are reported. If
+the -M option is not used, only the average CPU utilization
+of all the active processors is reported. On a multiprocessor
+ProcessorSet (pset) configured system, if the -P
+option is used together with the -M and -u options, the
+column for pset mapping to processor will be displayed
+before the cpu column.
+pset pset id (only on a multi-processor pset
+configured system with the -P , -M and
+-u option);
+cpu cpu number (only on a multi-processor
+system with the -M option);
+%usr user mode;
+%sys system mode;
+%wio idle with some process waiting for I/O
+(only block I/O, raw I/O, or VM
+pageins/swapins indicated);
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 1 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+%idle otherwise idle.
+-b Report buffer activity:
+bread/s Number of physical reads per second from
+the disk (or other block devices) to the
+buffer cache;
+bwrit/s Number of physical writes per second
+from the buffer cache to the disk (or
+other block device);
+lread/s Number of reads per second from buffer
+cache;
+lwrit/s Number of writes per second to buffer
+cache;
+%rcache Buffer cache hit ratio for read requests
+e.g., 1 - bread/lread;
+%wcache Buffer cache hit ratio for write
+requests e.g., 1 - bwrit/lwrit;
+pread/s Number of reads per second from
+character device using the physio() (raw
+I/O) mechanism;
+pwrit/s Number of writes per second to character
+device using the physio() (i.e., raw I/O
+) mechanism; mechanism.
+-d Report activity for each block device, e.g., disk or tape
+drive. One line is printed for each device that had
+activity during the last interval. If no devices were
+active, a blank line is printed. Each line contains the
+following data:
+device Logical name of the device and its
+corresponding instance. Devices are
+categorized into the following device
+types:
+disk3 - SCSI and NIO FL disks
+sdisk - SCSI disks;
+%busy Portion of time device was busy
+servicing a request;
+avque Average number of requests outstanding
+for the device;
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 2 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+r+w/s Number of data transfers per second
+(read and writes) from and to the
+device;
+blks/s Number of bytes transferred (in 512-byte
+units) from and to the device;
+avwait Average time (in milliseconds) that
+transfer requests waited idly on queue
+for the device;
+avserv Average time (in milliseconds) to
+service each transfer request (includes
+seek, rotational latency, and data
+transfer times) for the device.
+-y Report tty device activity:
+rawch/s Raw input characters per second;
+canch/s Input characters per second processed by
+canon();
+outch/s Output characters per second;
+rcvin/s Receive incoming character interrupts
+per second;
+xmtin/s Transmit outgoing character interrupts
+per second;
+mdmin/s Modem interrupt rate (not supported;
+always 0).
+-c Report system calls:
+scall/s Number of system calls of all types per
+second;
+sread/s Number of read() and/or readv() system
+calls per second;
+swrit/s Number of write() and/or writev() system
+calls per second;
+fork/s Number of fork() and/or vfork() system
+calls per second;
+exec/s Number of exec() system calls per
+second;
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 3 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+rchar/s Number of characters transferred by read
+system calls block devices only) per
+second;
+wchar/s Number of characters transferred by
+write system calls (block devices only)
+per second.
+-w Report system swapping and switching activity:
+swpin/s Number of process swapins per second;
+swpot/s Number of process swapouts per second;
+bswin/s Number of 512-byte units transferred for
+swapins per second;
+bswot/s Number of 512-byte units transferred for
+swapouts per second;
+pswch/s Number of process context switches per
+second.
+-a Report use of file access system routines:
+iget/s Number of file system iget() calls per
+second;
+namei/s Number of file system lookuppn()
+(pathname translation) calls per second;
+dirblk/s Number of file system blocks read per
+second doing directory lookup.
+-q Report average queue length while occupied, and percent of
+time occupied. On a multi-processor machine, if the -M
+option is used together with the -q option, the per-CPU run
+queue as well as the average run queue of all the active
+processors are reported. If the -M option is not used,
+only the average run queue information of all the active
+processors is reported. In a multi-processor pset
+configured system if the -M option is used with the option
+-P then pset column will will be displayed before cpu
+column:
+pset pset id (only on a multi-processor and
+pset configured system, used with -P ,
+-M and -q option)
+cpu cpu number (only on a multi-processor
+system and used with the -M option)
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 4 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+runq-sz Average length of the run queue(s) of
+processes (in memory and runnable);
+%runocc The percentage of time the run queue(s)
+were occupied by processes (in memory
+and runnable);
+swpq-sz Average length of the swap queue of
+runnable processes (processes swapped
+out but ready to run). This column will
+not be displayed when -p option is used
+to display a particular ProcessorSet
+(pset) information in a pset configured
+system.
+%swpocc The percentage of time the swap queue of
+runnable processes (processes swapped
+out but ready to run) was occupied.
+This column will not be displayed when
+-p option is used to display a
+particular ProcessorSet (pset)
+information in a pset configured system.
+-v Report status of text, process, inode and file tables:
+text-sz (Not Applicable);
+proc-sz The current-size and maximum-size of the
+process table;
+inod-sz The current-size and maximum-size of the
+inode table (inode cache);
+file-sz The current-size and maximum-size of the
+system file table;
+text-ov (Not Applicable);
+proc-ov The number of times the process table
+overflowed (number of times the kernel
+could not find any available process
+table entries) between sample points;
+inod-ov The number of times the inode table
+(inode cache) overflowed (number of
+times the kernel could not find any
+available inode table entries) between
+sample points;
+file-ov The number of times the system file
+table overflowed (number of times the
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 5 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+sar(1M) sar(1M)
+kernel could not find any available file
+table entries) between sample points.
+-m Report message and semaphore activities:
+msg/s Number of System V msgrcv() calls per
+second;
+sema/s Number of System V semop() calls per
+second;
+select/s Number of System V select() calls per
+second. This value will only be
+reported if the -S option is also
+explicitly specified.
+-p Report the specified ProcessorSet (pset) information. This
+option should be used with -u or -q option.
+-S Report the number of System V select() calls per second.
+This option is valid only if the -m option is specified.
+-A Report all data. Equivalent to -udqbwcayvm.
+-M Report the per-processor data on a multi-processor system
+when used with -q and/or -u options. If the -M option is
+not used on a multi-processor system, the output format of
+the -u and -q options is the same as the uni-processor
+output format and the data reported is the average value of
+all the active processors.
+-P Report ProcessorSet (pset) information, mapping to the
+processor in the system or the specified pset. This option
+can only be used with -M and -q, or -M and -u options. It
+can also be combined with -p option to display information
+for a particular pset. If system is not pset configured it
+will display a warning message.
+EXAMPLES [Toc] [Back] -M -f temp
+WARNINGS [Toc] [Back]
+Users of sar must not rely on the exact field widths and spacing of
+its output, as these will vary depending on the system, the release of
+HP-UX, and the data to be displayed.
+The output of sar is unpredictable if a corrupted or wrong data file
+is given as argument with the -f option.
+FILES [Toc] [Back]
+/var/adm/sa/sadd daily data file, where dd is two digits
+representing the day of the month.
+SEE ALSO [Toc] [Back]
+sa1(1M).
+STANDARDS CONFORMANCE [Toc] [Back]
+sar: SVID2, SVID3
+Hewlett-Packard Company - 7 - HP-UX 11i Version 2: August 2003
+.”
+Turning that idea into policy isn’t as straightforward as the slogan suggests. There’s been ample debate about the politics of abolishing ICE: whether Democrats can unite around it, how it will play among Republicans, whom it will help or harm in the November midterm elections. But the actual policy of abolishing ICE, a $6 billion agency that employs more than 20,000 people, has received much less scrutiny. Which of the agency’s responsibilities—which extend well beyond immigration enforcement—should be eliminated entirely, and which should be preserved? And where should the latter go?
+The Democrats’ bill provides few answers. Most of its text is devoted to describing ICE’s flaws: providing inadequate medical care at its facilities, turning a blind eye to sexual abuse against detainees, offering insufficient budget justifications to Congress, and more. “Any essential functions carried out by ICE that do not violate fundamental due process and human rights can be executed with greater transparency, public accountability, and adherence to domestic and international law by other federal agencies,” the bill surmises.
+If signed into law, the bill would set a one-year window before ICE is shut down, while also establishing a commission to undertake a 90-day review that would identify ICE’s essential responsibilities and the agencies that could take over those roles. A second act of Congress would then be needed to establish where its former powers should go. Commission members would also be charged with accounting for any constitutional infringements and abuses of power committed by ICE agents and officials during its existence.
+“This legislation would establish a commission to look at transitioning essential ICE functions to a new agency that would have accountability, transparency and oversight built in from its inception,” Washington Representative Pramila Jayapal, another Democrat who introduced the bill, said in a statement. “It’s time to change the system to one that is accountable, efficient, humane, and transparent.”
+Sean McElwee, a Data for Progress co-founder who popularized the idea of abolishing ICE last year, told me that he considers the bill a “good first start” toward dismantling the agency. But he acknowledged that there are still open questions about what exactly should take ICE’s place, if anything. “At this point, there isn’t alignment within the immigrant-rights community and the groups that have been pushing to abolish ICE as to what a concrete next step would be,” he said. “What the bill is meant to do, I think it does quite effectively. The detailed findings that make up the majority of the text are quite powerful.”
+McElwee indicated that liberal and left-leaning think tanks have a role to play in fleshing out what should happen next. “The D.C. policy apparatus isn’t serving what I view its function should be, which is to take the demands that activists and Democratic voters have, and try to find a way to turn those into policy proposals,” he told me. McElwee said he expected that there would be “a fully-limbed vision of this” in the coming months, “and then I think we’ll have an important back-and-forth as to what exactly that will look like.”
+Here’s a glimpse of that coming debate.
+ICE’s origin story begins with 9/11. In response to the attacks, Congress established the Department of Homeland Security in 2003 by restructuring almost two dozen agencies from across the federal government. Two DHS agencies emerged from the dissolution of the Immigration and Naturalization Service: Customs and Border Protection, which focused on border enforcement of immigration and customs laws, and ICE, which enforced them everywhere else. (The remainder of INS became U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and stayed within the Justice Department.)
+Calls to rethink ICE’s existence first began percolating on social media last year as Trump’s hardline immigration policies, notably a sharp increase in deportations from the interior U.S., began to take shape. By this spring, immigration-rights activists began to lay out the full case against the agency’s existence. “The call to abolish ICE is, above all, a demand for the Democratic Party to begin seriously resisting an unbridled white-supremacist surveillance state that it had a hand in creating,” McElwee explained in The Nation in April. He called on progressives to “demand that deportation be taken not as the norm but rather as a disturbing indicator of authoritarianism.”
+But it took two events in June to put #AbolishICE on the national radar. The Trump administration’s family-separation policy snowballed into a major political crisis for the White House, one in which ICE played a highly visible role. Images of children detained in chain-link cages drew genuine bipartisan outrage that eventually forced Trump to back down and start reunifying some children with their parents. ICE’s abolition quickly found a more receptive audience among Democratic lawmakers in the weeks that followed.
+Then, in an election on June 26, congressional candidate Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez pulled off an upset against Joe Crowley, a longtime Democratic lawmaker from New York and a member of the party’s House leadership. Ocasio-Cortez, a 28-year-old democratic socialist, received extensive national media coverage—as did her support for abolishing ICE. A wave of high-profile Democrats, including New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio and Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren, backed ICE’s abolition in the days after Ocasio-Cortez’s win.
+As the idea of abolishing ICE went mainstream, so did criticism of it. The White House, perhaps trying to refocus the immigration debate after its family-separation debacle, rallied to the agency’s defense. Vice President Mike Pence visited ICE’s headquarters and vowed that the administration would “never” abolish it. In a July 1 interview, Trump said, “You get rid of ICE, you’re going to have a country that you’re going to be afraid to walk out of your house.” He also predicted that calls to abolish ICE would harm Democrats’ electoral chances in the November midterms, a possibility that some Democrats also feared. (One recent poll found that 54 percent of Americans support keeping the agency intact.)
+Concerns about abolishing ICE, both as a political strategy and a practical effort, extended beyond Republicans. Eric Holder, an attorney general for President Barack Obama, described the push as a “gift to Republicans.” Jeh Johnson, who served as the secretary for homeland security under Obama, compared it to Trump’s ephemeral pledge to build a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. “If Americans don’t like ICE’s current enforcement polices, the public should demand a change in those policies, or a change in the leaders who promulgate those policies,” he wrote for The Washington Post.
+Sarah Saldana, who served as ICE’s director from 2014 to January 2017, told me that abolishing the agency would be “nonsensical.” She took issue with the idea of approaching immigration in a piecemeal manner instead of addressing it as a whole. “This is not a question of the agency and its people, it’s a question of enforcement and how you go about it,” Saldana said. “The answer still is comprehensive immigration reform, but nobody has had to respond to the fact that it’s been years now that Congress has ignored a very important issue.”
+While immigration enforcement receives the most attention, it only accounts for a third of ICE’s budget, according to Saldana. “If you do abolish ICE, you’re abolishing the United States’ representation in immigration court, you’re abolishing the extraordinary work that investigative agents do on the Homeland Security Investigations side,” she said. “That’s the half of ICE that does investigative work, which is human trafficking, child exploitation, international crime, military-arms proliferation—all of that is under ICE.”
+As Saldana notes, Immigration and Customs Enforcement does more than its name suggests. (Poor nomenclature is something of a tradition for the Department of Homeland Security.) Most of ICE’s public profile comes from a single office within the agency: Enforcement and Removal Operations, or ERO, which carries out deportations and removals. Democrats have likened it to the “deportation force” that Trump promised to build on the campaign trail. ERO agents have reportedly responded to the new mandate with enthusiasm.
+The second major office within the agency is Homeland Security Investigations, which resembles a traditional federal law-enforcement agency. The office was formed by the 2003 merger of the investigative divisions of the INS and the Treasury Department’s Customs Service. Its agents investigate crimes that often cross international borders: customs violations, human trafficking, child exploitation, cyber-related offenses, smuggling firearms or drugs, and more. Its broad portfolio mirrors the FBI’s role within the Justice Department, albeit at a smaller scale. While they’re structurally separate, HSI and ERO cooperate closely on day-to-day affairs.
+Two other directorates round out ICE’s basic structure. One of them is devoted to management and administrative functions, a standard nuts-and-bolts component of any large government agency. The other one, the Office of the Principal Legal Advisor, is far larger than its name suggests. Its 1,100 lawyers function like a Justice Department of sorts for ICE by providing legal counsel and representation in every capacity. OPLA lawyers also represent the government’s side in deportation hearings held within the Justice Department’s immigration-court system.
+Trump’s push to maximize immigration enforcement and deportations has resurfaced some tensions between the agency’s two largest offices. In a letter to Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen last month, a group of Homeland Security Investigations special agents asked for their office to be separated from Enforcement and Removal Operations, citing cultural differences in the mission and the workforce between the two principal offices. The agents also made clear, albeit politely, that ERO’s operations were undermining their ability to perform their own functions:
+Furthermore, the perception of HSI’s investigative independence is unnecessarily impacted by the political nature of ERO’s civil immigration enforcement. Many jurisdictions continue to refuse to work with HSI because of a perceived linkage to the politics of civil immigration. Other jurisdictions agree to partner with HSI as long as the “ICE” name is excluded from any public facing information. HSI is constantly expending resources to explain the organizational differences to state and local partners, as well as to Congressional staff, and even within our own department—DHS.
+In their letter to Nielsen, the agents framed the splitting of ERO and HSI as the logical endpoint of ICE’s evolution since its establishment in 2003 as part of the new Department of Homeland Security. In 2003, ICE absorbed the federal air marshals program from the Transportation Security Administration, another recent establishment, only to send the program back there two years later. The Federal Protective Service, which protects thousands of federal buildings across the country, also came to ICE from the General Services Administration in 2003. It was later moved elsewhere within DHS in 2009.
+Saldana said that the letter reflected long-running concerns among HSI agents about their ties to immigration enforcement that predate Trump. Under the Obama administration, the office persuaded department officials to change its original name—ICE Office of Investigations—to something less overtly connected to the agency to which it belonged. Saldana noted that HSI and ERO would still work closely together if split apart. HSI’s investigations often target people who enter the country illegally or attempt to do so, and ERO is the primary office that holds and detains undocumented immigrants.
+There isn’t a consensus among activists whether Homeland Security Investigations should be made independent within DHS, absorbed by another department, or divided up another way. “I think there’s a pretty diverse view within the immigrant-justice community as to how benign an institution HSI is,” McElwee said. “It’s a very sexy agency in the sense that if you’re a Democrat who doesn’t want to say abolish ICE, you can say, ‘Look, they did something about child trafficking,’ which gives the agency some political capital.”
+When I asked McElwee what he would regard as success for the Abolish ICE movement, he situated it within the context of a broader anti-deportation movement, which advocates decriminalizing immigration and providing a pathway to citizenship. But he also made clear that he would like to see the Enforcement and Removal Operations office go defunct. “The job that ERO performs only really makes sense as a thing that society should be doing if you view the presence of people of color in this country as a threat,” McElwee said. “I actually think that having a big, broad discussion about what we want to be as a nation—in terms of what laws we want to enforce and behaviors we make illegal—is actually something that has to be done and isn’t thought through in a coherent way.”
+ICE’s ultimate fate would hinge on how much lawmakers want to change. If ERO were shuttered, Congress could simply leave Homeland Security Investigations and the rest of ICE’s structure intact under a more suitable name. Lawmakers could also make HSI a distinct investigative agency within the Department of Homeland Security. Congress could also move the office to the Justice Department, either as a standalone agency or to be absorbed by the FBI, or to the Treasury Department, where the U.S. Customs Service once exercised similar functions.
+At its broadest level, #AbolishICE isn’t just about changing DHS’ most controversial agency. It’s about changing the nation’s deadlocked immigration debate. “Everyone’s entrenched,” Saldana said, referring to Congress. “I don’t blame one side or the other for the lack of comprehensive immigration reform. Both parties are responsible, and I would hope that at some point the public gets serious enough about it to say, ‘You’re not working on a major issue in this country and we need someone who will.’”
+By calling for ICE’s abolition, activists on the left are hoping to tilt that debate in their favor. “ICE is now contested,” McElwee said. “Detention beds are contested. ICE’s funding in omnibus bills is no longer a given—a thing that is seen as the thing that’s done automatically. The contesting of deportation is very valuable. We actually have some space now to question the consensus that was fundamentally a center-right consensus.” For those hoping to build a new approach to immigration after Trump, that long-term shift is more important than whatever form ICE takes next.
+Snowshoe Tourney winners
+Jon Wackler Memorial Snowshoe Tourney Recap. There were 4 teams competing this year in the Snowshoe Tourney Championship.
+Kenai CVB prepares for Summer Art Show
+For the past four years, the Kenai Convention and Visitors Bureau (CVB), along with partners Kenai Peninsula College and the Kenai Peninsula Borough School District, have produced major exhibitions that have included some of the most renowned wildlife artists from around the world.
+A lifetime of winter memories
+The 2004 Peninsula Winter Games certainly lived up to it to their slogan of "Something For Everyone in 48 Hours."
+Local Project GRAD leaders attend national conference
+Leaders from Project GRAD sites across America gathered recently in Columbus, Ohio to share ideas and develop new strategies for Project GRAD's mission of transforming the lowest performing schools into high-performing schools.
+Junior Miss Week proclaimed in Soldotna
+Once again the City of Soldotna was host to the State final competition for the Alaska Junior Miss Scholarship program. Ever since 1959, Alaska has participated in the Program and sent a representative to the national finals, which this year is celebrating their 47th anniversary.
+'Fair Days' show at Kenai Convention & Visitors Bureau
+The Peninsula State Fair in Ninilchik means a lot to the people who call the Kenai home. For the first time just how much the Fair means has been captured in black & white photos by a native born Peninsula woman Natasha Ala Johnson.
+NOW PLAYING: Miracle
+When I was growing up, my parents had a copy of a documentary (on video-disc, for those of you who remember back that far) about the 1980 Winter Oly
+Reader presents conditions under which he would give up dividend
+I read the governor's insert, "Securing Alaska's Future," and the article in an Anchorage newspaper, "Future of Fund is Now," and studied the graphs and charts.
+Performance provides excellent example of importance of arts
+Wow! Thank you for the memories!
+There's a big difference between being vigilantes, being vigilant
+Nikiski is no different than other communities plagued by scoundrels who chose to steal from others.
+Citizen will fly flag upside down until he feels good about USA
+I fly the flag of the United States in my front yard.
+Degrading Super Bowl halftime show is abait for terrorism
+I add my voice to those who have already expressed remorse over the Super Bowl half-time show last Sunday. As I watched, my heart sank in sadness and disgust. Is this America? What have we done to ourselves, and does anyone care?
+Community may not realize what an asset Heritage Place is
+Here's another reason you are fortunate to live on the Kenai Peninsula:
+Labonte brings Gospel to Daytona 500 fast lane
+DAYTONA BEACH, Fla. When Bobby Labonte takes the green flag in Sunday's Daytona 500, he'll be racing for victory and the Lord.
+Vadla wins Junior Miss crown
+After a week of rehearsals, luncheons, volunteer service projects and more rehearsals, when the show was over Saturday night, Soldotna High School senior Kaitlin Vadla walked away with the title of 2004 Alaska Junior Miss.
+Kenai River fee stations get OK
+The city of Kenai hopes to net a few more dollars next summer from the lucrative Kenai River personal-use salmon fishery.
+Musher, dog injured by moose
+Kasilof musher Jason Mackey was injured Sunday when he and his dog team were attacked by a moose while training for the 2004 Iditarod Sled Dog Race.
+Recreation commission recommends adding lobby, seating area to ice rink
+The Kenai Parks and Recreation Commission unanimously recommended a plan Thursday to add a permanent lobby and spectator area to the Kenai Multiuse Facility in anticipation of the Arctic Winter Games.
+Day of shadowing helps students make choices for future
+After this week, the shadows will know -- about careers in the Kenai area.
+Salvation Army abuse case goes before jury
+Attorneys presented closing arguments Monday in Kenai Superior Court in the civil case against The Salvation Army and a former Salvation Army minister convicted of sexually abusing minors while assigned to Kenai in the late 1990s.
+Look out below
+Marvin Tate catches air while snowboarding with friends at the Karen Street hill in Soldotna last weekend. Sledders and the occasional skier also utilize the location.
+Photo features: Making way for more?
+Lee Brewer with the Department of Transportation clears snow from the Kenai Spur Highway in Kenai Saturday morning.
+Lisa Marie (Marquis) Haviland
+Soldotna resident Lisa Marie (Marquis) Haviland died Thursday, Feb. 5, 2004, after a lengthy illness at Central Peninsula General Hospital in Soldotna. She was 33.
+Vernard E. Jones
+Kenai resident Vernard E. Jones died Thursday, Feb. 5, 2004, at home with his family by his side. He was 81.
+Democrats rush to beat Bush
+WASHINGTON In an anti-Bush voting spree, Democrats are racing through their front-loaded election calendar to crown a presidential nominee making John Kerry all but unstoppable in the delegate chase.
+North Korea should be persuaded to scrapits nuclear weapons plans
+North Korea is so secretive that it's uncertain whether it actually has nuclear weapons or, if it does, whether it's developing more. The danger, however, is great enough to demand more urgency.
+Capture of bin Laden key to squashing extremism
+The U.S. military is confident it will bring Osama bin Laden to justice by year's end, perhaps within months.
+Among jobs of governor's Conference of Alaskans is education of the public
+The Conference of Alaskans opens this week in Fairbanks. And while the stated goal is a majority position on the Alaska Permanent Fund's relation to the state budget, the conference also will find itself with an unstated goal: the further education of the public.
+Around the Peninsula
+Internet class canceled KAEYC meeting today UAF extension to hold workshop Childbirth classes offered Nikiski talent show entrants sought Members wanted for drum group
+Peninsula People
+Oliver graduates basic training Area residents make deans lists
+Community News
+TOPS losers are big winners Peninsula Winter Games dog-pull results announced
+Births
+Denali Christine Bernard Tyler Ray Hippchen Kellee Elise Martin Snowy Brooke Pannell Tristin James Segura Jenna Nichole Streiff
+Around the Peninsula
+UAF extension to hold workshopPFLAG schedules meetingHomer youth wrestling to beginBasketball teams to hold fund-raiserAviation safety meeting slated
+Community Schools
+The following list of Soldotna Community Schools classes and activities beginning this week is printed as a reminder to preregistered participants. Anyone interested in a class or activity should call the Community Schools office at 262-6768.
+CDC: Dangerous drugs prescribed to elderly patients in some doctor visits
+ATLANTA Dangerous drugs were prescribed to elderly Ameri-cans in about one out of every 12 visits to the doctor in 2000, federal officials said Monday.
+Senior Briefs
+What activities are available for our area seniors.
+Senior Menus
+What's on the menu for our area seniors.
+Seward girls knock off top-ranked Buccaneers
+Breanna Bardarson scored a game-high 15 points to lead the Seward girls to a 53-39 romp over the Valdez Buccaneers in the final game of the Dimond High School tournament Saturday in Anchorage.
+Bethel boys 58, Homer 52
+Seth Fairbanks led three Warriors in double figures as Bethel downed Homer 58-52 to claim the boys title at the Subway of Bethel tournament. Fairbanks hit three three-pointers en route to a game-high 22 points, while Alex Waiserski and Nate David each chipped in 13.
+Unalakleet girls 53, Seldovia 33
+Alica Toshavik scored 20 points to lead Unalakleet to a come-from-behind win over Seldovia Saturday. Nine of Toshavik's points came during an 18-8 third quarter run that completed a Wolf Pack comeback that started after Seldovia raced out to a 16-4 first quarter lead.
+Mariner girls win Bethel tourney
+The Homer girls capped an undefeated road trip to Bethel with a 60-39 win over the host Warriors in the championship game of the Subway of Bethel tournament.
+NFC rallies to pull out thriller
+HONOLULU There was nothing relaxing about this Sunday afternoon in Hawaii: The highest-scoring Pro Bowl in history also might have been the most exciting edition of the NFL's all-star game.
+Streaking Singh stalking Tiger
+PEBBLE BEACH, Calif. Vijay Singh stood on the 18th green with the crystal in his hands, a trophy he has wanted to hold ever since he first set foot on Pebble Beach.
+Solid: Verhelst keeps Stars on even keel
+Entering this year's high school hockey season with a new coach a young team, the Soldotna Stars knew it would be tough to pick up many wins.
+Kardinals sweep Houston
+Lindsay Keener had a game-high 11 points as the Kenai girls cruised to a 41-23 non-region win Saturday over the Houston Hawks in Houston. Kendra Steiner added nine for Kenai, which outscored the Hawks 24-10 in the first half. Laura Moore netted five points for the Kardinals.
+Seldovia boys 56, Unalakleet 53
+Charles Pulliam scored 10 of his game-high 22 points in the third quarter to lead Seldovia to a 56-53 win over Unalakleet Saturday. Chance Collier added 13 for the Sea Otters.
+State Wrestling results
+The results from Saturday's championship and consolation matches at the Alaska state 4A wrestling championships at Chugiak High School:
+Lady Vols shoot down Gamecocks
+KNOXVILLE, Tenn. Shyra Ely had 12 points and 12 rebounds to help top-ranked Tennessee beat South Carolina 72-58 on Sunday.
+Soldotna falls to Wasilla
+The Soldotna boys were unable to keep up with a hot-shooting Wasilla team Saturday, dropping a Region III/4A contest by a score of 75-40 at Wasilla. Ben Neher led all scorers with 17 points for the Warriors, which drained six three-pointers.
+Payton, Fisher magical in LA win
+ORLANDO, Fla. Derek Fisher stole the ball from Rod Strickland and set up Gary Payton's layup with 4.1 seconds left, leading the Los Angeles Lakers to a 98-96 victory Sunday over the Orlando Magic.
+Goalies shine Sunday
+ST. PAUL, Minn. They call Minnesota the State of Hockey and, fittingly, the NHL's All-Star game there reflected the state of its hockey, too. The trend to defense has spread even to the sport's showcase game.
+Hawks rally past Mavericks, 102-96
+ATLANTA Stephen Jackson had 11 of his career-high 30 points during an early fourth-quarter rally, helping the Atlanta Hawks beat the Dallas Mavericks 102-96 Monday.
+Races tighten up in NHL's sprint to the finish
+Chris Pronger welcomed a few days to get away from the close race in the Western Conference.
+Shaken up Knicks, Nets on winning streaks.''
+Big, barking dog takes early lead at Westminster Kennel Club dog show
+NEW YORK His barks bouncing all around the arena, Josh looked eager to get going. And with a lick of a fan's face and guided by his lucky leash, the big, black Newfoundland bounded back onto the green carpet at Madison Square Garden.
+[Memories from fifty years for my kids and thirteen grandchildren].
+When next Mother I arrived at the hospital, a nurse approached us as we walked down the corridor a sight that still, when repeated, makes me apprehensive. I wanted to tell you something, she said as she jointly drew in our breath. No, its good. The oxygen tent has been removed and your husband and Father is extremely happy about it. As were we. Mother embraced Father for the first time and congratulated him for being a good patient which resulted in its removal.
+All things come to he who waits, she said quoting St. Catherine of Siena. You see? Youve been calm and good and this is the result.
+Ah, yes, he said as he leafed through the newspaper.
+She said she hadnt had dinner so I sat with him while she went to the cafeteria.
+Its been a long time since you indoctrinated me during the shaving sessions, I said. Have you changed in any substantial way?
+What do you mean?
+Well, when you were holding forth it was in the `30s. It is now the `60s. You told me that the first fatal thing that happened to this country in the Era of the Modern was the presidency of Woodrow Wilson and his pressure to take us into the First World War.
+Exactly right. Consider that he was reelected in 1916 with the slogan `He Kept Us Out of War. Not long after his reelection, it made his bow on the world stage with an arrogant presumption. He called upon the warring European powers to let him mediate a `peace without victory. Cant you imagine that the European powers asked: who the hell are you? Of course the warring nations rejected it and Germany announced that on February 1, 1917, it would use unrestricted submarine warfare against the Brits and ports of Britains allies in the Mediterranean. Wilson broke off relations at once and sent the German ambassador back to Berlin in early February. What was the reason? The slyest trick of allone which would have taxed even the imagination of Franklin Roosevelt.
+The bogus telegram?
+The bogus telegram. It purported to be a message from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to the government of Mexico which said that if war broke out between Germany and the U. S., Germany on winning would promptly restore to Mexico the territories it lostTexas, New Mexico and Arizona. The message was transmitted to Wilson byyou could have guesseda British cryptographer. Neat little package, right? Nobody saw the original; the so-called `translation was given to Wilson by the Brits who sorely wanted us to join the war to win it for them. And the American people tended to believe itexcept for the `Tribune of course.
+Your favorite newspaper is somewhat more wobbly these days, Im afraid. Now since we will never know how fraudulent the purported Zimmermann telegram was or was not, what led you to believe that Wilsons character was so rottenand how do you document it?
+All that needs to be known about Wilson is that he was emotionally unbalanced. He had what they called a nervous breakdown as a student and his intransigence, his failure to compromise coupled with his insults to those who disagreed with him, paved the way for his messianic vision as the leader of the world and his inability to accept the Lodge Reservation which would have guaranteed that the Senate would approve the treaty along with the League.
+Take a look at one of his bitterest quarrels which received little attention then and less now. He was a first-rate professor at Princeton; then was hired as president. That was the error. Giving Wilson authority over an institution was a big mistake. He immediately saw his messianic destiny as abolishing exclusive dining clubsnot exactly an important step on the road to democracy let us say. But after he won that dispute, his eyes glistened as if he was seeing a vision as he outlined an expansion of the graduate school.
+We talked for a long time about this guy Wilson. An emotional cripple, lacking confidence with bravado to make up for it. A long conversation ensued, one of the best we ever had. At the end I asked what happened to Wilsons idea of a redesigned graduate school, with money used for it at the expense of the undergraduate school.
+The man who abolished elitist dining clubs was at heart an elitist. It was his graduate school which he would make the equal of Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford. He wanted to spend the money there. That would have been fine but given that he had proved himself a terrible fund-raiser, was entirely inappropriate and the money he wanted to spend would have bankrupted the university. Nevertheless he charged on. This guy alienated the faculty, the board of trustees and even Grover Cleveland, a Democratic ex-president, a member of the board of trustees, who sided against him. He charged them all with defending privilege as against democracy. The ravings of a man who was not quite right in the head. He actually said that those who disagreed with him were `traitors to Americans ideals. They canned his ass as well they should have, the board voting unanimously against him, including Cleveland, and he was a man without a future in academe.
+Mother entered the room at that moment. We could hear you out in the corridor. Who was canned?
+Woodrow Wilson. My voice carries, does it?
+The nurses enjoy your use of colorful language. You used colorful words to describe your lunch.
+Sorry.
+No! Thats good, Hon. Your voice is stronger and youre stronger. I married you for your opinions.
+Certainly not for my dancing.
+Not for your dancing: thats right. See, my father thought Wilson was a saint and martyr. You changed my mind. I just hope youre right. It would be terrible if a man with your well-stated opinions would be wrongjust because Wilson was a liberal. You wouldnt do that, would you?
+No. I liked Lodge and he was a liberal.
+But (I asked) how did Wilson surmount that firing?
+By his visionary Messiah nature which wowed your newspaperman friends. Liberalism was and is the religion people get when they ditch religion.
+Ill remember that.
+Please do.
+He must have done something beyond that to get elected Governor of New Jersey.
+Not really. You see it wasnt all that different from today. FDR started out with Arthur Krock of the `New York Times who thought Roosevelt was conservative. Wilson was adored by George Harvey.
+Who was--?
+Editor of `Harpers magazine whose contacts centered on J. P. Morgan, Jr. who always wanted a conservative Democrat to go along with the conservative pro-business Republicans so business wouldnt have to worry when the Democrats got in. The same general philosophy that later had them romancing Al Smith and a whole list of Democrats in 1932 who would be good pro-business types including Franklin Roosevelt who was being buttered up by Joe Kennedy no less.
+So what did Harvey do?
+Harvey used his connections with Morgan, who like his father was the undisputed king of American finance, to importune, let us say, certain prominent reporters who loved to sup at the great mans table in off-the-record sessions. Those sessions lasted for years, every month or so. All the while Harvey was touting this fired college president as the guy to run for governor of New Jersey and from there to the presidency to snatch the Democratic nomination away from the man Morgan truly despisedWilliam Jennings Bryan who had run against McKinley twice in `96 and `00 and against Taft in `08 as the enemy of Wall Street .
+Morgan feared Bryan and feared a return of Teddy. Teddy was still a young man, remember. Morgan wanted a conservative Democrat to start climbing the ladder. Wilson was to be the guy, born in the south, born in Virginia, who practiced law in Georgiaa true southern racist, by the wayalso an enemy of the Germans and the Irish along with all other immigrants--who had written favorably about the Ku Klux Klan in his book `A Constitutional History of the American People. He hated unions; he loved trusts, called monopolies justified and that political bosses were necessary to keep government running smoothly. So Morgan got his friends together and in those days money could be hidden from complete disclosure and they carried for Wilson as governor in 1910. Once again, conservatives were fooled.
+What breed of cat was Wilson?
+Screwed up, as allor mostliberals are. You know my view: Liberalism is at its root a belief in a false god: a substitute for religion. Wilson was a dissident son of a minister who didnt get on with his father or the church. A friend of Harveysa journalist who was a Wilson devoteewrote later that Wilson told him that he was meant for the `rough and tumble of politicshis words. Adding `my instinct turns that way.
+Not all that bad.
+But the instinct was a hunger for fame to get even with a very critical father, who was a minister, and show him that Wilson had what it takes. When he was courting his first wife, who died early, he wrote her he wanted to `drive the opinion from the entire world in my favor for change. So after he took J. P. Morgans money and his friends money and got in as governor of New Jersey, he took a sharp turn to the Left. Where have you heard that before? Overnight he changed his opinion about unions. They were now good. Trusts were now bad. Big business had to be tamed. That set him up for favorable pressyou know all about favorable press from your Minnesota days, dont you? And right away he was in the race for president in 1912. Nobody wanted Bryan any more; that would be his fourth run. Taft was the guy for J. P. Morgannot perfectbut here was Teddy coming back as a Progressive, the man J. P. Morgan feared almost as much as Bryan. So with Teddy splitting the Republican vote, Woodrow Wilson, once a conservative now a liberal, got in with 42 percent of the vote.
+Hon, thats enough for tonight, Mother said. Its just like the old days with you talking like that, dear. I love you. Were going to go home now and let you get some rest.
+I dont feel tired, said Father. You both will come tomorrow?
+We will.
+As we walked down the hospital corridor, she said: Tommy, weve got to be brave.
+Be brave? He was just like the old days. No oxygen tent--.
+I know. Ive talked to the heart surgeon and hes not optimistic. I mean, its good they took the oxygen tent down, good hes more enthusiastic but theyre not giving me a lot more to go on. They still dont think hell make it, Tommy. Weve got to be very optimistic with him, get him to talk politics as you havebut all the while, be ready for what may happen. And it may happen suddenly.
+
+If YOU looked like that freak YOU would be mad at the world, too.
+In the words of Whitney Houston: “Whar’s mah needle?”
+However, after reading many of the cowardly comments about his bad judgment for using the word Lynch Mob leaves me perplexed at whether or not some of our more politically correct Freepers have to squat to pee before waving the white flag in front of liberals and the Drive By Media.
+Star Jones who I think is nothing more than a black racists is wearing the old plantation chip on her shoulder that anything said about a black is automatically racists.
+Hussein Obama and his wife want to be president and first lady and that means representing all races and colors presently holding citizenship in this country.
+The problem of having Obama as president may be to much for the 85 percent of the population that has not had politically correct sensitivity training as administered by the Main Stream Media and the radical Louis Farrakhan's of America.
+Shame on Freepers who buy into this Shiite that certain words may not be used because they might be overly sensitive to those looking to be offended.
+Who on earth would want to “come after” that skank Star or Michelle?
+FMCDH(BITS)
+I always tell the “Stars” of the world the following; “do you think I care what YOU THINK? Gets them all the time.
+Why, the word “lynch rhymes with “wench”, which sounds like “trench”, which stands for ... “WAR”. So not only is O’Reilly a rascist, he’s a male chauvinist and a megalomaniac!
+Come to think of it, I use that word a lot too. Scooter Libby lynching, Rumsfeld lynching, Karl Rove lynching. And they’re not even black! For the first time in my life I realize how insensitive I’ve been. Quick! Somebody bring me some smelling salts!
+ROTFLMAO!!! Star doesn’t realize she’s being used, as upper level Democrats LAUGH at her. I see them do this all the time.
+I don’t like O’Reilly, and what he said was rather stupid, but I am so, so tired of everything becoming a national issue these days. Someone makes some small remark and it’s repeated over and over on the TV for days with the usual leftists getting involved. Makes me sick.
+To be honest I am plain sick of all of them. And Nancy Grace too. I try hard to avoid shows with them. Never saw the The View except for clips...I am tired of the race card plain & simple. And I find more blacks are racist then whites. As for anyone coming for Star, well who would want to even bother? BOR will make her look like a fool, more then she already does IMHO.
+Yep. The high-tech lynching of white America is underway.
+BINGO!!!
+LLS
+I can't stand Bill O'Reilly but Black people don't have a copywright on lynching. Many Whites, Indians, Chinese etc. have also been lynched. Most of them probably had it coming.
+These Black leaders just go around with a lantern like Diogenes but instead of an honest man, they are looking for something to use against Whitey. The funny thing is most Whiteys are so afraid of saying anything that might be even in the most remote way, racist that they go around praising Blacks constantly jsut to prove they aren't racist.
+The real racists are the ones using their race for personal gain.
+As a white guy of Bill's approximate age (I am actually older than him), the word "lynch" does not have a racial overtone, not even a racial undertone, to me.
+I am aware that Blacks have been lynched in the south, but the only personal relationship I had with a lynching was that the white guy who shot my best friend's grandfather was lynched. Happened long before either of us was even born, but I heard him tell the story many times.
+Now am I supposed to wipe this true story about a white guy getting lynched from my memory banks?
+Since I am a Jack Daniels Squire (we truly exist), does that make me a “lyncher” by default?
+LLS
+“Hey Bobby... pass me that pipe”!
+LLS
+It’s hardly just black people. More often is the latte-drinking, prius driving, birkenstock wearing, liberal trust fund babies, with their white guilt and bored nothing-better-to-do whining
+We actually have FReepers that are really “obamacuns”. That is what hussein dumbo osamabama calls ALL of the Republicans he claims are supporting him.
+LLS
+I am five to six years younger than BOR and the thing that comes to my mind when I hear about ‘lynching’ is cattle rustlers. Liberals, by nature, are all whiners.
+Hmm what if your last name happens to be Lynch? Is that going to be a big problem now too?
+Hey STar......go get you a nice stewed hamhock and big ole slice of hoghead cheese...... cram it down your neck....you’ll feel better in the morning.
+We can say what we want......if we are more equal. Those that are less equal can't say what others who are more equal can!!
+Let's ban all words [deemed INSENSITIVE by those that are MORE equal] from use by us who are less equal.
+If banned words are used by the less equal....the more equal should complain and the less equal should lose their JOBS and banned from being allowed to speak in public again.
+In extraordinary circumstances if those that are LESS equal use the L word.....prison time must be considered, however use of the N word by the LESS equal carries a mandatory DEATH sentence,
+Let's here it for RELATIVE EQUALITY!
+“the” is racist, as is “a”
+Good lord, you cant say Lynch anymore??? Nor rope, knot, hang ... ah shucks! Oops, sorry I said shuck. Every one knows that black people don’t take off their close, they “shuck” them. O’Reilly should have McCain apologize for him, he’s got the experience at it.
+LOL, one of the entertainment shows ran promos all one day saying they would have a special segment on how much Michelle Obama resembles Jackie Kennedy!
+They even showed side-by-side pix of each of them. Ummm, I didn’t see any resemblance and I don’t think anyone else did, either!
+I wonder how many lynchings Miss Jones has seen?
+There you go, *shuckin’ and jivin’* again!
+They who must NEVER be even remotely offended have their panties in a knot once again. How niggardly...
+And, despite what the author of this screed wants to think, lynching party has entered the lexicon of phrases to describe almost any attack against an individual or group that smacks of mob hysteria.
+"I found I was the only Mac user in an office of hardcore Unix guys. When they found out, I thought I was gonna get lynched."
+That, or variations of that line, pass through the lips unchecked and unnoticed by Americans everywhere, and there is never any racial connotation to it. It's just something that people say.
+What makes this statement seem racist to a hysterical white Republican hating professional race pimp was solely the fact that it was said by a white Republican regarding the dumb statement of a Black woman.
+He should have been more careful, no question about it, but I don't think for a moment he would have phrased it any different if he had been talking about a McCain goof, a Bush blunder, or anything similar.
+At this point I think there was no ill intent.
+It will soon be - make that it is NOW dangerous for any white person to open their mouth and let words come out.
+Good grief - they’ll soon have to publish a dictionary of words and phrases that are ‘racist’ and “hate” = cause I, for one, can’t keep up with it
+I agree. Michelle Obama (to me) shows a lack of many things. Dignity, spirit, allegience, honor, and trust.
+Lynchburg, Virginia to be renamed? Obama supporters livid.
+"How dare white men put the words 'lynch and burg' together like that. When did this happen? The KKK named the town?" demanded one protester.
+If you buy into that - you're part of the problem.
+Every day, they add another word of phrase that a white person must not say - there's no end to it if we bow down to it.
+Remember the man that got fired from his job by just using the word 'niggardly' - and in a conversation having absolutely nothing to do with anyone of color...or any person at all -
+NIGGARDLY: 1. reluctant to give or spend; stingy; miserly. 2. meanly or ungenerously small or scanty: a niggardly tip to a waiter.
+But the man was force out of his livelihood because someone was too ignorant to know what the word means.
+If we allow this to continue, YOU TOO could get caught in the web.
+I have a question about it. Why should he have been more careful? Because liberals are right? Because white people don't have the right to use all of the English language?
+The remainder of this post has been auto-deleted.
+YOU do realize that anything you put on this forum is out on the net for the world to read?
+To make such an unfounded assertion is no better than what Jones has done
+Star Jones....take a memo, whites are no longer feeling guilty.....that train is gone.
+First, I heard the recording of his phone calls to the co-worker he was harrassing.
+Second, how much he enjoys sitting next to and interview Porn Stars, Strippers and any sex worker for that matter.
+Third, all the hot babes he invites on the show as “guests”, while he is drooling.
+Ah yes, for the whole world to see, O’Reilly is a perv.
+FGS. This is absolutely ridiculous.
+I agree. I would go on, but I have to limit my posts about Borat and his wife, because of my blood pressure.
+You know how John Belushi used to get all wound up on the SNL “news” segment and just go nuts, banging his fists on the desk and falling off his chair? That’s how I feel about the O’s.
+Bow down to the thought/speak police and you are part of the problem - and it will not stop here...
+Good grief, White folk will soon not dare open their mouths...
+Could have said coon hunt, witch hunt or neck tie party but not “lynching party. Oh, the horror.
+Then I realized I was confusing her with another black female pundit with the same first name - Star Parker.
+Ouch! Better go to bed now, if my memory cells are misfiring that badly.
+Haven't talked to any white liberals in awhile, eh?
+Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.
+katzenel@life.illinois.edu
+294 Burrill Hall
+Office: (217) 333-9769
+Mail to: Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
+524 Burrill Hall
+407 S. Goodwin Ave
+Urbana, IL 61801-3704
+Benita S Katzenellenbogen
+Swanlund Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
+Swanlund Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology
+Research Topics
+Endocrinology, Genomics, Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions, Receptor Biochemistry, Regulation of Gene Expression, Reproductive Biology, Signal Transduction
+Education
+B.A. 1965 City University of New York
+M.A. 1966 Harvard University
+PhD. 1970 Harvard University
+Postdoc. 1970-71 University of Illinois
+Regulation of gene expression, signal transduction, and cell proliferation and phenotypic properties by hormones and growth factors; functional analyses of nuclear hormone receptors and their genome-wide activities; mechanisms of hormone and antihormone action in normal and cancer cells; biomarker discovery and cellular changes underlying resistance to therapeutic agents in breast cancer.. Our studies focus on the characterization of these receptors and their coregulator protein partners; the interaction of receptor agonist versus antagonist ligand complexes with hormone-regulated genes; the interrelationships among hormones, growth factors, and various signal transduction pathways in the regulation of cell proliferation and phenotypic properties of breast cancer cells; and the mechanisms by which antihormones (antiestrogens and antiprogestins) antagonize hormone-dependent gene transcription and cell growth.. Our studies involve detailed biochemical and structure-function analyses of the receptors and coregulators and their gene interactions, and examination of their biological activities in normal and cancer, in particular breast cancer, cells. We have a major interest in hormones and breast cancer and in mechanisms of endocrine sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapies; biomarker discovery and improving cancer treatment effectiveness; and also a strong focus on reproductive biology and the improvement of fertility.
+Awards
+Ernst Oppenheimer Memorial Award of The Endocrine Society for Meritorious Research, 1984
+Thomas A. Murphy University Scholar, 1987-1990
+MERIT Award from National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute 1991-1999
+Faculty Member of the Year Award, University of Illinois College of Medicine, 1994
+American Academy of Arts and Sciences, elected Fellow, 1993
+Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Scientific Distinction Award, 1996
+The Kroc Lectureship, Univ. Texas-Houston Health Science Center and M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1998
+Jill Rose Award for Breast Cancer Research, The Breast Cancer Research Foundation, 1998
+NIEHS Distinguished Lectureship, NIEHS/NIH, 2000 and 2005
+President, The Endocrine Society, 2000-2001
+Swanlund Professorship, University of Illinois, 2000-present
+Professor in the Center for Advanced Studies, University of Illinois, 2000-present
+City University of New York Distinguished Alumni Award, 2002
+Roy O. Greep Lecture Award, The Endocrine Society, 2006
+Laurea ad Honorem (Honorary Degree) from University of Milan, Italy, 2007
+Nobel Conference on Estrogen Signaling: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Understanding, Keynote Address, Stockholm, 2008
+Susan G. Komen for the Cure, Brinker Award for Scientific Distinction, 2009
+Mentor Award, Women in Endocrinology, 2011
+Representative Publications
+Madak-Erdogan, Z., Ventrella, R., Petry, L., and Katzenellenbogen B.S Novel roles for ERK5 and Cofilin as Critical Mediators Linking Estrogen Receptor α-Driven Transcription, Actin Reorganization and Invasiveness in Breast Cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 12:714-727, 2014. PMID: 24505128 [Abstract]
+Holton, S.E., Bergamaschi, A., Katzenellenbogen, B.S. and Bhargava, R. Integration of molecular profiling and chemical imaging to elucidate fibroblast-microenvironment impact on cancer cell phenotype and endocrine resistance in breast cancer. PLoS One. 9(5):e96878, 2014. PMID: 24816718 [Abstract]
+Madak-Erdogan, Z. Charn, T.H., Jiang, Y., Liu, S.T., Katzenellenbogen, J.A. and Katzenellenbogen B.S. Integrative Genomics of Gene and Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptors α and β, and Their Coregulators. Molecular Systems Biology 9:676, 2013. PMID: 23774759 [Abstract]
+Kim, K., Madak-Erdogan, Z. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. A MicroRNA196a2* and TP63 Circuit Regulated by Estrogen Receptor- and ERK2 that Controls Breast Cancer Proliferation and Invasiveness Properties. Hormones and Cancer 4:78-91, 2013. PMID: 23250869 [Abstract]
+Zhao, Y., Park, S., Bagchi, M.K., Taylor, R.N., and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. The Coregulator, Repressor of Estrogen Receptor Activity (REA), is Crucial in the Control of the Timing and Magnitude of Uterine Decidualization. Endocrinology 154:1349-1360, 2013. PMID: 23392257 [Abstract]
+Bergamaschi, A., Frasor, J., Borgen, K., Stanculescu, A., Johnson, P., Rowland, K., Wiley, E.L., and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. 14-3-3 zeta as a Predictor of Early Time to Recurrence and Distant Metastasis in Hormone Receptor Positive and -Negative Breast Cancers. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 137:689-696, 2013. PMID: 23271328 [Abstract]. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Mechanisms Enforcing the Estrogen Receptor Beta-Selectivity of Botanical Estrogens. FASEB J 2013. PMID: 23882126 [Abstract]
+Bhatt, S., Xiao, Z., Meng, Z. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Phosphorylation by p38MAPK Promotes Estrogen Receptor-{alpha}Turnover and Functional Activity via the SCFSkp2 Proteasomal Complex. Mol. Cell Biol. 32:1928-1943, 2012. PMID: 22431515 [Abstract]
+Park, S., Yoon, S., Zhao, Y., Park, S.E., Liao, L., Xu, J., Lydon, J.P., DeMayo, F.J., O’Malley, B.W., Bagchi, M.K. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Uterine Development and Fertility are Dependent on Gene Dosage of the Nuclear Receptor Coregulator REA. Endocrinology 153:3982-3994, 2012. PMID: 22585830 [Abstract]
+Madak-Erdogan, Z. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation of Estrogen Receptor {alpha}-Mediated Gene Regulation by a Multimeric Chromatin Complex Involving the Two Receptors and the Coregulator RIP140. Toxicological Sciences 125:401-411, 2012. PMID: 22071320 [Abstract]
+Bergamaschi, A. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Tamoxifen down-regulation of miR-451 increases 14-3-3ζ and promotes breast cancer cell survival and endocrine resistance. Oncogene 31:39-47, 2012. PMID: 21666713 [Abstract]
+Stossi, F., Madak-Erdogan, Z., and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Macrophage-Elicited Loss of Estrogen Receptor-α in Breast Cancer Cells via Involvement of MAPK and c-Jun at the ESR1 Genomic Locus. Oncogene 31:1825–1834, 2012. PMID: 21860415 [Abstract]
+Park, S., Zhao, Y., Yoon, S., Xu, J., Liao, L., Lydon, J., DeMayo, F., O’Malley, B.W. and Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Repressor of Estrogen Receptor Activity (REA) is Essential for Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Functional Activities: Studies in Conditional Knockout Mice. Endocrinology 152:4336-4349, 2011. PMID: 21860415 [Abstract]
+Stender, J.D., Stossi, F., Funk, C.C., Charn, T.H., Barnett, D.H., Katzenellenbogen, B.S. The Estrogen Regulated Transcription Factor PITX1 Coordinates Gene-Specific Regulation by Estrogen Receptor-Alpha in Breast Cancer Cells. Mol Endocrinol. 25:1699-1709, 2011. PMID: 21868451 [Abstract]
+Bergamaschi, A., Christensen, B., Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Reversal of Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer: Interrelationships Among 14-3-3ζ, FOXM1, and a Gene Signature Associated with Mitosis. Breast Cancer Research 13:R70, 2011. PMID: 21707964 [Abstract]
+Madak-Erdogan,Z., Lupien, M., Stossi, F., Brown, M., Katzenellenbogen, B.S. Genomic Collaboration of Estrogen Receptor and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 2 in Regulating Gene and Proliferation Programs. Mol. Cell. Biol. 31:226-236, 2011. PMID: 20956553 [Abstract]
+Complete Publications List
+He helped invent art rock as a member of Roxy Music, played with everyone from Brian Eno to David Gilmour to Bob Dylan and was sampled by Jay Z and Kanye West. But what Guitar World readers really want to know is…
+Here on the 45th anniversary of the first Roxy music album, how does the record sound to you today? has it stood the test of time? —Kevin Warren
+I don’t listen to it often, but I had to listen to it for this deluxe anniversary reissue project, and I was so pleased, really. And amazed that we had the bravery to actually do such a crazy album at that time. I find it difficult to categorize, stylewise. It’s not prog rock, it’s not glam… I answered an ad in the Melody Maker to join Roxy Music, and the ad said, “The perfect guitarist for avant rock group.” And there was a list of things they wanted: “original, creative, adaptable, melodic, fast, slow, elegant, witty, scary, stable, tricky. Quality musicians only.”
+I was just desperate to join a band. I don’t really think I took that all in. But, looking back on it 45 years later, that surely sums up the style of Roxy Music—avant rock group. And all the little things they wanted, to me, sums up the band at that time. It was such a mixture. We all contributed bits and pieces. The one thing that stands out the most for me with Roxy Music was just a lot of humor. We were laughing constantly. Especially doing the weird stuff we were playing, we thought, If we look too serious, people are just going to get bored with this.
+When and how did you first acquire the red 1964 Gibson Firebird that became your signature ax? —Gerry Ravinski
+When I first joined Roxy Music, I had a Gibson 335—a beautiful thing. They took one look at it and said, “Oooh. No, no, no. You’ve got to have a white Strat.” So I got a white Strat and I used that and the 335 on the first album. But then, after being with them for a few months, the 335 got stolen.
+And, again, in the back of the Melody Maker, I saw an ad for a red Gibson guitar. I had no idea what a Firebird was. But, growing up in South America, I’d had a Hofner Galaxie guitar, which was red. So I went along to this rich guy’s house in Regent’s Park in London. He opened the door and he was about 17 with this red Firebird. His parents were American. They’d come over from Kalamazoo and were living in this posh house. I took one look at the guitar and said, “I’ll take it.” I paid £150 and walked off with it. It’s been my signature guitar ever since. It was featured on the second Roxy Music album cover [For Your Pleasure, 1973]. It’s been a dream—and very effects-friendly.
+Where did you get the idea to process your guitar through Brian Eno’s synthesizer during Roxy’s early days? —Todd Barnes
+When I arrived on the scene, Eno was already treating Bryan Ferry’s piano and Andy McKay’s oboe with his [EML] VCS3 synthesizer, which was actually originally Andy’s. Basically, they were using the oboe and piano as sound sources for the VCS3, which is monophonic and just basically a series of oscillators, filters, a ring modulator and such.
+And since a guitar can create feedback and other wild sounds, we said, “Right, let’s try the guitar.” To make the signal last longer, I would stick it through a Revox tape recorder, to get echoes and things, and then send it to Eno and then out to the P.A. It was very innovative. There was no one else doing that. It wasn’t until a few years later that Robert Fripp started doing something similar with Eno, which became Frippertronics.
+Did you and Brian Eno mesh right away? He was proudly a “non musician” and you had just come from Quiet Sun, where you’d been playing in crazy, prog-rock time signatures. —Mark Mankovitz
+We got along really well. I’d always loved the Velvet Underground, which was very much about few chords and soundscapes, really, through guitar feedback and things like that. So it wasn’t through any technical ability that we bonded. It was through repetitive stuff through using echo units and similar gear. And that came from systems music—composers like Terry Riley and Steve Reich—which we both loved. I used to bump into Eno at various avant garde concerts. So we got on really well. We even shared an apartment together for a while.
+I read that you’ve known David Gilmour since the Seventies. So why did it take so long for the two of you to start making music together? —Gina Rockwell
+I actually met David when I was 16, around 1967, when I came back full time to the U.K. from South America. I wanted to be a professional musician. I said to my mother, “I don’t want to go to university.” And she said, “My God, what are we going to do?” And my brother said, “I know this guy who has just become a professional musician.” And it was David Gilmour. My brother had been up at Cambridge University, and he said, “Let’s go and talk to him. Have lunch and ask him what you have do to become a professional musician?” So we went and had the lunch, and he can’t remember what he said. He later told me, “I must have said something fantastic, because five years later you managed to get yourself into Roxy Music.” After lunch, I remember we popped into his apartment opposite and he played guitar and then he went off to Abbey Road. He was recording on the first Pink Floyd album he was on [Saucerful of Secrets, 1968].
+Then in 1987, I co-wrote the title track for A Momentary Lapse of Reason with him. I had the same manager, Steve O’Rourke, and Dave was nearby. I’d always kept in touch but never worked with him until then. But when I moved in 2001 to the country, I ended up living next door to him. I had no idea when we bought the house. It was just fate. Then, in 2005, he asked me to produce his solo album, On An Island. And 10 years later I worked with him on his next one, Rattle That Lock. We have a lot in common. Going back through the years, we find we have a lot of the same equipment, like, “Ah, you’ve got one of those too.” He gave me a nice little Gibson amp on my 60th birthday. It helps having a neighbor being David Gilmour.
+What was it like doing the Guitar Legends festival in Seville in 1991 with all those legendary names like Bob Dylan, Keith Richards, Joe Satriani and Steve Cropper? —Art Ruggiero
+That was one of the most amazing things in my life, although I was also worried, to a certain extent. I was the music director and I had to organize the whole night. The guy who was producing it said, “Would you be the musical director for it? We’ve got a budget of seven million dollars. It’s going to go out live in America and in the U.K. on BBC. Five nights.” There was a different concept for each night—a jazz night, a blues night, a country night, whatever. And one night had no concept, and I said, “Yeah, that’s going to be my night.” And he said, “Okay, your night is going to be Bob Dylan, Keith Richards, Joe Cocker…” I said, “Joe Cocker’s not a guitarist.” “Well, he plays air guitar. We need the big names for the TV people. But you’re going to have to rehearse Bob Dylan for a week, underneath the stage…with this amazing band.”
+The manager came in and said, “This is Bob. Bob, this is Phil.” And then we began negotiating with him what tracks we were going to play, which, of course, we didn’t end up playing. But I just kept thinking, Wow, this is Bob Dylan. I’ll just do whatever he wants, ’cause he’s a genius.
+If you look at the footage on YouTube, you can see we’re all looking around. The manager said, “He might come on. He might not. And if he doesn’t, who’s gonna sing the songs?” And Jack Bruce, who was in the band, says, “Don’t look at me.” The manager says, “Well, if you do see him coming on, make sure you introduce him.” So I looked ’round to see his spotted shirt coming out of the blackness. “Senors y senores, Bob Dylan!” And we proceeded to not play any of the stuff we’d rehearsed. You can see us all looking at each other saying, “Is that a C chord?” “What key are we in?”
+How did your background in Latin American music influence your work with Roxy music and as a solo artist? —Virginia Ramos
+I have a Colombian mother. I grew up in Cuba, Venezuela and Colombia. My mother started teaching me guitar when I was seven, in Havana, before the revolution. What I got from her was the groove—the rhythms she loved, which was cumbia and stuff like that. That influenced me to always try, through the use of echo, to play double-time in Roxy Music. I would say, “Come on guys, let’s groove it up a bit.” It was not easy, because there wasn’t a lot of space.
+But over my whole period of playing with Roxy, there were various times where I managed to get it in, just by using eighth and or sixteenth notes with an echo repeat. But apart from that, nothing really. Throughout the entire Seventies, nobody was interested in my background from South America. But in my solo work, I started referencing some of those things.
+Inherent Powers Of The Court
+There exists an age-old and well-established principle that every court has power to act ex debito justitiae to do that real and substantial justice for the administration of which alone it exists. Also, it has an inherent duty to prevent abuse of the existing processes of the court. [1] The Code of Civil Procedure is not exhaustive [2] , the reason for this being that the legislature is incapable of pre-empting all possible circumstances which may arise in future litigation, and consequentially for providing the procedure for the same. [3] The court has, therefore, in many cases, where the circumstances so require, acted upon the assumption of possession of inherent power. This well established principle receives legislative recognition in Section 151 of the Code of Civil Procedure which states that:
+S. 151. Saving of inherent powers of the Court.- Nothing in this Code shall be deemed to limit or otherwise affect the inherent power of the Court to make such orders as may be necessary for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of the Court.
+NATURE AND SCOPE OF S.151
+The section does not confer any powers, but only indicates that there is a power to make such orders as may be necessary for achieving the ends of justice, and also to prevent an abuse of the process of the court. [4] The court is not powerless to grant relief when the ends of justice and equity so demand, because the powers vested in the court are of a wide scope and ambit. [5] The Supreme Court in the case of Raj Bahadur Ras Raja v Seth Hiralal [6] observed that ‘the inherent power has not been conferred on the court; it is a power in the court by virtue of its duty to do justice between the parties before it’.
+But, this power of the court is limited to the extent that it cannot be exercised if its exercise is inconsistent with, or comes into conflict with, any of the powers expressly or by necessary implication conferred under the Code. [7] If there are express provisions exhaustively covering a particular topic, that give rise to a necessary implication that no power shall be exercised in respect to that topic in any manner other than that prescribed by the said provision. [8] Further, the power under S.151 cannot be exercised as an appellate power [9] and it cannot be invoked to pass administrative and ministerial orders. [10]
+In the subsequent chapters an effort will be made to understand when inherent power can be exercised and when not; when invocation of the section is proper and when it is not; a few specific cases where S.151 finds application. An analysis in these areas will be made in context of existing case law.
+CHAPTER 2: INHERENT POWER WHEN CAN BE EXERCISED
+There are two major objectives the court must take into consideration while exercising inherent powers recognised under S. 151. Firstly, the powers are to be exercised only for the ends of justice and secondly, to prevent abuse of process of the court. The powers are not to be exercised when prohibited or excluded by the Code or other statutes as well as in situations when there exist specific provisions in the Code applicable to the litigation at hand. In this chapter an attempt will be made to analyse each of these aspects in some detail.
+2.1 TO BE EXERCISED ONLY FOR THE ENDS OF JUSTICE
+Courts have inherent power to pass interim orders for ends of justice or to prevent failure of justice. [11] It has been observed by the Supreme Court that the interests of justice are the prime consideration in granting or not granting prayers in a petition under S.151 and no rule or procedure can curtail that power of the court. Where the order of the court below is in the interest of justice, the higher court can refuse to interfere under S.115, even if the court below has no jurisdiction to pass such an order. The interference in revision is discretionary and should be used only in interest of justice and not in a case where interference is not in the interest of justice. [12] Illustrations of this principle can be found in judgments such as the Patna High Court holding that, the fact that the dismissal could be reviewed or revised under O 47, should not come in the way of exercising power under this section. [13] Likewise, interference on the grounds of safeguarding the rights of the minor as envisaged by S.31 of the Guardians and Wards Act 1890 was held necessary. [14] The court can also interfere, in the interest of justice, with an order especially an ex parte order, which has been issued through its mistake, even suo motu. [15] Like, any other case even in such situation the court cannot grant a relief under inherent jurisdiction, if the same relief can be granted by another court, under an express provision of the Code. [16]
+2.2 TO PREVENT ABUSE OF PROCESS OF THE COURT
+According to Mulla [17] the words ‘abuse of process of courts’, is defined as follows:
+Abuse of process of court, is the malicious and improper use of some regular legal proceedings to obtain an unfair advantage over an opponent. Nothing short of obvious fraud on the part of a debtor would render him liable to have his petition for insolvency dismissed on the grounds of ‘abuse of process of court. [18] The term is generally used in connection with action for using some process of court maliciously to the injury of another person.
+The High Court has inherent power under S.151, under Letters patent, and under Art. 215 of the Constitution to prevent the abuse of its powers. [19] It is an abuse of the process of the court when the facts germane to the issue were either not disclosed to the court or were misstated. However, inaccurate facts must be such as to enable the plaintiff to obtain the relief which he would not have gotten had he disclosed the correct facts. But inaccuracies which did not have such a result would not be sufficient to dismiss the cause. [20]
+Where the court is bound to grant an application, and has no discretion to refuse it, it has no power to dismiss it on so treacherous a ground of decision, as an ‘abuse of the process of the court’. [21] Also, where a decree of the first appellate court has become final, by its not having been interfered with in the second appeal, an application for stay of its execution cannot be granted on the ground, either of abuse of process of court or in the interest of justice, merely because a review application against such a decree is pending. [22]
+2.3 NOT APPLICABLE WHEN PROHIBITED BY THE CODE OR OTHER STATUTES
+Through a plethora of judgments, it is well-settled that when a power is to be exercised by a civil court under an express provision, the inherent power cannot be taken recourse to. [23] A court has no inherent power to do what is prohibited by the Code. Thus, a court has no power, after the judgment is signed, to alter or to add to it, as, doing so, would be in direct contravention of O 20, r 3. [24] Further, this section does not invest in the court, jurisdiction over matters which are not in its cognisance. Thus, a court cannot under this section, entertain a suit relating purely to caste, such a suit not being of civil nature. [25] ; or entertain a rent suit which can by special law, only be tried by a revenue court. The court also cannot ignore the provisions of law of limitations by appealing to this section. The court cannot, by exercise of its inherent powers extend the period of limitation on any grounds of equity and justice.
+A remand of the entire case to the trial court for the purpose of taking additional evidence and then disposing it off according to law, would not be valid, it being in contravention of specific provisions of the CPC. Similarly, a court cannot, in the exercise of the powers under this section, compel a person to undergo a medical examination. [26] Similarly, where the Representation of the People Act prohibits condonation in filing of a petition, the same cannot be cured by exercising the inherent powers in the interest of justice. [27]
+2.4 NOT APPLICABLE WHEN THERE ARE SPECIFIC PROVISIONS IN THE CODE
+In the case of Manohar Lal Chopra v Rai Bahadur Rao Raja Seth Hiralal [28] it has been held that the inherent jurisdiction of the court to make orders ex debito justitiae is undoubtedly affirmed by S.151 but that jurisdiction cannot be used so as to nullify the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure. Where the CPC deals expressly with a particular matter, the provisions should normally be regarded as exhaustive.
+S.151 gives inherent power to the court to make such order as may be necessary for the ends of justice or o prevent abuse of the process of the court; however same is required to be exercised by the court when there is no other statutory remedy available to parties to redress their grievances. In Ram Chand & Sons Sugar Mills Pvt Ltd v Kanhayalal Bhargav [29] , the court observed that, the inherent power of the court ‘is in addition to and complimentary to the powers expressly conferred, but that power will not be exercised if its exercise is inconsistent with, or comes in conflict with any of the powers expressly or by necessary interpretation conferred by the other provisions of the Code. If there are express provisions exhaustively covering a particular topic, they give rise to a necessary implication that no power shall be exercised in respect of the said topic otherwise than in the manner provided by the said provision. [30] Whatever limitations are imposed by construction on the provisions of S.151 of the Code, they do not control the undoubted power of the court to make a suitable order to prevent abuse of the process of the court.
+The inherent powers cannot be used to reopen the settled matters. These powers cannot be restored to when there are specific provisions in the Act to deal with the situation. [31]
+CHAPTER 3: APPEAL, REVIEW AND REVISION
+3.1 APPEAL
+An appeal and a second appeal have been held, by the Madras High Court to lie from an order made under S.151, in execution, or for the restitution; whereas the Lahore and Patna High Courts have held that no appeal lies from an order made by a court in its inherent jurisdiction. [32] No appeal lies against an order of remand under S.151 but revision is maintainable. [33] Orders granting temporary injunction ex parte or refusing to grant injunction under S.151 is not appealable. When the order purports to have been passed under S.151 and not under O 39 r 1 only a revision will lie against the order.
+It is well-settled that when an application for maintenance is submitted in partition suit by the plaintiff, in view of the fact that the property is in possession of the defendant and the plaintiff is entitled to have maintenance out of the joint family property, such application is entertained in view of S.151 and not under O 39 or any other provision. Therefore, as against such order, the miscellaneous appeal is misconceived since O 42 is not applicable to such orders. Thus, the miscellaneous appeal as against the order against the order of maintenance was not tenable in law. [34]
+3.2 REVIEW
+The review/recall petition against the consent decree would not lie. If the evidence on record discloses that one party has played fraud on the other party, in such event the only remedy left over to the party against whom the fraud is played to file a separate suit for setting aside the decree obtained by fraud. But, if it proved that one of the parties has played fraud on the court, then only the review petition is maintainable under S. 151 Code of Civil Procedure. [35]
+Where order allowing amendment of plaint was absolutely clear and unambiguous, the court has no inherent power to review its decision duly pronounced.
+3.3 REVISION
+After carefully examining the various provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure which provides or contemplates filing of an appeal, Supreme Court found no such provisions available to the appellant to file an appeal against the order made by the trial court on an application filed under S.151. Therefore, revision petition against the said order was not maintainable. Order rejecting application under O 26 r 9, read with S.151 for appointment of approved value to fix valuation of plaint and machinery is not revisable, in view of provisions of S. 115 and considering the fact that the impugned order rejecting the application has not disposed off the suit or proceeding. There is neither any merit nor any scope for interference by high court, particularly when the very application under O 21 r 29 read with S.151 was not tenable. There is no justification to interfere with the impugned order in the exercise of revisional jurisdiction under S.115. The order if not regular may not be interfered with revision if it is made irregularly or even improperly unless grave injustice or hardship would result from a failure to do so. Where the interference is likely to work, not in the interest of justice but rather against it, the high court will not interfere in its revisional jurisdiction. [36]
+CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION
+The legislators in forming of the Code of Civil Procedure are incapable of foreseeing every possible situation which may arise or of creating an exhaustive list of circumstances in which an existing provision may apply. [37] In the absence of such mechanical application of law, the court has been recognised to have certain inherent power. This is to perform the functions of administering justice [38] in cases where provisions of law are not explicit or applicable. Also in the cases where parties take unfair advantage of process of the court, [39] it is the courts responsibility to prevent such blatant misuse. Though, this power of the court is not unduly far-reaching and unrestricted. S.151 which gives legislative recognition to ‘inherent powers’ also makes clear the fact that the powers can be exercised only when such action is explicitly prohibited by the Code or any other statute; or where there exists a provision of the Code applicable to the matter at hand. [40] Through various case laws an analysis has been made in this project to understand the guiding principles for the court in entertaining a matter under S.151. It has been established that ‘inherent powers’ must be exercised only for the ends of justice or to prevent abuse of the process of court as long as it is not in contravention of any other existing law or provision.
+The judiciary forms a fundamental pillar on which a democracy such as India rests. Codified statutes such as the Code of Civil Procedure aim to make the judicial process as uniform and unbiased as possible. Yet the legislative process takes due cognisance of the fact that not all situations can be pre-empted and procedures laid down for the same. S.151 is a mere reiteration of this very fact as it recognises the courts ability in best granting justice in all those situations where the Code of Civil Procedure or any other statute is not applicable.
+For the guns of the original The Avengers (2012), go here!
+After the original film, SHIELD’s prominence began to wane, and along with it, the presence of firearms in the film sub-series. Also because the events of Captain America: Winter Soldier threw the organization into a state of chaos.
+Plus, the size of the cast just gets bigger and bigger with each Avengers movie and there’s just less screen time for individual characters, including those with less spectacular powers, like being a really good shot.
+AVENGERS: AGE OF ULTRON (2015)
+Black Widow
+In the beginning of Age of Ultron, Black Widow / Natasha Romanov (Scarlett Johansen) pulls a Glock 19 from its hiding place beneath a the bar in the Avengers building when Ultron first reveals himself in the bionic body he has assembled from Tony Stark’s drones. Unfortunately, it doesn’t do much good.
+In a flashback to her instructional days in the Red Room show a younger Black Widow / Natasha Romanov (Scarlett Johansen) is seen using a Makarov PM pistol. Though we don’t get much about the character’s history but bits and pieces throughout the many movies Black Widow has appeared in, these details line up with the character’s comic book history.
+According to creator Stan Lee, Romanov was born in Stalingrad, Russia (now Volgograd) and was trained as a spy, martial artist, and sniper and became an expert with an arsenal of high-tech weaponry, including a pair of wrist-mounted energy weapons call her “Widow’s Bite.”
+When Black Widow first showed up in Iron Man 2, she was wearing prominent wrist gauntlets that looked a lot like the ones in the comics, though they are never referred to by name and she only used them once in that movie. In subsequent appearances, she still wears them when fully kitted out, but they appear to get a little more compact. She uses them every so often as a melee weapon and as a short-distance stunning weapon.
+In Captain America: The Winter Soldier, she is stunned by one herself and remarks that it stings.
+In the comics, Natasha defects to the U.S. (this was during the Cold War) for reasons that include her love for the reluctant criminal turned superhero archer, Hawkeye—again, something that is hinted at in the first Avengers movie as having happened in the past.
+The character’s original past is a little murky and involves Nazi plots and such, but her origin was retconned later on, establishing her as being raised from very early childhood by the U.S.S.R.’s “Black Widow Ops” program along with other young female orphans who were brainwashed and trained in combat and espionage at the covert “Red Room” facility, which is was we get a glimpse of in the movie. And if she was being trained in the U.S.S.R., her use of a Makarov PM pistol is certainly correct.
+She’s also quite a bit older than she looks, since the program enhanced her with biotechnology and psycho-technology. Black Widow operatives essentially have their memory’s wiped and they are replaced with a false narrative that ensures their loyalty. Natasha’s story was that she was once a ballerina, which she discovers is false when she overcomes the brainwashing. Fans are expecting that some of this will be explored in the upcoming standalone Black Widow movie.
+In the previous Avengers movie, when fully geared up for battle, Natasha carries two Glock 26 subcompact pistols in thigh holsters. She has the same model in the sequel, but it seems she only carries one pistol instead of two, and she’s not seen using it very often.
+S.H.I.E.L.D.
+While in the SHIELD helicarrier over Sakovia, Nick Fury (Samuel L. Jackson) again has his Smith & Wesson M&P 9mm pistol in a thigh holster, but he’s never seen using or drawing it in this film.
+Agent Maria Hill (Cobie Smulders) is back again, but this time, instead of carrying a Glock 19, she is seen with a full sized Glock 17 pistol during the attack on the SHIELD Helicarrier.
+Later, while in the Avengers Tower, Agent Hill is seen cocking the hammer on a stainless Walther PPK in 9mm.
+We see some of the bigger guns on the Avengers jet, which is armed with an under-mounted multi-barreled gun that looks like a General Dynamics GAU-17/A, an electrically driven gatling gun that fires .50 BMG cartridges in M9-linked belts. The rate of fire can be set at 1,000 or 2,000 rounds per minute. The Humvee armament kit fires at 1,300 rounds per minute. Other Miniguns are seen mounted on transports sent to evacuate citizens of Sokovia.
+Law Enforcement
+During the opening confrontation with high-tech terrorists in South Africa, the local South African Police Service (SAPS) and Special Task Force elements are armed appropriately with Vektor R5 rifles when they engage the Hulk, who has been driven mad by the Scarlet Witch’s spell.
+The R5 is a short carbine version of the 5.56 NATO Galil SAR that is licensed and manufactured in South Africa as the Vektor. The barrel and gas system are about 5 inches shorter with an appropriately shorter handguard than the R4, and its flash suppressor does not support rifle grenades like the R4 does.
+The fictional Sokovian police appear to be using the Browning Hi-Power as their standard sidearm. For long guns, the police in Sokovia use AKMS rifles. The AKMS is the main variant of the AKM. The extra S is for “Skladnoy” or “folding.” As you can guess, it is equipped with an under-folding metal shoulder stock instead of the AKM’s fixed wooden stock.
+The stock is different from previous AKS-47 models with a different locking mechanism, which locks both support arms instead of just one. It’s also made of riveted steel pressings instead of the milled versions found on most AKS-47s.
+With all its globe trotting, Age of Ultron showcases a number of local police officers. Over in South Korea, the officers in the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency are seen with Smith & Wesson Model 586 revolvers as their sidearms.
+The Model 586 is a .357 Magnum revolver that comes with either a six- or seven-shot cylinder. Its the same as the Model 686, only with a carbon steel construction with a blued or nickel finish instead of the stainless construction of the Model 686.
+Ulysses Klaue – Beretta 90Two Pistol
+The slimy South African arms dealer Ulysses Klaue (Andy Serkis) carries an interesting sidearm: a Beretta 90Two, which we see disassembled on a table and also in Klaue’s grip during a confrontation at the salvage yard.
+The Beretta 90Two was released in 2006 by the Italian gunmaker as an enhanced version of the popular Beretta 92 9mm series of pistols, which was adopted by the U.S. military as the M9 in 1985.
+The 90Two was made in 9mm, 9mm IMI, and .40 S&W chamberings before it was replaced in the company’s lineup with the 92A1 and 96A1.
+The 90Two is quite different in appearance from the 92 models. It has an ergonomically enhances design with a “technopolymer” interchangeable wrap-around style grip that allows the user to modify its contours for either large or small hands.
+The pistol includes an accessory rail with a dustcover option that allows for the attachment of various light and laser accessories. The frame is a light allow and the slide and barrel are steel.
+The slide is a modified design with all the rough edges of the 92 models smoothed out for a more snag-free design, making it easier to use for concealed carry and in open-carry holsters. The dustcover, which protects the accessory rail when not in use, gives it a distinctive silhouette.
+Magazines were available in 10-round single stack or 15- or 17-round double stack in 9mm.
+AVENGERS: INFINITY WARS (2018)
+Winter Soldier – Bucky Barnes – M249 Paratrooper SAW
+There aren’t many conventional firearms in this galactic-scale installment of the Avengers series within the MCU. But Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan) uses what he knows how to use instead of some kind of futuristic laser gun.
+During the main battle in Wakanda at the conclusion of the Infinity Wars, Barnes arms us with a customized M249 SAW Paratrooper machine gun fitted with a SureFire 100-round casket box magazine.
+The gun is identical to the one used by Barnes during the climax of Captain America: Civil War, and could potentially be the very same firearm.
+The M249 is now classified as a “light machine gun” whereas it was formerly known as a “Squad Automatic Weapon” or SAW. It is the American version of the 5.56 NATO Belgian FN Minimi.
+The SAW was introduced in 1984 to provide infantry squads with a high-rate-of-fire machine gun that had the accuracy and portability of a rifle. The paratrooper model has a collapsible buttstock to make it easier and more compact to jump with.
+The M249 is gas operated and air-cooled with a quick-change barrel and a folding bipod. It can be fed from both linked ammunition belts, or STANAG magazines like those used in the M16 or M4, or like the 100-round mag Barnes uses in the movie. most uses.
+The M249 largely replaced the 7.62 NATO M60 machine gun, which was also intended to be carried with troops to provide heavy automatic fire. It saw heavy service in the Vietnam War, but it was heavy, prone to malfunction after extended use, and required a crew of at least two to operate efficiently. The M249 was designed to be operated by one person and was much easier to carry than the M60.
+Falcon – Sam Wilson – Dual Steyr SPP
+One of the few other characters in Infinity Wars who relies on conventional firearms is Falcon / Sam Wilson (Anthony Mackie). While flying around on his winged glider pack, he uses the same dual Steyr SPP submachine guns as his main weapons that he has used since he was introduced in the Captain America series.
+The Steyr TMP (Tactical Machine Pistol) is a select fire 9mm machine pistol made by Steyr Mannlicher of Austria. The gun uses 15-, 20-, or 30-round box magazines. It can also accept a suppressor.
+Steyr sold the design in 2001 to Brügger & Thomet, who developed it into the Brügger & Thomet MP9.
+The Steyr SPP (Special Purpose Pistol) used by Falcon is a semi-auto version of the TMP constructed mostly of Polyamide 66. The SPP has a longer barrel and barrel jacket and the forward pistol grip was removed. Though its the semi-auto version, it is depicted as firing in full auto from never-ending magazines in the movie.
+Avengers: Endgame (2019)
+The new, and likely final, Avengers movie hits theaters this week. We haven’t seen much from the trailers in the way of guns, but at the very least, Natasha Romanov (one of the characters not victim to Thanos’ finger snap in Infinity Wars is back in Endgame with her signature Glock 26 pistol. In the earliest trailer, we saw her taking in some target practice, presumably at the Avengers HQ.
+Once we’ve had a chance to see more of the movie, we’ll have more guns for you from Avengers: Endgame, in theaters Friday.
+.
+Then I write on the top with Sharpie what room the bin is for, and then use my Dymo to label the sides so I don't have to unstack everything to get what I!
+Ew, pick me, pick me!
+I love that you're an organizational freak like me.
+ok you are so organized next year I'll put stuff away according to rooms and label it like you do...:)
+Love your blog. I'd love to see more kitchen ideas (having some blah issues in mine).
+congrats on your 100th post!
+i'm working on getting that organized, I have good ideas but they don't always materialize? love all the cute bargain stuff..
+Love, love, love your blog. Congrats. I too pack up Christmas according to room. Love the skinny Christmas tree. Good deals everywhere.
+Congrats on Post #100! And don't you love seeing 70%, 80% off! I picked up some stuff at Michaels today too. I've never heard of Flower Factory, but just the name sounds fun!
+Congratulations on 100!
+I am working on a post about after-Christmas finds, too! But I haven't hit Hobby Lobby, yet. hmm. Thanks for all of the organization ideas! I need all of the help I can get in that department!
+Very cool and cute! :)
+Love your pack it up tips.
+Congrats on your 100th post. I love all of your bargain. I use Christmas totes of red & green, too. For Holloween I use orange and black. I love them.
+I just found your blog, through my mom :) I LOVE all your ideas, and already have plans to start several of them! I would love to win your giveaway. Look forward to more great ideas from you. I am so jealous that we don't live near a Flower Factory! Great finds!! :)
+Congrats on your 100th post! You got so many awesome things. I didn't really find anything when I went after Christmas shopping this year.
+Great finds! I took pics one year, and the following year wanted to change it all around!! I label bins...that's about it.
+By the way...you crack me up!! Fun sense of humor!! Thanks for that!
+Blessings,
+Becky
+I should have organized my packing back up better, but I just wanted it down. Maybe next year. Congrats on your 100th post.
+Oh, my , gosh! I rememebr when you first showed that. LOVE! LOve. LOve!
+I soooo hope I win.
+And btw-Santa DOES rock!
+Great finds! I wish I had that store near me. :)
+Too cute! I would love it! I miss so many stores back East!
+Ok, ditto to Leigh!!! Congrats on your 100th post, girl! Santa & you BOTH ROCK!!! I'm so impressed w/ your packing job! I haven't unpacked a thing - and of course bought more for next year. Silly me! Good thing we don't have that flower store here! I bought those same chargers at Target! Woo-hoo! Walmart has silver ones at 75%! Happy New Year!
+It is always sad to see the Christmas decor go, but I look forward to the next year. I love the carafe!
+CONGRATS on you 100th post, friend!!! What a milestone. You got some awesome deals on some great stuff. I just can't seem to get enough of Christmas this year, so I LOVE that people (besides me) are still posting about it! Your packing of the bins is nothing less than inspirational. I remember the days when I was obsessively organized like that... I miss those days. Thanks for inpsiring me to do better in 2009!
+xoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxoxo ~ Amanda
+Yay 100 posts! Congratulations! I only recently happened upon your blog and I already love it! It is nice to know that there are other super organized women out there! I have really been into decorating, but get discouraged at how expensive it can be. Thanks for all your tips and ideas!
+We have a flower factory near us, and now I'm moving...BOO..but I'll be back!! I can't wait for your organizational stuff!!
+Congrats on 100 posts! Love all of your after Christmas Sale finds! I believe I would have skipped out of Michaels as well if I had come across a deal like that! :)
+Congratulations on 100 posts! I hope I win - too cute. I like your tips and share some of the same philosophies. I will be posting my tips hopefully this week!
+Oh fun, pick me! Your blog makes me do something I said I wasn't going to do-set a New Year's Resolution-I want to be more organized and seek bargains, like you! Thanks for being an inspiration and for all your ideas!!
+love your blog!! congrats on 100 post. keep it up.
+Yay for fun bargains!
+Congrats on your 100th post!!
+Yes, we have a Flower Factory near us. Don't you just LOVE it???? I sure do~!
+Blessings,
+Sher
+Love this! Just found your blog the other day and I think it's fantastic!
+Santa Rocks!
+Happy 100! I love your blog... I've had you in my blogroll for awhile now!
+Can't wait to declutter with you!
+Hi and Happy new year to you. I have had my eyes on that Santa rocks carafe since the day you posted it on your blog....I am in on this giveaway....thanks a bunch. Congratulations on the 100th post....love your blog.
+Congrats on 100!!
+I like all of your ideas for packing up Christmas decor! I do something very similar with my own stuff. I, too, enjoy the after Christmas sales and love finding treasures that I can use year round! Whoo hoo!
+The skinny tree is so cute! Great buy!
+Congrats on the 100 posts! When I saw this carafe I so much thought of one of my friends who used to always say "That Rocks!"
+I could just cry in my need for that carafe.. it is so perfect it its white, santa, christmas, glory... please pick me and your carafe will have a place of honor in its new, loving, christmasy home...
+Big YAY on the 100th post..... I'm thirsty for some milk, now where did that milk bottle go to? Hmmm, oh that's right, I'm waiting for you to pick me and mail it my way... lol
+Di
+The Blue Ridge Gal
+Hi, You are the thrifty queen of decor. Would love to win! Cant wait to see what you have for Valentine's coming up! Peggy
+love u r site!! Congrats on the great finds! I'm totally jealous!!!! Count me in 4 the give away!!
+We don't have a Flower Factory near us...boo! But love all your cute thrifty finds which will be so fun to unpack next year and incorporate into your decor! I am inspired by your blog. I'm not an organized person so I will be following closely! Thanks!
+Happy 100 posts!!!!!!
+I have know idea what a Flower Factory is, must be regional. We have nothing like that up here...well Home Goods which I stalk, religiously.
+Here's to 100 more!
+Love the organizational tips. I have never heard of this store. I guess we do not have those nearby. Have a great week.
+Lorri
+Woohoo! Congrats on your 100th post. I'm so glad you started blogging...it has made a difference in my life!
+congrats! yay for you on your 100th post.
+have a wonderful new year.
+Girl, you are so organized! We could be best friends. I love me a sharpie & my dymo! You are the best bargain hunter out there. Wished I lived near you and we could scout them all out:) Have a good Sunday.
+I sooooo wish we had a Hooby Lobby here - who can I write to "lobby" for one????
+Count me in!!
+Yeah for your 100th post!! I just moved back to the east coast and am so happy to be near Hobby Lobby again. I think I have already made four or five stops there in just the last two and a half weeks.
+jCongrats on your 100th post! I love the precious caraf and all your decorating ideas! Looking forward to following yhou in 2009.
+Pick me! Pick me!
+Congrats on your 100th post! And you got some killer deals! Can you believe that I haven't gone on the hunt for after Christmas bargains this year? The horrors!
+Yea 100!!!!!!!!
+And what a wonderful 100 post it has been. Lots of great inspiration and great ideas!!
+Cant wait to see the next 100. :)
+Thank you for all the wonderful ideas. Here's to 100 more posts!
+i just found your blg, and am so happy i did!!
+Oh, we aren't just suppose to throw our christmas stuff in the attic closet, unpacked and ready to untangle next year? I suck at organizing, but maybe I will make amends and try to sort it out ahead of next christmas!
+Would love to win your giveaway as I am sure everyone else is hoping!
+Can't wait to see what you come up with this year...I need some inspiration!
+Bargains AND label based organization... you are a girl after my own heart!
+But seriously, I may have to stop reading blogs from other parts of the country. You guys have such cool crafty stores that we don't have. If I see one more cool find from Hobby Lobby, I may cry!
+Congrats on post #100!
+Congratulations on post #100! Great job!!
+Santa DOES rock! Love your blog!
+How Darling! Your post has inspired me...thanks so much!
+Great finds! I love the after Christmas sales.
+I have a DYMO also and labeled all the bins that we filled with new Christmas toys.
+Great 100th post! A gal after my own heart. I love organizing things and bargains! The carafe is adorable. I'd love to win this to add to our Christmas decorations. Thanks.
+What a cute carafe. We don't have a Flower Factory here in Southern Oregon. Those are super cute finds though! Thanks for the giveaway!
+You came all the way to my side of town and didn't stop by to say hi? :o) I'm glad you like our Flower Factory!
+So cute!!!! I'd love to win it!!!
+"very nearly skipped?" whatever. We ALL know that you totally did....and why shouldn't you, I say. And seriously, that carafe would look so sexy on my kitchen window ledge. And what girl doesn't need a little sexy in the kitchen. Just sayin'.
+Congrats on your 100th post! I love looking at your blog for inspiration.
+Santa Rocks!!! And so do you - congratulations and happy new year!
+Happy 100th post! Love all the great ideas you have to share. The santa carafe is the cutest.
+You made it to 100! Good for you! I like the caraffe! So sign me up. Your little tree is a steal. Can't wait to see it next year!
+I love your site - all your finds are so inspiring!
+I love your ideas, I have done a few things here and there to my house. I have painted things black, and what a diffrence. Happy 100! -Vickie
+You are so creative. I love ALL of your ideas!
+Happy 100th post.
+tooo cute! love the "santa rocks", congratulations on the 100th post. Great idea on organization by room.
+Santa does rock...and so does your blog! Love it! Happy 100th!!
+I've never heard of Flower Factory, but it sounds great!! This bottle is So Cute!!!
+I love my Hobby Lobby plate chargers. I was a a sucker and paid the $2. I got silver and red ones.
+Congratulations on 100 posts!
+I just found your blog and LOVE your ideas!! Your chocolate bath even convienced my husband that ours would look cute like that. THANKS!!
+Nice giveaway! Thanks!
+Kristin
+Greenfrogs21@aol.com
+Hurray for your 100th post! Your deals are amazing... and Santa Rocks is too cute.
+can't wait to see what you do this year! Happy New Year,
+LuLu
+I would do an absolute happy dance if I won that sweet little carafe. It is absoultely adorable and you are a total peach for offering it up in a giveaway.
+So, I can't wait for Jan 12th! I'm already planning my posts. I can't wait! I love love love organization stuff/ideas/how-to's/books/seminars..... I can't wait!
+And thanks for the tips on taking down the decorations. I'm new to all of this so I need any and all of the best ideas that I can get. Thanks!!
+You find some of the most adorable stuff! I love how you make even cheap "crap" look nice - oh, I have much to learn Master.
+Signed,
+Your humble padawan
+I have so much stuff both at home and at my job as an art teacher. I have grown to love ziplock bags too. They are a wonderful invention!
+Happy 100th post!
+Woo Hoo!
+Hi Sarah ~ You found some good deals...I've been going to Hobby Lobby and Michael's alot since Christmas and got some really good deals too!
+Congrats on 100 posts!
+Hugz,
+Michele
+Congrats on your 100th post! I'm LOVING your blog!!! I'll be back...often! ;) Love, love, LOVE your organizational tips - I'm taking down Christmas decor today - gonna use the baggie method! ;)
+Love your blog--congrats on your 100th post!
+You really got some great end of the year deals...way to go girl!
+How fun!! This would look so great for next year!!
+I'm all about organization this year!!!
+Congrats on 100! I will start packing up Christmas tomorrow. My house always looks nek-kid when I get done. Very sad!
+You got really cute stuff at all those after Christmas sales!
+I totally re-organized my Christmas decorations when I put them away this week. I didn't do it by room because I always mix things up but I did it by categories that made sense to me - like all my sparkly glittery things togethere, all the red together, all the santas together, etc.
+I'm all about organizing the next few months so I can't wait for Jan. 12th! It'll be great motivation!
+Manuela
+This is the first year it dawned on me to put away the Christmas stuff by room. Duh! Oh how I love your blog and can't wait to see what news ideas you have for us!
+I wish I knew about how you did the packing up before I had already packed mine up! I will have to remember next year.
+Congrats on your 100th post! I need to do the same as you for organizing your Christmas stuff.
+Your are as much of an organizing freak as I am. I thought I was the only crazy person who vacuumed out the totes before refilling them!
+We have a Flower Factory about 30 minutes away from us that I love, but go to rarely.
+This comment has been removed by the author.
+I love your blog and your tips and ideas. I'm thinking about making some of your window treatments for our kitchen. Wish me luck!
+Congrats on your 100th post! You've been a busy girl. Those look like some stellar bargains.
+Congratulations on your 100th post! Love your blog!
+this is fun! I pack 1 room @ a time too!
+I LOVE that "All I want for Christmas" sign! And, I am not just saying that to enter the giveaway. I like your organizational style too! I need to get my stuff WAY more organized!
+Congrats on 100, it's amazing how fast those posts rack up!! You are very organized with packing your decorations away. I just have 5 totes, dump it all in and the next year start putting it out. It rarely ends up in the same places, plus I try to weed out each year b/c I'm always getting new things.
+Congrats on 100 posts! Can't believe you've only been doing this such a short time - your blog is great!
+OMG! Love all of the unbelieveable deals you got!!!!!! Getting great deals is the excitment of shopping, I don't even want it if it is full price!
+Count me in on the Santa Rocks!
+This post made me giddy! I LOVE good deals! Everything looks great!
+Congrats!! I thought for sure you had been doing it much longer. Love your blog. I am working on your window treatments this week for my girls' room. Thanks again!
+Congrats on 100 posts! I love how you pack everything away for next Christmas! Very Efficient! Happy New Year!
+great finds, and congrats on your 100th! I hope I can win the carafe! It is sooooo cute!
+I would love to win! You are my inspiration for my home.
+Brenda
+Well, count me in too! I got my Christmas bins organized this year too & put labels on them. YAY!
+I'd still love to see your laundryroom if you can tell me where it's hiding. Loved that pic I saw of the lime green.
+Great finds! So fun! I would love to enter your giveaway!!! Happy 100! Here's to 100 more! ;) I love the Santa sign and am so jealous you found those glittery signs at the dollar tree. I went back after Christmas and they didn't have any. :(
+Congrats on your 100th post!!!
+Congratulations on your 100th post. Did you see you won my give away? I emailed you. Email me at blamb@imt.net and I will get your goodies in the mail. I thought it was fun that you won--kind of like you won something for your 100th post.
+Put my name in the hat please. I absolutely love your wonderful blog!! laurie
+I love your blog, and congrats on 100 posts and the great deal on the tree! I love the All I want for Christmas sign! it is super cute. I just posted on how to redo frames to make them look shabby chic and it was super cheap! just a little spray paint and some glaze, and something fabulous! I hope I win the vase! Thanks
+I love your blog! Thank you for your time!
+Alice
+Congrats on 100 posts! Your blog is definitely one of my favorites. I love that you so many things from the Dollar Tree. I am not ashamed to tell you that I run out to my local Dollar Tree and copy you quite frequently! Cheers!
+L.O.V.E that you're over the top with your organization! I am too, so naturally, your blog makes me happy! Can't wait for January 12th!
+I wish I was that organized. Maybe with time, you have inspired me.
+Hi. Congrats on 100 blogs. Please enter me in the contest.
+Come over and see the award
+I gave you!
+Congrats! 100 posts...and all so much fun. Thanks for sharing your fabulous ideas!
+i wish i was just a little organized like you ...even a little .. congrats on 1-- posts ..
+very cute! I am an organizer too. I have my kitchen cabinets labeled inside so my husband, kids, mother and mother in law know where to find things :)
+Would love my name in the hat as well!
+Congrats on the 100th post! Your blog is my new favorite place to be yay!
+Wow 100 posts! Congrats. I also found myself being more particular about how I was packing things. I miss everything but it is great to have clean slate to work with.
+What a great giveaway!
+I love your "cheap" finds.
+I'm in!!! Don't ya just love those after Christmas sales!! The best!
+So fun! Love the blog - congratulations on your 100th post!
+Congratulations on your 100th post!
+Shannon
+I really need to go shopping with you! :)
+super cute!! I love it!!!
+I will definitely be around for the next hundred, I love your blog! I have those same gold chargers and I love them too! Great tips, thanks for sharing!
+Oh, please enter my name in your giveaway! I'd love to win!!! Great finds, by the way!
+Count me in too!
+I love your Christmas organziation idea. I just posted about how I did mine but I like the room by room method that you do better! I have the goal of going through all of my stuff next year and think I am going to change it. Thanks for sharing!
+Also, just wanted to mention how much I LOVE your blog!! In fact, you have inspired me for one of my New Year's resolutions!
+As I was driving to work today I was thinking about your declutter segment you are going to do. I am super excited about it and can't wait to get started!!
+Happy 100!
+I lOOOOOvvveeeeE everything you got! Way cute!
+Smiles,
+Jen
+Congrats on 100 posts!
+100?!! Woo Hoo! Congrats Sarah! By the way, I love your darling thrify finds, and I can't believe how stinkin' organized you are. Impressive I tell you.
+"Hob Lob". Haha!! Too funny.
+Congrats on 100 posts!! (I'm creeping up on 1000! ACK!!)
+I'm totally with you on finding things you can use year round in the holiday clearance. I LOVE that!
+Please enter me. :)
+love your blog! You're a very clever, creative woman. Love it!
+Gosh you lucky girl....I don't see things like that around where I live...to small. But gotta be happy for you to find all the goodies!
+Add me to your giveaway! So cute....
+Yep I love packing like you do...I did the same way.
+Wow are you organized..I would love to be that way! I love the santa rocks carafe by the way along with all of the other great finds!
+Very cute! I have never heard of the flour thing?? Hmm might have to check that out. THanks
+Aloha from Hawaii Sarah...I love your blog! Thanks for sharing your "thrifty" ideas and decor. Im on a budget so I definitely will be checking out your blog a lot. When you have a few minutes visit my blog. Meanwhile, have a blessed day and God Bless..~ Liz
+had to share the great deal I found this weekend, St. Nicholas Christmas dishes 4 place settings originally $129 I paid $24, on the hung for another set at another Kohls and if not can mix them with solid red dishes, garland at Michael's that I wanted soooooooooo bad for this year but it was $10 each, got it for $1.25 each bought 6.....I'm soooooo proud!
+Hey girl...where have you been all my bloggin days....just found you! What a great blog.....I would love to be entered for the awsome Santa Rocks !!!! If it isn't too late!!!!!! Glad I found you!
+Love that cute little kitchen tree!
+Love the Santa Rocks jug. I saw one this weekend, but was too cheap to buy it ...even at half off. It was close to $40 originally!!!!!!!!!
+I love the santa rocks so cute
+I love this blog I am excited when I see it on my blog reader with a new post. Thanks
+When you said Flower Factory I was thinking floweres at wholesale prices. I've never heard of it. but it looks like acool store. I want one! It's probably best this way anyway. Put me in for your giveaway!
+Congrats on 100!! Woot!
+I have never heard of the flower factory, but it looks like trouble :)
+Happy Belated New Year!
+In the First Book of Kings (5:1-5) Hiram, King of Tyre, sends servants to Solomon, ‘for he had heard, that they had anointed him king in the room of his father,’ David: any evil plague. And behold, I am determined to build an house unto the name of the Lord my God, as the Lord spake unto David my father.
+This passage is very close indeed to the translation in the Matthew Bible of 1537 (by William Tyndale) and there are just two differences from the King James Bible of 1611 (‘evil occurrent’ in place of ‘any evil plague’; ‘purpose’ for ‘am determined’). But this version is from the Great Bible of 1539-40, ‘the Bible appointed to the use of the churches’, famous for its title-page showing Henry VIII enthroned handing the word of God to his subjects, who are set out below, dutiful and obedient. Unencumbered by priests or pope, the king is the recipient of divine favour. Resolute in his duty to lead his people in the true religion, he is no different from any Old Testament monarch.
+The two greatest kings of Israel were models for Henry’s own imperial kingship. David fought bloody wars: ‘Saul hath slain his thousand, and David his ten thousands’ (1 Samuel 18:7). Solomon built the Temple. Henry did both. God put Henry’s enemies under the soles of his feet and Providence led him to recover the true Church of England, freeing his kingdom and subjects from the popish yoke. Or so Henry believed, always the superlative consumer of his own propaganda.
+Whether Henry’s subjects shared his affection for war is, as Steven Gunn’s book shows, less certain. War was, however, central to the English experience, both in the practical sense that armies were sent frequently into battle, but also in the more amorphous sense that national identity was shaped by the memory of the Hundred Years War. Henry was highly conscious of the military achievements of his ancestors, especially Henry V, in France. He itched to fight, even in obese middle age: he had a huge suit of armour made for himself in the year the Great Bible was published, engineered to contain a royal waistline of 54 inches.
+The costs of war were immense. The French campaign of 1513-14 consumed a million pounds, equivalent to ten years’ worth of ordinary revenue. (It’s impossible to calculate modern equivalents for sums like these with any precision, but a rough rule is to multiply by a thousand.) Military costs between 1539 and 1552 came to £3.5 million, a million of which was spent on campaigns in Scotland, £1.3 million ‘on getting and keeping Boulogne’. Henry felt deeply the importance of holding on to his possessions in France, but he was also the master of war on multiple fronts, as he had to be thanks to the dizzying succession of treaties of offence and defence between Europe’s powers. Henry’s first effort to flex his muscles in France, in 1513, saw him lead an army of something like 28,000 men joined in France by around seven thousand German and Dutch mercenaries. At the same time a force of more than 26,000 marched north at speed to meet King James IV’s army in Northumberland for the slaughter of Flodden. There was campaigning on a similar scale in 1522, 1544 and 1545. Even the huge windfall delivered by the dissolution of the monasteries wasn’t enough to cover all the bills. His subjects frequently bore the burden in the form of higher taxation.
+Gunn describes the ways England was primed for war. Parishes and towns kept stores of armour and weapons and raised troops. Coastal works – bulwarks, beacons and bastions – provided a line of defence against invasion. Strategically important towns like Southampton possessed considerable firepower: ‘Thomas with the Beard’, a gun of somewhere between six hundred and one thousand pounds, had been in the town’s arsenal since at least 1468. The government kept an eye on the number of horses suitable for military service that were available throughout the kingdom. Men, landowners in particular, were expected to hold weapons and to have them ready. The king had no standing army, and his permanent military establishment was tiny. Every able-bodied man was to fight if needed.
+Early Tudor Englishmen liked military kit, even if they weren’t so keen on actually using it. Increasingly sophisticated guns became popular, as did armour, from the inexpensive almain rivet (plate armour manufactured in southern Germany) to the handsome gilded Greenwich armour favoured by the elite. As well as status and masculinity the habiliments of war reflected regional identity. When mustered, the men of West Cornwall turned up with slings, those of North Wales with clubs and those of South Wales with long spears. Turning out on parade, taking part in civic watches, or, later in the century, drilling with trained bands, was as much as many, particularly those of a higher class, were willing to do. In a society where the obligations and prestige of military service still mattered, the grubby business of killing and dying was increasingly left to the lower classes.
+Mass killing did not come naturally. Violence in early Tudor society was purposive and proportionate. Talk could be robust, action in response less so: in an everyday argument the threat to stab an opponent was more likely to result in a shove, a trip or a beard-pull. It took serious effort to persuade men that it was right to kill perfect strangers. Soldiers were called to battle by preachers and generals who spoke in the name of God and the king. The murder of his majesty’s enemies was sanctioned by his authority.
+For all the evidence we have of atrocities – the English were known to be fond of burning great swathes of enemy countryside, and some men served as mercenaries and adventurers in the hope of plunder – farm labourers and yeomen, unused to the realities of war, could easily panic under fire, and desertion and mutiny were common. In 1523 one body of troops in an English army chanted ‘Home, Home’ while another chanted in response: ‘Hang, Hang’.
+In Henry V (1599) Shakespeare gently satirises the military specialists of his day, gentlemen who bear the title of captain and lead troops in Ireland, the Low Countries and France. Captain Macmorris of Ireland has, in the opinion of Captain Fluellen of Wales, ‘no more directions in the true disciplines of the wars’ than a puppy. Captain Jamey of Scotland he holds in higher regard: ‘a marvellous falorous gentleman … and of great expedition and knowledge in th’anciant wars … in the disciplines of the pristine wars of the Romans’. The English weren’t great theoreticians of war, though translations of Caesar and Machiavelli were printed in Elizabeth I’s reign. Arthur Golding, the translator of Gallic War (1565), made a robust statement of the English crown’s rightful claim to the kingdom of France, the central assumption underlying Henry’s campaigns; while Peter Whitehorne offered The Art of War (1560) ‘for the universall delight of all studious gentlemen’. Noblemen, by tradition leaders in war, were often made gifts of classic texts by their scholarly translators and editors: Vegetius for the Earl of Bedford, Sallust and Onosander for two Dukes of Norfolk, a life of Scipio Africanus for the Earl of Pembroke.
+War was still the business of the landed elite, who were expected to raise and supply the troops the king needed to go on campaign. But times were changing, and Gunn plots Henry’s reign on a trajectory of military development that was probably fairly obvious even to contemporaries. Gone, pretty much, were the medieval noble retinues. Commissions of array, whereby contingents of men were levied by county, came to replace the old feudal levy. Conscription, however, led to rumblings of dissatisfaction, especially when men tied by tradition to their localities and by necessity to their fields were sent abroad to fight. Military leadership and direction was increasingly subcontracted to professionals.
+With this came social change, slight but noticeable in a society highly sensitive to even tiny movements in social rank. Coats of arms, whose origins are reflected in the name, began to have less to do with military service and distinction and more to do with claims to gentility. The English social elite was changing, its boundaries more fluid than before. Younger sons of landed families were taking up arms as a means of making a living, while advancement might follow on military distinction: there were substantial increases (in 1514 and 1544-47 especially) in the numbers of knighthoods granted during the king’s campaigns. Honour, military service and social standing were still linked, but not in the same ways they once were.
+Even the greatest noblemen felt – and knew they should feel – the discomforts of campaigning. One royal commissioner, William Body, who complained about his lodgings was put very firmly in his place by Lord Leonard Grey: ‘I saide,’ Grey reported, ‘I was sure he sholde never be so good, as the Dukes of Norfoke, and Suffolke, and my lorde my brother [the Marquess of Dorset], whom I had seen lodged wors.’ Those in command exhibited many qualities. Grey was praised as ‘a stirrer abroode, and no sleaper in the morning’. Lord Clinton led from the front, ‘greatly beloved among all ranks’, playing ‘his part like a brave and noble captain by risking his life among his soldiers … courteously thanking and rewarding generously those soldiers who did any brave deeds … while courteously rebuking those who were to blame’. (One wonders what a courteous rebuke in the middle of a battle sounded like.) Other commanders beat and bullied their soldiers into action.
+The number of soldiers who died in combat was, so far as the evidence can tell us, surprisingly low. Sieges were risky and so was service in Ireland, at Boulogne in the 1540s, and against rebels. Disease was the biggest killer, either in the form of epidemics of plague and sickness, or as the result of wounds or accidents; here the reader benefits from Gunn’s cheerfully unrivalled knowledge of the causes of accidental death in Tudor England (the subject of his next book). Most soldiers made it home, but they were often returning to a life of poverty and vagrancy. For the elite, however, there was room for the celebration of military heroism. Wounds were for some a permanent mark of honour. Those suffered by Sir William Godolphin, injured at Boulogne, were ‘no less to the beautifying of his fame, than the disfiguring of his face’. Successful captains gave their names to bulwarks and defences; victories and honours were celebrated in tomb inscriptions, maps and paintings, even in gardens. Sir Richard Bulkeley seems to have had the ash trees on his estate on Anglesey planted in the formation taken by the English army at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, near Edinburgh, in 1547.
+Gunn shows us that war in the age of Henry VIII forced change. The levels of mobilisation required by the king’s campaigns, especially the huge armies he gathered for France in 1544 and 1545, meant that the creaking system of military infrastructure, insofar as one existed, had to adapt. But the king’s need for martial glory outweighed everything else. There were bonfires, bells and prayers to ‘the gret God of batells’. Everyone knew they were meant to ‘cry God for Harry, England and St George’. Unfortunately there was also a nagging feeling that wars were destructive of the common good and prosperity. ‘The world is dead and [it is] hard to come by money as ever it was in any man’s days alive,’ one estate official, Peter Collys, wrote in 1513: ‘This busy world of war that setteth men’s hearts away clean so that it maketh the world as dead as ever it was for selling of anything.’ By 1552 the exchequer of Edward VI, Henry’s son and successor, was empty. Edward’s secretary was told that they had ‘spent out all our riches, and destroyed a great number of subjects’, leaving the kingdom’s wealth on the battlefields of Western Europe, ‘to the utter destruction of our realm’. Henry’s successors hadn’t the means – or in the case of Elizabeth, the inclination – to fight abroad for glory. This was not what Solomon inherited from David.
+Henry always had a competitive eye on Francis I of France and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, against whom he measured the potency of his kingship. In peace Henry trained for war in tournaments and combats. Even celebrations of peace, as at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520, when Henry met Francis, were simply war and dynastic competition by other means – a pause for breath, a moment to make sense of the enemy. In the following decades enemies changed, as did the reasons for engaging them. The defence of international Protestantism became a more significant strategic focus than any attempt to relive the glories of the Hundred Years War. Later wars were fought reluctantly, out of perceived necessity.
+The legacy of Henry’s wars was a peculiarly mixed one. Probably it was as well to make a virtue out of the unavoidable. Peter Whitehorne, introducing Machiavelli, put it neatly: ‘No one thing [is held] to be more profitable, necessary, or more honourable, than the knowledge of service in war, and deeds of arms: because considering the ambition of the world, it is impossible for any realm or dominion, long to continue free in quietness and safeguard, where the defence of the sword is not always in a readiness.’
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+On August 25, 2017, an undergraduate student at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln set up a table in the plaza in front of the student union in order to promote the right-wing organization Turning Point USA (TPUSA). She hoped to persuade other students to join her in establishing a TPUSA chapter on UNL’s campus. A graduate student and part-time lecturer named Courtney Lawton saw the table, and though she did not recognize the person behind it, she did recognize TPUSA as the group that had been targeting faculty members through its McCarthyite Professor Watchlist and had sponsored racist events on other campuses, such as “affirmative action bake sales.” Lawton decided to protest TPUSA, and she extended her protest to the undergraduate herself, profanely objecting to both. The undergraduate filmed the protest on her phone and then sent the video to TPUSA, which shared it with allied right-wing media outlets such as Campus Watch and Campus Reform. These groups encouraged viewers to call the university and demand that Lawton be dismissed from her teaching position.
+This scenario, and the uproar that followed it, conformed to a pattern now familiar at institutions across the country. Although the precipitating incident varies—from public research to tweets to class assignments—once the incident is framed and promoted by a tightly coordinated set of national right-wing media outlets, the flood of harassment begins. The targeted faculty member is inundated with calls and messages ranging from polite expressions of dismay to vicious threats of violence against the individual and his or her family. Demands for punitive action against the faculty member are sent to every level of the administration. As it has become increasingly apparent that such attacks are unlikely to cease anytime soon, administrators and faculty members across the country have been confronted with the challenge of deciding how to respond.
+UNL and University of Nebraska system administrators exemplified the uncertainty that many of their counterparts across the United States have shown when faced with this situation. Under not only national but also local political pressure, University of Nebraska system president Hank Bounds initially condemned Lawton’s protest on his Twitter account, then joined UNL chancellor Ronnie Green in penning a spirited defense of free speech and academic freedom published in the local paper. Ultimately, they suspended Lawton from her teaching duties for the spring semester (after having already removed her from the classroom for the fall, citing security concerns). The AAUP censured UNL’s administration in 2018 for its handling of Lawton’s case.
+The administration’s earlier waffling response to political pressure was surely part of the calculation made this past fall by Reyn Archer, chief of staff to US Representative Jeff Fortenberry (NE-1), when he contacted the chancellor, the dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, and the chair of the political science department to complain about Ari Kohen, an associate professor of political science at UNL. Kohen was among the dozens of individuals who had “liked” a photo of a vandalized Fortenberry campaign sign—with added googly eyes and the name changed to “Fartenberry”—on Facebook. In the course of Kohen’s subsequent conversation with Archer, which Kohen recorded, the chief of staff appears to threaten Kohen with the kind of targeted online harassment described above. In this case, fortunately, the university declined to respond to the pressure, and Kohen’s recording of his conversation with Archer made national news.
+In its 2017 statement Targeted Online Harassment of Faculty, the AAUP condemned TPUSA’s Professor Watchlist, recommended that institutions develop policies forbidding the surreptitious recording of classroom discussions and advising meetings, and urged “administrations, governing boards, and faculties, individually and collectively, to speak out clearly and forcefully to defend academic freedom and to condemn targeted harassment and intimidation of faculty members.” Many administrators have in fact opted to speak out forcefully in favor of free speech and academic freedom, but they usually stop short of condemning the harassment and intimidation of faculty members and campus communities. American University professor Carolyn Gallagher, in her article “War on the Ivory Tower,” reviewed recent administrative responses to harassment and categorized them as “robust,” “weak,” or “muddled”; the majority of responses, she found, fell into the final category, in which “administrators offer a tepid defense of academic freedom, [and] grant due process, but only late in the game, or give different explanations to public and private audiences.” However, it is worth noting that even the robust response—wherein “a school defends the attacked professor’s academic freedom, offers due process if disciplinary action is being considered, and communicates the reasons for its decision to the professor and the wider public”—ignores the AAUP’s call to condemn the attacks and has usually been viewed as insufficient by the faculty member under attack. Targeted faculty members, some of whom have been attacked precisely for doing their jobs—publishing in their field or teaching its most up-to-date methodology and content—have called on campus leaders to go beyond merely defending their legal right to speak.
+That the faculty who have been attacked are disproportionately people of color, women, and those whose work treats race or gender is not a coincidence. US colleges and universities have made concerted efforts in recent decades to diversify the faculty ranks. Institutional commitments to diversity—which, to be clear, are often lofty ideals unsupported by practice—have caused significant and legitimate tension. The complex debates over campus speech codes and punishments for hate speech, and over procedures and evidentiary standards in cases of sexual harassment and assault, are symptomatic of the conflict that exists between the university’s educational mission and its commitments to free speech.
+On the one hand, colleges and universities have an interest in making speech protections as robust as possible. Academic freedom demands that faculty members must be able to explore even ideas that many find objectionable. Making rules against some ideas or forms of speech or punishing those who articulate objectionable ideas stifles or chills the academic environment and thus stunts a university’s ability to fulfill its research and teaching mission. On the other hand, as an educational institution, a university has the responsibility to create and maintain a learning environment in which all students can engage fully in their classes and in university life. Minority populations of all kinds are the most likely to be targeted for harassment or hate speech and therefore demand more robust protections in order to maintain a healthy learning environment. The question is how robustly to defend academic freedom while also maintaining an inclusive learning and working environment, particularly when female faculty and faculty of color are attacked.
+At UNL, the groups that led the attack were hostile not just to Courtney Lawton or to her home department of English but to the very idea of such an inclusive learning environment. The events of August 25, 2017, and their ongoing aftermath are precisely about what kind of higher education we want. When administrators respond to such attacks, they have a responsibility to protect both the right to free inquiry—inquiry free from political interference of any kind—and the right of all members of the educational community to an environment that allows them fully to participate in such inquiry. They should not cave in to demands from politicians and donors or make decisions on the basis of concerns about institutional reputation, for to do so is to create an institution where utilitarianism trumps intellectualism. An institution of higher learning—beginning at the top—must have the courage to speak out against organizations that seek to undermine the basic values of academic freedom and an inclusive learning environment.
+That is not to say that organizations such as TPUSA should be denied the right to speak. However, if an organization is predicated on hostility to the very foundations of higher education, then we must not be afraid to state that we do not agree with its views. After all, there is a fundamental difference between speech acts that are predicated on the desire to foster openness to others and those that are racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, fascist, or intolerant of religious difference and whose clearly intended goal is to foreclose discussion and inquiry. The relationship between these two kinds of speech acts is asymmetrical. It is our job, as educators and scholars, to stress that the difference between the two is in fact a crucial distinction. The best way to do this is by relentlessly rendering this difference visible—not by presenting the positions as equally valid expressions of different “sides” of a debate. The administrators of higher education institutions, which would not exist without students and educators, must do so as well.
+The best way to prepare students to negotiate the complexities of life after college is not by promoting a utilitarian vision of higher education but by enhancing their capacity to respond: to be affected by and to affect the world in which they live. Instead of closing ourselves off from myriad encounters with other people and their different experiences, traditions, attitudes, ways of being, and knowledge, we should foster our imaginative reasoning faculties in order to open ourselves to that which is unknown, or at least less known, to us.
+Crucially, however, such an ethical and political stance—we might call it “radical hospitality”—does not mean that such openness is or has to be unconditional. In other words, the welcoming of an other (a stranger, a foreigner), which necessarily involves the element of surprise that is constitutive of initial contact with the unknown, needs not be absolute. Indeed, as French philosopher Jacques Derrida compellingly argued, in every act of hospitality resides an element of necessary exclusion that results from the host’s exercise of sovereignty over his or her home. Hosting is a gesture that has to be made actively: we have to offer to host someone, whether for a minute or forever. We also have to be able, however, to deny someone entry to our home: in order to extend hospitality to others, we must be able to say no to a request, or demand, to enter our home. This ability to exclude is the constitutive possibility of hosting, of inclusiveness.
+The same principle of hospitality explains why we should not give in to the rhetoric of “both-sidesism.” As members of an institution of higher education, it decidedly is our business to challenge, and to invite the challenging, of every dogma, especially dogma that forecloses hospitality—actions and speech acts that are racist, sexist, homophobic, xenophobic, fascist, or intolerant of religious difference.
+No institution of higher education, of course, should prevent any of its members from speaking freely. But it is only the ideology of both-sidesism that believes it is not acceptable to push back against speech acts that in their dispositions are designed to exclude others. If colleges and universities themselves are not able to state definitively that they are committed not only to First Amendment principles and academic freedom but also to the defense of higher education as a space of inquiry and debate predicated on radical hospitality, they will remain unable to defend themselves and, however unwittingly, will participate in their own undoing. In this instance, only one side is correct, and we must insist that any speech act that is designed to undermine the foundational principles of higher education is not welcome. This, in turn, means that presidents, chancellors, deans, and chairs must exercise the right of the host to counterspeech.
+Last year, UNL failed to affirm that this dispositional difference matters and, consequently, failed to embrace the principle of radical hospitality. As a result, many teachers in the English department—especially our graduate students and lecturers, who often face the most challenging pedagogical situations while simultaneously enjoying the least protection—have gone about their business with anxiety and even fear for the last several semesters. To their credit, they kept going—and have done a wonderful job. The fact that our department has a strong mission statement may have helped them to do so. This mission statement—we call it “An Education in Imaginative Reasoning”—articulates a lucid framework for our work and thereby offers intellectual protection for our instructors when they dare to raise controversial social or political questions that emerge from the texts they teach. It also serves as the ground on which we are able to defend our colleagues when they are attacked.
+For example, our mission statement explicitly declares that the pursuit of social justice and the affirmation of diversity are part of the department’s core values and that each point of view or opinion is not equally valid—there should be no false equivalency between values that differ in kind. In other words, the mission statement defends radical hospitality as a bedrock value that, coupled with our insistence on the principles of academic freedom as defined by AAUP, means that all of our colleagues, no matter their rank, have freedom in the classroom. They are at liberty to explore whatever the course materials themselves offer up for conversation and analysis and, when appropriate, to explain their disagreement with student positions or speech acts, not only but especially when those exhibit an exclusionary disposition.
+Academic institutions and units should clearly state in public-facing statements their commitment to the principles of academic freedom and inclusion. They must embrace their position as host and, when confronted with organizations or speech acts that deny or undermine that position, embrace the responsibility of counterspeech that this position implies. When faculty or students are attacked, it is not enough to affirm their right to free speech or academic freedom. We must forcefully speak against the actions and positions of those who would seek to undermine our shared values as educators.
+Marco Abel is professor of English and film studies and chair of the Department of English at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He is the author, most recently, of The Counter-Cinema of the Berlin School. Julia Schleck is associate professor of English at UNL and a member of the AAUP’s Committee on College and University Governance. She is the author of Telling True Tales of Islamic Lands: Forms of Mediation in English Travel Writing, 1575-1630, and is currently working on a book on academic freedom for the series Provocations.
+David Schweickart (not verified)
+Thu, 02/14/2019 - 11:47am
+Permalink
+There's an excellent "This
+There's an excellent "This American Life" (NPR) episode about this event, broadcast last May, "My Effing First Amendment," well worth a listen.
+This is all part of a well-funded, concerted effort tosqueeze or eliminate liberal arts programs, and purge universities of progressive thought. There is major concern in powerful circles about the political views of young people these days.
+Add new comment
+Fun Facts
+Fun Facts
+Batman
+Trivia
+AKA:
+1989
+Kim Basinger stars as Vicky Vale
+Trivia, fun facts and more for the 1989
+Action / Adventure
+movie starring
+Michael Keaton
+,
+Jack Nicholson
+,
+Kim Basinger
+et al.
+Contributed by: Christian
+Batman giving up guns in the early days of the strip was not entirely because of "political correctness". At that time there were still "The Lone Ranger", "Billy The Kid", "Roy Rogers" and other comic strips of similar content that were still very popular. Why should the Bat be like them? Through the inspiration behind Bruce Wayne becoming the Batman the story was written that he would NEVER intentionally kill. Quite simply, he didn't want to be the same kind of person that took his parents from him, even if that meant saving a bad guy. This silent oath of never intentionally killing was completely ignored in the Tim Burton Batman movies and wasn't given much more attention in the sequels that have followed. Is this true of the new Christian Bale version of the Dark Knight??
+Burton has said in interviews that he simply did not want to use Robin at all and only agreed to consider using the Boy Wonder out of deference to Warner Brothers. Robin was also considered to be used in Batman Returns but again, his role was excised out. Robin made his premiere in Batman Forever.
+Interestingly, 1986's The Dark Knight Returns first notes that Batman's parents were killed by an unnamed, never found assailant. Shortly thereafter, Batman comics' continuity was amended by DC Comics -- Batman's parents hadn't been killed by Joe Chill OR by Jack Napier, but by an unnamed, never found assailant. The feeling was that, if Batman solved the crime of who killed his parents, there goes his motivation to be Batman.
+Denny O'Neil, editor of Batman in 1989, liked Sam Hamm's original script well enough to invite Hamm to write a storyline for Detective Comics. Hamm's story appears in Detective Comics #s 598-600.
+In the very early days of the Bob Kane comic, Batman was illustrated not with gloves on but rather with gauntlets that stopped at the wrists. His hands were actually bare in a number of the strips.
+Annette Bening was originally cast as Catwoman for "Batman Returns" but had to bow out when she became pregnant.
+Contributed by: Steven Murray
+Kelly LeBrock
+of "
+Weird Science
+" fame was originally cast as Vicki Vale but turned down the role to do another project. In an interview she stated that giving up the part "Made Kim Basinger a star" - she looked bitter.
+Contributed by: Steven Murray
+Before 'Batman' started filming, and during,
+Michelle Pfeiffer
+called and asked to do a small cameo of Catwoman, but Burton didn't have the film space. Michelle later got her wish, when she was cast as Selina Kyle (Catwoman) in 'Batman Returns' as the best Catwoman to ever grace the silver screen.
+In the original screenplay, Bruce Wayne is described as a man with muscles on top of muscles, and scarred from nightly combat.
+Michael Keaton
+was quite obviously NOT envisioned.
+Contributed by: annericelover
+In the original screenplay, Dick Grayson and his parents, the Flying Graysons (John and Mary), are introduced during the parade scene. They are entertainment in the parade and the Joker shoots the trapeze artists, sending the Graysons plummeting to their deaths. Dick eventually becomes Robin by script's end.
+The storyboards for this scene were used in an animation style on the 2-Disc Special Edition DVD, with Kevin Conroy voicing Batman, Mark Hamill voicing The Joker (they provided the voices of those respective characters in the Bruce Timm Animated Universe The DCAU)
+Contributed by: Barry Freiman
+In 1984,
+Tom Mankiewicz
+, who had co-written SUPERMAN: THE MOVIE and some of the James Bond films, had written a screenplay. Despite attracting some attention, it never got filmed. The Mankiewicz screenplay was deemed too similar to the Superman film, even including scenes of young Bruce Wayne training to become Batman and detailing the origin much more. The script also actually had two villains -- the Joker and the Penguin (who, unlike his comic version, is described as a tall, proper looking, thin man).
+Contributed by: James Kennedy
+Willem DaFoe
+was also considered as an option for the Joker. DaFoe went on to play the Green Goblin, the main villain in Spider Man.
+Characters in the Batman movie that were based on DC Comics characters: Batman, Alfred, Joker, Commissioner Gordon, Vickie Vale, Harvey Dent, Thomas & Martha Wayne. All other characters were additions created for the film, including Wohl's Alexander Knox who was originally supposed to die in the parade scene.
+Contributed by: Barry Freiman
+In the comics, Vicki Vale (a redhead) always suspected Bruce Wayne was Batman and competed for Batman's affections throughout the 50s and 60s with Batwoman (a female Batman and predecessor to Batgirl). The movie "Vickie Vale" was actually based more on 1970's Bruce Wayne girlfriend, Silver St. Cloud, a name deemed too silly for a movie character. When Batman debuted in 1939, Bruce Wayne was engaged to movie actress Julie Madison (the character eventually appeared in the final film of the series).
+Contributed by: Ashley Williams
+Tim Burton makes a cameo as one of the Joker's thugs in the Museum scene.
+Contributed by: Simon Webb
+Mac McDonald
+, one of the Joker's goons (the one painting the marble statue head in the museum/gallery scene) plays Captain Frank Hollister in the TV series 'Red Dwarf.'
+Contributed by: Frankie
+Until shortly before filming, Batman's sidekick Robin was going to appear at the end. Burton never liked the character and it was also around this time that the second Robin (a character named Jason Todd, not the original Dick Grayson, who had become Nightwing) was killed by the Joker in the comics.
+Contributed by: Scot
+Jack Nicholson
+held the place of highest paid actor in the Guinness Book of World Records.
+Contributed by: Jovana
+Kim Basinger
+and
+Prince
+, who wrote music for Batman, met on the set and dated for a while.
+Contributed by: Chas Garfield
+Batman boasted two characters from the Star Wars trilogy.
+Billy Dee Williams
+, who played D.A. Harvey Dent, starred in Star Wars as Lando Calrissian, while Corrupt cop Lt. Max Eckhardt was played by
+William Hootkins
+, who was the fabled X-Wing pilot Jek Porkins in Star Wars
+Contributed by: Frankie
+In the comics, the man who murdered Batman's parents was named Joe Chill. Chill was never even hinted at as a secret identity for the Joker before or since the film. Likewise, in BATMAN FOREVER, Two Face was "blamed" for killing Robin's parents, even though in the comics, it was someone named Tony Zucco.
+The Batman film, along with its sequel, Batman Returns, feature an extremely bleak, and terror-filled Gotham City. This feel for Gotham was originally seen in "Batman: The Dark Knight Returns", a 1986 graphic novel by comic book legend Frank Miller.
+In 1984, Kenner produced a line of DC Comics based figures. In 1989, Toy Biz had acquired the rights and put out a line of DC characters. Batman, Joker, Bob the Goon, the Batmobile, the Batcycle, the Batwing, and the Batcave were packaged differently then the other D.C. characters (including Robin). The following year, Kenner put out the Dark Knight Collection line, which featured a bunch of different "Batmen" with different gadgets as well as a number of vehicles. Toy Biz had further success with Marvel Comics based figures, and Kenner (apperantly bought by Hazbro sometime recently) continued making toys based on Batman, Superman and other D.C. characters.
+Contributed by: Frankie
+The following year, Roger Ebert dubbed the film TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES "a low rent version of BATMAN." Neither film, however, garnered a thumbs up.
+Contributed by: Frankie
+The spear gun, ubiquitous in the film, was never seen before in the Batman comics. Batman frequently used a device that launched a grappling hook in the animated series that aired in the 1990's. As for conventional guns, Batman used one briefly from 1939- circa 1941, but eventually adopted a worried-parent-addled code against them.
+Contributed by: David
+The original 1989 movie Batmobile was purchased by magician David Copperfield for $1 million.
+Corto Maltese (where Vicki had been taking pictures) is the name of a popular European comic character, starring in the adventure comic books of Italian Hugo Pratt. Corto Maltese is also an island in Frank Miller's The Dark Knight, one of Burtons inspirations for Batman.
+Contributed by: Karl Williams
+Actor, Chris Fairbank, who played Moxey in the popular UK comedy/drama 'Auf Wiedersehen Pet', played Mugger 2 (Nic) in the opening segment.
+Contributed by: Jeffrey
+The Joker has continued to be the most evil villain in Batman's world. He proved this by killing Jason Todd (the second Robin) by using a bomb. The "Harlequin of Hate" also placed Barbara Gordon (Commissioner Gordon's daughter and Batgirl) into a wheelchair after he severed her spinal cord. A recurring theme in the comic books is also the Joker's ability to almost always escape from Arkham Asylum.
+Billy Dee Williams took the role of Harvey Dent because of the character later becoming Two Face. Reportedly he had a clause put in his contract to ensure he would get the role of Two Face if the character was used in any sequels. Unfortunately Warner Bros bought it out so they could cast Tommy Lee Jones instead.
+Contributed by: Joe
+David Baxt, who plays Bruce Wayne's father, Thomas, also appeared in the other DC Comics-inspired movie Superman in 1978. In it, he played the thief climbing up the side of a building and caught by the Man of Steel.
+In the comic books, the Joker's true name was never revealed. Before he was the Joker, he was never known as anything but "The Red Hood".
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+Full text of "Mack Sennett Weekly (March 15, 1920)"
+See other formats
+4l»l °\b SO, & lc Paid Los Angeles, Cal. Permit No. 330 MAH r m. 00 1 WE E V*L I ^ ii m 9M 1ETT Cpcra r'ount ’.Kjyr Paramount— Mack Sk aett Comedies © VOLUME 2. NO. 3 MONDAY, Ma f : ti 15, 1920 FIVE CENTS A COPY ONE DOLLAR A YEAR “Gingham Girl” Brings Her Duck And Takes Gay Whirl in Exclusive Social Circles in the Near Future Bevan the Butler wields the bat. Eva Thatcher stops it though that isn’t what she intended to do. Baldy Belmont and Isabelle Keep hope their Ma will live to see Baldy wedded to the Gingham Girl and daughter united to fickle Billy Armstrong. THE GINGHAM GIRL Cast of Characters Louise Fazenda.. . A Poor Relation Bert Roach Her Father Eva Thatcher Her City Aunt “Baldy” Belmont... A Scheming Son Isabelle Keep His Sister Billy Armstrong.. A Fortune Hunter Billy Bevan A Human Butler Director, James Davis Supervised by MACK SENNETT At the climax of an elaborate re- ception given by Eva Thatcher in honor of the approaching marriage of her daughter (Isabelle Keep) to Armstrong, there arrives Louise, the country cousin. She comes fresh from the farm with her trained duck under her arm. As an immediate re- sult of the duck’s unfamiliarity with the usages of polite society, Louise is banished to the kitchen. The bridegroom, belated, arrives pompously, effecting his entrance on the voluminous train of Thatcher. Louise emerges from the kitchen with a tray of tea. She recognizes the fortune hunter as a boarder that still owes her father a bill. Arm- strong denies he has ever flirted with the coy Louise and has no recollec- tion of the neglected board bill, either. Bevan the butler tries to console the slighted Louise and they set a picnic in the kitchen. The wedding preliminaries proceed upstairs. A letter meantime arrives from Louise’s father, stating that oil has been struck on her property, making her fabulously rich. The Aunt intercepts the letter, changes her tactics towards Louise, dresses her in costly garments and tells Bel- mont about Louise’s good fortune. Belmont proposes to Louise and is accepted. A double wedding im- pends — Armstrong vs. Isabelle and Belmont vs. Louise, is the way the “card” stands, until Bevan arrives to claim Louise. After a wild chase he and Belmont mix in a fight. Mean- while Armstrong finds the letter tell- ing of the luck of Louise, and im- mediately he too proposes, ordering the minister to perform the ceremony Bevan, thrown out of the house, forges a letter saying that the mes- sage about the oil is a ho8x.‘ He signs the name of Louise’s father, and sends it to Armstrong who reads it just as Belmont is demanding an explanation of the switch in bride- grooms. Louise, ignorant of the let- ters and of her own fortune, is or- dered off the premises by her Aunt who has also read the forged letter and believes it. Armstrong is re- stored to the arms of Isabelle. Louise’s father arrives in pomp and a Ford limousine. He inquires for his daughter, revealing proof of^ her wealth. This breaks up the At;m- strong-Keep romance once more and all set out in a frantic chase for Louise and the butler, but they do not overtake them until after the minister has made them man and wife. ‘Home Never Like This,’ Louise and Duck Agree ■■l Upper Picture: Left to right in foreground, Louise Fazenda, Isabelle Keep and Be'mont Lower Picture (left to right) Billy Bevan, Eva Thatcher, Baldy and Isabelle Keep. Only Trainer May Feed Teddy Teddy, the wonderful Mack Sennett comedy dog, does so many wonderful feats as an actor that he must be kept in perfect training. Everyone at the studio loves the big dog and all would like to feed him. So one of the posi- tive rules is that Teddy must NOT be fed, except by his trainer. The animal actors used in the Mack Sennett comedies require as much care and attention as a stage full of Metropolitan Grand Opera stars. If Pepper, the smartest cat in the world, is petted too much, Teddy, the smart- est dog in the world, goes into the sulks. If the bear is fed too much candy, the studio monkey gets peev- ish. Oh! these temperamental actors! day will fold up their tents like the Arabs” and be laughed away in the presence of Sennett comedy master- pieces in miniature. They have to move fast, these com- edy plots, to sustain the interest and attention of Reo employees — that’s why they picked Sennett’s. Well, Mary’s An Heiress A telegram came to the Sennett studio the other day which put one of the little bathing girls in the heir- ess class. The telegram said with simple brevity, “Oil.” It meant that, a little Texas ranch left her by her adoring grandfather had done its duty nobly. The screen name of the new lit.le heiress is “Mary Lee.” She says she doesn’t ha’dly think her family would like to have her real name used in motion pictures; so proposals of marriage will be exam- ined in the order of their arrival by “Miss Lee” who is a very charming and winsome little miss. Marie Prevost, a native of Mon- treal, is regarded by motion picture students as another evidence of Mack Sennett’s ability to pick winners. She is rapidly forging to the front as an artist of rare talents. Kalla Pasha as a sort of Julian El- tinge will flourish in skirts in “Fresh From the City” soon to be released. As an expression of fabulous comedy, this ex-wrestler in petticoats is a scream. ligence that soars high above that of all geese and most all other ducks. This is a fact that is amply proven when the duck encounters a punch bowl, loaded, on the mahogany cen- ter-table around which the fashion- able guests spend a suspiciously long time and from which they and Miss Quack retire with difficulty. The comedy possibilities of “rustic innocence” surrounded by city folk and fashion are never entirely ex- plored. Always there is something new to show or say and the type of “Rube” is familiar to all lands and people. Even in Australia they call ’em “Hayseeds,” and Cincinnatus, you remember, has been chided for twenty centuries or so, on account of his boots that still had milk-stains on them when he took his seat in the Senate. Mack Sennett has found some new angles in the awkwardness of a coun- try belle landed plump in a swell social function. He has projected them in “The Gingham Girl,” and has given them to Louise Fazenda to car- ry out to a comedy climax in his latest two-reel comedy mix-up. “The Gingham Girl” is cooked for release April 18. A novelty in the hilarity which al- ways follows the entrance of Louise Fazenda on any film scene will, in “The Gingham Girl,” be provided by a pet duck which reveals an intel- Speedy Comedies For Reo Builders Mack Sennett has been declared the official comedy purveyor to the Reo Motor Car Company; at least the declaration is implied in that organi- zation’s recent issue of “The Reo Spirit” which is the company’s official organ circulating among its thousands of employees throughout the United States. “We are now using Sennett Come- dies to entertain our employees,” writes Arthur A. Sinclair, Social Di- rector of the great motor car institu- tion at Lansing, Michigan, where a fine and beautifully appointed pro- jection room has been fitted up for the company’s theater and where hereafter “the cares that infest the “Rube” Is Always Good For a Laugh NOTICE TO EXHIBITORS Fifty different poses of Mack Sennett Bathing Girls and Comedians have been selected from more than 800 plates for distribution to Ex- hibitors. These are all copyrighted photographs, printed from the original negatives and were taken at picturesque locations along the Pacific Coast. They are very beautiful pictures and may be had at the following rates: Set of 10 (assorted) 8x10 size $2.00 Set of 25 (assorted) 8x10 size 4.00 Set of 50 (assorted) 8x10 size 7.50 FulJ information concerning these new lobby sets may be had on ap- plication to the LOBBY DEPARTMENT, MACK SENNETT STUDIO Heroine’s Pet Duck Takes to the ‘Flowing Bowl’ Left to right in foreground, Isabelle Keep, Billy Bevan, Louise Fazenda and Eva Thatcher. SjfiflB ttf Censorship for I f the Censor By Charlie Murray A burglar is a sneak. Motion picture producers and ex- hibitors are not alarmed at the thought of censorship, but they want the public to do the censoring — and there isn’t any other kind so effective, immediate and final. It is undersirable that a crowd of self - appointed, “holier - than - thou” meddlers should wield so powerful a weapon as the censorship club The motion picture is closely re- lated to the press in the immediacy of its appeal, in its timeliness and Everybody has a birthday except an old-maid. * * * England is batting a thousand in the League of Nations. * * * I hope the crook that visited mfe will have to live in Russia. * * * Never compare a one-dollar watch with a fifty-dollar clock. * * * There are other places to trim a man besides a barber shop. * * * Permit your employer to earn as much as he can — you’ll be surer to get yours. * * * If some people had their clothes made .to fit their dispositions they’d never get into ’em. “circulation.” Any censorship plan that cramps picture producers will reach the news- paper as inevitably as bigotry thrives on opportunity. The value of such judgments as are set up by “cliques,” “circles” and “leagues” is not, and never has been, in line either with good art, good morals or good common sense. Such censorship refused Charles Rann Ken- nedy’s “Servant in the House” a hear- ing, condemned George Bernard Shaw’s “Mrs. Warren’s Profession,” and Brieux’ “Damaged Goods,” and would stop the hand of progress if it could. The field of public opinion is the domain wherein must be settled ques- tions of this kind. In this realm — the field of American thought — things noxious, purient and evil just natur- ally die. NEW MACK SENNETT COMEDY RELEASES Current Attractions We need no blundering “commit- tees,” like amateur gardeners, to lay about them with the club of censor- ship, killing much healthy growth in order to destroy a few bad weeds which if left in the darkness that nourished them, would quickly perish in their own rottenness. “GEE WHIZ!” APRIL 4 “THE GINGHAM GIRL” APRIL 18 Future Releases “FRESH FROM THE CITY” “BY GOLLY!” “LET ’ER GO!” Louise Fazenda, besides being one of the most popular of comediennes, is making a reputation as an artiste in letters. Her recent literary con- tribution to “Classic” was enthusias- tically accepted, paid for and more of the same kind of “copy” demanded. It is called “Impressions.” Logical Title Is Important In selecting “Gee Whiz,” as the title for his next two-reel comedy feature, Mack Sennett was as zealous for a perfect fit as Gilbert was in his verse about “making the punishment fit the crime,” or as Mr. Shakespeare was when he finished his comedy and couldn’t think of a name until “As You Like It” popped into his head. You’ve just got to get the right name for a play. It’s as important as naming the baby. Imagine Charlie Murray roaming the world as Har- old; Kalla Pasha as Percival, or Tur- pin as Ben Lomond. It’s the same with a play. You just couldn’t call “Othel- lo,’ “Who’s Got the Handkerchief?” Imagine “The Easiest Way” mas- querading as “Back to Rector’s.” Charlie Murray says he never knew a title so aptly to fit a plot as “Gee Whiz!” matches its. “There isn’t a thing in the whole story,” he says, “that contradicts the title in even the most minute particular.” Kalla Pasha, when he was taught to pronounce it, said that “Gee Whiz!” reminded him of the snow clad mountains, the wind swept, wave- beaten cliffs of his dear Turkey and of the long winter evenings of his boyhood spent in the fertile meadows of his loved homeland off the coast of Constantinople. Eddie Gribbon liked the title too. He said it made him think fondly of his big brother. Fanny Kelly was a bit piqued be- cause they didn’t cast her in the title role and wouldn’t be consoled even when it was pointed out that there wasn’t any title role. Harriet Hammond was bound to approve the title. She really was re- sponsible for it. "You are to olav the role of the wife of Kalla Pasha.” said Mr. Sennett to the tiny dimpled star of many a Sennett comedy when cast- ing the farce. Gee Whiz!” said Miss Hammond in profound, horrified consternation, turning her deep blue eyes on the \L Traffic Cops Will Interfere It is undisputed that to western genius is due a type of farce that is characteristically American. “It is,’ says Mr. Sennett, “the only form of dramatic expression in which America has produced a distinct and individual utterance. It began with Charles Hoyt.” Speed is one of the essentials of farce, and in that regard and on that account, the filmed production sur- passes the staged, for “not a word is wasted.” It is all action. The story must un- fold itself, the complications must ensue, and the plot must proceed on the wings of action. That’s why the Mack Sennett product is the highest form of farcial art. Mr. Sennett has specialized in this kind of entertain- ment. He has developed the stage farce to a point of speed that leaves imitations halting and out of breath in the far distance. formidable form of the Terrible Turk. “Good,” said Mr. Sennett. “?,” questioned Miss Hammond with her orbs. “You’ve given me the title,” said Mr. Sennett. “We’ll call this comedy ‘Gee Whiz!’” People like to laugh. By making Mack Sennett Comedies THE feature of their weekly programmes, in lobby billing and in advertisements, exhibi- tors are making the biggest profits in the history of their theatres. mc&ssaiEn Paramount Mack Sennett Comedies Published at 1712 Allesandro Street Los Angeles Personify ‘Good Form’ in Mack Sennett Comedy Center, Marie Prevost and the Sennett Great Dane, Teddy; upper left, Phyllis Haver; upper right, Marie Prevost, and lower left, Harriet Hammond. Scanned from the collection of Karl Thiede Coordinated by the Media History Digital Library
+Like.Like.
+-- were (again for the most part) adamantly independent in thought as well as political affiliation,
+-- understood the central place of cultural institutions in civic life,
+-- found New York to be a congenial place to live.
+Yet she was much unlike them. The Forty-Eighters knew poetry and revered the famous poets, but were not themselves poetical, showed no inclination to put in words what the great poems meant to them. They were practical thinkers, not, as she was, a passionate one. They were all socially prominent, active in politics and deeply involved in numerous business ventures; they all became sufficiently well-to-do as to be able to enjoy leisure. They traveled widely. They often used their influence to advance their own interests, but, as often, what they did benefitted others without much benefitting themselves. Their paths to prosperity were hardly smooth ones — there were panics, there were attempts by competitors to impoverish them; there were temptations, to which they sometimes succumbed, to squander their savings on foolhearty ventures, and there were times when even government agents conspired against them. Nonetheless they were able to attain modest wealth, or better, and were disposed to use their leisure to advance worthy causes.
+Although she mixed freely in the world of the New York intelligentsia, Arendt wasn't a clubby person. You can't picture her in your mind's eye singing gay German songs over frothy steins. It's hard to imagine banquets being given in her honor by her close friends, complete with lengthy tributes given as toasts by prominent guests. The Forty-Eighters enjoyed eating and drinking together and they did give one another such large scale social events. They spent Sunday afternoons roistering in New York's German beer gardens. The sang in weekly gatherings of Liederkranz. They enjoyed their lunches and dinners in the city's restaurants and clubs.[2]
+More significantly, the Forty-Eighters could not have imagined the transformation of a repressive form of government they knew and loathed — conservative autocracy — into a radical new and far worse one — totalitarianism — with fundamentally perverted moral values. And, much less, they could not foresee the uncountable murders committed by the totalitarian regimes of Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, Mao, and others.
+Arendt was a political philosopher. She studied public persona and power relationships in societies and nations. As a political theorist she would not have been expected to show a deep interest in literature and it therefore it may seem a bit odd that she loved poetry. Political theory concerns itself with the power relationships, governance, and the conflicts of people in class, tribal, and cultural groupings, and poetry is a form of literature which is often taken to be personal, private, and free of at least external factiousness. All the same she revered the famous poets and worked hard to put into words what it was that makes their best work penetrate your waking and sleeping existences, give you shivers, cause you to stop and think, stop and feel deeply emotions that seem to have, and perhaps really do have, elemental authenticity.
+She became friends with W.H. Auden, deeply read his poetry, and, on his death, wrote feelingly about the man and his worth.
+There seems much that separates Arendt and Auden — woman and man, German Jewish pariah and English Anglican member of a conforming middle class, theorist and poet — yet they had much in common. They were both well educated, both immigrants from societies that had become alien to them, both secularized but paradoxically deeply religious, and both outsiders at odds with dominant social norms.
+Both felt strongly, as Arendt put it, "the grimness of the present," burdened as it is both with the atrocities of the past and with a future which could as easily be worse as better.[3] Yet neither was pessimistic. When Auden died, Arendt wrote that his power as a poet came from his capacity to express his assent to life in the present, this grim present. She wrote of his capacity to sing a "praise that pitches itself against all that is most unsatisfactory in man's condition on this earth and sucks its strength out of the wound"[4] She shared this capacity. As early as 1929, in her Ph.D. thesis, she wrote about expressing gratitude for the gift of life, however miserable be this existence. The writing is a complex analysis of St. Augustine's consideration of the many forms of love: Godly, carnal, charitable, self-regarding, ... and ways in which a certain kind of love, caritas, permits a person to be unworldly pure and still fully participate in the world's chaotic disturbances. This concept of love requires facing up to reality and acknowledging one's own faults and the world's. It is not a passive giving in, but active and engaged.[5]
+Arendt and Auden sought to show this unifying love in their own work. Auden expressed the idea more than once, but probably most succinctly in the need to "make a vineyard of the curse." The line appears in his poem In Memory of W. B. Yeats. In it, addressing Yeats and invoking his own powers and those of all great poets, Auden asks the poet:
+With your unconstraining voiceArendt copied out this poem when preparing notes for her essay on Auden at the time of his death. Of the last couplet — "In the prison of his days / Teach the free man how to praise." — she said "Praise is the key-word of these lines, not praise of 'the best of all possible worlds' — as though it were up to the poet (or the philosopher) to justify God's creation &mdash but praise that pitches itself against all that is most unsatisfactory in man's condition on this earth..."[7]
+Still persuade us to rejoice;
+With the farming of a verse
+Make a vineyard of the curse...[6]
+In a note card she typed while preparing her remembrance of Auden, Arendt seems to have acknowledged that this love that is expressed as holy praise is elusive and the poet or philosopher who sings this praise — who can "bless what there is for being" — is, paradoxically, no less a mortal soul than any other. The card quotes without comment Auden's famous line: "Poetry makes nothing happen." In the essay she helps us understand this line by quoting Auden's statement that "mad Ireland hurt [Yeats] into poetry" and reflecting it back on Auden — he also was hurt into poetry.
+The same card quotes a phrase Auden used to express an immanent God, present but elusive, easily misperceived or not perceived at all. The phrase is "At his holy insufflation" and she adds one that follows about a "bubble-headed creature" whose sense of identity with holiness screens him off from elbow-jostling men and women in the streets and roads.[8] Auden reminds the reader that God chose man as receptical for the grace of the Holy Spirit. He asks what if God had chosen some other creature; have you ever considered what might be the result? Arendt knew and saw that Auden knew as well, that what I'm calling holy praise could not be simply willed into existence, not attained by training or right living. There is something more needed — a facing up to, and even praising an awkward and frequently unspeakably ugly reality — but how to do that they do not say.
+These note cards by Hannah Arendt can be found in the The Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress
+"At his holy insufflation"
+----------
+---------
+Some sources:
+Reflections on literature and culture by Hannah Arendt, edited by Susannah Young-ah Gottlieb (Stanford University Press, 2007).
+Love and Saint Augustine by Hannah Arendt (University of Chicago Press, 1996) an edited version of the thesis Arendt wrote under Karl Jaspers in 1929.
+Love and Saint Augustine reviewed by George McKenna
+What St. Augustine Taught Hannah Arendt about “how to live in the world”: Caritas, Natality and the Banality of Evil by Joanna Vecchiarelli Scott (pdf)
+"Reflection on the Right to Will": Auden's "Canzone"and Arendt's Notes on Willing by Susannah Young-Ah Gottlieb
+:.
+The Origins of Totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt, Preface to the First Edition
+The origins of totalitarianism by Hannah Arendt (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1994)
+Wonder and Gratitude in the Thought of Arendt by Richard J. Gill
+"Thinking What We Are Doing," a review of Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition, by W.H. Auden, in A company of readers: uncollected writings of W.H. Auden, Jacques Barzun, and Lionel Trilling edited by Arthur Krystal
+In Memory of W. B. Yeats by W.H. Auden
+The Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress
+The Cambridge companion to W.H. Auden edited by Stan Smith (Cambridge University Press, 2004)
+W. H. AUDEN: FROM MYTH TO PARABLE by Edward Mendelson
+Selected poems by W.H. Auden (Vintage, 2007)
+---------
+Notes:
+[1] My great-grandfather was one of the five Forty-Eighters. I've written frequently about his life in New York. See, for example, this post: an obituary. I've also made a family history web page that takes its focus from life: Louis Windmuller and Family. Here are links to three posts about the four other Forty-Eighters and one about their wives:
+- forty-eighters
+- five New Yorkers
+- a free circulating library for New York
+- four notable German-American women
+[2] There are lots of sources attesting to this love of communal eating, drinking, and speechifying. See for example: Banquet to the Honorable Carl Schurz, Banquet in Honor of Dr. Jacobi, Annual banquet, of the New York Chamber of Commerce, Herr Windmuller Confesses, and Club men of New York: their occupations, and business and home addresses: sketches of each of the organizations: college alumni associations (Republic Press, 1893).
+[3] From the introduction to the first edition of The Origins of Totalitarianism: ."
+[4] "Remembering Wystan H. Auden, Who Died in the Night of the Twenty-eighth of September, 1973," in Reflections on literature and culture by Hannah Arendt, edited and with an Introduction by Susannah Young-ah Gottlieb
+[5] She puts forth this argument in her Ph.D. thesis of 1929, Love and Saint Augustine by Hannah Arendt (University of Chicago Press, 1996) an edited version of the thesis Arendt wrote under Karl Jaspers in 1929.
+[6] The extract is from In Memory of W. B. Yeats by W.H. Auden
+[7] Same source as note 4.
+[8] The phrases come from Auden's poem "Bucolics, I Winds (for Alex Leger)". Here is the context:
+That Pliocene Friday when,I had to look up the word insufflation, it's a pumping of air into an orifice or a breathing in. OED gives this quote: "With the insufflation of his soul, Adam received also the grace of the Holy Spirit." (J. W. Burgon in Fortn. Rev. Apr. 593, 1887).
+At His Holy insufflation
+(Had He picked a teleost
+Or an arthropod to inspire,
+Would our death also have come?)
+One bubble-brained creature said:--
+‘I am loved, therefore I am’--:
+And well by now might the lion
+Be lying down with the kid,
+Had he stuck to that logic.
+-- Selected poems by W.H. Auden (Vintage, 2007)
+2 comments:
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+Insufflation
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+Jun 14 2020nbsp018332What Is GPU Mining Mining is essentially using hardware devices in the context of this article GPUs to solve complex computer problems created by that particular cryptocurrency By solving these problems youre rewarded with some cryptocurrency when a
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+Aug 21 2017nbsp018332GPU mining on TESTNET Remember ethminer G only works with GPU based machine so if you decrease from G8 machine to t2 micro the command ethminer G wont work
+Jul 07 2020nbsp018332The number of guesses a machine can make is referred to as its hash rate Therefore the best GPU for mining will have a high hash rate GPU stands for graphics processing unit and they are a musthave piece of hardware for anyone doing heavy rendering work the kind used for video production or for playing the most stateoftheart video games
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+Oct 03 2018nbsp018332GPU
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+Jun 19 2017nbsp018332Theres quotminingquot which consists of putting a machine to work on an algorithm to quotminequot or quotdiscoverquot bitcoins And GPUs are awesome for this task Cool Bitcoin mining aint profitable for regular people anymore there are companies that have a huge HUGE mining power so its not profitable for us normal people anymore
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+Lab Chordwise Pressure Distribution Engineering Essay
+This experiment investigates the pressure distribution around a 2D NACA 23015 aerofoil with a flap having a 30-percent chord angle of attack up to about 24o at various of incidences and flap deflections. This experiment was conducted in the 0.6 m x 0.6 m Open Return Low Speed Tunnels at Reynolds Number of 400,000, based on the air speed of 25 m/s and the 0.25m aerofoil chord. The data shows that the flapped aerofoil reduces the adverse pressure gradients and the tendency of the main aerofoil to stall. The flap also influences the air flow around the main aerofoil so that the aerofoil carries a much greater load without stalling. Error between the experimental and theoretical data will give an insight to the limitations of various assumptions such as boundary conditions, wind tunnels, infinite wing.
+If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help!Essay Writing Service
+Introduction
+The flow velocity is modified when it flows over an aerofoil. Using an inviscid fluid model, it is possible to calculate the chordwise pressure distribution on the surface of the aerofoil. The pressure coefficient (defined as where q = dynamic pressure =) has mostly negative values, this indicates the flow accelerates over the upper surface of the aerofoil and the surface static pressure is less than freestream. Near the leading edge on the upper surface, normally there is a large suction peak followed by a region of increasing static pressure (adverse pressure gradient) to the trailing edge. In addition, at the stagnation point near the leading edge Cp has a value of 1.0. The area between the pressure coefficient distributions against x/c gives a good indication of the total lift coefficient or normal force coefficient on the aerofoil.
+The suction peak on the upper surface develops and the adverse pressure gradient turns out to be larger when the angle of attack is increased. At the critical angle of attack, the adverse pressure gradient becomes larger and larger and this leads to the boundary layer to separate from the upper surface of the aerofoil. The subsequent result is stall, and the pressure distribution curves will fall on both surfaces (i.e. upper and lower).
+In general, a flap at the trailing edge of an aerofoil appears to be one of the most satisfactory high-lift devices to increase aircraft performance. It is capable of developing high lift coefficients and that it gives lower drag at these high lift coefficients. The flap extends past the trailing edge of the wing, thereby resulting in an increased over-all chord and wing area. The principal purpose of this investigation is to determine the effects of wing incidence, the effects of flap deployment, and pressure distributions around the aerofoil at several of angle of attack and at different flap angles.
+The coefficient of lift, drag and moment are a function of Reynolds number, and it is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces, calculate using the equation (1.1), below.
+mathrm{Re} = {{rho {mathbf v} L} over {mu}} = {{{mathbf v} L} over {nu}} (Equation 1.1)
+where:
+{mathbf v} is the mean velocity of the object relative to the fluid (SI units: m/s)
+{L} is a characteristic linear dimension, (travelled length of the fluid; hydraulic diameter when dealing with river systems) (m)
+{mu} is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s or N·s/m² or kg/(m·s))
+{bold nu} is the kinematic viscosity ( {bold nu} = mu /{rho} ) (m²/s)
+{rho}, is the density of the fluid (kg/m³).
+When the velocity approaches that of sound in the fluid, the lift and drag coefficient becomes a function of Mach number, that is, the ratio of the fluid velocity (relative to the body) to the velocity of sound in the fluid. Calculate using the equation (1.2), below.
+M = frac {{v}}{{a}} (Equation 1.2)
+where:
+M is the Mach number,
+v is the velocity of the source relative to the medium and
+a is the speed of sound in the medium.
+2 Method
+The current experiment was conducted in the 0.6m by 0.6m Open Return Low Speed Tunnels. There are honeycombs to ensure the flow in the test section stays as uniform as possible.
+The model consisted of an NACA 23015 wing with a chord of 0.25m with 30% hinged flap. A row of static pressure tappings on the upper and lower surfaces of both the main aerofoil and flap are placed at mid-span section. The position of the tappings is shown in Appendix A. Pressures are measured by an electric pressure transducer, which is connected to each pressure tapping connection in turn by a scanivalve. This is controlled by a computer, which also logs the data, and presents the pressure distribution directly as a plot of Cp against x/c. For each pressure distribution, the coefficients of lift, pressure drag, pitching moment and flap hinge moment are calculated, and the results are presented in tabular and graphical form.
+The average test Reynolds number, based on the flow velocity of 25m/s and 0.25m chord, is approximately 400,000. The test was conducted under standard sea level condition. The Mach number (using Equation 1.2) is M = v/a = 25/340.3 = 0.07 << 0.3, therefore compressible effects can be neglected.
+The main portion of the investigation consisted in determinations of lift, drag, and pitching moment for flap deflections of -10o, 0o, 10o, 20o, 40o and 55o throughout an angle-of-attack range from -5o to beyond the stall for the aerofoil.
+3 Results
+Figure 3.1. – Coefficient of Pressure against x axis at 5o incidence
+Figure 3.2. – Coefficient of Pressure against x axis at 10o incidence
+Figure 3.3. – Coefficient of Pressure against x axis at 20o incidence
+Figure 3.4. – Coefficient of Lift against Angle of Attack
+Figure 3.5. – Coefficient of Drag against Angle of Attack
+Figure 3.6. – Coefficient of Moment against Angle of Attack
+Figure 3.7. – Coefficient of Hinge Moment against Angle of Attack
+Figure 3.8. – Coefficient of Lift against Angle of Attack (Experimental vs Theoretical)
+4 Discussion
+Comparison of pressure diagrams for the aerofoil with flap at the same angle of attack (fig. 3.1. and fig. 3.2.) shows that the flap increases the negative pressure over the entire upper surface of the main aerofoil and increases the positive pressure on the lower surface near the trailing edge. The pressure gradients remain about the same except at the trailing edge of the main aerofoil, where they are reduced. The pressures on the upper and the lower surfaces of the flap both increase with flap deflection. The important effect of the flap in this case is its ability to influence the air flow around the main aerofoil so that the aerofoil carries a much greater load without stalling than is possible without the flap.
+For the angle of attack at 20o with flap deflection of 40o (fig. 3.3.) demonstrates that the magnitudes of the peak pressures at the leading edge of the main aerofoil are reduced and the magnitudes of both positive and negative pressures at the trailing edge of the main aerofoil and at the leading edge of the flap are increased. One of the reason which may cause this stall is the air speed is too low. In addition, to obstructing the flow of air below the aerofoil and causes the pressures to build up on the lower surface, the flap influences the air flowing through the slot over the upper surface of the flap to produce a higher average velocity and increases the negative pressure on the flap upper surface. Thus, the influence of the flap is to reduce the adverse pressure gradients and the tendency of the main aerofoil to stall.
+By increasing the flap deflection in the camber line effectively alters the camber so that the contribution due to flap deflection is the effect of an additional camber-line shape. The resulting effect is increased effective camber of the wing section and increased in wing area therefore the flap is able to increase the maximum lift of a wing (fig. 3.4.), at the same time reducing the stall angle and increasing drag at a given angle of attack (AoA)(fig. 3.5.). The stall AoA usually will be lower for a wing with deflected flaps than a wing without flaps. This is due to the fact that the pressure gradients at the CL max for both cases are roughly equal. As the wing shape changes as a result of flap deflection, all or some of the components of skin friction drag D0 will increase, and the induced drag Di will also increase due to the change in spanwise lift distribution. The deployment of flap is very useful during final approach down to landing as this would allow a low speed steep descent.
+The flow over an aerofoil is two-dimensional. A finite wing is a three-dimensional. On the wing there is a high pressure on the bottom surface and a low pressure on the top surface. The wing on an airplane experiences a much higher pressure drag than an airfoil due to the adverse aerodynamic effects of the wing tips. The difference in pressure at the wing top creates some vortices downstream of the wing which induce a small downward component of air velocity in the neighborhood of the wing itself. This is known as downwash. There is a drag created by the presence of downwash. This additional pressure drag is called induced drag. This component of drag cannot be clearly identify as it is part of the pressure drag. Resolution of normal and chordwise pressure forces in directions normal to and along the relative wind direction give lift and form drag forces. In this case where only pressure forces are considered, the drag coefficient will be the form drag coefficient, which does not include the contribution from skin friction.
+Figure 4.1. – Regions of adverse and favourable pressure gradient
+From A to C, when the pressure decreases (and, correspondingly, the velocity along the edge of the boundary layer increases) with passage along the surface the external pressure gradient ∂p/∂x is negative. Such a pressure gradient is said to be favourable.
+Beyond C, the pressure increases and mainstream velocity decreases along the surface. The external pressure gradient is now said to be unfavourable or adverse. The fluid, beyond C, has less momentum than fluid further out, and so when its momentum is reduced still more by the net pressure force the fluid near the surface is soon brought to a standstill. The value of ∂u/∂y at the surface is then zero as at D. If the adverse pressure gradient is sufficiently strong or prolonged, the flow near the wall is so greatly decelerated that it begins to reverse direction. At E, flow reversal indicates that the boundary layer has separated from the surface. Separation is caused by the reduction of velocity in the boundary layer, adverse pressure combined with a positive pressure gradient (known as an adverse pressure gradient since it opposes the flow). Separation can therefore occur only when an adverse pressure gradient exists.
+At low values of Re this may permit a laminar boundary layer to extend into the adverse pressure gradient region of the aerofoil. As a laminar boundary layer is much less able than a turbulent boundary layer to overcome an adverse pressure gradient, the flow will separate from the surface at a lower angle of incidence. This causes a reduction of CLmax. This is a problem that exists in model testing when it is always difficult to match full-scale and model Reynolds numbers. As seen on figure 3.1., the boundary layer transition takes place at about x/c = 0.6. This is caused by the separation bubble, where the pressure gradient approaches zero. Several factors could influence transition from laminar to turbulent flow: Increase surface roughness, increase turbulence in the freestream, adverse pressure gradients, Mach number and heating of the fluid by the surface.[1]
+As seen on figure 3.8., the flow first separate from the aerofoil at the angle of attack of 20o. Due to its gradual or docile stall quality this would yield a safest flight. This would be suitable for aircrafts which are non-manoeuvrable.
+The lift curve slope for zero flap deflection could be found using
+As the experimental wing is not perfectly infinite, this means the aspect ratio is small whereas a 2D aerofoil assumes infinite aspect ratio. As a result, the lift curve slope reduces as aspect ratio reduces. This is due to the downwash angle produced, which reduces the effective angle of attack of the wing.
+The aerodynamic center is the reference point about which the aerodynamic moment does not change with changes in angle-of-attack:
+(Equation 4.1)
+The location of the aerodynamic center can be determined from experimental data from its definition:
+(Equation 4.2)
+(Equation 4.3)
+Using Equation 4.3, for zero flap deflection. The quarter-chord point is the theoretical location of the aerodynamic centre for a camber aerofoil.
+Flap Setting
+hac
+0
+0.259
+10
+0.253
+20
+0.246311
+40
+0.253882
+55
+0.253891
+Table 4.1. – Flap setting and position of aerodynamic centre
+Projected frontal area of the aerofoil at zero incidence = 0.25m*15%*0.5m = 0.01875m2. The cross sectional area of the tunnel = 0.6m*0.6m = 0.36m2. Thus, the ratio = 5.21% for zero incidence. It has long been a standard for low-speed wind tunnel testing to operate within an area-ratio of (tunnel cross-section to swept area of a model) 1-10%, proposed by Pope and Harper, (1966) in their text “Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing” and earlier by Pankhurst and Holder (1952) in their text “Wind-Tunnel Technique: An Account of Experimental Methods in Low- and High-Speed Wind Tunnels”. The open test-section or open jet type of wind tunnel has the capability to allow the conditions inside the test section to be largely unaffected by larger blockage percentage static models because of the ability to leak ¬‚ow and expand the ¬‚ow around objects within the test-section. Because of the ability to allow the ¬‚ow to expand, models can generally be allowed to exhibit higher blockage percentage in open type testing.
+15) How will flap deployment change the handling of an aircraft?
+A flapped-aerofoil characteristic that is of great importance in stability and control
+calculations, is the aerodynamic moment about the hinge line.
+The deflection of the flap about a hinge in the camber line effectively alters the camber so that the contribution due to flap deflection is the effect of an additional camber-line shape.
+The pressure tabs are placed in the mid span of the aerofoil to ensure only two dimensional flow is considered and any induced drag and vortex drag and sidewall boundary layer could be ignored.
+The effective Reynolds Number takes account of the turbulence in the air stream (i.e. Effective Reynolds Number = test Reynolds Number x turbulence factor)
+14) How do the wind tunnel walls influence the results?
+Advantages of the Open Return Tunnel
+Low construction cost.
+Superior design for propulsion and smoke visualization. There is no accumulation of exhaust products in an open tunnel.
+Disadvantages of the Open Return Tunnel
+Poor flow quality possible in the test section. Flow turning the corner into the bellmouth may require extensive screens or flow straighteners. The tunnel should also be kept away from objects in the room (walls, desks, people …)that produce asymmetries to the bellmouth. Tunnels open to the atmosphere are also affected by winds and weather.
+High operating costs. The fan must continually accelerate flow through the tunnel.
+Noisy operation. Loud noise from the fan may limit times of operation.
+5:
+At this time of the year there are a plethora of economic and market forecasts for next year. This Post is not one of them.
+Outlined below are several investment strategies investors should consider in building more robust portfolios for the years ahead and to increase the odds of meeting their investment objectives.
+These strategies directly address the current investment environment and the developing theme over 2020 that the traditional Balanced portfolio, of 60% equities and 40% fixed income, is facing several head winds, and likely to disappoint from a return perspective in the decade ahead.
+A recent FT article captures this mood, titled: Investors wonder if the 60/40 portfolio has a future | Financial Times
+In the article they make the following comment “The traditional 60/40 portfolio — the mix of equities and bonds that has been a mainstay of investment strategy for decades — is at risk of becoming obsolete as some investors predict years of underperformance by both its component parts.”
+I first Posted about the potential demise of the Balanced Portfolio in 2019, see here, and again in early 2020, see here. These Posts provide background as too why many investment professionals are questioning the likely robustness of the Balance Portfolio in the years ahead given the current investment environment.
+In essence, there are two themes presented for the bleak outlook for the Balanced Portfolio.
+The first is that fixed income and equities (mainly US equities) are expensive, so now may not be a great time to invest in these markets.
+The second theme is that with interest rates at very low levels, there is doubt that fixed income can still effectively protect equity portfolios in a severe market decline in ways they have done historically.
+For more on the low expected return environment, first Theme, see these Posts here and here. This Post also outlines that although markets fell sharply in March 2020, forecast future returns remain disappointing.
+The strategies discussed below address the second theme, the expected reduced effectiveness of fixed income to protect the Balance Portfolio at the time of severe sharemarket declines.
+The Balance Portfolio has served investors well. Although equities and fixed income still have a role to play in the future, there is more that can be done.
+The strategies outlined below are “the more that can be done“, they aim to improve the risk and return outcomes for the Balance Portfolio in the years ahead.
+For the record, I anticipate the global economy to continue to repair next year, experiencing above average growth fuelled by the roll out of the Covid-19 vaccines and underpinned by extraordinary low interest rates and generous government spending programs. Global equities will continue to perform well in this environment, the US dollar will weaken further, commodity prices will move higher, value and emerging markets to outperform.
+The Case for holding Government Bonds
+Before looking at some of the strategies to improve on the Balance Portfolio, it goes without saying there is a role for equities in most portfolios. The case for and against US equities are found here and here respectively.
+There is also a role for holding Fixed Income securities, primarily government bonds.
+This Post reviews some of the reasons why owning government bonds makes good sense in today’s investment and economic climate. It also brings some balance to present discussions around fixed income and the points within should be considered when determining portfolio allocations in the current market environment.
+The central argument for holding government bonds within a portfolio: Government bonds are the only asset where you know with absolute certainty the amount of income you will get over its life and how much it will be worth on maturity. For most other assets, you will only ever know the true return in arrears.
+In a recent Financial Times article PIMCO argues the case for the 60/40 portfolio in equities and fixed income.
+In relation to fixed income they argue, that although “returns over the horizon may be harder to achieve, but bonds will still play a very important role in portfolios”. The benefits being diversification and moderation of portfolio volatility.
+However, they argue in relation to fixed income investors must target specific regions and parts of the yield curve (different maturity dates) to maximise return and diversification potential.
+PIMCO see opportunities in high-quality assets such as mortgage-backed securities from US government agencies, areas of AA and AAA rated investment-grade corporate bonds, and emerging market debt that is currency hedged.
+They conclude: “One answer for 60/40 portfolio investors is to divide fixed-income investments into two subcomponents — hedging and yield assets.”
+Rethinking the “40” in the 60/40 Portfolio
+This Post outlines a thinkadvisor.com article which provides a framework to consider potential investment ideas in the current extremely low interest rate environment, by examining the 40% fixed income allocation within the 60/40 Portfolio (Balanced Portfolio).
+The basis of the article is that investors seeking to generate higher returns are going to have to look for new sources of income, allocate to new asset classes, and potentially take on more risk. This likely involves investing into a broader array of fixed income securities, dividend-paying equities, and alternatives, such as real assets and private credit.
+The Role of Liquid Alternatives and Hedge Funds
+I have no doubt investors are going to have to look for alternative sources of returns and new asset classes outside equities and fixed income over the next decade.
+Not only will this help in increasing the odds of meeting investment objectives, but it will also help protect portfolios in periods of severe sharemarket declines, thus reducing portfolio volatility, a role traditionally played by fixed income within a multi-asset portfolio.
+The best way to manage periods of severe sharemarket declines, as experienced in the first quarter of 2020, is to have a diversified portfolio. It is impossible to time these episodes.
+AQR has evaluated the effectiveness of diversifying investments during market drawdowns.
+They recommend adding investments that make money on average and have a low correlation to equities i.e. liquid alternatives and hedge fund type strategies.
+AQR argue diversification should be true in both normal times and when most needed: during tough periods for equities. Although “hedges”, e.g. Gold, may make money at times of sharemarket crashes, there is a cost, they tend to do worse on average over the longer term.
+Alternative investments are more compelling relative to the traditional asset classes in diversifying a portfolio, they provide the benefits of diversification and have higher returns.
+Lastly, Portfolio diversification involves adding new “risks” to a portfolio, this can be hard to comprehend. Diversification can be harder to achieve in practice than in theory.
+This Post provides a full summary and access to the AQR article.
+The case for Trend (momentum) Strategies
+A sub-set of Alternatives and hedge funds is Trend/Momentum.
+In this recent article MAN present the benefits of introducing Trend following strategies to the traditional Balanced Portfolio. Man note, “Another element that we believe can be of great help to bond-equity portfolios in the future is time-series momentum, or trend-following.”
+Their analysis highlights that adding trend-following results in a significant improvement relation to the Balanced Portfolio, by improving returns, decreases volatility, and reducing the degree of losses when experienced (lower downside risk – drawdowns).
+The case for Tail Risk Hedging
+The expected reduced diversification benefits of fixed income in a Portfolio is a growing view among many investment professionals.
+This presents a very important portfolio construction challenge to address, particularly for those portfolios with high allocations to fixed income.
+There are many ways to approach this challenge,
+This Post focuses on the case for Tail Risk Hedging. It also outlines other approaches.
+In my mind, investment strategies to address the current portfolio challenge need to be considered. The path taken is likely to be determined by individual circumstances.
+Comparing a diversified approach versus Tail Risk Hedging
+On this note, the complexity, and different approaches to providing portfolio protection, was highlighted by a twitter spat between Nassim Nicholas Taleb (Tail Risk Hedging) and Cliff Asness (broad Portfolio Diversification) from earlier in the year.
+I provide a summary of this debate in Table format accessed in this Post, based on a Bloomberg article.
+Several learnings can be gained from their “discussion”.
+Also covered the Post was an article by PIMCO on Hedging for Different Market Scenarios. This provides another perspective and a summary of different strategies and their trade-offs in different market environments.
+Not every type of risk-mitigating strategy can be expected to work in every type of market environment.
+Therefore, maintaining an array of diversification strategies is preferred “investors should diversify their diversifiers”.
+Hedge Funds vs Liquid Alternatives – both bring diversification benefits to a traditional portfolio say Vanguard
+Vanguard recently concluded that investors should carefully consider liquid alternatives and hedge funds.
+This is a very good article presenting the benefits Alternatives would bring to a Balanced Portfolio.
+Their research highlighted that Hedge Funds and Liquid Alternatives both bring portfolio diversification benefits to a traditional portfolio of equities and fixed income.
+They suggest that liquid alternatives are often viable options for investors compared to hedge funds.
+Although hedge funds and liquid alternatives deliver valuable portfolio diversification benefits, “it is crucial that investors assess funds on a standalone basis, as the benefits from any alternative investment allocation will be dictated by the specific strategy of the manager(s).”
+The most important feature in gaining the benefits of hedge funds and liquid alternatives is manager selection. Implementation is key.
+Access to this research can be found here.
+Private Equity Characteristics and benefits to a Portfolio
+For those investors that can invest into illiquid investments, Private Equity (PE) is an option.
+Portfolio analysis, also undertaken by Vanguard, demonstrates that PE can play a significant role in strategic, long-term, diversified portfolios.
+PE is illiquid and so must be actively managed, introducing both illiquidity and manager specific risk to a multi-asset portfolio. Conventional asset allocation approaches often omit illiquidity and active risk dimensions from the risk-return trade-off. Therefore, these models do not reflect the unique aspects of PE and tend to over allocate to PE.
+Vanguard addresses these issues: outlining four key reasons why the economic returns of private equity are different to those of public equities; highlighting the key risks that need to be accounted for when undertaking portfolio modelling including illiquid assets such as PE; and presenting the adjustments they make to portfolio modelling to address the illiquid features of PE and smoothed nature of historical returns.
+This results in more realistic characteristics for PE that can be used for portfolio modelling purposes, reflected in the portfolio allocations generated in the article and the conclusion that PE can play a significant role in strategic, long-term, diversified portfolios.
+A review of Vanguard’s analysis and their results can be found in this Post.
+Real Assets Offer Real diversification benefits
+Real assets such as Farmland, Timberland, Infrastructure, Natural Resources, Real Estate, Inflation-linked Bonds, Commodities, and Foreign Currencies offer real diversification benefits to a portfolio of just equities and fixed income.
+The benefits of Real Assets are noticeable in different economic environments, like stagflation and stagnation, and particularly for those investment portfolios where objectives are linked to inflation.
+These are the conclusions of a recent study by PGIM.
+PGIM provide a brief outline of the investment characteristics for several real assets. They then look at the sensitivity of the real assets to economic growth, inflation, equity markets, and fixed income.
+They note there is wide diversity in real assets’ sensitivities to inflation and growth, and stocks and bonds. These sensitivities vary over time and are best mitigated by holding a portfolio of real assets.
+Therefore, PGIM construct and analyse three real asset strategy portfolios – Diversification, Inflation-Protection and Stagnation-Protection to reach their conclusions.
+I provide a detailed summary of the PGIM Report in this Post.
+Portfolio Tilts
+Adding Emerging Markets and Value tilts to a Portfolio are potential areas to boost future investment returns in what is likely to be a low return environment over the next decade.
+Value of Emerging Markets
+Emerging markets bring the benefits of diversification into different geographies and asset classes for investors, including both public and private markets.
+The case for investing into emerging markets is well documented: a growing share of global economic activity in the years ahead and current attractive valuations underpin the case for considering a higher weighting to emerging markets within portfolios. Particularly considering the low interest rate environment and stretched valuation of the US sharemarket. This is evident in market return forecasts.
+Is a Value bias part of the answer in navigating today’s low interest rate environment
+Value offers the potential for additional returns relative to the broader sharemarket in the years ahead.
+Value is exceptionally cheap, probably the cheapest it has ever been in history, based on several valuation measures and after making adjustments to market indices to try and prove otherwise, such as excluding all Technology, Media, and Telecom Stocks, excluding the largest stocks, and the most expensive stocks.
+There is also little evidence to support the common criticisms of value, such as increased share repurchase activity, low interest rates, and rise of intangible assets.
+This is not a popular view, and quite likely minority view, given the underperformance of value over the last ten years.
+However, the longer-term odds are in favour of maintaining a value tilt and thereby providing a boost to future investment returns in what is likely to be a low return environment over the next decade.
+Please see my Disclosure Statement
+Top 50 Nintendo Series Project Dec 1, 2016 5:31:13 GMT -5 Quote Select PostDeselect PostLink to PostMemberGive GiftBack to Top Post by Koopaul on Dec 1, 2016 5:31:13 GMT -5 So it should be no surprise to you that I am a madman. As a madman I have crazy ideas. And there's been one that's been scratching at my head. "What if there was a way to stack all the Nintendo franchises together and place them in order based on success and general appreciation by Nintendo? Basically which series are more significant than others?"Well I came up with a plan to make a list of the Top 50 Nintendo Series I decided to do it by rewarding points to each series (or a single game) by accomplishing certain things. I had to decide what those things were and how many points to give for those certain things. I had been writing and rewriting the rules for distributing points.Here are the rules I came up with:SPOILER: Click to showRetail Rule- A single game will get 1 point for every region it was released to as a full retail game.Download Only Rule- A game will only get 0.5 points for every region it was released to as a downloadable game only.Money Rule- For every million unit sold of a particular game (worldwide), 1 point will be rewarded.Compilation Rule- Compilation games like Super Mario All-Stars count as their own game and not multiple ones.Remake Rule- Remakes count as their own game and get points, but direct ports don't.App Rule- A downloadable App will be worth 0.5 points no matter how many regions it was released in.Themes Rule- An additional 0.25 points will be added if a series has a theme on the 3DS.Art Style/Electroplankton/Pokemon Mini Rule- These games are so small and miniscule that they only get 0.5 points for retail release and 0.25 for download only.Game & Watch Rule- Game & Watch devices count as 0.5 points each. Only Game & Watch devices without licensed characters count (no Mickey Mouse or Snoopy games). The Game & Watch Gallery games count as compilation titles and get normal points. Game & Watch devices based on other Nintendo franchises will give 0.5 to both Game & Watch series and the other series too.Cross Over Rule- If a game is considered a part of two series, then both series receive points.Versions Rule- If a game has two or more different versions that are released at the same time and on the same system, they don't get any additional points for each version. However, if a new version was released some time after the the first version or on a different console, then that version will get it's own points.Exclusivity Rule- Any game the wasn't released to the general public and only released to a select few, do not get points.Cameo Rule- A series gets 0.25 points for every game (outside said series) that has a cameo, guest appearance, and reference of it. For example Super Mario furniture and references are made in Animal Crossing, therefor the Mario series gets an additional 0.25 points. This only works with Nintendo owned franchises.Smash Bros. Rule- If a series has a character in the game, that series will get 0.5 points per Smash game. Every series that gets and Stage, Item, Music, Trophy, or Sticker will get 0.25 points per game. These points go under Cameo Points.Ownership Rule- A series is considered a Nintendo IP as long as the IP is partially owned by Nintendo. If Nintendo made a game and owns the game but not the IP within the game, then it is not a Nintendo series game and doesn't count.Did you get that? Think these points are unfair? Have a problem with them? Let me know. I actually want your opinion. I'll explain why I came to these rules and if it still doesn't sound right challenge me on it and more than likely I will change it based on a better sounding suggestion.Anyway. After I made the rules I spent 2 days researching every game and series Nintendo ever released!I'm crazy I know. Tons of wasted time. But I lost my job a few months ago and I need to do something.So doing all the research needed, applying the rules, and doing math work I made THE LIST. The Top 50 Nintendo Series! I separated them by tens and there are quite a few ties but please look.NUMBER 1-10SPOILER: Click to show#1. Super MarioRelease Points: 418Cameo Points: 29.5Millions Sold: 518.25Total = 965.75#2. PokemonRelease Points: 159.5Cameo Points: 6.5Millions Sold: 235Total = 401#3. The Legend of ZeldaRelease Points: 84.5Cameo Points: 16Millions Sold: 83.25Total = 183.75#4. Donkey KongRelease Points: 111Cameo Points: 15Millions Sold: 41.75Total = 167.75#5. Wii SportsRelease Points: 7.5Cameo Points: 1.5Millions Sold: 116Total = 125#6. KirbyRelease Points: 79.5Cameo Points: 7.25Millions Sold: 24.5Total = 111.25#7. Game & WatchRelease Points: 77.5Cameo Points: 6.75Total = 84.25#8. WarioRelease Points: 54Cameo Points: 8.5Millions Sold: 7.75Total = 70#9. MetroidRelease Points: 38Cameo Points: 12.5Millions Sold: 9.5Total = 60#10. YoshiRelease Points: 36Cameo Points: 7.25Millions Sold: 12.25Total = 55.5NUMBER 11-20SPOILER: Click to show#11. Wii FitRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 1.75Millions Sold: 43.5Total = 54.25#12. Super Smash Bros.Release Points: 15Cameo Points: 2.25Millions Sold: 30.5Total = 47.75#13. Brain AgeRelease Points: 11.5Cameo Points: 1.75Millions Sold: 34Total = 47#14. Animal Crossing Release Points: 19Cameo Points: 4.75Millions Sold: 20.5Total = 44.25#15. Fire EmblemRelease Points: 30.5Cameo Points: 4.75Millions Sold: 3.75Total = 39#16. Star FoxRelease Points: 21Cameo Points: 7.5Millions Sold: 10.25Total = 38.75#17. NintendogsRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 1.5Millions Sold: 28Total = 38.5#18. Duck HuntRelease Points: 4Cameo Points: 4Millions Sold: 28Total = 36#18. Wii PlayRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.75Millions Sold: 29.25Total = 36#19. F-ZeroRelease Points: 19.5Cameo Points: 6.75Millions Sold: 3Total = 29.25#20. Punch-Out!!Release Points: 19.5Cameo Points: 4.5Millions Sold: 2Total = 26NUMBER 21-30SPOILER: Click to show#21. GolfRelease Points: 21.5Cameo Points: 0.75Millions Sold: 2.5Total = 24.75#22. PikminRelease Points: 15.5Cameo Points: 6.75Millions Sold: 2.5Total = 24.25#23. Excite(bike)Release Points: 16.5Cameo Points: 4.75Millions Sold: 1.5Total = 22.75#24. Puzzle LeagueRelease Points: 20Cameo Points: 1.25Total = 21.25#25. Advance WarsRelease Points: 18Cameo Points: 1.25Total = 19.25#26. Wii PartyRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.25Millions Sold: 11.25Total = 17.5#27. Art AcademyRelease Points: 15Cameo Points: 0.25Millions Sold: 2Total = 17.25#28. Kid IcarusRelease Points: 10Cameo Points: 5.25Millions Sold: 1Total = 16.25#29. Tomodachi LifeRelease Points: 4Cameo Points: 1Millions Sold: 9Total = 14#30. PicrossRelease Points: 13.5Total = 13.5#30. Rhythm HeavenRelease Points: 10Cameo Points: 1.5Millions Sold: 2Total = 13.5#30. TennisRelease Points: 11Cameo Points: 1.25Millions Sold: 1.25Total = 13.5NUMBER 31-40SPOILER: Click to show#31. PilotwingsRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 1.25Millions Sold: 3Total = 13.25#32. Chibi-RoboRelease Ponts: 11.5Cameo Points: 1.5Total = 13#33. Art StyleRelease Points: 12.5Cameo Points: 0.25Total = 12.75#33. Balloon FightRelease Points: 7Cameo Points: 5.75Total = 12.75#34. Style SavvyRelease Points: 10Cameo Points: 0.5Millions Sold: 2Total = 12.5#35. MahjongRelease Points: 9.5Cameo Points: 0.75Millions Sold: 2Total = 12.25#36. Master of IllusionRelease Points: 12Total = 12#36. R.O.B.Release Points: 6Cameo Points: 6Total = 12#37. Wave RaceRelease Points: 8Cameo Points: 1Millions Sold: 2Total = 11#38. BaseballRelease Points: 7Cameo Points: 1.25Millions Sold: 2.25Total = 10.5#38. XenobladeRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 1.5Total = 10.5#39. Earthbound/MotherRelease Points: 6.75Cameo Points: 3.25Total = 10#39. Ice ClimbersRelease Points: 5Cameo Points: 5Total = 10#40. SplatoonRelease Points: 3Cameo Points: 1.75Millions Sold: 5Total = 9.75NUMBER 41-50SPOILER: Click to show#41. Fatal FrameRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 0.5Total = 9.5#41. PinballRelease Points: 8.5Cameo Points: 1Total = 9.5#42. ElectroplanktonRelease Points: 9Cameo Points: 0.25Total = 9.25#42. English TrainingRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.25Millions Sold: 3Total = 9.25#43. Clu Clu LandRelease Points: 5Cameo Points: 4Total = 9#44. Clubhouse GamesRelease Points: 7.5Millions Sold: 1.25Total = 8.75#44. Custom RoboRelease Points: 8Cameo Points: 0.75Total = 8.75#44. Urban ChampionRelease Points: 7.5Cameo Points: 1.25Total = 8.75#45. Cooking NaviRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.5Millions Sold: 2Total = 8.5#45. NES RemixRelease Points: 8.5Total = 8.5#46. Nintendo LandRelease Points: 3Cameo Points: 0.25Millions Sold: 5Total = 8.25#47. SimCityRelease Points: 4Cameo Points: 2Millions Sold: 2Total = 8#47. Wild GunmanRelease Points: 7Cameo Points: 1Total = 8#48. 1080 SnowboardingRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.5Millions Sold: 1.25Total = 7.75#48. Golden SunRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.75Millions Sold: 1Total = 7.75#49. Jam With The BandRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 1.5Total = 7.5#49. The Legendary StarfyRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 1.5Total = 7.5#50. Fossil FightersRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.25Total = 6.25#50. Hogan's AlleyRelease Points: 6Cameo Points: 0.25Total = 6.25#50. Wii Music 3Millions Sold: 3.25Total = 6.25Phew. Well I'm almost positive that there are errors. I'm sure there are plenty of cameos and references I missed. And I'm sure that I miscalculated a couple of times or even missed a game. But that's why I would like your help! Yes. I want you to help me shape the perfect list. Help me rewrite the rules and recalculate the series. This is just a base-work. I want something better and I can't do it myself.What do you say?
+Warning: This blog is my most revealing to date. It is raw and vulnerable. The naked truth. Proceed with caution and be gentle. Pray you don’t see me any differently when you are done.
+Disclaimer: This is a bit more lengthy than my average entry. Just bare with me.
+Aunt Barbara might be the most persuasive woman in the world. Not just in the Northern Hemisphere…in the world. When I was 12 years old I went with her to the Oregon State Fair. The only parking spot we could find was a small patch of grass between two haphazardly parked cars. Her solution? To hop in the stranger’s car that was preventing our parking progress, put it in neutral and push it forward till our parking needs were accommodated. She can even get a parked car to do what she wants! This would explain why she was able to convince me to come face to face with one of my most debilitating phobias–nudity.
+I am the woman in the locker room who does not remove her towel even to shower. I get creative. I am uncomfortable revealing my humps and lady lumps. I don’t really want to observe the markings of my motherhood, or the scars that have come from multiple organ removals. The giant vein from hell that is invading my lower right quadrant is something I would like to ignore. It is far more fun to pretend that my body is a wonderland and a towel is my little red pill.
+It was Dec. 20, approximately 10am, when I sat down at a long wooden table with some of my favorite women in the world, my mom, my cousin Sue, Aunt Nancy and Aunt Barbara. It was there and then Barbara dropped her voodoo magic on me.
+“Get ready honey, cause we are going to the naked spa.” It was as if she had monochromatic spinning tops for eyes. Every fiber of my body, every nervous limb, screamed HELL NO, WE WON’T GO! And yet, as if hypnotized, I said, “okay”. She had put me in neutral.
+The Olympus Spa is located in beautiful downtown Spanaway. It is surrounded by spacious parking lots, Asian specialty shops and is conveniently close to the B&I. Location, location, location. Mom and I arrived fashionably late and collectively nervous. Neither of us were particularly comfortable with the concept of communal bathing, but we were nonetheless ready to ave’ a go, not wanting to squander the generosity of Aunt Barbara.
+We were warmly greeted by the friendly Olympus Staff and given a tour of the facilities. The warm marble floors and tranquil sound of silence intrigued me. We were shown all the luxurious amenities: the salt-room, the mudroom, the dry sauna, the steam room—little dens of serenity. My anxiety was briefly pacified by the anticipation of peace promised. We were handed thin, hospital grade robes, soft white towels and informed that we had exfoliation and massage appointments in the hours to come—we would also need to “soak” for one hour before their commencement. Then it hit me… I would soon be naked. I put on my robe and clung to it like bones cling to flesh. Without it I might die.
+Just then Aunt Barbara and Aunt Nancy came bursting out of the mud room, guns blazing, stark naked and just happy to be there. They were free birds, soaring about in the nude. My sweet mom looked at me knowingly, in an attempt to reassure me that our liberation was just around the corner. I was not so sure. They could see my panic, but the clock was ticking and it was time to get “soakin”. We headed to the poolroom…the hall of nakedness…land of the robeless.
+I feel, at this time, it is necessary to add this caveat for all my male readers.
+The naked spa is not a gathering of super vixens with legs that don’t quit and anti-gravity breasts giving each other neck massage. Instead, there are women of all shapes and sizes represented. Some are 300 pounds with legs that quit after ten minutes. Some have breasts as large as human heads. Some have no breasts at all. Some have skin conditions. Some are 90.
+As I entered the pool area my panic peaked. It was time to get naked. I stood there gripping the flimsy strings of my robe like they were harnesses preventing my eminent demise. It would take the jaws-of-life to get that thing off me. The room was filled with birthday suits and the air void of self -consciousness. Which was why I stood out like a nun at an erotic bakery. My beloved family made every attempt to embolden me but their humorous encouragement soon morphed into genuine concern as I began to cry. Even Master Jedi Barbara was no match for this phobia. The force was strong with me, but I could not seem to let go of my fear. Barbara began to pray…but unfortunately things went from terrifying to unbearable for I discovered…the exfoliation room!
+It looked like a gynecological experiment from hell. Naked women lay prostrate on what looked like operating tables, being scrubbed violently from head to toe by small Korean women with oven mitts, before being doused repeatedly with large buckets of water.
+Mom witnessed my discovery and collected my hand in hers.
+“It’s okay honey. We’re okay. You’re okay. Let’s soak.” She said with a nervous smirk, knowing it would take a miracle to get me on that table. I was no parked car I was a jumbo jet.
+We looked for the tub with the lowest population. Mom bravely entered first. My immersion however, was not so courageously executed. A robust older woman, with a thick gold chain around her neck and smudged garish make-up approached me with an air of empathy and concern.
+“I was just like you my first time too, now I come here everyday. It makes me feel so clean. You’ll be walking around without that robe in ten minutes. You just gotta get in there honey.” She said with a gentle shove.
+There was so much wrong with what had just happened that I could not find words to respond. I just stood there immobilized, bewildered, and deeply disturbed.
+“C’mon hon, just get in there!”
+Before I knew what was happening, my harness, my lifeline, my shroud was whisked away by the lipstick clad jaws-of-life.
+I dove into that tub like go-go speed racer and swam to the corner to seek solace in the jets. I clutched my knees to my chest in an attempt to keep all orifices tightly under wraps. My poor mom was also stunned by what had occurred and sought to comfort me with humor and tenderness. Though her efforts were valiant and appreciated, I knew why I was marinating in that pool. Soon, I would have no water to hide my form, just a couple of roving oven mitts.
+For the next hour I hopped from pool to pool with the moral support of my mom, who would stand waiting for me with a towel at each exit, like I was James Brown. Noting my neurosis and the looming skin care appointment, my cousin, Sue, attempted to make a private appointment for me so that my exfoliation would not be quite so public. But her efforts were in vain. The clock struck 1. It was my turn.
+The Exfoliation Room
+“Hello, my name’s Patty. This your first time?” She was kind and observant.
+“Yes. In fact, I was wondering how you would feel about me keeping this here towel on me during the process.” I said humbly.
+“ How bout I give you this.” It was a hand towel. I was noticeably disappointed but grateful.
+“Oh you so shy. You be fine.” I wasn’t fine. I laid there, whimpering, on my belly with a hand towel partially covering my posterior. The exfoliation had begun. She scrubbed me like a cleaning lady scours an oven. She was fast and furious and thorough. Where there was skin, there was exfoliation. I closed my eyes and tried to find a happy place, but no matter how hard I tried, I couldn’t decide on a destination.
+Just then, I heard the distinctive tambour of Aunt Barbara’s voice in the distance. I decided to open my eyes to trace the sound. I looked up slowly and…
+BAM!!!
+VAGINA!
+They were everywhere. Fearless vaginas. I couldn’t escape. I buried my head into the table, mortified. It was time to turn over. I gripped the sides of the table and held on for dear life. Patty kindly placed the sacred hand towel over me like a fig leaf and continued her work. I used the ceiling as a focal point, as if I were a woman in labor giving birth to softer skin.
+Then, something wonderful happened. Patty collected warm soapy water in a bucket and poured it over my new and improved epidermis. Warmth overwhelmed me. I opened my eyes…and smiled.
+It was a miracle. I was comfortable. Happy even.
+The aquatic blanket was heavenly. Then came the oven mitts. Patty moved her magical mitts in quick circular motions over every inch. PATTY! PATTY! PATTY! I didn’t want it to end. For a moment, I did not feel naked, I felt new. She wrapped my security blanket (robe) around me and sent me on my way.
+It was a little victory. Little Patty had pushed back this jumbo jet. And although I didn’t summit Mount Olympus naked, I did gain some altitude. And sometimes…that’s enough.
+Words of the day
+Dag: a down to earth gal.
+Spit the dummy: Get upset
+Patty really knows how to handle a dag that spits the dummy!
+Aussie Trivia
+Sydney is home to a popular Korean “naked” spa, known as the Ginseng House. I don’t think I’ll go.
+Poll
+Do you have a phobia? Tell me about it.
+Song of the Day
+I’m a Jumbo Jet and I’m Okay
+One thought
+Irma Lescinskaite
+Portfolio
+Description of Creative Steps
+In the paintings, it is attempted to include into the modern art turnover a part of heritage created in Lithuania: to try to use abstract painting means to actualize and bring new meaning to baroque painting heritage of the Great Lithuanian Principality, creating on the basis of this heritage, a modern – installed painting with video projection, musical composition – a cycle of canvases. The concept and importance of the exhibition. Culture’s living and continuity are conditioned by tradition. What distinguishes modern cultural tradition from the earlier one is that it is reflective, that is, based on conscious and directed interpretation of earlier cultural heritage. This way of adopting heritage prevails in all areas of modern culture, including art. In principle, this can be said about painting as well. One of the most important and so far only partially solved tasks of the present Lithuanian culture is the necessity to adopt and actualize the heritage of the Great Lithuanian Principality in a creative way. Due to historical reasons associated, first of all, with a necessity to keep national identity, the reception of this heritage that has long been understood as “non-Lithuanian” and therefore “foreign”, was difficult and slow. Yet, as the country restored its independence, there have been some significant positive changes. It is baroque art that may be named as one of the sources of creative inspiration. This is not only because baroque, judging from the point of view of the history of art, is one of the stages on the way of development that lead to modern and abstract art. As we know, baroque is a special period of development of culture and art in the Great Lithuanian Principality – the real top of its growth and blossom. Taking into consideration links of baroque and modern art and the necessity to include into the modern art turnover all the artistic heritage created in Lithuania, we can understand the main idea – to try, using abstract painting means to actualize and bring new meaning to baroque painting heritage of the Great Lithuanian Principality creating a modern, although based on this heritage, cycle of paintings. Creation of this cycle of paintings was also inspired by XVII c. frescos of Lithuanian churches with dominating expressively painted marble imitations, details of architecture and nature creating unclear combinations. The works based on old heritage attempt to actualize and revive principles of old regional art. The canvases are painted on the principle of dialectical opposites. Transfer of abstraction from baroque-like festive colour expression to two-dimensional canvas plane with graphic pattern. Within the framework of paintings, the following techniques have been used: drawing, oil, spray, marker, etc. A DVD format video projection animates graphic works drawn with a marker. Drawings (like chandeliers) move on frescos by video projection on a certain part of a colour painting making groups of lively moving fragments of the drawing. The impression of movement is created and felt only on a deliberately lighted part of the painting where a filmed material connected in its story with the separate details of the paintings would be shown by video projectors. The video projection image and music (Linas Rimsa) are fully synchronized, the combination of both is grounded on certain common composition structures (fractals, notes, video elements, etc.) in time. The sound allows to reveal in time plastic layers of painting, to open visual fields. In the installation, the sound becomes not only a musical, but rather an architectural, physical, often almost a symbolic unit. Since the images exist only as long as they are shown, they follow each other in a certain order, forms acquire sound images, the spectator is presented with colourful manipulations and composition means potential. In my works, I search for various combinations of artistic expression forms. In 2013 an artistic project-classical music concert (pianist Viktoras Paukstelis) and paintings with video scenography took place in the Klaipeda Concert Hall. In 2014, an exhibition of photography (Remigijus Treigys) and paintings was organized at the Art Gallery of the Šiauliai University.
+Degree(s) and College(s)
+From 2016 studies (PhD) in the field of education of social sciences at Klaipedos universitety.
+2004-2007 Vilnius Academy of Art, Licensee of Arts Degree, Lithuania.
+1992-1998 Vilnius Academy of Art, Master painting, Lithuania.
+2001 – member of Lithuanian Union of Artists (status of a creator was granted).
+1996 – Studies of painting at Salzburg Summer Arts Academy (teachers – Nancy Spero and Leon Golub, USA), Austria.
+2019 – scholarship provided by Klaipeda City Municipality.
+2018 – scholarship provided by KKKC (Klaipeda, Lithuania) and SIM-The Association of Icelandic Visual Artists, SIM Residency, Reykjavik, Iceland.
+2009, 2016, 2018 – scholarship provided by Lithuanian Ministry of Culture.
+2006 – scholarship for residency at Kunstlerhaus Lukas, Ahrenshoop (StiftungKulturfonds), Germany.
+1996 – scholarship by J. Soros.
+Creative activities
+Has been participating in exhibitions in Lithuania and abroad since 1990. Supervisor of international
+artistic projects. Held 23 personal exhibitions in Lithuanian galleries, participated in 84 joint painting
+exhibitions, artistic projects in Lithuania, Austria, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Denmark,
+Poland, Sweden, Finland, and Latvia.
+Academic activities
+Assistant professor of Department of Fine Arts of Klaipeda University.
+Deputy Chairperson of Immovable Cultural Heritage Evaluation Committee of Palanga city municipality,
+member of the committee.
+Methodological instructive works
+Instruction book, methodological aid Irma Lescinskaite “Relations between the XX c. Abstract Expressionism
+and Baroque Painting”, 2001. Publishing house of Vilnius Academy of Arts, 66 p., ISBN 978-609-447-013-4.
+Instruction book, methodological aid Irma Lescinskaite “XX c. Abstraction in Lithuanian Painting
+of the 7-9th Decades”, 2010. Printing House of Klaipeda University, 73 p., ISBN 978-9955-18-485-0, second edition.
+Personal Exhibitions
+2020 - Personal exhibition "Micro-worlds: Abstract Images"/(“Painting, Modern
+Technologies II, Instalations, Objects”), KCCC Exhibition Hall, Klaipeda.
+2019 – Personal exhibition of paintings/ Abstract of miniatures/The History Museum of Lithuania Minor, Klaipeda.
+2019 – Personal exhibition of paintings/ Abstract of miniatures/ P. Domsaitis gallery, Klaipeda.
+2018 – Personal exhibition of paintings /Compozition I, II, III, IV/, “il Rivellino Leonardo Da Vinci “Art gallery, Locarno, Switzerland.
+2018 Personal exhibition of paintings /Layers – Schichten/ Alexianer St. Hedwig Kliniken/ Berlin,
+Germany.
+2017 Personal exhibition of paintings/ Tapyba, siuolaikines technologijos II/ (“Painting, Modern
+Technologies II”), KCCC Exhibition Hall, Klaipeda.
+2017 – representation of Lithuanian in the World EXPO exhibition, exposition – personal painting
+exhibition “Tapyba-siuolaikines technologijos” (“Painting-Modern Technologies”) in the Lithuanian
+Pavilion, Astana, Kazakhstan.
+2017 – representation of the cultural capital of Klaipeda during cultural events in Kaunas city –
+personal exhibition “Tapyba, siuolaikines technologijos I” (“Painting, Modern Technologies
+I”), “Meno Forma” gallery Kaunas.
+2013: Personal exhibition of paintings “Autonomy of the creative space II”, Exhibition Hall, Klaipeda.
+2012: Personal exhibition of paintings “Autonomy of the creative space I”, Pamenkalnio gallery, Vilnius.
+2012: Personal exhibition of paintings “Six Intentions”, Klaipėda Culture Communication Centre.
+2009-2010: Personal exhibition of paintings + video projection “Continual Production of Images”, Klaipeda Culture Communication Centre, Klaipeda.
+2008: Personal exhibition of paintings “Continual Production of Images”, “ArtLab” gallery, Klaipeda.
+2008: Personal exhibition of paintings, Painting Mixed Media, “Art house”, Kaunas.
+2007: Personal exhibition of paintings “Tattoo Abstraction”, “Artima” gallery, Vilnius.
+2007: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Intro” gallery, Vilnius.
+2007: Personal exhibition of paintings “Century talking – tattoo abstraction”, Klaipeda Art Exhibition Palace.
+2007: Personal exhibition of paintings, Communication History Museum, Kaunas.
+2007: Personal exhibition of paintings “Abstraction XX”, “Gallery XX” gallery, Panevezys.
+2006: Personal exhibition of paintings “Century talking”, “Studio” gallery, Institute of Art, Kaunas.
+2006: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Art house” gallery, Kaunas.
+2006: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2006: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Golden cut” gallery, Business Leader Centre, Kaunas.
+2005: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Akademija” gallery, Vilnius.
+2005: Personal exhibition of paintings “Tattoo abstraction”, National Youth Theatre, Vilnius.
+2004: Personal exhibition of paintings, “Rotunda” gallery, Vilnius.
+2000: Personal exhibition of paintings, Kaunas Art Institute.
+1999: Personal exhibition of paintings, Kaunas State Philharmonic Society.
+1999: Personal exhibition of paintings, Higher Folk Crafts School of Dalia and Zigmas Kalesinskai, Vilkija, Kaunas.
+1998: Personal exhibition of paintings, Alytus Theatre Gallery.
+1990: Personal exhibition of paintings, Alytus.
+Exhibitions Participated
+2019-group exhibition /Venire per Avere, Come to Have/ Contemporary art museum, „Arcos“, Benevento, Italy.
+2019 - group exhibition/ Venire per Avere, Come to Have/ Archaeological museum “Di Nola”, Neapol, Italy.
+2019 - group exhibition/ Horizon/ installation, objects, drawings, paintings, video/ Exhibition Hall, Klaipeda.
+2018 – group exhibition/ Objects/ SIM Residency, Reykjavik, Iceland.
+2018 – group contemporary art /10 Jours EN LITUANE” Locarno film festival/il Rivellino Leonardo Da Vinci Art gallery, Locarno, Switzerland.
+2017 – group painting exhibition /Kaleidoscope of the Mind/ “Agora” gallery, USA, New York.
+2017 – painting exhibition/Tradiciju ir pokyciu karta/ (“Generation of Traditions and Changes”)/ Exhibition Hall, Klaipeda.
+2016 – XVI International Vilnius Painting Triennial /Nomadiški vaizdai/ (“Nomadic Images”), Painting Gallery, Kaunas.
+2016 – KU art project /Artistic Interpretations of Archaeological Findings in the Old Town of Klaipeda/ Klaipeda.
+2016 – art project /Galeriju dienos/ (“Gallery Days”), joint exhibition of paintings and modern technologies in the KCCC, Klaipeda.
+2016 – exhibition of painting and modern technologies, lecture given by a designer Xiao Yong during the presentation of the Chinese Cultural Day in the Klaipeda University.
+2016 Akmene city/ forum of cultural development / Išjudinkime akmenis (“Let’s shift the stones”)/ curator of the art.
+2016 Art project/ “Sviesu festivalis” (“Festival of Lights”)/ Klaipeda.
+2015 Art project/Gallery day/ Culture Communication centre, Klaipeda.
+2015 Author of illustrations, creation of 21 illustrations for a book R. Rimsa „Pludrumas“, printing “Juodos avys” ISBN 978-609-95494-1-5.
+2014 Strong Materiality/painting and photography/Šiauliai University gallery.
+2014: Joint exhibition of paintings, “Sky 21 Terrace”, Klaipėda Hotel, Klaipėda.
+2014: Siauliai University gallery “Strong Materiality”, painting (Irma Lescinskaite) and photography (Remigijus Treigys), Siauliai.
+2012: Art Project “Ringing Colours”, painting (Irma Lescinskaite) and classical music (Victor Paukstelis) installation, Concert Hall, Klaipeda.
+2012: International Art Project: Incident 2-Accident, Museum In Czestochowa, Poland.
+2012: International “Billboard” Festival of Paintings, Viborg, Denmark.
+2012: Exhibition of paintings “Forgotten Art”, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2011: Exhibition of paintings “About Them”, Vilnius Town Hall, Vilnius.
+2011: Joint exhibition “Behind the White Curtain”, Lithuanian Pavilion at 54th International Art Exhibition - La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, Italy.
+2011: KU, VAA students’ exhibition “Jungtis”, Exhibition Hall, Klaipėda (curator of the exhibition).
+2010: author of the KU educational sailing ship “Brabander“ emblem, (work in material G.Jonkus) bronze, oak.
+2010: Joint artists‘ exhibition of paintings, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2010: Joint artists‘ exhibition of paintings “State of Anxiety”, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2010: Joint exhibition, Lithuanian-Polish Project “Contemporary Painting PostEvolution”, Klaipėda Exhibition, Hall, Lithuania.
+2009: Exhibition of paintings “Lithuanian Fine Arts dedicated to the Millennium Anniversary of Lithuania“, City Hall, Kreuzburg, Germany.
+2009: “Art Park” Lithuanian Artists’ Exhibition “70: Painting, Graphics, Sculpturing” Vice Versa Art Linz – Vilnius 2009 part II. Gallery of Linz, Austria.
+2009: Joint Audiovisual Project “Sublimation”, Klaipeda Exhibition Hall.
+2009: Exhibition Millennium, dedicated to the commemoration of Lithuanian name in written records, Exhibition
+Centre of Contemporary Art Kunstpakhuset, Ikasto, Denmark.
+2009: Joint exhibition of paintings, “Rutu�� gallery, Klaipeda.
+2009: Art Exhibition of Lithuanian Artists‘ Association members – Vilnius City Municipality (painting,
+graphics), G. Petkevicaites-Bites library in Panevezys , “Galerija XX”, Panevezys, Utena Town Culture Centre art gallery.
+2008: Exhibition of paintings (participants – artists of Kaunas city) “Kaunas on the side of painting”, “Meno parkas” gallery, Kaunas.
+2008: International Art Project “Dimension 08” Klaipeda, Lithuania-Visbi, Gotland County, Sweden (curator of the project).
+2008: Exhibition “The Five”, Pamenkalnio gallery, Vilnius.
+2008: Exhibition of drawing and graphics, Szczecin, Gdansk, Poland (exposed in the tall ship “Brabander”.
+2008: Exhibition of paintings, Artists’ Association gallery “Art Gallery Santa Teresa”, Fano, Italy.
+2008: Exhibition of paintings “Abstraction: two sides of painting and reality”, Klaipeda Exhibition Hall.
+2008: Exhibition of paintings “Cats”, “XX Century” gallery, Gallery of Lithuanian Artists’ Association, Panevezys.
+2008: Exhibition of Paintings, Gallery of Artists’ Association LR Cultural Attache Office, Warsaw, Poland.
+2008: Exhibition of paintings, Artists’ Union Gallery, Riga, Latvia.
+2007: Presentation of Lithuanian Contemporary Art “Drawings Here and There”, Lvov, Ukraine. (Lithuanian Embassy in Ukraine).
+2007: International Art Exhibition “4x=?” (teachers of higher schools), Museum of Contemporary Art, Radom, Poland.
+2007: Exhibition of drawings “Langen Nacht der Kunst”, Kunstlerhaus Lukas, Ahrenshoop, Germany.
+2007: Art Project “Monologue”, Centre of Contemporary Art, Vilnius.
+2007: Art Project “Sound, Motion and Music Composition‘, Sea feast, Klaipeda (curator of the project).
+2007: International Art Project “Bees – art space”, Klaipeda.
+2007: Exhibition of paintings of Lithuanian Artists, Historical Fine Arts Museum, Kaliningrad, Russia.
+2007: Travelling Exhibition of Paintings, organized by the Lithuanian Artists Association, Helsinki, Finland.
+2007: Symposium “Raigardas”, Exhibition of paintings, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2007: International Painting Symposium “Panevezys 2007” dedicated to A.Narusevicius, “Gallery XX” gallery,Panevezys.
+2006: International Painting Exhibition “3+4 Young Art of Three Countries”, Art Museum in Ystad, Sweden.
+2006: Art Project “Occupation”, in the spaces of Kaunas city.
+2006: Kunstlerhaus Lukas, Ahrenshoop (Stiftung Kulturfonds): catalogue of paintings published (500 copies), scholarship and artists’ residency granted. International Art Exhibition “3+4, Young Art of Three” Countries in Neues Kunsthaus
+Gallery and Kunsthaus Lukas Gallery, Ahrenshoop, Germany.
+2006: Joint exhibition of paintings “Gratulatio Vilnae”, “Arka”gallery, Vilnius.
+2006: International painting symposium “Raigardas”, dedicated to A.Vaitkunas, Druskininkai.
+2006: International painting symposium “Panevezys 2006” dedicated to A.Narusevicius, “Gallery XX” gallery, Panevezys.
+2006: Exhibition of paintings “Vilnius City FIesta 2006“, “Arka” gallery, Vilnius.
+2005: Group exhibition of paintings “Barter exchange”, “Artima” gallery, Vilnius.
+2005: Joint exhibition of paintings, “A.Savicko gallery”, Nida, Palanga.
+2005: Joint exhibition of paintings “Reality X Abstraction”, Vilnius “Intro” gallery, Klaipėda Art Exhibition Hall, Šiauliai Art Gallery,
+2005: Joint exhibition of paintings, “Kolonada” cafe, Druskininkai.
+2005: Joint exhibition of paintings, “Karolina” hotel, Vilnius.
+2005: International Painting Symposium “Raigardas”, Druskininkai.
+2004: Exhibition of two painters “Kodas AxI”, “Art Park” gallery, Kaunas.
+2004: International Symposium, painters of Exhibition in Nida, dedicated to 10th anniversary of the group
+“Brücke” and to the continuation of its tradition at “Rotuse” gallery, Vilnius.
+2004: XII Vilnius Painting Triennial – Seven Rules of Painting at Modern Art Centre, Vilnius.
+2004: Exhibition of paintings “The Best Work of the Year”, Kaunas Picture Gallery.
+2004: Exhibition of paintings of the Lithuanian Artists’ Association members “SelfPortrait”, “Arka” gallery.
+2004: XI International Painting Symposium and Exhibition “Ecological Landscape” dedicated to Antanas Samuolis,
+Kaunas “Menu parkas” gallery and Vilnius “Arka” gallery.
+2004: Painting Symposium in Videniskes, Moletai.
+2003: Exhibition of paintings “Private Territory”, Klaipėda Exhibition Hall.
+2003: “Still life” Exhibition of the Lithuanian Artists’ Association members, “Arka” gallery.
+2002: Exhibition of paintings of the Lithuanian Artists’ Association members “Vilnius Painting”, “Arka” gallery.
+2002: “Still life” Exhibition of the Lithuanian Artists’ Association members, “Arka” gallery.
+2001: Exhibition of paintings “The Best Work of the Year”, Kaunas Picture Gallery.
+2000: Symposium and Exhibition, International Artists’ Project “Ecological Scenery”) Goldegg, Austria.
+2000: Joint “Beremu” exhibition of paintings in Alytus Municipality, Vilnius Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kaunas “Window” gallery.
+1999: Symposium and Exhibition of paintings, Lithuanian Artists “Lithuanian Art” in Bosa Gallery, Sardinia,
+Italy. (curator of the exhibition together with S.Kruopis).
+1999: International joint “Window” exhibition of paintings dedicated to an ecological project “Transformation” part I,
+Kaunas “Window” gallery (curator of the project).
+1999: International joint “Window” exhibition of paintings dedicated to an ecological project “Transformation”
+part II, Higher Folk Crafts School of Dalia and Zigmas Kalesinskai, Vilkija, Kaunas (curator of the project).
+1999: Joint “Window” Exhibition of paintings “Transformation”, ‘ Kaunas “Window” gallery.
+1998: International Artists’ Symposium and Exhibition in Nida Exhibition Gallery.
+1998: Exhibition of paintings about Nida’s landscape, Vilnius “Arka” gallery and Kaunas “Window” gallery.
+1998: Nida’s painting exhibition, Vilnius “Arka” gallery and Kaunas “Window” gallery.
+1997: Painting and drawing exhibition of the Vilnius Fine Arts Academy students at the Modern Art Centre in Vilnius dedicated to the 200th
+anniversary of the Faculty of Painting and Drawing. Modern Art Centre, Vilnius,
+1997: International European Artists’ Symposium “Face to Face”, Cernovci, Ukraine. Exhibition of paintings in Kiev, Ukraine.
+1997: Exhibition of paintings dedicated to Theatre Festival of Vilnius University.
+1997: Exhibition of paintings, Alternative Art Centre, Užupis 2, Vilnius.
+1997: Participation in Students’ Art Days, Vilnius Art Academy.
+1997: Exhibition of paintings of the Master’s degree students, “Academy” gallery, Vilnius.
+1997: Italian, Austrian, German, Lithuanian artists’ group “Langas”, exhibition of paintings “Triangolo d oro” (“Gold Triangle”), Vilnius “Arka” gallery and Kaunas “Window” gallery (curator of the exhibition).
+1996: Salzburg Summer Academy of Fine Arts, Austria. Exhibition of paintings, Hallein, Austria.
+1994: Participation in Students’ Art Days, Šiauliai University.
+1993: Participation in Students’ Art Days, Vilnius Art Academy.
+1992: Alytus city artists’ exhibition of paintings in Alytus Museum of Ethnography.
+1992: Participation in Students’ Art Days, Vilnius Art Academy.
+1991: Joint exhibition of paintings, “Aurochs horn”, Vilnius.
+Reviews
+The Depth of Abstraction
+When I am looking at the paintings of Irma Lescinskaite, I always raise same questions: what amount of
+information may an abstract of art contain? The answer coming to my mind is infinitely much. If it is so, the
+informational references of what kind do I see in them? I would answer pointing out to maybe old-fashioned,
+but still my favorable principle of oppositions: references to culture and nature; to world and local art; to
+social consciousness and the most intimate personal experiences; to feelings and meditative states; to cultural
+phenomena belonging to past and present…Of course we can detect more such references if we wish, just
+some preparation enabling to this is necessary. But even more important is the necessity to be able to catch
+sight of the structures forming out of those “informational units”, which, while making their appearance in
+those paintings, are at the same time extremely fascinating. In this respect I could compare the works of Irma
+to some musical compositions, for example, to Philippe Glasso Music with Changing Parts…
+Alfonsas Andriuskevicius - art critic
+The Quest for Certainty
+Irma Lescinskaite belongs to the younger generation of Lithuanian painters and she undoubtedly is one of the
+most original and conceptual of its representatives. Her painting is a brilliant combination of professional
+mastership and metaphysical striving. The painter is able to use in a masterly fashion all means of expression
+of the pictorial art, the most important to her being color. Her paintings manifest many features of postmodern
+art: irony and self-irony, free and elegant citing-play with the forms of past culture, especially those of the
+baroque pictorial art. These paintings could be described as abounding in immense passion and tension
+metaphysics of color, striving to bridge the gap between the visible and the invisible worlds. This
+metaphysically-oriented painting is the quest for the only would-be and therefore probably unattainable
+synthesis of the worldly and the otherworldly realities. Nevertheless, the hopeful tension radiating from those
+paintings bears an authentic testimony to our postmodern “neither-nor” situation and the very creation of the
+artist is a vivid proof that the search for Being and its meaning never ends.
+Vytautas Radzvilas - philosopher
+Now that President Bill Clinton has confessed to an affair with Monica Lewinsky, one might expect some camaraderie between two of the scandal’s prime movers: Clinton-hating literary agent Lucianne Goldberg and the journalist she affectionately nicknamed “Spikey,” Newsweek ‘s muckraking Washington correspondent, Michael Isikoff. But a recent outgoing message on Ms. Goldberg’s answering machine suggested to all who called that the two stars of the scandal have had a falling-out: “This is the Goldberg Agency,” Ms. Goldberg growls on the recording. “Leave your name and number and I’ll call you back. Unless you’re Michael Isikoff, in which case I won’t.”
+According to Ms. Goldberg, she and Mr. Isikoff fell out over an Aug. 10 Newsweek article entitled “Lewinsky vs. Clinton,” which Ms. Goldberg says portrayed her and her friend and client, Linda Tripp, in an unflattering light. “He made Linda and I out like the two witches of Macbeth , sort of plotting and scheming, which I didn’t like,” Ms. Goldberg said. (She didn’t say what happened to the third witch.) “I didn’t like the way they interviewed Linda,” she said. “His magazine just has to be a little bit more fair when they deal with truth-tellers.”
+The falling-out could not have come at a worse time for Mr. Isikoff. It was back in October 1997 that Ms. Goldberg invited Mr. Isikoff to the Washington home of her son Jonah to hear Ms. Tripp’s allegations against the President, a fateful meeting that helped expand the scandal to its current dimensions. Since then, Ms. Goldberg has been dispensing bits of information to favored reporters the way a zookeeper flips fish to seals. As the scandal rushes toward what may be its calamitous finale, Ms. Goldberg could be a conduit to the mother lode of scoops: Ms. Tripp’s tape recordings of her phone conversations with Ms. Lewinsky.
+So when Mr. Isikoff learned that Ms. Goldberg was angry, he tried to make nice. According to Ms. Goldberg, in the days after she recorded her answering machine message, Mr. Isikoff called repeatedly, asking for her forgiveness and arguing that in TV appearances he’d given Ms. Goldberg’s side of the story. Still, the agent could not be appeased.
+“I said, ‘I’ll let you grovel, but if you’ll hold on a minute, I want to get this on tape because it’ll be a collectors item,'” Ms. Goldberg told Off the Record. “So I put a tape in and he said, ‘Fine, tape me groveling, I don’t mind.’ And he groveled some more. And he groveled and groveled . And I let him grovel.”
+Mr. Isikoff characterized the conversations somewhat differently.
+“I did not retract anything or correct anything,” he said. “What I apologized for was that, given that she was quoted in the article, I probably could have given her a better heads-up on what was said. The article is accurate, and we have no regrets about the article.”
+Answering machine warfare is nothing new for Ms. Goldberg. After receiving calls from an aggressive CNN producer in January, she recorded a message that told CNN reporters: “Lose my number.” That one got played by Tom Brokaw on NBC Nightly News . “[Matt] Drudge has a Web site and I have an answering machine,” Ms. Goldberg said.
+Mr. Isikoff’s groveling seems to have placed him back in Ms. Goldberg’s good graces. The literary agent praised Mr. Isikoff, both as a reporter and as a physical specimen. “I find him small and perfectly formed,” Ms. Goldberg said, before going on to laud Mr. Isikoff’s reporting on the Lewinsky story. “Mike never gave up, and he deserves high praise.”
+“If I didn’t like him so much personally, I simply wouldn’t speak to him again,” she added. “But he’s a very interesting young man, and he deserves to live.”
+-William Berlind
+When Charles Gibson took his seat in the anchor’s chair on the set of ABC’s World News Tonight the evening of Aug. 6, everything was going fine. The producer cued the bombastic musical intro, the cameras rolled, and Mr. Gibson, filling in for Peter Jennings, started delivering the 6:30 news. But then, about halfway into the live newscast, he was interrupted by a chorus of shrieking alarms and flashing strobe lights. Mr. Gibson calmly informed viewers that there was a fire in the building and cut to a taped news report as technicians figured out a way to shut off the alarm. Soon, smoke began to fill the hallways outside World News Tonight ‘s third-floor studio, and employees on the fourth and fifth floors were ordered to evacuate. Not long after that, the building was overrun by New York City firemen.
+According to one ABC News producer, the fire originated in a wastebasket in the office of correspondent Bill Redeker, who is known to flaunt the office no-smoking policy regularly. “Everyone assumes it was a cigarette in the wastebasket,” said another ABC source.
+ABC News spokesman Eileen Murphy said the network had no plans to change the building’s alarm system so that it would not interfere with live newscasts. “The reason we have a fire alarm is to alert people of a fire,” she said. “I don’t think that will be reconfigured.” Ms. Murphy added that a memo had been circulated to the staff “to remind them of the company policy and city policy against smoking in the office.” Mr. Redeker did not return calls for comment.
+Advance Publications chairman S.I. (Si) Newhouse Jr. is trying to make amends with outgoing Glamour editor Ruth Whitney, despite Ms. Whitney’s harsh public criticisms of Mr. Newhouse’s pick to succeed her, former Cosmopolitan editor Bonnie Fuller. After her forced exit was announced on Aug. 10, Ms. Whitney told the New York Post , “I’m very disappointed with the replacement” and complained to Newsweek that she feared Ms. Fuller would cheapen her magazine. Then Ms. Whitney declined to accompany Mr. Newhouse when he addressed anxious Glamour staff members a day after the announcement.
+But 30 years at Condé Nast’s most profitable magazine has earned Ms. Whitney a certain amount of deference from her superiors even as they shuffle her out the door. (In a rare moment of candor, Condé Nast president Steve Florio last year told The New York Times , “Without Glamour , I don’t even want to think about what the bottom line of this company would look like.”) A source at Glamour reports that Mr. Newhouse recently called on Ms. Whitney and persuaded her to allow him to host a reception in her honor. “They are giving me a reception,” Ms. Whitney told Off the Record. “Si came down to my office to talk me into it.”
+“There’s nothing wrong with the retirement bit,” she added. “I just wish I had been consulted in some way about possible successors.” Ms. Whitney said she is concerned about the fate of her staff, which she described as “very anxious.” Ms. Fuller has already had breakfast and lunch meetings with a number of Glamour editors, and will begin her new duties at Condé Nast on Sept. 14.
+Meanwhile, over at Hearst Magazines, Ms. Fuller’s successor, Kate White, is negotiating the cultural divide between the square middle-American ethos of Redbook and her new post as editor of the gleefully trashy Cosmopolitan . One Cosmo source reports that when Ms. White was introduced to her new staff by Hearst Magazines president Cathleen Black, only an hour after Ms. Fuller announced her departure, Ms. White was wearing a pink dress-a definite Cosmo no-no. To compensate for the fashion faux pas, Ms. White assured her staff that she would be wearing more black.
+Sometimes newspaper writers who cover professional sports teams attempt to transcend the daily drudgery of locker-room quote collection by playing at being powerful. Sometimes their gambits backfire.
+Earlier this summer, Marty Noble, who covers the New York Mets for Newsda y, was eager to swing for the fences. Mr. Noble, the senior man on the beat, told some of his colleagues in the Shea Stadium press box that he could get the Mets’ manager, Bobby Valentine, fired if only he could confirm that Mr. Valentine had said a certain “seven words.” Mr. Valentine caught wind of this, and the relationship between the two men, which was already a little strained-they hadn’t spoken to each other since last season-deteriorated further.
+After The Observer reported this state of affairs, Mr. Noble’s editors at Newsday asked their man to repair his relationship with the manager. Even though they had detected no signs of an agenda in his coverage, they were concerned, according to a source, that the appearance of one might hurt the newspaper.
+“We all agreed, including Marty, that it was a good time to clear the air,” said Steve Ruinsky, Newsday ‘s assistant managing editor for sports. “But Marty was not told to do it. He didn’t need to be. He had an interest in doing it as well.”
+So, on July 28, out at Shea, Mr. Noble buttonholed Mr. Valentine and attempted to make peace. According to sources in the press box who claim to have knowledge of the conversation, the exchange went something like this:
+Mr. Noble: Let’s try to put this behind us .
+Mr. Valentine: You’ve got to be kidding. You go around telling people you have seven words to get me fired. You are trying to cause me to not have a job, and now you want to be my friend? What do you want to do, go to the movies? See a Broadway show? Get the fuck away from me .
+Clubhouse versions being what they are-that is, a cross between Rashomon and Abbott and Costello’s “Who’s on first?” routine-it’s not surprising that both men confirm they had a conversation, but deny that particular account of it.
+“That’s fascinating,” Mr. Noble said. “It was nothing like that at all. What I told him is that there was no agenda. We discussed it and had an amicable discussion.”
+Mr. Valentine wasn’t so sure about the amicable part. “We talked,” he said. “It was brief. It was without much substance, but I was all ears. I was willing to listen to a guy who I’ve known for a long time to see what his story was. But the problem is, he didn’t tell me his whole story. He was just doing something he was told to do.”
+After their little summit, Mr. Noble stopped coming out to the ball park, and his byline disappeared from Newsday ‘s sports pages, giving rise to speculation among baseball writers that he was ducking Mr. Valentine to avoid getting in trouble with his editors over his failure to kiss and make up with the manager. But his editors say that’s not so. “He’s been in the hospital getting some tests,” said Bill Eichenberger, Newsday ‘s deputy sports editor. “This had nothing to do with his relationship with Valentine.”
+Mr. Noble got the O.K. from his doctors, so by Aug. 17, he was back on the beat, though not necessarily back in the good graces of Bobby Valentine.
+-Nick Paumgarten
+You can reach Off the Record by e–mail at
+wstjohn@observer.com.
+In Scandinavian and Northern European nations today, as well as most coastal regions of the United States and many parts of Australia and New Zealand, a growing number of individuals do not believe in supernatural entities and reject religion in general. However, surveys show that supernatural beliefs are on the rise worldwide, an increase driven by resurgent religion in Africa, Asia, and most of the Americas (Berger 1999, Johnson 2010, Pew Research Center 2015). Why is widespread rejection of supernatural worldviews so rare, historically speaking? And what is so unusual about the social contexts within which post-supernaturalism becomes widespread?
+Several social theories have attempted to describe pathways through which a culture can shift away from supernatural religiosity and toward post-supernaturalist secularity, many of which enjoy significant empirical support. After an exhaustive literature review, we identified the following six as being (1) the most influential, (2) the most relevant to interpreting the emergence and stabilization of post-supernatural cultures, and (3) the most empirically well supported.
+Although some champions of these theories view them as inherently competitive or even mutually exclusive, we argue that these mainstream theories offer partial perspectives on a more complex architecture of causal factors driving changes in the religiosity and secularity of human populations. We are not alone. Ruiter and van Tubergen, for example, have attempted to show how (what we are calling) the existential security and supply-side paths can be “taken together” to “provide insights into differences in initial conditions, path dependency, and the reason why religious trends are sometimes reversed” (2009,.
+We synthesize the core elements of these theories into a consistent conceptual architecture and implement the resulting model in a system-dynamics computer simulation. This allows us, first, to demonstrate the coherence of the synthesis, as implementation in a computational simulation imposes demanding requirements of conceptual clarity and consistency. The simulation also allows us to identify plausible conditions under which a population with a majority of individuals embracing supernatural beliefs (we will use.
+We refer to the computer simulation presented here as FOReST (an acronym for the “future of religious and secular transitions”). FOReST indicates that the conditions for producing widespread rejection of supernaturalist religion are highly specific, hard to produce, and difficult to sustain because they are individually necessary. When those necessary conditions combine, which is historically rare, there emerges a stable social equilibrium within which most people can contest maturationally natural cognitive tendencies to embrace supernatural thinking and behaving. Because it requires steady inputs of substantial energy to contest maturationally natural cognition and behavior, this post-supernatural social equilibrium may be easier to destabilize than more common social equilibria that take advantage of maturationally natural cognitive tendencies toward supernatural beliefs and practices.
+FOReST is built on a causal model that synthesizes six empirically supported theories of secularization processes. As a simulation built upon these empirically well-grounded theories, FOReST provides a plausible model of the complex causal processes that underlie transitions from religious to secular and vice versa in actual human societies. Each theory synthesized represents a different “path” in our model (however, readers should be clear that our model is a systems-dynamic model,.
+Constructing models is one thing; determining whether this synthesized causal architecture makes conceptual sense is another. Such a determination is dependent on the empirically validated theoretical arguments to which we have already alluded. Plausibility can also be increased by exposing this novel architecture to the conceptual rigors of implementation in a computational simulation. Building such a model demands precise specification of how the major components of the theory fit together. That process of clarification also requires us to make the model more specific in some places, and also to limit the scope of its applicability. One key to this is specifying the vague Religious Culture variable (Figure 1, lower left) so critical to the Cultural Particularity Path. We conceptualize this variable in a way that encompasses dynamics that tend to produce liberal religious cultures or conservative religious cultures. All details of the conceptual model are included in the Supplementary Materials.
+To analyze the processes that lead to changes between supernaturalist religion and post-supernaturalist secularism, we incorporated a conversion process into the synthesized causal architecture. The conversion process depicts post-supernaturalist secular and supernaturalist religious people being born and dying, and in between possibly converting from one posture to the other (Supplementary Materials contain detailed diagrams). People begin life either as supernaturalist religious babies or post-supernaturalist secular babies, corresponding to their dominant family and cultural heritage (these family and cultural relationships are implied, not explicitly incorporated into the model). Supernaturalist religious babies have three possible fates:.
+Verification is an important phase of developing a system-dynamics computational simulation. One key question is: Does the expected range of behaviors emerge for appropriate flow-rate settings? For almost all settings of the six flow rates, this conversion process converges on an equilibrium state in which the ratio of supernaturalist religious people to post-supernaturalist secular people remains constant. The line graph in Figure.
+The formulas in the system-dynamics model of the causal architecture are as natural as possible (products are used when the input quantities are linked by a logical AND while averages are used when the link is a logical OR). Slightly more complex, but still natural, formulas express the way the Modernity Pro and Modernity Con variables are derived and how they in turn increment and decrement (respectively) the Modernity variable. The formulas for the six variables feeding into the conversion model express commonsense interpretations of the two birthrates, the two exposure rates, and the two conversion rates. Those details are also available in the Supplementary Materials.
+Using AnyLogic version 7 (The AnyLogic Company 2015), we ran this model through a parameter sweep. We used Latin Hypercube sampling to identify representative combinations of parameter settings. We recorded the associated emergent equilibrium (i.e. the proportion of post-supernatural secular people) for each combination of parameters and then analyzed the vast dataset of results to generate insights into model dynamics and to produce comprehensible visualizations of those dynamics.
+Figure).
+The transition from the equilibrium regime of majority supernatural religious to the equilibrium regime of majority post-supernatural secular is the most interesting aspect of FOReST dynamics. It is difficult to perch the system at a 50–50 split; the model gravitates toward one of the stable equilibrium regimes. To examine this highly non-linear transition, we held all parameters constant except for technology .
+The dynamics of real-world social change are far more complex than can be expressed in a simple simulation such as FOReST. For example, system-dynamics models often involve two equilibrium regimes with high instability between them, whereas real-world social transitions between two equilibrium states is rarely precipitous. Nevertheless, Figure.
+FOREST scatter plots illustrating the impact of the destabilization parameter (horizontal axis) on the proportion of post-supernatural secular people (vertical axis) for different levels of technology (color intensity) and the promodernity influence of supernatural religion (PM; in the panels).
+This feature of the model shows that the conditions necessary for a majority post-supernatural secular population can be destabilized, after which the reverse transformation to a dominantly supernatural religious population can occur. This transformation is most dramatic when the disruption significantly reduces technological capability. This possibility of two-way traffic toward and away from post-supernaturalist secular worldviews and cultures is typically not envisaged within conventional secularization theory but it is a crucial aspect of FOReST.
+We also ran simulation experiments to discover some of the conditions under which various levels of post-supernatural secularism emerge and persist. Figure.
+FOREST simulation results showing the conditions under which various levels of secularism emerge and persist in a population. The vertical axis of each panel is the proportion of secular people, and this same variable distinguishes the panels (the cut-offs for panels are 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00). Freedom is on the horizontal axis, pluralism is color, education is shape, and existential security is size.
+Finally, we simulated the process of religious change over time, to identify the effects of the key conditions first for strengthening and then for weakening. Figure.
+FOReST simulation results showing the effect of (1) strengthening key conditions (years 0–400) and (2) a destabilizing event that weakens key conditions (after year 400).
+While this is fundamentally a theoretical research venture intended to illustrate an innovative method for exploring the dynamics of social change, we have also tried to validate the computational simulation to the extent possible (just as our group did in another model of religious change; see.
+Going beyond census religious identification, measures of personal religious faith, religious service attendance, private religious practices, and orthodoxy of religious belief do exist, fragmentarily, for some time periods within deeply secularized countries. However, none of these four is a close proxy for the prevalence of supernaturalism because evolutionarily stabilized tendencies in human cognition can sustain supernatural worldviews even when traditional religion is rejected. Hopefully data on service attendance, religious beliefs, private religious practices, and orthodoxy of religious beliefs, which has been collected for the past few decades in several national settings, will eventually accumulate to make analyzing the staggered dynamics of religious and nonreligious change possible for countries such as Norway where the post-supernatural secular transition is far along; for national settings such as the USA, which are not as far along in the secularization transition; and for national settings undergoing transition in the opposite direction. Even then, however, we would still not have a direct measure of the dependent variable we most need to evaluate FOReST in detail, namely, prevalence of supernatural worldviews. Very few surveys have attempted to measure supernaturalism on the scale of a population and almost none has any longitudinal depth. We are hopeful that the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study, a longitudinal cohort study, will accumulate enough waves of the right kind of data to allow us to construct a dataset useful for validating FOReST (see New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study 2020).
+Ultimately we decided to create a novel dataset by asking four experts in the modern history of religion in Norway to graph the prevalence of five dimensions of religiosity: personal religious faith, religious service participation, private religious practices, orthodoxy of religious beliefs, and prevalence of supernatural worldviews (the one of immediate interest to us) in that country from 1900 to 2020. The data we collected, along with longitudinal census data on religious identification, is summarized in Figure.
+A summary of the consensus of four experts in modern religious history of Norway, estimating the change in six dimensions of religiosity over the last 120 years. Note the S-curve transition with the slope steepest in decades immediately following World War II (ended in 1945). Also note that, for this group of experts, the average of Personal Religious Faith and Private Religious Practices serves as a reasonable proxy for the estimated level of supernatural worldviews.
+We use this expert-opinion dataset to validate.
+The reason social scientists have not measured the prevalence of supernatural worldviews until very recently is worth noting. The importance of supernatural worldviews as a psychological construct only became evident with the advent of experiments in the cognitive science of religion demonstrating the presence in our species of a powerful cross-cultural tendency toward preferring supernatural explanations; McCauley .
+The results of the FOReST simulation indicate that several conditions must hold for most people in a population to embrace a post-supernatural secular worldview and way of life. Though all variables interact because of feedback loops, we highlight the four most theoretically salient factors using the shaded box in Figure 1 and again at the top of Figure 3. The dynamics connected with these key variables are part of a complex system of interactions, but we can distinguish their effects.
+In the model, these conditions are strengthened when there is advanced technology, when there is high energy capture (efficient extraction of energy from the environment for food and culture), and when cultural history has produced dominant religious outlooks that foster the emergence of secular forms of socio-political organization and high levels of scientific and humanities education. This latter point is particularly important: some supernatural religions help to give birth to the very conditions that undermine the supernatural worldviews on which traditional religious narratives depend. This point has been persuasively argued on historical grounds (Buckley 1987) and is built into the model’s Pro-Modernity Influence of Religion (PromodernityInflOfRel) parameter.
+Important consequences flow from the identification of these four key conditions. Someone opposed to the emergence of a social order in which most of the population holds a post-supernatural secular worldview could be inspired by the findings of FOReST to generate strategies intended to avoid or weaken such an order. Relevant resistance strategies could include ensuring that children are educated locally, under the control of school boards that can suppress an accurate understanding of cosmology or evolution; that plausibility structures remain strong within active and vibrant religious communities, so that exclusivist attitudes to religious authority can be convincingly sustained; that social media and news outlets should be so fragmented that isolated communication flows can sustain the persuasiveness of supernatural outlooks without having to confront types of discourse that undermine those outlooks; and that social disincentives to leave a religious community are as large as legally possible, which is easiest to achieve outside of large cosmopolitan population centers in small-town settings. A more aggressive approach is also possible, seeking to overthrow modernity entirely, as the violent Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) aspires to do. Social destabilization on a scale sufficient to decrease the availability of high technology (and thereby block its downstream consequences for existential security, freedom, education, and pluralism) should be enough to reverse the trend toward post-supernatural secularism. By contrast, someone who favored a post-supernatural secular worldview would have to be on guard for precisely those kinds of destabilization maneuvers and work hard to preserve the conditions necessary for the training of each new generation of children in how to contest the maturationally natural embrace of supernatural religious beliefs and behaviors.
+Importantly, these four key conditions also create challenges and opportunities for extant religious traditions, placing pressure on supernatural beliefs and practices as well as presumably opening vectors for internal institutional transformation in the direction of post-supernatural religious outlooks. Some religious communities may embrace the changing plausibility structures instead of resisting them, which would lead to revised conceptions of religion as post-supernaturalist. If the supply-side path has anything to commend it, and we think the empirical evidence suggests that it does, then we should expect religious communities in some contexts to adapt to changing worldviews, moving in a post-supernatural direction rather than standing idly by while more and more people defect. The movement of religious naturalists – those who reject supernaturalism and religious authoritarianism and yet still detect worship-worthy spiritual depths in reality – appears to be growing (for example, see ReligiousNaturalism.org). Similarly, new religious groups that are secular and spiritual yet strongly post-supernaturalist and decidedly not traditionally religious are springing up everywhere (Heelas and Woodhead 2005; Langston et al. 2015).
+Post-supernatural secular worldviews (as against secular forms of social organization) have probably always existed alongside supernatural religious postures as a minority position within the population. However, explicitly post-supernatural secular worldviews were never dominant in any civilization throughout human history until recent decades. What does the future hold, barring the kind of destabilizing ecological or technological disaster that FOReST suggests might trigger reversion to supernatural religious cultures? A key question here is how stable a social order could be when secular rather than religious people are in the large majority.
+The FOReST model indicates that it is difficult to produce and sustain a population in which post-supernatural secular postures are dominant because the relevant conditions require a high level of energy input to the social system. Existential security can only remain high if energy capture is high and deprivation conditions are eliminated. Free self-expression requires technology and political practices that are robust enough to hold out against the chaos of individual opinions and the pernicious truth-denial of social-media mayhem. Educational processes must train students how to overcome inborn cognitive biases toward supernaturalism. Cultural diversity must be welcomed rather than avoided. All of that takes energy captured from the natural environment and spent to sustain the form of social organization, and the training of human beings to embrace ways of thought and action that are in some ways contrary to what is maturationally natural for them.
+Because of this need for energy input to stabilize the post-supernatural social equilibrium, it is reasonable to suppose that a post-supernatural secular social order might be more vulnerable to catastrophic collapse. If even one of these conditions (high existential security, high free self-expression, high education, high cultural pluralism) begins to disintegrate, people find it more difficult to contest the evolved proclivities that have fostered majority-supernatural religious social orders. Each new child is born into this world with similar cognitive-emotional mechanisms and it is only neural plasticity and cultural entrainment that make it possible for a child to learn how to contest those tendencies, many of which all too easily lead to error .
+The point of FOReST and of this paper is theoretical in nature, seeking to demonstrate the possibility and usefulness of a synthesis of social-science theories of supernatural religious and post-supernatural secular transitions and to identify the key factors that determine how these transitions unfold. We have not attempted to argue about the relative value of the supernatural religious posture that has long dominated human life in comparison to the post-supernatural secular posture that is expanding in some parts of the world in recent years. Rather, we have tried to show that the theoretical integration and causal architecture of the FOReST model does a serviceable job of explaining the:
+(for those wondering about the title and picture, check this thread, xtranormal and music video. Also this GIF cracks me up every time.)
+Since my week off from the EMS forums poker has gone better than I could have hoped. It’s going to be interesting to see what my win-rate levels out at over a decent sample but I’m sure it’s going to be higher than it was previously. During that week off I concentrated on improving my game and by the end of it I had identified and fixed a couple of key issues that had been holding me back. I am miles better now and these are the results for the last two weeks.
+This is my third $10k month of the year and at the halfway stage I’m very pleased with how things have gone. Although I don’t set monetary goals I am on course for a particular milestone for the year which would be incredible. I’m also hoping to play enough hands to reach 500k VPP’s but that will depend on the next couple of months.
+I probably won’t play any poker this week and will just make the most of the predicted hot weather and start studying for December exams. I was under-prepared for the June exams so this time I’m going to stick to an exam timetable and make sure I get all the work done well ahead of time. None of the exams will give me trouble if I do enough work so I just have to get it done.
+Not much else to say, if you haven’t see it here is Bond18’s trip report from his epic evening at the Playboy Mansion (NSFW obviously).
+Went to see Star Trek last Friday. I had high hopes for it because the last two films were terrible and there have been lots of positive reviews, sadly I was disappointed (no spoilers below).
+It started off well, as usual the cinema was empty (I don’t know how it makes money) and there were only two people other than me and my friend watching the film. The opening sequence was good and the first part was fine, nice character development and gradually building a story. At this point things were looking up.
+But once the ships leave Earth it unfortunately stops being Star Trek and becomes a space shoot-em-up with a flimsy plot. I like action movies and it’s probably why this film is popular but in my opinion Star Trek is more intellectual, it’s supposed to be fun and full of action but there’s a strong, sometimes thought-provoking plot behind it. I think they tried to cram too much in, it might have been better if they’d done a whole film on the crew progressing through the academy and then moved on to the Enterprise in the future.
+Also there is a lot of ridiculous stuff going on. Obviously there are always going to be plot holes because it’s a fantasy universe but some of the plot developments seem to have been thrown in because it was the only way to get it to work (*** on the planet meeting *** for example, what a coincidence). I also didn’t like the relationship between *** and ***, I understand why they went that route but again it doesn’t feel right. And the scene with Scotty and the water would have been more suited to a parody like Galaxy Quest.
+There were some good points. Bones was awesome and the film is a huge success, which at least means the franchise will live on. And maybe that’s more important than whether I enjoyed the film or not, the needs of the many and all that.
+Anyway if anyone else has seen it then let me know what you think in the discussion thread (use spoiler tags if necessary please).
+Another plus point is it’s got me looking up old Star Trek episodes on Youtube, here are some links:
+Great episode - this is a two-part episode from Star Trek: Enterprise season 4, based on the Mirror universe first discovered in TOS episode “Mirror, Mirror”. I haven’t seen much of Enterprise but this is now one of my favourite Star Trek episodes, which I guess is a bit hypocritical considering I just criticised the new film for being un-Trek like. In any case the intro in particular is very clever and worth watching.
+Classic fight - from TOS… try and guess what fight scene this is before clicking.
+Star Trekkin’ - how could I almost forget this!
+I’ll do another update soon, until then… live long and prosper.
+In some ways Sunday was a success. As tournament regulars will know it’s very easy to have a losing day and I ended up with a four figure profit. Considering I don’t have a ton of tournament experience I think I played pretty well. Obviously I ran well to end up in profit but my tournament game seems to be improving quickly, partly due to solo studying and partly due to spending so much time watching Bas. Surprisingly I also coped well with playing eleven hours with barely any breaks, I felt tired afterwards but that’s probably because by the time I was done it was already light outside!
+But in other ways I can’t help thinking it could have been better. I have a good idea of how bad it’s possible to run in tournaments and this motivates me to make the most of any opportunities I get when things are going my way. It’s said that what separates great players from good players is how much they lose when they run bad, but I think in tournaments the opposite is true because of how the prize pool is weighted. One of my biggest fears of tournaments is I don’t make the most of “run good” and then I’ll go on a downswing and lose a load of money. I know this isn’t exactly how it works but I hope you understand what I mean. You don’t get many chances to win Sunday Majors and after getting deep in two it’s a pity I couldn’t do a little better.
+When I feel like I’ve played my best then it doesn’t bother me, for example I finished ~80th in the Sunday Brawl and off the top of my head no hands stand out as ones I should have done better on. Even if you get deep you still need a lot of luck to get any further, and as long as I gave it my best shot then that’s all I can I do. But there are some hands from Sunday 500 that stick in my mind as hands where I might not have got max value. Here are three of them:
+Hand 1 - I’m not sure about this one. Of course I’m jizzing in my pants when he raises but when I think about it now his raise looks like he’s “finding out where he is” with his pocket pair and flatting and trying to stack him on a later street might have more merit. I’m probably being a bit results-orientated because he didn’t stack off and because he did the same thing again later, information I didn’t have at the time.
+Hand 2 - At this point I had a tight image and probably should have flatted the open raise from UTG. I believe UTG is a very good tournament player so his range is likely wider than most and with my image he may not be calling a jam lightly, plus he won’t auto-put me on AA/KK like he might if a known tournament player flatted here. Also the HJ (who I’ve played a lot of $200NL cash games with) tanked for ages which makes me think he folded something like AQ or TT, while if I flatted he would probably have jammed over the top.
+Hand 3 - This has been discussed in the forum. I think it’s marginal either way and being the exit hand it’s the one you’re more likely to doubt yourself afterwards.
+I’m probably just being overly critical, I think for a couple of the hands I was just unlucky in that people didn’t stack off when on another day they would. Hopefully I can use the experience I’ve gained and make the most of my next opportunity. This was the first time I’ve played a $500 tournament and the first time I’ve properly grinded Sunday and I’m considering doing this more often going forward. I know it will normally be a frustrating experience and the variance is a killer but there’s a lot of value in these tournaments and the cash games tend to suck on Sunday evenings so it might be worthwhile. We will see.
+I will talk more about how my cash games have gone and other stuff soon. The last thing I want to mention is Lance Armstrong’s autobiography which I read recently. Unlike most autobiographies there aren’t that many anecdotes in there, for example it’s not like Ian Botham’s which is full of adventures and funny incidents. What stands out for me about Lance’s book is how single-minded and dedicated he is to being a success and how hard he had to work for his achievements. He also talks a lot about his illness, treatment and recovery, and the effect it’s had on his life. I’ve found it very motivating and would recommend it.
+In the last entry I came to the conclusion that my break-even run of 60k hands was probably due to variance. After extending the run to 75k hands the inconvenient truth is I no longer have the ability to beat $200NL. Regardless of the stats being similar over a good and bad period I don’t think variance can cause a graph like mine, being bad at poker causes it. I have no idea why it’s happened but the fact is I have gone from being one of the top winners at $200NL to being an FPP pro and there is no point continuing.
+This is the biggest test to my game I have faced for over a year and it’s hard to deal with. Running bad is not pleasant but at least you know things will turn around, you just have to put in the volume and avoid tilting. With this situation there is no guarantee things will turn around, there’s a possibility I will never be able to beat this level again. That might sound like an over-reaction but I honestly do not know what I should be doing differently and it’s so frustrating, this is what I feel like when thinking about the last 75k hands.
+And as I’m writing this I just donk out of the $20 1r1a because I’m an imbecile. I play really well for four hours, get into the money, and then do this. Looking at it in a vacuum it might be ok but for a couple of reasons I was 100% sure on the flop villain had Kx and then I not only bet the turn but also manage to stack off. I have no idea why I did it and it’s a total waste.
+Time for a break.
+So things haven’t exactly gone to plan since the last update. For over a month now (60k hands) my red line has been dropping sharply, FGators-style, and the amount I’ve won over this time is nowhere near what I’ve been used to winning. On reviewing my sessions I couldn’t see many spots to improve on, yet the decrease in non-showdown winnings seemed too much to just be variance. Just a minute ago I went through a load of stats comparing February (a good month) and April (a mediocre month) to see if I could spot something. I was expecting maybe to be c-betting too much on the flop, not c-betting enough on the turn or perhaps playing too many hands out of position. Instead I found something surprising - the stats are near identical! Although this is not conclusive proof that I’m still playing the same I think it goes some way to show that I haven’t suddenly turned into FGators overnight. I’ll keep a close eye on how things go over the next few weeks but maybe I don’t need to worry as much as I have been, I’ve been getting wound up by bad sessions recently and that’s not productive or healthy (for me or for the computer equipment).
+Ok now on to the non-poker stuff. A Red Dwarf three part special aired a couple of weeks ago and unfortunately it was terrible. If you’re a fan and haven’t seen it yet, do not watch it, it’s worse than you could possibly imagine.
+On the other hand I’ve really enjoyed “Lost”. Bas was pestering me for ages to watch it and when I had a few days off work I decided to spend it watching the first couple of seasons. Since then I’ve managed to finish season three and four as well and it just keeps delivering. As well as having an entertaining storyline it’s also interesting seeing how the characters develop and how the interactions change as the story unfolds. Check it out if you haven’t already.
+I’ve booked the last four ACCA exams for the start of June so I’ve been putting in some hours studying. I’ve done one and a half books so far and am hoping to finish the other two in the next couple of weeks, giving me about a month to revise. It’s going to be tough but I’m confident I can get it done.
+Finally here are some links you might find interesting:
+Don’t Talk To Cops (part 1, part 2) – quite lengthy but worth watching. A lawyer and a cop explain why you should be wary when speaking to cops, even if you’re innocent or not involved in their investigation.
+The Banker – an interesting article about what Andy Beal has been up to, the mathematician/businessman who challenged the best poker players to extremely high stakes LHE a few years back.
+Bond18’s blog – Tony “Bond18” Dunst goes around the world again, this time for 150 days.
+I should be doing another entry shortly, until then…
+So the first two months of this year have gone nicely, as you may have seen from the graphs on the forum I’ve played a decent number of hands and made some money. I’m really pleased with how things have gone, I’ve been playing very consistently and can’t remember too many obvious mistakes, spews or tilts. There have been some but even those have not been terrible, for example this one. I think it is a mistake, however I still had some equity after the shove and against this player I think the metagame aspects might actually outweigh the cost of that individual hand. For example I got paid off in this hand where he tanked both turn and river. I don’t know why he was tanking because it seems an easy B/C or CRAI on the turn but if he was considering folding then maybe the image helped, who knows.
+This month I have a few mini-goals I want to achieve in March and I will talk about two of them here. The first is I need to read through two ACCA books in preparation for June. Unfortunately I got 47 and 49 on my last tests (50 is the pass mark) so if I want to finish my exams this June I need to do the maximum of four exams. I also want to have my first 100k hand month of poker and hopefully play something like 120k hands if I’m running well. It’s going to be tough but if I work hard and make the most of my spare time then I think it’s doable.
+I’ve been reading some poker books recently and all three have been pretty good. I finished Zen and the Art of Poker which has a mixture of good and bad advice, I took some things from it but I don’t think it’s a must-have for the collection and for beginners would probably do more harm than good due to the hit and miss nature of it’s contents. The other two I haven’t finished yet but from what I’ve read they seem like decent books. The Poker Mindset seems to be a bit more “orthodox” than the Zen book so it’s probably better for the majority of people. I’ve also been reading the Full Tilt Strategy Guide and was pleasantly surprised by the quality of advice. As I expected the first couple of chapters by Howard Lederer and Chris Ferguson are extremely good but even the chapters by “less fundamentally sound” players such as Ted Forrest and Gavin Smith have some good points in them.
+I’ll end with some random links that I’ve come across in the last couple of weeks.
+Deuce Plays - I’m a regular listener but this week’s episode with Tommy Angelo is especially good and worth checking out.
+Radio 4 - Friday Night Comedy - Discovered this on ITunes a few weeks ago and decided to give it a go, very funny.
+TR from Cambodia - What do you like to do when you go on holiday? Go hiking? See the sights? Party? This person decided he’d try out some military-level weaponry.
+Fire in the hole! - From the above thread (this is some random person though). Oops…
+And finally, thanks to the 2+2 pokercast who alerted me to this gem. Skip to 4.30 in this video.
+I’ve decided to get the blog going again after a break. Normal service will be resumed shortly, until then I’ve just got a couple of things to share with you. Here is a verse from a poem I came across recently, it wasn’t written about poker but I think it’s quite appropriate.
+And here is a song that JP first linked me to on the EMS forums, so funny.
+I was going to write this blog on Sunday morning and talk about how last week had gone badly poker-wise. It’s still not been great but thanks to some good sessions Sunday the recovery has started.
+So before Sunday I had been on a minor downswing and I could tell my play was beginning to suffer. There was only one tilt hand that really stuck in my mind but I was finding it difficult to keep my mind clear because my brain felt “foggy”. I rarely play sessions longer than two hours but Saturday I couldn’t even manage 30 minutes before I was having to quit.
+I guessed that the main reason I was feeling this way was my lack of fitness catching up with me, one of my goals for the New Year was to improve my fitness but I hadn’t got around to it yet. So I decided to go for a run Saturday evening despite the rain and felt a lot more alert and positive afterwards (if you read my blog regularly this should sound familiar). Considering how much better I felt playing Sunday I now realise it’s crucial I get regular exercise if I want to achieve my goals this year.
+I played some more poker today but it didn’t go well, I finished break-even but I played terribly and cost myself at least $400. I kept making bad decisions for no reason and it was so frustrating. I won’t be playing any poker over the next four days so it will be a good opportunity to go running and get ready for the weekend grind. I am also aiming to read 10-12 chapters of my ACCA book so I’ll have plenty to keep myself occupied.
+I’ve seen a few more films recently. Friday night I watched a film out of my Steven Seagal boxset, Executive Decision. For those who have seen the film you will understand why this is a strange choice for the boxset but whatever, maybe they just ran out of good Steven Seagal films and decided to put a quality one in there. I also watched Cloverfield which was a bit short but very impressive, it was so good I watched it again. I also saw Snakes on a Plane for the first time! The film was as I expected, mediocre but saved by Samuel L Jackson (and Kenan ldo).
+Also watched a fantastic game between Pompey and Spurs at the weekend. It was end-to-end stuff and when Nugent smacked it in from distance I couldn’t contain my excitement, normally I’m quite calm but it was such a sweet hit and I badly wanted us to win the game. Unfortunately the poison dwarf Defoe equalised but it was a good point and one of our better performances for a while.
+The Baltimore Ravens failed to beat the Steelers so my NFL team just missed out on the Superbowl this year. Despite a gritty performance and some excellent individual performances (Ray Lewis as always) the Steelers were the better team and deserved to go through. Still a great achievement to get this far with a rookie coach and QB and hopefully next season we’ll come back stronger, these two games have reminded me what I’ve been missing and I’ll try harder to watch more games next season. Even though the Ravens are out I’m looking forward to the Superbowl, it’s an amazing achievement for the Cardinals to get there and I hope they can provide some competition for the Steelers.
+I will leave you with the solo of a song I am listening to at least once a day at the moment. When I first got this CD I kept skipping this song because it’s so slow but it’s grown on me and I love the solo. Here is some guy in a mask playing it.
+Have a great week!
+Welcome to the first blog entry of 2009!
+So far the start of the year has been similar to the end of last year. I’ve played 30k hands so far this month, I was hoping for more but I guess it’s not bad. My results are good although kinda funny as I’m break-even (hello FPP’s) over 26k hands of $200NL and $400NL and the other 4k hands I’ve run hot at $600NL and $1kNL. I also played some $2kNL but didn’t feel totally comfortable once some regs joined so left after one orbit for $0 profit. Although I’ve made some minor mistakes overall I’m happy with my play and progress so it’s just a case of putting in the volume and hopefully running a bit better at those lower levels.
+Last Wednesday was my birthday so I am now 23. Even though it sounds kinda old and grown-up I don’t feel much different from three or four years ago, whether that is a good thing or not I don’t know! I didn’t feel like doing anything special for my birthday and instead just had a quiet evening and played ~3k hands of poker. I lost six buy-ins but after playing a quick session before bed recovered 4.5 of them, ending the day -$300 (I guess sometimes I do run good when playing short sessions). Presents-wise I received a new electric shaver from family, a nice shirt from a friend at work and a sweet Baltimore Ravens hoodie from my grandparents. On the subject of the Ravens, they are one game away from the Superbowl after somehow beating the Titans 13-10 yesterday (hahaha Bas). It was the first NFL game I’ve watched this season and even though it was a scrappy game I really enjoyed it, I do enjoy NFL but just haven’t got around to watching the games. Maybe next season.
+I’ve watched half of the films in my Steven Seagal collection and enjoyed three out of the four. I started with Under Siege and Under Siege 2, followed them with Nico - Above the Law and the last one I’ve seen is Out for Justice (which was a bit meh). In particular I really enjoyed both Under Siege films, plenty of action and Casey f***ing Ryback kicks ass. I’ve also read The Diceman and it’s sequel, The Search for the Diceman. They are the strangest books I’ve read but also two of the most thought provoking. The story is of a bored psychiatrist who starts making decisions based on the roll of a die and ends up letting it control his life, leading to increasingly outrageous situations. The books are regarded as cult classics and I’d recommend them.
+Work has been interesting recently and not in a good way. Out of the blue right before leaving on Friday one of my friends was made redundant. I went into the kitchen at 4.45pm to wash my cup and when I came back at 4.50pm he was packing up his stuff. He took it ok but it was a shock to everyone, although the company has made some cutbacks recently we were completely unaware our department was going to be trimmed, even his manager had no idea until it happened. It’s going to be interesting to see how everyone reacts this week as we have no idea if this was a one-off or just the start so I think 2/3rds of the office will be looking over their shoulder Monday.
+Because of this we ended up going out Friday evening for a few drinks to commiserate/for him to get absolutely plastered. We started off straight after work at a pub by the river, I then went home to get something to eat and get changed and then met up with them at a pub on the other side of town. I actually couldn’t find the place which is a bit embarrassing, in my defence I had never been there before and had only walked past it a few times in the daytime and I’m not very good with directions. We then trekked all the way back to the river to stop at another pub and meet up with a bunch of people from work who had had a company meal. It was good to spend some time with work colleagues/friends and the redundant guy was in a cheerful mood so it was worth doing and we all had fun.
+Anyway that’s what I’ve been up to, hope you’ve all had a good weekend and are ready to get back to the grindstone tomorrow morning. Work, work, money made.
+I’m a firm believer that “those who cannot remember the past, are condemned to repeat it”. As I mentioned in my last blog I’m currently reading An Impartial History of Britain and it’s amazing how past mistakes are being repeated by Governments and leaders all around the world. But that’s a subject for another day, the point is that looking back in retrospect is an important part of learning from your mistakes and improving your decision-making going forward in life. This applies to poker as well and is one of the reasons I am going to write about my year. Hopefully by looking back and remembering everything I’ve done I can take the good points into the New Year, while remembering not to repeat the mistakes I made along the way.
+That’s the theory anyway, let’s get stuck in!
+In the beginning there was… nothing?
+2007 was a good start to my poker career, I made decent progress, ran good and thus had some nice results and an extra bit of money in the bank. I made this post at the end of the year and was full of optimism for the future. Little did I know that my first proper downswing was around the corner and that my poker growth would grind to a halt.
+At the start of the year I was playing $100NL and $200NL on Full Tilt. Looking back I think I was a marginal winner at these levels and although I’ve always been well within my bankroll, I wasn’t prepared for an extended break-even/downswing period and it did affect my play quite badly in the first quarter of 2008. I was too results-orientated and was constantly over-adjusting, for example if a normally tight player 3-bet me a few times then I’d start calling lighter, while now I would realise he was just running hot and I should probably make little adjustment.
+I’d also worry about how much money I was making. At one point I’d played 66 hours for ~$100 and it would anger me making me think I was wasting my time. I missed out on a good chance to win $10k when I lost this hand here. Several times I threatened to quit poker. Again this was being results-orientated but also it was down to a lack of confidence. I did not have a significant sample of being a winning poker player and the doubts only served to increase my results-orientated thinking. A new low point came on April 17th with me lighting my Full Tilt roll on fire in HU. It’s the only time I’ve ever had a full blown monkey-tilt episode, I just sat there constantly betting pot and typing obscene language in the chat box. I didn’t reveal the amount at the time in my blog entry but I’ll tell you now it was about $600-800.
+Although I was disappointed with myself at the time, I think in my heart I knew it was one of those bad experiences that would eventually turn into a positive. I haven’t monkey-tilted since and as long as I don’t forget, I won’t repeat it. And even though I’m obviously not proud of my behaviour, I do find it pretty funny to think back to how I felt at the time.
+Even though this was quite a low point, the downward spiral hadn’t finished yet. I would say this blog entry marks the low point. But instead of taking a break like planned I decided to do a challenge, really focusing on my decisions. While I believe I played ok during this time I didn’t make any money and decided I needed to be playing on a site with rakeback. But with most networks cheating you, taking your bankroll or having crap software there was nowhere to go. And that’s when I decided to follow Bas’ suggestion and convert to Pokerstars.
+It’s Getting Better Man!
+Almost every blog entry in March and April ended with how I was going to take a break from poker. I never did take that break, not because I’m a gambling addict but because I believed in myself. I saw Bas and others making money from poker and still believed I could do the same. I’d made a lot of progress in 2007 but at the start of 2008 I seemed to be stuck in a rut, unable to win and not seeming to get any better. I knew I had room for improvement, I just couldn’t work out how.
+I started spending more time on 2+2 and my game took off. I’d been looking at 2+2 for several months but it was only now I really “got” it, only now I started picking up new tricks and ideas. I also started running better and these combined factors led to an excellent month at Stars $100NL. Although I was a loser on Stars in June, I won on other sites and was definitely back in business. I also played live for the first time at the Virgin Festival in Nottingham and you can read the report here.
+In July I went back to running bad and had a losing month, including a terrible run on double VPP weekend. However by this time I was much stronger emotionally and even though it sucked I continued to play well and avoid tilting. This would be my last bad month of the year as from August onwards not only would I win, I’d win bigger than before.
+In August I ran hot and made close to double figures for the first time, playing on various sites and a mixture of 6-max and HU. It was around here that I finally started playing properly HU and winning money. In the past I had been too impatient, playing too many hands pre-flop and then giving up too many pots post-flop. I learnt to play a more disciplined game and playing against some terrible players managed to make some nice money. I also played FTOPS for the first time, albeit without success.
+Over the next few months I continued along the same lines, playing similar games and winning a similar amount. I made no huge improvements but just kept taking small steps, gradually playing better poker, playing more hands, playing more consistently. Nothing exciting happened but this was a great period for me because I was running better, playing better and consistently making money. This continued until the end of November when I made the step up to bigger games.
+Whenever I’d moved up limits in the past I’d actually play better than normal because I was really focused, I’d be nervous and desperate not to make a mistake that would cost me twice as much as normal. This time was different. There were no nerves but I still had that focus, and apart from having to use a calculator for bet sizing it didn’t feel much different to normal. Even though I lost at the very start it did not affect me negatively, I had become desensitised to the money and my decision-orientated mindset kept me focused on decisions rather than results.
+Which brings us to the last month of the year. I wasn’t expecting much from December because the last few months had gone so well and I had exams to revise for, yet in the end I played more hands, higher stakes and won more money than in any previous month. My play was of better quality and more consistency than at any other time in my poker career, despite putting in almost twice my highest previous volume. It was a fantastic month and the massive heater over the Christmas period was the perfect way to end the year.
+I don’t have a full graph for 2008 for several reasons, so instead I’ll just show you my Stars graph since I started there in May. I don’t know exactly how much I’ve won this year but this graph is missing Jan-Apr profit, rakeback, tournament wins and money won on Euro sites so maybe add $25-30k to it. The biggest pot I won is here and the biggest pot lost is here.
+The Future is in the Future
+So what will 2009 have in store for me?
+Well obviously it’s impossible to tell!
+I wrote down some goals in my previous blog entry that I hope to achieve by the end of the year. I also want to continue putting the hands in, making more money and continue improving as a player. Apart from that it’s out of my control and I’ll just have to see how it goes and adapt as the year develops.
+I’ve really enjoyed looking back at 2008 and then writing this summary. I hope you’ve enjoyed reading it, if you have any comments or questions then please add them here. Thanks for reading!
+Bears vs. 49ers: A Comprehensive Guide
+Bears vs. 49ers will kick off at 12:00 PM CT on Sunday, October 31 in Chicago, IL. We will get into the preview shortly, but first, a new take on a classic Halloween poem: The Raven, a Chicago Bears adaptation of the Edgar Allen Poe classic:
+Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary, over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten QB lore—While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, as if someone quickly falling down the draft boards.
+“’Tis some backup,” I muttered, “tapping at my roster floor—Only this and nothing more.”
+Ah, distinctly I remember, the pain of the last bleak December; And each separate dying attempt wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow;—vainly I had sought to borrow from future cap to fill my sorrow —sorrow for the lost Mitchell— For the rare top-three selection whom the Bears had chosen Mitchell—Nameless here forevermore. And the silken, sad, uncertain rustling of each navy and orange curtain thrilled me—filled me with fantastic dreams never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating,
+“’Tis some backup entreating entrance at my roster floor—Some late round passer entreating entrance while tumbling down draft boards;—This it is and nothing more.”
+Presently my soul grew stronger; hesitating then no longer,
+“Sir,” said I, “or Madam, truly your forgiveness I implore; But the fact is I was planning, And so quickly you came falling, falling down draft boards, That I scarce was sure I’d see you”—I have traded up too often, often giving up more;—Darkness there and nothing more.
+Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing, doubting, dreaming dreams no GM ever dared to dream before; But the silence was unbroken, and the stillness gave no token, And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, “Mitchell?” This I whispered, and an echo murmured back, “Justin!”
+Merely this and nothing more.
+Bears vs. 49ers History
+The Bears and 49ers first faced off in 1950 in San Francisco, California. Since then, these two franchises have met a grand total of 67 times. Over that span, the Bears are 32-34-1 against the 49ers. When playing in Chicago, the Bears are 18-12-1. The last time they played was in 2018 when the Bears narrowly escaped a late-season trip to the bay. This Sunday’s game will mark the 68th matchup between the two teams.
+Notable Head-to-Head History
+These two teams have quite the history between them, despite not being division rivals:
+- On December 12, 1965, Gale Sayers tied an NFL record with six touchdowns in a Bears victory against San Francisco. On that historic afternoon, the Kansas Comet scored four rushing touchdowns, an 80-yard receiving touchdown, and an 85-yard punt return touchdown.
+- Throughout the 1980s, these two teams were common foes. It started in 1983 when the Bears defeated the 49ers 13-3.
+- The following year, Bill Walsh used an offensive guard as a blocking back in the 23-0 blowout. The 49ers taunted the Bears after the game, advising the Bears to "Bring an offense (next time)".
+- In 1985, the Bears beat San Francisco. The victory was highlighted by the Fridge making his first appearance at running back. Later that evening, Mike Ditka was pulled over for drunk driving after celebrating a little too much on the plane ride home. Afterward, Ditka would say, "I dont have a right to drink and drive. That right, nobody has."
+- Fast forward to 1987, when the Bears were humiliated 41-0 on Monday Night Football. After fans threw ice at Ditka while exiting the field, Ditka hurled his wad of gum into the crowd. The air-born wad of gum was taken by police as evidence of an assault after hitting a woman in the back of the head.
+- In 2001, Mike Brown and the Bears erased a 19-point deficit with a few miracle plays. In the overtime thriller, Terrell Owens set a single-game record for receptions.
+"The 49ers said in the papers we ought to bring an offense the next time. That loss was a tremendous catalyst for our 1985 season."
+- Bears head coach Mike Ditka
+Bears vs. 49ers Betting Lines
+In the above table, I have noted the spread and the projected spreads. Projections are according to my two models, PFF, and 538’s two models for Bears vs. Buccaneers. Why use two models from one source? Because I like to use multiple models to crosscheck each other. The more models that say something is a good bet, the more assurances you get. After all, that’s what all of us gamblers want, assurances.
+Bears vs. 49ers Head Coaches Cover History
+"Good coaches win. Great coaches cover the spread."
+Since 2019, Matt Nagy has been a fewer than seven-point home dog 10 times, with a record ATS of 5-5. Additionally, Nagy is 4-6 on the money line (Bears to win straight up) in these situations, while he is 3-7 on the over.
+Since 2019, Kyle Shanahan has been a fewer than seven-point road favorite four times, with a record ATS of 3-1. Additionally, he is 3-1 on the money line (49ers to win straight up) in these situations, while he is 2-1-1 on the over.
+Bears vs. 49ers Team Stats
+The 49ers offense ranks 21st in the NFL. Their ranking uses the average of DVOA, EPA per Play (10% win probability filter), and success rate. They have the 15th ranked rushing offense and the 20th ranked passing offense, on average.
+The Bears defense ranks 10th in the NFL using the same metrics for the other side of the ball. Against the pass, they have an average rank of ninth. However, on the ground, their defense ranks 17th.
+The Bears' offense comes in at 25th using those same metrics. The Bears' offense shows solid metrics for the ground game, ranking seventh across the three sources. However, their passing attack ranks 30th. Once again, I ask you, please save us Justin Fields.
+Meanwhile, the 49ers' defense also ranks 10th in the NFL. San Francisco’s defense has been solid against the run, ranking 12th in the NFL. Similarly, their pass defense ranks 13th in the NFL on average.
+49ers Scouting Report
+Offensive Overview
+Play-Caller: Kyle Shanahan
+Personnel Groupings: RB-TE
+- 1-1 [3WR]: 45%
+- 2-1 [2WR]: 32%
+- 1-2 [2WR]: 11%
+Third Down Conversion Rate: 31.4% (30th)
+Red Zone TD Conversion Rate: 85.7% (1st)
+Explosive Play / Pass / Run Rate: 9% (25th) / 7% (26th) / 11% (16th)
+Score %: 33.8% (23rd)
+Turnover %: 15.4% (29th)
+"The NFL is a crazy thing. One week, you're on top. One week, you're at the bottom of it. Every team has ups and downs. We're at the lower point right now. But we can fight back."
+- 49ers QB Jimmy Garoppolo
+The Shanahan West Coast Offense was originally made famous by Mike Shanahan. He won two Super Bowls in Denver with his offensive scheme. The younger Shanahan, Kyle, has evolved the offense into his own over the years. That being said, the scheme is still rooted in the same basic concepts.
+This offense flows directly through its zone rushing attack. When that zone attack gets rolling, it leads into a lethal play-action and boot rollout passing attack. That passing attack can target all levels of the defense, but it's predicated on the run game pulling in attention. Through the disguising of blocking techniques, this offense does a great job of creating confusion and conflict. For example, blocking on an outside zone run might look identical to that of a PA bootleg downfield pass.
+The 49ers' offense uses 11 personnel most often (45%), and they pass at a clip of 70% out of this grouping. Then, they use 21 personnel the second most often (32%). Out of 21 personnel, the 49ers run at about a 50/50 split. Because of the more even split, you expect to see them use more play-action out of 21, typically from under center.
+Offensive Positional Breakdown
+The “Pos. Rank” uses multiple position-specific stats to generate a relative ranking for each player at their position. The percentile is simply a representation of their rank. For example, Deebo Samuel ranks 17th out of 102 qualifying WRs. Therefore, Samuel ranks in the 83rd percentile (MATH = 1 – (17: DeMeco Ryans
+Base: 4-3
+Blitz %: 22.5% (19th)
+Third Down Conversion Rate: 34.7% (8th)
+Red Zone TD Conversion Rate: 72.7% (27th)
+Recommended Articles
+Explosive Pass / Run Rate: 9% (18th) / 13% (26th)
+Score %: 36.2% (15th)
+Turnover %: 5.8% (30th)
+"I want to be known as an attacking defensive line. Our D-Line is going to attack. Our linebackers and secondary, they're going to play with base fundamentals. We're going to play off our D-Line. We're going to allow our D-Line to get off the ball and attack, we're going to clean up things behind them, but we will be a more aggressive, attacking defense."
+- 49ers DC DeMeco Ryans
+DeMeco Ryans took the reins of the 49ers defense upon the exit of longtime defensive coordinator Robert Saleh to the Jets. Ryans jumped onto the coaching staff in 2017 as a quality control coach under Saleh. From 2018 through 2020, he served as the inside linebacker coach. Under Saleh, the 49ers' defense ran base coverages of Cover 3 and Cover 4. However, their third-down tendencies leaned toward blitzing out of Cover 1 looks. Although, the 49ers were typically near the bottom of the league in blitz rate under Saleh.
+Enter DeMeco Ryans, who has spent the last few years working under Saleh. Ryans set the expectation that the 49ers would be more aggressive with blitzes than they were under Saleh. Through seven games, that expectation has been met, as the 49ers rank 19th in blitz rate. A change implemented to the defensive scheme in 2021 is moving away from Cover 3 and into more Cover 1 single-high looks. Although, sticking to this plan has been difficult with multiple cornerback injuries, putting more pressure on man coverage-based looks. This is evidenced by the 49ers' league-leading 11 defensive pass interference penalties, accounting for 250 yards (22.7 yards per penalty).
+Defensive Positional Breakdown
+The “Pos. Rank” uses multiple position-specific stats to generate a relative ranking for each player at their position. The percentile is simply a representation of their rank. For example, Nick Bosa ranks third out of 81 qualifying EDGE players. Therefore, Bosa ranks in the 96th percentile (MATH = 1 – (3/81)). Additionally, in the right-most column, you can see the stats used to generate the ranking.
+Bears Scouting Report
+Offensive Overview
+Play-Caller: Bill Lazor / Matt Nagy
+Personnel Groupings: RB-TE
+- 1-1 [3WR]: 65%
+- 1-2 [2WR]: 24%
+- 1-3 [1WR]: 5%
+Third Down Conversion Rate: 33.3% (28th)
+Red Zone TD Conversion Rate: 66.7% (11th)
+Explosive Play / Pass / Run Rate: 9% (24th) / 6% (32nd) / 12% (10th)
+Score %: 25.7% (30th)
+Turnover %: 14.3% (25th)
+"Times like this, times when you get beat, blown out, you've got two choices. You can either say, that's it, I'm going to stop working, I'm going to stop playing, or you can go the other route and say I'm going to keep working. I know me, myself, no matter how many picks I throw, no matter how many L's we take, I'm going to keep going. That's just the fact."
+- Bears QB Justin Fields
+The Bears' offense reminds me of the Lovie Smith days right now. They come off the bus running. Since Montgomery went down, Chicago has relied heavily on outside zone runs and done well with them. Damien Williams and Khalil Herbert are good outside zone halfbacks. Both players run with good juice, efficient cutbacks, and hit their hole with determination. Additionally, the offensive line may be welcoming back some much-needed help this week.
+They seem to like to line up deep shots off of the outside zone play action. But honestly, it is hard to tell what exactly the offensive scheme is of late. Fields is an excellent thrower. But at this point in his career, his processor is not great. This is okay for a rookie QB, but it's dangerous for a rookie behind a porous offensive line. This is why he is not asked to execute in a straight dropback passing game often. Also, the Bears have often used extra blockers in the passing game when dialing up deep shots. They set this up by bringing in extra blockers for run plays early, then running play-action off a similar set later in the game.
+Offensive Positional Breakdown
+The “Pos. Rank” uses multiple position-specific stats to generate a relative ranking for each player at their position. The percentile is simply a representation of their rank. For example, Darnell Mooney Ranks 57th out of 102 qualifying WRs. Therefore, Mooney ranks in the 44th percentile (MATH = 1 – (57% (29th)
+3rd Down Conversion Rate: 40.7% (18th)
+Red Zone TD Conversion Rate: 51.9% (8th)
+Explosive Pass / Run Rate: 9% (17th) / 13% (24th)
+Score %: 40.8% (22nd)
+Turnover %: 11.3% (14th)
+Sean Desai took over as defensive coordinator this season, and the returns for the first-year DC have been positive.. There is much more deception involved in the pass rush plan. He has also implemented more “simulated pressures” in order to get home. That, combined with a revived Robert Quinn, has led to the most sacks in the NFL (21). Although, that same pressure may not be there given recent news regarding Khalil Mack.
+On the back end, the Bears primarily run coverages in variations of Cover 4 and Cover 6. Cover 4 is a combo scheme that employs both zone concepts and man concepts. This is a complex coverage to execute but is more adaptable to offensive sets and concepts. Moreover, Cover 6 combines aspects of the Cover 2 and the Cover 4 defenses. Basically, it splits the back end into quarter-quarter-half field assignments.
+Defensive Positional Breakdown
+The “Pos. Rank” uses multiple position-specific stats to generate a relative ranking for each player at their position. The percentile is simply a representation of their rank. For example, Roquan Smith ranks first out of 95 qualifying linebackers. Therefore, Roquan Smith ranks in the 99th percentile (MATH = 1 – (1/95)). Additionally, in the right-most column, you can see the stats used to generate the ranking.
+Bears vs. 49ers Injury Report
+Although injury reports are yet to be released, there are multiple notable injuries each team is navigating.
+The Bears are expected to be without the following players:
+- Khalil Mack (EDGE)
+- Deon Bush (S)
+- Jeremiah Attaochu (EDGE)
+- Germain Ifedi (OT)
+- Teven Jenkins (OT)
+- David Montgomery (RB)
+Additionally, Tashaun Gipson (S) and Akiem Hicks (iDL) missed last week's game with injuries.
+On the opposite sideline, the 49ers are expected to be without the following players:
+- Kevin Givens (iDL)
+- Robbie Gould (PK)
+- Dre Greenlaw (LB)
+- Richie James (WR)
+- George Kittle (TE)
+- Justin Skule (OL)
+- Javon Kinlaw (iDL)
+- Jaquiski Tartt (S)
+Additionally, Maurice Hurst (iDL), Trent Williams (OT), and Trey Lance (QB) missed last week's game with injuries.
+Bears vs. 49ers Summary
+The Bears are playing the closest thing to themselves they are likely to find all season. Although, the primary difference here is in the head coach and play-caller. In fact, the Bears may be without their head coach for this game due to COVID protocols. Even though my head says that the coaching advantage here will mean a narrow San Francisco victory, my heart says otherwise. But the Bears are 9-1 at home on Halloween, all-time. The last time they played on Halloween? They beat the Vikings in 2016 at Soldier Field in a game they had no business winning, representing one of only three Bears wins that season.
+Bears vs. 49ers Prediction
+49ers: 17
+Bears: 20
+Introduction to HDDSLR Cinema
+Lesson 8 of 16
+Handheld Rigs
+Introduction to HDDSLR Cinema
+Lesson 8 of 16
+Handheld Rigs
+Lesson Info
+Handheld Rigs
+Welcome everybody uh it's been a great day and a half and we're going to start talking about handheld rigs the final part of gear um the reason I didn't start with handheld rigs first is because, um I think that given what we've discussed, the canon cameras he's a senior sailors have no stabilization built in therefore, while handheld work may be the single most common type of work that you do with any camera that's the most energetic uh and the most uh frankly easy because all you do using your two legs uh or shoot from a vehicle um shooting handheld footage with the five d or the one demark for any of these guys what they are is relatively difficult to get good results and that has to do with the fact that the economics of this camera are really, really wrong for video it's a still camera and a still camera body in case that really wasn't thought through in terms of shooting video and what you'll find is this incredible industry that's been built around uh trying to overcome those de...
+ficits and uh there's three main deficits the one we've discussed already, which is the idea that there's no image stabilization built in these lenses that is so specifically constructed for video uh, that has changes I mentioned with the new one hundred millimeter macro lands from cannes version too uh it's priest a significant advancement ah the other big factor is the ability to see what you're shooting as you're shooting it uh the lcd is a very strange spot and you have to put something equivalent to a za kutaisi finder there are other types of fighters out there onto an lcd screen which is not really a high resolution screen to begin with not highly color accurate um and economic be just kind of feels wrong and then of course you've got the issue of the actual form factor uh of that body so jared has a bunch of, uh, units in his hand uh we're going to get to that in a second you can see some of the options that are out there I'm sure you've seen these units from red rock micro or suck uto and many other manufacturers um before we go there I'm going to skip to the keynote real quick and, uh talk about you know I don't have here with me right now um it is amongst some of the stuff that was lost by fedex on the way here so when we don't have stuff to show you it is somewhere out in the ether but this is ah a unit made bye bruce dorn uh I d c um that's called the u boat video rig and it's a very compact simple uh unit bruce dorn was a cinematographer in director himself uh for quite a while and, um it's just one approach to this that you might consider the price point is attractive it's two hundred sixty nine dollars I wish I had, uh, the unit here to show you but umm you could attach to it your zoom h foreign audio recorder um it's got uh effectively hot shoe mounts on top three of them so you can actually also with a hot shoe adapter mount a shotgun microphone um and you could also attach a new lcd screen if you wanted to, um and it's got an interesting wheel on the side that allows you to in a very compact and simple manner um do the follow focusing it all built in one so it's something to consider? Um definitely look into it, try it out and we're going to jump immediately to a separate unit. Red rock micro is a company that, uh I personally have worked with a lot since the beginning. Uh they were able to get me one of the very first prototype units with a very short period of time uh, after the five day march who came out and I've always been a fan of their products. I think that the quality of the products has gotten exponentially better over the last year and a half to the point where the margin between these manufacturers is eroding very quickly um there used to be, uh a huge difference between an artery and a red rock and while there still is a difference and they're probably always will be because of the price point when you sell, you know, a four thousand dollar matt box versus a few hundred dollar one there's going to be a difference uh very few of us are going to buy the already uh I will be using both depending on what I'm doing but red rock is a another fantastic way to enter into this world and they make a variety of models. I am not going to go over every single model out there because we would literally be here between red rock and secure toe and other manufacturers till tomorrow. Um this uh what jared has in his hand right now is, I believe called the captain's doubling or something like that I can't keep track of the model names the event um the event is a extremely compact set up very solid, nothing slipping off. Okay? And, uh, use this this this arm to brace the camera against you. Up goes the viewfinder on your eye and there you go off you go good way to start going to go ahead and place it down and it states which actually is a big factor for a lot of these things I'll flop over fall um it's nine hundred dollars just under nine hundred bucks uh with all these attachments what's great about red rock is that they have a tremendous amount of variety of attachments and when I say that what I use is different I make my own custom riggs based on what I put on my camera so I have almost every single red rock part that exists and I could figure them based on the lens on the camera I'm doing and that's just kind of the way that I work and I think a lot of motion picture people work is to create the absolute best rig for your needs. Um so here is the event I want to go ahead and pass that around and give it a try uh another manufacturer that that I mentioned there's also out there is kyoto um and I don't think we have their small unit priced out. Um you can see it's a similar concept all right? And you can of course attached different attachments here to balance that means they're all they're highly customizable. Ah, yesterday mentioned that uh some cps members were some repair guys were afraid if you stick there's a kyoto onto your out your rear lcd that you might rip off the lcd because it's it's put on there with double sided tape I have never had that problem but this is a great solution for it uh it could go on and off and you can remove these screws and pop it right off so go from still mo to video mode very very quickly um these air also extremely well built and um I recommend you go to their site and see what the price point is for this particular model um in general ah year two goes a kyoto tend to be a little more high priced um then other competition and I know that prices have dropped quite a bit and like I said I'll go ahead and use this part or that part and mix it in with red rock stuff another stuff uh that's just the way I work uh that being said um marcus who's here with me uh kind of does this full time and just like continuously continuously reef reconfiguring these work best so here is that unit the main purpose of these guys is to balance the camera out putting the positions that you can wrest the weight on your body find something closer to the center of gravity be able to see what you're shooting as you go if you come on in view camera one is using another red rock device where the camcorder what's that sir I thought you were saying something um different approach different way of working things these are customizable and here's marcus with the double barrel which I would say is ah xue kudos high end yep. That's our model, this it's, one of their newer, uh, revamped models of their handheld kit. It was actually made. Um, not just for the news. I ce compact prime c p two lenses, but it was made with it in mind because I don't know if you can get like, a close up. Uh, has a new, um, little rod inside here and see you right here, which attach is to a, uh, quarter twenty mounts on the base of the zeiss cp to which helps handle the week mounting bracket that kind of comes lens mounting bracket that's pretty standard on these candid cameras. So that's ah, big plus one of the big issues you'll have with any unit york with just why I mentioned the really write stuff amount that we've been using is that as you go ahead and focus the lens, the focusing well, well, italy flexed the body up and down, depending on the size and weight of your land. And you have to have an extremely, uh, solid foundation to any of these things to be able to pull them off. You will see, however, that why I love the way these work, they're kind of awkward looking. Okay and this is not anyone's fault I hope I don't sound critical but when you walk with one of these around you tend to draw a lot of attention to yourself it's not the same form factor as this up a little camcorder obviously to you have to have a counterweight which is extremely important with any system that you worked red rock over here has a counterweight on john's back okay, so you bring different way two plates the plus of this is you're trying to balance the if you call a camorra front heavy the lenses very heavy it's falling forward or tilting down so you go ahead put some weight on the back as I said wait is your friend in video uh that being said it's sad that we have to travel around with effectively five or ten pound weights on either model um and that's not their fault the manufacture of these models it's kind of cannons fault at this point for having a still body that has the wrong economics obviously when you have you hold a hand quarter um it doesn't need any waits it's kind of built perfectly for the average woman being um so that those air to the units you might look into uh these units uh tend to get higher in price uh in the three is in this case a four thousand dollar range so it can get expensive all right and um that's um you don't have to think about what units work best for you uh isn't too big or too small for you what do you really need are these two gentlemen right here I think cut the camera to um excuse me perfectly happy what they have on those two units or do they need something like this or what's coming up here come on in lawrence this is another completely different uh model made by element technica and uh it's just a different iteration of what we use and this has a different shoulder pad around it you're going to go ahead and as with either the secu toe or the red rock place your arms out you can see that he's in effect bracing his wait right over here he's using all his strength to make a very solid block so that as I push him he's not going to fall over any time soon okay you also have the marshall monitor up here uh people are working on smaller monitors that will allow you to put a loop right up to your eye which is what I've really been waiting for which is what they call it e v s and electronic viewfinder here is uh some more concoction this is mme or the type of thing that I will use it's got a bit of everything um you've got the red rock micro uh matt box in front which is locked in somehow made between mother you don't want to break anything um and also different types of base plates a battery plate in the back from med rock as well so I can have an idea ex battery up here with my black magic down here I could also put a wireless transmitter will talk about it a little bit uh on this model is a remote control follow focus unit which we will get to in a second so go ahead and walk off to the side um I can honestly say without any hesitation that you need to try these out and find out what works best for you every person has different style um a lot of people on the high end well like tend to want to make their own models and um you know um that's kind of part of the deal it's like picking your ultimate device and not one device fits all needs if you have to run in and out of a car the smaller models might be quite nice if you're going to be running around the streets and don't have a steady cam the more weight you have on that body and them or absolutely perfectly balanced it is the better okay um I'm going to yes sir you talk about our display the difference with matt fox why you using math? Yes and why you couldn't get away with using a lens it yes so uh marcus can you bring that unit right back in for me? Okay, so the reason you use matt box um is you can go ahead and drop in filters right here. Okay, this is the square filters we talked about the other day that you can get from tiffin or format you go ahead and drop it right in you could stack a second filter so you have to stop in the four stop but both of the men you've got a six top filter you could also rotate them in the mat box so if you're using a radiated nd filter that goes from dark to light and you want to burn down a sky with a filter because you can't do it in post with the cannons which is not not raw you go within the matchbox and rotate it very easily and had a different heights and just slap a filter and so sun comes out slap a filter in cloud comes in slap of filter out you can keep the same aperture and that the field I really wish it were that simple but you kind of get the idea these matt boxes also khun slide forward or backward up and down depending on the high every camera body in the less the beauty of this especially if you something like this ice compact primes is go ahead, pull the lens out other lands in next shot okay that's what's beautiful about them if you have someone helping you so shooting with a compact crime twenty eight wash quickly caught two in eighty five millimeter shot your assistant is waiting for you right here. Yeah about eighty five one two three four okay as long as at the same aperture and focus your set its speed it's the ability move it forward quickly and back also don't forget jason I'm gonna call jason chen uh jason chen the famous gizmodo guy who just found the iphone for g um oh boy and you'll notice that there's a motor here or you could have the old style fall focusing unit everyone I spoke to you guys about how the compact crimes we're all the same size when you use different lenses that are not built that standard you have to adjust the spacing every single time you change the lens I hope you can see that as ugo being able to quickly swap in and out is going to be a huge huge plus. All right, so the answer for the mat boxes of course I'm not I haven't put any of the the extent of the flags when you call the big matchbox pieces the highbrow on the guy brown okay, so the flaps that go on top of this side I haven't installed them here um and uh they frankly a make you look more professional that's kind of a big deal for some people be you have the access to the filters the quick easy in and out I can tell you there is nothing worse in trying to screw and unscrew a seventy seven millimeter ring when you're in a hurry you will drop them, break them sweat on them flog them up that being said this khun b a big like sale you wouldn't put a mat box without a lot of support mounted on the hood of a car because all the air is gonna rush into it you know kind of fight it so there are pluses and minuses just about everything there enough and obviously flare so you khun very carefully control the flare to paying on the lens because a lot of times light will hit the lens and create flair that you do or don't want to put it in your style and that's what the browser for okay, we're as a fixed uh lens hood um is not as controllable. Okay, thanks very much. Um I'm going to jump into, um a very short section on lighting as many of you have seen in the past day and a half there's so much information out there right now that I'm trying to impart upon you stuff that I've learned from other people and other sources um I believe that lighting is one of the most important parts of film um it's also in terms of equipment one of the most um cumbersome things to deal with so with the fact that we're doing a live workshop streaming on the web to try and give you an adequate run down on cinema lighting it's just asking too much it's not because I don't want to do it it's because I respected enough to not want try and hurry people up through hot lights and have them burned their hand and trying to deal with so if you go ahead when you're ready with camera two and look at the lighting that we have in this room it is not a typical lighting that a still photographer is used to okay uh are you ready john so to my left is a continuous light source that is bouncing for a flag and free diffusion paper okay you have flags all around it to control this spill of the light this is the continuous lightings solution to effectively a medium or large size soft box okay unless you buy sameera or specialized soft box do not use your still soft boxes with continuous light sources they will burn to the ground it's unsafe these things generate tremendous amounts of heat all right so that's one way of doing it and john if you khun point back here you'll see a book end like it's got a two k lite just um a pretty meaty light that is froing er the light onto a reflective um twelve by twelve has it six six by six by six very getting very tired guys um sorry ah white six by six uh that's basically bouncing light back on you with another six by six in front of it that has diffusion material in front of it all right um and what is that that's like videos answer too huge soft box or octa bank all right except it's allowed to air out you've got flags uh video lighting a continuous lighting is so incredibly different then what we're used to as still photographers with soft boxes beauty dishes uh newt's uh grids it's a whole new world and I think it's one of the biggest kicks in the head that you get when you make the transfer from stills into video you know as a still photographer exactly how you want that light to work and you know you're like shaping devices quite well as a gp or filmmaker in general um because you make that transfer get some tea sorry guys learn an entirely new language you're going to have to think about how to um deal with power issues every one of these lights draws a certain amount of power one of the main questions we'll ask on almost any production when you go into a location is how much power can this location handle before you blow all the circuits and then you're gonna have to deal with bringing in power either putt putts, generator trucks, you name it and with that comes cabling. So, um, it's an entirely new world which we're not going to go too much in debt with I will tell you the most important lesson in cinema lighting is never, ever touch a lamp source with your bare hand always wear gloves you will absolutely burn your hand off if someone goes up there right now and touches that two k, they will go to the hospital. Okay? In fact, one of the big costs and any film is the insurance policy because of these hot lips. All right, so, um the other thing I should mention is if you're a photographer transferring to becoming a director and you're not as familiar with cinema lighting, you would hire a great dp who has done this for as many years or more than you have been as a photographer that's perfectly acceptable ah lot of deep peace start off in the camera department, they're experts in lensing and how to move the camera and they may not be experts and lighting it varies all over the place, some of the peace they're number one pride and joy is the way they like now is a dp sole responsibility too light we'll talk about that with the crew a dp works with a person called a gaffer whose job in life is to light things that worked with the grips and setting up lights but a gaffer uh is also pretty much the expert in lighting on a film crew so if you're a photographer transferring to becoming a dp and you're not sure you know like but you don't know what to k is versus a one point something k versus uh you know uh all the different stuff a china ball for now lands etcetera um you're going to hire great gaffer who is going to help you and walk you through that and that's their job it's not as much of an issue as you think might think it is so that's the basic sima lights I want to introduce you what I think for me is one of them or exciting developments in lighting and uh that's this light right here you've seen out throughout this week what I'm about to do you would never ever do with a hot light this thing has been on all day and I'm putting my hand right on it there is very no heat very little toe almost no heat being generated these air led lights lady there are these little bulbs that we all see in the new flashlights it's the new technologies to kind of being going on for the last few years and the beauty of these lights is that they don't generate nearly as much heat and they also could consume ah, lot lot, lot less power, significantly less and their dimmable, which is not something you can easily do with most continuous light sources. If you want to cut down a light that's continuous like a to k, you have to put the fusion in front of it or flags or sheets of nd so if you want to dim it down, just a touch it's not easy. Moving that thing three inches back is not easy. Things might fall not to mention that you change the quality of your light room in the back in a stroll days for the only way you control powers by how close you have them to the subject. Same deal these led lights are dimmable to a very inefficient degree, which is absolutely fat awesome for me. Why? Because these cameras in low light need the light extremely low. They don't need a to k light at times they could do very, very well with anneli alight that you could just look and react to these also come with remote ce that as a dp or on operator you can be over here, diming it from a distance so that if do we have the other different models, call if you have a ring light mounted onto your steady cam. All right we'll see you there uh familiar with bring lights for stroke packs a go round lens and your steadicam is getting closer or further to your subject what's gonna happen with the light get maura less intent your exposure is going to change whereas if you have that remote control us the dp or operator of gaffer or whatever your title maybe are gonna be doing that as you move along and that is really really sexy if I may say so then uh this is the one other light that I had during reverie I call this the brick the technical term for it is the many plus I've always called this my brick ah half of it is led is the other half is a battery pack this is concurrently small and it fits and nooks and crannies and again it's dimmable you can put different types of diffusion in front of it to slap it in it comes with it and um the beauty of this is let's say I want to fill jared's face just ever so slightly now um way too much light write them in all the way down and there you have a very very little key light or fill light on his face all right so if you can zoom in all the way into his eyes john and focused there you go so there that is uh natural light this is what I would call garnish light with the average light, you can knock down enough here you're aware of the light here you stop being aware of light right about there, but you said little catch lighten his eye that is, you know the secret any commercial photographer or film maker is that little extra catch light from here to there? It's extremely subtle, but guess what I'm doing handheld, I could move it around. I could very easily do a rim light and look at how easy it is for me to move the light physically around him with my bare hands. I don't have a camera lens light support don't have c stands or magic arms or whatnot put downs able, you know, use ah a pair of matches to prop it up or a piece of paper to fold two changes direction um, can you get a magic arm real quick? Uh, one of the most common tools that I'll use is a magic car. Ah, whether it's for cameras or for lights, go ahead and screw the magic arm into this life and we'll show you in a second uh, what you can do with them to go ahead and handle this hand this to you guys, and as you can see, you can work with that light for several hours so that light was on the wheel in reverie with gaffer tape lighting the model as he's driving for new york, you go back to that film that we showed yesterday you'll see a scene of him in the twenty millimeter lands with all the smoke and fire the car and you can see jimmy's face lit from below that one little patch like panel was there. That same light panel was at the end of a model pod hanging off the side of the helicopter that's what's lighting jimmy as we're flying over new york it's not the sunset fact, the light was a little too harsh, but you know, a lot of things to think about when you're helicopter and, um, you khun really pull a lot off, I don't have the correct screws or do I cool? He has light back here, so, um one of the most important things you can carry a different types of screws different, you know, what's, um, but basically you would hopefully have adapter, which we have with us, but I hopefully you could understand how this works. This will clamp onto the arm of a chair onto a desk onto any rod or lying device, and you can shape it any way you want. This is a magic arm it's called from man photo, one of the coolest devices that everyone has, whether they're photographers or filmmakers I will go ahead and put these beneath the table in an interview scene just to get that little catch light in the actor's face as their during a little uh back and forth. So like panels to me, if I could, I would like everything with ease, given how lightweight they are, how well they travel, how they use very little power um and how they're battery operated and a c depending what you need in last incredibly long time. What is the one problem with the ladies? They're absolutely fantastic for indoors they are ok for overcast, but they only have so much power, so you cannot fight the sunlight with anneli light, yet we can get there with four of them but direct light. But if you're gonna defuse it down, as you know, the biggest trick and lighting in a tremendous amount of power toe overcome sunlight, especially when you put diffusion in front of it because you're cutting it down exponentially, right? So these are my dream lights. They just announced ones that air fin al ones at n a b just really exciting directional lights. What I have failed to show you is one last detail over here he's the one by ones you probably can't see it, but on the back is can you see that john a flood and dimmer so these can actually flood you could focus them or make them narrow just really quite cool and obviously the dimmer whereas on this one over here, eh but by color go ahead and do a kind of a wide shot our medium shot and uh you can change the color from blue or daylight tungsten or anywhere in between and that's really, really cool blue light daylight on one light and that's a pre incredible level of control people do that anywhere in between uh so you want to shoot at night uh you go ahead and change the johnston if that's what light sources if not what they have which we don't have out here maybe marcus confined it is just gels that civility slide in from the top to bottom one by ones with different colors and different diffusion material. So this, uh I am madly in love with these lights and this is what I travel with as often as I can because I don't have to have big, heavy steve c stands and long cables and electrical concerns. When I travel, I could just do with four of these tremendous amount it's only going to come and hurt me when I try to overpower the sun with these they're simply not meant to do that keep that in mind quickly jump to some very basic um description of different light light lenses that you have the final lens is one of the oldest hollywood hollywood lights it's a very focused light where you control the spread of it um uh what I'm gonna show you here is kind of what language you may not be familiar with do you know what a beam projector is? What a park han an open face zip light space light is no if you're a photographer, you don't complete different language, complete different tools I'm not going to go into it other than to say a space light is kind of fancy soft box coming from the year it's a really nice way of spreading very even light on a stage as you would with, you know, a knock back from above the china ball I have to mention is the single cheapest light source for anyone starting in video. If you don't have a lot of money, go to chinatown or reading to go and buy a paper china ball lantern and put a regular um like bald in it, careful to not set things on fire all right, but that's very soft, even lighting if you have a scene cut back to the wide angle lens to um where four people are seated around the table it's difficult to light all four people without the lights being in the frame hanging china ball in between it's lighting everything evenly around use a few light panels hit accents there your gold so if you want sheep lighting china bowl if you don't have a china ball use white paper to balance light or white styrofoam right? So you you hit a light in the same way he's hitting that light into the six by six over there go buy piece of styrofoam with a regular lamp and bounce it into it'll come out really defuse them much more flattering we're not going to go into the angle of light the quality of light on all that stuff that is an entirely different workshop that can last for days and there's some fantastic people we're going to do that the last thing that I would share with you is kind of cool like called a balloon like we'll see them use that a lot of movies now it is a huge balloon inflatable light with very powerful lights in it that kind of a shower the whole scene with light and it actually floats in midair secure being in the middle of desert as long is not too windy and light with what looks like moonlight coming from the air really cool stuff uh we're goingto quickly jump into the final parts of gear and talk about time last really quickly I mentioned this to you earlier this is a dolly and a pan its hilt head but is not meant necessarily toe work live it is meant to move extremely slowly over time sorry it's by a company called kessler I believe they're based out of indiana correct and um let's go ahead and show them how to move uh this laterally from left to right with the control what you go and do the controls we have uh something called the revolution head on this right now which is a pan until head as well but this also comes just as a slider like very similar to what we're using before but it's it's motorized you can set it to, uh shoot by itself or moved by itself which is great for time lapse especially because you don't want to be there the whole time with it though you might want to monitor it to make sure comes out um right now uh you need to have two of these oracle control boxes to be able to do pan and tilt as well as sliding at the same time. So at the moment we have it set up just for sly in which I'll just demonstrate pretty quickly um it's just a left or right toggle on this control switch and it actually just moves it just like a regular slider but I don't have to actually push it um what's great about two is that you can set different speeds for it so this is this is its slowest that the motor can go which is only one of their motors they actually have a slower motor for even longer time lapse is as well but I don't know if you can tell but it's actually moving right now um just very very, very slowly um or you can bring it all the way up to max speed and this is good for video applications obviously I mean just to be clear it's not intended to be a video application had this is really intended to be ah highly technical piece of equipment that could move this and incredibly so speeds extremely precisely it's built like fort knox this thing does not move if I try two parents helped his head right now it will not move is really built fantastically and if marcus can go ahead and switch this to the pan until ted will show you what that khun d'oh here we go we're gonna plug this in what you'll notice is I have a still camera on here as we talked about before you can do this with a video camera doesn't quite make sense depending on how long your time lapse is going to be when you can work with the raw file at twenty one mega pixels in this case nineteen you'll see a cannon um uh interval ometer over here called the tc eight o nine three catching light over there all right and all this is is interval ometer that fires or triggers the camera every one second every two seconds every fifty seconds for two hours and it can also do bald setting so it can hold up and say I want a five second or a fifty second or five and exposure um which is at the heart of any tilt shift any tilt shift any time lapse is it ready to go? So here you go pretty cool thing todo pretty cool ha! So again, this is not meant to do what we're doing now you wouldn't really use this as a like, you know, fantastic elektronik arm but but you but you can just because you're not supposed to doesn't mean you should, but the thing to keep in mind is actually a very advanced unit to pull this type of work off. So now that I've put the cart before the horse, why in the world would you need something like this? Okay, let me show you a few examples of why so today we shot a time lapse of this room for over two hour period with the one the mark four and you can see a little bit of behind the scenes of what went on here and here's a key point you're gonna find this interesting for a few seconds, but uh the novelty of watching people move around is gonna wear off really, really quickly and I think to me personally and I'm biased I cannot stand time lapse that's not in movement uh because everyone can do it with a tripod it's far too easy to do if you're starting off definitely do that you're going to want to learn about setting the right exposure about you know all the basics but there's that movie let's watch something I've never seen before just kind of doing this on the fly the same thing with this kessler um uh motion rig okay, obviously you can speed this up this was shot every seven seconds with the cranes simply moving from left to right nothing else going on but you can see especially if you were to speed this up let alone do different time raps on it how it's much more engaging because over time you're being shown new information and when we first set this up we went from right to left which didn't make sense to me because you would start on the audience and and on the speaker if you look carefully we start on the left and down the right you see towards the end there it's kind of hit the end of its motion track so this is literally a short little time lapse video that I did with the most basic amount emotion into it so as I mentioned hopefully you've gotten to the point now where you understand that with motion pictures the camera itself most often is moving. I think the exact same principles we've been talking about in terms of photography will apply to timelapse. Not only will you want to move the camera from left to right, you will also want a pan, tilt the head and eventually have a jib arm with those the same. If you go back and watch baraka that's, what they did oodles of years ago and there've been very few things ever since. Done that. Well, uh, tom lowe is out there doing something similar. Go ahead and push press, play and let's, let it load up and switch over to one of his demo reels. Some of tom's work, as you can see, the effect. Is quite entrancing uh the camera itself is in constant motion it's all about the relationship on the foreground elements to the background that was shot with one of these devices or something similar if actually for these tom made some handheld stuff before you got to hold the castle cranes and, um, you know, it's a little step motor if you really don't have the resources to do this yet, you could buy a little step motor uh with two rails and string and have it pull your dolly very slowly if you're kind of technically minded minded um and pull off somebody similar results here he is actually driving in his pickup truck, which is unbelievable way find the reason I love time lapse is I finds an unbelievable way to make any production kind of come to a different level. The big danger with time lapse photography is after a minute or two no matter how good it is, it can really get old but here's tom and that is, uh is, uh email and there's his sight time scapes dot org's so that's time lapse we're going to switch back to mikey. No, uh, I think it's something that, you know, a lot of us who don't want to work with a crew or with actors uh can make arch entry into filmmaking on this level because all it requires is your still camera you're one lens and a lot of patients. Okay, um that's the cast for crane this is a kessler revolution pan and tilt head with the oracle controller uh it's a pretty fantastic design and if your interest in this type of stuff I recommend you look into it this is the really write stuff we didn't have this slide yesterday that fell for the cracks uh you could see all the different models you have down here and like I said, there's no better vote for a sort of camera mounting system there's no way used by still photographers but also by videographers and these cameras uh it's actually fantastic here is the actual unit and you'll go ahead and open it up, place your device in there and titan and it is absolutely rock solid and you can mount the camera based horizontally or vertically and I have to slide it and just drop it in. So this is close to german engineering is we'll get in the united states on and I think it definitely holds up any engineering in the world there's obviously a bubble down there and, um this is a pretty fantastic product so there you go they make a variety of plates and attachments for different types of bodies uh definitely look into one of those we have not discussed our memory cards um you know what one of the biggest arias I find is people who try to save money on their memory cards um if you have to go go for it's okay, but when you think about it of all the points of failure you don't want to have isn't it not losing your data after all the effort you've put into it I mean, think about a simple production little in a complex one where you spent all this money on lighting on camera support on crew on travel and your memories your memory card dies on you um you know um I hate to say but uh you do get what you pay for with lies memory cards um and you don't necessarily need to have the fastest memory cards for most video cameras. Uh today um in other words this is a three hundred speed memory cards they make me move faster now uh but you do need one that you can depend upon there you go is the slight that we didn't have yesterday for the adventurous suction cup to mount stuff on vehicles flat services windows uh and that's the model number up there in the slight this is another thing that was lost with fedex um this is, uh a kind of a really interesting alternative to a dolly or slider it's a device that has three wheels that could be locked are rotated who put a simple camera play on it and you go ahead and move it around on the floor this will work great on again like a dolly on a flat floor or on a table and like the very um existence of what you would call minimalist okay it's not a flight to we're going to use everyday but once a year you'll use it in fact, I don't know if anyone here knows chases last video you did with the skateboarders you'll see what scott uh pushing a nikon d three yes through a tunnel and getting some really great great results because it's hard to get a camera that low to the ground with any other mountain uh that's not really sophisticated next comes, uh really fun stuff that, um we're going to only touch upon here. One of the main challenges with focussing as we talked about is that it's not always realistic to have the first a c move with the operator with his hand uh on the follow focusing unit so marcus go ahead and move a little bit of radically I you know I can't keep up with him and I can't see my marks this is just not really realistic same goes with as we saw before the steadicam or a gyp so now you jump into a completely different world of using a wireless focusing device there are many of them on the market uh made by a variety of cos one of the most exciting ones that's just been announced it and maybe is this wireless focusing device by red rock micro that has operated by an iphone it's not out yet uh but I think the entire dslr world is waiting to see uh, that thing in action that was definitely, I think one of the biggest pieces of news uh on uh, the web that week. If you want to see what it looks like goto my blogged blawg dot vincent law for a dot com and you'll see one or two items down below the creative live it shows this image of an iphone controlling your wireless focusing device, and if you don't want to use an iphone it's more of a simple system that also does the same thing uh in the end, you'll have to buy a motor that connects to your lens. You could buy a second motor to connect your zoom ring and a third motor to connect to your iris, which is your aperture that's. What they mean by fizz is a b high end model that does this on motion picture cost thirty five to forty thousand dollars okay is the industry standard don't know many people are going to spend that much on a follow focusing unit, but that's what the preston fizz does and simply put as you will take the knob, you see, if you go to a close up here of the camera will hit your marks and she's quite that simple, says marcus moves forward. I'm going to change the focusing and member how we marked all of her marks on you. Uh, cut ahead to this camera on the actual focusing wheels so far do the exact same thing on this device here. Okay, so this is one unit you can buy, you're gonna have that red rock micro device coming out soon, and I know that the same coming that makes this view factor is also working on the even smaller model this that plugs straight into you're canon cameras, here's what's fascinating about that, uh, there is no need for a motor anymore, which means there's no need for rod's toe hold the motor in place, which means the camera won't flex as much, which means there's no need for a battery pack that connects the motor, it will engage the u s and motor that the cannon lenses have. I haven't seen it working, uh, in practice yet, so I can't tell you how it will work. I've seen it looks amazing. I can't give you an educated decision, whether or not the u s and molder motors will work well enough in terms of being smooth um as a post using motors my guess it'll work really well for quite a lot of people to be able to just plug either wireless uh, unit or directly we usb into the side of your camera and be able to control focus for their existing cannon lenses and that for some people may make them say, well, do I really need a c p to lens? Do I really need is ice or sticking my cannon glass? I don't know it's gonna be interesting time to find out where all this goes uh no one has shown me in production and I'm not going to say that I've used something unless they've used it for three, four, five, ten days in a riot situations and not seeing the interference of problems so I'm not going to make a decision on what's going on I can tell you that's a really exciting time to be involved in this and to see where this is all going. So now you have your operator with your first pay see your focus puller following marcus around so go ahead, just walk around the room and I will adjust the focus as he moves around okay uh this unit you khun right physical marks on here um you could eventually we're gonna be able to hit the record button and set off your camera from here and stop and on the red rock device you're going to be able to do a number of things you're going to see hyper focal displayed on the iphone it's going to show you the range of what a twenty millimeter is on a one day mark four and you're going to see graphically on the phone that you're within that range and you don't need to to worry about it again if you look at my site there also releasing uh this I believe its sonar device that mounts on the hot shoe rhyme mentioned you the idea of senate ate that sends a signal out and through sonar waves judges distance so it's going also feed into that our iphone and give you the basically it's like autofocus without autofocus yet and it's going to say this is what that device is telling you that your subject is six feet away this is your hyper focal and this is where you're currently focused and then they really done something that is extraordinary and I can't see in practice isn't effectively created autofocus because the iphone will take that data from that device communicated internally to the motor and basically auto focus the camera for you alright so far I have yet to see it yet it was just announced but I am holding my breath because that is incredibly cool uh I don't think there's a single auto focus a system like this in the world well that's that's marcus and you know there you go different strokes for different folks uh granted if you're doing a very precise scene where you're trying to pick which eye to focus on this is going to be a preferred approach or maybe just even the doesn't matter whether you're integrating with the iphone you're still gonna want to use the old techniques but if you're on steadicam walking behind someone I'm a very much like auto focus because I am a single operator who doesn't have the first a c I've got my study camp so if I was casey I put that thing on and say you know, what do your best guess is gonna be better than what I can do by myself we go on the back of marcus's camera you will see uh this little blocks here what it is doing after we mentioned this earlier yesterday is it's taking in the hd my signal here from the camera and coming out as an std I signal all this is is gibberish for different types of connectors and signals what this sd I signal allows you to do is connect to industry standard television monitors in this case a marshal electronics so this marshal electronics uses uh h d s d I ports most tvs and reference monitors that you buy or rent in the television world work off of this system they do not work off in hd that's what that black magic boxes that you should put on the screen real quick um obviously need to power the black magic box you do that by feeding it power off that same idea ex battery here is a new unit we don't have right here right now for a variety of reasons uh call the I d x cam wave this will slap onto this unit back here that marcus will show you um it's a transmitter and receiver he'll go right back here in the back of the camera um and transmit what marcus is seeing live to a receiver which means that marcus could be looking at this monitor at the same time and live and wirelessly I could be seeing it on a handheld monitor in my hand on a marshall monitor as a director or as the first a seat or playing that on twenty foot screen whatever you want wirelessly so that really removes that big headache of those wires dangling all over the place of tripping over hd my cables it brings your production to an entirely different level in good and in bad ways but look what's happened in this camera now it's got a battery pack here another one back here black magic box and I d x cam way follow focusing it guess what this little itty bitty cannon five the mark too is looking a heck of a lot like a professional camera. Why? Because for professional results sometimes you need professional products. They won't look pretty in effect as you see in these things build out, it ends up looking pretty much like a beta camp, you know, like an e m g camera with a block over here, and things build out backwards exactly what it is, except those things you're nicely enclosed with plastic around it so that when it rains, you don't have short circuits. Yeah, I do not shoot with this in the rain. Okay, thank you very much. Marcus, uh, before you leave you no batteries in this case, one of the manufacturers out there that makes rate batteries eyes I d x another one you probably recognize is anton bauer. They're pretty much the leading people in the business. So here on the keynote is, uh, the the lock battery. Nice thing about the v lock is, um, pull him up and slapping down there. You're going to get right and off you go before you leave. I'm sorry. There was one more thing back to the marshall monitor. Okay, marcus, can you just quickly show them how the different features built into the monitor that might help them on their production? Well, this is one of they're older models, um and basically, uh, one of the good things that these miners can do is give you something called a predator vision, which is more commonly referred to in the industry um, which is just kind of ah, color mapping that correlates to ira's, which is a broadcast sort of signal kind of wave form correlation I don't know if I'm getting too complicated here matters they called the number yeah, basically it tells you exposure in one way or another and, uh, they come with these handy dandy stickers on the side here, which kind of give you, uh, the key to what there's means, so to get right down to it to expose vincent's face, I'd keep it somewhere between the pink and the light grey and that's how, you know, something's, expose well for human skin tones. Um, if you're hitting, if you're seeing orange or red, you know you're peeking on your whites and you might wanna drop the exposure down to pay on what you're looking at, like if you're looking at the sun it's gonna be red, you're not gonna explode it down, and if you get really dark blues or even a future, are you guys transmitting the tight shot of the of the martial court, uh, I'll see that that color scale on the left there represents those different types of levels so the red obviously is not a good thing no. Where is the fuchsia on the bottom it's way too low so that marcus is you adjust the exposure uh on that camera you will see those colors move this is extremely useful when you're on a bright sunny day or unmixed lighting and you really can't trust your eye um and effectively what this camera's doing is giving you a false color to help you decide where you're living and where you stand in all of us that's overexposed ok comptel uh which if I turn this off obviously it's super bright white it's not a good picture um some of the other great functions that this uh monarch has is the ability to, um crop in so if I was a focus puller um looking off of one of these monitors and I didn't want to stir my camera operator by using the regular five times ten times zoom on the actual candid camera you can actually, uh, punch in right on the monitor by pushing um in f one f two of three or four, I just set these for these functions you khun customised these anyway, you want, uh, configuration that you're seeing the image one the one it's not a full high def resolution modern given size they don't make those yet I'm sure they will a matter of time so you can go ahead and push the wonder one single you're getting so if these cameras have ever end up outputting full ten eighty that's gonna be a really useful tool tohave um and I would just kind of show them really quick uh flip function if it's exist on that one so put down a steadicam and it will flip your image upside down uh it may not have been sound this but just is a little bit older model right, which is optimized for viewing outside with direct sunlight it's a little bit brighter um but the other models that we have uh my four key is set so that the images as it is now will just flip it upside down so that, uh you can orient the monitor any way you want. Have you ever tried to kind of move your monitor and flip it over because you mounted the wrong way? You press one key and you're upside down very quick thing then there's peking and there's uh zebra a bunch of other functions uh some of larger miners and eventually maybe some of these models will come out with scopes on it, which is kind of like a life history gram that's made for video uh I'm not going to belabor this right now because we got to keep moving but you can see that it's more than just an lcd screen it has to do with all the tools that are associated with it to help you uh, judge color and focus and um things that you are critical to any photographer dp director filmmaker and it also is a cool thing called freeze frame where you can actually uh, freeze the frame and show it to someone so if you saw a moment you can freeze it it's like taking a snapshot onboard um and it looked list goes on and on so let's, go ahead and move out to this aquino slight cannot slide and there are the different types of martial models that are out there uh, you could go all the way up to twenty plus inches have like big reference monitors on set. I believe that is it for this section that will effectively, uh, completely conclude thank god all of the year that we have, uh for this it's been a plethora of year getting it out here. And I want to thank all these manufacturers for us gear over here for this workshop so that you can see it and makes them better decisions and try things out obviously my job's try and get these out so that you can see them I know they exist and you make your own decisions to what you need
+Class Description. ?
+The Strong Distribution HOWTO V. Alex Brennen vab@MIT.EDU 2003-04-01 1.0.1 2003-04-01 VAB Minor Updates 1.0.2 2001-08-26 VAB Removed section on Guerrilla Development, URL additions/fixes 1.0.1 2001-07-02 VAB Clarifications, and general clean up 1.0.0 2003-07-01 VAB Initial Release About this Document General Information Copyright (c) 2001-2003 V. Alex Brennen (VAB). This document is hereby placed in the public domain. This document lives at (DocBook XML) Translations This document is currently only available in the following languages: [en] English If you know of a translation or would like to translate it to another language please let me know so that I can distribute or link to the translated versions. Contributers V. Alex Brennen (Principal Author) Greg Sabino Mullane (Proofreading of version 1.0.0 - Simplification Suggestions, Technical Suggestions) Edward C. Bailey (RPM signature sections were derived from Ed's book Maximum RPM) Werner Koch(Werner Koch (GnuPG option usage correction) Fix for --not-dash-escaped requirement) Understanding A Strong Distribution Model What is a strong distribution model? A strong distribution model is a model of software distribution which is cryptographically strong. In such a distribution model software archives and source code are protected against alteration, damage and replacement through the science of cryptography. Specifically, a strong distribution model is a distribution model with makes use of public key cryptographic technology to make attack, fraudulent presentation, compromise and alteration theoretically hard problems. How does it work? Let's start by either gaining an understanding of how modern cryptography works, or by running through a quick review of that subject. Cryptography is the mathematic science of creating and using cryptosystems. A cryptosystem is a system of protecting information. Encryption is the action of protecting, or encoding or scrambling, data through cryptography. Decryption is the action of decoding, or unscrambling, that data so that it can be read. Encryption and decryption is done with numeric values which are called keys. There are two types of cryptography which we'll discuss here, symmetric key cryptography and public key cryptography. After defining symmetric key cryptography, we'll shift our focus to public key cryptography. Public key cryptography is the technology which the strong distribution model is based upon. Symmetric key cryptography is a type of cryptosystem which uses a single key, or secret, to allow the encryption of data. Typically, it is very easy to decode the secret message and reveal the hidden information if you are in possession of the secret key. If you do not have the secret key, the hope is that it is very difficult, almost impossible, to decrypt the secret message and gain access to the data. Public key cryptography is a different type of cryptosystem which uses two complementary keys, which are interrelated in a special way, to protect data. We know from our knowledge of symmetric cryptography and encryption that a key can be used to decrypt or encrypt a message. One of the interrelated cryptographic keys in a public key cryptosystem can be used to encrypt information and, due to their interrelation, the analogous key may subsequently be used to decrypt that information encrypted with the other key. In some instances of public key cryptography, both keys may be used for encryption and decryption. The interrelated cryptographic keys in a public key cryptosystem are called a "key pair". The two keys of a key pair are separated into a private key, which is kept secret, and a public key which is broadcast. The basis of the public key cryptography which is used in the strong distribution model is that data encrypted with the private secret key, can be decrypted with the public key and data encrypted with the public key can be decrypted with the secret key. A digital signature is the electronic equivalent of a traditional paper based signature with some additional benefits and features. A digital signature is a combination of hashing technology and public key encryption. A digital signature can be used to certify and timestamp a document, or in our case a software archive. A solid understanding of hash technology is critical in establishing an understanding of digital signatures and therefore, the strong distribution model. A hash algorithm is a function which can be run on a variable length piece of data in order to produce a fixed length representation of that data. This fixed length representation is called a digest. It is impossible to reproduce a message from its digest. Hash technology works by being reproducible, given the same input data, the same digest will always be produced. Data integrity can be established by comparison of hash digests. Hash algorithms are designed to have a phenomena in them called the avalanche effect. The avalanche effect is the chaining of subsequent computations to the computations which preceded them in a way that a minor change in any piece of data will avalanche, or produce an extreme effect in all following calculations. Hash algorithms are also designed in a way that makes collisions extremely unlikely. A collision occurs when two different pieces of data produce the same digest when hashed. In the openPGP based strong distribution model, a digital signature is created by creating a hash of the data and then encrypting the digest with a given private key. Software digitally signed with your secret key can be verified by anyone who acquires your public key and performs a verification operation with openPGP software. Verification takes place when a hash is recomputed on a software archive, or a piece of data, and the digest matches the digest encrypted in the digital signature. Since the signature is in part made up of hashing technology (most often SHA-1 or MD5), even any small changes to the software archive or source code, due to the avalanche effect, will be immediately apparent when they cause verification to fail. In the encryption portion of the digital signature, the tight integration of the key pair means that a digital signature decrypted by a public key which is not the public key linked with the secret key of the signer will produce a value which does not match the recalculated digest. Through this feature, verification of the digital signature not only verifies the contents of the archive through hashing technology, but also verifies the identity of the author through public key technology - and that summarizes the basis of the strong distribution model. Many developers currently make use of MD5 hash technology in the distribution of their software. Most of us are familiar with the use of MD5 to protect against the alteration of computer files though the use of programs like tripwire which create a database of the MD5 hashes for later verification. Cryptographic signature to protect data is very similar to the use of a hash like MD5. The difference again is the encryption of the resulting digest value by a key in a known key pair allows identity to be asserted and proven to the extent that the key pair is trusted. The possession of an openPGP key pair also provides a software project with the ability to post digitally signed message or to send digitally signed email. The maintainers of a software project can digitally sign release announcements, security advisories and even support email. In addition, it is also possible to use an openPGP key pair to send encrypted email to the maintainers of a software package. All of these abilities work can contribute greatly to the security of a free software project. Protection on the server Since the identity of the author and the contents of the archives are protected, the strong distribution model protects you from having your software replaced on your server with a trojan horse. It also protects you from having your software infected with a virus while on your server and it even protects you from bit rot (data corruption) and data transmission errors. In the case of a free software project not using a strong distribution model, the worst possible scenario in a compromise is that the server the project is using for distribution is compromised. However in the case of a free software project which is using a strong distribution model, the worst possible case is that the key pair is compromised. Theoretically, if the secret key is not stored on the server which is used for distribution and that server is compromised it should have only mildly significant security consequences for the project. The integrity of the software being distributed would be preserved. On the other hand, compromise of the secret key has dire consequences which are detailed in section 1.6. Protection in the wild The best thing about embracing a strong distribution model is that it gives you security that is independent of the security of your server. Since the security of a strong distribution model rests in the security of the key pair rather than the security of the server, it's no long necessary to rely on a centralized model of distribution. This means that the free software community can begin to take advantage of peer to peer (p2p) technology to distribute its software. The use of p2p technology can drastically reduce the resources needed for a large software project. The technology can therefore reduce the barrier to entry in areas such as linux distributions or heavily used and frequently downloaded applications. Protection for the customer The user benefits not only from the protection afforded by cryptography against crackers, but also by the protections afforded against unscrupulous distributors. Cryptographic signatures provide some degree of nonrepudation, or the inability to deny later that the distributor authored the contents of an archive. If a software distributor distributed a software archive which was infected with a virus or which contained questionable code and was using a strong distribution model, it would be impossible for the distributor to claim that infection took place on the client system or that the questionable code was not official code with out also claiming that their key pair was compromised. In the event of a compromise of a client system which your software is running on, the user must reinstall all the software on the system from read only media, or re-download the software from the internet. In the case of free software, the user may not have read only media. If you are using the strong distribution model, the user may be spared the need to re-download all the software if they lack read only media copies. The user would just be able to reinstall their openPGP package and basic operating system, then install your software from archives which where cryptographically protected from modification. Compromise of the System The compromise of the strong distribution systems takes place when the key pair used by the distributor is compromised. Most importantly, if a cracker gains access to your secret key, he can digitally sign software archives and messages which will appear to have come from you directly. Since digital signatures made by the cracker will be indistinguishable from the digital signatures made by the people with legitimate access to your project's secret key, it will be impossible to tell which archives are valid and which are false. Secondarily, the cracker will also be able to decrypt all messages encrypted with the public key of the key pair, including both past and present messages. The best way to protect yourself from such compromises is to use great caution in the protection of your secret key. The best practice is to store your secret key on a floppy disk, store a backup of your secret key and revocation certificate in a secure place, to choose an excellent passphrase, and to have only one individual have access to the secret key. This individual can function as the project's release master. To some extent, you can also limit the damages from such a compromise by using key pairs with reasonable expiration times and by using a signature only key. The use of short expiration times limits the number of releases that a key pair compromise would involve. The generation of a key pair with out an encryption subkey would eliminate the compromise of encrypted communications with the compromise of the release signature key pair. Minor attacks which do not result in full compromises are also possible. These attacks would most likely take the form of false key pair introduction usually with the end goal of the release of trojan horses or the interception of encrypted communications. For example, an attacker could create a fake public key for your project and use that fake key to sign a trojan horse which could then be distributed. The same type of attack could be made against developer keys. The best way to protect yourself from this type of attack is to have your key pair deeply integrated into the web of trust. Web of trust integration is discussed in section 2.3. One final type of attack worthy of mention would be the circulation of a compromised revocation certificate. This would have the effect of disabling your key pair. Recovery from this type of attack would involve the generation of a new key and the integration of that keypair into the web of trust. Third party testimonials An interesting ramification of being able to certify an archive, or piece, of software as having certain contents is that you can make that certification and subsequently make assertions about those contents. For example, it now becomes possible for a distributor to make the claim that a given package of software has been reviewed and is valid and safe to run. The distributor can sign the archive with their openPGP key to produce a new version of the archive which differs from the original only in that it has been signed with the distributor's key. An unlimited number of signatures can be made on a single software archive. therefore, the distributor can use digital signatures to identify software packages as officially being part of their distribution, and perhaps as supported versions of software. As a real world example of where third party testimonials would be useful, take the case of the Free Software P2P Network. The FSPN can digitally sign software archives which are distributed through the network. These digital signatures can provide significant additional security for end users of the FSPN and can even allow the achievement of the level of security necessary to make the FSPN possible in the absence of the adoption of the Strong Distribution Model by a large number of free software projects. As another example of where third party testimonials would be useful, take a value added model of software distribution. Company X wants to make money by distributing GPL'd software in a Linux distribution. Company X can perform a security review on the software and if Company X finds no security flaws in the archive Company X can digitally sign the archive with an openPGP key which is used to assert that a given software archive is free from security flaws. Company X can then provide some form of warranty on their signed archives. Company X now has a value added linux distribution. With third party testimonials, companies can charge an audit fee for their auditing and subsequent signature of a software package. This model in effect allows scarcity to be reintroduced into the market place of free software. The identity can only be asserted and the assertion about the software archive can only be made by the holders of the given key pair. therefore the reputation of the key pair holder can be developed and can be made valuable. While a diff could be run in the case of GPL'd software this is may not necessarily be the case with alternative licensing models. Establishing A Strong Distribution Model About This Chapter This chapter covers the steps necessary to establish a strong distribution model for your own free software projects. In this section, we make use of the GnuPG openPGP implementation on the GNU/Linux platform. These steps should be easily transferable to other platforms. Generating A key pair The first step in the implementation of a strong distribution model is the generation of a key pair. If you're currently working with a key pair which was generated before openPGP version 4, you should regenerate a new openPGP key pair with openPGP software that uses the version 4 format. The version 4 format has many improvements in design which make it more resistant to attacks and more expandable for long term use. In the case of GnuPG, you should be using at least version 1.0.6 in order to have protection from all known security flaws. I strongly suggest that you revoke any version 2 or version 3 public keys and replace them with version 4 keys unless you have good reason not to do so. Please, note that GnuPG does allow you to generate a key pair in which the public key of the pair contains only a public key without the standard additional encryption subkey. This type of key is, in effect, a signature only key. Some developers choose to generate signature only keys because while the compromise of a signature key may compromise the integrity of the web of trust and the validity of signatures made with the key, it will only indirectly result in the compromise of the secrecy of data. On the other hand, upon the compromise of a encryption subkey, the secrecy of the data encrypted with that subkey is compromised as well as any future data protected by that subkey. If you have an interest in understanding this further, I suggest you read the openPGP standards document, RFC2440. For most users, the generation of a key pair with an associated subkey is adequate and not cause for concern. Due to the way in which keys can be linked in a web of trust, it is possible to generate multiple key pairs for a project. This makes it is possible to generate a signature only key pair and an encryption key pair for the same project and link them together through digital key signatures. This also allows the generation of additional key pairs for sub projects. With GnuPG, a key pair can be generated with the following command. bash$ gpg --gen-key I'd suggest that you generate at least a 1024 bit key pair. Depending on the scope and direction of your project you may want to set an expiration date on the key of between one and ten years. I personally use three year expiration dates on my software publication keys. The user id on project keys is usually that of a security officer or a certificate authority (for example: security@yourdomian.tld or ca@yourdomain.tld). A step by step guide to the generation of a key pair with gpg, which includes a more in depth explanation of the steps, is available in section 3.5 of the GnuPG Keysigning Party HOWTO. In the event of a compromise of your openPGP key pair by an attacker, you'll want to revoke, or invalidate, the key pair to let the public know that it is no longer trustable. The mechanism of action that allows this in openPGP is called a revocation certificate. It is recommended that after you generate your key pair, you generate a generic revocation certificate for that key pair. The generation and storage of a revocation certificate will allow you to revoke your public key even in the event that you loose access to your private key due to compromise, seizure, forgotten passphrase, or media failure. In order to retain the ability to revoke your public key in the event that you no longer have access to your private key, you should generate a revocation certificate and store it a secure and safe place. You should also print out a copy of your revocation certificate so that it can be entered and used in the event of the failure of the media the revocation certificate is stored on. If your revocation certificate is compromised, the individual who compromises your revocation certificate will be able to circulate the certificate thereby disabling your key. However, the individual will not be able to compromise your secret key through his access to your revocation certificate. therefore, they will not be able to generate fake signatures, decrypt messages encrypted with your key pair, or otherwise misrepresent themselves as the owner of your key pair. Since the only negative outcome possible from the compromise of a revocation certificate is the disabling of your key pair, it is a generally safe and good thing to do. For more information on revocation certificates, and instructions on how to generate one, see section 2.8 of this document. If you have chosen to assign an expiration date to your key pair, you should generate a replacement key pair before your key pair expires. You should then use your older key pair to form a trust link with your new key pair before it expires to provide a sense of continuity to your keys. Make the key pair available It is very important to make your public key available and readily accessible. If a user cannot gain access to your public key theycannot verify your signatures. If the end user does not verify your signatures, the benefits of the strong distribution model are diminished significantly. There are three steps that I recommend that you take in order to circulate your public key. First, you should post your public key on the website where the software is distributed from. You should place the ASCII armored public key in a conspicuous place where people can easily find and download it. Second, you should post your public key to the various networks of public keyservers. A list of keyserver networks, and keyserver, can be found at the end of this document in section 4.1. Finally, when the signatures on your key change be sure to update the copies of your key on your web site and the keyserver networks. Keyservers with in the same network (CryptNET, keyserver.net, etc) will automatically synchronize the various copies of your key. You'll only need to send your updated copy of your key to one node on each network. Work on achieving cross synchronization between keyserver networks is being done. You may choose to distribute your keys by linking to them on the keyserver. This will allow your signature information to be displayed by the keyserver and alleviate the need to re-upload your key to your web site when you have additional signatures added to the key. As an example of this, here are the PGP keys for CryptNET and myself. CryptNET V. Alex Brennen. Integrating the key pair into the Web Of Trust If your public key is not integrated into the web of trust it is of significantly less security value than a public key which is integrated into the web. The openPGP keys can be used to verify that the archive has not been modified since the owner of the private key signed it. But, what assurance is there that the owner of the private key is actually the primary developer of the software package? The web of trust provides an answer to this question. In the scope of the key pair used to sign the software archives in a strong distribution model, the web of trust is a collection of statements about the validity of the key pair the maintainer of the software package provides. Most often, these statements about validity are made by the developers of the software package. Often software distributors see fit to rely on central distribution to guarantee the integrity of their published public key. This is a mistake because it not only allows easier compromise of their distribution model, but also because it ties the assurance of the validity of the key pair to the existence of centralized distribution point of the public key of that pair. If software is distributed over a p2p network, such a centralized point may not exist. In the case of a software distribution key, practicality must be taken into consideration. Unlike a personal key on which it is in most cases advantageous to collect as many signatures as possible, a distribution key only really needs signatures from web of trust integrated developer keys. When presented with a public key for a software distribution, the question which should be asked is "Is this the key the developers have issued to secure their releases?". This question can be answered by looking for the presence of developer signatures on the key. Obviously, the question of the validity of the developer signatures, should they exist, is the next logical step. Aside from the cryptographic validity of the developer signature, the validity of a developer signature must be determined in two ways. In looking at the validity of the developer signature, what we are really looking at is the relationship between the developer key and the project key, and the strength of the developer key. The relationship between the project key and the developer key should be reciprocal. The project key should be signed by the developer and the developer key should be signed by the project key. The strength of the developer key can be judged by the presence of other signatures on that key. The key for CryptNET can be examined an example of what the web of trust for a Strong Distribution Project key. The cryptnet.net has reciprocal links with its developers. The develops key in the case of CryptNET is strongly integrated in to the web of trust as you can see from this picture of the reciprocal trust links with that key and the overall web of trust integration of that key In order to link the keys of the developers on the project into the web of trust you must first sign them with the project's key. After you have performed that signature operation to complete the reciprocal trust path between the project key and the key of the developer, the developer's key should be linked into the normal web of trust. In order to do this, a keysigning party should be held. Instructions on how to conduct a keysigning party are provided in the Keysigning Party HOWTO. Additional information about the web of trust can be found in that document. Conventions This section consists of some naming and operating conventions I suggest to you. These are not yet standardized and there is not an impervious need to follow them, but I highly suggest that you do. If we can agree on common standards for naming and distribution, we can make things much easier on distributors, packagers, maintainers, programmers, and especially the end users. These standards where taken from primarily the practices of the GnuPG developers and the Linux Kernel Developers. therefore, they already have been deployed and somewhat established. Due to their use by the Linux Kernel Developers in the Linux Kernel Archive and the GnuPG developers, these methods should be somewhat familiar to at least some of your product's user base. The best way to sign a binary file, be it a tarball, an archive, or an iso image, is to generate a detached ASCII armored signature. The use of a detached ASCII armored signature keeps the main binary file from having anything appended to it. The use of an ASCII armoring for the detached signature makes it easy for the user to look at the file and determine if it the transmission was most likely complete and unflawed. ASCII armoring also protects the signature from damage during transmission though limited channels which are not safe for raw binary data. Assuming we're working with archives which conform to the GNU standards, generating a detached ASCII signature would result in an archive, for example, with the name gnu_software-1.0.0.tar.gz and an ASCII armored signature file with the name gnu_software-1.0.0.tar.gz.sig. Both files would then be distributed separately through traditional means such as ftp, http, or p2p transmission. Patch files would be signed in the same way with detached ASCII signatures. The signature of patch files would produce files with the names gnu_software-1.0.0-1.0.1.diff.gz and gnu_software-1.0.0-1.0.1.diff.gz.sig Generating a Signature In order to generate an armored signature as mentioned above, the following command can be used: bash$ gpg -a -o gnu_software-0.0.1.tar.gz.sig --detach-sig gnu_software-0.0.1.tar.gz In this command the -a argument directs ASCII armoring (radix encoding), the -o argument specifies and output file (--output may be used instead) and the --detach-sig argument specifies that the signature should be stored in the output file rather than appended to the archive. Verifying a Signature In order to verify a signature, you must be able to access the public key of the signer. You can either download the key and import it into your keyring before you attempt verification, or you can rely on your PGP software to download the key when it is needed for verification. There is great advantage to downloading the key by hand from a keyserver which lists signatures on the key because it makes your personal verification and estimation of the validity of the key slightly easier. The command to verify a detached signature with gpg is: bash$ gpg --verify gnu_software-1.0.0.tar.gz.sig gnu_software-1.0.0.tar.gz Generating and Verifying a Signature on an Inline Patch The patch program makes use of the dash ('-') character to represent lines of source code which are to be deleted. This can be problematic for PGP users because openPGP and other PGP implementations make use of the dash ('-') as a meta character. GnuPG provides a special feature for the signature of patches, either inline in an email message or inline in a file. If you use a detached signature to sign your patch file, you do not need to use the --not-dash-escaped feature of gnupg. In order to sign a message with an inline patch and take advantage of gnupg's special feature, the following command can be used: bash$ gpg --clearsign --not-dash-escaped The following command can be used for verification: bash$ gpg --verify Revoking a Key The worst thing that can possibly happen in a strong distribution model is the compromise of the private key used to sign software releases. If a hacker gets control of your private key, the hacker is then able to issue software releases which can be verified as authentic with your public key. If a compromise does happen, here's how to deal with it - revoke your public key.. Once a revocation certificate is issued, it cannot be withdrawn. Since your openPG and posting it in a conspicuous place on your website. You should continue to make your revoked public key available from your web site long after you have stopped using your public key. This ensures that someone does not mistakenly think that your secret key is valid and is still producing valid signatures. Best practice would be to keep links to all of the public keys your project has ever used on your website, including expired and revoked public keys. pair. This is the case because the openPGP standard will allow you to specify the reason why you are revoking your key pair and even provide some free text comments about the reason for revocation. The circulation of a revocation certificate with this type of information is likely advantageous and preferable to the circulation of a generic certificate created during key generation. Working With Packaging Software About This Chapter This chapter for the provision of information related to openPGP signature integration with the various package formats. If you know would like to submit information about using PGP with a packaging format not listed here, please submit it to the maintainer of this HOWTO for inclusion. If you have difficulty working with the integrated openPGP signatures of a packaging format, or if the packaging format of your choice does not support openPGP signature integration, you can still use the strong distribution model for your project. Simply perform the openPGP signature and verification operations as if your package distributed software was a tarball. Signing with RPM The following entries needed to be added to the rpmrc file: signature pgp_name pgp_path To sign a package at build time: bash$ rpm --sign To replace the signature on an already signed package: bash$ rpm --resign To sign an already built package: bash$ rpm --addsign For more information, the RPM Documentation Project rpmbook has a section on the PGP signing of RPM packages. Verifying with RPM bash$ rpm -K package.rpm For more information, the RPM Documentation Project rpmbook has a section on the verification of RPM packages Relevant Information and Sources for More Information Partial List Of Public Keyservers gnv.us.ks.cryptnet.net pgp.mit.edu Links to Related Documents GnuPG FAQ GnuPG Handbook GnuPG Mini Howto (English) Keysigning Party HOWTO comp.security.pgp FAQ sci.crypt Cryptography FAQ Maximum RPM by Edward C. Bailey Related Websites GnuPG Home Page International PGP Home Page OpenPGP Alliance Home Page RPM Documentation Project CryptNET FSPN (Free Software P2P Network) Related RFCs RFC2440: OpenPGP Message Format Additional References Applied Cryptography Second Edition, Bruce Schneier [ISBN: 0-471-11709-9] In public key cryptography, the key of a key pair which is shared. Public Keyring A keyring consisting of Public Keys. This term is most often used in relation to PGP. Secret Key In public key cryptography, the key of a key pair which is kept secure. Secret Keyring A collection of secret keys. Most often this term is used in relation to PGP where it defines a collection of secret key packets..
+Many of us have a favorite family recipe that we’re quite proud of but not many of us have tried to share them with the world. Amy Bouchard, creator and owner of Wicked Whoopies, however, was not like most and today she’s proved that risk is a recipe for reward, as her famous whoopie pies are the official state treat of Maine.
+“I had been making them ever since I was a kid, a teenager really. It was something that my grandmother used to make and it’s a real New England treat, so when I made them, my friends and family would get excited,” Bouchard recalled. “I always thought of them as a little gift because when you made the whoopie pie, you then take it and wrap it in wax paper, so it was a nice grab-and-go snack, but it was like an extra special treat.”
+A treat so special, that it quickly became dubbed “wicked”, proving Bostonians are not the only ones who use this popular phrase to describe something awesome.
+“When I was older, in my 20’s, I was a stay-at-home mom and I was trying to figure out a way that I could stay home with the kids and earn an income and my brother kept telling me, ‘You know you really ought to sell your whoopie pies,’ and I thought, well that’s crazy because nobody’s selling whoopie pies!” Bouchard recalled. “This was a little over 21 years ago and I thought, well you know, I have no business experience whatsoever but I knew that I made a good whoopie pie and I loved it and I knew they were making people happy, so I thought, well I have nothing to lose.”
+With small children at home and grand ideas brewing in her head, she was determined to make the best whoopie pie there was, something that would stand out in a crowded field of baked goods.
+“Originally the whoopie pie had a bad reputation of the cake being dry and the filling being very tasty and heavy and really sugary,” Bouchard explained. “So what I did, when I started making my whoopie pies, I wanted it to be the complete opposite of that and made the cake very moist by experimenting with different ingredients – many different blends of flour and I finally came up with the blend that I was happiest with, which was a cake flour. So I made the cake really moist and then the filling much lighter and fluffier, so it was kind of the opposite of what people were used to having as far as the whoopie pie goes.”
+Taking it a step further, Bouchard realized that to attract more attention and taste to her creations, she needed more than just your standard chocolate and vanilla whoopie pie.
+“I knew not everybody loved chocolate so I started coming up with different flavors that 21 years ago just didn’t exist in the whoopie pie, which would be like a lemon whoopie pie or raspberry whoopie pie, chocolate chip, orange … I just came up with all these different flavors in the hopes that I could try and make as many people happy as possible. That kind of separated me from the other whoopies … It just created a buzz,” Bouchard said.
+“I did think it was crazy at first, but right away I thought about it and I was like, well I absolutely love baking and I love making the whoopie pie … but at the same time, I had absolutely zero business experience and I think that because I had no business experience it actually helped me in the way that I had no fear. I had no fear at failing. I just went out there and did what I knew felt right. And then I listened to people when they were offering to help me,” she added.
+With her recipes down pat, flavors in bulk and a basket ready to be filled, Bouchard was ready to spread the word during a time when digital marketing wasn’t much of an option.
+“I had a great big, thick telephone book and I opened it up to the yellow pages,” laughed Bouchard, who in this way found a market that appealed to her, called the owner and made an appointment to drop off samples.
+After dropping off a dozen or so samples at a local store, Bouchard drove approximately 20 minutes back home and by the time she walked in the door, heard the phone ringing. The shopkeeper was calling to say he needed more: her whoopie pies had sold out!
+“That was my very first exciting feeling of, ‘Oh my god, I think this is going to work’,” recalled Bouchard, who on the way back to the store, started paying attention to all the other markets on her route. “I just started dropping off my whoopie pies to all the stores with a little note and then I would go in later, when they weren’t busy … to see if they were interested. Nine out of ten times I would be able to pick up a store. It was all done out of a basket. I would make them, put them in a basket and just go with it.”
+For two years Bouchard would bake out of her house and deliver by basket.
+“I would get up in the morning when my kids were sleeping and work around their schedules and got one store and another store and that led to another store and it just got to the point where I either had to stop doing it or I had to move out of the house because it was taking over and it was just going crazy,” Bouchard recalled. “In fact, some people told me that I was crazy and I should stop because it was just exploding but I thought, there’s no way I could ever stop doing this because I’m making too many people happy and it’s making me happy. I’m glad I didn’t listen to that advice.”
+Constantly burning the motors out of both hand and stand mixers, converting her den into a small commercial baking space and with her dining room set up as her shipping and packaging room, it was true that Bouchard’s whoopie pies were taking over her home. However, to Bouchard, this was never a bad problem. She ignored the concerns of friends and family who thought she might have taken on more than she could chew and kept on with her baking, having found a purpose and a career that she truly loved.
+Once her house could no longer contain her and her business, Bouchard was able to find a commercial space that was once an old sporting good store.
+“I stayed in that location for 10 years and outgrew that space many years before I could make the move because we just couldn’t afford it,” she recalled. “We wanted to move but didn’t dare take that plunge. Finally when we did take the plunge I went from 1,800 square feet to 18,000 square feet, which is amazing.
+“Text book would always say to pay yourself first in business. I think that’s crazy. I’m not going to pay myself first; I gotta pay my people that are helping me grow my business. I did a lot of the things the opposite of what you’re probably taught in school. I just knew that in order to grow this business, I had to take care of everybody else first and then I would come later,” Bouchard declared. “If it didn’t feel right then I didn’t do it, and when it felt right, I just went for it.”
+By 2003 she was ready to grow once again, but not in the size of her commercial space, but instead her horizons.
+“I already had established a commercial bakery, so I already knew that my products were selling and I was wholesaling it, but there wasn’t a whoopie pie shop on the planet – nobody had a whoopie pie shop,” Bouchard said. “People had doughnut shops and cupcake shops and I thought, well, why can’t I have a whoopie pie shop? I found a little space in the local downtown area and I just started fixing it up and painting it and putting pastry cases in – but I had to tell myself, so I wouldn’t get overwhelmed, I was opening a vegetable stand, because I’m like, well anybody can have a vegetable stand, which is kind of a weird way of thinking but I had to downplay everything in my head.”
+When she finally opened, she knew she was right to do so, having ignored naysayers yet again.
+“People went nuts! I had people driving all the way from Canada and then the funny thing is that the same month I opened up my whoopie pie shop, the Oprah Show called.”
+Yes, the Oprah.
+It just so happened that during the time of Bouchard’s opening, the magazine director for Oprah’s magazine was vacationing in Maine, and as they say, history was made. Wicked Whoopies were featured on the Oprah Show and before Bouchard knew it, were no longer just in demand in Maine.
+“I didn’t even have a website, we had to throw one together,” said Bouchard, who quickly found herself developing a whole new business strategy. “It really opened the door and forced us to do shipping and really do an amazing job. I created a package and made it like a gift. Everything was wrapped in tissue paper and tied up in a bow. And to this day, we do everything exactly the same way.”
+Seemingly exploding overnight, Bouchard’s whoopie pies were making their way all across the nation, opening Wicked Whoopies up to a whole new market. With a little advertising in local magazines and a free presence on the social media site, Facebook, Wicked Whoopies grows mainly through the traditional word-of-mouth.
+In 2004 Bouchard received a call from the Associated Press, as they were interested in writing a story about the whoopie pies that America apparently loved to snack on. It was the holiday season and the only thing Bouchard was focused on was getting her orders together and delivered in a timely fashion. She agreed to an interview, not even knowing what newspaper it was really for.
+“The only thing I cared about was I just wanted Christmas to come so I could go to sleep,” she said with a laugh.
+When Christmas came at last, Bouchard finally could take a breath, but something woke her that night and made her check her computer. She checked to see if her article was up and found that it indeed was up and running – in more than 180 different newspapers across the country.
+“I was shaking, I was so excited and at the same time I was scared,” Bouchard recalled. “It was a whole other explosion.”
+The next morning Bouchard received a phone call from “Good Morning America,” who wanted to feature her and her whoopie pies live on television the next day, causing another surge of national interest.
+“I could not believe how it was just going crazy,” she said. “We weren’t out there advertising or doing anything, it was really one big explosion after another. We’re very lucky in that way.”
+In the beginning, out of her home kitchen and into a quaint basket, Bouchard was making five-dozen whoopie pies each day. Today, on average, Wicked Whoopies produces more than 10,000. Instead of working out of a small and crowded kitchen, Bouchard enjoys 18,000 square feet of commercial space and two retail locations that no longer require basket deliveries.
+“I’m so proud,” Bouchard gushed. “I love it and still eat whoopie pies all the time. And I love everybody else’s treats too. When I go out and about and eat somebody else’s brownies, baked goods, cookies, whoopie pies, whatever that sweet treat may be, I always tell myself, I can do that, I can taste test because it’s my job, it’s research.”
+Best job ever.
+For an in person taste of Bouchard’s Wicked Treats, find her and her Wicked Whoopies in the Maine Building along the Avenue of States at The Big E, the biggest fair in the Northeast, in West Springfield, Massachusetts, Sept. 18 – Oct. 4, 2015.
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+Rachel said. absolutely ucsd dating website - ucsd dating website need to be parents, not pals, and I think ucsd dating website the whole privacy issue falls right in line with that. A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some non-human animals. In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to.
+Dear Evan. Should a person send a follow-up email to someone they have written to before and not heard from.
+Even if you reject God's Word regarding sex out of marriage, we have logic. Having sex before marriage: is selfish could be harmful to your health robs you of the beauty and benefits of courtship can direct you to excuse hurtful behaviours from the enthusiast greatly raises your frustration if /when the connection ends makes you more likely to invest heavily in a connection that will never work negatively impacts your relationship with Top pet dating apps While cultural pressure may cause us feel that sex before marriage is unavoidable, even our personal experiences show us how gender outside of marriage can make a mess of our own lives. That is the reason God created the principle in the first place; he wants us to have great and lasting connections.
+Looking closer, Fred notices that none of the photos are of Katie. None of the women have reddish hair, and skin tone and their own body type do not match hers.
+During the conversation you each should use a third of the time allocated, while the third ought to involve communicating openly. Your conversation should mostly concentrate on giving no room for attribute and protection and finding mutual ground. There are lesser chances that bitterness could take the lead in your relationship, when choices are made mutually.
+Really easy: MAKING JOKES OR BEHAVING LIKE A" DOUCHEBAG" We do not find anything new if I state that girls are programmed since ancient times to pick guys with the finest genetic heritage and with certain characteristics. These must ensure: survival of the species protection and care of eventual babies. In fact, it is correct that some of the prerogatives that now, women used to look for in men would be entirely irrelevant. Physical power useful for searching, the ability to safeguard the tribe and the Saulnierville Nova Scotia hubby fuck buddy from external threats, etc. aren't really useful in today's society.
+The dating of 1fine lady whose, had said her recent marriage to a date last month, she had just met. She explained how they were doing and how the cash situation was looming as super significant in buying a house. She remarked that the house prospects were handle- able since she was able to take in horrendous money in tips. It is info. Days a couple turns a money per change into big amounts adjusted.
+Second, what if in the process of having to know somebody online, you determine they are just not right for you? Remember that you have that person to turn away. Why waste the time and effort, if you aren't curious? It's a good idea to do it. This is particularly significant if you are liked by them or seem slightly shaky. There's not any need put outside to bruise their self or to hurt the individual's feelings. At the same time, so there's no misunderstanding, you need to be confident and firm.
+It would have been simple to create our character connection work by touching our grand differences in what we were each searching for in life. Yet knowing my needs that were deeper helped me recognize this match would not have worked for either of us.
+The people who lived to pass on their genes would be the cautious ones; the individuals who sized the men offered to them up and discovered mates who had what it took to be there for them and their kids long- term.
+Anything Worthwhile is Rarely Avoid free or cheap dating websites; they tend to draw the most shady people. I am aware that there are always going to be exceptions. My guess is, someplace in Chicago, a dumpster is which includes a diamond ring. If I had been searching for such a ring, then I'd choose to visit with a jewelry shop or other places known for promoting quality diamond rings.
+He's Social The man that is attractive is a very social individual, that's part of what makes him appealing. The fact that he has friends or he is always seen with a few people gives an celebrity like look to him.
+After divorce, we often interact. This is sometimes positive: getting a individual is like climbing a slip. You advance up so much lose your grip and slide back down. The next time you attempt, you are able to climb into a higher stage.
+These are suitable gifts when you have become exclusive but do not know each other that well. Consider saving presents for later.
+Since Sylvester's saying goes, " nothing helps you get over the past one like another one. " This is so true it is almost cliché but what ifyou're not prepared to move on to" the next one? " After being cheated on and ending a relationship abruptly and callously, my youthful mind was devastated. I was not prepared to live a lifetime without daily ice cream binges, pajama pants and Tony Braxton, so the idea of going on to" the next one" was nothing short of nauseating. The thought of jumping back into the relationship saddle made me ill to my stomach, but spending some time with campina grande fuck buddy and friends was something that came naturally.
+Whenever you do not understand what to do to develop, you must follow the panic; it is your very best friend. Is out of your comfort zone, and it is out of this comfort zone that.
+You'll know he has a job and he will fix your computer at no cost! " " You mean fix your computer" Shows like The IT Crowd go out on stereotypes. Apparently limited social skills are hilarious and everybody's got Asperger's. Not because I think that it's mean to laugh at Aspies, although I can't stand The IT Crowd. I can't watch it for exactly the identical reason. When I worked in the united kingdom head office of the world's largest online merchant that series came out in a time. Our offices have been in Slough, a satellite town on the outskirts of London.
+" Keep doing this! " I said to her as moved myself into place and aimed the fat head of my cock in Alice pink pussy from Saulnierville NS young prostitutes fucking. Amanda turned out to lie on her back, which meant she could use her fingers and tongue in addition to flicking to Alice's clit. I dropped in deep once again and started to thrust rhythmically backwards and forwards, almost withdrawing completely and pushing all the way back, looking 1920s prostitutes I could see that the head of my cock yanking Alice's cunt lips as it appeared and then shoving them back since it buried itself deep once again. Her brown asshole pulse and gaping so I spat down to grope it and pushed in my thumb as far as it goes. This made Alice buck and writhe as she arrived again, cum gushing over Amanda's hair and spurting out of her and face as she frantically licked at my balls and asshole.
+While this approach is used it would be very difficult to locate a narcissist that tried to alter for their own relationship and saw problems with themselves. It is a mind game, and it neverwinter nights prostitutes end up within their victim needing to see a local sluts just want dick Saulnierville Nova Scotia to start attempting to undo the harm that is always being done.
+Since there is less occurring 12, you are going to get boredom. You are not Saulnierville Nova Scotia local sluts image board the stimulation of heartbreak, andyou're not dating anyone for a long Saulnierville Nova Scotia local college sluts occasionally, because you are continuously rejecting suggestions to Chill and Netflix.
+The very first thing to do is compare the photographs of the new online buddy with that which he or she has written in the profile description. There will be things that do not match up. The catfish figures that you aren't likely to take a good look at the written description.
+So, what you require to understand is the deep stabbing pain you feel in your heart is not the discomfort of rejection, however the pain of attempting to dislike someone you love. Just when you can confess that you still care, and quit trying to hate them, both parts liquifies and also come to be one girl chase online dating. The discomfort goes away. If you desire to locate an ideal companion, you initially have to BE an optimal companion. Give your companion excellent therapy- - be definitely person, caring, as well as providing. This doesn't indicate you do not work out differences, but that you do it in a tranquility and also mild way. Don't be calculative about offering. Provide with all your heart and also trust that your companion values the love you provide.
+Your profile is your sales pitch along with your opportunity to sell yourself in the best light. It's your chance to overcome your competition, so you've got to make it count. If you do not, you won't get any attention and will be lost in the ocean of other profiles. Imagine you are purchasing a car. Which of these two adverts would catch your attention the most? " Blue automobile for sale. Runs well. Do not really want to sell her but I want the money so I can go on holiday" Or" I'm selling my gorgeous Sky Blue car- Betsy. Shehasn't let me down and's been an amazing Saulnierville Nova Scotia for some experiences. So that I will not have the ability to give her the attention that she 17, I am travelling. If you would like to take her for a spin then get in touch today and I will present you" Hopefully you can see how much better the second advert is. A spark and fun can make you sound like a individual worth fulfilling and a prospect.
+Most of us who go out a whole lot have experienced this before. Being" in state" is a real phenomenon, and it may involve leaping up on bar counters or crowd- surfing in a concert. It is whenyou're having a lot of fun, doing crazy things, speaking to everybody you see- - and you just don't care. It is frequently influenced by alcohol, and most men when they enter" state" wind up waking up the following day in some odd girl's bedroom.
+You understand how to grow higher and become more healthy although every relationship that ends might hookers and blow porn Saulnierville you back polish dating apps Saulnierville NS in the bottom of the slide, when you climb again. In their relationships following divorce, many men and women are reworking the patterns of interaction to be able to make those patterns productive, that they learned from their parents.
+Whatever the reason, here's a hard, painful truth that you need to hear: Ifyou're one of the Asian men that hold back from coming to a woman due to your race, you are shooting yourself in the foot and you won't ever improve your outcomes.
+I was grateful, After the hot local sluts Hodson was intriguing. It was easy to pay attention to him and program another date( typically a dinner date) where we could focus on getting to know each other. I was grateful to have needed a companion to do something enjoyable, if he was not second date material.
+I was not comfortable with this initially, but I had to let it go because I'm not capable of meeting all her financial requirements as I'm a student as well and I thought it was just me she enjoys and that she doesn't sell her entire body in the process.
+The products provided below are not that costly as well as featured a money-back warranty; for this reason giving it a try won’t hurt much. The only point you are going to get in return is the advantage.
+Thing That Work To Make Your Dick Bigger
+1- The quick extender pro
+The quick extender pro is a simple, light-weight format that works on grip methods. In basic words, this gadget extends the shaft of the penis, causing micro-injuries which triggers the new cell to form, therefore brand-new growth. This recovery device ultimately raises the length and also density of the body organ.
+Why should you purchase the quick extender pro?
+• A tested approach to raise the size and the girth of the penis
+• It treats erectile dysfunction and is made use of to treat Peyronie’s disease.
+• Remedies curvature, creates a more erect erection.
+• The only stretcher which utilizes a DSS system, a dual strap support group that offers you full support, manages tension, and reduces slippage.
+• Boost mobile development and therefore blood circulation to the penis.
+• It is made from 100 percent non-allergic product.
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+• Includes 6 months Money-back assurance.
+• It can be used inconspicuously under the dress, in the office, while resting, or at the party.
+• The procedure is completely pain-free.
+• It does not have any kind of sharp edges. It is made for your benefit.
+• It Keeps the privacy of the client.
+• The quick extender pro is durable, requiring no upkeep.
+• A life time warranty backs it.
+• Results are not short-lived rather a long-term natural gain in dimension as well as fulfillment.
+2- Phallosan specialty
+A popular name in the world of orthopedics, this clinically examined item uses a mechanical force by a vacuum system, a non-extreme, straightforward concept to work with penis augmentation and straightening. This gadget has every ability to obtain you to the level you so seriously crave for.
+Why should you choose a Phallosan specialty?
+• What better means than to have an app incorporate your performance? Yes, Phallosan strong suit is also offered with training apps on ios and also android.
+• It is made with allergen-free product best served for different type of skin.
+• It comes with a money-back assurance.
+• Ensure you a natural development in dimension as well as girth without surgical treatment or any other extreme treatment.
+• Can improve penis curvature.
+• This useful gadget supplies 3000-4000g of stress.
+• Lightweight, which can be put on quickly and also effectively under your gown without any person knowing.
+• Functions for each dimension.
+• Personal privacy is well shielded; this item is supplied with no reference of the name or any type of information on package.
+• This gadget does not need any kind of maintenance.
+3- SizeGenetics
+SizeGenetics is one the premier penis stretchers in the market; backed by fda authorization this product has actually confirmed to please its clients from all over the globe. It is created making use of premier medical-grade elements, a reliable medical gadget that intends to take your sex life to the following level.
+Why should you get SizeGenetics?
+• It Offers massive 2800 grams of stress.
+• SizeGenetics is an authentic, kind 1 clinical device, approved by FDA and also CE.
+• SizeGenetics features a money-back warranty.
+• This penis traction device has actually verified to improve curvature and erectile dysfunction.
+• SizeGenetics has been used efficiently in clients with Peyronie’s disease.
+• This tool gives an irreversible increase in the size and also girth of the penis.
+• Lightweight, durable, as well as easy to use.
+• It features a guide and instructions.
+• Study as well as evaluated for 19 years.
+• Easy adjustable, comfy to use.
+• Most importantly, like others, SizeGenetics values the privacy of its clients.
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+These items have actually been reviewed by numerous individuals in the on-line community. You are not asked to leap into it blindly and also check endorsements and clients’ truthful testimonials on the main web sites stated above and judge on your own.
+A penis extender, additionally referred to as an extender, is a non-invasive medical gadget made use of to boost the length and also girth of a penis. In its most typical use, a penis extender consists of a lengthening exercise device (a band) endured the penis gradually to trigger tiny splits in the tendons connected to the penis. When these tears are repaired, the penis can then grow additional size and girth, allowing the man to keep an erection longer than normal. Penis extenders have actually been clinically verified to work, but there are some disadvantages that need to be taken into consideration prior to using one. These negative aspects consist of:
+Guy that wear penis extenders over a long period of time might establish an issue called erectile dysfunctions, or EDs. This problem is aggravated by the continuous extending of the cells with time. The most significant cause of impotences is a flaccid male body organ. As a male ages, the amount of testosterone produced by the testes decreases, triggering testosterone degrees in the blood to go down. This causes the penis to reduce in both its lengthy and short length.
+Numerous men who make use of penis extenders at some point get to a stage where further stretching is no more adequate to maintain an erection. The tissues around the penis change form slightly, becoming coarser as well as harder. Likewise, due to the fact that the tissues have ended up being completely stretched out, they can not create sufficient blood for erection. This can trigger a man to come to be impotence when it is not medically required. Once the impatience gets to a particular factor, traction can be excruciating. Many males find that this pain increases with prolonged use.
+Thing That Work To Make Your Dick Bigger
+Penis grip tools have to not be utilized for any kind of clinical purposes. Penis extenders can create damage to the penis or urinary system tract tissues, which might trigger irreversible damage. Additionally, penile grip devices can cause long-term damages to the urethra.
+This is an associated tale concerning penis extenders. A good friend of mine has attempted penis workouts to increase penis size. He used a grip gadget to get outcomes, however soon after that suffered from injuries to his leg, which called for comprehensive clinical therapy. His instance is one more care to avoid utilizing penile grip tools.
+Penis dimension is straight pertaining to the androgenic. The doctor in my associated tale states that the excellent age for andropenis is thirty. The signs and symptoms connected with androgenic are penis pain, tenderness and augmentation of the penis. If a man really feels discomfort in his genital location and also he overstretches the penis, he ought to quickly contact his medical professional.
+Penis enhancement surgical procedure is frequently advised by lots of medical professionals and also sex specialists as an option to boosting the penis size. However, this is a major operation, which might have significant adverse effects. It likewise needs a lot of time and financial investment. Penis extenders are a much more secure as well as much less challenging choice to surgery and many men locate that they are just as effective in enhancing their penis girth.
+You should consult your physician prior to you start making use of a penis extender and also make sure you understand the penis stretcher appropriately. Make sure you understand exactly how the penis cot jobs and precisely what the benefits and also dangers are. Your physician will be able to determine if a traction phalloplasty is right for you. Penis extending has actually been around considering that ancient times; however, not virtually enough guys understand the benefits of penis extenders.
+Thing That Work To Make Your Dick Bigger
+Among the most preferred penis extenders is the Phalloplasty machine which is a hand-held tool comparable to those penis pumps. The Phalloplasty contains a vacuum layout which attracts the cells of the penis into the gadget which creates it to extend. The penis extenders that utilize a penis pump have a tube that fits inside the body of the penis and also when utilized, draws the cells and also develops stress that stretches it, while other penis extenders that make use of hands-on grip work by using consistent pressure with time.
+The most significant benefit of using penis extenders is that it will boost your sex life. You will have better endurance, more challenging erections and more extreme climaxes. Numerous males have actually reported that their sex life enhanced significantly after the initial couple of weeks. Sex can enhance due to the fact that you will certainly obtain used to having longer and also thicker erections as well as orgasms. When you engage in penis stretching workouts on a regular basis, you will be most likely to attain these benefits.
+In this Dr. Oz associated tale, he informs a woman that had undertaken surgery with a really reduced success price that she should never ever have actually done it without a doctor’s guidance. He after that takes place to claim that the outcomes were not life threatening yet that it was the incorrect option and also made points even worse. Numerous guys do not understand that the threats associated with using penis extenders much exceed any advantages that they might get. There are numerous dangers associated with this procedure such as infection, numbness, rigidity as well as also damage. If you are not exactly sure if penis extenders are right for you, I very suggest that you speak to your medical professional and also see what they tell you.
+The subject gone over in this article is not something individuals like to speak about as well as is still considered beyond the pale in numerous parts of the world. Males are made fun of for the size of their organ; for this reason they don’t really feel comfy talking about, they feel troubled as well as timid to open up, also to their doctors completely, and therefore the problem stays unsolved, but now you don’t need to go to a clinic or speak with your friend for the suggestion due to the fact that this post is mosting likely to aid you. This new globe of online area and social networks has come up with solutions to nearly every little thing, however not all the solutions evaluated online are genuine; not all the websites offer beneficial products. We are mosting likely to review some of the initial products that can can be found in handy relating to penis extension. Numerous penis tablets claim guaranteed results, yet in actual these pills don’t work and also most of them are bluff.
+Relive each delicious moment of the TV adaptation of A Discovery of Witches with our weekly recap. This week? A Discovery of Witches Episode] Color returned, walking without a limp, pleasantries still at the ready… well that was one mighty swift recovery, Prof. Bishop! They used essential oils as part of her treatment, didn’t they? Mhmm, they did.
+[1:00] Listen up, I know this warning accompanies the start of every episode, but we were served enough blood and fear in this past one to keep us all stocked up for a bit. No need to promise more so early in this episode.
+[2:00] Squeaaaaaaaaaa! Home indeed. I’ve been patiently, not-so-patiently waiting for Matthew and Diana to arrive in Madison so, selfishly, we can spend time getting cozy in “the house.”
+[3:00] Possible for me to have the whole second floor of my house disappear around the time unwanted guests ask to come visit? Convenient loophole, really.
+[4:00] Is it just me or has Peter Knox’s perfectly-coiffed hair grown more and more disheveled in proportionate response to his master plan also unraveling? One more episode and he’ll hover somewhere around Nick Nolte mugshot glory.
+[5:00] I’m so glad that, of the aunts, Aunt Em is the one who closely guarded that critical piece of information. I can’t help but wonder how far off the rails we’d be right now if it’d been Aunt Sarah’s to keep. Then again, if it had been Aunt Sarah, my hunch is that it would have come out long before now.
+[6:00] I normally welcome a house full of guests with a charcuterie board. I can’t help but wonder if this conversation wouldn’t be better received with a nibble or two of some aged gouda and cured meats while flopped on the couch.
+[7:00] “I was half myself for years, and you didn’t say a thing…” Finding yourself and figuring out who you are in the world is such a struggle at any age without outside forces putting a box around how far you can take that exploration. I can’t imagine what Diana must be feeling. Then again, many of us don’t truly discover who we are and feel comfortable in our own skin until we’re adults and have conquered bumps in the road.
+[8:00] Ohhh, dinner theater! Hooray! SOMEONE GET THE CHEESE PLATE.
+[9:00] It’s a good thing we know the Bishops were good guys. Because this scene is straight out Poltergeist, The Exorcist or any other ’80s horror movie that kept me sleepless for years. If they start calling her Carol Ann and ask her to come toward the light, I’M OUT.
+[10:00] Parents, a free PSA: anytime a smooth-talking man asks if he can see your daughter so he can lay hands on her and “feel her power inside” — just say, “NO.” That is all.
+[12:00] I linger too long in a goodbye hug with my son when I leave on your run-of-the-mill work trip. I can’t fathom how Rebecca and Stephen were able to break the hug and say goodbye knowing instinctively it was a one-way trip.
+[13:00] “The spell was tied to my need for you” had the potential to be the corniest love phrase ever delivered. But because it’s these two and they’re having this moment amidst the cool backdrop of New York in fall with Matthew sporting that cable knit sweater (yes, that’s relevant, I swear), I’ve gone weak in the knees. Storybook romance, indeed.
+[14:00] …aaaaand then her dead mother appeared to put a bow on the whole sentiment and do us in completely. So I’m now dead, too.
+[15:00] This will go down as one of my favorite scenes in the whole series. A “for your consideration” awards nomination submission for both Alex Kingston and Valarie Pettiford. These enormously talented dynamo women have brought so much depth and chemistry to two book characters who, to start with, already had a good measure of both.
+[16:00] Sorry not sorry for loving the irony of Peter Knox waking up from nightmares and uninvited bedside visitors after he’s spent the better part of a lifetime torturing the Bishops (and likely others) the same way.
+[17:00] “Diana doesn’t even know her own power, what she is.” We’ve watched several characters, including Diana herself, come to this realization. But you know what? It never gets old. Keep ’em coming.
+[18:00 p.m.] And again we say, Malin Buska is slaying this role. She was tailor-made for TV Satu. Standout!
+[19:00] I have a feeling Matthew’s “with respect” is the vampire with impeccable manner’s way of doling out a Southern “bless your heart.” Whatever comes next is always a gamble.
+[20:00] Complete side note, but we love to pay credit to all the magicians bringing this show to life: the lighting in this scene is perfection. It leaves little to the imagination of the setting, the time of day, the mood in the room, the smells and noises likely found outside. Kudos to the director of photography and lighting team!
+[21:00] I don’t know what words Diana’s muttering, but if I were her, I’d be waving my hands trying to conjure up more coffee for a day with Aunt Sarah as my tutor. Oh sorry, with all due respect, of course.
+[22:00] Diana’s dad was a time walker — and the plot thickens!
+[23:00] Domenico’s attitude and voice throw off so much smolder that I can’t tell whether he’s terrorizing Juliette, flirting with her or an intoxicating blend of both.
+[24:00] Note to self: magic flows freely when emotion overtakes you while wearing a turtleneck. Straight out of the Diane Keaton playbook. Good to know!
+[25:00] “What. Just. Happened.” Same, Matthew. Because if I possessed this ability, you’d find me getting a pedicure or maybe eating tacos… not in an old barn. Take notes for future in case I go missing.
+[26:00] In case there was any doubt in your mind about the intellectual superiority of daemons as creatures, behold: a solved Rubix cube right in frame. Well played, props team. Well played.
+[27:00] Italy is so full of beautiful creatures that these two don’t garner a second look from anyone when they interrupt mass click-clacking down the center aisle. Fascinating.
+[28:00] They’re holding this little meeting so discreetly that it makes me wonder if they really need that Platform 9 3/4 Congregation meeting site. They could just hold them inside a Catholic mass in between the sit–kneel-stand, sit-kneel-stand, and no one would be the wiser.
+[29:00] I know we’re supposed to loathe her, but I celebrate any moment that a woman (or man) finds the inner courage and strength to rise up against whoever or whatever oppresses them and finally feel free.
+[30:00] Between Diana’s “Owww [giggle] SHIT” and Matthew‘s ”[growl] FUCK,” I love that no matter the volume of degrees and powers they collectively hold, they react in scenarios such as these just as eloquently as we mere mortals do.
+[31:00] May these two never lose their ability to flirt with each other — whatever shape that takes.
+[32:00] Only Matthew [fictional or real] could pull off that sweep-up, carrying ascent maneuver without incident. The rest of us would take it in stages, come out bruised or hear joints popping as we attempted. I love TV.
+[33:00] Imma need a minute. [Ps, Amber Run‘s ”I Found Love” is one of many gems on this season‘s soundtrack. Stay tuned for a future podcast episode from us diving into the music of this series.)
+[34:00] “You can’t hurt me because you don’t want to.“ If only life were that that simple, Diana.
+[35:00] I just spit wine at “Mi Casa, Su Casa!” This awkward doorway greeting is one I’ll play on repeat. So hilarious.
+[36:00] Well there you have it, Sarah’s onto Matthew’s courtesy on a string. Also, I’m trying to imagine how much our house would talk during family holiday gatherings.
+[37:00] I love that the collective resting witch face just shut down Miriam, typically the strongest voice in the room.
+[38:00] Welp, as we said in our Episode 7 recap, Satu’s going to wish that hoodie was red and came with an extraterrestrial sidekick to fly her way out of this.
+[39:00] Production side note again: the set design in this room is gorgeous. The blues, the leather, the fabrics. So rich, so warm, so Bishop.
+[40:00] Good call, Baldwin. I also subscribe to wine as a go-to measure whenever there’s still work to be done or information to be shared. In fact, I’m drinking it right now while I listen to you two roar at each other.
+[41:00] “Wouldn’t this be more fun if you just came out here and kissed me?” See comment at the 31-minute mark.
+[42:00] With all due respect, no, no, no and FUCK NO. I’m getting the hang of it, Matthew!
+Closing thoughts: Gulp. I guess my request for less blood and fear this episode was gifted, but on a string given what’s to come in the final episode (eek — not ready for this to be over yet!). But isn’t that life, in general? When you’ve gotten your wits about you again, filled the reserve tank and are in the midst of the light and joy that life and an attic romp can bring, something cuts you off at the knees again. Or grabs you by the throat when you least expect it. But like Diana, we find strength we know we have — and even some we didn’t know we had — to fight back, persevere and find a version of ourselves on the other side that’s even better than we thought possible.
+All this to say, I love how completely relatable this show about worldly creatures and magic is to our own lives. This, among many other things, jumped out of the books to me and the TV series is proving no different.
+I’d be happy to bask in the autumnal glory of Madison and the aunts’ hospitality for many more days to come. For that reason alone, this is an episode I’ll come back to frequently to enjoy for the setting, camaraderie, acting, sharp dialogue, rich emotion and mundane-within-the-mayhem nature of it all.
+How’d you enjoy our first stay in Madison?
+What was your favorite part of the episode?
+If you’ve missed any of our A Discovery of Witches recaps, do not fret! You can find all of our Season 1 recaps here.
+One thought to “A Discovery of Witches TV Recap: Episode 7”
+Pingback: A Discovery of Witches Episode 8: A Minute-by-Minute TV Recap
+Well I'm a 22 year old British Environmental Earth Science graduate of Aberystwyth University looking for work related to my degree while I hold down a part time job at my local Tescos to bring money in while I search
+Fortunatly for you guys this gives me quite a bit of free time and I thought that I would write down some of the things that randomly pop into my head
+I like most science fiction and fantasy tales including Narnia, Stargate, Star Wars, Babylon 5, Battlestar Galactica, Lord of the Rings, Star Trek, Harry Potter and others
+I'm gay, have a massive crush on Bradley James and my favoriate pairings are Arthur/Merlin (Bradley James/Colin Morgan) High King Peter/Prince Caspian (William Moseley/Ben Barnes), Wyatt Halliwell/Christopher Perry (Wes Ramsey/Drew Fuller), Boone (Ian Somerhalder) and Samuel Anders/Lee Adama (Michael Trucco/Jamie Bamber) so you can be dam sure that most of my stories are going to be slash. If you don't like that dont read them, its an extraordinarily simple concept
+PLEASE READ WHAT'S UNDER boy tied to a fence, beaten to a bloody pulp and left to die because two straight men wanted to teach me a lesson
+Re-post this if you believe homophobia is wrong. Please do your part to end it
+Long Live The Republic Series
+Galactic Basic: The visual alphabet, sounds and grammar of the language my GRP characters are speaking
+Squadron: 4 wings, 4 fighters/bombers to a wing 16 fighers/bombers to a squadron
+Republic Strike Group: 1 Firestorm Heavy Cruiser (Command) and 4 Firestorm Heavy Cruisers (Standard) escorted by two Icestorm Light Cruisers and 4 Hurricane Frigates each. The Icestorm escorts are themselves escorted by two Hurricane Frigates each. Total Strike Group numbers = 5 Firestorm Heavy Cruisers, 10 Icestorm Light Cruisers, 40 Hurricane Frigates
+PKSB: Peacekeeper Starbase
+PKO: Peacekeeper Outpost (Supply, Repair, Defence, Scientific, Mining, Intelligence)
+PKCC: Peacekeeper Command Carrier
+PKC: Peacekeeper Cruiser (Firestorm, Icestorm or Phantom)
+PKA: Peacekeeper Acclamator
+PKF: Peacekeeper Frigate
+PKCH: Peacekeeper Cargo Hauler
+RHS: Republic Hospital Ship
+RCH: Republic Cargo Hauler (civilian)
+RPL: Republic Passenger Liner (civilian)
+RPT: Republic Personal Transport (civilian)
+RSF: Republic Security Force (system defence forces and convoy escort companies)
+Armour Strengths: Rated 1 to 20 with 1 being the least durable and 20 the most durable
+1.) Civilian galactic standard armour (GA and GRP)
+3.) Tau'ri trinium/carbon armour (Civilian)
+5.) Goa'uld armour
+6.) Military galactic standard armour (GA)
+8.) Asgard standard armour (Beliskner)
+10.) Asgard naquada/trinium/carbon armour (O'Neill) + Tau'ri trinium/carbon/collapsed-core molybdenum armour (Military)
+20.) GRP collapsed-core molybdenum armour (Military warships and support ships only)
+Shield Strengths: Rated 1 to 20 with 1 being the least powerful and 20 being the most powerful
+2.) GRP Defence Screen
+3.) Galactic Standard Shields (GA)
+7.) Goa'uld Shields (System Lord)
+8.) Tau'ri Shields (1st generation - Hammerheads and Forays)
+14.) Asgard Shields
+Note that shield power is also proportional to the size of the ship generating it. The Defence Screen of a Command Carrier is going to be more powerful than the shield protecting an Al-Kesh. This scale is best used between ships of comparable size eg: Imperial II SSD/Firestorm/Ha'tak/Beliskner/ etc...
+Goa'uld
+Goa'uld Ha'tak: 700m long by 650m wide and 315m high. 60 ship to ship plasma cannons and limited anti starfigher energy weapons. Carrys 3 Death Glider fighter squadrons and 1 Al-Kesh bomber squadron, 2,000 troops
+Goa'uld Al-Kesh: 35m long by 20m wide and 15m high. 1 double barreled staff cannon turret and energy bombs. Can carry a significant number of troops, hyperspace capable, shielded
+Tau'ri
+Hammerhead Cruiser: 600m long by 250m wide and 250m high (widest and tallest points) 2 Super Heavy Turbolasers, 30 Turbolasers, 20 Flak Guns, one fighter squadron, 600 crew, 50 marines. Red parts coloured a deep blue, cream parts remain cream. Guns on either side of the bridge remain (Super Heavy Turbolasers) but loose the two on either end of the hammerhead, bridge replaced by viewing room C&C deep inside vessel
+Foray Destroyer: 300m long by 50m high and 150m wide (widest point) 12 Turbolasers, 20 Flak guns, 200 crew, 20 marines. Loose the two main guns, Red parts coloured a deep blue, cream parts remain cream
+F-302 Broadsword Heavy Fighter: Four rail guns, 2 chin mounted 2 wing mounted. 12 slammer air to air missiles with Potassium/Naquada warheads.
+Spartan Defence Platform: Tripple Barreled Super Heavy Turbolaser, 70m long by 50m wide and 50 high, heavily armoured, jet black in colour, fully automated
+Galactic Republic of Planets - Space
+Kaitain:
+Indomitable Class Starbase: Imagine only one door
+Vengance Command Carrier: 6km long by 800m wide and 1km high. 1 Heavy Ion Beam, 450 HL7 Turbolasers, 120 Flak Guns, 1 Shadow Stealth Fighter Squadron, 3 Howitzer Bomber Squadrons, 6 Tsunami Space Superiority Fighter Squadrons, 10 Tornado Interceptor Squadrons (Total 20 Squadrons), 8,500 crew and 2000 space marines. Imagine jet black hull, lose UNSC logo, lose the piece of hull below it
+Firestorm Heavy Cruiser: 1200m long by 150m wide and 200m high. 1 Standard Ion Beam, 75 HL7 Turbolasers, 45 Flak Guns, 1 Howitzer Bomber Squadron, 2 Tsunami Space Superiroity Fighter Squadrons, 3 Tornado Interceptor Squadrons (Total 6 Squadrons), 1,650 crew and 450 space marines. Imagine jet black hull, lose the pods on the sides and extend the amour plate around the holes in the hull
+Icestorm Light Cruiser: 800m long by 100m wide and 135m high. 1 Standard Ion Beam, 50 HL7 Turbolasers, 20 Flak Guns, 1 Tsunami Space Superiority Fighter Squadron, 2 Tornado Interceptor Squadrons (Total 3 Squadrons), 1,250 crew and 250 space marines. Imagine jet black hull, lose the pods on the sides and extend the amour plate around the holes in the hull
+Acclamator Assault Ship: 800m long by 450m wide and 200m high, 10 HL7 Turbolasers, 50 Flak Guns, 20,000 troops, multiple armoured vehicles and gunships, 600 crew and 50 space marines. Jet black with the command tower removed
+Phantom Stealth Cruiser: 400m long by 50m wide and 60m high. 10 HL7 Turbolasers, 20 Flak Guns, 1 Shadow Steath Fighter Squadron, Intelligence gathering equipment, multiple stealth field generators 600 crew and 50 space marines. Jet black, lose the windows
+Hurricane Frigate: 100m long by 10m wide and 25m high. 4 HL7 Turbolasers, 8 flak guns, 75 crew and 15 space marines. Imagine jet black hull and lose the extra bit of hull under the bow. Flack Guns more or less where the current guns are.
+Tempest class dropship – Jet black. Landing gear to support ~12m off the ground. Bottom of forward triangle becomes ramp to deploy and load troops. Centre section of the forward slant is two sliding doors to open and deploy gunships
+Earthquake Class Bomber: 4 gun mounts (2 types), 4 missile banks class 1 and 2 missiles and bombs loadable, Heavy shields, Heavy armour, Medium manuverablility, Medium speed, 1 Missile bank can hold one of the following… 15 Class 1 Missiles / 50 Class 2 Missiles / 8 Cyclops Torpedoes / 4 Helios Torpedoes
+Tsunami Space Superiority Figher: 8 gun mounts (3 types), 4 missile banks class 1 and 2 missiles loadable, Heavy shields, Medium armour, Good manuverablility, Good speed, 1 Missile bank can hold one of the following… 15 Class 1 Missiles / 50 Class 2 Missiles. Imagine same armour as howitzer, no glowy bits
+Tornado Class Interceptor: 6 gun mounts (2 types), 2 missile banks class 1 and 2 missiles loadable, Medium shields, Light armour, Very good manuverablility, Excellent speed, 1 Missile bank can hold one of the following… 15 Class 1 Missiles / 50 Class 2 Missiles. Lose the underside fins
+Shadow Stealth Fighter: 2 gun mounts (1 type), 2 missile banks class 1 and 2 missiles loadable, very limited storage, Light shields, Minimal armour, Unsurpassed manuverablility, Excellent speed, Stealth system, 1 Missile bank can hold one of the following… 5 Class 1 Missiles / 16 Class 2 Missiles. Lose the glowy bits
+Fury Defence Plaform: 1 Light Ion Beam, 50m long by 50m wide by 50m high
+Thunder class shuttle: Black and red. 4 Subach HL7s, two in the port wing and two in the starboard wing (bulky wings with the landing gear not the triangles)
+Mercy Hospital Ship: 1km long by 200m wide (widest point) and 350m high. 100 Flak Guns and 1 Tornado Interceptor Squadron. Multiple landing bays and dozens of Thunder Shuttles. 500 crew, 200 space marines 8,000 medical staff with room for 12,000 patients. Imagine the hull is forest green in colour with two lilac coloured medical symbols on each side. The medical symbol is the galactic basic letter B and looks like an eye + pupil drawn with straight lines
+Galactic Republic of Planets - Ground
+Eagle and Kestrel class gunships – Coloured black and red. Completely enclosed to protect troops and serve as a boarding ship. Doors slide back to reveal troop compartment. Twin missile launchers above main body remain as do ball turrets in the wings. Two Subach HL7s added to wing tips. Forward turrets, both ball and guns removed and replaced by four Subach HL7s built into the main body that are forward firing. Kestrel class looses the troop compartment and carries a Raptor or a Turtle exposed with a ¬ shape where the troop compartment usually is.
+Bright Sky Class Artillery + Command APC: Black and red much smother lines but retains the shape of a rectangle with flattened corners. Centre section should be exactly the same as the other two to give the body one shape not a collection of smaller ones. Both described in more detail in the chapter
+Javelin Class Artillery: Black and red, twice the width of a raptor, half again as long
+Turtle class APC and Raptor class tank: Jet black with red markings,5 meters across and 4 high, sloped sides giving it a flattened octagon from the front, the similar shaped missile launcher is dead centre of the APC half buried in the forward hull not on the side as in image. Weapons controller compartments were on either side of it, four turreted pulse cannons on the four corners of the vehicle. The Turtle and Raptor differed in the back half, the Turtle had lost the ½ meter high turret and with it it’s generator and the 6 additional missiles stored and had instead replaced it with a compartment to hold 8 troopers and a rear door to offload them under the covering fire from the rear pulse cannons. The twin tracks were placed directly under the sides to give it a minimal targeting profile. Launcher carries 6 Harpoon air to air missiles.
+Peacekeeper Troops: Standard 501st Legion clone trooper amour. The black underlay remains black, the white panels should be changed to blood red and the blue parts should be changed to gold for a commander, black for standard and heavy troopers and space marines, bronze for jetpack troopers and snipers or blue for engineers and pilots of gunships, tanks etc...
+Astarii: Armoured gold, emerald or sapphire depending on their class. James Koren wears blood red armour
+Chancellors Guards: Guard the Supreme Chancellor of the GRP and the sector governors
+Astarii Lightstaffs: From left to right they are... 1: standard Astarii lightstaff (done in black and apropriate metalic colour with apropriate colour blade), 2: Visas Marr's lightsaff (bronze blades), 3: Bao Dur's lightstaff (bronze blades), 4: Mical's lightsaff (emerald blades), 5: James Koren's lightstaff (purple blades), 6: Mira's lightstaff (gold blades), 7: Atton Rand's lightstaff (gold blades), 8: unsed, 9: Brianna's lightstaff (silver blades)
+Astarii Lightsabers: From left to right they are... 1: standard guardian lightsaber (sapphire blade) + Bao Dur's backup saber (bronze blade), 2: Visas Marr's backup saber (bronze blade), 3: standard consular lightsaber (white parts black, black parts white, gold parts metalic green, emerald blade), 4: James Korens backup saber (grey parts black, gold parts metalic purple, purple blade), 5: unused, 6: standard sentinal lightsaber (gold blade) + Mria's backup saber (gold blade), 7: Mical's backup saber (emerald blade), 8: Atton's backup saber (gold blade), 9: unused, 10: Brianna's backup saber (silver blade)
+Galactic Alliance
+Executor Super Star Destroyer: 12km bow to stern, 1,500 Turbolasers, 500 Ion Cannons, 300 Torpedo Launchers and 40 squadrons
+Imperial II Star Destroyer: 1.6km bow to stern, 100 Turbolasers, 20 Ion Cannons, 18 squadrons, 37,000 crew (5,000 minimum crew) and 9,700 stormtroopers
+Top.
+Free Designs2018-12-17..
+Christmas and New Year's hours2018-12-17
+We will be closed December 24, 25 and 25th in order to allow our staff to celebrate Christmas with their families and friends. For New Year's we will be open until 2pm on new Year's Eve and closed New Year's Day.
+We hope everyone has a merry Christmas and a happy New Year and we look forward to helping with all of your cabinets going into the new year.
+If you are in the middle of a project we do recommend to contact us as soon as possible so that the holidays don't result in any delays for you.
+Sale on Brentwood and Soft Shaker cabinets!2018-12-01
+We have marked our Brentwood and Soft Shaker cabinets down by 40%! You will not be able to beat this price on a similar cabinet anywhere. We will be discontinuing these lines so hurry and get your savings while supplies last. This discounted rate is subject to availability. Once a size runs out it is gone for good so contact one of our design staff to get your cabinets before it is too late. The price on our website already reflects the discount. This offer is not valid with any other promotions or discounts.
+Thanksgiving hours2018-11-16
+We will be closed for Thanksgiving and will re-open on Monday 11/26/2018. We hope everyone has plenty to be thankful for this year and we are thankful for the opportunity to serve you with all of your cabinet needs. If you need anything during the holiday feel free to leave us a message or send an email and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
+Thank you
+SALE!! 15% OFF BRENTWOOD AND SOFT SHAKER2018-05-21
+Our Brentwood and Soft Shaker lines are on sale for 15% off. Contact us and speak to one of our designers for details. Sale price is valid through July 31st while supplies last.
+New styles coming soon!!2018-05-12
+Keep an eye on our website for our new styles. They should be available in the next few weeks. We are adding a few frameless European style cabinets in white and grey, a new raised panel available in a white, light grey or mocha and we are introducing a new shaker style to our line that will be available in white or a light grey. Its just a matter of getting the IT department to get everything ready for the website. We are very excited about these styles and are sure that you will love them too.
+Thanksgiving hours2017-11-15
+We will be closed for Thanksgiving day and the remainder of Thanksgiving week. We will re-open Monday 11/27/2017 at 8am CST. We wish you all have a great holiday and find plenty to be thankful for this year.
+New cabinet lines coming soon.2017-02-27
+Keep your eye on our site. We will begin introducing some new cabinet lines in the next few weeks and should have them available to sell in the next month or two. We will have a slab door, an additional shaker style and another raised panel coming along with some options in grey. If you don't see what you are looking for it could be here soon.
+Another Satisfied Client2017-02-20
+The following letter was sent to us from a happy client...
+"I am writing this letter to express my appreciation for the outstanding customer service provided by one of your employees. She has given excellent service and has been very helpful on picking out what options would be the best design in our kitchen. I feel she went to great lengths to help make the purchase smoothly and made me feel as if she cared about us loving our new kitchen look versus just making a sale.
+So far in the ordering phase, I have had a very good experience at Wholesale Cabinets and would recommend your company to whoever is in the market for new cabinets.
+Thank you again for the excellent service."
+We appreciate the kind words and promise to give everyone this level of service.
+Have a Happy 4th of July!2016-06-30
+We just want to wish everyone a fun and happy 4th of July weekend. We our giving our staff the opportunity to celebrate our independence and freedom with their friends and family. We will be closed on Monday, July 4th and re-open on Tuesday, July 5th for normal business hours. Be safe and have a great weekend.
+Price Drop!2016-02-26
+We have lowered the price on our top of the line Bristol Coffee and Bristol Antique White cabinets. Both have full overlay doors and drawers, soft close doors and drawers and a plywood box. All of these premium features combine with a beautifully styled traditional cabinet. If you would like to get a design for your kitchen with these great cabinets just submit a a design request by clicking the Free Designs button that is on the left side of the homepage near the top of the page.
+40% off on our discontinued Classic White Shaker2016-01-29
+We have discontinued our Classic White Shaker cabinet and the remaining pieces we have in stock are 40% off. This is a great deal on a cabinet that has soft close doors and drawers and a plywood box. Once we sell out they will be gone for ever.
+Snow storm coming to Nashville2016-01-19
+We are expecting a snow storm overnight and into tomorrow morning (01/19/2016) here in Nashville. Depending on the conditions we may open a little late. Thank you for your understanding.
+Merry Christmas!2015-12-05
+I hope everyone is looking forward to enjoying this holiday season. To allow our staff to be able to enjoy Christmas and the New Year with their families we will be closed Thursday, December 24th through Sunday, December 27th. We will re-open Monday, December 28th at 8am. We will also close at 2pm on Thursday, December 31st and re-open at 8am on Monday, January 4th. We wish everyone a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!
+Have a great Thanksgiving2015-11-14
+To allow our staff to enjoy the holiday with their families we will close at 4:30 pm CST on Wednesday, November 25, 2015 and re-open at 8:00 am CST on Monday, November 30, 2015. We hope you and your family have much to be thankful this year. We know we do because our clients have been great to us this year. Thank you to all that have chosen us as your cabinet supplier.
+New Gallery Photos2014-12-17
+We have uploaded more pictures of completed jobs! Check them out now in our gallery!
+Thanksgiving2014-11-26
+We are closed from November 26th through November 30th for the Thanksgiving holiday. During this time we will also be doing our semi annual Inventory. As a result, no orders will be processed until Monday December 1st and some items my show as unavailable during that time.
+Thanksgiving2014-11-21
+Just a reminder we will be closed from November 26th through November 30th for the Thanksgiving Holiday. We wish all our customers a safe and happy Thanksgiving!
+New Hardware2014-11-18
+Just in time for the Holidays we have added 7 new hardware lines!
+- Aberdeen
+- Asher
+- Brenton
+- Cairo
+- Cosgrove
+- Key Grande
+- Sonoma
+Check them out now!
+Live Chat2014-11-03
+We have just rolled out an all new Live Chat system. If you have questions, we have the answers!
+POODLE Web Security Bug2014-10-28
+After the announcement of the POODLE (Padding Oracle On Downgraded Legacy Encryption) exploit, we have tested all of our systems to ensure that we are not affected by the most recent OpenSSL vulnerability. Neither Wholesale Cabinets Warehouse nor our payment gateway, Authorize.net, uses OpenSSL, and as such is not affected by this security vulnerability..
+Just as with the HeartBleed bug found earlier this year we are not affected by this bug. All customer data is safe and secure. We do however recommend that all users stop using Internet Explorer 6/7 as they are both vulnerable (as well as unsupported by our site).
+The latest versions of Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Safari and Firefox should be safe to use.
+Showroom Renovations!2014-10-16
+In an effort to better serve you our customers, we have been making some big changes around the showroom!
+We have put in all new floors and are working on putting in new displays and sprucing up how everything looks.
+Stop by and check it out!
+RIP Robin Williams2014-08-12
+Our hearts go out to the family and friends of Robin Williams. The world has lost one of the greatest actors and comedians of all time. He will be severely missed by his family, friends, and fans.
+Oh Captain, My Captain...
+More NEW Styles2014-06-13
+Over the next 2 or so weeks we will be adding the following styles:
+- Brentwood Antique White
+- Brentwood Cherry
+- Brentwood Coffee Glaze
+- Brentwood Toffee Glaze
+We have added soft-close hardware to the accessories section so that the few styles that do not come soft-close standard can be upgraded to have it.
+In addition, we have made so upgrades to our live chat feature so that it is now more useful than ever! Feel free to chat with one of our representatives today!
+New Accessories!2014-05-13
+We have added more than 200 new accessories!
+Sinks, Trash Can Pullouts, Lazy Susans, Pullouts, Organizers, Vanities, Islands, and More!!! Check them out now!
+New Door Style - Bristol Coffee - Will be available by the end of the week!2014-04-23
+Call today and ask one of our staff on how you can get your hands on this new gorgeous door style before it is gone.
+Heartbleed Web Security Bug:2014-04-09
+On Monday, April 7, 2014, information was made public regarding a major vulnerability in the OpenSSL technology that encrypts much of the Internet's traffic. More information about this vulnerability is available at heartbleed.com. Neither Wholesale Cabinets Warehouse nor our payment gateway, Authorize.net, uses OpenSSL, and as such is not affected by this security vulnerability..
+We do however recommend that all users stop using Internet Explorer 6/7 as they are both vulnerable (as well as unsupported by our site).
+The latest versions of Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Safari and Firefox should be safe to use.
+Updates2014-03-26
+In order to serve you better, we have made some changes to how paying out an order works. In addition we have made several other changes to make navigation and creating an account easier..
+New Style!2013-11-08
+In addition to our other amazing cabinets, we have added a brand new style Deluxe Espresso Shaker. It's a beautiful dark shaker cabinet and features soft close doors and drawers with full dovetail construction. Check it out today!.
+While I’m waiting for Opera in Linux to improve further (its already pretty great!), I’ve decided to make a couple of adjustments to make the browser feel a little more integrated.
+Get the skin!
+I’ve created a simple script that extracts the installed default skin and modifies it with all in one quick run. This is very beneficial for me since I like to update my slightly edited skins by merging my modifications with the latest and greatest default skin with only a double click.
+The only change to the skin (thus far) is the tab bar background which now allows for a smoother appearance between the tab bar and window title.
+Ambiance Skin
+Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx
+Install Skin (Opera 10.60+, updated 2010-12-16)
+Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat, 11.04 Natty Narwhal, 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot, 12.04 Precise Pangolin
+Install Skin (Opera 10.60+, updated 2012-03-26)
+Radiance Skin
+Ubuntu 10.04 Lucid Lynx
+Install Skin (Opera 10.60+, updated 2010-12-16)
+Ubuntu 10.10 Maverick Meerkat, 11.04 Natty Narwhal
+Install Skin (Opera 10.60+, updated 2010-12-16)
+Previous skin versions are now available on page 3.
+Get the Speed Dial backgrounds on Page 2!
+I’ve moved them to page 2 since the main interest of this post is the on the skins.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; en) Presto/2.5.27 Version/10.60
+If that doesn’t work (which it should), you ca always open one of the images above, right click and select -> “Use Image as Speed Dial Background”
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.5.29 Version/10.60
+Oh, if you are following Opera snapshot releases then there’s no need for change log or anything like that. I thought you were releasing skins because you changed something
+…
+Following snapshots is just fine, then whenever new snapshot is released by Opera Dev team, I’ll just pop here again and D/L new version
+…
+Thanx for the reply
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+Though I understand that the 10.54 skin is no longer updated, it looked rather nice. Is there any simple way I can get it working for Opera 11 alpha?
+Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.4; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+With all of the changes that have been made to Opera since version 10.5x, I’d have to change quite a bit to get it working the same as the other skins.
+I’m always welcome to feedback and I’d be happy to help where I can. Are there specific differences that you prefer in one skin over the other? Also, which skin are you using and for Ubuntu 10.04 or 10.10?
+I originally used the default Opera button icons, however, I changed them to use icons that are specific to the Ambiance and Radiance themes so it would make Opera feel a little more integrated with the OS. Various color changes were made later to keep the skins matching their respective Ubuntu themes at my convenience, but that doesn’t mean I couldn’t make it even better.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+I am using the Ambiance theme on Maverick. I have no problems with the changed Opera icons, which look nice. What I don’t like is the shiny effect you have put on background tabs, which is either not coming off well or will take me a little getting used to. I would also have preferred a attention dot instead of the green bar. Also the Red menu button suited me better, I feel.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick); en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+I’m not a graphic designer or anything like that and don’t claim to me, but I’m happy to hear criticisms about my work.
+What I was attempting to do was work the gradients of the Ambiance buttons into the tabs since the default tab design clashes in the title bar. I’ll try to rework it as much as I can, but if you’re good with graphs I’d love for you to post a picture of you’re idea of how they should be! I take no offense to your feedback and actually welcome them happily! I’m just glad you’re looking into my work.
+You’re not the first person to mention the Opera menu icon. I was hoping to copy a Firefox design where the icon was gray scale, but if it doesn’t work then thats fine. I’ll do something different.
+About the attention dot. I’d rather not use red simply because red (by gui design) typically implies that there is a problem or that something wasn’t right. I was trying to mimic their alert scheme like they do with new instant messages or mail with the mail icon. Do you think an orange icon would fit? I’m trying to confine myself to the original color palette.
+Any mockup pics are graciously welcome.
+I’ll do what I can to perfect it, but at the same time I’m trying my hardest as a non-graphic designer to follow the graphic theme.
+The tabs were a trial run. I see where you’re coming from, but if you have a suggestion for the style then I’d love to hear it!
+Thanks again for your feedback.
+Without it, this skin would be horrid and tacky. :/
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+I meant no offense to you either. Your efforts on a skin are so welcome that I may have just switched back to Windows without it.
+). The 10.54 skin was good enough for me for that purpose.
+Please note that I am not a graphic designer either so you have to take any advice from me with a grain of salt.
+Your theme in the present form is looking nice.( It is a big improvement over opera unix version) Its just that I am rather used to the Windows version. I am new to Ubuntu (I’ve used it in VirtualBox lots of times but never as a proper partition) and so my aim was to make Opera look as nice as it does on Windows and not Ubuntu integration.(though there’s no reason both things can’t happen
+A orange dot would look nice in my opinion. However I am not sure why a bar is not having the same alerting effect as the dot. Is it because of the fact that its a bar or is it because of the gradient on the tab?
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick); en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+Like I said before, your feedback is welcome. Good or bad. I take no offense, because most of the things people comment on are things I’ve questioned myself.
+I think I will soften the tabs (read: remove the 3d shine) and maybe try the Ubuntu orange (as seen in the Ubuntu logo in my user agent string for my comments).
+Sorry for my use of the word “criticism”. Its a strong word. :/ I really do appreciate constructive criticism though, so you’re comments are 110% welcome.
+I recently got a Mac and so I’m getting spoiled with the beautiful interface, but its very difficult to create this without trial and error.
+I’ll keep the updates coming if you’ll keep the feedback coming!
+I think you’re right about the green bar attention…since its positioned between the dark background (where it works great) and the lighter tabs (where its not as visible).
+I’ll make a few changes and post them soon. Its hard to tell how the progress is from the middle of it, but when I compare it to previous screenshots I’ve taken its beginning to look more and more natural. I just need more feedback like yours before I weed out the bad parts.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick); en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+I’ve posted an update with changes to your suggestions for the attention icon and the inactive/hover tabs.
+Please don’t feel like you have to like my changes. If they aren’t what you were talking about I’ll keep trying.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+You do work fast!
+The dot is already making me feel more comfortable. Two or three things more:
+What about a darker shade for the background tabs? (I am sure they would look better but I am not sure about how integrated it will look.)
+The edge of the background tab buttons are appearing slightly blurred. (in previous skins too but not in 10.54 one)
+I also just noticed that the bookmarks bar needs work.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+That looks nice. Do you mean that the new close buttons would be similar to the one on the title bar? (Since I see that they have disappeared in that screenshot)
+Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.4; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+I’ve only disabled the close button from preferences.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+Time to submit it to the Opera skins page?
+Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.4; U; en) Presto/2.6.37 Version/11.00
+They won’t accept it until I get rid of parts of the skin that can fall back to the default skin, but yes…when I find time I will start cleaning it up.
+There are a few quirks I’d like to fix before submitting it, but they aren’t all that bad.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.7.38 Version/11.00
+After some days of use, I think I find tab tiles too hard to read.
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; U; en) Presto/2.7.38 Version/11.00
+titles*
+Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux x86_64; U; Ubuntu 11.10; pt-BR) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.51
+Thanks man!
+Your blog rocks!
+Green's Dictionary of Slang: An Appeal
+« previous post | next post »
+In the April 3, 2011 issue of the New York Times Book Review, I appraised Jonathon Green's wonderfully comprehensive three-volume reference work, Green's Dictionary of Slang (GDoS to its friends). I concluded the review essay thusly:
+It.
+Now, at year's end, it turns out that Green's plan to make GDoS available online has run into some trouble. He asked me to post the following appeal on Language Log, responses to which should be directed to him (email address below).
+An Appeal.
+Around twelve months ago Chambers/Hodder in the UK published my 3-volume, 6,200-page dictionary of 500 hundred years of worldwide anglophone slang: Green's Dictionary of Slang. It has been distributed in N. America by OUP/US. It received a variety of gratifyingly appreciative reviews but while a number of these termed it my 'life's work', the reality is that my life continues and so does the work. In the last year the database has increased by some 6,000 new citations, headwords and senses of existing terms; in many cases these provide earlier examples of use. I have every intention of carrying on expanding, revising and correcting, even if the ever-widening range of sources available on the net mean that I can never achieve complete coverage of what is on offer.
+The net, of course, has changed everything, nowhere more than as regards reference publishing, for which it provides a natural home. For reasons that need not be detailed, I do not have a publisher willing to partner me in this. I have, on the other hand, the digital rights.
+My primary aim now is to get my work on line. I wish to provide a 'front-end' to the research database, taking advantage of the sophisticated search functions that a digital version of the work can offer, and making that work available to a far wider audience than is currently the case. I do not have a 'business plan' as such, but would see a two-tier format: a version without citations that would be free to all (an approximate, but of course much-improved equivalent of my one-volume uncited Chambers Dictionary of Slang which appeared in 2008), and a version that offered citations, and a regular update based on continuing research, for a subscription. (The fruits of that research would also be included in updates of the free version). I would welcome user input, but that material would necessarily be properly mediated prior to inclusion. I believe the dictionary could work as an app for tablets, and that there are a variety of alternative formats in which it could be presented.
+I cannot do this alone and I am looking for some form of a partner, sponsor or, to tip my hat to Samuel Johnson, patron. Whether this would be an academic institution – I have interest there but it is far from resolved – a publisher or simply an organisation that sees the value of the work in a digital form even if it has no knowledge of reference in general and slang in particular, I do not know. It may be that the last would be the most suitable. I can, after all, provide the scholarship; what I need, and what I cannot do myself, is to offer expertise in managing an on line work nor in promoting/marketing it. Nor do I have the skills to administer the technology.
+So I know what I want, but I do not know where to find it. The possibilities are vast and I have to admit that faced by them all I become something of a babe in the digital woods. The one thing of which I am wholly certain is that the work should be sustained and that I am continuing to do so. Any suggestions, advice or introductions would be gratefully received.
+Jonathon Green
+jgslang@gmail.com
+website:
+Lindan Johnson said,
+December 31, 2011 @ 3:21 pm
+Dear Jonathon,
+I greatly appreciate your life's work… and it seems to me that while you search for your digital patron- at the very least you should be be starting a list of your supporters who would be willing to pay a monthly subscription rate (like I do for the OED). I also pledged $5 a month to support Wikipedia (and will increase that soon). I also think you're right-you need Digital Dude or Diva who can work the magic of creating the right platform that will showcase your work and delight and amaze your seekers. Finally- take a look at Kickstarter (kickstarter.com) because this sounds like a perfect project to get the initial funding to formulate a business plan, tech design AND attract some tech talent who might want to join you for the next stages of the project. You can provide an assortment of "pledge gifts"- for $25 people can get 5 of their favorite slang words (def, origin, etc) in their choice of font [you list ten choices] printed on lovely sheets of archival paper suitable for framing. You can create higher level "rewards" – people do include $5,000… $10,000 level awards that include sponsorship or participation deals.
+Count me in.
+Lindan
+teucer said,
+December 31, 2011 @ 5:31 pm
+I second Kickstarter. I can't afford to contribute the kind of sponsorship it would take to make this happen – but if it were a kickstarter campaign, I'd toss in twenty bucks. I'm certain I'm not the only one in that position.
+Olof said,
+December 31, 2011 @ 9:19 pm
+Gluejar (at gluejar.com) is working on crowdsourced funding models for works like this, especially where libraries might be interested in having free access to the work (disclosure: the founder of Gluejar is my brother).
+Jeremy Wheeler said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 6:49 am
+What a wonderful idea! Email sent direct to JG.
+On an entirely unrelated point, is your use of "thusly" ironic, Ben?
+languagehat said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 11:25 am
+On an entirely unrelated point, is your use of "thusly" ironic, Ben?
+Huh? From M-W Collegiate: "thusly adv (1865) : in this manner : thus." Not even a "nonstand"; it is a perfectly acceptable word. Surely we are not polluting the comment threads of Log posts with prescriptivist peevery?
+Jerry Friedman said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 11:49 am
+In my opinion, the first thing Jonathon Green needs to do is put a sample of his dictionary on line so people know what they'd be supporting. He might be able to prevail on his publisher to make a few pages visible at Amazon, or he should be able to put a scan or something on his Web site.
+The second thing is to explain exactly what needs to be done, possibly at Mr. Green's site. What form does he have the text in? Does it have a lot of formatting that he'd like to convert automatically? A lot of potential hyperlinks? Does he need help accepting payments on line and giving access to the citations to payers? (Obviously that's a solved problem, but I have no idea how to do it.) Does he have a method for user input in mind, and does he want a way that trusted people can edit the dictionary?
+It seems to me that if he has word-processor files with the complete version and the citation-less version, he could use a wiki farm to have a usable version of most of what he wants within a day or two, though not the alternative formats or the tablet app.
+Jeremy Wheeler said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 11:58 am
+Indeed, as M-W dictionary of English Usage says, “whatever its [comic] origins thusly is not now merely an ignorant or comic substitute for thus”. It is, though, rare (97 hits in one million words in the COHA) and I genuinely wondered how it was being used by Ben. Prescriptivist peevery? Hardly.
+Jerry Friedman said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 12:03 pm
+@languagehat: Acceptable to who? If you mean thusly is acceptable to everybody, it isn't, as stated in the AHD and the MWDEU. Or do you mean something else?
+Jerry Friedman said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 3:23 pm
+@Jeremy Wheeler: To my amazement, M-W says, "Thusly appears to be appreciably more common than thus when the adverb follows the verb and precedes a colon (more common than either is a phrase such as 'in this way')."
+At COCA, I got 218 hits for thus with a colon and 52 for thusly with a colon. All the hits I looked at on thusly seemed relevant; not all the ones on thus were, but it seemed well over half were. (I don't have time to count right now.) So I have my doubts that thusly is really more common than thus in this situation, but it's not all that rare, either.
+Jeremy Wheeler said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 5:30 pm
+@Jerry Friedman: I think there is also a Br Eng/Amer Eng difference. Only two hits in total from the BNC.
+Jeremy Wheeler said,
+January 1, 2012 @ 5:36 pm
+Oh, and as I seem to have slightly taken over the thread, can I just add that I got a charming reply when I emailed Jonathon Green, who is still looking for support from some sort of institution, academic or otherwise.
+David said,
+January 3, 2012 @ 11:56 am
+Consider approaching archive.org, this may be something they could fold into their family of sites.
+This is part of an ongoing series of interviews with potential Magic Hall of Fame candidates in the 2013 class.
+Previous interviews:
+Justin Gary
+William Huey Jensen
+293 Lifetime Pro Points
+38 PTs played
+4 PT Top 8s (10.5%)
+1 PT win - Paris, 2011 (2.6%)
+3 PT Top 16 (7.9%)
+1 PT Top 32 (2.6%)
+10 PT Top 64 (26.3%)
+18 PTs at Top 64 or better (47.3%)
+9 GP Top 8s
+1 GP win - Indianapolis, 2012
+Median finish: 77
+3 - Year median: 57
+Years in PoY top 10: 3
+Lifetime winnings: $160,565 (23rd)
+You played for a while, then you stopped and eventually came back. Why did you stop? Why did you come back?
+I stopped because poker was going really well and I knew I couldn't give Magic my full attention. People were starting to talk about me as one of the best in the world, and I felt like I wouldn't be able to play as well since I wasn't going to dedicate as much time to Magic as I had the past couple of years. I started playing again because I missed it too much. I know as I've grown older, I generally care less and less about impressing people or what people think and I just generally want to have fun and I haven't found anything more fun than the Pro Tour.
+What are the big differences in competitive Magic between now and then?
+Back then, the whole environment was different. There were around 30 good players in the world who were all very good and most of them were super competitive. The rest of the field didn't stand much of a chance until Magic Online and writing blew up, giving everyone access to the top decks and strategies. Now the Pro Tour feels much more laid back. Maybe I am just projecting how I want it to be on to it. I know I was more competitive back then than I am now, but the Pro Tour environment feels much more welcoming and friendly.
+What is your current relationship with Magic? How would that change if you were inducted in the HoF?
+Magic is my favorite game and I enjoy playing it at home on Magic Online and at big tournaments against the best in the world. If I make the Hall of Fame, nothing about that will change. I will just be grateful that someday, in the hopefully-not-too-distant-future when I have a family or other requirements preventing me from traveling to so many Grand Prix that I will still get to play in Pro Tours.
+You’re called one of the best, if not the best, Limited players in the world. How did you get to this point?
+I think I got to be one of the best Limited players in the world mostly just by playing infinite Limited. When I was young my friends and I would sleep over each other's houses and team draft all night long. Even when there was a Constructed PTQ coming up we would still just usually draft until the day before, then play like 10 games of Constructed and go right back to drafting. It's just what we always did in South Florida.
+What do you think is the biggest mistake people make in Limited?
+Now I think people make a lot of mistakes that prevent them from doing well in draft. The biggest ones are not evaluating each card in the context of that format. People think they should be able to look at a card and have an idea of how good it will be in that format based on how good it would have been in general in Limited. While that's better than nothing, it's far from accurate. Card values fluctuate greatly from format to format, so I try to approach each new Limited format with an open mind and see how the cards interact with each other and what's important in that format.
+You’re primarily a professional poker player. What are the main similarities and differences between professional Magic and poker? Does playing one improve your abilities in the other?
+I definitely think playing poker and Magic improves your skills in both. There is a lot of overlap in the skill set, a lot of cost/benefit and risk/reward-type analysis in both games, as well as balancing the best play in a vacuum at all times without tipping your hand and staying focused on the big picture.
+What other accomplishments do you have that are not listed on the stats page?
+I did grind into the Masters once. I have a very good PTQ resume—I've Top 8'd almost half the PTQs I've played in and made the finals in almost half the ones I have Top 8'd. I am definitely one of the top team drafters and I'm thrilled to see that Wizards is supporting the format now in Grand Prix.
+I haven't invented very many decks but I did kind of invent UG Scapeshift. I played it in PT Austin, the first tournament it was legal after Zendikar came out, and only a small handful of other players in the room had it or even knew what was going on when I cast [card]Scapeshift[/card]. I didn't do well there, though, and the deck wasn't amazing for that tournament with all the [card]Dark Depths[/card] around.
+What is your best memory from Magic?
+Still my first Pro Tour: PT London '99. I turned 16 right before the PT and I had never even been to a GP yet. Even though I didn't do well there, if memory holds there was the Mercadian Masques prerelease at midnight to play in and we did lots of drafting. It just felt really special. It was both Antonino De Rosa's and my first Pro Tour and we went together. At that point it wasn't even about winning or losing, I was just the little kid happy to see Jon Finkel. After getting on the Pro Tour, my favorite by far was Houston 2002. I played [card]Pattern of Rebirth[/card], which was all kinds of tutoring and discard and [card]Wall of Blossoms[/card]/[card]Spike Feeder[/card]s. I have never had even close to as much fun playing in a tournament as I did in that one.
+Have you ever written Magic articles? Can you give us the link to the one/ones you like the most?
+I write for ChannelFireball, and I think my best works are generally theoretical articles on drafting/playing. I am a much bigger fan of teaching someone how to do something than telling them exactly what to do, so I usually feel like those articles are my best work.
+What do you think your greatest strength is as a player, something you do better than most people?
+I think my greatest strength as a player is exactly as you said when you wrote about a lot of our team's different strengths and weaknesses. Every time someone does anything, it means something to me, so while sometimes I outplay myself, I win some pretty sweet games of Magic, going far out of my way to play around cards. My general philosophy is not to play around too much until I have a reason(s) to believe they have it, but then once I do, I will generally go to great lengths to beat what I think they have based on their previous plays.
+Do you have a preferred archetype?
+My preferred archetype is generally the sweet decks. I loved Tinker and Pattern. Decks that can do a lot of very different things with disruption, be it discard or counterspells, and search effects. In my opinion, Magic is supposed to be about the play back and forth between you and your opponent. If you guys don't both have a lot of reasonable options, why play the game?
+What are your favorite deck and card of all time?
+Well as I said, Pattern of Rebirth is my favorite deck. Though [card]Counterspell[/card] or [card]Psychatog[/card] was probably my individual favorite card of all time.
+What’s your favorite format?
+My favorite draft format of all time is Champions of Kamigawa, that block was amazing for Limited with soulshift, splice, and ninjitsu. Everything was a choice and you rarely lost to mana flood or screw because the cards were slow and you had time to draw out of mana screw and if you had a few extra lands you could always find ways to use the mana.
+What Ravnica guild are you?
+I don't have one.
+Imagine every person that gets in the HoF gets to make a card to represent them, like the Invitational. What card would you make?
+I would love to make a nice counterspell, maybe with landcycling. Obviously [card]Traumatic Visions[/card] isn't really too hot at 5 mana. If that card had cost around 3 mana, it would have been a really sweet Constructed card. I know they wouldn't print something like that nowadays, but I think that good cheap removal and disruption is what leads to the best games of Magic.
+What is your Hall of Fame ballot this year?
+My hall of fame ballot is LSV (who, if you don't vote for, you should lose your vote), William Jensen, Martin Juza, Eric Froehlich, and Shouta Yasooka. First person to miss for me is Paul Rietzl. I don't value PT wins or Top 8s much higher than Top 16s and Top 32s. I feel like I was mostly lucky to win the matches I did at the end of the PTs I Top 8'd, and if I only had 2 Top 8s but had two more Top 16s, I would still be just as proud as I am of my Pro Tour career. I think EFro, Martin, and Shouta have all put together tons of great finishes in Pro Tours and Grand Prix, so even if they don't have a lot of PT Top 8s, I don't think that should be a bar that stops them from being recognized for their accomplishments and getting into the Hall of Fame.
+Favorite movie?
+The Matrix.
+Favorite book?
+I don't really read much fiction anymore, but I really liked the first Harry Potter when I read it way back then. Lately, I think I enjoyed Blink the most. (Thanks Pat Cox or LSV, whoever recommended it.) The main concept of the book applies so heavily to Magic. It mostly talks about how you should trust your initial "gut feeling" on something even if it doesn't reason out. Obviously not because anyone is psychic, but generally the subconscious brain does a better job. Almost all the best Magic players I have ever witnessed played very quickly, I have always found double-checking things just leads me to more mistakes.
+Favorite food?
+Pizza or Chik-fil-A.
+Is there anything else you’d like to say?
+As someone who doesn't put much stock in a given tournament or even a given year because there is so much variance in Magic, making the Hall of Fame really means a lot to me. I started playing this game when I was 11, almost 20 years ago. It's played a major role in my adult life and it would be incredible to be recognized alongside the best players in the history of the game.
+.
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+Ovechkin - Backstrom - Knuble,
+Semin - Morrison - Laich,
+Fleischmann - Steckel - Fehr,
+Osala - Gordon - Bradley.
+Before we get into the what?!?!? Where's Clark !?!? What about Nylander, you don't really think they'll pay him $5M to sit in the press box this season - do ya ?!?! stuff. Let's just examine this set of lines and a few of the possibilities with these guys and why the heck i think the team could easily look a lot like this on most nights and do very well....
+The first line is awesome, while some folks will be missing Vicktor Kozlov and Mike Knuble is 37, comparing what each of them did last season you have to look at Knuble as
+an upgrade. With Knuble on the line as well as OV and Backstrom you have a line that last year scored 105 goals between them (Knuble 27 goals versus 13 for Kozlov). Also Knuble's presence and "grit" should help the line keep things simpler and may even result in opening up a that little bit more time and space for OV to have yet another 60+ goal season. The continued maturation and development of Backstrom also seems all but guaranteed and as his 1+ point per game productivity in the playoffs last season showed he too could likely benefit from the presence of Knuble driving to the net to open things up more.
+The second line of Semin - Morrison - Laich is one I'm very excited about, combined they scored 73 goals last season. Assuming Alexander Semin continues to develop and play more of a two way game, something that Brendan Morrison's presence - like Sergei Federov's last season - should reinforce, and Morrison returns more true to his historical form, and this line is going to be the most different thing between the start of last season and the start of this season. Laich had another solid year last year and will only have his "gritty" style of play reinforced watching Knuble and Morrison nose for the net and drive at 37 and 34 respectively. It wouldn't surprise me to see this line quickly click with Semin relishing the time and space Morrison and Laich's style of play force defenses to give him, and using it for his f
+irst 40+ goal season. Morrison with a feeling of something to prove and finding that playing with Semin can be as exciting and fun as playing with AO might just return to 20+ goal form; and Laich with all that garbage to pick up continuing to better his season high goal production and knocking on that 30 goal season door.
+If the second line "gels" like I think it will, opposing teams would be looking at playing a Washington Capitals second line that produces 90 plus goals. Talk about no place to hide. Talk about having two power play units to make your mistakes hurt even without a heavyweight enforcer and that's what the Caps could well have in their top six forwards. Talk about having to really do some juggling - if Semin has a 40+ goal season this year - GMGM is really going to have to earn his money when it comes to extending his contract before the end of the season. Talk about having a lot to shout about in Section 103 during Caps game this season - I'm grinning just thinking about these possibilities.
+The third line consisting of Fleischmann - Steckel - Fehr consists of two guys on wing who though solidly deserving of a sweater each night haven't lived up to their potential and a center who really earns his money and at a salary of $725K as one of the better faceoff men in the NHL last season is a bargain. Further last season during the playoffs "Stecks" had 3 goals, 2 assists and a 15.8% shooting percentage in 14 games - if he can keep on that track (0.357 points per game) during this regular season that would be a 30 point season with 12 - 15 goals. Those would be solid stats for a third line center. Assuming that at least one of the two wings betters their last season performance (I'd bet on Fehr getting 17+ goals and "Flash" getting 21 or more) and it's easy seeing this line - a group of guys who scored 39 goals between them last regular season producing 50+ goals during this years regular season campaign. Given this year is a contract year for all three of them, nobody is probably more motivated to make that jump from 39 goals to 50+ goals then they themselves.
+My fourth line of Oscar Osala - Boyd Gordon - Matt Braley is a bit of a stretch but not so much so. I picked Osala because I think coming out of training camp at least one of the Calder Cup winning Hershey Bears will have earned themselves a roster spot up here in DC. I picked Osala because at just 21 years old, 6'4", 217# the strapping Finn pairs up well with the 6'0", 201# 25 year old Gordon and the 6'3" 201# 30 year old Bradley to form a pretty big, solid checking line. Further from what little I saw of Osala during his scant 2 games with the Capitals he is driven and he doesn't seem to shy too far away from a pretty physical, but fast aggressive style of play like Coach Boudreau wants to see. As far as Gordon and Bradley go, especially in light of their 2009 playoff performances, there's no doubt when you show up for a "Hockey War" you want these guys wearing a sweater, on your bench ready to play. Gordon is a responsible guy on both ends of the ice and is a solid special teams guy as a penalty killer. The 30 year old Bradley had a solid 2008-2009 regular season then stepped up his game in the playoff notching 2 goals and 4 assists in 14 games (0.429 points per game). It's easy to see how based on what he did in the playoffs how the 31 year old Bradley, if he had a guy like Osala or Jay Beagle or Alexandre Giroux or Francois Bouchard or Chris Bourque or ... on the other wing, and Gordon has a another good solid season, might be able to notch a 25+ point 10+ goal season this year.
+So that's my logic for my forward line picks.
+Defensive pairings well here again the Caps are looking better then they did at the start of last season, thanks mainly to the return to the line-up of Brian Pothier, as well as the continued development of some of the other guys. My 3 defensive pairings:
+Green - Morrisson,
+Poti - Jurcina,
+Pothier - Erskine,
+Backups: Schultz, Alzner.
+I look for GMGM to deal two of these guys early in the season to make some room for the up & comers, as well as possibly some cap space and get some additional draft picks assuming every stays reasonably health through the first 1/4 of the season. My reasoning for the picks and the placement of the parings is pretty convoluted.
+First why does Alzner start the season in the press box or in Hershey - because he can and they can move him back and forth without putting him through waivers and he hasn't finished maturing his game in Hershey yet. Why does Schultz start the season in the press box - because he'll still be recovering from his off season surgery even though he'll be insisting he's ready to play.
+Now the pairings - to me Mike Green - Shaone Morrisonn works and works well most if not all of the time. This will be the year Mike Green proves last season was no fluke but he'll also be looking to play even better in his own end without sacrificing the offensive in your face dynamic he brings to the game. I also look for Morrisonn to take a few more shots from the point when he gets the chance and expect both his shots on goal and his results in the way of goals and primary assists to go up. Last season's number for Green were =/- +24, 31 goals, 42 assists for 73 points with 243 shots on goal and a 12.8 shooting percentage in just 68 games. I won't hazard a guess on Green's production this season though if I did it would be between 20 and 30 goals with a =/- of +29 or better. Morrisonn's regular season numbers were +/- +4, 3 goals, 10 assists, 50 shots on goal with a 6.0% shooting percentage in 72 games played. I think Morrisonn will better those numbers significantly this season with a +/- of +12 or better, 80+ shots on goal, and a 9.0% or better shooting percentage I can see him producing 7 goals, and 17+ assists. I actually see this pair on the ice with the second and third line as often as they are out there with the first line as well. That's why I see Morrisonn's productivity going up and Green's staying close to last year's awesome season.
+The second pairing of Tom Poti and Milan Jurcina enters this season having played reasonably well together often last seasoin. Further Jurcina's play last season earned him a $1.375M salary this year in arbitration (or perhaps GMGM deserves some credit for that by giving John Erskine a $2.5M, 2 year ($1.25M/year) contract extension in the middle of last season to keep Erskine off the UFA market.) In any case the 32 year old Tom Poti had a +/- +3, 3 goal, 10 assist 59 game injury shortened regular season and then stepped up his game in the playoffs notching a =/- +8, 2 goals and 5 assists in 14 games. "Juice" the 26 year old was second on the team in hits, played
+79 regular season games, was +/- +1 with 3 goals and 11 assists. If the big Czech could improve his shooting percentage/accuracy (he was 3.2% with 95 shots on goal) his offensive production would likely improve linearly without any other aspect of his game suffering because he has a cannon of a slapper. In the playoffs Juice was +6, and had 2 goals with only 10 shots on goal in 14 games. I see this line out there and the 6'4" 233# Jurcina laying solid, legal hits on guys prone to take cheap hits on the first line. I see him able to do that because Poti will be there playing disciplined hockey and covering for Jurcina if he has to get out of position to do that aspect of his role now that the team is without a designated "heavyweight."
+The third pairing I see as Pothier with whoever else is dressed that night assuming he has indeed fully recovered, stays that way and plays as well or better then he did in his 9 regular season and 13 playoff games last year. Ultimately though if things go the way i think they will I see some shuffling on the second and third pairing as GMGM deals two of the 8 defensemen listed here away, sometime between now and the trade deadline.
+Goaltending I see as Theodore and Varlamov - ALL SEASON long. I also see Theo
+having a good year and holding onto number 1 throughout the entire year. I see Varly having the kind of year he needs to have to ensure he comes into camp next season as the number 1 as well. That should mean another 50+ win season for your Washington Capitals.
+So what do you think - am I crazy? I'll ponder the fates of Chris Clark and Michael Nylander with my next post.
+LETS GO CAPS!!!
+candle light meaning in the bible
+Question: "What is the significance of the lampstand in the Bible?" Apply money oil on the candles while doing this to visualize your energy crossing over the candles. ) To set fire to; to cause to burn; to set burning; to ignite; to kindle; as, to light a candle or lamp; to light the gas; -- sometimes with up. Have at least some time in a day to pray around the altar using your rosary. This is also a major use of candles in meditation sessions. One would light a candle to accompany them on journeys through darkness and unknown territory. Specific aromas, often intended to set a particular mood, contain symbolism. Green candles are the ones used to cast out money spells. Light is always something good and positive in Scripture. Candlelight is often thought of as a reminder of God's divine presence, and candles lit during Jewish holidays and on Shabbat serve as reminders that the occasion is holy and distinct from our day-to-day life. Pelaia, Ariela. In Christianity a candle is a symbol that represents the light of God or the light of Christ. When a person lights a lamp, he does not conceal the light but places it … Here are candle, lamp, light and related words in the Bible. Those used to burn with oil and those had a lot of smoke. they should learn to give and feed the word to the world while they decrease. Significance of candles in the bible is that when you use your energy while moving and spreading the word, you decrease just as a candle decreases when it burns. You can also sing hymns, light candles, and have time to read the word of God. However, candles are inanimate objects, with no power, strength, or mystical or supernatural abilities. On Easter, you lit three candles to symbolize the resurrection and victory of the Lord. In the darkness, we are supposed to shine as the chosen ones. Christians are supposed to go and spread the word of God. As a reminder for our candles of advent series, we’ve covered the different candles the church lights weekly, starting with the first week in December, and leading up to the week of Christmas.. In ancient days, people had lamps. You are supposed to meditate and focus on the candlelight flame to illuminate your soul. Learn Religions, Aug. 27, 2020, learnreligions.com/what-do-candles-represent-in-judaism-2076656. At our Easter Vigil, when the deacon or priest enters the darkened church with the single Easter candle, he intones, “Christ, our Light.” To which the congregation replies, “Thanks be to God.” Before electric Christmas tree lights were invented, families would use candles to light up the tree. SABBATH CANDLES are lit by the (eldest) woman of the house no later than 18 minutes before sundown on Friday evening (i.e., before Shabbat begins). The candle stick also for the light, and his furniture, and his lamps, with the oil for the light, Exodus 37:17 | View whole chapter | See verse in context And he made the candle stick of pure gold: of beaten work made he the candle stick; his shaft, and his branch, his bowls, his knops, and his flowers, were of … Roses traditionally stand for love and romance while sweet pea means tenderness. Four candles decorate the outer edges of the wreath, and one white candle sits in the middle. In summary, below are some of the importance of using candles when praying; Praying with candles symbolizes the life of a Christian as an offering. In these contexts the candles could simply be symbols of the brevity of life or pledges of the living to brighten a dark world. The significance of praying with candles in the bible comes as a result of this. Darkness is the opposite of every single one of these […] Those items may include a crucifix, spiritual book, candles, rosaries, holy water, and many others. They are used in conferring all sacraments, benediction, all Holy mass, solemn assembly, public processions, and in burials. Here are candle, light and related words in the Bible. If this is the case ,you are to light another candle of the same type to break thier protection to allow the spell to work correctly. The Definition and Meaning of the Candles as a Catholic Christian Symbol Catholic Christian symbolism in art provides a clear graphic illustration which represents people or items of religious significance. Lighting candles during prayers help in the meditation process and the flame is a reminder that the word of God is light to the world. The Bible entertains no thought that darkness is equal in power to God's light. 3.; or the conscience or understanding. For example; Both must be fresh pieces. The candle also symbolizes consumptive power, elemental magic and transformation. The Bible contains hundreds of references to darkness, referring either to the period of ignorance before the realization of faith (that is, prior to ' seeing the light '), death, or to the Devil (The Prince of Darkness); for example, in Romans 13 : 1. Below are the English definition details. After kindling the candles, she waives her hands over the flames three times (as if welcoming in the Sabbath), and covering her eyes with her hands (so as not to see the candles burning) says: Many creation stories say that God created light before anything else. Pray that the candles will bring prosperity to your life. The contrast of light and darkness is common to all of the words for "light" in both Old and New Testaments (esp. Holy candle prayers are prayers offering in Christian prayers, and it is done by Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and many others. Jesus shows the disciples that He had enlightened them so that others might also see the light and benefit from it. Subconsciously, we all know how we react to different colors. "The Symbolic Meaning of Candles in Judaism." Candles symbolize light. Candles use was seen as a better alternative with a better flame and that is why we use candles in the modern-day prayers. Powered by WordPress. During the baptism, candles are lighted to spiritually symbolize the rebirth of a person. Choose an area that has good lighting, ventilation, and is easily accessible to you and your family members. This is based on the fact that when you light a candle, it lights up a room. לַיְּהוּדִים הָיְתָה אוֹרָה וְשִׂמְחָה וְשָׂשׂן וִיקָר. For example, when we see a rainbow in the sky, we just think of it as Gods phenomena. Light plays a foundational role in creation. Virtual candle - Finally, you can even light a virtual candle online to offer remembrance to a loved one. 2. The light of the world sweeps away the darkness in our world and in our hearts. The second was the actual news of the day, January 1, 2000. A candle loses nothing lighting other candles. There are a variety of colors in between that match to each of the round anniversary years. However, there are some churches that advise people to light candles for the dead, an action usually accompanied by prayers for the dead. ; At the end of Shabbat, a special braided Havdalah candle is lit, in which the candle, or fire, represents the first work of the new week. The connection between the candle's flame and souls derives originally from Mishlei (Proverbs) 20:27: "Man's soul is the Lord's lamp, which searches out all the innermost parts. Darkness, in this case, signifies the sinners around you. It is a symbol of God, His children, truth, faith, righteousness, etc. You as a Christian is supposed to shine among sinners. The lily fragrance can mean rebirth or transformation. After visualizing, fold the paper and put it into the flame. If you’re in a state of financial constraint, consider buying green candles and using them for prayers.).”. However, in reality, it can be a sign from the Angels who want to connect with you to deliver an important message. For example, the Bible famously records in Genesis 1:3 that on the first day of creation: “God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light.” Ever since God made light, energy from light has fueled life on our planet. In times of persecution, distress, and doubt, blessing candles prayer is useful. These are powered by batteries or electricity, and they last much longer than a real candle. Your email address will not be published. It speaks to the eternity of our people, and to the power of Jewish ritual. They are used for passion, vitality, love, sex, and courage. Let us remember our need for a Savior to save us from our sins, and give us peace with God. Yes, that is true, and this is because it’s the best day to pray for prosperity and abundance. We, as humans, are very ignorant. Spiritually, the candle is supposed to illuminate your soul and connect you to the spiritual word in a bright realm. Candles have deep symbolic meaning in Judaism and are used on a wide variety of religious occasions. Accordingly we find it mentioned in a case thoroughly representative of the furnishings of an oriental room of the plainer sort, in the account of "the prophet's chamber" given in 2 Ki 4:10. And there was light.“(Gen 1,3). Prov. One had the news from January 1, 1900. Candle, light, a portable lamp or other illuminator (literally or figuratively) Greek: λύχνος, lychnos (G3088) 14 King James Bible Verses. 1. He said, “'We don’t know what will happen in the year 2100. (2) "Candlestick" stands for what was a common and indispensable article of ancient house furniture, a lamp-stand (menorah). The Symbolic Meaning of Candles in Judaism. Candle, in our sense of the term, was unknown to antiquity. The Jews had light and joy, and gladness and honor (Esther 8:16). And look that thou make them after their pattern, which was shewed thee in the mount. Uses of Candles in Spiritual Energy Attractions, Meaning of Dogs in Dreams [Spiritual Interpretation], The candle reminds us that e are supposed to carry the word of God which is the flame, The candle flame in prayers reminds us of how strong the word of God can brighten our lives. In our candles of advent series, we’ve analyzed the symbolic importance of the five candles present on or inside the advent wreath, often featured in churches on Sunday. But of one thing you can be certain—that in the year 2100 Jewish women will be lighting Shabbat candles.'”. Flameless candle - If you live somewhere that isn’t practical for candles or where fire isn’t allowed, choose a flameless candle. Answer: The first time we see the word lampstand in the Bible is in Exodus 25:31, as God gives detailed instructions about the golden lampstand to be placed in the tabernacle the Israelites were building. Use your prayer altar. The Bible begins with God’s first command, "Let there be light" (Gen 1:3) and ends with God Himself revealed as the Eternal Light of Heaven (Rev 22:5). Bible verses about light In the beginning God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. As Orr noted above (BW book pg 41 ), "the end folds back on the beginning, and, when the whole is finished, we feel that here again, as in the primal creation, God has finished all his works, and behold, they are very good." Lamps and candle sticks are lighted as worthy offerings to God who dwells in the temple where the faithful come to offer prayers of thanksgiving and implore God’s forgiveness for every wrongdoing. (n.) To give light to; to illuminate; to fill with light; to spread over with light; -- often with up. We do have to keep in mind, churches can vary on candle colors, and not everyone chooses to light a white candle for Christ. Celebrants’ burn silver candles for the 25th-year anniversary and gold for the 50th anniversary. Get a piece of cloth, preferably linen, to decorate your prayer table. Flickering lights spiritual meaning is linked to things that happen when a spirit visits you. Also, candles facilitate a more natural spiritual connection to our departed loved ones and Heaven. Like a human soul, flames must breathe, change, grow, strive against the darkness, and, ultimately, fade away. Flame. Lighting candles in a dark room can have a substantial effect, especially on your soul, making you have a new prayer experience. But he snapped the cords as one might break a burned candle wick. The flame in Christianity signifies your soul as being illuminated and shining on the world as Jesus said. It’s interesting to note just how precise God is in explaining how He wanted the lampstand to look. Pelaia, Ariela. 100 Bible Verses about Light. Candlelight definition is - the light of a candle. What Is Hanukkah? Still, it symbolizes eternal life and salvation brought by Jesus Christ and that the dead will still shine among us with their good memories. The Definition and Meaning of the Candles as a Catholic Christian Symbol Catholic Christian symbolism in art provides a clear graphic illustration which represents people or items of religious significance. The nature of the symbol. If you are uncertain about candle colors and their meanings, this guide will help you figure out the various meanings and which candles are the right color for your spell. Spiritually, candles are a symbol of the word of God which is the light of a Christian’s soul. “And God said: Fiat lux!, Let there be light. Various Bible verses speak about candles. Candles are also equated with joy in Judaism, drawing upon a passage in the biblical book of Esther, which finds its way into the weekly Havdalah ceremony. (n.) That agent, force, or action in nature by the operation of which upon the organs of sight, objects are rendered visible or luminous. Did you know that most of the money spells are done on Thursdays? Accordingly we find it mentioned in a case thoroughly representative of the furnishings of an oriental room of the plainer sort, in the account of "the prophet's chamber" given in 2 Ki 4:10. (n.) That which furnishes, or is a source of, light, as the sun, a star, a candle, a lighthouse, etc. The prayer to the sacred heart outlines the long-suffering, love, and compassion of Christ for humanity. Darkness has long been a metaphor for ignorance or evil. From the many examples above, candles represent a variety of meanings within Judaism. Still, when seeking God’s protection over your family, use blessing candles. As such light became a befitting symbol for God, the ‘Blessed Savior’, as referred to in the bible as “the light of the world” [John 8:12]. Pelaia, Ariela. What is The Sacred Heart of Jesus Candle Used For? Jesus shows the disciples that He had enlightened them so that others might also see the light and benefit from it. In past weeks, we’ve covered the history of the candles and wreath as well as the candle of peace and the candle of hope.. For this week, we’ll cover the third candle known as the candle of joy. This is the type that Christians use for prayers and the catholic church also prefers those. Pick the paper and write your needs for money. Because of this symbolism, Jews light memorial candles on certain holidays and their loved ones' yahrzeits (death anniversary). He saw that the light was good. It let burn entirely, and the candles make to burn till it goes off. WORDS OF GOD IN RED. If your home altar is not yet blessed, have your priest come to your home and bless it. His answer was right on the mark. And then they had a third front page—projecting envisioned future events of January 1, 2100. 2. Exodus 25:31ff The symbolic meaning of the Number Seven reaches its apex in the Menorah, the seven-branched candlestick designed by God Himself to be a perpetual light in His Tabernacle. A Christian is a candle while the flame is the word of God. In Christianity a candle is a symbol that represents the light of God or the light of Christ. Many candle magick spells also require specific colors of candles to work. Candle lights are also used during funerals as a reminder of the baptismal vows the departed soul vowed. 20:27. We tend to ignore many important things that happen in our surroundings and environment every day. Candle, in our sense of the term, was unknown to antiquity. Candle does not burn ... because the Bible says that they'd burn candles upon candlesticks. Flickering Lights Meaning. It is a small candle, white or yellow. Below are a few steps that you may want to use when thinking of getting prayer candles at home. Sometimes there was one candle per day and in some cases the candles were placed on a wreath. As a Christian, it is important to learn to meditate before the Lord. (2) "Candlestick" stands for what was a common and indispensable article of ancient house furniture, a lamp-stand (menorah). Holy candles are also called prayer candles. Judges 16:9 - Meanwhile, some kidnappers were hiding inside an inner room, waiting for her signal. KJV Dictionary Definition: candle candle. Matthew 5:15 "Lamp" (NKJ) or "candle" (KJV) means any portable light, as a lamp, candle, or lantern. Then say words of prosperity on the candles and imagine yourself in wealth. Candlelight is often thought of as a reminder of God's divine presence, and candles lit during Jewish holidays and on Shabbat serve as reminders that the occasion is holy and distinct from our day-to-day life. Typically, you should light candles in the order of faith, hope, love, and end with peace; however, if you’re using a fifth candle, you’ll end with the candle representing Christ. 1. A long, but small cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on a wick composed of linen or cotton threads, twisted loosely; used for a portable light of domestic use. In countless religious rites candles retain their phallic symbolism - the reverse … Heb. Candles can remind us to put our “trust in the Light so that [we] may become sons of Light” (John 12:36). Revelation 8:1-13 ESV / 40 helpful votes Helpful Not Helpful. In scripture, the candle of the Lord is the divine favor and blessing, Job 14. But this is optional, it all depends on you. Reportedly, the production manager of the New York Times—an Irish Catholic — was asked about it. A Symbol of Life and Love . A Symbol of Life and Love . Have a priest to pray for your home altar. Spiritual Significance of Candles in Christianity. “You shall make a lamp stand of pure beaten gold, its shaft and branches, with its cups and knobs and petals springing directly from it. (n.) To attend or conduct with a light; to … We can also look at the book of Luke 11:36, Exodus 30:7-8, and Mark 4:21. Light is always something good and positive in Scripture. ", נֵר יְהוָה נִשְׁמַת אָדָם חֹפֵשׂ כָּל חַדְרֵי בָטֶן. Matthew 5:15 "Lamp" (NKJ) or "candle" (KJV) means any portable light, as a lamp, candle, or lantern. Identify a place in your house for the prayer altar. This is just to give you an idea of what people use those candles for.). UNDERSTANDING WHY WE LIGHT A CANDLE IN CHURCH. Some of the verses include Luke 15:8, where the bible speaks about the parable of the lost coin. It is the ideal tool to have for conducting spells and practicing magic, positive or negative. The taper candles are lit by representatives of the couples families and then the couple uses those tapers to light the center pillar candle together. Lastly, put off the candles. For example, the Bible famously records in Genesis 1:3 that on the first day of creation: “God said, ‘Let there be light,’ and there was light.” Ever since God made light, energy from light has fueled life on our planet. Blessing candles are sacramental. Many creation stories say that God created light before anything else. They are used mostly by people who are specialized in casting out bad omen and dealing with negative spirits in the spiritual realm. The Meaning of Candles in Judaism From the many examples above, candles represent a variety of meanings within Judaism. Lit the room, Jews light memorial candles on certain holidays and their loved ones' (. Chosen ones steps that you may want to connect with you to deliver an important message spells done. 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+Commendations Corner - May-July 2018
+Arrow Road: Abner Agarwarkar, Olumide Ayodele, Nikolai Bissessar, Michael Brancatella, Agata Chelminska, James Brandenburg, Gaetano Buda, Audrel Clarke, Jason Cush, Eon Do, Chris England, Terrance Fillion Robinet, Rachel Fisher, Shaun Francis, Christian Gendron, Kevin Higgins, David Hoy, Nick Karpouzis, Markus Keskinen, Richard Lee, Dexter Luces, Keith Marshall, Jorge Mendes, Mellissa Morgan, Khushmeet Nayyar: “Amazing driver! He picked me up a little before my stop so I didn’t have to walk. As a disabled person it’s little things like this that make my life brighter and easier. Please tell him thank you.” … Anujkumar Patel, Hemant Prasad, Azam Qureshi, Frank Ragone, Jerome Roberts, Marcello Rossi, Mary Touma, Solomon Shiferaw, Nunzio Signore, George Turczyn, Paul Vavaroutsos, Alamo Wocker, Omar Warsame, Ruijun Yuan
+Birchmount: Vannesa Adona, Imtiaz Ahmad, Faizan Ali, Peter Anagnostaras, Mike Annicchiarico, Jessica Azevedo, Calen Baldey, Norwin Barrett, Jean Paul Beltran, Henrick Blaauw-Hernandez, Ryan Bodmore, Ken Boodram, Mark Brumble, Troy Buchanan, Gordon Cai: “I am a teacher on a field trip and one of my students went ahead and caught a bus on his own. Our driver called ahead to see if he was in the other bus and they held the bus for us until we caught up. Both myself and the student were extremely grateful to have him with us safely.” … Jonathan Carvalho, Mithilan Chandrasegaram, Clinton David, Maninder Dhaliwal, Peter Diagoupis, Samantha Druce, Lee Esmonde, Marcus Fernandes, Ahmed Fayed, Victoria Fletcher, John Foster, O’Neil Gabbidon, Brandon Golding, Jennifer Graham, Alexander Grecu, Mary Haggart, Dale Hawtin, Devon Henry, Neil Hermes, John Humphries, Dale Jackson, David Jardine, Sherman Pereira, Lionell Lim, Justin McAdam, Valerie McKenzie Davis, Nicole McLeish, Filip Milosevic, Charles Morrow, Christos Nikoletopoulos, Donald Oake, Abimbola Olaniyan, Susan Paul, Tina Pilgrim, Milad Pourkarim, Daniel Ragan, Viren Raturi, Steve Reynolds, Dave Richard, Adam Ruddell, Sugunthan Shanmugathasan, Cameron Shepherd, Gregory Taggart, Ripu Thakur, Keino Thomas, Michael Triggs, Michael Voycey, Kimberly Walcott, Stephen Welch
+Customer Communications: Zee Zaid
+Customer Service Centre: Sylvana Caballero, Vijanti Damji, Matthew Di Taranto, Barbara Gallegos, Robin Houthuys, Ronald Sly, Samatha Tisi
+Danforth: Michael McDonald
+Duncan Shop: Frank Cosentino
+Eglinton: Tanvir Ahmed, Samantha Ariss, Christina Atkinson, Chris Baker, Andrew Balgobin, Armando Barjamaj, Michael Bellomo, Adrian Benjamin, Nelson Carl, Irfa David, Mike Easthope, Laslo Eter, Rosario Figliano: “Best driver in the fleet! Always nice and helpful. Quick and smooth rides while still picking up everyone so they don’t have to try and beat a light to catch the bus. Knows his route like the back of his hand. All round great driver.” ... Chuck Garcia, Sara Grundie, Jimmy Hakim, Leda Halle, Marlon Levy, Matthew Lewis, Jordi McLauchlin, Chris Misketis, Adebayo Olaniyan, Suhel Patel, David Schram, Michael Scott, Ira Smith, Michelle Stephenson, Jeffery Toulouse, Khanthai Tran, Curate Williams, Norman Wilson, Steven Wrigley
+Leslie: Wayne Campbell, Natasha Le Cointe, Sheldon Morant
+Malvern: Ronald Anderson, Lucia Anton Tucci, Denroy Azevedo, Bernard Balian, Geoffrey Ben, Sushil Bhardwaj, Mark Blencowe, Jainarine Besai, Jonathan Boysen, Michelle Burke, Gregory Camacho, Michelle Bujdos, Tom Chong, John Colangelo, Derek Collins, Eric Cook, James Cook, Joseph Duke, Paul D’Andrade, Drew Erickson Pratt, Paul Fryer, Shogher Garabedian, Charmaine Garel, Kevin Germaine, Roger Gray, Sandy Guido, Zouhair Henainou, Kimberley Higgins, Prakash Hirjee, Tammy Howard, Gregory Hui, Jack Huntington, Chad Hutchings, Jenard Igwe, Catalin Iordan: “The Operator was greeting each passenger with a smile as they entered into the bus. It’s really a happy moment to see a smiley person start your day.” … James Johnston, Christopher Jones, David Judson, Robert Kenny, Franco Lacuata, Hing Lee, Philip Leung, Allan Lewis, Shengkang Liao, Jeff Long, Sugrim Madramottoo, Fathiabdo Mahmmed, Amit Maste, William McGaughey, Daniel McGrath, Ellington McLeggon, Filip Milosevic, Arturo Miranda, Allan Murray, Lana Neil, Shane O’Neill Hibbert, John Oostdyk, Brian Patterson, Timothy Pettitt, Lucya Pirapakaran, Tamim Qayoumi, Denis Rajroop, Jennifer Reardon, Kema Roberts, Agata Sieron, David So, Corinna Senis, Josephine Slark, Kanagarajah Thiagarajan, Linda Steele, Alex Thomas, Jolette Thomas, Linda Thompson, Muhammad Usman, Pandurankan Visuvanathan, Rocco Vivona, Stephen Walker, Sean Weathers, Giselle Whalley, Andrew Wong, Matthew Wong
+Mount Dennis: Jeffrey Almedia, William Appolloni, Eric Aranilla, Oscar Arriaza, Basil Ashman, Jay Baihal, Ashkan Babak, Steve Barker, Boss Bendle, Jaskaran Braich, Bruno Bertucci, Ches Bilka, Shirley Bishop, David Boodram, Kevin Borges, Branko Bozin, Colin Campbell, Lloyd Charlton, Daniel Cho, Lisa Correira, Kevin Cosgrove, Robert Culling, Joao Da Costa, Mark Dougan, George Doukas, Lyndon D’Silva, David Elrick, Jeremy Eldridge, Brian Fell, Damian Fernandes, Alessandro Florindi, Kenroy Ford, Randy Gajadhar, Matthew George, Tony Gennuso, Liliana Ghassemi, Brian Griffith, Bryan Halladay, Terrence Henry, Errol Hoilett, Ira Irving, Jasmine Kakuk, Mandeep Kang, Ricardo Maldonado, Ronel Marshall, James McKinnon, Jonathan Mott: “The guy was still being loud and the bus driver called him to the front of the bus and asked what was going on, listened to the guy give his side and in a matter-of-fact way told him he couldn’t yell on the bus like that and to please sit down quietly so we could continue on. He did a really good job of confronting the situation without assuming who was right or wrong.” … Michel Nunes, David Orellana, Jeff Pinchuk, Ryan Rajmoolie, Stephanie Ramos, Tetyana Ratushnyy, Shawn Riviere, Nelson Rodrigues, Danny Rosa, Nadia Roubos, Joravar Sandhar, Sandeep Sandhu, Ameet Seeraj, Todd Skinner, Denroy Stewart, Hanefia Tanim, Daniel Teal, Christopher Thompson, Alexandre Vasconcelos, Dana Wing
+Plant Maintenance: Marichelle Castaneda, Marnelli Daquigan, Robert Gauthier, Vilma Macusi-Ulit, Sonia Pascua, Peter Peng, Fatima Pires
+Queensway: Angelo Ascenzi, Vida Baska, Kathleen Bannerman, Tony Chan, Daniel Clancy, Maninder Deol, David Foster, Patricia Gale, John Gill, Roberto Giraldi, Tomo Grce, Gurmeet Grewal, Ayanna Hazle, Kysha James, Marlon James, John Jones, Asifhusain Kazi, John Kressner, Steven Lachapelle, Angela La Penna, Dave Lema, Paul Linton, Basem Majid, George Manakis, Rodrigo Maure, Michael McDermott, Carlo Naccarato, Richard Osinski, Zoran Ovuka, Henrique Pacheco, James Paiva, Giuseppe Pittarelli, Isidoro Pizzo, Randy Ramsukh, Matthew Reid, Tara Reid, Michael Ricchio, Richard Roglic, Mark Rozynski, Peter Silva, Baljit Singh, Jennifer Singh, Ken Tang, Jay Thornberry, Robert Tippett, Kimberley Thompson, Naoum Tsolakis: “My son regained possession of his clarinet. Many thanks to the bus driver of bus 8430! Please say thank you.”… Henry Zwolinski
+Roncesvalles: David Freitas
+Russell: Younane Abdulbaki, Malik Ataul, Michael Bajolek: “The machine on the front car ate my token and I just wanted to thank the driver for taking the time to help me out. He was very kind and courteous. Great customer experience!”… Christopher Bourgeau, Brandon Brouillard, Crystal Carter, David Charles, Garfield Connell, Blaine Davey, Ismail Daya, Anthony Fongaro, Trevor Glassco, Christopher Glenny, Carlo Iannantuono, Chris Lewis, Jonathan Lewis, Terry Mannella, Sajid Maqbool, Geoffrey McCaul, Matthew Mcleod, Len McMurray, Shane Moore, Lenroy Munro, Kimberly Poynter, Peter Reinhardt, Curt Richards, Kerian Ross Martino, Mitchell Soares, Amit Soogrim, Stanley Windsor
+Stations: James Brohm, Paul Dunston, Amber Winn: “I had extreme vertigo and had to lie on the floor at Dundas Station while waiting for an ambulance. Amber was considerate and helpful and took off her TTC vest to put it under my elbow, which was hurting from the hard ground.”
+Strategy/Service Planning: Kimberley Reynolds
+Transit Enforcement: Arbydas Blauzdziunas, Angelo Corvese, Joe Costa, Angela Johnston, Gagandeep Liddar, Tyler Murphy, Bill Perivolaris, Eric Smith
+Wheel-Trans: Chris Angelidis, Karima Bel Marrakchi, Loucas Coemtzis, Nickesha Clarke, Kayla Downey, Cristina Fornasier, Justin Gagne, Andrea Giustini, George Heropoulos, Kali Johnson, John Lombardi, Diana Mendonca: “Diana was immensely helpful in making sure the ride scheduled would work for the customer. She is caring, showed kindness and went above the call of duty to book the perfect ride.” … Jessica Pack, Matt Ruscica, Chris Scott, Nigel Skerritt, Abraham Stepanian
+Wilson-Bus: Janice Bushay, Giselle Carasco, Nigel Clarke, Giuseppe Cristiani, Attila Fodor, David Gellatly, Jason Gibbens, Domenic Gouveia, Peter Gullo, Chloe Henderson, Fedele Isabella, Delores James: “Great driver and super friendly! A ray of sunshine!” … Janelle Jones, Sharanjit Kumar, Donovan Letts, Colin Montaque, Ron McFadden, Dragos Mihailescu, Vince Modica, Harmandeep Muker, Kalaiganan Muthulingam, Katelyn Neville, Shawn O’Neill, Joe Parente, Anil Prasad, Mark Ramsay, Mohammad Saad, Muhammad Saleem, Jessica Stewart, Joseph Sandham, Negede Tessema, David Walterhouse, Kerry Willis, Claudius Wright
+Wilson-Subway: Joe Maiato, Crystal Robbescheuten, Cornelius Trotman, Rowan Wedderburn
+Special Constables Bill Perivolaris and Angela Johnston were thanked by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for their actions and bravery during the Yonge Street van attack last April. The pair was among the many first responders on scene near North York Centre who assisted paramedics and police, and provided first aid to the injured.
+Mount Dennis Operator Askham Babak was recently seen administering first aid to a rider who had fallen and injured his knee. The customer was somewhat disoriented so Babak called Transit Control and stayed with the gentleman at High Park Station until a Supervisor arrived on the scene..
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+Buchanan talked with Beliefnet's religion producer, Deborah Caldwell, about his controversial new book "The Death of the West."
+Why do you assert in your book that America is being de-Christianized?
+Certainly the Supreme Court has thoroughly de-Christianized the public square and the public schools. It's undeniable. You can't put up a nativity scene in a public park without the ACLU having it torn down. Crosses that commemorate war veterans who have been killed have been taken down. I think there's been a thoroughgoing de-Christianization of public institutions, the public square and the public schools. There are no longer Christmas carols, Christmas plays and Christmas celebrations in the public schools. Easter was removed a long time ago. That's the public realm.
+In the private realm, I think America is really almost a post-Christian nation. Sure, there are tremendous numbers of devout Christians-evangelicals, fundamentalists, and traditional Catholics--but at the same time, I think a huge slice of America is only nominally Christian..In people's hearts and minds and souls, I think, the traditional moral code no longer is as binding on as many people as it was in the 1950s and early 1960s.
+But was America ever really all that Christian anyway?
+There's no doubt that in the post-war era, all the Catholic seminaries were filled up. All the Catholic schools were taught by nuns. I didn't have a lay teacher in a single class in my grammar school, and every homeroom teacher I had in high school and college was a Jesuit. The nuns have now almost vanished and I think the median age of Catholic priests is now 65. And it's undeniable that in terms of church attendance, in terms of vocations, the Catholic Church in America is in a very deep crisis--and it's in a deep crisis in Europe. And the strength of the converts is in the Third World.
+Yes, Christians talk a lot lately about the idea of Christianity strengthening in the developing world. And these new Christians are now becoming missionaries to secularized Americans and Europeans.
+I think the West is increasingly becoming mission territory. Speaking as a Catholic, I find that a good thing. That's what the West needs, or it's not going to survive.
+And I do think this: what I have found is that wherever faith dies, the culture dies, and the country and civilization begin to die. For example, people say it's affluence causing the depopulation of the West. But the point is, Russia is a poor country and it is dying and Utah is a very wealthy state and it is booming because of the very strong, healthy faith-the Mormon faith-of the folks in Utah. And white folks in Texas have a higher birth rate than the white folks in California, and it's because Texas is part of the Bible Belt. If you take Asia-the Philippines, which is Catholic, has a rising birthrate, but the Japanese birthrate is declining and their faith is dying. And there's not a single Islamic country I could find whose population is not growing or exploding. So I think the correlation between faith and rising populations is absolute.
+First, the folks who come here--the longer they stay here, the more they succumb to the popular culture, the dominant culture, the MTV culture. Secondly, the folks from Asia and from the Middle East are predominantly non-Christian. Third, those coming from Mexico--the problem is not the religion, the problem is they're not being assimilated into an English-speaking country and to our culture. They're retaining their language, they're retaining their culture, their civilization, their TV, their radio--and their loyalty--to a foreign government. This is the problem of the immigration coming from the south. It's not the religion--it's the failure to assimilate.
+But if they're Christian, they're starting Korean Presbyterian churches, for instance...
+Some of them are starting churches, but the problem here is in language and assimilation into an English-speaking nation and American culture. What you're liable to end up with is Balkanization. The Serbs, for example are devoutly Orthodox, and the Croats are devoutly Catholic, but no assimilation has taken place between them. And so what I'm saying is that religion alone is not enough. Religion is one component of a nation, usually. But it's not enough. Language is almost more important.
+But if people are then learning English and remaining devoutly Christian...
+But they're not remaining Christian. Many of them are caught up in the popular culture. If you take a look at the Hispanic folks, in terms of the social decomposition of the family, the Hispanic situation is far worse than the native-born American white folks. It's not as bad as African-Americans, but these families are decomposing very rapidly. They have twice the crime rate, twice the welfare rate, and there are huge sections of America where the English language is not even spoken. What we need is a time-out on immigration. Look, the melting pot can work, but it is cracked and broken and it takes time to work.
+Of course, if we have a time-out on immigration, all those potential missionaries wouldn't be allowed to come here.
+Well, we'll get those folks a green card.
+President Bush, as you know, has talked a lot about Islam since Sept. 11 and has made a point of describing it as a religion of peace. What do you think of that?
+Islam historically has been a fighting faith. Islam is a religion that inspired one of the greatest civilizations in the history of man and from around 600 A.D. to around 1700 it was a superior civilization to what the West had produced in some ways. But something happened to Islam back there, and the civilization almost seemed to have fallen backwards. But what has happened is there's a tremendous rebirth of energy and fire in the Islamic world that is directly related to their faith, and their populations are exploding and that is a manifestation of health, on one side.
+On the other side, there's not a single country that has embraced Islamism as a ruling philosophy and has succeeded. Only three have tried: Sudan, Iran and Afghanistan and all have failed. So I think the great struggle in the Islamic world is how they reconcile this burgeoning faith with the requirements of modernity, that if you want to be a great power on the order of the great nations of Europe, the United States and Japan, you have to marry the two. And they haven't done it yet, and they're going through a tremendous turmoil over this issue. You see it clearest in Iran, where the mullahs have been rejected by the young who seem to be very sympathetic to the United States, even though we've been estranged from that country. But there's no question that in the area of who is dying and who is living and expanding, Western man is dying all over the world. And every Islamic country's population is growing. So I think the poor folks of the Third World are going to inherit the earth.
+No, I think the President was reacting to the mistreatment, the alleged mistreatment, of Japanese Americans during World War II and to the historical incidents where individuals who represented a particular ethnic group or faith might have been persecuted in times of conflict. He wanted to rush to prevent that from happening to Islamic Americans for a couple reasons. One, because it would be wrong to have these folks harassed or singled out or persecuted, who had nothing at all to do with Sept. 11; and secondly, as a strategic interest he wanted to convey to the Islamic world that we do not want this clash of civilizations that Professor Samuel Huntington talks about. We are not at war with Islam--we're at war with the terrorists who performed these acts on Sept. 11. Now, you might say the President went overboard in this regard, but I think his motives were sound.
+Some conservative Christians say he has gone overboard, by hosting an iftar dinner at the White House, therefore sanctioning Islam at the highest levels of the government.
+I don't fault the President on this. The truth is, these folks are here in this country now, and they're American citizens, by and large. And under the First Amendment they've got a right to preach and practice their faith. But you raise an interesting question: Is it as easy to assimilate in a Western society rooted in Christianity true believers from the Islamic world, as it is to fully integrate folks from other Christian countries? And I would concede you have a point. It's much more difficult. Because there are a number of things that make a country, and certainly, usually, a common religion is one of them.
+And really, if Muslims have not surpassed Jews in number in this country, they are very close. They have surpassed them in Europe. Islam is the number two religion in Europe. There is no doubt Islam is a large, vibrant and growing faith, and it is making converts and will one day clearly outnumber Judaism and probably already outnumbers Episcopalians. That's another sign of the de-Christianization. The mainstream churches are disintegrating and have been since the 1950s.
+It depends on your point of view, but that doesn't necessarily mean Christianity is dying out.
+Well, it does to me. They've so compromised themselves by their desire to be trendy and relevant that they've made themselves irrelevant.
+But evangelical churches and Catholic churches are certainly vibrant.
+Well, they are, but the mainstream churches are not vibrant.
+Getting back to Islam: Given that Islam is an Abrahamic faith, wouldn't it be better to say, Let's enlarge the tent and recognize equally the three monotheistic faiths?
+You're talking about what America is obviously going to have. But the question is, how well will everyone get along in America? Is the melting pot working that makes us all part of the same single American culture? If you have a new militant faith, Islam, which has previously not been in this country in significant numbers, is it easy to assimilate that faith? These are questions that Americans better sit down and consider...You've got a tremendous amount of turmoil in Europe, which has no history of immigration, and there is no way Europe can keep them out.
+In terms of governments and economics and industry and technology, they have fallen far, far behind where they were in 1700, and I concede that. On the other hand, there is clearly a vibrancy to the faith, when their families are growing and more and more are very devout in their faith. And on the far extreme, many manifest a desire to die for their beliefs. These are markers of a rising faith. Some of this may not be attractive to folks who feel threatened by it, but if you look at that world.there's something going on there.
+I mean, what must the Christians have looked like to the Romans. They were probably talking like me. (Laughs) They were saying, Look, those guys can't park a bicycle straight, but there's a lot of them and they're growing in number and they're all down in the catacombs and they're baptizing all these kids and they're going to overwhelm us. There's something alive there.
+Let's say we step back from the question of who is winning and ask-so what? So what if other groups and faiths are rising?
+That's why I think the West is dying, because so many Americans are saying so what. If you told the Japanese they would be a minority in their home island by 2050, they would be shocked, stunned, awed, silenced. But President Clinton tells a number of Americans that they're going to be a minority in their own country--the country that their fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers built--and they applaud him. Look, if the species doesn't want to preserve itself it will pass out of existence.
+But what if the Islamic world gets democracy, gets freedom?
+Where do all these things come from? The Judeo-Christian tradition and the flowering of Christianity spoke of the dignity of man as a child of God, that we have God-given rights and therefore it follows that the state must necessarily be limited in its power and what it can do. It cannot interfere with our right to practice our faith, it cannot interfere with our right to speak. Many of these things are flowerings of Christian culture and civilization, and the government is an expression of these deep beliefs. Now, if you cut all the roots that created these institutions and you put something else there, why will the institutions themselves not die?
+In the Islamic countries, there is no equality of religion. There is no right to go in and proselytize for the Mormon faith or the Catholic faith or the Jewish faith, and what is to lead one to believe that folks who come in from a different culture and a different faith and a different civilization, who accept what we impose because we're the majority, what leads us to believe that if they're the majority they'll follow what we follow? That's the point. They talk about all religions being equal. They don't believe that for a second.
+Christians don't believe that either, do they?
+Well, we believe we've got a superior system. We don't say it because we're intimidated. We're supposed to say all cultures are equal, all civilizations are equal-but nobody believes that. We think ours is superior. I think it is, too. But I also think the people who carry it in their hearts and minds and souls and have been acculturated and assimilated in it, if we die out, will it be preserved? I don't think so. And I want to know why we're taking that risk.
+We have this wonderful complex society that's been built up organically over time. We're overwhelming it with folks who are not from Europe. Now they're coming from continents and cultures and civilizations that have never in great numbers been assimilated. I think we can do it, but the numbers are huge and the challenge is so much greater, and the country they're coming to no longer believes that some groups even should assimilate. Keep your language, keep your culture, ask for racial entitlements, ask for ethnic entitlements and preferences. If we all become minorities, we're going to be like Yugoslavia, instead of a country.
+One of the things I find interesting about your book coming out now is that people say Sept. 11 has made a difference in Americans' sense of the need for unity.
+Everybody teaches diversity, but what we found on 9/11 was that our unity is our strength. We all came together, no matter who we are. You see those ads they're running. "I am an American." They've all got different faces but they're all saying, "I am an American." None of them are hyphenating it. I think that is healthy. Second, there is an awakening that we're in the real world and it's a dangerous world and there are people out there who hate us and some of them have gotten inside the gates. And third, the unity and resolve that you have, as in World War II, is that these people did a wicked thing to us, and we have to punish them and that means the real use of American power. So there't believe the same way anymore. We don't believe in the same ideas of right and wrong, and morally speaking, we live on a different continent.
+But the election was in essence a tie. And the guy who represents the people who go to church won, so you could argue that--at most--these two clashing worldviews are equal.
+But take the example of the 1972 election between Richard Nixon, who represented tradition, and the candidate of acid, abortion and amnesty-Senator McGovern. We beat him in 49 states to one. And we would have beaten him even more if it hadn't been for Watergate. Because on issues of morality and patriotism at that time, the Democratic Party was seen as the party of Woodstock Nation, and Nixon was seen as the party of traditionalism. But now it's 50-50 with maybe even a tilt to Clinton-Gore-ism. And the Republican Party is raising the white flag on issues of morality and life. I have a friend who calls President Bush a Log Cabin President [a reference to the group representing gay and lesbian Republicans]. I mean, clearly he isn't as hard-line on these issues as previous Republican candidates or platforms. Mr. Bush would call himself on social and moral issues a moderate.
+So if America is de-Christianizing, is the problem immigration or secularization?
+There are two forces. In the public realm, a minority captured the Supreme Court and thoroughly de-Christianized our public institutions. In the private realm, the lure and appeal of individualism, hedonism, consumerism, and secularism in the culture has captured an enormous number of Americans. For example, a pro-life Republican could not win California today, I don't think, even though Ronald Reagan carried it four times and he had a pro-life position identical to mine. And Roe v. Wade has been the law for 29 years, and among the younger generation, my view is a clear minority now. And on gay rights, it's clear that the country has moved socially to accept gay marriages as equal to traditional marriages. That wouldn't have existed in the 1950s or even the 1960s.
+The de-Christianization of America is different from mass immigration. They're coming into a country whose institutions no longer enforce a certain morality. They're coming into a country, half of which is deeply secularized and says keep your language and your separate institutions and your ethnic entitlements. And the other half is deeply traditional. It's not just that they're coming into a country that's bifurcated. They're bringing beliefs and ideas and languages in such enormous numbers that that alone would make it far more difficult to assimilate.
+So it all argues, for heavens sake, for a timeout. Maybe I'm wrong, but if I'm right we're risking the country.
+A Table of Comparisons
+by Lawrence Martin, MD
+"uses three factors to achieve synchronization between
+pressure support and the patient's breathing.
+1. The patient's own recent average respiratory rate, including the ratio of
+inspiration to expiration and the length of any expiratory pause.
+2. The instantaneous direction, magnitude, and rate of change of the patient's airflow,
+which are measured at a series of set points during each breath.
+3. A backup respiratory rate of 15 breaths per minute."
+In other words, the algorithm is proprietary and unique to ResMed.
+To highlight this point, below is a quote about the ResMed algorithm from
+Brown LK.
+Whither adaptive servo-ventilation? Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
+2010;16:527-29:
+"The [ResMed] VPAP Adapt SV relies on a complicated estimate of
+recent average ventilation using mask pressure and total airflow to obtain target
+minute ventilation and determines respiratory phase using an estimate of
+intantateous respiratory airflow (and may also utilize 'fuzzy' catergories of resipratory phase).
+Furthermore, a host of internal constants and parameters govern the microprocessor's
+decisions with respect to pressure changes and cycling times,
+none of which are user-adjustable or explicitly stated."
+If these graphs make the Respironics algorithm seem simpler than the ResMed model,
+Dr. Brown assures us it is not (Brown LK.
+Whither adaptive servo-ventilation? Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
+2010;16:527-29). He writes: "...this device's algorithm employs an even geater number of
+internal parameters [than ResMed's machine] that are not explicitly disclosed and not adjustable.
+...The [Respironics] Advanced model adds automatic titration of expiratory positive
+airway pressure to the generator's capabilities, utilizing an algorithm
+borrowed from their auto-CPAP machines."
+Below is example of ASV delivered from ResMed's ASV machine. The figure
+is from a
+ResMed brochure, which explains the graph as
+follows: "As breathing resumes and total ventilation exceeds the target,
+- pressure support is rapidly reduced back towards the minimum 3 cm H2O, and
+- this reduces the likelihood of over-ventilation and hypocapnia, which can lead to vocal
+cord closure and further apneas."
+space to return to table.
+In this figure the top graph is pressure and bottom is flow. Note that EPAP -- end-expiratory
+pressure -- is set at 5 cm H2O. The IPAP -- inspiratory positive airway pressure -- is variable.
+Initially it is 3 cm H2O, or 'pressure support 3', sometimes labeled PS 3. When central apnea
+ensues the machine senses less air flow and ratchets up the IPAP, eventually reaching the
+pre-set limit of 15 cm H2O. The prescription for this patient would read: "IPAP 5, PS 3-10."
+Below is portion of a polysomnogram showing treatment of Cheyne-Stokes breathing
+with ASV. Figure is from:
+Banno K, Okamura K, Kryger MH: Adaptive Servo-Ventilation
+in patients with idiopathic Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
+J Clinical Sleep Medicine 2006; Vol 2, pages 181-186.
+space to return to table.
+Respironics currently has two machines: AutoSV and Advanced AutoSV.
+With regular AutoSV the EPAP is fixed and the IPAP varies.
+With Advanced AutoSV both EPAP and IPAP can vary. Below is the pressure
+curve from Repironics regular AutoSV machine, taken from a
+Respironics bronchure.
+space to return to table.
+1) Central sleep apnea can basically be divided into Cheyne-Stokes (C-S) and non-Cheyne Stokes
+breathing. C-S breathing pattern - waxing and waning respirations punctuated by periods
+of no respiratory effort and no air flow - is usually seen in patients with congestive heart failure
+or cerebrovascular disease.
+Non C-S central sleep apnea does not show the waxing and waning respirations, just abrupt
+cessation of all respiratory effort and air flow -
+is seen in patients taking chronic opiates, in patients with no obvious cause, and
+as the manifestation of Complex Sleep Apnea.
+2) Complex Sleep Apnea is diagnosed when a patient with
+obstructive sleep apnea is treated with CPAP or BiPAP, and the treatment
+itself elicits central apneas.
+See comment under ResMed
+There is no clear standard about when to start ASV on patients who manifest CompSA.
+Over the next decade more articles appeared showing that ResMed's ASV
+could treat not only Cheyne-Stokes respiration, but a syndrome that wasn't even
+recognized in 2001: Complex Sleep Apnea, which is the intrusion of central sleep apneas
+when some patients are treated for OSA with CPAP or BiPAP. For later reviews and studies
+with ResMed's ASV device, see:
+Allam JS, et al.
+Efficacy of servoventilation in treatment of complex and
+central sleep apnea syndromes. Chest 2007 Dec;132:1839-46.
+Banno K, Okamura K, Kryger MH: Adaptive Servo-Ventilation
+in patients with idiopathic Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
+J Clinical Sleep Medicine 2006; Vol 2, pages 181-186.
+Morgenthaler TI, et. al.
+Adaptive Servoventilation Versus Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Central,
+Mixed, and Complex Sleep Apnea Syndromes. SLEEP, Vol. 30, No. 4, pages 468-475,
+2007.
+Beneficial effects of adaptive
+servo ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure. Circ J Jul 29, 2010.
+Artz M, et al. Effects of dynamic bilevel
+positive airway pressure support on central sleep apnea in men with heart failure.
+Chest 2008 July;134:61-6.
+Randerath WJ, et al. Adaptive servo-ventilation in patients with coexisting sleep apnoea/
+hypopnoea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Sleep Med 2008 Dec;9:823-30
+Eckert DJ, at al. Central sleep apnea: pathophysiology and treatment.
+Chest. 2007;131:595-607
+Gay PC.
+Complex sleep apnea: it really is a disease. J Clin Sleep Medicine 2008 Oct 15;4:403-05..
+Regular AutoSV
+For the regular AutoSv you can use the same prescription example as listed under ResMed.
+A detailed approach to prescribing is provided in the
+Respironics pdf file.
+Below is the Respironics auto SV machine.
+Prescribing AutoSV Advanced
+The same settings as for the regular Respironics AutoSV and the ResMed ASV machine,
+with one important addition. Respironics autoSV Advanced
+allows the EPAP to vary, so you have to specify a minimum and maximum EPAP.
+For example, to the settings for Respironics regular autoSV you would add:
+for Central sleep apnea, defined as:
+1. Study showing AHI > 5 events/hr. and
+2. Central apneas/hypopneas greater than > 50% of the total apneas/hypopneas, and
+3. Central apneas or hypopneas >=5/hr., and
+4. Symptoms of either excessive sleepiness or disrupted sleep.
+for Complex sleep apnea
+CompSA is a form of central sleep apnea specifically identified by the persistence or
+emergence of central apneas or hypopneas upon exposure to CPAP or an EO470 [Bi-level] device
+when obstructive events have disappeared. These patients have predominantly obstructive or
+mixed apenas during the diagnostic sleep study occurring at >= 5 times per hour. With use of
+a CPAP or EO470 [Bi-level], they show a pattern of apneas and hypopneas that meets the definition
+of CSA described above.
+NOTE: CMS defines an hypopnea as "an abnormal respiratory event lasting at least 10 seconds associated
+with at least a 30% reduction in thoracoabdominal movement or airflow as compared to baseline, and
+with at least a 4% decrease in oxygen saturaiton." This definition makes the CMS criteria for
+central sleep apnea and CompSA confusing, because hypopneas are not traditionally
+scored as obstructive or central, but simply 'hypopneas'. Thus by CMS criteria
+a patient could have persistently high AHI from obstructive hypopneas after a CPAP/BiPAP
+titration, yet qualify for an ASV machine. One doubts that was the intent of the stated criteria.
+Perhaps even more amazing is that all the DME companies quote the CMS guidelines, and never stop
+to explain the role of hypopneas in defining central sleep apnea. For example, see the
+Respironics brochure that details how to prescribe their auto SV unit.
+ResMed technical fact sheet
+ResMed VPAP Adapt SV
+Complex sleep apnea (ResMed)
+ResMed Tutorial on complex sleep apnea
+(with audio)
+Frequently asked questions
+How AutoSV works
+How to prescribe autoSV
+ResMed's VPAP Adapt SV is not sold new on the internet, but is probably the same
+price as Respironics AutoSV machine, which is $5800 at cpap.com.
+In addition there is the cost of the mask, and also
+the sleep studies needed before any machine can be prescribed.
+In clinical practice patients usually get their machine from a DME (durable medical equipment)
+company, following a physician's prescription. The DME cost of positive pressure devices
+is generally higher than the cost when purchased on the internet,
+because the DME companies provide service to the machine and training to the patient.
+Even so, DME companies will generally accept whatever the insurer pays, as long as
+it covers their cost. The insurer will sometimes rent the machine from the DME
+company, sometimes buy it outright, and there may or may not be a deductible to the patient.
+Thus there is no simple answer.
+Return to Table: ResMed vs. Respironics
+Return to Home Page: CPAP, BiPAP, ASV
+Return to Lakeside Press home page
+Forward any comments to:
+larry.martin@roadrunner.com
+Evolution.
+The fact is: the theory of evolution, specifically the speciation portion, is inexorably mixed with a belief in God. And not because of Christians either. But because of the atheists who attempt to shove it down our throats through the indoctrination of our children. Most Christians can co-exist with portions of the theory of evolution and most would even be ok with the idea of God using the speciation process (if it were ever proved in a satisfactory way) to create mankind. But the offense comes when these atheists attempt to manipulate our children with their final conclusion: God didn’t create you and therefore, you are not special.
+You are legally and morally the same as a goat. You do not have natural dominion of the earth. You are not its steward. In fact, the very proponents of evolution who claim that there is no God are saying that Mother Earth is a real person and you are subject to her. If you do anything to ‘hurt’ her, than you are a bad child and must be punished by law. People should be good animals and get along with the other animals or we become nothing more than an infestation of the pristine Mother Earth. And we owe her– not the other way around.
+And where does that leave the mere humans?
+Worshipers of a new God: Mother Earth. Being a ‘good’ human being is no longer defined by a righteous God, but by how well we treat Mother Nature. And who will ensure that we are good children? Why, her priests. Those who brought her to power. The ‘green’ czars, of course. They will ensure that we all behave properly. They will make and sell their green goods and we will buy them. They will use laws, courts & jails to control us. That they become wealthy beyond their wildest dreams while the rest of us lose our identity, our natural sovereignty of the Earth, our God given human rights and our wealth is only natural. Those who rose Mother Earth up as a god should be rewarded. It is only the natural evolution of man and earth.
+But Evolution has nothing to do with God, see?
+There are many such lapses of logic & hypocrisy. Here are two of my very favorites:
+1) The theory of evolution pre-supposes life. Only then does this theory kick in. That is why evolutionists (especially those who love the speciation aspect of evolution) say that evolution is not about God. Their theory only takes effect after life is officially created. So. Life ‘just happened to exist’. They also invented a whole branch of science ( for cover), so that they can say they are ‘working on that part’. I find it somewhat incredible that this ‘little detail’ is just fine and dandy with these scientists. Life simply ‘was there’. Then, and only then, does all this evolution stuff kick in. A series of mutations (by definition ‘rare’, ‘not normal’, and ‘mistake’) that just happened over and over and over again and somehow ‘just drove accidentally toward’ intelligent life. In perfect order. In perfect science. It resulted in the incredible thinking machine called ‘Man’ with the only known consciousness and self awareness of any animal on earth (and so far, in the universe). With the ability to self sacrifice, create beauty and even question his own existence. Through a simple, ‘non-designed’, self perpetuating process that ‘just existed’. Remember, the forces that drove evolution also ‘just existed’. Through a simple set of physical laws that ‘just existed’. Through a tiny number of physical elements (see the periodic chart) that also ‘just happened to exist’ at the time.
+Is it just me, or is this a lot of ‘just happened to exist‘s? And yet, so called lovers of FACT and LOGIC are fine enough with all these ‘just happened to exist’s to call it, not a theory, but a FACT. And they ridicule anyone who says, “hey, isn’t that a lot of holes?” as too stupid to even have a conversation with. (thus, the flouncing)
+2) Atheist scientists claim, “It is scientifically impossible to believe that a mystical God created life”. I love how they need to throw a ‘mythical’ or ‘mystical’ or other epitaph before the word, “God”. Again, poor debating style. They load their statement with a falsehood. I don’t believe a ‘mythical’ God created earth either. I believe the actual God created the earth. So can we please start there? So, a God cannot, scientifically, create life, huh? Why is that? They will say: ” There is no proof of a God. ” So I want to ask, “If we could prove the existence of God, then could He create life?” They would probably say, “No”. “Why not? “I would ask. They would be stumped there. Probably they’d flounce away by then or if they were brave enough to stay, they might say, “Because a mythical being can’t create anything” and ’round and ’round we go. Because the truth of it is this: if God’s existence could be proved, then of course He could create life. Why do I say this?
+Because MAN is attempting to create life right now, as we speak! Oh, they desperately seek it. The government seeks it. They have programs upon programs to invent life. They expect to succeed in ten years time! They have already created a synthetic, self replicating cell. Cloning is just one iteration. Ripping eggs of one animal apart and filling it with the DNA of another animal, trying to create viable DNA from non-living substances- you name it, they have it in a test tube.
+Therefore, if MAN believes he can create life, then he must believe any other intelligent life form could create life. Even our life. If they don’t believe this, then they are simply illogical.
+So, it all hinges on proving the existence of God, does it not?
+To prove His existence, we must define Him first. God is a super intelligent being. He can create life. In many variations. In fact, He is so adept in the creation of life, that He actually created mankind and the universe as we know it. He is not bound to live on this earth. How could he live on the very thing he created? Where did he live before that? He CREATED TIME. Thus, he is not bound by time. He created all the physical laws. Thus, he is not bound by any of the physical laws. He can stand outside his creations of time, matter, space & physical laws and observe the WHOLE- as a potter can observe his whole pot. He can travel through time & space easily. He is a poet, a lover, an artist. He is highly advanced. He can travel, unseen, through our world. He can communicate directly to people’s minds. He can be the boss of other advanced beings. In fact, He can be the boss of the entire universe or however many universes there might be. He has the technology and knowledge to do and make things mankind cannot even fathom yet. That is Who we are looking for.
+Sound about right? I know there is more, but let’s just leave it at that. Atheists, since this is our belief, you really can’t question it. As we believe in God, He is ours to define to you so that you can understand what we are trying to prove.
+Now, let’s see…I want to look into this question of intelligent life from other planets. What are those big cone/dishes those crazy scientists at the SETI Institute are pointing up into space? Are those multi-billion-dollar-per-dishes looking for intelligent life? Yes? Well, how will they know they have found intelligent life?
+!
+BUT THE ORDERLY LIFE & SYSTEMS ON EARTH ARE A RESULT OF NATURAL CHAOS, NOT INTELLIGENT DESIGN!!
+But let’s leave that bit of hypocrisy, self delusion and faulty logic for now.
+We are focusing on proving God’s existence, right? Ok, so let’s examine this extra terrestrial life these big dishes and an enormous cadre of scientists are looking for, shall we? Clearly, though these scientists have never had one ounce of proof that they exist, they believe so whole heartedly in their existence that they have devoted their entire lives to finding them. In fact, the UN has recently hired Mazlan Othman, a Malaysian astrophysicist, to be the very first ambassador to greet these aliens not if, but when, they make contact. The Vatican (its own legal government) has also been making similar preparations. They know these creatures are technologically advanced (why do they assume this?). They can visit our planet, unseen. They can make themselves invisible through cloaking technology (which we, humans, have already invented). They can build ships that travel faster than the speed of light and can cross the expanses of space easily. They have probably have mastered time travel. They can make things that humans can’t even imagine today. They can be very powerful. They could be part of a universal political system with leaders and followers. It follows that some of these life forms can mean us good and some of these life forms can mean us ill. These beings could have a political agenda of which we may be a part. It is possible that one type of being can actually be in charge of these other beings. And it is possible that a single one entity can be the king of all the other creatures.
+Why, aren’t we on the same page with this thing? You call them aliens or extra terrestrial beings. We call them angels, demons and God. Why is the term “alien” any more legitimate than our term, “God”? Or do lowly human scientists get to say just how smart and powerful these aliens could be? Do we, lowly humans, know what the actual capabilities of these extraterrestrial beings are? Of course not! Or must their inventions only be as technologically advanced as we can comprehend them to be? Of course not! Is it possible that these extra-terrestrials have advanced to the point of life creation? Of course! If lowly human scientists believe life creation is in their grasp, then these wonders called extra-terrestrial life forms must certainly have attained that knowledge long ago. To our human scientists, the sky’s the limit for these extra terrestrial beings. For us God lovers, the sky’s the limit on His technical abilities.
+They believe in something that has not been proven yet. We believe in something that has not been proven yet.
+Scientists’ belief in aliens has absolutely no more validity than our belief in a God, angels and demons. And yet, those scientists will call us ignorant and superstitious. Though they will never say this, they absolutely don’t want to believe in a God. Why? Because they absolutely, in their arrogance, refuse to believe that they could actually be a creature of another Being’s science. Oh, the creatures they eventually create from test tubes will be their creatures. But they can not be someone else’s creation. The fact that this lacks all the logic that they, themselves, have put forward is why they must eventually flounce from the room. Most of them have not even finished this article, because they saw where it was going.
+So, if you can scientifically claim the existence of aliens, then I can equally and as scientifically claim the existence of God. If aliens exist, then God exists. There is no other logical option.
+So there.
+Note: This is the second promised article in my series of six called, “Why Evolution Makes No Sense Today”.
+i truely believe that you put all the b.s. to rest with this the undenyable truth thank you lavelle27
+One word: BRILLIANT!
+Kudos,
+John wilder
+Thanks, John. But I give the credit to God. He truly inspired me with this one. I started with some arguments that I have mulled over for years. But then I wasn’t sure how to proceed. But as I wrote, I truly felt Divine inspiration.
+Hey Shortie
+I understand divine inspiration. I too have felt it. It was the strongest when I wrote an extensive bible study on abortion and raised the funds to send it to all 35,000 SBC churches. At one time they were on record by resolution as being pro choice. I got them to change and they have never gone back.
+Blessings
+John
+Abolutely Marvelous. I’ve never seen more truth in a single article. I don’t now and never will co-exist with evolution. It isn’t logical!
+Mother nature worship is the utimate control mechanism. I believe that all other religions including the muslims will be forcefully irradicated by this new one world order religion. The play acting by the most powerful people on earth to indorse the koran as a holy book is just a prelude to their actual intentions toward christians and muslims.
+Good! 3 encores and a Palm Leaf Cluster!
+You’ve blown enough holes in the usual hand-outs to make them useful colanders…and a very nice piece of writing, too.
+Of course, some of the spalpeens don’t believe in aliens, either so I guess they’re still standing for the moment. In mid-air, though.
+My suspicion as to why such folk can’t accept God goes right back to Lucifer, who couldn’t either. If you acknowledge God; you are stuck with His rules. The only way to avoid His rules is to somehow get rid of the rule-giver. God is unacceptable when we put ourselves into His place…leaving no recourse but denial. As you say, they don’t want to know or maybe more like: They can’t afford to know.
+They don’t believe in ‘ALIENS’, but they believe in ‘intelligent life from another planet”. Please note the billions being spent by our government and the leagues of scientists dedicating their lives to this very search..
+Hello Short Little Rebel,
+Regarding the SETI program; The United States Government contributed to SETI early on, but recent work has been primarily funded by private sources. So no tax payer money has been spent on it since the early 90’s when it went in private funding.
+@ the word of me: sorry, but you have your facts wrong again. SETI has been funded by the government up until the last few months when funding has been cut. Please see the following reference:
+@ the word of me: here is just a starting point for you to see all the scientists and programs around the world that are looking for extra-terrestrial life:
+Jack, you are 100% correct about the reason to get rid of God. Please read my newest evolution article (#3: “Slippery Slope”) where I delve more deeply into this motive and where it can lead to in the future..
+Hi Short Little Rebel, love your “handle”
+I know a few scientists and their view is; yes, it’s possible for there to be advanced civilizations out there in our universe, but unlikely they are traveling amongst the stars…our present understanding of the laws of physics leaves us to believe the speed of light is impossible for us, or any other culture, to attain.
+As far as UFO’s go, there is no valid evidence that can be examined and tested, so at this point most scientists don’t believe they are a real proven phenomena.
+I don’t think any scientists believe in the supernatural/magical realm…of course this would also apply to witches, demons, angels, devils, etc., simply because these things require magic, and we all know there is no magic operating in our world.
+Interesting thing about witches, the Christian Church in the good old “Dark Ages” killed many, many thousands (some say millions) of poor people accused of being witches, until they finally realized that there wasn’t actually any such thing as witchcraft.
+Interesting things coming out of astronomical science lately. A new specialized satellite is sending information back to earth seeming to say there are as many as 50 billion planets in our galaxy alone that have the potential to support biological life…imagine that…50 billion in our galaxy, and there are at least 200 (probably more) billion galaxies out there in our universe. It’s just possible that life is not so special that earth alone has it.
+Science answers a lot of questions and yes it has a long way to go, and there will probably be some things it can never answer, but sciences explanation of things that the Bible used to be an authority on just keeps on going…and proving the Bible wrong.
+We know that humans have been roaming the earth for around 200,000 years. This has been proven by archaeology, paleontology, and DNA– this pretty much disproves Adam and Eve and “original sin.” We know there was never a Noachian flood or Tower of Babel or Exodus and subsequent parting of the Red Sea. The Old Testament is mostly all mythical dreams of desert goat-herders; an attempt by the ancient writers to establish a racial genesis and foundational mythos. So much of it is just provably wrong.
+Of course Paul had no idea that humans would eventually figure out all of the things we have, so he used the Old Testament to invent Christianity and the concept of original sin and turned a Jewish teacher/rabbi into a new religion and never looked back.
+Like all religions, Christianity is built on myth and misdirection and in lots of cases-outright lies. Like all Christian religious people, you just deny the reality of what science is telling us and make up apologia to explain and lead astray the unsuspecting mortal.
+Your (and everyone else’s) God cannot be proven and I predict He/She/It will never be. The concept of God is purely a human invention…He/She/It is no more real than Scientology’s mythical “Thetans”
+@ Word of Me. I don’t know what to say. You are incorrect to say that scientists don’t believe in super intelligent extra-terrestrial life. No one thinks that the speed of light is the fastest things can go. It is a limit we are bound to TODAY. But no scientist worth his/her weight believes we can’t get past that. As for your analysis on science proving the Bible ‘wrong’, well, I don’t want to be rude, but it is nothing more than a bunch of personal opinions backed by nothing. You make such giant leaps without any references or sources or even sound logic. I can’t take you seriously.
+“No one thinks that the speed of light is the fastest things can go.”
+Except, you know, Albert Einstein.
+.”
+You can dig through the io9 link I provided to Einstein’s original paper.
+From Wikipedia on Faster Than Light travel:
+“General relativity also agrees that any technique for faster-than-light travel could also be used for time travel. This raises problems with causality. Many physicists believe that the above phenomena are in fact impossible, and that future theories of gravity will prohibit them.”
+Disagree with it if you want, but don’t say I didn’t back it.
+Like so many atheists you have made yourself into your own little god and have the arrogance to believe your own bullshit. There are a whole lot of very intelligent christians out there. Just becuase you are intelligent does not make you right.
+John Wilder
+Hello marriagecoach, thanks for your reply.
+You write:
+“Like so many atheists you have made yourself into your own little god and have the arrogance to believe your own bullshit. There are a whole lot of very intelligent christians out there. Just becuase you are intelligent does not make you right.”
+I’m sorry sir, I do not consider myself a god of any sort, big or little.
+The b_llsh_t (sorry, I don’t like to cuss) you are referring to is not coming originally from me…it is from science. I only learn from scientists and pass on the information. Yes, I do believe it because it can be tested and researched and is reviewed by experts in the field.
+I recognize the fact that there are very many intelligent Christians out there just as there are very many intelligent Jews, Hindus, Buddhist, and Muslims out there. Intelligence alone does not make them right and the exclusive holder of the key of knowledge.
+In the last hundred or so years mankind has seen an explosion of knowledge, and particularly in the last 30 years, new tools and methods of inquiry have advanced our understanding of our world and our lives tremendously.
+Religion, on the other hand, is supposed to be right from the very start, after all God is supposed to be behind it. Well science is disproving lots of stuff in the Bible…and the science is not wrong. Science does NOT have a secret conspiratorial network that is dedicated to proving the Bible and the Christian religion wrong. Science just goes about their business and researches whatever they are working on. Sometimes they discover something that relates to religion in some way…it is not guided to prove religion wrong. There is no conspiracy, and the facts just keep piling up against the bible as a work of fact.
+Nice “Talking” to you marriagecoach.
+twom / Bill
+I’m a believer in theistic evolution. God’s plan was for life to evolve. He designed it to be this way. This is much different than to say that man is the descendant of apes. The difference between man and any animal is that God breathed a soul into Adam, our first ancestor, and our mother Eve passed it down.
+You really have to take a deep look at scripture to understand what the 1st chapter of Genesis says…
+Hi Anonymous,
+That is why I point to Speciation when I address evolution. Speciation is the aspect of evolution that basically says we evolved from apes. Which many Christians wouldn’t have a problem with. As a scientist, I have a problem with the fact that evolution & speciation are referred to in almost every book as FACT when it is not. The Christian part of me is not the problem there. The trouble comes because these people have an AGENDA behind this basic lie. They hope to actually convince people that “if we come from apes, we are not made by GOD”. Technically, this is not a logical conclusion, but most people are not technical. The leap is made easily. That is my problem. The conclusion THEY wish to make. To me, personally, if God decided to use a process similar to evolution to create the physical MAN, why would I care? I doesn’t affect my religion at all.
+Hi Short Little Rebel, thank you for your kind reply.
+Of course there may be some people who believe in “super intelligent extra-terrestrial life” and some of them may be scientists, but not ALL of the scientists do. There is an equal chance that any intelligent life-forms we learn of, are on our level or below. We don’t at this point know IF there is any other intelligence “out there.” It is simply recognized by most that there is a chance for it.
+The speed of light has been recognized by scientists for a hundred + – years now as the universes speed limit. Ever since Einstein hatched the theory of relativity…which has been proven over and over again, we have understood the limits. At this point in time it looks like that speed limit stands, as there is not enough energy in the universe to exceed it. A point of clarification; we humans will not exceed this speed, nature, we think, may have exceeded this limit in the very distant past.
+I did not put in any references or sources because all of the science behind the stuff I mentioned is taught in college and I was just starting a dialogue.
+Humans such as us (Homo-sapiens-sapiens) have been on earth at least 200,000 years. That is science talking.
+The Bibles depiction of Adam and Eve and events unfolding after them cannot work with that large amount of time. This is the consequence of that (among other) scientific finding…therefore Adam and Eve as portrayed in the Bible is no doubt a non-event. This is me (and others) interpolating the consequences behind that 200,000 year timeline.
+As for Noah’s flood it was first doubted by naturalists in the 1600’s and ever since that time scientific evidence has consistently shown that there has never been a time in the last 100,000,000 years when the earth was entirely covered with water.
+The Tower of Babel (ToB) story is easily dismissed as well. Most Christian denominations place the ToB story about two to three hundred years after Noah’s flood…that works out to around 2000 BC. We know for a fact that humans were already spread ALL over the planet. North and South America was already populated by around 13,000 BC. I really doubt that those people were just grunting at each other. Also remember that humanity became literate (writing) around 3100 BC and there was already more than one language at that time. Egypt, who was almost next door to the plains of Shinar, had their own written language at the 2000 BC mark and long before…Oh and also they had no flood stories or any physical or archaeological evidence for a giant flood.
+At the 2,000 BC year marker there were civilizations in China, Japan, Egypt, most of remaining Africa, India, Pakistan (high civilization like Egypt), Europe, All around the Mediterranean, most of Asia, Australia, the Pacific Islands, and North and South America. All the continents, with the exception of Antarctica, had long been settled by humans. All of this information can be found in no more than a couple of college textbooks and I doubt if any more than one in a thousand scientists question any of it.
+So the idea that God came down from heaven (or wherever He hangs out 🙂 ) somewhere around 2,000 BC and mangled mankind’s one and only language is just plain silly.
+If you will Google the subject “pottery” and surf there a little while you will find that the Chinese, Japanese and Koreans were making pottery as far back as 16,000 to 18,000 years ago. Sumeria and the Mesopotamian and Mediterranean area discovered pottery around 4,000 BC to 8,000 BC. These facts alone shatter the Old Testament stories, and NONE of these things are my personal opinions…all of the things I have written about here are being taught in colleges and universities all over the world…even religiously funded colleges.
+Could you explain to me where my logic is faulty please?
+Thank you.
+I am enjoying the conversation.
+Twom / Bill
+There are not just ‘some’ scientists, but thousands of them looking for extra-terrestrial life- the US government is looking too- they are the ones funding it. Please follow the link in my article. As for the speed of light, well, we will have to disagree. it is known to be a current limit. But no one believes it can never be broken. I certainly don’t. You need to look more closely at homo-sapiens to get the right number of years (not that it is really relevant)- ‘science’ says that it has been about 50,000 years since homo-sapiens began to ‘act’ like modern man -ie, self awareness, civilization, etc. To me, all those other versions of ‘homo-?’ don’t count as ‘man’. Especially since speciation has never been proved.
+As for your bible statements, I’m afraid I can’t really take you seriously. You have provided no sources and you lack any credentials to speak alone on that subject. My article is not centered on whether or not ‘science’ proves the Bible time line to be correct or incorrect. This is a huge subject that requires it’s own blog article. At this point, I’m not focused on that area. As for you, if you care to do studies in this area and write a blog, correctly referenced, and allow people to comment, I’d be glad to read it.
+All of your statements, and most of modern science’s, for that matter, are based upon the PRESUMPTION that the earth’s atmosphere, the solar system, and the entire universe, has always been just as it is now. There is no proof of this. Therefore, all of science’s dating methods are flawed and unreliable. So many of science’s conclusions are based on presumptions that are unprovable, is it wise to assume their conclusions are reliable?.
+Scient.
+Scientists have said that CO2 is responsi
+Galileo was right of course and Christianity was wrong. Yes many scientists have been proven wrong, however one of the nice things about science is that it WILL correct itself.
+Hey Word
+Yes the history of science is riddled with inaccuracies. Remember, it was not that long ago
+relatively speaking that people theorized that the earth was flat. If you read Genesis in the bible, it correctly
+states the creation order..
+John Wilder
+Scientists have stated (some scientists, not a majority) that CO2 is responsible in the 1 degree increase in the world wide temp increase. They posit that CO2 will stay in the atmosphere for 100 years. Not unless they repeal the law of gravity because CO2 is 152% heavier than air and sinks to the ground when it is released.
+Scienitists base their claims on carbon dating ( a highly imprecise dating method). We have oral history which is recognized in many cultures inclluding the aborigines which was transcribed in the bible.
+Sorrry for the broken up response, but there was trouble on the site which froze me out.
+Do not depend on science as your god, because their history is rife with inaccuracies.
+John
+@john- I haven’t put much research into this topic (science debunking bibilical time lines), but I have wondered about a couple things. First, the Bible seems to imply much longer life spans than current life spans. Even implying that some individuals lived up to 1000 years. To me, that could be possible. Even today, no one really knows why or how we age. I wonder if that has anything to do with supposed problems with biblical timelines and ‘science’ timelines. Further, ‘science’ timelines always say that ‘man’ lived 500,000 years ago. The only trouble is that they are including neanterthals and every ‘homo-…” in that description. Today’s version of homosapiens have only been estimated to be on earth for 50,000 years. Like I said, I haven’t done the research on this, but it sounds like an interesting pursuit. That being said, it really has nothing to do with my article.
+Hello again Short Little Rebel, thank you for your reply.
+Those older (c.200,000 BC) hominids are also classified as Homo-sapiens-sapiens–i.e. us, and yes is was about 50,000 BC when our intelligence seemed to pick up. There are some linguists who believe it was then that human’s invented/implemented language and were able to pass on knowledge much quicker and easier.
+The search for extra-terrestrial PLANETS (by the Kepler space observatory) is currently being run by NASA and JPL and others and does have tax-payer funding. I can imagine the US government having a national security issue with aliens, and wants to know what’s going on out there…who knows. 🙂 drew the attention of the U.S. Congress, where the program was ridiculed [1] and canceled a year after its start. SETI advocates continued without government funding, and in 1995 the nonprofit SETI Institute of Mountain View, California resurrected the MOP program under the name of Project “Phoenix”, backed by private sources of funding. This is where I got the following line: “The Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence is privately funded now and has been since the early nineties.”
+However you are right, there is still some (was…not anymore) small funding from the NSF that I missed. [2] The NSF was funded last year at around 6.9 billion dollars. From this budget they fund science and engineering projects in all fifty states and 2,000 universities and institutions…so I don’t believe SETI was getting billions of dollars in funding. From what I understand their 2011 budget was 2.5 million dollars [3]…some of which came from the California University they are connected with, as well as NSF.
+I just found this in Wikipedia: “Funding for SETI Institute programs comes from a variety of sources. Contrary to popular belief, no government funds are allocated for its SETI searches – these are financed entirely by private contributions. Other astrobiology research at the SETI Institute may be funded by NASA, the National Science Foundation, or other grants and donations.” ”” It seems that no government funds are used on searching for aliens if one is to believe this.
+Sorry if my credentials are lacking, but what science I am putting forth here is commonly accepted science in all colleges and universities around the world. Among mainline scientists and researchers it is little challenged. I am not proposing anything new…the only thing I am doing is cross referencing the science with written Biblical assertions. Our understanding of the old times and people and civilizations from the Bible is not meshing with the facts being found out by science.
+A high school student could do what I have done. If the Bible tells me that the Tower of Babel happened in a certain timeline and I know what I know about human populations and geography–there is a BIG disconnect. I know the human history as described by science is correct and can be proven…the Bible (Old Testament primarily) I know was written a few thousand years ago by goat-herders who believed in magic, and apparently God forgot to let them in on the fact that the world was BIG and already hugely populated.
+You see what is happening here is that as the Bible is more and more proven wrong…large questions arise about the reality of God. If His book is proven no longer a source of real information that a God would know, what would you do?
+I started this journey just questioning a few stories that didn’t sound right, and what I have found and deduced just blows my mind. With respect, If one just accepts the entire PR and dogma the churches promote, and never question anything, you will be exactly where you are now. At one point in my life I was brainwashed and then I started questioning. Amazing how it feels to find actual truth.
+**************************************
+[1]”Ear to the Universe Is Plugged by Budget Cutters”. The New York Times. October 7, 1993. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
+[2] The National Science foundation. Retrieved June 7, 2011
+[3] Hot air Retrieved June 7, 2011
+Peace,
+twom / Bill
+” A series of mutations (by definition ‘rare’, ‘not normal’, and ‘mistake’) that happened over and over and over again and somehow ‘just drove accidentally toward’ intelligent life.”
+This is a gross misunderstanding of the mechanism of evolution, as there is nothing accidental about natural selection. Selection does not always favor the more intelligent species, but over the course of hundreds of millions of years of biodiversity arising from evolutionary processes you’re definitely going to see some pockets where intelligence is higher than average.
+!”
+There is a lot of order in the universe, the primary challenge SETI has is differentiating between the order that occurs naturally and the order that would come from a directed intelligence. So when a scientist sees what looks like rhythmic pulses along a certain wavelength in the range that might be generated by a civilization, they go about the process of trying to verify it by eliminating all other possibilities in that scan range that provide that type of ordered output. So far, no verified signals of directed intelligence have been found, but the way you characterize it is not accurate by saying the universe is chaos and SETI is only looking for order in chaos. They are looking for directed order instead of natural order.
+Too bad they haven’t discovered even ONE of these intelligent signals in 60, or so years! What’s up with that?
+“They can visit our planet, unseen. They can make themselves invisible through cloaking technology (which we, humans, have already invented). They can build ships that travel faster than the speed of light and can cross the expanses of space easily. They have probably have mastered time travel. ”
+I’ll give you cloaking, because humans are on the verge of developing some cloaking mechanisms, but the rest of this is just unverified assertion of fact. In fact, many physicists believe that FTL travel is impossible, and that the amount of energy that would be needed for any type of time travel we can currently speculate on, if it is possible at all (another disputed point), would be prohibitive if not practically impossible.
+Here is a *great* link to a discussion on time travel:
+Hi marriagecoach1, thanks for your reply.
+You write:
+“Yes the history of science is riddled with inaccuracies. Remember, it was not that long ago relatively speaking that people theorized that the earth was flat. If you read Genesis in the bible, it correctly states the creation order.”
+Yes, it was the Orthodox Church throughout the Dark Ages and somewhat after that perpetuated the “Flat Earth.” theory. It was early scientists who figured out it was a sphere…and also what the diameter was, which was extraordinary when you consider all he had for instruments was 2 sticks. (two different guys here)
+The story of Genesis has the plants, which require sunlight to survive, being created the day before the sun…for 1 day this is no problem, but if you subscribe to the Day-Age theory then all the plants would be dead. Also Genesis has two stories of Adam and Eve. 1 is where Adam and Eve are created in the beginning and 1 where they are created on the last day. They were rather crudely stitched together by the redactors in Babylon.
+You write:
+.”
+The Red Sea parting and the whole Exodus story has been refuted by two archaeologists in Israel. According to them there never was a time when the Hebrews were slaves in Egypt, a million +- of them never crossed the Red Sea or wandered the Sinai desert for forty years and witness the manna from heaven, the quails, or the water flowing from rocks, etc.. Joshua and his crew did not blow down the walls of Jericho or kill the king in the town of Ai, they were already deserted by the time recorded in the Bible.
+Archaeologists have been looking for over a hundred years for any evidence in the desert of a million people crossing it at one time…it isn’t there. Also there is no evidence to be found in Egyptian writing for a million Hebrews living there and suddenly leaving. Boy, that would really make the tax collectors mad. 🙂
+A large number of Biblical scholars believe Moses was a mythical person and that the Pentateuch was written by at least 3, maybe 4 different people and was probably penned near the time of, or after the Hebrew exile in Babylon…800-500 +- BC.
+Regarding the Red Sea and Egypt and Exodus story Google the name Ze’ev Herzog His page in Wikipedia is here:'ev_Herzog
+His CV can be found here:
+Hey Word
+You believe in scientists, fine that is your choice. You are kidding of course, there would be no evidence some 5,000 years later. I have seen too many scientists who were wrong and continue to be wrong. I believe the bible and if I am wrong, I am risking nothing. You rejecting God, if you are wrong, you are risking everything.
+I will stand on my faith and blessings on you
+John
+Hi Marriagecoach1, thanks for writing back.
+Actually the date for the mythical Exodus is in the neighborhood of 3400 years ago. Sites that are ten, fifteen, twenty thousand years and older are doable with today’s modern methods and tools.
+When the modern Israeli government controlled the Sinai in the 1960’s and 1970’s there were government sponsored digs all over the place and they found evidence of many small camps that preceded the supposed time, and they found stuff from after the time, but nothing else and certainly no evidence of 1,000,000 souls wandering.
+Kadesh Barnea where the Israelites purportedly spent most of the 40 years has been thoroughly sifted and no sign from it either. Follow part of the story here:
+Here is an excerpt from Wikipedia about the Exodus:
+The archaeological evidence of the largely indigenous origins of Israel is “overwhelming,” and leaves “no room for an Exodus from Egypt or a 40-year pilgrimage through the Sinai wilderness.”[21] For this reason, most archaeologists have abandoned the archaeological investigation of Moses and the Exodus as “a fruitless pursuit.”
+[22] A century of research by archaeologists and Egyptologists has found no evidence which can be directly related to the Exodus narrative of an Egyptian captivity and the escape and travels through the wilderness,[18] and it has become increasingly clear that Iron Age Israel – the kingdoms of Judah and Israel – has its origins in Canaan, not Egypt:[23][24].[25]
+Here’s the link:
+Also remember there is no Egyptian data of any kind that backs up the Biblical writings.
+Its pretty safe to say the story is purely mythical.
+All you have presented as evidence is the OPINIONS of so-called experts. The fact is, Mt. Sinai, the Red Sea (Yom Suf) crossing has been found, complete with wrecked, coral encrusted chariot cabs and wheels. Sodom and Gomorrah have also been located including sulfur encrusted walls. Look it up. You are wrong on all accounts, thewordofme!
+An athiest once asked me if i have seen God, if yes, let me tell him God’s colour, the best answer i could give him was to answer him with a question: have you seen the wind, if yes, tell me the colour? Here is my reason for bringing this, we cannot see God but we can see his actions e.g miracles, so is the wind we cannot see it but can see its action on trees. The atheist was stuck. He cannot tell me the colour of the wind, my final submission was if you believe the existence of wind though you cannot see it or know its colour, then you must believe in the existence of God though you cannot see him or know his colour.
+nicely done. people reject God and jump onto the false promise of science (as their god) for one reason only: they want to. If challenged, they simply can not justify their position.
+You have a terrible argument. I know many people who consider this article to be comical. no joke
+MOP, they find it so comical that they come (in droves) to my page, enraged, frothing from theie mouths and calling me all sorts of descriptive names. I delete at least 95% of what I get from those ‘jokers’. Seems to me that if this was such a joke, people like you would not even bother to visit. But you do. And they do. And guess who is the one laughing? ;-D
+The “BioLogos” movement (and myself) share your belief and faith in the creator God and his son Jesus Christ. However, as many people, kind and not-so-kind, have stated here, there are too many scientific FACTS that render a LITERAL interpretation of the Bible obsolete. I personally believe that God created the universe and everything in it over billions of years. One scientific FACT: we share 99% of our DNA with Chimpanzees. Could the “Dust” used to create Adam (see Genesis)be “genetic material”? Could the “Sons of God” (also mentioned in Genesis) refer to the ancient Pagan gods worshipped by our ancestors or even refer to the modern interpretation of Aliens?
+I also believe that in most cases, the Bible and science walk hand-in-hand and that God created science. We were created to have enquiring minds and there is nothing wrong with structured healthy debate in peace and love. On this basis, we can agree to disagree.
+May God bless you and guide you.
+Shay, I have never discounted real scientific discovery. I LOVE science. But I have a problem with the human WILL behind the publication of mere theory as FACT.
+“The day an ARAB says that allah is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob is the day I promise to stop writing. lol!”
+These are your words, all you have to do is a cursory search of “Abrahamic religions” and you will see that yes these people do indeed claim that Allah is the God Abraham Isaac and Jacob you nitwit! Islam and Christianity are both offshoots of Judaism and no amount of denial will change that fact. As a matter of fact the Quran has all the same stories from the old testament. You can ban me from your page and delete all my posts but the fact remains you have no honor.
+Oh, really. please provide that link! What a joker. No Arab on the EARTH will recognize God as the God of Isaac. Their ANCESTOR, Ishmael was thrown out of Abraham’s tent because of Sarah, Isaac’s mother. They HATED the Jews since then. God specifically denied a covenant with Ishmael and made a POINT of establishing it through Isaac & Jacob. He made that CLEAR. By the time Jacob came around, Ismael was long gone- the Arabs had embarked on a new god. No Arab would admit that God was a JEWISH God. No way, no how. They only acknowledge the God of Abraham- and that is not the great I AM. Allah is a creation of their own. YOU do your research. I ban so-called atheists because you have NO intention of good- only bad. sorry.
+A literal interpretation of the Bible is not obsolete. The argument of scientific “fact” is based on the understandable (yet naive ) assumption that science is: 1. infallible 2. honest
+Neither of these is likely. We live in a fallen world, and our battle is with the “prince of the power of the air”. Why would we assume he would fight fair? Many scientists believe and have proof of a “young earth”, dinosaurs living at the same time as man, and a cataclysmic flood being responsible for most of what popular science credits to an ice age. Don’t expect their findings to be published, though. They are ridiculed and discredited at every turn. God proves Himself every day to those who are willing to see, as He has stated in His word. Jesus gave us our marching orders in the Great Commission, and while these discussions are informative, they are a prelude to the real issue and goal, the spread of the gospel. Never think for a moment that convincing someone of any of these peripheral issues will bring them to Christ. Still, being conversant in real science (all knowledge is a gift from God) is a good thing, and increases our appreciation for our Creator.
+When it is plainly stated that jews would be obliterated from the record, why would we be suprised there is no record? When we are finding the mask of Agmannon, and the foundations to the horse of Troy, and other artifacts long assumed to be legend, when we will learn that we are essentially the same inquisative, fact finding species that existed at the time these reciords were created. If it was all a hoax, it would have dissappeared a long time ago as every other hoax has. Give deference to the ancients, they had a point.
+A short response to Tanzalone, you said Muslims claim that Allah is the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. Where precisely do you get that? I want to agree with shortie, muslims will never agree that true salvation came from Isaac and Jacobic lines; if they agree, it is like nailing their own coffin, but they forgot that, Ishmael the progenitor of Islam was indeed blessed but was cast out not to be an inheritor of the COVENANT(see Genesis 21: 10-13) (Gen 17: 17-21).
+Tanzalone also said stories of the old Testament are the same as those in the Quran, i beg to differ on this point, if you have really read both books you would have used SIMILAR instead of SAME. for instance compare the flood story of the Bible and that of the Quran you will see a vast difference; so also is the story of Joseph. So, they are not the SAME, as long as differences exist.
+My final submission is, one has to have an open mind to contribute to such a debate, you dont have to be monofocal if you want to know the TRUTH.
+Thanks
+Jajua K
+My biggest problem with so-called evolution is its proposition that life simply happened by “accident.” The proponents of this theory cannot begin to explain the origin of INFORMATION, which, in the form of DNA, is necessary to the formation of life. Besides, every biologist knows that whenever a mutation occurs, information is lost, not gained. So to propose that life began simple and evolved into more complex forms is not just illogical, it is impossible!
+What makes me laugh is that the very people who propose these most ILLOGICAL theories say that WE only want to believe what we want. It is totally the other way around. I would be just as offended if people walked around strenuously saying the earth was flat. Evolution, speciation, is simple less PROBABLE than Intelligent Design! AND there appears to be more evidence for intelligent design than ‘it all just happened’. NOTHING is life shows that chaos, explosions, etc.. result spontaneously into ORDER. In fact, all experience in real life show the opposite to be true. That all things, left to themselves, DEGRADE. But… we are the ones who hate logic and science, right?
+Evolution is often misappropriated by atheists and theists alike. It is not a moral, but a mechanism. The theory does not imbue moral judgements on humans, animals, or deity; it is simply the amalgamation of observed phenomena in the progeny of life. The mechanism of the progeny of humans does not give or take away the moral responsibility and uniqueness of humans. God is who imbues humans with those qualities and the desire to seek Him. One can (and many, including myself, do) believe in God and evolution. If God Created using the process we call evolution (as our current understanding seems to affirm), then evolution, like all life, is a very intelligent design.
+Just some food for thought.
+Daniel, I totally agree with you. I have zero problem if God used the process of evolution to create us. None at all. Why should I? However, that being said, this theory has so much that is unproven that I fail to see it as a valid scientific conclusion at all. Just my point of view.
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+MAM Baby
+Privacy
+Privacy
+1. Introduction
+At MAM your trust is important to us and we are committed to protecting your privacy when dealing with your personal information. As such we do not sell your personal information to anyone. Where we share personal information with third parties, this is only to allow then to perform services for us (i.e. technical auditors, developers, order fulfilment operations).
+This Privacy Notice explains in detail the types of personal data we may collect about you when you interact with us. It also explains how we use your personal data, how we store and handle that data, and how we keep it safe.
+There is a lot of information contained here because we want you to be fully informed about the use of your data and about your rights in relation to this.
+We hope the following sections will answer any questions you have but if not, please do get in touch with us.
+We may change this Privacy Notice from time to time and we therefore encourage you to review this Privacy Notice periodically.
+2. Who we are
+The MAM Group (“MAM, “we”, “us” and “our”), is located in 17 countries and works together to provide you with our products and services. Hence, we may process your personal data within our group of companies when required in order to provide you with our products and services. This means, for example, that information regarding your purchase will be transferred to another entity than the one mentioned under the imprint. You can rest assured, however, that we will only transfer your personal data under compliance with the requirements of the GDPR.
+In some cases, we may also transfer personal data to third countries outside the European Union and the European Economic Area in this context. In each case we have ensured an appropriate level of data protection.
+The data controller of this website is MAM Group - Marketing & Product Development.
+MAM Babyartikel GmbH
+Lorenz-Mandl-Gasse 50
+1160 Vienna
+Austria
+Tel: +43 1 49 141-0
+office@mambaby.com
+Company register number: FN 110465Z
+Company register court: HG Wien
+Membership of a chamber: WKÖ
+VAT Reg.: ATU 142 43 503
+3. When do we collect your personal data?
+When you visit any of our websites.
+When you create a MAM Club account with us.
+When you create a MAM Service 4 Professionals account with us.
+When your business (or the business you work for) has entered a commercial relation with us for the purchase and sale of our products to the retail market or as a vendor or supplier (please also read
+Section 11
+).
+When you make an online purchase and check out as a guest.
+When you shop online, we capture information through cookies and similar technologies, you can manage these when you visit our site.
+When you engage with us on social media.
+When you download or install one of our apps.
+When you contact us by any means with queries, complaints etc.
+When you enter prize draws or competitions.
+When you choose to complete any surveys, we send you.
+4. How we process your data
+4.1 Website Usage Data
+When you visit our website, the data collected from your use of the website is temporarily stored on our web server for statistical purposes to improve the quality of our website. This data set contains:
+Information about the browser type and version used;
+Your user's operating system;
+Your user's Internet service provider;
+The IP address of your user’s device shortened to such an extent that no reidentification of any personal data is possible;
+Date and time of access;
+The access status (file transmitted; file not found);
+Websites from which your user's system reached our website; and,
+Websites accessed by your user's system through our website.
+The legal basis for processing these usage data is Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR. We will not process your usage data for a period longer than the duration of the session.
+4.2 Storage of Your IP Address
+Our website stores the IP address transmitted by your web browser for a period of seven (7) days, strictly for the purpose of identifying, restricting and eliminating attacks on our website.
+4.3 Integration of other technical third-party content and functions
+We use the technical functions and contents of third-party providers listed below to display our websites. When accessing our website, certain content will be downloaded from the third-party providers who provide these functions and content. The third-party provider will thereby be informed that you have accessed our site and will receive the usage data that is technically required for this purpose.
+We embed this content based on our legitimate interest to make the site more appealing and informative (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR). In individual cases, we will ask for your consent via the cookie banner (Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR).
+If you do not agree to the processing of your personal data by the integration of the above-mentioned third-party content, you can object to further processing when using our websites at any time. To do so, please deactivate the downloading of web fonts and scripts by using suitable extensions and add-ons, such as NoScript, in your browser.
+4.4 MAM for consumers - MAM Baby Club
+If you wish to join the MAM Baby Club, we will ask you to provide us with some personal information to register you in the club and where you will be able to enjoy a variety of benefits.
+The MAM Club will provide you with
+Information about MAM and automatic notifications when new products are available; and
+Access to the MAM Baby Online Shop where you can purchase our products.
+We kindly ask you to fill our registration form providing us with the following details:
+Title;
+City; and,
+How did you hear about MAM?
+In order to get to know you better and to personalize our services in the MAM Club and to offer you more interesting content in the MAM Baby Club (such as personalized product suggestion and coupons), we also ask you, on a voluntarily basis, to provide the following information:
+Gender;
+Telephone;
+Street Address;
+House Number;
+ZIP Code;
+State;
+Date of Birth;
+Information relating to your pregnancy (First name of your unborn baby, if you have already chosen on one, expected birthday, expected gender, etc.);
+Information relating to your baby’s development – About my child(ren) (Do you already have children aged under 3?, Name, Birthday, Gender, etc.)
+We will process your address details and contact details to send your purchases and to perform market research if you agree to this processing operation. Details regarding your pregnancy and baby’s development are processed to offer you personalized newsletters to support you in this important journey.
+If you have granted your consent, we may receive your registration to the MAM Baby Club and related services from our partners or affiliates. We will only receive the details you have shared on the registration form.
+We ask you to voluntary provide your gender details, in order to segment our audience for our market research activities. Please also consult our
+section regarding “Information relating to Children and/or Minors”
+.
+We will additionally process your date and time of registration for documentation purposes.
+You can change or delete your profile within your account at any time. Data will then be deleted from the system automatically immediately of your personal data will be based on Art. 6 (1) b) GDPR. If you have not concluded a contract with us and the data is not necessary in order to take steps to conclude a contract with you, the processing will be based on your informed consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+4.5 MAM for Health Care Professionals - MAM Service 4 Professionals
+As a health care professional with access to the MAM Service 4 Professionals, you can enjoy a variety of benefits within our access restricted areas.
+If you wish to join the MAM Service 4 Professionals as a Health Care Professional, please register. You can select to register or log-in (i) via the MAM Login or (ii) the DocCheck Login. Please review the information below for further details.
+You will be able to use our services targeted to health care professionals once you register. We will provide you with:
+Information about MAM and development-related content;
+Access to the MAM Baby Online Shop where you can purchase our products;
+Access to the MAM Healthcare Network featuring an overview of current events and trainings and access to events (through the websites provided by the entities for such events);
+Access to a study database containing scientific studies on development-related topics with different filter functions;
+Access to the MAM Science Corner where you can deepen your knowledge; and,
+Access to a quarterly MAM Scientific Newsletter.
+You can change or delete your profile within your account at any time. Data will then be deleted from the system automatically will be based on Art. 6 (1) b) GDPR. In case you have not concluded any contract with MAM and your data is not necessary to conclude a contract with you, the processing will be based on your informed consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+(i) MAM Login for Health Care Professionals
+Please provide the following information:
+Title;
+City;
+Country;
+Area of Work (different options to select); and,
+Occupational Proof (professional qualification such as degree, leaving certificate, professional ID, etc). You can alternatively send or fax the proof of your qualifications to a fax number or a post address mentioned in the registration form.
+MAM is offering this specific section only for HCPs due to its enhanced knowledge basis and services are targeted towards HCPs.
+In order to get to know you better and to offer you more interesting content in the Service4Professionals (such as personalized product suggestions and coupons), we also ask you, on a voluntary basis to provide the following information:
+Telephone;
+Street Address;
+Street Address 2;
+County;
+Postcode / Zip;
+Date of Birth;
+Specialization;
+Name of Institution;
+Comment;
+Gender.
+We will additionally process your date and time of registration for documentation purposes.
+(ii) DocCheck Registration
+We have embedded DocCheck script to facilitate your registration and login as a single-sign on. The script has been developed by DocCheck Community GmbH. If you select this registration method, a separate tab will open and you will be required to either log-in to DocCheck or to create a DocCheck account. We do not have any responsibility on how personal data is processed by Doc Check. If you use the single-sign on, DocCheck will receive information relating to your use of our access-restricted MAM Service 4 Professionals area.
+We embed the script based on our legitimate interest to make your registration and log-in simpler and to provide you with a single-sign on method (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR). If you register on DocCheck, you will provide your consent to DocCheck Community GmbH. Please note that, if you withdraw your consent to the processing of your personal data by DocCheck, you will not be able to use the DocCheck login on our MAM website.
+For further information relating to the processing of your data, please refer to the DocCheck privacy policy:
+4.6 Products & On-line Shop
+Customers and health care professionals can purchase our products in our online shop. To conclude a purchase, you are requested to register on our website. We have integrated a Shopware 6 solution which means that your personal data and information relating to your purchase will be transferred to Germany. We have concluded appropriate data protection contracts and make sure that your information is safe. Whenever you conclude a purchase, we will ask you to provide us with your address details in order to send you your MAM Baby products.
+If you are a consumer or a health care professional, the processing of your personal data will take place based on the legal base provided for by Art. 6 (1) b) GDPR, that is, the processing of data for the purpose of concluding a contract or taking steps prior to the conclusion of a contract). In case you have a business and you wish to order our products for your business, the processing takes place based on our legitimate interest to deliver our products to you (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR).
+4.7 Payment Process
+We will only process your order data, invoice amount, invoice due dates and description of the article(s) in order to verify that we have received your payment from one of the payment providers. Depending on the selection of your payment method, you will be redirected to a different platform where the payment process will take place. You can use "Pay with PayPal" (Paypal Holdings Inc., “Klarna” (Klarna Bank AB) and Visa or Mastercard payments. The providers and credit card companies process your data in its role as a separate data controller which is independent from us.
+The amount of personal data relating to your payment data, which is processed, is different for each of the payment providers. If you wish to receive more information about the categories of personal data processed and the operation in general, please visit the corresponding privacy policies of the providers.
+We process your payment information according to Art. 6 (1) b) GDPR for the performance of a contract, if you are a natural person, or based on our legitimate interest to receive our payment, if you are a business (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR). The method of payment and the transfer of data to one of the payment providers can be voluntarily selected by you in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+4.8 Customer Satisfaction Surveys
+We are working on continuously improving our services and products. During the purchasing process, we will ask you to consent to participating in customer satisfaction surveys and we will send you such surveys only provided that you have previously consented to participate. If you have granted your consent, we may receive your subscription to our surveys from our partners or affiliates. If you consent to participate in that case, we will transfer your email address to Netigate AB and Survalyzer AG, so that the survey invitations can be sent out.
+Netigate AB and Survalyzer AG will process your name, date and time of participation and your answers. Your answers to the customer survey are not stored in connection with you, rather they are stored separately and in an aggregated form for statistical evaluation purposes, unless you voluntarily provide your contact details in the survey. If you want us to contact you based on your feedback, please include your contact details in the space provided within the survey.
+We have concluded data processing agreements to ensure that appropriate measures are implemented to protect your personal data. The processing of your personal data within the survey is based on your voluntary consent (Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR). Please note that you will not suffer any detriment or negative impact if you decide not to participate in the surveys. You are free to withdraw your consent at any time -with effect for the future- by contacting us in the contact form.
+4.9 Consumer Newsletter “My personal pregnancy calendar” and “baby development calendar”
+You can subscribe to the free of charge newsletters “My personal pregnancy calendar” and / or “baby development calendar” on our website during the registration process. If you have granted your consent, we may receive your subscription to our newsletters from our partners or affiliates. When registering for the newsletter, we ask you separately to voluntarily provide your name and email address for this purpose. We also store the date and time of registration for documentation purposes. When you register, you will receive a confirmation email from us and, after you have clicked on the link, you will start receiving the selected newsletter.
+In order to provide you with these newsletters, we process your data based on your consent (Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR). You can withdraw your consent at any time by using the unsubscribe link at the end of each email. If you withdraw your consent, we will make sure that you will not receive any further marketing newsletters from us. You can also send us a request via the
+contact methods provided here
+.
+Please note that we will continue to store your email address to deliver our goods and services, in case of an ongoing contractual relationship, and in case you send us a query, which we will answer by email.
+4.10 HCP Newsletter
+If you are a registered HCP, you can subscribe to the quarterly scientific newsletter free of charge. If you wish to receive the newsletter, we will obtain your consent on a separate communication. We will also store the date and time of registration for documentation purposes. When you register, you will receive a confirmation email from us and, after you have clicked on the link, you will start receiving the selected newsletter.
+We process your data based on your consent (Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR). You can withdraw your consent at any time by updating your preferences in the settings, using the unsubscribe link at the end of each email. If you withdraw your consent, we will make sure that you will not receive any further marketing newsletters from us. You can also send us a request via the contact methods provided under section 20.
+Please note that in case of an ongoing contractual relationship, we will continue to store your email address to deliver our goods and services and in case you send us a query, which we will answer by email.
+4.11 Back in stock confirmation email
+You can subscribe to s one-time information email if you with us to inform you when the product of your choice is back on stock. We will not process your email address for any other purpose unless you agree to the processing of your data to receive our newsletters, or, if we have an ongoing contractual relationship with you.
+We process your data based on your consent (Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR) for the purpose of providing you with this service. You can withdraw your consent at any time and free of charge by
+contacting us here
+if you are not interested in receiving the one-time notification anymore.
+4.12 Raffles and Contests
+You can take part in raffles and contests on our website and newsletters. If you wish to participate in a raffle or contest, we will ask for certain personal information such as your name and email address. We will also record at which time you joined which contest. We will use this information to confirm your participation and/or notify you that you have been selected as a winner. In some instances, we will receive support from third parties to perform certain activations. We will inform you before transferring your data to any recipient. We will delete your personal data once the raffles or contests are not anymore active.
+You can join our raffles and contests based on your consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR. You can withdraw your consent by
+contacting us using the details here
+.
+4.13 Data Transfers to Service Providers
+We aim to inform you transparently about the transfer of your personal data to service providers who support us in providing you with our products and services. We use a variety of service providers which support us in organizing our online shop and associated delivery services, we also receive technical support from agencies and information security specialists to make sure that your personal data is safely processed. We only transfer personal data if appropriate data protection agreements have been concluded and if we are able to guarantee an appropriate level of data protection in accordance with the GDPR.
+4.14 Social Links
+We place various social media buttons on our platform in the form of links. Please find the social media buttons used in this website such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest and YouTube. We only display buttons on our platform and do not integrate any social media plugins. Personal data from you will only be transferred to the social media provider if you click on the button. If you are already logged into the social media service, the social media service provider may also use this data to identify your username -and possibly even your real name- when you click on the social media button. We have no control over the extent, nature and purpose of the data processing carried out by the social media service.
+You can find further information about data protection regarding social platforms on the privacy policies provided by the social media platforms.
+4.15 YouTube Videos
+Our website contains videos that are not stored on our servers. If you access our websites with embedded videos, content from the third-party provider YouTube, who supplies the videos, will be downloaded. This operation will provide YouTube with information about your access to our site and details regarding your IP address will be transferred. We have no influence on further data processing by YouTube. However, when embedding the videos, we have taken care to activate the extended data protection mode offered by YouTube. The extended data protection mode means that YouTube will not place any cookies on your device. Within this operation, your data will be transferred based on our legitimate interest to display the website in the most convenient and informative way in accordance with Art. 6 (1) f GDPR.
+5. Use of cookies and similar technologies
+Our website uses cookies. Cookies are small pieces of data that are stored and read in your end-device. Software on your device -e.g. web browser- can store cookies and send them back when you visit the website a second time. Cookies may contain data that enables the recognition of the device being used. However, in some cases cookies only contain information on certain settings that do not allow us to re-identify you. Some cookies may be required to enable the user guidance, security and execution of the site. If a website is developed, there exist different options to gain access to information you store on your device or we store some information to understand your interests more comprehensively. Some are implemented via cookies and others via similar technologies which process your personal data. We also use similar technologies which are very similar to cookies but are achieved by other means (for example Local Shared Objects, fingerprinting techniques, etc).
+What are session and persistent cookies?
+A distinction is made among session cookies, which are deleted when you close your browser, and permanent cookies, which are stored even after your visit has expired. We inform you about the duration of the storage of each cookie or similar technology in the tables below.
+What are first-party and third-party cookies?
+If the cookie is placed directly by the website the user is visiting, we’re talking about a first-party cookie. Conversely if a domain other than the one the user is visiting places the cookie, we’re talking about a third-party cookie. A third-party cookie is usually set when an element from another website is incorporated and the browser fetches the element from other sites. It may include for example images, advertisements or cookies.
+What are the different categories of cookies on this website?
+Cookies and other technologies can serve different purposes of processing. Our website uses different categories of cookies and similar technologies as detailed below. We make sure to inform you about how we use each of the technologies on our website.
+What is the legal basis for processing cookies?
+When processing “strictly necessary cookies and similar technologies” we will do it in accordance with our legitimate purposes explained below in accordance with Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR.
+With regards to any other category of cookies or similar technologies, we process your personal data based on your consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR. We will, in those cases, obtain your previous consent and record it through our cookie banner.
+If you want to change your preferences, please click here. Please note that if certain cookies or similar technologies are deactivated for our website, it may no longer be possible to use all the functions that the website offers.
+Strictly necessary cookies and similar technologies
+Strictly necessary cookies are essential to provide you with the services that you request within our website. Those include technical resources to ensure that the page is loaded quickly and that you are able to view our page on different devices. We may also use strictly necessary cookies to comply with our obligations such as obtaining and recording your consent. Those cookies store different categories of personal data which depend on the scope, purpose and retention period of the cookie or similar technology. The information may contain your shortened IP address, information about your behaviour on our website, referral information which explains how you accessed our website or other details such as information relating to the device you use.
+The legal basis for the processing of personal data regarding the use of cookies necessary for technical reasons is our legitimate interest to provide you with the information, products and services in our website (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR). If a cookie setting is rather important than strictly necessary, we will obtain your consent. We do not use strictly necessary cookies or similar technologies for analytical, tracking or advertisement purposes.
+Functional Cookies and similar technologies
+We use functional cookies to provide you with extended functionalities and to facilitate your navigation. Certain settings are saved as your preferences so that you do not have to enter them again. For example, we save your language setting for this purpose. The processing of your personal data in this context is carried out based on your consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+Analytical Cookies and similar technologies
+We use analytical cookies to create statistics and to update the design of our website. For this purpose, the providers mentioned below create and store user profiles and permanent cookies on your end device. In addition, it is possible that we access recognition features for your browser or terminal device (e.g. a browser fingerprint or your unabridged IP address. This would allow us to recognise returning visitors and count them as such. In addition, we use the following functions in the context of visitor measurement.
+We enrich the pseudonymous data with additional data provided by third parties. We can record demographic characteristics of our visitors by using this method, such as age, gender and place of residence.
+In the case of Google Analytics cookies, we have made sure that the last digits of your IP address are masked and deleted before transferring it to Google. Google will therefore only receive pseudonymous IP addresses to perform the analytic functionalities.
+The processing of your personal data in this context is carried out based on your consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+Third-party tracking technologies for advertising purposes
+We use tracking technologies to display targeted advertising on other websites based on your visit to our websites and to help us determine how effective our advertising efforts have been.
+What is tracking?
+When you visit our websites, it is possible that the third-party providers listed below may call up recognition features for your browser or end device (e.g. a browser fingerprint), evaluate your IP address, save or review recognition features on your end device (e.g. cookies) or gain access to individual tracking pixels. Your individual features can be used by third parties to recognize your end device on other Internet sites. We may request the relevant third-party providers to display advertisements based on the pages visited on our website.
+What does cross-device tracking mean?
+If you log in to the third-party provider with your own user data, the recognition features of different browsers and end devices can be linked with each other. For example, if the third-party provider has created a separate feature for each of the laptops, desktop PCs, smartphones or tablets you use, these individual features can be assigned to each other as soon as you use a third-party service with your log-in data. This allows the third party to target our advertising campaigns across multiple devices.
+The processing is carried out on the basis of your consent in accordance with Art. 6 (1) a) GDPR.
+6. Information relating to Children and/or Minors
+Our website does not aim to target children or minors as defined under applicable local laws. The processing of children’s personal data is not necessary to provide you with our services. Under very limited circumstances MAM offers services, such as the baby development calendar or the MAM Baby club, where we request the guardian or parent to provide informed consent before processing any children’s data. In case you are a guardian or parent and you become aware that a child or minor has provided us with personal data, please
+and we will make sure that the children’s data will be deleted.
+7. Data Security
+We implement appropriate and sufficient technical and organisational measures in order to protect your data from unauthorized access. We have implemented an encryption method on this website in accordance with the current state of the art. Your data is transferred from your computer to our server and vice versa via the Internet using TLS encryption. You can usually recognise this by the fact that the lock symbol in the status bar of your browser is closed and the address line begins with https://.
+8. Data Deletion
+We may retain information about you as long as it is necessary for us to fulfil the purposes outlined in this Privacy Policy. In addition, we may retain your information for an additional period as is permitted or required to, among other things, comply with our legal obligations, resolve disputes, and enforce agreements. Where and when required by applicable law, we will delete your information.
+9. Your Rights
+The GDPR grants certain rights to website users regarding the processing of their personal data:
+1. Right of Access
+You have the right to obtain confirmation as to whether personal data concerning you is being processed, and, where that is the case, access to the personal data and the information specified in Art. 15 GDPR.
+2. Right to rectification and erasure
+You have the right to obtain without undue delay the rectification of inaccurate personal data concerning you and, if necessary, the right to have incomplete personal data completed in accordance with Art. 16 GDPR.
+You also have the right to obtain the erasure of the personal data concerning you without undue delay, if one of the reasons listed in Art. 17 GDPR applies, e.g. if the data is no longer necessary for the intended purpose.
+3. Right to restriction of processing
+If one of the conditions set forth in Art. 18 GDPR applies, you shall have the right to restrict the processing of your data to mere storage, e.g. if you revoke consent to the processing, for the duration of a possible examination of the facts of corresponding case.
+4. Right to data portability
+In certain situations, listed in Art. 20 GDPR, you have the right to receive the personal data concerning you in a structured, common and machine-readable format or demand a transmission of the data to another third party.
+5. Right to object
+If the data is processed pursuant to Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR (data processing for the purposes of the legitimate interests of the data controller), you have the right to object to the processing at any time for reasons pertaining to your particular situation. We will then no longer process your personal data, unless there are demonstrably compelling legitimate grounds for processing it, which override your interests, rights and freedoms, or if the processing serves the purpose of asserting, exercising or defending legal claims.
+6. Automated decisions in individual cases including profiling
+As a website user you have the right not to be subject to a decision which has a legal effect on you or significantly affects you and which is based solely on an automated processing of your personal data. The legal basis is Art. 22 GDPR. Automated decision-making may be performed if it is necessary for entering into a contract or for the performance of a contract, a national derogation exists, or explicit consent is given. If any of the exceptions apply, we guarantee appropriate measures to safeguard your rights and freedoms.
+If you wish to exercise your rights, please contact our Data Protection team
+. You can find their
+contact details here
+.
+7. Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority
+Pursuant to Art. 77 GDPR, you have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority if you consider that the processing of the data concerning you infringes data protection regulations. The right to lodge a complaint may be invoked in particular in the Member State of your habitual residence, place of work or the place of the alleged infringement. In case you wish to approach the data protection authority at the location of the controller, please use the following contact details: Österreichische Datenschutzbehörde Barichgasse 40-42 1030 Wien, email: dsb@dsb.gv.at
+10. Complaints, Queries or Questions
+We invite you to contact us via
+our contact form
+. You can send us any complaints, queries or questions regarding your experience on our website or the processing of your personal data. We ask you to provide us with your name, email address and country to assign the information to your account. We additionally ask you to voluntarily provide us with your title and provide you with the option to upload a photo should you wish to do so. You will receive an answer on the email address you provided on the form.
+In order to follow up on your query, your personal data will be forwarded to the company responsible for the processing which is usually named in the imprint. In case your query relates to another company within our MAM Baby company group, we will make sure that the responsible company will contact you.
+With regard to your complaints, queries or questions we process your information based on your legitimate interest of providing you with a reply to your question (Art. 6 (1) f) GDPR). If you wish to conclude a contract with us or you have any questions regarding to your purchased products and you are a natural person, in those limited circumstances the legal basis for the processing is Art. 6 (1) b) GDPR.
+11. Business to Business Data
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+U R My Sunshine In Day & My Moon In Night (Kkb-Few shots) (shot 3) final shot
+U R My Sunshine in Day & My Moon In Night(KKb) shot 3(last shot):
+Thanq to my sweet sisieeeees & lovable frnds … ur support is my best gift& this is the last shot in this story.. so try to leave ur comment all the readers..this is my request.. u can show ur anger by telling ur view in comments… so, drop ur valuable comments.. sure ..i’l consider it..& don’t anger on me for this shot also.. I didn’t have enough time .. so, I didn’t add any songs in this shot.. for that forgive me.. & forgive me for my mistakes too.. don’t forget to leave ur sweet commets..
+Abhi’s POV:
+She hugged me!! & told me that she is loving me!!! After seeing the photos y she ran away!!! Is she mad or wat!!! I don’t want to pray God for anything!! But, for her!! now I’m praying!! Keep her safe!!.. I can’t bear if anything happens to her!!! that too because of she loves me!! I ran to take my car& drive it to her home!! Several thoughts are running in my mind!! A lady voice echoed in my mind !! ” again & again it’s running in mind!! I can’t control my tears… tears rolling from my eyes!! Now I only want pragya’s safety.. that’s it… I reached pragya’s home!! Nothing happened to her!! thank God!! There their convo brought me a smile in my face!!..
+Pragya: ma.. he is in love with some other girl ma.. (in a crying tone!!)
+Ma: pragya beta.. who r u talking about?
+Pragya: ma that nerd.. I told u na! 1 padipist in my gang.. I love to tease him.. & I like him.. but he is always used to study.. I told u all things.. but u r asking who is that!!.. not fair ma..
+Ma: oo.. that boy.. so what.. he loves somebody.. wat’s ur problem in that..
+Pragya:urrggg.. u can’t understand me ma.. how mean he is.. he is my imaginary guy.. I had shown u na?.. u know what!! he loves a girl exactly like me.. but, that girl wears chashma..i’m not wearing any chashma na!!but, I think, she is also a bookist.. nerd like him…1 minute I saw interchanged version of me & him..ma.. in all that photos that girl is like padipist.. & padipist is like me.. like teasing her.. made tounge out at her..winking at her.. anger at her.. keep books in her head.. he & his silly antics!! Like that ,several poses… in all poses he is somewat naughty like me..& they are too close to each other ma… I can feel their love in that photos itself!! tell me onething.. I have any twin sister .. ?& I lost her..?
+Her ma’s eyes filled with tear..
+Ma: beta.. u r asking about that imaginary person?.. u met him?.. when?..
+Pragya: ma.. I used to see him daily.. I forgot to say that I met him in my first day itself.. y r u crying for that.. see.. I thing that girl is no more in his life.. he is free only.. I can make him understand my love..
+Ma: pragya.. he didn’t say u anything?..
+Pragya: (with a confused look):no ma.. he did not told me anything.. u know ma.. he didn’t said “I love u too” wen I confessed my love to him just now..
+Me: I love u too my chashmish… my nerd.. !! my fuggy…!!
+I said with a smile & tears filled in my eyes!!…
+Pragya:wat r u blabbering.. I’m not that chashmish or nerd or fuggy.. look am I wearing any chashma!! No na?..i don’t have any books also& I don’t have any interest in all that!! so ,I’m not that girl.. got it padipist??.. (with an annoyed face..)
+Ma: abhisheik… how r u beta.. I don’t know whether I have the rights to ask u to forgive me.. but beta.. please forgive me..
+Me:ma.. why are u speaking like that.. at that situation even me also reacted like that only.. u r a good ma.. cared for pragya.. nothing wrong in that ma.. & don’t ask sry to me..
+Pragya:hey stop.. I thought u were drunk wen u r blabbered!!.. now.. it’s look like my ma also accompanied u.. u 2 r blabbering something.. that I couldn’t understand..
+Ma:u want to know who is he na..
+Pragya: ma I know he is my padippist..but I want to know who is that chashmish nerd girl.. if I saw her.. I’l beat her definitely how dare she leave him alone & making him this much padipist.. u know ma.. first time when I’m entering in to the class all boys were looking at me!! But that chashmish made him as a bookist.. he didn’t even looked at me!! She gave him well training!! purab said to me that he had changed because that girl left him!! Otherwise he is a cool guy & s great prankster!!& it’s also nice she left him!! That’s y he is going to be mine.. else he will be in that chashmish side na!!! then also I will beat her because of my jealous!! 😉 😉
+I could not control my self at her childish behavior!! She is jealous of herself!! I laughed out loud because of her pout!!!
+Pragya: maramanda!! (wooden head)why r u laughing now!!u don’t want to convey ur love to me!! Go from here!! Annoying anaconda!!! …
+Me:I won’t leave u!! I don’t want to do the same blunder again!!!
+Pragya: wat? Same blender?..
+Me: 1st time I left u… I suffered a lot without teasing u.. this time I’m not going to leave u.. I want u.. to irritate u, to tease u, to like u, to love u…
+Pragya: ma!! See him.. how he is blabbering!! Do u want a demad like him?.. no na?..
+Ma: abhisheik… I realized ur love for each other wen she draw ur face after that incident.. & asked me “is he related to me” that was the moment .. I failed as a mother .. I failed to fulfil her dreamlife.. her dream is always u.. but, I didn’t said her anything that time also..the loss of her life makes me to hide ur identity from her…
+Pragya: but ma.. he loves another girl… that chashmish..
+Ma: Beta.. u asked me so many times… u r missing something in ur life.. & wat is that!!
+Pragya:ya !! I asked!!but u told me nothing na..
+Ma:I’m sry beta.. because of ur health I said like that.. & s.. u missed his love in ur life after that accident…
+Pragya: y ma!! Y u did this to me.. wenever I asked u said nothing na!! I believed in u ma.. y u did this… y u did this to abhisheik… he suffered a lot because of me!!
+Ma: that time I don’t want to stress u pragya!! I want u to get well soon.. more over doctor said me not to give any stress to u.. for every mother her daughters life is more than anything na..
+She said while crying… now pragya also crying..
+Me: ma.. don’t worry.. I will take care of her.. may I take her somewhere…?
+Ma nodded her head in okay…
+I saw pragya & gestured to come with me.. I drove my car to beech.. she loves beech.. beech was& is her fav place… during the drive.. we both were silent.. we reached beech.. a smile appeared in her face..
+Me: u know.. how much u r changed!!
+Pragya: I want to know.. wat’s between us?..
+Me: I will tell u fuggy.. but,promise me.. u won’t interrupt it…
+Pragya: pinky promise .. tell me..
+I started to narrate whatever happened in our life to her.. she started to listen me..
+Me: U R MY SUNSHINE IN DAY & MY MOON IN NIGHT PRAGYA.. u r the only thought in my day & night.. I saw u in our U.G first year.. u know wat.. u r the topper in our class.. always u used to study & I’m attracted by ur four eyes… (smiled lightly) u wore chashma that days.. u always prefer last bench to sit.. but, ur bad luck.. I also prefer last bench .. though we had enough place to sit we used to fight for same place.!! My intension was to tease u.. & ur’s was without any disturbance u can carry on with ur work!! But, I won’t leave u for a single minute.. slowly u also started to like my antics.. ya it’s true.. u fell in love with me at first sight.. but, u didn’t shown up that… while saying this she started to ask question.. “wat u said..i loved u that also love at first sight .. on top of that u said I’m nerd.. I know.. these all r lies.. r u trying to make me to believe all this craps!! Listen bookist.. I won’t believe.. ” she said with her eyes full of confusion!! “I said u not to interrupt u.. whatever I’m saying is tru.. shal I continue or go?..” I asked with an acting angry..”okay okay .. say truth only..” she said.. I smiled & continued.. haa.. then u also liked my company.. we used to go everywhere as a pair.. & we r not confessed to each other.. but, u know.. I love u & I know u love me.. I don’t know y we were not confessed to each other.. I used to hide ur books.. & u know that but pretend to search ur book & in that way u curse me like who hide ur book will get imposition from staffs or his mobile will get cracked or his laptop will get full of virus.. like wise u started to curse me with a smile.. atlast I gave up & give ur book by saying for this silly book u r cursing my mob, lap, ipad & even guitar.. better u marry this book& run ur life with this idiot…. i used to say like this… u smile for that.. u bring lunch for me also.. but, I prefer urs .. so, I used to eat up the first tiffen box fastly & I’l share ur’s too by saying still I’m hungry.. u know the reason for that too.. but, u pretend like u won’t like to share.. but, I pulled ur tiffen & eat .. then u will say u r hungry .. I say like” teachers not taught u!! sharing!! (teacher solli kodukala .. sharing!!)” then, we both ended up in sharing that tiffen to.. but, u didn’t shown up that u r loving that sharing…. ya.. I wanted to share ur both happiness & sadness.. in our U.G. I always used to tease u.. no day without teasing u.. but, for that u r teasing me & taking revenge from me now… I used to tease ur fav professors also.. I used to give them names.. & I used to give names to u too… wenever I give name to u..u behaved like u r annoyed but, I know.. u loved it.. I will call u sometimes chashmish, fuggy, nerdy, silly, scary cat, book worm,borin professor, lecturer, chilly,slimy, sticky, scale, skeleton eggy eyesii(mutta kanni),sincere sigamani like that… I used to say about my school friends to u.. how we are bonded.. & how purab is responsible.. how bulbul is behaving like a child.. how they are attracted..how tanu was used to try different make ups & scared us .. how nikil started to follow her & all .. whenever I say about them & their incidents & all u used to hear it with full concentration.. also u go to my school life while I’m narrating about them… I used to tell u about my dreams to become a rockstar….& u motivated me.. u r my support pragya.. now & then… I told u about my parents accident & how I love them… wenever I felt sad u r the one who pacified me.. with u I feel like I have everything.. without u.. I’m nothing fuggy.. our U.G life is the best part in my life… I don’t know how that 3 years passed… last day of our college…the day I won’t forget! & it’s the day I lost my chashmish… ya now, u r not wearing that chashma na.. now I’m seeing different avatar of my chasmish.. my fuggy.. u r too naughty now.. this is the way I used to do with u in our U.G….time changes.. but, not our love.. our college last day brings me the most happiness & most sadness to me.. yes.. U confessed ur love & I lost u… not completely but partially.. u lost ur memory.. & yes u r a memory loss patient now that u know na!!.. u forgot me by mind but not by heart.. still ur heart is beating for me.. that’s y u draw my face whenever u started to draw…
+The last day of our college!!!
+Pragya: abhisheik wait.. I’l join u..
+We started to walk in the road..
+Me: tell me wat chashmish???..
+Pragya: I have some thing to tell u..
+Me:that’s y I’m asking u dear!!..
+Pragya: I have some dreams abhisheik.. u have to reach great heights in ur life.. we can do P.G in same college with ur friends…. & u can start to sing also na..
+Me: hmm.. chashmish.. u have said this more than 100 times like this.. & I promised u na .. I’l do my P.G also.. come to the matter now..
+I know u r going to tell me that u like me.. & u will miss me.. but to my surprise u proposed me..
+Pragya: i..
+Me: u..
+Pragya: i…
+Me: u r going to tell that u like me & u will miss me after this day !!!
+Pragya: no..
+Me:Then u don’t like me& don’t miss me ya ?..
+Pragya: yes I just don’t like u .. but I love u abhisheik.. I won’t miss u at any cost!!I don’t want to lose u.. I love u to the core.. I can’t spent my life without u..
+U said to me while closing ur eyes & then u hugged me.. I hugged u back..
+Me: I didn’t expected this from u..
+I said because I really didn’t expected that u will propose me in this night with full moon. While walking in a lonely road.. the road without anyone except us… I really enjoyed this moment.. I want to struck in this moment..i want to stop this moment..
+She pulled her back & said..
+Pragya: yes I know.. u will get a better girl than me.. I’m a nerd to u na.. I’m a stupid I know..
+U crossed the road & started to run from there ,U didn’t give me the chance to speak & I called pragya .. U turned & asked
+Pragya:what u r going to tell me now..
+U asked while running away from me..
+Me: i want u tell u that I love u from my bottom of my heart.. I didn’t expected that my nerd chashmish will propose me at first.. I thought I will propose u first… that’s y I said I didn’t expect this from u….
+I shouted from by bottom of my stomach & U turned & said.. I know u love mee.. but.. want to hear it from ur mouth & then running towards me..that time a truck came & striked U.. Tat’s it….. U fell down with blood covered body.. Ur last word was “Abhisheeeeeikkkk”.. I lost my balance & called u… chashmish… come with me.. chashmish.. get up.. I won’t leave u.. get up.. we will start a new life I said while I cried & carried U.. we reached hospital by someone’s help.. I informed Ur ma & pa about the accident.. treatment is going on & doctor said me that nothing to worry.. U had crossed critical stage.. then only I can feel my breath.. my pragya is with me only.. I engrossed myself in Ur thoughts..
+Ur ma came to me & asked
+Ma: is she proposed u? that’s y she is like this..
+Me: ( nodded my head in agreement..)
+Ma:!!
+I cried a lot because of her words& pragya is in this position because of me.. y this is happening to me.. at that time nurse came & said patient got conscious.. u can see her without disturbing her..
+I tried to go there.. but ur ma stopped me ..
+I stood near the door..
+Ma: beta pragya! How r u now.. u r okay na..
+She said while crying.. but, U didn’t utter anything.. then asked..
+Pragya:ya ma .. I’m okay.. wat happened to me??..
+Ma: while ur coming from college a truck hit u..
+Pragya: (with a confused look..) wat college??..am I studying in college?..
+Ma: beta.. u didn’t remember anything.. today is ur last day of college..
+(with a tension filled face..)
+Pragya: ma.. I can’t remember anything… till 10th std I can remember.. after that…. I can’t …
+Ma: wat r u telling pragya??…. suniye.. call doctor.. quick..
+Doctor came & checked u.. & said that u r suffered by partial memory loss.. because of that accident.. don’t stress her to remind anything.. it may give her pressure & leads to brain stroke.. so careful when handle her.. her memory will back .. may be in 1 month or 6 months or years even there is a chance to not getting her memory back..
+I stood numb.. is pragya forget her 5 yrs of life?.. then how can she remember me.. y it is happening to me.. first u took my ma&pa from me.. now, my pragya is suffering because of me.. I’m the reason for her condition..ma came to me & asked..
+Ma: now u r happy na.. she lost hey 5 years of memory because of a single reason that she loved u.. now.. y r u here.. u want to her to die or wat?..
+Me:please don’t say like that.. I can’t bear that.. I will go away from her.. I won’t disturb her .. but I truly love her a lot.. I know one day she will back to me.. & say me that I love u.. until that I won’t cross her life.. I promise u .. I won’t try to speak with her.. I won’t give any stress to her..I have trust in my love..she will speak with me.. she will join me.. she will back to me.. & ask me to be with her.. I know .. it will happen.. &one more thing where ever she may be… I love her..& she loves me.. u can’t change this.. I don’t want to play with my pragya’s life..that’s y I’m going far away from her.. but, u will feel when she ask u about me..
+I made a promise to ur ma.. I won’t cross ur life.. because I too felt that I’m unlucky to u… that’s y I didn’t told anything u about our past.. but, today u told me that u love me… & it made my day… the 1 year without u is my hell.. I made a promise to u na!! I’l do my P.G. with U, purab ,bulbul,tanu &nikil… that’s y I joined in P.G. all 4 knew that there is a girl in my life..& she used to study every time.. & I lost her because of some situation.. but they don’t know that is u.. I changed myself like u.. “because I want every U in each & every me..” that’s y I started to study like u.. I love u na… that makes me to love ur books…they knew that change is because of that girl.. only u r not physically present.. but, mentally u r with me in all means… I wanted u badly… but, I don’t want to risk ur life too.. & I promised ur ma na.. so, I became silent… but destiny have other plans to us.. the hell of my life became heaven.. wen I saw in my class… “may I come in sir” u asked na?…. it took no time to found me.. that is u… My head up to see my lady love after nearly 1&1/2 years… there is little changes in u.. u didn’t wore ur chashma… the identity of my chashmish… I freezed at the moment… I looked down because I didn’t control my happy tears.. because u came back to me..i want u to join in my gang sry our gang.. to my surprise u sat near bulbul..mentally I jumped like an idiot… that 1 period I don’t know.. how it gone!! I was totally in shock… after that period.. u started to speak as if u known all of them.. & u asked about me… & u teased that double battery also.. u easily mingled with all 4.. I saw me in u… wat all the things I used to do are now done by u.. u became very jovial.. fun loving girl.. I want to became like u .. that’s y I started to study like u& in some other things also I used to do like u .. my memory is not lost.. but, even though u lost ur memory with me.. , U used to do all things like me.. I was like dumbstruck by ur activities.. how can u manage to attract myself towards u.. I don’t know.. whether I have to worry because I miss my nerd chashmish or I have to happie because u didn’t forgot me by ur heart eventhough u lost ur memory.. I’m in all ur activities.. I’m in U… wat u r doing to me fuggy?… & in canteen… I want to taste ur bajji.. but, I can’t ask na.. but, u took my bajji & tasted it.. I was like super duber happie.. & for that I put fight with u & pull that bajji & tasted it after I went from ur eyesight.. that was like my several days hunger was satisfied my ur tasted bajji.. & I admire U wen u r doing some silly things like hiding others fav property.. u don’t have any idea that a pair of eyes always watching u…during our group study.. I really had hard time with u.. I can’t control myself from u.. as u know the two pairs are always busy in their talks.. but, I can’t talk to u like that.. wenever I try to talk to u ur ma & my promise came into my mind.. & I stopped myself…I always used to come college earlier to sit in ur place.. that give some calmness..& I missing u na..so I spent some time there.. in that second sem first day (first day’s previous day..)I was really surprised to see u there.. & I was like flying in air.. I don’t know.. y u came there.. but, I know, u also started to have feelings for me.. but, I waited for that moment.. u will tell me.. so, we started to speak & u again made me to laugh by ur idiotic thing!! U came before one day!! There the boys came na!! how dare..he told that U r going to their prey.. I can’t control myself.. so, I beated him blue & black.. & I don’t want u to interfere in that matter too.. I can face it na.. you told me something like if u r hero then okay to take film… & went from there.. I smiled at u.. then 1 week suspend..i missed u that week.. because I can’t come to college na.. but I followed u until u reach home without ur knowledge.. then sem mark.. that day.. I really went to heaven.. because I saw ur happiness.. that too because of me.. I felt satisfied.. u pulled my hand for handshake.. I gave my hand to u.. I really enjoyed that moment & shocked to see ur shyness was no more.. I snap back to reality .. then I went from there.. because I’m unlucky to u.. then in canteen u told purab,bulbul,nikil& tanu that u r a burden to me.. I know I’m the one who is burden to u.. why u talk like this.. & I convinced u to do the project with me.. thank god.. u agreed.. I was on ninth cloud.. because I can spent more time only with u like our U.G… I want to see ur fuggy face.. tat’s y I gave u all works& while u r doing ur works.. I admired u… wenever u r doing works u engrossed in ur work like always.. & I loved to see ur dedication towards ur work & u always talked like a silly girl through out our project.. one day I was angry at u.. because u hide my book.. s .. I angered.. because that book was full of ur names.. that written by me.. so, I have no intention to make u stress.. that’s y I said.. u r burden to me.. then only u give that book.. but, wen I know that .. I forgot my book in that double battery’s table.. I felt guilty.. so asked sry.. & then u said about ur madona’s secret of hide things& got caught by our beloved frnds… u said that u don’t leave me.. I happily said.. try it… ya.. ur sentence made me to smile in through out the day.. that day purab told me that u invited us to home.. but, I was fear to face ur ma.. so, I didn’t came.. & that day passed.. after that farewell day.. all were emotional & enjoying the programs too.. I sung a song for our group & another song for u.. my love of life.. & throughout the song.. I looked into ur eyes.. I saw several questions in ur eyes… but, after that I was busy in making some arrangements.. & came to see ur performance wen ur name called by the host… u r talented I know.. u like sand art.. that too I know.. & atlast u ended up in my face.. I can’t stand there due to my happiness.. & also felt sad that this time also I can’t say u howmuch I love u.. I went from there & walking to home.. on the way I heard a voice.. help.. & it’s ur voice..so I rushed to u..only to see an idiot beating u.. I fought with them & took u to my home.. I went to take water .. wen I came back to u .. u r not there.. & I saw my room way.. u r there ..going to open my room door.. I said don’t open the door.. like always u opposed me & going to open it.. I scolded u.. & u hugged me & said u love me.. I was like the happiest man in the world that time… so, I don’t worry about any promise now.. the time to reveal our truth is came.. & I opened the door.. to show u how much I love u… but, U the queen of idiots took it in a wrong manner & went like before.. always same while u proposed me first also u closed ur eyes & hugged me.. & without knowing my reaction u went from there… this time also u did the same.. I prayed to God.. nothing will happen to u.. I was like travelling to hell by ur activity.. but, wen I heard ur convo with ma I forgot everything & admired u how u jealous of my chashmish..then u know… wat happened !! now we are here… in ur fav beech!!! That’s all about us…
+I finished my narration & looked at her.. her eyes filled with tears.. she ran to me & hugged me like no other tomorrow is ther in the world… we stayed for some times like that..
+Pragya: u miss that chashmish now?.. u don’t like me..
+Me: ya.. I miss my chashmish.. & I don’t want to miss u too… s.. I just not like u.. but love u … I love u.. how ever u r.. I love u.. I spent my life for u.. I love u in every beats of my heart…
+Pragya: love u toooo nerd.. u r my sunshine in day & my moon in night.. without u .. I’m nothing… want to spend rest of my life with u padipist!!!! U R My LUCKY CHAMP….
+~~~~ THE END~~~ for this story.. But not their love…!!!
+Thanq all of u my dears readers .. to spent ur valuable time to read it!.. I wish.. I entertained u by my story!! leave ur comment.. & tell me if I’m bored then I will try to write in a better manner.. love u all.. & I’l try to come up with another story… once again than q sweet hearts!! Keep reading! Keep smiling! Keep commenting!! Miss u… please forgive me if I bored u by this story…
+Wat a love story sis…I eyes were filles with tears while I reading the fb start….really happy to see abhi’s this much towards pragya….I m dumbstruck no words to express my feelings….I really enjoyed each and every activities of abhi around pragya…bt I didn’t expect this kind of twist… really a nice twist….when I saw ur update a smile framed in my face….bt the next second when I saw this is the last update I really felt disappointed… I m really going to miss this ff….pls come back another ff…its an order from your sweet sis….going to miss you so much…pls come back soon….waiting for you…love you so much nivi sis…lots of kissess to you…take care your health… bye sis….
+than q my dear sweety!!! u r my sweet sis na… ur order is in process dear.. i’ m thinking of a story… hope i will come back soon… miss u toooooo my dear!!!luv u da!!! lots of kisses & hugs to u sweety heart!!! 😉 🙂
+Wow..wow…awesomeeeeeeee epi Akka. ..as usual u rocked it…
+Abhi’s first love is pragya. …superb twist….semma Akka. ..
+Such a lovely story….chanceless…aww pragu..this much jealous…that was funny.. ..i loved it to the coreeee. ..superboamazing ….all scene are awesome…u nailed it…i will miss this ff…hope you come back soon….neenga kandippa innoru storyoda varanum Akka…varringa. …nanga ungalukkaga wait pannuvom Akka. .gonna miss you a lot..come back soon pls…love you sooo much Akka. ..lott of hugs and kisses to you Akka. .take care of yourself….??
+Superrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr………… I really loved it to the core……..
+than q dear:) glad u loved it… 🙂
+AWESOMELYYYYYYYYY AWESOMEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LOVED IT SOOOOOOO MUCHHHHHHHHHH SISSY???????????
+than q reshu sis…!!!!! glad u liked it!!! 🙂
+Fanstastic love story….I never expect this kind of love story from you….its really amazing…really very emotional…..I really loved it…you are the best writer like others….excellent finishing….very nice….
+than q sowji sis… !! i’m glad that u loved it:) than q for ur compliment!!!!:)
+Awesome dear…. Love it….
+than q dear!!! 🙂 🙂
+wat a storyyy yaarrrr its just awesomeeeeee Awesomeeeeee awesome to te core i loved it soooooo muchhh suprrrr twist nd lovd tis pragya………haha jealous of herself……just suprrbbbb…….waitng fr ur nxt wrk………..
+than q krish!!! 🙂 & i will try to come up with a story… as soon as possible… 🙂
+wowww what a episode akka it was superb when i woke in the morn and check TU i saw ur update i just did a mini dance and honestly speaking ur update made my day akka it was beyond awesome… and padipist pragya is superbb and but i love this padipist abhi. one we cant even imagine and how sweet he changed himself for his pragya that was too too too good loved it a lot…. this love story is surely my book mark akka whenever i feel low or depressed i will surely read this to change my mood as it has the magic to change me and this is ur last shot i thought u will expand this but u didnt but its ok i know u will update one more know??? pinky promise??? abhi and pragya’s never ending is the highlight really really loved it akka i have no words to say it just one biggggg hug and muahhhhhhhhhh love u akk take care keep smiling always and dont forget here is a crazy fan cum sister cum trouble is waiting for ur next fiction love u…..
+thanq my dear!!!! glad u liked it!!!:) & s.. i’l come up with another story!!! pinky promise da!!! ummmmmmaaahhhhh& tight hug to u!!!! 😉 😉 love u toooooo da…. take care da… keep smiling!!! & i won’t forget u!!!!!! my dear!!! 🙂 🙂
+Ah Nivi konnutae ma… First class live story with a whole lot of emotions… * Hidden emotions* I loved it and I mean it
+than q dear !!!! 🙂 🙂 glad u loved it:) 🙂
+wow sis your are awesome writer semma twist akka from the starting itself pragya’s memory loss Abhigya’s love story is awesome all the fb scenes are superb such a wonderful love story and abhi POV full of love pain sacrifice you gave new life to all the characters pragya and mom scene is cute abhi conversation is so touching their interchange of characters proved their true love
+only the sad part is you ended it this an unforgettable story no words to describe your are a great writer akka keep rocking come soon with other story
+than q dear!!!! than q sooooooo much for ur love & support dear!!! 🙂 🙂 glad u loved it!!! i will try to come up with a new story da!!!
+Omg ???????????.I loved each an every line n this ff.ur really a great writer.This s one of the best story wch i read n this tu.keep writing dr.it was really awesome.I enjoyed to the core???.Be happy
+than q dear!!!! 🙂 :)… glad u liked it!!!
+Oh dear u ended it soooooooooooo soon… This FF is short but lovely, lively, amazing, awesome, cute, funny, fantabulous and emotional too…. I have no more words to appreciate ur writing dear…… Pls be back soon with another one…
+than q dear lotus!!! i will come back dear!!! 🙂 🙂
+awesome n super hit movie dear
+thanx alootttttt diiii:) 🙂
+Woowwww awesome episode……. sissy
+than q sis… 🙂 🙂
+waaaaw this twist was an unpredictable one dear u rock it sweetness but why do u wish to end it soon,,, plzzz hope u would come up with a different one love uuuuu
+than q dear!!!… i have planned this much only.. that’s y… hope i will come with other story… love u dear:)
+this is the loveliest one i have ever read. i read this thrice already and gng to read it again.
+i cant help. this one actually melted my heart.
+lovely, lovely, lovely…
+abhi’s love towards pragya❤️❤️
+every girl should actually be loved for what she is…and abhi did the same. the way abhi described how he wanted to be with her every minute…that actually killed me.
+the way he saw that he is in pragya, in thoughts, in activities, in drawings, in talks…everything shows how much he loves pragya. the way he changed himself for
+pragya…i love him for that. this shots as actually shown what a person can do for his love.
+abhi never wanted to leave pragya, but for one promise and for her safety, he was far from her. the line where he mentions that he cried putting his head down, after he saw her in his class again…i literally lost myself. the time when he admires her funny antics, the way he used to admire his old fuggy, actually made a huge impact.
+pragya, the way she actually confessed her love again…that was simply lovely. the way she reacts…that was awesome.
+on the whole, it was simply beautiful and B-E-A-U-T-I-F-U-L!!!
+i didnt think that it will be the lost shot, but still it ended beautifully. i am surely going to miss your lovely writings. i will miss your awesome songs…i will miss YOU??
+i definitely want you to come back…pls akka. dont make me cry.
+love u so muchhhhhh❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
+dont panic seeing the big comment. all i wanted to say is that i love this and it is true…
+and love u too, so much, i mean it…
+Awww sweetie you make everyone’s day…
+than x alotttttttttt baby gal & prathiii…. 🙂 🙂 i don’t knoe baby gal… whether this shot is this much worth or not.. but by ur comment i came to know i didn’t sothapify the story… 😉 😉 than q for ur love dear!… & prathi said that u & prathi will be off to TU.. i will miss both of u & ur writings….. & baby gal… study well… & score gud marks!!! alllllll the very best!!!… prathi… wen u r free update some shots!!!! love u baby gal♥♥….. going to miss u for months!!!!:( 🙁
+really really awesome story dear.wow superb love story
+than x a lottt dear!!! 🙂 🙂
+Newsletter
+2020 Reflections
+Choose Joy!
+What a year it has been. I guess we could just start and finish with that statement, but in doing so we would miss the opportunity to share all the things for which we are grateful and the lessons learned during 2020. As I sit here reflecting on the 2020 theme of ‘Choose Joy’ I am struck by the poignancy, given that the theme was chosen in December 2019 long before the start of the pandemic. It is amazing to me how often these annual horsemanship themes have played such valuable roles in my life. For 2020 I found myself time after time ‘choosing joy’ and when the world moved into despair, it was again horses and friends that brought me back to joyful gratitude. Makes ya think there just might be a plan! So here we go…a few items that stick out for my 2020 horsemanship (life?) journey:
+The year started out so well with skiing Thursdays, Friday, and Sunday every week. Susan has turned into an absolute ski bum and makes sure that we get up and head to the mountain for first tracks. Great enthusiasm for truly a sport she took up in earnest at age 63!
+As spring and summer set in, we set out to enjoy the living quarters horse trailer and some
+great rides with the horses in the mountains near Haines. No traveling with LQ but camped at the park near where we use to feed the elk. Our friend Rachel and her dog Copper accompanied us in their little trailer. Rachel rode one of our horses, Rocio, which freed me up to put some valuable time on the little 4-yr. old, Adagio. We figure between the camping and just riding trips to the mountains we covered over 300 miles. So much fun, laughs, and being “IN” nature…surrounded by it, observing its wonder, and sharing with happy horses that constantly give back. What a treat… What joy…What freedom!
+My big lesson for 2020 was related to being in the moment and constantly reflecting on just how fortunate I am. Looking at all the turmoil, sadness, and true despair happening in the greater world, the divisiveness of the election, and need for empathy…at times I found myself embarrassed by my personal good fortune. In the end I realize that developing true caring, taking action to help others, and forgiveness moving to healing, comes from within. It comes from ‘choosing joy’ first and then moving forward. Sounds like a horsemanship lesson plan. Once again, the horses are guiding the way to seek balance in all that we do!
+Most of all for 2020 Susan and I have been simply grateful. Our health is good, we are surrounded by an amazing environment, blessed with horses, kitty cats, and wildlife that continue to guide us daily, and fortunately a small group of friends who made up our safe bubble. With this list we are full of gratitude for all that we have been given.
+We ‘choose joy’!
+As we look forward to 2021 with hope – FULLnes, I am listening to the horses for the 2021 horsemanship theme. Here’s what is resonating:
+Reflect and Rejoice Daily!
+May this find you all with a moment of joy in your lives, and our wish is for that joy, reflection, and rejoicing to continue daily in the New Year. Alice and Susan
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+2019 Reflections
+Be Open to ‘Being in Love’
+As I sat last month listening to Christmas music, sipping a cup a tea, and watching the wind blow the trees outside, I was drawn to so many random thoughts about all that transpired in during the year of 2019. Loyalty…Friendship…Simplicity…Gratitude were just a few of the themes whirling around like leafs trying to find that perfect place to land with a measure of grace-fullness and expression. Unlike reflections of years past, I am having some trouble truly connecting all the dots to see how the 2019 horsemanship theme of ‘Openness to being In Love’ played out in my life.
+The year started with major changes in my life, my passions, my employment, even my identity. After 35 years of service to the eastern Oregon visitor industry I was asked to resign, having been informed that it was felt I could no longer provide the leadership the organization was seeking. It was a blow in so many ways, and quite frankly one that I still have moments of anger and a small amount of resentment. I had dedicated a large measure of my self-worth and identity to my passion of sharing and developing our eastern Oregon story for visitors in a way that honored the beauty and heritage of this place I call home.
+It took time, along with some truly incredible friends, as well as my horses, to come out of the fog and begin to recognize that the theme selected for this year was actually the
+balm needed to heal and thrive. Quite simply I
+needed to reflect, minute by minute, on the value of simply being open to be ‘In Love’ – surrounded by it; sharing it; letting go of the anger, and seeking a place ‘Of Love’.
+The horses were my faithful comrades in this journey. I had so many wonderful rides in the mountains above our amazing home here in Haines. I loved being with my horse and friends in the meadow above Halfway by day and dancing at Pine Fest by night. During the ‘Land of the Dorrence’ experiences, I could feel the heritage of region while seeing the Wallowas at my right, the Seven Devils to my left, and the Zumwalt Prairie rolling out in front. As my friend Juni Fisher sings…I saw the world not just through the ears of my horse, but also through their eyes. Moment by moment. Giving time to just ‘Be’. Allowing myself the opportunity to be ‘In Love’. What started out as a year in despair turned into a year of wonderful introspection to explore the depths of the word ‘Love’, and relaxing to listen to the answers minute by minute.
+So what has been resonating for the theme worthy of year-long reflection of 2020? What could we focus upon for our personal life and horsemanship journey? Well this concept congealed a few weeks ago while listening to a sermon at our little Haines church. We had been talking about the truly difficult circumstance folks faced in the early days of the Christian faith. Their daily lives involved persecution and starvation, political discord, imprisonment for what they believed or the color of their skin. Sounds like the unrest of our world today! And yet, those folks made a decision to ‘Choose Joy’. It is amazing the outcome, if we just decide to not get roped in and then dally-up around the horn of hate. So in 2020, I am going to try to ‘Choose Joy’ when I feel myself going in directions that don’t serve my heart, my soul, my being – well. I invite you to…
+CHOOSE JOY!
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+2018 Reflections
+~ Seeking Peace ~
+Oh what a ride in pursuing the 2018 horsemanship theme of…Seeking Peace. It seems to me that it was around every corner, in every aspect of my life, and more than I care to admit, I found my internal voice saying, “I’ll be at peace once everything falls into place”, rather than listening to the horses and friends – my true spirit – saying “Start with peace, then everything will fall into place”. Time and again however, I was gently reminded to take that deep breath, look around at all of the things for which we have to be grateful, go back to basics, seek ‘balance’, and amazingly…Peace was found!
+It is not with surprise that those are the very themes that have become true to me after completing six years of Horse Study. I have witnessed an incredible group of seven women, who are now graduates, as they committed to a four -year plan to study the horse. The insight, wisdom, and knowledge that we all shared in this journey will forever change and shape our lives. I am extremely proud to have been allowed to share, and that you and your horses were kind enough to stick with me, even though at times my blankets had a burr or two, the ground poles seemed high, and my ‘musical elements’ were out of rhythm. You were there; You showed up; You remained loyal and together we experienced developing the ‘Art of Horsemanship’. Thank you!
+Now as we turn to 2019, what are the horses saying we should focus upon for this upcoming year. What are those little gems of wisdom we need to recall, reconsider in our daily lives, while being open to new understandings, new directions and paths? What is a theme we can return to daily to ground us, guide us, and ultimately repair and replenish us?
+Well here is what is resonating with me … Be open to being “In Love”.
+Think about for a while, then get back to me with you thoughts. I am anxious to find myself in a state of ‘being in love’…surrounded by good energy filled with gratitude, hope, strength, and in a state of peace.
+I look forward to riding with you all in 2019. I invite you to come be ‘In Love’.
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+2017 Reflections
+~ Seeking Lightness and Joy ~
+My journey during 2017 in ‘Seeking Lightness and Joy’ has been centered on two primary
+influences. First, the wonderful experiences gained through our Horse Study course coupled with the wisdom created by those amazing women and their horses. Second, my huge gratitude to Bettina Drummond and the Association for the Promotion of the Art of Horsemanship in America (APAHA).
+2017 marks the graduation of the first class to complete a four year Horse Study. None of us would have painted this exact picture envisioning what we would learn, how it would change our lives, and full range of emotions that we have experienced, as we made the commitment in 2013. What a RIDE! Here are my final comments for each graduate…A combination of four years worth of ‘One Simple Things’:
+Janine Franco ~ Your application of the principles created such beautiful success in true partnership with your horses.
+Peggy Brennan ~ Your utter dedication to Ben (her mule) and constantly seeking to apply, feel, analyze, change, adjust, and grow will be inspirational to me always.
+Arylnn Hacker ~ What an amazing journey! My admiration for your commitment to Sprite (her horse), to studying, and finding what resonates between you and your horse is very deep. Thank you for sticking with me!
+Betsy May Crawford ~ Your deep love of the horse, and ability to listening to what they are saying as individuals, then applying with care, is your path to true horsemanship. Happy teams created!
+Susan Triplett ~ I so enjoyed seeing your personal ‘attitude journey’ grow and evolve to establish an ever deepened appreciation of what the horse gives to you, in becoming a better human, and recognizing the pure joy of accomplishment, no matter how small.
+My journey for ‘Seeking Lightness and Joy’ with my horses is very tightly wrapped up in my interaction with all of the amazing women and their horses that are involved with Horse Study. While this is not the end of the trail for our 2017 graduates, nor will it be for those graduating in 2018, it is the recognition that we have influenced one-anothers lives, and by so doing have created pathways to look for joy in all situations. We have given each other tools such as simply hearing the word BREATHE to give back in a tense moment or tight feeling. We have pushed ourselves to read, watch, study, and observe, then struggle to apply, and finally felt the joy of finding at least a moment of lightness…In movement, in attitude, in emotion, and in spirit. Yes, Horse Study has helped me to find joy and lightness, and I will be forever grateful.
+Now, I know you are waiting with anticipation regarding the 2018 T&T Horsemanship theme. What will Alice be asking us to examine at every lesson next year? What will she be obsessed with as we look at our horse and human relationships? Well here it is…
+Peace Be WITH You.
+Start thinking about it. I can’t wait to explore together with you in 2018.
+Alice
+Read More…
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Reflections on 2016
+~ Seeking Thin Places ~
+In 2016 our annual theme to contemplate was ‘Seeking Thin Places’. It was an incredible year and what we discovered is that once you decide to find ‘Thin Places’ with the help of horses, it transforms your perspectives, your attitudes, and your realities.
+What is a thin place? A thin place is a place of energy. A place where the veil between this world and the eternal world is thin. Here is just a small portion of the wisdom that came from seeking thin place
+s:
+- Take longer and work really, really slow
+- Find ways to say “Yes” and to redirect the “No”
+- Words and their pictures create the intentions of your day/the moment
+- I loved these words with pictures: Allow, Patience, Perception to see the positive, stay present with a ‘soft focus’, confidence
+- It’s our responsibility to answer “Why”, to ask “Please”, to keep a smile, and to say “Thank you”
+- Slow down and pay attention
+- Don’t steal the horse’s opportunity to comply
+- Contact is about inviting the horse to come into communion with you
+- Communion is a two-way conversation, with responsibilities to communicate on each side
+- Soft Eyes + Soft Heart + Soft Hands = Soft Feel
+- Every step counts
+- Momentum is our friend!
+- Expectations can lead to the experience becoming a chore
+- Horsemanship is fluid. It bleeds.
+What an amazing world we live in, and what an opportunity we have to listen and learn and reflect, if we seek those ‘thin places’ where energy and the seeking of knowledge come together. Where we hear the voices of those on the other side of the veil and their spirit gives us direction. Listen…A life well-lived with the help of horses is calling!
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Trust in the Path ~ Reflections on 2015
+Sitting here, one day before Thanksgiving, I find myself reflecting on many aspects of this past year, and on this particular day – the day that our faithful horse Chance got his wings – I am truly needing to believe in the 2015 theme of Trusting in the Path. This is not a new theme for T&T and I am quite sure it was a voice I needed to hear throughout this entire year.
+We said farewell to my wonderful teacher Riddle this fall also. We raised her and from the time she was born she had a presence. Her horseanality was one of confidence, with a stride that could keep up with the Walkers, and a trusting attitude that always made me look so good. I remember a clinic in Corvallis, Oregon about 18 years ago, where Riddle and I were doing a presentation. Afterwards someone said of her,
+“That’s a push-button horse”. My friend Adelle commented back to the statement, “And Alice put every button in there”. I swelled with pride as I knew that Riddle was there as “MY” horse, and wanted both of us to do well. We had come to that place, that moment, together. She left this world to do some more teaching up in heaven, I am sure of it! All that she taught me and all we shared together allow me to Trust in the Path, even though my heart breaks.
+When Chance came to us, it was meant to be! About twelve years ago we held a Colt Starting clinic in Haines. A neighbor attended, bringing Chance, an 8 year old grey Arab-Quarterhorse gelding, that had been started at age 4, but didn’t have much work since that beginning. He was a gem! Beautiful black eyes, soft in his attitude and heart, with a real desire to do the right thing. The owner, Pat, sensed that there was a connection between Chance and Susan, and we were gifted this amazing horse. Over the years he never made a wrong move. He was Sabio’s best buddy, and these last couple of years, he was a great teacher to hesitant riders. This summer he was Carla’s savior by reintroducing her to the joys of riding outside the arena, in the mountains, with nature. What an incredible lightness he is taking into heaven, and I will love picturing him as that point of light, showing the way, allowing both Susan and I to Trust in the Path.
+Read More…
+Reflections on 2015 ~ T&T Newsletter
+Back in March 2014, I wrote a short piece for MDJ on my journey to a $5M net worth by 50. See: “Lessons from a 50 Year Old Multi-Millionaire.”’s a quick update. I’ve kept to my plan and have a NW of $7.1M as of September 2, 2016. My goal is to hit the deca-millionaire mark within the next 5 years (how to calculate net worth).
+As a brief re-introduction, I’m a recovering “save-oholic” along with my wife of nearly 25 years. I’m a school principal and my wife is a teacher. We’ve worked in education since our late 20s and are approaching the age at which we could retire early. I would kindly refer readers to my original article and the Q&A that follows it to get more background into my situation, philosophies, and approach.
+The last few years have been quite good for our net worth growth. We gained $857K in 2014, $600K in 2015, and are up by $721K in 2016 so far. I don’t want to jinx myself but I might be on track to possibly increase the NW by $1M or more in 2016.
+Net Worth
+Our largest asset is the investment portfolio ($6.5M), but I also have a primary residence (~$500K value), some cash on hand (~$60K) and three vehicles (~$35K value). We have done well with our personal real estate over the years having lived in areas with generally rising real estate markets and selling our first house after a nearly 50% gain in just 3 years.
+Recently I purchased (with $300K cash) a small downtown property (an older house that had been renovated into offices) to lease to a friend who runs a small business. It’s my first foray into real estate and I’m quickly learning that it is much more work than an investment portfolio! My goal is to realize a capital gain on it as the economy picks up.
+Investments and Performance
+Our investment performance has been decent since 1992 when I started investing. We have averaged 8.34% (CAGR) to the end of 2015 (how to calculate investment returns). I’m on a bit of a roll having beat both the TSX and DJIA annually for the past 5 years. My average dividend yield on my Canadian holdings is 3.87% and 1.43% on the US holdings. That generated just over $200K in income in 2015 (some of that is earned in registered accounts).
+My portfolio is 70% Canadian stocks and 30% US. For US stocks, I own (in order of largest to smallest holdings): FB (3,000 shares), SBUX, SYK, LLL, AAPL, VIVO, AFL, V, GOOGL, and EGL.
+For CDN stocks, I own (in order of largest to smallest holdings): TD (12,400 shares), PKI, BCE, MRU, RY, GWO, IGM, HCG, EMA, IPL, WSP, HR.UN, ENB, CPG, NWC, HLF, RUS, FTS, ECA, HSE, POT, and HOT.UN. (A list of top dividend growth stocks)
+For those of you counting stocks from my last article, I have done some house cleaning as I had 49 holdings at that time and 32 now. As usually happens, I have come to regret selling some of those. Lately I have been adding some positions in strong companies in the oil and gas industry anticipating a turn-around (ECA, CPG, HSE).
+I spend about 10-15 hours a week studying companies, tracking quarterly EPS, keeping updated on news. Far from a chore, I enjoy doing this study and analysis, and think of it as a part-time job. If you have been following business news, you may have noticed that POT and PKI have recently surged in value due to some merger and acquisition activity. A positive quarter from the Canadian banks was also welcome news. As one person recently tweeted, and I completely agree: “don’t hate big banks, own them.”
+Usually things are quite boring but my attention and activity perk up in times of market or company crisis. I readily use margin to buy shares when I want them rather than worry about whether I have the cash or can generate it from a sale. Right now I’m carrying about $250,000 in margin but no other debt.
+RESPs
+Lately, my self-directed RESP (how an RESP works) has been on my mind since my daughter has just started her first year of university and we made our first withdrawal. This 9-holding plan has a value of about $325K. I’ve made the maximum contributions for my daughter and son (who is in grade 10) over the years, and have received the maximum CESGs (government grant). It’s earning about $13K per year in dividends.
+The funny thing about RESPs is that after I proved to the bank that she was enrolled I was allowed to take out a whopping $2,500 in the first 13 weeks of school… I was amused by that since the first 13 weeks are costing roughly 3x that amount! I think withdrawals are unlimited after that but be prepared to bankroll the first term.
+Final Thoughts
+I guess the other thing on my mind lately is early retirement. We’ll likely travel a bit in retirement and I have plans to write an outdoor adventure guide book. As an avid outdoors person, I also have climbing Kilimanjaro and walking the Camino de Santiago on my bucket list. My only worry is that I’ll have more time on my hands in retirement for managing my investments so I’ll likely be more active (and making more mistakes) than I should be!
+Thanks for reading. Pete.
+About the Author: Pete and his wife are educators in Western Canada, and are regular followers of MillionDollarJourney.comIf you would like to read more articles like this, you can sign up for my free newsletter service below (we will not spam you).
+You have been misinformed about the RESP withdrawals.
+Now that you have provided the financial institution with the confirmation of enrolment you can withdraw as much of your contributions as you like. (And it doesn’t effect anyone’s income tax.) In the first 13 weeks of school you can also withdraw $5000 of EAPs. (EAPS are the combination of CESGs and the growth in the account.) These EAPS will be taxable income for the student. See
+Hi Pete,
+Way to go. You are exceptional savers.
+One question. If you are not retire yet, why are you investing for current income that is taxed every year? You had $200K of investment income, so you probably pay $60-70K of tax every year (even with a bit in RRSP). That sounds like a huge amount of unnecessary tax every year.
+Why do you focus so heavily on investing for income that is taxed every year?
+Ed
+Very nice job. A few thing I would do differently, but that’s just me:
+1) The time required to work earning, let’s say $300k per year (principal plus teacher), compared to the investment income which is greater, would make me stop working. Time is clearly more important. Unless being educators is about more than money, perhaps it’s more of a labour of love.
+2) Using margin. Why? The portfolio is big enough to do anything in life. Why take the risk? If markets decline this wonderful portfolio could decline in turbo-charged mode. Is the $10MM goal worth it? Then what? $15MM? Do you plan to spend the money ever or just leave it to someone else to spend for you 20-30-40 years from now?
+3) Individual stock choices I realize are a personal thing. CPG? ECA? Why invest in companies bordering on insolvency?
+Good luck. I hit over $1MM at 40 and think $5MM is a good goal for 50. I plan to start spending it at some point. I’m not going to work a lifetime for the benefit of providing an inheritance.
+“Our investment performance has been decent since 1992 when I started investing. We have averaged 8.34% (CAGR) to the end of 2015”
+“I spend about 10-15 hours a week studying companies, tracking quarterly EPS, keeping updated on news”
+From 1994-2013 the Canadian Couch Potato is reporting 7.3-7.8% returns depending on the portfolio you choose (). You beat this by a little, but when you factor in the time cost of your strategy, I would argue that you lost since you could have similar returns for a few hours per year vs a 10-15 hours a week.
+Rgz, I’m an advocate of the couch potato portfolio as well, but I will argue that Pete enjoys investing and researching and it has been working for him. Although it may not seem like a big difference in performance, a 1% performance increase over 30 years results in a 30%+ difference in portfolio size.
+I second this.
+On his $6.5M investment portfolio, he’s made an extra $1.5M over 30 years. More importantly, if he’s able to continue that performance and retires @ 60, that delta will grow to over $4M.
+Couch potato portfolio is great for a hands off approach. You won’t be disappointed with the results. But even a slight out performance can make a very large difference over time.
+Finally … A great answer not just focused on a hypothetical index performance value. I find that many don’t even track their performance against the index properly. The true accurate way would be to replicate purchases of the index at the time you buy. This would show you if you actually even underperform the index.
+I would also add that this is not a perfect apples to apples comparison since Pete’s stats track 2 extra years before and after the presented couch potato portfolio. I realize this was done out of convenience since the research was already compiled for the time frame rgz presented but it’s not a totally accurate comparison without matching time frames.
+Impressive!
+At which point did you feel your portfolio was working on its own to increase your wealth?
+8.34% is pretty good for a portfolio with lots of exposure to the Canadian markets, but for comparison the S&P 500 total return from 1992 to present is 9.06% and the Wiltshire 5000 return is 9.33% for the same period. Small cap indexes do even better.
+Pete, besides the rate of return, I’d be interested in how much you save to invest in a typical year and what kind of risk you take (in terms of return variance and/or return in worst years).
+To get to $6.5M starting in 1992 with a 9% total return, you’d have to save about $80,000 per year (especially in the early years) and pay no taxes on the dividends. Seems like your savings rate must be very high, although you mention saving only $50,000 to invest in your stock portfolio recently.
+Greg, it’s not really fair to compare to one particular index, but rather a mixed portfolio like the couch potato link above. I think a fairer benchmark would be around 7.5% for a globally diversified portfolio.
+FrugalTrader, I’m not so sure it’s fair to compare Pete’s 100% stock portfolio with a couch potato portfolio that contains 25% or more bonds. Combined with the use of margin, it seems Pete took a lot more risk than simply investing in an S&P 500 index fund and didn’t generate any extra return.
+Point taken! I need to followup with “all stock” benchmarks.
+Well, I guess I’m assuming the portfolio had no cash holdings on average, I could be wrong. But it sure sounds like the portfolio was almost always fully invested in equities and beyond fully invested when margin was used.
+Hi Everyone,
+Thanks for the comments everyone and sorry for the delay. Mary, for whatever reason the withdrawal form that TD bank uses says that RESP’s opened after 1998 can withdraw $5,000 in EAPs in the first 13 weeks, or $2,500 otherwise. I opened it in 1998. See:. Perhaps it was a bank error “not in my favour.” I could have taken out some of my contributions tax free but want to keep that working for us.
+Ed, I guess the simplest answer to your question about dividend income is that I like the (relative) stability of dividend paying companies and their industries, and the tax is a trade off for that. The Canadian MoneySaver has a “why dividends matter” piece in its Sept. issue and my favourite reason is: “Dividends are an outward, visible sign of [management’s understanding] who the real boss is.” My US portfolio is much more growth oriented.
+Greg, yes I agree with your point one – time is clearly more important than money – and am very early in retirement planning. As for why margin (your point 2), I use margin so I can add holdings quickly without selling anything since I don’t have any cash available. As all the readers know, things get really wacky in the markets sometimes and while it is hard to do, that is when I like to add to my holdings. Since I don’t withdraw income, the dividends pay it down relatively quickly. Re goals, once I get to approximately $10M NW, I’ll likely shift goals away from new NW targets to income stability oriented goals. However, to dividend Earner’s point, the portfolio is “working on its own to increase my wealth.” To your point 3, CPG and ECA are not in great shape but I believe they will turn around. I have relatively small holdings in each.
+I’ve never been much of a couch potato so not being hands on with my investments would be difficult. Dividend earner, at roughly around the $3M NW mark I realized that I had a wealth building machine and that with proper maintenance, it would keep working for me.
+Different Greg, the amount we invest annually has really varied but in most (not every!) years I’m investing all of my wife’s income, some of my income, all of the dividend income plus some margin. My best year for returns was 2009 with almost 42%. Worst year was 2008 with a nearly 34% decline. I have had three other years of negative returns in 24 years of tracking (2000/01/02).
+Using dividends to pay down the margin balance is clever! Never thought to do that before.
+What was your typical stocks/fixed income balance? It sounds like you were at or near 100% stocks the whole time based on the use of margin.
+rgz, I’ve been fully invested in stocks only for nearly the whole 24-year period. In addition, I’ve usually had a margin balance.
+Thanks for the answers Pete, you are very open and candid! So it seems the two main ingredients in your success are high savings rate and good investment results. The obvious way to build wealth really, but the challenge is to stay disciplined and stick to it for decades.
+You seem to take a lot of risk for not that much excess return, but it’s worked for you and you’ve enjoyed it, so who am I to criticize? I guess you could afford to lose it all now and still retire with no change in your standard of living on two teacher’s pensions, so in that sense your stock picking doesn’t carry much risk at all.
+Pete,
+Again, thanks for all the detail and candour. A question on pensions. I assume you and your wife likely have them. Are they included in your NW numbers above? If so, what amount are they, combined? If they are included, do you list the contributed amount or commuted value? The commuted value is sensitive to interest rates, so dropping and low rates will result in a commuted value that increases at a much higher rate than would be explained by contributions alone.
+If you have not included the pension values in the NW numbers, then I would think that’s well over another million right there. I include what they call the ‘termination benefit’ in our statement (wife is a teacher), which appears to be pretty close to the commuted value.
+Nobleea and different Greg, I was wondering when someone was going to bring up pensions. No, I haven’t included them in the NW calculations, but I do appreciate that they have a very significant value. We have been fortunate on many fronts and as educators, we are discussing starting a scholarship fund. We’re not sure what theme or angle to pick for it, and not sure who will administer it.
+Hi Pete,
+I just wanted to say thank you for being candid and honest about your investment philosophy and breaking down what you did and how you achieved success. Your story is inspiring, I really enjoyed reading your initial post a few years back and to see you post an update has been amazing. Hopefully you stick around to keep us informed and share more of your wisdom.
+Thanks Pete.
+Hey thanks Diligent Learner. I learn a lot from this site and particularly from the collective wisdom of the folks making comments.
+Exceptional work! Not accounting for the value of the pensions is underestimating the value of your assets. How much money does it take to generate the equivalent of a $60K or $70K pension? It’s a great position to be in to have the pensions as a rounding error. ;-)
+My wife and I are under 40 and our NW is $1.9M, but we include in that the value of cashing out our pensions – the tax we would pay on the “amount over tax limits”. Two defined benefit plans. This is the amount we would end up with if we walked away from it all.
+Thank you Pete for sharing your experience and story. I have two young children and am working at building up their RESPs for their future. I contribute at least $2500 a year to each child. I was wondering if you had any lessons you would like to share and how much you contributed yearly in order to get such an amazing figure.
+Thanks,
+Martin
+From the original article “Lessons from a 50 Year Old Multi-Millionaire”:
+!”
+I’m always surprised when wealthy people treat their million dollar journey as a million dollar destination, depriving themselves of enjoyable things as they increase their net worth. If you could do it again, would you take a more balanced approach, perhaps splurging on a “wealth killer” along the way?
+I personally agree the latter three should be avoided, i.e. anything brand new with wheels, debt for depreciating assets, and show homes/second homes. But for me and my family, vacations are some of the most enjoyable times of our lives and I think it’s healthy to indulge in them, even if they’re tropical.
+Rakiki, yes I agree, the pensions are significant and understate our NW.
+Martin, I’m reluctant to give advice per se, but we were successful with our RESP because we set it up in one self-directed plan (account is with TD bank and allows investing in stocks/ funds etc.) and invested in a relatively small number of good quality, dividend paying, growing companies over a period of time. We contributed $4,000 per child from the year they were born and then began investing $2,500 per child in 2007 when the rules changed. We always made the full contribution early in January. We contributed the amount each year that would maximize the CESGs and have now contributed the maximum amount.
+Jolayn, it seems that my comment re tropical vacations struck a nerve with a few folks. But, I wouldn’t do anything differently in terms of tropical vacations. At roughly 10k per trip for a family of 4, we found other ways to indulge ourselves and spend quality time together. My thinking is that key factors on getting to the million dollar destination and going beyond/ keeping it, are sacrifice and delay of gratification. Everyone has their own thinking regarding this but as I tell my kids “not everyone thinks like dad, and that’s what makes the world such a wonderful place.”
+My family of 4 has never spent more than $5K on a tropical vacation. Granted $5K is still a lot of money, and we travel multiple times per year so our total spend is close to $10K anyway.
+I’m more interested in your outlook regarding delayed gratification. Many people who post on forums like these are one dimensional, but you seem to have a variety of interests aside from money and the pursuit of wealth. I don’t understand where the balance is in your big picture. Perhaps you foresee a tipping point where your focus on sacrificing will swing wildly into unmitigated indulgence?
+Good question Jolayn! Sounds like an invitation to get philosophical. My major gratification which was delayed (but has now arrived) is the freedom to make my own choices about how I spend my time. My wife and I have really never been gratified by owning fancy things so never felt that we made too many sacrifices. I guess that has been another key factor in our success. Rather than unmitigated indulgence on things, at this stage, I’m more interested in relationships with family and friends, helping my kids be successful, and having amazing life experiences. In terms of leaving kids an inheritance, I like Buffet’s thinking which is something like: “I’ll leave them enough money to do anything they want, but not so much that they will do nothing.”
+Agree you don’t need 10k vacations and new cars to “live life.”
+Congrats Pete on your journey really enjoyed reading all of this.
+Please keep us updated again next year.
+Hi Pete,
+Thanks for sharing your inspiring story!
+Two questions:
+1. What broker do you use for RESP, and any recommendation? I know there’s a thread on this forum about Canadian Discount Brokers but seems it focuses on regular account and/or RRSPs.
+2. Regarding owning shares of Canadian REITs, are the distributions from them considered eligible dividend of just simply interest?
+Thanks!
+JZ
+Hi JZ, I use TD Webroker for all of my accounts and TD Bank for all of my FI needs including 1 credit card. I made a decision many years ago to simplify my life by dealing exclusively at one FI. The upside of this is that I seem to have more “clout” when it comes to negotiating, my business seems to matter more to them, and I generally pay lower fees because i’m more likely to have the minimum balance to avoid the monthly fees when everything is consolidated. I also find it administratively simpler (transfers/ contributions etc.) to deal with one FI. I often remind TD that I have “sold my soul” to them so I expect the best deals they have.
+Re REITs, it may vary between REITS but mine don’t pay dividends. They pay a mix of interest income, capital gains, return of capital, and foreign income.
+Thanks Pete,
+I have accounts with TD too but their trading commission is a little high. Guess I will wait until I accumulate more assets to negotiate with them.
+Hi Pete,
+Would you mind sharing the 13 stocks you invested in for your kids’ RESP?
+Thanks.
+Sure Jose. I think the number 13 is from when I stated that the RESP has never held more than 13 holdings. However, currently there are 9 holdings (in order of weight from high to low) as follows: PKI, TD, RY, BCE, IGM, GWO, IPL, HR.UN, and WSP. The market value as of Sept. 30 is $325,883 and includes cash of $13,817. I have to sell something prior to December 1, since I’ll be making a large enough withdrawal so that my daughter will use her tax credits for 2016.
+Hi Pete,
+I love your story and thank you for sharing and for your advice! I will appreciate if you can answer the following questions
+1) How does feel to have more money that you can spend in your life (if you continue living in the same frugal way, I think that is more than enough for the next 50 years)
+2) You wrote that your ” largest asset is the investment portfolio ($6.5M)” you are not afraid of a market crash where you can lose 30% to 50% of this portfolio in 1 year?
+3) It’s not a good idea to diversify and put a % of this portfolio in cash, bonds and real estate?
+4) Also having all your money in just 1 broker, is not too risky? what happened if it go broke or there’s a problem with this broker like mfglobal or pfgbest?
+5) What do you think of buying puts options as a insurance to protect your portfolio?
+6) Do you give a % of your profits to charity?
+all the best and thank you for your answers
+Hi Ariel,
+1)It feels great. It is liberating. Once I freed my mind of money concerns and worries, to some extent, it opened up new possibilities in my life.
+2)No. I sleep well knowing that for the most part I own good, growing dividend-paying companies that will likely survive a crash. My evidence is that this was the case in 2008, and to a lesser extent 2002.
+3)I’m not a fan of diversification into fixed income and don’t subscribe to “traditional” fixed income allocation recommendations. I usually have $20k or so in cash on hand and the ability to generate more on short notice if needed. I have roughly $800k in real estate and another $140k in REITS at this stage. I’ll buy more REITS if I feel I need more diversification into real estate. If you haven’t done so, read my first article. I explain a bit about my approach/ attitude toward diversification.
+4)I’m not worried in the slightest about having all my money in one financial institution like the TD Bank or any other of the big 5 Canadian banks. I think the logic of spreading money around to multiple Canadian banks is irrational. See for some logic behind my opinion.
+5)I don’t think much of using options. I have been given clearance to buy and sell options in one of my TD accounts but have never done so. I believe it would be extremely difficult to make that strategy work and I think transaction costs would eat into your margins, and you may be exposed to considerable risk. As a general rule, I’m not a fan of insurance in (nearly) any form, but like investing in insurance companies.
+6)No, I don’t give a fixed percentage per se, but I give a not-insignificant amount to charities. However, more importantly, in my mind, is that I give extraordinary amounts of time (~300 hours per year) in volunteer work to a youth-serving organization, and serve on committees/ boards of local organizations.
+Hi Pete,
+thank you very much for your answers.
+I read again both of your post, and is very impressive that you turn in 10 years (from your 40s to 50s) 1 million to 5 million , that is a return close to 20% per year.
+My questions are
+A) that was mainly for the opportunity of buying in the 2008-2009? or also because you save a lot?
+B) Do you recommend to save and invest until the income of my portfolio cover my expenses?
+C) I’m 38 years old and have around US$400,000 in US stocks and bonds, what advise can you give me to reach +1 million in liquid assets?
+thank you very much for your help
+Hi Ariel,
+A) The results are from a lot of factors including: Not selling in that dip but rather buying quality companies that were on sale, and continuing to save throughout.
+B/C) I’m sorry but I can’t give you personal financial advice. I just tell my story so you and other readers can see how I accomplished my goals..
+Hi Jill, I just read your comment, and congratulations on your real estate investments.
+I also invest in real estate and in the markets
+if you are looking to diversify in the markets, I learn a lot from a book:
+A Better Option: Strategies for Stocks, Options, and Futures Trading
+by Interactive Financial
+that teach you a method similar to real estate, buy and hold, and collect rents, in the stock market and bonds
+I will check out the book. Thanks that may be what I’m looking for or at least a place to start.
+Hi Jill. It sounds like you are the opposite of me because I’m not very knowledgeable on real estate. It looks like you have done very well so congratulations!
+As I read your comment I immediately thought of the Canadian Shareowner’s Association for learning how to invest. They have really good tools designed for people who know very little about investing but it does take some time and energy to work through.
+Regarding changing up my portfolios, I monitor constantly, and make changes regularly. I have owned about half of my stocks for 10 or more years and owned the others roughly since the start of 2014. The longer term holdings tend to be what I consider “core” holdings and consist of (but not limited to) Canadian Banks, insurance companies, utilities, and some US stocks like Starbucks, Aflac, Stryker, and L-3 Communications (LLL).
+Value wise, those core older holdings are about 65% of the total. I do some significant housecleaning once in a while, but most of my trades are adding to positions – buying on dips usually. I’ve done about 30 trades this year across all the portfolios. Once I decide to own something, I build a position gradually with smaller purchases over a period of quarters or even years. For example, I built my position in LLL between 2004 and 2008 to 1,200 shares, buying at most 300 shares at one time. I’m considering selling it now because it has had a recent run-up and it seems over-priced relative to my projections of earnings.
+In terms of a mock portfolio, here is what I have in my kids’ RESP at the moment and the quantities. There are odd quantities because of DRIPs. TD Bank – 833, Investors’ Group – 725, Parkland Fuel Corp. – 3,405, Great West Life – 495, Royal Bank – 543, BCE – 577, WSP Global – 230, H&R REIT – 632, Inter Pipeline – 522 and roughly 14k in cash. It has returned 21% YTD including dividends. Please don’t take this “mock portfolio” as a “model portfolio” that might be appropriate in your situation. It’s just a sample of how I invest and not appropriate for everyone.
+Good luck and I hope this helps.
+Hi Pete,
+How is your update for Feb 2017 and any new lesson that you learned from your last post that you can share?
+Also instead of invest in particular stocks, you don’t like the idea of buying ETFs?
+thanks!
+Hi Pete,
+Any Dividend Portfolio Update?
+Would be very interesting to read some of the lessons that you learned from your last post…
+Thanks!
+Euclid in the Rainforest: Discovering Logic and Math
+An Introduction to Logic and Proof
+"Number theory effortlessly produces innumerable problems, which have a sweet, innocent air about themlike tempting flowers."
+"Flowers?"
+"Mm-hmm." He also says that, "it swarms with bugs waiting to bite the flower lovers who, once bitten, are inspired to excesses of effort."
+Daphne Clair quoting Barry Mazur, Summer Seduction
+The mix of fragrances from blooming yucca, violets, red jasmine, and frangipani carried on the vapors of rising mists above the humid Orinoco River are intoxicating. It is the perfume of the Venezuelan rainforests, where tobacco, banana and coffee grow wild and barbets call so loudly you can hardly hear nearby rapids. I was there at a time when one could still get a doctorate in anthropology from stories of undiscovered indigenous tribes in one of the last unknown corners of the world, a time when roads connecting Venezuelan cities and towns were unpaved or didn't exist at all. Young with mettle in adventure and eager for cerebral exercise, it was there on the edges of the primal rainforest that I first stumbled over notions of logic and what it means to believe a proof.
+Before I knew anything about what anthropologists were or what they did, I read Hamilton Rice's accounts of his encounters with the Yanomami Indians living along the Orinoco River in southern Venezuela and decided to travel to the remote Venezuelan village of La Esmeralda on my own. It was 1960, several years before Napoleon Chagnon's best-selling book Yanomamo: The Fierce People was published.1 I got the required inoculations, bought malaria pills, and went to the Venezuelan consulate in New York to apply for a visa.
+I was disappointed to learn that it would take two months to process my visa. Thinking it would be faster to get a visa from a small consulate near Venezuela, I flew to Aruba, which is just sixteen miles north of the coast of Venezuela. I arrived there on a Sunday to find that the consulate was open only on Wednesdays. I waited three days at the edge of boredom. At 9:00 a.m. on Wednesday, I walked up the two flights of creaking stairs in a dark, alcohol-reeking, wooden office building. The sign outside the consul's office door clearly indicated that the office would be open from 9:00 to noon. I waited. At about 11:15, a Sydney Greenstreet look-alike in a white suit and Panama hat arrived smelling of rum. He was the Venezuelan consul.
+"Can I help you?" he asked scornfully.
+"I would like a visa for Venezuela," I said, wondering if he would ask me why.
+"Yes, I can get you a visa, but it will take two months!" he said with a snickering smile.
+Defeated by the thought that I had traveled a thousand miles to a barren island for the same deal that I could have had in New York, I thought of the crazy idea of getting a fisherman to bring me across the short stretch of water separating Aruba from the mainland. However, the consul's snicker gave me hope, so I asked if there was any other way to speed up the process.
+"Certainly!" he said. "For five dollars, you could have it today!"
+I placed a five-dollar bill on his desk. "Your passport please," he demanded. He pulled out a mechanical stamp machine from the center drawer of his desk, found an empty page in my passport, and stamped it with a visa to Venezuela. I took the next flight to Caracas.
+An Englishman a bit older than me sat beside me on the plane. "Have you ever been to Caracash?" he asked with a proper English accent embroidered with an S-lisp while extending his greeting hand. "My name is Roger Hooper," he continued with a look suggesting that I should have heard the name before. Upon learning my plans to travel to the Orinoco River, he proceeded to tell me about his dream of doing the same. He proceeded to tell me about Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness, as if I had never heard of it. I was absorbed in his story almost as much as he was until a lightning storm struck without warning. Passengers around us anxiously clutched at armrests as we bounced from air pocket to air pocket. The plane pitched forward and backward, rocked from side to side, and shook with each threatening lightning bolt as it passed through torrential rain and foreboding darkness. Roger casually went on with his story, unaware that I was no longer listening. The plane came to an abrupt stop, listing to the left while torrential rain continued to pour over the windows; I could see nothing outside.
+My neighbor continued talking as if nothing had happened. A minute passed before the pilot announced that, though the plane had come to a safe landing, it would not be easy to disembark. The plane was in water up to its belly. The pilot had chosen to emergency-land his plane in the safety of water rather than risk an airport landing close to rugged mountains in a severe storm. We disembarked on a makeshift ramp constructed by curious emergency personnel. As we were coming off the plane, Roger did not say a word about the event, nor a word about the inconvenience of our waterlogged luggage. He continued to lisp about the Congo, but I was processing almost nothing of what he was saying and was beginning to be annoyed. I was going to the Orinoco River, not the Congo. He said, in his first reference to our aircraft drama, that he, too, was headed for the Amazon on an adventure far more exciting than any emergency landing.
+When I finally did get around to telling him my name, he blankly announced that he knew of a mathematician by that last name and asked if there was any relation. I had grown used to saying "he's my brother" whenever people asked the same question. At that, he said that he also majored in mathematics and unleashed the grand story of Fermat and his Last Theorem, the famous theorem that says that xn + yn = zn has no nonzero whole-number solutions for x, y, and z when n is greater than 2. He could make the Caracas airport flight schedule seem like a Noel Coward play. Roger explained the theorem with the math embroidered into a fabric of supporting characters. In fact, all we really know for sure is that when Fermat died, his son Samuel discovered a copy of a translation of Diophantus's Arithmetica in the library with a marginal note in his father's handwriting: "I have discovered a truly remarkable proof, which this margin is too small to contain."
+Few of us are taught the rules of logic or principles of proof. Even mathematicians seem to innocently learn them indirectly through instinctive knowledge and experience of language, just as the toddler does in acquiring the elements of grammar. However, when we intellectually reflect on logic and proof, what they are and what they do, we tend to agree that, formally, a proof consists of a finite collection of well-formed statements linking back, by rules of inference, to elementary assumptions. For example, if we want to prove that the base angles of an isosceles triangle2 are equal, we must start somewhere. Proof means that belief is universal. If Euclid's proofs are to be accepted, all parties must agree that "there is a unique line passing through any two points," which is exactly Euclid's first elementary assumption. This assumption, together with four others, forms a footing to support a superstructure of Euclid's geometry.
+Margin notes were typical for Pierre Fermat. He was a lawyer and judge in Toulouse, and, though considered the greatest mathematician of his day, he did mathematics only in his spare time. He didn't publish his works, but he preferred to write them as gifted letters to friends and professional mathematicians. Pierre frequently wrote his thoughts in the margins of his books, often while listening to briefs at court. But Roger painted a fanciful picture of Samuel, his appearance as a young man with bulging eyes, an unusually long but handsome nose, a sullen face, and a tragic mouth that always seemed to be lamenting something lost. According to Roger, Samuel was asleep in his library when a howling wind blew a window open. The window frame knocked Diophantus's Arithmetica off a sill, face down, and opened to a page biased by a pressed dry rose. And there it rested until Samuel lit a candle to see the short comment responsible for a great deal of modern number theory.
+When Roger finished his story, he suggested that we should head for La Esmeralda together. I was only eighteen and Roger was ten years older. He already had a receding hairline at the sides of his head and the beginnings of a double chin that he was trying to hide behind a newly cultured beard. And, though he was definitely peculiar, insensitive, and possibly even crazy, I wanted someone to accompany me on a journey that was beginning to frighten me. Roger had the annoying habit of cracking his knuckles at odd times when he was silent. He would dovetail fingers from both hands, turn his palms outward, and push both hands forward to the sound of multiple cracks. However, he was fluent in Spanish, and I needed a translator. I had no idea what trouble I was about to get into and naively thought I could make my way into the jungle on a few provisions, a tent, and malaria pills.
+At his suggestion, we hitchhiked a ride with a Venezuelan army convoy traveling five hundred miles into the jungle along dirt roads to Cabruta on the Orinoco River. It was an innocent time, when two foreign civilians could unofficially still do such things. The convoy would go no further than Cabruta, for there was no bridge to cross the river, but we accepted the ride, thinking that at least we would get to the Orinoco, even if it were a thousand miles downstream from La Esmeralda. After about two hundred and fifty miles, we came to a washed-out mountain switchback. A canvas-covered army vehicle was tottering over a precipice and about to fall into a ravine several hundred feet below. It was nighttime and lightly raining; the bugs were out to devour anyone stupid enough to stand on the road unprotected. More than twenty soldiers took positions to push the vehicle onto a more solid road surface, and my position was at the right taillight, the main attraction for mosquitoes and diving beetles in the area. My clothes were covered with tightly gripping diving beetles. Roger was thrilled. This was the adventure he had come for.
+We gave up for the night when the rain started to come down heavily. The road was impassible, so we slept huddled under the canvases of the trucks. I can't recall why the tottering vehicle was not tethered or winched to one of the other trucks, but it wasn't. In the morning, the sun rose above several isolated mists that passed with gentle breezes. A choir of birds awakened us with what seemed to be a thousand different simultaneous songs. Several of us with stiff bodies from sleeping in awkward positions rose with the sun to hear and feel the road give way, sending the tottering vehicle to its grave at the bottom of the ravine. I looked out in time to see Roger standing on the road, peering down at the fallen truck, laughing.
+A cook prepared breakfast of potatoes and eggs on a propane stove, while a small group of three young, tough soldiers and a platoon sergeant argued about how to salvage the fallen vehicle. Miguel Ramos, the sergeant, was more concerned with the contents of the truck. Eating peaches from a can, he gave a stout order to salvage the contents. So several fifty-five gallon oil drums and dozens of sealed wooden crates marked in alphanumeric code were hoisted to the road, while Jesus and two other soldiers whose names I no longer recall continued to argue about how to salvage the truck itself.
+The truck weighed two tons, and the winch cable capacity was only one ton. I volunteered to say that if the truck could be straightened out, it would take only about 1.4 tons of cable tension to winch the truck back to the road.3 At the time, I thought it to simply be an academic point, since the cable's capacity was still smaller than what was needed to hoist the entire truck. But I had to convince the group that they needed a winch with only a 1.4-ton capacity.
+I used a stick to draw a diagram in the dirt, trying to explain the trigonometry of forces involved while a conspicuously colorful object, far off in the distance over the steep hillside of wildflowers, distracted my audience. I stopped my explanation to join the diversion.
+It was a wild apricot tree two hundred feet away in the middle of the field, surrounded by tall, particularly beautiful flowers with very tall pistils and alternating red and black petals. In this wonderful field of yellow and blue flowers, that unusual red-and-black one was the only one swarmed with bees. No one had ever seen such a flower. For several minutes, we were captivated.
+We approached the tree to find that what we thought was one apricot tree was actually two intertwined trees. As we stuffed our pockets with wild apricots, an idea leaped in front of me: If we could get the winch on the fallen truck to work, we could intertwine two winches to work together with a capacity of two tonsmore force than necessary! The answer depended on whether the fallen truck would start. Luckily, a tree had broken the fall as the truck rolled backward, so the only damage was to the rear end. Jesus started the truck and got the winch working. The rest was easy. Entwined cables connected the fallen truck to a tethered truck on the road. The two winches synchronically rewound, slowly pulling the fallen truck up the dirt incline. A small piece of entirely theoretical trigonometry solved a thoroughly physical problem, a testament to the power of mathematics. The operation worked so smoothly that Jesus asked me to explain how I made my calculations. He was hooked.
+And so was I. For the remainder of our trip, Roger enthusiastically taught us applications of trigonometry and beguiling mathematics.
+Mathematics was not always what it is today. Its formal rigor and structure did not always rely on finite collections of well-formed statements linking back, by rules of inference, to elementary assumptions. No, in Thales's time (around 600 b.c., a half-century before Pythagoras), when Western mathematics inherited a fortune in concrete applications from a thousand years of Babylonian and Egyptian calculations, when abstract so-called theorems in need of proof were beginning to surface on the mathematical horizons, mathematical proof was far more relaxed and casual. Arguments were persuasive but not as rigorous as those that would come in the next three hundred years, before Euclid, when the ideas for structured proof based on elementary assumptions emerged.
+One of the earliest existing histories of geometry is one that comes to us from Proclus, a philosopher and historian who summarized an earlier history by Eudemus of Rhodes. According to several historians, from Proclus to Plutarch, Thales of Miletus introduced abstract geometry, a new phenomenon that was to excite further Greek creations.4 The Rhind papyrus, now in the British Museum, is a handbook of practical problems dating from about 1550 b.c. The papyrus calls itself "a guide to accurate reckoning of entering into things, knowledge of existing things all." Everything in the papyrus is stated in terms of specific numbers and nothing is generalized. Rectangles are measured, but only when their sizes are specified; right-angled triangles5 mark out areas only when the sides are specified. During Thales's lifetime, Egyptian mathematics was still relying on tables to solve problems from surveying to banking, just as modern bankers rely on tables or computer programs to compute mortgage payments. Thales's revelation was that there are precise relationships between parts of figures and that such relationships enable one to find one part by knowing others.
+It may seem obvious to us that the height of a right triangle, whose hypotenuse is, say, five units long, absolutely depends on the length of the base. Equally obvious is the thought that one can know what that dependency is. We know that the height is the square root of five minus the square of the length of the base. But this was not something in the Egyptian schoolboy's textbook.
+Modern Western mathematics began with Thales. We are told that he is the first to "demonstrate" the following:
+The circle is bisected by its diameter.
+The base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal.
+The vertical angles of two straight lines are equal.
+The right-angled triangle can be inscribed in a circle in such a way that its hypotenuse coincides with the diameter and its right angle sits on the circle.
+These are extraordinary statements about every circle and every isosceles triangle.
+He must have known that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°, or the sum of two right angles. The persuasive argument of his time must have been something like this: Any triangle can be split into two right angles simply by dropping a perpendicular from the largest angle to the side opposite that largest angle.
+Take any one of these two right triangles, inscribe it in a circle, and connect the right angle to the center of the circle.
+You now have two isosceles triangles. But Thales knew that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. Since angle ADB is a right angle, we see that the sum of all three angles must be two right angles because angle ADC + angle CDB equals one right angle, and angle DAC + angle DBC = angle ADC + angle CDB.
+This could be one of the earliest examples of mathematical persuasion, but not a proof in the modern sense of the word because it simply follows a picture without inferences from axioms or established statements. To make the argument into a proof, we must infer the argument from some collection of established statements that can never be disputed. What are those established statements? We used the fact that the points of the circle are equidistant from the center to know that the triangles are isosceles. We used the fact that the base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal. And we used the fact that a right-angled triangle could be completely inscribed in a circle whose diameter is equal to the hypotenuse of the triangle. These were all facts known to Thales.
+We might accept the statement that points of the circle are equidistant from its center as part of the definition of a circle. However, the statement that base angles of an isosceles triangle are equal is much harder to accept. It's not obvious. It relies on an argument composed of several more elementary statements, one of which is that two points determine a unique line, and another that a circle of given center and radius can always be constructed.
+These last two statements seem very strongly acceptableso acceptable that we might accept them without argument. We could simply establish these as true and "prove" the statement that the sum of the angles of any triangle is two right angles by inferring it from the established statements. However, we must be careful. Suppose that the two established statements have hidden conflicts. What if, after one thousand years of building arguments on arguments that use these statements as foundations, a contradiction is implied? We must be sure that such a thing can never happen. In other words, we must be sure that the statements are independent of each other.
+This means that the negation of one cannot be logically derived from the other. Discovering this was the great achievement of early Greek mathematicians in the three hundred year span between Thales and Euclid. When Thales generalized the practical mathematics of the Egyptians, other mathematicians made other general discoveries. The Pythagorean School discovered relationships between the sizes of the sides of right triangles. Eventually, the work turned to organizing general statements, systematizing and ordering statements in a network of inferential statements, one following from another.
+Although mathematics appears to be built from a collection of self-evident assumptions, it does not develop directly from them. Thales had no established postulates, yet his arguments are as persuasive as any that could be drawn from a rigorous logical sequence of inferences. Indeed, his arguments are simply convincing and persuasive, with little room for doubt. Ideas for theorems seem to come from intuition that follows experience. Experience enough drawings of right triangles inscribed in a circle, and you will discover that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180°. Experience drawing enough triangles, and you will discover that you can split any triangle into two right triangles. That's the way you would demonstrate a theorem: persuasion by experience. Later, when you are sure that your intuition is right because you have persuasive arguments to show that it is right, you might want to find your theorem's position in the web of others that are ultimately built on self-evident assumptions.
+Jesus and I developed an insatiable appetite for mathematics. At the time, I was studying architecture and had no real training in mathematics. The solution to the truck winching problem came to me by accident, without thought. It not only impressed Jesus, but it inspired both of us to consider studying more mathematics. Jesus decided that he would go to university to study engineering.
+I started thinking about proof. Pushing the limits of my knowledge at the time, I explained a simple proof of a proposition found in Book I of Euclid's Elements. It says that an isosceles triangle has its base angles equal. Thales proved this proposition sometime back in the fifth century b.c. Later, Pappus, a Greek mathematician who lived around 300 b.c., gave a different proofa curious proof: Flip the given isosceles triangle around its vertical axis. The triangle is unchanged. Since the angle on the left of the base coincides with the angle on the right, the two base angles must be equal.
+If the sides of such an isosceles triangle are extended equal distances beyond the base, the angles under the base will also be equal. This was proven by the same "flip" argument.
+In medieval times, this theorem was the end of the road for courses in mathematics. It was known as "the bridge of fools" because the figure looks like the truss of a bridge and also because only a fool couldn't make it across.
+This kind of heuristic proof was acceptable in Thales's time, but not in Euclid's. The same proposition appears as Proposition 5 in Book I of Euclid's Elements, with a proof based on far stricter standards. Although heuristics might have played a central role in guiding discovery and acceptance of the theorem, rigor would inevitably challenge any argument not based on strict rules of proof.
+I confess that at the time of meeting Jesus, my knowledge of mathematics did not extend beyond this bridge. But later that bridge was moved closer to that wonderful theorem in mathematics called the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the sum of the squares of the lengths of the sides of a right triangle equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse.6 According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Pythagorean theorem has the most known proofs: 520 different proofs.7
+When Jesus heard about Pythagoras's theorem, he tested it on all the triangles he knew, making light sketches of right triangles and measuring sides and hypotenuses. If it looked like it was true for a few triangles, he would not be satisfied until he sketched others and tested the statement again and again on squat, fat, and tall triangles.
+How could he have convinced himself of the truth? He would have had to draw some fairly precise right triangles and take reasonably precise measurements of the sides and hypotenuses. Although this method might persuade some people, it wouldn't be enough to convince Jesus, and it certainly wouldn't be enough to convince mathematicians.
+However, it doesn't take much evidence to form opinions about mathematical statements. There was good evidence to suggest that the theorem is true. So Roger gave Jesus one of the standard arguments in favor of the truth.
+"Draw any right triangle and three squares, one on each side and the third on the hypotenuse," he said.
+"You can place the contents of the lower square into the tilted square on the hypotenuse with room to spare. Next, you see that the remaining square on the left will fit into the remaining space of the square on the hypotenuse without room to spare. This should convince you that the sum of the areas of the squares on the sides is equal to the area of the square on the hypotenuse."
+"It doesn't convince me," Jesus said.
+"Repeat the testing by redrawing right triangles," continued Roger. "You will see that every time you draw a right triangle, no matter how squat or tall, the theorem holds. You should become more accepting, but not entirely persuaded. What you need is some more 'evidence,' not a formal proof in the mathematical sense, but a 'somewhat credible' argument." He sketched several triangles and said, "Examine these triangles and you will become persuaded that the theorem is true."
+"I'm not persuaded," I said. "Suppose the triangle has two equal sides. Does it work for such a triangle?" I drew a picture.
+Form two squares on the sides of the isosceles right triangle and one square on its hypotenuse.
+Divide the smaller squares in half to make four isosceles right triangles.
+Fit the triangles into the larger square to fill it exactly.
+"Okay, I'm persuaded that it works for the isosceles right triangle," I said. "Now, what others can we be sure of?" I drew a triangle and played with it, but I could not get anywhere.
+Frustrated, I began to doodle.
+Jesus took one look at my doodling and shouted, "You proved it! All you have to do is rearrange the four triangles in the big square to make the two smaller squares!" And he made the following sketch.
+The four shaded triangles can be repositioned from one figure to the other to show that the two squares in the figure on the right must equal the square C in the figure on the left.
+It was brilliant. My sketch was nothing more than doodling, yet Jesus saw something I did not. This was by no means a formal proof through a string of logical arguments starting from axioms; nevertheless, it seemed to me to be an airtight argument.
+The next day, Jesus told us that he had had a dream that the theorem was not specifically about squares. And when he awoke, he realized that his dream was right.
+"It seems that the Pythagorean theorem is about numbersthat is, the squares of the lengths of the sides," Jesus said. "But the square of a length is also the area of a square whose side is that length. So, is the theorem about numbers or geometry?"
+"Perhaps it's about both," I said, amazed by the thought and innocent of the remarkable possibility that geometry and arithmetic could reflect each other.
+A few days into our trip, we came to the little town of San Mauricio. What a great surprise. The sidewalks on both sides of its short main street were paved in the same mosaic tesseral pattern as those of Caracas. In the center was a bronze statue of Simón Bolivar. The mayor was Jesus's uncle, who spoke English well enough for me to understand him without Roger's help. He was a short man with a bushy moustache, a round face, and curly black hair who constantly chewed tobacco and never removed his sunglasses, even as the evening turned dark. He arranged a feast in our honor. Most of the town was visible from our outdoor feast on a little hill under the shade of tall mahogany trees, with nearby monkeys playfully jumping in all directions. In the distance, I could see long, low buildings that might have been army barracks; three gray water towers; and two rows of thatched roofed mud houses, churuatas. I could see the town communal vegetable garden sprawling down to a wide section of the Manapire River that zigzagged through lush, receding valleys with birds of all colors tunefully sharing fruit and berries of their heavenly habitat.
+A magnificently embroidered tablecloth of geometric design was laid out on three long boards supported by tree stumps. Exotic fruits of every kind were placed around the ends to keep the cloth from the welcome evening breezes. Apricots, mangos, and guava were piled high in the center, along with several cooked chickens bathing in thick coconut milk. Two large goldfish bowls of lemonade and cut lemons balanced the boards. My thirst was perpetual, and although I recall the lemonade more vividly than anything else on the table, I still remember the flowers and rainbow-colored berries strategically placed to make an impressive presentation. It was quite a surprise that such a remote village would salute unimportant, uninvited, undeserving strangers with such generous display.
+Our host was very interested in America, especially President Kennedy. Conversation was a battle. Although he seemed to be an educated man, he had the charmingly innocent background of someone with only Caracas newspaper and radio versions of the bigger world outside of his remote village.
+Jesus, meanwhile, couldn't get enough mathematics. He returned to his thoughts about the Pythagorean theorem and felt that somehow he had to be more convinced. I had no real idea how to prove the theorem in any conventional sense and could only try to persuade him by virtue of experience, intuition, and compelling forces suggesting that it couldn't not be true. Parmenides was referring to this kind of persuasion in his poem The Way of Truth: "The only ways of enquiry that can be thought of: the one way, that it is and cannot not-be, is the path of Persuasion, for it attends upon Truth."
+I was amazed to find that even small schoolboys in San Mauricio knew the Pythagorean theorem and could give reasonably persuasive arguments in favor of belief. The mayor called for a boy, no older than ten, to give credible evidence that the theorem is true and to show how well his town's school prepared schoolchildren. The mayor pretended to be choosing a boy at random from a small group of curious children standing at a comfortable distance behind an imaginary dividing line. The boy was dark-skinned, shirtless, and smiling, and had hair combed in an attempt to cover a recent wound to the left side of his head. With a great deal of help from the mayor, the boy allegedly proved the theorem while drawing a picture on the back of an old movie poster of Clark Gable hovering over the exposed cleavage of Janet Leigh.
+The schoolboy had given a well-known Hindu "proof" of the Pythagorean theorem. The Hindu version simply gives a picture like the one the boy drew, except that it includes the word BEHOLD! It is a very persuasive picture. From it, you can deduce the Pythagorean theorem by comparing the areas of the triangles, rectangles, and squares in the figure.
+The problem with this "Hindu proof" is that it is not really a proof, but merely a picture. The proof is in the ability to rearrange the triangles, rectangles, and squares in such a way that the two small (shaded) squares fit inside the tilted square.
+This is essentially what the boy said: "Draw a right triangle. (I). Then draw a square on the hypotenuse (II). You can fit both your triangle and the square on the hypotenuse into a larger square (III). From two corners of the original triangle, draw two lines parallel to the sides (IV), and color or shade the four rectangles defined by the large square and the two lines that you just drew. Your picture should look something like V."
+In Figure V, there are four triangles that have the same area as the original triangle. There is a tilted square, which is really the square on the hypotenuse of the original triangle. And there is a big square that borders the entire figure. Next, notice that there are two small squares that are the squares on each of the sides of the original triangle. Let A represent the area of the original triangle. Let B represent the area of the big square.
+Check that B 4A equals the area of the tilted square. Then check that B 4A also equals the sum of the areas of the squares on the sides of the original triangle. Now use the fact that two things that are equal to a third must be equal to each other to convince yourself that the theorem is true for your original triangle.
+The next morning, the mayor, encouraged by the schoolboy's performance, took us to the village school that was established in 1902 and appropriately named, in translation, The Search for Knowledge School. It was impressively active; students were seated at desks working on what appeared to be math projects. The teacher seemed to know the history of mathematics better than mathematics itself, but he was clearly attached to his students. He was a tall man, whiter than his fellow villagers, with a small black beard and a nervous habit of using one hand to pick at the fingernails of the other. He claimed to have spent some time in Texas doing migrant farm work. His English was clear. When I asked about textbooks, he exchanged glances with the mayor and said, "I am the only one with a textbook. We don't have enough textbooks; so I give the lessons from my copy." But the mayor interrupted.
+"We have a fine library," he said and immediately led us out of the schoolhouse to proudly lead us to one more place.
+(.
+A recent study from a single institution found that female sex was independently associated with increased risk of neurological events and higher mortality after cardiac surgery compared with men.12 To evaluate whether women undergoing cardiac surgery are more likely to suffer neurological complications than men and whether these complications could explain, at least in part, their higher operative mortality, we reviewed the Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) National Cardiac Surgery Database. The STS database contains information about patient risk factors and operative outcomes from voluntarily participating cardiac surgery centers throughout North America.7 This large database is especially useful for this purpose because the data are derived from multiple institutions (both academic and private practice settings), thus providing a relevant benchmark for a wide array of surgical practices.
+Patient Population
+Data from patients whose clinical characteristics were entered into the STS National Database from 1996 through 1997 were analyzed. There were 487 389 available patients, but neurological outcome data were not available for 71 042 (15%). Outcome data were complete on the remaining 416 347, and of these, 133 231 (32%) were women. Comparison of data from patients with and without missing data related to neurological outcomes showed no significant differences in any of the other variables examined, suggesting that patients with complete data were representative of the entire data set. Demographic and other characteristics of the patients included in the analysis are listed in Table 1
+.
+Neurological Outcomes
+Postoperative neurological events included stroke, transient ischemic attack, and/or coma, defined as follows: (1) stroke, a new, permanent, global or focal neurological deficit; (2) transient ischemic attack, a new, transient, focal neurological deficit; and (3) coma, a global neurological deficit lasting >24 hours that could not be explained by other medical conditions (eg, metabolic abnormalities, hypoxia, and/or drugs).
+Statistical Analysis
+Analysis was performed with Statistical Analysis System software (SAS Institute). The distributions of risk factors by sex were compared to examine the degree of imbalance among risk factors. To determine the effect of sex on the occurrence of a neurological event, the unadjusted sex effect was considered first. Multivariable logistic regression was then used to examine the effect of female sex after control for confounding variables. In this analysis, only those patients with complete outcomes and covariate data were used (n=201 164). Covariates selected for adjustment included variables shown to have an association with high risk for a neurological event. To take into consideration the confounding influence of the often smaller body size of female patients on the risk for perioperative neurological events, weight was added to the multivariable model so that the added effect of sex after control for weight could be examined.
+The c-index was performed to reflect the ability of the model to discriminate patients with a neurological event from those without. Specifically, the c-index considers all possible pairs of patients that can be formed such that one patient has a neurological event and the other does not. The c-index is equal to the proportion of pairs for which the patient with the neurological event has a higher predicted probability of having a neurological event than the patient without. The c-index ranges from 0.5 (no ability to discriminate) to 1.0 (full ability to discriminate). Thus, all predicted c-index values for patients who suffered a neurological event are higher than all predicted values for patients with no neurological event.
+Interactions between sex and the variables associated with risk of neurological event were examined. Because of the magnitude of the data set and large number of hypothesis tests, these were considered significant only if the probability value was P<0.01.
+Multivariable Analysis
+The results of the multivariable analysis are listed in Table 3
+. After adjustment for the covariates listed, female
+sex was independently associated with increased risk for a new
+postoperative neurological event (OR versus men 1.31,
+P<0.001). Analysis of
+body weight demonstrated that higher body weight for both sexes was
+significantly associated with lower risk for a
+perioperative neurological event (OR 0.93,
+P<0.001). Nonetheless, after
+control for weight, female sex remained an independent predictor of
+postoperative neurological events (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.28). The
+c-index for the model with adjustment for covariates (including weight)
+and sex was 0.73. Interactions between sex and other variables
+previously identified to indicate high risk for postoperative
+neurological events (age, cardiogenic shock, diabetes mellitus, renal
+failure, and congestive heart failure) were examined but were not
+significant. There was a marginally significant interaction between sex
+and cerebrovascular disease
+(P=0.0178). The nature of the
+interaction was such that the OR for women relative to men was higher
+for patients without cerebrovascular disease than for patients with
+cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.25 versus 1.09).
+Length of Stay and 30-Day Mortality
+The median postoperative length of stay for women was 6 days and for men 5 days (P<0.001). Among those with a new postoperative neurological event, the duration of hospitalization after surgery was similar for both sexes (median 11 days). The overall 30-day mortality (Table 4
+) was significantly higher for women than for men
+(5.7% versus 3.5%, P<0.001).
+For both sexes, the 30-day mortality increased as the complexity of the
+surgical procedure increased (CABG versus valve surgery versus combined
+CABG and valve surgery) and as the age of the patients increased (from
+<50, to 50 to 70, to >70 years). For all types of surgical procedures
+and in all age groups, women had a significantly higher 30-day
+mortality than men. In the group as a whole, 30-day mortality for
+patients with a new neurological event was 7-fold higher than for
+patients not detected as having this complication (30% versus 4.2%,
+P<0.001). The 30-day mortality
+for women who suffered a postoperative neurological event was
+significantly higher than for men who suffered this complication (33%
+versus 28%,
+P<0.001).
+Importance of Age and Sex in Cardiac
+Surgery
+Individuals >65 years old are the fastest-growing segment of the American population. It is projected that this elderly population will increase from 35 million in 2000 to >78 million by the year 2050.13 An increase has also been noted in the number of elderly women undergoing cardiac surgery, who now account for
+30% of the 700 000 patients undergoing this
+surgery in the United States every
+year.7 8 This
+number is likely to continue to increase for elderly women,
+particularly because they experience a delayed onset of cardiac
+disease, compared with men, until the onset of menopause, presumably
+because of the protective effects of estrogen on the
+cardiovascular
+system.14 The higher
+morbidity and mortality of women undergoing cardiac surgery thus have
+important public health implications. Our findings corroborate other
+studies showing the important relationship between new neurological
+events and increased risk for operative
+mortality.10 11 12
+This complication is second only to low cardiac output syndrome as the
+most important cause of death after cardiac
+surgery.10 The results of
+the present study extend these findings that women are at higher
+risk for new neurological events after cardiac surgery and suggest that
+the excess 30-day mortality in women undergoing cardiac surgery may be
+explained, at least in part, by the higher incidence of new
+perioperative neurological
+events.12
+Female Sex and Risk for Stroke
+Compared with men, women undergoing cardiac surgery tend to be older and to have more comorbid conditions, which alone predispose to neurological injury from cardiac surgery.2 3 4 5 6 7 After adjusting for these factors by multivariable logistic regression analysis, however, we found that female sex was independently associated with increased risk of neurological events after cardiac surgery (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.28, P<0.001). Mortality does not compensate for this sex difference, because women also have higher 30-day mortality. The results of this study thus focus attention on causes of operative mortality for women other than those traditionally used to explain sex differences in outcomes (eg, greater age, small coronary artery size, more frequent comorbidities).2 3 4 5 6 7 Because the increased susceptibility for neurological events in women undergoing cardiac surgery cannot be explained by these traditional risk factors, the question of whether low circulating estrogen concentrations could have played a role is raised. A large number of studies have shown that estrogen limits the extent of neuronal injury in a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models.15 16 17 18 19 20 Whether estrogen replacement therapy results in a reduction in perioperative strokes is not known.
+Importance of Other Risk Factors
+Histories of cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, previous cerebrovascular accident, and hypertension were independent predictors of new postoperative neurological events, as has been shown in multiple studies.10 11 Although this study did not evaluate atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and of the aortic arch, other studies have shown that it identifies patients at high risk of suffering new postoperative neurological events from atheroembolism.12 21 22 23 24 It has been documented that age and previous stroke are particularly strong predictors of adverse neurological outcomes after cardiac surgery, possibly because they identify patients at higher risk of atheroembolism and/or those with impaired cerebral blood flow autoregulation, predisposing to cerebral hypoperfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass.10 11 12 25 26 After adjustment for the presence of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta and the carotid arteries, it has been shown that age is not associated with risk for stroke and that previous stroke is the most significant risk factor.12 The latter finding suggests that the risk of perioperative stroke associated with advancing age is related to other risk factors that are more prevalent in older patients and not to age per se. The findings of reduced risk for perioperative neurological complications in obese patients, those with more severe angina, and patients taking aspirin are noteworthy. Most postoperative neurological events after cardiac surgery are due to cerebral embolism, and aspirin use until the day of surgery may decrease the risk of thromboembolism, but the association between obesity and risk of perioperative neurological deficits is not clear.10 11 12 27 28
+Limitations of This Study
+The STS National Cardiac Database provides data from a large number of patients from a wide array of both academic and private institutions, which enhances the generalizability of these results. The most important limitation of this study is that, because information is provided to the database on a voluntary basis, centers with less than optimal operative results may not provide complete reports, resulting in a bias toward lower complication rates. The STS assures strict confidentiality, however, which guards against this potential problem. Assuming that centers with less than optimal results comply with full reporting, the results of this study should be widely applicable, because the inherent bias associated with analysis of data from a single academic institution is avoided. The rate of neurological complications found in our study (3.3% of the whole population) is similar to that found in a recent large multi-institutional study.11 The neurological end points used in this study are very clearly defined and probably represent the most severe manifestations of neurological injury after cardiac surgery.
+Conclusions
+In this large, multi-institutional study of 416 347 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we found that compared with men, women (who composed 32% of the study population) had a higher incidence of new postoperative neurological events and higher 30-day mortality when they suffered neurological complications. The higher risk for postoperative neurological complications in women cannot be fully explained by presently known risk factors. Development of strategies to reduce neurological injury from cardiac surgery is necessary to improve mortality associated with cardiac surgery in both sexes, but particularly in women.
+2. Hall RJ, Elayda MA, Gray A, et al. Coronary artery bypass: long-term follow-up of 22,284 consecutive patients. Circulation. 1983;68(suppl II):II-20II-26.
+3. Fisher LD, Kennedy JW, Davis KB, et al. Association of sex, physical size, and operative mortality after coronary artery bypass in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;84:334341.[Abstract]
+4. Loop FD, Golding LR, Macmillan JP, et al. Coronary artery surgery in women compared with men: analyses of risks and long-term results. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1:383390.[Abstract]
+5. Khan SS, Nessim S, Gray R, et al. Increased mortality of women in coronary artery bypass surgery: evidence for referral bias. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:561567.
+6. Mickleborough LL, Takagi Y, Maruyama H, et al. Is sex a factor in determining operative risk for aortocoronary bypass graft surgery? Circulation. 1995;92(suppl II):II-80II-84.
+7.
+Edwards FH, Carey
+JS, Grover FL, et al. Impact of gender on coronary bypass
+operative mortality. Ann Thorac
+Surg. 1998;66:125131.
+8. Peterson ED, Cowper PA, Jollis JG, et al. Outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 24461 patients aged 80 years or older. Circulation. 1995;92[suppl II]:II-85II-91.
+9. Steingart RM, Packer M, Hamm P, et al. Sex differences in the management of coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:226230.[Abstract]
+10. Tuman KJ, McCarthy RJ, Najafi H, et al. Differential effects of advanced age on neurologic and cardiac risks of coronary artery operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;104:15101517.[Abstract]
+11.
+Roach GW,
+Kanchuger M, Mora-Mangano C, et al. Adverse cerebral outcomes after
+coronary bypass surgery. N
+Engl Med. 1996;335:18571863.
+12.
+Hogue CW Jr,
+Murphy SF, Schechman KB, et al. Risk factors for early or delayed
+stroke after cardiac surgery.
+Circulation. 1999;100:642647.
+13. Day JC. Population projections of the United States by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origins: 1995 to 2050. Current Population Reports. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census, US Printing Office; 1996:25.
+14. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:11051110.[Abstract]
+15. Goodman Y, Bruce AJ, Cheng B, et al. Estrogens attenuate and corticosterone exacerbates excitotoxicity, oxidative injury and amyloid ß-peptide toxicity in hippocampal neurons. J Neurochem. 1996;66:18361844.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
+16. Weaver CE, Park-Chung M, Gibbs TT, et al. 17-ß-Estradiol protects against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by direct inhibition of NMDA receptors. Brain Res. 1997;761:338341.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
+17. Simpkins JW, Rajakumar G, Zhang YQ, et al. Estrogens may reduce mortality and ischemic damage caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the female rat. J Neurosurg. 1997;87:724730.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
+18. Dubal DB, Kashon ML, Pettigrew LC, et al. Estradiol protects against ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1998;18:12531258.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
+19.
+Rusa R, Alkayed
+NJ, Crain BJ, et al. 17-ß-Estradiol reduces stroke injury in
+estrogen-deficient female animals.
+Stroke. 1999;30:16651670.
+20.
+Alkayed NJ,
+Harukuni I, Kimes AS, et al. Gender-linked brain injury in experimental
+stroke. Stroke. 1998;29:159166.
+21. Blauth CI, Cosgrove DM, Webb BW, et al. Atheroembolism from the ascending aorta: an emerging problem in cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1992;103:11041112.[Abstract]
+22. Amarenco P, Duyckaerts C, Tzourio C, et al. The prevalence of ulcerated plaques in the aortic arch in patients with stroke. N Engl J Med. 1992;362:221225.
+23. Wareing TH, Dávila-Román VG, Daily BB, et al. Strategy for the reduction of stroke incidence in cardiac surgical patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;55:14001408.[Abstract]
+24. Dávila-Román VG, Phillips KF, Daily BB, et al. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and epiaortic ultrasound for assessment of atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:942947.[Abstract]
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+Ackerman RH, Correia JA, et al. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular
+CO2 reactivity in stroke-age normal controls.
+Neurology. 1983;33:391399.
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+KF, Meyer JS, et al. Cerebral blood flow changes in benign aging and
+cerebrovascular disease.
+Neurology. 1984;34:855862.
+27. Pugsley W, Klinger L, Paschalis C, et al. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological function. Stroke. 1994;25:13931399.[Abstract]
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+This article has been cited by other articles:
+CULTURE BLOG
+ADVENTURE BY BIKE®
+Earlier this week I mentioned I'd be sharing my thoughts on carbon production. Today, I'm going to delve into my first hand experiences during last week's trip to China. I'll share some of my observations and give you a little information on the process of building carbon fiber bikes.
+First, a little bit about the factories. I intentionally went into this trip with few expectations. All I knew was that we would be spending 2 days in China and visiting several factories. I was travelling with Steve (Owner), Rich (QBP Director of Product), & Joe (Product Designer). I knew our schedule would be tight. I felt a little bit like an infant learning something new. The first visit we had so many questions. That 1st visit was long as it was the first time we got to witness the process from start to finish. In the end, we left this first visit excited and motivated to learn more.
+At the end of the first day, we had visited several factories. One factory even ordered KFC and Pizza Hut for us. Nothing like eating American fast food in China. We left this first day amazed and a bit overwhelmed with information and observations.
+A few things stood out to me.
+1) Carbon fiber manufacturing is so darn labor intensive. This is why a great majority of carbon manufacturing is moving to China. The labor force is strong, skilled and efficient.
+2) The conditions of the factories blew me away. From the rolls and rolls of pre-preg carbon, to the cutting rooms, to the lay up rooms, to the forgings, ovens, presses, etc. Most factories were quite clean. Some were better than others. Conditions were good.
+3) They take this business seriously. China is investing heavily in carbon. Many of the factories we visited were either in new facilities or planning to move to brand new facilities. One other note on taking it seriously, one factory had 60 R&D engineers and technicians. Wow!
+4) Dorms. All the factories we visited had dormatories to house the workers. The workers work hard. The Chinese government has regulations for # of hours worked and # of days per week worked, but when asked, most of the workers wanted more hours so they could send money home to their families.
+5) Process and work flow. Almost every factory we visited had the same process. One thing I found so interesting was the work flow. In every factory, the process went up. Raw material, carbon cutting & lay up, and forging were on the first floor. Second floor always had finishing. If there was a third floor, the final finishing and boxxing happened there. Finished frames on the top floor!? That means every frame they produce needed to be moved down the elevator(s). Seems slow and bulky to me. In my simple mind, I had expected it to be the opposite. Finished product on lowest floor so that it could be put in shipping containers immediately upon completion.
+6) If you have a carbon bike or a carbon component on your bike, part or some part of it was likely manufactured in China. I could not believe it. I won't name names, but many products and brands were represented including many that I did not expect. This part was eye opening. Another fact here is that Europe must account for at least 65% of the carbon business and even more if you are specifically talking about carbon road bikes. One factory said that over 80% of their business was Europe!
+So...enough observations. Here's a little bit about the process. This is overly simplistic, but should give you an idea of the process. This process is assuming the design and the development is completed. Also, most factories don't let you take pictures so you'll have to imagine some of these steps. Here is the process for monocoque frames.
+- Cutting of pre preg into specific angles and cuts. All pieces to build the product are bundled and put together with build spec sheets
+- Lay up. Layer by layer the carbon is hand layed up over silicon molds and/or plastic air bladders
+- bladders are placed in heavy steel molds and internal air fittings are attached
+- Molds are transferred to press, bladders are filled with air pushing the carbon outward into the mold, and heated to roughly 300 degrees
+- Molds are removed from presses, cooled and then the carbon frames are removed
+- Frames are cleaned, sanded and prepared for final finishing and/or assembly
+- Rear triangles are attached to the monocoque front triangle
+- Final prep
+- Stiffness test. 100% testing is done on stiffness to see if it meets the spec. This step also gives poor results if something went wrong in one of the other steps
+- Final finishing if they pass
+- Boxxing
+- Shipping
+Lastly, here are a few photo's detailing some of this process.
+Here, two workers are prepping a mold and attaching fixtures to bladders
+Here is a pic of the oven and press. Molds are heavy!
+Each frame size must have a different mold. Another reason carbon frame are |
+I’ve been in a lot of factories in China and it never made sense to me to see the front end process at the top floor and back end process on the ground floor. IMO, the dirtiest wast generating process with the heaviest machinery should be on the ground floor so that raw material can flow in/out easily. Just from the building structural stand point it makes no sense to have all those heavy stamping & molding machinery on the top, and believe me I’ve seen it all. It’s surprising we don’t hear of more structural failures in China with some of the stuff I’ve seen.
+Butcher |
+AHA! When you think of waste, the process does make sense. Thank you.
+Butcher |
+It’s not about shame. It isn’t our product. Salsa just thinks it’s up to the company or brand to make that decision. Not our place. Sorry. Hope this helps explain. Have a good weekend.
+MG |
+LOL… I was wondering how long it’d take for someone to ask that question outright.
+Anonymous |
+What does it matter?<BR><BR>If there is no shame in having your product produced in China, then why hide whose frame it is.<BR><BR>Sounds fair to me.
+Anonymous |
+The guy on the right is wearing tennis shoes. Don’t they make steel-toed boots in China?
+Anonymous |
+“when asked, most of the workers wanted more hours so they could send money home to their families.”<BR><BR>Where is ‘home?’ Are they moving from other towns in China to these Factory/Dorm complexes?<BR><BR>Or are they not Chinese nationals?<BR><BR>In your opinion, how would this compare to someone from the lower 48 moving to work in an Alaskan cannery?
+Captain Bob |
+Very interesting. Thanks.<BR><BR>I bet those are carbon toed tennis shoes…. cause steel is too real?
+Captain Bob |
+that frame looks like one of those Gary Fisher Superflys.
+MG |
+lol… carbon-toed tennies. now that would be supa-fly!!!<BR><BR>it’s amazing to think that just a decade ago, you couln’t hardly get a decent hi-tensile steel frame out of china. today it’s quite a different case. i have to admit i have reservations about the price the global environment is paying for china’s industrial revolution, but it’s not for me to pass judgment either.
+Butcher |
+I sure wish that I could answer some of the questions already put forth. I’ll try. <BR><BR>Shoes - It appeared that everyone had “job” appropriate shoes for the jobs they were doing. I also got to wear some sweet covers on my shoes (as did everyone) in some of the carbon cutting and lay up rooms. Nothing shocking here. In fact, the shoes and attire were nothing different that I see in the QBP warehouse. <BR><BR>Regarding homes. It was clear in talking with folks that many folks move away from home. With the industrial revolution that is going on in China, there is much opportunity for work. Unfortunately, in many cases, China is so large and many factories are closer to the coast and/or shipping centers. This geographical fact forces them to move away from home. <BR><BR>Regarding the cannery in Alaska question. I cannot answer regarding the conditions as I’ve never been in a cannery, but the physical relocation to Alaska or a job is very similar. <BR><BR>I know what frame it is and it IS NOT a superfly.
+Jason |
+Great post J.B.. Thanks for the insight. I love see this stuff. I’ll also be anxious to see what/if any future Salsa CF products come forth from you recon.<BR><BR>KFC & Pizza Hut? That would be my luck. Travel to the other side of the world and eat something that I would not even eat HERE! :)<BR><BR>JM
+Captain Bob |
+Was the shoe coverings for your protection or the facility? Maybe both? <BR><BR>Nice frame regardless.
+Guitar Ted |
+Thanks for the insights Jason. I am not at all surprised at what you found. Much of China is rural, the people are hard working, and the fact that they want to work more to take care of their families doesn’t sound so different from this countries history. <BR><BR>Carbon fiber is fascinating stuff. Thanks for the look see into the process.
+andrewfreye.com |
+I thought for a minute to think why a factory would move its opperations up floors after reading your observation. If your factory has multiple floors, then something is going to have to go up (even if you produce from top to bottom) right? My guess is there is more material, machines etc… so why not keep the bulk of stuff on the bottom, and then work you way up? Then when the product is finished and boxed all you have to is ship that out of the factory? If you started top to bottom then all raw materials etc. would have to be shipped up to the top and then back down as the process continues… Thats the only reason I could come up with.<BR><BR>It is kind of to bad so much manufacturing is moving to China. Just look at the up comming Olympics and the air quality…
+Butcher |
+AF - Yes, I think there are many reasons for how they lay things out, it is just very different than what we do at Quality Bicycle Products. We think of stuff that is up high as slow moving or overstock. It is just a different way of thinking.<BR><BR>Regarding the air quality. Yes, it is a concern. However, in my opinion, it is similar to any industrializing nation. To me the difference is that as you go back in time, we have different measurements, values and expectations. The other difference is we don’t fully understand the cumulative effect of what industrialization and consumption means.
+Anonymous |
+What frame is it then?
+Butcher |
+It’s lower end European road frame not sold in the US.
+Google in PRODUCT RECALL for its Glass spy-goggles …
+Not interested until a company that makes nice shades picks up the technology.
+Not interested at ALL. EVER.
+Presumably you can buy your own nice shades, and simply attach the Google Glass thingy to them. Hence the product replacement. Which makes sense, as it seems pretty silly to provide frames with it, for the large percentage of the population who are already wearing them.
+I quite like the idea of Google Glass, it could do some useful things. Except that the screen looks really really small. So I can't imagine how much you can actually read in it. As someone who walks a lot, a sat-nav display would be useful, as would being able to change tracks on a music player while both hands are full. For things like calls and texts, I'm happy to put down what I'm doing, stop and take the phone out of my pocket. And trying to read emails looks like a recipe for walking into a lamppost.
+One of the most useful things I can imagine would be for reading small text or signs. But given how poor my eyesight is, I'd imagine I'd need glasses to read the Google Glass screen, so might as well use them on the label in question. Although being able to point at train station departure board, and have some sort of OCR cleverness tell me which platform to go to and where it is would be lovely.
+Yep. let me know when they sign a deal with Oakley. Until then i'll enjoy using the "glassholes" reference :)
+These are small… but the ones out there are far away. Small… far away…
+yes the screen is very small... but it's also right in front of your eye. so probably appears not so small when in use
+I wouldn't want to wear them all the time, but for going skiing I would go nuts for a pair of Oakleys with a plug in heads up display that reports my speed, location, highlights the location of other people I'm with on the mountain, outlines the piste boundaries, auto records my runs (but not the lift ride back), allow me to make and take calls without taking my gloves off (have you ever tried taking a call whilst skiing down a mountain? 1 second to notice a caller, 2 seconds to stop to a halt, 2 seconds to unzip and get the phone out of pocket, 1 second to decide whether to answer, 4 seconds to get gloves off in order to answer...)
+So what, you'll take an expensive pair of stylish sunglasses and do away with the style component? If that's the case you can just pick up some sunglasses from the gas station and save yourself some money.
+If you think Oakleys are stylish sunglasses, you are the one doing away with the style component. Oakleys are tough, the frames are titanium, the lenses are strengthened polycarbonate and are interchangeable for when even tough is not tough enough.
+You buy Oakleys because you are fed up of snow blindness from the ineffective anti glare coating on the gas station glasses, and/or have sun burn from the gas station glasses filtering UV-A and not UV-B, and/or are fed up of having to replace them for the 5th time this trip because you took a minor spill.
+Besides which, you would hope most of it can be put behind the mirror blue lenses.
+@AC
+have you ever tried taking a call whilst skiing down a mountain?
+----------------------
+Why would I answer the phone when I'm skiing?
+You don't *have* to answer the phone, you know.
+Re: @AC
+Why would I answer the phone when I'm skiing?
+You don't *have* to answer the phone, you know.
+Er, I think some people have read this as "Take work call whilst skiing". I'm much more in the "Knowing what restaurant to ski to for lunch" sphere of phone calls whilst skiing. In fact, if it was work, I'd probably ignore it.
+I was thinking Rayban. Imagine "Top Gun" re-shot with Google Glass.
+Re: These are small… but the ones out there are far away. Small… far away…
+Does it have any sort of adjustment though? some people don't have perfect vision.
+Going from a button and non-touch world back to a cumbersome UI is the biggest problem. Voice control and a small touchpad is a really terrible user interface for getting things done. It's okay for on the move, but using them on a crowded train and you're liable to get punched.
+You realize that titanium is a fairly poor choice for flexural strength and is only used in eye-ware for its 'stylish' marketing appeal? Even poor forgotten copper is superior to Ti and Ti alloys for flex resistance (bending) and there are a wide variety of better, cheaper and easier to manufacture materials for such applications than Ti. The point being that regardless of ones fashion sense, Oakley eye-ware is absolutely not technically advanced, on any front. They are 100% fashion accessories.
+As far as the use of Ti goes, about 95% of consumer uses are completely for marketing purposes. Rare is the consumer product that actually benefits from any of the specific qualities of titanium, other than the fact you can make stuff out of it. In fact, Ti is almost always detrimental, or at the very least pointless, and adds only cost for the buyer.
+I was poking a bit of fun at the whole Google Glass crowd, but honestly I could care less about the fashion choices of others. The technical aspects you cite though, that simply proves that form over function marketing is highly effective.
+titanium - very high corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio.
+Makes you wonder why anyone would use it for making things to hang off your ears....?
+like these?
+or this one from Oakley?
+" highlights the location of other people I'm with on the mountain, outlines the piste boundaries,"
+Isn't doing that with your own brain and eyeballs an integral part of the sport? All that augmentation just turns it into a video game.
+Fair enough for people who already wear glasses (and it's still a big market) but is someone with perfect vision going to wear glasses to make use of this device? Think not.
+Hint: That is why so many people wear contact lenses or have laser eye surgery.
+Yeah...about that...the 2nd gen, looks worse than the first gen
+Sometimes when you are skiing, it can also be snowing. When it is snowing, the sky is white, the ground is white, the clouds (which you are in) are white. A big glowing red line in the HUD would delineate the piste from the off piste, and perhaps stop you accidentally skiing off a cliff in bad vis. Things that stop me killing myself I generally consider "useful" and not "part of the video game".
+Similarly, if you're on a long piste, is that bloke in the black 1km downhill your mate, or just another person wearing black. Did they go left or right at the junction? Which restaurant were we skiing to again*?
+Plus, skiing isn't necessarily sport, it's just spending some nice time in the mountains moving from place to place on skis. It's not all Ski Sunday grand slalom races y'know.
+Titanium does have fairly high corrosion resistance, but what the fuck is wrong with your face that you need corrosion resistance like that? Your pores will never excrete anything that needs that kind of corrosion resistance and be alive at the same time.
+There's really no such thing as 'strength to weight ratio' in applied materials. Every material has specific strengths and weaknesses that you use to select the most appropriate material for whatever you're making. Again, Ti and Ti alloys are absolutely not the best material, on any front, for most things. Including sunglasses.
+I'd rather they signed a deal with Julbo - but there you are, the nub of the problem is how to embody and interface with ubiquitous computing on the next step up from the smartphone, which simply replaced the dumbphones in our pockets. Not quite so simple, this one.
+"glassholes" I like it! I can never see myself wanting something like this. As AC above says if they had Rayban styling or similar I *might* be tempted but I doubt it really. Then again, I said I would never want a tablet and now I'm glued to one. Ho hum.
+Igloo?
+Igloo? So Canadians can get in on this too then?
+Re: Igloo?
+Looks like we've been having nicer weather than the UK recently. :-p
+I wonder if it causing wearers to go cross-eyed?
+Too soon.
+Wake me up when they release Google Eyes (tm)
+Re: Too soon.
+Google Peepers.
+Re: Google Eyes (tm)
+Are you nuts? You'd never escape the ads.
+Who will protect us?
+For those of use who are camera shy, value our privacy and don't want to be filmed while out and about in the world, will there be a device to block such intrusive voyeurism or have we finally surrendered our lives to that evil corporation?
+Re: Who will protect us?
+Who is protecting you from being filmed on a smartphone while out and about?
+Re: Who will protect us?
+Tin foil hat?
+You are being recorded every moment of every day already, Google Glass changes nothing in this respect...
+Re: Who will protect us?
+Try wearing a pair of old tights over your head. You'll find this works well to protect your privacy.
+Re: Who will protect us?
+Try wearing a pair of old tights over your head. You'll find this works well to protect your privacy.
+Just don't go in to the bank and say "I'd like to withdraw some money please".
+Re: Who will protect us?
+A smartphone tends to be visible or you can recognise that someone is holding one.
+Re: Who will protect us?
+Don't worry, you simply have to follow the industry guidelines, and have "_NoFuckingSpyCams" tattooed on your forehead to avoid Glasshole privacy slurping turmoil.
+Or carry a cricket bat.
+Target Audience
+Since the group of people who would be into this are, in my view, narcissistic twits, should we expect the cameras to point at the wearers of this newer version of Glass?
+What a bargin
+Be a guinea pig AND be a salesman - SHUT UP AND TAKE MY MONEY.
+ha! only joking, google can kiss my glass.
+.
+Now, communicating the issues to the manufacturer in a way that decision makers for the next generation actually hear is an entirely different issue, but even then user feedback is crucial if you want to sell something (see: Surface Tablet for more info).
+."
+Yes and usually the guinea pigs are expected to buy the next generation along with the great unwashed.
+If Google are really doing this, it represents a major difference in the way desirable consumer tech is trialled.
+Re: What a bargin
+Oh .. It's much worse than that.
+The first group of beta testers (not sure if it is still happening) actually had to fly to a designated place and pay to be allowed to use them after "winning" some kind of competition.
+Seriously though.. I can see many uses for these things. And I seem to be one of the few who realise that it is indeed possible to take them off your face at will.
+Re: What a bargin
+I completely agree that Google's forthrightness in the matter is somewhat disturbing. Knowing in the back of your mind that the next generation of a product is going to be better is one thing, but being told upfront that you're new shiny is already being replaced is a significant shift in tone. It's a risky thing to do (see the post I originally responded to) and I can't see any advantage in it.
+Google is still very new to retail though, so maybe they just don't understand how to present to the consumer. Their communications are famous for being the opposite of open or straightforward...
+Nothing can protect us from bad taste
+Google's bad taste in styling is something that we are doomed to have forced on us. Even if we don't purchase such things we will be trapped in the view from one of their 'explorers'. I wonder how many people have already had their privacy intruded on by some geek wearing them.
+I bet that Google would not be happy with someone intruding on their privacy be it through someone wearing goo-hole glasses or through the lens of a normal camera.
+Will never buy them. Would not buy anything like it regardless of who made it. They are tacky, more tacky than a watch that vibrates when you get a text message and has an intrusive camera on the wristband taking little snapshots of other people's lives.
+Well I'm off to my hermit cabin up in the far reaches of the mountains to keep out of the view of these camera's built into watches and glasses....LOL
+Really amazed
+At the negativity these things bring out. Real hostility to what is after all just a smartphone on a glasses frame. And EVERYONE commenting here, I expect, has a smartphone.
+Weird.
+As for what Google are doing here - what's the problem? New iteration of a new product (just like every other company does) and Google are offering an upgrade (you know, like Apple do with iPhones, except they charge loads). Hardware changes so fast nowadays it's remotely surprising they have a new version out already.
+Re: Really amazed
+It's less bad even than upgrading a hardware product for free, because these are not on general release and are essentially provided to a beta-test team of "Explorers". So it's almost as much of a fail as rolling back a software change in Dev.
+Re: Really amazed
+I don't have a smartphone, barely a cellphone, but I'd be happy to get Glasses when the price drops to the expected smartphone parity. No phone to hold on to, no need to grab reading glasses and no tiny keyboard to tap on. Road directions in a head-up display (perfect for bicycling), hands-free access to phone and internet and the ability to install sun lenses. Great! Couple that with a screenless matchbox-sized Nexus 0 voice/data hub (TBA?) and it's a perfect solution. Glassholes? You think Bluetooth earpieces look stylish and people walking with their head down look smart?
+Meh
+I hope they address the most glaring deficiency of the original Glass so selfies will be easier for the narcissistic at heart. Think about it, if you have to take them off then you can't demonstrate how hip you are wearing your Glass. Maybe the new one will include a mirror.
+I guess this will make the Gen 1 Glass a super duper collectable if most folks go for the swap.
+1984
+Not even George Orwell predicted that people would walk around with cameras attached to their heads
+wha?
+I thought this was the reg? Why wouldnt you want a wearable heads-up display, connected to the vast knowledge of the web? Id have one implanted into my eye if i could. I thought this was a site for IT geeks and dreamers. Instead some of you are moaning about not having your picture taken, like shy tweens, or suspicous tribesmen. What is wrong with you?
+Re: wha?
+How often do you talk to your computer to browse the web?
+Being heads up tempts people into viewing the web and social media while doing tasks that require full concentration.
+Re: wha?
+That's right. Wonder how it feels to have a quiet dinner with a friend who wears one of?
+To read the story, ask Diogenes a stupid question.
+This week in The Prattler, "Hosing Off" to be published around 1 PM TLP standard time.
+Then I'll be gone for the weekend. If you need me, turn East from Big Pine and listen for barking. Have a good weekend, all.
+49 comments:
+I don't believe my own eyes. the story's been up since midnight and nobody commented?
+I go reading.
+just too funny, I laughed so much! the ladies well deserved!
+FATE, v. To celebrate one's birthda ... no, wait, that's FETE. My bad.
+No good deed goes unpunished, eh, Do ... er, Diogenes?
+Minka really has to be more careful, running with those scissors. The boys she keeps (not) talking about find out, and run faster.
+:)
+Hey, I think I get it this week. Must be the Bacardi 151.
+Those three crones (goog luck with that!) figure that, if they give you an inch, you'll take a yard! Just like in real life.
+Excellent allegory, D.P. Knowing well that, rich or poor, there's no market for more, may your thread be lustrous and very long.
+Haha, I'm running with scissors right now - no not Scissors. Actually I'm off to violin with Tali we'll be back in the afternoon to gather round and listen. What an honor and what a great story from what I have just read. The fact that I'm in such good company, well it has to be good.
+Fate - It is my fate to hafta wait until Monday to leave for vacation! argh! Can we fast forward? Then slow motion? sigh....
+Minka played her part well this morning. So, she is the ultimate first, today! D
+Ariel, one day the spotlight shines on you, the next you're an unnoticed voice in the chorus. So it has always been. Glad you laughed.
+Truly, O Ceallaigh. Gratitude is a strange thing in these moder times.
+All, they're probably right about that. They seem to be. May your dignity and common sense be left in the string.
+G, you are certainly in fitting company.
+Aw, Diane. I hope the time goes quickly. I also hope you people realize that all the affection you give Minka only encourages her.
+Nicely done to both the ladies of Central Snark and the almost birthday curmudgeon on both their apt and entertaining tributes.
+Happy Birthday Weekend, Doug!
+in case you haven't noticed, encouraging teh Penguin is one of the many things we enjoy doing so much! mockin... er... *paying tribute* to your great talent and/or sense of humor is another. hopefully, we'll get to see some of those things from you in the near future. (i kid)
+in all honesty, as far as i can tell (now where did i put that eye?), you've spun yourself another winning tale, Dio..er... Dougie. WELL DONE! thank goodness and/or too bad we *all* see you for who you truly are! oh, and so wise of you to give the scissors to Minka, she's the only one in our coven with any real sense. (i'm suspect the "fourth mouth" in your story will be weighing in, shortly)
+*wildly applauds the ALMOST birthday boy* BRAVO!! BRAVO!! BRAVO!!
+(oh, and thanks for that note at the bottom of your story, but you forgot to include our number.)
+Minka's scissor's go "snip."
+Neva's scissors go "snup."
+Great weekend, everyone.
+I see the Fates are cutting this morning. I do believe that Doug wishes to placate them by offering up the *other* men who stop by here. Perhaps if they are *snipped*, he will avoid being neutered.
+Nice try Doug. :)
+I can't listen or I'll be late again! I cannot do late two days in a row! However, I had to stop in and say, "Happy Birthday, Doug!" How many is that in Dog years?
+I'll be back after Sidewalk Sunday School!
+Thanks, Sar. Good weekend to you.
+Al, you suppose the three go "Snap, crackle and snup?"
+Here, bunny. There's carrots in the cauldron.
+Thanks, Quilly. Tomorrow I'll be 273 in dog years, but I don't think I look over 250.
+*Applause applause!*
+Standing ovation! Great story.
+But duck! Some women don't like being called crones.
+Happy almost birthday kid.
+Where is Minka today? Running around with scissors?
+Great story and tribute to the incredible, veryveryvery smart women of CS
+Oh, I loved this one! Excellent job Doug (as well as the Central Snark ladies of course).
+Happy Birthday weekend to you to Doug. Of course having a three day birthday celebration is making me suspect that you're actually a diva in the guise of a curmudgeon.
+that's "snap, CACKLE, and snup"
+we'll be here when you get back, Dougie. oh yes. we will be here....
+Aw, thanks, Blogmama. Have a great weekend.
+Mo'a, God knows. And thank you.
+Square, the Sun will come out, TOMORROW!
+Puppy, I'll look forward to that. Keep the place cold for me.
+OK, y'all. Be tart with each other. Philosopher out!
+Happy (almost) Birthday Doug!
+I only dropped by to say that. Then ended up reading the comments and listening to the story. In this group of blog friends, the more I read the more confused I become! *graon*
+Oh well, enjoy your b-day any way.
+,Morgan
+Now that is one heavy birthday message, my brother. Make sure to bite that cake hard and enjoy every mouthful.
+Oh yes, this was lovely.
+Snip
+(snicker snicker)
+I love it.
+Happy Birthday, Doug
+This may be one of the best stories ever (okay I know that I'm partial) but all the nuance captured so perfectly - I didn't miss a thread. Now I'll have to go back and listen a few more times just in case.
+What better company to be trapped blind with than my Sisters of the Snark - now where is that fourth mouth?! Perhaps sharpening her scissors...
+East from Big Pine you say? Well better birthday cake than humble pie. Enjoy!
+Boy, I bet Neva's grounded and doesn't get to hold the eye for awhile.
+This was astonishingly creative, Doug--Bravo! And have a great birthday weekend:)
+How could I not love a story featuring my favorite bloggers!?
+You are an astute and discerning man Doug, who, unfortunately, was standing behind the door when God was giving the lecture about caution around crones. I'm pretty sure you'll make it to 39 but 40? All bets are off.
+Best look at that eye closely ladies. Are you certain Diogenes returned it in mint condition?
+What a wonderful story...those fates are something! Beware.
+humph
+I get here early and you are gone for the weekend...and to top it off I found out i'm not your favorie blogger...
+“Fate is for those too weak to determine their own destiny.”
+that's all someone else has to say for me.
+Happy Birthday Dawg.
+'A Minka is never late, nor is she early, she arrives precicely when she means to!'
+I can´t say how much I love this story...there are so many threats to follow, endless material and cutting precicion all over the place. I always immensely enjoy what you write, this: I loved!
+I admire, that in all your curmudgeoness you sorta almost appreicate us three to four...wait a minute, did you call us crones??? *furrows brows*
+Happy Birthday, big guy! You made it 39 years, which -in and of itself- is a miracle to celebrate. It had to take an end at some point...
+So that means I would be one of the Moiraes: Atropos. Awesome. Although I am infamous for hurting myself whenever in charge of a cutting edge.
+And don´t worry: even Zeus was subject to our power, the escape chance of a philosophical curmudgeon were tiny to begin with!
+*plan laughter*
+Can never get over the depths of your talent--or something
+Wonderful story--and well deserved
+Hope that you have an incredible birthday weekend
+About that barking--can hear it from here
+Doug - it's official: Happy Birthday!!!
+I do love this story and realize where the inspiration for Gamma comes from - you are crafty!
+I shall take Ms. Quill's advice and examine that eye very closely which in and of itself presents quite the conundrum - teachers!
+Happy, happy, joy, joy! B-day, tht is.
+yesterday you were almost birthdayed and it was a stone's throw away but now it's tomorrow in my neck of the woods so Happy 250th Birthday, dawg. you and i meeting is indeed a twist of fate and i'm happy we have been able to see eye-to-eye. but that's another story
+gzeszv: god, Zeus is sleeping!
+Sheesh -- Doug turns 39 and it takes him and his friends three whole days, and still couting, to celebrate it.
+That settles it. He must be Jewish.
+:-)
+Happy Birthday, Doug! 39 candles recquires a real big cake, but you're lucky I am here to help eat...
+Happy Birthday, Dougie! one hopes that, whilst traipsing among those big pines, you remembered the sage words of Euell Gibbons, who once said: "Ever eat a pine tree? Many parts are edible." which means, of course, that many parts are *not*. if memory serves, Diogenes once lamented about his inability to assuage hunger by "rubbing his belly" (no need to remind you of what he was found rubbing when he said that).
+yes yes, stupid silliness is the best i can do on the occasion of your birth... surrounded by the likes of me, no wonder you fashioned yourself after a cynical philosopher and/or unbathed curmudgeon.
+Happy Twenty-Nineteen, Dougie! (you just KNOW we're already plotting for the big 4-0)
+HAPPY HAPPY BARKDAY!
+Yes they'll be balloons and dunking tanks and pony rides and we'll have it in Central Snark!!! Wait a minutes that sounds familiar.
+Where's my eye when I need it? Neva - you and that temper.
+Hey Gamma -- if you're still thinking of morphing from just plain G, I think this moniker kinda works.
+(Sounds a lot like "Grandma", though, so, ummm, Never Mind.)
+Al: just glad you didn't say "Neva mind", because, well... i'm just glad. (besides, the pronunciation would have been wrong, and therefore not funny, and... well... never mind.)
+Happy Birthday, bro! I'm sure glad you'll get to 40 before me...
+Hope you had/are having a great day!
+Puppy, I need that eye back...beans it at Al's head!
+*Owww!*
+(Gee, G... That's gonna leave a mark...)
+Hey, Doug! Happy Birthday! Dang, why didn't somebody remind me...
+And remember, buddy, it isn't the length of your thread that matters, but how you use it.
+Al -- I just cracked up laughing and sit sunflower seeds all over my desk. That line was too perfect. Take a bow.
+Happy birthday you lecherous curmudgeon you!!
+Hope you are having a good weekend and living it up hermano mio!
+And HAPPY BIRTHDAY!!!!!
+I am late to parties these days I am afraid but not to say not thinking of you! May you have a beautiful year full of delightful things that only a self-proclaimed early onset curmudgeon (but I know better than to give in to that title I TELL YOU!) could wish for and may they all come true...
+Besos and here's to a funkified hermano! FO SHO!
+Hooray! Wonderful story.
+Happy Birthday Dear Doug
+Happy Birthday to youuuuuuu!
+Thanks to all of you.
+Thank you, Morgan, and welcome. We're an odd lot but you seem to be fitting in well. That may worry you. It doesn't me.
+Thanks, Mutha. It turned out to be a stone, but I enjoyed it all the same.
+Thanks, Logo. Tiramisu?
+Thanks, Gamma. A man doesn't have to work hard to turn you guys into something funny.
+Thanks, Actonbell. I sure did. I hope Ekim did as well (and you had fun too.)
+Kyah, that was Perseus. He said it!
+Quill, I think he licked it. Scoundrel!
+Thanks, Cindra. I step cautious.
+Cooper, the name of my favorite blogger is in a safe deposit box with instructions that it be published upon my death. You'll have to wait until then.
+Minka, thank you. I kinda do appreciate you. It's all gravy from here. While it lasts. Perseus called you guys Crones. I'm innocent! And why would you mock someone whose dignity you've already removed? Fate is a cruel mistress.
+Thanks, Pia. My bark is worse is worse than my satire.
+G, I like to think of myself as artsy.
+Thanks, Joel.
+Thanks, K. I like that we see eye-to-eye, too, even with your back turned.
+Al, to paraphrase Gershwin, it's ancestrasarily so.
+Ariel, another slice?
+Puppybrose, the nuts from the pines above Westgard Pass are actually delicious, but I missed the season. Oh to have been born mid October. Thanks, Puppybrose.
+Woof, DDD!
+Gamma, looking for this?
+Al, that's a good suggestion.
+Puppybrose, Neva mind. So there.
+Aral, that presumes a lot but I hope you're right. Thanks.
+Al, now that was funny. It's not the length it's the knot?
+Me too, Quill but without the sunflower seeds.
+Thanks, LBP. Lecherous? Shhhh!
+Gracias, Hermana. Como siempre, puntual.
+Hey! Thanks, Still Life! Great of you to drop by!
+Return to Transcripts main page
+CNN LIVE EVENT/SPECIAL
+Finding Jesus: Faith, Fact, Forgery - The Shroud of Turin
+Aired March 1, 2015 - 21:00 ET
+THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
+COREY JOHNSON, NARRATOR: Jesus Christ. He changed the course of world history. Yet, the most famous man ever to live left no physical trace. Or did he? More than 1,000 years pass, and the cloth appears in Europe. On its surface, the image of a man showing the same traumas Jesus enduring during his crucifixion. The Shroud of Turin. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Is this the real burial shroud of Jesus, or fake? UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It could be likened to a detective story, a scientific detective story. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The possibility that a piece of archaeology could prove to us that Jesus Christ was crucified, buried, and raised from the dead, this is the most significant moment in human history. JOHNSON: Turin, northern Italy. In a specially built chapel in the city's cathedral lies the most famous religious relic in the world, the Shroud of Turin, the cloth that many believe wrapped the body of Jesus of Nazareth nearly 2,000 years ago. Protected by bulletproof glass, the 14-foot rectangular cloth is so precious and so valuable, it's rarely seen by the public. The last time that the Turin shroud was displayed was in 2010. More than 2 million visitors were drawn to see it. PROF. MARK GOODACRE, DUKE UNIVERSITY: The shroud is a fascinating object because it tells the story of Jesus's passion in one object. JOHNSON: For believers, it's much more than a relic. It's evidence of Jesus rising from the dead. PROF. CANDIDA MOSS, UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME: Some people think the Turin shroud was produced by radiation at the resurrection. In which case, that would be material evidence of the resurrection of Jesus. There could be nothing more important than that. JOHNSON: For millions, the shroud is not only proof of the death and resurrection of Jesus, but the only record of what he looked like. PROF. BEN WITHERINGTON III, AUTHOR, "THE GOSPEL OF JESUS": There are no physical descriptions of Jesus in the Gospel. None. We don't know what he looked like. We don't know how tall he was. We don't know what the set of his eyes was. But he had a face. He was a real person. PROF. MICHAEL PEPPARD, AUTHOR, "THE SON OF GOD IN THE ROMAN WORLD": It fulfills almost a temptation, a temptation to fixate on the face of Christ. To fulfill that idea of the true likeness. What did the son of God look like? JOHNSON: A week before his death, Jesus arrives in Jerusalem, along with thousands of pilgrims for the festival of Passover. Within days, he has been betrayed by Judas. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Jesus of Nazareth! JOHNSON: Arrested in the Garden of Gethsemane after he provokes the authorities. He's handed over to the Romans for trial and crucifixion. It's here that the story of the shroud begins. All four Gospels talk about the burial cloth in which the crucified body of Jesus is laid to rest. The Bible tells that the cloth was given by Joseph of Arimathea, a wealthy member of the Jewish council the Sanhedrin. GOODACRE: The Gospels describe Joseph of Arimathea as being a sympathizer with the Jesus movement. He's fascinated by Jesus. So fascinated that even after the crucifixion, he wants to make sure that the right thing is done, that Jesus gets the right burial. FATHER JAMES MARTIN, S.J., AUTHOR, "JESUS: A PILGRIMAGE": Everyone who encounters Jesus in the Gospels is in some way transformed. They're either healed or they want to follow him. And so simply meeting Jesus even for one time was life-changing. And that probably changed Joseph's life. JOHNSON: But first, Joseph needs permission to take Jesus down from the cross. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: And you think that this is acceptable? JOHNSON: He goes to see the Roman procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, to ask for the body. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Get out! MARTIN: Pontius Pilate is a central figure in the story of the Passion, because only he, as the Roman procurator in Judea, had the power to pronounce a death sentence. And so it was he who ultimately is responsible for Jesus's crucifixion and death. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: You've come for me, Rabbi? WITHERINGTON: Pilate is famously anti-Semitic. He doesn't like Jews. He doesn't like being in Judea. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Jesus of Nazareth, I've come to ask for his body. MOSS: We have to wonder what Joseph is thinking. He's taking quite a risk. He's going to Pilate and he's asking for the body of a convicted criminal, a criminal who is guilty of political sedition. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I have a tomb. Somewhere secure, somewhere we can prepare his body. MOSS: So by going to Pilate and asking for this rather personal favor, it's almost as if he might be guilty himself. MARTIN: You can imagine it being a very tense meeting between the two men. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Yes? MOSS: Pontius Pilate gives Joseph of Arimathea the body, but he probably thought he was just letting some Jewish custom play out. So far as he was concerned, that was going to be the end of it. JOHNSON: In allowing Joseph to take the body, Pilate had unwittingly started a journey that would turn Jesus's burial shroud into one of the most venerated and mysterious relics of all time. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) JOHNSON: Good Friday, the Romans leave Jesus's dead body hanging on the cross. Wrapping any victim of a crucifixion in a burial shroud was very unusual. ERWIN MCMANUS, AUTHOR, "THE ARTISAN SOUL": After you breathe your last breath, you were just garbage. You were left there to rot and to be eaten. JOHNSON: But the Gospel of Mark tells that Jesus's body is wrapped in a fine linen cloth, brought by Joseph of Arimathea. The Bible also reveals that Joseph had help in burying Jesus. Another member of the Jewish council, Nicodemus. REV. DR. DREW SAMS, BEL AIR PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH: Nicodemus, much like Joseph of Arimathea, was also a member of the Sanhedrin, a prominent man in Jewish society. MARTIN: It's clear that not all the Jews in Jerusalem were behind Jesus's death for the simple reason that Jesus is Jewish, his followers were Jewish, the disciples were Jewish. But not only that, not even all the Jewish authorities were responsible for Jesus's death because you have people like Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus. JOHNSON: The body is taken to Joseph's tomb and prepared for burial. MOSS: Where Nicodemus is willing to get involved is in the burial. He's supplying really very expensive products to be used in the process of embalming the body. SAMS: First Century Jewish law said that to touch a dead body would make you unclean. And so for Joseph and Nicodemus to actually go through the process of preparing Jesus for burial, there had to have been tremendous love and devotion, just to care for him. JOHNSON: A rock is rolled across the entrance to seal the tomb shut. Three days after the crucifixion, John and Simon Peter, two of Jesus's disciples, visit the tomb. They find it empty. According to John's Gospel, then Simon Peter came and went into the tomb. He saw the linen wrappings lying there. But the Bible doesn't mention what happens to the linen cloths next. More than 1,300 years later, a shroud showing the crucified body of Jesus appeared from out of nowhere in a small village in northeastern France. When it was moved to Turin, 40,000 people were there to welcome it. And then centuries later, in 1898, it became a global phenomenon, when Italian Secondo Pia took the world's first photograph of the shroud. DAVID GIBSON, CO-AUTHOR, "FINDING JESUS": All of a sudden, a negative image of the man of the shroud pops out at him. And it's like staring at the face of Jesus. It suddenly turns the shroud from an object of religious devotion to an icon of scientific obsession. If you prove that the Shroud of Turin is real, you're proving that Jesus Christ existed. JOHNSON: In 1978, former U.S. Air Force physicist John Jackson, from the Shroud of Turin Research Project, was given unprecedented access to study the relic. JOHN JACKSON, PHYSICIST, SHROUD OF TURIN RESEARCH PROJECT, : You see the image of a human man, we can see, for example, the head, crossed arms, in fact, you can even see elongated fingers. JOHNSON: Leading a team of 40 scientists, Jackson set out to investigate the shroud, using tools at the forefront of science. JACKSON: We really didn't know what we were going to find. Was this going to be a painting? Was it going to be something else? JOHNSON: Working around the clock for five days, the scientists reached conclusions that seemed to advance the authenticity of the shroud and deepen its mystery. JACKSON: The fibers themselves are all individually colored, so there's no evidence of something that you would expect, say, from a paint medium. We don't see that. It doesn't penetrate through the thickness of the cloth. It lies just on the very surface. The question is, why is that? JOHNSON: Jackson and his team also wanted to investigate the dark marks that appeared to be bloodstains. JACKSON: So what we did is take micro samples from these bloodstained areas, which were then taken back to the United States for micro- chemical analyses. And the result was that these features are, in fact, blood. JOHNSON: With no explanation for how the image was made, and the apparent presence of blood on the cloth, Jackson looked to the Gospels to see whether there was a connection between the last day of Jesus's life and the shroud. According to the Gospel of John, then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged. JACKSON: What I think stands out the most are the many marks that are all over the cloth. To me, this looks like blood residues of a person who was whipped or scourged. GOODACRE: Everything about the Passion narrative speaks about the pain, the humiliation of Jesus's death. It begins with the most appalling flogging. Flogging that will have brought Jesus to within an inch of his life. It's a really appalling spectacle, when you think about it. DR. OBERY HENDRICKS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY: He was spat upon, laughed at, anything to just crush his spirit as much as possible. JOHNSON: But the Shroud of Turin also bears witness to one of the most famous events of the crucifixion story. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) JOHNSON: John's Gospel describes what happens next to Jesus. And the soldiers wove a crown of thorns and put it on his head. For 40 years, John Jackson has been comparing the Shroud of Turin with descriptions of Jesus's death in the Bible. JACKSON: When we come to the frontal image, we see what looked like bloodstains that are coming from essentially puncture-type sources. They correspond to what the Gospels tell us what happened to Jesus, the crown of thorns. HENDRICKS: The purpose of the crown of thorns was to crush all Jewish aspirations that they would ever have self-rule. GOODACRE: They press it into his head so that you see blood trickling down his face. MARTIN: I find that one of the most poignant parts of Jesus's life. To have anyone be mocked like that, it's very difficult to see. JACKSON: After the scourging and the crown of thorns, the next thing that the Gospels tell us happened to Jesus was that he was taken away to the crucified. JOHNSON: The cross Jesus carries through the streets of Jerusalem weighs more than 300 pounds. HENDRICKS: When Jesus is carrying the cross, there was a crowd that followed. Some of the crowd would have been sympathetic. And others were jeering. It would have been a really horrible scene. JOHNSON: Evidence for Jesus's final journey, Jackson believes, can be seen on the shroud. JACKSON: Where the shoulder boundary would be, we find bloodstains. They seem to be more smudged, more smeared, as opposed to what we see down further on the back. Maybe what we're looking at is the action of that cross beam on the shoulders that are smearing the bloodstains from the pre-existing scourging that Jesus received. JOHNSON: As he was pushed through the streets, it's believed that the weight of the cross became too much for Jesus to bear. MOSS: At some point, the soldiers solicit Simon of Cyrene to carry the cross for him. This isn't out of the goodness of their hearts. We have to assume that Jesus is flagging. He's unable to carry the cross at this stage. He's that weakened. And this is why Simon of Cyrene is brought in to help him. JOHNSON: Two criminals are crucified alongside Jesus. HENDRICKS: They throw them on the ground. They're talking to them as roughly as possible. And they're showing him, he has no control at all. He has no protection. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing. HENDRICKS: Every part of the crucifixion experience was meant to cause further agony, further humiliation, and more fear and horror among those watching. SAMS: At the crucifixion, we know that there was Mary, Jesus's mother, and Mary Magdalene, watching that horrendous scene unfold. GOODACRE: If you were one of Jesus's sympathizers, if you were family or a friend of Jesus, then it must have been incredibly difficult to witness this event. HENDRICKS: And he sees this big spike, and they're holding his arm out. And he's straining to pull his hand away. And they strike. JOHNSON: But at this point, the mystery of the shroud deepens. The marks on the cloth challenge everything we thought we knew about crucifixion. The wounds appear to be in the wrong place. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) GOODACRE: Each stage of the crucifixion process is designed to bring fresh pain and fresh humiliation. JOHNSON: It's here, the Shroud of Turin tells an unexpected story. For centuries, artistic tradition has shown nails going through the palms of Jesus's hands. The figure on the shroud appears to have been crucified through the wrists. Jackson believes the shroud is the historically accurate version. JACKSON: You want the person who is crucified to stay up on the cross until they die. There have been experiments performed on cadavers, both with the placement of the nail hypothetically in the palm and in the wrist. And these experiments have shown that the weight-bearing value always settles upon the wrist, like you see on the shroud, rather than the palm. The palm will just simply tear through. HENDRICKS: Then he's raised up. And imagine the agony of being raised up after your feet and your hands are nailed in. Every little movement is agony. The cross was lifted up by ropes and then dropped into a hole to keep it from falling. Imagine what that's like. GOODACRE: One of the difficulties with imaging crucifixion is that we've had 2,000 years of Christian tradition, which sanitizes the cross. We've put Jesus in nice church buildings, and we have crosses made of gold, and it prevents us from really thinking through what crucifixion actually involved. But when we actually pause and actually look at the historical nature of the crucifixion and remember what the Romans were trying to do by humiliating and torturing people, then for a moment, we really see it as something quite different, something appallingly painful and utterly humiliating. JOHNSON: The weight of the body pulls on the arms, making breathing increasingly difficult. Most victims of crucifixion finally die of asphyxiation. UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It is finished. MARTIN: Imagine your mother or your father or your best friend nailed to wood, hung out in the open sun, and die a terrible death of asphyxiation. It's hard to find words to explain what it would have been like to see that. MCMANUS: This had to be the darkest moment of their life. JOHNSON: The final mark on the shroud would have been made after Jesus died. JACKSON: This blood mark is not part of a normal crucifixion. But in the case of Jesus, the Gospels tell us that it was delivered by a Roman soldier to ensure that he was dead so that his body could released and taken down from the cross before Passover. JOHNSON: In the Gospel of John, a soldier stabs Jesus's dead body in the side. Blood and water leaked out. JACKSON: We see clear areas, which some have hypothesized might be due to these fluids that's associated with the blood, the blood and water, as the Gospel says. JOHNSON: The Shroud of Turin appears to be a silent witness to all the final sufferings of Jesus. And then, according to the Gospels, after he was laid to rest, Jesus is resurrected. The only thing left behind in his tomb, the linen used to cover his body. MARTIN: The crucifixion is among the most powerful parts of the Gospel, simply because it's the death of Jesus, the son of God. But it's also his entry into new life. MCMANUS: It is extraordinary to find an archaeological piece that is proof of his existence, of his death, and of his resurrection. JACKSON: Based on the research that I've been involved in, I think that we are looking at the historic burial cloth of Jesus 2,000 years ago. JOHNSON: But there was one part of the investigation that Jackson had been unable to complete, an accurate dating of the material. Then in 1988, the Catholic Church took the unprecedented step of giving permission for pieces of the cloth to be removed for carbon testing. Samples were cut from the edge of the shroud and sent for testing in three independent laboratories in London, Zurich, and Arizona. MCMANUS: The possibility that a piece of archaeology could prove to us that Jesus Christ was crucified, buried, and raised from the dead, this is the most significant moment in human history. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) JOHNSON: Turin, 1988. Three small pieces of the shroud have been cut off and sent to laboratories around the world for carbon date testing. GIBSON: This is really the moment of truth for the Shroud of Turin. Is it fake, or is it real? (BEGIN VIDEO CLIP FROM NBC NEWS 1988) TOM BROKAW, NBC ANCHOR: For hundreds of years, the Shroud of Turin has been a powerful symbol of faith for Catholics and other believers around the world. Today, the archbishop confirmed the results of recent tests that the piece of linen bearing an image of Christ does not date from the time of Christ. (END VIDEO CLIP) GIBSON: The shroud dates to the 13th Century. It's a medieval forgery. There is no way this could have been the burial shroud of Jesus Christ. This is huge. I mean, people, to this day, look at this and say, this is Jesus. This is our lord. This is what he went through. To say, no, sorry, it's a very clever forgery, that's painful. JOHNSON: In Medieval Europe, there was a lucrative trade in creating religious relics. People were willing to pay to get close to Jesus, and forgers were prepared to take advantage. But despite being revealed as a fake, fascination with the shroud intensified. GIBSON: How did that image get on the shroud? Nobody could explain that. There are still all kinds of theories out there that we need to test. JOHNSON: But South African art historian, Professor Nicholas Allen thinks he knows the answer. He believes it's the world's earliest surviving photograph. PROF. NICHOLAS ALLEN, NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY, SOUTH AFRICA: I looked at the shroud and I said, how were you made? And the shroud tells us that it is acting like a negative photograph. I'm quite aware that that might sound like a crazy idea, to think that somebody was able to make a photograph 600 years ago. But when I started to look at the technology that was available at that time, I realized they had everything already. JOHNSON: From his study of art history, Allen knew that medieval artists already used an optical device called a camera obscura. ALLEN: Camera obscura works exactly like a human eye. What we have here is a box which is sealed. No light can enter into it, except through this big hole over here. Like a human eye, there is a lens. Whatever is outside this box is focused through this lens and forms an image on the back wall of the camera. And it's inverted, in other words, it's upside-down. JOHNSON: The lens at the front of the camera ensures a sharp image is projected on the back wall. ALLEN: We know for a fact this is very ancient technology. So there is no doubt that this technology was available in the late 13th and early 14th Century, exactly when it would have been needed to make something like the Shroud of Turin. JOHNSON: Allen positions a model in front of his camera obscura, and faces it to the sun. ALLEN: So the whole setup has to be calculated very, very carefully before you can start the exposure. JOHNSON: A medieval artist would need to ensure that any image projected on a sheet could be permanently fixed. The sheet would be soaked with photographic chemicals. Today, this means using silver salts. ALLEN: Now both silver nitrate and silver sulfate have been around in Europe from at least the 13th Century. And it's very easy to make. JOHNSON: A sheet is soaked in silver sulfate solution, dried, and then mounted in the camera. ALLEN: After eight hours exposure, you will notice a discoloration on the linen. And that discoloration would be a negative image of what was outside the camera. JOHNSON: The silver sulfate would have been washed out of the cloth to complete the process using a chemical in plentiful supply. ALLEN: To remove silver sulfate from a piece of linen, one can use urine, since urine contains levels of ammonia. Whoever made the Shroud of Turin didn't do this on their first attempt. This probably took a lot of organizing, a lot of planning, and a lot of trial and error before they got it right. JOHNSON: When the image is analyzed, Allen's method is shown to produce astonishing results. ALLEN: The resultant image has all the characteristics of the image that is found on the Shroud of Turin. And those are that it is negative, there are no dyes, pigment stains, or powders. Here, we have the image that has been produced after three days using the camera obscura. To turn this into the Shroud of Turin image you would have to add blood to it. You would simply take a paintbrush and you would artistically paint your stigmata on to the image. In my opinion, this is the oldest example we have of a phenomenon that we now call photography. And it dates back to medieval times. JOHNSON: But Allen's work has divided opinion and left even more questions unanswered. GIBSON: If it is a medieval photograph, then where are all the other medieval photographs? That's the other problem with the shroud. It's unique. There is nothing else like it. JOHNSON: And there are some who, despite the carbon dating, continue to believe in its authenticity. GIBSON: Some people refuse to believe the result. They question the samples that were taken. They weren't taken from the very center of the shroud. They were taken from the edge of the shroud. JOHNSON: And recent work on another mysterious relic has introduced new doubts into our understanding of the Turin shroud. It's an artifact that may suggest the shroud is far older than claimed. In the small annex of a cathedral in northern Spain is the cloth believed to have covered Jesus's face after he died on the cross, the Sudarium of Oviedo. MARK GUSCIN, SPANISH CENTER OF SINDONOLOGY: What we are looking at in front of us are bloodstains of Jesus of Nazareth. This is his actual blood in front of us. (COMMERCIAL BREAK) JOHNSON: Mark Guscin and a team from the Spanish Center of Sindonology have been studying the Sudarium of Oviedo for over 25 years. Legend says that this was another separate cloth also mentioned in the Bible. And he saw the linen wrappings lying there and the cloth that had been on Jesus's head. GUSCIN: We've taken this cloth into the laboratory, analyzed what the stains are made of, and most of them are one part blood and six parts pleural edema fluid, which is a liquid that collects in the lungs when somebody dies of asphyxiation. JOHNSON: Scholars believe that most victims of crucifixion would have died of suffocation and the fluids associated with this would be left in the lungs. Guscin's studies appear to shine new light into a part of the Jesus story that was previously unknown, using a near perfect replica of the cloth. GUSCIN: Now, what these experiments showed us is that, first of all, the cloth was placed on a dead body because all the blood stains coming out are absolutely incompatible with any kind of breathing movement. JOHNSON: If Guscin is correct, then Joseph of Arimathea would have wrapped this cloth around Jesus' face while he was still on the cross. GIBSON: The face cloth was used in Jewish burial custom because the face is really the seat of the soul when that person dies. The face is the first thing that is covered. It must be treated with the greatest respect. MCMANUS: The reason Joseph became proactive in making sure Jesus had a proper, honorable burial, I think this was Joseph's own way of saying, I did not do what I should have done. I should have spoken on your behalf. JOHNSON: Guscin believes that marks from the sudarium where the forehead would have been help explain how Joseph removed the body from the cross. GUSCIN: The only way that we could reproduce these was if the body was lying face down on the ground so that all of this liquid and blood trickling out of the nose would move down on to the forehead. But then the body was carried face down for between five to 10 minutes while somebody was holding the cloth to the face. JOHNSON: In the tomb, the sudarium would have been removed. And Jesus then wrapped in the shroud. GUSCIN: So this teaches us what happened between the death of Christ and when the body was laid in the tomb. JOHNSON: But Guscin believes that there's an even more important reason to study the sudarium. For him, the stains on the cloth are like a fingerprint, unique to one person. GUSCIN: If this cloth was wrapped around the head of another person who had maybe even suffered the same kind of torture and wounds, then the stains would have a different shape and a different format. JOHNSON: For Guscin, this was to prove critical because when the team compared these bloodstains on the sudarium with those on the shroud, they made an extraordinary discovery. The bloodstains appeared to match. GUSCIN: So we can conclude that the two cloths were used at the same time for the same event to cover the same body. JOHNSON: Carbon testing of the cloth has not delivered any clear results, but the first written record of the relic tied it to Jerusalem just over 500 years after Jesus's death. For Guscin, these records suggest it is at least 700 years older than the shroud. How could that be? Guscin believes the dating of the shroud must be wrong. GUSCIN: Now, that is an incredible conclusion because they could only have coincided in Jerusalem some time before the 5th Century, which says an awful lot about the dating of the Shroud of Turin and how it does not date from the medieval times and is, in fact, a much earlier cloth. JOHNSON: Despite decades of scientific scrutiny, for many, the mystery and power of the Shroud of Turin still remains. MARTIN: I do think it would be possible for the shroud that wrapped Jesus to survive until now. Clearly it would have been an important artifact for the disciples and then for the early Christians, and so the notion that it would have been preserved makes total sense to me. My gut tells me that it's real. MOSS: It doesn't seem likely to me that it's real, but it focuses our attention on something unavoidable about the Jesus story, just how much he suffers. Jesus may be glorious, enthroned in heaven, lord of lords, king of kings, but this moment of suffering and pain is etched into the Turin shroud. It's his most human moment. JOHNSON: For many, the shroud is also a poignant reminder of a man trying to do the right thing. MCMANUS: I think a part of Joseph's story is our story. Even though he didn't understand the outcome, even though he didn't understand how the story was going to play out, what he knew was being on the side of Jesus was being part of God's story in human history.
+My life is marked by seasons within seasons. There’s the winter shift to something green, something Christmas, in the planters surrounding the two lions at the entrance to the front porch. This winter, I put rosemary topiaries there, which now live behind the old-fashioned flags in the back garden, helping to create a green backdrop to a statue of Francis of Assisi we brought from
+In February, when hints of spring begin with the occasional spray of forsythia and japonica popping into bloom, I usually remove the greenery and put in pansies for color. They don’t hit their peak until late March, but they bravely endure the freezes that we can get even into May, providing a welcome splash of color as the silver maple in the front yard leafs out and covers the front of the house in shade.
+Now is the new season, the time in which the pansies are spent. To be precise, when the violas have done all the blooming they intend to do, since I planted violas this year in place of pansies, to honor Steve's grandmother, who grew them in her garden. They’ve become leggy and will soon succumb to the scorching heat of an
+Yesterday, I bought several trays of caladiums. I wanted green and white, to continue the cool theme of the shaded front—an important theme for us living on the same latitude as Cairo to enunciate in summer. The nursery had only pink and green. One makes do. The color will be pleasant, echoing the muted rose tints in the house’s color, along with the deep green-brown trim color.
+This morning, the violas bit the dust. I hate to pull up any plant, even a weed. Everything seems to me to have use, potential. Who am I to say that my life and whims trump the right of any other living thing to its place on the earth?
+But the violas were soon to die anyway, and one must have something in those planters, or why have them there? I came, I saw, I uprooted. And I now have handsome small caladiums living in the planters that up to today hosted leggy violas.
+What I’m winding around to in this garden story is composting, nature’s talent for taking what’s already there and giving it new life in new forms. Once I’d shaken the uprooted violas of as much root soil as I could and had bunched them in a basket to shlep around to the compost pile, it struck me: the caladiums need some kind of mulch to keep the soil from splashing about when it rains. Mulch also keeps our gardens alive in the hot months of June, July, August, and September, when temperatures can soar over 100 and no rain falls for weeks.
+There were the uprooted violas in a basket, ready to compost. There was the planter full of caladiums in bare soil. I took the violas, quickly shredded them with my hands, and now they provide mulch and green top dressing for their successors, the pink and green caladiums.
+I don’t by any means claim to have invented some remarkable new system of mulching with uprooted weeds. I’m sure many gardeners must do this routinely, as I do in the garden proper.
+What I want to draw attention to, though, is nature’s way of making what seems to be on the way out new again, with new adaptations, new uses, new survival techniques.
+This is a useful theme for meditation now that the religious right is screaming at top decibel about how gay marriage imperils “traditional” marriage. It’s no secret to note that marriage itself—“traditional” marriage—is “on the way out.” It is and has been on the way out for some time now, insofar as those to whom it has traditionally been consigned have done a lamentably poor job of keeping it alive and well.
+So much that one reads and hears from the bleating mouths of the marriage police these days is just wrong-headed, and in many cases, downright false. There has never been one traditional form of marriage or family either in Western cultures over the centuries of Christian history, or in other cultures around the world, with their varying religious traditions.
+The contemporary model of middle-class nuclear family—mama, papa, and a circumscribed number of children—has very shallow roots in Christian history. It reflects shifts in our economic and social patterns in the twentieth century, when a majority of people in developed nations no longer lived in agricultural settings where the coerced free labor of many children was required. It reflects the increasing mobility of a society in which people now live in urban areas, often at a distance from their parents and siblings.
+“Traditional” families, prior to the 20th century, were—at least in my neck of the wood—decidedly extended families. It was unthinkable, until the mid-20th century, not to know and spend abundant time with grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, if those family members were still living. Households normally contained more than the nuclear family unit. In my family, cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents in need of assistance lived with those able to provide the assistance, often in a rotating pattern in which one family would have Cousin So and So for several months of the year, at which point Cousin So and So would move on to another family for a period of time.
+In many of these traditional pre-20th-century extended families, children were actually raised by someone other than the mother and father. Grandparents, aunts, and uncles often played a key role in child-rearing, as did members of other families attached to the extended family by various kinds of bonds, including economic ones.
+The point of this brief survey of "traditional" family being: the religious right is playing a shell game with the consciousness of the American people, when it speaks of marriage as some fixed institution in which one man and one woman have, forever and ever, raised and cared for a family consisting primarily or exclusively of their own progeny.
+At the base of the religious right’s rhetoric about “traditional” marriage is, of course, the intent to keep alive in our minds the assumption that marriage is “really” all about procreation, and has always been about procreation. People marry to have children, the religious right wants us to fix in the forefront of our minds. Marriage as biological imperative . . . . Since gays cannot procreate, they ought not to be marrying.
+This overlooks, of course, some screamingly obvious facts that the deceptive rhetoric of the religious right wants to conceal: namely, that marriage is a social and economic institution that has always been about far more than procreation. It’s about joining and protecting property. People throughout history have married to ally their family to another family, such that the wealth of one family flows together with that of the other family.
+People marry as well for companionship. to support and cherish one another, to build love in their lives and the lives of others. If marriage is all about procreation (which is, at its crudest and starkest, what the Catholic church wants us to believe), why do we permit the marriage of heterosexual couples that we know full well cannot procreate: those who are unable to have children, those beyond child-bearing age?
+And the obverse of the marriage-for-procreation argument is, of course, the obvious recognition that people can procreate very well, thank you very much, apart from the institution of marriage. In fact, those straight people lamenting the demise of “traditional” marriage seem to have been doing a jolly good job of such non-maritally sanctioned procreating for quite a few years now . . . .
+What’s at the very center of the religious right’s hysterical, unconvincing arguments about “traditional” marriage, what the religious right wants to fix in our brains, rather than any careful reflection on the institution of marriage, is, quite simply, resistance to and disdain for gay people. No matter how loudly the religious right shouts this, the battle’s not about the defense of “traditional” marriage. It’s about the continued right of society to bash gay people with impunity.
+More precisely, it’s about the continued right of society to use gay people. We have been very handy pawns in the political games of the political right around the world. We are proving less useful in that regard these days, for a number of reasons. And this recognition produces panic and increasing shrill desperation among those who have found gay human beings exceedingly useful political tools for several decades now.
+And this recognition produces panic and increasing shrill desperation among those who have found gay human beings exceedingly useful political tools for several decades now.
+First, there’s the sociological fact that, as more and more people—particularly in the next generation—come to know gay people as individual human beings and as part of their everyday lives, the ability to project scorn onto gay people as a class of citizens wanes. The religious right is unhappy about this. That scorn (fear, distaste, outright hatred) has worked for a long time. It has driven voters to the polls to vote “right” on the issues about which the leaders of the religious right (and their funders, above all) really care: about safeguarding and increasing the wealth of the most wealthy, for instance.
+Now, the religious right has to walk a very fine line, because of its recognition that overplaying the gay card may well not drive voters to the polls to vote "right," but may lead to voters characterizing the religious right as a hate group. Racism worked for a time in right-wing politics. Homophobia took its place. Xenophobia still has play. As the effectiveness of one scapegoated group wanes, the right constantly looks around for another to take its place.
+Second, the right wing hasn’t been doing conspicuously well, frankly, in maintaining its image as the defender of traditional family and of family values. Notice that few voices in the contemporary religious right point to what is really “the” traditional model of marriage, if we are going to be scrupulously faithful to Judaeo-Christian tradition: one man, one woman, yoked for life.
+It is only very recently that “traditional” marriage has comprised models that permit a man to have several wives in a row, or a woman to divorce and remarry. Marriage today is more often practiced as a form of serial monogamy than monogamy per se. The arguments against polygamy among advocates of “traditional” marriage are undermined far more by how heterosexual people have been practicing marriage than by gay marriage. And this is not even to mention the increasingly normative practice of straight couples living together without the benefit of marriage, often in several trial-run arrangements, prior to actual marriage, or without ever marrying at all.
+I don’t bring all of this up to decry the moral decay of our society. I bring it up to note the lacunae in the argument of the religious right against gay marriage, the many realities about marriage as it is currently practiced in our society that the religious right does not want us to recognize, to think about, to talk about, as it tries to make gay marriage the bugbear fraying the last bonds of poor pitiful little Christian civilization.
+And so back to recycling, composting, mulching: when institutions are breaking up under the weight of their own rottenness, their own inconsistencies and internal contradictions, there’s a powerful argument to be made that it’s time to rethink the institution itself, and not keep replicating and defending what no longer works very well. Gay marriage provides an opportunity for Western “Christian” cultures to think much more carefully about what marriage is all about in the first place, about the increasing glaring discrepancy between how we talk about marriage as an ideal and how we actually live it.
+Marriage as an official church-sanctioned institution is, after all, something that developed in the Christian church only over the course of centuries. Marriage as a rite of the church—as a sacrament—was not “codified” in Christian history until several centuries into the “Christian era.”
+Even in Catholic theology, which is often used by right-wing political thinkers as the last bastion of traditional marriage, a couple marry themselves: they marry each other. The priest is there as a witness to the sacrament the couple themselves perform. The sacramental sanctioning of marriage builds on the reasonable recognition that marriage is a decision of two people to commit themselves to live together in a way that builds the community in which they live and work. Sacramental marriage is an outgrowth of civil marriage: the church does not marry people; it recognizes their choice to marry each other.
+The debate about gay marriage—and gay marriage itself—may well be the compost that the institution of marriage, which is falling apart under the weight of the anomalies it incorporates in postmodern culture, needs in order to survive. Churches of Main Street
+It has been falling apart for some time. We now live in a postmodern culture in which, if you except to command people’s attention when you talk about the sanctity of marriage, you need to begin talking to those who are trying to live marriage and family in all its bewildering variety in the culture in which we now live, move, and have our being. Insofar as your preaching addresses an ideal culture that exists only in your imaginations and in t.v. sitcoms from the 1950s, it won’t be effective in the world now coming into being.
+Gay marriage may ironically prove to be the revival of marriage as an institution. If so, perhaps gay people are a gift to the churches and not the enemies you keep trying to imagine?
+It's a little after 1.30am and time for the earliest breakfast of my life. Noodles and coffee are taken at a shanty-style cafe - one of only three small buildings with lights shining - at the edge of a forest clearing on the inky black slopes of Indonesia's Ijen volcano.
+Others are eating, too, including a small band of intrepid travellers from nearby Surabaya. They're well wrapped up against the mountain chill and chat excitedly about the climb ahead.
+A man passes in the darkness. He walks purposefully, oblivious to the small breakfast crowd. There's no time to register details beyond the glow of a cigarette and large baskets balanced on his shoulders, as he vanishes into the night.
+He's a sulphur miner, one of a rare band of men who harvest the element from within the crater of Ijen.
+The Ijen volcano complex dominates the landscape of easternmost Java. There are several volcanic cones, rising to 2,799 metres, and active craters include that of Ijen itself, which, for decades, has been mined for its sulphur, a bright yellow element that is common in volcanic gases.
+During the Industrial Revolution (late 18th to early 19th centuries) demand for sulphur, which was used in gunpowder, soared. It was mined extensively in Sicily, southern Italy, first by digging from open ground, then by tunnelling in hot, hazardous conditions. Sulphur mining has occurred elsewhere, such as on a volcanic island in New Zealand and high in the South American Andes. Yet nowadays sulphur is a by-product of oil refining and other industries, and only in Indonesia is it still mined by hand.
+At one Javan volcano, miners dig sulphur from the slopes, then trundle it downhill on roughly built wooden wheelbarrows. Here at Ijen, there were attempts to use horses for transportation but the terrain proved too tough for them, so miners not only extract sulphur, but also carry it downhill in bamboo baskets.
+A narrow dirt road of compacted black stones and soil heads towards the crater. It winds steeply upwards and to the left and right bushes and tall trees are picked out by torch beams. Faint yet foul aromas of hydrogen sulphide, the gas of rotten eggs, waft in from time to time.
+The trail reaches a wooden hut - a weighing station, where miners check how much they are carrying. A miner is resting here and offers for sale little figures made of sulphur.
+The path narrows, climbing a steeper slope. There are steep drop-offs to the darkness on the right. The vegetation is lower, with trees more stunted. Then, there are no trees at all, just skeletal remains of shrubs, all that is left after an outpouring of toxic gas. The sulphurous smell is stronger now and the path makes for the rim of the crater.
+The crater lies below, a gaping black hole. There are stars above and the lights of a distant town are visible way down and beyond the volcano. But looking into the crater and hoping to see the blue flames that are said to dance within, I'm disappointed to find nothing but blackness.
+A rough trail leads to what seems like a rocky spur jutting out towards the crater. It ends at a vantage looking almost vertically down. And there, shining brightly below, are the blue flames of Ijen. Deep in the crater, close together, are three or four patches of fire, with what seems like smoke around and above them, sometimes swirling to obscure the eerie flames. There are other patches of light moving, from the torches of miners and visitors roaming near the fires.
+"Do you want to go down?" asks a miner who has been waiting by the path. We make our way towards the fires, some 200 metres below.
+The path twists and turns downwards, across small crags and plunging slopes of loose stones. Some years ago, a tourist fell to his death here, so I tread carefully. The stench of rotten eggs becomes more intense and there's another acrid odour - sulphur dioxide, which is likewise toxic. I pull on the paper face mask my guide has given me.
+It's still only 4am, but already some visitors are making the return trip up the trail. "It's a tough climb - but worth it," an Australian man says.
+I stop to give miners space as they slowly ascend, each heaving two baskets filled with chunks of sulphur and slung from a pole supported on a shoulder.
+Some miners are resting, their baskets placed on rocks that must serve as regular stopping places. It can take each well over an hour to reach the crater rim, yet even this pace is astonishingly fast given their loads may weigh 70kg. Imagine carrying that kind of weight any distance in a hi-tech backpack over level ground, never mind in two baskets balanced on a pole up a rock face.
+The slope eases at the bottom of the crater wall and we walk to a stony ridge, a natural viewing gallery from which to watch miners at work just tens of metres away.
+It's still pitch black, helping the weirdly wonderful blue flames stand out. Patches of flame illuminate what looks like a living hillside. Steam is blasting out all around the flames, then surging upwards to form a great column that disappears into the night sky. There's a continuous roaring sound, like that of a giant furnace.
+The "fire and brimstone" horror described in the Bible may have originated with volcanoes, and their brims, as brimstone is an old name for sulphur.
+Eight miners are at work in front of us, moving below the sulphurous steam, using head-mounted torches to locate fresh deposits, which they smash and prise from the rock surface with metal poles. One wears a gas mask but others just use pieces of cloth over their mouths, or no protection at all.
+I have read that the life expectancy for sulphur miners is just 30. This figure seems too low to me, as I see miners who are clearly older, but few will reach what most of us would consider a ripe old age.
+Dawning daylight illuminates rows of ceramic pipes running down the steaming slope. They have been installed to capture gases emerging from fumaroles (openings in the Earth's crust) and guide them downwards, so they cool a little, allowing sulphur to condense and trickle to collection points. Gases from fumaroles can reach 600 degrees Celsius.
+We move further down and are soon at a working area beneath the surging steam. The ground underfoot is yellow with sulphur powder. Men are moving between collection points, where intensely red liquid sulphur drips from pipes and turns yellow as it solidifies. Some are breaking it with the rods, gathering chunks; others pick up fragments.
+My guide - who usually works down here, ensuring production remains solid - fills small moulds with liquid sulphur, to make the souvenirs miners offer visitors: a crab, a turtle, a cat.
+Thanks to a remarkably concentrated mix of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, the water in the sullen green crater lake below me is the strength of battery acid. Almost 200 metres deep, a kilometre wide and with a volume of 3 million cubic metres - equivalent to over a thousand Olympic-size swimming pools - it is the world's largest acidic lake. In 1817, its basin collapsed and mudflows destroyed three villages. In 1976, a sudden release of gas from the lake killed 11 miners.
+About 400 men work at the mine, my guide says.
+"Most carry 70kg of sulphur, twice a day," he says.
+For this, they earn about HK$80 - double the amount labourers make in nearby coffee plantations.
+"For working on production, I earn a small salary, but it's not enough to support my family, so I usually also carry sulphur with me as I leave."
+My guide is short, perhaps as a result of heavy loads having effected his spine. He pulls his shirt collar down, revealing rough red patches on a shoulder worn by the pole between the baskets. Yet he is smiling as we part; life does not have him beaten.
+Two nearby volcanic cones, forested hillsides and a plain below make for superb scenery as we walk down the outside of Ijen. The miners, oblivious to the views, are sure-footed on the steep slope, taking short quick steps, most shod in basic sandals. Often, they're moving at almost jogging pace and at intervals dip a little beneath the baskets, using swift hand movements to switch the shoulder the pole is resting on. Each halts at the weighing station, to check their load, and most smoke a cigarette before heading down again.
+At the bottom of the path - three kilometres from the rim - is the official weighing station, run by a nearby sugar refinery that oversees the mining operation. Here, each miner watches as his load is weighed and money owed is calculated. The sulphur is then piled into a waiting truck, which will take it to a simple factory, where it will be melted and cooled in a refining process. Ijen sulphur may then be used to make sulphur dioxide for whitening sugar.
+The 30 or so miners slumped around the weighing station look exhausted, but many will be returning to the crater, aiming to make a second trip before the midday heat makes conditions too unbearable even for these astonishingly tough men.
+Getting there: Garuda Indonesia () and Cathay Pacific () fly direct from Hong Kong to Bali daily. It is about three hours by bus or bemo from Bali's Denpasar Airport to Gilimanuk. Ferries run every 30 minutes, 24 hours a day, from Gilimanuk to Banyuwangi, on the east coast of Java. From there, it takes between two to three hours by road to the start of the trail up to the crater. Tours are offered, including from Bali, but you can find your own way by hire car.
+The Chicago Tribune reprinted an article in its "What other
+newspapers are saying" section that may be of interest to this
+list--it certainly begs some difficult questions. BTW, the cite for
+the article is "Political correctness suffers a loss." Chicago
+Tribune. 16 July 1994. sec. 2, p. 21. [reprinted from the Orange
+County (Calif.) Register]
+According to the article: "Raymond Tittman is an African-American
+whose ancestors for many generations lived in Tanzania. He applied
+to Georgetown University Law School in Washington, listing himself as
+"African-American." After accepting him for this fall's semester,
+Georgetown canceled his admission when it found out he was white.
+Then it charged him with misleading the school.
+"Defying the science of geography, Georgetown maintained that an
+American whose ancestors hail from Africa could not call himself an
+"African-American" just because he has light skin pigmentation. What
+next, DNA testing to assure racial purity?"
+Mr. Tittman apparently contacted the California-based Individual
+Rights Foundation (IRF) who notified Georgetown that it faced a civil
+lawsuit. According to the article, Georgetown "backed down."
+Before being contacted by IRF, Georgetown, according to the article,
+placed information concerning Mr. Tittman's alleged misleading
+application on file with the Law School Admissions Council which
+would be forwarded, I believe, to any other law schools requesting
+information on Mr. Tittman.
+If Mr. Tittman is not an African-American, what is he?
+Georgetown has, if the article is accurate, linked race with
+ethnicity (can't be African-American because he is "white"). Is this
+possible? Must all African-Americans be "black"?
+Is there a time element to aquisition of ethnicity? That is, must
+one's family live in Italy, for example, for x-many generations in
+order for descendents to come to America and claim Italian-American
+as ethnicity?
+Further, what happens when one divides and sub-divides these
+categories? I have reviewed several law school applications (U.
+Chicago, Berkeley, Stanford, Harvard) and am finding that some
+"ethnic" categories are actually racial categories and quite vague
+(viz. "Caucasian"), some categories that seem "ethnic" but too vague
+(e.g., "Asian-American"), and some categories that are essentially
+'national-origin' (e.g., "Chicano/Mexican American"--Berkeley lists
+six categories from Asia (Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, Filipino,
+Korean, Polynesian) where Harvard lists one (Asian American)).
+As is probably obvious from this post, I am a poli. sci. student and
+not and ethnic studies student, so please forgive the questions. I
+would appreciate any thoughts on the subject and, more importantly,
+some cites for articles, books, etc. that attempt to work out the
+problems of defining these terms.
+Thanks,
+John Streeter <gstreet@UXA.ECN.BGU.EDU>
+See below. For purposes of affirmative action, African-American is a
+legal definition. Unfortunately, it is highly unlikely that a person
+born in Africa may not meet the legal requirements of being an
+African-American.
+Walter Dean <wdean@umd5.umd.edu>
+Chair, Academic Computing
+Baltimore City Community College
+Well, the case of the Tanzanian immigrant who applied for acceptance
+under Affirmative Action as "African American" is funny, in a way,
+but also silly and disingenuous. Those preferential categories were
+set up to correct past injustices the person suffered, directly or
+indirectly, as a member of a group living in America.
+It is simply a matter of poorly specified language--the term used
+to be Negro or Black American, and now the preference is African
+American, but it refers to the same group. This student (of white
+racial background) certainly should not qualify as an affected
+group. Of course, the validity of such preferences is another matter,
+and I have a feeling that those who sympathize with him are hostile
+to the whold notion of race- or ethnic- (or perhaps gender-) based
+preferences to compensate for past group-based discrimination.
+I'm an art historian, and new to this area of study, so
+please pardon me if the two comments below are excessively
+naive.
+I would add that we not only need to consider class as
+a parameter in the inflection of the race/ethnicity interface,
+but religion as well. For example, one part of my family's
+non-white (Brazil) status seems to have been partly eased by
+their protestantism. Thus they were able to participate in important
+mainstream midwestern social practices (church related) very early.
+I have been trying to sort this out, as my current research
+partly concerns the changing status of eastern europeans and Jews
+in the late 1930s-mid 1940s....
+As to historical shifts in U.S. thinking about race/ethnicity,
+I have a question: (1) how big an impact did the integration
+of the armed forces in W.W.II have? From the (limited) research
+I have done, it seems that right around this time southern europeans
+became less "non-white." Or is it really the Civil Rights movement
+that brought issues of skin color to the fore, overshadowing the
+intra-european ethnicity issues?
+Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
+Andrea Pappas
+Art History
+pappas@scf.usc.edu
+(I hope everyone understands--in light of my last post, especially--that
+I am not claiming that "race" is an "essential" category--but that dark
+skin, and not "Africanness", is a structural disadvantage in the U.S.)
+Kenny Mostern <kennym@UCLINK2.BERKELEY.EDU>
+UC-Berkeley Ethnic Studies Graduate Group
+Against: racism, sexism, homophobia, capitalism, militarism
+For: the truth--and the funk!
+Actually this very issue was raised in my Black Psychology class last winter.
+A white female student who was born and raised in African and whose family
+recently moved to the U.S. asked the class if she was African-American since
+she is now a naturalized citizen.
+You can imagine that the class (especially the Black students) had a fit. My
+question to the class was How should someone with that background be
+classified? The class gave similar responses but I don't think anyone was
+convinced to change their perspective.
+Does anyone hear have any ideas on how someone like that would be designated.
+I guess we could defer to race then she would be a White American...the same
+with ancestry I guess. I do agree that on one hand it is important to keep the
+racial classifications for affirmative action purpose, but the devils advocate
+in
+in me wants to expose the social construction of race and free my self from
+being defined by someone outside of my self. To me that changes nothing about
+identifying culturally as an African-American...to me being an African-American
+is more than a color it is a cultural identity..
+Now my students also said the same, being African-American is more than an
+ethnic label, it is a way of being in the world that has been shaped by a
+glorious heritage (whether you count Kemet or not) and a history of oppression.
+That's my two cents....what do you think?
+Joycelyn Landrum-Brown
+Joyce@edstar.gse.ucsb.edu
+My sense of what I've read in this area is that "New Immigrants" and their
+children (Poles, Italians and other Southeastern European immigrants) get
+redefined as "white" during and (in a sense) *by* World War II. Gary
+Gerstle has a fascinating article on this: "The Working Class Goes to
+War," Mid-America: An Historical Review 75 (October 1993). He argues
+that these groups came to feel accepted by the ("old stock") nation during
+the war, but that this redefinition into the category of "American" was
+simultaneously a redefinition into the category of "white." And since this
+new "American" identity was hinged on being "not-black," Southeastern
+Europeans and their children ended up accentuating their "whiteness" in
+the 1940s by stressing their separation from African Americans; hence, to
+an extent, the housing/race riots described by Arnold Hirschman (in
+Chicago) and Thomas Sugrue (in Detroit). I would add that I think the
+racial dimension extends beyond white ethnics being redefined in
+opposition to African Americans; the pervasive anti-Asian (specifically
+anti-Japanese) racism of the war years in the United States (as described
+by John Dower in War Without Mercy) looks to me like another vehicle by
+which Southeastern Europeans could be transformed into "white" (that is,
+not-Asian). Anyway, that's my $0.02 worth.
+Matt is presently working on his second book, entitled *Becoming
+Caucasian: The Racialization and Re-racialization of European Immigrants,
+1840-1950*. I believe it's under contract with Harvard.
+At his request, I'm putting out a call for queries and correspondence
+from all interested parties. He's pretty eager to establish contact with
+other experts in the field.
+Unfortunately, he can only be contacted through regular snail mail
+(at least until the fall when he expects to get on-line) at the following
+address:
+Professor Matthew Jacobson
+Department of History
+SUNY at Stony Brook
+Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794-4383
+History dept. telephone number: (516) 632-7500
+Would the moderator of this list be kind enough to post this request on
+H-Labor and other appropriate lists to ensure the widest possible
+dissemination? Thanks for your help.
+Malini Sood
+Department of History
+SUNY Stony Brook
+msood@ccvm.sunysb.edu
+I have a number of South African Jewish friends who are naturalized
+Americans, and we have discussed this issue of appropriate nomenclature. If
+it is essential to keep a racial designation, it should be less euphemistic
+than "African-American." What about "Ethnic African?"
+Denise Gluck
+gluckd@acfcluster.nyu.edu
+Re: what to call "white" people from Africa.
+The white South Africans I know refer to themselves as "South
+Africans." People from Zimbabwe who are the descendents of European
+settlers are considered Zimbabweans; in South Africa the ANC accepts
+whites as citizens of South Africa although there are other political
+organizations that believe the descendents of settlers are not legitimate
+citizens. So politics is as always an element of constructing identity
+and belonging.
+In any case, most people, I believe, identify themselves by
+nationality. "African" denotes a continent and is no more specific than a
+German saying they are a "European," which most Germans would not. Here
+in the United States we have a culture that has constructed racial
+categories that have no scientific basis. "African American" represents an
+effort by descendents of African slaves in the U.S. to denote a cultural
+(even national) experience and collective identity not founded on "race"
+even if that experience was forged through racist oppression. The trend of
+European immigrants in the U.S. to consider themselves "white" is, I
+agree, an effort to be "not black", a response to the racialization of
+american society. According to Winthrop Jordan, "white" does not enter the
+american (colonial) vocabulary until 1680, when slavery was beginning to
+become prevalent.("White Over Black") The Irish in the 19th century
+began to call themselves "white" to distinguish themselves from slaves,
+as the work they often did was the same. (see David Roediger, "The Wages of
+Whiteness")
+"Nation" is also an "imagined community" to use Anderson's phrase,
+but nation or country has more precise demarcations in time and space,
+that is, they are historically specific and can be used as more reliable
+or legitimate categories. The historical specificity of nation-states is
+quite evident in the problem posed recently in this discussion regarding
+groups from eastern europe and the former soviet union, for whom
+ethnicity or even nationality have not been consistent with state boundaries.
+- freely available
+- re-usable
+Molecules 2014, 19(4), 4115-4134; doi:10.3390/molecules19044115
+Abstract: Divalent or multivalent molecules often show enhanced biological activity relative to the simple monomeric units. Here we present enzymatically and chemically prepared dimers of the flavonolignans silybin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin. Their electrochemical behavior was studied by in situ and ex situ square wave voltammetry. The oxidation of monomers and dimers was similar, but adsorption onto the electrode and cell surfaces was different. A 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and an inhibition of microsomal lipoperoxidation assay were performed with same trend of results for silybin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin dimers. Silybin dimer showed better activity than the monomer, while on the contrary 2,3-dehydrosilybin dimer presented weaker antioxidant/antilipoperoxidant activity than its monomer. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells, normal human adult keratinocytes, mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3) and human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). Silybin dimer was more cytotoxic than the parent compound and in the case of 2,3-dehydrosilybin its dimer showed weaker cytotoxicity than the monomer.
+1. Introduction
+The flavonolignan silybin (1), an antioxidant and hepatoprotectant, is a major bioactive component of the extract from the milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae)] denoted as silymarin [1]. Silybin occurs in silymarin as an approximately equimolar mixture of two diastereoisomers: silybin A (1a) and silybin B (1b) (Figure 1) [2]. 2,3-Dehydrosilybin (6) occurs in silymarin in minor amounts (also as a mixture of enantiomers) presumably resulting from spontaneous oxidation of silybin [3], and it has significantly higher anticancer [4,5] and antioxidant [6,7] activity than silybin.
+Silybin and its congeners, being effective chemoprotectants, have been used for a diverse range of semisynthetic modifications, both chemical and enzymatic. Enzymatic methods are more suitable than chemical ones due to the sensitivity of these flavonoids to oxidation and extreme pH.
+Acylation at position C-23, which does not participate in the antioxidant activity of silybin [7,8], has been accomplished both with chemical [9] and enzymatic [10,11] methods and produced new antiviral and antitumor compounds. Enzymatic acylation/deacylation at the C-23 OH also enabled the first diastereomeric separation at the preparatory scale [12]. On the other hand, modification (e.g., methylation) of C-7 OH, bearing a pro-oxidant potential, significantly improves the antiradical activity of silybin [8].
+Silybin has already been covalently conjugated with other drugs, leading to hybrid or co-drug molecules. This was recently exemplified by the preparation of a tacrine-silybin co-drug aiming to lower the hepatotoxicity of tacrine while maintaining its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects that are used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [13]. Silybin was also linked at C-23 by a phosphodiesteric moiety to various molecules aiming to improve its biological properties [14].
+Silybin dimerization has also been achieved: the first oxidative dimerization of partially protected silybin with laccase yielded C-C and C-O dimers [15]. This study was focused on describing the mechanism of oxidative attack on silybin. Later, Theodosiou et al. [11] detected (only by MS) silybin diester dimers linked with dicarboxylic acids to the 23-OH as byproducts of the synthesis of silybin acylated derivatives using lipase-catalyzed esterification. Both of the above studies were performed with natural silybin (1), i.e., an equimolar mixture of silybin A (1a) and B (1b). Using this mixture would not cause a problem in the antioxidant studies, as we have demonstrated that both 1a and 1b behave in a very similar way towards radical and/or oxidative attack in an isotropic milieu [16]. Nevertheless, interaction with biological systems involves interactions with the 3D structures and here the stereochemistry of the ligands is of the utmost importance. Dimerization of the diastereomeric silybin mixture could lead in theory to three compounds (AA, BB, AB), however, their proportions are rather unpredictable as the lipases typically display stereoselectivity [12] towards 1a and 1b, and the MS analysis used [11] could not deconvolute the mixture. A typical example of the differing biological activity of 1a and 1b is the fact that silybin B (1b) interacts with estrogen receptors, whereas silybin A (1a) is devoid of this activity [17].
+Divalent or multivalent molecules often exhibit enhanced biological activity relative to the simple monovalent units [18]. It is not only the multivalency effect that modifies their biological activity (multi-ligand binding) but also their pharmacokinetic parameters, as shown recently in artemisinin dimers used as antimalarial drugs [19]. Sometimes an entirely new biological entity is created by dimerization, e.g., the oligomerization of ergot alkaloids lead to an entirely new antiplasmodial activity [20]. The dimerization of flavonoids, aiming at the preparation of more effective P-glycoprotein inhibitors, has been accomplished by the synthesis of apigenin homodimers linked with polyethylene glycol spacers [21]. This study also demonstrated that the length of the spacer is a critical parameter for the binding of dimers to the target protein(s).
+We have decided to prepare defined dimers of silybin and 2,3-dehydrosilybin, including heterodimers using both the diester enzyme-catalyzed concept [22] and the diether (chemical) approach. The basic properties of these new compounds were determined by using antioxidant, electrochemical and toxicological assays to enable their further application in more complex biological studies.
+2. Results and Discussion
+2.1. Synthesis of Dimers
+Lipase-mediated synthesis is a preferable and very effective method for the selective acylation of primary hydroxyl groups in non-aqueous media [23]. We used the divinyl esters of dicarboxylic acids as donors due to the fact that lipase-catalyzed reaction is faster and the reaction equilibrium is more shifted in favor of transesterification than in the reactions with free acids. Here we used Novozym 435—a lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on an acrylic resin, taking advantage of its specific selectivity and straightforward handling. Reactions were performed in dry acetonitrile, in which silybin was completely soluble (ca 12 g/L). In the case of enzymatic reactions silybin is typically not completely dissolved at the start of the reaction but it dissolves as the reactions progress.
+The lipase-catalyzed acylation of the primary group of silybin A (1a) and B (1b) was used for preparation of the C-23 derivatives of symmetric dimers of silybin 3 and 4 (Scheme 1).
+The preparation of the C-23 derivatives of silybin symmetric dimers 3 and 4 involves a lipase-catalyzed acylation of the primary hydroxyl group of silybin (Scheme 1). The ratio of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants silybin and divinylester of dodecandioic acid was 2.7:1. Dodecanedioic acid was converted to its divinyl ester in the presence of vinyl acetate and a catalytic amount of mercury(II) acetate according to [24]. The synthesis of asymmetric dimer 5 was comprised of two steps (Scheme 1). First, the synthesis of the activated acyl donor (12-vinyl dodecandioate-23-O-silybin B, 2b) was accomplished by lipase-mediated esterification of the C-23 of 1a.
+The length of the aliphatic linker between the two units of silybin was optimized. Divinyl esters of succinic (C4), glutaric (C5) and adipic acid (C6) were reacted with silybin under Novozym 435 catalysis but no silybin dimers were formed. The short aliphatic chain did not allow the linkage of two units of silybin, even though monovinyl esters or hydrolyzed esters of silybin were formed. Hence, a divinyl ester of dodecanedioic acid (C12) was compatible with the stereochemistry of sterically demanding molecule of the silybin dimer and the yield of the prepared compounds differs from 24% to 44%. In the study of Theodosiou et al. [11], silybin dimers with aliphatic chains (C6, C12, C16) were synthesized and detected by HPLC/MS analysis as byproducts during the preparation of silybin acyl esters, however, the yields were very low (2.9%–6.2%).
+The dimer of 2,3-dehydrosilybin (7) was also prepared in the presence of Novozym 435 with a 4:1 ratio of the stoichiometric coefficients of the reactants silybin and divinylester of dodecanedioic acid (Scheme 2). Due to paucity of enantiomerically pure dehydrosilybin the compound 7 was prepared from the enantiomeric mixture.
+Chemical synthesis allowed us to prepare entirely new dimers due to the significantly higher reactivity of the hydroxyl group in the position C-7 of silybin in comparison to other hydroxyl groups. Reaction with p- or m-xylylene dibromide in the presence of K2CO3 was used for formation of silybin dimers 8–11 with etheric bridges (Scheme 3). In contrast to the flexible aliphatic linker of dimers 3, 4, 5, 7 a xylyl moiety has a rigid structure.
+All prepared dimers and monomers 1a, 1b, 6 were tested for electrochemical behavior using SWV and antioxidant activity using DPPH scavenging. Data (not shown) for both types of silybin dimers were comparable with that of the silybin monomers, hence, for following results and discussion silybin A (1a) and the product 3 were chosen (Table 1).
+2.2. Stability of Dimers
+The stability of the dimers in PBS and phosphate buffers (0.2 M, pH 7.4) was determined by HPLC after 24 h. In all cases, no decomposition of the ester or ether bonds was observed (data not shown). However, during longer incubation signs of instability (decomposition) were observed in compounds 4 and 5 and, therefore, these compounds were not further tested in biological assays.
+2.3. Electrochemistry
+The electrochemical behavior of monomers 1a, 6 and their dimers was studied using SWV under in situ and ex situ (adsorptive transfer) conditions according to the previously published protocol [7]. For 1a and its dimers we can observed two well-developed oxidation peaks at Ep1 ~ +0.55 V and Ep2 ~ +0.87 V (Figure 2).
+* The values of oxidation potentials Ep were estimated by SWV. The same values can be observed by CV with a difference of ±0.05 V. ** DPPH scavenging is expressed as absorbance change caused by 33 µM test compound—the higher the value, the better the scavenger. Values marked with the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05). Ep1 ~ +0.55 V can be ascribed to oxidation of C-20 OH; Ep2 ~ +0.87 V relates to oxidation of resorcinol moiety (ring A), probably C-5 OH; Ep3 ~ +0.37 V can be ascribed to oxidation of C-3 OH (6, 7).
+The first peak can be ascribed to oxidation of C-20 hydroxyl group at ring E. Second oxidation step is connected to the oxidation of resorcinol moiety (ring A), most probably C-5 hydroxyl group is involved in the anodic reaction [7,25,26]. Besides above-mentioned, the oxidation of C-3 hydroxyl group (ring C) in 6 and 7 was found at less positive potential, Ep3 ~ +0.37 V. The peaks occurred at less positive potentials indicate better antioxidant activity of attributed molecule part. Practically no difference in the potentials of oxidation between monomers and their respective dimers were observed (Table 1). This indicates that ability of the dimers to donate electron(s) is very similar as for the parent monomers. The reactivity and antioxidant capacity of the compounds investigated can be deduced from the potential of the first oxidation peak (wave) in the first anodic scan, where the antioxidant capacity of the oxidized compounds is negatively associated with their oxidation potential. Thus, the occurrence of peak 3 for 6 and 7 indicates that both compounds will be better antioxidants than 1a and its dimers. This statement is in good agreement with many of biological studies where facilitation of biological activities and antioxidant capacity improvement was found for dehydroderivatives of flavonolignans in comparison to 1a and its congeners [1]. In addition to redox properties, the adsorption behavior of 1a and 6 was also studied and compared to the dimeric forms. It is well known that monomeric flavonolignans are strongly adsorbed onto electrodes at open circuit potential [7,27]. However, the adsorption of dimer 3 and 7 was strictly limited and practically impossible under the experimental conditions used (cf.Figure 2A,B). The differences in adsorption behavior were also confirmed by a.c. voltammetry (data not shown). Identical adsorption behavior can also be found for other dimers prepared in this work. All SWV data presented here were consistent with results acquired using cyclic voltammetry at v = 1 V s−1 with an Ep difference of ±0.05 V.
+2.4. DPPH Scavenging
+All the compounds except the intermediate 2a were screened for their ability to scavenge a stable model radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) at 33 µM and they all were able to scavenge this radical with various efficiencies (Table 1). Silybin 1a displayed 6.6% inhibition and values between 7.1% and 10.7% were found for its dimers, without significant difference (p < 0.05). In contrast, racemic 2,3-dehydrosilybin 6 scavenged 83% and its respected dimer 7 caused a 33.4% decrease in absorbance. Based on this screening and on the results from the voltammetry, we have selected representative dimers 3 and 7 and the parent molecules, 1a and 6 for more detailed analyses. The IC50 for DPPH scavenging determined for 1a was 225.4 ± 9.4 µM and a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in scavenging activity was noted for the respective dimer 3 with IC50 137.1 ± 7.5 µM. The most powerful DPPH scavenger was racemic 6, with IC50 6.43 ± 0.30 µM. After dimerization, a significantly (p < 0.05) weaker activity was observed for the dimer 7; IC50 29.0 ± 0.7 µM.
+2.5. Inhibition of Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation
+All the compounds tested were able to inhibit the microsomal lipid peroxidation of rat liver microsomes, induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (Figure 3). The IC50 determined for 1a was 53.7 ± 6.1 µM, while the antilipoperoxidant activity was improved (p < 0.05) for the respective dimer 3 with IC50 34.0 ± 4.3 µM. The most powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation was again monomeric 6, with IC5014.53 ± 0.73 µM. After dimerization, a weaker activity was observed for the dimer 7; IC50 59.2 ± 5.9 µM (p < 0.05). The lipid peroxidation data are in very good agreement with the DPPH test.
+In both DPPH scavenging and microsomal lipid peroxidation tests, the data found for silybin A 1a and 2,3-dehydrosilybin 6 are in good agreement with previously published data using a slightly different experimental setting [6,9,16,28,29]. With the dimers, we noted an activity for silybin dimer 3 that was approximately 1.6 times that of the parent molecule 1a. This improvement could be attributed simply to an increased number of reactive OH-groups in the resulting molecule. In contrast, the dimerization of 2,3-dehydrosilybin resulted in about a quarter of the activity, which will be discussed in Section 2.6. The electrochemical results indicated that the redox behavior of monomeric and dimeric molecules is quite similar but the interaction (adsorption) ability of the dimers is different. So the explanation of the diversity in the DPPH scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the tested flavonolignans will be probably based on their different intra- and inter-molecular interaction mode. This idea is supported by the fact that the oxidation mechanism (electron transfer ability) is practically the same for the monomeric and dimeric state of the compounds investigated.
+To the best of our knowledge, no similar comparison has been performed to date. The silybin dimers prepared previously were not tested for biological activity [11,15]. No dimer of 2,3-dehydrosilybin has been prepared so far. Analogous dimers were prepared from ascorbic acid (and dehydroascorbic acid) but only the physico-chemical properties of the dimers were described [22]. Recently, a natural flavan-3-ol dimer was isolated from green tea from Camellia taliensis having DPPH- and ABTS+-scavenging activities superior to all other compounds from the tea, but unfortunately without testing the parent monomer [30]. Natural epicatechin dimer (procyanidin B2) exhibited, when the results were expressed based on a unit molar concentration of epicatechin, comparable DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities [31]. On the other hand, various dimers were identified as products of the reaction of various (poly)phenolics with DPPH [32,33,34].
+2.6. Cytotoxicity
+The effect of the studied flavonolignans on cell cultures was evaluated in four types of cells. Two of them (HUVEC and NAK) are primary dividing cells with limited passage possibilities; HUVEC are vascular cells [35] and NAK are skin cells [36]. BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts are an immortalized non-transformed cell line and HepG2 transformed hepatoma epithelial cells [37]. HUVEC were the most sensitive to the tested compounds and NAK were the most resistant, 50% cytotoxicity was not achieved for up to 200 µM of all the compounds tested in NAK cells (Figure 4). In all other cells used, the same trend can be observed. With 1a, the parent compound displayed quite a low cytotoxicity (IC50 60–166 µM) and its dimer 3 is much more cytotoxic (IC50 8–44 µM). In contrast, 2,3-dehydrosilybin 6, with an IC50 of 12–59 µM, is significantly more cytotoxic than the mixed 2,3-dehydrosilybin dimer (7), IC50 99–173 µM, Table 2. These results follow a similar trend as the effect of the dimers on DPPH scavenging and microsomal lipoperoxidation. No data about the cytotoxicity of flavonolignan dimers are available in the literature. Nevertheless, a spontaneously formed heterodimer of the flavonol quercetin with quite a rigid structure was recently found to be responsible for its cytotoxicity towards MDA-MB-231 cells [38]. Biological activity towards P-glycoprotein-based multidrug resistance was evaluated for various synthetic luteolin dimers in multidrug resistant MDA435/LCC6 breast cancer cells and was found to be strongly influenced by the length of the linker used. Dimers with spacers between two and four ethylene glycols were effective at reversing multidrug resistance, while dimers with shorter or longer spacers exhibited little or no effect [21].
+a The cells were grown in 96-well plates to near confluence, then incubated with the tested compounds for 24 h and MTT-reducing ability was expressed as IC50 [µM] (mean ± SD from three independent experiments performed in triplicates); bp < 0.05 compared with 1a; cp < 0.05 compared with 6.
+Taken together, these results led us to the hypothesis that in 2,3-dehydrosilybin 6, dimerization using a flexible aliphatic ester linker probably resulted in the π-stacking of the two 2,3-dehydrosilybin units together and the blocking of some active groups. Similar inter and intra-molecular π-stacking was described, confirmed experimentally [39] and by means of molecular modelling [40,41] to be involved e.g., in copigmentation of anthocyanins and synthesis of oligostilbenoids [42]. Comparison of the hydration constants of various delphidin-based pigments revealed clearly that this type of interaction will be stronger for molecules with longer and more linear chains with greater flexibility. Moreover, a flat aromatic structure is required for π-stacking to occur [39]. Indeed, while the flavonoid part of 2,3-dehydrosilybin 6 was found to be planar, allowing π-electron delocalization, in silybin 1, the planarity is lost with a strong distortion (Φ ca 74°) due to the loss of the 2,3-double bond and subsequently the loss of π-electron delocalization [16]. Π-stacking is, therefore, much more probable to occur in the dimer 7 compared to the compound 3. In both tests, the DPPH and lipoperoxidation assays, the double bond between C-2 and C-3 and also unoccupied hydroxyl groups in positions C-3, C-5 and C-7 are essential for its high antioxidant properties. They play an important role in the mechanism of resonance stabilization which leads to a stable resonance structure [8,16]. The stacking of two units of 2,3-dehydrosilybin in the dimer molecule can block one or more hydroxyl groups and make resonance stabilization impossible, which probably decreases the reactivity and antioxidant activity of the 2,3-dehydrosilybin dimer.
+3. Experimental
+3.1. Chemicals and Reagents
+Optically pure silybin A and B were prepared from commercial silymarin according to the published procedure [43]. p-Xylylene dibromide was obtained from ABCR (Karlsruhe, Germany). Other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Reactions were monitored by TLC (silica gel/TLC sheets 60 F254 Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). The lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin (Novozym 435) was purchased from Novo-Nordisk (Bagsvaerd, Denmark).
+Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for cell cultures, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide), streptomycin, penicillin, glutamine, trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BH, 70%), foetal calf serum (FCS) and newborn FCS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Collagenase was from Serva (Heidelberg, Germany). Endothelial Cell Basal Medium with growth factors (Endothelial Growth Medium, EGM) was from Promocell (Heidelberg, Germany), EpiLife medium (M-EPI-500-CA) and Human Keratinocyte Growth Supplement (HKGS) from Life Technologies (Prague, Czech Republic). Other chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade from Pliva-Lachema (Brno, Czech Republic). For lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity measurement, the tested compounds were dissolved in 10 mM of DMSO and these stock solutions were kept at −20 °C.
+3.2. General Methods
+NMR spectra were measured with a Bruker AVANCE III 600 MHz spectrometer (600.23 MHz for 1H, and 150.93 MHz for 13C) in DMSO-d6, 30 °C. The residual signal of the solvent was used as an internal standard (δH 3.330, δC 49.30). 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC spectra were measured using the standard manufacturer’s software. Chemical shifts are given in δ-scale [ppm], and coupling constants in Hz. The digital resolution enabled us to report chemical shifts of protons to three and carbon chemical shifts to two decimal places. Some hydrogen chemical shifts were read out from the HSQC and are reported to two decimal places. Mass spectra were measured with a Micromass Platform LC system in methanol with the addition of formic acid. Reaction mixtures were incubated in a Thermomixer (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany).
+3.3. Chemistry
+3.3.1. Synthesis of 12-Vinyl Dodecanedioate-23-O-Silybin B (2b)
+Silybin B (1b, 1 mmol, 1 eq.) and divinylester of dodecanedioic acid [24] (2.624 mmol, 2.6 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (15 mL). Novozym 435 (200 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieves (200 mg) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was incubated at 45 °C, 500 rpm. After 24 h, the reaction was terminated by filtering off the enzyme and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product 2b was purified by silica gel flash chromatography (chloroform/acetone 85:15).
+1-((3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]-[1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl) 12-vinyl dodecanedioate (12-vinyl dodecanedioate-23-O-silybin B) (2b). White solid (yield 38%, 235 mg, 0.326 mmol). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd. for C39H45O13 721.5; Found: 721.3.
+3.3.2. General Procedure—Preparation of Diesters 3 and 4
+Silybin (1a or 1b, 0.621 mmol, 2.7 eq.) and divinyldodecanedioate (0.230 mmol, 1 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (9 mL). Novozym 435 (150 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieves ).
+bis(((2R,3 (3). White solid (yield 24%, 86 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd. for C62H63O22 1158.4; Found 1158.3.
+bis(( (4). White solid (yield 44%, 118 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd. for C62H63O22 1158.4; Found 1158.4.
+3.3.3. Preparation of Mixed Dimer 5
+12-Vinyl dodecanedioate-23-O-silybin B (2b, 0.278 mmol, 1 eq.) and silybin A (1a, 0.556 mmol, 2 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (9 mL). Novozym 435 (100 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieves ).
+1-(((2R,3R)-3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-((2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxochroman-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl) 12-(( (5). White solid (yield 26%, 85 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S2 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd. for C62H63O22 1158.1; Found 1158.1.
+3.3.4. Preparation 2,3-Dehydrosilybin Dimer 7
+2,3-Dehydrosilybin (6, 0.416 mmol, 4 eq.) and the divinylester of dodecanedioic acid (0.104 mmol, 1 eq.) were dissolved in anhydrous acetone (20 mL). Novozym 435 (200 mg) and 4 Å molecular sieves (50 mg) were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was incubated at 45 °C, 500. After 16 h, the reaction was stopped by filtering off the enzyme and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography (CHCl3/acetone 4:1).
+bis((3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo-[b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methyl) dodecanedioate (7). Yellow solid (yield 19%, 90 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M+H]+ Calcd. for C62H58O22 1153.8; Found 1153.8. HRMS [M+Na]+ Calcd. 1177.3317; Found 1177.3328.
+3.3.5. General Procedure: Preparation of Silybin Diethers 8, 9, 10 and 11
+K2CO3 (5.8 mmol, 7 eq.) and p-xylylene dibromide (0.42 mmol, 0.5 eq.) or m-xylylene dibromide (0.42 mmol, 0.5 eq.) were added to the solution of silybin (1 or 1a or 1b, 400 mg, 0.83 mmol, 1 eq.) in dry acetone (20 mL). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 4 h under nitrogen. The reaction was quenched by the addition of conc. HCl (1 mL), diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 30 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4 and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (linear gradient from chloroform/acetone 85:15 to acetone 100%) and the title compound was isolated as a white amorphous solid.
+(2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-7,7'-((1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))bis(3,5-dihydroxy-2-((2R,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)chroman-4-one) (8). This compound was prepared according to the general procedure from 1a and p-xylylene dibromide. Product was isolated as a white solid (yield 7%, 30 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S3 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M−H]+ Calcd. for C58H50O201065.5; Found 1065.5.
+(2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-7,7'-((1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))bis(3,5-dihydroxy-2-((2S,3S)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)chroman-4-one) (9). This compound was prepared according to the general procedure from 1b and p-xylylene dibromide. Product was isolated as a white solid (yield 9%, 35 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S3 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M−H]+ Calcd. for C58H50O20 1065.4; Found 1065.4.
+(2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-7,7'-((1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))bis(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)chroman-4-one) (10). This compound was prepared according to the general procedure from 1 and p-xylylene dibromide. Product was isolated as a white solid (yield 15%, 40 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S3 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M−H]+ Calcd. for C58H50O20 1065.5; Found 1065.3.
+(2R,2'R,3R,3'R)-7,7'-((1,3-Phenylenebis(methylene))bis(oxy))bis(3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)chroman-4-one) (11). This compound was prepared according to the general procedure from 1 and m-xylylene dibromide. Product was isolated as a white solid (yield 14%, 30 mg). For 1H and 13C-NMR data, see Tables S1 and S3 in the Supporting Information. MS-ESI m/z: [M−H]+ Calcd. for C58H50O20 1065.5; Found 1065.5.
+3.4. Stability of Dimers—HPLC Analysis
+The stability of the dimers in PBS buffer and phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 7.4) was monitored using an HPLC method. 40 mM solutions of compounds 4 and 10 in DMSO were diluted with 2 mL of each buffers and incubated for 24 h at room temperature. The chromatography was carried out in a Shimadzu Prominence UFLC system (Kyoto, Japan) consisting of a DGU-20A mobile phase degasser, two LC-20AD solvent delivery units, SIL-20ACHT cooling autosampler, CTO-10AS column oven and SPD-M20A (PDA, photodiode array detector). A Chromolith Performance RP-18e monolithic column (100 × 3 mm i.d.) and guard column (5 × 4.6 mm i.d., both Merck) were used. The PDA data were acquired in the 200–450 nm range and the 285 signal was extracted. Gradient elution: mobile phase A: 0.1% formic acid, 10% methanol in water (v/v/v); mobile phase B: 0.1% formic acid in methanol (v/v); gradient, 0–1 min, 20% B; 1–8 min, 20%–90% B; 8–9 min, 90% B, 9–10 min, 90%–20% B. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min at 25 °C.
+3.5. Electrochemical Measurement
+The monomeric flavonolignans and their dimers were analyzed using in situ voltammetry with the working electrode (PGE: pyrolytic graphite electrode) dipped in the supporting electrolyte containing the analytes and/or ex situ voltammetric analysis (adsorptive transfer, AdT technique). For this purpose, the PGE was first dipped into a 5 µL aliquot of the studied sample. After an accumulation period (30 s), the electrode was washed with deionized water and placed in an electrochemical cell containing pure supporting electrolyte. Square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed at room temperature with a µAutolab III analyzer (EcoChemie, Utrecht, The Netherlands) in a three-electrode setup (Ag/AgCl 3M KCl electrode as a reference and a platinum wire as the auxiliary electrode). SWV parameters: frequency: 200 Hz, from 0 V to +1.5 V, concentration of tested compounds (50 µM), supporting electrolyte: Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 7.4. The flavonolignans analyzed were dissolved in methanol as a stock solution of 1 mg mL−1 (stored in a fridge in the dark), and diluted with the supporting electrolyte and/or 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5) for in situ and/or ex situ voltammetry. Ex situ a.c. voltammetry (out-of-phase) was carried out with a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) according to the previously published paper [44]. In this case, the flavonolignans (50 µM) were adsorbed from 0.2 M acetate buffer (pH 5) for 30 s. For current responses and potentials (Ep), the standard deviations (S.D.) were less than ±3.55% and ±3 mV for all experiments, respectively.
+3.6. DPPH Assay
+Antiradical activity was evaluated spectrophotometrically as the ability of the tested substances to reduce the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as described previously [45] with minor modifications. Briefly, a solution of the tested substance (10 µL, final concentration 0–540 µM) were mixed with a freshly prepared methanolic DPPH solution (290 µL, final concentration 20 µM) in a microtiter plate well. After 30 min, absorbance at 517 nm was measured, percentages of inhibition were calculated using the negative control and for selected compounds the IC50 values were obtained from the inhibition curves.
+3.7. Inhibition of Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation
+Microsomes were prepared from rat liver homogenate as described previously [46] and resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer with 100 mM KCl and 0.1 mM EDTA (pH 7.4). The protein concentration in the stock microsomal suspension was determined using the Bradford method [47] to be typically ca 30 mg protein/mL. This stock suspension was stored at −80 °C and diluted to 0.625 mg protein/mL using PBS before use. 0.4 mL of the diluted microsomal suspension was then mixed with the compounds tested (final concentration 10–200 µM in 0.01 mL DMSO) and incubated for 10 min at 37 °C. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (0.09 mL in PBS; final concentration 1 mM) was then added and the mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. The products of lipid peroxidation were determined as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS): 0.7 mL of trichloroacetic acid (26 mM) with thiobarbituric acid (918 mM) were added, the mixture was heated (90 °C; 30 min), cooled, centrifuged (10 min; 10,000 rpm; 4 °C) and the absorbance of the supernatant at 535 nm measured. The activity was calculated as the concentration of the tested compound that inhibited the color reaction with thiobarbiturate (without the tested compound) by 50% (IC50).
+3.8. Source of Human Tissues
+Human umbilical cords and skin samples were obtained from healthy volunteers, who had to fulfill the requirements for submission to the study and sign a personal awareness declaration. The choice of volunteers was in accordance with the principles of the International Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research [48] and the study was approved by the Ethics Commission of Palacký University and University Hospital in Olomouc.
+3.9. Cell Cultures
+All the cells were cultured in a humidified atmosphere with 5% (v/v) CO2 at 37 °C and subcultured before confluence. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) were isolated from umbilical cords of healthy non-smoker women (18–35 years) as described previously [49], cultivated in gelatin-coated flasks in EGM and used in passages 2–6. Primary Normal human Adult epidermal Keratinocytes (NAK) were isolated from normal skin obtained from excessive tissue removed during abdominoplasty or mammoplasty of healthy adult patients as described in [36,50], cultivated in EpiLife medium with the addition of HKGS. Mouse fibroblasts (BALB/c 3T3 cells) were purchased from the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, UK) and were grown in DMEM supplemented with heat-inactivated FCS (5%, v/v) and newborn FCS, streptomycin (100 U/mL), penicillin (0.1 mg/mL) and glutamine (4 mM). Hepatocyte carcinoma HepG2 cells (No. 85011430, ECACC) were cultured at 37 °C in DMEM supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% non-essential amino acids, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 mg/mL streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA).
+3.10. Cytotoxicity Testing
+The cells were plated into 96-well cell culture plates and grown to near confluence. The tested compounds were placed in the respective fresh medium in serial dilutions (100 µL/well) and incubated with the cells for 24 h. After incubation, the medium was removed, the cells were washed with PBS, fresh medium containing 1 mg/mL of MTT was added and the plates were incubated for a further 3 h (37 °C). The resulting formazan was dissolved in 50 µL of 1% NH3 in DMSO, absorbance was read at 540 nm and IC50 values were obtained graphically from the dependence of cell viability on the concentration of the tested compound.
+3.11. Statistical Analysis
+Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA using the statistical package statext ver. 2.1. Differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05.
+4. Conclusions
+Divalent or multivalent molecules can modulate and promote biological activity compared to their monomers. Two different types of silybin or 2,3-dehydrosilybin dimers, differing in the connection of their monomeric units, were prepared and characterized. Electrochemical measurements show that mechanism of oxidation of all dimeric compounds (vs. parent molecules) is probably the same. The specific adsorption behavior onto the electrode surface indicates that the dimers could probably specifically interact with biomacromolecules and membranes and that this would influence their reactivity and uptake into cells, which was confirmed by various biological in vitro tests. The DPPH-scavenging and inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation was slightly improved by dimerization with silybin; but the dimer exhibited a higher cytotoxicity (HUVEC, BALB/c 3T3, HepG2) than the parent compound. In contrast to this, the dimer of 2,3-dehydrosilybin exhibited a significant lowering of both DPPH-scavenging and antilipoperoxidant activity, and a lower cytotoxicity compared to 2,3-dehydrosilybin. This behavior might be caused by the stacking of the aromatic 2,3-dehydrosilybin moieties in the dimer. We assume that knowledge on the basic redox, antioxidant and toxicological properties of the novel flavonolignan dimers presented here can be applied in subsequent more complex biological studies.
+Supplementary Materials
+Supplementary data containing 1H and 13C-NMR and MS data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at:.
+Acknowledgments
+Financial support from the Czech Science Foundation, project P303/12/G163, Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic project LD13041, and a COST chemistry action CM1001 is gratefully acknowledged. A. Balharová, E. Lepařová, S. Snášelová and V. Pivodová (Palacky University, Olomouc) are thanked for their excellent technical assistance. The authors are indebted to I. Oborná and B. Zálešák (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital in Olomouc) for their kind donation of human umbilical cords and skin samples.
+Author Contributions
+E.V. synthetized all the new compounds, J.V. performed the voltammetric measurement and DPPH scavenging screening, K.V. was responsible for the determination of IC50 values for DPPH scavenging, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity evaluation. P.M. did the stability studies including HPLC, M.K. measured the NMRs. J.U. and V.K. designed the experiments. All the authors contributed to the manuscript writing.
+Conflicts of Interest
+The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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+On board the Azamara Pursuit, you’ll get…
+Cruise along breathtaking Norwegian scenery in style onboard the luxurious Amazmara Pursuit. Board the ship in Southampton, conveniently located with no need for flying to and from other countries - but don't worry, you have luggage included with no weight restrictions, as long as you can lift it yourself.
+See the spectacular natural beauty of Haugesund, Eidfjord, and Bergen as we travel near mountain ranges, waterfalls, and fjords. The Vøringsfossen waterfall features in your itinerary, as does a journey on the Flåm Railway. We will also visit the charming towns and cities of Oslo, Kristiansand, and Flåm.
+When we are sailing you are free to enjoy all of the onboard facilities the Azamara Pursuit has to offer. You have $50 on-board credit included, so you can treat yourself to a massage in the Sanctum Spa, or try one of the speciality restaurants. Make sure you pack a white outfit for the White Party, being as casual or formal as you wish, but make sure you are comfortable enough to dance!
+Make your way to the port of Southampton, where your tour manager will meet you aboard your floating boutique hotel, the Azamara Pursuit. Settle in and familiarise yourself with the ship before tonight’s excellent dinner in the elegant restaurant. Guests of Riviera Travel will also enjoy an exclusive wine pairing event on board, hosted by one of the ship’s own experts.
+Spend the day cruising in style and comfort aboard the superb Azamara Pursuit. Start your morning with a hearty breakfast, then lounge on the sun deck with your latest summer read. You may wish to go head-to-head with the other guests in a game of darts, ping pong or one of the many activities available. After dinner, head up to the sun deck for a spectacular sundowner or find a cosy spot in the beautifully appointed library to find out more about the places we visit.
+One of the joys of life aboard the Azamara Pursuit is the sense of relaxation it brings. A leisurely day’s cruising affords us plenty of time to catch up on some reading or treat yourself to a pampering session at the Sanctum Spa. Take a look at our schedule of talks on board by leading experts and brush up on your knowledge of our ports of call. Later during dinner we arrive at our first stop – Oslo, Norway’s beguiling capital city.
+After breakfast we have a sightseeing tour of Oslo. This relatively small capital is a captivating blend of old and new, featuring world-class museums, cutting-edge contemporary architecture and beautiful open spaces. We see the imposing Royal Palace and the famed Vigeland sculpture park.
+The rest of the day is free for you to explore this charming city. Perhaps visit the Kon-Tiki Museum, which contains the reed and balsa-wood vessels used by Norwegian adventurer Thor Heyerdahl on his landmark 1947 expedition across the Pacific and later trips across other oceans. Next door is the museum dedicated to the polar exploration ship, Fram, used by Roald Amundsen when he beat Captain Scott in the race to reach the South Pole.
+During dinner we begin cruising through the strait of Skagerrak, once the only route in and out of the Baltic Sea and the site of the Battle of Jutland during World War I.
+This morning we arrive in Kristiansand, a charming city with a lively fishing harbour and an old quarter where the architecture is as striking as it is diverse. The city’s broad streets are laid out in a quadrant plan, a legacy of King Christian IV from 1641. Perhaps visit the circular Christiansholm Fortress, which was once used to repel British warships but today doubles as a popular venue for cultural events. Just north of the city centre are Baneheia and Ravnedalen, quiet nature parks that offer excellent lakeside hiking. For insights into the daily life of Norwegians from the past, head to the Vest-Agder open-air museum, which features carefully reconstructed streets with an impressive collection of historic buildings, some dating back to 1580.
+Early this evening we continue cruising along Norway’s southern coast.
+Arriving this morning, you have the day to explore Haugesund, an attractive and lively city that stretches from the open sea to the magnificent fjords and mountains in the east. The kith and kin of early princes made the region the royal seat of Harald Fairhair, and if you wish to see the burial site of Norway’s very first king, head to the National Monument of Norway, where a 55.8-foot-high obelisk crowns a large mound. To learn about Haugesund’s more recent history and involvement in the Second World War, why not visit the Arquebus War History Museum? Perhaps travel through a scenic landscape of steep mountains to visit Langfoss, a 2,000-foot-long waterfall that has been voted one of the world’s 10 most beautiful waterfalls.
+During dinner this evening, the Azamara Pursuit continues its journey along the famed western coast.
+Perhaps awake early this morning for our grand arrival into Eidfjord, a beautifully sited town guarded by lofty mountains and cascading waterfalls. To really experience the sheer power of Mother Nature, we journey into the surrounding highlands and valleys, beginning with a steep drive to one of the largest mountain plateaus in Northern Europe – with a bit of luck, you might spot the wild reindeer that inhabit the area.
+We then make our way down into the steeply sided Måbødalen Valley to visit the manmade Sysendammen, one of Norway’s largest dams. Here we stroll along the 265-foot-high walls and take in wonderful views across the vast Hardangervidda plateau. Time seems to slow down in the stunning silence, and on a clear day you may be able to catch a glimpse of the magnificent, blue-tinted Hardanger glacier, which film buffs may recognise from The Empire Strikes Back.
+Last but certainly not least, we continue our drive to Norway’s most famous waterfall, the Vøringsfossen, which cuts through unspoilt wilderness and plunges dramatically over 600 feet to the valley floor.
+Back on board the Azamara Pursuit this evening, head up to the sun deck to admire the spectacular scenery as the ship departs Eidfjord, bathed in the warm glow of the setting sun.
+This morning we arrive in lovely Bergen, which stretches up the mountainsides and watches over the sea. Norway’s second-largest city somehow manages to ooze small-town charm as well as a fresh youthful atmosphere, despite being founded more than 900 years ago.
+It’s the first of our two days here and we have a walking tour to get to know this beautiful coastal city. Bergen has a long fishing heritage and we visit its famous fish market before strolling among the colourful wooden houses and warehouses that make up the UNESCO World Heritage site of Bryggen. Originally built during the 14th century for German merchants trading from the city, these waterside buildings have been converted into characterful shops and restaurants that wonderfully evoke Bergen’s medieval past.
+The rest of the day is free and our ship remains moored overnight, so there’s plenty of time to explore Bergen or return to your cabin to relax. Perhaps visit Håkon's Hall, the largest and most imposing royal residence in the 13th century, and still used today for official occasions. Other highlights include Rosenkrantz Tower, considered one of the country’s most important Renaissance monuments, and St Mary’s Church, an excellent example of Romanesque architecture in Norway.
+Another memorable highlight is included this evening. Join your travelling companions and tour manager for an exclusive music recital at Grieg Hall, home of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra and named after Bergen-born composer Edvard Grieg, who served as music director of the orchestra.
+Our second day in Bergen is entirely at your leisure, so what is it to be? This city is the birthplace of composer Edvard Grieg, so classical music enthusiasts may want to visit his enchanting summer residence, now a museum as well as a music venue for daily concerts during the summer.
+Shore excursions with Azamara can be booked in advance or on board, such as ascending Mount Fløyen by funicular and hiking through woodlands high above the fjords. Or experience the pastoral beauty of Hardanger on a panoramic journey through quaint market towns, mountain gorges and plateaus.
+We depart this wonderful city tonight as you enjoy another delicious dinner on board.
+This morning we find ourselves in the picturesque small town of Flåm, nestled in a tributary of the majestic Sognefjord, Norway’s deepest fjord. Surrounded by steep mountains, thundering waterfalls and plunging green valleys, you’re treated to a spectacular view at every turn.
+Included today is an exhilarating return journey on the Flåm Railway, one of the world’s steepest railway lines. It’s an extraordinary feat of engineering, zigzagging from the stunning Aurlandsfjord through tunnels carved in the forest-covered mountainsides allowing us to take in the magnificence of the perpendicular cliffs and roaring waterfalls. Enjoy the ride from fully enclosed coaches with elegant interiors and comfortable seating as your local guide brings to life the stunning surroundings. The hour-long journey ends high in the mountains at Myrdal station before returning to Flåm in time for lunch on board.
+Early this evening, the ship departs for our voyage across the North Sea back to the UK.
+You have two full days at sea to relax and enjoy the Azamara Pursuit’s many excellent facilities. Take a dip in the pool, where Azamara’s famous White Night party is held at least once on every cruise (weather permitting), or enjoy the fresh sea air at the Sunset Veranda, a bright outdoor patio with covered and open-air seating. Don’t forget to pick up some souvenirs at the Pursuit Shop or perhaps have your picture taken by a professional photographer at the photo shop. And why not reward yourself with another relaxing treatment at the Sanctum Spa?
+When the sun sets, reconvene with your newfound friends at one of the ship’s many comfortable lounge areas and reminisce about the many highlights of your wonderful holiday. You could also enjoy thrilling live performances with your favourite tipple at the Cabaret Lounge.
+After a final breakfast on board the Azamara Pursuit, we disembark in Southampton.
+The price of this holiday is per person based on two people sharing a twin room. Single rooms are subject to availability at the relevant supplement. The price includes:
+Your boutique hotel at sea, the Azamara Pursuit is a mid-sized ship with a deck plan that’s intimate but never crowded, boasting everything modern voyagers are looking for – plus some unexpected extras.
+Re-imagined staterooms include modern amenities and furnishings and come with plush cotton robes and slippers, French bath products, fresh flowers, and 24-hour room service. The ship also features a large number of staterooms and suites with balconies, perfect for starting your day with fresh sea air and stunning views.
+Add to all of that world-class dining options, spa experiences to relax and refresh, and all new entertainment offerings, the on-board experience is matched only by the immersive cultural encounters in store for you on shore.
+Treat yourself to health, beauty, and restorative treatments in the new Sanctum Spa; enjoy treatments ranging from an ocean-front massage to a quick manicure, hairstyling services, or even acupuncture. Beyond the spa, there is a selection of complimentary on-board fitness classes, as well as a well-equipped gym for you to work out at your own pace.
+Main dining options vary from elegant a la carte to nightly themed buffets, with the possibility to visit the ship’s speciality restaurants. On-board entertainment takes in signature shows and guest performers, as well as live bands playing each night.
+Across the Azamara fleet, authentic service goes beyond the expectations of even the most well-travelled cruisers. Friendly and approachable, staff are attentive, and happy to offer everything from poolside service to recommendations for your on-shore exploration.
+Fact File
+Visa Information
+UK Citizens do not require a visa to enter Norway however must have a valid passport. For the most up-to-date passport and visa information visit
+We are unable to accept responsibility if you are unable to travel because you have not complied with any passport/entry/immigration requirements.
+Cabin Allocation
+Your cabin number will be allocated by Azamara and will be confirmed on your travel documents. If you have a specific request please call and speak to one of our experts..
+It’s official, Norway is one of the happiest countries in the world, according to the 2019 World Happiness Report. It’s no great surprise, though, when you consider the country’s natural beauty – it’s easy to be happy when you’re surrounded by stunning mountain ranges, waterfalls and fjords. See for yourself, while Cruising Norway’s Fjords on the Azamara Pursuit.
+Susan Lindley
+We were met at Calgary by our very experienced and well informed Guide Annette, and from then on we experienced an amazing adventure. The hotels were excellent and well positioned, The Rocky Mountaineer was a wonderful wildlife/...
+Berenice Fudge
+This must have been our 13th or 14th trip with your company. Once again we had a splendid time. The Swiss Corona was so well appointed and comfortable and the staff could not do enough for us. Everything was perfect. The two R...
+Cast:?
+The cabal had long debated the possibilities of killing Caracalla, the Dark Prince, demigod and son of the Queen. The most visible problem here was that he was guarded by the dreaded Arch-nefandus known only as the Painted Man. Other factors in need of consideration were that the Prince was surrounded by other guards, both mundane and highly magical, and on Cora, a fortress island recently conquered by his forces. Lastly, the Queen of Stars' powers of seeing the future made any move against her or her son a dangerous proposition at best.
+Making matters more complicated was the fact that as soon as Caracalla's forces left Cora, the invasion of Eria would be on, regardless of whether the leader was dead or not. Many of the horrors that would be let loose would need no liege to tear the Corinthian countryside apart, leaving only terror and death in their wakes.
+Setting out to find a way to stop the fall of man, the Pius Cabal set course for the Dark Continent, in hope of mustering a force able to kill Caracalla. The allies they sought to enrol in their mission were the Fire People, a line of mythic humanoids, as much kin to fire as the Wolf Lords are kin to the wolfs. Taking the Pius up, into the highest reaches of the troposphere, the cabal sailed above the unnatural storm that blocked the Straits of Ahriman, and thus managed to reach the camp of the Fire People without harm. Here, instead of finding an army ready to strike, they found one of the few groups still left, after more than 25 years of occupation. Still, Nefreti of the Nera'a received them well, and promised his support.
+While camped overnight in the Crimson Desert, two men brought an artifact before the Masters. These two had recently captured a massive bronze cauldron in a raid upon an enemy caravan. Now they wanted someone with more knowledge in matters arcane to take the thing off their hands, before they and their people was found by the agents of the enemy.
+That same night, van Zaar led Galan, Bansl, and Prince Aegir on a dream-quest. He hoped to reach the Great Library of Dreams, and there to find the True-name of the Painted Man. The journey was hazardous, and not even van Zaar's Letter of Morfeus bore any weight in the tortured nightmares of those ruled by the Court of Stars. After having crossed the deep ocean in a slave-ship, the party reached the library, but did not manage to find the Name. Instead they discovered an old dream, practically giving them the path to the Painted Man's lair.
+The following morning the Queen of Stars struck. As the sun rose above the desert, the heroes sensed a disturbance in reality, and only managed to sound the alarm as the enemy came upon them. Rising out of the sand came Forge-demon after Forge-demon. They tore through the camp, killing the Fire People in droves, and only in front of Nefreti's tent, where the cabal made their stand, were they halted. Van Zaar and Galan attempted to reason with the demon inside the cauldron, but as the battle outside turned in favour of the enemy, they realized that the demon was not of the reasonable sort. To make matters worse, two arch-demons had now joined the assault. The battle was lost.
+In their retreat, the cabal managed to save only a handful of the Fire People. Nefreti, one of the last great Lords of the Nera'a, fell with the last of his warriors.
+Now the heroes decided to anchor in a shade-realm they had found on their first visit to the Dark Continent. Here they licked their wounds and plotted the next move. The dream-map they had found would take them to Gerem Faït, that much was certain, but that great danger awaited them there was also certain. After lengthy deliberation, it was decided that the magicians would all cast powerful spells on Prince Aegir the Exalted, and he would then sneak into the lair of the nefandus, find the child in which his heart was hidden, and kill it. If nothing else, this would lure the Painted Man away from Caracalla's side long enough for the cabal to strike.
+The plan, as it emerged, called for destroying enough of the Dark Prince's forces to make an invasion impossible at this stage, then the Masters would confront him, and reveal two parts of his True-name to him. One of these names were given him by his father, Morfeus, and the other by the Bodhisattva of Time. This, the heroes hoped, would cause Caracalla to turn his anger upon his mother, and if they played it just right, perhaps he would even kill her.
+Several other forces stood ready to aid in the attack, and now the cabal committed to to field. First the Battlefleet Hermetica sailed out of the Erian Gap, hoping to draw the Black Ships out, so that a fleet of two thousand ships from Draccia and the Hannuman Caliphate could attack Cora directly. To lead the assault, the heroes turned to Master Lucius Septimus Arachnidus of the Ordo Hermetica. With him as their general, they took their place at the head of the assault fleet.
+As they came upon the storm, they could scry the Armada of Forlorn Hope leaving Cora to meet them. They also sensed the dreaded Kraken moving towards them, beneath the storm-whipped waves. Now the blasted cauldron became useful, as they rolled it overboard, breaking the bonds upon the demon, the Warlock O'Conner ordered it to kill Kraken. Then the Pius took to the skies. Below a fierce battle erupted beneath the waves, and the two armadas moved towards each other.
+A while ago, Bansl had managed to stop the OUT from detonating an atom-crusher in the Hannuman city of Petra. This bomb was now on board the Pius. The plan had been to ram the ship into the city of Borgen on Cora, thus setting off the OUT bomb. Commander Hawkins, First Mate on the ship, had managed to get the Masters to relent, and he had been given permission to try to save the Pius.
+When the island came into view, the magicians all went below decks, and Hawkins took the helm. The Bansl Apparatus that had been providing propulsion and energy until now was taken out, and as the ship started falling towards ground, the magicians teleported to Cora. The last thing Bansl did before leaving ship was to increase it's speed, so that it hurtled towards it's doom with fires licking it's hull.
+The original plan had called for Bansl, Tito, and Rupertus to be teleported into the central node inside Castel Vigilus. As soon as the chamber was scryed it was discovered that the node was guarded by five guldamoths. It was decided that they should deploy in force instead, and led by Master Septimus, the war-cabal – the Masters of the Pius, as well as twelve Hermetic war-mages, plus Proxima – teleported into the node-chamber. The Hermetics set up a firewall to shield the cabal, while the rest let loose a storm of arcane fire. Within moments, the demons had been scorched out of reality, and the node captured. Adeptus Rupertus now set about rigging the Bansl Apparatus to feed off the node's considerable Mana-flow, firing it up, and removing the safety-valves. In minutes, it would blow, and hopefully destroy the entire castle.
+The Nightmare-demon N'garthl was now let off his leash, and the war-cabal advanced behind the mayhem and confusion left in it's wake. Their goal was Caracalla, and now that they were inside the castle, Galan had no problems scrying out his location.
+The Prince of Ashes was on a patio, surrounded by courtiers and body-guards, watching the spectacle of the Pius, surrounded by fire, hurtling towards the city from the heavens. As they watched, he was informed that the Pius Cabal had taken the node, and were fighting their way up from the cellars. Cursed with indecision by his father, the Lord of Nightmares, swift action never came natural to the demigod, yet now he screamed for someone to kill the magicians. Two of his demons immediately took off, as did a large number of courtiers who obviously felt their skill-set was better utilized elsewhere. The heroes chose this moment to confront their target.
+When the full war-cabal appeared, all hell broke loose. Toadface turned himself to a giant, then he pierced his tongue with the stinger of a bee soaked in the blood of Bolgen, the god of black rage. The company of Blood Legion was unable to mount any significant resistance, and was violently scattered, the other guards fared no better. As the outcome became clear, Caracalla made a run for it. He did not get far before Bansl bore him down. Defeated, captured, surrounded by a cabal of Masters, the Prince wanted only one thing: his mother. Van Zaar saw this narrow window of opportunity, and urged Galan to seize it. They had a way to reach the Queen of Stars.
+When the cabal teleported to Her chambers, the first thing Bansl did was to cut the head of Caracalla, and throw it before the Queen's feet. Toadface, still trapped in Bolgen's rage, managed to stave off the guards, while the rest faced the ten thousand years old, fallen elven queen. Percival was the first to feel her power, as she called him by his name – the same he had foolishly given her over a year ago. As he felt himself drowning in love and desire, he fought back with all he had. It all looked like it would end badly, so Tito again sought to become one with his Lynx-totem. He knew that he needed to be close to death for his soul to become part of the ancient spirit; now he turned his sword around, and fell on it's blade.
+The Queen then turned to van Zaar, the handsomest of the heroes. Unable to resist, the clever old spy turned to his years of experience in womanising. This took the Succubus by surprise, and bought Percival and Bansl enough time to fall upon Her with their knives.
+Here the Pius Chronicles ended.
+Storyteller's note: The moment I think many of us has been dreading came to pass, and I think everyone felt that although we could have wished for more time, the end was one we can live with. I know my feelings are mixed. Regret, relief, denial, you name it. I've even been through a period of rationalisation as well. But it is done.
+A few words on the last chapter. First off, this is actually three sessions, wrapped up in one chapter. I think the two previous sessions were important for us as a group to reach some common ground, and to accept the inevitable. Some of my thoughts on that process has been dealt with here under separate posts. In the last sessions, we more or less discarded the Rulebook, and focussed on spinning an end to the tale. Then we got shit-faced drunk.
+There are quite a few loose ends left, and some I will deal with in due time. Others will be left alone.
+[Picture source: Andy Jones]
+I think it's incredible that you managed to finish off a chronicle when so many just wither on the vine.
+I've said it before, but it bears repeating: you're game reports read much more like fiction than just about any other I've ever seen. Always good stuff.
+@ Christian:
+I think there are a few reasons why this one lasted as long as it did. My GM-OCD is probably one, but without a group of dedicated players, it would have faded away a long time ago.
+@ Trey:
+Thank you, sir. I've been of two minds about these posts at times, but I'm glad I got back to writing them. After all, the rest is just fluff. The game-sessions are what it's all about.
+Not to mention it's good writing exercise.
+About
+About
+Amerika approaches politics as philosophy and not a team sport. We intend to restore Western Civilization through a focus on realism and a drive toward excellence. In our view, human groups succumb to herd behavior when they focus on people (means-over-ends) instead of their purpose (ends-over-means). Western Civilization fell because it relied on a type of collectivized individualism known as Crowdism; the antidote to this can be found in our most ancient traditions, including reverence and aggression. We have no interest in the football game of Red team versus Blue team politics, but turn our minds toward the eternally practical: how to adapt to our world in the best way possible and rise above all that would thwart us.
+Staff
+- Media Relations: James Price
+- Culture: Everitt Foster
+- Lifestyle: Lilou & John
+- Politics: Stephen van Walraven
+- Editor: Brett Stevens
+Submissions: please send all submissions to media@amerika.org. We use the American Renaissance style guide.
+Mission
+We approach politics as a form of philosophy because philosophy analyzes abstract structures in reality and thought and assesses how well they correspond. Humans face the same struggle as any other species, namely to adapt to our environment and maximize our prospects without growing too big and depleting our food supply. Politics in theory aims toward that goal, but in reality has become a football game of Red versus Blue teams where there is no objective except to “win.”
+This occurs because it happens to all human groups unless they actively push back against it. Over time, human groups become inverted when the people involved start focusing on their own careers, interests, or advantage instead of the goal of the group. This is an example of herd behavior, and it deconstructs everything we attempt to do. This is why human groups, including civilizations, keep self-destructing, blowing up like test rockets on the launch pad.
+Very few people see our future as a shared resource. A tragedy of the commons happens when individuals, acting in self-interest, exploit a resource until there is nothing left. The inversion of human groups fits the profile of a tragedy of the commons if we accept that the group and its prospects can be a commons because we depend on it for our future. If we do not have leadership which limits exploitation of this resource, it becomes depleted and we suffer.
+For us to keep an eye on the goal, we have to discuss the balance between ends (also known as goals, purpose, and principles) and means (also called methods and procedures). Politics has become both an end and a means because people depend on it for their salaries. People “do politics” for personal gain, and its original goal has been forgotten.
+In order to invert this inversion, our first task is to restore our focus on goals, which requires us to understand how to assess which are the best realistic goals to have.
+The Unknown Right
+Conservatives have no idea who they are. Since the mid-1700s, the West has been steadily moving Leftward in response to the fragmentation of authority produced by religious conflict, Mongol/Muslim wars, and increasing wealth. The Right, as named in the years after the French Revolution, consists of those who accept the Leftward direction without liking it, and hope to endure it through the personal freedom to avoid being compelled to follow the rest of the herd.
+As we see several hundred years later, however, it is impossible to avoid being ruled by the herd, and the herd inevitably tends toward something like Communism. Western Europe and America, despite elaborate constitutions and systems of law to avoid this, have now become Leftist super-states of a “soft totalitarian” nature where control is enforced through ostracism of those who fail to be Leftist in their public viewpoints.
+Our people have PTSD. Not only are they living in a civilization with obvious signs of collapse — insanity, corruption, vandalism, criminality, division — but they have zero faith in any aspect of our society being good. They have settled instead for a principled retreat where they flee the cities to suburban homes, work hard at their jobs, and try to escape notice by the Left. Our people have lost hope that things will ever change or become better.
+In so doing, they have forgotten conservatism, which is not a political viewpoint so much as the philosophy that we should conserve what is best in life. This means that we remember what works, and choose from those the things that produce the best results. This is a qualitative viewpoint, meaning that we assess by quality of results, instead of quantitative, where we look for new options constantly in the hope that one of them will magically change life to be as the Left thinks it “should” be.
+For most of history, our people have been conservative because conservatism is common sense. We settle on a goal, and apply ends-over-means analysis, which means that we choose whatever methods achieve that goal regardless of our perceptions of those methods; then, we discover how life is good, and applying that transcendental logic, choose the functional methods that produce the most excellence, beauty, goodness, realism, and health.
+That approach scares many people because it means an end to the ideals advanced in The Renaissance™ and The Enlightenment,™ namely that the individual is the measure of all things. In conservatism, reality and excellence are higher goals than the individual, and the individual is a means to the end of achieving these. That disturbs Leftists, so they counter with a means-over-ends approach.
+Staring Down Entropy
+Many on the Right recognize the Left as our competition, but do not see the Left for what it is: entropy. The Left attempts to validate the inversion of human groups through egalitarianism, or the idea that all people should be equal. Egalitarianism start as meritocracy, but inevitably progresses to a demand that all people be of equal status, wealth, and power because otherwise egalitarianism inverts itself. To stay consistent, it must grow more extreme over time.
+This is not a philosophy; it is a pathology, or a compensatory behavior that makes the individual feel better in the moment without fixing the long-term issue that causes them to feel bad in the first place. In this way, it joins drug addiction, over-eating, self-harm, and other pathologies in the list of human immaturities. People who need Leftism are those who inwardly feel like losers and want to tear down those above them, a behavior we also see in our simian relatives.
+No one else needs equality or meritocracy but those who feel they are permanently of lower ability. Those who can do something find a way to do it and recognize inequality as one of the infinite forms of adversity that we face. Those who cannot do that thing demand subsidies of some kind, knowing that meritocracy reduces the task from a question of accomplishment to one of working within a human system, such as taking tests at school, which is easier than facing the complexity of the world.
+This pathology begins with fear. People fear the world, and since fear is stronger than any other emotional response, become addicted to that feeling of intensity. This then orients them toward the negative, or looking at risks, and in response they react with a preemptive defensive posture against anything that could cause a loss of individual status, power, or wealth. This makes the individualists, or those who want “me first” before any order, logic, natural condition, or values system.
+Individualists engage in a simple type of game theory. They know that selfishness is not popular, so they disguise it as altruism by offering the group anarchy, or everyone doing whatever they want without losing social status, no matter how unproductive or destructive their behavior is. This creates a group around them of collectivized individualists, called a crowd, which then defends their interests without meaning to.
+Crowds operate by the same principle as gangs, mafias, unions, or cults. They threaten to act collectively if their demands are not met. This increases their power while transfering wealth from the group around them to the gang. Over time, they become large enough to take over, at which point they become unstable because their purpose is defined in opposition to the majority, and without that majority, they have no way of initiating activity. They destroy their host like a cancer.
+Any institution, group, or idea can be subverted by a crowd. They invert it by altering its focus on ends-over-means to means-over-ends, specifically the people involved. All humanist, utilitarian, egalitarian, and pluralist views are of this nature. Crowdism is most clearly expressed in Leftism, which always manifests in bureaucracy because any society tending toward egalitarianism has abolished social order and requires a managerial-administrative state to keep people motivated.
+These crowds appear through social interaction. In social groups, everyone must be included for the group to feel good, so ends are deprecated in favor of means. That method — including everyone — then substitutes for both means and ends. This allows the gang to form and engage in the pretense of being better than others, so when people reject its ideas, its members can act as if they were attacked, and retaliate without seeming to be initiating an attack. After all, they were “correct” and the others are “ignorant.”
+Crowd-run societies, following the model of the French and Bolshevik Revolutions, have a cycle of their own known as “The Napoleonic Arc.” They take over, persecute or destroy dissidents, then their economies collapse, and to compensate, they become militaristic and totalitarian in order to keep people motivated enough so that the civilization keeps operating. After that, they embark on agendas of world conquest to spread the “good news” of Leftism, resulting in mass carnage.
+What is Rightism?
+Understanding Leftist pathology leads us back to wonder what we, as conservatives, should do. The answer to this question lies in understanding that the Leftist pathology is a universal temptation for human beings like most bad human behaviors, and that accepting any amount of it means that more will come. Different types of Leftists do not have different philosophies, but disagree only in terms of degree based on how confident they are, such that a moderate Democrat when given power over time becomes a full-blown Communist.
+We call for an “ultra Right” whose founding principle is the idea of zero tolerance for Leftism and its associated ideas (feminism, egalitarianism, pluralism, diversity) as well as its root (individualism). We do this by asserting ends-over-means thinking where there must always be a purpose and principles to our existence, and we achieve those however we have to, which devalues our individualistic sentiments to the non sequitur they are.
+For the Left, the goal is the individual and that individual having power over all else; for the Right, our goal is to create orders larger than the individual, such as civilization, heritage, culture, learning, customs, faith, values, genetic health, and spirit. Our quest to delve into the Right begins when we stop thinking about what we want and start thinking about what is required to achieve those things.
+As part of our Ultra Right, we call for several general directions to be applied:
+- Elitism. Some people are better than others in terms of “force of intellect” and “force of (moral) character.” These aristocrats of the soul need to be our leaders and entrusted with all of the money, power, and social prestige/status, so that they can guide us with their greater ability. Please note that for them, this is a life sentence to duty; conservatism does not think in terms of “Rights,” but paired duties and privileges.
+- Hierarchy. Correspondingly, the rest of us fit into a hierarchy or pyramidal order where there are a few excellent ones on top and a great number of undistinguished ones at the bottom. This is a fact of life, and all attempts to change it have failed, so we accept it whether we like it or not. A caste system, where each person is one of three groups — leaders, independent workers, and workers — allows the best to influence the rest, producing more people of genius by encouraging society in that direction through opportunity to rise.
+- Reward. Following our ends-over-means analysis, we believe in rewarding people for productivity, instead of subsidizing them or giving them wealth, power, or status before they contribute; reward occurs solely after contribution. This means zero socialism, welfare state, government benefits, and relativism; in its place, we offer fairness that takes into account the past contributions and situation of the individual, and the possibility of charity for those facing temporary hard times.
+- Spirit. The future belongs to those who love life and, by realizing that life is good with the possibility of excellence, realize that its methods are in fact good even when they are bad. Good created evil so that the two might tussle, and that constant conflict produces increasing quality, if we allow it to work for us. By striving for transcendentals — the good, the beautiful, and the true — we work with the order of nature.
+In 2012, Leftism experienced a “Berlin 1945 moment” when world faith in it declined. Simply, it promised to end some problems and not only failed, but made those problems worse while introducing others. People had gone along with the Leftist idea for most of its arc but once it achieved power as it did in 2008, it became clear that it had no plan except further decay, and so people lost faith in Leftism and its political arm, liberal democracy, which Francis Fukuyama defines as democracy with a focus on civil rights.
+Our current society resembles a hybrid of consumerism and Communism, with a strong ruthless economy mated to a nanny state government that provides jobs and benefits to most citizens. This unstable form of living has run all of our countries into extreme bankruptcy and changed the psychology of our citizens to make them dependent on the state and highly selfish in their outlook toward life. This in turn has made people atomized, or isolated through an inability to form connection to others and a sense of purpose.
+To fix Western Civilization, we need to start with its core and origin: Western European people and their descendants. Diversity causes internal conflict as each group competes to have its standards, values, and aesthetics dominate those of other groups; it does not matter which groups are involved, because with any form of diversity — cultural, racial, religious, ethnic — the effect of internal division is the same. Diversity destroys social trust, culture, and values systems.
+For that reason, we must end diversity along with other failed Leftist policies. Our goal cannot be solely to remove their policies, but remove them and replace them with functional institutions of civilization that are informal and therefore less prone to centralized collapse, which happens when people learn to “play the game” and through the resulting careerism, invert the organization.
+Our Goals
+Amerika seeks to inform conservatives about what they believe and what that realization leads them to do, recognizing that almost all conservatives navigate by gut instinct about a few basic principles. Since they do not articulate what they believe, and ideology carefully does in a way that is easily understood by many, conservatives find themselves at a disadvantage in all debates with Leftists.
+Our goal as a news and opinion site is to further accelerate the “cultural wave” theorized by European New Right thinkers and implemented by the American Alt Right. We want to change attitudes by changing philosophies toward what we value, how we choose to act, and why we see some things as better than others. Translating these highly abstract considerations into everyday examples and providing positive incentives constitute a large part of our set of goals.
+We seek, above all else, to restore Western Civilization because we are not in denial and notice that it has collapsed. This presents a strong dividing line: most people are still in denial and hoping to patch up the current system at least until the hour of their deaths, but many of us realize that there is far greater opportunity in restoring civilization and making it sane, balanced, and powerful again.
+Toward this end, we describe healthy ways of living in addition to more realistic and transcendental ways of thinking. We offer insights on culture, literature, lifestyles, science, and daily issues in addition to politics and philosophy so that people can think their way out of this failing time and seek a better, more fruitful future. Thank you for reading and we hope you will stay with us on this challenging and exciting journey.
+History
+Amerika continues the work of previous sites like the American Nihilist Underground (1988-2010) and CORRUPT (2008-2012) in addition to numerous BBS and USENET postings from 1988-1998. All of these have focused on radical realism mated with a transcendental, naturalistic vision.
+Many of the writings on this site date back to the 1990s, with improved editing, re-writing, images, and formatting. The ideas on many of these originate in the two decades prior to that, when the original concept of nihilism — a type of extreme realism that rejected human notions in favor of more accurate understanding of patterns in nature, following the ideal of the Platonic forms or Germanic idealism — was invented and developed by our Editor.
+To learn more, check out our most popular posts:
+- The Self-Inventing Totalitarian State (May 8th, 2016)
+- Surviving Multiculturalism (January 11, 2005)
+- How Individualism Defeats Conservatism (January 26, 2017)
+- Woke (December 25, 2016)
+- Conservationism Versus Environmentalism (May 7, 2010)
+- Crowdism (August 31, 2005)
+- Ethnomasochism (January 25, 2016)
+- The Increasing Mediocrity Of Everything (July 13, 2016)
+- The Alt Right Is Tired Of Living In Mordor (August 29, 2016)
+- We Live On A Planet Of Liars (December 27, 2016)
+- Destroy White Nationalism (May 26, 2011)
+- Conservatism Does Not Include “Freedom” And “Equality” (April 7, 2017)
+- Cuckservative (July 29, 2015)
+- The Biological Basis of Race (March 30, 2009)
+- Social Morality Versus Realist Morality, Or, Why Horror Movies Work (September 4, 2016)
+- Introduction To The Black Pill (September 11, 2016)
+- Nihilism Is The Basis of Conservatism (June 1, 2015)
+- The Nationalism FAQ (January 20, 2014)
+- Beyond the Absolute (May 18, 2005)
+- Core Philosophy Of Brett Stevens (October 30, 2014)
+- A Parallelism Primer and Love and Nihilism (March 6, 2019)
+5 Ways to Increase B2B Sales without Breaking a Sweat
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+Mark 8:27–16:20
+James W. Voelz and Christopher W. Mitchell
+Concordia Commentary. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2019. Pages 589–1320 + xliii. Hardcover. $59.99.
+Reviewed by John G. Nordling on 07/17/2020
+In response to a request to write a review—“with a special focus on the Greek”—on the second volume of Voelz’s commentary on Mark,[1] I read the introduction of the first volume with its exhaustive emphasis on grammar and linguistic features. Voelz helps pastors appreciate such aspects of Marcan Greek as, for example, the so-called “Historical Present,” Asyndeton, Patterning, and Scene Setting.[2] Then there are Major and Minor Characters in the story, Plot Characteristics, and much thinking about the End of Mark’s Gospel.[3] The features reflect a lifetime of engagement with the Second Gospel, and much collaboration with seasoned Mark scholars. It is worth pointing out in this connection that Voelz often heads up the Mark group at annual meetings of the Society of Biblical Literature (hereinafter SBL), where he is a frequent and enthusiastic contributor. On the other hand, one wishes Voelz would forego discussion on grammatical “focus,” which has all the markings of an esoteric debate at SBL.[4] The Concordia Commentary Series, by contrast, is supposed to assist “pastors, missionaries, and teachers of the Scriptures to convey God’s Word with greater clarity, understanding, and faithfulness to the divine intent of the text”;[5] one sometimes feels that Voelz’s preoccupation with syntax and grammar gets the upper hand. Actually, however, Voelz’s preoccupation with grammar represents a great boon: both volumes burst with theological insight culled from unpacking resonances from deep within the text of Mark’s Gospel. Though never having had the pleasure of being enrolled in a class with him, I feel Voelz has been my teacher also as I have used his Fundamental Greek Grammar twice per year to teach incoming Greek students at the seminary since 2006.[6]
+I have chosen to examine Voelz’s exegetical treatment of Mark 16:1–8, which features what Voelz and many others believe is the climax of the Gospel: “they were afraid, you know [ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ]” (Mark 16:8, Voelz’s translation). The strangeness of that rendering is tempered somewhat by Voelz’s sense that the Gospel could have been intended from the very beginning to end this way,[7] that there are several biblical and extrabiblical examples that feature “suspended endings,”[8] that ἐφοβοῦντο γάρ is the celebrated conclusion of Mark’s Gospel in Sinaiticus (א) and Vaticanus (B),[9] and that several church fathers—Eusebius, Jerome, Hesychius, Victor of Antioch—assert that the long ending (Mark 16:9–20) was absent from the manuscripts known to them.[10] But what is the significance of the imperfect tense in ἐφοβοῦντο? Voelz’s solution that the voice should rise in oral presentation to “you know” seems insufficient, as well as his (largely undeveloped) suggestion that those hearing/reading the Gospel for the first time may have been facing persecution.[11] This seems likely, but which persecution might it have been? And which textual clues encourage the possibility that such persecution happened within a Roman context? Here Voelz’s commentary falls strangely silent—and frustratingly so for those of us interested in such matters. But even more significantly: does Voelz’s treatment help parish pastors charged to preach our Lord’s resurrection on Easter morning in series B? It kind of does, to be sure. Out of fairness to Voelz, it appears that other commentators also have had trouble processing the jarring abruptness of Mark 16:8.[12]
+It plainly is not the case that Mark 16:1–8 lacks a clear witness to Jesus’ resurrection, for there is the young man’s statement in verse 6, “He has risen [ἠγέρθη]. He is not here.”[13] In Voelz’s quirky way of rendering the Greek into English, italicization is supposed to indicate “a non-literalistic rendering of the underlying Greek to reflect the nuances of Greek verb forms or syntax.”[14] But what does this actually mean here, and what is the difference, really, from underlined portions of the translation, which likewise indicate “a non-literalistic rendering of the underlying Greek”?[15] The significance Voelz has painstakingly attached to italicization and underlining apparently blurs together in practice (see the two preceding footnotes), so that it is difficult to know just what (extremely subtle) shades of meaning may be intended here. Likewise, what is the significance of the MT Imprint Shadow font, which I do not see represented in the master list on page 27 of the first volume? Such inconsistencies cause me to wonder if I have overlooked something (which is admittedly possible)—or if, indeed, Voelz’s entire system of using bold, italics, underlines, CAPITALIZATION, and so on is hopelessly overblown. It seems a cruel question, but nevertheless one that should be asked: how much will such sophistication help busy pastors in the field to preach Jesus’ resurrection in Mark’s Gospel? Sometimes a more simplified translation—well backed up by grammatical exegesis, to be sure—is more helpful in the end, and this the already existing commentaries provide.
+Returning to that ἠγέρθη of the young man’s Easter proclamation, Voelz argues that the verb has to mean “he has risen,” but not “he has been raised.”[16] This instance of a passive intransitive approaches ἀναστῆναι in meaning (BDAG 7, s.v. ἐγείρω) and corresponds to Jesus’ own linguistic usage in Mark’s Gospel: “after I am raised up [μετὰ τὸ ἐγερθῆναί με]” (14:28 ESV).[17] Voelz wants to emphasize Jesus’ rising “on his own steam,” as it were, and that our Lord “was not raised by someone else or by some other power”[18]—a valid concern.[19] On the other hand, the Scriptures also teach that the efficient cause (causa efficiens) of the resurrection[20] was God the Father’s raising the Son from the dead—for example, “and you killed the Author of life, whom God raised from the dead [ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν]” (Acts 3:15 ESV).[21] According to Pieper, both series of statements “must be accepted side by side, as they read”[22]—in other words, they should not be played off against one another.[23] Apparently, then, the reason why Voelz emphasizes Jesus’ rising “on his own steam” is to make the crucial point that our Lord Jesus Christ is, himself, “the very God of Israel . . . who has authority over death, . . . including, as we see here, his own.”[24] Still, it is hard to avoid the impression that Voelz has overlooked much of the extra-Marcan resurrection evidence (see the citations listed in footnote 21 above) where God the Father raised Jesus from the dead—using that significant verb ἐγείρω in the active voice (rather than the passive intransitive). The point should be that ἐγείρω and ἀνίστημι are the two principle verbs driving the doctrine of the resurrection of Jesus in the apostolic kerygma—and both are well-represented in Mark’s Gospel in suggestive contexts[25] even prior to 16:8 where Voelz believes the Gospel ends.
+Regarding the last point, there has been a spate of caustic articles in a certain unofficial periodical excoriating Voelz and Mitchell’s Mark 8:27–16:20[26]—most of which safely can be sidestepped here.[27] I was all set to abide by Voelz’s rejection of the Longer Ending (hereinafter LE, referring to Mark 16:9–20) until happening upon an article by a formidable scholar of a different faith tradition who makes several compelling points in favor of keeping the LE—such as, for example, that there were witnesses prior to Eusebius (ca. AD 260–340)[28] who apparently had no problems with the LE:
+If we had only the evidence from this period [the so-called Emergence Period, from the Writing of Mark to ca. AD 300] we would hardly have any inkling of controversy over the text of Mark, but would assume the Traditional Ending as the undisputed conclusion of the second Gospel.[29]
+In his Excursus 19 (“A Consideration of the ‘Long Ending’ of Mark: 16:9–20”), Voelz grapples most extensively with Burgon’s The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to S. Mark, written in 1871;[30] still, some much more recent champions of the LE exist that Voelz does not consider at all[31] nor significantly[32]—simply because their contributions depend upon the work and argumentation of Burgon. Certainly, Voelz cannot be expected to tilt at every windmill. Still, let us consider briefly Voelz’s principle reasons for rejecting Burgon’s acceptance of the LE. First, to reject Vaticanus (B) (and its chief ally Sinaiticus [א]) is to reject the understanding of the Greek profile of Mark that Voelz carefully lays out in the introductory pages of volume I[33]—an argument from grammar, surely, but one that begs the question and is difficult to substantiate at every point. Second, there is the literary factor: Burgon and those committed to the LE treat the Second Gospel as a “simple historical record” of the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus,[34] but Voelz argues that Mark is so much more. It is a “dramatic presentation of the person and work of Jesus and, especially, of the surety of the promises of his Word.”[35] Yes, the LE does add additional information, to be sure: “But Mark is not interested in ‘additional information.’ With his Gospel narrative he is interested in impact and appeal.”[36] It bears emphasizing, moreover, that Mark’s Gospel does not hide the resurrection (as part of a “secrecy motif”), as is popularly assumed, but calls attention to it on three separate occasions, and from the very mouth of Jesus himself.[37] Voelz pays particular attention to this often overlooked material in Excursus 12: “The Three Passion and Resurrection Predictions in the Gospel of Mark.”[38]
+If the LE was not written by the evangelist who wrote canonical Mark (i.e., Mark 1:1–16:8), then by whom could the LE have been written? On this crucial point, neither Voelz nor Mitchell are forthcoming so far as I can tell—and it would have been helpful for Voelz at least to have “weighed in” on this matter. Mitchell recognizes that throughout most of church history the majority of Christians have considered the Gospel of Mark to conclude with the twelve verses comprising 16:9–20.[39] The clarity and concision of the statement on Baptism (translated: “The one who has believed and has been baptized will be saved, but the one who has disbelieved will be damned” [Mark 16:16]) has led to its frequent citation in the Lutheran Confessions and especially Luther’s Small Catechism.
+[1] Email from CTQ Editor, June 12, 2020.
+[2] James W. Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26 (St. Louis: Concordia, 2013), 15–22.
+[3] Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 40–61.
+[4] For example, “According to this analysis, the use of the aorist stem allows the writer or speaker to focus—from his own standpoint—upon a given activity (including what someone did, does, is to do, etc.). The present stem, by contrast, allows that same author to focus upon (a perceived) relationship or connection between the activity and the doer, and to depict it as part of that doer, or to depict that doer as intimately involved with or concerned with the action” (Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 29; original emphases).
+[5] “Editor’s Preface,” in Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, xi. The statement is almost exactly the same in the “Editor’s Preface” in James W. Voelz and Christopher W. Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20 (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2019), xiii.
+[6] See John G. Nordling, “Using Fundamental Greek Grammar to Teach Greek at the Seminary,” Concordia Theological Quarterly 83, nos. 3–4 (2019): 351–354. The grammar in question is Voelz’s Fundamental Greek Grammar, Fourth revised edition (St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 2019).
+[7] “[T]he answer of the Second Gospel is this: ‘It was ever thus. If you had been there, it would not have been any easier than it is today. The evidence would have been ambiguous, even with your Lord. What you have is what the disciples and the women had, also on that Easter morning: you have the promise of his Word, a Word that is ever sure’” (Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 61).
+[8] Namely, Euripides’s Iphigenia at Aulis; Virgil’s Aeneid; Genesis 50:26; Matthew 28:19–20; Acts 28:30–31; and Jonah 4:10–11. Discussed in Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 57–59.
+[9] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1201, 1230–1231.
+[10] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1227.
+[11] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1210.
+[12] I checked William L. Lane, The Gospel of Mark (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1974), 591–592; Henry Barclay Swete, Commentary on Mark (Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1977), 399; David E. Garland, Mark (Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1996), 625 –630.
+[13] As translated by Voelz in Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1195.
+[14] See the nuances indicated by various font styles discussed in Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 27.
+[15] Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 27.
+[16] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1200.
+[17] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1200.
+[18] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1208.
+[19] This understanding is congruent with the three passion and resurrection predictions, each of which uses an intransitive form of ἀνίστημι—namely, “the Son of Man must suffer many things . . . , and after three days rise again [καὶ μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστῆναι]” (8:31 ESV); “the Son of Man is going to be delivered into the hands of men . . . , after three days he will rise [μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται]” (9:31 ESV); “and they will mock him and spit on him . . . , and after three days he will rise [καὶ μετὰ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀναστήσεται]” (10:34 ESV). See Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1200.
+[20] See Francis Pieper, Christian Dogmatics, vol. II (St. Louis: Concordia, 1951), 320.
+[21] Recognizably similar forms of this logion (using ἐγείρω) occur also in Acts 4:10; 5:30; 10:40; 13:30; Romans 4:24; 8:11; 10:9; 1 Corinthians 6:14; 15:15; 2 Corinthians 4:14; Galatians 1:1; Ephesians 1:20; Colossians 2:12; 1 Thessalonians 1:10; and 1 Peter 1:21.
+[22] Pieper, Christian Dogmatics II, 321.
+[23] To support the notion that “Christ raised himself” (Pieper, Christian Dogmatics II, 321), Pieper cites John 2:19, 21 (“Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up”) and John 10:17–18.
+[24] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1208–1209.
+[25] Ἐγείρω: Mark 1:31; 5:41; 6:14, 16; 9:27; 12:26; 14:28; 16:6, [14]; ἀνίστημι: Mark 8:31; 9:9, 10, 31; 10:34; [16:9]. The two bracketed passages ([]) pertain to evidence contained in the so-called Longer Ending of Mark (Mark 16:9–20), about which see immediately below.
+[26] Namely, Jack Cascione, “LCMS Declares God Did Not Write Mark 16:9–20,” Christian News [hereinafter CN] 57, no. 46 (December 9, 2019): 20–22; Jack Cascione, “Proof LCMS Is Wrong in Rejecting Mark 16:9–20,” CN 57, no. 47 (December 16, 2019): 5–10; Editor, “A Snapshot of the State of Biblical Interpretation at the LCMS Seminaries: Initial Impressions of Concordia Commentary Mark 8:27–16:20 by Voelz and Mitchell,” CN 58, no. 2 (January 13, 2020): 1–3; Editor, “What Is the Word of God? Has the LCMS Taken a New Position on the Books of the Bible?” CN 58, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 1–2.
+[27] For noticeably more balanced perspectives on the issue, see Phillip Bruce Giessler, “Seeking Common Ground on the Mark 16:9–20 Discussion,” CN 58, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 14–16; and John Upton, “Where Does the Gospel of Mark End?” CN 58, no. 4 (January 27, 2020): 5–7. Voelz defends himself against Cascione’s first blast in “Voelz First Reply to ‘LCMS Declares God Did Not Write Mark 16:9–20’” (CN 57, no. 48 [December 23, 2019]: 5), followed by a Cascione rebuttal in CN 57, no. 48 (December 23, 2019): 6–7. A much briefer response by Voelz to Cascione’s second blast appears in CN 57, no. 48 (December 23, 2019): 7, followed by another rebuttal by Cascione on the same page.
+[28] Namely, Justin Martyr (ca. 150), Tatian (ca. 160), Irenaeus (ca. 180), Celsus (ca. 180), Hippolytus (ca. 200), and Porphyry (ca. 270). See the table in Jeffrey T. Riddle, “The Ending of Mark as a Canonical Crisis,” Puritan Reformed Journal 10, no. 1 (2018): 38.
+[29] Riddle, “The Ending of Mark as a Canonical Crisis,” 39.
+[30] John W. Burgon, The Last Twelve Verses of the Gospel according to S. Mark: Vindicated against Recent Critical Objectors and Established (Oxford: James Parker, 1871). In Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1226–1234.
+[31] In addition to Riddle, “The Ending of Mark as a Canonical Crisis,” passim, there is especially Nicholas P. Lunn, The Original Ending of Mark: A New Case for the Authenticity of Mark 16:9–20 (Eugene: Pickwick Publications, 2014).
+[32] For example, William R. Farmer, The Last Twelve Verses of Mark (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005); and James E. Snapp, “The Authenticity of Mark 16:9–20,” available online at curtisvillechristianchurch.org/MarkOne.htm. Accessed July 12, 2020. See Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1226 n. 23.
+[33] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1231 n. 61.
+[34] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1234.
+[35] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1234. Also, see “The Message of the Gospel of Mark” in Voelz, Mark 1:1–8:26, 61.
+[36] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1234. Original emphasis.
+[37] See the passages cited in footnote 19 above.
+[38] In Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 768–773.
+[39] Voelz and Mitchell, Mark 8:27–16:20, 1241.
+After its 'undeniably beautiful' (The Financial Times) Linn debut and its ‘excellently performed' (Fanfare) follow up, Cappella Nova releases a third volume of choral works by the leading contemporary composer, James MacMillan.
+The SACD layer is 5.1 multichannel or 2-channel stereo. The Studio Master downloads are 192kHz / 24-bit.
+Choral & Song Choice: '...a mixture of anguish and ecstasy, the sub-divided writing is nailed with pinpoint accuracy...a marvellous set of performances.'
+Performance / Recording
+BBC Music Magazine
+‘They bring control and precision
+to the ecstatic, incantatory nature of MacMillan's work...' The Observer
+'Timeless...Beautiful...it's a lovely recording as well...' BBC Radio 3 'CD Review'
+'The composer's intricate ensemble writing is beautifully performed by the superb chorus.' Classical CD Review
+'They bring control and precision to the ecstatic, incantatory nature of MacMillan's work...' The Guardian
+Album of the Week: 'His Missa Dunelmi is beautifully and atmospherically recorded here... MacMillan is a champion virtuoso of church space.' Sinfini
+Of the eight works performed here, six receive their premiere recording (only Missa Dunelmi and Invocation have been previously recorded). Cappella Nova has enjoyed a twenty five year association with MacMillan; many premiere performances later the choir has established an intuitive response to his work and a passion for his creativity which is evident on ‘Alpha & Omega'.
+This recording is made particularly special because Missa Dunelmi is conducted here by the composer; founding director Alan Tavener lends his enthusiasm and expertise for the remaining works. James MacMillan provides illuminating and fascinating insights into his work in a conversation with Rebecca Tavener included in the booklet note.
+They are joined on ‘Alpha & Omega' by violinist Madeleine Mitchell described by The Times as ‘one of Britain's liveliest musical forces and foremost violinists'. Cappella Nova's previous recordings, ‘Tenebrae' and ‘Who are these Angels?' were both named in Gramophone as ‘Editor's Choice' albums; the latter also received several five star reviews.
+An Interview With The Composer
+This is the third in a series of interviews designed to accompany recordings of sacred choral works by James MacMillan released by Linn, following on from Tenebrae (CKD 301) and Who are these Angels? (CKD 383). Rebecca Tavener, soprano and co-founder of Cappella Nova, began by asking the composer about the background to the Missa Dunelmi.
+Rebecca Tavener: What does Durham mean to you? I know that it is your postgraduate alma mater?
+James MacMillan: When I was finishing my first degree in Edinburgh in 1981 I began thinking about where to go next to study: I wondered about Jonathan Harvey and applied to Sussex, and then I heard about John Casken who was in his early 30s - he seemed to be pursuing a language which, at the time through the 70s and 80s, one might describe as a ‘soft, English modernism', that you can detect in Oliver Knussen to George Benjamin, something I was very keen on. I had been to Darmstadt and found it problematic. There was an ideological restrictiveness that worried me. Wolfgang Rihm's music was played and booed every time - one of the major German composers! - and I think that's still going on. I'm just back from Stuttgart and I can detect that there's still something in the background there about 'detractions from modernism', as they would see it. Now, when I go abroad and work with foreign orchestras, I take a lot of English music with me - Benjamin Britten and so on - and I'm very proud of that. I didn't realise it at the time but it's part of a heritage of open-mindedness and openness to the past and a nonideological stance regarding what the past can/should mean. John Casken, I think,is still part of that and he was a very humane teacher so Durham was, in that sense, a very good place for me.
+Rebecca Tavener: Durham Cathedral is not only the venerable seat of medieval prince-bishops but is also a sacred space that is very friendly to contemporary sacred art. How did this commission come about?
+James MacMillan: When I was there as a student I wasn't writing a lot of choral music and my connection with the Cathedral was minimal, although it was right next to the music department and I was in there almost daily, often having coffee in the crypt. It was only subsequently, after I'd written a substantial body of choral music, that the Cathedral got in touch - the choir had been doing some of my music intermittently - it seemed such a lovely idea to complete the circle as I'd been there as a student and to write for the Cathedral Choir was a great opportunity. I have lovely memories of hearing a lot of music in there.
+Rebecca Tavener: Are you deliberately building a musical language to express aspects of doctrine? The Missa Dunelmi is fruitful ground: the re-use of the melody from your baptismal motet Think of how God Loves You appears in part and then in full in the 'Gloria'; references to two of the Strathclyde Motets, 'Qui meditabitur' and 'Data est mihi' appear, and the Mass of Blessed John Henry Newman is referenced in the 'Sanctus'. The 'dabit fructum suum' chords in the motet 'Qui meditabitur' re-emerge in Cum vidisset and there's an echo of the Christmas motet And lo, the Angel of the Lord in Alpha & Omega. Those who know your works will be aware of micro-motifs, almost types of sacred leitmotif, that regularly occur in your vocal writing - what significance do they have?
+James MacMillan: Some of these self-references are completely subliminal: the one really significant one, which you call Think of how God Loves You has an antecedent in Visitatio Sepulchri where it first appeared at the climax of that work. The conscious self-quotations usually have a theological reason: Visitatio Sepulchri is a celebration of Easter and the risen Christ and when using it for the baptismal motet for my granddaughter, Sara, I wanted to have something of that resurrection aspect to go with her difficult life - so there's a kind of resurrective theme running through that, too, and it's there in the ‘Gloria', that great hymn of celebration at the centre of the Mass.
+Rebecca Tavener: The Dean of Durham Cathedral preached a very insightful sermon at the Eucharist when the Missa Dunelmi was premiered and I quote:
+Rebecca Tavener: Had you ever conducted the Missa Dunelmi yourself before our recording? How was the experience of directing it in the sessions?
+James MacMillan: No, that was the first time and it was a wonderful experience. Sometimes I do have an idea of how difficult my music is, although sometimes not until it is performed. Different kinds of choir sing it, from top professionals to amateurs, and it sounded very much at ease sung by Cappella Nova. I keep coming back to the setting of the Mass: I'm not going to write more congregational settings but I hope to write another Latin setting in years to come, possibly with brass and so on - a festive setting. I have been writing individual Mass sections lately such as the 'Credo' for the 2012 Proms and the ‘Gloria', and I'll probably complete that in a 'mini Mass' I'm writing for the Royal Scottish National Orchestra Junior Chorus and Orchestra, so I'll write a little 'Kyrie', 'Sanctus/Benedictus' and 'Agnus Dei' and that may all add up to a mega festive Mass.
+Rebecca Tavener: Your B minor Mass?
+James MacMillan: That kind of thing!
+Rebecca Tavener: There are four Marian works which I've placed in order of her Biblical and ecclesiastical chronology, beginning with the St Patrick's Magnificat. How did that work come about?
+James MacMillan: It was for the re-opening of St Patrick's, a beautiful church in the centre of London, where the priest is known to me: a holy man, Alexander Sherbrooke, who studied in Edinburgh. This church is a kind of beacon reaching out to the poor and disadvantaged, and people come to St Patrick's who are not necessarily 'churched', as it were. They've got a lovely music programme going with professional singers and the liturgy is very good. They've sung this piece in a variety of contexts, not just for the re-opening but also at Vespers and during the celebration of Mass when Cardinal Pell visited from Australia. I have written an Anglican version which has been used quite a lot in the big cathedrals, and I wanted to write a Latin setting - I like to take different perspectives/angles on the same text, with varied languages and translations. I wanted there to be a sense of unity about it, so there are little phrases which bind it together and there's a simplicity in that cohesion which I was attracted by and it kind of took care of itself.
+Rebecca Tavener: There are two things that stood out for me: your characteristic Celtic ornamentation is one but there are also references to late medieval decorated polyphony reminiscent of Robert Carver.
+James MacMillan: Yes, exactly, that's been creeping in to quite a bit of my music recently, since I wrote the Christmas piece And Lo, the Angel of the Lord that you've recorded which I wrote for Ex Cathedra; they were doing quite a bit of multi-layered Renaissance music which influenced me and that's something I've gone back to quite a bit now. I've just written something for the Oregon Bach Festival and I've felt a desire to re-embrace that sound - this idea of tumbling polyphony coming at you over and over again, relentlessly, washing over you and just washing you out - Robert Carver does this and it's so compelling and beautiful. I'm always looking at the past to gather up little threads that might work for me and I love writing polyphony, not just for voices but orchestrally, too; being lost and swamped in polyphony is one of the greatest joys of being alive.
+Rebecca Tavener: The concept of multi-layering brings us very neatly to ...fiat mihi... which is actually an extract from movement seven, 'Christ and his Mother', in your St John Passion (2007). Is it essentially the same music?
+James MacMillan: There are extractions plus instrumental lines that aren't there. In the Passion there are solo viola lines that are quite ornamental and therefore not essential to the polyphony. There are also little instrumental touches that I've taken out and the coda, which is accompanied in the Passion, is a cappella here.
+Rebecca Tavener: It has an intricate structure that packs an incredible emotional punch. The inner four-part canon - intellectual 'head music' with a Latin text - is at the centre but seems to represent a third party observer while the outer parts are the 'heart music'; Mary's plaint, rich with emotion, pain, sighing and an aching intensity of very personal love and loss - visceral music. You're wonderfully effective at expressing pain in your music: The Confession of Isobel Gowdie, The Seven Last Words and Inez de Castro are all obvious examples. What, if anything, do you draw on from personal experience? Is it subliminal or even visionary in some way?
+James MacMillan: I'm not really sure. I think it's a common universal trait and it's not personal - it's not an ego thing - it's an attempt to get down into the depths of a universal human experience.
+Rebecca Tavener: You also have a powerful appreciation and understanding of the feminine in your Marian works, at least those aspects of which the church approves!
+James MacMillan: I'm delighted to hear you say that. I remember having to sit through a paper once by a musicologist which accused me and the poet Michael Symmons Roberts of misogyny in our work which was very difficult. A lot of women in my works seem to suffer greatly and I can understand why an unresearched perspective might draw that conclusion, but it's a wrong conclusion.
+Rebecca Tavener: That brings us to Cum vidisset Jesus which was commissioned by the University of Notre Dame (USA) for a conference in 2012: ‘James MacMillan and the Musical Modes of Mary and the Cross', at which you were the featured guest artist.
+James MacMillan: Notre Dame has a very interesting set-up - they've attracted a very good choral director there, Carmen-Helena Telléz, and she's got a great programme that's beginning to establish itself. They performed the Seven Last Words at a concert and they wanted to take the ‘Woman, Behold Thy Son!' section as the starting point for a new motet. I've visited the text before in a number of ways and again here was the chance for another perspective. As I get older I'm beginning to notice that I'm doing things two times, three times, four times, but in very different ways - and there has to be a different way - for example, I was just writing a viola concerto and there's a little theme that keeps coming and I'm determined and excited about doing it differently every time, even if it's just a slight tweak in the harmony. It is a type of play, a game you play with yourself: you can do it in a microscopic aspect of composition or in a bigger way, looking at how you revisit texts.
+Rebecca Tavener: The most striking moment is in the last two pages where you echo the 'dabit fructum tuum' phrases from the Strathclyde Motet 'Qui meditabitur' - is there a theological link?
+James MacMillan: Possibly - what do you make of it?
+Rebecca Tavener: The bearing of fruit; the asking for fruitfulness from God; the fruit of Mary's womb being Christ?
+James MacMillan: Yes, exactly - these are just tenuous thoughts with me, but there are reasons, deep down...I think you've hit the nail on the head.
+Rebecca Tavener: The fourth and last in the Marian sequence finds Mary in a universal role as spiritual mother to all. You wrote I am your Mother for Lawrence Lew's ordination in Blackfriars, Oxford - how did you get involved?
+James MacMillan: I've known Lawrence since he was a young Dominican: he's a fascinating character. I was involved partly in his education because he invited me to be one of his professors at Oxford at one point - he taught me more than I taught him in the end - he's very bright and I think that the future of the Dominicans lies with people like him. He's also a great musician: he used to sing chorally and has a commitment to the deeper traditions of liturgical music and chant - he's really up to speed with all that. He was the deacon at Sara's baptism. We've become good friends and any time a clergyman of any denomination shows an interest in liturgical music it's a gift because there aren't all that many of them! When he asked me to write this for his ordination I jumped at the chance.
+Lawrence chose these texts and I wondered about how to do it, whether to separate them or, as it turned out, have them sung concurrently. As you know, I'm interested in things like the ancient technique of tenor and I thought this was the perfect example to treat that way.
+Rebecca Tavener: This is what Lawrence has told me about the experience, both of studying with you and of his ordination:
+James MacMillan: It's partly that, but also I love to be able to extend the palette of anything I'm writing and if there were other extended techniques for singing that I could use without sounding like the usual suspects I would do so. So far, humming with open/closed mouth is the most natural idiom for me, I think. I like the idea of smearing in sounds that are non-verbal with the verbal: that is taking music that is text-led and providing a context with it that is almost instrumental, like an accompaniment - not just with chords but different sounds that have a delicacy that only the human voice can achieve. I've just finished a work that is almost all humming.
+Rebecca Tavener: Invocation could be described as a choral madrigal because you've had to create new music for each line of text.
+James MacMillan: Yes, absolutely, it is a secular piece in a curious way. It's actually an arrangement of an earlier version for soprano and small ensemble with jazz kit, slightly like a cabaret song. It came about because British composer Dominic Muldowney and some others decided that the art political song was in decline and they decided to have a political cabaret night at the Almeida Festival. They asked lots of people to write a political song: I wrote this and didn't let on who the author was and they thought it was a kind of left wing protest song! It's upbeat, it's a kind of statement of resolve about the human condition, and the fact that it could be passed off as a political song in über-trendy North London and might even generate sales of the works of John Paul II is rather amusing!
+Rebecca Tavener: Domine non secundum peccata nostra is a setting of the Tract for Ash Wednesday commissioned by the Master and Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge, to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the founding of the college. An unusual feature of the work is the violin solo which supplies a wordless commentary, a response of pure, ethereal emotion, possibly symbolising an angelic observer; your use of strings to express pain is often very vocal.
+James MacMillan: It is difficult to get the violin really well blended with the voices - I've been reluctant to write for this scoring again but your performances confirmed my faith in the idea.
+Rebecca Tavener: Is the solo violin threnody you place at the end of the male voice section there because words are no longer enough?
+James MacMillan: I've always drawn attention to Schumann as a source of this idea: he sort of goes into reveries at the end of some of his songs, just with the piano. As a young composer I was struck by that, and that after the words are fi nished Schumann will go off into these massive codas - it's always lived with me and you can do it in so many different ways.
+Rebecca Tavener: Alpha & Omega was commissioned by the American society Soli Deo Gloria, a non profit organisation whose mission is to support sacred music worldwide. Are societies like this much needed in the world?
+James MacMillan: They've always been very interested in me: their main driver is John Nelson, an American conductor. They try to take oratorio to unusual places, China for example, so I suppose there's something evangelical about them. They have commissioned a number of composers of various religions, not just Christians. I'm writing a Psalm-setting for them soon. I went over for the first recording session performance of Alpha & Omega in Chicago and visited their offices - it's a great organisation and they seem to be involved in lots of stuff on
+both sides of the Atlantic.
+Rebecca Tavener: There is immense power encapsulated in this short work: like a musical nuclear bomb. The score feels deceptively light and you wonder if you dropped the score on the floor whether it would make a great crashing sound!
+James MacMillan: You've got to do that with these kinds of pieces: to get to the core of what it's about almost in a moment. It sounded fantastic when Cappella Nova sang it in concert in Glasgow - it's hard for a small group. The Chicago performance used 60 voices.
+Rebecca Tavener: On the Soli Deo Gloria website they posted this:
+Lawrence Alma-Tadema: At Home in Antiquity: a review of the exhibition, with a general note on his frames
+by The Frame Blog
+The Fries Museum, Leeuwarden, in the Netherlands, has been holding a major exhibition on the work of one of its native artists – the 19th century ‘Olympian’, Lawrence Alma-Tadema. It is reviewed here by Dorien Tamis, art historian and journalist.
+Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912), Entrance to a Roman theatre, 1866, Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+A celebrated artist during his lifetime, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema brought everyday scenes from ancient history to life in his paintings. Now, in an extensive exhibition, more than eighty of these works, along with personal items and film excerpts, have been assembled to tell the story of his rise to fame and explore the ways in which he has defined our image of classical antiquity. The exhibition has been on view in the Museum of Friesland in Leeuwarden, and will open on 24th February in the Belvedere, Vienna (until 8th June 2017), after which it will travel to Leighton House, London (7 July – 29 October 2017).
+Alma-Tadema, Self-portrait aged 16, 1852, 58.5 x 48.5 cm., Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+Lourens Tadema was born in the Friesian village of Dronryp in 1836, and trained as a painter at the Royal Academy in Antwerp under Henri Leys. In 1870 he settled in England, eventually anglicizing his name to Lawrence, and hyphenating his middle name, Alma, with his surname to become Lawrence Alma-Tadema. He became celebrated for his depictions of the antique world, either of historical events or of generic scenes enacted against a Mediterranean backdrop or set in sumptuous marbled interiors. He was nicknamed the ‘marbellous’ painter for his ability to depict materials (especially marble, of course) with uncanny realism of texture and tactility. He also engaged in extensive research for every work, to have it appear as true to life as possible – en passant amassing an impressive reference-collection of books, prints, photographs, archeological artefacts and replicas.[1] After moving to Grove End Road, London, in 1883, Alma-Tadema painted less and less, becoming engrossed in decorating his new house instead. He was knighted in 1899, and died in 1912, three years after the death of his second wife, during a trip to a health spa in Germany.
+Alma-Tadema, An antique custom, 1876, panel, 28 x 8 cm., Kunsthalle, Hamburg
+Although he became both famous and (financially) very successful during his lifetime, after his death Alma-Tadema fell into disrepute, his paintings deemed examples of Victorian bad taste: academic, descriptive and lifeless. His work has undergone a certain re-evaluation since the 1960s, but even so the old perception still lingers. In fact, as long as I can remember it has been almost an art-historical ‘fashion’ to deride Alma-Tadema’s lack of ‘painterly’ attainments. His compositions are considered to be seductive pictures, certainly, but in the sense of pleasurable postcards of an exotic, vanished world, peopled by gauzily clad women, rather than valued as art, the brushwork of a true master. Although not explicitly stated, this exhibition of course invites the viewer to reconsider the verdict. Did I? Well, yes and no. One of the most arresting works, in the painterly sense, is the very last one shown, the unfinished Exhausted maenads after the dance (Amsterdam, Van Gogh Museum) [2]. Alma-Tadema conceived the composition as three female nudes, collapsed after dancing and drinking themselves into exhaustion, and depicted it in bold strokes, revealing himself as a sprezzatura painter well worth looking at for those who value this technique. From this painting it is obvious that it is only at a later stage that the painter meticulously finishes every detail and surface of the picture to such an extent that it tends to become stiff and overworked. Whether you share this assessment or not, remains, of course, a matter of taste.
+Alma-Tadema (1836-1912), The roses of Heliogabalus, 1888, o/c, 52 ¼ x 84 3/8 in (132.7 x 214.4 cm), The Pérez Simón Collection
+The viewpoint offered in the exhibition is another one entirely, that of Alma-Tadema, not so much as painter, but as director. For over a century his paintings have been used as a source of inspiration – even of blueprints – by film directors, for historical dramas ranging from the 1913 epic Quo Vadis, until the much more recent Gladiator by Ridley Scott (2000). Of course, Alma-Tadema himself was involved in theatre too, as a set and costume-designer.
+Anna Alma-Tadema, Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema’s study at Townshend House, London, 1884, watercolour, 33 x 45 cm., Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. Thaw Collection 2007-27-72
+The point of departure of the exhibition is also a valid way to understand the painter’s obsession with decorating his house during his later years: Alma-Tadema as the director of his own surroundings, his house as his own personal film set. He turned both home and studio into a Gesamtkunstwerk, a meeting place of the present and the past. To complement the reproductions of archaeological artefacts – for instance, a replica of the so-called Hildesheim Krater – Alma-Tadema designed his own classicizing furniture, embellished with decorative paintwork.
+Alma-Tadema, cabinet doors with Politeness & Courtesy (top panels); Vanity (looking-glass) & Pride (lower panels), c.1871-85, 170 x 45 cm., Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+Motifs cross over between his painted work and his interior design: for instance the couple and the woman in red in the foreground of the Entrance to the theatre (top of article) are also to be seen on painted cabinet doors, where they are meant to symbolize Politeness and Courtesy, according to the inventory written by his daughter.[3] It is interesting to compare the settings of the two works: the painting (Entrance to the theatre) has a wide flat frieze which is used for emblems to do with the subject – comic and tragic masks, and a little player with cymbals dancing along the pole at the top – whilst the stiles of the cabinet become an equally flat frieze around the painted panels, and are decorated with graphic ornaments. The negation of depth in the cabinet contrasts with the painting, where the scene itself has a deep spatial recession, emphasized by the burnished gilt hollow and the inward-slanting sight edge added to the flat frieze of the frame.
+Alma-Tadema, looking-glass with painted medallion portraits of the artist, his daughters & nephew, 1885, miniature on copper 9.8 x 7.7 cm., frame 53 x 41.5 cm., Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+Amongst the pieces of furniture shown in the exhibition, a particularly charming item is a small curved and faceted looking-glass adorned with a miniature portrait of the painter’s family inserted into an oval frame. The frame, thought to have been executed in 1885, has been upholstered with textiles embroidered and beaded in subdued (possibly faded) colours.
+Alma-Tadema, looking-glass with painted medallion, detail
+The miniature depicts Alma-Tadema himself, his daughters Laurence and Anna by his first wife, Pauline, and his nephew Pieter Rodeck. As his second wife Laura is missing from the little tableau, it is evident that the mirror was a gift to her, in which she could view herself surrounded by her family [4].
+Judgement of Paris frame by Filippo Parodi (1630-1702), now containing Ferdinand Vouet, Portrait of Maria Mancini, Palazzo Spinola, Genoa
+This is a familiar and conventional trope; the same trick is used (with very different effect) in Filippo Parodi’s Judgement of Paris frame. This now contains a portrait, but it was almost certainly designed to hold a looking-glass. It is carved with the figures of Hera and Pallas Athene on the left and right, and Hermes at the top; he offers the golden apple of Discord to Paris, who points down into the frame, indicating that he should give it to the most beautiful woman in the world – that is, Aphrodite, who is represented by whichever woman looks into the glass.
+Alma-Tadema & Laura Epps, The Epps family screen, 1870-71, 6 hinged panels, each 182.9 x 78.7 cm., © V & A Museum /Supplied by The Public Catalogue Foundation
+Laura was an artist in her own right, who had taken lessons from Alma-Tadema; his teaching method consisted of collaborating with his pupil in portraying members of her family. One result of what turned out to be their courtship was a large folding screen, measuring some 5 metres across, which was set aside and never finished after their marriage. It has an extraordinarily bold, asymmetric L-shaped frame of wide red panels, which indicates a Japanese influence (amongst the objects from Alma-Tadema’s collection now in the Fries Museum is a Japanese bamboo stool), and see William Michael Rossetti on ‘the Dutchman’s taste for Japanese art’ [5].
+Self-portraits of Alma Tadema & Laura Epps, oil on panel, 1871, 27.5 x 37.5 cm., in frame 43 x 53.5 cm (closed), & 43 x 78 cm (open), Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+To commemorate their wedding Lawrence and Laura each painted a self-portrait, united by a replica of a Roman frame and hidden behind walnut shutters painted with emblems. This is one of the few exhibits to be graced with a description of its frame in the catalogue:
+‘…the two [self-portraits] are united in a frame of a type used in classical antiquity, and often represented in Lawrence’s paintings… The portraits are encircled by an inscription in elongated capitals reminiscent of Pompeiian examples (compare the lettering in Fig. 7, for example), and enclosed by doors painted with emblems – a Dutch tulip on Lawrence’s side, an English rose on Laura’s.’ [6]
+Alma-Tadema, Self-portrait in shuttered frame, detail
+Alma Tadema, A family group, 1896, panel 30.5 x 27.9 cm., purchased from Miss Anna Alma-Tadema, 1944.© Royal Academy of Arts, London Photo: John Hammond
+An imaginary, pedimented version of this work provides the focus for a painting of Laura, her sisters and brother, with her husband in the background, executed 25 years later in 1896. Here, the emblems representing husband and wife have been moved to the same door of the frame, possibly indicating their closeness. See also Fig. 60 in the catalogue – Antistius Labeon: AD 75 (1874, private collection) – a variation of A family group, but in a classical setting, with Roman costumes and frames.
+Alma-Tadema, A hearty welcome, OP CXC , o/c 30x 90cm., © Ashmolean Museum. Photo: The Frame Blog
+Alma-Tadema often favoured an oblong horizontal format in his paintings (above, in the artist’s characteristic moulding with a deeply canted back edge, decorated with a band of black-&-gold chevron ornament). This is immediately recognizable as the proscenium arch of the theatre (and looks forward to the silver screen); he also frequently uses a compositional view in a wide-angled perspective. Pleading, A question, Amo te, ama me: several versions of a conversation between a Roman youth and a young woman, lounging on a huge marble garden bench, are among his most reproduced paintings to use this effect.
+Alma-Tadema, The Pyrrhic dance, 1869, 81.3 x 40 cm, Guildhall Art Gallery (replacement gallery frame)
+In The Pyrrhic Dance, one of Alma-Tadema’s first works to be accepted for the Royal Academy summer exhibition, he compresses space in such a drastic fashion that the dancing warriors seem to be constricted within the picture frame, imbuing the painting with a curious atmosphere of suspense.
+Alma-Tadema, Silver Favourites, c.1903, panel, 69.1 x 42.2 cm, frame 110 x 71 cm overall. Manchester City Art Gallery . Image courtesy of Manchester Art Gallery
+The stage-effect of the paintings, whether in landscape or upright format, is nearly always reinforced in this way by the frames. Alma-Tadema designed the majority of these himself. The aedicular patterns mimic the classical architecture of a temple façade or aedicule, crowned by a flat entablature or a triangular pediment; some of them are in tabernacle form (i.e. in an upright format with an apron and brackets beneath, as above, designed to be hung on a wall, rather than standing on an altar-like support). Many of these frames (unlike the classical altarpieces of the Renaissance) use expanses of undecorated, plain gilding, by means of which the artist – to my mind – creates an even more distinctive partition between the viewer and the picture. The gilding of most frames seems to be in good condition, well preserved or restored. Only in a few some abrasions show the reddish ground underneath the gilding. Although obviously not intended, the effect is not disagreeable, it adds some patina to the whole.
+That – apart from a very few crumbs, such as for the self-portrait triptych, above – no information on the original frames is incorporated in the book that accompanies the exhibition (not a catalogue in the strict sense), is unfortunate. This is especially true as the rôle of the frame in his overall composition reinforces the viewpoint of Alma-Tadema as a ‘director’.
+Nicolaas van der Waay, Hall of panels at Grove End Road, c.1890-91, pen-&-ink drawing, Fries Museum
+In both his London homes, first in Townshend House and later at 17 Grove End Road, Alma-Tadema encouraged his family and his artist friends who visited to donate a painting in a narrow upright format to be included in the wall panelling. Eventually amounting to 45 paintings, the decoration can be read as an album amicorum of the painter and his family. The subject matter ranges from painted interiors – amongst them a depiction of Alma-Tadema’s studio by his sister-in-law, Emily Epps – to marines and landscapes. A moor scene was donated by Sientje Mesdag, the wife of the famous marine painter Hendrik Willem Mesdag; there were also city views, nudes, and even the figure of a Javanese dancer by John Singer Sargent.
+Photo of the Hall of Panels, 1902, detail; from The Strand Magazine, December 1902 [7]
+The integral framework of the panels consisted of a flat frieze, similar to the frame of the Entrance to the theatre, and to the cabinet doors illustrated above, with a gilt bead and cavetto close-framing the actual paintings. Eventually the panelling was dismantled, and the paintings dispersed. Some of them are still framed in a way closely resembling their original setting (maybe even partly retained from the original panelling); others – including the beautiful nude, The bath of Psyche by Lord Leighton – were reframed in broad mouldings made of unadorned dark wood, better suited to the heavy furniture popular in the 1970s.[8] It is a telltale sign that the only open floorspace is to be found in front of these paintings, in an exhibition that is otherwise very crowded.
+The exhibition in Leeuwarden was extremely busy: so much so, that the Museum had problems handling the influx, with queues for admittance stretching through the Museum, lasting for an hour or more. After Leeuwarden, the exhibition travels to the Belvedere, Vienna, and after that to London, to Leighton House; so booking for it in both locations is advisable. Leighton House was the home and studio of Alma-Tadema’s close friend and fellow artist, Frederic, Lord Leighton, who decorated his house in a similar spirit. Both of Alma-Tadema’s London houses embodied the impression the Friesian artist wanted to create, of an interior based on aesthetic principles and archaeological research. Alma-Tadema was first and foremost the ‘director’ of his own setting.
+***************************************************************** was awarded her doctorate last year for her).
+*****************************************************************
+An appendix: Alma-Tadema’s frames
+by The Frame Blog
+Alma-Tadema, Self-portrait, c.1897, Vasari Corridor, Uffizi
+This self-portrait by Alma-Tadema was painted forty-five years after the one near the beginning of the review, above. The sixteen year-old artist and the sixty-one year-old are posed alike, in three-quarter profile, tools in hand, before the pictures they are working on; nicely-jacketed, with white collar and tie, the dispassionate gaze the same, the features clearly recognizable through the decades which separate them – and through the beard and the glasses. But the great difference is that the boy at the start of his career is just working on his picture, because that is all that he sees as important, whereas the mature artist paints himself finishing the portrait in its frame – in this frame, in which it still hangs.
+As Dorien Tamis points out in her review of the exhibition, Alma-Tadema was the director of his life, his domestic surroundings, his art, and the way that his art was presented; the frame was an extremely important part of this presentation, and he made sure that, as far as he was able, the style of frame suited the subject. This is the self-portrait requested for the collection which had been begun by Cardinal Leopoldo de’ Medici in the 17th century, and which hung in the Vasari Corridor, and therefore Alma-Tadema acquired for it a reproduction of a Baroque Florentine leaf frame (it may even have been carved for him in Florence; Spencer Stanhope and Evelyn De Morgan had their frames made there). He then finished the painting in the frame, so you can see in the portrait the edge of the frame which you are actually looking at, around the painting which is also inside the portrait (and which would – if we could see it – contain another frame edge, like a series of reflecting looking-glasses). This artist has grown up to paint infinity, in anticipation of the Surrealists.
+Frames with ‘Frankish’ decoration
+Alma-Tadema, Queen Fredegunda visits Bishop Praetextatus on his deathbed, 1864, 99 x 138 cm., with frame 133 x 170.5 cm., Fries Museum
+Before he got to that point, however, and after the precocious 16 year-old portrait, Alma-Tadema discovered history. His frames are generally thought of in terms of the golden aedicular patterns which (literally) enshrine his larger classical scenes, but his designs are a great deal more varied and interesting than these. He seems to have begun framing his work in a more individual way in the early 1860s; at this point he was painting subjects from the Merovingian past of his country (the 5th-8th centuries AD, when the Franks were ruling a large chunk of northern Europe). He appears to have researched the period carefully [9]; how much he was able to find of furniture in the earliest century is questionable, considering how little there is left of it, but the scene he sets (above) is very convincing. The ornament of the frame is based on Romanesque chevron carvings around stone arches (for instance); it is probably later than the subject Alma-Tadema is painting, but it is also fairly convincingly archaic – mainly because of something which is now lost to us: the vast difference there would have been between this kind of frame decoration, and the normal academic type of frame with which most artists and spectators would have been familiar.
+Early frames in ‘classical’ style
+Alma-Tadema (1836-1912), Returning home from market, 1865, o/panel, 15 15/16 x 22 ¾ ins, 40.5 x 56.8 cm., The Pérez Simôn Collection
+Alma-Tadema, Returning home from market, detail
+He became interested in Egyptian history, too, and then – honeymooning in Italy in 1863 – in Rome and Pompeii, where he recorded both the architecture and its carved ornament. One of his earliest ‘Roman’ frames was made for Returning home from market, which has a fairly conventional profile (like Queen Fredegunda) but is decorated appropriately with gilt motifs of buds and small sprigs of bay leaves.
+Alma-Tadema (1836-1912), Entrance to a Roman theatre, 1866, Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+Alma-Tadema, Entrance to a Roman theatre, detail
+The Entrance to a Roman theatre, which came next, is not only a tour de force of historical reanimation, but signals his intention to integrate the structure of his frames more closely with the contents. The flat façade of this frame, with no subsidiary carved ornamental mouldings – just a burnished cavetto and a deep canted sight edge – would have been extremely innovative and unusual, even by 1866. Millais’s frame for his friend Charles Collins’s painting, Convent thoughts (1850-51), had a very similar frame construction, but the minimalist form which underlay the great moulded lilies fixed to it (also innovative) had had little influence at this point – certainly very little in the Netherlands. The flat frieze which fills most of the body of the frame is close to the ‘studio frame’ used by many 19th century artists to hold the studies and sketches they retained. Alma-Tadema has converted it into the front of a proscenium arch, interpreting the title quite literally, and making the painting of the theatre entrance the prologue, as it were, to a theatrical performance, by adding tragic & comic masks and swags of bay leaves at the top, cleverly suggesting a modern stage curtain – whilst not implying that the Romans also had curtains. The elongated lettering of the title, with its careful serifs, suggests a Latin inscription.
+Alma-Tadema, A Pyrrhic dance, 1869, 81.3 x 40 cm, Guildhall Art Gallery, with detail from My studio, 1867, panel, 42.1 x 54cm., Groninger Museum, Groningen
+He continued to use conventional frames, presumably partly because he was still experimenting with the ideal formula – the thing every artist wants from his frames – the trademark design; and partly because the destination of some of his paintings might not be as open to innovation as he wanted. As it happened, the Royal Academy in London had already become acquainted with innovating artists, through the Pre-Raphaelites, but Alma-Tadema seems circumspectly to have chosen a NeoClassical pattern for one of his first two exhibits at the RA. A Pyrrhic dance (1869) has now lost its original frame, but in the painting My studio of 1867, what looks like an early version of it is set on the back of the easel, facing the spectator, so that we can see its concave frame with palmette decoration in compo [10].
+Diptychs in Roman style
+Self-portraits of Alma Tadema & Laura Epps, oil on panel, 1871, 27.5 x 37.5 cm., in frame 43 x 53.5 cm (closed), & 43 x 78 cm (open), Fries Museum, Leeuwarden
+Laura Epps, Self-portrait in shuttered frame, detail
+However, he had done his research, and began to design frames which were far more individual, and based on ancient architectural and ornamental sources. Some of them would be classically very purist and authentic, as, for instance, the double portrait of himself and his second wife, Laura Epps; he repeated this diptych and its frame for the double portrait of his daughter and son-in-law – Dr Franz Hueffer and Cathy Madox Brown, 1872, OP CIV, private collection.
+Trompe l’oeil fresco of a painting, shutters folded back, on trompe l’oeil ‘shelf’, House of the Cryptoporticus, Pompeii. Photo: Davide Peluso
+Shuttered paintings of this kind had been found in Pompeii, which he had visited (there is a photo in the exhibition catalogue of Alma-Tadema taking measurements inside one of the houses); the House of the Cryptoporticus has a number of beautifully painted examples.
+Alma-Tadema, The picture gallery, 1874, o/c; courtesy of Towneley Hall Art Gallery & Museums, Burnley. THA37360
+Alma-Tadema, The picture gallery, detail
+He also brought these antique works to life in paintings, including three of a Roman picture gallery, which contains alternative selections of varied frames in the different versions. The example above includes a shuttered frame on the right which is very similar to that made for the double portrait of the artist and his wife, with crossed corners (rather like an Oxford frame [11]). Both the versions of The collector of pictures at the time of Augustus (1866 & 1867) have different but particularly clear examples of framed and shuttered works at the top left, as well as patterns which look as though they could have inspired some of the more Ruritanian artists’ frames of the late 19th century. Michael Squire notes the sources for the works contained in these inventive frames, pointing out that The picture gallery, above, brings together part of an actual Pompeiian floor (the Alexander Mosaic) and elements of frescoed walls as though they were modern canvases, framed as Alma-Tadema himself might have framed them [12].
+Moulding frames with ‘Greek’ or ‘Roman’ decoration
+Alma-Tadema, Woman & flowers, 1868, o/panel, 49.8 x 37.2 cm., detail. Museum of Fine Arts Boston
+Alma-Tadema, Etruscan vase painters, 1871, OP XCIV, o/panel, 42.9 x 28 cm., Manchester CAG. Image courtesy of Manchester Art Gallery
+Alma-Tadema, Etruscan vase painters, detail
+Alma-Tadema, A bacchante, c.1875, o/ panel, Sudley House, National Museums Liverpool. Photo: courtesy of National Museums Liverpool
+Alma-Tadema, A bacchante, detail
+As well as these more specialized designs, Alma-Tadema produced a number of very individual moulding frames, which seem to be unique to the particular paintings they contain. These include the design for Woman & flowers, with its double-guilloche top edge, and repeated interlocking garlands of flowers, which is the feminine version of the male bay-leaf garland. Another example is the frame of Etrucan vase painters, in which the pattern of shallow relief interlocking buds on the frieze can be found in Owen Jones’s The grammar of ornament [13], and is noted there as one of the ‘Ornaments from Greek and Etruscan Vases in the British Museum and the Louvre’. Alma-Tadema may well have taken the motif directly from Owen Jones, as the coincidence with the title of the painting is almost too great; The grammar of ornament became the Bible of designers (and framemakers) looking for references for classical patterns of all kinds in the second half of the 19th century. A third classicizing moulding frame holds A bacchante, and has a wide flat frieze decorated with an outline undulating running pattern, based on a simplified version of the ‘Pompeiian No 2’ page in Jones. See, too, the frame of An antique custom (in the review, above), with small images of the implements used in Roman baths – strigils and water scoops – engraved on the frieze.
+Alma-Tadema, The roses of Heliogabalus, 1888, The Pérez Simón Collection; detail
+Alma-Tadema, Spring, 1894, J. Paul Getty Museum, detail
+At the top of the flat border of A bacchante, at the sight edge, Alma-Tadema’s signature stylized scroll can be seen, also in outline; here it holds his hand-inscribed name, but on, for instance, the frame of The roses of Heliogabalus it forms a shallow relief panel on the pedestal, whilst on Spring it is used as an applied title plate on the cornice.
+Inscription of a freedman & woman of Sextus Lartidius, Legate in Asia, 5 BC, Wilcox Classical Museum, University of Kansas; purchased 1909
+He may have found a stone model for this scroll in his travels, or have come across a reproduction in a book or photo; although not common enough to make it a cliché, inscriptions carved in stylized scrolls, like the one above, show that – as always – Alma-Tadema’s remaking of the classical world in his work had a basis in archaeological research.
+Alma-Tadema, A hearty welcome, OP CXC , o/c 30x 90cm.,© Ashmolean Museum. Photo: The Frame Blog
+Alma-Tadema, A hearty welcome, detail
+The most frequently-used moulding frame turns up on quite a number of Alma-Tadema’s paintings – for example, on A hearty welcome in the Ashmolean, referred to in the exhibition review, above. This has a geometric canted section in two stages which projects the picture forward from the wall, in a variation on the ogee or convex bolection moulding of a Baroque frame. It looks very much like an adaptation of the canted moulding used by Ford Madox Brown and Rossetti.
+D.G. Rossetti (1828-1882), La bocca baciata, 1859, o/panel, 32.1 x 27 cm., detail. Museum of Fine Arts Boston
+Rossetti seems to have designed this initially, using it on the small, bust length decorative paintings of women set in a shallow space which he executed in the 1860s; here the moulding was canted on both sides, and decorated with the alternating round indents which explain why Brown called it ‘Rossetti’s thumb-mark pattern’. It functions like an ordinary architrave frame, without pushing the painting forward; instead, it emphasizes the flat, decorative nature of these pictures.
+Ford Madox Brown (1821-93), Lear & Cordelia, 1849-54, o/c, 71.1 x 99.1 cm., frame overall 99.5 x 127 x 8 cm., Tate
+Brown then adapted the thumb-mark moulding for his own frames by adding another stage of canted moulding underneath Rossetti’s, which does push the canvas out towards the spectator. Sometimes the surface of the lower slope was stepped, and sometimes it was faced with a black reeded moulding, striped with gold leaf.
+Alma-Tadema, A favorite custom, 1909, o/panel, 66 x 45.1 cm, Tate
+All the variations are notable for their extreme modernity, compared with the rounded, convex, concave and ogee mouldings of contemporary academic or Salon frames; however, Alma-Tadema developed his own in the opposite spirit – he was looking for a frame which stood out through its archaic, pre-modern appearance. Canted mouldings were part of classical architecture, but they were unusual, and it may be that the artist based his design on something like the silhouette of an Egyptian pyramid. He emphasized this aspect with the band of black-&-gold triangles at the top of the first canted stage, giving the whole frame a hint of barbaric exoticism. He also used the frame unadorned for portraits of his peers and family, and other contemporary works, such as 94° in the shade (1876, Fitzwilliam Museum) and Portrait of Maurice Sons (private collection).
+Aedicular & tabernacle frames
+His most recognizable settings are, however, the aedicular and tabernacle frames [14] which – like the other Olympians (Lord Leighton, Sir Edward Poynter, Edwin Long, amongst others) – he used as appropriate for larger subject paintings set in ancient Greece or Rome.
+Alma-Tadema, Vespasian hearing from one of his generals of the taking of Jerusalem by Titus, 1866, o/panel, 51 x 38 cm., University of Michigan Museum of Art & Archaeology
+These designs were in place for the classical subjects he painted from 1865-68, for the twenty-four pictures commissioned by the dealer, Ernest Gambart. Vespasian… (above) was one of these, but there were subjects in landscape form as well as portrait, and their frames also differed.
+Alma-Tadema, frame designed & made for Caracalla: AD 211, 1902, Sotheby’s, New York, 8 November 2013, Lot 14
+This remained true throughout Alma-Tadema’s life: he used various designs, some with pediments and even acroteria, like the example here, as well as with ornamental modillions or brackets at the bottom. The frame from Caracalla (like the one on the gigantic Roses of Heliogabalus) is a landscape version of the portrait frame on Silver favourites (1903, Manchester CAG).
+Alma-Tadema, frame designed & made for The golden hour, 1908, Sotheby’s, New York, 8 November 2013, Lot 15
+Some have just a crowning entablature, and a relatively plain structure which is enlivened with runs of ornamental moulding. They are all carefully adjusted to the proportions and balance of the painting, and – being designed by the artist – are part of his whole vision for the complete work of art. Given this, it seems an act of almost unbelievable vandalism and selfishness that the owner from whose estate the two empty frames shown here were posthumously sold, should have removed the paintings and sold them separately at an earlier point, filling the orphaned frames with reproductions of the two works so that he could still ‘enjoy’ them, whilst having profited from their sale.
+Alma-Tadema, Love’s missile, OP. CCCXC, 1909, 19 3/4 x 15 in., 50 x 38 cm., Sotheby’s, London, 14 December 2006
+Love’s missile, which retains its almost identical frame, demonstrates the loss for the painting of The golden hour in having been separated from its frame and sent naked into the world. It is clear from the former work that Alma-Tadema used the aedicular frame as it had been designed in the Renaissance, when a classical altarpiece frame provided an opening like a door or window through which the spectator could look onto another world. In the Renaissance, the spectator would have been a worshipper, looking onto a celestial scene; in 19th century Britain, he or she was a prosperous citizen of Victoria, looking through a doorway into an imagined but realistic view of a classical world which echoed his or her own in the emotions or situations it conjured, and in the analogous furnishings and decorative schemes that it showed.
+Frames in ‘Egyptian’ style
+Alma-Tadema, An Egyptian widow, 1872, o/panel, 74.9 x 99.1 cm., Rijksmuseum
+Alma-Tadema, An Egyptian widow, detail
+For subjects where the time and scene was even more exotic than the classical past, with which most educated Victorians would have been at least slightly familiar, he used frames as he had for his Merovingian paintings – conventional shapes and structures, but decorated with appropriate motifs. He painted several Egyptian subjects: The Egyptian widow is framed in ornaments which may have been inspired by the relevant pages of Owen Jones (plates IV, V & VI), or from exhibits in the British Museum. The scotia is full of repeated naturalistic plants, arranged in sprays set alternately pointing up or down; these may be willow leaves (found in tombs) , or bindweed, associated with funerals, or leaves of the persea (the Tree of Life).
+Alma-Tadema, The death of the Pharoah’s firstborn son, 1872, o/c, 77 x 124.5 cm., Rijksmuseum. Photo: Rob Markoff
+Alma-Tadema, The death of the Pharoah’s firstborn son, details. Photos: Rob Markoff
+The death of the Pharoah’s firstborn son, although painted the same year as The Egyptian widow, has a much more ambitious and avant-garde frame. This may be because, although the dealer Ernest Gambart commissioned it in 1872, and sold it in 1878, Alma-Tadema bought it back himself in 1879, kept it until his death, and left it to the Rijksmuseum; thus the frame may date from some time after the painting. The banded and geometric ornaments at the back and on the top edge, with clasps like stylized feathers or palm leaves, seem again to be based on examples illustrated by Owen Jones; however, the motifs at the sight edge are made up of repeated hieroglyphs, arranged in a running pattern around the frame. They appear to be composed of two opposed versions of the glyph for a cobra, on either side of a cartouche, with the round symbol for the sun or Ra above. As with the group of frames with the triangular moulding, this unique Egyptian-style attributive design has links with the innovative geometric patterns used by Ford Madox Brown and Rossetti – the canted and fluted back edge, bordered by a black moulding striped with gold, is especially reminiscent of Pre-Raphaelite frames.
+Alma-Tadema, Cleopatra, 1877, o/panel, 19 x 26.7 cm., Auckland Art Gallery, NZ Museums
+The frame for Cleopatra is even more exotic, using as a model the structure of an Egyptian temple, in analogy with the artist’s classical aedicular frames. The immediate impression is of the ornament – the winged scarabs in the centre; and the cobra, sun and cartouches from The death of the Pharoah’s firstborn… at each end of the top frieze; the falcons on the base, and the ankh on the right [15].
+The temple of Khnum at Esna, Egypt. Photo: John Compana
+However, the form of this frame is particularly striking: it has the same tapered outer contour, inner right-angled aperture, flared entablature and simple mouldings as can be seen in, for example, the temple at Esna, revealing how scrupulous Alma-Tadema’s research was in all respects. But this would not have been as simple a commission to the framemaker as one of the classical aedicules which had become fashionable amongst artists in the 1870s; Leighton, Poynter, Burne-Jones, Strudwick, Spencer Stanhope and Evelyn De Morgan all used versions for their work. There would have been a point at which a core of London carvers and gilders became very familiar with, and expert at producing, frames which were fundmentally laminated planks of wood, decorated with mouldings which could be mechanically shaped, some simple carved ornament, and additional compo decoration. The pylon-shaped frame for Cleopatra was far more outré, and therefore more complicated to make. It appears to be the only surviving example of this pattern; perhaps it was a special commission. The meeting of Anthony & Cleopatra (1883), does not have an Egyptian frame, but a classical aedicular pattern – presumably because the meeting happened at Tarsus in Turkey (part of the Roman Empire), rather than in Egypt: historical accuracy, again. It is interesting to speculate, in this light, on the frame Alma-Tadema designed for The finding of Moses (1904), given that it was commissioned for Sir John Aird, who had bought The roses of Heliogabalus in 1891 [16]; perhaps it is hidden in someone’s attic, somewhere (please check your attics).
+The framemakers
+We have a couple of names for framemakers patronized by Alma-Tadema, identifiable mainly through labels on the reverse of the paintings; none of these seem to be earlier than 1879 (information would be welcomed as to framemakers from before this date, or from different firms).
+Alma-Tadema, A reading from Homer, 1885, o/c, 36 1/8 x 72 1/4 ins, 91.8 x 183.5 cm., courtesy the Philadelphia Museum of Art, The George W. Elkins Collection. E1924-4-1
+Alma-Tadema, A reading from Homer, detail
+The most important framemaking business is that of Dolman (Reginald Dolman & Son, of 6 New Compton Street, Soho), which had been set up by a James Criswick in the early 19th century, and, through changes of partnership, transferred to the control of Reginald Dolman in 1877 [17]. Alma-Tadema may have been using Dolman as his framemaker well before 1879, since in 1880 he recommended him to the National Gallery in replacement of Henry Critchfield, and a year’s knowledge seems sparse for this prestigious connection. Having found a capable firm he appears to have continued to use it for the next thirty years or more (a letter in Manchester City Art Gallery archives indicates that the artist wanted his client, a Mr Markham, to use Dolman to frame a latish painting of the Coliseum [18]). A reading from Homer and a portrait of Alfred Waterhouse (1891, National Portrait Gallery, London) both have Dolman’s labels, and are closely related in their use of wide plain friezes bordered by egg-&-dart and acanthus leaf tip decoration, and their play of canted and concave mouldings.
+There seems to be no evidence of Alma-Tadema employing Foord & Dickinson, the major resort of artists such as Rossetti and Holman Hunt, and others whose classical aedicular frames were quite as striking as Alma-Tadema’s, such as Burne-Jones and Leighton. He does seem to have used the firm of Thomas Agnew, which started out in Manchester at the beginning of the 19th century, adding a branch in London in 1860, but continuing to produce picture frames in its northern base [19]. The Etruscan vase painters (1871, Manchester CAG) has an Agnew’s label on the reverse, as does one of Laura Epps’s drawings; we know that Alma-Tadema painted work specifically for Agnew’s to sell in their rôle as picture dealers, so it is logical to assume that they would also have framed those paintings themselves (presumably in accordance with Alma-Tadema’s designs).
+The question of Thomas Maw as a framemaker is puzzling. Vern Swanson, in his catalogue raisonné of Alma Tadema’s work, notes that his frames were made by ‘Thomas Maws’ [20]. Information from the Fries Museum has enabled Jacob Simon to extend the article on Maw on the NPG’s Directory of British Picture Framemakers [21], but he has been unable to discover any evidence that Maw actually did make any of Alma-Tadema’s frames. He was born in 1851, and recorded in the various censuses as a carpenter & joiner, or just as a joiner; Alma-Tadema left a bequest to ‘my carpenter Tom Maw’. It is clear that the complex decorative schemes implemented by the artist and his wife in both their homes – in Townshend House from 1871, and in 17 Grove End Road from 1885 – would have needed a great deal of joinery, what with the niches, panelling, cupboards, stairs, window seats, shelves, cabinets made of antique panels, etc. [22]; and the Hall of Panels, for example (in both houses), with its inset paintings in small mouldings, would have been the kind of thing that a jobbing carpenter would naturally be asked to construct.
+Alma-Tadema, frame designed & made for Caracalla: AD 211, 1902, Sotheby’s, New York, 8 November 2013, Lot 14
+Alma-Tadema, frame designed & made for The golden hour, 1908, Sotheby’s, New York, 8 November 2013, Lot 15
+However, although the catalogue entries on Sotheby’s website for the two empty aedicular frames which previous held Caracalla and The golden hour state that these were ‘designed by Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema and made by Thomas Maw’, it does appear (pace Vern Swanson) that these have been made by someone with access to reverse boxwood moulds (and/or the means of carving them), an ability to make and manipulate compo expertly, to carve well and engrave into gesso; also the skills of a good gilder. It is difficult to believe that an artist as productive as Alma-Tadema, who was used to dealing with the likes of Sir John Aird and Henry Marquand, and to exhibiting his work in the Royal Academy and in the Parisian Expositions Universelles, Belgian International Expositions and American Worlds Fairs, would use his domestic carpenter for realizing his many frame designs professionally. This is underlined by his recommendation of Dolman to the National Gallery, and by Dolman’s gaining the work because his was the more economical application; and further, by the fact that Alma-Tadema would also have needed an expert art handling and packing service, which most commercial carvers & gilders had been offering for many decades. For an interesting sidelight on the complexities of reproducing one of Alma-Tadema’s frames today, see this article on artdaily.org. It gives some sense of the processes involved, which would probably not have been achievable by a simple carpenter – at least, not as frequently as would have been required by a prolific professional artist.
+The exhibition
+Alma-Tadema’s work has been due a major exhibition for a long time; this one is in most areas all-encompassing, covering his furniture designs and his own interior decoration, as well as his paintings. It is therefore an even more incomprehensible lack to have missed out a chapter on the great number of varied and imaginative artist’s frame designs which can be seen in the exhibition and elsewhere.
+Digital catalogue as a pdf:
+*****************************************************************
+[1] Much of Alma-Tadema’s collection is now held at the University of Birmingham; a significant number of objects were acquired by the Museum of Friesland – see Lawrence Alma-Tadema: At home in antiquity, ed. Elizabeth Prettejohn & Peter Trippi, exh.cat., 2016, pp. 48-49
+[10] NeoClassical patterns such as these had become popular from the 1760s, fed by the excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum. Napoleonic Directoire and Empire frames were decorated with anthemia and palmettes, and by the 1820s Friedrich Schinkel had designed a standard frame for the Berlin Gemäldegalerie, with palmette corners & centres . In the 19th century these examples made similar motifs, executed in compo, the appropriate choice for any subject (including landcsapes) connected with the classical world – eg Edward Lear’s View of the Temple of Apollo at Bassae, Fitzwilliam Museum, 1854-55.
+[11] 19th century Oxford frames: fortuitously and completely accidentally slightly ‘Roman’ in this respect. See Jacob Simon’s study on the design.
+[12] Michael Squire, ‘Introduction: The art of art history in Graeco-Roman antiquity’, Arethusa, 43 (2), 2010, The Johns Hopkins University Press, p.133–35
+[13] Owen Jones, The grammar of ornament, 1856, ‘Greek No 2’. plate XVI, no 7.
+[14] Aedicular frames are free-standing structures which are made to be supported by an altar, shelf, or even the floor; tabernacles are made to hang on the wall, and have an undercarriage – either a shaped ‘apron’ or (like some of Alma-Tadema’s works) a pedestal or predella panel which slopes back towards the wall and is supported on each side by ornamental brackets or modillions.
+[15] In one of its few acknowledgements of the artist’s frames, the exh. cat. does note (of Alma-Tadema’s influence on Klimt) that, ‘ The wide gilded frame on the Portrait of Josef Pembauer (1890) was decorated by Klimt with hand-painted figures and objects based on ancient models. Tadema had similarly decorated the frame of his Cleopatra – exhibited at the Kunstverein in 1875 – with Egyptian figures and hieroglyphs. ‘ Op. cit., p. 160
+[16] Exh. cat., op. cit., p.129. The frame was lost in 1955, when The finding of Moses was bought from a London dealer, the painting was apparently discarded outside the gallery, and its frame disappeared with the buyers.
+[17] For Dolman’s career and works, see the NPG Directory of British Picture Framemakers, under ‘James Criswick’.
+[18] If Henry Marquand had not died in 1902, it might be tempting to see this as the artist’s Friesian approximation of one of his wealthiest clients’ names, and imagine a further commission, to go with Amo te ame me, A reading from Homer, and Alma-Tadema’s grand piano.
+[19] For Agnew’s, see the NPG Directory…, op.cit., under ‘Vittore Zanetti… Thomas Agnew‘.
+[20] Vern Swanson, The biography and catalogue raisonné of the paintings of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, 1990, p. 87.
+[21] Ibid; under ‘Thomas Maw‘
+[22] There are a great many pictures of rooms and furnishings in both houses in the exh. cat., op. cit., in the chapter by Charlotte Gere, ‘The Alma-Tademas’ two homes in London’, pp. 75-97
+thank you for the wonderful post, I’ve learned a lot!
+Thank you for such a nice comment; I’m very glad that you liked this article – and thank you for the 5 stars on FB, as well… 🙂
+GREAT ! THANKS ! @TheFrameblog One of my favorite artists and bar-none the best designer of frames to enhance art.
+Well, what a lovely response! I’m glad that you’ve enjoyed the article, and thank you for taking the time to comment.
+Spurs Off-Topic Conversation: Michelle Beadle
+Stationed in Los Angeles, Beadle was told of the surprise that she still keeps a New York number. She refuses to change it no matter the location.
+“Hell no,” said Beadle. “That’s a 917 (area code). You don’t give that up. They don’t make those anymore. … I feel like if there’s a way to sell it, I would totally sell it.”
+There is never a dull conversation with Beadle, who was recently named the host of ESPN’s “NBA Countdown” show which airs on Wednesdays and Fridays. Her duties will also include Christmas Day games, including the Chicago Bulls-Spurs contest.
+Beadle, a 41-year-old UTSA grad, shared her thoughts on the Spurs, Tim Duncan’s jersey retirement ceremony and more in this week’s Off-Topic conversation:
+I feel like every year I’ve interviewed you. This is like the annual Michelle Beadle conversation.
+I know. And it’s Christmas.
+What’s life been like the last few months with you making the transition to be the host of NBA Countdown on ESPN?
+I love it so much. I love the NBA so that was a no-brainer. Plus, I’ve known Jalen (Rose) for a while. Tracy (McGrady) and Chauncey (Billups) are new, but they’ve been great. Honestly, I refer to it as my adult job. SportsNation is my fun goofy job, and then the other one, I’m allowed to sit at the adult’s table. So it’s perfect.
+How did it all come together? Did you have to think about it?
+Oh, no. The second they started talking to me about it, kind of gauging my interest and all of that, I was like, “Yes, please! Just let me know when, and I’ll be there.”
+So you’re not exhausted doing both jobs?
+No, not at all. (ESPN’s) “SportsNation” is easy. It’s a half hour. I get in at 11-11:30, and then you’re here until about 10 p.m. just on the NBA days. Once the playoffs start, I’ll have to take off from SportsNation probably a good four to five weeks because logistically it will be hard to do both, but it’s easy. The other thing is, I love Marcellus (Wiley) and LZ (Granderson), so it’s really not a job. Like, if I had two jobs that were hard work and I hate it, this would be a totally different conversation.
+So you are hosting the Christmas Day NBA coverage. Is this the first time you’ll be working on Christmas in a while?
+I feel like it is. I feel like there was probably a Christmas Day something, somewhere along the lines way back then where I just don’t remember when I was living alone and Christmas just didn’t even stand out to me. But this is my first sort of, what has been described to me, marathon crazy long day. But I’m excited about it. I’ve got my mom and my brother here, so I’ll see them in the morning and at night. I would’ve been watching these games anyway, so the only difference is I’ll get to slap some lipstick on and say some words.
+How was the Christmas shopping?
+I did all of it this year, like every single bit of it, online. Easy. … I’m almost too secure. I feel like I probably missed someone important that I’ll find out about (today). It’ll be great.
+Please tell me you didn’t just get all gift cards.
+(Laughs) Oh, no. But I did think about it. I really did this time. I just got my friends cheesy things that I know they wouldn’t buy themselves. That was actually kind of fun. I didn’t hate it. Normally this time of year, I’m stressed out, but I’m actually pretty good.
+No effort is put into buying gift cards for Christmas?
+No! You know what? Gift cards are kind of like for college kids and sometimes kids because I think kids love the idea of going to buy their own stuff. That’s it.
+Are you expecting anything extravagant?
+Hell no! I just got out of a relationship. That would’ve been the only shot at something nice (laughs).
+Wait a minute. It’s over (with actor Steve Kazee)? I thought you would really marry him.
+Oh, no. It just uh… Yeah… (laughs). It didn’t work.
+That doesn’t take away from your idea of still getting married at city hall and having a wedding party does it?
+No. But if anything, I’m further away from even that at this point. It’s funny. Although I will say this: I’m going to write a book at some point on sort of the dating vibe in this town (Los Angeles). It’s hilarious. And by hilarious, I mean depressing. Like, I’m sort of observing it now like wild animals, watching it all happen.
+I’m not a big fan of Los Angeles. I feel like things don’t seem authentic and the dating scene is one of them.
+Yeah, it’s funny. Just watching my friends that are doing it and the different dating apps and all of that, it’s different. I will say that.
+So is it fair to say that you’ll be on Tinder soon?
+No. But I did join one (dating app). It’s called Raya. It’s supposed to be more exclusive, but it’s still pretty bad.
+I challenge you to get on Tinder for one month.
+(Laughs) OK, this is how I look at it. If Raya is, quote unquote, exclusive, and it’s boochie (uptight), Tinder terrifies me.
+Well Tinder is more open because it’s not exclusive, so you could find a great ordinary guy out there who could be good for you.
+Good point. These other ones are not that great, so it can’t be worse.
+Only problem is, people may think it’s a fake profile so you may not get any matches.
+Oh, great, that’s what my self-esteem needs (laughs).
+Guys are going to go crazy when they find out you’re single.
+No, not really (laughs). Not at all actually. But that’s another thing. It’s an L.A. thing. This is not a town where all the dudes love sports necessarily. I don’t need you to love sports 24-7, but I kind of need you to know a little bit and it’s a weird place for that.
+Love sports and love the Spurs, right? That’s the criteria.
+If you’re not going to love the Spurs, just don’t talk smack to me about it. And if you’re going to talk smack to me about it, be funny. That’s it.
+Speaking of the Spurs, did you watch Tim Duncan’s jersey retirement ceremony?
+I did. My brother, my mom and I, we got some L.A. barbecue, which was great. It was just perfect. It was perfect Tim. Everything was good about it. Pop (Gregg Popovich) made me start crying. It’s like watching your dad start crying. I can’t handle that.
+Did you think Popovich gave the best speech?
+It’s almost like we take it for granted that he’s going to say something great. I thought Tony Parker brought the house down. He was pretty funny.
+I said the same thing. People don’t realize how funny he is.
+I know! I thought he killed it. It was well done the way they scheduled everybody. He opened it up, and boom.
+Give me your thoughts on the Spurs so far. Have you watched a fair amount of games to give any early feedback?
+I think the most frustrating thing this season has been the way they slow start a lot of these games. Ultimately, I don’t care. A “W” is a “W.” It’s fine. But I really enjoy watching the bench. I think most of my memories, if I just sat here and vaguely thought of the games so far, the bench has been the standout for me. And the (Davis) Bertans, Milwaukee Bucks fight was hilarious. I just laughed my (butt) off because he looks so nerdy. Like, “Can’t Buy Me Love” nerdy. … It was great.
+Out of all the young guys, who stands out the most?
+I mean, are we counting (Jonathon) Simmons as a young guy?
+Yeah, count Simmons.
+To me, it’s Simmons. I think more and more people are starting to talk about him. I know Jalen’ Rose loves him, but he’s still not a household name yet. But I think he’s been fantastic.
+Do you really think the Spurs can come out of the West?
+I’m not convinced 100 percent that it’s a forgone conclusion. I think there’s a shot, but you say that and then you’ll watch Golden State. … Everybody on that team scores points. Like, it doesn’t matter if two guys go cold because two other guys will just pick it up and go. It’s just so frustrating to watch from an opposing fan’s viewpoint. But I also think what happened in the (NBA) Finals last year was a very humanizing moment for that team. It doesn’t matter how many records you broke or how unstoppable you seem, (stuff) happens. But I’m still happy that the team I love is actually in the conversation because, as you know, at this time of the year, 60 to 70 percent of the teams we’re not even going to think about.
+So nothing concerns you about the Spurs? To me, they haven’t clicked as fast as I thought they would this season.
+Is your concern the (LaMarcus) Aldridge-(Pau) Gasol combo?
+I need to see more Kawhi Leonard-Aldridge clicking as the one-two punch. I think more chemistry needs to be developed with those two. I think both should have 20 or more every game.
+The LaMarcus project has been … well, let’s put it this way: When I talk about the Spurs, or when we talk about the Spurs here at work, we just don’t ever seem to be talking about LaMarcus Aldridge. And if we are, it’s not positively. It’s more of a “Hey, where is he?” or “Why isn’t this working yet?” I agree with you in that sense, that I would’ve hoped by now, Timmy is gone, so whatever it is that you’re going to be should be showing already. And that does concern me a little bit.
+I went back to research what you’ve been up to the last few months and I came across this article. The title was: “Michelle Beadle, ESPN’s female rebel.”
+What!
+Yeah, that’s what it said. It was about a year ago that it was written. So I’m thinking, I wonder if she’s still a rebel or has she calmed down.
+(Laughs) I really don’t know what a rebel is. I mean, I’m not afraid. But I know a lot of females, like the Rachel Nichols (of ESPN) of the world, that aren’t afraid. If that’s rebellious, then I guess. What I have done differently within the last year is I really sort of stopped engaging on social media to the point that I had been. It hit me like a Mack truck that I was spending a lot of energy just addressing angry, hateful humans when, at the end of the day, they don’t matter. They don’t affect my life. They don’t affect my family. They don’t affect my job. I think that was a step I took that I just consciously was like I’m done letting this affect me, me personally and my moods. So that’s really the only thing that’s changed. I still get pissed off. I still express my opinion when I feel I need to. But I never thought of it as a rebellious thing.
+2017 is right around the corner. What’s your goal? What’s your New Year’s resolution?
+Can’t be worse than 2016. Good lord, the world’s gone to hell (laughs). What is my goal? I guess to keep trucking. Ever since I started all of this TV weirdness, I just tried to make each year better than before professionally. So keep doing that. I want to crush this NBA stuff. I want to really make it my thing and I’m so proud to be a part of it. That’s probably the cheesiest thing I’ve ever said out loud (laughs). But with everything else, just try to take a little time. I think all of us sort of get stuck in this rat race and we’re exhausted. I mean, take a vacation or something. I’m not even kidding. The second the Finals are over, I’m going somewhere fabulous. And if I don’t, then I would have considered 2017 a failure.
+jyoung@express-news.net
+Twitter: @JabariJYoung
+Hannah’s Vow
+Chapter 1
+New Mexico Territory, 1895
+The rage burned within him. From betrayal. From abuse. From being locked up in prison for a lifetime. He fed on the rage, clung to it, until rage was his one desperate link to sanity.
+He sat on the cold floor of his underground cell, his knees drawn up, his back pressed against the wall, darkened from the blood of nameless inmates before him. He listened.
+It was happening again.
+Voices. In the middle of the night. Heavy footsteps. The creak of the iron grate opening over one more cell.
+Missing prisoners. Never seen again.
+The rage pulsed inside him. His brain sifted through the muffled sounds. The moans and grunts. The chink of ankle chains from one more victim dragged away. Foreboding settled over him. Black and ominous.
+He could be next.
+A grate whined on its hinges, then clanged shut. Silence fell. A grim, gruesome silence.
+The cell closed in on him. Lack of ventilation, his own sweat and filth, choked the air in his lungs.
+He stared up at the grate, nine feet above. Unreachable. He fought the claws of despair, refused to give into its mastery.
+Instead, he nurtured the rage, stoked it, kept it pulsating inside him.
+He’d find a way to escape. Or die trying.
+#
+Christmas Eve, One Week Later
+Their song filled the monastery chapel with a reverence that rivaled the seraphim, and for each of the eighteen good Sisters kneeling in the pews, the words came from deep within their hearts, pure and fervent.
+But none more so than Hannah Benning’s. She had much to thank God for, and even more to ask of Him, and thus she sang the Latin hymn with all the piety she could muster.
+She was trying very hard. It had not been in her at first to pray like this, almost all day every day, to sing and be meek and silent to those around her, but it suited her now. She would live this life forever. She had to, for Pa’s sake.
+“Te Deum Laudamus,” the ancient hymn of praise and thanksgiving, ended. The chapel plunged into complete darkness. Hannah closed her eyes and savored the silence.
+The midnight Office was her favorite of the Vespers. The most dramatic. A fitting welcome to the new day when once she’d been afraid of the dawn. But she wasn’t afraid anymore. She was safe here as a newly-vowed novitiate, loved and protected.
+But safe, most of all.
+Sister Evangeline nudged her gently, and Hannah’s eyes opened. Mother Superior emerged from the vestibule carrying the Paschal candle. She held its flame high, and guided by the flickering light, strode solemnly down the length of the chapel to the altar. She enshrined the candle and lit a smaller one, then turned toward the front pew, passing the flame to each Sister holding candles of their own. Soon, the chapel glowed with golden candlelight, with the joy of prayer and peace, and the air filled with their lyrical voices, praising and rejoicing the glorious season of Advent, the birth of the Christ Child.
+Too soon, the ritual ended. Hannah tried not to think of Christmas, her first without Pa, but instead blew out her candle and left the pew. Her knee touched the cold stone floor in a deep genuflect. She crossed herself and stood to leave.
+Mother Superior led the Sisters in silent formation from the chapel, their single line practiced, perfect. The block walls, bare from adornment except for a simple crucifix, cast a chill into the dim hall, and Hannah shivered beneath her brown wool habit.
+The corridor angled past the main door to the monastery and wound toward the Sisters’ sleeping quarters. Over the hushed shuffle of sandal soles, the outside bell tolled unexpectedly, sending a startled ripple through the women. The toll announced someone at the gate; an oddity, for the clock had not yet chimed the first hour of the new morning. Hannah exchanged a puzzled glance with Sister Evangeline.
+The tolling grew more forceful. The iron gate rattled. The bell clanged again and again.
+Mother Superior pushed aside the muslin curtain covering the window. “It’s Father Donovan.” She made the Sign of the Cross. “Thank our Lord he is safe. He should have been here hours ago.”
+She lifted the latch and tugged the door open. Cold air drifted inward. The clanging stopped, and she rushed outside. The gate squeaked, and within moments, she reappeared with the priest, aged well into his fifties and breathing heavily from his exertions.
+Black robes flared about his ankles; a knotted rope wound about his plump waist. The wisps of hair remaining on his balding pate stood in wild disarray.
+His arms were laden with baskets filled with fresh-baked bread and jars of preserves, holiday gifts for the less fortunate. Hannah herself had helped fill them. He set the baskets aside.
+“Forgive me for my tardiness, but-.” He paused to catch his breath. A ruddiness colored his cheeks.
+“Slow down, Father. Has Lucifer been chasing you?” Mother Superior’s eyes crinkled, and she patted the priest’s arm.
+“Lucifer has no time for me, it seems,” he said. He cast a hesitant glance toward the sisters, their perfect line hopelessly gone awry in their curiosity. “He’s been busy elsewhere.”
+Her humor gone, the abbess frowned. “What are you talking about?”
+“It’s the prison. Something is wrong. Graves are being dug. Now. At this very hour. Too many to count.”
+“Graves?”
+“I first noticed them on my way to deliver our baskets,” he said. “The sight troubled me, and I had to return for a second look.” He shook his head in puzzlement. “More graves have been added. I knew I must come back for help.” He emitted a slight moan of dismay. “I can’t help feeling the warden has engaged in some form of illicit behavior.”
+The abbess pursed her lips. “Warden Briggs has a heart of stone, it’s true, but I can’t imagine him doing anything that would jeopardize his position at the prison. Surely the inmates suffer from an ailment. Influenza or stomach poisoning, perhaps. The food served there is atrocious.”
+“If it were a treatable illness, what wasn’t a doctor called? Or me? And why the secrecy? Lord help us, digging graves at midnight!”
+“You must go back, then.” Mother Superior’s decisive tone indicated Father Donovan had convinced her of the seriousness of the situation. “Those men deserve our prayers and compassion. And the Last Rites, if nothing else.”
+“Yes, yes. I quite agree.” He skimmed a glance over the group. “Sister Evangeline, you have an understanding of medicine. I’d like you to accompany us. Bring what medical supplies you have.”
+“Yes, Father.” As if he had only suggested a stroll through the garden instead of an uninvited late-night visit to the notorious penitentiary, the young nun lowered her wimpled head without argument. She was Hannah’s age, in her twentieth year, and Hannah marveled at her obedience.
+“I’ll fetch my prayer book and holy water,” he said. “I’ll be but a moment.”
+After he left, Mother Superior turned toward the group of nuns. “We shall return to the chapel to offer more prayers this hour. Sister Mary Margaret, begin the rosary, won’t you? I shall join you shortly. Hannah, I’d like a word with you.”
+Hannah halted in mid-step. Sandaled feet scurried toward the chapel amidst a clatter of rosary beads, leaving her behind and wary of what the abbess might ask of her.
+“Sister Evangeline, you’d best fetch a cloak,” Mother Superior suggested. “And please fetch an extra one, as well.”
+“Yes, Mother,” she said and departed toward the sleeping quarters.
+In the dimness of the hall, Hannah waited with her gaze to the stone floor.
+“Sister Evangeline cannot go alone to the penitentiary, even with Father Donovan as her escort. I would like you to accompany her, Hannah.”
+Hannah’s eyes widened, and her head lifted. “But, Mother–.”
+“Hear me out, my child.” Though they spoke in hushed tones, firmness laced every word. “You have not left the monastery since you joined us. This is an opportunity, a test of sorts, to help others in need and to assure us of your calling.”
+In the low, even voice she had learned to emulate, Hannah dared to protest. “There are other novitiates far more worthy than I to do this kindness at the penitentiary. I-I am not ready.”
+“There is no other better suited.” The abbess hesitated. “Your past has prepared you for this act of mercy. You have been-shall we say-hardened for what you will see there.”
+“Mother, I seek only to forget.”
+“You are not here to avoid the world, my child. You are here to embrace it, to pray for others and help them when they cannot help themselves.”
+Dread draped Hannah like a suffocating blanket. “Please. I ask for only a little more time.”
+A gentle smile hovered upon Mother Superior’s mouth. “You have taken the name Sister Ariel. ‘Lioness of God.’ When you speak your final vows, you will no longer be Hannah, but Ariel. A lioness. Strong and proud.” The smile deepened, as if she approved of what Hannah must face. “Tonight will be a chance for you to learn if you are worthy of such a beautiful name.”
+Miserable, Hannah lowered her gaze. “Yes, Mother.”
+A slender finger tilted her chin up again. “You will be safe with Father Donovan and Sister Evangeline. Try not to worry so. Warden Briggs, for all his sinful ways, will not harm you. He is like the devil who withers in front of Jesus’ Cross.”
+The softly spoken words did little to salve Hannah’s apprehension. With Father Donovan at her heels, Sister Evangeline hurried toward them and thrust a wool cloak into Hannah’s hands. Silently, she slipped into its folds.
+“Take the baskets,” the abbess urged. “The men will need decent food to eat as well as our prayers.”
+“Of course,” the priest said, taking one and handing another to Sister Evangeline. He left the last of them for Hannah. “We will return as soon as we can,” he said and hurried outside.
+The abbess’ head inclined in a deep nod. “God be with you all.”
+For the briefest of seconds, Hannah met her glance. Beneath the starched wimple, the abbess’ smile faded, and concern creased her brow. Sister Evangeline stepped out into the night’s chill. Hannah swallowed hard, slipped the basket’s handle over her arm and followed.
+With the clang of the iron gate echoing throughout the hall, Mother Superior clutched her rosary beads and began to pray.
+#
+The New Mexico Territorial Prison loomed like a black monster on the horizon. Darkness enshrouded the grim structure; the air hung heavy with the scent of death, and the grisly silence sent shivers of unease down Hannah’s spine.
+She had not thought she’d be near such a place again in her lifetime, and yet fate had thrown her back when she’d sought only to escape, to leave the memories of a life peppered with evil behind. She did not want this ‘test’ of her calling. She did not want the uncertainties of the next minute or hour to keep her from the haven she’d needed in recent months. She stared hard at the imposing penitentiary. No, she did not want this.
+Too many times Pa had dragged her with him into escapades not so different from this one. In the end, she had survived when he had not. It had cost her dearly, and just thinking of what laid ahead clogged her throat with the bitter taste of an ugly premonition.
+The carriage drew closer, the wheels growling over the rocky ground in warning of their approach. But it seemed their arrival went undetected. The rig rolled to a stop.
+“See them? Over there.” Father Donovan pointed to a far corner of the penitentiary grounds. There, on a rise of land, mounds of earth took the shape of newly-dug graves. In the meager spray of moonlight, Hannah deciphered an assortment of shovels and spades strewn about, as if the time had not come to put them away, that they would be needed again soon. She gripped the plain wooden cross hanging from her neck and shuddered.
+“The burial place is not easily seen from any road,” she murmured.
+“Odd the warden would go to such lengths, don’t you think, Father?” Sister Evangeline asked.
+“Yes. Definitely so.” Abruptly, he crossed himself. “May God have mercy on all we find here.” He sat up straighter. “Let’s hear what the warden has to say about those graves.”
+Hannah exchanged a troubled glance with Sister Evangeline. She chafed at what laid ahead, but the meek obedience Mother Superior had instilled in her forbade the protests she longed to make.
+With a slap of the reins, the priest urged the team of horses into a wide circle, and, after a short drive, brought the carriage to a stop at the front entrance of the penitentiary. After setting the brake, he jumped down and offered Hannah his hand. She was grateful; she feared the queasiness in her belly had turned her knees to mush.
+After dismounting, Sister Evangeline huddled beside her. “The men harbored here have the blackest of souls, Hannah.”
+“Yes,” she said and tilted her head back to peruse the front of the prison, two stories high, harsh and unyielding. She knew the brand of men locked inside. The swiftness of the knowledge, the clarity of the memory, surprised her. Hannah hooked her arm with Sister Evangeline’s and squeezed. “We must have faith.”
+Father Donovan knocked once, twice. They stood on the top step and waited. After the third knock, the thick door jerked open, and a uniformed guard appeared.
+“Who goes there?” he demanded, squinting into the darkness. He lifted the kerosene lamp in his hand higher. A badge emblazoned with name “Titus” was pinned on his chest. He ran a sharp glance over them.
+“Father Donovan, sir. We must speak with the warden. Immediately.”
+“Briggs? What for?” A jagged scar slashed his cheek. His eyes narrowed in suspicion of the baskets.
+“We have gifts for the men. But more importantly, there’s a matter that concerns us.”
+The guard grunted. His gaze darted behind them, in the direction of the graveyard, then back again.
+“He’s busy,” he snapped and moved to slam the door closed.
+In a bold move, the priest’s arm shot out and held it open. “We insist.”
+“Oh, do you now?”
+“We’ll not leave until we speak with him. Only a few questions, if you please.”
+“Yeah?” Titus seemed skeptical. “Briggs ain’t gonna like bein’ interrupted.”
+“Something is amiss here. An illness?” the priest demanded. “Perhaps it is treatable. We want to help. Nothing more.”
+The guard glared.
+“Do you truly want the deaths of more men on your conscience?” the priest asked, pulling no punches about the penitentiary’s secret. “Who knows? Maybe you will be next. Have you thought of that?”
+The taunt hit its mark. The guard swore and yanked the door open wider. “He’s in the infirmary. If’n Briggs asks, it wasn’t me who let you in, y’hear?”
+“God bless you.” The priest bustled inside. “God bless you, indeed.”
+Sister Evangeline scuttled in after him. Hannah hurried to follow, but Titus’ large hand clasped her elbow, forbidding her to take another step.
+“Well, look-ey here,” he drawled. “Reckon we ain’t never had no Ladies of the Cloth in here before.” He raked her with a lecherous glance, his scarred cheek quivering, his words floating toward her on puffs of stale breath. “Hell, we ain’t never had no ladies at all.”
+Hannah’s stomach churned. Father Donovan hastily pushed the guard’s hand away. “I insist upon respect for the Sisters while we are within the confines of this penitentiary. They are here to do God’s work. If any insults are delivered, deliver them to me instead.”
+Titus chuckled. “Reckon I don’t find you as appealin’.” But he released Hannah’s elbow and stepped back, allowing her to pass.
+Sister Evangeline’s arm locked with hers. Hannah clung tightly and drew in a slow breath.
+With a confidence that bespoke his convictions, the priest led the way. Hannah took a measure of comfort in his presence. They were safe enough. Mother Superior had promised, and if there was little else Hannah had learned in her time in the monastery, it was Mother Superior never lied.
+#
+They plunged into the deepest bowels of the penitentiary.
+A clinging, choking stench reached them from within a deserted hall, a mixture of sickness and filth and despair, and Hannah fought to keep from gagging. From the depths of the shadows, someone moaned. In others, a man wept. A damp mustiness chilled the air, and Hannah was certain there’d never been a place more miserable than this.
+Sister Evangeline kept the front of her cloak pressed to her nose, her gaze darting furtively to the dark corners. Father Donovan appeared less affected. Clearly, he’d known what to expect. His brisk stride slowed.
+“Here is where the men sleep,” he said quietly, pointing toward the floor. “In cells beneath the ground. One after another. See them? Nothing more than archaic dungeons.” He clucked his tongue. “An abomination.”
+“God have mercy,” Hannah murmured.
+Keeping her skirts snug about her, she peered downward at an iron grate, two feet square, nestled in the wooden floor. No light shown through the grate, only a dank and wretched darkness, and an eerie silence from within.
+“The men are lowered into their cells by ladders,” he continued, his tone hushed. “Once inside, the guards remove them until it’s time to let the men out again in the morning.”
+She scrutinized the orifice. “Has the warden no compassion?”
+“Very little, Hannah.”
+“There’s no light. No fresh air!”
+“The cells are primitive, with packed earth floors and damp walls to let the cold in. They’re the warden’s version of solitary confinement, an experiment he’s–.”
+“Hey!” A man’s shout leapt upward from the grate. A loud clatter, a solid object hurled against the iron, startled Hannah out of her wits.
+She jumped back with a squeal.
+The priest grabbed for her. “Who’s up there? Hey! A woman? Let me outta here, honey!”
+Father Donovan dragged Hannah away from the cells.
+“Forgive me,” he rasped, his hold on her revealing he was as shaken as she. “I should have taken more care. Sweet heaven, let’s hope he doesn’t incite a riot.”
+Hannah pressed a hand to her thudding heart and strove to regain her composure.
+“The infirmary is just around the corner. We’re almost there,” he continued and drew a calming breath. “Are you all right, Hannah?” At her nod, he patted her shoulder. “The men can do us no harm while in their cells. Rest assured on that.”
+“I’m fine, Father. Truly,” she said and adjusted her wimple on a wave of dismay. She had acted like a frightened rabbit. Where was her courage?
+“Come, then. Let’s hope the warden is in a talkative mood.”
+#
+A woman.
+Her voice reached him through the darkness. The silken sound filtered down from the grate over his cell. Drifted over him. Surrounded him.
+He strained to hear more. Words of concern, soft, edged in velvet. And then, from the cell next to him, Sol hurling something at the grate, scaring her away.
+The silence returned. He sat very still, waiting, his mind working, always working.
+Outsiders.
+They knew about the graves. That’s why they were here.
+Sol began the code, the tap of his chains, one link against another, spreading the news of a woman in the house. Down the line of cells, the inmates picked up the rhythm, and the tapping grew louder.
+But he didn’t take part.
+Not this time.
+He would use her, this woman.
+His fingers found the weakened link holding his own length of chains, the one he’d been saving for just this moment. The muscles in his arms tightened, and the link inched apart, the chains gave way, and he was free.
+The tapping increased in intensity, a smokescreen for what he was about to do. He crawled to the darkest corner of his cell and clawed at the dirt, softened from the rest of the floor. He withdrew the pair of broom handles, tied together with strips of cloth, and tested their strength.
+He stood and studied the grate above him, knowing the handles would reach, that the chinks he’d made in the earthen walls provided the toeholds he’d need to climb up.
+And out.
+The woman.
+Hannah.
+She was his only chance.
+My wife, Jeannette, and I know something about making do with a little. When we came down to Dallas to attend seminary, we had one child and another on the way. My income covered about half of our expenses for the month. During those days, the Lord provided for us in some very interesting ways. We purchased a small freezer from a friend for $15. The freezer contained venison, which supplied meat for several months. Then, we received a call from a meat packing company, informing us that our “order” was ready to be picked up. We informed the person who called us that we had not ordered any meat. We were told that the meat had been ordered in our name, and was already paid for, and that all we had to do was to pick it up.
+Perhaps the most exciting provision was through a seminary student friend who worked at a local dairy. He could take home all the “out of code date” ice cream he could carry. There was nothing wrong with the ice cream; it just could not be sold any longer. And so this fellow literally brought us home cardboard boxes of ice cream, which we kept in our small freezer. During those days, we became connoisseurs of ice cream, so much so that we asked him not to bring us any more “Banana Brazil Nut” ice cream. There were a few times when ice cream may have been the main course, but you would never have heard us complain about that.
+Compared to others, Jeannette and I can hardly claim to have gone through “hard times.” Some of you have probably seen much worse times than this. But I doubt that any of us has experienced the kind of hard times that we read about in 2 Kings 6:24–7:20. In this text, the city of Samaria is under siege, and food supplies have run so short that things that are abhorrent to us were sold as food at a premium price. Worse yet, some even practiced cannibalism. These were terrible days for the people of Israel, and yet God miraculously came to their aid. While these events happened to people who lived long ago and far away, our text teaches us lessons that apply to us in our own times. Let us listen well, then, and look to the Spirit of God to guide us in our study of this portion of His Word.
+24 Later Ben Hadad king of Syria assembled his entire army and attacked and besieged Samaria. 25 Samaria’s food supply ran out. They lay siege to it so long that a donkey’s head was selling for 80 shekels of silver and a quarter of a kab of dove’s manure for five shekels of silver.
+26 While the king of Israel was passing by on the city wall, a woman yelled to him, “Help us, my master, O king!” 27 He replied, “No, let the LORD help you. How can I help you? The threshing floor and winepress are empty.” 28 Then the king asked her, “What’s your problem?” She answered, “This woman said to me, ‘Hand over your son, we’ll eat him today and then eat my son tomorrow.’ 29 So we boiled my son and ate him. Then I said to her the next day, ‘Hand over your son and we’ll eat him.’ But she hid her son.” 30 When the king heard what the woman said, he tore his clothes. As he was passing by on the wall, the people could see he was wearing sackcloth under his clothes. 31 Then he said, “May the LORD judge me severely if Elisha son of Shaphat still has his head by the end of the day.”
+As you can see, there appears to be a contradiction between verses 23 and 24. In verse 23 we read:
+So he threw a big banquet for them and they ate and drank. Then he sent them back to their master. After that no Syrian raiding parties again invaded the land of Israel (emphasis mine).
+But then in the very next verse we read: “Later Ben Hadad king of Syria assembled his entire army and attacked and besieged Samaria” (verse 24, emphasis mine).
+Verse 23 seems to say that after the Syrian soldiers are fed and sent home, there is no more conflict between Syria and Israel. And yet in the very next verse (24), we read that the Syrian army besieges the Israelite city of Samaria. Is there a contradiction here? How do we explain verse 24 in the light of verse 23? We should begin by noting that if this were a problem, surely the author would have been just as aware of it as his readers. And if his words were to cause anyone to doubt the reliability of his account, then surely the author would have avoided saying what he has, or at least taken the effort to minimize the apparent contradiction.
+Several observations may help us with the meaning of the author’s words in these two verses. First, we should take note that in verse 23, the author refers to the Syrian fighting forces as “raiding parties,” while in verse 24 he speaks of Ben Hadad’s “entire army.” I believe this difference in terminology alone would be sufficient to answer the charge that there is a contradiction in our text. The Syrians did cease employing raiding parties to attack Israel (verse 23). We never read of raiding parties again. But the Syrians did attack Israel again, this time with their entire army.
+A second observation is that when we come to verse 24, some time has elapsed since the events referred to in verse 23. The events of verse 24 occur “later” (NET Bible; “after this,” KJV, NKJV, NAU; “some time later,” NIV) than the events of verse 23 and earlier.
+A third observation is that the expression which is used here does not always imply that whatever action is terminated has ceased permanently. As I look at the passages which employ the expression used in our text (or one that is similar), I see an emphasis on the cessation of some action, rather than on the permanence of that cessation. For example, in 1 Samuel 7:13 we read, “So the Philistines were subdued; they did not again approach the border of Israel. The hand of the LORD was against the Philistines all the days of Samuel.”
+We know, of course, that the Philistines most certainly did “approach the border of Israel” later on in Israel’s history. The author is informing us that after Israel’s decisive victory over the Philistines, they ceased hostilities against Israel during Samuel’s lifetime. Afterward, the Philistines will once again attack Israel (1 Samuel 9:16; 13:3ff.; 14:11ff.). It was David’s slaying of the Philistine, Goliath, which commenced his rise to fame and position (1 Samuel 17:1ff.). And so we see that the cessation of hostilities referred to in 1 Samuel 7:13 is to be understood as something other than a permanent cessation of all hostilities between Syria and Israel.126 I believe the same is true in our text. Thus, Elisha’s single-handed victory over the Syrian army brought about the cessation of the surprise attacks which the marauding bands of Syrians had been carrying out, but in due time, Ben Hadad resumed hostilities, this time by assembling the entire army with which he surrounded the city of Samaria.
+Ben Hadad’s strategy was very effective. It focused all of Syria’s forces on one city, Samaria, the capital city of Israel. Inside Samaria was the king of Israel and all of the elders of the city. This would be something like laying siege to Washington, D.C.. Hardly a shot had to be fired. No one dared to leave the city, just as no one dared to attempt to enter it. This meant that the city was cut off from all its necessities. Our text does not indicate to us whether or not there was a shortage of water in the city. What is very clear is that the city is virtually out of food.
+Our passage is a textbook illustration of the principle of “supply and demand.” Food of any kind is now in very short supply. As a result, the demand is great, and the price of food inside the city has skyrocketed. A donkey’s head, we are told, sold for 80 shekels of silver, while a 1/4 pint of dove’s dung127 sold for five shekels of silver. It is one thing to pay a high price for a good cut of meat, or even for some staple like potatoes, but eating any portion of a donkey appears to be forbidden by Israelite food law.128 Certainly dove droppings would not have been considered “clean” either. These things were so offensive that it would hardly have been necessary to ban them as food for an Israelite. Supplies were so scarce that such “foods” as these were almost considered a delicacy. In those desperate days, no husband came home and greeted his wife with the words, “Honey, what’s for dinner tonight?” If he did, his wife would probably have asked, “Heads (as in donkey head), or tails (dove droppings)?”
+As distasteful as donkey head or dove droppings may be, these are nothing compared to the meal that two women shared. Even a man as wicked as the king of Israel was shocked when he heard what they had done. One of the women saw the king as he was walking by on the wall of the city. She cried out to him, begging him for help.129 As I read the king’s response to this woman, I get the feeling that the king is not only frustrated, but he is also very angry. His words are very significant. In effect, he tells the woman not to cry out to him for help, but to God. It is almost as though he said, “Don’t ask me for food; that’s God’s job. He’s responsible for the production of food; I’m only responsible for its distribution.”
+God is graciously reminding the king of Israel of a most important fact: he is not God; God is. Do you remember how the king of Israel responded when Naaman showed up, letter in hand, asking that he see to it that Naaman was healed? “Am I God? Can I kill or restore life? Why does he ask me to cure a man of his skin disease?” (2 Kings 5:7).
+The sad fact is that kings often suffered from what we might call the “God complex.” They had great power and authority, and they sometimes needed to be reminded that God alone is truly sovereign. This was a lesson that Nebuchadnezzar learned the hard way (see Daniel 4). The king of Israel had been asked to do things that only God can do, which forces him to acknowledge that he is a mere man, and not God, and that only God can do what has been requested. We should also consider the fact that it is not just kings who suffer from the “God complex,” but anyone who becomes too impressed with their position and power.
+The woman who pled to the king for help now explains her dilemma. Thinking they were about to starve, she and another woman made an agreement. This woman agreed to kill her son and to make a meal of him, which she would share with another woman. The other woman promised that they would eat her son the next day. But the next day she learned that the other woman had hid her son. The mother who had sacrificed her son does not spell out what she wants from the king, other than his “help.” Does she want the king to force the other woman to produce her son, but is afraid to say it? Does she want the king to become a party to such a horrendous sin as the sacrifice of a child for a meal?
+The king is horrified and incensed. You would think that he would have been angry with this woman, for the terrible sin she had committed. The heathen sacrificed their children to pagan gods, but even they did not eat them, so far as I am aware. Here is a mother who would not lay down her life for her child, but took her child’s life to spare her own. Why was the king not angry with her? Why did he not seek to punish her? Instead, the king vented his wrath on Elisha: “Then he said, ‘May the LORD judge me severely if Elisha son of Shaphat still has his head by the end of the day’” (2 Kings 6:31).
+The king did not seem to grasp or accept the fact that all of this was happening because of Israel’s sin, but centuries earlier Moses had prophesied that these things would take place when Israel disregarded and disobeyed His law. He spoke of defeat by foreign armies, of hunger, and even of cannibalism. For example, we read these words:. 49 The LORD will raise up against you a distant nation, one from the other side of the earth as the eagle flies, a nation whose language you will not understand, 50 one of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly nor consideration of the young. 51 It will devour the offspring of your cattle and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed; it will not leave you with grain, new wine, olive oil, increase of herds, or growth of flocks until it has demolished you. 52 It will besiege all of your villages until all of your high and fortified walls collapse, those in which you put your confidence throughout the land.. 54 The man among you who is by nature tender and very sensitive will look with evil upon his brother, his beloved wife, and his remaining children 55 and will withhold from all of them his children’s flesh that he will eat, there being none left, because of the bitter siege with which your enemy will oppress you in your villages. 56 Likewise, the most tender and delicate of your women, who would never think of even putting the sole of their foot on the ground because of their daintiness, will turn against their beloved husbands, their sons and daughters, 57 their afterbirth, and their newborn children, for they will eat them secretly in their need because of the severe siege which your enemy will impose upon you in your villages” (Deuteronomy 28:47-57).
+The people of Samaria were getting just what they deserved. No doubt Elisha told them so, but they did not heed his rebuke—and neither did the king of Israel. As he walked along the wall, people who looked up could see that under his clothing the king wore sackcloth. Sackcloth was to be worn as a public sign of mourning and repentance (see Jonah 3:5-9), yet it certainly does not appear that the king was truly repentant. He does not wear his sackcloth openly. We read of no repentance on his part. And, instead of heeding God’s word and honoring Elisha, His prophet, the king issues an order for Elisha to be killed. “May the LORD judge me severely if Elisha son of Shaphat still has his head by the end of the day” (2 Kings 6:31).
+Like Herod centuries later, who orders that the head of John the Baptist be cut off (Matthew 14:8-10), the king of Israel swears that the day will not pass before Elisha’s head is cut off.
+The king of Israel also sounds a great deal like his mother, Jezebel, and Ben Hadad, king of Syria:
+Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah with this warning, “May the gods130 judge me severely if by this time tomorrow I do not take your life as you did theirs” (1 Kings 19:2).
+Ben Hadad sent another message to him, “May the gods judge me severely if there is enough dirt left in Samaria for my soldiers to scoop up in their hands” (1 Kings 20:10).
+One has to wonder why the king of Israel is so angry with Elisha, when he is God’s prophet. I believe that it is precisely because Elisha is God’s prophet. I am assuming that as God’s prophet, Elisha predicted this siege and its outcome. The king’s messenger seems to have said as much:
+He [Elisha] was still talking to them when the messenger approached and said, “Look, the LORD is responsible for this disaster. Why should I continue to wait for the LORD to help?” (2 Kings 6:33).
+These words imply that just as Elisha predicted this crisis, so he also promised that God would deliver Israel from the Syrians and starvation. Why else would the servant say it was futile to wait any longer “for the LORD to help”?
+The king of Israel seeks to kill Elisha just as Elijah before him was sought by the king. In both instances, the king wants to put God’s prophet to death for speaking the word of the LORD. Unbelievers do not wish to hear a word from God, and they certainly do not wish to hear what He has to say to them about their sin and their need to repent. Our Lord Jesus was the ultimate spokesman for God the Father (Hebrews 1:1-4), and yet He and His message were rejected (John 1:9-11). They wanted to kill Him, just as the Jews sought to kill the prophets who came before Him (Matthew 5:12; 12:31; Acts 3:14).
+My good friend, Bobbie Harmon, was discussing this text with my wife, Jeannette, and me this past week, and she made this insightful remark: “It reminds me of the Tribulation.” I think she’s absolutely right. Those who would speak for God today may suffer rejection and persecution, but in the very difficult days of the Tribulation, those who trust in God will experience great persecution. Those who hate God take it out on those who love Him. This is seen at the beginning of man’s existence on earth, when Cain killed his brother Abel (Genesis 4:1-15), and it has been going on ever since. Christians should be prepared for opposition from those who are in rebellion against God, and who do not want to hear the “word of the Lord.”
+32.”131 33 He was still talking to them when the messenger approached and said, “Look, the LORD is responsible for this disaster. Why should I continue to wait for the LORD to help?”.”
+We should note that on this occasion Elisha is not hiding out somewhere in the wilderness; he is dwelling in the city of Samaria. This means that he, too, was suffering from a lack of food, just as the others in Samaria were hungry. Elisha was sitting in the house where he lived, and with him were the elders of the city of Samaria. We would hardly expect this, unless these men had come to accept Elisha as God’s prophet. It would therefore appear that the king was acting without the support of the leaders of the city, and indeed was in opposition to them.
+Elisha was a prophet, a “seer.” He knew the secret plans that Ben Hadad made in secret (see 2 Kings 6:12). He “saw” his servant Gehazi take a gift from Naaman (2 Kings 5:26). And now, Elisha knows that a messenger is on his way from the king, to cut off his head. Elisha informs the city leaders who are with him and instructs them not to let this man enter when he arrives. For whatever reason, the man did gain entrance. He expresses the thoughts of the king of Israel who had sent him to kill Elisha. If Elisha had prophesied that disaster would come to Samaria, it has surely come. But if he also promised deliverance, that had not yet come, and many doubted that it ever would. The king of Israel—and therefore his servant as well—was not willing to wait any longer. He was going to have Elisha’s head for this.
+Elisha had further revelation from God on this matter of a divine deliverance, which he now declares to the king’s servant:
+“Hear the word of the LORD! This is what the LORD says, ‘About this time tomorrow a seah of finely milled flour will sell for a shekel and two seahs of barley for a shekel at the gate of Samaria’” (2 Kings 7:1b)
+Within 24 hours, Elisha declares, God will completely reverse the deplorable conditions in the city of Samaria. Supplies will be plentiful, and thus the price for food will be very reasonable. There will be both barley and fine wheat flour, which will be sold for an unbelievably low price the very next day.
+I realize that many of the translations render verse 2 as though the “opening of heaven’s windows” were the promise of coming rains. I’m not convinced that this is necessarily the case. In Genesis 7:11 and 8:2, the “windows of heaven are opened,” and the rains certainly come flooding down upon the earth. In Malachi 3:10, the “windows of heaven” open, but with blessings, not just with rain. In Isaiah 24:18, the “windows of heaven” are opened in judgment (not unlike Genesis 7 and 8). When God “opens the windows of heaven,” something is going to come down to the earth, but I’m not so sure that it is always rain.
+In the context of 2 Kings 7:2, it would hardly seem that the king’s servant is speaking of rain. Rain would not produce the immediate bounty of grain that Elisha has promised. In our text, we are not told that the food shortages are due to drought, but rather are due to the siege. What Elisha promises includes freedom from the Syrian blockade (so that food can be brought into Samaria, or so that Samaritans can go out to get food), and a vast supply of grain close at hand. The servant’s words indicate that even if God were to open the windows of heaven and literally pour out grain, there is no way that the prophecy of Elisha could be fulfilled that soon. God’s ability to provide for the people of Samaria vastly exceeds the servant’s imagination.
+Elisha responds to the unbelief of the king’s servant. He assures the servant that the prophecy of a bounty of grain within 24 hours will be fulfilled. He also informs the servant that due to his unbelief, he will not participate in the benefits. He will see the fulfillment, but not taste of it. Graciously, perhaps, Elisha does not tell the man why he will not eat any of this grain. Once again, it would seem that God delights in creating seemingly impossible situations, so that His power might be displayed.
+3 Now four men with a skin disease were sitting at the entrance of the gate. When the people rushed out, they trampled him to death in the gate. This fulfilled the prophet’s word that he had spoken when the king tried to arrest him. 18 The prophet told the king, “Two seahs of barley will sell for a shekel, and a seah of finely milled flour for a seah; gate.
+When I was in college, a professor made two speaker enclosures for me, which became a part of my stereo system. I have to confess that when Jeannette was not in the house I would turn up the stereo until the dishes rattled in the cupboards. Today, young people drive around with their radios so loud you can hear them coming for blocks. Moviemakers boast of the quality of their sound track, and theaters work to have the finest sound system available.
+A good sound system is one that reproduces sounds as close to the original sounds as possible. I assure you that no sound system has ever been built that could compete with the “life-like sounds” that were produced outside of Samaria during the Syrian siege of that city. What the Syrian soldiers heard was so realistic that it sent the entire army into a panic. They did not attempt to retreat; instead, every man ran for his life.
+When I was in Indonesia recently, the nation was in the midst of their election of a president and vice president. Things were a little tense for a while, and there were armed troops stationed very visibly throughout the city of Jakarta. On the day of the elections, some violence had broken out, and the soldiers portrayed a fierce readiness with some very intimidating weapons. They expected trouble, and they wanted everyone to know that they were ready to deal with it. But for several weeks prior to this, the military was just making its presence known. I did not see an impressive display of weapons or of fierce resolve. As one of the large trucks rolled by, carrying around 20 soldiers, I could not help but smile as I saw one soldier, sitting on the tailgate of the truck, playing his guitar. I think the others were singing.
+I suspect that this was very much the way it was in the Syrian camp at this point in the siege. The Syrian forces would hardly have been on alert, and they may have become downright sloppy about maintaining a state of readiness. After all, their forces greatly outnumbered any army that the king of Israel might be able to muster. They had successfully surrounded Samaria, creating a virtual stranglehold on the city. The siege had gone on for months, without resistance. All the Syrian army had to do was to wait. Either the people of Samaria would starve to death, or they would surrender. They were in no condition to fight.
+Whether it was late in the evening or very early in the morning, God terrorized the Syrian soldiers in the twilight hours.132 This gave them just enough light to escape, but not enough light to fully see what was happening. It would have been something like listening to the old radio program, “The Shadow,” in the dark. It was an auditory experience unlike anything anyone has ever heard, before or since. We know that the horses were unhitched (from the chariots), or unsaddled, and secured for the night (2 Kings 7:10). The Syrians were probably asleep when the terrifying sounds occurred. They all heard the sounds of a massive armed force approaching and very near the camp. They had heard sounds like this before, as they advanced upon their enemies. But the volume and intensity of the sounds convinced them that the approaching army was even greater than theirs. The only army this large was that of the Egyptians, or the Hittites, or perhaps even both!
+There was no opportunity to calmly assess the situation and organize a response. There was no time to think. There was not even time to get dressed, to put on one’s armor, or to hitch up the horses. Everyone panicked and ran for their lives. In my mind’s eye, I see the Syrians terrified by the thought of a massive army and of a great slaughter. They scattered into the night in their undergarments. Who would take the time to get dressed? This is where some of the clothing came from that was left behind (7:8). And so the Syrians flee, without food, without much clothing, and most likely without their weapons. It must have been a long, hard journey home. And for those who did arrive home in Syria, there would have been a lot of explaining to do. But to deliver the people of Samaria from the Syrians and from starvation, God orchestrated all of this.
+The first to taste of God’s provisions were four lepers. These men were outcasts, who were not allowed inside the city of Samaria. They were most likely beggars. You can imagine how much success they would have had asking for alms in these difficult times. They were in a desperate situation, and so they decided to take desperate measures. They knew there was no food in Samaria. They assumed that there was plenty of food in the Syrian camp. And so they agreed to go to the Syrians and beg for mercy. If the Syrians killed them, they would simply die a little sooner, and perhaps more mercifully than by starvation. But if the Syrians took pity on them, then they might continue to live. None of these lepers anticipated what did happen. I think that we can safely conclude that none of them acted in true faith. This was a gamble they were willing to take because they believed they had nothing to lose. And remember that seeking refuge in the camp of the Syrians was to become a traitor to Israel.
+Put yourself in the sandals of one of these men for a moment, and live out the drama of that moment. As they approach the Syrian camp, they see the tents from a distance. As they get nearer, they see the horses, still tied up, but they do not see so much as one Syrian. They must have made their way into the camp with fear and trembling. (I am tempted to think that the campfires were burning, with breakfast still cooking on the fire.) One of them works up the courage to pull back the flap of one of the tents, but no one is inside. They look in one tent and then another, but there is not one person in the entire camp! The tents are not empty, however. Inside each tent is great treasure—food, clothing, money, and the spoils of war. The supply tents are full of grain and other food. These lepers have struck it rich.
+The first inclination of these four men is to gather up all the treasure they can find and to hide it. When I was young, my family used to go wild blackberry picking. These delicious berries are not always easy to find, nor are they easy to pick. And so when we would find an especially good berry patch, we would be very quiet and not tell anyone. (If the truth were told, I would race ahead and try to pick as many berries as I could before my sisters came along to get in on the bounty.) These four lepers are frantically hoarding and hiding the treasures they have found, but there is so much of it there is no way they can possibly gather it all.
+The lepers finally come to their senses. They realize that while they are stuffing themselves with food and gathering up wealth, the people back in the city of Samaria are on the brink of starvation. It is only right that they return to the city and share the good news of God’s provision for His people. And so they return to the gates of Samaria, where they call out the good news to the gatekeepers (it seems clear that they were banned from entering the city). The gatekeepers passed this report on to the king, who had to be awakened from his sleep. His response should not surprise us. Surely this was a trap, he reasoned, and the Syrians were hiding out nearby, just waiting for the people of Samaria to come out of the city, where they could fall upon them and kill them.
+From a military point of view, this was a very logical and reasonable conclusion. But there was another factor that the king had ignored: Elisha had prophesied the very thing that the lepers were reporting. It seems that Elisha had been promising God’s provision for some time (6:33), but the previous day he had indicated that God’s bountiful provision of food would come within 24 hours (7:1). The king did not make any connection between the promise of Elisha and the proclamation of the lepers. He expected disaster, and not deliverance, even when that deliverance was promised and proclaimed.
+We know that there were several servants who overheard the king’s response,133 but only one servant offers wise counsel to the king. His words are well chosen for a king who does not believe in God. He simply encourages the king to consider what he has to lose by checking out this report more carefully. His logic is essentially the same as that of the lepers. They were all going to die anyway, so why not take a chance if it might save their lives? The king could well afford to send a few good men to the Syrian camp to see if there was any truth to the report of the lepers. If it was a trap, and they were killed, they would have died of starvation before long anyway. And if the report was true, then the whole city could be spared. The king has nothing to lose—and everything to gain.
+The king cannot escape the logic of his servant’s counsel, and so he sends a small group of men to go to the Syrian’s camp and investigate. To their amazement and delight, they see with their own eyes that the lepers were right. The Syrian camp had been abandoned. The horses and chariots, food and supplies, have been left there at the camp. The road to the Jordan River is strewn with discarded clothing and equipment, as the Syrians shed every “besetting thing”134 which hindered their rapid escape. Everything that the lepers had said was true.
+Let me point out something that may be worth noting. The evidence of a Syrian retreat was there for all to see, but the explanation for their flight is given only to the reader. Who would have known that God had created the “sounds of war” when there was no approaching army? The reader is told so that he will recognize the hand of God in all of this, bringing about in a most unusual way the fulfillment of His word. I never cease to be amazed at the creativity of the Creator. He seldom works according to the same script, but each time He saves, He does so in a unique way that shows His wisdom and power. So far as I can recall, this is the only time that God saves His people in this fashion. God is never limited as to the means He can employ.
+I should point out something else from this miracle. God accomplishes several things at one time here. First, God rids Samaria and Israel of the Syrian army and of the threat it posed to Israel’s national security. It put an end to the blockade of the city. Secondly, it also provided an abundance of food for the people of Samaria. Isn’t this just like God? He uses those who had come to destroy Israel, and He causes them to be the means of Israel’s deliverance. What a marvelous God we serve! But there is possibly a third accomplishment here as well. Suppose that Naaman was still the commander of the Syrian army at this time, or at least that he was somehow among the Syrians at this camp. If this were the case, God would have spared his life without the shedding of any Syrian blood. The method God used to disperse the Syrian army did not include confrontation and warfare. God graciously spared the Syrians, as well as the people of Samaria. They were simply his “chastening rod” for disciplining the people of Israel. God’s salvation of His people, the Jews, does not prevent Him from saving Gentiles as well.135
+The last paragraph of our text (2 Kings 7:16-20)136 emphasizes the reliability of God’s Word by stressing the fulfillment of prophecy in these events. First, God’s promise to provide food for the people of Samaria was fulfilled, exactly has prophesied (verse 16). As incredible as Elisha’s prophecy seemed, it was precisely fulfilled by the scattering of the Syrians.
+But there is another promise that is kept as well, one that is given even more emphasis. The king’s servant had refused to believe the promise of God’s provision, and so Elisha prophesied that he would see the promise fulfilled, but would not partake of it (7:2). The fulfillment of this prophecy is described in 2 Kings 7:17-20. The king’s servant who was sent to kill Elisha, and who doubted the prophecy of an abundance of food within 24 hours, was appointed as the “gatekeeper” by the king. (Do you suppose that this was done as punishment for not cutting off the head of Elisha as he was commanded? This would be like a detective being given school crossing duty.) He may very well have been on duty when the lepers reported that the Syrians had fled (2 Kings 7:10). When the people of Samaria heard the report of the king’s scouting party, they rushed toward the gate to get to the food in the Syrian camp. The king’s servant was no match for this crowd, who trampled the man to death on their way to “deliverance.”
+I may be working too hard at making this point, but the appointment of this servant as a gatekeeper and his death while on duty seems to be significant. As I have given this a little thought, I realized that we were introduced to this fellow as he broke through the door of Elisha’s house. Elisha had instructed those with him in the house to blockade the door, so that the servant could not enter. Somehow, the servant was able to force his way in, and thus the confrontation with Elisha that is recorded in our text. And now, it is this same servant who is the gatekeeper. The crowds break down the gates, it would seem, and the gatekeeper is crushed. It seems more than coincidental that the king’s servant would die in a manner that recalls his abrupt entrance into the home of the prophet. He who lives by the sword dies by the sword. He who breaks down doors is crushed by gates that are broken down.
+This is an amazing text. It shows man at his (or her) worst, as we see in the case of the women who covenanted to cannibalize their children. The fact is, no one looks good in our text, except Elisha. The people of Samaria show no signs of repentance, even though their plight is the result of their own sin. The king gives no evidence of repentance either, and indeed he issues an order for Elisha to be put to death. The lepers and those involved in sending out the search party to the Syrian camp do not seem to act out of faith, but only as a calculated risk, believing that they have little to lose. The king’s servant refuses to believe a very specific promise that Elisha makes of God’s provision for the people of Samaria.137
+The Bible was not written to glorify man, and it’s a good thing because man has no cause to glory, except in God. In our text, God provides for His people, not because of their goodness, and not even because of their repentance. God provides salvation (physically speaking) for them in spite of their sins. I cannot help but think of how much like this God’s provision of spiritual salvation is::6-11, emphasis mine).
+Now, as then, God deals bountifully with men on the basis of grace. It was not that the people of Samaria deserved anything from God, other than judgment. Indeed, their oppression at the hands of the Syrians was the just consequence of their unbelief and rebellion against God. In spite of their sin, God brought about a mighty salvation, so that we might forever marvel at His power and grace. Nowhere is the sinfulness of men and the grace and power of God more evident than at the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, and His empty tomb. By this one great act, Jesus bore the punishment for our sins, and accomplished salvation for all who believe in Him.
+As I have reflected on this text, I have come to realize how much it exemplifies Deuteronomy, chapters 28-31. In these chapters, Moses speaks for God, summarizing the blessings and cursings of God and their basis. It also parallels these chapters in Deuteronomy in terms of its proportions. In Deuteronomy, God promised His people that He would greatly bless them if they observed His laws. These blessings are summed up in Deuteronomy 28:1-14—a mere 14 verses. The cursings begin at Deuteronomy 28:15, and go on and on. God knew from the beginning that men would not keep His law, and that the judgment section would thus be the one that would apply to Israel throughout its history. And so we find in our text that one verse (7:16) stresses the fulfillment of the promise that God will provide for the people of Samaria, while four verses describe the fulfillment of Elisha’s prophecy of judgment upon the unbelieving servant of the king of Israel (7:17-20). The “blessings” and “cursings” of Deuteronomy are fulfilled, in part, in our text.
+As you well know, next Sunday will be the second day of the new millennium. Y2K fears have been troubling many over this past year, and some have agonized about this for an even longer period of time. I believe that Christians should be prudent about preparing for the future. But I also think that some Christians have become almost paranoid in their fears about what is going to happen this coming week. Our text should help us put this matter into perspective. If it teaches us anything, it is that God cares for His people. The means for that provision were not evident beforehand, and they were not even clearly understood afterward. But God did provide, just as He had promised, and He did so through the very people who seemed destined to destroy them—the Syrians. Let us remember our text as we deal with our fears concerning the future.
+25 “Because of this I say to you, do not worry about your life, as to what you will eat or drink, or about your body, as to what you will wear. Isn’t there more to life than food and more to the body than clothing? 26 Look at the birds of the sky: they do not sow, or harvest, or gather into barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Aren’t you more valuable than they are? 27 Can any of you add time to his life by worrying? 28 Why worry about clothing? Think about how the flowers of the field grow. They do not work or spin, 29 yet I say to you that Solomon in all his glory was not clothed like one of these! 30 And if God clothes the grass of the field this way, which is here today and tomorrow is thrown seek first his kingdom and righteousness, and all these things will be given to you. 34 So then, do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself. Today has enough trouble of its own” (Matthew 6:25-34).
+The Y2K bug is the result of the work (computer programming) of those who did not take into account the long-term consequences of their actions. They focused only on the relatively near future. It is not that programmers did not realize there would be a problem; they simply put off dealing with it. It is interesting to me to see how concerned people have become over the consequences of Y2K. Great amounts of money have been spent to avoid potential disaster, and many have agonized about what the outcome might be.
+Why is it that so many people have become so concerned about preparing for the next millennium, but have given almost no thought to the coming “great millennium”—the time that will follow the return of our Lord Jesus Christ to this earth? There is a much more serious “bug” to be reckoned with, that will have far more devastating consequences if ignored. It is the problem of man’s sin and of God’s absolute holiness. Many go about their lives as though the future will not come, and so they live day-to-day, thinking only in terms of the near future, rather than in terms of eternity. Failure to address the “bug” of our own sin, and of our not being ready to stand in the presence of a holy and righteous God, will have eternal consequences. There is only one “fix” to this millennium problem, and that is the shed blood of Jesus Christ. He died to solve the problem of our sins, and all those who have trusted in Him will reign with Him when He returns to rule over this earth. Are you ready for this millennium? It may come sooner than you think.
+Our text also teaches us a lesson about evangelism. There is the feeling among some that evangelism comes from the “top-down.” We don’t see much of this top-down evangelism in the Bible. We do see the Israelite slave girl telling Naaman about the God of Israel (2 Kings 5:2-3), and here in our text, we read of four lepers telling the people of Samaria where to find bread. Evangelism does not place the emphasis on the messenger, but on the message, and on the great need of those who are lost to hear the good news of the gospel. You and I may be beggars, my friend, but if we have come to faith in Christ, we have found something that the world desperately needs. Just as the lepers would have sinned by not sharing their discovery with those who were perishing, so you and I sin when we keep the good news of the gospel to ourselves.
+This text teaches us about faith. I think that there is an important principle for all of us to learn here: “Do not limit your faith to what your mind can imagine.” The king’s servant could not imagine how so much food could become available so quickly (even if the “windows of heaven” were opened). That did not keep God from providing the food He promised. Unbelief only prevented the king’s servant from partaking of this bounty. Too often I find Christians trusting God only as far as their imagination will take them. But let us remember our text, and these words that Paul has written: (1 Corinthians 2:6-10, citing Isaiah 64:4).
+This text is in complete harmony with the rest of the Bible in that it encourages the people of God to persevere and to hold fast until our Lord provides what He has promised. The king’s servant was not willing to “wait for God” any longer (6:33). The two women were not willing to believe God’s promise of divine provision, and thus they covenanted to cannibalize their children. God often waits till the last moment to provide what He has promised, so that we might learn to persevere, and to trust Him.
+There are those whose marriages are not what they had hoped. Many who have been disappointed in their marriages have abandoned them. They were not willing to wait on God. There are those who have greatly desired to be married to a godly mate, only to despair when God does not answer as quickly as they had hoped. I know of all too many who have hastily entered into marriage with an unbeliever, fearing that this was their only chance. And those who have done so have, without exception (in my experience), come to regret it. Sadly, I must also say that I have known of some who concluded that life’s problems were too much for them to bear, and who have taken their own lives. How sad that they did not wait to see the provision of God for their needs.
+For a few moments, let’s refocus on the events of our text. Suppose that we were able to observe the city of Samaria by satellite, that we were able to “zoom in” on the city, to see these events, and to hear the conversations. We look down on Samaria and see Elisha preaching on the city streets. We hear him informing the citizens that their plight is the result of their disobedience to God’s laws, and their rebellion against God. He is also promising them that God is going to provide, and that they will not perish, and this within 24 hours. Next, we zoom in on the two women as they are sacrificing the first child for a meal. In their minds, there was nothing else they could do. They were convinced that they would starve otherwise.
+We now switch to a wide-angle lens. We see the city of Samaria from a distance. We see the Syrian troops who are encamped outside the city. And off in the distance we see a caravan approaching, a caravan that has come from Damascus, loaded down with a fresh shipment of supplies. We watch as those supplies are brought into the Syrian camp and unloaded into supply tents. And then we look on as the Syrian soldiers scatter, fleeing for their lives (or so they think).
+Both the Syrian soldiers and the people of Samaria were guilty of failing to perceive reality—to see things as they really are. We can excuse the Syrian soldiers because it was God who deceived them. They could believe nothing other than what He intended for them to believe. But the people of Samaria were different. They had God’s Word, and they had God’s prophet, Elisha. They were told why they were suffering, and what they should do. They were promised that God would provide abundantly for them. And yet the people of Samaria refused to believe.
+When we see things as they really are, we see that a good and loving God is in control. We see that it is our sins that have brought our suffering upon us. And we see that it is God who provides the solution for all of our needs. May this text help us to see our world more clearly, and to learn to trust and obey our great God.
+126 I believe that this same sense may be seen in Deuteronomy 5:22 (“This was all he said at that time,…” NLT), 1 Samuel 27:4, and 2 Samuel 2:28.
+127 Some commentators tell us that this is not dove’s dung, but a kind of seed pod (so NIV). I’m not convinced, and neither are most of the translators, as can be seen by the fact most translations render it dove droppings by one expression or the other. Frankly, “seed pods” are not nearly as detestable as dove dung. The writer of our text wants us to know that things have really become desperate in Samaria.
+129 The word for “help” here is literally the term for “salvation,” a term which is elsewhere used in reference to our Lord Jesus Christ.
+130 The same Hebrew word (Elohim) is used in 2 Kings 6:31; 1 Kings 19:21; and Kings 20:10. Most often it is used to refer to the God of Israel, but pagans also use it in reference to their “gods.” One might argue that the king of Israel used the term in the pagan sense, but if not, then he has now learned to curse in the name of the God of Israel, rather than the gods of the pagans. How ironic that the king would take an oath in the name of the same God whose prophet he intends to kill.
+131 The words of Elisha would more literally read, “Is not the sound of his master’s feet behind him?” (So, NASB, NKJV, etc., even the NIV). These words do pose a bit of a problem in that we read nothing indicating that the king actually did arrive at Elisha’s door. Surely we do not wish to say that Elisha, the “seer” was wrong. He was right in “seeing” that this servant was coming, and that he intended to cut off his head. I believe that we have a couple of options which would provide a reasonable explanation. First, we could assume that the king actually did come, but that for some reason, he did not kill Elisha. In this case, it may be that the city leaders talked him out of it. For whatever reason, the author did not choose to focus on this event. The other possibility is that Elisha was using a figure of speech, which would be more loosely rendered, “Isn’t he coming in his master’s place, to carry out his master’s evil intent?” The king is virtually “present” with the servant in what he is doing. I am inclined to this last option, though I must confess I have not seen it suggested elsewhere.
+132 We are told that when the lepers returned to Samaria to report their discovery, the king was aroused from his sleep (7:12).
+133 Note the plural, “servants,” in verse 12 and 13.
+134 I could not help but think of the “besetting sins” which hinder the saint, and which need to be set aside (Hebrews 12:1).
+135 That “salvation” is physical in our text, but the principle applies to spiritual salvation as well (see Romans 9-11).
+136 I have opted to follow the paragraph structure of the NASB here.
+137 I am surprised by Wiseman’s statement: “God never fails to meet the need of his people when they trust him.” Donald J. Wiseman, 1 and 2 Kings: An Introduction and Commentary (Downers Grove, Illinois, U.S.A.; Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity Press, 1993), p. 212. I see no “trusting” here, but only unbelief. Gratefully, God is faithful even when we are not (2 Timothy 2:13).
+Social.
+Types of Social Work Degrees in Tennessee
+Social work degrees are available at every level. Associate of social work degrees typically take about two years to complete; most graduates of associate programs pursue further education in the field. Full-time students generally complete their bachelor's in social work in four years, and master's programs typically take two additional years.
+During master's-level studies, learners choose a specialization. A graduate degree increases career opportunities and earning potential. Most doctoral programs take about three years to complete and qualify graduates for college teaching positions.
+Bachelor's Degree in Social Work
+A bachelor's in social work meets the minimum requirements for licensure. Bachelor's programs cover general social work topics to provide students with foundational knowledge in the field. Many graduates of bachelor's programs pursue a master's degree. However, bachelor's degree holders are eligible for nonclinical social work positions. Full-time students typically complete bachelor's programs in four years, and bachelor's-level licensure does not require additional experience.
+Master's Degree in Social Work
+A master's in social work qualifies graduates for several types of licensure and opens a variety of career options. Learners can pursue their master's degree on campus or online; distance learning is ideal for working professionals and those with personal obligations. Most students complete their master's in social work in about two years, including practicum or internship requirements.
+Doctoral Degree in Social Work
+A doctoral degree in social work is the highest level of education available. The degree affords graduates with the most job opportunities and the highest earning potential. Doctoral students generally spend about two years completing advanced coursework and about a year working on their dissertation, which involves in-depth research. Graduates often work as clinicians, professors, or administrators.
+How to Become a Licensed Social Worker in Tennessee
+Tennessee professionals can pursue four types of social work licensure. The LBSW credential qualifies holders for nonclinical social work positions. Professionals with an LGSW license can maintain their own private social work practice. The LCSW license qualifies professionals to have their own clinical private practice and typically results in high earning potential.
+Licensed Baccalaureate Social Worker
+- Exam: After earning a bachelor's degree in social work, candidates must take the bachelor's-level exam from the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB). The exam comprises 170 questions, only 150 of which are scored. Candidates must earn a score of at least 75% and cannot retake the exam more than two times. The exam costs $230.
+- Application: Candidates must submit an application to the Tennessee Board of Social Workers. Each applicant must also submit a passport-style picture of themselves, official transcripts, a citizenship form, a completed practitioner profile, and a $110 application fee. Candidates must undergo a criminal background check.
+Licensed Graduate Social Worker
+- Exam: Candidates for the LGSW credential must hold a master's degree in social work. Candidates must pass the ASWB masters exam, which comprises 170 multiple-choice questions. Individuals must score at least a 75% to pass the exam, which costs $230.
+- Application: After fulfilling education and exam requirements, individuals can apply for licensure. Applicants must include a passport-style photo, official transcripts, citizenship form, and a completed practitioner profile. Candidates must submit to a criminal background check and pay a $160 application fee.
+Licensed Clinical Social Worker
+- Experience: Candidates for the LCSW credential must have a master's degree in social work and must have completed at least 3,000 hours of clinical social work experience. Of those hours, at least 100 must be directly supervised and 60 must be one-on-one.
+- Exam: After completing education and experience requirements, candidates take the ASWB Clinical exam. The online exam comprises 170 questions, and individuals must earn a score of at least 75% to pass. Candidates cannot retake the exam more than three times.
+- Application: LCSW candidates must apply for licensure with the Tennessee Board of Social Workers. Candidates must submit an application, a passport-style photo, a copy of their LMSW renewal card, a professional reference, their supervision log, evidence of experience hours, a practitioner profile, and a citizenship form. Applicants must also submit to a background check and pay a $235 application fee.
+Licensed Advanced Practitioner Social Worker
+- Experience: After earning a master's degree in social work, candidates must complete at least 3,000 hours of nonclinical social work experience. Of those hours, at least 100 must be supervised, with at least 60 being under direct supervision.
+- Exam: After completing education and experience requirements, candidates must take the ASWB advanced generalist exam. To pass, individuals must earn a score of at least 75% on the 170-question test.
+- Application: Candidates must submit an application to the Tennessee Board of Social Workers and must include a passport-style photo, a copy of their LMSW renewal card, a professional reference, their supervision log and supervisor verification, a citizenship form, an official transcript, a practitioner profile, and a $235 application fee. Candidates must submit to a criminal background check.
+How Long Does it Take to Become a Licensed Social Worker in Tennessee?
+Completing education and experience requirements takes several years; however, the exact amount of time required varies by license type. Licensed social workers must hold at least a bachelor's degree, which most students complete in four years. In addition to a degree, candidates for licensure must complete a required experience.
+Most types of social work licensure in Tennessee require at least two years of field experience. Individuals pursuing master's-level licensure typically require eight years of education and experience, including four years to earn a bachelor's, two years to earn a master's, and two years to complete required field experience.
+Out-of-State Licensing Reciprocity in Tennessee
+Social workers licensed outside of the state can receive licensing reciprocity in Tennessee, as long as they meet certain requirements. Out-of-state candidates must apply for social work licensure in Tennessee, must pass a criminal background check, and must provide evidence that they have met the requirements for their out-of-state license. Applicants for reciprocity must also pay the licensing fee, submit a photocopy of their home state's licensing rules and regulations, and provide a photocopy of their renewal card or a certificate that includes their license number.
+License Renewal
+Social workers in Tennessee must renew their license every two years. Each type of license has specific continuing education requirements. LBSW holders must complete 18 continuing education credits per renewal period, including eight hours in social work or ethics, and the renewal fee is $70. LMSW holders must earn 24 continuing education credits, including 14 credits in social work and six credits in professional ethics, as well as pay a $120 renewal fee. LAPSW and LCSW holders must complete 30 continuing education credits, including 20 credits in social work and six credits in ethics, and the fee is $120.
+Accredited Social Work Programs in Tennessee
+Individuals who earn their social work degree in Tennessee have a competitive edge over graduates of out-of-state programs, because social work programs require field experience, and graduates of accredited social work programs in Tennessee have experience with state-specific issues.
+In-state programs also familiarize students with Tennessee social work licensure requirements. Aspiring social workers should be sure to attend a school with regional accreditation and accreditation from the Council on Social Work Education. By choosing an accredited program, students ensure that other institutions and employers will recognize their credits and degree and that their social work degree will meet the requirements for licensure.
+What Can You Do With a Social Work Degree?
+The social work field includes a variety of careers. Individuals with more advanced degrees generally have more employment options. Professionals with an associate degree in social work can qualify for positions as social and human services assistants; many aspiring social workers use these positions to gain experience for further studies.
+A bachelor's in social work is the minimum degree requirement for licensure, but graduates with a master's or doctoral degree have the most career opportunities. Below are a few of the career options for professionals with a social work degree.
+- Social and Human Services Assistant: Social and human services assistants help clients with mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. They assist social workers and human services workers in their daily responsibilities while gaining experience in the field.
+- Healthcare Social Worker: Healthcare social workers provide advice and care to patients struggling with chronic, terminal, or acute illnesses. They provide counseling and education to the patient, advice to caregivers, and therapy to family members. They work in hospitals and hospice centers.
+- Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Worker: These social workers assess and treat clients affected by mental illness and abuse of substances such as alcohol, drugs, and tobacco. They conduct individual and group therapy sessions and perform crisis intervention.
+- Child, Family, and School Social Worker: Child, family, and school social workers support children and families in crisis. Some work with children in school settings, and some work with children who have been neglected, abused, or abandoned. These social workers often assist with adoption and foster care.
+- Social Worker: Social workers help clients deal with problems in their daily lives, such as mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Social workers may diagnose and treat these issues.
+Salary Expectations for Social Workers in Tennessee
+Individual salaries for social workers in Tennessee vary by position, education level, and geographic location. Generally, doctoral degree holders have the highest earning potential in the social work field, followed by master's degree holders. Healthcare social workers, who typically hold a master's degree, earn about $20,000 more per year than social and human service assistants, who often hold only an associate degree.
+Average Salary for Social Workers in TennesseeSource: BLS
+Professional Organizations for Social Workers in Tennessee
+Joining a professional organization has many benefits for students and professionals. Professional organizations in Tennessee comprise members working in the same field and same state, which provides common ground for networking and sharing ideas. Through professional organizations, members often form connections that lead to employment opportunities.
+- Tennessee Board of Social Workers: The Tennessee Board of Social Workers governs social work practice in the state while promoting the health, welfare, and safety of Tennessee citizens. The board keeps members updated on changing laws and regulations in the field.
+- National Association of Social Workers Tennessee Chapter: The NASW is the largest social work organization in the United States. The Tennessee chapter hosts events during which members network, learn about trends in the industry, and share new ideas.
+- Tennessee Association of School Social Workers: TASSW comprises state social workers in the education sector. Members receive access to professional development, continuing education, and networking opportunities.
+It’s the most horrorful night of the year, boys and ghouls, and you know what that means: cosplay, drunken revelry, candy, and about a million articles about what movies you should watch this Halloween. Make that a million and one. I’ve been writing on the internet for over a decade now and probably close to half of that has been about horror. That’s kind of dropped off the last several years since I’ve been writing at Gamemoir. It’s not just because I use up most of my energy writing about video games these days, though. I’ve been neglecting my favorite entertainment genre because there’s a point where you feel like you’ve written and read everything there is to read and write.
+Well, when it comes down to that, it’s probably time to get back to your roots and go back to the basics; the beginnings of what made you love this thing in the first place. So instead of some fancy list of the most obscure vampire movies I can think of or something like that, I’m going to be a basic bitch this Halloween and give you the twenty films that should be in rotation every Halloween. Films with the right atmosphere to get you in the mood and do what only the best horror can do: make you feel like a kid again.
+Whether they terrify you to the point where you can only cower under your covers and pray for a dreamless sleep or bring back the wonder of All Hallows’ Eve and it’s strange and ancient rituals, these are the films that define my favorite holiday in my mind and help take me back in time to a place where I was learning about the power of a good scare and that lingering thought that maybe, just maybe, these things could be happening away from prying eyes in some moonless corner of the world. As an adult, I take my own son trick ‘r treating and then put him to bed before spending the night alone in the dark trying to scare myself with stories I’ve seen over and over. And sometimes, it works. These are the films -new and old- that seldom fail to capture that magic for me.
+The Howling
+One of the first films I ever owned on DVD, and still scary after all these years. The Howling is the definitive werewolf film. One could argue that An American Werewolf in London is the better film and I would not argue, but there is just something in the atmosphere of this one that chills me to the bone. It’s sequels are among the worst films ever made (yes, ALL OF THEM), but they fail to tarnish the absolute perfect horror of the original.
+Vampire Hunter D
+The Howling was among the first DVD’s I ever bought, but I left the electronics store with my first DVD player and this film. This 80’s anime classic I taped on a whim from late night cable was literally the first thing I wanted to watch on a disc and it remains one of my absolute favorite films of all time. The atmosphere in this tale of a half-vampire vamp slayer for hire is unlike anything I’ve ever seen to this day and I love pretty much every single thing about it. And here’s a fun fact for you gamers: Yoshitaka Amano (most famous as a primary character designer for the Final Fantasy series) illustrated the original novels.
+Dracula
+Todd Browning’s 1931 masterpiece starring Bela Lugosi is another one of my favorite movies of all time and remains somehow criminally underrated in spite of its classic status. What so many subsequent filmmakers have forgotten about the vampire is that what’s scary about him is his ability to hide. To play cat and mouse and always be a step ahead of his pursuers. To use centuries of predator knowledge to outmaneuver his mortal foes and keep moving while spreading his undead plague to their loved ones all the while. This film oozes atmosphere and may be the only version of Dracula to really capture that so it’s the only one I’m putting on this list.
+Ju-On
+Japan has fallen off the horror radar in the last decade after a 90’s boom that’s still being felt in Western horror today. A lot of great horror was made in that time before it all became a parody of itself, but this is the one that sticks with me the most. Ju-on (aka The Grudge) is the most frightening ghost story ever. Period. Pretty much all of the J-horror you’ll ever really need is wrapped up in this one near-perfect film that still catches me off guard. This movie actually scares me when I watch it, not in a jump-scare way. It chills me right to my bones and that’s a really, really rare thing.
+Trick ‘r Treat
+In 2007, this movie became the first film to legitimately challenge John Carpenter’s classic (which we’ll get to in a minute) as the definitive film to watch on Halloween. It’s an anthology film of sorts with connected stories that deal with the mythologies of the season and as a whole manages to be both fun and scary at the same time with plenty of thrills and chills. If you’ve been putting off seeing this, tonight’s the night.
+Halloween
+The definitive classic. The one we all grew up watching. It needs no introduction. It spent over two decades as the undisputed go-to movie for your Horrorween film festivities and it’s still a sure-fire winner whether you prefer the new breed of horror or not. Marathons of the entire series are standard October 31st cable programming. I need say no more.
+Halloween 2
+The first sequel to the definitive All Hallows’ slasher movie is the second half of the titular night in which Jamie Lee Curtis earned her title of cinema scream queen. It may not be quite the experience that the original is, but the story is incomplete without it and therefore, so is your Halloween horror marathon.
+Satan’s Little Helper
+This obscure 2004 gem is a nasty piece of work that strikes the perfect balance between terror and fun. The story is of a little boy who brings home a murderer in a mask that his family mistakes for his sister’s boyfriend on Halloween. The combination of legit tension and a brilliant wordless black comedy performance from the killer made this one of my new favorite Halloween films when I watched it on Netflix on a whim a few years ago. Sadly, it’s not streaming there anymore, but I recommend you seek it out anyway.
+Black Sabbath
+My favorite horror anthology of all time and another classic film that creates an incredible atmosphere. A movie so awesome it inspired one of the most influential bands of all time to create a new genre of music and name themselves after it. The American version is a bit different and neutered the brilliant irony of “The Telephone” present in the Italian version due to homophobia, but if you can’t get ahold of the original Italian version it will do just fine regardless. A scary film anyway you look at it.
+Night of the Living Dead
+Romero single-handedly created the zombie genre with his homage to Richard Matheson’s apocalyptic vampire tale I Am Legend and it’s still the scariest example of the genre. You can’t beat being trapped in a hose in the countryside with a horde of zombies outside trying to tear you to pieces and devour you. Well, I guess you can if your own daughter is infected and kills and eats you, but Romero had that covered too.
+The Vampire Lovers
+One of the best vampire films ever made and the closest thing I’ve seen to a faithful adaptation of the definitive female vampire story Carmilla. Hammer Studios made a lot of horror in their day, but this was their best in my opinion. In addition to being creepy as hell and successfully telling one of the best vampire stories ever told, this is also a rare lesbian vampire film that actually succeeds in being sexy.
+Cabin in the Woods
+The new kid on the block. Former Buffy/Angel partners Joss Whedon and Drew Goddard reunited for this slice of awesome that pays tribute to and subverts all of your dumb horror cliches and makes them shine like new. Such an amazing film for horror fans, I really don’t want to spoil any of it for you if you haven’t seen it in the three years it’s been out so let me just tell you that there’s never been a movie like this and leave it at that.
+Evil Dead
+Sam Raimi’s independent feature film debut has stood the test of time as a true classic in spite of being banned for much of its existence. In fact, a CONTINUATION of the franchise is airing as a show on premium cable right about now. Can any other 80’s franchise claim that? Evil Dead and its sequels are firmly entrenched in the geek lexicon, but while the series veered heavily into comedy, this first film is a magnum opus of supernatural terror.
+A Nightmare on Elm Street
+1, 2, Freddy’s coming for you….
+As cheesy and just plain awful as almost every sequel is, there’s no getting around Wes Craven’s original. The music, the story, the character, the glove; this baby was just custom made to be a classic. Centered around the terror that a being could kill you when you are at your most helpless and there is nothing you can do about it, this was the film that made me afraid to even sleep. Any film that can do that deserves any and all praise it gets.
+The Wicker Man
+This creepy masterpiece is about the clash between ancient paganism and modern Christianity is
+a slow burn for sure (see what I did there?) but so worth it. Plus it features some great costume ideas if you ever want to have the most horror cred at your costume party.
+Pet Sematary
+While the film has some missteps for sure (dat ghost….) all in all, this is one of the most horrifying films ever made. It was adapted from a novel Stephen King wrote and he decided it was so grim that he sat on it for five years before giving it up to settle a contract dispute with his publisher. How dark does a story have to be to make the nastiest horror writer of his time? Elementally terrifying like nothing else. This movie is wrong in so many ways that other horror movies wouldn’t even dare trying and in spite of its flaws that earns it a place in my Halloween Hall of Fame.
+House on Haunted Hill
+It isn’t Halloween without Vincent Price. So many movies from the greatest horror icon of them all to choose from, and almost all of them are fantastic. But I would say that for an All Hallows’ horrorfest, you’ve probably got to go with this one. Creepy in all the right ways and entertaining as hell to boot.
+Creepshow
+Take one part George R. Romero, one part Stephen King, and one part vintage 1950’s horror comics, mix well, and partition into five servings and you’ve got one of the sweetest films of the 80’s. Some really creepy stuff here, but this meeting of two of the finest minds in horror keeps its tongue in its cheek and delivers a sure-fire crowd pleaser in each of its five diverse vignettes.
+Waxwork
+You know that ben Stiller movie where all of the museum displays come to life at night? It’s been done. Only in this case, it was a wax museum filled with homages to classic horror stories. Waaaaaay cooler, no? I don’t know why this movie isn’t more popular then it is, but Waxwork is a great homage to the genre as a whole and one of the best horror comedies of the 80’s.
+- The Exorcist
+I was going to leave this one off since aside from Halloween, it’s possibly the movie that makes it onto these lists the most and I obviously couldn’t leave that one off, but screw it. I’m not that cool. I may slip in as many relative obscurities as I can on the off chance that somebody cares enough to check them out and gets inspired to plumb the depths of horror cinema and maybe one day return the favor to someone else, but leaving out the most iconic horror movie of all time just feels wrong. This film won Oscars in spite of the presence of a little girl onscreen screaming about “cunting” daughters, stabbing herself in the vagina with a crucifix shouting “fuck me, Jesus” then shoving her mom’s face into the bloody mess while howling “LICK ME!”, and projectile vomiting. Think about that for a minute. That’s a special film. Then after you’re done thinking, make your plans to get ahold of your ideal collection of old favorites, new favorites, and maybe a few forays into uncharted territory in search of new classics. Have a happy Halloween, everyone.
+Soar High (Students on Academic Rise) High School
+Lancaster, CA 93536 Soar High (Students on Academic Rise).
+Soar High (Students on Academic Rise) High School had an API growth score of 945 in 2012. California uses the Academic Performance Index (API) to measure annual school performance and year-to-year improvement. Soar High (Students on Academic Rise) High School's 2012 base score was 944 and the school did meet its 2012 school-wide growth target.
+In 2010, Soar High (Students on Academic Rise) High School had 25 students for every full-time equivalent teacher. The California average is 24 students per full-time equivalent teacher.
+Student Ethnicity (2011)
+Students (2011)
+Students Per Teacher (2010)
+Female/Male (2011)
+Subsidized Lunch (2011)
+District Spending (2010)
+In 2010, the Antelope Valley Union High School District spent $7,639 per student. In 2010 the district spent 61% on instruction, 36% on support services, and 3% on other services.
+All Grades World History Performance
+Soar High (Students on Academic Rise) High School Reviews
+I truly love this school. The climate is friendly and fun. The students all get along, and it's like a family in a sense.
+I like making fun of how our school has only 9 classrooms, but I admit it's not entirely true. SOAR High School is located on the Antelope Valley College, and is an Early College High School. Which means that the students take college classes along with their high school classes. Which means we have like a thousand classrooms technically.
+We have clubs at SOAR, from Journalism to Sports Club to VPAC to Speech Club. I remember my first few weeks at SOAR, and I was overwhelmed at the sheer number of posters advertising clubs. Everywhere window had a poster, saying "Join Key Club, make a difference. Our first meeting is this Wednesday at S-3 at lunch, don't be late!" or something similar. The posters are creative and fun, and I spent a month or two exploring all the clubs like EnviroClub and Fiction Fans Book Club and Rocketry Club before I decided on two that I loved the most (you can join as many clubs as you want).
+Events are also fun. EnviroFair is an event held where studens from the local middle schools come to learn about the environment. Also upcoming is the RenFaire, where ye lads and lasses explore the olde Rennaissance! And the dances are endless fun, I never danced so much in my middle school dances as now.
+The main complaint from students is the lack of sports and band. So no, you can't be on a soccer team (but did that stop that one guy from nearly killing me with a soccer ball when I was waiting for my mom to pick me up? No....but don't worry, SOAR's still a safe school), and no, you'll never be in a school marching band, but between Sports Club, VPAC, and the available college classes, most of us find ways to cope.
+Safety is a concern from some parents (I've been to several meetings where parents come to learns about SOAR, because my brother was a student presenter) because of the college campus. But honestly, the college kids never gave anyone any hassle. Unless, you know, you tried to pick a fight with one of them (not that any SOAR student would).
+Did you know it's possible to graduate SOAR with an AA degree? It's totally possible! You can complete all the necessary college units if you dedicate tons of your time.
+Now, there have been some complaints that the teachers expect the students to be perfect. This isnt true. The simple fact is that the teachers expect you to put some effort in your work. Youre taking college classes, for goodness sake! SOAR is focused on college preparation, anyways, and if you expect to go to a good college and get a good career then you better not expect to just lay back and watch it happen. You aren't throwing away your life, either, just putting in that little extra study time. SOAR doesn't expect you to just hang back and be lazy, so of you don't like that, SOAR isn't for you. And it's not like you're on your own either, there are teachers willing (and as I recently learned, they're not just willing, they're eager) to help you with your work, as well as several facilities across the campus (There is a Learning Center in the college with tutors and computers and books and all you need to succeed) and students all around you.
+Now, my house is nearly an hour's drive away from the school, and I find myself spending lots of my spare time at the college. And its fun. If you have a racquet, go to the tennis courts and play a round (or try and ail, like me). Go to the computer lab and spend hours surfing the web. Go to the HS building, where you get comfy chairs, wifi, and Subway sandwiches. Go to the Student Lounge where there are vending machines, lots of delicious cafeteria food, a Student Store, and a stage. Go to the Library. Go the the IMC (Instructional Media Center) where you can borrow a movie and watch it in the private theaters with your friends. Go to the stadium and watch the college football players practice. There's lots to do and explore.
+I love everything at SOAR. It's a fairly small school, but that just makes everything more friendly. I've only been here a few months, but I already know most of the freshmen, and quite a few of the seniors.
+It's not a typical high school experience, it's something more than than, something special, like a jewel on a sandy shore (I'm so poetical...in my dreams). SOAR isn't for everyone. If you want a more personalized, non-traditional, dedicated experience, then please try SOAR.
+I'm Tamara, I'm a freshman, and I can't wait for winter break to be over!
+SOAR can be stressful but it really challenges students with its rigorous curriculum. One of the parent reviews says that we lose our childhood by going here but four years are NOTHING. The rest of your life counts way more than those four years. After that, you're on your own and SOAR really prepares you for that. The people here are respectful, kind, and appreciate education. If you look at our scores, they are the highest in the district and 7th in state. I agree that this program is not for all students. It is for students who want to get ahead, and who desire a challenge in order to become better students.
+I have always valued a good education and great teachers and when im at SOAR thats exactly what u get. The academics are the best around and the classroom sizes are small making it easier to learn and be heard. I would thouroughly recommend this school!
+The SOAR program for Students on Academic Rise is not a public school normative, it may be an alternate program, but with strong polarity, adhering to strict policies and regulations for students and parents, and you must apply with at least two (2) recommendation letters (and an addition one from their 8th grade principle).
+No, the school is not for the schedule-impaired student or parent, for indolence, disrespectful, or motivationally and academically inept (program specializes in mathematics and science). SOAR administration is incredibly strict on attendance and tardiness is barely tolerated (even if they’re 1 minute late) and must be cleared though Saturday-school (if permitted)!
+SOAR High school is an accelerated educational plan, in which optimizes students viability, sponsorship, and readiness to enter into prominent universities. Students can start as early as 9th grade, and concomitantly attend both high school and college courses, enabling them to graduate with a high school diploma and an associate degree within four (4) or five (5) years, respectfully.
+Mother of a SOAR High school student
+Ps. I hope that clears up any misconceptions:)
+I FEEL THAT SOAR HIGH SCHOOL IS THE BEST IN THE AV.IAM SURE SOME PARENTS WILL NOT AGREE WITH THAT.IT IS NOT OVER CROWED LIKE OTHER HIGH SCHOOLS.IF YOUR CHILD IS A WELL BEHAVED, MATURE,AND WANTS A GREAT EDUCATION AND PLANS TO GO TO A UNIVERSITY ,THIS IS THE SCHOOL FOR THEM.THEY MIGHT NOT OFFER SPORTS,MUSIC THEY HAVE EVERYTHING ELSE TEACHERS SUPPORT,MR.DUTTON IS ALWAYS ON CAMPUS.SO MANY HIGH SCHOOL CLUBS THAT COMPETE WITH OTHER SCHOOLS,COLLEGE CLASSES AND TEXT BOOKS ARE FREE OF CHARGE.ANY THING THE COLLEGE OFFERS SOAR STUDENTS HAVE ACCESS TO IT.THRILLED MY CHILD WAS EXCEPTED SO FAR SHE IS A 4.0 STUDENT !
+i love the challenge it offers that you could never really find at "normal traditional" high school
+Great school. Instructors are great. Students are focused. My daughter has been a student for two years and loves it!
+I think SOAR is amazing. It creates such a comfortable atmosphere, being that we are with people whom have the same values in educational goals that we ourselves have. The people who have comments with negative connotations are just people who clearly havent been in the environment that the principal , Mr. Dutton, and all of the Staff provide for us. Those are most likely parents whose children were removed from the program.
+I think that SOAR puts way to much stress on the students. There are very few extra-curricular activities to take their minds off of the over-load of homework and the pressure to succeed in high school AND college. This school forces the students to not only act like adults and assume the responsibility of a college student at age 14, but they do not offer much selection in activities. There is no sports program, or athletic oppurtunities either.
+I think that a child loses their childhood by going to Soar. So what if they get a little ahead in their schooling? They lose their summers, their vacation days, their days to be a kid! Our kids are growing up way too quickly as it is, why do we want to push them out of childhood so quickly!! You are only a kid once!!
+SOAR High School is a great learning environment. If a student wants to complete high school and college at the same time then this is the place to go. SOAR students have a drive for success. Students here want to be successful and achieve their goals. If you want more info. on this awesome school you should go to their website because there is still more stuff that I did not mention that will grab your attention.
+P.S.: SOAR High School is not 'students On The Academic Rise';SOAR High School stands for 'Students On Academic
+9 out of 10
+California Virtual Academies
+Full-time, tuition-free public charter school serving California students.Learn More »
+Saturday, October 25, 2008
+Week #9 - Meltdown in Madison ...
+I knew this was a bad match-up for us this week coming off a blowout win at home against Indiana. We're just a middle of the pack FBS club, nothing more or less. We don't know what it takes to play championship football. Wisky had nothing to lose at home today after losing four straight in conference. It was a game we should have won going away in the 2nd half. Yikes ...
+Williams had a terrible day on just 17/32 for 223 and 3 INTS (with 2 TDs). Yuck! And the Illinois running game was held in check all day, posting just 77 yards on the ground. Regis was a blip on the radar at best on just two catches. What the hell guys! And learn how to line up to take a snap. WTF! Discipline, respect, honor, pride - go look those up in the dictionary this week in between classes. Or don't come out to play next weekend. Nobody will want to watch. Up next, Iowa. Get ready to play guys. Nobody will give it to you. You have to earn it. When does basketball season start?
+Message to Coaches - Well, and 4-4 we're on the outside of the bowl picture looking in. And with four tough games ahead of us against bowl-eligible or winning programs, it's not going to be easy. Needless to say, six wins gets you eligible to play in the post-season. But, we'll likely need 7 wins this year, especially when considering we don't have ANY quality victories. Sorry, beating Michigan and Indiana don't cut it this year. We'll have our chances against good Iowa and Ohio State programs, but we can't falter against Western Michigan or Northwestern. But it all starts next weekend at home on Dad's Day against the Hawkeyes. If we address the little things and play with some passion and discipline we should win all four of them. I don't think anybody has near our talent, save for perhaps Ohio State. But we've proven time and time again that our own worst enemy out there at times is ourselves. Ugh! Oye .... ouch.
+I need to see more urgency and heightened awareness of distance and down. I need to see more confidence that we will score on every possession and stop them from scoring when they have the ball. Just watch what Tulsa did in the 2nd half this weekend against UCF. Do it like you've done it before; and again. Don't take any play for granted.
+“We can be a good team but they’re going to be held accountable, especially the older guys,” Zook said. “It’s not the way it was before we got here. If we want to be the kind of program we want to be, guys have got to bow up.”
+“If we’re going to be a winning team and beat this curse of not having two winning seasons in a row, we have to be smart,” linebacker Brit Miller said. “If we do our jobs, we win.”Elsewhere around the Nation -
+Every week matters. Every week is a championship in the balance. Every week is a play-off. Every week is an opportunity. There is no static state. You're either moving up or down.
+Penn State / Ohio State - a defensive battle for sure. And the playcalling was very conesrvative for long stretches of this game. But give credit to Ohio State and that defense. The offense needs more work in the passing game. The pathway is clear for Penn State's run to the national - title game. Unlike my Illini, this team just doesn't beat themselves. I don't think the Nittany Lions even had a penalty tonight in Columbus. It's shaping up for JoePa's 3rd championship. 381 for Mr. Paterno. 1 for 7 in Columbus, first since 1978. Nice job. Yeah, you're worthy..... for now.
+Texas / Okie State - How much longer can the Horns continue to run the gauntlet? Colt McCoy is amazing. I think he went 25-28 tonight against a pretty good Poke squad. First it was Oklahoma, then Mizzou, and now the Cowboys from Oklahoma. Up next in Lubbock on Halloween weekend is Texas Tech; who whacked a good Kansas club at home in Lawrence today. Wow, that should be fun. Can Texas possibly do it again, four in a row? It's Colt's world, and we're just living in it. As of today, McCoy is your Heisman winner. Unless they lose.
+Alabama / Tennessee - What happens if both Texas and Alabama run the table? It's going to be tough, but the TIDE look for real this year. Just ask Tennessee who was man-handled tonight at home in front of 102K.
+My New Top-10, BIG -12 Love!:
+1) Texas - three monster wins in a row, unparalleled. Up next the Red Raiders in Lubbock.
+2) Alabama - good road win in Knoxville. Perhaps the best team in the SEC.
+3) Penn State - no doubt the BIG-10 front-runner. It might just be JoePa's year.
+4) Oklahoma - keeping pace with the top-3 if one should stumble. Tough club.
+5) Florida - starting to peak at the right time of the year. Up next, the cocktail party.
+6) USC - still lurking. Great individual talent. Not sure this is a great team yet.
+7) Georgia - impressive in Baton Rouge. Up next, the GATORS! Make mine a double.
+8) Texas Tech - may not be a better offense in the country. But can they stop anybody good?
+9) Oklahoma State -no shame in today's loss to Texas. Almost pulled it off.
+10) Utah - undefeated likely into the Holy War with BYU.
+FINAL NOTES - The game is changing. If you can't score, and score often, you aren't ranked in the TOP-10. Just ask Ohio State. Everybody at the top in FBS football can light it up like chain smoker in a tobacco shoppe. Sure, defense is important. And it's even been said that defense wins championships. Maybe so. But, you can't win if you don't score. And, let's be honest. You can't ask your defense to stop the opposition and score in the same sentence. At least not week in and out. A great offense can hide the mistakes of a marginal defense (Texas Tech). Of course, it doesn't hurt when you team doesn't make many mistakes. The best teams tend to not beat themselves.
+Saturday, October 18, 2008
+Week #8 - It's the Little Things ...
+Quick thoughts on the Indiana game tonight:
+- Offense executed in all facets. I'm not sure there's a defense in conference that can stop us right now. We'll put up 30 points / game and nearly 500 yards per effort and are at the top of most statistical offensive BIG-10 categories, right behind Penn State.
+- Defense / Special Teams - need more work. Too many blown coverages, missed tackles, and questionable plays on special teams including kick-off coverage and field goals / extra points. If we expect to contend for the crown this year then we'll need to tighten up these facets of the game.
+- Juice continues his domination in conference and across the nation. There may not be a more prolific offensive player in the land right now. He's averaging over 400 total yards / game this season. Wow!
+- Good to see Jason Ford arrive on the scene in the rushing game. We'll need his power and speed in the 2nd half of the season to complement Dufrene. I must say we're not missing Mendenhall this year. Daniel and Jason provide us a nice 1-2 puch! Bammmm.....
+- And give credit to OC Mike Locksley. Balance on offense. 300+ passing yards and 250+ rushing yards tonight. Wow! We can run it or throw it whenever we want to on offense. As long as we don't turn it over, we can name the final score right now. But, it's one thing to do it against Indiana. It's quite something different to do it against the powerhouse in conference. We'll have our chances.
+- How 'bout the 'D' tonight? We held them to 10 points and 200 yards total offense most of the night, at least until it didn't matter anymore. They average almost 200 yards / game. We kept them under 100 for most of the game.
+- Keep getting AJ (Jenkins) as many touches as possible. I like him returning kicks and punts. The true freshmen from Jacksonville is special.
+I knew this would be an interesting year of football in Champaign. Let's face it; 2003 was ahead of schedule. And, it's always hard to follow - up a great season with a good one. We seem to be back on track tonight after Indiana. But, we have more work ahead of us. Juice Williams has arrived as a big-time QB in CFB. He may be the best in the game right now in terms of balanced rushing and passing. Nobody is putting up numbers like he is right now back to back to back. Wow! It's not just the X's and the O's but the Jimmies and the Joes! Go get it boys; it's right there to be taken! Do it like you've done it before. We should be favored in our next three games (Wisconsin, Western Michigan, and Iowa). But they won't be gimmies.
+- Almost 600 yards in total offense tonight. Williams with another 300 yards and 4TDs.
+- Welcome Jason Ford - 171 on 19 carries and 3TDs including a 41 - yard gallop. 2nd-best rushing effort in school history for a true freshmen. Yes, the future is bright in the backfield.
+- Benn, 7 for 130 and 1 TD on 37 yards. A.J. Jenkins - 2 kickoffs for 116 yards and 1TD.
+- Defense gave up just 13 points tonight, mostly when they didn't matter. We're now 8th in the conference in terms of points allowed (27/game on 354 yards / game).
+- As a team, we're 2nd in BIG-10 scoring at 36.1 points / game on 485 yards / game with good passing/rushing balance (205 yards / game on the ground).
+- Texas - nobody has two better wins in Oklahoma and Mizzou.
+- Alabama - struggled with Ole Miss tonight. Many more teams will as well.
+- Penn State - slow start against Michigan. Ran away with it down the stretch.
+- Oklahoma - good win over a solid KU squad under Reesing.
+- Florida - off this week hosting KY next.
+- USC - 69 points better than WAZZU. Yep, they covered
+- Oklahoma State - beating Baylor is one thing. At Texas next week is another.
+- Texas Tech - good road win over A&M.
+- Ohio State - who had Bucky 38 better than SPARTY?
+- Utah - we'll learn more in two week against TCU, unless they lose next week at NM.
+FINAL NOTES - So, now that we've crossed into the 2nd half of the season and the heart of conference play, what did we learn this weekend? The TOP-half of the TOP-25 stabilized this weekend, for the most part. The bottom-half of the same group had more Ls than Ws. Expect more shake-ups in the polls this week as the BCS debuts. Here are this week's winners and losers. Sorry John, the 280-game WAZZU scoring streak came to an end in Pullman last night at the hands of the Trojans.
+TEXAS and OHIO STATE really imprssed me this weekend, but for different reasons. The Horns cambe back to blow-out a mighty good TIGER TEAM at home after an emotional victory in the Red River game. And Ohio State went on the road in conference to dismantle Michigan State (yes, another sign it's October). Ohio State has themselves a QB. Penn State beat Michigan for the first time in 9 tries, but didn't look all that convincing in the 1st half. Their defense has some work to do in order to contain that powerful Buckeye offense next weekend in the Big Horseshoe. That is shaping up to be another great showdown of powers.
+Here are your current bowl projections as of WEEK 8. Right now, it looks like a trip for the CHIEF to the CHAMPS SPORTS bowl against BC or VT. Most have TEXAS playing either Penn State or Florida for the national title with a rematch in the Rose Bowl between Ohio State and USC. On the slate for next Saturday, I'll be looking forward to the following matchups:
+- Texas Tech @ Kansas - are the Red Raiders for real?
+- Illinois @ Wisconsin - can the chief sustain the momentum?
+- Georgia @ LSU - another inter-divisional SEC clash with national implications.
+- Okie State @ Texas - promising to be another classic BIG-12 showdown.
+- VT @ FSU - somebody has to win this one. Two teams looking to get back on top.
+- Penn State @ Ohio State - will the real BIG-10 champion please stand up?
+And my final thoughts on the BCS; rumor has it that the first ranking of the 2008 campaign was unveiled today. What to make of it? What to hope for? What, in this crazy world does it all mean? I don't know. But I do know this: in the 10 years of the BCS system, 20 teams have played for the nation title. 19 of them have come from the initial ranking of the top-6. So, take a close look at the list today and you'll likely find the National Champ in there somewhere.
+Saturday, October 11, 2008
+Week #7 - Utter Calamity in Champaign - Ugh!
+Chief on the Tribe - What is very clear to me right now is we're a long way from last year's success in so many subtle ways. Looking back, maybe it was too much / too fast. After all, it's hard to follow a 9-3 season which earned us a Rose Bowl opportunity. And I did say this would be a step back year, before we arrive on the national scene in a big way next season. But today's performance was totally unexpected. and extremely disappointing. Just when you think things are going well ... a big whack of reality like a sack of frozen potatoes in a ragged burlap sack.
+Sure, Benn and Williams are putting up huge numbers early this year. The defense is looking better to me each and every week. And don't think that it's all doom and gloom. My team is doing many things right on both sides of the ball (special teams excluded). But, when it's all said and done we're just 3-3 (1-2 in conference) and reeling after today's homecoming loss to a surprisingly good and extremely well-coached Minnesta Gopher squad in front of a capacity crowd, who went home very dissatisfied today (27-20 defeat). Ugh! Did I mention it was homecoming? What's with that?
+WHAT HAPPENED? Maybe we lost focus with all of the distractions associated with Homecoming? Maybe it was the distraction of mid-terms? We all know preparing for exams and papers in GENERAL STUDIES is a tall order. Maybe the guys didn't get enough sleep last night? I'm sure the water is at least partially to blame. Or maybe we just didn't bring IT today, expecting to win instead of executing to win? It's like I've been saying all year and forever, it's a different game each week. You have to come to the show prepared and motivated. Every week matters. It's a 3-month playoff in order to determine the grid-iron pecking order. Good teams win games they're expected to win. Great teams always get it done. This just in, we're neither. Actually, after today's crushing home loss, I would put us in the bottom-half of the BIG-10 right now (bottom - dweller territory).
+3 key turnovers and mistakes in the kicking game will ALWAYS get you beat. Playing 3.5 quarters of lethargic football will ALWAYS get you beat. I didn't see any urgency on the offensive side of the ball until we were down 20-6. Granted, we moved the ball well all day long up and down the field OUTSIDE of the red zone. But when we broke into that place, we were denied almost every time by a gutty Gopher defense and/or our own crutial mistakes.
+Instead of leading 28-14 or 31-14 in the 4th quarter, we trailed most of the game - as much as by 14 points until a sense of urgency finally set in. But in the end it was too little too late. There were so many problems I'm not sure I'll be able to expose them all. The biggest of them all is that this year's team lacks discipline and respect: respect for the team, respect for protecting the rock, respect for the fans, and respect for the game. How else do you explain 3 turnovers, 5 key penalties, missed field goals, kick-offs out of bounds, muffed punts, and blown coverages in the secondary at key moments in the game? Sure, we're loaded with young talent to burn at most positions. But that comes with a prices of foolish mistakes and inconsist performance game to game, quarter to quarter, and drive to drive.
+MESSAGE TO COACHES -
+With winning comes higher expectations. It's been several years since we've had that winning spirit in Champaign which arrived with last-year's club. It's no longer good enough to win one or two big games each year. We need to put a string of consistent performances together and take care of bidness. Until I see more of that, this year's team will remain a bunch of one-hit wonders and more disappointments. I agree coach, we have a long way to go.
+Starting with our 'special teams' play today, grade = F-. I've already alluded to the missed field goal, the kick-offs out of bounds, muffed punts, and terrible kick coverage. The 'kicking game' has now significantly contributed to our three losses this year. In each of them, the kicking game has had major meltdowns allowing either outstanding field position or points. Ugh! We have to have the worst special teams' play in the nation. Ugh! And with so many other parts of our play today, this group failed to play with intensity and urgency.
+A quick look t the box score shows that we dominated most statistical categories, except for the final score. You might ask yourself how we lost this game and just scored 20 points. Ugh!
+- We had 25 first downs to their 16.
+- Our 550 total yards on offense exceeded theirs by more than 200.
+- Juice had another monster day throwing the ball for over 460 with 2TDs, and one killer pick late in the game.
+- Time of possession was about equal, 30 minutes per team.
+- 3 costly turnovers (2 fumbles and 1 pick). Ugh!
+- 5 sacks allowed, including the forced fumble leading to their scoop and score.
+- Only 88 rushing yards, down from our season average of 210.
+FINAL NOTES - It's time to get back to the fundamentals like 'kicking', 'tackling', 'blocking', 'catching', and 'holding onto the ball'. While it's true we have too good losses against Penn State and Mizzou, we now have our first 'bad' loss against a decent Gopher club. And with Michigan spiraling downward faster than the stock market these days, we are still in search of our first 'good win' of the season. It's now mid-October. We only have a few more opportunities against quality conferenece opponents. It may take beating Ohio State to set the record straight. It's put up or shut up in my opinion. So, let's get going guys. Let'ts get back to the fundamentals which have cost us our three losses. The time for whining about our problems is over. 90% of the country could care less about our deficiencies. And the other 10% is glad we have them.
+We actually 'gave' them 13 points today on offense. The defense didn't give up 27 points today. Good news there at least. The defense is improving each week, I think. But give credit to a very good Minnesota squad. They've turned the corner from last year's campaign and are now 6-0 (bowl eligible). This is going to be a good team with Decker, Eskridge, and Weber. That trio gives them the offense they need to compete in this conference and beyond.There wasn't much good news, but I did take some comfort in the following:
+- Our receiving core is young, but talented. Bunch of studs in Benn, Duvalt, Judson, Jenkins, Sykes, and Cumberland. They're going to develop even more as the season progresses. A.J. announced his arrival on the scene today as a true freshmen with 3 receptions for a whopping 117 yards and 2 monster TDs. Benn is a true stud (one of the best in the land) who ended up wtih 12 receptions for 181 yards. Nice.
+- Williams had another awesome showing, at least statistically. I already alluded to his 460 passing yards on 26 of 42. He also had 18 rushes, but for just 41 yards. Minnesota bottled him up for most of the afternoon.
+- The DEFENSE played well again today, and forced 1 key fumble late in the game. Sure, they gave up 312 on 61 plays, but only 14 points in all honesty.
+- Up next, Indiana at home. Then we travel to Madison before getting Iowa at home. All games we can win if we play like we did in Ann Arbor. All games we will lose if we play like we did today against the Gophers. Ugh!
+MY NEW 10 -
+- Alabama - didn't play this week. Probably would have lost otherwise. Inherit #1.
+- Texas - after doing what most thought was unlikely, horns are #2 for now and face a brutal schedule in conference. They get MIZZOU next at home. For now, 6-0.
+- Penn State - scary team. Dismantled a marginal Wisconsin club. What's happening in Madison.
+- Oklahoma - no shame in losing to an awesome TEXAS club this year in the Cotton Bowl.
+- Florida - when you beat LSU that's news. When you lay 51 on that defense, that's special.
+- USC - defense is stout even if the offense sputters at times. No problems today with ASU.
+- BYU - only an 18 point win over New Mexico at home. Not overly impressive, but still unblemished on the card. We learn more this Thursday at TCU (nation's best defense). Until then at least, make it 16 in a row, nation's longest.
+- Oklahoma State - beating Mizzou in Columbia is impressive. Holding them under 50 is amazing. And that's 2 straight against the TIGERS in Columbia. First time the COWBOYS beat a top-10 club since 2001, under Les Miles.
+- Texas Tech - Red Raiders struggled with Nebraska. Their defense is suspect. Their offense isn't.
+- Ohio State - don't look now. The Buckeyes are 6-1 (bowl eligible yet again).
+And what else did we learn this weekend? Maybe, just maybe, the BIG-12 is the BEST in the LAND. I've been saying all year the the SEC is the best CFB conference in America. Last weekend I had them in a dead sprint with the BIG-12. But, as I think more deeply about this question, I'm leaning more and more towards the BIG-12, at least for now. There's no question they possess the most potent offenses in the country. So, w/o further hesitation, I give you my latest BCS conference rankings:
+- BIG-12
+- SEC
+- BIG-10
+- ACC
+- BIG EAST / PAC-10
+The Bottomline - Welcome back Alabama, Texas, and Penn State to national prominence. At least for a week, I won't be talking about Florida, Oklahoma, Georgia, LSU, or USC. It's like the 1960's all over again. Rece Davis of ESPN had a good observation in that for the 2nd time in three weeks 3 of the TOP-5 all went down. It's just another crazy season of CFB. I do know this; you better bring it each and every week. Not that preparation alone is good enough to win. Not that desire can always overcome mistakes. Not that perfecting your skills is any guarantee of the outcome. But more and more across the landscape of college football, if you expect to win each and every time you take the field you better execute to win. Intentions aren't good enough. There is no room for excuses. The harsh reality (and probably in part what makes it so great) is that when the new rankings come out on Sunday the picture could not be more black and white. Each game is a play-off game. Every week matters.
+Saturday, October 04, 2008
+Week #6 - Here Comes the Chief!
+Chief on the Tribe -
+I know, I know - before you even say it. Sure, this wasn't the Michigan of old, of Schembechler, Moler, or Carr. Yes, these Wolverines are a young bunch searching for an identity under 1st-year coach, Rich Rodgriguez. Still yet, today's ILLINI performance in Ann Arbor was historic (45-20 final score). Yes, on Saturday we broke an 84-year old mark with our 45 points in the BIG HOUSE. The old record was set by Red Grange's 1924 club. And finally, we have a 'quality' win to move us to 3-2 (1-1 in conference). And when you look at the two losses, they don't look so bad at this point do they? At least we played Mizzou and Penn State competitively for most of those games.
+Give credit to the coaching staff this week. The tribe was ready to play in front of our second 100K road audience in as many weeks. And this time, we came through in a BIG WAY (45-20). What was impressive to me about this win wasn't the W but the way we did it. Down 14-3 early, it could have been a long day in Ann Arbor. But, when Juice took charge in the 2nd quarter with a quick 10-yard TD scamper you knew it was game on. From there, he put his stamp on this team and would not be denied. Yes indeed, put it down. On 10/4/2008 Isiah Williams announced to the league and nation that this is his team going forward.
+And kudos to my much-maligned defense for finally stepping up in the 2nd quarter. Michigan really didn't have an answer the rest of the game. At times, we made them look bad - really bad. It was a slow start and more of the same in the 1st quarter: missed tackles, blown coverages, and poor positioning. I guess it helps when your offense reals - off 42 points to their 7. Still yet, the defense came to play today for most of the game. Miller was amazing, make big play after big play all day. The D-line grew up today in front of our eyes. And the secondary made a few nice plays as well.
+Yes, it was the 108th homecoming for the EVIL EMPIRE today. What a glorious victory in the BIG HOUSE. Benn, Dufrene, and Williams (the terrific trio) had monster days. Williams rushed for 120 and passed for 310, accounting for 4 TDs and no turnovers. It's probably too early to mention him and Heisman in the same sentence, but if he keeps putting up numbers like this it won't be much of a decision. Next year. Next year. Enjoy the helmet sticker Isiah. Benn had 6 catches for 122 yds. And while Daniel only had 46 tough yards on the ground, he had 77 in the air including a monster TD in the 1st half. Yes, it was a good day in most areas of the game.
+On the downside, our special teams needs work, especially on PUNT and KICK-OFF coverage. With the offense finally starting to click, they should have plenty of chances to improve. We gave up far too many return yards today (243 yds), especially in that 1st half. And while Juice did have a big day, he only hit 50% of his 26 pass attempts. There's room for improvement there. Other stats to consider: 11th in BIG - 10 in points allowed (94th nationally) and just 10th in total defense (75th in nation). We give up 29.6 points per game and 371 total yards. Yuck! It's a good thing we put up 35.6 ppg and 455.6 ypg, respectively.
+Looking ahead, always dangerous, we finally get back home for our next two games where we should be heavy faves (Minnesota and Indiana). Then we hit the road again play Wisconsin in Madison before closing with Iowa and Ohio State at home, Western Michigan and NW on the road. 10-2 isn't impossible, but 9-3 or 8-4 is more likely given the schedule. At this point, 7-5 would be a bit of a disappointment. Anything less than 7 wins would be a letdown, especially after last year. Keep in mind, we were expected to take a step back this year from 9-3 as we re-load for next year and a possible BIG10 / Championship run. At 3-2 (1-1) we're in good shape. We needed a 'quality' win; which this was by all accounts. After last week's road loss, Penn State is clearly the cream of the conference. But, we're right there should they slip up. Check out the latest bowl picture.
+Message to coaches - Do it like you've done it before. And play up to the level of the competition, and beyond. Stop the run and you'll have more fun! We need to get the next two as we continue to improve, especially on defense and special teams. We'll need those skills up in Madison. I'm hoping this was our 'get off' game of the year, propelling us on our way. So, enjoy this one for 24 hours, a truly historic - our biggest win over BIG BLUE. The last time Michigan gave up 45 points at home was 1991 against Florida State (51). I expect these winning results to help us on the recruiting trail where our 2009 team is 34th nationally, and only 6th in conference right now behind the big boys like Ohio State, Michigan, Penn State, Wisconsin, and Michigan State.
+My Top 10 -
+- Oklahoma - Taking care of business in Baylor today. Next week is HUGE! Bradford and McCoy will finally get to duke it out against each other. Who has the better 'D'?
+- Missouri - Simply amazing offensive machine. Another beatdown in Lincoln tonight. It's OK Ted, they do this to just about everybody. Scary team!
+- Alabama - Scratchy win over Kentucky in a trap road game for the TIDE. They move on in the SEC. A bit surprising they didn't dominate more here.
+- LSU - Off this week. Holding steady. Off to Gainesville next week. Oh my! Could easily swap them with #3 above. Let's see what they do agains the GATORS first. Bama has better wins right now.
+- Texas - Blew out the Buffs in Boulder. Red River Shootout at the Cotton Bowl next. Colt and Company are rollin'. I'd be a little worried about the pass 'D' if I were a UT fan.
+- Penn State - Good but not great road win today in West Lafayette. I've been saying it all year, fear Joe Pa this year. Where's the first loss in the schedule? Lot of football to be played.
+- USC - Back on track tonight against a disillusioned duck squad. Injuries starting to pile up. Too much for Oregon tonight. Far and away the BEST compilation of players in PAC-10.
+- Texas Tech - Yep, they're for real this year - at least on offense. Ask Kansas State.
+- BYU - Beating UTAH STATE to extend the nation's longest winning streak to 15 was the good news. Bad news, AF lost to NAVY.
+- Ohio State - Gutty back and forth comeback win on the road. Watchout for the Buckeyes. This just in, they have a QB.
+Conference Ratings - not that conferences win Championships; teams do. That being said, there's a lot riding on how conferneces are perceived internally and externally across the nation. From recruiting to pride, it matters.
+- SEC / BIG 12 - I just don't see much of a difference between the two anymore. BIG-12 obviously has the better offenses. SEC plays stout defense. You pick 'em.
+- BIG 10 - Penn State, Illinois, Ohio State, NW, and Michigan State lead the way in a very deep conference. It's going to get interesting in early November.
+- ACC - UNC, Va Tech, FSU, Ga Tech, BC, and Duke all have winning records right now.
+- BIG EAST / PAC 10 - UCONN gets blown out by UNC. OS loses to UTAH. I'm still not sure how the PAC-10 will have 7 bowl-eligible teams to fill those slots.
+Looking Ahead - Week 7 promises to be awesome. Here are some of the games I'll be looking forward to next week:
+- LSU @ Florida - another SEC clash that will shape the national championship picture.
+- Texas & Oklahoma - in the Cotton Bowl. Probably another classic Red-River Showdown.
+- Penn State @ Wisconsin - I know, but winning in Camp Randall is tough!
+- Notre Dame @ UNC - Hmmmm .....
+- Poker Night in Woodhaven - always a game to look forward to.
+- World's largest basketball practice on 10/11 after Minnesota and Illini gridders.
+Segment D – Torrance to Playa Del Rey – View Google Map – View Photos
+Distance: 20.1 miles 50 stairways 1,347 up-steps Total Climb: 1,635 feet
+Facebook Event on 5 Nov 2016
+Facebook Event on 2 Jun 2018
+Cities/Regions: Torrance, Seaside, Redondo Beach, Hermosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, El Segundo, Dockweiler State Beach, Playa Del Rey
+Official Finishers:
+Dan Gutierrez, Jonathan Chaalan, Junie Wood, Dave Rucker on 5 Nov 2016 | Pat and Elizabeth Schirmer, Jane Fransella on 1 Apr 2017 | Dave and Kristy Moorman, Evelyn Sanchez, Olivia Oshimo on 17 Jun 2017 | Jeff Rozema, Kathy Lopez, Teresa Cavazos, Maribel Sanchez, Jose Terriquez on 22 Jul 2017 | Maria Casillas on 29 Jul 2017 | Luis Prado on 30 Sep 2017 | James Peterson, Alfredo Salgado on 11 Mar 2018 | Gaelle Gralnek, Marla Stephenson Thornton on 9 Jun 2018 | Lisa Digger, Jason Songhurst on 7 Apr 2019 | Who will be next?
+Route Features: Starting at a shopping center in Torrance, this route is relatively flat to rolling, traversing residential neighborhoods in Torrance and Redondo Beach, climbing and descending stairways along: the bluffs at Redondo Beach, the Redondo Beach Pier (where we will climb the gorgeously tiled “Ocean Steps” stairway), Hermosa Beach (where we will take a lunch break), and hilly Manhattan Beach, descending to a relatively flat beach bike path walk for the last 4 miles of the route, ending in Playa Del Rey. This is very much a beach stairs route, with most of the climbing being in stairways, and a few hills in Manhattan Beach.
+Start Location: Calle Mayor and Pacific Coast Highway, which is bus accessible via Metro Bus Line 232 along Pacific Coast Highway connecting to the Metro Silver Line Bus and also the Metro Blue Line Train.
+Finish Location: Vista Del Mar and Culver Blvd, which is bus accessible via Metro Bus Line 115 which travels east along Manchester connecting to the Metro Silver Line Bus, and the Metro Blue Line Train.
+Transit Connections: Finish to Start: From the finish at Vista Del Mar and Culver, catch the Metro Bus Line 115 on the south side of Culver, just west of Vista Deal Mar, which heads east on Manchester, and then get off at Sepulveda Blvd, and transfer to Metro Bus Line 102 south on Sepulveda, to the LAX City Bus Center. At the center, take Metro Bus Line 232 south on Pacific Coast Highway back to the start at Calle Mayor.
+DTLA to Start: Take the Metro Silver Line Bus to the Pacific Coast Highway Station, go downstairs on the north side of the street, and transfer to the Metro Bus Line 232, taking it west, to the start at Pacific Coast Highway at Calle Mayor.
+Finish to DTLA: On the return trip, take Metro Bus Line 115 east on Manchester the Metro Silver Line Bus, at the Manchester/Harbor Freeway Station, or continue further east to the Metro Blue Line Train at the Firestone Station (Manchester changes name to Firestone shortly before the station is reached). Do note that the Silver Line serves both the 7th/Metro Station and Union Station, thus providing links to the Blue, Red, Purple, Expo, and Gold Metro Rail Lines.
+Route Description:
+Miles 0-5: We start by climbing 3 inland stairways in the Seaside neighborhood of Torrance in a 3 mile march to the bluffs above the beach. First we climb the 52 Vanderhill/Bindewald stairways steps, and do a walk along Linda Dr northward to a small residential stairway connecting up 23 steps to Sepulveda Blvd from Redbeam Ave. Then from there we work our way to Prospect, then Palos Verdes Blvd, to climb up 13 steps on the Ynez Ave stairway, then use Ave D, then avenue C, passing the 3 mile mark, to reach our first beach bluff stairway, which we will climb, after descending an adjacent steep downward ramp. After Climbing Ave C stairs, we will zig-zag along the beach bluffs, climbing and descending 6 stairways in this order (u = up, d = down): 92u, 61d, 17u, 51d, 73u, and 46d, passing the 4 mile mark and arriving at the Redondo Beach Pier. At the Pier we will be doing a series of 5 stairways, including this mosaic tile beauty, The Ocean Steps:
+At the end of those 5 stairways we will be on Catalina Ave, and begin an inland trek on Diamond St, crossing the 5 mile mark at PCH, ending this section of the walk.
+Miles 5-10: Continuing inland on Diamond, we work our way up hill to Beryl pass the 6 mile point, then jog over to 190th St, to descend a small 14 step stairway that will take us after a few blocks on 190th to Green St, which we will take north, past the 7 mile mark, all the way north to Artesia, and after crossing the street, we will descend an unexpected 20 step stairway, and walk down a smooth dirt walkway to back to Matthews St. Form there we will do a residential street route, essentially paralleling Aviation Blvd, pass the 8 mile flag, and ultimately connect to Pier Ave in Hermosa Beach to reach the median pathway between Valley and Ardmore, that runs for 3 miles north to Manhattan Beach. We will use selected parts of this greenway. We enter the greenway by first walking parallel to it to the west, using a 26 step school stairway to climb up to the walking trail, which we will take northwest to 21st St, turning northeast, up to Pacific Coast Highway (PCH), passing the 10 mile mark, and continuing northwest on PCH for about 1/4 mile to intersection with Artesia, in Hermosa Beach, that serves as our lunch stop. There are many eating establishments from which to choose in the shopping center at the northeast corner. This is the end of this second section of the walk.
+Miles 10-15: After lunch, the route takes us back to the Valley/Ardmore greenway, via Gould Ave, which is the continuation of Artesia Blvd west of PCH. We descend a small 11 step stairway on Gould to reach the greenway. The route continues for another mile, going up a 15 step, passing the 11 mile flag, then up another 22 step stairway to reach Manhattan Beach Blvd, and turn west heading downhill toward the Manhattan Beach Pier, easily visible in front of us. before taking a long walk on a short pier, we turn right heading northwest on Manhattan Ave, which heralds the beginning of your Manhattan Beach stairway trek where we will zig-zag up and down 14 small to medium sized stairways in just under 2.5 miles of walking, ending with a 76 up step stairway in a school, that will lead us to the 14 mile mark of the route, just outside the school. From there it is an interesting trek along a walkway that will take us to Grandview Ave, that as named offers grand views of the surrounding inland region. At the end of Grandview Ave, the street becomes a walkway only, taking us to one of the upper entrances to Sand Dune Park, where we will immediately descend a 162 step stairway to the bottom of the park, walk along the bottom, to the north end of the park, and climb the largest stairways of the day, a 208 step monster that will take up back up to the Grandview walkway. From there we will backtrack slightly to enter the park one last time and descend to the bottom of a 54 step stairway we will climb to ecit the park on 31st St, which we will take downhill to Highland Ave, the main drag in Manhattan Beach. We head northwest on Highland, and reach the 15 mile mark at Beach Pizza, just past 33rd St, continuing on to Rosecrans Ave, which concludes this section of the route.
+Miles 15-20: The last 5 miles of the route are mostly a flat stair-less walk along the beach, but to get there, we must descend and do the last few stairways of the route. Continue west and downhill on Rosecrans, descending the 31 step stairway to the beach bike path, head north west and climb the 12 steps of the 38th St stairway and continue along The Strand walkway to 44th St, and descend 24 steps in two flights to reach the beach bike path again. Now settle in for a long beach walk on the path. Walk past the power station passing the 16 mile mark en route, and continue up the coast, heading northwest past the 17 mile flag, the Dockweiler Youth Center, the El Segundo Cafe, the Dockweiler RV park, to reach the Imperial Highway entrance to Dockweiler State Beach. Head up the hill and out of the state beach to Vista Del Mar, cross it at Imperial, and continue northwest on the east (inland) side of the street, which has a sidewalk. Continuing on the Vista Del Mar sidewalk, past the 18 mile mark, you will pass the neighborhood at the end of the runways at LAX that was never built, though the streets were laid out and paved. Be sure to look up and watch the commercial airliners take off overhead. You will get to see their undersides up-close and personal! After about a mile and a half, well past the 19 mile marker, you will reach Napoleon St, the first street north of the LAX airport. In about 1/2 mile more of northwest walking, you will reach the intersection of Vista Del Mar with Culver Blvd, where there are a number of coffee shops and other eating establishments.
+Post Segment D Selfies: Top 5 Nov 2016 – Dan Gutierrez, Jonathan Chaalan [Junie Wood, Dave Rucker also finished] | Bottom 1 Apr 2017 – Elizabeth Schirmer, Jane Fransella, Pat Schirmer
+Post Segment D Selfie: Olivia Oshimo, Evelyn Sanchez, Kristy and Dave Moorman on 17 Jun 2017
+Congratulations, you have reached the 20 mile mark, and the end of the segment!
+Lamp Unto My Feet
+Psalm 119:105
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+VISITORS
+2014
+Sonya
+-- Orleans Seventh Day Adventist, Ottawa
+Michelle Hudson
+-- Greenfield Community Church
+Crystal --
+Judy --
+Sherry --
+Carol --
+Regiel --
+Jenny --
+Jackee Herring --
+Jenny
+-- Zion Lutheran, Milaca, MN - Sunday School Coordinator
+Margorie
+-- Sunday School Teacher
+Angie Wray --
+Michelle
+-- Park City, Kentucky
+Chad
+-- Crosspointe Baptist Church, Cincinnati, Ohio
+Chelsea --
+Hayworth Christian School (High Point)
+Lorna
+-- Havenhill Baptist Church
+Diane Cowart
+-- Thankful Baptist Church
+LaRee Langley
+-- Christ's Independent Baptist Church Elm City, NC
+Sandy
+-- Farmington
+Laurna
+-- Church of Christ On. Canada
+Julie
+-- Victory Baptist Church
+More Friends -- Laura, Margaret, Jody, Dave, Marcy, Diana, Frank, Deepak, Sherry & Timothy
+2013
+Annie
+-- Grace Tabernacle Assembly of God, Blanford, Indiana
+Lois
+-- Cornerstone Ministries
+Debbie
+-- Bible Baptist Church
+Melanie
+-- Fellowship Baptist Church, NC
+Michael
+-- Cornerstone Fellowship Church
+Donna
+-- Divine Grace
+Rod
+-- The One Minute Message
+Anita
+-- Salem United Methodist Church
+Dela
+-- Payatas, Quezon City, Philippines
+Sherry
+-- Bethel UPC
+Michael
+-- Hayworth Christian School
+Denise
+-- First Bible Baptist - Blue Springs
+Simone
+-- Church Group
+Michael
+-- Temple, GA
+Jeannette
+-- Graceway Ministries - Warriors for Christ Youth Ministry
+Debbie
+-- Catawba, NC
+More Friends
+--
+Wesley, Danielle, Laureance, Rudy, Marsha, Nancy, Camille, Nicki, Teri, Rosie, Sheila, Keli, Arosa, Mary, Marie, Shelley, Trudy, Victoria, and Jahri
+2012
+Bazaleel
+-- Bangalore, India
+Sonya
+-- New Prospect Missionary Baptist Church
+Teresa
+-- Faith Baptist Church Thomasville GA
+Teresa
+-- Watts Grove Baptist Church
+Debra --
+Mena AR
+C & C Morris
+-- Happy Valley Baptist Church, Leicester NC
+Pastor Jeh
+-- Liberia
+Dee
+-- The Chief Cornerstone Church Missouri
+Mr. Bill
+-- St James Anglican Church Orillia Ontario Canada
+Ronda and Shane
+-- Friendship Babtist Church
+Julie
+-- Asheboro, NC
+Ken and Frances
+-- Weldon Baptist Church in Weldon NC
+Suzan
+-- United Church of Jesus Christ
+Jenny
+-- Cornwall
+Other Friends -- Jessi, Stephanie, Sarah, Juanita, Josephine, Kayla, Janene, Ray, Annie, Amos, Christy, Susie, Rossie, Brenda, Rhonda, Sara, Sherry
+,
+Sarah, Kathy, Steven, Joann, Michael, Dana, Janice, Marjorie, Sheila, Melrose, Santha, Janey, &Tricia
+2011
+Linda
+-- Berean Bible Church, Tucson, Az
+Jennifer
+-- The School Of The Good Shepherd
+George
+-- Mount Carmel Baptist Church
+Suzy
+-- UK
+Jorge
+-- North Auroa
+Edrena
+-- Jacksonville, Florida
+Bubby
+-- Grace Penecostal
+Fiona
+-- Motherwell, Scotland
+Inusah
+-- St Augustine
+Jill
+-- Oklahoma
+Mowava
+-- Newland East
+Gerald
+--
+Grace Baptist Church, Newport, NC
+Pastor Parker
+--The Church of Jesus Christ of the Apostolic Faith
+Tabitha
+-- Grace Church
+Minister Pierce
+-- Rising Son Baptist Church
+Rachel
+-- Hayworth Christian School
+Romario
+-- Jomaica
+Others
+--
+Laura, Melissa, Kenteira, Judy, Pearl. Renita, Beth, Lindsey, Deborah, Elizabeth, Kala, Danielle, Jean, Jade, Jecome, Sandra, Sasha, Augustine, Charlotte, Steve, Danny, Charles
+2010
+Freda
+-- Navi Mumbai, India
+Akeisha -
+- Geddes Town S.D.A. Church
+Kevin
+-- True Gospel Baptist Church, Trinity, NC
+Karen
+-- Holy Apostles Church
+Crystal
+-- Iglesia Israelita Casa de Dios
+Charity
+-- Hilltop Baptist Church
+Jordan
+-- University of Notre Dame
+Annie
+-- Home School
+Jacqueline
+-- St. Martin
+Jewel
+-- Trinity, North Carolina
+Beverly
+-- Howard United Methodist Church
+Maggie
+-- Conechuh River Baptist Church
+Caitlin
+-- Home School
+Natalie
+-- Archdale Trinity Middle School NC
+Michelle
+-- Riverbank Christian Worship Center
+Rodean
+-- Lil Angels Childcare
+Jasmine
+-- Howick Baptist Church, New Zealand
+Suzanna
+-- Bibleway Baptist Church, Trinidad & Tobago
+Moni
+-- South Flint Seventh-Day Adventist Church
+Kandace
+-- Illinois
+Trish
+-- Reidville Road United Methodist
+Belinda
+-- Home Bible Study
+Brenda
+-- FairView Church of Christ,Barbados
+Phaye
+- Kindgom Investment Ministry ,Tucker GA
+Lynn
+- Iowa
+Quine
+- Trinidad
+Others -- Josephine, Raj, Joy, Rose, Sophu, Melinda, Faye, Gabriella, Sola, Beverly, Carmen, Stacey & Jun
+2009
+Minie
+-- Philippines
+Anise
+-- New Birth Apolistic Church
+Janeen
+-- Boise, Idaho
+Sandra
+-- Greater Power B.C. Pleak, TX
+Jowen
+-- Liberty Baptist Church, Fiji
+Dakeisha
+-- Church of Father Baptist
+Harold
+-- Woodland, ME
+Vanessa
+-- Trinidad
+Terri
+-- Sidney, Maine
+Lia
+-- Hawaii
+Cheryl
+-- Moline, Illinois
+Michele
+-- Upton Lake Christian School
+Jamie
+-- Bushnell, Fl
+Other Friends -- Cindy, Dorothy
+,
+Seanna, Misti, Paula, Marsha, Denise, Terrance, & Melana
+2008
+Jack
+-- Jamestown, NC
+Regina
+-- Our Redeemer Lutheran Church
+Toph
+-- Christian School
+Ruth K
+-- Ontario, Canada
+Natalie
+-- Archdale Elementary School
+Michelle
+-- Trinity High School, NC
+Kim
+-- Des Moines Iowa
+Daniella
+-- Trinity Tabernacle of Gravesend
+Elizabeth
+-- Olivet Nazarene University
+Joyce
+-- Colonial Heights, VA
+Guy
+-- Lighthouse Baptist Church LaVerne, CA
+Jenna
+-- Lawerenceville, Georgia
+Sharita
+-- Rock Solid Youth Ministries
+Ashley
+-- Archdale Trinity Middle School
+Gilbert --
+New Covenant Church Of God
+Tina --
+Patuxent Baptist Church
+Tanya --
+Bellingham, WA
+Beverly --
+Pleasant Ridge Baptist, FL
+Franny --
+Trinity Tabernacle of Gravesend, Brooklyn NY
+Jewelle --
+Kitchener Church of God
+Angela --
+Poyen, AR
+Carol --
+Columbia Congregational Church
+Other Friends -- Leylah, Troy, Pat, Vanessa, Sandy, Eliza, Everline, Sandi, Kelli, Jake, Linda, Donna, Maxine, and Nancy
+2007
+Chaplain Jim --
+Extended Hand Ministries
+Tom --
+N Wilksboro, NC
+Joan --
+Fountain of Praise
+Sallie --
+CGTC
+Julie --
+Thomasville, NC
+Ashley --
+Trinity High School, NC
+Andrew --
+Faith Fundamental Baptist Church,
+Panabo City, Philippines
+Jewel --
+Archdale, NC
+Vicki --
+Ozona, Texas
+Makayla --
+Pine Grove Baptist Church
+Wanda --
+Second Baptist
+Greta --
+Paoli Peaks
+Tina --
+Faith Christian School
+Joy --
+Wales
+Yvonne --
+Irvin High School El Paso, TX
+Ronda --
+Taylorsville, NC
+Tracy --
+Havelock, NC
+Christie --
+Paragould, Arkansas
+Sherry --
+St. Clair, MO
+Barb --
+Alberta, Canada
+Other Friends -- Phyllis, Molly, Sonja, Karen, Shaunte, Ryan, Dorla, Guy, and C D Woods
+2006
+Luba --
+American River College
+Anna --
+Montana
+Kerri --
+El Dorado Springs, Missouri
+Kasi --
+Blackjack Church Of God
+Alyson --
+Blackjack Church Of God -
+El Dorado Springs, Missouri
+Amanda --
+Homeschool
+Nydia --
+Iglesia Cristiana Nueva Vida- Killeen, TX
+John --
+Russell Christian
+Maggie --
+First Baptist Missionary Church Sunday School
+James --
+Poovey's Chapel, Hudson, NC
+Bill --
+Trinity, NC
+Brittany --
+Pine Grove Baptist Church, Archdale, NC
+Marie --
+Lake City, SC
+Peri --
+Memphis, TN
+Carmel --
+South Africa
+Jennifer --
+Archdale, NC
+Becca --
+Ohio
+Shara --
+Calhoun, Ga
+Roger --
+Charlevoix UMC Michigan
+Patti --
+Homeschool Mom in PA
+Elaine --
+Gospel Baptist Church, NC
+Kelli --
+East Mississippi Community College
+Doris --
+First Fundamental Baptist Church of Central Jersey
+Jim --
+Florida
+Juliet --
+Student
+Lori --
+Florida
+Pastor Woods --
+Pine Grove Baptist Church, NC
+Linda --
+Bank of North Carolina
+Ruth --
+California
+Jane --
+Keystone
+Jo --
+Glory Barn Church
+Other Readers -- Caroline, Gabriel, Linda, Tracy, Victoria, Sherry, Jennifer, Felicia, Marilyn, Bonita, and Billy
+2005
+Mary --
+Valdese, NC
+Sherry --
+Hillsboro
+Tracey --
+Atlanta, Geogia
+Kelli --
+East Mississippi Community College
+Stanley --
+Carthage, NC
+Michelle --
+Monticello
+Tony --
+Princeton, WV
+Donna --
+King, NC
+Maurice --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Mitch --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Ericka --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Other Readers -- Don, Debbie, Kimberly, Roger, Paul, Jody, Betty, John, and Connie
+2004
+Marcelina --
+California
+Jack --
+Vincennes, IN
+Kelly --
+Florida Christian College
+Vickie --
+Trinity High School, NC
+Mary Beth --
+Kelly's School
+,
+Whittier, NC
+Tracey --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Lachelle --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Allison --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Gigi --
+Philippines
+Susie --
+Thomasville, NC
+Danielle --
+Trinity High School, NC
+Meredith --
+Trinity High School, NC
+Will --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Anna --
+Greenville, NC
+Betzy --
+High Point, NC
+Lou Anne --
+High Point, NC
+Mattie Sue --
+Trinity, NC
+Donna --
+Ft. Valley, Georgia
+Mary --
+Thomasville, NC
+Mary --
+Jacksonville, NC
+Richard --
+John & Donna --
+Omaha, Nebraska
+Lori --
+MCAS Yuma, AZ
+Kay --
+Thomasville, NC
+Tracy --
+MCAS Cherry Point, NC
+Louise --
+West Virginia
+Jim & Betty --
+Archdale, NC
+Janet --
+Asheboro, NC
+Bill and Winnie --
+Denton, Texas
+Pastor Tim & Heidi Tripp --
+Lagrange, NC
+Linette --
+Kinston, NC
+Katie --
+North Davidson High School
+Anna --
+North Davidson Middle School
+Janie --
+Thomasville, NC
+Karen --
+Thomasville, NC
+Cindi --
+Thomasville, NC
+Caleb --
+Braxton Craven Middle School, Trinity, NC
+2003
+David --
+NCSU, Raleigh, NC
+Daniel --
+Piedmont Bible College, Winston Salem, NC
+Joshua --
+Trinity High School, Trinity, NC
+Susanna --
+Archdale Trinity Middle School, Achdale, NC
+Missy --
+Trinity High School, Trinity, NC
+Jessica --
+East Davidson High School, Thomasville, NC
+Lauren --
+University of NC at Charlotte
+Ashley --
+Winston-Salem State University, NC
+Richard --
+Church Youth Leader, High Point, NC
+Matthew --
+DCCC, Lexington, NC
+Deanne --
+DCCC, Lexington, NC
+John --
+Church Youth Leader, High Point, NC
+Jess --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Sheena --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Nathan --
+NCSU, Raleigh, NC
+Christina --
+Piedmont Baptist College, Winston Salem, NC
+Brittany --
+Colfax Elementary School, Colfax, NC
+Jonathan --
+Trinity High School, Trinity, NC
+Andrea --
+ATMS, Archdale, NC
+Vickie --
+ATMS, Archdale, NC
+Sam --
+ATMS, Archdale, NC
+Candace --
+East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
+Renee --
+FTCC
+Daniel --
+Anderson, IN
+Leah --
+Anderson, IN
+Hannah --
+Trinity High School, Trinity, NC
+Breanne --
+UNC Wilmington
+Larry --
+Fort Bragg, NC (Iraq)
+Sunshine --
+Trinity, NC
+Jan --
+GTTC
+Other Friends: Rose, Tessa, Charity, Ann,
+Peggy, Emma, Miranda, Michael, April,
+Mary, Jerry, Marlena, Donna, Lauren
+Scripture Reference Index:
+"Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
+who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ:" Ephesians 1:3
+I have been praying for a new devotional theme and as I was babysitting my grandchildren yesterday I noticed the Bible verses that Daniel and Allison have on display throughout the house. What a wonderful testimony for all who visit them. Over the mantle was an autumn plaque that said, "Count Your Blessings". With today being the first day of November I think it is a wonderful time for us to count our blessings. I am so blessed I think we can make it all the way to Thanksgiving!
+Top
+Susanna's Music
+"This is cool" Terrance
+"Great Job!!! Keep up the good work!!! Natalie
+"What a wonderful site full of great Bible learning activities. Thank you so much!" Trish
+"Incredible wonderful site." Joyce
+"Cool Site" Pat
+"Wonderful site Thank you!" Marie
+"This is a great site!" Elizabeth
+"Very nice website" Bill
+"Very Nice Site!" Ruth
+"Keep up the good work" Extended Hand Ministries
+"The devotion verses this week were very helpful for children verses. Thanks" Julie
+"It is so great to find a website that still uses the original version of His word... the KJV Bible" Tina
+"This is an awesome website! I love it!" Andrea
+"This site is really great!" Lauren
+Prayer Letter From India
+"Send me everyday devotion" Susie
+I don't have my computer set up to send emails daily, but you can find a new devotion daily on the Devotions page.
+"What teaching can I bring re "Birds of a feather flock together" to pre-teens ...to show the importance of Godly friendships?" Annie
+You may find some helpful information on the
+Biblical Choices page
+or
+Questions page.
+"Hey everybody.. MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A EARLY HAPPY NEW YEAR" Luba
+"I am a youth Sunday School Teacher, a youth Bible Class Teacher, and Adult Mission teacher. This is an Excellent Website. It is full of outstanding Bible knowledge, and avtivites for learning all about Out Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. I love the materials. Thanks, keep up the great work." Maggie
+"My pastor just appointed me to be the youth leader at my church. I don't know any of the youth- my husband and I joined only two months ago. I'm approaching my first youth group session and had no idea as to what to do with them. Thanks be to God for leading me to your awesome website! Please keep up the job you're doing- you are truly a blessing to people like me!" Shaunte
+"Kind Regards" Carmel
+"My first time visiting your website, and I think it is great........." Ruth
+"This site is cool!!!" Sam
+"We heard of your site from the youth jubilee at Pine Grove Baptist Church. Thanks for something good on the net!!"
+Jennifer
+"This Site, is very helpful to the Christian in the World today, I appreciate your stand on the Word of God, I Peter 1:25" Mitch
+"Hey, this is very cool!!!!" Vickie
+"A very nice website please keep adding to it." Jack
+"I'm thankful for your web site. It is encouraging, helpful, full of wonderful helps and ideas. A blessing to all who read. Thanks" Shara
+"What a great blessing your devotions are to me each day. I try to come on each day and read them as I grow in my walk with God!!" Jennifer
+"Periodically, I help lead in Chapel services so the activities from off of your site really helps me to add to my topic that the Lord wants students to focus on. Thanks for your information." Jane
+"This story was such a blessing to me. My husband is currently serving in Iraq. I am also so proud of all our veterans." Connie
+(Memorial Day Story)
+"Just wanted to let you know that I really enjoy this sight... it really is a blessing to me everyday...so i just wanted to say "keep up the good work;-)" Thanks alot!" Ericka
+"I enjoy reading your daily devotion and I feel like being nearer to Him and almost touching Him. I get a lot of inspiration in going thru my daily walk with God." Doris
+"
+WHO IS GOD??? WHAT KIND OF PEOPLE WERE BEFORE ADAM AND EVE ???
+(PLEASE GIVE VERSES AS EVIDENCE.)"
+Suzy
+I tried to answer your question on the
+Questions
+Page.
+"This website is a blessing to me! The devotionals are very helpful to me in my every day life. Thank you for taking time to share these devotions with others" Allison
+"This is an amazing website and it gives me courage, because right now I am praying that I get into the nursing program here at school. Please, everyone that reads this put me on your prayer list that I get into the program. I am working very hard at it.:) Thanks for making this site and your wisdom in the KJV. " Candace
+"It's a great learning tool from what I can see. God Bless All" Tracey
+"Jesus leads us to where He wants us to go. I thank Him for sending me to this site." Donna
+"This sight is very uplifting. It's like a digital daily bread.
+I love it." Jess
+"This is one of the Best!! If I need a boost, I visit this site. Thanks!!" Janet
+"I love this site. It is great to find King James Version Bible ideas. Keep up the good work." Bonita
+"This website is awesome. It's a good place for some "clean fun" and to get a spritual blessing out of a simple thing like a fill in the blank." Meredith
+"I love this site! I find the devotions very motivational. Thanks for sharing your thoughts." Lachelle
+"I really enjoy this website...it helps me start the day off by praising the Lord.and it seems that every devotion fits into my life!" Jan
+"This is a blessing of the wonderful information for our Christian Church." Michelle
+"This is an awesome website. Thank you for the dedication it takes to honor God in this way." Cindi
+"I found this site interesting and resourceful. Keep continuing the great work of the Lord!!!."
+Juliet
+"Your web site is a blessing to me and my family. Keep up the good work.." Stanley
+"This is a great site! It is a great bit of encouragement for my day!" Christina
+"Thank you for all the work you put into this site. I come to it often because it is a great help in my life." Betty
+"Really enjoyed reading your site! Love the readers' stories! Keep up the good work!" Tracy
+"I just wanted to thank God for you. I, along with my husband of 1 yr & 4 mos have the task of hosting our churches annual marriage workshop & dinner. We wanted to incorporate some really fun games that will foster dialogue, since couples from various churches will be in attendance. I thank you for helping us to make the things of God fun. Continue to do what God has called for you to do. To someone this site may not have meant anything, but to me, its meant everything. I will frequent this site for additional games etc for our youth & young girls mentoring group. May God continue to bless you exceedingly and abundantly...Phaye
+Kingdom Investment Minsitry, Tucker, Ga
+"We like your Web site very much and reading your daily devotionals. Keep up the good work." Bill and Winnie
+"This is something that I can look at before work every morning, I ... really appreciate this web site!" Donna
+"Do you have any ideas of games to play at church wide gatherings. (for adults and elders that does not require running.) Looking for group involvement and possible to draw all ages into." Sherry
+Please see the Questions Page and Activities Page for ideas.
+"It is so encouraging and wonderful to read!...especially through the rough semesters at school~ thank you tons!
+God bless!" Kelly
+" I want to have a Bible jeopardy tournament this coming summer and I don't know where to start please help."
+Gabriella
+I have Christmas, Easter and Fall Bible Jeopardy games on the website. At my daughter's birthday party in May I used Bible questions for a
+Western theme Bible Jeopardy
+. The catagories were Coyboy hats (Hats in the Bible), Cowboy boots (Shoes), Horses, Cattle, and Guitars (music in the Bible), If you can tell me what type theme you will be using, I can try to find Bible questions that will go along with it. There are many games on the Activities page if you get a chance to look at them. The
+"In Like Manner"
+game is a people Bible Bingo that is a great ice breaker to help people get to know each other. There are also different catagories that could be used in
+Bible Pictionary or Bible Charades
+. Please let me know if there are any specific games I can help you with.
+"The games on this website are fantastic! I can't wait to use them for our Easter Parties at school. Thank You!"
+Becca
+"The page looks super. The Reader's page is a wonderful addition! " Janis
+"I would like to explain the two natures we have to pre-teens and teens" Faye
+Thank you for your question about the two natures of people. I once heard an old preacher that explained it to be like two dogs, a good dog and an evil dog that fight inside your mind. The one that you feed is the one that will win. If we feed the fleshly nature, the flesh will win. If we feed the spiritual nature, with Spiritual activities such as prayer, Bible reading, worship and Christian fellowship the good nature will win. Romans 7:5 is a good verse... "For they that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh; but they that are after the Spirit the things of the Spirit."
+"I was looking on the site for your "A Light For The New Year" and the representation of verses for each letter of the alphabet. Can you tell me where to find it again?"
+Michele
+You can find it on the Devotions Page
+A Light For The New Year
+also
+ABC Memory Verses
+"Outstanding web site. We were just talking at our Sunday School meeting about how to get our youth and families more "into" the Bible. Thank you and Bless you for your work!" Mr. Bill
+"When an infant child passes away where do they go?"
+Brenda
+When here on earth, Jesus took the little children into His arms and blessed them. When little children die, I believe Jesus is standing in heaven with open arms to welcome them to live in heaven forever. To be saved, we must confess our sin and believe that Jesus died to save us and ask Him to forgive us and save us. Until children reach the age of knowing they need to be saved, they are safe in the arms of Jesus.
+"Does the KJV say anything about two different races getting married?!?! I know we're not supposed to be unequally yoked! We were raised in the same church, we have the same beliefs and standards! I don't see a problem with that! But I wanted to ask and make sure of it!"
+This question has been asked before... turn to the
+Questions
+page for Biblical answers.
+"Hi, I would like to thank you for your open spirit. We are a small drama group that is very interested in performing one of your dramas. We have very little time before Christmas if you would send us your material, we would be so grateful. Thank you," Juanita
+Thank you for your interest in our plays. I sent you an email with a link to the scripts. Hopefully you can print from the web site. I also attached two of the plays in word format.
+"Does the bible speak of "Convictions?" Dee
+Thank you for your question about Bible Convictions. I looked up the word "convictions" at Dictionary.com and the first definition is "A fixed or firm belief". So, although the word "convictions" is not in the King James Bible, which is the version I use, the Bible is the basis of Christianity beliefs. We have just finished our devotional theme from the book of Exodus, which contains the basis of God's Law, The Ten Commandments. We know, through the reading of God's Word, and Holy Spirit conviction, that we are to obey the Ten Commandments. We know not to steal and not to kill. Because people could not always obey all of God's commands, sacrifices were offered to pay for sin. In the New Testament we read that Jesus, God's Son, came to die and give Himself to be our sacrifice. When we trust in Him, the Holy Spirit convicts us of our sin, and we confess and believe unto salvation. The Holy Spirit then lives in our heart and guides us through convictions. We read the Bible and God gives us understanding of Christian beliefs, and we pray for the Holy Spirit to guide us and show us right and wrong for things that are not specifically spelled out. James encourages us to ask God for wisdom (James 1:5) and several verses speak of trusting in the Lord to lead you. Please let me know if this does not help you with your question on Bible convictions.
+"How did God let people believe in Him? Did God let us choose it?" Annie
+Thank you for your question. John 3:16 tells us,
+"For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in him should not perish but have everlasting life."
+The word "whosoever" sounds a little like our word, "whatever" that we say to mean anything or everything. When the Bible says "whosoever believeth" it means anybody or everybody that will believe. God lets us choose if we want to believe in Him or not. First we need to understand that we all do wrong things, or sin, and that sin has to be punished or paid for. Jesus died on the cross to pay for our sin. If we believe that He died for us we can tell Him that we are sorry and ask Him to forgive us of our sin. When we choose to believe on Him then He will live in our heart and give us a home in heaven. Please let me know if you have any more questions.
+"Great job. May God continue to bless you as you spread His gospel."
+Sonya, Orleans Seventh Day Adventist, Ottawa
+"I love this web site. Looking forward to getting emails." Crystal
+Thank you for your kind words! I added you to our email list.
+"Devotions -- Please email" Judy
+Judy and Carol, I have added your names to our list.
+"Daily devotional - Would love to receive these!"
+Sherry
+Great! I added you to my mailing list.
+"Hi, I'm new as a Christian and I would like to know more about our Lord Jesus ..please if you can send me daily devotion to know more about our Lord and to strengthen my faith as well..thank you and Godbless" Regiel
+I sent the devotions to you by email. I will try to remember to send these to you daily. I am happy that you want to know more about our Lord Jesus and hope the devotions will help. God bless you.
+"Christmas play info: Please let me know the cost, time lengths and how to read all the scripts, it may just be technical difficulty on my end why its double typed but thanks all the same." Jenny
+There is no cost for our plays. We wrote and performed all the plays at our church and they are available to print and use at no charge. The length of the plays vary, as do the times required for performance. I do not understand why the scripts appear to be double typed. Maybe you can try another computer or printer. If you can't get the plays to print correctly, please let me know and I can email a copy of the ones you are interested in.
+"Hello, I'm trying to come up with a play for my church this Christmas. I'm looking for something that a lot of people can be in." Jackee Herring
+There is a brief description of all our plays on the
+Christmas Plays
+page. The cast list for each play tells the required number of people, but you can add additional people as desired. The scripts are available for printing. There are photos and other helpful information for some of the plays. I hope that you find one that you like. Please let me know if I can help with more information.
+"Would like to use some information in my class."
+Margorie, Sunday School Teacher
+Please use any of the devotions, games, and activities for your Sunday School class. There are games and puzzles for all ages, so I hope you can find many things to use to share God's Word.
+"I really enjoy using your plays every year at our church and was wondering if you will be putting any new ones anytime soon or do you know of any other website that uses the King James Version. I hope God Blesses you this day. Have A Blessed Day. And we have used everyone on your website. Thank You," Angie Wray
+Thank you so much for your email. It is a joy to know that someone is using our Christmas plays. I have written one for this year, that I have not posted. I sent it to you by email attachment. Please let me know if you get it and can open and print it.
+Thanks again, Beverly
+"I found this site through fantasy football (of all places) you never know where or when God will reveal himself."
+Chad, Crosspointe Baptist Church
+Cincinnati, Ohio
+"Thank you." Chelsea
+"I Love this website." Laura
+"Your site has been a life saver for my Vacation Bible School"
+Diane Cowart
+Thankful Baptist Church
+"I am VERY blessed today to find this webpage. The Lord has used your page for encouragement to me and glory to Himself. It's nice to see young ladies on a webpage that is suppose to be about Christ and His love look like what Christ expects of His children and ALL of the verses be HIS WORDS (KJV) as well as the tremendous messages in devotions I've been able to read. Not finished reading yet, but THANK YOU and TO GOD BE THE GLORY! He has done some great things and we don't share them enough! Thanks for being a blessing to me today!"
+LaRee Langley
+Serving the Lord
+In Elm City, NC
+Christ's Independent Baptist Church
+"So wonderful to find a site that helps one to grow in the Lord that also is based on the KJV." Jody
+"Should people marry within their own race, is this Biblical?" Dave
+Thank you for your question. I have been asked similar questions before and I emailed you a copy of the answer found on the
+Questions Page
+.
+"Love these......thank you so much for sharing so much with us." Marcy
+We have a small congregation and I am always looking for KJV material that would help teens through senior citizens. Could I reprint your devotions if proper recognition of this site is given? Thank you for your consideration! Diana
+Thank you for your wonderful email. It is my constant prayer that the Devotions Site will be a blessing and bring glory to God. Please print and use any of the devotions, games, puzzles, or plays to help share God's precious Word. I think you can find pages on the site to use with all ages. God bless you!
+Hi, could you please let me know where is your church situated and will it be possible for me to visit your church? Also, I would like to know more about your church.. Deepak
+I don't know where you live, but we would be happy for you to visit our church if you are not too far away.
+Pine Grove Baptist Church is located in High Point, North Carolina, USA. You can see more information about out church at
+Thanks for some great KJV resources.
+Victory Baptist Church, Julie
+Please can you tell me what the Bible teaches about Christian Meditation - and how to practice it. If you know any other Bible sites that talk about Christian Meditation that would be useful I would be pleased to hear about them. Thank You, Timothy
+Thank you for your question about Bible meditation. Psalms 1:1-2 tell us to meditate day and night.
+"Psalms 1:1 ¶."
+In the New Testament Paul told Timothy "Meditate upon these things; give thyself wholly to them; that thy profiting may appear to all." I Timothy 4:15
+As you read the Bible, pray that God will make the Word clear in your mind and heart, then think about what you read. You can read the Bible and read devotionals such as the ones I add to the web site each day.
+"Christmas Play ideas"
+Jahri
+Christmas Plays
+is the link which lists our Christmas Plays and give a description of each one. You can follow a specific link for the script of each play.
+"I'm planning on doing your Christmas play, The Christmas Essay, this year at church. I think the way you did the sheet with the lights to come on at different times is a very unique idea, but I can't quite understand how you did it. Would you mind explaining it to me? I think this is a very valuable part of the play and I don't want to leave it out when we perform it. Thanks so much for your help and for sharing your gift of writing with others."
+God Bless, Annie
+Grace Tabernacle Assembly of God Blanford, Indiana
+Thank you, Annie. I added a new page with the instructions for the lights. I hope you got my email with the link,
+Christmas Star In Lights
+"Wow. So thankful I found your site; enjoyable; great tool and wonderful source for church. God Bless you!"
+Lois
+"Can I get the daily devotional emailed to me?? I took pics of some & texted them to my daughter @ Bible College."
+Debbie
+Thank you for your interest in our Devotions Web Site. I began this web site for my son in college. I do not email the devotions, but I try to change them daily. Maybe you could send your daughter the link. In addition to the daily devotions, she may find Bible Word Puzzles, Games and Activities that she could enjoy with her friends.
+"For kids to study the bible and learn about God"
+Victoria
+"Is there a cd available for purchase for this play?"
+Shelley
+Thank you for your question about a cd for our plays. We are just a small church and write and perform our plays just before Christmas. We have several ladies in the church that play the piano and we do our own music. You might could find the songs if you searched online, or you can change the music to songs you already know.
+"I would like to have a Teacher Bible Study multiple choice questions and answers to the quiz.
+I would like to receive a KJV Bilble Study multiple choice questions on Psalm One Hundred and a Teacher Manuel and answer keys to the Psalm one hundred."
+Mary
+I really appreciate your interest in our Devotions Web Site. I do not have Teacher Manuals or other Instruction Guides. You should be able to find the answers at the bottom of each puzzle sheet. I write the devotions, Bible studies, games, and puzzles, to help others learn more about God's Word. You are free to print and use any of the information on the site.
+"Will be helpful to kids program in the church."
+Marie
+"I got this site off of my fanatasy football league
+Cornerstone Fellowship Church"
+Michael
+"I'd like to receive daily devotionals (KJV). Thank you very much, if the same can be accomplished."
+Laurence
+"Please email me daily devotions, if you do that. Thanks" Wesley
+I appreciate your interest in our Devotions Site. At this time I am not set up to email devotions daily. I work on an older, slower computer and don't think I could send them. I hope that you will check often and share God's Word with others.
+"I LOVE ANYTHING TO DO WITH GOD!!!!!"
+Kelli
+Sheila
+I am not set up to email the devotions daily, but I do try to write a new one for each day. Maybe you can add it to your favorites. Thank you for your interest in our devotions web site.
+"I was looking for a book of devotions I could do with my 6 year old son each morning. He is so proud of his reading skills and wants to read everthing. I also don't know if I should have the KJV or one of the other versions. My friends say the other versions are easier for them to read and learn. I am 45 years old and we were raised only learning from the KJV even if we didn't understand it. Oh and this is a awesome web site I just found you.
+Thanks! " Teri
+I have always used the KJV and love it. It is wonderful that you want to share the Bible with your son. I am working on some puzzles for beginning readers and hope to add them soon.
+"Thank you so much for this wonderful site, it has helped bring lots of fun and learning to our church youth group"
+Motherwell, Scotland, Fiona
+"I like to study the Bible, it makes me feel very strong. I came to the point that people are not free until they see Jesus as their Lord and Savior." Amos
+"Great source of valuable information." Debbie
+"WONDERFUL PLAYS" Josephine
+"Hi, I have a KJV page on Facebook called "The One minute Message". I do most of the postings myself, but I am always looking for Godly KJV material, and others who are willing to post short Biblical messages. My question was, would you mind if I use some of your material, devotionals, etc, to help share the Gospel. I would be sure to give all credit for the posts to you. My goal, for my page, is to reach the lost, and to encourage fellow Christians. I also invite you to check out "The One Minute Message" on Facebook. Thank you and GOD Bless," Rod
+"I am looking for great daily devotionals to help me start and finish my day- focused on God. Respectfully- I only read the KJV- not a thing else- The KJV is the Living and Breathing, Inspired Word of God- I don't see why any other version is needed. I hope this sight has what I need to help me! May God Bless you in all your endeavors." Nicki
+"This is amazing. I have a guide to where and how I should read my KJV Bible. Thanks!" Camille
+"I am blessed reading this website. By the way I am a Sunday school teacher before and now a young people worship leader at my church. I love the ideas you are sharing and hope to email me some other Bible games and skits to play so that we can also share it to our place to bless people and to win souls to Christ. Thanks. More power and God bless. Dela, Payatas, Quezon City, Philippines
+I just added a new game to the
+Activities Page for Easter
+All the games are on the web site and you are welcome to print and use the games and puzzles for God's glory. Thank you for your kind words.
+"My Christmas Essay -- We practiced this play for weeks, and tonight we had the performance for our church. Our actors were ages 4-14, and we had a mother daughter trio to sing. We did fewer songs and even changed some, but this play was amazing! Thank you so much for providing the play, parts, costume and setting ideas. This was such a blessing for the actors and the audience. I was amazed to find a scripture based play full of truth and bringing together past and present. I hope you post an Easter play. "
+Stephanie
+"Would like to know what the Christmas play was that was talked about on your site and whether you have an Easter play suitable for a small cast. Thank you! "
+Sherry, Bethel UPC
+There are several Christmas plays and you can see the links on the left side of the Questions Page. At this time I have not written an Easter play. There is a "Bible Broadcast Play" that our youth performed for the adults and they all loved it. It could be done at any time of the year. Thank you for your interest.
+"Please send me the daily devotional on God's precious promises. Thank you. " Nancy
+I am not set up to send emails daily, but I do try to change the devotions on the web site each day. Maybe you can add the page to your favorites and read daily. Thank you!
+"I am so proud of this site, and of you (my wonderful wife!). I get so much help for my class from your games and activities. God Bless You for your faithfulness to God and His Word." Michael, Hayworth Christian School
+"I have thoroughly enjoyed visiting your website... there is so much here for adults and children. Thank you so much for providing it and may God continue to bless you and your endeavors!" Jeannette
+Graceway Ministries - Warriors for Christ Youth Ministry
+"Your website is such an inspiration to me! It is difficult to find King James based devotions these days; I read them daily and have shared with friends. Your stories and many links and activities are fantastic! Thanks for
+putting so much time and effort into lifting up and encouraging others for Christ!"
+Denise, First Bible Baptist - Blue Springs
+"Just wanted to let you know you have a wonderful site! I happened across it today and have been browsing for over an hour. May the Lord continue to bless your ministry here!"
+Jessi
+"Thanks you for all these.. I am going to use your stuff in the forth coming events in our Church. God Bless you."
+Bazaleel Bangalore - India
+"Please tell me where in the Bible does it say; Jesus Christ is the captain of our salvation? Please email me back. Thank you. God bless you." Rudy
+Hebrews 2:10 "For it became him, for whom are all things, and by whom are all things, in bringing many sons unto glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect through sufferings."
+"Are any of your material in hard copies?" Marjorie
+I don't have any books in print, if that is what you mean. You are welcome to print and use any of the devotions, games, or puzzles you see on this site. My prayer is that God will be glorified and I hope this web site will be used by many to share the gospel message of our Lord. If you are not able to print what you need, send me an email and maybe I can mail you the pages you need.
+"We have found this site to be well-thought out. I am Music/Choir Director at Weldon Baptist Church in Weldon, NC. Thank you so much for the wonderful inspirational ideas you provide. You are truly a blessing to all who come upon this site. As many sites now available on the internet, I feel God led me to yours. <'}}}}><" Ken and Frances
+"Thank you for this webpage/encouragement.
+God Bless you Ray
+"I have found some very interesting thoughts and devotions on this site. So glad I stumbled across it. May God bless."
+Dee
+"Looks an interesting site." Jenny
+"LOVE THE PAGE, KEEP DOING WHAT YOUR DOING."
+Simone
+"Fun for family fun night! Thanks. Jill
+"Always looking for something for my kids on Wed. that's different." Sherry
+"Wonderful site! I've gained a lot a great ideas!" Suzan
+" I just found out about this. Looks very good." Linda
+"LOVE THE GAMES.... I AM BLESSED!" Lia
+"This is an educating game I love playin it" Quine
+"How do I memorize scripture?" Jacqueline
+Click on
+Questions
+for help with this and other reader questions.
+" I just found this wonderful site and will use it to teach my youth group!." Denise
+"This website is great! Keep up the wonderful work for the Lord." Charity
+"I like looking up little tidbits of info.. thanks for making
+learning fun" Michelle
+"This is a wonderful resource for youth games and activities. Thank you!!" Linda
+" I loved your helpful activities and devotionals." Vicki
+"I thoroughly enjoyed your site. Keep making BIBLE study fun." Judy
+"I want to learn obout the Bible, so will you please send me lesson after each one I finish." Beverly
+I am glad you want to learn more about the Bible. The devotions are new everyday if you want to read them. Also, there are puzzles on the
+Questions
+page and more fun ways to learn on the
+Activities
+page. I think the best way to learn about the Bible is to read it and pray that God will show you something new each day.
+We have a new page...
+Bible Study
+also
+Books Of The Bible Study
+"We hope that you share a new games to us for kids because we're handling Youth interactive program once a week and at the end of our service we make sure that all kids is blessed by having some games.
+God bless!!!." Minie, Philippines
+"Comments... fun and help other youth to know more about the Bible while having fun." Akeisha
+"Wow, there are a lot of great resources here. I plan to use them for our family worship time and at church functions. Thanks :)" Moni
+" I'm looking for children (ages 4-6) daily devotionals to purchase. They must be KJV. Any suggestions?
+Thanks!" Paula
+This devotional site began as devotions for my son when he went off to college, so most are for older people. There are games for children on the
+Activities
+pages that small children can play. More ideas are on the
+Questions
+page.
+" I'm searching for good Christian games for our adult fellowship at church." Cheryl
+You can try the Questions page above for paper games or the Activities page for group games.
+In Like Manner
+is a fun game for a group.
+Easter Bible Jeopardy
+is another idea.
+"What scripture verse from the Bible would relate to the following phrase: Birds of a feather flock together"
+Leylah
+This question is asked quite often. Even though this may sound like a Proverb, it is not actually a Bible verse.
+"Great tools for youth ministry, especially the games section." Jewelle
+"Beautiful site and very inspriational" Sherry
+"You have a great web site" Andrew
+"Praise God for we are BLESSED" John
+"Thank you for this sight. After working in Jr. for 32 years we are running low on things to keep the kids interest, they are so into video and t.v. We are so greatful to be able to print and use these games to help our kids grow in Christ.
+Thank you" Nancy
+" Love this site. I think that this site is making a good thing because its telling the Gospel to everyone!! And its hard because people don't want to listen. Keep up the great work. I know that God will help this site grow more." Toph
+"I love the ideas. Thanks for sharing this freely so it can be used with my church group. God will surely bless you as you minister to us.
+THANK YOU ALL SO MUCH!!" Sandy
+"What a wonderful site full of fantastic ideas!!" Anna
+"Found your site and really enjoying the devotions!" Julie
+" A wonderful site." Sallie
+"Lovely website -- great job! Will definitely add it to my "favorites" and check it often!" :o) Tracy
+"This site is wonderful it really helps me as a teen get through my ordeals." Yvonne
+"What a joy to meet you all last week" Pastor Soop
+Prayer Letter From Italy
+"Lots of good ideas and Bible truths." Joy
+"God be with you." Debbie
+"You have such a user friendly site. Thank you." Patti
+"This site has been a real blessing! Thanks for sharing. There is so much here that I can use for my class of little ones, and I have bookmarked your site." Edrena
+"Our Sunday School class loved the October Bible Jeopardy. I wish we could have one for each month!! Let me know. The kids loved it and taught them so much about finding verses in the Bible. God Bless."
+I have added several new Bible Jeopardy Games. Enjoy!
+"I enjoyed it." love, Louise
+"Thank you for sharing this wonderful web site. It shows us that our GOD can bless us in so many ways. A lot of people see the computer as an instrument of the devil, but if we allow GOD to work through us (or you) it can be a powerful tool for the furtherance of the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour JESUS CHRIST.GOD bless you and thanks for your committment to our Lord!!!" Jack
+"Thank you for sharing your wealth of creativity. I am assisting with a Valentine Social at our church and have incoorporated several of your ideas and activities into our program. THANKS!" Beverly
+"I sure am glad I found this site, as I teach a Sunday School class and I'm always looking for activities for them!! Thanks" Linda
+"Do dogs go to heaven?" Jean
+I do not know of any verses about dogs in heaven. I do know that in the book of Revelations there are horses. "And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean." Revelation 19:14
+"Thank you this site is AWSOME, we will use many of your wonderful ideas, thank you and thank you LORD for leading me here .... " Tracy
+"I AM YOUTH LEADER AND I WANT NEW GAMES FOR THE KIDS AND YOUTH." Joy
+There are games for all ages on the Activities Page and Bible word puzzles on the Questions Page. A more specific answer is on the Questions Page.
+"Bless you! I just wanted to tell you again that you're appeciated and thank God for giving you this talent and desire to share the gospel in this special way to bring honor & glory to Him. Love ya!" Jewel
+"I ran across this website, and it has been nothing but a complete blessing to me ever since I have found it!!! I have found the answers to many questions I have had! GOD IS AMAZING!!!" Kelli
+"This is an inspirational site. I am starting a Christian Women group and the information will help me keep my group going. Thanks and God Bless" Peri
+"Your John 3:16 Valentine says "whosever". I think this is an error." Cindy
+Thank you for letting me know about the error. I have corrected the page.
+"It is so hard to find anything that is KJV! This web-site has so many ideas and games that we use for our homescool, the bus, and RU.
+Thanks a lot" Amanda
+"I have just recently been made aware of your website and find it delightful. I am the senior leader at church and am finding lots of these things that I can implement for them."
+Elaine
+"I am looking for games to play for an adult Sunday School class. I am planning a get together so I was looking for good games to play." Jody
+(
+See Questions Page
+)
+"I have started a Bible Study group at my school, with a group of teachers. We call ourselves, TLC. (Teachers living in Christ) So, I am visiting this web site for group ideas. Thanks!" Sherry
+"I enjoy your web site very much. It has been a great help with activities at my church. Keep up the good work for the Lord...." Linda
+"This is one of the Best!! If I need a boost, I visit this site. Thanks!!" Janet
+"WELCOME to 2005! What a great day of opportunity it is for all those believers on Jesus Christ" John
+THE LOVELIEST WEBSITE I'VE SEEN YET BUT I HAVEN'T SEEN IT ALL . THANK U FOR SHARING THIS WITH ME. GOD BLESS U. John & Donna
+"My niece directed me to this site!! It's really neat! Haven't checked it all out yet-but I will! Thank you for your hard work and your sharing! God bless!" Kay
+" I really love this site! And it was given to me by a friend."
+Mary Beth
+"We really enjoy the site. The music has added a lot to it. We enjoy reading the comments from others. Keep up the good work. God bless you" Jim & Betty
+"I love the devotions. My daughter will enjoy this very much. It is one of the few web sites that I will let her visit."
+Marlena
+"I enjoyed your website and I have told several of my friends at church about it...they enjoy it very much too...."
+Mattie Sue
+"This is great! I sent it to all my friends and family. Everybody needs devotions and people now don't always have time to pick up a Bible. Thanks!" Miranda
+"This is a great site for students... it gets me thinking about the Right stuff instead of being distracted!" Lauren
+"You have accomplished great things here. Thanks for sharing with us." Betzy
+"I enjoy your devotions and look foward to exploring more of your site." Lori
+"To what priest did Abraham give 10% of what he owned?"
+Ryan
+Genesis 14:18 tells us of Abram's tithes to Melchizedek.
+(Scriptures given on
+Questions
+Page.)
+"This website refreshingly shines the light of God's Word into our dark world." Anna
+"Thanks for sharing, it is very hard to find KJV on the internet." Charity
+"Just remember, GOD sees you through it all!" Mary
+"A brief "oasis" in my day!" Michael
+"My friend... referred me to this site and I think it is uplifting." Renee
+"This is great, inspiring and informative. Keep up the good work." Linette
+"I really like your website. I like the games.Thank you for creating a good place for kids to go to." Brittany
+"I just wanted to say thank you for sharing all of your wonderful ideas and allowing people to become closer to the word of God. I am from a Spanish speaking church, We are Jewish-Christian. We have Jewish beliefs but believe in Christ. It is really refreashing to see and understand many things from your site. Even though we not be from the same religion we believe in One God and Jesus Christ. Thank you once again for the hard work and effort you put into this site, it has really helped me get the womans group of our church united. " Crystal
+"I thank God for you! You've created a wonderful website where people like me could get very helpful ideas for our church. Please continue to do this good work you've started.
+God bless you!" Josephine
+"I happened on this site just looking for Easter activities for my youth group. I love it and I added it to my favorites list.thanks" Phyllis
+"Just a few days ago you had a devotion about that still small voice, I wanted to copy it and share with my mens prayer band we have. . .but when I went to copy it it was too late. .so you have a archives page?" Guy
+The previous devotions are listed down the left side of the devotions' page by theme. The Scripture Reference Index may also help with specific verses.
+"Good job, keep up the good work" Jim
+"I think this a great website!!! Keep up the good work!!! "
+Leah
+"Thanks for the hard work, your devotion and faithfullness you put into keeping this excellent site available to all us that need the extra spiritual encouragement. The extend of how many you help truly must be vast; Yet you probably won't know till you reach heaven at last." Jewel
+"Thanks for sharing! It is an inspiration..." April
+"I love this website and I can not wait until this year's Youth Jubilee! This will be my 4th year and I am hoping to bring my mother. She has just given birth to a baby girl about 3 weeks ago. Please keep us in your prayers! I can not wait for Youth Jubilee! It is a blessing to me and my church!"
+Jenna
+"Thank you for this site... it has helped tremendously with activites for the youth group." Jo
+"Nice Web Site!" Caleb
+"Teaching in Sunday School...teach,and send me free material to teach my kids...liked your site God Bless Thank you" Freda, Navi Mumbai, India
+All of the devotions, games and puzzles are free. Please use all you can for your children.
+"This page will be a lamp unto my feet wherever I go."
+Larry...Ft Bragg, NC
+"Just wanted to let you know I thoroughly enjoyed the site and the daily devotionals are great! Keep up the work for the Lord because He alone is worthy of our praise!
+Gerald
+"As a substitute SS teacher I've found many wonderful ideas from your website. God continue to bless your ministry."
+Lynn
+"Working on something for Bible class. Please help me out. My God bless you."
+We just finished three weeks on
+Bible Study
+which may have helpful ideas for
+Devotions.
+Activities
+and
+Bible Puzzles.
+"My husband Shane is pastor, we have been there 8yrs. We are small but love the Lord and have saw many souls saved. We are strictly KJV Bible believing church." Ronda and Shane
+"I love to answer Bible questions" Romario
+There are Bible puzzles on the
+Questions
+page and a
+Bible Activities
+page that you might enjoy.
+"DEAR SIR/MADAM.
+GREETINGS.I WISH TO EXPRESS MY INTEREST IN YOUR BIBLE QUIZ.. PLEASE FURNISH ME WITH DETAIL INFORMATION....
+GOD BLESS YOU." PASTOR JEH LIBERIA
+The puzzles and games are free to print and use.
+"How can I become a member?" Jowen
+There is no membership. The devotions, puzzles and games are free to use for God's glory.
+"The Gift of Christmas -I would like this for my church."
+Christy
+I emailed you a copy of the play. I am glad you want to use it. If you can't open the attachment, please feel free to print it from the website. Please feel free to use any of the pages on our website for God's glory.
+"I'd like to see more options under your Bible jeopardy. Topics that can be used year round. The site is great. Thanks." La-Quan
+Thank you! I will try to work on more as soon as we get through the summer Books of the Bible Study. Just added more Bible Jeopardy Games.
+"Very good site to understand many Christian matters.
+Thanks a lot" Santha
+"I would like to print "The Gifts Of Christmas". Janene
+You may be able to print from the website. I also emailed you a word version and pdf version.
+"God Bless You... Great Site! What is the answer to 7 down on your "What is Love" crossword puzzle? Its driving me crazy! lol" Franny
+I am sorry I omitted that answer. The page should be corrected now. Even with my family as proof-readers we sometimes miss something. Thanks for letting me know!
+"Thank you for your website! My husband and I are youth leaders; and your games, ideas and devotions are very helpful." Kerri
+"I think your website is wonderful!! It has so many neat games, activities, and devotions. Keep up the good work!!"
+Alyson
+"We have really enjoyed finding your website. Your many devotionals and songs have been a huge inspiration to us and our family. Also , as a Sunday School teacher and actively involved with our local youth ministery , the many projects and activites have been great tools for us . Thank you for your faithfulness to the gospel and our prayers are that blesses you richly. Thanks," C & C Morris
+"Great website --- and GOD is really using you to spread HIS Word. If you get a chance, visit
+greatprice.com. We also, try to share GOD's word ---- we
+just don't get the visitors you do." Tom
+Top
+Count Your Blessings
+Click on the
+Devotions
+Link for a new daily devotional.
+In addition to posting on facebook daily I am now trying to email the daily devotions. Please like the facebook link above or send me a message with your email address if you would like to receive these daily.
+It is not too early to start planning your Christmas Play! In fact, the most popular page on this site for the month of September was our
+Christmas Play
+page. We wrote all the plays on this web site using the King James Version of the scripture and scripts are provided that you can print if one suits your needs. Some also have pictures and additional instructions. We would feel honored if you choose to use one of the plays and would love to hear from you.
+"Hello, I found your Christmas Essay Script online and we would love to use it for our church's Christmas pageant and I just wanted to check the copyright on it. I couldn't find any information regarding copyright on your page so I thought I should e-mail asking permission to use your script.
+Thank you, Michelle Hudson Pastor of Children's Ministries Greenfield Community Church"
+I am thrilled that you found one of our plays suitable to use for your church! My daughter, Susanna Key (now Susanna Key Little), wrote that one several years ago (when she was still in high school) and our church enjoyed it. Please feel free to print and copy the script for your use. I have tried to make it easy to print directly from the website, but if you can't get it to print correctly I may be able to email the script to you. The play was different with the manger scene on a platform on the choir pews. The lights were also a big part of the play and I hope you can understand how to do those at
+Christmas Star In Lights.
+Please let me know if you have more questions.
+During this past summer, it was my great privilege to stand in a circle while my son-in-law ordained one of my grandsons to the priesthood. That was a signal honor for a grandfather, and I know Robbie couldn’t have been more proud of it than I was. Since that time, I have considered very much what I would like to say to Robbie concerning this honor that has come into his life and how desirous I am as his grandfather that he live worthy of what was promised him in the blessing that his father gave him under the inspiration of the Lord. So tonight I would like to address my remarks to Robbie and to all this grand army of Aaronic Priesthood who sit here in front of me and are listening throughout the world.
+While serving as a mission president it was my great privilege and responsibility to interview every missionary as he began his mission. That was always a great experience, but it sometimes gave me insights into the backgrounds of my missionaries that shocked me. One elder told me of his growing up in a small farming community as the son of the town drunkard. When, as a newly called missionary, he boarded the bus to come to Salt Lake City to enter the mission home, his father was there to bid him farewell. He must have been drunk, for his last words to his son were, “Son, you will never amount to a hill of beans.”
+As I talked with my missionary, I could sense that he had heard that phrase over and over again throughout his young life: “You will never amount to a hill of beans.” And that choice young man, called by the Lord to be his representative, believed it. I resolved to prove that father wrong by seeing that the missionary had a successful mission. I assigned him to a great first companion and watched his progress with keen interest and daily prayers. And progress he did.
+As my release date approached, I made a final tour of the mission to say good-bye to my beloved fellow workers. By this time the young man was a zone leader, a very important calling in the mission field. He conducted that zone conference like a veteran bishop. I saw the deep bond of love that had developed between him and his missionaries. I thought of the scores of converts who had joined the Church through his devoted service and the power of his testimony. At an appropriate moment in the conference I stood beside him with my arm around him and said, with a lump in my throat, “You wouldn’t believe this, but someone once said of this young man that he would never amount to a hill of beans.” He turned and looked me in the eye and responded, “We sure showed him, didn’t we, President?”
+What had occurred to bring about such a dramatic change in that elder’s life—to change him from a frightened little farm boy to a man of God? He had made some interesting discoveries that had prepared him to face the challenge of life and to be armed to succeed—the same discoveries every young Latter-day Saint must make as he matures if he is to achieve his potential here and hereafter. He had discovered that he really was a son of God—with the capacity to become as God is, with all of his power, his might, and his majesty. He knew the truth of Christ’s oath: “All that my Father hath shall be given unto him” (D&C 84:38). What a discovery for a young man to make—that he is a son of God!
+Doesn’t that make you feel kind of special to know how much God is counting on you? The future of his Church is in your hands. You are the ones that God has chosen to be his leaders, reserved to come to this earth when you could influence your fellowmen by the power of your lives and by sharing the principles of the gospel. How well are you doing, young men?
+One of our fine young men, living in the eastern part of this country where he was one of few Latter-day Saints in his high school, received his mission call. As he prepared for his mission he asked his parents’ permission to invite twenty-five of his nonmember friends to come to the home for a farewell party. During that party the young missionary showed his friends Man’s Search for Happiness, explained why he was going on a mission for his church, and bore his testimony to them. They all in turn hugged him and let him know they loved him and sustained him.
+My missionary had also discovered that, despite his weaknesses, his frailties, and his youth, he had a tremendous untapped capacity to serve his fellowmen and to influence them for good, even to being an instrument in the Lord’s hands to change and save lives.
+At a youth conference I met five young men. One of them, who had recently fallen into inactivity, had been persuaded to attend the conference by some strong-arm tactics of his friends, who would not let him fall away from the Church. Touched by the spirit of that youth conference and the love of his buddies, that inactive boy joined his four friends in pledging to one another that they would live righteous lives. Today he is serving a mission for the Lord, thankful for those companions who cared so much about him.
+It is an interesting phenomenon, my young friends, how, as we serve, our capacity to serve grows and our opportunities for service expand. And we learn the great secret to a happy, rewarding life—that happiness, real happiness, doesn’t come in acquiring wealth or gaining notoriety or position. True, lasting happiness comes in service.
+My missionary had learned something about the magnificent power of the holy priesthood, which lifted him beyond his own natural capacity. That knowledge had come as he exercised it in the service of others, blessing them as the Lord’s representative.
+You Aaronic Priesthood holders have that holy power as you prepare for the great spiritual gifts that come with the oath and covenant of the Melchizedek Priesthood, for you have been given the right to the ministering of angels (see D&C 84:33–39). The Lord has promised you: “I will go before your face. I will be on your right hand and on your left, and my Spirit shall be in your hearts, and mine angels round about you, to bear you up (see D&C 84:88)—even on the football field, in the classrooms, in your studies, in your work, at play—in all you do.
+While visiting a sacrament meeting on Okinawa, I was so impressed with the manner in which the Aaronic Priesthood prepared and passed the sacrament that, when my turn came to speak, I invited two of the deacons to join me at the pulpit. Of one I asked, “What are your goals in life?” His prompt reply: “To become like my Savior!” Of the other I asked, “What does it mean to you to know that you hold the Aaronic priesthood?” He drew himself to his full height and looked out over that pulpit, and proudly said, “It is the greatest honor in my life!”
+Are you honoring that sacred calling and responding in that sacred service as did my Japanese brethren? One deacon was asked what he did. He replied, “I do what I am supposed to do.”
+My beloved young brethren, God has singled you out from among all his sons to assist him in this great latter-day work. He trusts you and he has confidence in your meeting the mighty challenge to truly represent him. He is schooling you for your important missions and he expects you to recognize that you are different from other boys and young men—not better, but different—because you have been blessed with the gospel of Jesus Christ and the priesthood of God. Because he has given you so much, he expects you to live beyond your friends and associates who do not have the light of the gospel—he expects you to be in the world but not of the world. He promises you the strength to resist temptation and Satan’s power if you will cling to the iron rod of the gospel and honor your sacred calling.
+What is it that deters us from being that faithful priesthood holder God desires?
+The trouble with some of us is we get caught in monkey traps. In Africa, the natives have a unique, effective way to capture monkeys. They lop the top off a coconut, remove the meat, and leave a hole in the top of the coconut large enough for the monkey to put his paw in. Then they anchor the coconut to the ground with some peanuts in it. When the natives leave, the monkeys, smelling those delicious peanuts, approach the coconuts, see the peanuts in them, put their paws in to grasp the nuts, and attempt to remove the nuts—but find that the hole is too small for their doubled-up fists. The natives return with gunny sacks and pick up the monkeys—clawing, biting, screaming—but they won’t drop the peanuts to save their lives.
+Do you know anyone who is caught in a monkey trap, where the things that matter the most are at the mercy of those things that matter the least?
+I’d like you to ponder that, my young brethren; then make certain you are not caught in like fashion by the siren songs of our society, by the mocking, the daring of so-called friends, or those insidious evils Satan will place in your path in attractive packages which turn out to be empty and hollow. Develop the courage to stand for what you believe, to be true to the faith.
+A spiritual young black joined the Church in West Virginia recently. Excited about the newfound truth that had come into his life, he sought eagerly to share the gospel of Jesus Christ with his fellow high-school students. Their response was that the gospel was too strict. How proud we can be of his reply to them: “What’s strict about following the true Church of Christ?”
+In my lifetime, my young friends, I have discovered that happiness comes in keeping the commandments of God. Alma learned the hard way that “wickedness never was happiness” (Alma 41:10). Believe his words. Lean on the experience and the faith of men and women you trust as you chart your course in life. If you will diligently search for truth and live those beautiful principles, your life will be full, rich, rewarding—and exciting. Our Father in Heaven needs strong men to build his kingdom, and as I look at you, I know you are the best he’s got.
+We sing, “Hope of Israel, Zion’s army, Children of the promised day” (Hymns, no. 64). Did you realize that song was written about you? President Kimball has reminded us of that. He said, “We are rearing a royal generation … who have special things to do” (Ensign, May 1976, p. 45).
+Those special things you have to do include being rulers of the nations, lawmakers, business and professional men, teachers, tradesmen, tillers of the soil, and so on. But even more, the special things you have to do involve the establishment of the kingdom of Zion and the building of it. That, my young brethren, requires much more than the casual approach many of us take to preparation for life. It requires the establishment of goals—far-reaching goals that stretch into eternity, goals that require courage and determination to achieve.
+How many of you have thought of what you’re going to be doing five years, ten years, or twenty-five years from now? And what preparation are you making to make certain that you are in control and not victimized by life? Nothing stands in the way of a boy who knows where he is going.
+If I were in your shoes I would set some important goals for myself right now.
+The first would be, “I am going on a mission!”
+We sit here at the feet of President Kimball who has stated that every young man should serve a mission. Do you sustain him as a prophet? If you do, your only response should be, “When? I’ll be prepared.” That mission experience will be one of the most important events in your entire life, just as it was for my missionary who wasn’t going to amount to a hill of beans.
+Second: “I am going to be married in the house of the Lord!”
+If you would only realize how vitally important that is to your eternal goals, you wouldn’t consider being married anyplace else; and that would affect who you date and how you date and would influence the entire fabric of your moral and spiritual life.
+Third: “I am always going to be active in God’s Church!”
+That will provide an anchor for you like nothing else on earth, for it will give you the opportunity to discover for yourself the real meaning of happiness. It will assure you that, no matter where you go, you belong—for you have brothers and sisters who love you and sustain you. You will know something of the brotherhood of the gospel of Jesus Christ: you will become acquainted with him as your Savior; and you will keep your testimony burning brightly.
+Consider what such goals will do for you. When temptations come, as they surely will, you are going to be prepared. You will have made the choice in advance: “I am going on a mission!” “I am going to be married in the temple!” “I am always going to be active in God’s Church!” “Therefore, I will not partake!” When you make those basic decisions in advance, think how many other decisions are already made: living the Word of Wisdom, keeping morally clean, attending your meetings, paying tithing, studying the gospel, and so forth. You will not compromise on any important principle. You will be in control of your life, and you will enjoy the peace and serenity that come with keeping the commandments of God.
+How I pray that our Father in Heaven will bless you choice young men to understand that you are sons of God with unique, important roles to play in life and heavy responsibilities to your fellowmen; that he will bless you with wisdom, courage, patience, understanding, love for your brothers and sisters, and deep faith in the Lord and his gospel; and that he will keep you clean and wholesome and strong in the face of temptations and evil.
+And may you realize that this is your world, a beautiful world with unlimited opportunities to grow, to learn, and to serve. Will you make it a better world through the preparations you make now and the noble service you render throughout your life as a token of the love you have for your Father in Heaven and his Son, bearing witness of the truth of the gospel through your powerful example and the precepts you teach your fellowmen. “Hope of Israel, rise in might,” and be that army that God can use to further his great purpose, I pray, in the sacred name of Jesus Christ, our Savior, amen.
+ bills you a daily rental price so make certain to ask if the particular rental charge is roofed or not.
+Development and home reconstruction projects might produce a lot more waste in comparison with manageable intended for simply a few trashcans. This is an occasion when it is correct to rent a dumpster to appropriately dispose of your unwanted waste. From residence debris to roofs shingles as well as demolition materials, any rented roll-off dumpster is an easy solution to a prepared, stress-free working atmosphere.
+A dumpster service is beneficial for many kinds of assignments such as house owners, companies, places of worship, community work projects, as well as real estate agents. These projects usually are handled quickly and the trash and rubbish is got rid of safely. This kind of company will make your life easier, save time and energy.
+Essentially the most dangerous impacts of changing environment on the globe involves high conditions, changing landscapes, wildlife danger, droughts, floods, as well as storms as well as raising heating related illnesses. One more proven fact that needs to end up being revealed the following is, the international locations under the lower income line usually are least accountable for the contamination generated from the environment and they are generally the ones that tend to be affected by the particular pollution because they're not wealthier enough to have stubborn up against the natural disasters that occur anywhere. They are the the majority of affected endures for the purpose which they usually are least liable. The western world are the main culprits for the change in the weather.
+The small leased dumpster will hold way up to two plenty of debris. This particular size is good for a bathroom redecorating project.
+You shouldn't have to wait until no more the venture to clean up the particular debris. You can have a dumpster established on the site from the beginning from the remodeling venture in order to get rid of the accumulation connected with mess and in some cases potential danger. Constructions personnel may more than look the need for a Rent a Residential Dumpster in Stoughton, MA; being a business owner you can create that a concern and you can phone and order a overnight Rent a Residential Dumpster in Stoughton, MA. Construction Rent a Residential Dumpster in Stoughton, MA can do the job to suit your needs. Before draining or guttering out your business or perhaps office any dumpster should be considered. The website must be removed of all building materials along with the building have to be cleaned coming from top to bottom before the company reopens and a dumpster will keep you before the game. The particular cleanup efforts are typically performed by a building cleaning group; but if there is no dumpster on location then the blunder will collect and can actually become dangerous.
+If you had any vanity area in your master bedroom, you may be wasting the old units and upgrading them to give your master bedroom a total fresh search.
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+(InvestigateTV) - Abuse or neglect kills as many as 10 children in the United States every day.
+But up to half of these children are invisible in federal data, uncounted by child protection agencies charged with tracking their deaths.
+Knowing who they all are, where they lived and how they died can save other children.
+But now, incomplete fatality data has left a void. A weak federal law, lax oversight and inadequate funding are largely to blame, InvestigateTV has found.
+Accurately and completely accounting for these deaths is not about punishing parents or caregivers including those who did not face criminal charges.
+It’s about preventing child abuse and neglect and holding accountable those with a duty to protect children – law enforcement, medical professionals, schools and child protection services agencies, Congress has said.
+Nearly 1,700 children were reported to have died due to abuse or neglect between October 2016 and September 2017, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reported in its most recent annual child maltreatment publication.
+But that report doesn’t include a single victim from Maine or Massachusetts because they chose not to disclose those cases to HHS.
+It doesn’t include an Ohio toddler who drowned in his family’s unfenced and uncovered swimming pool, Arkansas siblings suffocated by their father or a Nebraska baby shaken to death by his dad, InvestigateTV found.
+The reasons why these cases weren’t counted strikes at the heart of the problems with HHS and weaknesses in a 45-year-old federal child protection law: states decide for themselves what and when to report.
+“We have a law that’s not being followed, and HHS has no regulations to guide states,” said Cassie Statuto Bevan, child welfare fellow at the Field Center for Children’s Policy, Practice and Research at the University of Pennsylvania.
+The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, commonly called CAPTA, established a generic definition of abuse: “any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver which results in death” and neglect: “an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm.”
+It also, among other things, directed HHS to collect case-specific information about abused and neglected children.
+But the law gave states wide latitude to write their own specific definitions of abuse and neglect, creating a patchwork of state policies across the country.
+While the law requires states to make details about these fatalities public, HHS hasn’t enforced it, even as Congress has said that was the intent. Many states passed laws to shroud child deaths in secrecy, making accountability almost impossible.
+As a result, the data collected by HHS, which includes demographic information about each child, abuse history and death details, is incomplete and misleading because states aren’t on the same page.
+That means that a child’s drowning is deemed neglect in one state and just an unfortunate accident in another.
+“When we don’t have an accurate count of a problem, we can’t make the arguments to invest adequate resources to fix it,” said Amy Harfeld, the national policy director for the Children’s Advocacy Institute based at the University of San Diego School of Law.
+Data helps prevent unnecessary deaths. It’s led to child car seat laws and indoor smoking bans, for example.
+Yet HHS has ignored congressional directives and government watchdogs’ reports calling for better data collection and transparency.
+“HHS is certainly derelict in its responsibilities,” Harfeld said.
+The agency has ignored a 2010 congressional directive to force states to lift the veil of secrecy surrounding child maltreatment fatalities.
+It has failed to implement recommendations from a 2011 report by the watchdog agency, the U.S. Government Accountability Office, to improve data collection.
+It has ignored 2016 recommendations made by a congressionally-mandated commission on child abuse to, fully define abuse and neglect and force states to use that definition.
+“HHS has got to do better,” said Sen. Sherrod Brown, an Ohio Democrat and member of the Senate committee that is currently reviewing CAPTA.
+HHS declined requests for an interview and only would only provide limited answers to InvestigateTV’s questions through email.
+HHS “has long supported the development and continuance of fatality review teams at state and local levels to address the most tragic consequences of maltreatment,” spokesman Patrick Fisher wrote.
+Congress has started examining CAPTA again because the law is due for its periodic renewal. Advocates say this is a golden opportunity for Congress to implement necessary changes.
+“It’s very sad because we know the solutions,” said Marketa Garner Walters, secretary of the Louisiana Department of Children and Family Services. “I fear for our youngest children in our society.”
+Abuse or neglect contributed to the deaths of 34 Ohio children in 2017 that coroners ruled were homicides, according to death records.
+Ohio officials confirmed to InvestigateTV that five of the 34 children are not included in the state’s maltreatment tally. They said state law prevented them from disclosing any other information. The state shrouds these deaths in secrecy.
+All 50 states receive federal funds through CAPTA’s annual $26 million in grants in part to make information about child fatalities publicly available. But there are no penalties if they don’t.
+“We have a weak law that’s underfunded and unenforced,” Harfeld said.
+In 2010, the last time that Congress renewed CAPTA, a Senate committee knew states were underreporting deaths. Members were so alarmed by the secrecy surrounding serious maltreatment cases that the panel directed HHS to develop policies that would force transparency.
+“Public disclosure of information about a case of child abuse or neglect which has resulted in a child fatality or near fatality ensures improved accountability of protective services and can drive appropriate and effective systemic reform,” the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions wrote at the time.
+Rather than create that policy, HHS rescinded every CAPTA regulation it had, largely leaving states to decide for themselves how to carry out the law.
+“It was a pretty bold move,” Harfeld said. “HHS doesn’t really have the discretion to ignore Congressional instruction, but they did it anyway.”
+The HHS spokesman did not explain why HHS has not followed the Senate directive. He did write in an email that the regulations were rescinded because the policies were “outdated” and did note that states can receive advice through a Q&A on the website.
+Public disclosure of these cases helps hold accountable those who are supposed to protect children – parents, politicians, law enforcement, teachers, doctors, other mandatory reporters and CPS.
+Wisconsin is among about 10 states that independently releases maltreatment case details on its own website. It reviews the investigation, looking for system breakdowns that could have prevented the deaths.
+For example, the state found that a CPS caseworker lost track of a family under its watch. The parents, who had a history of sharing their bed with their infant, moved to another county without telling the caseworker. The child eventually died while sleeping with them in their bed.
+Tennessee provides online reports of every suspected maltreatment fatality – even those in which investigators eventually determined that child abuse or neglect claims were unfounded.
+The child abuse commission created by Congress concluded in its report that public disclosure of these cases is critical.
+“Without access to clear and accurate information," the commission wrote, "the public and other key stakeholders are unable to make informed decisions about what is needed to reduce child abuse and neglect fatalities and hold agencies and systems accountable.”
+Three years later, that recommendation has yet to be implemented.
+The commission also called for a definition of abuse and neglect that would be followed by all states.
+Right now, the definitions vary greatly from one state to the next.
+Kansas, for example, considers lack of supervision to be a form of neglect.
+Ten states don’t address medical neglect, when an ill child isn’t given the treatment he or she needs.
+“The definitions should not rely on agency-specific definitions of child abuse and neglect and should be developed for the purpose of counting and preventing fatalities,” the commission wrote.
+It also said that those definitions should be broad enough to include fatalities that don’t meet criminal standards for prosecution.
+The inconsistencies now play out daily.
+In 2017, New Jersey CPS found an aunt neglectful for the drowning death of her 7-year-old nephew. He and other children were swimming without supervision at a hotel pool birthday party.
+That same year, a 5-year-old girl, who didn’t know how to swim, drowned at a Florida church pool party attended by more than 15 adults and other children. Her death wasn’t included as a maltreatment death because the state deemed it didn’t fall under the definition of “inadequate supervision.”
+In 2016, a Mississippi police officer left her 3-year-old daughter in the patrol car on a hot day while she visited another officer at his house. Four hours later, the girl was dead.
+Her death counted, and her mother was sentenced to 20 years in prison for manslaughter.
+But in Arizona, when an uncle and his girlfriend forgot about the baby in their care that was in the car, that case wasn’t counted. They pleaded guilty to child abuse and were placed on probation.
+Sen. Brown is working on legislation to create a universal definition of child abuse and neglect.
+Such a change, he said, “would force the federal government to come up with a definition so we then can figure out what’s going on, so we can measure it,” he said. “We have an obligation.”
+The lack of a uniform definition also means there’s really no way to compare states or assess their performance in reducing child maltreatment fatalities.
+HHS allows each state to determine how and when it will collect data on child maltreatment fatalities.
+The lack of standards means that the federal government is not accurately capturing lives that have been lost.
+Lindsay Mangan knows that fact all too well.
+Her children, Katie and Jo Jo Mangan, ages 4 and 5, were inseparable, sometimes falling asleep, snuggled together. “Neither of them remembered life without the other,” she said.
+Both were buried together, in the same casket, after their father murdered them, then killed himself in 2017.
+Despite worldwide media attention of their slayings, they are not among the counted child maltreatment fatalities.
+“There is no trial. Where else do they get their justice?” Mangan said.
+They are among eight Arkansas children who died in 2017 but are not listed in the state’s data of child maltreatment fatalities even though law enforcement agencies said their deaths were homicides, InvestigateTV found.
+Citing state law, Arkansas officials said they don’t count child maltreatment fatalities until given law enforcement’s permission to prevent jeopardizing a criminal investigation.
+But in four of the uncounted cases, the perpetrator has already been sentenced or is dead. Arkansas CPS officials wouldn’t confirm whether they were aware of the eight fatalities.
+Alabama and Nebraska follow a similar policy. They don’t report cases until criminal prosecution has concluded, which can take years thus skewing numbers in the future.
+In 2017, Nebraska reported a single child maltreatment fatality. Three other deaths found by InvestigateTV weren’t counted because criminal cases were still pending at year’s end, and per state policy, will be reported in later years.
+Nine states, including Ohio, only report cases in which the family had a history with CPS or the agency investigated the death.
+That too leaves many children uncounted. Experts estimate that as many as half of the victims nationally had no prior contact with CPS.
+In Ohio, CPS also doesn’t investigate some cases if there are no surviving children.
+A two-week-old died after she was mauled by a dog in Ohio in 2017. The police investigation found that the mother left the infant unattended with the dog after she had been warned dogs don’t like the smell of babies. The coroner ruled her death as an accident. Even though the mother was not charged, police labeled the death as a case of child abuse and/or neglect.
+But Ohio doesn’t cull law enforcement records for child maltreatment cases to report to the federal government.
+Experts say many accidental deaths are caused by abuse or neglect.
+To fix this issue, the child abuse commission recommended that CAPTA be amended to require states to cull records from law enforcement, vital statistics, coroners’ offices and child fatality review teams for possible maltreatment fatalities.
+When researchers have conducted these deep dives in the past, they’ve found many uncounted children.
+Dr. Bernard Ewigman, now a family medicine professor at the University of Chicago, was the first to conduct such a study in the 1980s. When he worked at the University of Missouri, he learned that the state had reported only six fatalities. He combed records and found 20 in a single year.
+After that, he created a study to look at the state’s uncounted child fatalities over a 3-year span in the mid 1980s. He concluded that it’s necessary to review law enforcement, coroner records and vital statistics to get a complete picture of child fatalities.
+“That study has stood the test of time,” he said.
+In 2017, a young Amish boy tethered a pony to a toy wagon, climbed in and steered the makeshift vehicle onto a Pennsylvania highway.
+The boy, playing without supervision, was stuck by a car and killed.
+Police investigators called it a tragic accident.
+The reaction was similar with an Ohio scientist whose daughter perished strapped in a car seat on an 80-degree day. The mother said that she forgot the toddler was in the car.
+But to experts in child maltreatment fatalities, those tragedies are examples of neglect.
+As part of her official duties on the commission, Theresa Martha Covington reviewed cases across the country in an attempt to quantify the undercount and has significant experience examining suspected cases of abuse or neglect.
+“It doesn’t mean the parents [should] go to jail,” she said. “It means [there were] lapses in judgment and poor supervision.”
+She and many other experts agree that biases about a family’s race or socio-economic status can color a child maltreatment investigation.
+“If you have a middle class or upper-middle class family, they have a good account for what went on, that can frequently fool law enforcement or child maltreatment investigators,” said David Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. “They can have sympathy and accept the story that the person gives.”
+This bias also contributes to the undercount.
+“No one wants to think about someone injuring a child. What kind of monster would attack a small child?” said Dr. Jamie Downs, who has been a medical examiner for more than three decades and specializes in child deaths. “These people don’t look like monsters. They look like Mom. They look like Dad.”
+In 2017, federal data shows, parents were responsible for more than 80% of the child maltreatment fatalities.
+On Easter morning in 2017, an Ohio toddler wandered outside while his parents went upstairs to dress for the day.
+Fifty minutes later, his mother found the 2 ½-year-old at the bottom of the family’s unfenced, uncovered swimming pool.
+Neighbors told police the boy often played alone outside his home.
+CPS never investigated so his death is not included in the state tally.
+Downs said it should have been even though the parents weren’t criminally culpable.
+“A pool is a hazard. It’s a death waiting to happen,” said Downs, who has investigated thousands of child deaths during his career and now serves as an expert witness involving abuse and neglect cases.
+The deaths of children who drowned or were put to bed in unsafe sleeping environments are often ruled to be accidents and thus not investigated or reported as child neglect, experts said.
+Spotlight on drownings and sleep-related deaths in Ohio
+In 2017, more than 100 children in Ohio either drowned or died in unsafe sleeping conditions such as sharing a bed with an adult. County coroners noted the circumstances of these child fatalities in death records. All of these cases were ruled as either accidental deaths or the manner of death could not be determined. This map gives the ages and sex of these children and how their deaths occurred according to a database of death records from the Ohio Department of Health. Two children who lived in Michigan died in Ohio, making their deaths part of Ohio’s count. The location of each dot is based on the ZIP code in which they lived and does not pinpoint a precise location. In some cases, a dot may have details on more than one death.
+But the lack of proper supervision or exposing children to known hazards, even though not always criminal, is a clear form of neglect, Downs and other advocates said. But each state has its own definition of neglect.
+Even deaths linked to high-concern behaviors aren’t being counted.
+For several years, Ohio has waged a highly public campaign to warn parents about the danger of sleeping with their babies or putting them in cribs with blankets, stuffed animals and other objects that can lead to suffocation.
+Despite that, in 2017, nearly 100 children in Ohio died in unsafe sleep environments, according to an InvestigateTV analysis of death records.
+Yet the state only counted 20 of them – tamping down public awareness of the urgency of the state’s warnings. It’s possible that CPS didn’t even know that many of these children existed because the agency had no prior contact with them.
+Among the children who weren’t included in the state’s number is a 1-month-old who was dead when his father awakened. The baby had been in the bed with his mother, father and 3-year-old sibling.
+“I would wager that wasn’t the first time they did that,” said Downs, based on his experience with these types of cases. “The problem is you’ve done it before. Your personal experience tells you it’s safe and it’s not.”
+The situation is similar in Florida, where more than 160 sleep-related deaths were investigated in 2017. Only 14 were labeled as neglect cases.
+The child abuse commission recommended in its report that the federal government develop national standards for how medical examiners, coroners and law enforcement investigate these and other types of suspected maltreatment fatalities.
+“If we as a nation do nothing different to prevent child abuse and neglect fatalities, somewhere between 1,500 and 3,000 children will die from maltreatment” each year, the commission said.
+And as many as five a day could remain uncounted.
+Graphics and illustrations by Jamie Grey. Research contributions from Tyler Wann, InvestigateTV intern; Emily Thompson, Ryan Deloney, Gigi Failoni, Gina Shelton, Olivia Ellis, Jordan Blakemore, Lucas Ros, Amelia Holcomb and Lindsay Cross, University of Arkansas; Laura Jayne, Brendan Gowey, Andrew Callaghan, Anna Brunini, Rose Wagner, and Lauren LeCompte, Loyola University New Orleans; Jacqueline DeRobertis, Devon Sanders, Madeline Meyer, Maria Marsh and Bobby Crane, Louisiana State University.
+When Barack Obama won the presidency, Maira Kalman was thrilled. It was not only a fresh start for America, she thought, but one for her own work as well: The New York Times was looking for another assignment for Kalman after her wildly successful illustrated blog, “The Principles of Uncertainty,” which documented her own life, debuted in 2006.
+“I was tired of talking about myself,” said Kalman, who was born in Israel and raised in New York. “I never cared much about U.S. history,” she admitted, but she thought Obama’s historic campaign might change that. Plus, she added, “you can send me to any situation and I’ll extract something out of it. There’s nothing I don’t find interesting.”
+The Times took her up on it, paying for her trips across America to places like a military base in Kentucky, Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello, Lincoln’s home in Springfield, Ill., and the White House. The result was “And the Pursuit of Happiness,” a monthly blog of her irreverent, whimsical paintings that gave the artist’s impression of democracy, with commentary.
+“Almost everything she does is surprising,” said Mary Duenwald, the deputy editor of the New York Times Op-Ed pages, who worked with Kalman on the blog. “It became not so much about democracy as about her own” musings about America, she added.
+Many of those illustrations are now on display at the Julie Saul Gallery in Chelsea, in a new show subtitled “Further Illuminations: Recent Paintings.” Kalman met at the gallery last week to discuss her work, life and the fine line she now finds herself treading amidst the president’s first public row with Israel.
+“My father was in the underground, in the Irgun. He was a huge Zionist,” Kalman said, adding that her parents both immigrated to Palestine in the 1930s. The family moved to Riverdale in 1954, when Kalman was just 4, so her father could expand his diamond business in New York, she said. But by the time she went to college, to study literature at New York University, her parents had moved back to Tel Aviv. “My life was here, very much so,” she says.
+Still, Israel is part of her makeup too. She keeps an apartment in Tel Aviv, which she is visiting later this month, and even wrote a short illustrated blog about the city for the online magazine Tablet, in 2008 (some of those drawings are at the exhibit, too). Titled “My Tel Aviv,” the series begins with a painting of a chalk-colored statue in a formal British-style garden, with the words “It is not England” written above.
+“But” — begins the next illustration — “it has a bookstore and a café every two feet. And modern people reading books and writing books. And eating pistachio cake.”
+Behind the text, an intellectual-looking woman in glasses does just that, with a green dessert and thick brown book at her table.
+The recent spat with the White House over settlements has not much changed Kalman’s feelings towards Obama — or towards Israel. “I’m happy he’s engaged in the [peace] process,” she said, “and I find Obama in the White House hopeful.” When it comes to Israeli politics, she says, “I don’t look at the big picture, I look at the daily life.” That is how she’s managed to tackle contentious issues — American politics, Israel — and stay clear of controversy. And it may also be a key insight into her craft.
+“I think you can make the mistake of over-explaining her,” said the Times’ Duenwald. “She keeps things at a level where the reader can take away things in her own mind.” Which is to say that, despite the weighty subjects Kalman often illustrates, she is rarely didactic.
+Nor is she superficial. To the contrary: fans often note how lightly she wears her erudition. In an entry for the “And the Pursuit of Happiness” blog, which will be published in book form this fall, she gives a short tour of American history that begins in England with Thomas More. “In 1535, Sir Thomas More, the author of ‘Utopia,’ a novel about a perfect society, had a disagreement with King Henry VIII. Henry had him beheaded,” one illustration reads, above a portrait of More. (“So much for a perfect society,” it says beneath.)
+That is followed by a portrait of the Countess of Salisbury — also beheaded by Henry VIII — whose family fled to the New World. Next comes a portrait of Alexis de Tocqueville (whose parents were almost beheaded), with a few words on “Democracy in America” and town hall meetings, and, soon enough, we’re in present-day Vermont, at a town hall meeting in Newfane.
+Commenting on her own art-making process, Kalman said that she is a voracious reader who does extensive research before she starts painting. But once she begins, she lets her mind wander. “It makes me seem like an octopus,” she said, describing how her mind pulls from various sources and multiple directions, often at once.
+Then she got serious: “There’s a vulnerability, an awareness that things are terribly fragile but also so beautiful,” she said. That sensibility probably has something to do with the Holocaust, which her father talked about often while she was growing up, she said. Both her parents lost many relatives in the war, and that legacy has lent her work its unmistakable tenderness.
+“What distinguishes her work is that it is beautiful, but that it also has something to say,” said Francoise Mouly, the art editor at The New Yorker, which has published Kalman’s work for more than 15 years. Undoubtedly best known is the “New Yorkistan” cover, published three months after 9/11. Kalman collaborated on the cover with Rick Meyerowitz, a fellow illustrator who is now her boyfriend.
+That illustration came about, Kalman recalled, while she and Meyerowitz were driving to a party in the Bronx shortly after the United States invaded Afghanistan. “Everyone was talking about how tribal [Afghanistan] was, and we were overwhelmed by the tribal names in the Bronx no one’s ever heard about,” Kalman said. It would make a great New Yorker cartoon, they thought.
+The result was a map of the city’s five boroughs, with dozens of neighborhoods given exotic-sounding names: the Upper West Side was dubbed “Botoxia,” the West Village was “Artsifarsis,” Crown Heights became “Lubavistan,” and Canarsie was now “Kvetchnya.”
+“I showed it to David Remnick,” Mouly recalled, referring to the magazine’s editor in chief, “and he said it was so great that we should put it on the cover.” As Mouly and many others have noted, the “New Yorkistan” illustration marked the moment New Yorkers could finally step out of their grief. “Oh, finally we can laugh again,” Mouly said.
+Since then, Kalman has also become something of an art-world star. While magazine and children’s book editors (she’s published 12 children’s books) had known about her for years, the “New Yorkistan” cover led to a string of new opportunities. Isaac Mizrahi asked her to design fabrics for a new collection, for instance, and the 29-year-old composer and art-rock celebrity, Nico Muhly, recently wrote a Lemony Snicket children’s book with her.
+Currently, Muhly is recording a song originally written by Lemony Snicket — “I’m going to hear him record on Monday,” Kalman said, thrilled about the prospect. (Muhly is just a few years older than Kalman’s children — Lulu Bodoni, 27, and Alex Onomatopoeia, 24. Both are from her marriage to Tibor Kalman, a legendary design artist who died of lymphoma in 1999.)
+“She had such a huge following that I was amazed she never really had a dealer before,” said Julie Saul, who began representing Kalman in 2003. The current show at her gallery is Kalman’s fourth, and coincides with an even larger career retrospective at the Institute for Contemporary Art in Philadelphia. Titled “Maira Kalman: Various Illuminations (of a Crazy World),” it will travel to The Jewish Museum in Manhattan next year.
+All the attention, though, does not seem to faze Kalman. At 60, she is neither arrogant nor tired. Leaving the gallery she talked about plans to travel the world soon, visiting all its great gardens — from Giverny to Kyoto. Perhaps, she said, she’d write a blog about it too.
+The world tour also brought to mind the final entry in her last blog, “And the Pursuit of Happiness.” It ends with a meditation on the nature of happiness: “Where is happiness? What is happiness? What did Thomas Jefferson mean?” she writes. “No one really knows,” she goes on, but makes note of what seems to work for her. “Me? I work. I walk. I go to museums. ... I clean my house. I take napkin-folding classes. I make plans for trips to gardens where I will sit and draw and eat meringue and savor the moment.”
+Then, beneath her drawing of a small red dessert, coffee and her drawing book, she adds: “By George! That’s it. Savor the moment.” n
+Maira Kalman’s exhibit “Further Illuminations: Recent Paintings” runs at the Julie Saul Gallery, located at 535 W. 22nd St., sixth floor, through May 1. Kalman will be at the gallery to sign books — you’re encouraged to bring your own — on April 24, from 4 to 6 p.m. For more information call (212) 627-2410..
+In skilled nursing facilities, a more
+personal approach to patient care is proving rewarding to RCPs.
+“I never dreamed that I would ever be working in long-term care–or that I would be enjoying it as much as I am,” says Steven Hall, RRT, lead respiratory therapist at Woodmill Rehabilitation and Nursing Center in Lawrence, Mass. Much to his surprise, Hall, who previously worked in an acute care hospital, has discovered he truly loves interacting with nursing home patients. He has also discovered abundant opportunities for professional development. These days, he believes an RCP can often achieve more growth in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) than in a hospital setting.
+Making A Difference
+Hall believes an SNF is a place where an RCP can make a major difference, to both patients and staff. To illustrate his point, he talks about an early experience on the job: “I had been here for only 2 weeks when one of the nurses called to say a resident was going into respiratory failure,” he says. “I didn’t know where all the equipment was kept, but I grabbed an ambu bag and whatever else I could find, and I rushed to the room. The patient appeared not to be breathing. I began assessing her and listening for breath sounds, and when I tried to arouse her, she opened her eyes and began to breathe spontaneously. So I backed off and just kept the ambu over her, letting the oxygen flow over her mouth. I kept the oximeter on and waited while her sats climbed. Her oxygen saturation started out at 72% I let it get up to 977before I took the oxygen off. Then I just stayed with her until the paramedics arrived to take her to the hospital. The nurse was in the room with us doing vital signs, and she kept saying how glad she was that I was available.”
+This kind of situation arises frequently in SNFs, where patients generally are elderly and there is not always a physician in the building, Hall says. Until recently, RCPs were rarely in the building, either. This is changing, however, according to Leopold Dirlinger, RRT, manager of respiratory care at Briarwood Healthcare Nursing Center, a Vencor facility, in Needham, Mass. “Until the early 1990s, nursing homes followed the traditional concept. They had floors where residents were active, playing cards and attending movies. On other floors were very sick people receiving care from nurses and aides,” Dirlinger says. First, with prospective payment, then, with managed care, hospitals began sending patients to rehabilitation or SNFs as soon as any acute surgical or medical intervention was completed.
+“The SNFs were well positioned to accept these patients because they provided a relatively less expensive placement than a hospital,” Dirlinger says. To meet the needs of these new patients, many SNFs found they needed to expand their services. “While hospitals were seeing less need for allied health professionals and reducing FTEs [full-time employees], skilled nursing facilities were looking at allied health and adding programs,” Dirlinger says.
+Prominent among these was respiratory care. For example, Dirlinger’s facility has piped one unit with liquid oxygen and now accepts ventilator-dependent patients who have failed to wean in the hospital. The facility also admits patients with long-standing pulmonary problems who need workups and offers pulmonary rehabilitation to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, Briarwood cares for many tracheotomized patients, helping them reach the point where they can be decannulated and go home, Dirlinger says. “I think a case can be made that patients do much better in a nonhospital environment once their condition has been stabilized and they can concentrate on the pulmonary aspects,” he says.
+A Peaceful Environment
+“As soon as you come in, you realize that it is a much quieter environment than a hospital,” Dirlinger says. “Demands are put on the client by PTs [physical therapists] and OTs [occupational therapists], but it is a much friendlier milieu. On the rehab unit, therapy goes on 6 days a week, so clients know that the staff are committed to progress. And the numbers are smaller–just 35 beds,” Dirlinger says.
+He estimates that 505to 60 of the patients eventually go home. “One man has been here for over a year, and now he is ready to take his own apartment,” Dirlinger says. He wonders, however, what happens to people who do not have this opportunity for extended therapy. “These are people who would have fallen through the cracks,” he points out.
+A good illustration is ventilator patients who have failed to wean in the hospital. “When we say patients fail to wean, it implies that due to either acid-base imbalance or to anxiety, they have not been able to remain off the ventilator,” Dirlinger says. Sometimes the underlying cause is simply poor nutritional status and general debilitation, but in many instances, there are specific medical conditions that have not been resolved. “It can be diabetes or other metabolic problems, ulcers, stress–you have to get the whole body regulated. When people are fatigued or exhausted or overwhelmed, breathing is the first thing that is affected. And under the prospective payment system, staff in the hospital have no patience when people fail to wean. People fall through the cracks because the hospital wants to get them out so fast,” Dirlinger says.
+Dirlinger believes SNFs are able to accomplish so much because they have more time for patients and are smaller than hospitals, and because they have a highly interdisciplinary approach. “In a small environment, the emphasis is on assessment,” he says. Therapists in each discipline evaluate patients as soon as they arrive at the facility and a plan of care is put together rapidly. Then, to ensure progress, respiratory, PT, OT, speech, and the other disciplines meet frequently. “Everyone has to meet at least twice a week and everyone has to be there. And to meet, you have to assess the patient. One reason there is so little assessment in large hospitals is that nobody talks to one another,” Dirlinger says.
+According to Jane McKay, RRT, regional continuous quality improvement (CQI) manager for SunCare Respiratory Services, in Stratford, Conn, a company that contracts to provide respiratory therapy in SNFs, therapists in a hospital often come into a patient’s room simply to do a task. “They are not part of the team. They are not invited to care planning meetings, they are not invited to discharge planning meetings, all the things that enhance the care of the patient,” McKay says. She believes many patients require a more holistic approach, and many times that can be done more effectively in an SNF than in the hospital, she says.
+McKay’s company assigns a lead therapist to each SNF who is present 5 days a week. “This is really essential because care in an SNF is all about relationships,” McKay says. Therapists in SNFs not only form relationships with their patients, but they have ongoing relationships with families, therapists in other disciplines, administration, physicians, and especially nurses.
+“In the past few years, nursing staff have been asked to take care of more critically ill patients. They welcome having somebody on hand who understands how to take care of a tracheotomized patient, who understands CPAP [continuous positive airway pressure],” McKay says. At the other end of the spectrum of acuity, McKay says that the nurses often ask RCPs for a second opinion on routine assessments–for example, “When you listen to this patient’s lungs, do you hear what I hear?” McKay says.
+Common diagnoses in SNF patients include pneumonia and COPD, but quite a few patients have nonpulmonary diagnoses as well, McKay says. These are patients who require breathing retraining after becoming deconditioned during a long hospitalization. “We teach them effective breathing techniques and work closely with PT, OT, and speech while these patients are regaining strength and mobility,” McKay says.
+Her therapists report success with tracheotomy patients, weaning them to decannulation. They also see patients who have sleep apnea. “Usually those patients come to us already diagnosed and we do a lot of education with them and with their families. We can also do titration in this setting,” McKay says.
+SunCare therapists measure blood gases when necessary and provide such basics as bronchodilator therapy, metered-dose inhaler (MDI) instruction, and chest physiotherapy. “We also do some very basic pulmonary function testing, using a bed-side spirometer,” McKay says. Some facilities serve as clinical sites for respiratory therapists in training. “Skilled nursing is a good setting for first-year students who are learning how to assess a patient, look through a chart, and communicate with a physician,” McKay says.
+A Two-Way Street
+“A lot of therapists really love this environment. They can come out of the hospital–where they were just reacting to a beeper–and actually build a program,” McKay says. Their role includes hands-on care, case planning, some administrative work, and in-servicing with nurses. Learning is a two-way street. Because RCPs work so closely with people in other disciplines in the skilled nursing setting, they can learn a great deal about what those disciplines do. “I worked in a hospital for many years, and I can’t tell you the name of one physical therapist I worked with. They came and took my patient down to the gym, and I never knew what they did,” McKay says.
+In SNFs, RCPs also play an active part
+in negotiating with case managers. “Sometimes we end up calling them directly or faxing them. Decisions get made within hours as to how much money is going to be allocated for a particular patient. So sometimes, we may fax our evaluation form or other information to establish what we found clinically and for how long we believe we need to see the patient,” McKay says.
+Reimbursement
+Most patients are covered by Medicare. Meticulous documentation is required from RCPs to ensure the facility receives full reimbursement, McKay says. The prospective payment system is currently being restructured, with reimbursement for respiratory therapy being phased into the routine costs instead of being part of the ancillary costs.
+“SNFs will receive a certain amount of money based on the resource utilization group [RUG] group the patient is placed in based on a clinical assessment,” McKay says. According to McKay, since the recent change in prospective payment was implement, respiratory therapy has had to prove its clinical value all over again.
+According to Janet Chlapeka, CRTT, PSGT, respiratory care manager for Chartwell Midwest, in Bethany, Ill, although many SNFs contract for respiratory therapy, a growing number have decided to employ therapists directly. “This depends upon payor mix,” Chlapeka says. “More and more patients are under managed care, including many Medicare beneficiaries who are joining senior HMOs.”
+As Chlapeka points out, shifting to prospective payment in one part of the health care system may have large, sometimes unforeseen, consequences elsewhere. “We’ve already seen this in skilled nursing facilities. When hospitals went under the Medicare DRGs [diagnosis related groups], they started discharging patients much sooner, and this caused growth in home care and skilled nursing facilities,” Chlapeka says. In the 15 years since the DRGs were first implemented in hospitals, many SNFs have opened rehabilitation units or subacute floors, Chlapeka says. Payment for care under these programs is tightly managed, so many nursing homes have learned how to package their highly interdisciplinary service and deliver it economically.
+McKay notes that subacute care is accredited separately under JCAHO, with a focus on an interdisciplinary approach to treatment. “They want to make sure that any change in patient condition is communicated to everyone involved in the patient care team,” McKay says. Subacute accreditation also requires extensive documentation of competencies. “There has to be evidence that staff have received training in assessment for specific conditions and that they have training in specialized equipment–for example, in CPAP and BiPAP [bilevel positive airway pressure] systems,” McKay says.
+“I have noticed since I started working in long-term care that we admit a lot more patients for subacute care or rehabilitation,” Hall says. “Not as many as you would see in a rehabilitation hospital, but we see many people who are here for a 6- or 8-week stay.” Whether an RCP is working on the subacute side or the skilled nursing side of a facility, Hall believes the interdisciplinary focus prevails.
+In addition to short-term patients, his facility has many clients living there permanently. Many of these patients seem to develop respiratory problems, especially recurring pneumonias and COPD. “The benefit of having respiratory therapy on board is that the nurses do not feel they need to send these patients out to an acute care facility right away,” Hall says. “We can implement supplemental care, such as nebulizer therapy, to ease their work of breathing while they are getting antibiotic therapy, and give them a greater degree of comfort while they are going through the healing process,” Hall says. “Often, we hear something in the breath sounds and tell the nurse that we think something is brewing. We suggest asking the physician to order a chest x-ray to take a closer look before this becomes a major problem,” Hall says.
+In acute situations, he finds that RCPs are able to quickly assemble the correct supplies and exercise certain judgment skills more confidently than the nurses. “For example, in the case of someone with an exacerbation of COPD–certainly a respiratory arrest–or in the case of someone with a very high respiratory rate or shallow breathing, we recognize the direction they are headed in and we know it is not good,” Hall says. “Being able to intercept a problem before it becomes a crisis is also very important, and we are available to do that.”
+India Smith is a contributing writer for RT. —
+15 July 2019
+Tribute to Ferenc Pap - Recipient of the László Kovács and Vilmos Zsigmond Cinematographer Award for Life Achievement
+Feri Pap came to the city from Törtel to conquer the cinema scene. Physically, that village is barely a hundred kilometres from Budapest, but in another sense he came a lot further than that.
+Yet he did not bring with him baggage or handicaps as he waved goodbye to the watermelon fields in the scorched sand, the stands of locust trees, the rural school, and the hardship of life in a family with 12 children in the countryside. Instead he arrived equipped with the courage and stamina typical of people born to hardship, the down-to-earth sense of reality and virtually unlimited endurance of someone used to tilling the earth and tending to livestock. And something else that we could call a human secret: the magical ability to transform personal experience into an art accessible to everyone.
+Already in college, Ferenc Pap was like the star striker of a junior soccer team, who uses his foot to kick the ball but puts his brains into that foot. His admission film had a freshness and originality, fuelled by his immersion in countryside life and his deeply rooted humanity, which proved riveting for many.
+His career has been primarily motivated by a thirst for knowledge, an inner drive shaping a profound and instinctual talent that so often goes to waste in others. As cinematographer, he is never content with simply creating a spectacle. He has an urge to look deep into the structure of his material, to interrogate the secrets of the magical world of light, which he exploits consciously and in rigorous methodological fashion. Going beyond the tricks of the trade, he insists on being actively and inquisitively present at each phase of making a film.
+He was a stalwart representative of documentarism, the movement that remained controversial through the 1970s but exerted a cathartic influence on Hungarian film on the whole. He contributed vital ingredients to the powerful witches’ brew that emerged from the seminal Balázs Béla Studió, and was co-founder of Társulás, the film workshop formed against the grain of the professional establishment.
+Boys from Budakeszi. Szabolcs Végh. Directed by Pál Erdöss 2006. Photo by Ferenc Pap
+In addition to several documentaries, that typically dived down to the most poignant depths of the human psyche, he was chief photographer of the Education Affairs series and, assisting Lajos Koltai behind the second camera, worked on The Prize Trap, the film that foreign critics later hailed as the overture of what they called the Budapest School. He was the visionary behind the images of Békeidő, Vörösföld, Családi tűzfészek, Harcmodor, and Filmregény, the most famous documentary fiction movies of the Társulás Stúdió Ferenc Pap also had the honour of winning international acclaim for Pál Erdőss’s film The Princess (recipient of the Caméra d’Or in Cannes). Later, he teamed up with Géza Böszörményi and Lívia Gyarmathy, taking years to complete the clandestine shooting of Recsk, avagy egy titkos kényszermunkatábor története (Recsk: The Story of a Secret Concentration Camp in Hungary), one of the most harrowing Hungarian political documentaries of the late Communist era. The film won the European Film Award in Paris in 1989.
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+Yet it would be a mistake to pigeonhole Pap as a single-minded documentarist. He has worked in many styles of feature films, and was inseparable from director Béla Tarr until the release of Almanac of Fall. A staunch partner of Pál Erdőss until the latter’s death, in both films made for the screen and for television, Pap has worked with many other directors including Ferenc András, Gábor Dettre and Attila Mispál, among others.
+Bird of Heaven. Directed by László Vitézy, 2011. Photo by Szilvia Bara
+Bird of Heaven. Réka Tenki, Mari Nagy. Directed by László Vitézy 2011. Photo by Szilvia Bara
+Bird of Heaven. Réka Tenki, Gábor Reviczky and Ágnes Szirtes. Directed by László Vitézy 2011. Photo by Szilvia Bara
+Born in 1949, he started his career in the early seventies, serving as assistant cameraman for master cinematographer Sándor Sára in three films, gaining experience he said was instrumental in augmenting what he had learned in college. When asked about his early years in the field, he said, “I would like to handle light like Janó Tóth, have a feel for the camera like János Kende, and remain as diplomatic as Lajos Koltai” – all stars of cinematography in the generation preceding his own. As someone who has shot over forty feature films to date, he may rest assured that he has accomplished these ambitions. As well as in Hungary, he is also a respected figure in Turkish cinematography. The chance to shoot footage for a series of American travel films from Australia to Alaska may have demanded a sacrifice from him as a family man, but provided him with much-needed insight into the nature of coproduction, which began to play an increasingly important role in film-making around the world starting in the 1980s. Yet even in America, Feri Pap never for a moment abandoned the stance he had become accustomed to in his native village of Törtel. “Do you know why they like Hungarian photographers so much?”, he once asked me. “Not just because we cost a quarter of what they would pay an American. You see, if there is a problem on the set, the American will grab the phone and call for help. The Hungarian will grab a couple of planks and a length of wire. Bingo, problem is solved! This makes a huge difference.”
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+How much that little extra in work attitude means has been driven home to us many times. The last time it happened was in San Diego, where we simply would not have been able to complete shooting The Émigré, my 2006 movie on the last years of novelist Sándor Márai without having Feri on board. He is the kind of artist who is capable of turning to his advantage the struggles of a man from the sticks. Nothing is impossible for him when it comes to realising an image. As a colleague, he is characterised by an imperturbable composure and an unfailing readiness to help, to constructively find the way out of a predicament, small or large. After holding the camera for ten hours, he will make his images with the same unruffled precision in the face of utter exhaustion, keep his hallmark sense of licentious, wry humour, and adapt to changes on the fly.
+Despite the enormous strides made in the technology of recording images, a long-standing cultural debate persists, in cinematography in particular, concerning the respective merits of film made for television versus film made for the movie theatre big screen. Which is more modern, more in tune with the times? We all know, in Hungarian and European culture, that the motion picture has suffered a devastating defeat at the hands of television. The majority of professionals and audiences have acknowledged the sweeping victory of the televised image – a victory supported, in no small part, by political powers, notably the interests of cultural policy. The film industry has had no choice but to make peace with a process which has come to justify the existence of moving pictures tinier than a square millimetre per “frame”.
+Instead of getting bogged down in a suicidal struggle making traditional motion pictures bereft of audiences, Ferenc Pap chose to revolutionise the televised image as the prevailing format drawing large numbers of viewers.
+In this, he found great help in the legacy of Zsigmond Móricz, the classical Hungarian novelist of the early 20th century. Teaming up recently with director László Vitézy, Pap made several films for television based on the famous author’s short stories, aiming to resuscitate the television play without perpetuating the age-old messages that used to characterise the genre.
+Butterfly. Vivien Bánovics and Sándor Gáspár. Directed by László Vitézy 2012. Photo by Szilvia Bara
+The Émigré. Ferenc Bács. Directed by István Dárday and Györgyi Szalai, Hungarotop, 2006. Photo by Ferenc Pap
+The Émigré. Ferenc Bács. Directed by István Dárday and Györgyi Szalai, Hungarotop, 2006. Photo by Ferenc Pap
+Beyond the difficulty of translating dramaturgy into images, the greatest challenge facing him was how to make extreme long shots fit the tiny television screen – a daunting task demanding a special, remarkably resourceful artistic vision. The meticulous rendering of setting, the capturing of the actors’ performance and faces, and the seamless incorporation of scenery within the narrative all form indispensable requisites of a work that pretends to any degree of wholeness or, if you will, integrity. In cinema, all of this is just a question of composition. By contrast, television poses a vital dilemma for the maker who, confined to a small frame, wants to achieve an effect on a large scale comparable to what comes so easily on the movie screen. Finally, Pap shot these films obeying his own inner need to make them fully viable if and when they were elected for screening in a movie theatre.
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+Apart from fiction films, Pap directed several documentaries in an annual series. In Tanyák népe (“Farmland People”), for example, he traced back his steps and the gaze of his camera to the backdrop of his childhood, the disadvantaged countryside in the grip of crisis. The intense faces and dazzling long shots of scenery he filmed showed us that our country consisted of more than its cities, and was doomed unless we embraced and elevated rural communities to the same rank and opportunity as those enjoyed by residents of the concrete jungle.
+Feri, God bless you for your work! As I salute you, let us remember that it is time the highest echelons of power acknowledged and paid tribute to the journey of the youngest son, the trials he has surmounted and the enduring oeuvre he has created along the way. A career as consistent, rich and fearless as yours has been surely deserves more recognition by the state than the Béla Balázs Prize you already own.
+January 2019
+Translation by Péter Balikó Lengyel
+butterfly piano version
+lifestyle
+Vogliatemi bene, un bene piccolino (Butterfly, Pinkerton) Act II : 1. Cette partition The Butterfly est téléchargeable gratuitement.. Elle est disponible sous une licence creative commons CC-BY-SA. SKU: MN0086065 They are to the grand what the better Eavestaff, Brasted and Mason & Hamlin minipianos are to the upright. Tìm loi bai hat butterfly (piano version) - Wada Kouji ngay trên Nhaccuatui. Découvrez Blue Butterfly (Piano Version) de Tchaipin Chokovsky sur Amazon Music. They get their name from the two-part “winged” lid which gives the piano a butterfly-like appearance. Stores would throw cut-paper butterfly shapes from top-floor windows. Browse our 3 arrangements of "In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida." Info. I don't own Digimon! SKU: MN0083656 Dernière version. The casework of the symmetrical grand restricts the length of the bass strings, and this can lead to inharmonicity (unwanted overtones) when thicker strings are used to compensate for length. This piece is part of our collection of Irish pieces. The French company Rameau produced “Aurore” (1993) — an upright piano based on a design by Christian Adam. SoundCloud. BTS - Butterfly (Prologue Piano Version) by mari_b published on 2016-01-04T18:18:32Z. A l’heure où nous écrivons cet article, l’application Piano Tap Butterfly a été mise à jour le 09-juin-19 et a été téléchargée plus de 100 fois ce qui en fait une application des plus vues. These instruments were comparatively inexpensive, relatively small and, were promoted as being a massive status symbol. Pink piano style with unique style. Print and download Butterfly Waltz sheet music by Brian Crain arranged for Piano. They produce exquisite hand-made instruments from a factory in Sacile, an hour outside Venice. featuring 17 years old Taichi! ^0^ This isn't the official version but a self-made edit. No. More recently Edelweiss Pianos has championed the butterfly piano with their C50 Sygnet and Elmer instruments. Software house Spectrasonics includes a version of the Wurlitzer Student Butterfly Pianos as part of its Keyscape – Collector Keyboards multi-sampled virtual instrument package. The piano itself is a Model F212 (7ft) Fazioli. Découvrez Butterfly Piano Solo Version de Kim Jun Sung sur Amazon Music. After the war Wurlitzer focussed on the electric piano, based on the designs of B.F. Miessner. Stream Digimon - Wada Kouji - Butterfly (Piano Version) by Duda Castro from desktop or your mobile device. Compte et listes Compte Retours et Commandes. Please SUBSCRIBE NOW to receive more news from the world of pianos… NameEmail*. A white Fazioli with a three-dimensional walnut inlay inside the lid can be seen (and heard) at The Fairmont Pacific Rim (Vancouver), in the lobby lounge. It is a very special piano—a Fazioli. Key: G G | Capo: 0 fr | Left-Handed. The stunning decorative casework is carved from wood, however metal is used to reinforce the legs which must take the full weight of the instrument – nearly 400kg. After 29 bids the piano sold for US$6,500, somewhat exceeding expectations! I used the official song and added the audio from the prologue! New Digimon anime is coming next year! Thom died in 2016, and his design team were tasked with creating a piano to compliment the new building. The pavilion is located outside the Fairmont Pacific Rim, 1038 Canada Pl, Vancouver. “The Collective You” is a Vancouver based photographer. Read about ButterFly (Piano Version) by Wada Kouji - Digimon Soundtrack and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists. Bài hát butterfly (piano version) do ca sĩ Wada Kouji thuộc thể loại Nhac Nhat. Interestingly Fazioli fitted an extended prop so that passers-by could read the lyric. Like and share! The piano is 4’11” and after being rebuilt holds its tune remarkably well. Issuu company logo. = 100 BPM . Virtually all processes are done by hand including the final sanding and polishing. Mar 23, 2019 - Free The Butterfly Lovers piano sheet music is provided for you. The original piano version is pretty easy to find, but I'm looking for the version without Wada's vocals. Un bel dì vedremo (Butterfly) 2. Before starting, you can choose between several songs that you want to play. Pearl River also offered the GP198, a 6ft 6in butterfly grand piano with four legs and large perspex / plexiglass wings. Passer au contenu principal.fr. And it sounds like a much larger piano.)- … I hope you enjoy it! Sheet Music PDF MP3 Midi Versions. Digimon - Wada Kouji - Butterfly (Piano Version) by Duda Castro published on 2011-07-17T00:26:10Z. Digimon - Butterfly (Piano Version).mid. Fight for Beauty is open seven days a week – Sunday to Thursday from 11am—5pm, and Friday and Saturday from 11am—8pm. 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+Recorded over a year ago, together with a small group of high-profile thought leaders in the field of online collaboration (Stuart Henshall, Chris Pirillo, Howard Rheingold, Jay Cross) this is the first good conversation of this new series I am starting to publish today around the topic of the future of collaboration online. After the hyperhyped web conferencing buzz distatefully born by marketing departments after 9-11, and the series of interviews I conducted in 2003 on the future development of web conferencing and related fields, Online Collaboration is finally taking center stage among they key areas required by anyone wanting to look both at increased effiencies as well as to better communications.
+The publication takes more than a year after the original recording, as a conscious experiment in seeing how effective these online collaboration experts would have been in anticipating the future and in providing insight that would not be outdated a few weeks after its publication. To you the final judgment on how effective this has been.
+Stuart Henshall - Photo credit: Nikkei BP
+First up is Stuart Henshall, founder of Mosoci LLC and publisher of the Skype Journal. Stuart is a true independent researcher, an insightful analyst focusing on real-time communication and collaboration technologies as well as on the growing mobile social communications universe and a long-time point of reference for anyone wanting to learn more about the universe of real-time collaboration.
+I have interviewed Stuart before on the Future of Web Conferencing, and in both cases he provided lots of truly valuable and rare to hear insight.
+In this conversation we talk about "presence", privacy issues, new modes of online collaboration, instant messaging, contextual collaboration, how to overcome IT departments resistance to the adoption of new generation sharing and collaboration tools, video conferencing, and more. We explore new application and uses, interesting new features, the design of interfaces for real-time collaboration tools, open-source, open standards.
+Last but not least we look at what those who build these new technologies need to be paying attention to if they want to be successful at all in this new fascinating space.
+Here is the downloadable .mp3 of the original interview recording (.mp3 - 15 MB - duration: 42 mins), and right below is an immediately playable streamable version of the same, which you can start listening to immediately by just pressing the play button.
+This interview/podcast is sponsored by: GoToMeeting
+The Future of Online Collaboration
+Robin Good: Hello everyone, here is Robin Good in Rome, Italy, for our series on the future of online collaboration. Today with me there is a special guest - once again on the other side of the ocean - and let me send virtually the microphone over to him for his personal introduction. Good morning to you, Stuart.
+Stuart Henshall: Good morning, Robin. It's a pleasure to be here. I'm, obviously, the editor and publisher of the Skype Journal, and I have been watching the space for where collaboration is going for the last four or five years, really. So I look forward to talk to you about it.
+Robin Good: Stuart Henshall, the editor and publisher of the Skype Journal is a long-time point of reference for what happens in the world of this real-time communication and collaboration technologies, and he has been a particular point of reference for anything that relates obviously to Skype. Much before he launched the Journal, he was the first one to experiment, try out new things, and write about them. Not only about Skype, but about many of the other technologies, opportunities, new tools, and visions that could be created out of the intelligent and smart use of them. So it is a pleasure to have you here with me today, Stuart, and I would like to know, yourself, how do you see or if you have any personal definition of what online collaboration really is.
+Stuart Henshall: Well, when I think about online collaboration, I think increasingly about real-time, and how my life has changed because I can touch and reach out, many of the buddies that are on my list. I can have an instant audio or even video exchange with them. And I think that that is very different to the sorts of online experiences I was having a few years ago, which were much more asynchronous. I might find myself in a forum, I'd have to write perhaps a long screed or something like that, and I may get comments back. And so it's the real-time nature for me that, in effect, puts business around the world at my fingertips, that has really made the difference, and I think the audio presence and now emerging video is what will really drive the difference in terms of how we behave.
+Robin Good: You just mentioned the word "presence", which not many people are yet too familiar with, though if you strike the word instant messaging, much more of them will identify and remember those popular tools that many of us use. Still, the notion of presence and the advantages, the pros and cons, that it brings with it, are not too clear and immediately synthesizable by the naive non-technical user. Could you help us get a little greater grip on why presence is such a great thing; and if there are any cons, what are they?
+Stuart Henshall: I think I look at presences as you mention on an IM sort of system, the classic is, "I'm online", "I'm away", "Do not disturb", "Not available", or even "Invisible", and at the moment, that's still pretty much all we have. We don't have additional information like location, where are you right now for the most part. We don't have the capability to say, I want to be online for my office buddies, but for my evening party friends, now is not the time to be online.
+So presence is something that is evolving, and I think for the most part, many of us come to it for the first time and all of a sudden you have got a new buddy list on your instant messenger, you have added maybe four or five people, and you realize you are starting to share whether or not you're online with them. And that makes people in the first instance, I think, very uncomfortable.
+However, when your buddy list is like mine, and it gets up so you have got a couple of hundred people that are on your buddy list, and you then have 75 or 80 people that are actually online all the time, it starts to give you new advantages and new opportunities. And the one I like to share is, the sort of obvious opportunity, is the one that says, "Okay, Robin, you and I are having a conversation right now", and there's some new piece of information or there's some question that's actually brought into it, you know.
+In my Skype sort of world, I just simply reach out, create a conference call so it's an ad hoc conference call with a buddy: I may text them first, but I can reach out and bring that third party in. Same thing, if we were closing a selling deal or something like that, and I wanted to bring my boss into it to finish it off, when we can reach out and bring additional people into the conversation. I think that's where the transparency, the presence perhaps provides, enables us to start operating differently.
+Robin Good: Yes, Stuart, indeed, I much agree with what you say. But what about those situations that I see more and more frequently around me, where people stay most of the time in an invisible presence mode, because they are getting too much intrusion for their being, showing their presence. Or, in fact, they are overloaded by incoming messages or people wanting attention. How do you manage, what is the evolutionary path for this type of situation?
+Stuart Henshall: I think of this, this is a really interesting area. As I got more involved with Skype, I found that many people and in fact I think the number is something like 40% of all people that take Skype, which starts off as a ring-centric client, they actually convert it to in effect being text-centric, so when you click on it, rather than calling you directly it will open a text message as the first thing. But even text messages are intrusive, if as you say you get twenty of them opening up on your screen all at once.
+Part of the problem is that, as we create new access, we actually need better ways to manage that, and we haven't yet been given all the tools and we haven't shared with people how to make that work. And a good example of this is that, rather than perhaps sending you a text message; a text message is something that I really would like an answer, perhaps not immediately but it provides context, it's a good way to open a conversation and things like that, but if I know you're a busy guy, and my real interest is just inviting you to a barbecue on the weekend, it's probably better for me to send you a voice message, which doesn't ring your phone and doesn't necessarily open up your IM client.
+Now, I could do that by an email, but I must admit I like the sort of personal nature and persuasive nature that you can do when you introduce something like that, a voice messaging component in conjunction with these other tools. And I think that we really need to balance better, provide more controls in terms of which groups you perhaps prepare to speak to at certain points of time. And that's coming. In some of the IM systems already, I can put one group so I'm offline to one group and online to another group, and things like that. And we'll see more of that as we move forward.
+Robin Good: Oh, definitely, I look forward to see that, can't wait to be able to do a little more and set some priorities to wherever they can contact me or not. But indeed, it is apparently very difficult outside of those early adopters and technically talented people who enjoy testing out the tools and been exposed to them for a long time, to communicate easily and educate the new adopters of these tools, to understand that this is not the telephone or the traditional classroom whiteboard or any of the traditional means of communication. And as a matter of fact, they become sometimes worse in the hands of these people who have not had the opportunity to explore a good use of them, then using the traditional ones, which I find very interruptive and very intrusive in my life.
+If I'm in front of my computer, and let's say I don't have my headset connected and somebody is going to ring me out of the blue on Skype, that feels even more intrusive because I cannot even answer before I plug in my stuff and etc.
+So, what is your suggestion as to what to do to speed up adoption, understanding, education, awareness of the new way of using these tools, the appropriate one?
+Stuart Henshall: I think one of the first things is actually something that's quite simple. And that is, you need to get as big a buddy list as you possibly can, quite quickly. And at the same time, you obviously need, to a certain extent, to educate, share with your friends, and people learn over time what certain sort of status they actually mean and how you want to be connected and contacted. I sort of look at this and think many times that when I was in a large office, if it was open plan - that's one type of environment - and then obviously if you have sort of office up and down the halls in a more traditional environment, and then there was the old thing about the open doors policy.
+In this world, where you provide some visibility and some availability for yourself, those sort of semi ad hoc connections that you might make, the things that you actually overhear sometimes in effect in an office; those capabilities are perhaps transferring so that we can take advantage of them in an online and highly-distributed type of world.
+When you can make thosetypes of connections, I think we all start learning faster. And if we are not using these tools to sort of accelerate the way we learn in organizations, then the tools really won't be picked up and used. When we think about presence and we say: "Well, why should we share it?" think about how much missed communication happens in an organization because voicemails are left and not dealt with in a timely fashion, or when someone left a voicemail and someone else could have actually answered it right then and there, time is wasted, that person is sitting still.
+So we have to get a different mindset, I think about how we think about these things. They are not necessarily interruptions: they are part of your business process, how you get things done.
+Robin Good: It would be nice to discuss this in a little greater depth, I'd like to challenge some of those things and actually be proven wrong, that there is a great deal to discover in that direction. But let me ask you, rather, if you see as I do, lots of resistance within the medium to large size organization in the adoption of these real time communication tools. Is this your experience as well?
+Stuart Henshall: Where I see the adoption most of products, like Skype at the moment, are highly-distributed groups; obviously any group that is interested in cutting the cost of communications, where global collaboration is involved. That's making a real difference.
+Where time zones are involved, then presence information helps because I can be at home at ten o'clock at night, and if I want to share, connect with people halfway around the world, then they now know that they can send, say, a text message to me. I think that those types of environments are very open to change. The corporate environments, I think, are more concerned about issues around security rather than asking themselves how a combination of these tools might actually improve the way they all communicate.
+Robin Good: So what are your suggestions and strategic advices to those organizations when people from production or development departments would like to adopt such technologies, but encounter strong resistance from IT?
+Stuart Henshall: I think I start to give them examples. This one is not a direct: let's just use the sort of business example I was giving a little bit out before. You are a potential sale from me, I have been online for a while, we have a directory up which my boss can see on his screen, and it says currently that Stuart is in a call with Robin, they have been talking for 15 minutes, and the topic is online collaboration.
+So my boss says: "Okay, fine, I wonder where they are at ", he texts me, and then I say: "Well, yeah, it's a good time", and I introduce him to you, and we in effect close the call, or change it. Now, that changes the sort of power relationship, it actually changes the way we might be able to help or assist the customer. The same example would extend one step further, that says: imagine for a moment that I'm a legal firm, and so I'm a lawyer in it. As my clients come online and start to use something like Skype and things like that, they'll probably want some more access to me as the lawyer.
+And I'll obviously want a billing system that will help to answer how I bill my Skype time, [laughs] that's a separate little issue. I would like the example, the piece there that says: "Well, okay, fine, what additional value can I create for that person that perhaps has legal requirements?". And then again I can bridge or introduce them or link them to other people in the company more quickly, and substitute them, and that's enhanced customer service and value creation.
+There are lots of opportunities in that area for that. And some of the financial institutions are already experimenting with it in terms of text messaging and IM, but you add voice and video and components like that to it and the experience might many times richer.
+Robin Good: Yes, indeed, excellent answer, thank you, Stuart. Are you familiar with the term "contextual collaboration"?
+Stuart Henshall: I'd like you to redefine it for me.
+Robin Good: According to sources, contextual collaboration may be either the ability of future real communication tools to disappear within mainstream applications, as to extend their abilities without intruding with the learning curve of a new application. Or, the ability for major software developers to augment their operating systems or mainstream applications with real-time collaboration functions; as to again not to have to open another set of tools just because you want to share a document, talk over it or do something like that.
+Stuart Henshall: Okay, makes sense. So if I pick up a digital camera and I've got a question on it, I ought to be able to call customer service off the camera.
+Robin Good: That's right. And do you see this coming? Do you see this as science fiction?
+Stuart Henshall: I don't think that's science fiction, I think the voice is already now been proven that it's just a software application, it's just bits. As these devices are all connected up and networked in different ways, there is no reason I'm probably given for things like cost and things like that. There is no reason those sorts of extra sharing or collaboration opportunities might not
+come there.
+What it does suggest is that perhaps where we should be looking first is sort of more in terms of mobile phones, PDAs, things like that, that sort of way, well, how do these things start to move off the desktop and into our hands, because that is where we are going to use them.
+Robin Good: Yes, indeed. Among those two roads, existing real time communication collaboration tools, disappearing within mainstream apps, or major OS developers and application builders extending them with the same tools or others, do you see any of those two trends dominating the other?
+Stuart Henshall: I look at where Microsoft Office is going, their desire to integrate with Live Communication Server, every document and every product I see will actually shift, I get an email that comes in on one side that says, okay, fine, and Robin is online right now, or these are the people that participated in the document, perhaps I can share that. And I think that that is very likely that I'll be able to track better or network into a document better with others that may have touched it over time, and it would be nice to search in Google or something like that.
+When it comes to "how important is that", I'm not sure that it's as important as in effect using an instant messaging system as a sort of a remote control for life. I think email is an asynchronous mechanism, and we're really moving into something that is more real-time, and so I want more control through my sort of IM-type devices and my presence device, and I think that's what is most likely to drive things in the future.
+Robin Good: So let's dive into that. How do you see tools changing in a year from now, when it comes to real time collaboration? What are the new things that are appearing on the horizon?
+Stuart Henshall: I think the thing that is going to have the largest impact in the next year, potentially, is actually video. Video is going to come to the desktop in a way it hasn't come before. It can automatically be launched with every call, people can actually ask for a video call, things like that, and latency, the lip-sync will be good. We won't be looking at just flick, sort of occasional frames of someone changing anymore. You will almost be able to read their lips all the time, as long as you have good broadband lines.
+That will bring in a new set of devices and it will probably change the way we look at even some of the conferencing type capabilities. I think there is some really neat thing some of the kids do with some of the IM chat systems, whether it's in trying to tie them into gaming or increasingly little bots and things like that that are either managing multi-IRC chats or doing things like retrieve the following RSS feeds for me, or search in chat, things like that. Those things are coming, too.
+Robin Good: Do you see some major innovations in the way we're going to use P2P capabilities?
+Stuart Henshall: I think the part that has sort of fascinated me most, the one I think many of us want to get rid of, is actually this issue of "I never want to update your contact details again". Anytime you want to change them, I would like them to be updated in my registry, and I think our capability to network through those things become more and more important. But I do look and see that there's a new opportunity that's coming out, I don't know how it really evolves, but I use the following sort of example: Skype has centralized their contact list so that now, even though it's a P2P system, whenever you log in it checks with your original data in the cloud and if you were on a new client it downloads your contact list.
+Now, if we add to that contact list a voice dialing capability, and voice recognition, and even things ultimately which is video authentication, in terms of "this is who you really are", then there's a whole lot of interesting things that we can do in terms of authentication when calls come in. It also means that any time I want to call you, I just simply call you by name and that starts to change the user interfaces dramatically, because all of a sudden we can log onto all sorts of devices just by saying, whatever, "Hello, Skype Home, Stuart here".
+Potentially, now you are logged in and you are online and it knows where to feed you your calls. The capability to move that information, that small amount of information, around from like the centralized Skype contact list, but to be able to access it on your mobile phone or access it on any PC anywhere, provides some sort of unique opportunities.
+It would be very interesting to see how that starts to work, and it can also work in terms of how you share a different type of presence information in terms of location and things like that.
+Robin Good: Yes, indeed. And you have been mentioning of interfaces. How important are interfaces in your opinion in the future development of these real time collaboration tools?
+Stuart Henshall: I think it's key. It has to be simpler than anything that came before it. It's all about eliminating steps. When a message is left for me on a traditional phone, I always have to leave the phone number. When I get a message or a voice message, Skype to Skype, the answer is, I don't have to leave a phone number. I simply have to click on that person and decide which way do I want to respond, with a voice message back, with a chat, or should I just call them straight away. That eliminated a whole lot of steps, and in fact, some complexity in terms of how we actually manage these things, and so it's faster to get playback, all those things that go along with it. I think there'll be more of that.
+Robin Good: Great, thanks again for this good answer. What about the issue of open standards? Where do you stand relative to that?
+Stuart Henshall: I think we would all love to have open standards and open source systems. Usually, when that type of question is pointed at me, I feel like it's: am I in favour of SIP, or not? The Session Initiation Protocol, and the answer for VoIP, and for the most part, the VoIP sort of IM soft phone clients that have been brought into play, have just simply not matched up to Skype in terms of performance. Now, Skype obviously does use some SIP because they have an interconnect to the PSTN or historical land line phone system. But other than that, it's closed. I think that the place to look and the place you'll want more standards is in where the future of some of these collaborative things go.
+There are no answers in traditional telephony for collaboration, how should you be connecting desktop to desktop, and how it might be shared or what might make it more efficient. There is limited sort of standards set around video. I don't know of any real standards that are set around presence. So, at the moment, those are all open areas that could be developed, created, and formed, but where you have a client like Skype, who is basically running ahead developing some of those things, there's actually an open opportunity for anyone to actually define how those things will actually work in the marketplace. And the best product will win at the moment.
+Robin Good: Maybe people ask me, in fact, as they are confused about this, whether Skype is indeed a tool that supports fully open standards or not.
+Stuart Henshall: [laughs] What open standards are we referring to?
+Robin Good: I don't know. I'm asking if the standards that Skype is using are in any way to be considered open standards by all means?
+Stuart Henshall: I think some of the things that Skype is using are based on open standards. I mean, they are using VCards, for instance, for exchanging your contact details for someone else, or uploading information from Microsoft Outlook and clients like that. The audio codec they use, part of one of them is an open standard, the other one is, obviously the Global IP Sound audio codec, which isn't an open standard. But many are using it.
+The issue about openness is, well, which systems are allowed to interconnect with another one. At the moment, almost all these various systems interconnect through some relationships with the historical PSTN, and very few of them are actually connecting, if you will, network to network. Although that may come, and hopefully it will change, hopefully that will open up.
+Robin Good: But I do see indeed that Skype with its open API has made it possible for other tools to come out in the market that offer similar features and facilities, and allow to interconnect with Skype itself. As a matter of fact, I would be wondering why we have been waiting so long to see a tool that would allow us to integrate all of the major instant networks as well as Skype together, I don't know of any such tool now, maybe there is one.
+Stuart Henshall: I don't know of any tool that brings them all together. I think the difficulty is that the ones that have, Trillian, GAIM for Mac, that allow you to in effect manage multiple IM clients at the same time, none of those actually escalate effectively to voice calls, and voice is stickier than just the IM and chat. That capability to escalate the call very quickly into other modes is becoming increasingly important.
+The challenge, in terms of integrating them, is "What are you integrating?". We really are looking at a new type of client, it's a second generation of IM clients that are radically different than the first ones, which are actually based much more around voice and potentially video and other collaboration things than just being a chat client. And we don't have many of them yet.
+Robin Good: I see you are involved often with groups that are very dynamic, on the cutting edge, who pick up these technologies quite easily. Would you say, then, that many of these distributed situations you have described before, the adoption of new, effective tools, creates effective new opportunities right away, or is there any quantity of workflow change and process approach as to be amalgamated with the integration of tools to make collaboration more efficient?
+Stuart Henshall: I think, to make collaboration efficient, you have really got to have a clear focus and context for what you are doing. I'm fascinated when I get into a new wiki space and find that it has no structure there. And sometimes there are individuals that sort of really know how to fill it out and start shaping it, and then all of a sudden it's a lot easier for other people. And I think that's true of many of these tools.
+Many of us need quite a lot of structure to be comfortable with how something works; people need to train and learn about these things, and you need to share the stories, and get people going home and running a little test so they can see what the new value might be. And it's part of an experiential learning curve. And that can be laid out for people.
+Robin Good: Thank you. What do you see as being the greatest challenge for those who design and develop these tools?
+Stuart Henshall: I think one of the biggest challenges for some of these tools is probably twofold. One, I think, and it may just be perspective, but for the most part, there's too many guys developing these tools. And there's not enough women involved. So I frequently talk to people that are very, very text-centric, they really don't want to talk to you and they don't like the interruptions and things like that, and I actually believe there is another group of people that are social in different ways, to the sort of the traditional systems, programmers, developer's environment, which is not actually the way that the real world works.
+The real world works around mobiles, picking it up and calling people and things like that. I think that somehow that has got to be made a lot more, a lot easier and a lot more social. If we can get the sort of social information - particularly into mobile devices but also bring them back into desktop - and helping people to share the right sort of profiles and directory information more effectively, then we will have many richer and better conversations.
+Robin Good: In fact we have here quite a few listeners that are developers and corporate executives within conferencing, collaboration, live presentation tools, and if I understand well, you are suggesting first of all to increase a little more the ratio of women to men in the business of developing, designing, refining and testing these tools, as well as in having an increasing awareness of the importance of social tools and their value and they are well-integrated to this. Any other advice you would give out to the corporate executive guys running these companies?
+Stuart Henshall: Well, there is the classic one that just says: "you have got to look at what the young people are doing, and how they are operating and using these things, and how you get them involved". I mean, I see that in some cases and some products. I don't see it in others. But I see even my own kids, that will be soon coming out of high school and off to college, and they already use the tools dramatically differently to how I ever did.
+At the same time, there is a much older end of the spectrum that needs to be educated, brought up to date on these things. And both ends are very important. I know many people that are well and truly into retirement that are enjoying a product like Skype for calling around the world, and yet that is not typically an audience that would be looked at in terms of collaboration. I think there are some extremes that are always worth looking at, and they may generate new opportunities.
+Robin Good: So, if you were to point again at executives and people running companies that produce technologies for real time communication and collaboration, where are they to focus, to see present sets of limitations that they are imposing on their users and that they are not seeing right now? Product development, interface, usability, marketing, price... tell me, where are the issues?
+Stuart Henshall: I think the number one is that the majority are not actually focusing on the sort of enhancement of real time experiences. I think that's actually where it's at, and more and more is actually happening on either an ad hoc basis or we reach out and get the information now, and it's actually how you facilitate those exchanges so they can happen faster and more effectively.
+Robin Good: Great answer, Stuart, and I really appreciate your insight and view into many of these things. It is so mind-opening for being different and for exploring opportunities and ideas that I, myself, have not even considered that. I truly find it a learning experience every time we talk together. So thanks again for participating in this series about the future of online collaboration, and my best wishes to you for your endeavours, projects, and experimentations, because you share so much of what you test out that creating value is you keeping, having fun and trying business things and discovering the ways that we can all interact better. I leave it to you for the last hellos to our listeners. Thanks again, Stuart.
+Stuart Henshall: Thanks, Robin. You know, the one that I like to leave with people with is the sort of example that I see on the social networking sites, the moment where you have got eight million registered users, and yet only 2.000 are actually online. If you actually choose to be part or a member of a community, and if you are running a community like that, then what you really want to do is, you want to have four million people actually online right now, because the odds of you actually talking to the right people and communicating with them are much greater.
+That's what happens, when you actually reach out and extend your buddy list and bring others into the fold, you make all sorts of interesting connections. And without the collaboration tools we have had, you and I would never have met and started having these discussions, whether it's a combination of blogs, or wikis, folklives, Skype, etc., and I thoroughly enjoy the world that has opened up for me. So, thank you.
+This interview/podcast is sponsored by: GoToMeeting
+posted by Robin Good on Thursday, July 6 2006
+Robbo vs Banksy- Graffiti Wars FULL VIDEO
+Uploaded from C4s programme on the King Robbo v Banksy Graffiti Wars. Link @ Streetfiles: Video Rating: 4 / 5
+Uploaded from C4s programme on the King Robbo v Banksy Graffiti Wars. Link @ Streetfiles: Video Rating: 4 / 5
+Some cool abstract art images: bterrycompton_abstract_Art_Image_acpp – Abstract Art Image Image by bterrycompton – Abstract Art Image bterrycompton_abstract_Art_Image_adbi – Abstract Art Image Image by bterrycompton – Abstract Art Image
+New York, NY (PRWEB) February 14, 2013 During New York Fashion Week, one might be excused for thinking it odd to cover a taxidermist, but one such “rogue taxidermist” certainly qualified for inclusion in the coverage of one of the fashion world’s most exclusive events. Tonight AMC premieres a new series “IMMORTALIZED”, an 8 […]
+One of the beauties of abstract art is that it is so varied. There is everything from huge canvases covered in only one color to tiny canvases covered in dots. A lot of abstract art tends to look like wrapping paper which isn’t surprising as the wrapping paper manufacturers often get their design inspiration from […]
+Some cool outsider art images: Outsider Art 2008 Image by Adam Sporka Outsider Art 2008 Image by Adam Sporka
+Titled “Sky & Sea” this is an Acrylic on 16″ x 20″ Canvas. PaintingIsEasy.com was created by Kevin Hann (Owner and Artist) to Painting is Easy as PIE and to …
+Some cool abstract art images: Abstract 2013 002 Image by Andy Saxton3000 digital art by Andy Saxton Abstract 2013 016 Image by Andy Saxton3000 digital art by Andy Saxton
+RAGE EP. Download for FREE at. Video Rating: 4 / 5 Gifted artist at age 3. This amazingly talented little girl started painted after watching her daddy paint since birth. Now, almost 4, Anna has produced seve… Video Rating: 4 / 5
+Some cool abstract art images: Abstract Autumn Image by NadineBean acrylic on cold press 30X22.5 abstract-sono25627b Image by ara_gon abstract-sono25701a Image by ara_gon apophysis
+Часть1.Витала Мысль И Чистый Холст Сию Минуту Обретала Process of abstract painting. How to make abstract painting. Prozess der abstrakte… Video Rating: 5 / 5 Watch as this scribble turns into something only your imagination can figure out. Abstract Painting techniques by Peter Dranitsin In this video I will paint one of my orig…
+The assassination of Morgan & Custis Pendleton with high chaos. PC gameplay on very hard difficulty. Video Rating: 5 / 5 Vytvareni obrazku pomoci mechanickych psacich stroju / Creating artwork using mechanical typewriters. Video Rating: 4 / 5
+Alex […]
+by Adam Sporka With the great increase in the designs of the lamps and the lighting solutions, people nowadays are more prone to choose something that looks different in their homes. This subsequently has made the designer lamps increase in popularity. One of the prominent examples for designer lamps are the FLOS Ray F lamps […]
+by Adam Sporka Who doesn’t love luxury handbags? The high quality leather and avant-garde attitude toward these bags is something you can’t find anywhere else in the world. France is one country that does this incredibly well. And in France, Céline is a company that tops the list. They are famous for luxury and avant-garde […]
+College Park, MD (PRWEB) November 11, 2013 Students at the University of Maryland are getting a taste of what it takes to develop fearless ideas during a series of two-week, mini-courses. The courses, integrated into existing classes, are being taught to more than 600 students this semester. Teaching the courses is Erica Estrada-Liou, a […]
+Certain aspects of the artistic experience are clearly more difficult to preserve than others. How does one catalog artistic motivation? How can the context … Video Rating: 0 / 5
+by renaissancechambara Question by I ♥ 80s Music: Question about art??????????? okay I went to the museum and did my assignment on a beautiful african painting I saw…and on the paper my teacher said list the important elements of art in this artwork? what does that mean..Be specific..geez i’m only 12 Best answer: Answer by […]
+Question by lost soul: What should i draw for an art contest? The theme is African American. I don’t know what to draw. It can be anything relating to an African American. I have to draw it by friday, so please tell me something specific. Don’t tell me to draw from my heart, I need […]
+Some recent african art auctions on eBay:
+by Smithsonian Libraries Question by Hemlok: How did the painting ‘Mademoiselle d’Avignon’ by Picasso can be a two way dialogue? I have a discussion regarding this topic. The full topic is actually ‘How did the painting by Picasso’s Mademoiselle d’Avignon show that modern art can be a two- way dialogue between different cultures?’. I just […]
+Most popular africa art eBay auctions:
+by catface3 Question by essingapr: What Are the Best Performing Art Colleges in California? What are the best Performing Art Colleges in California? I am looking for a school that has ALL of Music, Visual Art, Dance, Theatre, and Fashion. Thank you. Either I can’t find that kind of a Uni in California that has […]
+Maria asks… Does this make me a pervert? Serious answers only ; sensitive topic.? I was interested in adopting a special needs child sometime in the future. There are various special needs and Im doing my research to see which ones to rule out / which ones Im capable of handling. Hermaphroditism, intersexuality, and other […]
+Nancy asks… Looking for some good new anime, with some romance involved aspects!? I’ve already watched read: Durarara!! Bokura Ga Ita Kaichou Wa Maid Sama Fruits Basket Ouran High School Host Club Some of tsubasa resevoir chronicles And a couple of other shonen: Death Note, Bleach, One Piece Any recommendations?? (I don’t want any super […]
+Nancy asks… i am planning a wedding for august 29 2009… i need help!?!?!? i need to know exactly what i need to do i have nooo idea how to plan a wedding, [never been married ] i dont want a huge wedding but decent… please share if you have any helpful advice Artie answers: […]
+John asks… HELP! I’m going to cut myself again? So last night I pranked called a friend, but i only played music when she answered. However, I did this several times. And while I was pranking her I claimed I was getting pranked the same way too. So today she texts me and says to […]
+Michael asks… Artists/Bands/Singers Weirder than Captain Beefheart on Trout Fish Replica? I just listened to Captain Beefheart’s “Trout Fish Replica” after reading and hearing it mentioned many times. If it’s not one of the weirdest albums, I agree that it’s the weirdest album ever recorded. Every music by the instruments never mix well, or rather […]
+James asks… Why do artists use words in their art? contemporary art Artie answers: In the case of contemporary art, maybe there is something specific they are trying to convey and cannot do it with the limits of most contemporary works. Maybe lack of ambition and creativity? I never never use words in any of […]
+I always knew that exposure to the arts made me feel good, but I never thought about the reasons behind my reactions. It turns out that our systems are hard wired to respond to works of art, and the benefits of artistic interactions go much deeper than just pleasing our eyes and ears.
+Contemporary art Santa Fe – The word contemporary describes anything existing or occurring in the present time we live in. By this meaning, anyone can understand that contemporary art refers to the art which has been produced during our lifetimes. Most people mark the Second World War as the advent. Most art museums and galleries define contemporary art in a different view. They usually place the beginning of this art movement a little farther into the Twentieth Century.
+As the old cliche goes, there are no limits in art these days and yes, there is definitely no hard and fast rule when it comes to the artwork of our time. This is especially true when it comes to contemporary art. Contemporary art really makes the public audience think about a particular piece of art and captivates their interests.
+Do you know the difference between contemporary art and abstract art? The contrast between the two can often be a little ambiguous, but once you understand how to tell the difference, you’ll recognize the special parts of all the fantastic pieces that belong to each style. The art scene is possibly more vibrant today than it has ever been in the history of humanity.
+Contemporary artists who want to share their creations with New York-area aficionados and purchasers have a new location – One River Gallery in Englewood, NJ – that is eager to promote, present, and support their work.
+We commonly hear the phrase Contemporary Art used while we’re roaming a gallery, but what exactly does it imply? The answer to this question can be located within the question itself. Actually, the word “Contemporary” implies something that concerns the present period. From this meaning, it is clear that any art that has been developed in our lifetimes may be called Contemporary Art. But if we are speaking, for example, on behalf of a 95-year-old guy that was born in 1906, we will definitely discover our own selves experiencing a complication. Will our explanation work in that scenario? It most likely will not, so to explain things in an unambiguous method, art scholars have specified Contemporary Art as any art which has been made prior to World War II. Some art historians mark the movement’s start a little later and define Contemporary Art’s timeline as beginning in the 1970′s and reaching to the present.
+by kndynt2099 Question by ♥♥….♥♥: anybody knows about japanese art? i have forgot,what this call?but this is a japanese art.u think it is real but it is not.thats just a picture.sometime it looks like some body parts of the person in picture is outside of the pic,but its just an illusion.can anyone please help me?can […]
+Japanese Art on eBay:
+Question by Shelly Scott: I have a water color painting with a Japanese or Chinese signature.How do I find out who the artist is? I bought a water color painting at an antique store. There is a signature and a stamp on the picture that is either Japanese or Chinese. Where can I post a […]
+Some recent japan art auctions on eBay:
+Question by Yoshoku: According to the Japanese who was the greatest samurai? In Japanese History who is classed as being the best samurai? Just a little project I am working on so any help is appreciated If there is not one I wouldn’t mind anyone famous skilled in sword training. Thanks Also, who was classed […]
+japanese art eBay auctions you should keep an eye on:
+Nancy asks… where to buy graffiti art work? I want to buy like a 3ft by 5 ft orginal art work for my walls do u know where i can buy sum.they usally cost around $100 up to 2000 . Artie answers: 1. Keep your eye on 2. I do work with some graffiti […]
+Robert asks… what can i do for my art project its on fashion? Artie answers: Make a comic strip with a time machine in it, featuring your main character in many different fashions over the years, going back to Roman times, or even cave people. Create excerpts from an imaginary diary, with illustrations showing how […]
+Richard asks… he can’t love me if he’s like this, can he? My partner & I have been having a lot of problems. He’s lovely 80% of the time but the rest of the time he can be quite controlling. He says he loves me & that i’m beautiful but to be honest I no […]
+Maria asks… To those who have gone through planning a wedding!? I never knew what a nightmare planning a wedding is…. I am about ready to throw in the towel and walk to the local courthouse… Please tell me how you found light at the end of the tunnel? Did you end up just going […]
+Exchange of Heart
+leave comments pls..
+leave comments pls..!
+gta grand theft auto GTA3 three liberty city missions guide the exchange final mission end claude speed gtamissions walkthrough
+Listen on Spotify: smarturl.it Download on Beatport: smarturl.it Download on iTunes: smarturl.it Download on Psyshop: smarturl.it Infos: Catalog Nr.: SPN1CD039 Release Date: 2011-05-03
+Offical Audiomatic Vaishiyas Exchange!
+club los angeles feelgood fridays la exchange california dj dancing party crazy crowd house music los angeles club teaser nightlife clubbing feelgood feel nightclub night life feelgoodnights
+How do currency values rise and fall? Why would a country want to manipulate the value of its own currency?
+economics currency exchangerate exchange_rate FX foreign_exchange markets appreciation depreciation
+Introduction to how exchange rates can fluctuate
+Currency Introduction Exchange Yuan Renminbi
+Diffie-Hellman key exchange was one of the earliest practical implementations of key exchange within the field of cryptography. It relies on the discrete logarithm problem. This test clip will be part of the final chapter of Gambling with Secrets!
+public key cryptography diffie-hellman key exchange Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange cryptography discrete logrithm modular arithmetic one-way function security math
+Download our iPhone app here For more check out
+ufc 121 undertaker the undertaker wwe brock lesnar udnertaker vs. brock lesnar cain velasquez mma ultimate fighting
+Middleton High welcomes a mysterious wild-haired stranger while Ron transfers to an equally secret ninja school in a student exchange. As he makes himself at home, Kim and Monique get into a steadily intensifying competition to impress the exchange student. In Japan, Ron fights off Lord Monkey Fist's attempts to steal the powerful Lotus Blade with help from a traitor.
+kim possible episode 32 exchange part yori
+Donald Glaude and DJ Scotty Boy Spin for Donald Glaude's Birthday Bash. EXchange LA Nightclub For Reservations Log onto: Feelgoodfridays.us Video by: 3 Shape Media
+exchange LA Nightclub Feel Good Fridays Donald Glaude Birthday Promo DJ Scotty Boy
+The latest version of EE, ready for viewing and Downloading, get it
+Winner of the May 2011 36 Hour Film Festival at christianfilmmakers.org! Winner of the Once a Week Film Festival Rodriguez
+translator funny short guns action russia russians hilarious invision noble agent g wagon nissan z film contest 36 hour
+In this week's "Santino's Foreign Exchange," WWE Superstar Heath Slater sits down with Santino Marella and talks about his feud with rapper, Flo Rida. twitter.com twitter.com
+wwe wwf wrestling Superstars raw smackdown afterburn nxt World Wrestling Entertainment ppv pay per view divas Santino Marella cobra Santino's Foreign Exchange interviews hosts talk show funny stand up comedy laughs @milanmiracle pay-per-view Flo Rida southern roots Heath Slater
+WWE Superstar and host, Santino Marella shares with Michael McGillicutty and the WWE Universe just how dirty he will get to prove he's a diligent worker. Subscribe to watch this week's edition of "Santino's Foreign Exchange" on YouTube!
+wwe wwf wrestling Superstars raw smackdown afterburn nxt World Wrestling Entertainment ppv pay per view divas Santino Marella cobra Santino's Foreign Exchange interviews hosts Michael mcgillicutty dirty jobs
+Nokia Mail for Exchange for Asha 302 and Asha 303 nokia.ly.
+Nokia Beta Mail MFE Mail for Exchange Nokia Beta Labs betalabs Phone Mobile email calendar contacts synchronization asha series40 Mobile Device
+Why do stock exchanges exist? What are they for? And how do they impact your investing life? Stock exchanges are key to our investing, Tim Bennett, Deputy Editor of explains everything an investor needs to know about stock exchanges in an easy to understand version fit for beginners and advanced investors alike. Covering stock markets, brokers, traders, order books, market makers, guarantees, settlements, and trades. Find us on Facebook: To watch Tims other videos simply subscribe to our youtube channel by clicking on MoneyWeekVideos directly above the video.
+Stock Exchange stock market stocks trades Investment Tutorial Trading Business Finance Economy Educational money
+Another highly electrifying episode of Comedy Circus ke Superstars. The twist in this episode is that each jodi will perform an act which has already been done by some other jodi, in their own unique way. Watch your favourite Kapil Sharma play a writer. Sudesh Lahiri as a mobile phone in a turmoil and Bharti Sharma as an angry air hostess are amazingly hilarious. Watch the episode for more fun..
+SET SETINDIA Sony Entertainment Television Sony TV Channel Comedy India Funny Circus Ke Super Stars Episode 18 HQ High Quality HD High Definition
+Grand Theft Auto 3's Final Mission (No. 65) - "The Exchange" recorded in high definition! - Follow Me! ~ For all my GTA missions! -------------------------------------- Recorded using Fraps Edited using Sony Vegas
+gta 3 grand theft auto 3 GTA3 final mission The Exchange The Exchange last Claude Speed LC Liberty City PC PS2 guide walkthrough help HD glitch secrets weapons willzyyy
+KOTD - VENDETTA - June 9th @ Exchange LA (Los Angeles, CA) ----Tickets and Merch - On Sale Now - Be apart of the Action - LIVE STREAM - Facebook event page - For those unable to make the live showdown, the event will also be available live on pay-per-view via the KOTD Ustream channel. This is one event that underground rap enthusiasts' won't want to miss, and is sure to go down as the most explosive match-up in battle rap history. Broadcast in high-quality audio and video for you to enjoy with thousands of people from all over the world. There will even be a chat where you can interact with fans from everywhere, LIVE as battles happen. There will be exclusive interviews and 2 camera angles with a live editor on site! It doesn't matter if you live across the sea in the UK , Australia or here in North America, you can order the PPV and be apart of history first hand. Its the next best thing to being there live. Contribution by Calvin Hussey More info - canibusvsdizaster.com Noah + The Man headlining at Exchange LA on October 14, 2011 in front of a capacity crowd. Thanks to everyone for coming out, dancing, and making the night a success! FIlmed and Edited By Tim B. - lapartyreport.com Photos by Sina Araghi - photobysina.com Noah + The Man http
+Noah + The Man Noah and the Man Cadence in B# Tim B. LA Partyreport DJ Exchange LA House Music Rock Raat progressive house
+Zael & Calista continue to fight for their personal future in this episode as they clear a path through to visit the grave of her deceased parents, however a more dangerous enemy than reptids lurk within the graveyard, as the couple face their last threat between them and married life! Reaching the gravestone at last, the couple are ready to embark on a new life together, however their private moment is hijacked by the rest of the party! Having not given a hand in the perils before, Zael is somewhat miffed at seeing them, until they take Calista away and come back with her in full wedding dress! With nothing standing in their way anymore, the intimate ceremony can finally begin and our lovers can get their happily ever Epilogue Wedding Vows Aftermath Graveyard Parents Gravestone Gold Spider Dress Married
+David Slater (born 1962) specializes in performing the nolstalgic pop hits made famous by Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Elvis Presley, and others. His 2005 CD, Nice And Easy, is a tribute to such legendary crooners.
+davidfoster davidslater exchangeofheart bobbycaldwell christophercross danhill scottgrimes michaelsmith coreyhart kennyloggins tiffany yurickanderson lyrics richardmarx
+Duncan shows off some more of the Equivalent Exchange mod.
+Duncan Lalna Yogscast Minecraft Technic Pack Tekkik 2.0 Industrialcraft Buildcraft Tesla Coils Wizard tower Equivilent Exchange
+Get free access to research at bit.ly IT shops upgrading to Exchange 2010 from Exchange 2003 must be aware of the system requirements and best practice procedures before embarking on the upgrade. Watch this video to find out the key considerations, what to watch for when upgrading to Exchange 2010 and why transitioning from Exchange 2007 should not be on the agenda.
+Exchange mailbox 2010 Email Client Access Server license Microsoft 2003 Unified Messaging Edge Transport transition migrate Communications application overview software technology using
+One sided love broke the seaside down And I took it rough when I hit the ground That you went your way and I went half wild But girl you'ld understand, if your heart was mine If we had an exchange of heart, Then you'ld know why I fell apart You'ld feel the pain When the memories start If we had an exchange of heart I'd never wish a lonely heart ungood, It's not your fault I chose to play the fool One day may come when you'll be in my shoes, That your heart will break and you'll feel just like I do Oh time turns the tables, and soon I'll be able, To find a new romance And if you'll remember, my love warm and tender, Too late for a second chance If we had an exchange of heart, Then you'ld know why I fell apart You'ld feel the pain When the memories start If we had an exchange of heart If we had an exchange of heart... David Slater - Exchange of Heart
+David Slater Exchange of Heart circasitenta Mellow Touch Music 60s 70s 80s Videoke Karaoke Love Song Ballad
+This tutorial will show you how to install Microsoft Exchange Server 2003 on a Windows Server 2003 R2 server. I also go though the system requirements for installing Exchange Server 2003.
+windows server exchange 2003 r2 enterprise edition tutorials hd mullinsj08
+Peak Moment 64:.
+Orcas Island recycling garbage dump re-use thrift store
+Installing Exchange Server 2007 Fully Narrated by (MCT) Microsoft Certified Trainer: William Grismore. This video demonstrates how easy it is to install Exchange Server 2007 as long as you have completed all the proper Pre-Installation steps. Make sure you watch the Preparing for Installing Exchange Server 2007 (A 4 part YouTube Series). This video demonstration installing Exchange Server 2007 on a Windows Server 2003 Server infrastructure.
+Exchange 2007 Exchange Installing Exchange Installing Exchange 2007
+Witness John O'Callaghan in action at Exchange LA along with W&W and Sean Tyas!
+john o'callaghan sean tyas w&w exchange la exchange los angeles exchange nightclub los angeles electronic music dj dj john o'callaghan insomniac downtown la downtown los angeles dtla trance dance subculture subculture los angeles
+In this week's webisode, WWE Superstar Santino Marella attempts to expand his horizons outside sports-entertainment. Could The Milan Miracle become the next reality TV star?
+wwe wwf wrestling Superstars raw smackdown afterburn nxt World Wrestling Entertainment ppv pay per view divas Santino Marella cobra Santino's Foreign Exchange interviews hosts
+Peter here once again with another mod that i want to show you guys. This mod is called equivalent exchange and this mod is also popular in minecraft. Subscribe ;) Download link: Credit goes to Nycimus for making this mod !
+skyrim skyrim mod mod equivalent exchange skyrim tranmute skyrim simle transmutation equivalent exchange minecraft mods transmutation
+Save money and participate in the things you love by inquiring about a work exchange or barter. One of our Frugalicious friends gets a free membership at a yoga studio because she works the front desk.!
+free yoga yoga videos yoga Frugalicious Money Budget Deals Coupons Frugal Savings Bargains Moms Saving Money How To How To Save Money Discounts Bitsy's Quick Tips Work Exchange Gym Membership Discount Gym Memberships Save Money on Gym Memberships Exercise Save Money on Exercise
+Equivalent Exchange v5.x has been released! This mod has been COMPLETELY revamped, and therefore I'll need a few videos to cover it. This is episode 1. Get the mod here: Also: Craftguide -
+Minecraft Equivalent Exchange Version
+City Council Unanimously Passes Nondiscrimination Amendments Weelunk Staff December 20, 2016 2 After further public comment and remarks from a majority of Council, City Council voted unanimously to adopt the nondiscrimination amendments to Article 169 during tonight’s Wheeling City Council meeting. Introduced December 6, 2016 AN ORDINANCE BY THE CITY OF WHEELING AMENDING AND REENACTING ARTICLE 169 OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE ENTITLED HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION. BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF WHEELING: Section 1. The City of Wheeling hereby ordains that the former Article 169 B Human Rights Commission is amended and the reenacted as follows: ARTICLE 169 Human Rights Commission 169.01 DECLARATION OF POLICY. In order to build an inclusive community, the City will dedicate deliberate and provide continuous attention to the human relations and human rights or its residents and visitors. It is the public policy of the City to provide all of its residents and workers equal opportunity for employment, equal access to places of public accommodations and equal opportunity on the sale, purchase, lease, rental and financing of housing accommodations or real property. Equal opportunity in the areas of employment, public accommodations, housing accommodations or real property is hereby declared to be a human right or civil right of all persons without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, familial status, veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity. The denial of these rights to properly qualified persons by reason of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, familial status, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity is contrary to the principles of freedom and quality of opportunity and is destructive to a free and democratic society. This City policy is based on the recognition and vision that the diversity found in our City brings forth richness in our community, a greater understanding of our world, a multitude of talent to benefit collective needs, and an opportunity for enhanced living and learning for all. Inherent in this policy is a commitment to encourage and endeavor to bring about equal opportunity, mutual 169.10 Conflicts of Law CROSS REFERENCES understanding and respect for persons of all ages, abilities, ancestry, blindness, color, disabilities, ethnicities, familial status, veteran status, national origins, sex, races, religions, sexual orientations, gender identities, and other backgrounds or orientations. 169.02 DEFINITIONS When used in this article: (a) AAge@ means 40 or above. (b) AChair@ means the chair of the Human Rights Commission of the City of Wheeling. (c) ACommission@ means the Human Rights Commission of the City of Wheeling. (d) ADiscriminate@ or Adiscrimination@ means to exclude from or fail or refuse to extend to, aperson equal opportunities because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, familial status, veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity and includes Ato separate@ or Asegregate.@ (e) AEmployee@ shall not include any individual employed by his parents, spouse or child, or in the domestic service of any person. (f) AEmployer@ means any person employing 12 or more persons within the City and includes an agent of such person, and its agencies. Provided, that such term shall not be taken, understood or construed to include a private club, which, in fact, is not open to the public. (g) AEmployment agency@ includes any person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure, recruit, refer or place employees. A newspaper engaged in the activity of advertising in the normal course of its business shall not be deemed to be an employment agency. (h) AFamilial status@ means. Nothing in this definition restricts advertisements of dwellings which are intended and operated for occupancy by older persons and which constitute housing for older persons. (i) A person shall be deemed to have a Adisability@ if he or she: Has a mental or physical impairment which substantially limits one or more of suchperson=s major life activities; Amajor life activities@ includes functions such as caring for one=s self, performing manual tasks, walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, breathing, learning and working; Has a record of such impairment; or Is regarded as having such an impairment. For the purposes of this article Adisabled@ does not include persons whose current use of or addiction to alcohol or drugs prevents such individual from performing the duties of the job in question or whose employment, by reasons of such current alcohol or drug abuse, would constitute a direct threat to property or the safety of others. For the purpose of this article, a person shall be considered to be blind only if his central visual acuity does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye with correcting lenses, or if his visual acuity is greater than 20/200 but is occasioned by a limitation in the field of vision such that the widest diameter of the visual field subtends an angle no greater than twenty degrees. For the purpose of this article, in the event of a conflict between the interpretation of these provisions concerning Adisability@ and the interpretation of a similar provision contained in the federal law commonly referenced as the Americans with Disabilities Act (>ADA=), the interpretation of the provisions of the ADA shall apply to this municipal Ordinance. (j) AHousing accommodations@ means any building or portion thereof which is used or intended for use as the residence or sleeping place of one or more persons. Nothing contained in this definition or this article shall apply to the rental of a room in a rooming house occupied by the owner as a place of residence and containing no more than three rented rooms, or rooms to be rented. (k) AInclusive City@ and “Inclusive Community” as used in this Ordinance shall mean the same thing, e.g., a City; (l) ALabor organization@ includes any organization which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, for collective bargaining or for dealing with employers concerning grievances, terms or conditions of employment, or for other mutual aid or protection in relation to employment. (m) APerson@ means one or more individuals, partnerships, associations, organizations, corporations, labor organizations, cooperatives, legal representatives, trustees, trustees in bankruptcy, receivers and other organized groups of person.. (n) AOwner@ shall include the owner, lessee, sublessee, assignee, manager, agents or other person having the right to sell, rent or lease any housing accommodation or real property within the City or any agent of any of these. (o) APlace of public accommodations@ means any establishment or person, as defined herein, including the City and any of its affiliated boards and commissions, or any political or civil subdivision thereof, which offers its services, goods, facilities or accommodations to the general public, but does not include any accommodations which are classified as private clubs pursuant to the applicable regulations of the State of West Virginia Alcohol Beverage Control Commission, or places or events that are by their nature private. (p) APurchaser@ includes any occupant, prospective occupant, lessee, prospective lessee, renter, prospective renter, buyer or prospective buyer. (q) AReal estate broker@ includes any person, firm or corporation who, for a fee, commission or other valuable consideration, or by reason of a promise or reasonable expectation thereof, lists for sale, sells, exchanges, buys or rents, or offers or attempt to negotiate a sale, exchange, purchase or rental of real-estate or an interest therein, or collects or offers or attempts to collect rent for the use of real estate or solicits for a prospective purchaser, or assists or desists in the procuring of prospects or the negotiation or closing of any transaction which does or is contemplated to result in the sale, exchange, leasing, renting or auctioning of any real estate, or negotiates, offers or attempts or agrees to negotiate a loan secured or to be secured by mortgage or other encumbrance upon transfer of any real estate for others, or any person who, for pecuniary gain or expectation of pecuniary gain, conducts a public or private competitive sale of lands or any interest in land. In the sale of lots, the term Areal estate broker@ also includes newspaper engaged in the activity of advertising in the normal course of its business shall not be deemed to be a real estate broker. (r) AReal estate salesman@ includes any person who, for compensation, valuable consideration or commission, or other thing of value, or by reason of a promise or reasonable expectation thereof, is employed by and operates under the supervision of real estate broker to sell, buy or offer to buy or negotiate the purchase, sale or exchange of real estate, offers or attempts to negotiate a loan secured or to be secured by a mortgage or other encumbrance upon or transfer of real estate for others, or to collect rents for the use of real estate, or to solicit for prospective or other parcels of real estate, at a stated salary, or upon a commission, or upon a salary and commission, or otherwise, to sell real estate, or any parts thereof, in lots or other parcels. (s) AReal property@ includes real estate, lands, leaseholds, commercial or industrial buildings and any vacant land offered for sale or rent on which the construction of a housing accommodation, commercial or industrial building is intended, and any land operated as a trailer camp or rented or leased for the use, parking or storage of mobile homes or house trailers. (t) ARooming house@ means a house or building where there is one or more bedrooms which the proprietor can spare for the purpose of giving lodgings to such persons as he chooses to receive. (u) ASexual Orientation@ means actual or perceived heterosexuality, homosexuality or bisexuality. (v) AGender identity@ means actual or perceived appearance, or behavior of an individual, with or without regard to the individual=s assigned sex at birth. (w) AUnlawful discriminatory practices@ includes only those practices specified in section 169.03. (x) AVeteran status@ means a person who has served in the active military naval or air service, and who was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable. 169.03 UNLAWFUL DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES It shall be unlawful discriminatory practice, unless based upon a bona fide occupational qualification: 1. For any employer to discriminate against an individual with respect to compensation, hire, tenure, terms, conditions or privileges of employment on the basis of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Provided, that it shall not be an unlawful discriminatory practice of an employer to observe the provisions of any bona fide pension, retirement, group or employee insurance or welfare benefit plan or system not adopted as a subterfuge to evade the provisions of this subsection., disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity of any applicant for employment or membership, except for such forms which shall be kept separate from the application blanks for the administration of any bona-fide affirmative action plan, that is in accordance with state and federal laws and regulations, or for the purpose of complying with any state or federal statute, or rule or regulation issued by any agency of the state or federal government, or for the purpose of making reports required by agencies of the state or federal government; Print or publish or cause to be printed or published any notice or advertisement relating to employment or membership indicating any preference, limitation, specification or discrimination based upon race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity; or Deny or limit, through a quota system, employment or membership because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. (3) For any labor organization because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity of any individual to deny full and equal membership rights to any individual or otherwise to discriminate against such individuals with respect to hire, tenure, terms, conditions or privileges of employment or any other matter, directly or indirectly related to employment. (4) For an employer, labor organization, employment agency or any joint labor-management committee controlling apprentice training program to: Select individuals for an apprentice training program on any basis other than their qualifications as determined by objective criteria which permit review; Discriminate against any individual with respect to his right to be admitted to or participate in a guidance program, an apprenticeship training program, on-the-job training program, or other occupational training or retraining program; Discriminate against any individual in his pursuit of such programs or to discriminate against such a person in the terms, conditions or privileges of such programs; or Print or circulate or cause to be printed or circulated any statement, advertisement or publication; or to use any form of application of such programs; or to make any inquiry in connection with such program which expresses, directly or indirectly, discrimination or any intent to discriminate, unless based upon a bona fide occupational qualification. (5) For any employment agency to fail or refuse to classify properly, refer for employment, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual because of his race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. (6) For any person being the owner, lessee, proprietor, manager, superintendent, agent or employee of any place of public accommodations to: Refuse, withhold from or deny to any individual because of his race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity, either directly or indirectly, any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges or services of such place of public accommodations; or Publish, circulate, issue, display, post or mail, either directly or indirectly, any written or printed communication, notice or advertisement to the effect that any of the accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges or services of such place shall be refused, withheld from or denied to any individual on account of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, sex, blindness, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity or that the patronage or custom threat of any individual belonging to or purporting to be of any particular race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity or who is blind or disabled is unwelcome, objectionable, not acceptable, undesired or not solicited. (7) For any person, employer, employment agency, labor organization, owner, real estate broker, real estate salesman or financial institution. Willfully obstruct or prevent any person from complying with the provisions of this article, or to resist, prevent, impede or interfere with the Commission or any of its members or representatives in the performance of duty under this article; or c. Engage in any form of reprisal or otherwise discriminate against any person who has opposed any practices or acts forbidden under this article or because he has filed a complaint, testified or assisted in any proceeding under this article. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth within this Ordinance, nothing in this Ordinance shall be construed to violate the rights of freedom of speech or religion guaranteed by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Article III, Section 7 and 15 of the West Virginia Constitution. The recognition of sexual orientation and gender identity as classifications subject to complaints of discrimination in this Ordinance shall not pertain to a religious organization, association, educational institution or society employing individuals whose primary duties consist of teaching or spreading doctrine or belief, religious governance, supervision of a religious order, supervision of persons teaching or spreading religious doctrine or belief, or supervision or participation in religious ritual or worship. Nothing in this Ordinance shall prevent a religious organization, association, educational institution or society from restricting membership or access to any of its religious services or activities to those who are members of the same religion. 169.04 COMMISSION ESTABLISHED, COMPOSITION AND MEMBERSHIP The Human Rights Commission shall consist of nine members to be appointed by the Mayor with the approval of City Council. They shall be residents of and reside in the City of Wheeling. The Commission may appoint, with the approval of City Council, ex-officio members who shall have the privilege of participation without the right to vote. The members serve voluntarily and without compensation. Commissioners shall serve for three year terms beginning with the first meeting after the beginning of the municipal fiscal year, except that appointment to fill vacancies shall be for the unexpired term thereof. Members may be eligible for reappointment and may continue to serve during interim periods when there has yet to be a reappointment or a new Commissioner appointed. 169.05 COMMISSION ORGANIZATION AND PERSONNEL. Officers: The officers of the Human Rights Commission shall be a Chairperson and Vice Chairperson and such officers shall assign the designated Commissioner to oversee and direct the Complaint process described herein. The Chairperson shall serve as the liaison to the City Administration. Appropriation of Funds: City Council may appropriate any funds that it deems necessary to carry out any of the proposals set forth by the Human Rights Commission. The Commission, with the approval of Council, may apply for State and Federal financial aid in grants or other forms of financial assistance through the City Administration to assist in carrying out any approved plans or projects. The City Manager may select a Secretary for the Commission who shall serve at the will and pleasure of the City Manager and whose duties and salary, if any, shall be set by the City Manager. 169.06 MEETINGS The Human Rights Commission shall meet as often as is deemed necessary by its members, upon call of the Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson in the absence of the Chairperson. 169.07 COMMISSION STATUS AND OBJECTIVES. The Commission shall encourage and endeavor to bring about mutual understanding and respect among all racial, religious and ethnic groups within the City; and shall strive to eliminate all discrimination in employment and places of public accommodations by virtue of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity and shall strive to eliminate all discrimination in the sale, purchase, lease, rental or financing of housing and other real property by virtue of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity. The Commission shall promptly evaluate allegations of a written complaint which falls within the Commission=s jurisdiction and within ten (10) days of receipt decide whether or not to retain such complaint within the City Commission or forward such to the State of West Virginia Human Rights Commission for action. Reasonable extensions of time may be made by the Commission itself or given by the Commission upon written request by either party. Any complaint involving the City of Wheeling or any of its instrumentalities shall be sent for processing to the State of West Virginia Human Rights Commission. In addition, the purpose of the Commission shall be to: (a) Work to make Wheeling an inclusive city. (b) Collaborate with other partners as appropriate to encourage leadership in helping attain inclusivity in the City; (c) Assess needs and identify barriers towards becoming a more inclusive community. Establish goals and objectives for sustaining welcoming environments, enhancing global awareness, and promoting optimum opportunities for supporting safe housing and thriving people. (d) Support as well as plan, participate in, publicize, implement, and evaluate programs, services and activities which promote appreciation for all peoples and the personal worth of every individual; and (e) Enlist the cooperation of civil, community, corporate, educational, ethnic, health care, labor, racial, religious, social justice or other identifiable groups of the City in programs and services devoted to the advancement of tolerance, communication and understanding, and equal protection of the laws of all groups and people. 169.08 POWERS; FUNCTIONS; SERVICES. The Commission has the right and duty to communicate with City Council by presenting to the City Manager and the City Solicitor any issues that may present legal ramifications pursuant to this Article. The Office of the City Solicitor serves as the Commission=s legal counsel. The Commission is hereby authorized and empowered: (a) To cooperate and work with federal, state, county, and local government officers, units, activities and agencies in the promotion and attainment of more harmonious understanding and greater equality of rights between and among all racial, religious and ethnic groups in this City. (b) To enlist the cooperation of racial, religious and ethnic units, community and civic organizations, industrial and labor organizations and other identifiable groups of the City in programs and campaigns devoted to the advancement of tolerance, understanding and the equal protection of the laws of all groups and people. (c) To hold and conduct public meetings relating to fostering awareness of the many types of discrimination. These public meetings shall be of a non-adjudicatory nature and shall not constitute investigations or adjudication of individual complaints regarding unlawful discrimination under the West Virginia Human Rights Act 5-11-1 et. seq. or this Article. (d) To have the ability to refer any individual or group complaint regarding alleged acts of unlawful discrimination to the West Virginia Human Rights Commission for investigation and adjudication upon receipt of a written complaint or after conciliation and conference should such efforts fail or, in the alternative, shall the conciliation process fail and the Commission believes that discrimination has occurred, it may provide a cease and desist order as discussed later in the Article at ‘ 169.09. (e) To study problems and needs related to inclusivity in the City and make specific recommendation to the City Manager and to City Council and other partners as pertinent. (f) To prepare a written report on its work, functions and services for each year ending on June 30 and to deliver copies thereof to Council on or before December 1 next thereafter. (g) To do all other acts and deeds necessary and proper to carry out and accomplish effectively the objectives, functions and services contemplated by the provisions of this Article, including, if necessary, the promulgation of rules and regulations, to be approved by the City Solicitor, implementing the powers and authority hereby vested in the Commission. (h) To study the problem of discrimination in all or specific fields or instances of discrimination because of race, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, age, blindness, disability, veteran status, sexual orientation and or gender identity; to foster, through community effort or otherwise, goodwill, cooperation and conciliation among the groups and elements of the population of the City and to participate with other agencies and groups regarding programs of formal and informal education. The Commission may itself voluntarily make the studies and perform the acts authorized by this subsection. It may, by voluntary conferences with parties in interest, endeavor to eliminate discrimination in all stated fields and to foster goodwill and cooperation among all elements of the population of the City. (i) To accept contributions from any person to assist in the effectuation of the purposes of this section and to see and enlist the cooperation of private, charitable, religious, labor and civic and benevolent organizations for the purpose of this section. (j) To issue such publications and research as in its judgment will tend to promote goodwill and minimize or eliminate discrimination; however, the associated costs of such require prior approval by the City Manager and/or City Council. (k) Advise, consult with, and inform the City Manager or his designee on any matter pertaining to inclusivity in the City. (l) Support program initiatives to promote residents’ awareness and knowledge of both opportunities to increase inclusivity and current barriers which limit community inclusiveness and long-term sustain ability. (m) Participate in community activities in the city which increases public awareness of issues; promotes education and understanding, provides, enables or enhances services; articulates planned collaboration; and promotes public participation. (n) Use media and the municipal marketing and internet facilities available within the City Administration to frame and convey information about issues, public programs, and service opportunities. 169.09 COMPLAINTS/ PROCEDURES; ENFORCEMENT AND JUDICIAL REVIEW. The Commission has the ability to inform within a ten (10) day period any individual claiming to be aggrieved by an alleged unlawful discriminatory practice under West Virginia Human Rights Act 5-11-9 that the Commission will not accept formal complaints of illegal practices but will forward the allegations to the State of West Virginia. Thereafter, any individual claiming to be so aggrieved shall be referred to the West Virginia Human Rights Commission for investigation and adjudication of the complaint. For purposes of conference and conciliation concerning discriminatory practices, investigations, hearings procedures and orders, should the Commission wish to retain the complaint, the Commission shall follow the procedure contained within West Virginia Code ‘ 5-11-10, incorporated and modified herein as follows: Any. The Commission upon its own initiative through the Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson shall appoint a Commissioner to oversee and direct the complaint process and shall, in like manner, make, sign and file such complaint. Any employer, whose employees, or some of them, hinder or threatened a written, verified complaint, or whenever there is reason to believe that an unlawful discriminatory practice has been committed, the Commission and the assigned Commissioner designated by the Commission to oversee and direct the complaint process shall, within twenty (30) days, complete a prompt investigation in connection therewith and make a written determination. If it shall be determined after such investigation that no probable cause exists for substantiating the allegations of the complaint, the Commission, by and through the designated Commissioner, shall, within ten (10) days from such determination, cause to be issued and served upon the complainant written notice of such determination, and the said complainant or his attorney may, within ten (10) days after such service, file with the Commission a written request for a meeting with the Commission to show probable cause for substantiating the allegations of the complaint. The meeting shall be held within ten (10) days of receipt of the request. The designated Commissioner shall be responsible for all notices and arrangements to be made for such meetings. If it shall be determined after such investigation or meeting that probable cause exists for substantiating the allegations of the complaint, the Commission, by and through the designated Commissioner, shall immediately endeavor to eliminate the unlawful discriminatory practices complained of by conference, conciliation and persuasion. The members of the Commission shall, within ten (10) days after such investigation or meeting, not disclose what has transpired in the course of such endeavors: Provided, That the Commission may publish the facts in the case of any complaint which has been dismissed and the terms of conciliation when the complaint has been adjusted, without disclosing the identity of the parties involved to the extent allowed by law. Except as provided in this Article, all of the pertinent provisions of West Virginia Code Article 29A-5 shall apply to and govern the hearing and the administrative procedures in connection with and following such hearing, with like effect as if the provisions of such Article 29A-5 were set forth in extensor in this section. The following alternative remedies are available, which may not be all inclusive, in case of failure to eliminate through conciliation and conference such discriminatory practice or in advance thereof, if in the judgment of the Commission circumstances so warrant, the following alternative remedies are available, which may not be all inclusive, the Commission may: 1) Cause the complaint file to be immediately sent to the State of West Virginia Human Rights Commission to be processed in accord with West Virginia Code ‘ 5-11-10. The deadline for response by the Commission to verified complaints as contained in this Section are necessary so that prompt evaluation can be made as to whether the matter will be retained by the City Commission for purposes of conciliation and if such process fails, the matter can be sent to the West Virginia State Human Rights Commission for further action in a timely manner. Deadlines for responses to verified complaints may only be extended with good cause shown and cannot be extended for any period other than an additional ten (10) days. Parties may only request one (1) extension of any applicable deadline. Deadline extensions are inapplicable to the mandatory three hundred and sixty five (365) day filing requirement wherein the act of alleged discrimination occurred; 2) If after such attempt at conciliation, mediation and persuasion process has concluded and consideration of all of the information comprising the record in the case, the Commission finds that a respondent has engaged in or is engaging in any unlawful discriminatory practice as defined in this Article, and there remains a failure to eliminate the discrimination , the Commission may issue and cause to be served on such respondent an order to cease and desist from such unlawful discriminatory practice and to take such affirmative action as the Commission deems appropriate. Such order shall be accompanied by findings of fact and conclusions drawn by the Commission citing appropriate sections of this Article. In the event any person fails to obey a lawful cease and desist order of the Commission, the Commission may seek an order of a court of competent jurisdiction for its enforcement in a proceeding as provided in this section. Such proceeding shall be initiated by the filing of a petition in such court, together with the entire record of the proceedings before the Commission. Notice of the filing of such petition, together with a copy thereof, shall be served upon the respondent in the manner provided by law for the service of summons in civil actions. The court may grant such temporary relief or restraining order as it deems just and proper and shall make and enter upon the pleadings, testimony and proceedings set forth in such transcript an order enforcing, modifying and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part the order of the Commission. All such proceedings shall be heard and determined by the court. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the filing of a private cause of action at any time. Judicial review of a final decision of the Commission shall be by a certiorari as set forth in West Virginia Code ‘ 53-3-1 through 53-3-6, or in such other manner as may be allowed under the laws of the State. 169.10 CONFLICTS OF LAW In the event of a conflict between the interpretation of a provision of West Virginia Article ‘ 5-11 et seq. and the interpretation of a similar provision contained in any part of this municipal ordinance, the interpretation of the provision in West Virginia Code shall apply to this municipal ordinance. Until such time as the legislation of the State provides equal or broader protections for the classifications of veteran status, sexual orientation or gender identity, the provisions contained herein control such application of this Ordinance to such classifications. Section 2. This Ordinance shall be effective from and after the date of its passage after review and consultation with the West Virginia Human Rights Commission and the City of Wheeling Legal Department. By the Justin December 21, 2016 How can something serious like this not be put to a public city-wide vote instead of just city council? That so doesnt seem right in the sense of bending over backwards and submitting to a very miniscule population. Does not seem right at all. Log in to Reply Gary December 20, 2016 Because of my small penis I have been discriminated against by women and the occasional gay gentleman. Log in to Reply Leave a Reply Cancel ReplyYou must be logged in to post a comment.
+After of details have now emerged from The Pokémon Company's president.
+Speaking with Japanese magazine Famitsu, Tsunekazu Ishihara has discussed all of the Pokémon games that came about from last week's announcement, including next year's RPG. Kindly shared by Japanese Nintendo, the first of these details confirm the news we've already been told - it will be releasing in the second half of 2019, and is an entirely new work (essentially meaning that it will not be a remake of previous games).
+Things start to get a little more exciting, however, as Ishihara also mentions that the game should please long-time players of the series (presumably suggesting that this will be the core experience that diehard fans are craving), and that it will include many new Pokémon. While it seemed rather likely already, this should absolutely confirm the fact that this will be the start of 'Generation Eight'.
+One final point to mention is the promise of improved image quality. With the series moving from the 3DS to the HD display of the Switch, you would hope for at least some level of improvement, but maybe this hints at a higher level of graphical loveliness than the bare minimum required. Could we see the 2019 game(s) take on a higher image quality than the Let's Go games arriving later this year? Perhaps.
+As always, we now have no choice but to play the waiting game to see the final result. Things do seem promising, though, and we'll keep an eye out for any further information.
+Are you looking forward to the 2019 game(s)? Let us know what you hope from them in the comments below.
+[via japanesenintendo.com]
+Great!
+Can the complaining about Let's Go Pikachu/Eevee now please stop?!
+better graphics = same engine as Lets go
+@DandaraLHH Yes please tis so annoying
+Confirm a larger and more open over world and more content and then I’ll be on board.
+I just want a more open-world style map honestly. But either way I'm super hyped for all these new Pokémon games coming out.
+Please be open-world! Please be open-world!
+Confirm 75% less cutscenes than SM/USUM and I'll be happy.
+I predict same old formula but with new forgetable Pokemon... And better graphics but same old square world or limited camera.
+Personally, I am just glad we are getting gen 8 and while there are plenty of ideas and changes I'd like to see, I am just gonna content myself with the confirmation that we are getting such a game, and I will try out Let's Go when it comes out, in the mean time.
+Frankly I get very annoyed with all the complaints and arguments spawned whenever talk of new Pokemon games is dominating the internet. Everyone and their mom, brother, and 3rd cousin has their own ideas and opinions about what they want from the series...
+Please can we have a small teaser trailer next week
+@shaneoh That's one I can get behind. Leave the open world nonsense for other franchises.
+Hoping they will ditch the grid-based world once and for all. They started this right in Sun and Moon.
+An open world with some limitations would be nice. And by limitations I mean like the player would need a certain skill or pokemon to get past. Or just simply that some areas would have Pokemon way too high level to enter at first. I also would like to have a camera that the player could rotate freely, but the game should still be third person view not first person. I don't care that much about the new pokemon-hype. I mean if the new ones are memorable and the game doesn't include every single pokemon from previous gens, then it's cool. But I wouldn't like to get anxious over catching all the 900-1000 monsters the game would have.
+Please....
+1. HD Open World
+2. More Action commands such as Jump, Rolling, Waving, Whistling, etc.
+3. Rideable Big Pokemons.
+4. More Mini games with Rhythm game inside.
+5. Clothing for Both Trainer and Pokemons.
+6. Day & Night System + Weather + Seasons changes.
+7. No more limitation for Pokemon's ability.
+8. 3 vs 3 Battle, some Pokemons have supportive abilities to buff the ally or All target attacks. Digimon & Zettai Onkan Otoda Master NDS used that Battle system.
+9. Trivial, a Mini game like Kurikin Nano Island Story NDS (Bacteria vs Bacteria)
+10. Customable trainers looking and voices.
+Announcements like these make everything ok.
+Yes I am unless they decide to lock trading behind a paywall like they are doing for Let’s Go games
+@Anti-Matter
+1. HD already confirmed, it is on Switch I don't want a full on open world, just more open to the previous games.
+2. Rolling? Whatever for?
+3. Rideable Big Pokemon are in Lets Go! But I do want to ride a Wailord though
+4. I don't want them to waste time on minigames because it will take away from the core focus of the game.
+5. Clothing for Pokemon would take FOREVER to develop. Maybe for just a set few
+6. I HATED day/night cycles in gen 2. I literally only got to play at night when I was a kid, so guess which of those two eeveelutions I liked better.
+7. No more limitation for Pokemon's ability... this is a terrible idea. Think slaking with Wonder Guard. That thing would be legendary status.
+8. 3 vs 3 Battle. Yes please
+9. See #4
+10. Customization on trainers looks are fine. No on the voice, I don't want my avatar talking.
+The hype train has no breaks, and Nintendo is the conductor.
+I started with Red version on that giant brick that was the original gameboy. I obsessively played Gold version, and by the time I got Crystal I was playing competively, breeding for perfect IVs, and had a fully completed pokedex.
+Once I found out that the GBA series wouldn't let me transfer all my perfect IV teams over that I spent countless hours on, I threw in the towel and vowed to not get tangled up in this series ever again.
+Then decades later, Pokemon Go came out and I gave in to temptation. It's definitely more of a fun phone app than a pokemon game, so it wasn't really cheating. My girlfriend has never touched a pokemon game outside of Go, but it looks like we'll both be diving in to the Lets Go Pikachu/Eevee games on the Switch.
+Depending on how Gen 8 looks, I'm more than likely going to be getting back into the series, since there will most likely be interconnectivity with the Go series in some form or another, and I won't be starting from scratch.
+So, I'm one of those lapsed players they were trying to get back, and my girlfriend is one of those players new to the series altogether. We are living proof that their marketing strategy is effective as hell, and a genius move.
+Even if you're upset with the direction of the Let's Go games on the Switch, I guarantee it's strengthening the series more than you may realize.
+I can't help but be a little sad that this is the end for portable Pocket Monsters on the pocketable 3DS, the Switch isn't exactly pocket sized. :-/ Maybe the franchise will have to be rebranded Bagmon.
+I'll be happy with these things and as long as you actually battle pokemon, if they bring the Go catching mechanics with no battling to the new gen game I might be done with the series. That's my biggest thing I don't like about the Let's Go games is I'm pretty sure that is going to really make the game much shorter, and additionally going to get repetitive and boring even more so than grinding xp that some complain about.
+It better have better graphics, the two holdover games are 99% reused assets from gen 6 and 7.
+Cya
+Raziel-chan
+With the news of Let's go needing a sub to trade and battle I'm assuming that's going to be the case here. For that they would need to do a LOT to the single player game to convince me to get it.
+I live in a rural area so I'm never going to find another person with the game, and I'm sure not paying a scam subscription for that. So I effectively have to be convinced to buy a pokemon game without trading or battling. That's going to take some convincing.
+Sorts of Pokémon there should be included that haven’t been used before:
+*Dolphins
+*Hammerhead Sharks
+*Roaches
+*Mosquitoes
+*Fleas
+*Moose
+*Llamas/Alpacas
+*Red Pandas
+*Platypuses
+*Flamingoes
+*Peacocks/Peahens
+*Humming Birds
+*Puffins
+*Komodo Dragons
+*Iguanas
+*Anacondas
+*Dimetrodons
+*Stegosauruses
+*Velociraptors
+*Ankylosauruses
+Not to mention that when it comes to introducing Sound Types, Pokemon based off Instruments should be introduced, and when it comes to introducing Cosmic Types, Pokemon based off Infamous Aliens should be introduced
+If this hasn’t been abandoned Gen VIII should have more further Evolutions and pre-Evolutions to existing Pokemon. For instance a pre-Evolution that can put Pokémon with Counterparts into the same evolutionary line, and an evolution for Male Combee and Male Salandit.
+Let’s not forget MORE MEGA EVOLUTIONS THAT DON’T HAVE IT ALREADY. Would be swell in Sinnoh Remakes if there was a way to toughen up the Fully Evolved Starters, like we did with the Fully Evolved Starters in the Hoenn Remakes.
+@CuriousUserX90 The following Pokémon Types have not yet been used with Starter Pokémon as their Secondary Types to date:
+*Rock
+*Electric
+*Bug
+*Normal
+*Ice
+Technically though Dragon has been used with Mega Evolutions. For whatever Water Starter they go with it should be based off a mammal that does not live in the sea like a Hippo, a Beaver, a Platypus, or a Polar Bear.
+Plus let’s think of how this list could decrease come the next Gen:
+What I would like to see a huge improvement on in the next generation of Pokemon games is a more fluid and engaging world.
+I feel like all the NPCs are placed in the game to serve the player, to give hints and talk endlessly about Pokemon tactics. It would be great to see real characterization, real stories and NPCs that are doing 'something' even if the player isn't present.
+About 4 - 5 hours into any Pokemon game I simply stop going into houses, stop speaking to NPCs and stop interacting with the world because it's really actually very shallow & boring.
+@Silkyinsect_UK I would love to see npcs with actual lives. Would make the world much more lively.
+I hope it looks better. Let's Go looks like an upscaled version of XY/ORAS with better textures. I hope the next one looks like Sun Moon but lets you control at least the camera (and make the world more connected, Sun Moon had a lot of loading zones).
+@Silkyinsect_UK They actually did something like that in USUM. A dude outside from a resort is sad because he wants to work in a better resort but he feels like that would be rude to his boss, which gave him an opportunity to work there. If you talk to his boss he tells you to show him a magmar I believe. It is quite simple but I was impressed that that was in the game. Hopefully we'll get more in the next game.
+@Devlind Cool, I didn't play US/UM. It would be great to see that sort of thing with all the NPCs in the new game!
+@Silkyinsect_UK USUM is pretty awful so you dodged a bullet there.
+Lol people really want Breath of the Wild style for this game
+This doesn't really tell us anything that we didn't already know/guess. It's still nice to have confirmation about gen 8 at any rate.
+Please no open world. I'd be fine with a sandbox but Pokemon doesn't need that. I want at least 100 new Pokemon and unique cities and dungeons with a Black and White level of depth to the story. It doesn't have to be world ending stuff but more complex and make you question the Pokemon society. It would have to be appropriate for children of course but give me that and I'm a happy fan.
+I like that they put special emphasis on 'many new pokemon' which I really hope is a sign that the gen 8 games will introduce over 100 new pokemon again. Even though I really liked gen 6 & 7, one thing that always really disappointed me was that both gens introduced a really small amount of new pokemon so with the extra power of the Switch and (hopefully) more creative fuel, GameFreak can easily make up a plethora of new Pokemon for the new games (e.g. anything 120+ is perfectly fine with me).
+Also, another thing I really hope they DON'T do is introduce a crap ton of legendary pokemon like they did in Gen 4 and Gen 7 just to pad out the pokedex and make it seem bigger than it actually is. Legendaries are cool, don't get me wrong, but I kinda feel like they lose their value if the game just crams a bunch of new legendaries down your throat. Out of all the gens, I feel like Gen 3 did the legendary roster the best; got your two cover legendaries, the 'other' cover legendary, the small cute one, the extremely mysterious one that no one knew existed at first and a couple of smaller legendaries that while not integral to the plot still exist to give the game life.
+Nintendo and Pokemon Company still trying to band-aid the negative reaction from the Let's Go reveal I see.
+I can't be excited for a new Pokemon game, until they do something new and fresh with the series. Pokken was a step in the right direction, IMO, giving you control of the Pokemon for the battle. However, all the "main/core" games have virtually been the same. Pokemon needs a "Mario Odyssey" or "Breath of the Wild".
+I'm still hoping for the time when Pokemon can have more than four moves to choose from, at least for the story mode. Four moves just doesn't seem to be enough.
+@wazlon to be fair, four moves not being enough is sort of the point. It forces you to make decisions. You have to decide what's really important to have.
+Hate to break it to you, but if it stays named "Stars" It's just gonna simply be the third game in Gen7. Just maybe with new mythics like the one that's been floating around recently. And even then this is a bad move on GameFreak/TPCI's part. I fully expect a 3DS port too, otherwise they're screwing over a good chunk of their base that has been through the entire handheld run of over 20 years (And no, I do not consider the Switch to be a handheld. I consider it to be purely console.)
+We still haven't seen all possible type combinations. And there's so much more they could do for new pokemon. I really hope we go over the 1000 mark of pokemon in Gen 8 because at this point, I think it's a must. Only about 100 are usable at all in competitive play so we definitely need more unique pokemon and type combinations injected into the mix.
+Doesn't Pokemon Let's go games features a whole new graphic engine? I doubt we will see a new one on the GEN 8 games. Graphics looks pretty good for me.
+BTW Pokemon on 3DS was pretty impressive graphical wise. What hold it back like most 3ds games was terrible resolution, blur and screen quality
+I want the typical battle system of mainline Pokémon. I love the visuals we’ve seen for Let’s Go Pikachu/Eevee. I wouldn’t say no to an open world like Breath of the Wild, even if they had to still keep battles as random encounters. But if they could add a Pokémon snap mini game in different parts of the map, I’d be ecstatic!
+@DrakeFeathers It's smart to only release it on Switch. It will force people to buy it if they want to play Pokémon.
+@DrakeFeathers hate to break it to you, but the switch is a handheld. Regardless of if you consider it to be purely a console, it's still a handheld as well. That's why you have the three modes, one of which is officially called "handheld"
+So no, they won't be screwing over the fanbase that has been with them on handheld for 20+ years, because if they choose to, it can still be played entirely as a handheld experience. They just have to buy a switch if they want to continue the journey, in the same way that Gen 1 & 2 players had to buy a GBA for gen 3, then a DS for gens 4 & 5, and a 3DS for gens 6 & 7.
+Can we please END blind random encounters! Swatting away the same 'mon over and over waiting for a chance at an elusive Pokémon is just tedious. Having a living, viewable ecosystem would make a huge difference!
+It would be great to have more specific triggers to encounter different wild Pokémon.
+@MH4 This isn't just a hype train. It's a hype rocketship, blasting into the stratosphere and making a landing at E3!
+@BlueBlur101 Awe yeah!
+It's a hype interdimensional vortex that's suckin up all our money
+It will build on the engine of Let's Go.
+@MH4 I'm literally looking at my wallet lying on the bed dying in the hospital, and it's so satisfying! (for some reason)
+@BlueBlur101 I salute all wallets and budgets out there who sacrificed themselves for the greater good of all of us.
+Thank you.
+I'm not used to this short of a wait between Smash announcement, and Smash gameplay reveal. 4 DAYS!
+Tap here to load 54 comments
+Hold on there, you need to login to post a comment...
+Like everybody else in this industry, when I first write a program, it's full of bugs. It doesn't do what I want it to. It doesn't do what the customer is willing to pay me for it to do. Until that program does what I want, it's worthless. Fixing the problems is called "debugging" and most of what we programmers do is debugging. It doesn't much matter how much fun the program is having, nor what it thinks about me or its computer, all that matters is that it does the job I programmed it for.
+In grad school I learned a very interesting fact: the human DNA is a
+computer program, coded in binary bits just like my programs, only a lot
+bigger and more complicated. Who is the Programmer? What purpose am I programmed
+for? That's an interesting question, and I think it has a logical and interesting
+answer.
+Mathematics is a part of logic. I majored in math as an undergrad, and one of the courses math majors were required to take was symbolic logic. The course was taught in the philosophy department, and it was also required for philosophy majors. The class was half math majors, and half philosophy majors. The math students got all A's and the philosophy students got all C's. I thought it humorous at the time.
+All of math is the manipulation of formulas by a fixed set of logical
+rules. You start with a small set of (unproved) axioms, and everything
+else is proved from them by logic. Some people believe that everything
+in life can work that way, except they often have hidden axioms in their
+formulas. Here I try to do a little bit of the same thing, but without
+hidden axioms. Let me know if I succeed (or fail).
+2. There is a real world out there. I didn't invent it nor imagine it. What I want to happen mostly doesn't happen unless I take an active role in moving the molecules of that physical world around to make it happen -- and sometimes it still doesn't happen. This is again an axiom: I cannot prove that I did not imagine my own surprise at finding what I did not want nor expect, but again that is not very interesting. So I assume without proof that there is a physical universe out there that is separate from me, and I am subject to its laws and rules, not the other way around. A part of this axiom (with #1 above) is that my senses are mostly reliable in reporting what is out there in my immediate vicinity.
+We can go a long way on these two axioms. Logic and math derive entirely from axiom #1. Science adds the inferences that derive from observing the physical universe, axiom #2, and logically deducing natural laws from it. There is no logical reason that there should be regular natural laws, but there they are. That is itself an interesting observation, which I will come back to.
+Other people exist, and are similarly capable of rational thought. This
+is a direct consequence of applying axioms #1 and #2 to what I see out
+there. Some of those people are smarter than I am (that is, they make fewer
+logical mistakes, or can correctly infer things I cannot get to, or something
+like that), and a lot of those people are smarter than they act most of
+the time. I sometimes (perhaps more often than I care to admit) do dumb
+things too, so at least I can infer by analogy what might be going on inside
+their heads. It mostly works, except for documented personality differences.
+Science has come a long way in the last 500 years. The invention of the two-lens telescope/microscope opened up whole new vistas of knowledge about our world and the cosmos surrounding it. With a long-focus lens (or mirror) at one end and a short-focus lens at the other end, the telescope helped us understand classical mechanics unified by a single law of gravity. With two short-focus lenses, the microscope led to the discovery of microbes, which in turn made modern medicine possible. The discovery of DNA and subsequent genetic engineering has exciting (and more than a little scary) implications, because we are now the hackers in somebody else's computer program (see Copyright in the Notes).
+Electronics, particularly the invention of the transistor, made modern computers possible, and we have a whole science devoted to studying the implications of information and computability. I have a degree in that science. Quantum physics is now going places where logic misbehaves. I'm not so sure I want to believe all they are coming up with, but nobody has a better explanation. Yet.
+The most profound scientific discovery, at least with respect to this present discussion, happened slowly. It is entropy, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and we still aren't really clear about all of its implications. The November 1987 Scientific American had a very good article discussing all the different ways people thought they could beat the 2nd Law, and why those ideas don't work. In my first year of grad school, I took a course on the mathematical foundations of computer science, and we learned about the Shannon Switching Theorem, which essentially established how information obeys the same mathematics as energy. This means that the 1st and 2nd Laws work in the information domain in much the same way they do in the energy domain. You don't see this in textbooks, and you don't see research like that reported in the Nov.87 SciAm article following this up. I think I know why (see Entropy in the Notes). The DNA has a Programmer.
+Cosmology, combining observations of the physical universe with mathematical
+calculations, has come down conclusively on the side of entropy: the universe
+had a beginning, and it's winding irreversibly down. Besides (or maybe
+because of) that, the laws of physics don't work at T=0, the instant of
+the Big Bang. Something outside the system got it started. As unpalatable
+as this may be, this conclusion is consistent with the Goedel Incompleteness
+Theorem, and the Shannon theorem extends that to the information domain.
+The cosmos is not all there is or was; we are forced by axioms #1 and #2
+and the facts of physics to acknowledge some kind of supra-natural, something
+outside the system. This brings us to axiom #3.
+Naturalism takes the opposing axiom here, that there is no god, or if there is (after all, we have no other explanation for the Big Bang, and if we think about it clearly enough, for the DNA), then at least there is no contact between that god or gods and the people in this universe. That is still axiomatic, we cannot prove one or the other, but the naturalistic axiom (let's call it Axiom 3x) runs into logical problems (see Atheism).
+Once you acknowledge that God (or gods) might want to communicate with us, you have a moral obligation to investigate any credible claims pointing to such communication. There are a number of candidates, but most of them founder on lack of self-consistency or consistency with the facts of the universe as we presently understand them. The eastern religious traditions don't fit the laws of physics: their world is eternal and violates entropy. Christianity and Judaism (and to a lesser degree, Islam) have a creation story in Genesis that has some recognizable problems, but not as many as its detractors claim, and certainly not as many problems as there are facing naturalistic cosmologists and biologists with their own creation story. But all of these problems with origins are relatively unimportant.
+If there is a God who wants to communicate with His creation, how could He reliably do that? That turns out to be harder than it looks. If God just forced Himself on us, so that we could not ignore it the way we can choose to ignore each other, would that not make us less than human? How can He allow us to think our own thoughts, and choose to communicate back (or not)?
+It makes the most sense if God uses our normal means of communication (spoken or written words in natural language) to speak to us. If they are nothing but thoughts in our heads, how do we know they aren't our own thoughts masquerading as God? Sounds in the air, several people can hear them. Words on a page, anybody can read them. But where do these sounds and words come from?
+God must violate the laws of physics to communicate, and there must be laws of physics to violate, so that we can know it was God who did it. If there is no violation of entropy or other physical laws, then there is no communication, only the events of nature. Maybe there is a message in that, but not much. If nature is not driven by natural laws, then how can you tell if they are violated? If everything is random, then nothing is intentional. Communication is necessarily intentional. That was Shannon's point.
+But there are laws of physics, as we observed earlier. And one document
+collection explicitly claims an occasional violation of those laws. I include
+in this document collection the Jewish Tenach and the Christian Bible,
+with the possible addition of the Muslim Qur'an (see Islam)
+and the Book of Mormon (see Moroni) and
+assorted other church documents, all of which implicitly or explicitly
+affirm the first two. Are there any other candidates? I know of none.
+Considering now the most significant claims for miracles in recorded
+history, we see them clustered around two brief periods of time (validating
+respectively the founders of Judaism and Christianity), with a very few
+others scattered about elsewhen. I will focus on the second cluster, those
+surrounding the life and death of Jesus Christ, with particular emphasis
+on the single resurrection miracle. I approach this report with all the
+skepticism due any treatment of miracle, but without slipping into the
+atheistic Axiom 3x which insists that miracles don't (for they cannot)
+happen.
+Are the eyewitness accounts forged? Let's consider that alternative. First you have to show who would pull off such a hoax, and why. Then you would have to show evidence to the contrary. This part is easy to deal with: there is none -- other than Axiom 3x. If there was an historical Jesus who was crucified, it should have been easy enough to produce his dead bones. Nobody has ever done so.
+Who would want to fabricate a resurrection hoax, and why? Certainly not the power structure of the church, for there was no church with any kind of power structure for several centuries after the fact, long after copies of the eyewitness documents were spread all over the civilized world and translated into many languages, making it impossible to completely eradicate the unaltered versions. What about those original eyewitnesses? They were a ragtag bunch of fishermen and other mostly middle-class people (more than 500 of them by one report) whose lives were on the line for their outrageous claims. Any one of them could have saved his own skin by denying that it happened as reported, yet none of them ever did, and most of them were executed or tortured for this claim. This is not the way people behave in real life.
+Even more significantly -- and I have not seen this argument anywhere else -- the Christian church teaches a message of absolute Truth. How is any body of people going to pull off a hoax of this size with a straight face? At what point do they tell everybody that the eyewitnesses (or their written records, which everybody has a copy of) were untrue and the new "truth" is this different story? They would be laughed out of court! There is a modern analog in Joseph Smith's story about the Book of Mormon, but -- this is an important distinction -- there were no contemporary eyewitnesses to the violation of any physical laws (see Moroni). The Mormon church has done an excellent job of suppressing the evidence of changes in their foundational texts, but extant early copies still remain. They did much of their work in isolation (in Utah), but the first-generation Christians were scattered all over the civilized world, carrying their story with them.
+Recent archeological findings continue to turn up ever earlier copies
+of the Christian texts, and ever more corroborating details, but never
+any evidence of any hoax. The only differences (even in the early translations
+into Coptic, Syriac, and other languages) are minor transcription errors.
+One thing is clear: God has standards of behavior for people, and we
+have a moral obligation to follow them. Unlike some of his alleged followers,
+God is less interested in past mistakes than in getting it right from now
+on. There is such a thing as justice (it's a moral absolute), but God took
+care of that on the Cross. Karma is cancelled for those who accept the
+path of Life. It's more complicated than that, but not by much. Don't take
+my word for it, read it yourself (see below).
+It's easy to show that there are such things as moral absolutes. Just ask yourself, "When do you want to be lied to?" Not when do you want to tell a lie, because you have a conflict of interest in that question, but rather, when is it acceptable for another person to deliberately tell you what is not true? Never. There may be good reason to tell you nothing, like when knowing military secrets would put your life in danger, but even if you are dying in the hospital, even if you don't want to believe it, you still want to know the truth. That's the same for everybody. Truth is a moral Absolute. When do you want to be treated unjustly? Never. Justice is a moral absolute. When is it OK for somebody to refuse to give you a second chance, so you can try again and get it right? Mercy is a moral absolute.
+When has any one of us been absolutely honest, absolutely just in giving everybody their due (even if it costs us something), absolutely merciful in letting another person off the hook when they want to make it right? "None of us is perfect," we glibly say, as if that makes it OK. It doesn't make it OK. People get hurt. Don't do that. Never. But if you screw up, God has made provision for it, on the cross. God is merciful. Accept that Jesus paid the penalty, then as Jesus said, "Go and sin no more." You can do it, but only with God's help, doing it God's way. This is the Christian message.
+People don't like moral absolutes. We want wiggle room. We want to be able to do things that we don't have to account for. That's where Axiom 3x comes in: If there is no God to answer to, then there are no absolutes. But we cannot live that way. Nobody can. What most of us really wind up doing is wanting other people to live up to God's moral absolutes, but not have to do so ourselves. It's a lie.
+The alternative is destruction. A just God cannot allow us to continue
+doing bad things to each other, so the misfits must be removed. I don't
+quite understand why (it probably has something to do with justice, one
+of those moral absolutes), but apparently the process is painful. Don't
+go there.
+If you made a decision today, I would like to hear about it. If you decided I'm wrong, I would like to correct my mistakes. If you want to start doing things right, there are resources among all the religious noise out there to help you do that. Because there is such a thing as Absolute Truth, it's not my opinion that matters, but only the Real Truth. Read that. It's called the Bible. There are a lot of translations, all of them pretty accurate, so get something modern that you can understand. Start with the Life of Jesus, in the New Testament. I will be happy to answer honest questions.
+Tom Pittman
+[See bio page for email address]
+Rev. 00 Dec.20
+Browse the top-ranked list of Tv Contrast below along with associated reviews and opinions.
+Nice tv...nice tv....Contrast and brightness are excellent....Best TV I have owned hands down I can not even put into words how amazing this TV is from going to a 2009 Sony Bravia to a Samsung I am astonished the only other TV that comes close to this is the LG Oled so if ur teeter tottering then just do it trust me you will not regret the purchase!...This guy Lawrence was really a professional on all aspects, and he really measure and be sure that is working right, even though we waited for so long to schedule to fixed it, it is worth it... So if you will ask me what rate I will give Lawrence, if there is a 100 I will give it to him, really perfect job....picture is glorious, with enhanced color, and eazy installation.also so lightweight.not heavy and bulky like my last tv.super thin and eazy to place and set up, altho you will need 2 people.but what is also great is the sound system.I watch older films and hear things I never heard before.and no motion blur of any kind.this tv is worth every penny.buy and enjoy..
+Fine TV...Good buy....Colors are vibrant and the contrast is excellent....I know it sounds silly thinking about how good a black can look on a TV but not having to deal with any type of light bleeding on the sides or bottom or the clouding effect from LED makes the viewing experience that much better....Standard blu rays look excellent with the exception that they can still sometimes show the moving edge artifact issue mentioned, but there are no issues with slower moving images from standard blu rays....An F1 car will not brake until the brakes heat up and will not steer until there is enough airflow to make the aerodynamics work, but once it gets up to the speed where it is designed to operate, it is mind blowing.
+Watch stunning, dynamic video on this LG smart TV. Enjoy deeper blacks and rich, vibrant colors from various viewing angles to let everyone experience a more lifelike image. The user interface lets you connect your mobile device with this LG smart TV to control your television right from your phone and access your favorite streaming services.
+A fine TV...Nice TV....Impressive color and contrast .....but .......For those that are tech savvy, you know your biggest challenge when it comes to TVs and all of your peripherals, is to be able to have those non tech savvy users in your house be able to control all of your devices WITH ONE REMOTE!.. single cable from the tv to a external box with multiple ports is a nice feature, but the lack of Analog input and outputs means replacing or upgrading or converting existing connecting equipment or doing away with it all together.
+Samsung UN60KS8000FXZA 4K Ultra HD TV:Play video games or.
+Love it....awsome tv...Awesome contrast and vivid colors!...Right now, I am not seeing any reason to do extensive calibration of the TV (I use Standard for TV, and Home Cinema for any movies (only had to reduce color saturation a little, and play with the brightness level a bit, and turned off Vivid Color in standard mode (does not seem to oversaturate in Home Cinema mode)... is the only knock on edge lit LED screens like this one and Sony found a way to master it with the slim backlight drive where you will get brightness that is greatly better than the OLED and black levels that come very close (but with more detail)..
+Good deal...Great !...I love Sony tv's real color and contrast....Just by spending $50 extra (I bought XBR43X830C for $700 and XBR43X00D for $750) I got great picture quality, latest android version (6.0.1), faster boot and user experience with HDR capabilities....I looked at 4k tvs for over a month till I finally made my decision this TV has great picture and the motion flow makes watching and playing games amazing.For the price it is a great deal for all the options and upgrades this TV has very happy with my purchase...I liked the "smart" features of the Samsung, including the arrangement of the user interface, a bit better on the Samsung than on the Sony, it was a tad more intuitive (although the features were similar)..
+Nice TV....Love it....My new TV has excellent color and contrast.......I tried an lg 65 uh8500, a samsung 8000 series, and none of those tvs come close to this bad boy, this tv is so awesome you have to buy it, sonys model is let your eyes be the judge by far this blows any lg, samsung when it comes to gameing the color is sooooo rich its unreal, another plus is the settings preety much you can edit ANYTHING....-Super thin bezel -Easy to wall mount with included screws -Most of the inputs are side facing (See bad points below as all are not side facing!) However with the good there are some bad aspects, some of which where just too great to overcome and resulted in my returning the TV and exchanging it for the Samsung KS8000, which so far has more than overcome the negatives of the Sony..
+Fine TV...Not bad...Vivid colors and good contrast....Purchased this TV for my sons room and could not be happier with the overall quality of the general appearance of the TV itself as well as the picture... This smart TV does so much, I will be replacing the rest of my TVs with this option soon......I have not had a chance to try out the SmartHub functions just yet, but if they are anything like the rest of the TV's interface, I am confident that the experience of using the apps on the TV will be just as pleasant as the rest of my experience has been....I had a 32-inch Sony LED HDTV with 720p resolution that I loved and Id had it for nearly nine years when, suddenly, the display developed a thin but noticeable vertical black line that divided the picture into nearly even halves..
+Great Pic...Great TV....The color and contrast and clarity are astounding....Although the picture quality is outstanding (with a few tweaks), especially with live sports, streaming of HDR/Dolby Vision is pretty limited at this point, and that is the real reason I decided to finally take the plunge on OLED....Note to would-be buyers: There are a TON of settings you can use to configure the display, but in general, your best bet is to leave off a lot of the "enhancements."...Based on my research, I determined that the best television for me was either the top of the line Samsung (which is very bright with a crisp picture) or the LG OLED.
+Explore a wide range of apps on your LG UHD 4K smart OLED TV. It has a user interface that lets you connect your mobile devices and enjoy watching shows from a variety of streaming services. This LG UHD 4K smart OLED TV has more than eight million pixels that deliver four times the resolution for an Ultra HD experience.
+Best TV...Love it!...The tv has outstanding color and contrast....This tv ispretty good I loved it real great picture the only thing I didnt like is the youtube app doesnt work because samsung and google I think there contract expired and they havent come to an agreement or something like that but yea the app doesnt work on this tv just so u no and it sucks because u cant even delete it it already comes installed on tv but other than that this tv is awesome...My Samsung 55 inch TV is the perfect size for my family room.High definition content look good on this1080 P HD display.One of the best features about this TV is having the smarthub features which allows you to go directly into Netflix, YouTube and etc.I am loving the experience of my Samsung 55 inch TV....(A Samsung TV with Anynet+ will control the soundbar from the TV remote -- ultimately I moved the soundbar to another Samsung TV where it worked just fine.) This lack makes it difficult to use this TV with a surround sound system, or even with a soundbar from the same manufacturer, unless you are happy using multiple remotes or you are willing to program a universal remote to work with the various components of your system..
+Awesome TV...Great tv....Great contrast, but needs professional calibration...Especially love the fact that instantly upon firing-up the Boze QC-35 bluetooth headphones (or any of our bluetooth headphones actually), the LG recognizes them by name, pops-up a confirmation and I am connected to a mind-blowing personal theater set-up with a click of the remote....It is worth noting that the screen has a glossy finish, so this might not be the best television for a room with a lot of direct light from windows, but overall it is the best picture I have ever seen on a home television....Conventional wisdom pundits suggested there is not enough HDR 4K content to justify purchasing this relatively expensive TV, but the blacks are awesome, definition is excellent even on upscaled content.
+Experience stunning pictures and vivid colors on this 65-inch LG OLED 4K smart TV with HDR. Since the pixels can be individually controlled, the blacks appear deeper and the colors more vibrant. This LG OLED 4K smart TV uses webOS 3.0 to let you easily connect to streaming services and mobile apps.
+Nice !!...Good tv....Color and contrast is very bright and clear...He has not had issues with his, mine has annoying little things go on with it, it will randomly change from tv to 'home" where all the apps are, trying to find bluetooth headphones is a nightmare as Sony makes it difficult, and they are a tech company....This tv is my dream tv,I was waiting for the right time to buy at a decent price,the 4k quality is amazing,great sound with my home theater,I enjoy all my music,movies and regular tv shows all the time.The android feauture allows you to download so many apps,is a huge amazing world to explore,I strongly recommend this 3 year consecutive tv winner to anyone.Luv it!!!!!...The down side was that Sony's instructions, and on line Help were not very good, so we struggled through it, and have finally come to a good working relation with the TV, although we can surely upgrade our skills with it as time goes on..
+The Best...4K WOW...Love the color contrast....It is not a perfect TV, but pretty darn great and at the current price, I think it is a steal Once again ...kudos to Magnolia/Best Buy in Gilroy, CA for having the TVs setup in such a way that you can make an informed decision on a significant purchase....You can not beat the PQ with the exception of possibly the samsung KS9000 series (IMO on par with each other), but the trade off is less than natural picture and not to mention the higher price tag....The TV immediately recognized our Samsung surround system and with casting being so easy we now use the TV for all our music listening and watching phone related content..
+Great buy...very good...The contrast is the best you will see....Bu the tv is great, my wife likes basketball and the clarity is beyond description (but remember, I am a not a wordy guy, probably someone else would have no problem describing the clarity)....Reason I give 3 stars because everywhere this TV get amazing reviews so I do not want to be moron(otherwise I will give 1) but I have problem with picture a lot of judders or how you call it....To make the TV sound better, I will be purchasing a ZVOX 670 soundbase because this brand has a great reviews, and they offer "AccuVoice" which makes the voices in some programs and movies clearer for those of us that are having problems understanding them..
+Fast TV...Great 4k...I love the color contrast on this tv....I hear people are happier with purchases when we do not over research - so if this tv fits your budget and you are capable of stopping your investigative quest before going too far down the rabbit hole of indecision- then consider yourself lucky because this tv should please....General HD pictures/signal is better than my 5 other flat screens due to the new quantum dot display, and 4K programming on Netflix and other streaming services has amazing clarity and almost a 3D feel because it is so crystal clear....Additionally, what I believe was a result of the fact that the Sony does not have local dimming, anytime something bright would come on the screen during an otherwise dark screen (e.g., subtitles or a campfire while the screen is mostly black), the entire screen would brighten up.
+Play games, stream movies and watch TV with this Samsung 65-inch curved 4K Ultra HD TV with HDR. This smart TV provides cloud access to games, apps and media, letting you enjoy your favorite content on a single device. This Samsung 65-inch curved 4K Ultra HD TV with HDR includes a curved design and surround sound connectivity, providing cinematic entertainment in your living room.
+What:
+All Issues
+:
+Education, Humanities, & the Arts
+:
+Funding for Vouchers for Private Schools
+Who:
+All Members
+Click below to see the vote description.
+Education, Humanities, & the Arts
+—
+Funding for Vouchers for Private Schools
+Progressive Position
+Progressive Result
+(
+win
+or
+loss
+)
+2011 House of Representatives
+Roll Call 204.
+(H.R. 417) Final passage of legislation reinstituting a school voucher program in the District of Columbia that had been phased out in 2009. (This school voucher program allowed low-income students in D.C. to receive subsidies for private school tuition.)
+Mar 30, 2011.
+N
+L
+Roll Call 203.
+(H.R. 471) On a motion that would have eliminated funding for a school voucher program in the District of Columbia. (This school voucher program allowed low-income students in D.C. to receive subsidies for private school tuition.)
+Mar 30, 2011.
+Y
+L
+Roll Call 202.
+(H.R. 471) On an amendment that would have redirected funding intended for a school voucher program in the District of Columbia to charter schools. (Charter schools are publicly funded and do not charge tuition—but are not subject to all of the rules and regulations that govern traditional public schools.)
+Mar 30, 2011.
+Y
+L
+Roll Call 200.
+(H.R. 471) Legislation reinstituting a school voucher program in the District of Columbia that had been phased out in 2009. (This school voucher program allowed low-income students in D.C. to receive subsidies for private school tuition.) – On the resolution setting a time limit for debate and determining which amendments could be offered to the bill.
+Mar 30, 2011.
+N
+L
+Roll Call 199.
+(H.R. 471) Legislation reinstituting a school voucher program in the District of Columbia that had been phased out in 2009. (This school voucher program allowed low-income students in D.C. to receive subsidies for private school tuition.) – On bringing to a final vote the resolution setting a time limit for debate and determining which amendments could be offered to the bill.
+Mar 30, 2011.
+N
+L
+2010 Senate
+Roll Call 53.
+HR 1586. (Reauthorizing the Federal Aviation Administration) Lieberman of Connecticut amendment that would authorize funds for a program to provide private school vouchers to students in the District of Columbia/On the motion
+Mar 16, 2010.
+N
+W
+2009 Senate
+Roll Call 94.
+HR 1105. (Fiscal 2009 spending) Ensign of Nevada amendment that would allow funds to be used for a District of Columbia school voucher program/On agreeing to the amendment
+Mar 10, 2009.
+N
+W
+2007 Senate
+Roll Call 337.
+HR 1124. (District of Columbia college access) Coburn of Oklahoma amendment that would mandate that the same tuition assistance be provided to Washington, D.C. residents attending private as those attending public universities/On agreeing to the amendment
+Sep 18, 2007.
+N
+W
+2003 House of Representatives
+Roll Call 491.
+H.R. 2765. Fiscal 2004 District of Columbia Appropriations/Vote on Final Passage of a Spending Bill Which Would Fund Public Services in Washington, D.C. and Create a $10 Million Private School Voucher Program for DC Students.
+Sep 09, 2003.
+N
+L
+Roll Call 490.
+H.R. 2765. Fiscal 2004 District of Columbia Appropriations/Second Vote to Create a $10 Million Private School Voucher Program in DC.
+Sep 09, 2003.
+N
+L
+Roll Call 479.
+H.R. 2765. Fiscal 2004 District of Columbia Appropriations/Vote to Strike a Private School Voucher Program from the Underlying Bill.
+Sep 05, 2003.
+Y
+L
+Roll Call 478.
+H.R. 2765. Fiscal 2004 District of Columbia Appropriations/Vote to Create a $10 Million Private School Voucher Program in DC.
+Sep 05, 2003.)
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