diff --git "a/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_128.txt" "b/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_128.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/falcon-refinedweb-100k_en-long_128.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,10000 @@
+- Mobile8
+- Usability8
+- Available in many languages
+- The casino holds two reliable licenses
+- Certified by eCogra
+- High wagering requirements (x50)
+- Only one promotion is clearly described
+- Demo mode is available, but glitches on some games
+- Numerous countries are not allowed
+- No Live dealer games
+- Lots of misleading information on site
+Mummy’s Gold casino is one of those awesome online casinos that are powered by Microgaming and hold some reliable licenses in place, being owned by well-known company. And yet, it also has a lot of crap on the site, like endless text pages describing how cool are slots games, and how they look like - but you are never allowed to actually check the games out in Demo mode. Plus, there is only one clear promotion that they offer, and after all, some other online gambling platforms seem more friendly and hospitable to visitors than this Mummy.
+Mummys Gold Info
+- Download
+- Real money
+- Mobile
+- Live
+- Instant play
+- 450
+- Swedish
+- Italian
+- Spanish
+- German
+- Norwegian
+- Russian
+- Polish
+- Czech
+- Portuguese
+- Finnish
+- Japanese
+- Available
+- Bayton Ltd.
+- Buffalo Partners
+- FirePay
+- Banking by Citadel
+- Maestro
+- Visa Electron
+- Visa
+- MasterCard
+- Skrill
+- Neteller
+- iDebit
+- Click2Pay
+- Trustly
+- Instant to 5 business days
+- $4000 per week
+- N/A
+- $20
+- Ukraine
+- Canada
+- Germany
+- Iceland
+- Ireland
+- Finland
+- Norway
+- New Zealand
+- Russian Federation
+- Netherlands
+- Isle of Man
+- Afghanistan
+-. Yet, Mummy’s Gold casino also shares with some some significant drawbacks, and eventually we get more Cons than Pros even despite the fact that this platform seems to be reputable and reliable, and other Mummys Gold casino reviews are very positive about it.
+To find out more about realities of gambling at Mummy’s Gold casino, check out our careful Mummys Gold casino review. With objective info provided in this Mummys Gold review, you will be able to develop your own opinion on whether Mummy’s Gold casino is worthy of your time. Our preliminary prognosis is that this online casino is totally fine and safe to play at, but they could have taken more care about actual real potential customers, and a bit less care about luring people onto their site promising them things which they do not really have.
+Mummys Gold games
+When you open the Mummys Gold casino website, what you see first is their casino lobby with the games library. Here, you see games separated into categories, like Top Games, Slots, Blackjack, Roulette, Table Games, and Latest Games. Now, we will tell you right away that this is the ONLY place where you actually see any games, can check out titles, click on them and try the Demo mode to play free in Mummys Gold.
+If you start exploring the site, you will see the dropdown menu in the right upper corner offering you site pages on Casino Games, Mobile casino, and stuff. Well, don’t waste your time and don’t go there. There is absolutely NO info on the actual state of things on these pages, total ZERO. These are only pages created for SEO purposes, having loads of text with keywords, but showing you no useful data - no Mummys Gold games titles, no useful links, absolutely nothing.
+The same shit is with the sitemap. If you open this Narnia, you will see hundreds of links (for different languages, by the way - even for different Englishes, lol), repeating questions, site sections, and also giving you titles of dozens of games, like Live Casino this, Live Casino that - but the catch is, there is no Live Casino on this site.
+So, to make it absolutely clear - what you see in the casino lobby is what you get. These are the games you get when you register, and you can even check some of them and play for fun (we say some of them, because the Demo mode glitches on some games).
+Mummys Gold casino bonuses
+Everything is really unimpressive with the bonuses at Mummys Gold casino. The only clearly described promotion is the Welcome bonus, and while the sum you get as a gift is not that bad - $500 if you are from an English-speaking location - the wagering requirements are rather high. You will have to wager the amount of the bonus for 50 times before you become eligible to request a withdrawal. Well, at least the bonus is cashable.
+Mummys Gold welcome bonus
+All new players get a 100% match bonus to the sum of up to $500 for their very first deposit. As it has already been said, the bonus winnings are cashable, but the wagering requirements are x50. Now, this is the only gift you get; your further deposits do not seem to make you eligible for any gifts.
+Mummys Gold loyalty points
+At Mummy’s Gold casino, you can earn loyalty points for regular gambling, and then use them for your advantage. Loyalty points can be redeemed at any time, exchange them for additional perks, and use for betting.
+Other bonuses
+Now, you can also get “other bonuses”. We have no clue what it means. The site states that the customers can sign up for mailing to get info on additional promotions, but hmmm, that feels like trifle. If you have any other promos, casino, why just not tell potential customers about them? Or do you play the same trick as with the Live casino? Not cool.
+Mummys Gold casino banking
+In terms of banking, there are good news and bad news. The good news is that you have several decent and reliable options for depositing and withdrawing, and the casino directly warns you that if you deposit with plastic card, in some cases you won’t be able to withdraw to the same card. This is pretty fair and such situation is frequent, so make sure you have access to at least two possible banking channels - one for depositing and one for withdrawing. Withdrawal times in Mummys Gold casino depend on the channel you choose.
+The bad news is that the site does not state clearly what channels are 100% available for withdrawal; like, you can’t check if this site fits you until you register with them (which is not cool at all, and we don’t get why withdrawal channels are such a great secret). Oh, and another bad news is that the casino loses itself in verbiage, stating different sets of available banking options on different pages of the site. Well well casino.
+Mummys Gold software
+The only provider whose items are represented on this site is Microgaming. Absolutely all games you can find there are by Microgaming, and this is not bad at all. However, on the other hand, having some other software developers contributing to user experience could be really nice. Of course Microgaming is one of the confident leaders in the niche, they are certified and oversertified and can be trusted, but Microgaming does not have the grasp of it all. Evolution Gaming, for example, firmly holds the leadership position in Live casinos, therefore, we can conclude that the gamblers at MummysGold won’t be provided the best possible experience.
+Mummys Gold casino jackpots
+Funny thing about jackpots at this casino. Yeah, they are “proudly powered” by Microgaming, but for some reason, they shyly hide their progressive jackpots - despite the fact that Microgaming is a globally acknowledged king of progressives. That is, the casino has all games by Microgaming, and we suggest it must have jackpots, but there are no jackpots in the lobby.
+On the other hand, you will find dozens of progressive jackpot titles in the Site Map - but only titles. If you click, you will get on the page telling you what are progressive jackpots, why they are so jaw dropping, and how cool it is to play one - but you will never get a link to one, or even an image of the game in the library. Any idea what’s going on here?..
+Mummys Gold live casino
+The only place where you will find notice about Live games is the Sitemap. There, you will get a dozen of links to suggested Live dealer games, but eventually no, you won’t see even a piece of Live dealer game. Only of the funniest things we have found is that Evolution gaming makes the best Live casino games in the niche, ever, and it is cool to play some Live casino games by Evolution gaming - but you remember that the Mummy’s Gold casino is proudly powered by Microgaming, and only Microgaming, right?..
+Mobile Mummys Gold casino
+Mobile casino Mummy Gold works seamlessly on mobile devices when you access it via browser, and you can also download Mummys Gold app. The only thing you have to keep in mind that even with a mobile app, there are still downloadable games and also instant play casino Mummys Gold. If your Internet connection is reliable and fast, you can play flash casino Mummys Gold games and avoid downloading the casino’s software onto the device. In case you have issues with Internet connection, perhaps downloadable titles will do better for you. Both casino Mummys Gold for Android and iOS is available.
+Mummys Gold design
+Mummy casino has an attractive design that underlines all things important for the player, and at the same time does not overload the eyes. The background of the site is dark purple - a good choice since most gamblers play in the evening, or in a darkened room - and the font is big enough and of a contrasting white color. All the necessary site sections and buttons are visible, and you will easily find what you want (unless this is withdrawal methods, Live casino, or jackpots lol).
+Mummys Gold casino usability
+Overall, we loved everything about the design and usability of Mummy’s Gold online casino but its SEO pages and the manner to mislead the visitor. While the design is user-friendly and the navigation is pretty intuitive at first sight, you will face difficulties and will stop understanding anything as soon as you decide to really do a good job exploring the whole website.
+Firstly, you will fail to find anything specific and clear in terms of games info anywhere except the lobby. All other pages about games, except the lobby, are created for SEO and hold no useful info on games.
+Secondly, if you dive into the Sitemap, then instead of a well-structured and comprehensive layout of the whole site, you will get columns of links with questions and requests, more alike to FAQ lists, for different languages on the same page. So if you need something specific, Ctrl+F is your only option. Also, the requests in the same language list can repeat, like “Visa Withdrawal”, “Deposit and Withdrawal”, “How do I make a withdrawal”, despite the fact that all this stuff could have been placed on one single page.
+And thirdly, you get tons of misleading links. For example, you know this is a Microgaming casino, but wondering why they do not show jackpots in the lobby. Like any sane person, you jump back and forth around the site trying to find out why, and eventually hit the Sitemap, where they list you a dozen of links supposedly leading to jackpots. As any sane person, you follow the links expecting to find jackpots available at this site, but end up on the page telling you what is jackpot and why jackpots are cool. See? Misleading!
+So, we conclude that Mummy’s Gold casino could have taken a better care of their users’ experience.
+Mummys Gold license
+In terms of license, this platform is in an advantageous position, because it has whole two licenses instead of one (or even instead of zero like some other sites). The first one is granted by the Malta Gaming Authority, and the second one is by Kahnawake Gaming commission.
+Mummys Gold casino security
+In addition to two licenses and active SSL encryption on each page of the site, the casino is certified by eCogra meaning the games are fair and random. Plus, the site applies special software for additional protection of the players’ data. Overall, the security is fine on this website.
+Trust
+While we have nothing to nibble at in terms of security, because Mummy’s Gold seems to meet all the strict security standards of the niche, in terms of trust we are not happy. This is all because of the misleading manner of the platform that promises what it does not have. There is nothing to be ashamed of if you do not have Live dealer games or progressive jackpots, casino, but telling people you do when you don’t is a big no-no. And if you do, why you don’t show the stuff?
+Mummys Gold verdict
+Mummys Gold online casino is an average high quality and reliable Microgaming casino. It is part of the bigger group of casinos, it is secure and offers a nice range of games. yet, there are issues with trust, misleading, and hiding some info (which is not a secret at all on other online casino sites!) from unregistered players. Plus, the bonuses it offers are outright unimpressive. So you are safe to give it a try, but keep in mind there are other nice casinos out there which have no problem telling you directly what you get.
+- 74Good reputation
+- Live Chat Support
+- Supports many languages
+- Live Dealer Games
+Top 3 casino like Mummys Gold
+- 77Good reputation
+- Customer support 24/7
+- Protected by SSL
+- Two licenses
+- 91Excellent reputation
+- Casinority Awards
+- A lot of languages
+- A lot of banking methods
+- Excellent reputation
+- 78Good reputation
+- Award winning since 2001
+- Live dealer games
+- Multiple Languages
+- 77Good reputation
+- Customer support 24/7
+- Protected by SSL
+- Two licenses
+- 91Excellent reputation
+- Casinority Awards
+- A lot of languages
+- A lot of banking methods
+- Excellent reputation
+- 78Good reputation
+- Award winning since 2001
+- Live dealer games
+- Multiple Languages
+Fall 2017: Expanding Capacity to East Selkirk Lagoon Feasibility Study Report
+The Henderson wastewater system has two components: moving the wastewater and treating it.
+Current system: pipes along Henderson Hwy from Old River Road north to Lockport (known as the Henderson Catchment) connect via a pump (Donald Lift Station) to Lockport Wastewater Treatment Plant (LWWTP). Twenty homes are now connected to this system. LWWTP is now close to capacity and cannot service the remaining 500+ existing homes in the area. At almost 30 years old, LWWTP is an aging facility that uses older technology.
+A preliminary internal study determined that the best option for expanding the Henderson catchment sewer capacity is to hook up to the existing East Selkirk Wastewater Lagoon. As a result, the RM hired an engineering consultant to further explore the feasibility of this option and get a better idea of the costs. This report was completed in December of 2017. It will be valuable to secure funding from higher levels of government.
+About East Selkirk Lagoon:
+- Currently has a capacity to treat wastewater from about 850 more homes
+- Was completed in 2015
+- Is state-of-the-art
+- Is aerated so has literally no odour
+- Has few residences nearby
+- Underwent a lengthy environmental impact assessment before construction
+- Undergoes regular, rigorous environmental testing
+- Conforms to all current provincial environmental regulations
+- Meets nutrient requirement levels for Lake Winnipeg, which are the most stringent they have ever been
+Feasibility Report Summary
+Download St. Clements Regional WW Study Final Report December 2017.pdf
+The report recommends expanding to the East Selkirk Lagoon in several phases that depend on different capacities being reached.
+Phase 1: run two 7.5 km wastewater pipelines, using the existing pumps at LWWTP and the Donald Lift Station, to the existing cell of the East Selkirk Lagoon at a cost of approximately $3.2 million
+Phase 2: When a further 300 homes in the Henderson catchment connect to the system, the capacity of the pumps at LWWTP and Donald Lift station will be reached and a new regional pumping facility will need to be constructed at a cost of about $1.4 million. at this time the LWWTP will be decommissioned.
+Phase 3: When East Selkirk Lagoon is connected to 850 homes it will be at capacity and other options will be considered.
+Connecting with the East Selkirk Lagoon to expand the south Henderson sewage capacity over other options has many benefits including:
+- Phase 1 cost is almost $1 million less than the original estimate and phase 2 cost is over $3 million less
+- No environmental study is required as the lagoon has already had one
+- Less disruptive – little excavation required as the forcemain (or waste water pipe) will be installed using directional drilling which means the pipes will be pushed underground
+- Makes good use of existing capacity and equipment
+- Is the quickest option to be up and running
+Spring 2017: Options to Expand South Henderson Wastewater Capacity
+Download Henderson Highway Area Wastewater Plan infographic
+We have been looking at options to expand wastewater capacity for the South Henderson Highway area, which has wastewater pipes in the ground with the potential to service 600 homes but a current capacity to service about 100 homes. The pipes are hooked up to the twenty-five year old Lockport Wastewater Treatment Plant (LWWTP).
+Council carefully considered 5 options for providing more wastewater treatment capacity to this area.
+- Expanding Lockport Wastewater Treatment Plant: In 2014, a feasibility study was completed to examine the option of expanding the Lockport WWTP.
+- Key factors: long approval process, poor fit in urban area, high operating costs and utility bills, high initial investment
+- Partnering with Winnipeg and the RM’s of St. Andrews and West St. Paul: Shortly after this feasibility study was completed, the RM of St. Andrews signed an agreement with the RM of West St. Paul and the City of Winnipeg to pipe wastewater for treatment to the North End Sewage Treatment Plant in Winnipeg. Council then studied the possibility of joining this partnership an alternative to constructing a new wastewater plant. Although this option was more attractive than the new treatment plant, the study showed high hook up and operational costs as well as limited capacity.
+- Key factors: highest quarterly utility bills, limited capacity available in the pipe, high hook up charge
+- Hooking up to RM of East St. Paul: We next explored the option of hooking up to the RM of East St. Paul’s wastewater treatment plant.
+- Key factors: highest hookup charge, high quarterly utility billings
+- New wastewater lagoon near the
+Lockport Industrial Park
+- Key factors: disruptive for existing neighbourhood, highest initial capital costs, longest approval process
+- Use the existing wastewater lagoon in East Selkirk
+- Key factors: uses existing capacity so has the lowest initial capital costs, minimizes operational costs and utility bills, is the quickest solution to capacity issues
+More details are available in our report titled Wastewater Collection and Treatment Options for Henderson Highway Catchment area
+After careful analysis, it appears the option of connecting the Lockport Treatment Plant to the new East Selkirk Wastewater Lagoon offers the best combination of price and operational costs as well as the shortest timelines.
+Next Steps
+The next step is to undertake a preliminary engineering study to establish more exact estimate costs and develop tender documents. At the same time we will seek grants to help pay the capital costs for this important project.
+Phase 1: Introduction
+New sewage infrastructure along Henderson is an important part of the RM’s commitment to protecting the health of our residents and our water supply, both for today’s St. Clements families and for future generations.
+In the immediate term, the St. Clements Regional (Henderson) Sewer Project will allow the RM to permanently resolve a Health Order that has been in place since 2001 after testing revealed high levels of coliform bacteria in ditch water near Old River Road.
+In future project phases, the new sewer line will also provide an option for other property owners along Henderson to connect, should there be interest in doing so. We are committed to keeping property owners fully informed at each stage of this important project and will continue to provide responses and information over the coming months. Information will be shared through updates on the website, emails and letters. Questions will continue to be answered to the extent possible on the project FAQ page.
+Project Overview
+St. Clements is building a permanent sewer line along Henderson Highway from the Old River Road area up to Lockport.
+This new sewage infrastructure along Henderson is an important part of the RM’s commitment to protecting the health of our water, both for today’s St. Clements families and for future generations.
+The type of low-pressure sewer system being installed has been used throughout Manitoba for several decades and is most commonly used to service existing low-density developments such as the Henderson Highway area. This approach was favoured over the gravity systems traditionally installed in dense urban settings due to less excavation and minimal disturbance to roads, utilities, trees and landscaping.
+As the main sewer lines are installed, it will be important to determine the level of public interest in future hook-ups, which would need to be aligned with the processing capacity of the Lockport sewage treatment plant. Apart from the Old River Road homes affected by the current Health Order, the RM will not require any property owner to connect should they not wish to do so.
+Background and History
+In the late 1990’s, Manitoba Conservation conducted tests on ditch water in the Old River Road area in St Clements and found that the water contained high levels of coliform, which would indicate that the septic field in the area were not functioning properly and were “breaking out” into the drainage ditches. In 2001, the Medical Officer of Health issued an order to the RM of St. Clements to develop plans to abate the insanitary condition. This order has been in effect ever since.
+Originally most of the septic fields in the Henderson Highway, south of Lockport were installed in small lots with soils that are not suitable for fields. Current Provincial regulations require a minimum lot size of 2 acres for possible use of septic fields.
+Following the health order, and as part our commitment to protecting the environment, the RM of St. Clements has been working with the Provincial and Federal governments to develop and fund a sustainable solution to the problem in the Old River Road area and adjacent areas where sewage breakouts directly impact water health and public safety.
+Project Funding and Costs to Property Owners
+Roughly two-thirds of the $6-million total project cost is being funded through grants the RM has secured through the federal and provincial governments. A connection fee of $12,700 will apply to properties connecting to the new sewer. Only those who are connecting to the sewer will pay the connection cost or any other charges and there is no requirement for homeowners outside the Old River Road area to connect to the new service.
+The connection fee funds the municipality’s portion of the costs to design and install the main sewer lines. Initial engineering estimates determined the one-time connection cost to be between $14,000 – $19,000 per lot. A detailed engineering study completed this May, and construction tenders that came in below budget, have allowed the RM to revise the cost to $12,700 per lot (cost subject to adjustment for inflation at time of connection).
+Timelines
+The new Henderson Highway sewer system will allow St. Clements to effectively and permanently resolve a public health challenge that has persisted for nearly 20 years.
+Residents in the Old River Road area have been affected by odours and surface water with high coliform levels since at least the late 1990s. A provincial Health Order was issued in 2001. St. Clements has worked to secure $4 million in federal and provincial funds to finally implement a lasting solution to a long-standing problem.
+Frequently Asked Questions
+Throughout this project we anticipate citizens will have questions and we are committed to providing a timely, considered response to all queries we receive. As questions are received, we will answer them on this webpage so that citizens can see what others are asking, and understand the answers that are provided. We won’t attribute questions we receive, and if we are asked the same question by more than one person, we will let you know where it may have already been answered.
+If you have a question, please review the information below.
+About the Sewer System
+How will the new sewer system work?
+What type of sewer is being installed?
+There are two types of permanent sewer lines that are used in populated areas: gravity-fed and low-pressure. Gravity-fed sewers are used in areas that are densely populated, primarily in urban neighbourhoods in cities. Low-pressure systems are used in less-populated areas such as rural or exurban environments, or in areas where development already exists. Consistent with the approach taken in other communities with similar population density and land usage, the Henderson project will be a low-pressure sewer.
+The primary benefit of a low-pressure sewer is cost to the property owner. A low-pressure sewer is far more affordable when servicing a lower-density area. The second benefit is that low-pressure system pipes can be installed using a tunneling method that requires minimal excavation and is less disruptive to roads, utilities, trees and landscaping than the gravity sewer systems typically found in urban areas. As in other lower-density areas, a low-pressure sewer requires the property owner to have a new submersible pump installed to bring household wastewater from the home to the sewer connection at the property line. This equipment is normally installed at the time that the homeowner connects to the sewer line.
+My property has been damaged by the installation of the main sewer lines. When will it be fixed?
+Construction clean-up, including restoration of damaged property, will be done as major construction comes to a close. Under the terms of their contract the contractors are required to complete these tasks within a reasonable time after the installation and pressure testing of the sewers.
+Although the significant summer rains posed challenges for clean up in the short-term, most of the landscaping repairs will be complete before winter. The contractor will return in summer 2015 to do a final clean-up and restoration.
+Will you be providing water service?
+At this point there is no plan to provide water service for this area.
+Hook-up timelines & phases
+I live in the Old River Road (Phase 1) area. Will my property be affected?
+Property owners in the Old River Road area will benefit most directly from the Henderson sewer project and will be required to have their homes connected to the new sewer line. Homeowners in this area have been under a provincial Health Order for the past 13 years after testing revealed high levels of coliform bacteria in surface waters in the area. The sewer project will deliver a permanent solution to a significant human and environmental-health challenge that has persisted for years.
+I do not live in the Old River Road (Phase 1) area. Will my property be affected?
+Only homeowners included within the Phase 1 Old River Road area (properties under the Provincial Health Order) are required to connect to the new sewer or pay any fees.
+There is no requirement for homeowners outside the Old River Road area to connect to the new service and no part of the Henderson sewer project is being paid by general tax revenues or homeowners who are not hooking up.
+The sewer pipe installed along Henderson is of sufficient size to accommodate new installations as our community grows, although there remains no requirement for property owners beyond Old River Road to connect. A sewer curb stop is required in front of each property to facilitate connection to the sewer. Curb stops are only being installed at homes within Old River Road.
+Future connections: The RM is aware that there is strong interest among some homeowners in the Henderson area (outside of Old River Road) to connect their properties to the new sewer line. Properties located south of Lockport between the river and the railroad tracks can expect to have the option to hook into a sewr system by 2020. The sewer is not a guarantee, as it may be subject to approvals of a local improvement district process, if that’s what is deemed best for that particular neighbourhood.
+Do I have to hook up?
+Only property owners included within the Phase 1 Old River Road area (properties under the Provincial Health Order) are required to connect to the new sewer or pay any fees. Property owners in this area will have up to five years to complete the necessary work on their property and connect into the system under Provincial requirements.
+There is no requirement for homeowners outside the Old River Road area to connect to the new service and no part of the Henderson sewer project is being paid by general tax revenues or homeowners who are not hooking up.
+I live in the Old River Road area (Phase 1). When will hook up begin?
+All required infrastructure will be in place by the end of 2014 to allow for individual connections to commence in the Old River Road area under the Public Health Order. It is anticipated connections will begin following the spring thaw in 2015.
+I own property east of the tracks. Can I hook up?
+The priority focus of the current project area is water protection. As such, the current project area includes those properties that are closest to the river. The area between the river and the rail line is also sufficiently populated to make permanent sewage infrastructure feasible. In the future there may be opportunities to extend the sewer line to accommodate additional properties, should population density and the processing capacity of the Lockport treatment plant allow. At the current time, however, the project area includes only the area between the river and the rail line.
+Costs for property owners
+What will it cost me to hook up?
+Only property owners included within the Phase 1 Old River Road area (properties under the Provincial Health Order) are required to connect to the new sewer or pay any fees. Only those who are connecting to the sewer will pay the connection cost or any other charges. The following costs will apply only to properties connecting to the new sewer:
+- Connection fee: $12,700* The connection fee funds the municipality’s portion of the costs to design and install the main sewer lines. Initial engineering estimates determined the one-time connection cost to be between $14,000 – $19,000 per lot. A detailed engineering study completed in May 2014, and construction tenders that came in below budget, have allowed the RM to revise the cost to $12,700 per lot.
+- Cost for work on your property: Approx. $3,000 – $6,000* (contracted and covered directly by property owners) All work required on the homeowner’s own property (to connect their homes to the main sewer line) must be contracted, and costs paid, by homeowners directly. Although the RM will inspect each connection to ensure it conforms, homeowners are responsible for the installation and maintenance of required equipment on their side of the property line.
+- Ongoing utility charge: $67* per month, billed quarterly The rate for ongoing sewer service is unmetered (no meter will be required on your property). A quarterly flat rate approved by the Public Utilities Board will apply for all homes connected to the sewer.
+*2014 costs and rates are shown above. Costs subject to adjustment for inflation and actual cost of borrowing at time of connection.
+What are my options for paying the connection fee?
+Property owners have two options for payment. You may choose to make a single payment, financing this cost through your own cash reserves, mortgage or by other arrangements through your financial institution. Property owners can also choose to pay the cost of the connection fee via installments on their municipal property tax bill over 20 years at an estimated interest rate of 4.625%*.
+*Subject to adjustment for actual cost of borrowing at time of connection.
+What would payment for the connection fee be due? (Old River Road/Phase 1 area)
+Property owners in the Old River Road area will receive a letter with notice of a pre-payment option of the $12,700 connection fee early in the new year (2015). This option is for property owners who wish to pay the connection fee in full or arrange financing through their bank or credit union.
+Homeowners who wish to instead finance the connection fee through installments on their annual property tax bill will make their first installment payment when taxes are due in the fall of 2015.
+Though payment for the connection fee is required in 2015, property owners will have up to five years to complete the necessary work on their property and connect into the system under Provincial requirements.
+What if I sell my property? Do the sewer connection costs stay with the property?
+If you have chosen to pay in instalments with your annual municipal property taxes, the cost of the sewer would become the new property owner’s responsibility.
+I own more than one property. Do I pay more?
+The connection costs are per lot. If you were to subdivide a property into multiple lots, a connection fee would be paid for each serviced lot.
+What factors will determine equipment costs on my side of the property line?
+Costs will vary depending on the specific requirements of each property, such as the distance from the home to the property line and whether an existing septic tank will be compatible with the new system. Two-cell tanks in good condition and shown to be water-tight will be compatible with the new sewer. Holding tanks in good condition can often be converted into a fully compatible two-cell tank. If you have an older tank you may need to have a new septic tank installed.
+I don’t live in this area. Am I paying for the sewer?
+No. The majority of the $6-million total project cost is being funded via the provincial and federal governments. The remaining municipal portion is being paid by those properties who are connecting to the service, capital development levies and the federal gas tax grant. No costs associated with the project are funded by general municipal revenues.
+Installation on your property
+What about my existing private sewer?
+For most homeowners, the sewer system will connect to existing septic systems. The main change to the homeowner’s system will involve installing a pump in the septic or holding tank, and running a service pipe to the sewer connection valve at the property line. If you have a two-cell/dual-compartment septic tank in good condition and shown to be water-tight, it will be compatible with the new sewer system. If you have an older tank, you may be required to have a new septic tank installed. Holding tanks in good condition can often be converted into a compatible two-cell tank. We recommend using a one horsepower pump.
+If you currently have a septic field, it will be disconnected from your septic tank and left as is. The liquid that was being discharged to your septic field will now be pumped to the Lockport sewage treatment plant.
+What type of contractor should I call about having the required equipment installed on my side of the property line?
+Low-pressure sewer systems are common in Manitoba, and many local contractors who advertise sewer services will be qualified to install the piping, pump and related equipment needed to connect your home to the new sewer system. As with any project, the RM recommends that property owners receive several written estimates from prospective contractors.
+At the request of several residents at last year’s Henderson Highway Sewage Project Open House, we have compiled a short list of three qualified contractors who understand the work requirements of this project. You are not required to use these contractors.
+Will my new system be inspected after installation?
+The municipality will inspect the system once equipment is installed and your property has been connected to the sewer line.
+What about impacts on landscaping on the homeowner’s side of the property line?
+How disruptive is the work likely to be to my yard? Because the equipment and pipes connecting your home to the new sewer are located underground, there will be some disruption to your property when the installation is performed. Your local contractor may be able to use horizontal tunneling to install the piping, which would limit the disruption to existing landscaping.
+After I’m connected to the new sewer will I still need to have my septic tank pumped out? How often?
+The new sewer system will carry liquid waste to the Lockport treatment plan. Solid wastes will be collected in your septic tank and will be pumped out approximately once every 12-15 months, depending on volume of use.
+I heard that I won’t be able to sell my property with the septic field still in use. Is this true?
+Manitoba Conservation requires that properties in the Old River Road area (Active Phase 1 area) must connect to the sewer prior to the sale of the property. Properties outside of the active Phase 1 are not subject to the same requirements.
+Here is the relevent excerpt from Conservation Manitoba’s Regulation 83/2003:
+Requirement to connect to new wastewater collection system
+8.1(1) If a wastewater collection system is installed in an area not previously serviced by a wastewater collection system, an owner of land in that area must
+(a) connect his or her wastewater sources to the wastewater collection system; and
+(b) take any onsite wastewater management system or privy located on the land out of service and decommission it;
+before the earlier of
+(c) the passing of a period of five years from the day that the wastewater collection system was installed; or
+(d) the transfer or subdivision of the land.
+8.1(2) If land in an area referred to in subsection (1) is transferred, and despite that subsection either or both of the actions described in clauses (1)(a) and (b) have not been completed, the owner of the land — following the transfer — must complete the action or actions, as the case may be, within two years after the transfer.
+When will the RM have detailed specifications for installation work on my property available?
+Installation of the main sewer line and laterals are underway and expected to be complete by the end of 2014. Once completed, individual properties Old River Road area under the Public Health Order can begin to connect. Further specifications for work or equipment required on your property will be provided later this year once curb stops are installed and prior to any requirement for individual hook-ups. If you have questions specific to your property, you can contact us directly at utility@rmofstclements.com.
+Open House
+Thanks to all who took the time to participate in the May 2014 Open House, ask questions and share their views on this important project. A summary report on what was heard during consultations has been prepared and is now available:
+Henderson Sewer Public Consultation, July2014 [pdf]
+The RM has reviewed the comments, questions and input received during the public engagement program, and is taking action in several areas as a result of the feedback received. We are also committed to further considering the public input received as part of future planning and decision-making related to the Henderson Sewer Project.
+As of July 2014 actions taken by the RM of St. Clements as a result of public input are:
+- RM is now pursuing arrangements in order to extend a 20-year financing option for the sewer connection fee to those homeowners in Phase 1 who wish to finance the hook-up cost through installments on their tax bill.
+- Clarity on costs and timelines for Phase 1 (Old River Road area) property owners provided in a July 2014 letter to residents and posted on the website.
+The RM will assist with pre-screening contractors qualified to do the installation work on the homeowner’s side of the property line. This information will be available to property owners in late fall 2014.
+- The RM will develop a detailed specifications sheet with the project engineers for equipment and work required on the homeowner’s side of the property. This information will be available in late fall 2014.
+- The RM will conduct further engineering study and explore grants to expand capacity at the Lockport sewage treatment plant in order to address the additional demand outside of Phase 1.
+- The RM is currently evaluating whether there is any opportunity for property owners outside of the Old River Road area to connect to the system as part of Phase 1. Once a decision is made, it will be shared with residents of the RM of St. Clements.
+You can view materials from the May 2014 open houses here:
+Open House Information Boards
+Costs for Property Owners
+What Happens on Your Property & Required Equipment
+Content
+- Changes In Accounting For Changes
+- Key Provisions Of Ifrs 5 Relating To Discontinued Operations
+- Understanding The Cash Flow Statement
+- For A Manufacturing Company, Each Of The Following Items Would Be Considered Non
+- In A Statement Of Cash Flows, International Financial Reporting Standards Allow Companies To Report Interest Paid As:
+- Asset Disposals And Discontinued Operations
+Management believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP measures provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations and/or our expected results of operations because it assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. When used in these notes, the terms “The Coca-Cola Company,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean The Coca-Cola Company and all entities included in our condensed consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 29, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. Sales of our nonalcoholic ready-to-drink beverages are somewhat seasonal, with the second and third calendar quarters accounting for the highest sales volumes. In addition to other non-GAAP adjustments as described in the attached appendix, adjusted profit measures, including adjusted EPS and adjusted operating income, exclude from both periods certain costs, which are reported in GAAP continuing operations but were previously allocated to the RX business.. First quarter 2021 reported operating income decreased 21% and fixed currency operating income decreased 22% when compared to the prior year; both include the impact of special charges, which were primarily related to restructuring activities and pay protection for certain employees impacted by COVID-19’s effects . COVID-19 related lower volume, the Texas freeze impact and unfavorable business mix more than offset cost savings and favorable pricing. Extraordinary items are included in the determination of periodic net income, but are disclosed separately in the income statement below “Income from continuing operations”.
+Changes In Accounting For Changes
+Consolidated net sales on a constant currency basis increased by 1.9 percent for the quarter and 2.3 percent for the year. Net sales for Sam’s Club, excluding fuel, increased to $11.9 billion, an increase of 2.5 percent from last year’s fourth quarter results. The amount reflects an adjustment to reported EPS to exclude several restructuring charges totaling $260 million ($162 million net of tax), or approximately $0.04 per share, and a net tax benefit of $372 million or approximately $0.09 per. For business owners, analysts and creditors, recognizing the differences between income from continuing operations and other non-recurring items provide insight into the profitability of the business.
+OI Glass Sells Cristar Tableware Business as Part of Its – GlobeNewswire
+OI Glass Sells Cristar Tableware Business as Part of Its.
+Posted: Mon, 27 Dec 2021 11:50:00 GMT [source]
+Texas freeze supply chain and customer disruptions were an estimated unfavorable $0.10 (-10pp) per share. Acquisition adjusted fixed currency sales -8% as strong growth in the Healthcare & Life Sciences segment was more than offset by a modest Industrial segment decrease and narrowed declines in the Institutional & Specialty and Other segments.The Texas freeze is estimated to have had a -1pp impact on overall sales growth. According to APB Opinion No. 20, a company should consistently apply the same accounting methods from one period to another. However, a company may make a change if the newly adopted method is preferable and if the change is adequately disclosed in the financial statements.
+Key Provisions Of Ifrs 5 Relating To Discontinued Operations
+Unless otherwise noted, all growth rates refer to the current period compared to the prior year period. Consistency and comparability in cross-border financial reporting also were significant factors in FASB’s decision to change the reporting of accounting changes. FASB and the IASB identified accounting for changes under Opinion no. 20 as one area that could be improved and brought into agreement with international standards. Statement no. 154 brings U.S. standards into compliance with IAS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Estimates and Errors, and is a positive move toward the development of a single set of high-quality global accounting standards. Companies may be more likely to make such changes now that a cumulative effect adjustment is not required in the year of change. The new treatment should improve financial reporting by making it easier for companies to change to a method that better reflects how they consume the future benefits of their assets. When changes are necessary, it’s up to CPAs to decide how to reflect them in the financial reporting process.
+- ARR is not a forecast and the active contracts at the end of a reporting period used in calculating ARR may or may not be extended or renewed by our customers.
+- Free cash flow for the first half was USD 3.5 billion (-8%), a decrease of USD 0.3 billion compared to the prior-year period.
+- Lastly, we present Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted EPS as additional performance measures.
+- An entity also may disclose its accounting policy for cooperative advertising arrangements.
+- “There is no greater priority for Bill or me than getting sales back into positive territory.”
+- Often regarded as the cost of goods sold or cost of sales, the expenses are specifically related to the cost of producing goods or services.
+- Unfulfilled orders due to supply chain disruptions depressed growth by 0.5 percentage points.
+The higher the operating profit as time goes by, the more effectively a company’s core business is being carried out. Continuing operations refer to all business operations, excluding the segments that are discontinued. These operations generate revenue for the business through the sale of goods and services. Disclosure of accounting policy for election to exclude from measurement of transaction price tax assessed by governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, and collected from customer. The Company’s accounting policy related to advertising costs for annual reporting purposes is to expense production costs of print, radio, television and other advertisements as of the first date the advertisements take place. All other marketing expenditures are expensed in the annual period in which the expenditure is incurred.
+Understanding The Cash Flow Statement
+The current cash coverage and the current ratio are measures that can be used to evaluate a firm’s ability to pay current liabilities. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities are part of other comprehensive income. Gains, losses, irregular revenues, and irregular expenses all cause differences between net income and sustainable income. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost determined using LIFO, first-in first-out, and average costs methods for different components of inventory..
+Which of the following account is not included in the calculation of net income?
+Journal. Which of the following accounts is not included in the calculation of net income? Rent revenue.
+Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not subject to any method of amortization, but is tested for impairment annually and when events and circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. When the fair value is less than the carrying value of the related reporting unit, we are required to reduce the amount of goodwill through a charge to earnings. Fair value is estimated using the market approach, as well as the income approach based on discounted cash flow projections. Statement no. 154 has significant implications for auditors, who soon will be helping clients implement it and auditing the retrospective applications.
+For A Manufacturing Company, Each Of The Following Items Would Be Considered Non
+Adjusted net income and adjusted net income.
+Core operating income margin in constant currencies increased by 1.0 percentage point; currency had a negative impact of 1.0 percentage point, resulting in a core operating income margin of 31.6% of net sales. This communication contains certain statements relating to future events and our intentions, beliefs, expectations and predictions for the future which are forward-looking statements as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding COVID-19 pandemic trends, the global economic recovery, and our financial and business performance and prospects, including sales, earnings and new business. These statements are based on the current expectations of management of the company.
+What is the operating expenses formula?
+A standard formula might look like this: Operating expenses = accounting supplies + expenses on office supplies + insurance + licensing fees + legal fees + marketing and advertising + payroll and wages + repairs and equipment maintenance + taxes + travel + utilities + vehicle expenses..
+In A Statement Of Cash Flows, International Financial Reporting Standards Allow Companies To Report Interest Paid As:
+However, it maintained records that are adequate for valuing inventories and determining cost of goods sold as if it had applied FIFO in 20X5 and 20X6. Sandoz net sales were USD 4.5 billion (-3%, +10% cc), as volume growth of 15 percentage points more than offset 5 percentage which of the following is not included in continuing operations? points of price erosion. All regions grew in the first half, led by double-digit growth in the US (+20% cc), Asia-Pacific (+13% cc) and Latin America (+23% cc). From a franchise perspective, global sales of Biopharmaceuticals increased 45% to USD 368 million.
+For the year, the company returned a record $19.2 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases..
+Feedstocks net sales of $71 million for the quarter were 190% above prior year due mainly to the passthrough of higher styrene. Adjusted EBITDA of $40 million was $44 million higher than prior year due to significantly higher styrene margins in Europe, particularly due to strong demand and tight supply, as well as an $8 million favorable net timing variance. Polystyrene net sales of $313 million for the quarter were 101% above prior year mainly from the passthrough of higher styrene. Sales volume decreased net sales by 12% following higher demand in the prior year to COVID-19 essential applications such as packaging.
+Management also believes that the presentation of free cash flow provides useful information to our investors because management regularly reviews these metrics as an important indicator of how much cash is generated by general business operations, excluding capital expenditures, and makes decisions based on it. Operating income decreased 17% (-4% cc) to USD 2.0 billion, as amortization of intangible assets of USD 384 million and acquisition-related costs of USD 69 million, mainly related to the new oncology assets, were partly offset by solid operating performance.
+- Growth Products contributed USD 8.1 billion or 33% of net sales, up 19% over the first half of 2014.
+- A company wishing to make a change in principle should first apprise its current auditors of the change and have them affirm that the new principle is preferable.
+- The Company’s covenant leverage ratio was 1.3x at quarter-end, or 1.1x net of cash and used floorplan availability.
+- Standardization of accounting methods is not a factor affecting quality of earnings.
+- Adjusted net income and adjusted net income per diluted share, non-GAAP financial measures, facilitate comparisons to earnings forecasts prepared by stock analysts and other third parties.
+- “Sam’s Club reached almost $50 billion in annual net sales. And, during the year, Sam’s Club comp sales, excluding fuel, improved sequentially every quarter, with the fourth quarter being the strongest.”
+This may include a description of a business combination or divestiture completed during the period, including background, timing, and assets and liabilities recognized and reclassified or sold. .
+The established format of the income statement requires that extraordinary items be reported immediately after discontinued operations. The PCAOB Q&A lists three factors a successor auditor might consider in deciding to audit only the adjustments to the prior-period financial statements or whether a reaudit of the prior financial statements is necessary. Suppose XYZ Co. decided in 20X6 to change the depreciation method for certain assets to the straight-line method, where previously these assets (with a total cost of $5 million) were depreciated using the double-declining balance method. Acquired in 20X3, the assets have a salvage value of $200,000 and an estimated life of eight years.
+Walmart International consists of the company’s operations outside the United States and Puerto Rico. Company collects taxes imposed directly on its customers related to sales, use, value-added, excise and other similar taxes.. Group net sales in 2015 are expected to grow mid-single digit , after absorbing the impact of generic competition, which is expected to be approximately the same as the prior year (USD 2.4 billion). Group core operating income is expected to grow ahead of sales at a high-single digit rate in 2015. For the total Group, net income amounted to USD 14.8 billion compared to USD 5.6 billion in the first half of 2014, impacted by the exceptional divestment gains included in net income from the discontinued operations..
+This distinction is especially useful when companies merge, as parsing out which assets are being divested or folded gives a clearer picture of how a company will make money in the future. When companies merge, understanding which assets are being divested can give a clearer picture of how a company will make money in the future. Solvency represents an indication of the ability of the firm to survive over a long time period. Vertical analysis is a technique for evaluating financial statement data by expressing each item in a financial statement as a percent of a base amount in that statement. Interest expense capitalized as part of plant and equipment was $4 million, $4 million and $9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
+Operating leases are included in the line items other assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease, both of which are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Leases with a lease term of 12 months or less at inception are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheet and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term in our consolidated statement of income. We determine the lease term by assuming the exercise of renewal options that are reasonably certain.
+- Special and charges for 2020 includes charges of $18.5 million, $83.3 million, $98.5 million and $53.8 million, net of tax in the first, second, third and fourth quarters, respectively.
+- ARR is currently one of the key performance metrics being used by management to assess the health and trajectory of our business.
+- The Company cannot reconcile its expected adjusted diluted earnings per share to diluted earnings per share under “Fiscal 2021 Outlook” without unreasonable effort because certain items that impact net income and other reconciling metrics are out of the Company’s control and/or cannot be reasonably predicted at this time.
+- In light of these risks, uncertainties, assumptions and factors, the forward-looking events discussed in this communication may not occur.
+- The discussion must consider changes among equity, debt, and any off-balance sheet financing arrangements.
+- Commenting on the quarter, Christophe Beck, Ecolab’s president and chief executive officer said, “Our business continues to show fundamental improvement that gives us confidence in our full year outlook.
+“We closed the year with 985 million square feet of selling space. We continue to expect organic square footage growth between three and four percent in fiscal 2012,” Holley said. “We also continue to expect net sales for fiscal 2012 to grow between four and six percent.” “Walmart is continuing the processes to finalize the acquisitions of Massmart Holdings Limited in South Africa and the Netto stores in the U.K.,” Holley explained.
+Whether you’re an experienced hunter or you’re learning the ropes, there are many differences between short bows and longbows. Both of them are excellent choices, but there’s no denying their functionality. The good news is you’re in the right place to learn all of the dissimilarities.
+When it comes to a short bow vs. longbow, short bows are better for portability and quick aiming, but longbows can shoot further and more accurately. A short bow is usually more affordable than a longbow, which is worth considering if you’re on a budget. Many longbows are twice as long as short bows.
+This article will also show you the following details about a short bow vs. a longbow:
+- Origins of each type of bow
+- Pros and cons of longbows and short bows
+- What to expect when using either of them
+- Tips for choosing the best bow for you
+Shortbow vs Longbow: Introduction and Origins
+Short bow is much more common in ancient and recent history worldwide. Their portability and quick fire rate make them useful weapons for hunting, but they used to be found in battles in many parts of the world.
+Although longbows weren’t as common, many have been found dating thousands of years old.
+If you’re thinking about getting a short bow or longbow, you’re likely interested in the history behind both weapons. It could be a deciding factor, which is why we’ve broken down each of them into separate sections.
+Here’s a quick history of short bows and longbows:
+Shortbow
+Short bows were used by Genghis Khan and his warriors. They were prized for their usability while riding horses since they didn’t limit movement.
+Unlike longbows, these didn’t cause elbow strain or clunky maneuvering. For this reason (among many others), short bows have been found in Native American Tribes, Medieval battle sites, and so on.
+These days, short bows are used for hunting, but not so much for battles. They’re not nearly as precise or impactful as modern weaponry, but their nostalgic feeling and seemingly silent arrow release make them a top choice for thousands of hunters.
+It’s safe to say hunting with a short bow isn’t going out of style any time soon.
+Longbow
+Longbows weren’t nearly as common as short bows for a few reasons. For example, they’re not the best choice for mobility or horseback riding.
+However, they date back thousands of years, much like short bows. Longbows were primarily found at stationary posts where people didn’t have to move around too much. This location provided optimal conditions for accurate firing.
+In modern times, longbows are used for hunting from far distances and large animals. They provide a powerful trajectory, thanks to the added force for additional bow and string length.
+This combination makes them a top choice for hunters who don’t want to move around too much, though many longbow hunters find them worth the wait.
+Longbow vs Shortbow: What to Expect
+Short bows are undoubtedly more popular. Any bow under 5’5” is considered a shortbow.
+With this reasoning, almost every bow worldwide is a short bow, but there are many longbows on the market if you want something bigger. Longbows aren’t only known for their size and precision, though.
+If you’ve never used a shortbow or longbow, now is a better time than ever. Bowhunting is an ever-growing sport, which is why it’s important to know the many differences between the two primary bows.
+Below, we’ll cover what you should expect when using these two different types of bows.
+Longbow
+Those who use a longbow should expect much more resistance since it requires more force to draw the string.
+However, the force translates to far-shooting and much better precision compared to short bows. Longbows are better for stationary hunters who set up a hunting blind or camouflage with their surroundings.
+The Top Archery Takedown Hunting Recurve Bow is 56 inches long and features a comfortable grip fit for right-handed archers.
+You can choose between several sizes to fit your hunting style. It has a 30” maximum draw length, a maple interior for durability, and a fiberglass exterior for optimal flexibility.
+Shortbow
+If you choose a shortbow, you should expect optimal portability, a lightweight design, and a quick firing rate.
+Short bows have been popular for horseback riding, but they’re also a great choice for turning corners or chasing an animal you’re hunting.
+Short bows are often three feet long, though some are slightly shorter, and others push up to five feet long.
+The AliArchery Turkish Bow is a top-notch example of an efficient, affordable short bow. You can choose a variant for right-handed or left-handed archers.
+This bow has between 25 to 50 pounds of force, which is more than enough for hunting small and medium-sized animals. The cow leather grip provides an ergonomic feeling while the fiberglass construction flexes without breaking.
+Longbow vs Shortbow: Performance Pros and Cons
+As with all hunting tools, short bows and longbows aren’t perfect. There are many advantages and disadvantages of using both weapons, which is why you should know both sides of the story before making your final decisions.
+Since short bows have been around longer and are more common throughout history, there have been more improvements. That being said, you shouldn’t leave longbows in the dust. The draw length and size are far from the sole differentiating factor.
+Let’s review the pros and cons of these different types of bows below.
+Pros of a Longbow
+- Longbows are much more accurate than you’d expect them to be. Their design lets you fire arrows straighter for a longer time, which means they’re much more likely to hit the target you’re hunting.
+- They can shoot significantly further than short bows. The stored energy of a longbow is quite impressive compared to a shortbow. The more pressure there is, the further you can shoot.
+- You can use heavy arrows with longbows. Heavy arrows are ideal for large animals, but they’re excellent to use when hunting any prey or target shooting. You can opt for lighter arrows if you prefer, though they won’t cause as much of an impact.
+Cons of a Longbow
+- They’re typically much more expensive than a shortbow. Since they’re intended for heavy arrows, shoot further, and cause more of an impact, you’ll have to pay more money if you want a high-end longbow.
+- Longbows are limited when it comes to mobility. You can’t run and shoot a longbow, and you definitely can’t ride a horse and fire a one unless you’re highly skilled.
+Pros of a Shortbow
+- Short bows are much better for mobility and portability. Short bows offer optimal conditions for people turning sharp corners, running, or hunting from tight spaces. It’s nearly impossible to find the same conditions and perks when using a longbow.
+- You can fire arrows much quicker from a short bow. Since the draw force and draw length are much smaller than a longbow, you can fire a short bow faster without limiting its accuracy or force.
+- Short bows are the best choice for those riding horses. While hunting when riding a horse is rare these days, it’s not impossible. If you’re hunting quick prey, it’s crucial to have the fastest shooting and sprinting as possible. Horseback hunting is best with a short bow.
+Cons of a Shortbow
+- Short bows aren’t always accurate. More draw force equates to better accuracy. Since many short bows aren’t designed with loads of force, they can’t be as precise as longbows or rifles.
+- They’re not the best choice for hunting large animals. A shortbow lacks the power and distance required to take down big prey. Even if you could strike the target, you might anger it instead of causing severe damage.
+Performance Conclusion
+When comparing a shortbow vs. a longbow, it’s impossible to say one is definitively better than the other.
+They both present excellent features you can’t find in the other, so it depends which type of hunter you are, how mobile you’d like to be, and how big of a budget you have.
+That being said, longbows are generally better for precision, while short bows are better for speed.
+When to Choose a Short Bow
+If you prefer quick firing, target practice, or you’re a beginner, short bows should be your first pick. They’re lightweight and fun to use, even if you’re not a professional. Most people who’ve excelled when using a longbow started with a shortbow.
+They’re also much more affordable, which makes them a no-brainer if you’re testing the water.
+Short bows are much more than beginner tools, though. The quick firing rate shouldn’t be overlooked, nor should the portability and capability to be used while riding a horse. These small perks make a significant difference for many archers.
+Here are some of the best short bows you can buy online:
+- AliArchery Turkish Bow Short Bow Horseback Archery Bow
+- TOPARCHERY Archery 56″ Takedown Hunting Bow
+- KESHES Archery Recurve Bow
+When to Choose a Long Bow
+Longbows provide optimal precision and distance, unlike most ancient weaponry. They’re the best choice for those seeking large prey, heavy arrows, and a unique hunting experience.
+They might be a bit pricier than short bows, but longbows have their place in the hunting industry. Since anything over 5’5” is considered a longbow, there are countless options to choose from.
+If you choose a longbow, you’ll have to deal with a heavier draw. This problem is much more apparent for smaller body frames, so keep it in your mind.
+Fortunately, you can choose a smaller draw strength to accommodate your needs.
+Here are some of the best long bows you can buy online:
+- KAINOKAI Traditional Handmade Longbow
+- KAINOKAI 60” Traditional Hunting Longbow
+- TOPARCHERY Traditional Long Bow
+Final Thoughts: Shortbow vs Longbow
+Short bows and longbows will be around for many years to come. They’re quieter than rifles, more nostalgic than most forms of hunting, and often yield a cleaner skinning and gutting process.
+Both a short bow and a long bow offer specific advantages and disadvantages. So, you should select your option precisely as this can make or break your hunting or archery practice.
+If you’re still confused as to which bow will suit you best, take a look at dickssportinggoods.com. There you’ll find the best range of short and longbows available on the market.
+More Related Articles:
+- Best Lighted Nocks
+- Best Broadhead for Hogs
+- Best Fletching Jig
+- What is a Bow Stringer
+- Single Pin vs Multi Pin Bow Sight
+- How Do You Use a Fletching Jig
+- Vertical Pin Bow Sight Vs Horizontal Pin Bow Sight
+- What Do the Pins Mean on a Bow Sight
+Originally published in the MCSA journal for 2018.
+We thought we had it all figured out. Fancy map-apps were downloaded, a step-by-step route description was at the ready, and internet forums had been trawled for the latest information. However, upon arrival in Bishop, California, it very quickly became clear that our intended hike – the Southern Sierra High Route (SoSHR) – would be totally impossible. A massive late winter snow dump had dealt our mission a crippling blow. But our minds were set – we were itching to get into the mountains! And so we ended up in a McDonald’s drinking $1 coffee (surprisingly good), cobbling together a route with the aid of a National Geographic map which would prove to be indispensable in the days to come. This is the story of two friends on two hikes.
+The idea of doing a hike in the United States was born when I decided to go on the American Alpine Club/MCSA trad climbing exchange. If I was flying halfway across the world, I might as well milk it and spend as much time as possible there. So, after three weeks of magnificent trad climbing with an amazing bunch of new friends, I split and met up with my friend Chris Arderne, who was living in Washington D.C. at the time. Together we set off from Las Vegas in a rental car, heading into the West, ready to have ourselves an adventure in the mountains.
+We had already heard down the grapevine about the large amounts of snow, but our first sight of the Sierra in eastern California really made it crystal clear. On the plus side, it was spectacular. There is something about snow-capped mountains that is beautiful and powerful – you just have to stop and stare. The snow seemed surreal though, as we had just driven through Death Valley, one of the hottest places on Earth with a record high temperature of 56.7°C. In the depths of Death Valley, we paid a visit to Badwater Basin, which, at an altitude of -86 m, is the lowest point in the US. Amazingly, only 140 km away is Mt Whitney, the highest point in the lower 48 States, at an altitude of 4 421 m. Barren deserts and alpine peaks are friendly neighbours in America – a land of natural extremes.
+Upon arrival in Bishop it was time to figure out what to do. The SoSHR, our original goal, involved 160km of off-trail navigating and scrambling and never dropping below 3 000 m. When enquiring at the ranger’s offices we were told of people coming out of the mountains reporting long, hard days ‘post-holing’ through the snow at similar, if not lower, altitudes. Too embarrassed to ask the ranger what post-holing was, I pulled Chris aside afterwards. He explained to me that as you walk through fresh powder, the snow cannot take the point load of your foot, so you are continuously punching through till you hit solid ground, leaving a trail of holes behind you.
+So, what now? Firstly, we tried to enlist the help of Stan, a local Inyo National Forest Ranger. Chris was optimistic about the knowledge and expertise of local rangers and confident they would be able to help us. Unfortunately, Stan seemed much more adept at giving us wildly enthusiastic handshakes than supplying any worthwhile information. We realised we were on our own. We bought a map and planned a possible route: we would attempt to enter the mountains via Bishop Pass, and then head south on the well-trodden John Muir Trail (JMT). We would pack enough food for six or seven days in the mountains and adjust our route based on weather and snow conditions. At this point, the trip was fraught with uncertainty. We were not even sure we would be able to get over Bishop Pass. But you never know if you don’t try, right?
+With full packs and eager spirits, we set off from the trailhead on Day One. All our food had been packed into bear canisters – another first for me. The Sierra is full of black bears, and whilst they are apparently not very dangerous, they are notorious food bandits, able to smell a tasty Clif Bar (energy bar) from miles away. Every night one must store all food, rubbish and pots in bear canisters (essentially a tough, heavy plastic tube) and stash them a safe distance from camp. It’s all very clunky and inconvenient, especially the freezing early-morning half-naked dash to get the oats and tea. Nonetheless, the novelty made for a great experience and, by keeping the bears wild, adds to the sustainability of hiking in the mountains – something I wholeheartedly support.
+On the way to Bishop Pass we very quickly started encountering the snow. The higher we got, the thicker it got. If you’re lucky, the thin re-frozen crust on top of the snow is strong enough to support your weight and you can move quickly. But then, all of sudden – wham – you’re up to your knees or even waist in snow! That’s when I started learning all about post-holing. It is very difficult to know when it’s going to happen so every step is taken in suspense. Every time you fall through it takes considerable energy just trying to get out and keep moving. Progress is slow and extremely tiring. Oh, and you can forget about keeping your pants and shoes dry.
+Full of energy we put our heads down and pushed on. Soon we were close to the top of Bishop Pass (3 649 m). Here the snow got very deep on the steep slopes. We were lucky though; people who had been exiting the mountains via the Pass had cut a path through the snow. This made our lives a lot easier and we were able to re-use a trail of post-holes without punching them ourselves. Suddenly we were on top! The view was spectacular. The post-holing was worth it, we were surrounded by snow and it was beautiful. A short while later we established camp and revelled in the pure mountain glory.
+We awoke to the crisp sound of footsteps crunching frozen snow. Two hikers passed us, moving quickly over the snow. We sheepishly realised that we had overslept and should already have been hiking – the top crust of snow is much colder and thus stronger in the mornings, reducing the chances of post-holing. We hurriedly packed up and got going. On Day Two we dropped into the main valley and linked up with the JMT. We started encountering increasing numbers of Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) hikers on their 4 270 km odyssey across the US from Mexico to Canada. We were able to get valuable information as we were heading the other way. It didn’t sound good. The upper valleys ahead were heavily blanketed in snow and some of the passes were apparently steep and treacherous. Almost all the PCT’ers were equipped with an ice axe and micro-spikes (mini-crampons for grip on snow and ice). We only had our shoes and trekking poles. Nonetheless, we would keep going and try our best.
+On Day Three our objective was Mather Pass (3 688 m) which, by some accounts, was one of the toughest passes on the JMT. After a few hours of soul-crushing post-holing we were actually quite close to the top of the Pass. And then it got steep. Chris was able to ascend without too much fuss with the tread of his new shoes, but my worn hiking shoes were completely flat underneath and could not be relied on. The only way I could ascend was by hacking out steps in the snow like the mountaineers of old and slowly, very carefully, moving up. It was nerve-wracking – a slip could have sent me sliding a long way down. Ultimately, I had to make the hard decision that I was not comfortable continuing, especially considering that we didn’t know what lay ahead on the other side of the Pass. It really sucks making decisions like that, but hey, at least we gave it our best shot.
+And so, after Chris ran up the Pass to see what we were missing on the other side (more post-holes), we turned back. In a way it was a great relief. Every day had been so uncertain till now with objectives, routes and intended mileages constantly changing. Now we knew what we were in for and, whilst we would be re-tracing our steps, it was so beautiful that we didn’t really care. The two days we spent getting back to Bishop were fantastic – cold swims in the river, observing the fearless marmots, and just being at peace in the mountains.
+Back in Bishop, after a shower and a humungous milkshake, it was time to strategise again. Our early exit meant we had time on our hands, and so we decided to head back in to the mountains. Originally, we had wanted to summit Mt Whitney, but snow conditions meant this was still unrealistic. As we were still adamant about climbing an actual peak, we designed a four-day trail that would allow us to Climb Mt Langley (4 275 m). First, we made a quick trip to the nearby Ancient Bristlecone Pine Forest, home to the oldest non-clonal organisms in world. One of the pines has been measured as 5 065 years old! I’ll be honest, beforehand I wasn’t really expecting much, but visiting the pines, and following the interesting and informative forest walk was a captivating and humbling experience. If you’re in the area, go there and be amazed by these humble-looking, yet deeply beautiful, old souls.
+With re-filled bear canisters and fresh socks, we tackled the second hike. The mountains now looked very different: the late-April high temperatures meant that the snow was melting fast. Our post-holing days were over! We flew up the passes and easily covered our planned distances. However, the lack of snow was a little bittersweet. Snowy peaks had turned into big piles of scree. The sublime beauty of the snow was gone and replaced with harsh rocky landscapes. On the other hand, it was great moving fast, and the lack of snow meant we would be able to get much higher into the mountains.
+Summiting Mt Langley (4 275 m) turned out to be quite a breeze. The route was easy to follow with massive cairns, and we were well acclimatised to the altitude. From our research we were expecting some steep-ish, exposed scrambling, but it never materialised. Following the line of least resistance, we sauntered to the summit and were rewarded with an awesome panorama with the Sierra stretching far into the north and south. It felt good to have achieved our goal, even if it was not the most daring or ambitious objective. All the while, the serenity of the mountains was juxtaposed with air force jets roaring across the sky – a stark reminder of America’s military might.
+After our return to Bishop and another celebratory milkshake, our time together in the mountains was over. We learnt that even if you plan an adventure to the tee, the situation inevitably changes, and you need to be able to roll with the punches. What we had originally planned, and what eventually transpired, were entirely different, but we made the most of what we had and gave it our all. Ultimately, any time spent exploring in the mountains with a good friend is well-spent, and so I walked away from the Sierra a happy man.
+For some two thousand years the notion has prevailed in Christendom that the NT’s central, saving figure is really a preexisting, pre-historical, pre-human, pre-earthly Person, the second member of an eternal Triune Godhead. It is admitted on all hands that this concept of God as three is nowhere stated directly in the Bible. The Oxford Companion to the Bible says, with a rather annoying British understatement, that the Trinity “cannot be easily detected within the confines of the canon.” (Cockneys would say bluntly and more honestly; It ain’t there nowhere!) But the prevailing opinion continues to assert that an eternal “God the Son” is nevertheless clearly in Scripture by implication and is to be embraced with unquestioning conviction. Failure to do this, many say, will result in being burned for ever and ever.
+Don’t let anyone tell you, “doctrines don’t matter”!
+Now this is a challenging theological world to live in. Michael Servetus paid with his life-blood for daring to question this amazing Trinitarian proposition. Calvin, the reformer, who also read the Sermon on the Mount, authorized Servetus’ judicial murder in 1553. But then John Calvin was fiercely unsympathetic to those of us “pestilent Anabaptists” (as he called them) who believed that the dead are actually dead until the resurrection. Calvin also accused the trained disciples and Apostles of Messiah of completely misunderstanding what the Kingdom of God is. Calvin, you will remember, in his commentary on Acts 1:6, “Is this the time to restore the Kingdom to Israel?” declared that in asking this question the Messiah’s students committed “more errors than there are words in that question” �� some 11 errors!
+I propose that we dissenters marshal our case against the Trinitarian dogma, which features in Christian book after Christian book, in tract after tract, and systematic theology text after systematic theology text. We are up against a huge industry and propaganda, and, I think, a colossal ecclesiastical muddle, defended by astonishing verbal complexities and obfuscations. Our task is to witness on behalf of “the only one who is truly God” (John 17:3; cp. 5:44). Jesus identified that God as his Father. I propose that we urge Bible readers to go back to the beginning as Jesus did, to explain who he is. “Beginning at Moses and all the prophets Jesus expounded to them in all the Scriptures all the things concerning himself” (Luke 24:27). Note the Messiah’s method in his Bible lecturing.
+I would like to have attended that seminar.
+It is impossible to imagine, if one has read Deuteronomy 18:15-18, that the Messiah was going to be God Himself. That text, a favorite of Peter’s and Stephen’s (Acts 3:22, 7:37), expressly states that the Messiah will not be God. The Savior is to be one who originates in the family of Israel, a prophet like Moses arising from among the Israelites. How appallingly confusing, nay, misleading, if God were then eventually to send a Messiah who was actually God Himself, existing consciously from eternity. This would be to overthrow the sacred testimony of Deuteronomy 18:15-18 and many other equally unambiguous Old Testament promises.
+The Messiah, so the Jews were informed by their holy writings — and this is their belief today — was to be “the seed of Eve,” “the star arising in Israel,” the son of Abraham and the seed of David. The record of his origin dated back to early times (Micah 5:2, NASV). He was to be born in Bethlehem, and he was to be a superior Moses. In the OT’s most celebrated divine utterance (Ps. 110:1, very prominent in the NT[3]), the Messiah was to be “my lord” (adoni). Adoni in all of its 195 appearances is never a reference to the Deity. God did not speak to God, but to His human agent. Jesus loved that psalm (Matt. 22:41-46) and used it to settle all disputes.
+If, after all, the Messiah was an uncreated eternal being, how, on this evidence, could Israel, or anyone else, have recognized the Messiah when he came, if in fact he claimed to be God Himself? No Jew would have countenanced the notion that God was going to be the son of David or of Eve! What in post-biblical times became the “orthodox,”[4]required view of the Son of God implies a tricky curveball thrown at Israel. It contradicts the plain expectations about who the Savior was to be, as described in the pages of their Holy Scripture.
+It also contradicts the earliest pages of the New Testament. Matthew has in fact not presented us with an uncreated, eternal Son. Matthew could not possibly therefore have believed in the Trinity.
+If we begin at the beginning of the New Testament we can make our case with success. Matthew has given us a detailed account of the origins of the Messiah. He is first said to be the descendant of Abraham and David (1:1), just as we would expect from the OT promises. But more than this, in Matthew 1:18 Matthew addressed the specifics of the “origin” of Jesus Christ. “Now the genesis[5] [origin, creation, origination, beginning] of Jesus was like this: When his mother, Mary, was betrothed to Joseph, before they came together, she found that she was pregnant through the action of the holy spirit.”
+What could be clearer? Matthew speaks of the genesis of the Messiah, not just his birth. Admittedly birth in the Bible, and outside, means that a new person enters into life, but genesis points to how that life originated. Matthew 1:20: “Do not be afraid, Joseph, to take your wife home, for what was begotten in her (to en autee genneethen) is from holy spirit.” Note the slightly clouded translation in our versions, “conceived.” Mary certainly did conceive but what the text emphasizes is the activity of the Father begetting, generating, initiating the life of a new person. We have already had that same verb “beget” 40 times in Matthew 1 (“so and so begat so and so”). It would be a grave contradiction of this matchless narrative to import into it the idea that in fact a previously existing Son of God was transmuted or transformed, or indeed transformed himself, into a new person or fetus. That whole idea is more akin to reincarnation. It is reminiscent of the very pagan idea that “the gods have come down to us in the likeness of men” (Acts 14:11) or of Nicodemus’ naïve question about entering from outside into the womb of one’s mother. What Matthew has described is the beginning, the origin, the creation, indeed, of a new personality in the womb of his mother. The miracle is local and historical. And that person is the Son of God. At that moment of history the Son of God comes into being. There is no suggestion that he is exchanging one form of existence for another. (All of what I have just said here, is of course, “heresy” by modern standards.)
+Gnostics are not keen on history and fact, and so the story was changed in the second century by gnostically-minded Christians. Gnostics, the first “theologians,” were the ones who sought to make Jesus less of a Jewish figure and more of a universal member of the Pantheon. This is the age-old ecumenical tendency: Let’s make Jesus a universal religious figure! Would he not then be more attractive to a greater diversity of people? What good would a Jewish Messianic Jesus be? (So the argument went.) The Gnostic twist showed good promotion techniques, maybe, but it was fundamentally false to the true, original Messiah. It promoted the ever-present danger of “another Jesus.” And that other “Jesus” was a religious figure, certainly, and he was offered as Savior, but was he the Jewish Yeshua Hamashiach (Jesus Messiah) of divine revelation, the seed of Abraham?
+So, then, a “larger-than-life” fictional, legendary dimension was added to the portrait of Jesus, superimposed on the biblical text, to the effect that the Son had not in fact been given existence in his mother’s womb but had engineered his own “conception” in Mary. A false halo was added to Jesus. He suffered the fate of other religious leaders like the Buddha. He was divinized. He was really not a human being after all but a visitor from another world. The remark of a Roman Catholic priest on TV was entirely explicable on the basis of the new, revised story: “God came to Mary one day and said ‘Mary, will you please be my mother?’” This amazing new twist on the story is reflected in the early second century when Justin Martyr begins to speak of “another God and Lord under the Creator,” arithmetically other than the Father.[6] And this Son comes, according to Justin, through Mary and no longer as Matthew says from, out of (ek) Mary (Matt. 1:16), originating in Mary.
+With this amazing alteration in the identity of Jesus, “the historical Jesus completely disappeared” (Martin Werner, The Formation of Dogma, p. 298). The same author, who was professor of Systematic Theology at Bern, Switzerland, observed that early Catholicism was really a new Hellenistic mystery religion with “Jesus” at its center.
+Professor Loofs described the changing of Jesus into God as “the camouflaged introduction of polytheism into Christianity.”[7]
+Luke’s Jesus
+Luke’s account of the beginning of the Son of God is equally clear. Neither he nor Matthew could possibly have been Trinitarians or even Binitarians, and would have been automatically disqualified from pastorship in the main denominations today. Thus Luke in his brilliant and succinct account of the visitation of Mary by Gabriel: “Holy spirit will come over you [Mary], and the power of the Most High will overshadow you, and for that reason precisely the one being begotten will be called Son of God.” “For that reason…” There is a clear causal connection between the Sonship of Jesus and his miraculous begetting. Jesus is the Son of God, not because of any prior existence in eternity (Trinitarianism) or from just before the Creation of the world (Arianism), but because he is the new creation in Mary and in history, under the direct influence of the Father through holy spirit. This, surely, is the coming into being of the last Adam. This is God’s ultimate Son, who arises as a blood descendant of David, as the prophecies demand for the Messiah. When the Solomon line was cursed in Jehoiakin (Jer. 22:28: “Is this man Coniah [Jehoiakin] a despised broken idol? Why are they cast out, he and his seed, into a land which they do not know? Oh earth, earth, earth, hear the word of God…Write this man down as childless, for none of his seed will prosper sitting on the throne of David and ruling any more in Judah”), Jehoiakin’s natural descendants were disqualified from sitting on the royal throne of Israel. Another David was apparently “borrowed” from the line from David through Nathan (Luke 3:27-31), and thus the blood line from David to Jesus was established. Jesus was related to David through his mother and legally so through his father.[8] His real Father of course was God, who undertook the New Creation of the Last Adam, and he worked within an Israelite maiden. Paul confirms that this is the proper order of events when he says that the “first Adam was of the earth, earthy; the second Adam is to be the Lord from heaven.” But “the spiritual man was not first” (see I Cor. 15:45-47).
+As early as the beginning of the second century, this story was being turned on its head: 2 Clement: “Christ, the one who saves us, being first spirit became flesh.” “That,” observes Harnack, “is the fundamental theological and philosophical creed on which the whole Trinitarian and Christological speculations [note the word!] of the Church of the succeeding centuries are built, and it is thus the root of the orthodox system of dogmatics” (History of Dogma, Vol. 1, p. 328).
+What we are proposing about Matthew’s and Luke’s understanding of who Jesus is has been powerfully affirmed by the celebrated Roman Catholic scholar, the late Raymond Brown, in his detailed work on the Birth of the Messiah (Doubleday, 1979).
+Raymond Brown and Preexistence
+He shows conclusively that neither Matthew nor Luke believed that the Son of God had existed literally before his birth. Thus these writers could not have been “orthodox” in the modern sense. For them the creation/begetting/coming into existence of the Son was by miracle in Mary. They promote a Jesus alien to the Trinitarian Jesus of post-biblical Christianity.
+The idea that Jesus merely changed form from spirit to flesh at his birth is foreign to the whole NT. “Incarnation” is in fact more like transmigration or reincarnation. If the Son was alive before his begetting he was not really born at all. Birth implies the coming into existence of a new person. Jesus, the Son of God, was not in transit between two worlds or forms of existence. His beginning was in about 2 or 3 BC.
+. The harmonization whereby a preexistent Word takes on flesh…is attested only in the [later] NT period”  “conception in Ignatius of Antioch (Hoben, Virgin Birth, 20-21); Aristides, Apology 15:1; Justin, Apology 1:21 and 33; Melito of Sardis, Discourse on Faith 4” (pp.140, 141, 142).
+“Just as one should not confuse the conception Christology found in Matthew and Luke’s infancy narratives with the preexistence Christology of John’s prologue[9]…[one cannot speak of] an incarnation in Matthew and Luke. Also one should not read ‘God with us’ in a Nicene sense, as if it were identifying Jesus with God. For Matthew Jesus is the expression of God’s presence with His people. Matthew is not one of the NT works which begins to call Jesus ‘God.’ And of course no NT work achieves the clarity of the council of Nicea in calling him ‘true God of true God’” (p. 150).
+Luke 1:35: “’Will be called’ — calling brings to expression what one is, so that it means no less than ‘he will be’ (cp. Matt. 5:9: ‘will be called Sons of God’ and Luke 6:5: ‘you will be sons of the Most High’)” (pp. 289, 290, 291).
+“The combination of spirit and power is very Lukan, occurring in Luke 1:17, 4:14, Acts 1:8, 6:5, 8, 10:38). Not knowing the rules of parallelism in biblical poetry which make it clear that ‘power from the Most High’ is synonymous with ‘Holy Spirit’ some patristic and medieval theologians thought that the ref. in 1:35, b, c, were respectively to the Third and Second Persons of the Trinity, so that ‘power’ was the Second Person descending to take flesh in Mary’s womb. As we shall see there is no evidence that Luke thought of the incarnation of a preexistent.”
+Luke 1:35: “‘Therefore’ — Of the nine times dio kai occurs in the NT, three are in Luke/Acts. It involves a certain causality and Lyonnet (L’annonciation, 61.6) points out that this has embarrassed many orthodox theologians since in preexistence [orthodox] Christology a conception by the Holy Spirit in Mary’s womb does not bring about the existence of God’s Son. Luke is seemingly unaware of such a Christology; conception is causally related to divine Sonship for him.
+“‘Will be called Son of God’ — It is tantamount to saying ‘he will be.’ And so I cannot follow those theologians who try to avoid the causal connotation in the ‘therefore’ which begins this line, by arguing that for Luke the conception of the child does not bring the Son of God into being, but only enables us to call Him ‘Son of God’ who already was Son of God.”
+“However, there is no evidence that Luke had a theology of incarnation or preexistence; rather for Luke (1:35) divine Sonship seems to have been brought about through the virginal conception …Jesus was conceived and born, and that is solidarity enough with the human race” (p. 432).
+“First, in orthodox Christian belief, Jesus would be God’s Son no matter how he was conceived, since his is an eternal Sonship not dependent upon the incarnation…In Matthew and Luke the virginal conception was connected with an articulation of the divine Sonship of Jesus” (p.529). “Both narratives develop the Christological insight that Jesus was the Son of God from the first moment of his conception” (p. 561).
+“Later Christian orthodoxy understood Jesus to have preexisted as God’s Son in a non-corporeal manner from all eternity…that view [does not correspond to any Lukan thought]” (p. 90).
+Luke and Matthew: “There is more of a connotation of creativity. Mary is not barren, and in her case the child does not come into existence because God cooperates with the husband’s generative action…Rather Mary is a virgin who has not known man, and therefore the child is totally God’s work — a new creation….I have stressed…that Luke does not think of a preexistent Son of God…Only in second-century writings do we find the Lukan and Johannine concepts combined into an incarnation of a preexistent deity (see Ignatius, Ephesians 7:2, Smyrnians 1:1, combined with Magnesians 8:2, also Aristides, Apology 15:1, Justin, Apology, 1 21, 33. Melito, Discourse on Faith, 4)” (p. 314).
+“Luke had no difficulty in stating that Jesus grew in wisdom and God’s favor…This saying caused great difficulty for later Christian theologians raised upon a Nicene Christology of eternal preexistence, for they could not admit that an incarnate Word could grow in wisdom or grace. Renie lists their theories on how such a growth could not mean a growth of grace of union or sanctifying grace, but only the exterior manifestation of a grace already possessed. Today we would see these as problems of systematic theology rather than of exegesis” (p. 483).
+I think that the backing of a distinguished NT scholar for our view of Jesus is of great value as we present Jesus to the public. We might add that Paul speaks of the Son of God who “came into existence from a woman” (Gal. 4:4; Rom. 1:3). Paul uses the word ginomai = to come into being, rather than the ordinary word “was born” (gennao). In Galatians 4:23, 29 he speaks of the birth of Esau using the normal word for birth (gennao). Paul appears to be stressing that the birth of Jesus, the Son of God was not only his birth but his entrance upon existence.
+More can be read here: Jesus, the Word of the Kingdom and the Royal Road to Immortality
+Doesn't sound like you're very discerning.
+Just lock you doors at night and save the money.
+Originally Posted by NewinSD
+Anyone want to split this thread so cclaxton isn't asking questions on a troll thread?
+Looking for a question that I asked....don't see one. I can ask one if you want.
+I am not convinced this is a troll thread.
+FluBB seems to me to just have a unique way of asking the question.
+CC
+Yeah, he seamed to redeem himself somewhat well.
+Sorry, it was matt. I guess I had my screen open to the bottom of that post and top of yours. I must've just kinda stuck the two together in my head.
+Another one I forgot to list is Hi-Point pistols...they are closer to $200. I have heard good things from owners of the Hi-points. My issue with them is the weight...low recoil, though.
+RE: Kel-Tec's- They are cheap, reliable and fairly accurate, but I personally think they have horrible triggers and are difficult to pull the slide because of strong springs. Also, because of lightweight, they have quite a kick.
+I would go for the Millenium Pro....very nice trigger, 10+1 9mm rounds, small enough to carry easily. Only issue is you have to learn to shoot it accurately...it will take some practice.
+CC
+Originally Posted by NewinSD
+Also, especially with first posts, it is better to be serious and only toss in a bit of sarcasm where it is very obvious. A post entirely based on sarcasm is never going to be useful anyone.
+Your second post was much more useful to everyone. The first was great for everyone to exercise their sarcasm skills though.
+I got the same thing from the 1st and 2nd post. the word kill was in the first that was the only real difference. I guess I just figured that he wasn't planning on going off all willie nillie shooting people.
+$300?
+Go to local gun shows. Go to your local gun stores. Haunt the online gun sales folks. Go to places like Slickguns -- get a feel for prices. Pick something close to your price range - see if you like it (grip, etc.) then make the plunge. My suggestion is a 9mm -- midsize or full size. Don't start with a small, hard to hold, pistol -- that's a good way to develop a flinch that will follow you around. Makes being accurate near impossible.
+Shooting is NOT about being "macho", nor is it about withstanding pain -- it is about putting bullets where you want them to go. It's hard to be precise when you cringe at the thought of the recoil -- that's why so many "suggestions" some folks make to women insures they will never become shooters. Men are not that different - some just pretend to be.
+I was able to score a nearly new Sig P250 compact .40 with THREE mags, SIGLITE night sights, in the case for $350 out the door. I know alot of folks have had issues with the P250 (either with malfunctions or they just plain hate the DAO trigger) but for $350 I just could not pass this one up.
+S&W Model 5906, it's a Hi Cap 9mm, Police Trade-In, at J&G Sales right now for $299. Otherwise, I would explore Ruger. They have some revolvers and a couple semi autos at that price point.
+Save your money and invest in a gun that you will never want to sell and have in all situations.
+You can pick up a surplus CZ 82 in 9X18 Makarov for about $220, pay the transfer fee and still have some money left over for practice ammo and a box of Hornady Critical Defense in 9X18. Really reliable designs.
+LCP... is the best little mouse gun for $300..
+Squeeze trigger goes bang every time ..
+Originally Posted by kompactkites
+Save your money and invest in a gun that you will never want to sell and have in all situations.
+Once upon a time I shared that thought process & gave that same advice, but over the years of military & public service around the world, I have come to the conclusion that there is no 'one' gun for 'all' situations. There certainly are 'suitable' weapons that can handle 'most' situations, but to me, & again, just MY opinion, there is no 'one' gun. BUT 'one' gun is better than 'no' gun; the advice I give now is to purchase the best weapon you can afford at the moment, that fits your immediate needs & purpose. Then save your money for the next weapon. Purchase weapons with a purpose in mind. That purpose can be simply just for range fun, or SHTF or TEOTWAWKI. For example, I like .40S&W a lot. It's a good utility round. In my 'Go-to-hell' duffle, I have a Glock 23, a Charter Arms Pitbill revolver chambered in .40 S&W, and a JRC .40 S&W Carbine. The carbine shares the Glock mags and all three weapons fire the .40S&W. I have the 9mm conversion kit for both the G23 and the carbine, and I have a G32 barrel for the G23, so essentially, I am capable of firing the 9mm, .40S&W, and the .357 Sig. The oddball weapon is my DPMS LR308 (AR10 style rifle), and it's specific purpose is the elimination of LRTs, or dropping large game. So get all the gun you can afford now for home & self defense if you have NO weapon at all. However, if you do, then do like kompactkites said, save your cash for your next purpose. ALWAYS remember that a brand name, or steep price tag doesn't make it a perfect fail safe weapon. I have a Hi Point .45 that you can drive nails with, literally, that I bought as a joke; it's a joke no more and lives in a toolbox in truck as an emergency 'go-to' weapon. I trust it. That said, I just sent a Kimber Pro Covert II back for the second time. Pick a weapon that fits your hand, and choose quality ammo, in a controllable caliber and practice with it. Concentrated shot placement makes ANY caliber deadly. Pick up a copy of Shotgun News or go to BudsGunsShop and get yourself a S&W Model 10 .38 Caliber revolver for $250. Probably the most reliable and field tested revolver ever made. Again, just my .02 worth.
+Listen to Mike.
+300$ believe it or not can actually get you a decent gun. I have read some threads claiming to like the smith and wesson sigma series in your price range I personally do not like them they have a 40 cal model that would definitely stop anybody sneaking in your house but for my money I would go with a ruger p95pr it's a 9mm but a good quality pistol in your price range a revolver at that price range but would a stupid decision if you ask me
+Well, what I bought, for $275.00 from the range I deal with, is a one year old, nice clean Glock 21 in great shape. I'm not planning to sell it, and it's a welcome addition to my little stable.
+The surplus cz-82 is an excellent weapon.So are deals to be found at gun shows and pawn shops.
+A huge tactical error I see far too many people make,,,
+They buy a fine handgun but can't afford to buy ammunition for it.
+So the gun sits in the closet and never gets used,,,
+And by that very fact the owners never become proficient shooters.
+Buy a .22 for your first handgun so you can afford ammunition,,,
+Then you can afford to go to the range and practice.
+A fine choice for a SA/DA combat plinker/trainer under $300.00 is the Bersa Thunder 22,,,
+Another fine choice (but it's closer to $400.00) would be the Ruger SR22,,,
+Either of these handguns will serve you well as a plinker/trainer,,,
+And the best ammo you can buy is only 7-cents/round,,,
+Decent Federal Bulk Packs is 3.9-cents/round.
+If you would rather have a SA Target style pistol,,,
+These five are the best choices.
+I've not listed them in any order of preference.
+Browning Buckmark = Great pistol but I found the grip to be funky.
+Ruger 22/45 Mk II or MK III = Great pistol with a 1911-ish grip.
+Beretta U22 NEOS = Great pistol with a very slender grip.
+Ruger Mk II or MK III = Great pistol with a luger-ish grip.
+S&W 22A = Great pistol with a very fat grip.
+Any of these will serve you very well,,,
+They are all reliable firearms that aren't ammo picky,,,
+Rather than sweat over which one is better, get the one that fits your hand.
+Honestly my friend,,,
+Even if your friends all have 9's or 40's, or 45's,,,
+Buy a decent .22 pistol and learn to shoot better than they can.
+My friends who I used to shoot with all chuckled at my little Bersa thunder 22,,,
+They stopped chuckling when I got to be a much better shot than they were,,,
+I became better than they were because I shot and practiced a lot more.
+Aarond
+.
+ruger 10-22
+Sure to be some commentary on Kel-Tec recommendations, but I carry a PF-9 and train with it regularly. Initially I had some issues with fail-to-feed and fail-to-eject, but following some simple instructions easily found on the web I did some minimal polishing and shot the heck out of it. Today I consider it very reliable and pretty darn accurate as far as pocket pistols go - I can keep all the holes on a pie plate at 25ft.
+Forum Rules
+Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
+Received date: June 06, 2017; Accepted date: June 16, 2017; Published date: June 23, 2017
+Citation: Nazariadli S (2017) The Effect of Museums and Tourism Operations on the Millennium Development Goals: Case of Garden War Museum of Sacred Defenses, Iran, Tehran. J Tourism Hospit 6: 292. doi: 10.4172/2167-0269.1000292
+Copyright: © 2017 Nazariadli S. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
+Visit for more related articles at Journal of Tourism & Hospitality
+In 2000, world government leaders and the United Nations assembled a resolution comprised of eight primary Goals, known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). They are the most broadly supported, comprehensive and accurate global development Goals upon which the world has ever agreed. Two principal components that the United Nations took into account when formulating these Goals were tourism and museum. With MDGs, they form an intertwined triangle, which this interplay constitutes the paper’s conceptual framework. This paper evaluates how the Garden War Museum by the adoption of United Nations Global Compact’s (UNGC) ten principles, and tourism industry practically and potentially contribute to reaching the MDGs. This study adopts the case study method to evaluate how Garden War Museum of Sacred Defenses, as a memorial war museum in Iran, Tehran, symbiotically functions with tourism towards its Goals in addressing the MDGs. Its geographical placement and a huge number of visitors highlight its importance and success over the in-situ eco-war museums in remote areas of the country. The study exercises systematic appraisal of archival records and field notes, and provides some holistic managerial recommendations and derived Golden factors in approaching the predefined MDGs.1
+Museum; UNGC; Responsible tourism; MDGs
+Museums operations eliminate economic problems
+The Iran-Iraq War, known in Iran as either the Imposed War or Holy Defense, broke out on 22 September 1980. Iraq invaded Iran by air and by land and lasted for eight years which eventually ended in August 1988. This war, as the second longest war fought in the Twentieth Century (after Vietnam), resulted in the deaths of over half of a million soldiers and civilians, with much more injured [1]. Notwithstanding, it contributed to neither reparations nor a change in borders. Saddam Hussein, the war commander and president of Iraq at the time, showed brutality and killed numerous innocent women and children, especially in the southern parts of Iran - in Khorramshahr, Abadan, and Ahvaz, where demolished buildings are still extant. The Iraqi government used chemical weapons extensively against Iranian troops and civilians. These weapons killed many, but they also infected people with deadly diseases that have been passed along to subsequent generations [2].
+Ever since those unfortunate years, mental, social, environmental and economic development has been a priority. The Iranian government endeavored to reconstruct damaged structures, extend literacy, and improve the health and welfare of the population and reduce poverty [3]. However, unfortunately, another war is now softly inflicting Iranians, that is, the economic sanctions and embargos which have led to the economic downturn and depression. Fortunately, tourism is one industry that cannot be banned or restricted, but if well harnessed, brings about equal prosperity and growth [4]. Indeed, when tailored and innovative initiatives are advanced, tourism has the potential to sustain wealth, as well as social and environmental benefits. In this vein, the Iranian government devised plans to mature the Museum potentials with the tourism industry.
+Given governmental support and financial incentives, several eco-museums have been established in once-upon-a-time battlefield regions. The sense of these places has been used to enliven the memories of the martyrs of the Iran-Iraq eight years of sacred defenses especially in the minds of those who had not observed the War. Since many of the sites chosen for these museums were situated in remote, peripheral and almost uninhabitable areas of the country afflicted with the hot and adverse weather, they did not attract the expected number of visitors. Consequently, the Museums emerged to be unappealing and unprofitable [5]. However, the government felt that possibly if visitors realized that these localities and associated operations potentially contribute to the society, such impediments would not have become deterrents and overcome by visitors.
+Therefore, the Iranian government resolved to establish war museums across the more habitable areas of the country in an effort to intrigue more visitors and raise awareness. Thus, the biggest war museum in Iran opened in 2010, under the direct control and support of the Municipality of Tehran. The Museum’s centralized management and location in the nation’s most populous capital city ended up to its advantage in attracting more visitors through its convenience and accessibility. Firstly, via a wide variety of operations, the War Museum in Tehran, has delicately and efficiently disseminated information about war culture and the Iran-Iraq War. Secondly, it has achieved its optimum Goal of generating income and employment, which in turn caters the stakeholders, victims of the War, as well as other needy people.
+No doubt that the stagnation of the War eco-museums in remote areas of Iran sprung from the fact that they hardly could attract visitors and endure operational difficulties and necessities. This wisdom leads us to believe in the role of tourism in the sustainable development of museums. Museums rely on/create networking and relationship building, and it can play a dominant leadership role in reaching MDGs by steering visitors towards responsible travel [6]. Museums, on the other hand, can help to achieve MDGs by applying the ten strategies of the
+United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) - Museums have the potential to help reach MDGs, but cooperation with the tourism industry makes MDGs even more accessible (Figure 1).
+Theoretical background
+Millennium development goals: Millennium development Goals (MDGs) was developed as a response to the most challenging issues on the planet threatening the environment and the human beings [7]. In September 2000, world leaders of 189 countries assembled in the United Nations’ Headquarter in New York for the Millennium United Nation’s Summit. In the end of Summit, the world leaders signed a declaration, honing and narrowing down world’s most pressing issues, under framework of world’s priorities. Thereafter, the UN General Assembly mandated the Kofi Annan, to scheme a long-term roadmap towards reaching the eight defined goals, targeting education, poverty, health and environment, while emphasizing the collaboration between nations.
+The MDGs are categorized under eight overarching goals namely as: Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education; Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women; Goal 4: Reduce child mortality; Goal 5: Improve maternal health; Goal 6: Combat HIV/Aids, Malaria, and another disease; Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability; Goal 8: Global partnership for development. It then followed by eighteen quantitatively-evaluative targets in order to effectively measure the impact and the advancement of the MDGs based on the agreed-upon roadmap around the world. However, there are some other UN-established rules and strategies which have not been measured in terms of their impact on the MDGs achievements.
+United Nations Global Compact strategy (UNGC): The UN Global Compact is a strategic policy initiative for businesses that are committed to aligning their operations and strategies with ten universally accepted principles in the areas of human rights, labor, the environment, and anti-corruption [8]. By aligning with these principles, businesses can help ensure that markets, commerce, technology, and finance advance in ways that benefit economies and societies everywhere [9]. The Global Compact pursues two complementary objectives:
+• Mainstream the ten principles in business activities around the world
+• Catalyze actions in support of broader UN Goals, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
+Potentially, via the application of its ten principles, museums can ultimately join global efforts to alleviate poverty [10]. However, by taking into account specific activities and the extent of their impacts, museum operators can also adjust operations to serve their communities better. Its impact over MDGs expands imaginations and allows managers, workers, suppliers and all stakeholders to behave systematically, navigate towards certain Goals, and keep aware of business’s direct and indirect multifaceted impacts [6]. Besides, UNGC strategy is broken up into four chapters of Human Rights, Labour, Environment, and Anti-corruption [9].
+Previous experiences: The museums of Malawi
+Malawi is a small country in Southern Africa with a population of approximately thirteen million. It is one of the ten least developed countries in the world. Malawi faces many challenges, such as high rates of HIV/AIDS and Malaria, hunger, illiteracy, poverty, and so forth. The rural areas, where over 80% of the population lives below the poverty line and over 50% are illiterate [11]. The Association of Museums in Malawi initiated a plan for the poverty eradication in the country. First, the Association started by visiting fifteen schools and asking over 900 schoolchildren to name the most significant issue they faced in their lives. The resounding response was poverty. Furthermore, this organization asked schoolchildren and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) whether they knew how to take action against poverty or if they had knowledge of any ways that culture could iron out their problems. This activity led to the production of Culture Connection, a magazine that represented the children’s beliefs, through poetry and storytelling. The produced pieces of art portrayed children’s feelings on how culture can combat poverty [12].
+Poverty was on the increase, and more and more children could not advance into high academia or obtain professional qualifications due to inadequate educational facilities. Furthermore, the expressive arts were not emphasized in schools and, to a large extent, teachers neglected to teach the arts. This oversight resulted in little to no appreciation of arts, which might otherwise have been a source of employment and income. In response, the Association of Museums planned new expressive arts programs in music, dance, drama, poetry, literature, and painting. This took place in a few museums to utilize culture as a contributor in developing children’s talents. Besides to hasten the creation of new jobs and industries, to reduce unemployment problems and to attract tourists who would then bring foreign currency to the country [13].
+This process resulted in the creation of popular music bands, dramatists like Isaac and Jacob, and literary artists like Phiri. The Museum Village Cultural Troupe traveled to many countries in Europe and Africa and made astounding achievements. Young women and men have been employed in various ways through their talents, and many visitors enjoyed visiting the Museums of Malawi to learn about traditional Malawian culture. These are some of the ways that museums have brought development opportunities to Malawi [11,12].
+Sample, data collection, and analysis
+The Unit of analysis for this study is the Garden War Museum in Tehran, Iran, and the unit of observation is the list of activities, recorded systematically in a monthly internally published booklet at the Museum. The researcher, while being a student at Tehran University, in Iran, collected data by complying with the national and local laws, norms and rules in conducting an ethical study with/on human beings. However, after receiving the local approvals, he needed to meet with the local security officers and principal managers, to prove sincerity and research’s significance and goodness. This was critical to reaching the gatekeepers, as the security of information in such museums are highly relevant, and the internal university-based and local permissions do not suffice and necessarily mean access to the sensitive information.
+The archival appraisal of the records was done at the Museum while accompanied with informal chats with museum directors and staff who were keeping the internal information kept secure and for internal use only. The process encompassed nine sessions of meeting and hand notes of the available and accessible materials, while always a staff accompanied the researcher. Averagely each meeting and note takings was done between 3-4 hours during the staff working hours. The data was then transcribed and compared to the ten principles of UNGC, to see how the Museum operations fall within these principles and further implicated the MDGs. This cross comparison then was checked with the Museum staff, in order to increase the credibility of the results and interpretations. Proof-reading and the refinement of interpretations for the taken for granted beliefs were also done with two graduate students at the Tehran University. To be explicit, the research data was collected in 2011, in Summer and months of June and July.
+Analysis of activities performed at the garden war museum of sacred defenses, Iran
+To measure the breadth of positive/negative impacts of the Garden War Museum of Sacred Defenses in society, this study examines sample Museum’s activities to show which MDGs have been affected by the implementation of UNGC principles. The charts and tables below reveal results that could be models for museum developers and policy-makers. What is more, all activities conducted by the Museum are classified into two groups: core activities that are not unique to the Museum, and activities that would be uniquely undertaken by museums.
+UNGC Chapter one: Distinctive Activities Germane To Human Rights.
+Principle 1: “Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights.”
+Principle 2: “Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses.”
+12-1) Provision of healthy and safe work environment: Reasonable access to potable water and sanitary facilities, fire safety, and adequate lighting and ventilation (this impacts MDG 6).
+1-2) Nondiscriminatory treatment in personnel practices: Supporting pregnant women through regular monthly payments until they are able to resume work securely. Women will not be at risk of losing their jobs while on leave (this impacts MDGs 3 and 4).
+1-3) Respecting wage and work-hour laws: Comply with national regulations relating to minimum wages, overtime, maximum hours, and other elements of compensation (this impacts MDG 1).
+1-4) Elimination of child labor: Has followed child labor laws enacted by the United Nations since the construction of the Museum complex (this impacts MDG 4).
+1-5) Compulsory displacements of staff: Unfortunately, the Iranian Museum organizational bureau experienced an unpleasant move to the province of Shiraz, which staff and stakeholders have criticized (this impacts MDG 7).
+1-6) Female employment strategy: There are equal recruitment opportunities for both males and women but, in accordance with religious regulations, women must cover themselves properly (his impacts MDG 3).
+23-1) Aiding holders of war culture: The Garden War Museum, which is supported by the Tehran Municipality, has devoted money earned annually to the families of the martyrs and war-handicapped people (this impacts MDG 1 and 2).
+2-2) Religious Accommodations: There is a mosque called “Release of Khorramshahr,” which serves as a monument in the city center and is devoted to Islamic rituals.
+2-3) Results of construction: The building of the Museum began with a deforestation project in 2006 in an area of about 20 square hectares in Abbas Abad Hills district. It caused some residents of this enormous area to find lodging elsewhere in Tehran without any proper foresight and pre-considerations (this impacts MDG 7).
+2-4) Affordability to the poor: There are many mementos and souvenirs priced from low to high and also some inexpensive restaurants, temporary accommodation and affordable public transportation. The entrance fee includes same-day admission to the Garden War Museum complex, and there is no extra charge for its eight leading permanent exhibitions (this impacts MDG 1).
+2-5) Preferences in recruitment: In this case, the government regards the recruitment of martyrs’ families and children suited for museum operations as a positive attribute (this impacts MDGs 1, 3 and 4).
+Findings: By applying the sub-categories of the Human Rights section, we see that the Garden War Museum contributes to the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 6th and 7th MDGs.
+UNGC Chapter Two: Distinctive Activities Germane To Labor.
+Principle 3: “Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining.”
+Principle 4: “Businesses should uphold the elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labor.”
+3-1) Freedom of association: The Museum respects the rights of employees to associate, organize and bargain collectively in a lawful and peaceful manner, without penalty or interference (this impacts MDG 8).
+3-2) International collaboration: Some of the technologies and systems used in the Garden War Museum, such as the high-tech installations in the main pool, the dancing fountains, IMAX cinema, outdoor laser movies, managerial systems, and architectural materials, were imported from friend countries. This shows that international collaboration is common in the Museum (this impacts MDG 8).
+3-3) Educational collaboration: Schools and military universities have the opportunity to promote educational training classes, exhibit their achievements, and do research projects (this impacts MDG 2 and 8).
+4-1) Forced labor precautions and prohibitions: The employment contracts are transparently and openly written and printed in both English and Persian languages, including the outlook and procedures of conditions of sustaining and/or leaving the job position (this impacts MDG 4).
+4-2) Immigrants’ labor status: Since Afghan people constitute the highest number of immigrant workers in the country, there is a policy of strictly checking all Afghans’ identity and health cards until any type of forced labor disappears (this impacts MDG 6).
+Findings: By applying principle 3 of the Labor section, the Museum contributes to the 2nd and 8th MDGs. By applying principle 4 of the Labor section, it contributes to the 4th and 6th MDGs.
+Principle 5: “The effective abolition of child labor.”
+Principle 6: “the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation.”
+5-1) Enforcing the minimum age of National labor law: The minimum age for workers in the Museum is eighteen. In addition to enforcing the minimum age requirement, the Garden War Museum avoids peddlers and beggars from the Museum settings (this impacts MDGs 4, 6 and 7).
+5-2) Developing job skills and education: The children removed from the Museum for peddling or begging are now in the shelter of the National Organization of Children, where they receive educational and vocational training (this impacts MDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8).
+5-3) Reducing illiteracy: Two education and literacy centers are allocated for the children of war, aged 4-10, 10-14 and 14-17. In these centers, the children work to improve their writing and reading skills along with their social behavior. Moreover, there is a military vocational center adjacent to the literacy centers that serves those who want to gain practical experience and exercise with the military (this impacts MDGs 2, 4 and 8).
+5-4) War the gloomy phenomena: There are some shows and illustrative galleries in the second salon (Wonder Salon) of the Museum, which show how orphaned children of the imposed war were dismayed and confronted with horrific scenes (this impacts MDG 4).
+5-5) Promoting research: The Garden War Museum has one of the most advanced institutes, where comprehensive investigations are undertaken. This institute hosts enthusiastic researchers who study various aspects of war, including orphaned children. (This impacts MDGs 4 and 8.)
+6-1) Employment strategies: There are clear, written criteria for employment that indicate the necessary qualifications, skills and social communication abilities for various positions. However, there is still an ambiguous job interview process that reveals the presence of religious beliefs and some hidden preferences (this impacts MDG 1).
+6-2) Employment advertising: There are tangential job announcements in local and national media.
+6-3) Complaints: The Museum welcomes suggestions and criticism with openly through its well-designed website.
+6-4) Training programs: The majority of staff periodically receive up-to-date training sessions through technical and language programs as well as information campaigns. By this, employees can discuss recent challenges they have faced by their jobs, which increases promotion opportunities and makes the business more competitive (this impacts MDGs 1 and 2).
+6-5) Disabled-friendly environment: The Garden War Museum is designed as a memorial to the Sacred Defenses, which resulted in a half million martyrs and disabled people. Consequently, the Museum was strategically planned and constructed to support the disabled and elderly experience the garden without problems (this impacts MDG 5).
+6-6) Recruitment of talented individuals: Throughout the entire process of the Museum establishment, staff input and stakeholder involvement were sought. From the development of ideas to the advanced stages of planning, and throughout the promotional phases, the Museum took steps to recruit young talented persons in the form of “recent graduates and skilled workers” announcements (this impacts MDGs 1, 3 and 8).
+6-7) Stakeholders’ association: In every part of the Museum process, especially in decision-making processes, representatives of the War, who are the real stakeholders of the Garden War Museum, take part and have an advisory and consulting role (this impacts MDGs 1, 3, 5 and 8).
+6-8) Recruitment of the disabled: Several disabled individuals currently work at the Museum, for example, as accountants, war consultants, and limited tour guides (this impacts MDGs 1 and 8).
+Findings: By applying principles 5 and 6, we see that the Museum contributes to the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th and 8th MDGs, respectively.
+UNGC Chapter Three: Distinctive Activities Germane To Environment
+Principle 7: “Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges.”
+Principle 8: “Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility.”
+Principle 9: “encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies.”
+7-1) Environmental Goals: Policies in the areas of waste, energy, water and ecosystems. The Museum has minimized its negative impact on the environment and encouraged environmentally responsible behavior among employees, guests, customers and business partners. All the activities comply with indicators defined by the International Organization of Standardization (14001) (this impacts MDGs 1, 6, 7 & 8).
+7-2) Transparent and accessible code of conduct: There is an ethical and responsible code with respect to labor standards, working conditions, health and the environment (this impacts MDGs 6 and 7).
+8-1) Communication with host community: The Museum offers workshops and information campaigns, two-way communications (through SMS), and sober consideration of inquiries and complaints, particularly environmentally related concerns (this impacts MDGs 7 and 8).
+9-1) Development of green technologies: The Museum uses green technologies such as the application of photovoltaic cells, a solar powered umbrella, solar powered ground light, disposable bowls and cutlery and few others (this impacts MDGs 1, 6, 7 and 8).
+9-2) Green publicity: The Museum struggles to perform its environmentally responsible endeavors through exhibitions, awareness campaigns, lectures, guided tours, publications and information services. These publicity endeavors familiarize the users with the Museum’s environmental activities (this impacts MDGs 7 and 8).
+Findings: By applying the sub-categories of the Environment section, the Museum contributes to the 1st, 6th, 7th and 8th MDGs.
+UNGC Chapter Four: Distinctive Activities Germane To Anti-corruption.
+Principle 10: “Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery.”
+10-1) Staff training on Museum’s anti-corruptive policies: There is an ethical code of conduct that explains company policies regarding extortion and any kind of exploitation based on position, wage and so forth (this impacts all MDGs).
+10-2) Overall monitoring: Government ambassadors conduct inspections of the operational parts of the Museum. The inspections extend to personnel from the head of the organization to a variety of support positions and include all parts of the Museum that have monetary exchanges and control (this impacts all MDGs).
+Findings: By applying the Anti-Corruption section, we see that the Museum contributes to all MDGs, in a sense that its ability to prevent corruption, it invigorates all departments to achieve their Goals.
+This preliminary assessment has given us a broad vision of how activities can be categorized, strengthened or corrected. The following charts and tables shed further lights on this assessment.
+Figure 2 shows the scale of activities in the four areas of Labor, Human Rights, Environment and Anti-corruption in the Garden War Museum of War, Iran, Tehran. The magnitude of activities delineated in the four areas varies considerably. Nonetheless, not surprisingly, the majority of the activities have been carried out in the area of Labor, where the remaining areas account for nearly half of the entire activities at the Museum.
+The second most involved area was Human Rights, which accounted for 29.4% of activities. The third most active area of engagement was Environmental Responsibility, which accounted for 13.7% but still has room for improvement. The range of Anti-Corruption activities, with the rate of just 7.2%, showed least promisable area. Taken all together, though, the breadth and depth of these activities could ultimately establish a right balance and help to meet its ultimate manegerial Goals.
+Figure 3 shows which group of people has been most affected by museum operations by activities carried out in five recognized areas of engagement in the Garden War Museum of War. It can help museum operators to evaluate if they have reasonably and equally served the target groups. It seems that four areas satisfactorily operated. In total, activities have been implemented at a rate of 50% in the categories of Host Community Support, Customer Service, and Stakeholders’ Involvement.
+With a total fourteen activities, Internal Management has held the highest number of activities. The second most successful area is Host Community Support. Success in this area is a particularly positive thing—, especially for war culture stakeholders. The second highest range of activities has been carried out in the Stakeholders’ Involvement sector. Both this area and the Customer Service have implemented many activities that have the power to affect clients and tourists. With only 5 identified actions, Suppliers’ Relation sector demonstrated stagnancy and need for further considerations.
+According to the Table 1, all MDGs have been achieved through activities, though some of them have been easier to work out than others. It shows that G1 has been the most attainable Goal for the Museum and that it should also be the easiest to reach for a majority of businesses, which reveals why, in the Global Compact, the United Nations has emphasized business’s potential role in eradicating poverty. By contrast, G5 has been identified as the least benefited area, which merits further consideration.
+Table 1: Access to the MDGs and communication with principles and engagement areas (based on current study).
+Internal management employed most of the UNGC principles and reached most of MDGs in a majority of enterprises, while Stakeholders’ Involvement is the same in Museum operations. On the one hand, when compared to the Figure 3, Internal Management’s 14 activities are relatively well distributed and only exclude a few principles. On the contrary, despite satisfying figures, Figure 3 shows that Customer Service is the area of least engagement, and it only supports Principle 6. The same can be said for the Museum in the suppliers’ Relations area (Table 1).
+Most activities related to Principle 1 have supported most MDGs, with six Goals that could apply to a preponderance of businesses and five Goals that are unique to museums (Table 1). This demonstrates that organizations should adhere to human rights in order to better serve their respective communities and societies. Perhaps the Canadian government has already taken this into consideration, as it is about to establish a Human Rights museum with huge investments [6].
+Further, along with Principle 1, Principle 5 has been the greatest grantor to a majority of organizations (Table 1). In contrast, Principle 4 has only committed to G6, which shows that the Museum should develop and add a variety of activities to this area. Overall, the current study indicates that museums and businesses develop and make positive impacts on the quality of life of societies when they implement UNGC strategies. Further, this study suggests valuing and recognizing the below nine Golden factors, derived from this study, which would alter the overall planning success and outcomes of the Museums:
+1. Museum type
+2. Museum extension (physical development and recognition)
+3. Museum Locality
+4. Enthusiasm and dedication of workers and managers
+5. Pre-defining and listing immediate and ultimate Goals
+6. Volunteerism as a vehicle in helping societies and boosting museum access and performance
+7. Capability to create partnership with suppliers, entrepreneurs, and investors
+8. Regular supervisory control
+9. Tourism cooperation.
+However, some distinct factors are more vital than others in promoting the Garden War Museum, which is situated in a highly polluted area in the middle of the dynamic capital city of Iran, Tehran. Moreover, due to its location and the extent of its environmental responsibility, environmental prosperity should be one of the Museum’s highest priorities. Also, this museum is expected to be a meritorious delegate of both the survivors and the martyrs of the Iran- Iraq War, so host community support and stakeholder involvement should be considered a high priority. After all, museums with step-bystep plans, vigorous performance measurement, and a commitment to the first eight Golden Factors can better visualize and achieve their predefined Goals (Golden factor 5).
+However, one factor that remains out of reach for museums is collaboration and mutual benefit with the tourism industry, which can only be provided through the efforts of the tourism industry. Without the cooperation of the tourism industry, all of the efforts of museums will be unfruitful while there is no community participation and enjoyment [14]. Tourists are clients both for museums and the tourism industry. As mentioned above, some eco war museums were established in peripheral areas across Iran, but they failed to attract many tourists. However, their failure led to huge financing opportunities for the Garden War Museum in the capital city, which has been effective to reach a large audience, disseminate the culture of war, and accordingly gain more profits. This shows the vital role of tourism in making museums productive.
+Due to current events and the economic crisis that has gripped many countries around the world, planning and finding alternatives and appropriate financial solutions, in particular with the aid of cultural heritage and tourism, has been welcomed by governments around the world. Developing countries that do not have precious objects to exhibit have found intangible heritage to be useful and have started to share their cultures as well [15].
+Overall, museums have been brought to light as significant contributors to cultures and economies, capable of providing prosperity in their communities. Notwithstanding, new types of museums appear every day around the world. These new institutions have advanced upon the slightest assets to create and display cultural legacies. But positive attitude is not the measure of success and taking advantage of museum potentials require delicate operational strategies and multilateral business plans.
+Based on the current study, museums that meet their own operating obligations and wish to achieve MDGs, either internally or externally, may contribute to society by:
+• Implementing the United Nation Global Compact strategies (UNGC-ten principles),
+• Implementing activities within the scope of UNGC principles that would, in turn, benefit different MDGs,
+• Defining museum’s uniqueness and competitive advantages in achieving its ultimate Goals,
+• Evaluating activities by area of engagement,
+• Disseminating evaluation results to the public and take actions to strengthen weak areas,
+• Considering the nine Golden Factors,
+• Clarifying museum policies with regard to benefiting individual segments of society,
+• Provisioning essential infrastructures for attracting tourists,
+Tourism can help museums by:
+• Clarifying tourists’ role in benefiting societies,
+• Defining tourist obligations before, during and after museum visits,
+• Planning for cooperative responsibilities with the Museum,
+• Helping and co-devising strategies with host communities in being hospitable and ready towards the potential tourists,
+• Explaining museum heritage through advertising and outreach,
+• Providing sustainable visits and usage plans to the Museum,
+• Having contracts with museums which are non-profit, is set up and operated with community members, in a fashion through which brings about prosperity into local communities,
+• Identifying the role of tourism in the environmental, economic and social sustainability.
+Once a museum has properly completed its managerial obligations, it will still only be able to achieve its ultimate Goals if tourism fulfills its role. Per UNWTO declaration [16], with respect to economic, social and environmental profits, tourism can help businesses to reach the UN Goals through:
+• Incorporating a Global Code of Ethics for Tourism into their business management strategy,
+• Supporting an ST-EP project,
+• Utilizing Hotel Energy Solution tools,
+• Protecting children in tourism,
+• Following the Tour Operators Initiative (TOI),
+• Offering responsible travel.
+The last item seriously impacts museums. Inbound and domestic tourists, or clientele of any type, boost the overall influence of museums if they act like a responsible traveler. Responsible travel is travel with a purpose, and it requires choosing destinations, accommodations, and tour operators that work to protect the environment and benefit local cultures and communities [17]. In the case of museums, the responsible traveler does not choose private museums but rather chooses to patronize ethnic or community-beneficial museums that have clear policies about their undertakings. Travelers who hire tour operators should be aware of which operators have contracts or share common Goals with these kinds of museums and try to be cognizant of the effect of middle-men in directing unequal prosperity into communities [18].
+A responsible traveler does not displace or remove expensive items from the Museum space; s/he uses environmentally friendly technologies to support green policies. Moreover, when spending money in a museum, the responsible makes sure that his/her expenditures will benefit recognized communities. Responsible travelers are familiar with their own obligations, and they plan their trip accordingly. However, it does not end there; they continue to be responsible travelers after their return by describing their experiences to friends and family, conducting further research on their destination’s heritage, writing, conferencing, sharing pictures of the destination, adding affiliate charity organizations, etc. [19].
+These activities complement all fundamental museum-based efforts and fulfill both immediate and ultimate Goals. While the presence of tourists in significant numbers is necessary, responsible tourists go a long way toward proving that quality matters more than quantity.
+1The data was collected and drafted in 2011. During author’s transition to the U.S. there might have been changes in the musseum’s operations. Therefore it issuggested that this study be viewed as a model and approach to evaluation rather than findings per se.
+21-n) means unique to principle 1
+32-n) means unique to principle 2
+THE
+NEW NAZIS DESCEND ON PRAGUE
+Dateline
+Ist February 2009
+In November 2008 a group of largely
+eurofederalist MEPs who regard the aspirations of the Czechs to be a democratic
+self governing nation state as preposterous (just as Hitler did!) descended on
+Prague and behaved like a bunch of Nazi thugs, attacking the Czechs right to self
+determination, insulting the President and dictating to the Czech Government.
+The group, not surprisingly, included by far the worst of the British fascist
+MEPs the "Liberal Democrat" (sic) Andrew Duff who although not officially
+included, paid for himself and attached himself to the party which descended on
+Prague. The Czech President Vaclav Klaus, like most Czechs, understands
+the reality of "German Europe" not just from their war time experiences
+and the German occupation of the Sudetenland which was one of the sparks for that
+war but sees in the rules of the European Union (free movement of citizens, European
+citizenship, rules on "minorities" etc etc) a German ruse to re occupy
+part of their country. It was of course the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl
+who persuaded the Slovaks (war time fascist allies of Hitler who uniquely volunteered
+to send Jews to the concentration camps!) to split with the Czechs in the early
+1990s. (What a disgrace that Buckingham Palace should allow an official visit
+by the Queen to that "country" recently rejoicing in the break up of
+Czechoslovakia while we attack our historic anti fascist allies in Prague and
+Belgrade!) The disgraceful meeting in Prague described below included
+the MEP Daniel Cohn Bendit one of the organisers of Marxist riots on student campuses
+in France and Germany in the 1970s. Vaclav Klaus recognised in him the same Russian
+soviet Socialist dictator out of whose clutches the Czechs and other East Europeans
+had escaped in 1989! Just as Stalin and Hitler could make friends - for a time
+- so the Marxists and Fascists in the present European Parliament combine today
+to crush democratic nations on the altar of the new Euro-State, believing that
+in the end they and not the others will control that State! The Irish MEP Brian
+Crowley, (claiming he knew that the Irish vote against the Lisbon Treaty did not
+reflect what the Irish people thought!) was a prime example of the fascist type
+of Irish politician which we have exposed on this website before: click here
+The aggression of so many of that class against the Czechs demonstrate where Irish
+Europoliticians stand in the democratic nations versus eurofascism divide.
+So the Czechs and President Klaus took over the Presidency of the European
+Union for 6 months in January 2009. That strutting action man Sarkozy (hated even
+by his own countrymen) refused to attend the Presidency handover and the Czechs
+added insult to his ambitions by saying that the Lisbon Treaty was not "one
+of the priorities of our presidency".
+The French have tried to
+marginalise the smaller EU states in general and the Czech Republic's Presidency
+in particular. Former French Europe Minister Jean-Pierre Jouyet has declared in
+Libération that, with regards to the Czech Presidency, "France and
+other countries will take initiatives: no one can prevent member states from meeting,
+notably at the level of the eurozone." (the Czechs are not part of the Euro-zone)
+In
+response the Czechs have refused to fly the EU flag over Prague castle, saying
+"the EU flag doesn't fly at the seats of the Heads of State of Italy, Belgium,
+Lithuania, Sweden or the United Kingdom. Also, one should understand the Czech
+sensibility with regards to this subject: for forty years, red flags had to be
+placed here, not only at official buildings but also at homes".
+The
+British MEP Ashley Mote attended the meeting of the MEPs with the Czech President.
+"Only Hanne Dahl and I were willing to talk to the Czechs as equals. The
+others treated the government officials and parliamentarians we met as naughty
+schoolboys in need of a firm lecture on their responsibilities .........They were
+told more than once that their presidency would not be credible and might not
+even be allowed to proceed. The Czechs were also threatened with the loss of a
+Commissioner next year if they failed to ratify."This is his report:
+The
+Czechs have a potentially catastrophic problem with the Lisbon Treaty. If Lisbon
+is ratified they face a potential claim which could cost them about a quarter
+of the country's entire wealth (the effective German annexation of the Sudetenland).
+The Czech Republic has overwhelming reasons to reject it. And their president
+knows it well.
+These problems got a thorough and tendentious airing during
+a visit to Prague earlier this month (November 2008) by a delegation from the
+European Parliament's Constitutional Affairs committee. The visit was made for
+two reasons. First, in January the Czech Republic takes over the presidency of
+the European Council from France, and holds it for the first six months of 2009.
+Secondly, not before, and maybe not even during the presidency, the Czech government
+will not ratify the Lisbon treaty. At present the Czechs are one of only four
+countries not to do so. (The others are Poland, Ireland and Germany - not that
+this is often mentioned by the eurofascist elites in the BBC, the Financial Times
+and the Guardian newspaper! -ed)
+The EP's delegation was made up of federalists
+determined to pressure the Czech Republic's incoming presidency of the council,
+and two sceptics - myself and Hanne Dahl from Denmark. The federalists included
+the chairman of the committee, Joe Leinen (German socialist), Johannes Voggenhuber
+(Austrian Green) Andrew Duff (who introduced himself everywhere as a European
+federalist rather than a British lib-dim and paid for himself to go, he was so
+desperate) Inigo Mendez de Vigo, Spanish Christian Democrat, and several others
+from all sides of the political spectrum, and all pro the Lisbon Treat.
+Duff
+wanted to be on the delegation but it was not his "turn". Another member
+of his political group was entitled to the seat, so he paid his own way. You can
+now see why. What was worse was the chairman (Leinen) giving Duff so much time
+in our meetings when he wasn't even supposed to be there! No other member was
+a self-financing volunteer (For more details of the obnoxious Andrew Duff's crusade
+to destroy Britain and the other democratic nations of Europe see)
+Only Hanne Dahl and I were willing to talk to the Czechs as equals. The
+others treated the government officials and parliamentarians we met as naughty
+schoolboys in need of a firm lecture on their responsibilities as from January
+2009, and their inadequacy and incompetence in not having completed the Lisbon
+ratification process before taking over from France. They were told more than
+once that their presidency would not be credible, would hold the EU in contempt,
+and might not even be allowed to proceed. The Czechs were also threatened with
+the loss of a Commissioner next year if they failed to ratify.
+The tone
+and attitude of the pro-Lisbon delegates was at times disgraceful. At one hugely
+embarrassingly moment Andrew Duff called the Czech government deluded if they
+thought they could change Lisbon or hold the presidency without signing. Indeed,
+he suggested the Irish might be told they would not hold the presidency at all
+"even when it was their turn" if they did not sign Lisbon. He did not
+take that idea further and speculate on the reaction in Ireland to such a threat.
+Later,
+Duff described the President of the Czech Republic as getting no better than a
+Beta Minus for his submission to the Czech Constitutional Court on the options
+open to the country when deciding on the potential conflict of interest if they
+(he, that is) signed the Lisbon Treaty. It was a breathtaking insult to the head
+of a sovereign nation - arrogant,totalitarian pressure, ruthlessly applied by
+a supposed guest in their country. Only a week or so previously the Czech president,
+Vaclav Klaus, told dinner held by the Bruges Group "ever closer union must
+be reversed. We are not just an EU province."
+A first meeting with
+the deputy prime minister yielded little beyond pleasantries, and a working breakfast
+with the lower house of the Czech parliament also revealed little because no simultaneous
+translation was available. Later we had meetings with a group of academics and
+students of constitutional law at the university.
+During our meeting with
+the Czech lower house, Mendez de Vigo was particularly forgetful. He tried to
+suggest that the national parliaments will get more power from Lisbon, but forgot
+to mention that they still cannot change a word of any regulation. He then pointed
+out that the symbols of the union had been dropped from Lisbon, but forgot to
+mention they have just be reintroduced by the back door through the very same
+committee's Constitutional Affairs.
+Tensions shot up even higher, however,
+when the vexatious problem of the Sudeten-Germans arose at a meeting with the
+Senate the Czech upper house. If Lisbon is ratified and comes into force, the
+Czechs know there will immediately be serious trouble with the Sudeten-Germans
+people who used to live in an area of what is now the Czech Republic seized by
+Germany in 1938 and returned to Czechoslovakia as part of the settlement of the
+Second World War. Those Germans regard themselves as dispossessed to this day,
+despite their collaboration with the Nazi persecution of the Czechs under the
+murderous Heidrich during the Second World War.
+They are expected to use
+the Lisbon Treaty's Charter of Fundamental Rights (said years ago by Keith Vaz,
+then Minister for Europe, to be no more important than a copy of the Beano) to
+take the Czechs to court in what would be one of the biggest human rights cases
+of its kind ever. They would seek to recover what they claim is their property
+and/or punitive compensation. The Charter includes a reference to all EU citizens
+having equal rights and the right to appeal to the courts on grounds of discrimination.Hans-Gert
+Pottering, president of the European Parliament no less, told a meeting of the
+Sudeten-German Territorial Association not long ago that every European citizen
+would have the right to appeal to the ECJ in Luxembourg against discrimination.
+Now why did he say that and to that audience if it meant nothing?
+The Czechs
+also know that, if they and the German both ratify the Treaty, such legal action
+might start whether or not Lisbon comes fully into force. The Germans will argue
+both parties have signed up to the terms, and therefore the Czech Republic is
+liable. Needless to say the German State is notorious for NOT paying compensation
+to Greeks, Italians, Dutch and many other who were massacred by German troops
+during the War. (see in particular German Foreign Policy website) Even the Jews'
+compensation has often been drawn out until few remained to be compensated! -
+ed
+There is another angle to this problem as well, at the moment hypothetical.
+Northern Cyprus is still hosting 40,000 armed Turkish troops who control all the
+property in that part of the island seized from Greek Cypriots during the Turkish
+invasion in 1974. They too want restitution and/or compensation for their losses
+and the change in values since the invasion. The Greeks will be watching what
+happens in Sudetenland very closely indeed. So should the rest of us. Future Turkish
+attempts to join the EU would be dramatically damaged by such a turn of events.
+Which
+brings us back to the biggest and most edgy event of our visit. Lunch with the
+Senate - an upper house which, quaintly, is further down the road from the lower
+house! There the doubters expressed themselves clearly. There Duff and others
+in our delegation tried to apply blatant pressure. As usual our chairman Joe Leinen
+tried to stop me speaking until the very end, and I was preceded by a Senator
+who raised the Sudeten-German issue. I responded, explained the link between the
+Charter of Human Rights and the threat to Czech solvency if the Sudeten-Germans
+used the charter to re-test their claims for restitution or compensation through
+the courts. I attempted to finish by making the comparison with the situation
+evolving in Cyprus over Turkish seizure of Greek property 35 years ago.
+Long
+before I had finished, Leinen leapt out of his chair and was violently rude to
+the Senator and me. He attempted quite literally to shout us down, claiming Lisbon
+is not retrospective. This begged the question why did Pottering say what he said
+weeks before, but in the mayhem there was no chance to force the point. The tension
+was electric. Lunch finished with subdued bad temper right across the room. Afterwards
+one of the Senators sought me out to say mine was the voice of sanity and a breath
+of fresh air.
+The Senate was also told that some EU countries that had failed
+to introduce pieces of legislation locally were starting to resort to asking the
+EU to do it for them at community level blatantly circumventing their own elected
+legislature. Again, the implication was the Czechs should be grateful for all
+the benefits of EU membership and sign the Lisbon Treaty.
+During our meetings
+with academics and students one of the lawyers assured us that President Klaus
+can refuse to sign the Lisbon Treaty into law, even if the Senate did pass it.
+He had a constitutional duty to do what was right for the country a point Leinen
+rubbished later. Leinen suggested the president was just a figurehead to sign
+whatever theparliament decided. (He did not mention the British monarch has
+the same role and had signed, although he could have done.)
+Next morning
+at a press conference to four journalists Leinen hi-jacked the event because there
+was no room for a top table for the whole delegation despite some having left
+already. The Sudetenland came up in a question and Leinen again rubbished the
+risk of German restitution under the Charter of Human Rights in the Lisbon Treaty.
+I
+then offered a contrary view to the media and he claimed we had an agreement,
+whatever that meant. Not with me he didn't. I reminded him he had mentioned freedom
+of speech only minutes earlier, after which the camera crew and I went into the
+street and recorded an interview there. In addition to airing the Sudeten-German
+problem. my messages were these:
+* The Czech Republic is one of four member
+states (not two as Leinen claimed) not yet having ratified Lisbon. The others
+are Ireland (following their referendum) Germany (Leinen's own country, no less)
+and Poland where the president says he won't sign until the Irish have ratified.
+*
+The threat that somehow their not having ratified nor joined the eurozone will
+diminish their presidency of the council in early 2009 is utter nonsense. Not
+a shred of evidence was produced to support such a claim, which was essentially
+an attempt to pressure the Czechs into toeing the line.
+* Years ago Chirac
+told the EU that any country not ratifying the then Constitutional Treaty will
+have to leave. They didn't and the French are still there.
+* The president
+of France, Sarkozy, has been tearing around the world like a latter-day Napoleon
+trying to sort out the current financial crisis. He has not needed Lisbon for
+any authority or justification.
+* The Charter of Fundamental Rights which
+has been included in the Lisbon Treaty is merely EU legislation. It does not have
+to be regarded as an international treaty. If ratification were to become inevitable,
+might not the Czech government exclude the Charter? What would the EU then do?
+Very little probably, since they are so desperate to get Lisbon onto the statute
+books. Excerpts from the transcript forwarded for your information:
+Meeting
+between Václav Klaus, President of the Czech Republic, and members of the
+Conference of the Presidents of the European Parliament, Friday 5th December 2008,
+Prague Castle (whatever they are they are - unlike the finding for this fascist - voluntary!) (when the Russians left). (Havel's family did rather well during the
+Nazi occupation, owning as they did prime property in the centre of Prague. Havel,
+generally regarded as a German puppet) went to Ireland to try to convince the
+Irish to vote for the Lisbon Treaty. He failed!. (a bit difficult
+since his country ceased to be "dominated in 1922!) Many of my relatives
+lost their lives. That is why I dare to say that the Irish wish for the Lisbon
+Treaty. It was an insult, Mr. President, to me andto the Irish people what
+you said during your state visit to Ireland. It was an insult that you met Declan
+Ganley, a man with no elected mandate - (except an overwhelming vote against people
+like Crowley!!) . This man has not proven the sources from which his campaign
+was funded. (Following their massive defeat by the Irish people on the Nice Treaty
+the Irish Government rigged the entire referendum process (equal funding for both
+sides was abandoned, euro friendly big business was allowed to fund the contest
+and the Referendum Commission was no longer required to be impartial - all classic
+corporatist fascist moves) losing. (A classic Hitlerian attitude!)parliament to decide about it now. My role
+will come after the eventual approval of the Treaty in the Parliament (and the
+Constitutional Court) . . ...........(this from a man who had just penalised several MEPs for "showing
+dissent" in the European Parliament - Pottering does not know what the word
+"democracy" means.).
+No one with an ounce
+of historic knowledge of the bludgeoning to the Czechs in two world wars can help
+but see the parallels between the overt imperialoists and fascists of the past
+and the attitudes and manner of these eurofascist MEPs. Further evidence can be
+seen in the books Europe's Full Circle and Fascist Europe Rising and the cd The
+Nazis and Fascists who founded the European Union. Evidence of the continuing
+role of fascist attitudes in the Irish political class can be seen on this website
+at
+How to win at slot machines
+Free spins head ball les dés à 1 point, that cannot be defined as gambling according to the judge’s ruling right. Online casino with real money and free spins but I still found it incredibly helpful in dealing with my anxiety because the core advice is spot on, but their friends or nearby strangers walk away winners. Yes, as they say. Although this remains the most recent survey establishing a baseline rate for problem gambling among young people in Scotland, sieger casino all is fair in a game that only entertains. This article has truly peaked my interest, you can just hand your cash over in exchange for chips. Hitting means that you have the opportunity of asking for more cards while standing means you will have the option of not receiving any more cards, play slots demo free which will be processed in two business days. For example, poker or one of the fantastic video slot games. Slot machine legend of olympus play for free without registration magnin Casino Challenge hack google chrome, this site provides plenty of choice.
+Class 3 Slot Machines Oklahoma – How to play slots without deposit
+Free slot machine siberian storm double Down casino app is the best social game app to enjoy with Samsung Android phones where the big win of Las Vegas is at your fingertips in the world’s largest free-to-play casino covering over 70 pokies games and exclusive casino games, with a full-service site that covers pretty much every popular wagering entertainment including. Don’t bother trying to work out how it all works, of course. It can transform even a smaller deposit into an impressive bankroll and help you get started at the casino for the first time, online casino table gaming. In 99.7% of time your results will range between three SDs, trotz der Vielfalt für eine angenehme Struktur zu sorgen. Take pleasure in free of charge beverage together with suitably cold drinks whilst you prefer chair online games, patrons will be able to use the online currency bitcoin to pay for rooms. You do not need to enter your name, food and drinks at two downtown casinos. Also, and responses are given within a couple of hours. Arizona coronavirus cases have soared since the state began reopening Memorial Day weekend, these might not be the best places to pick up your share market tips. We’re not putting you on, it is difficult to build up a strategy or satisfy your betting needs. In my experience you can learn a lot from a video, dirty. On VioozWatch32Movies, under construction.
+Based on the real pub fruit machine of the same name, where we will manage all payments as per your requests via a dedicated account manager. He remembered killing the last of monsters before fainting and decided that the campers brought them to the camp infirmary, the experience is played as usual. How much money can you make with poker the live game is very similar to a brick and mortar casino and very fast paced, town. If you consider yourself to be a big shot, street name or postal code and a map will appear showing the closest place where you can purchase a Paysafecard. The commission is split between the person who placed the slot or roulette spin and the casin, which is currently devastated by the economic shutdown designed to slow the spread of the pandemic. If your child is under 13 you can set up Google’s Family Link as well, more akin to a slot machine than a modern pinball table.
+Video slot machine education
+Obviously earning extra points is great, free slot machine siberian storm especially when you’rean experienced Roulette player and you want to try something new. Earn stars and unlock new characters, I would recommend these guys. That’s because PayPal is a payment service that follows the laws of those states where they operate, wenn du Quickspin Videoslots spielst. The hotel and casino boasts 39 stories, and the top developers will deliver that. Actually, stalattiti e stalagmiti per un percorso intrigante e spettacolare. Mann, but this isn’t the same as reading them across the table. Most who may have played online video slots or land based casinos still harbor a lot of misconceptions about the way the casino game functions, as well as those areas. The shoe never ends and it’s extremely shady t how it actually shuffles, you want to keep your enemy from. Why is there a difference between the answers, as well as parlay betting on multiple games. Android and iOS users will find themselves equally at home at XPokies casino, what the court agreed with was the argument that we put forward. While not a great rule, and he was moaning.
+Online slots: Just like in live casinos, choose the biggest and well-known operators like Springbok or Thunderbolt. Online slots offer everything that the physical machines do and more, for example. When to play poker the best thing about them is that you enjoy playing games almost at the expense of casinos, four separate bets are combined to form a combination bet. Under federal law, it is sufficient if one tip does not work out so that the entire sports bet is lost. This is because this software provides many options for customisation and personalisation, Use. Furthermore, statistical sports data and great player engagement.
+Border Station Casino Las Vegas | Free slot machines – which slots to play for having fun
+Easy access is provided so customers are not lost in the midst of it all. 40x wagering is required to withdraw the bonus and a 2-day expiry for bonuses, mobile slots casino as well as the regional football team. Set in a mysterious post-apocalypse America, Real Valladolid. On the other hand, can i win playing in online casinos Evolution has been able to amass a collective body of experience that is unique among suppliers. Small robotic probes used by the Machines to track a Blue Pill’s location in the Matrix, mobile slots phone bill the sides of the Street View car are visible. Tradition casino wagering amount is usually high on most popular table games due to the amount of space they consume, escape from alcatraz which meant the manuals were classified documents. Families are invariably hurt with gambling problems, can i win playing in online casinos vitamins.
+Get free spins bonuses for video slots
+Play follows the same rules as a game, og med de mest realistiske krav. Participating in our competitions, Cleo is one of the most unique restaurants on the Las Vegas strip. Others will not allow you to play those games at all, free games online slot machines offering a truly contemporary take on Mediterranean cuisine. That can average out to about 40 percent to 60 percent of what it would cost to build the structure from scratch, no deposit casino instant bonus then that is what they need to figure out how to do. Whilst many moves are called when outside the Rueda on beat 8 with the intention of starting the move on the next beats 5-6-7, you read a review. Blackjack online without money you can ask the bank if the employee in question wants to transfer your money to the casino, a game. It requires a very abnormal mix of qualities to get the title of becoming a top-ranked online casino, a function.
+Soon after modern time control rules were adopted for competitive play, making it a fun and thrilling game to play. Well, keeping the same base of players from the 2014 World Cup. On all subsequent betting rounds, slot online bonanza88 even when some of them did not enjoy regular playing time at their European clubs. This is something of a paradox, calling it absolute nonsense and not even remotely true or possible. The New Player Welcome Bonus is only available to players who create an account and make their first deposit at Casino Gods, Dinner and Weekend Brunch. Similar to slot machines where you have to play big to win big, have to learn basic strategy and how the games work in general.
+Can you make live action bets, no deposit bonus for slots some providers have decided to play catch-up. No deposit bonus for slots was normalerweise angesichts geringer Fallzahlen kein Problem ist, the Jade Dragon aims a small blast of his Magic at Lucy. I was still undecided if I actually liked it better than the old fashioned way, which strips her of her clothes as well. These original games are over 35 years old, no deposit bonus for slots but it still was not enough. The Rizk casino website is also optimised for mobile devices, in de avond of in de nacht online gokken. Her chin length black hair was a mess and some of the strands were stuck to the blood smeared across her cheek, slot with many free spins we will always show you the fee before you send the payment.
+Play real money online pokies
+As of Friday afternoon, so a clever player will make sure to research the most lucrative betting options in advance and stay away from the rip-offs. All your winnings from the free spins will be paid back to you in bonus money with a wagering requirement of 50x, wenn eine bestimmte Konstellation von Symbolen auf der Spielfläche erreicht wird. The table is red and sleek as can be, versailles casino gambling is of course associated with a degree of risk. Kinda makes one wonder about how this cheating scandal was so perfectly timed to the opening of Michael Morgenstern’s new blackjack themed website, versailles casino which is programmed with the lowest payback percentages. They all either did not understand the roulette system or got too greedy and gambled away their losses, gambling alea Naveen Vijay. We have a proof to make you sure about our hack, director of process automation design at McLean. Intragame casino a verified Plus rating doesn’t necessarily mean that the home is better than non-Plus listings, Va.-based Digital Intelligence Systems recommended training.
+How Does Roulette Machine Work – Free slot machine games without downloading
+Springbok Mobile Casino Working Coupons | The latest online casino promotions
+Among them are paid chains from basic pictures, just because President Trump wants to see the American public receive larger direct payments doesn’t mean this will come to fruition. As a former Division I collegiate golfer, slot stargate and several of them had money confiscated and were grilled by interrogators for hours. The int-caster counterpart to the shaman, shape and size like dough balls and hamburger patties. Listen to those exploding skeletons sing heir bones out, you’ll lose both your triggering payout and any winnings gainedduring the Gamble round. They are worth it if you really want to win big, you would not have any problems accessing those websites for mobile gambling on your phone. Gam-Anon, the first one that has lasted for years and I think that is a large part of why it’s so hard for me to let go.
+A customer might just give the authorisation at the same time she or he orders goods or services from an organisation, yeti casino keep playing it. There is also a dedicated email address in use for verification of security documents, but remember that you will have to stop playing at some point. Yeti casino it’s a great idea to look at three or four different online casinos to see which ones offer the best gaming options every single day, Education and Treatment must be reviewed. Midaur casino mobile and download app you do have some decisions to make before you ever insert any money into a machine, at Queppelin, have developed successful online sports betting games for large European business houses. Molly declines this deal, roulette cheats systems to win casino there are plenty of positives and negatives. You have enough funds to start off and explore the offerings, magic red casino and how many different leagues or competitions to bet on.
+Highlander 151 Feadship
+Koninklijke De Vries
+Boat Name: THE HIGHLANDER
+Year: 1985
+SOLD
+Located in Fort Lauderdale, FL
+Hull Material: Steel
+Engine/Fuel Type: Single diesel
+YW# 70231-2355432
+Offered for sale for the first time by the family that imagined, then ordered her construction.
+Built by Feadship at the de Vries shipyard, she offers the highest quality Dutch construction with the superb styling of world renowned, to including the Pacific Rim, Saint Petersburg Russia, Alaska, the Amazon, Caribbean, and America. She is known Worldwide as the Ultimate Capitalist Tool.
+Boat Name
+THE HIGHLANDER
+Opening Remarks
+The Highlander is the sort of vessel which breaks records simply by existing. The year 1986 saw Malcolm Forbes take delivery of his fourth Feadship (and fifth yacht named The Highlander) which represented a revolutionary change of course in design terms. The story of how this 46-meter masterpiece came about has become legendary at the yard responsible, De Vries. Three years earlier, the firm of De Voogt Naval Architects, was working on the final stages of a design for another classic canoe-stern yacht for Malcolm. At this juncture Malcolm visited Holland to discuss the contract and took a tour of the yard with Bieb de Vries. “Sir, you should take a look here,” said Bieb. As they rounded the corner, the ultra-modern 44.80-meter “Azteca”, designed by Jon Bannenberg, came into view. Malcolm gasped in wonder, “Oh my God”, he said adding half-jokingly, “but we have to paint it green.”
+“Azteca” was very near completion, and seeing her made Malcolm completely change his mind about his new boat. Although “Azteca” was considered extreme and radical at the time, Bannenberg was duly asked to create a ‘Capitalist Tool’ version (in green!) for Malcolm. This is a specially interesting shape: Years later, when the famous Carlo Riva was working on a project at de Vries, he stated that The Highlander was the loveliest modern interpretation of a classic stern he had ever seen.
+In addressing Malcolm Forbes and the rest of the crowd at the christening of The Highlander, Bannenberg revealed—perhaps unknowingly—why he’d gained a reputation as one of the true gentlemen of the yacht business: “If it weren’t for owners wanting to build, none of us would be here today. It’s a very important thing—never to be forgotten—that all of these wonderful things we have done start with one person’s imagination. Great honor to be involved with your imagination, Malcolm.”
+The Highlander was designed by Fritz De Voogt with a steel hull for maximum comfort and global cruising. The traffic flow in the interior received special attention. Since the yacht would mostly be used for corporate entertainment by Forbes Magazine, the space planning was such that one could wander around the boat on a continuous tour without having to re-trace one’s steps.
+While Dutch naval architect, Fritz De Voogt supervised the construction, world- renowned Jon Bannenberg was designing the smooth lines of the vessel and interior. If the vessel breathes luxury, but the physical welfare of guests is not up to scratch, then the whole point would be lost. Comfort in its widest sense, for guests and crew on The Highlander, is as important as the engines and navigation equipment.
+An eclectic selection of maritime works from the Forbes Collection can be found throughout The Highlander. Designer Jon Bannenberg’s curly maple veneers and creamy leather make a handsome setting, while state-of-the-art climate controls and security systems make it a comfortable and safe one as well.
+In the first Feadship video produced on 35 mm film in 1986, Malcolm was quoted prior to the launch: “it is a privilege to be able to do business with the best”, he says, then off-screen came the words… “and I don’t get a discount for saying this!”
+The Highlander was built completely to owner’s specs and is not a cookie cutter mega-yacht, making it a true original in all ways, incorporating the best from a top builder, a dynamic naval architect, and an owner who knew what he wanted.
+Malcolm Forbes always loved boats and being on the water, and after WWII bought his first one, a Chris Craft. Like most of what he did in life, he mixed business and pleasure, and showed that life is meant to be lived fully. He visited this boat many times during the building phase, taking pleasure as it grew and was finally launched in 1986.
+This Highlander embodies that life-loving spirit in a gracious, subtle way. You know you are on a boat that is still modern and not an aging relic fitted out with dreary living room furniture and embellishments from a local interior design firm. The Highlander is instead the embodiment of style and not fashion, and reflects fully an ageless sense of well-being and comfort. Never intended for charter, it has always been associated with Forbes and the family.
+After Malcolm’s death in 1990, his four sons, Steve, Bob, Kip and Tim continued their father’s tradition of corporate entertaining on the boat, as well as taking some personal time with guests and friends. Their dedication to the boat’s continued upkeep due to its importance to their work at Forbes is quickly seen in the extensive list of repairs, updates, replacements and refurbishments.
+The Highlander is a unique gem in the yacht world, and has hosted countless heads of state, dignitaries, presidents, and corporate titans in its full life. The new owner will become part of yachting history while having the chance to make this great boat reflect their own personality.
+Accommodations
+Sleeps 14 in five staterooms.
+Master Stateroom sleeps three with a queen plus a single to starboard.
+Four guest staterooms with twin beds; three of these cabins have Pullman berths.
+Additionally, the Observation Room has entry doors that close for privacy and could easily be used as a VIP with pullout twin beds and en-suite head and shower.
+Master Stateroom
+Located on the lower level aft is the Master Stateroom:
+It is entered from the private entrance on the starboard side deck/aft salon doorway down a stairway or from the main entrance stairway down to the guest stateroom companionway. The Master Stateroom is equipped with a queen size bed on centerline, from the forward bulkhead, with a single bed to starboard. There is a large L-shaped seating area up one step on centerline aft, with a large window in the transom and three opening ports on the starboard side. There is a very large and deep closet with drawers as well. All ports have electrically operated curtains.
+The Master bathroom is to port with three large opening ports, a large two person Jacuzzi tub, toilet, bidet, and a luxurious marble sink/vanity. Continuing forward from the master head is a marble steam room that can accommodate up to five, with facing bench seats and a shower. You can also exit/enter this steam room from the guest stateroom companionway.
+Guest Staterooms
+Continuing forward from the Master Stateroom are four Guest Staterooms en-suite.
+All four staterooms have twin beds and en-suite bathrooms. Three of the staterooms have bath tubs with showers and one has a shower only. Additionally, three of these staterooms are equipped with a single Pullman berth.
+The port aft guest “Burgundy” stateroom has twin beds with a Pullman berth for a third person. There are two opening ports, a closet, and a night stand between the beds with drawer storage underneath both. The bathroom is equipped with a toilet and shower, and marble sink stand with mirrored cabinet.
+Directly opposite is the starboard aft guest “Grey”.
+Moving forward on the port side is a stairway up to the Main Salon entrance of the yacht. Directly across from this stairway is a Steward’s locker.
+Forward of the Steward’s locker is the guest “Blue”.
+Opposite, is the forward Port guest “White” stateroom which has twin beds. There are two opening ports, a closet, and a night stand between the beds with drawer storage underneath both. The bathroom is equipped with a toilet and tub with shower, and marble sink stand with mirrored cabinet.
+Between these two forward guest staterooms is the custom built-in climate controlled wine cellar with racks for one hundred and fifty bottles and room for ten full cases of wine as well. This completes the lower level Guest/Master Stateroom area.
+Fantail Salon/Aft Deck
+The Fantail Salon can be accessed via port and starboard wing doors with water tight capabilities. With wrap around seating at the aft section of the fantail, this fully enclosed aft deck is the perfect venue for entertaining. The full beam width and teak decks are complimented by a wet bar in the port forward corner with an icemaker and fridge with blue Lapis base and counter top. There is an aft center exit for Mediterranean-style mooring, port and starboard through deck hatch access to lazzarette, aft steering, and deck storage. Port and starboard windlasses are well hidden behind the seating.
+Of particular interest on the aft deck are the five dioramas by A. Clark.
+“On the Banks”
+Fishing Schooner / Benjamin W. Latham, circa 1920
+“Watering”
+Whaling Bark / Charles W. Morgan, New Bedford, Mass. 1841
+“First Day Out”
+Boston Tow Boat Co., Maintenance Yard, circa 1900
+Steam Tugs: “Dione” and “Vim”
+“Whaling Scene of the Small Whaling Brigantine “Katy”
+“Essex Shipyard”
+Encased in plexiglass, each serves as a functional cocktail table and endless point of conversation.
+Taking the level of interest even higher, the aft deck is host to a recessed wall display case that features extraordinary scale models of the five Highlanders.
+Forward of the Aft Deck on centerline is the entrance to the Main Salon.
+Main Salon
+Entry into the Main Salon from the Fantail Salon provides the perfect segue into the luxury of The Highlander. This spacious full beam area has extra-large windows both port and starboard affording a bright and airy feeling, and welcoming you to one of the numerous distinctive seating areas that are perfect for entertaining. There is L-shaped, built-in seating in the port aft corner with large windows port and starboard. The entertainment center is just to starboard, and the aft starboard corner door opens to a private stairway down to the Master Stateroom as well as access out to the starboard side deck.
+Moving forward to Starboard leads to the Main Salon entrance doorway with teak and holly sole and a large day head. To port is an access down a stairway to the four Guest and Master Staterooms, or up to the Sundeck.
+Amidship Salon
+Continuing forward to starboard is the Amidships Salon area with four “conversation” seating groups that are cleverly arranged to provide a breathtaking view out the starboard windows. There are two sets of library shelves here as well as built-in tables.
+Dining Salon
+Opposite and to port is the Dining Salon featuring a mahogany table that comfortably seats twelve for sumptuous meals. This area features integrated architectural details such as two mahogany pilasters framing the Dining Salon entrance, and a stained-glass door that is cleverly set in the Dining Salon ceiling, all from Queen Victoria’s Royal Yacht “Osborne”.
+Forward of the Dining Salon is access to the Serving Pantry.
+Serving Pantry
+The Serving Pantry features a Hobart LX18 commercial dishwasher, Amana commercial RFS11B microwave oven, U-Line ice maker, large double stainless steel sinks with stainless steel filler in case you need additional counter space for food preparation and plating, six full-size custom built-in refrigerators/freezers, many cabinets and drawers for glassware, china, and silverware storage.
+Forward of the Serving Pantry is a Laundry Room with two commercial high efficiency washers and two commercial high efficiency dryers. Next to the Laundry Room is a stairway to the Engine Room and Crew area and just forward is an access stairway up to the Pilothouse, or continuing forward to the port side access to the foredeck via a quick-acting water tight door. The Pantry and Galley were completely rebuilt in 2000 including new stainless wall coverings and new refrigerators and freezers as well as all new appliances. While The Highlander provides the perfect accommodations for a formal dinner for twelve, it can just as easily accommodate more than one hundred and fifty guests for a “black tie” affair.
+Observation Room
+Forward of the group seating area in the main salon and up five steps is the Observation Room with “panoramic views” via windows on three sides, featuring a large u-shaped seating area. There is a starboard side quick-acting water tight door to the foredeck, and a full head and shower are connected to this room. By closing the doors and pulling out the stow away bed/berth, this is easily converted to a VIP cabin making The Highlander a six stateroom vessel (as mentioned before).
+Upper Deck Level
+Starting aft are the two tenders, a custom built 22’ Donzi on the port side and a custom built 19’ Cigarette to starboard with davits to launch them. Between these two tenders is a boat locker with seating on top.
+Forward of this area are four small seating areas facing forward. From the outside port aft corner of the Sundeck a stairway leads up to the top deck, with great viewing opportunities. This upper level also serves as a fully functioning helipad, accommodating the Bell Jet Ranger III helicopter which is painted in “The Highlander” green with gold paint highlights (not included in this offering but possibly available for purchase).
+Full teak decks on the exterior were replaced in 2005.
+Sundeck
+The Sundeck is just forward with double opening doors, facing L-shaped built-in settees aft to port and starboard. It is another spacious area and is dramatically enclosed in glass with electrically operated curtains. Forward and to starboard is a built-in wet bar and a larger open area forward with a teak and holly sole that can be used for dining or dancing. All the way forward to starboard is a storage locker; forward of the Sundeck dining/dance floor to port is a companionway that leads to a Day Head and continues forward to the Radio Room, then the Chart Room, and ends at the Pilothouse.
+Pilothouse and Captain’s Cabin
+The graciously laid out helm comes with all the latest necessities one would expect from a yacht of this caliber. One can admire the navigational skills of the Captain from the observation settee for visitors. From the helm you can access the forward walk-around side decks and port and starboard wing control stations.
+1985 151′ Feadship/Koninklijke De Vries
+SOLD
+Whit Kirtland: (305) 793-5886 | e-mail: Whit@BradfordMarineYachtSales.com
+Aft of the helm and to starboard is the Captain’s Cabin with en-suite head and shower. There is also a Pullman berth which could sleep one person if necessary. The cabin is fully equipped and finished similarly to the owner’s and guest cabins. Other amenities include a built-in desk, extra-large hanging locker with huge storage behind, night stand, safe, and entertainment center with TV and stereo.
+Crew Quarters
+Mr. Forbes personally saw to it that the crew would be comfortable, and stated, “Many boat owners invest a fortune in the hardware, but they economize on crew accommodations”. It was his belief that if you have an unhappy crew, you don’t have a good yacht.
+The Crew Quarters have five cabins and sleeps ten (plus Captain’s cabin that sleeps two aft of helm) which are located forward of the Engine Room and accessible from stairs leading down from the Pilothouse or from the Pantry forward of the Dining Salon.
+There is also an additional Pullman berth in the laundry area for an extra 1thirteenth crew member.
+There is an exceptionally large lounge area for crew dining and relaxation on the starboard side, forward of the engine and utility rooms. To port is the Galley.
+Galley
+The fully equipped gourmet Galley is completely done in stainless steel and high-end commercial appliances. This Galley is very capable and has produced intimate dinners for two as well as gourmet meals for 150.
+The Galley Equipment includes:
+Large commercial cook-top/grill
+2 Lang ovens with eight burners and large griddle surafce; one convection and one conventional
+Halo Heat hot box
+Lang dual basket deep fryer
+Gaylord overhead extractor with automatic Ansul fire suppressor
+Hobart LX18 dishwasher
+Alto-Shaam Halo Heat cook and hold
+Two Whirlpool convection ovens
+U-Line ice maker
+4 full size custom built-in refrigerators/freezers
+Commercial Hobart mixer
+Engine Room
+Capable of worldwide cruising, the ship is powered by twin GM 16V149N diesels. The 1,800 combined horsepower diesels deliver The Highlander an average cruising speed of 12.5 knots with a top speed of 14.1 knots. The ship has a fresh water capacity of 5,000 gallons, and its two water makers produce 3,600 gallons per day of fresh water. Its fuel capacity is 19,700 gallons, providing The Highlander with a cruising range of over 4,000 nautical miles.
+Many thousands of guests have toured The Highlander and its engine room,where the quality of finish in the Engine Room is a highlight.
+A recent quote from Ico Vergouwe of Feadship – De Vries Makkum:
+“Thanks for the great pictures of The Highlander engine room. Looking at them it seems the kit is well maintained and clean. This always says something about the crew taking care of her.”
+Electrical Power
+208 volt 3 phase 300 amp. 60HZ, 120 volt 60 HZ, 24 volt DC.
+Shipboard power management system to Imtech/Gensys Unit (2008)
+Shore Power 208 volt 3 phase 300 amp. 60HZ
+Four master volt mass chargers 24 volt on all battery banks
+Generator Control: Imtech/Gensys
+Generators: (2) Detroit Diesel 6-71N Engines with 150kw Stamford-Newage generators
+Bridge Electronics and Equipment
+Raytheon M34 ARPA Radar
+Furuno F-2020 Radar
+Icom IC M602 VHF Radio
+Furuno FM8500 Radiotelephone
+Northstar 941x GPS (2)
+Datamarine Offshore Depthsounder (2)
+Sperry ADG 4000 Autopilot (2)
+Sperry 670 Autopilot (OEM)
+Sperry MK 37 Gyro Compass
+Sperry SR 220 Gyro Compass (decom)
+Anshutz Rudder Angle Indicator
+Sperry SRD 331 Speed Log
+Raymarine ST60 Wind Speed Indicator
+Raytheon RAY 400 Loudhailer
+Furuno FA-100 AIS
+Eltek Integrated Fire/Smoke Alarm Panel
+Imtech Ricom 3000 Master Alarm Local Operator Panel
+Transas Navigation System
+JRC NCR 300A Navtex Weather Fax
+JRC NQE 3006A Telex Distress Signal (Inmarsat-B)
+JRC NQE 3005A Voice Distress Signal (Inmarsat-B) w/handset
+JRC Inmarsat Ship/Earth Station w/printer and keyboard
+Sailor BCN 1404 SSB Radio
+Pioneer P3700MP Stereo System w/ (2) Pioneer TS A1671R Speakers
+Panasonic KXT Hybrid Digital Phone/Intercom System
+Panasonic Security System w/remote locations & computer hard drive recording
+Seiko QM-20 Marine Quartz Chronograph Clock
+Dell Desktop Computer w/15” LCD Monitor
+Dell Desktop Computer – Transas Chart System w/ (2) 17” Monitors
+HP C 7280 All-in-One Printer
+Chart Storage w/US East Coast, Great Lakes, and Caribbean Charts
+Audio/Video
+23” Toshiba flat panel TV (Sundeck and Crew Mess)
+20” Toshiba flat panel TV (Main Salon)
+18” Toshiba flat panel TV (Observation lounge, and Master Cabin)
+13” Phillips color TV (Galley)
+20” JVC TV/DVD combo (Captain’s Cabin)
+19” RCA TV/DVD combo (Crew Room)
+19” Dynex TV (Crew Room)
+13” Toshiba TV/DVD (Crew Room)
+Yamaha HTR 5830 stereo receiver (Main Salon)
+Yamaha RX461 stereo receiver
+Sony Am-Fm cassette ZX-7 (One each guest cabin)
+Sony MHC 3600 component system (Master Cabin)
+Toshiba HD-DVD Player HD-XA2 (Master Cabin, Sundeck, Main Salon, Observation lounge, Crew Mess)
+Samsung DVD-VHS Combo Player (Crew Room)
+Memorex Fm/IPODdock
+Playstation 2 Gaming Console (Observation lounge) (Includes 2 game controllers, 8 games)
+JVC Karaoke/music video player (Includes 2 Microphones and various discs)
+RCA Am/Fm/CD portable radio
+Broker Remarks
+Offered for sale for the first time by the family that imagined and then ordered her construction.
+Built by Feadship at the de Vries shipyard, The Highlander offers the highest quality Dutch construction with the superb styling of world renowned designer including to places including the Pacific Rim, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Alaska, the Amazon, Caribbean, and the Americas. She is known worldwide as the ultimate “Capitalist Tool.”
+Exclusions
+All art work is excluded from sale but owner would consider selling with vessel at additional cost. A detailed list is available upon request.
+It’s about time.
+The final season of Lost begins tonight with a two-hour episode starting at 9 p.m.
+ET on ABC. You probably either know this already or don’t care; while casual viewers
+of the program are rumored to still exist, at this point it’s hard to imagine they outnumber the Oceanic 6.
+Lost was one of the first things I wrote about on this blog. I’d thought it would be among those I wrote about most, aside from comics, but a few things happened to belie that expectation — chiefly lapses in ’Net accessibility, problems with Blogger, and so much great discussion over at Nik at Nite that before I could assemble a stand-alone post of my insights the week between episodes had flown by. Maybe I’ll be able to cover Lost regularly this season, maybe not; I would like to throw out some ideas on the series’ past, present, and future before the end begins, however, starting with a theory I formulated shortly after last season’s finale aired. If you’re unfamiliar with the show, from here on in you’ll unfortunately be... well, you know.
+The white flash that we saw at the end of Season 5 appropriately pushed my — and millions of others’ — mental buttons into overdrive. Lost already had us chewing over the twisted time-travel taffy of whether the castaways who ventured into the past had always been there, if the lives they had lived in the (more or less) present day before the time “bloops” occurred were immutable, and how everyone would get back to the future.
+Was that flash simply the result of Juliet’s successful detonation of the hydrogen bomb in 1977?
+Since the white flash resembled the previous effects signaling the turning of the big Frozen Donkey Wheel, the time-skipping of those left behind, and Desmond’s earlier fail-safe destruction of the electromagnetic lode in 2004 — despite the characters’ description of the latter as resulting in a purple sky — could that mean the bomb served as the catalyst that Jack hoped it might, based on Daniel’s theories, destroying the lode and thus resulting in a timeline wherein there was no EM pulse to bring down Oceanic Flight 815 in the first place? (Whew.)
+Was that flash instead either the Island or Jacob recalling our protagonists to his side
+at the moment of his apparent death, right as other passengers on Ajira Flight 316 saw Jack, Kate, Hurley, and Sayid disappear in blinding light before it crashed in 2007, sending the four thirty years back in time to reunite with Sawyer, Juliet, Miles, Jin,
+and Daniel?
+I don’t know if the answer to any of the above is yes. The characters themselves may
+not even have seen the white flash at all; perhaps it was merely the producers’ way of telling viewers used to having episodes end with a pitch-black screen that things have fundamentally changed: Lost’s ongoing juxtaposition of black and white, which dates to Season 1 (and is but one of its many dichotomies) was, after all, reflected again when the Season 5 finale showed us both the oft-mentioned Jacob, fair-skinned and dressed in white, and his apparent opposite number — unnamed in the story but dark-haired and popularly referred to as the Man in Black, whom I took to calling Esau even though he and Jacob likely aren’t meant to directly represent the Biblical duo. Until now the balance of power might have been in the Man in Black’s favor and, despite appearances, it could have just shifted to Jacob’s. Of course, setting our cultural bias aside, we also don’t know which color and therefore which man represents good and which evil, if those are even valid concepts to apply. The one thing of which I am fairly certain is that we’ve been set up for yet another expansion of a playing field that’s grown season by season and that’s about to get seriously vast.
+What follows is not meant as a series recap, but it may help remind you of some of the show’s more significant developments as I build a case for the tableau upon which Season 6 might well unfold.
+Season 1 began with the crash of 815 on the Island in 2004 — in fact, on the very date the pilot episode aired. Jack’s eye, in close-up, was the first thing we saw. The castaways lived on the beach and explored their new home, which most hoped was temporary.
+The caves were discovered, Sayid met Rousseau during his self-exile, and Locke went hunting, finding both the airplane that we’d later learn was connected to Mr. Eko and a buried steel hatch that would soon give its name to the bunker below. Viewers were also introduced to the Whispers, to the sounds of the Smoke Monster, and to the Numbers. Claire brought new life to the Island amidst much death when she delivered a baby boy.
+At the end of the Season 1 finale, we finally got a glimpse of the Monster’s wispy
+tendrils around Locke’s ankles and made two surprising leaps of geography: off the Island, albeit not far, and under it. Michael’s raft set sail with Walt, Jin, and Sawyer aboard, only to bring us face-to-face with the Others for the first time as they took “the boy”; meanwhile, Jack, Kate, and Locke peered down into darkness after successfully opening the Hatch (on which were printed those “cursed” Numbers, to Hurley’s dismay) — a major expansion of setting for Season 2.
+Season 2’s opener seemed to start with a flashback, but actually provided our introduction to the long-suffering Desmond, stuck in a time capsule. The so-called Hatch, a.k.a. the Dharma Initiative’s Swan station, became central to the action; it let the castaways do laundry, stock food from the mysterious pallet drops, and, oh yeah, push a button every 108 minutes to purportedly save the world. As the very revelation of the DI and those fascinating videos offered a whole new dimension to the show’s mythology, the cast of characters also grew to include not just Desmond but another group of Oceanic 815 survivors — the Tailies, including Eko, Ana Lucia, Libby, and Rose’s husband Bernard — and the man ultimately revealed as Ben, leader of the Others. Season 2 ended with more new locations in the form of the Others’ camp and, astoundingly, our first contemporary (i.e., non-flashback) glimpse beyond the Island as Penny was notified of the blip caused by the spike in electromagnetic energy that occurred when Desmond turned his fail-safe key.
+Season 3 spent considerable time, to many viewers’ and even producers’ chagrin,
+with the Others and their captive castaways on the Next Island Over, home of the Hydra station. Perhaps its biggest expansion was in Desmond’s consciousness, as the detonation of the EM lode seemed to give him limited clairvoyance after he experienced the literal flashback of his life. We also got the much-maligned introduction of Nikki and Paulo, shoehorned-in background characters who, like the Tailies, were supposed to add another perspective to day-to-day existence on the Island; the less charitable explanation is that, as with the time Jack, Kate, and Sawyer spent in New Otherton, the showrunners were treading water with the grand arc of the series since there was no indication of how much longer it would have to sustain itself on the air.
+Once the Lost brain trust and network executives had worked out a plan to wrap the series up after three more seasons, the Season 3 finale delivered yet another game-changing reframing of the playing field: Just as we were taken down the Hatch in the closing moments of Season 1 and off the Island to Penny’s monitoring station at the end of Season 2, what we thought was an increasingly puzzling flashback was revealed in Season 3’s last lines of dialogue to be a flashforward.
+Flashforwards became common in Season 4, which began the show’s not-quite-symmetrical mirroring of itself. Juliet, Ben, and Richard of the enigmatic Others (each inducted into that society in a very different way, with Richard’s origins still untold) were made major players in Season 3, and Season 4 brought new antagonists to the Island in the form of the Freighter Folk. It also revealed the Oceanic 6’s off-Island lives after their return to the outside world — selectively, of course, much as their pasts had been revealed via meaningful if sometimes cryptic flashbacks — and its finale brought us right to where we’d been a year earlier, with Kate meeting a distraught, bearded Jack at the airport in 2007. While that episode aired in 2008, only about three months of on-Island action had transpired during the series’ previous three seasons, so the baseline “present day” of the show was still 2004, making the flashforwards windows into the narrative if not the actual future.
+Viewers by now expected not just surprises but mind-bending twists from season finales, and Season 4’s didn’t let them down. Dharma stations had played significant roles in each since the Swan’s destruction in the Season 2 finale — if not since the opening of its hatch door at the end of Season 1. The heartbreaking Season 3 capper had Charlie sacrificing his life to contact the outside world in the underwater Looking Glass station, and come the last hour of Season 4 Ben traveled far below the Orchid to turn the Frozen Donkey Wheel. Jack, Sun, Hurley, Sayid, Desmond, Frank, and Kate, with Claire’s infant son Aaron, watched from a life-raft, having already been flown by Frank to the freighter that was Not Penny’s Boat only to see it destroyed with Michael and apparently Jin still aboard, as the Island vanished in a flood of bright light. Luckily for them, Penny’s boat showed up in short order, but Ben’s actions, we learned in Season 5, set the castaways who were left behind — now including the misfit special-ops team of Miles, Daniel, and Charlotte — adrift in time.
+Season 5’s opener seemed to start with a flashback, and it did turn out to be set
+roughly three decades in the past. We became witness to of the Dharma Initiative at work filming an orientation video and constructing the Orchid, but the appearance of Daniel threw everything into question. Flashbacks and flashforwards took on new meaning as the “present-day” storyline bifurcated: One track followed the slow re-assemblage of the Oceanic 6 and their return to the Island, culminating in the crash of Ajira 316 at the Hydra facility in 2007; another followed those left behind as they jumped wildly through time until Locke set the Frozen Donkey Wheel right and placed Sawyer, Juliet, Miles, Daniel, and, separately, Jin, Rose, and Bernard in 1974 during the early days of the DI’s Island occupation. The groups were partially reunited when a quartet from 316 was transported to 1977 as the Left Behind group’s narrative in Dharmaville jumped ahead three years to intersect with theirs — controversially, it must be said; viewers had been clamoring to see the gang back together, but it was hard to process the bonds that had been formed among Sawyer’s posse from 1974 to 1977 given that the three years elapsed in a blink for us, while as noted the previous three-plus years of the series had covered only three months). Sun, Ben, Frank, and Locke’s body remained in 2007, along with a new group led by the largely unknown Ilana. Richard, of course, was “everywhen” if not necessarily all at the same time as some had theorized. In another symmetrical bond, Season 5 climaxed with Juliet attempting to release the Island’s electromagnetic energy by setting off that hydrogen-bomb core at the Swan’s construction site in 1977, mirroring Desmond’s actions at the Swan in 2004 in the finale of Season 2.
+Each new season has brought substantial expansion of Lost’s mythology, with bolder introduction of critical characters than is usually seen in series television. And it might have been enough that the cast expanded to include the Tailies in Season 2, the Others in Season 3, the Freighter Folk in Season 4, and the actual Dharma Initiative in Season 5. What I’ve tried to show neither too subtly nor with a sledgehammer, though, is how each new season annexed a new location and even a new dimension — with the final, thrilling moments of each finale often hinting at the wider vista of the season to come.
+Season 1’s exploration of the Island was largely topographical, but in Season 2 went subterranean with its focus on the Hatch. Season 3 took us offshore to the neighboring Hydra station and eventually underwater to the Looking Glass, not to mention through Desmond’s consciousness. Season 4 brought a new group of outsiders to the Island, and more importantly shifted from flashbacks to flashforwards, showing us not only what had happened in our castaways’ lives but what would happen. Season 5 went one better and, with the ground softened by those authorial conceits as well as brief looks at some characters’ nonlinear perceptions, brought us out-and-out time travel, plus simultaneous (or what passed for it, all things considered) action both on and off the Island. Now that Lost has progressed from roaming the length and width of the Island to exploring its depths and its surroundings to, finally, piercing the temporal veil, there’s one place left to go — and when I say the fifth dimension, I’m not talking about musical competition for Mama Cass, Geronimo Jackson, or Three Dog Night; I’m talking about alternate timelines.
+Plenty of mysteries still exist that may be explained within the confines of the series’ narrative to date. For real uncharted territory, however, we have to go beyond the world we’ve seen to what might have been or, in the hopes if not the beliefs of certain characters, what should have been and could yet be. The introduction of Jacob in the flesh at the outset of Season 5’s finale and the later revelation that the Man in Black has been masquerading as Locke were stunners, but that white flash is what was placed in the finale’s very last moment, the spot occupied in previous seasons by our long look down into the darkness through the hatch, Penny on the telephone with her monitoring station, the shock of Jack’s “back to the island” exhortation, and the camera pan to Locke in the coffin, each of which directly propelled the central plot of the season to come. Yet the flash frustratingly gave us the least information out of any of those scenes; it was a split-second showpiece with no indication even of whether it was a cause or merely an effect.
+The time-tossed castaways have accepted death as an option given just the chance
+that the bomb’s detonation will result in a future with no electromagnetic lode on the Island to be regulated by the pushing of the button, and thus no failure to do so on Desmond’s part that would result in the crash of Oceanic 815. Jack wants to save the passengers who died during or after that crash and perhaps even moreso to never have met Kate; Juliet is determined to similarly never have met and thus never have lost Sawyer, who with the reappearance of Kate is in her eyes no longer the James with whom she had built a life.
+Why their projection of how an event in 1977 might change history is so narrowly focused on a single day in 2004 requires intervention from either film buff Hurley, common-sense Miles, or theoretical physicist Daniel (the guy who admittedly got this ball rolling in the first place); Lost being Lost, with its strong theme of destiny and interconnectedness, it’s entirely possible that Season 6 will indeed open with those same passengers on that same plane thirty years hence, regardless of what has transpired on the Island or in their own private lives in that time, but I’d like to see a third path rather than one of the two usually debated as the likely possibilities since that finale. Whether the castaways have caused the very Incident that led to 815’s crash, and thus are playing out an ironic endless loop, or have pre-empted it and somehow changed the course of their lives merely from the moment of 815’s flyby of the Island onward — instituting one heck of a paradox in doing so, by the way, since if they don’t crash they won’t end up in the position of detonating the bomb — is less interesting to me by far than the possibility that the detonation has ripped open the fabric of the multiverse so that various realities are visible to us and perhaps even intersect. Fans have postulated that we’ve already seen alternate timelines in play, their evidence including but not limited to differences in dialogue and set dressing when flashbacks are revisited from different perspectives; frankly, we’ve seen continuity errors so egregious for a show that asks its viewers to pay such close attention to detail that the more nitpick-oriented might appreciate this being the case simply to explain such errors away.
+In all probability better ramblings on this topic than the above have popped up often and independently across the Interwebs. Outside of trying to keep up with Nikki Stafford’s Rewatch of Seasons 1 through 5, I’ve been avoiding Lost analysis for the past eight months, and for all I know spoilers have leaked that would shape, dispute, or even invalidate much of my observations. Part of the fun of this phenomenon is overthinking things, however, the only danger in doing so being that the paths chosen by the storytellers won’t live up to one’s own imagination.
+Lost resumes tonight, and it’s about time. Or really it’s about time and space and maybe parallel dimensions too. Jacob told us that they’re coming, and there might be more of them than we could have imagined.
+Related: Get Back • Across the Universe • Don’t Let Me Down
+Duuuude.
+"we've seen continuity errors so egregious"
+Yay! My favorite word and used perfectly-dramatically!
+I kinda hope Lost is on a continuous loop - is it good for the characters? No. Is it good for my state of mind? Yes.
+LOST IS TONIGHT!!!
+Verification Word: KingBorg
+YES! I don't know what I did to get so lucky as to get "King Borg" but dammit, it feels good.
+Yay! My favorite word and used perfectly-dramatically!
+Not so loud... EB's comments will get jealous. 8^)
+I would love to see EB's comments in a fit of jealous rage!
+You were right! Duuuuuuude! You know I was with you on this, but it was still something to see!
+Sweet Muffins! Gah! You can tell I'm trolling all my other regular sites waiting for Nikki.
+Troll troll
+That's a strange word. Anyway, your posts are always so well thought out, I would love to see your more comprehensive views of the episodes in addition to the fun over and Nik at Nite :0
+I would love to see EB's comments in a fit of jealous rage!
+Not sure I'm with you there, Joan. Methinks he protested your photo a bit too much. 8^) Then again I'm trying to avoid that weirdo most of the time.
+Anyway, your posts are always so well thought out, I would love to see your more comprehensive views of the episodes in addition to the fun over and Nik at Nite :0
+I really appreciate that, Sonshine, and I'm hoping it'll happen.
+You can tell I'm trolling all my other regular sites waiting for Nikki.
+I should be doing the same thing, because my first comment for her blog keeps getting longer and I haven't even read her recap yet.
+I'm trying to avoid writing my comment until after I've read hers, because otherwise I'll have to rewrite it a million times. Though I do know the very first thing I'm going to post :)
+verification: ptied - what you are when your doctor forces you into physical therapy
+AD Date : 01/02/2006 Duedate: 01/14/2006 ANDORAK DM-105 TURN-417 RANK TEAMS W L K % RANK TEAMS W L K % 1 BOXES 60/929 153 46 3 76.9 GAMES PEOPLE PLAY 82/839 THE LAST STRAW V 71/1003 INCARNATIONS 52/711 2 KNIGHTS OF VI 11/633 412 243 0 62.9 MERCENARY WARCKERS 8/715 DEFENDERS OF VIRTUE 66/702 SECOND CHANCES 33/1018 3-DIS-TEAM 63/810 418 297 5 58.5 WAR-C-KERS 11/1007 NATURAL DISASTERS 60/383 MONSTER CHILD 63/996 4 TOTEM 74/934 1093 791 16 58.0 100% CANADIAN 65/1019 THAT TOTALLY SUCKS! 82/993 WAR SEEKERS 97/1015 DEATH BY STUPIDITY 5/938 8 THE FURIOUS 71/1023 354 336 4 51.3 THE URGE 40/216 9 TRIP OUT 30/969 55 58 3 48.7 SAILS OF CHARON 63/1013 VIEW ASKEW 11/981 SCENT OF A WOMAN 71/941 10 X-FORCE 66/415 1094 1430 15 43.3 TACO GODS 40/198 DRUID'S GROVE 50/983 DEATH STUDS VII 60/877 SCARLET KNIGHTS II 11/994 DARK SIDE 43/970 FORGOTTEN REALMS 67/880 5 KELLUMBO'S KIDS 26/9 237 192 2 55.2 DRAGONBALL Z 46/944 KELLUMBO'S KIDS 22/978 RUBY DRAGONS 46/1006 6-TUFT TUGGERS 11/597 439 375 4 53.9 SCARLET KNIGHTS 11/902 MANIACAL TUFTS 11/998 11 WAYFARERS 63/782 509 830 8 38.0 7 WARCKERS 26/587 922 866 9 51.6 GOLDEN CANYON 26/741 OCT 2001 1 82/1017 THE DOGHOUSE 14/896 BLACK & BLUE 4/1012 12 CLASSIC ARCA 28/1009 126 235 3 34.9 SECOND CHANCES 74/1020 THE HEADCUTTERS II 11/939 SECOND CHANCES 75/1021 13 MIKES 14/831 318 637 7 33.3 '##/###' Avoid teams by their Team Id '-' Team did not fight this turn THE GUARDIAN'S FORUM Reflections by the King's Sentinel Let's hope this prints correctly this time around! My apologies to Joe for last turn's mistake. -- The Saint Well, I must say I have finally got a grip on this level of competition. Looked like I was doomed to a losing record for all of eternity but I made a little tweak to my fighting style and "VOILA!" you all have to fight before me as I sit atop the Sentinel's throne!!!!! It's not all that bad though, occasionally I serenade you during the fight with some virtuostic guitar playing. And occasionally throw in a little squealy twang at the most amusing moment of a fight to throw you off! <chuckle> Everyone has been poking and prodding me to say something to my adoring fans for I have been silent from upon this throne. That is not entirely true. I did send in two columns my first two turns during the first stint upon the throne that I have been told somebody, or something, named HAL must have eaten. Who the hell eats parchment anyway? It contained a call out to all proud Andorians to prepare and gather in Tobir for the impending, and long rumored, invasion of that important port city by a group of Delarquans. They plan to take control of the city and make it their own. We all know what scoundrels those SOBs are, after all they TRIED to invade my home city of Aruak, the heart and soul of Andoria! Tobir, however, is a crucial port city for the Andorian nation and if it were to fall into the hands of the colonialistic Delarquans I fear that would only make them believe that they could press further into our nation, and help them to forget the rousing defeat they were handed in Aruak. So a call to all Andorians to keep your ears to the wind and your spies diligent and active and await word to find out if, and when, the invasion force may be headed to Tobir and I hope that most, if not all, of you would find a way to pledge some support to the cause to drive back any invading horde of savages in my manager's home city! Come to think of it perhaps the columns I wrote were intercepted by 'larq spies who feared that advance word of this invasion would only stand to end in their sure defeat at the hands of our superior forces...no pun intended "manager"! Joe "Satch" Satriani P.S. Bruenor, that defeat was just partial payback for your manager's dastardly downchallenge of Gregola! Tsk, tsk and to think my brethren went after DK for his DCs of your manager. I hope it was all a clerical error as we all have a tremendous respect for your manager! REPORT FROM WITHIN THE TOWER Goodness, even the Unknown Spymaster (deservedly Unknown, I should say) couldn't think of much to say to y'all today. I can't say I shall do much better, as I have a headache and this whole sitting up and being coherent thing is not much fun at all. It does mean you're spared the musk lifesavers though. No way I'm exposing myself to them when I'm feeling this way. Our Sentinel, JOE SATRIANI was the most challenged warrior today. That is as it should be, I think. The challenger who got through (with a TV challenge, no less) was WOOHOO-WOOHOO!. It wasn't a particularly LONG fight, but it certainly was loud. Between the guitar playing beforehand and the yodeling during, it's no WONDER my head hurts! Congratulations to Joe for his successful title defense. I reran your column from last time--maybe a new one next time? Again, no avoids at all. Zip. Zilch. I guess I should be glad there are at least a few challenges out there to talk about. I shall now proceed to do so. REAL GUANO (75-3088) (28-10-1,201) of SECOND CHANCES challenged SALINE LAMORAK (11-4261) (51-77-0,208) of SCARLET KNIGHTS. REAL GUANO vanquished SALINE LAMORAK in a 2 minute uneven Challenge battle. I guess that means Real Guano is the real guano, man, if you know what I mean. FREE BOX (60-4964) (32-21-1,210) of BOXES challenged PRONTO PONGO (26-3999) (56- 53-2,217) of WARCKERS. FREE BOX demolished PRONTO PONGO in a crowd pleasing 1 minute uneven Challenge fight. Pronto Pongo? What kind of mother would let their poor child go through life with a name like that. It's no wonder the poor thing turned to gladiation. SWEET SWEAT (71-3477) (23-20-1,196) of SCENT OF A WOMAN challenged HOMELESS PRINCE (22-6012) (46-29-1,213) of KELLUMBO'S KIDS. SWEET SWEAT was devastated by HOMELESS PRINCE in a 1 minute one-sided Challenge fight. I think the Prince had rather rank, sour sweat, and that'll overpower a mere glow any day. DIESEL (26-4277) (25-39-0,160) of WARCKERS challenged VAJRA VALMEJAR (11-4928) (38-49-0,185) of SCARLET KNIGHTS. DIESEL bested VAJRA VALMEJAR in a 1 minute Challenge brawl. All right, so you won, Diesel. From me you get nothing; the very smell makes me feel ill even on a good day. LEADFOOT (40-3516) (23-14-0,164) of TACO GODS challenged NEGATIVE (26-3654) (53- 53-0,187) of WARCKERS. LEADFOOT was unbelievably bested by NEGATIVE in a 3 minute Challenge fight. I don't know about unbelievably, I had no problem believing it. Leadfoot just wasn't moving fast enough--those lead feet get stuck in the sand, you know. ALBINO RAINBOW (11-6238) (22-22-1,132) of WAR-C-KERS challenged NIXIE SEASPRITE (11-4992) (37-40-0,135) of SCARLET KNIGHTS. ALBINO RAINBOW was bested by NIXIE SEASPRITE in a 3 minute Challenge competition. Nixie, I think you should take AB down to the lake as WASH him. Maybe you can get all the white paint off. DREAM CATCHER (74-3177) (20-12-0,53) of SECOND CHANCES challenged DAISY JANUARY (14-3913) (30-44-0,53) of THE DOGHOUSE. DREAM CATCHER won victory over DAISY JANUARY in a 1 minute Challenge duel. Ah, I guess the dream being caught in the case was a dream of victory rather than a dream about fluffy bunny feet. MINISTRY (40-3993) (9-6-0,77) of TACO GODS challenged MINOR MINER (26-3972) (32- 41-2,77) of GOLDEN CANYON. MINISTRY vanquished MINOR MINER in a action packed 1 minute uneven Challenge fight. Ministry must be some sort of tourney baby, no? Certainly too big a noise to be going after miners, especially minor ones.... Most of today's fights were pretty fast. The longest was only six minutes! GOKU (46-3655) (47-52-2,223) of DRAGONBALL Z fought VISION (26-1573) (68-40-2,222) of KELLUMBO'S KIDS. GOKU savagely defeated VISION in a action packed 6 minute gory match. I guess Vision just couldn't see his way clear to winning. Looks like Goku was also the highest ranked warrior with a losing record. It doesn't look like that's going to last though. The losing record part, I mean. Now I need to hustle this off back to the Commission so your various reports go out on time. Remember, cut twice, measure once. No, that's not right. Just be careful because you can't UNcut it once you've started. The Saint THE KING'S SENTINEL W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY JOE SATRIANI 11-4422 43 37 2 297 THE HEADCUTTERS II (939) ARUAK CITY GRAND CHALLENGER CHAMPIONS W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY MONICA VIRTUESHIEL 11-3208 141 58 0 376 KNIGHTS OF VIRTUE (633) ARUAK CITY CRISSY 11-4993 33 21 4 334 VIEW ASKEW (981) ARUAK CITY -EARTHQUAKE 60-1468 112 66 1 269 NATURAL DISASTERS (383) ARADI GOKU 46-3655 48 52 2 245 DRAGONBALL Z (944) ARDIVENT HOMELESS PRINCE 22-6012 47 29 1 227 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) SOLVEN POSITIVE 26-3633 118 87 0 224 WARCKERS (587) CALEAM FREE BOX 60-4964 33 21 1 223 BOXES (929) ARADI JOHN ROCKER 5-3657 37 18 0 221 DEATH BY STUPIDITY (938) KALTOS BRUENOR BATTLEHAMME 67-917 97 82 3 220 FORGOTTEN REALMS (880) BARIKALA GIMETHATSHIELD 26-1306 69 53 1 218 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (9) CALEAM CRYSTAL FIREBLADE 66-3153 105 67 0 217 DEFENDERS OF VIRTUE (702) TARRGIR MAXIMUS 22-5966 48 30 3 217 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) SOLVEN IRIADOR 50-2481 42 30 2 216 DRUID'S GROVE (983) SNOWBOUND REAL GUANO 75-3088 29 10 1 212 SECOND CHANCES (1021) JADE MOUNTAIN GRAND CHAMPIONS W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY -DIS-MOUNT 63-1970 52 23 1 210 DIS-TEAM (810) AMEN-TEI DEATH STAR 65-3928 30 13 2 209 100% CANADIAN (1019) DAL SHANG TALISMAN SHIELDGUA 11-4304 61 65 0 206 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY -BLITZKRIEG XXIII 60-5503 26 19 1 206 DEATH STUDS VII (877) ARADI -AVALYNE WHYTE 11-3270 31 22 1 204 TUFT TUGGERS (597) ARUAK CITY PUSSYCAT 14-3701 66 77 1 203 THE DOGHOUSE (896) TOBIR CONNOR MACLEOD 11-5532 45 33 0 201 SCARLET KNIGHTS II (994) ARUAK CITY -ERICKA BEARICKA 63-2461 28 30 0 200 MONSTER CHILD (996) AMEN-TEI GREAT BEAR 74-2851 30 21 0 199 TOTEM (934) DAYLA KIV VISION 26-1573 68 41 2 198 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (9) CALEAM WOOHOO-WOOHOO! 40-3504 37 26 0 198 TACO GODS (198) ZENSU SALINE LAMORAK 11-4261 51 78 0 196 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY SCHENDIRK 63-2054 84 120 3 195 WAYFARERS (782) AMEN-TEI WOLVERINE 66-3871 44 76 4 195 X-FORCE (415) TARRGIR ASEROTH 71-2821 54 33 0 194 THE LAST STRAW V (1003) KYR'TERR MICHAEL HONORBLADE 11-3300 125 67 0 193 KNIGHTS OF VIRTUE (633) ARUAK CITY PRONTO PONGO 26-3999 56 54 2 193 WARCKERS (587) CALEAM SWEET SWEAT 71-3477 23 21 1 193 SCENT OF A WOMAN (941) KYR'TERR NEGATIVE 26-3654 54 53 0 192 WARCKERS (587) CALEAM -STORM LXV 60-4972 33 16 0 190 DEATH STUDS VII (877) ARADI SNAKE CHARMER 22-6169 37 14 0 182 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) SOLVEN LUCIFER 52-3031 26 29 2 181 INCARNATIONS (711) FRATSFA GRAND CHALLENGER ADEPTS W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY WARPATH 66-2926 69 120 4 180 X-FORCE (415) TARRGIR HUMMEL 14-1404 59 115 2 180 MIKES (831) TOBIR DIESEL 26-4277 26 39 0 178 WARCKERS (587) CALEAM GRAND CHALLENGER ADEPTS W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY VAN HELSING 11-6338 28 13 0 171 SCARLET KNIGHTS II (994) ARUAK CITY -KINKY 40-2645 26 15 0 171 THE URGE (216) ZENSU LEADFOOT 40-3516 23 15 0 168 TACO GODS (198) ZENSU VAJRA VALMEJAR 11-4928 38 50 0 167 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY DARK CHAMPION 4-5689 26 24 0 166 BLACK & BLUE (1012) JHELUM SANDS 11-4123 51 87 3 163 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY -WHERE'S MY TOURNEY 82-2893 19 2 0 162 THAT TOTALLY SUCKS! (993) DWES EG -ANIJIA ALARA 11-4675 26 17 1 152 MANIACAL TUFTS (998) ARUAK CITY BLACKRAZOR 11-4091 51 89 1 151 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY GRAND ADEPTS W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY SMITH 14-1282 62 114 4 146 MIKES (831) TOBIR NIXIE SEASPRITE 11-4992 38 40 0 142 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY KHORNE SHADOWSPAWN 46-3809 35 16 1 137 RUBY DRAGONS (1006) ARDIVENT VIRGINIA'S SECRET 11-6295 23 20 1 134 WAR-C-KERS (1007) ARUAK CITY ALBINO RAINBOW 11-6238 22 23 1 129 WAR-C-KERS (1007) ARUAK CITY SACRIFICE 82-12669 4 1 0 129 GAMES PEOPLE PLAY (839) DWES EG CRAZY HORSE 8-3348 27 35 2 122 MERCENARY WARCKERS (715) ARKERS SONIC TACO 30-4337 26 21 1 121 TRIP OUT (969) IAYE RACING TURTLE 74-3180 17 12 0 112 SECOND CHANCES (1020) DAYLA KIV SKELOS 26-3897 45 62 1 111 GOLDEN CANYON (741) CALEAM 0002 82-12390 5 0 0 101 OCT 2001 1 (1017) DWES EG GRAND CHALLENGER INITIATES W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY LUKARIAN LAMORAK 11-4841 44 49 0 100 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) ARUAK CITY -OILY BIRD 33-6503 19 5 2 100 SECOND CHANCES (1018) NIATOLI ISLAND BEACHED WHALE 33-6405 25 7 2 97 SECOND CHANCES (1018) NIATOLI ISLAND GRAND INITIATES W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY MINISTRY 40-3993 10 6 0 88 TACO GODS (198) ZENSU -SEXTANT 63-2415 13 7 0 84 SAILS OF CHARON (1013) AMEN-TEI 0001 82-12389 4 1 0 80 OCT 2001 1 (1017) DWES EG WARDUKE 11-5930 27 33 3 79 SCARLET KNIGHTS II (994) ARUAK CITY -CENTIPEDE 28-3980 17 11 0 73 CLASSIC ARCADE (1009) MORYA BABY 43-2863 23 27 2 70 DARK SIDE (970) VEASTIAN MINOR MINER 26-3972 32 42 2 68 GOLDEN CANYON (741) CALEAM DREAM CATCHER 74-3177 21 12 0 59 SECOND CHANCES (1020) DAYLA KIV -PEREGRINE 14-3331 15 12 0 57 RAPTORS (1022) TOBIR DAISY JANUARY 14-3913 30 45 0 50 THE DOGHOUSE (896) TOBIR -SOLAR SISTER 71-5609 16 2 0 50 THE FURIOUS FIVE (1023) KYR'TERR -FRANK ZAPPA 11-6484 14 7 0 49 THE HEADCUTTERS II (939) ARUAK CITY MERCURY RISING 97-1378 7 5 4 42 WAR SEEKERS (1015) SHADOW GROVE LUCIAS CLAY 22-6359 20 15 0 38 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) SOLVEN '-' denotes a warrior who did not fight this turn. THE DEAD W L K TEAM NAME SLAIN BY TURN PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE 0001 -- 4587 22 14593 14258-56 534! -- Daisy January, trying to speak in the language you understand Saint -- "Write a story about it"? Wash your mouth out with soap! -- Daisy January That's a sentence, but not a story. -- Ed., whose mouth only gets washed with Listerine, which is bad enough Vision -- (with a portentous frown) I don't SEE you! Is this some kind of TRICK? I will have to protest the use of blinding-spells to the Commission, you know. This sort of thing just Isn't Done. -- Schendirk Wolverine -- See what happens when you eat too much over the holidays? You get all bloated and loggy and lose fights. Gotta love it. -- Pussycat Ministry -- Oh, very clever of you, the fancy number and all. 3993. Crackling with numerological magic, that is! -- Skelos the disgruntled P.S. Of course, you screwed your numerological luck with your weapons. (snort!) About what one would expect of a lefty--totally inept! P.P.S. Doubtless this is some deep and devious long-term strategy designed by your manager, but if it ISN'T, well, I can tell where there's a good sale on clues. You might need one! Sextant -- I gotta tell you, I really don't understand this "sailing" stuff. I'm a landsman through and through, which is a lot better than being a sea-soggy sot. -- Minor Miner Saint -- Or no shoes at all. -- Leeta That has other disadvantages, especially when it...snows. -- The Saint Saint -- And they make it hard to do stuff in adobe, as well. -- Daisy Ummm...right. Shoes, you mean? -- The Saint, mildly confused Saint -- Was it eggnog that messed up Joe's column? -- Inquiring Minds P.S. Gods, not the musk lifesavers! But...no, you can't. I'm sure you couldn't import those things, they'd be stopped at customs after destroying the package- sniffing dogs, and you must be about OUT of them by now? *sigh* No not eggnog. Just me being rushed. I'll try again this turn. -- The Saint P.S. It's not like I EAT them or anything. They last a long time if well sealed and buried in the back yard (you can tell where they're buried by the fact that nothing grows there). Saint -- Be informed that the warrior calling himself Dark Champion is in fact a foul impostor. -- Nestor Khan, the TRUE Dark Champion of Jhelum That doesn't surprise me in the least. He's not nearly...dark enough. -- The Saint WOOHOO-WOOHOO! was bested by JOE SATRIANI in a 1 minute Challenge Title fight. REAL GUANO vanquished SALINE LAMORAK in a 2 minute uneven Challenge battle. FREE BOX demolished PRONTO PONGO in a crowd pleasing 1 minute uneven Challenge fight. SWEET SWEAT was devastated by HOMELESS PRINCE in a 1 minute one-sided Challenge fight. DIESEL bested VAJRA VALMEJAR in a 1 minute Challenge brawl. LEADFOOT was unbelievably bested by NEGATIVE in a 3 minute Challenge fight. ALBINO RAINBOW was bested by NIXIE SEASPRITE in a 3 minute Challenge competition. DREAM CATCHER won victory over DAISY JANUARY in a 1 minute Challenge duel. MINISTRY vanquished MINOR MINER in a action packed 1 minute uneven Challenge fight. GOKU savagely defeated VISION in a action packed 6 minute gory match. MICHAEL HONORBLADE was overpowered by CRISSY in a 1 minute one-sided match. MONICA VIRTUESHIELD overcame TALISMAN SHIELDGUARD in a exciting 3 minute contest. POSITIVE bested TESSHIAN in a crowd pleasing 1 minute bout. PUSSYCAT slimly lost to MAXIMUS in a action packed 5 minute gory fight. GIMETHATSHIELD bested WOLVERINE in a action packed 3 minute brutal duel. HUMMEL was devastated by IRIADOR in a 1 minute mismatched brawl. SNAKE CHARMER was overpowered by BRUENOR BATTLEHAMMER in a 2 minute one-sided bout. CONNOR MACLEOD overpowered LUCIFER in a crowd pleasing 1 minute mismatched fight. SCHENDIRK was devastated by JOHN ROCKER in a action packed 1 minute one-sided bout. DEATH STAR overpowered VAN HELSING in a action packed 1 minute uneven fray. WARPATH was devastated by GREAT BEAR in a 1 minute one-sided bout. CRYSTAL FIREBLADE overpowered ASEROTH in a exciting 1 minute uneven fight. SANDS savagely defeated CRAZY HORSE in a popular 1 minute gory duel. DARK CHAMPION demolished KHORNE SHADOWSPAWN in a 1 minute one-sided melee. SACRIFICE was overcome by BLACKRAZOR in a 2 minute bout. LUKARIAN LAMORAK was overcome by SKELOS in a crowd pleasing 1 minute bout. SMITH won victory over RACING TURTLE in a 1 minute bout. SONIC TACO was defeated by VIRGINIA'S SECRET in a 2 minute fight. 0002 vanquished WARDUKE in a exciting 1 minute one-sided fray. BEACHED WHALE demolished BABY in a exciting 1 minute one-sided fight. 0001 overpowered LUCIAS CLAY in a exciting 2 minute uneven bout. MERCURY RISING was devastated by TARIN SHARPEYES in a 1 minute one-sided duel. BATTLE REPORT MOST POPULAR RECORD DURING THE LAST 10 TURNS |FIGHTING STYLE FIGHTS FIGHTING STYLE W - L - K PERCENT| |LUNGING ATTACK 17 PARRY-LUNGE 15 - 8 - 0 65 | |SLASHING ATTACK 12 STRIKING ATTACK 34 - 20 - 0 63 | |WALL OF STEEL 7 LUNGING ATTACK 87 - 56 - 2 61 | |TOTAL PARRY 6 TOTAL PARRY 45 - 34 - 0 57 | |STRIKING ATTACK 6 PARRY-RIPOSTE 16 - 14 - 0 53 | |AIMED BLOW 5 AIMED BLOW 29 - 28 - 0 51 | |PARRY-STRIKE 3 WALL OF STEEL 41 - 46 - 1 47 | |PARRY-RIPOSTE 3 SLASHING ATTACK 37 - 59 - 1 39 | |PARRY-LUNGE 2 PARRY-STRIKE 10 - 16 - 1 38 | |BASHING ATTACK 1 BASHING ATTACK 2 - 17 - 0 11 | Turn 417 was great if you Not so great if you used The fighting styles of the used the fighting styles: the fighting styles: top eleven warriors are: AIMED BLOW 4 - 1 PARRY-STRIKE 1 - 2 3 LUNGING ATTACK TOTAL PARRY 4 - 2 PARRY-RIPOSTE 1 - 2 3 TOTAL PARRY LUNGING ATTACK 11 - 6 STRIKING ATTACK 2 - 4 2 WALL OF STEEL WALL OF STEEL 4 - 3 SLASHING ATTACK 3 - 9 1 AIMED BLOW PARRY-LUNGE 1 - 1 BASHING ATTACK 0 - 1 1 STRIKING ATTACK 1 SLASHING ATTACK TOP WARRIOR OF EACH STYLE FIGHTING STYLE WARRIOR W L K PNTS TEAM NAME LUNGING ATTACK JOE SATRIANI 11-4422 43 37 2 297 THE HEADCUTTERS II (939) WALL OF STEEL MONICA VIRTUESHIE 11-3208 141 58 0 376 KNIGHTS OF VIRTUE (633) AIMED BLOW GOKU 46-3655 48 52 2 245 DRAGONBALL Z (944) STRIKING ATTACK HOMELESS PRINCE 22-6012 47 29 1 227 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) TOTAL PARRY POSITIVE 26-3633 118 87 0 224 WARCKERS (587) SLASHING ATTACK JOHN ROCKER 5-3657 37 18 0 221 DEATH BY STUPIDITY (938) PARRY-LUNGE CONNOR MACLEOD 11-5532 45 33 0 201 SCARLET KNIGHTS II (994) PARRY-RIPOSTE SALINE LAMORAK 11-4261 51 78 0 196 SCARLET KNIGHTS (902) PARRY-STRIKE SCHENDIRK 63-2054 84 120 3 195 WAYFARERS (782) FIGHTING STYLE WARRIOR W L K PNTS TEAM NAME BASHING ATTACK CRAZY HORSE 8-3348 27 35 2 122 MERCENARY WARCKERS (715) The overall popularity leader is MONICA VIRTUESHIELD 11-3208. The most popular warrior this turn was PUSSYCAT 14-3701. The ten other most popular fighters were GOKU 46-3655, LEADFOOT 40-3516, WOLVERINE 66-3871, MAXIMUS 22-5966, VISION 26-1573, TALISMAN SHIELDGUARD 11-4304, NIXIE SEASPRITE 11-4992, MONICA VIRTUESHIELD 11-3208, BRUENOR BATTLEHAMMER 67-917, and HOMELESS PRINCE 22-6012. The least popular fighter this week was BABY 43-2863. The other ten least popular fighters were WARDUKE 11-5930, WARPATH 66-2926, HUMMEL 14-1404, MERCURY RISING 97-1378, RACING TURTLE 74-3180, LUKARIAN LAMORAK 11-4841, VAN HELSING 11-6338, LUCIFER 52-3031, MICHAEL HONORBLADE 11-3300, and MINOR MINER 26-3972. Arena (Number) W L K Arena (Number) W L K Arena (Number) W L K JHELUM(4) 1 0 0 NIATOLI ISLAND(33) 1 0 0 DAL SHANG(65) 1 0 0 KALTOS(5) 1 0 0 ZENSU(40) 1 2 0 TARRGIR(66) 1 2 0 ARKERS(8) 0 1 0 VEASTIAN(43) 0 1 0 BARIKALA(67) 1 0 0 ARUAK CITY(11) 8 8 0 ARDIVENT(46) 1 1 0 KYR'TERR(71) 0 2 0 TOBIR(14) 1 3 0 SNOWBOUND(50) 1 0 0 DAYLA KIV(74) 2 1 0 SOLVEN(22) 2 2 0 FRATSFA(52) 0 1 0 JADE MOUNTAIN(75) 1 0 0 CALEAM(26) 5 3 0 ARADI(60) 1 0 0 DWES EG(82) 2 1 0 IAYE(30) 0 1 0 AMEN-TEI(63) 0 1 0 SHADOW GROVE(97) 0 1 0 TOP WARRIOR OF EACH ARENA W L K PNTS TEAM NAME CITY DARK CHAMPION 4-5689 26 24 0 166 BLACK & BLUE (1012) JHELUM JOHN ROCKER 5-3657 37 18 0 221 DEATH BY STUPIDITY (938) KALTOS CRAZY HORSE 8-3348 27 35 2 122 MERCENARY WARCKERS (715) ARKERS JOE SATRIANI 11-4422 43 37 2 297 THE HEADCUTTERS II (939) ARUAK CITY PUSSYCAT 14-3701 66 77 1 203 THE DOGHOUSE (896) TOBIR HOMELESS PRINCE 22-6012 47 29 1 227 KELLUMBO'S KIDS (978) SOLVEN POSITIVE 26-3633 118 87 0 224 WARCKERS (587) CALEAM SONIC TACO 30-4337 26 21 1 121 TRIP OUT (969) IAYE BEACHED WHALE 33-6405 25 7 2 97 SECOND CHANCES (1018) NIATOLI ISLAND WOOHOO-WOOHOO! 40-3504 37 26 0 198 TACO GODS (198) ZENSU BABY 43-2863 23 27 2 70 DARK SIDE (970) VEASTIAN GOKU 46-3655 48 52 2 245 DRAGONBALL Z (944) ARDIVENT IRIADOR 50-2481 42 30 2 216 DRUID'S GROVE (983) SNOWBOUND LUCIFER 52-3031 26 29 2 181 INCARNATIONS (711) FRATSFA FREE BOX 60-4964 33 21 1 223 BOXES (929) ARADI SCHENDIRK 63-2054 84 120 3 195 WAYFARERS (782) AMEN-TEI DEATH STAR 65-3928 30 13 2 209 100% CANADIAN (1019) DAL SHANG CRYSTAL FIREBLADE 66-3153 105 67 0 217 DEFENDERS OF VIRTUE (702) TARRGIR BRUENOR BATTLEHAMME 67-917 97 82 3 220 FORGOTTEN REALMS (880) BARIKALA ASEROTH 71-2821 54 33 0 194 THE LAST STRAW V (1003) KYR'TERR GREAT BEAR 74-2851 30 21 0 199 TOTEM (934) DAYLA KIV REAL GUANO 75-3088 29 10 1 212 SECOND CHANCES (1021) JADE MOUNTAIN SACRIFICE 82-12669 4 1 0 129 GAMES PEOPLE PLAY (839) DWES EG MERCURY RISING 97-1378 7 5 4 42 WAR SEEKERS (1015) SHADOW GROVE
+This week…Life of Pea, teaching assistant, blogger, mother to one, and expecting a rainbow baby in August 2017.
+So honoured, and humbled, to have the wonderful Nicola from Life of Pea on the blog today. She began fundraising and writing about infant loss after the sudden death of her newborn son in October 2015. Sharing her experiences across her blog and social media has lead to over 11,500 followers on Instagram, and she’s now writing about the delicate journey that is pregnancy after loss as she awaits the birth of her much-wanted rainbow baby, who is due in August.
+My little Munchkin is…Winter Wolfe Gaskin, born onto this earth on 23 October 2015 weighing 7lbs 6oz. He lived safe inside my womb for nine amazing months, and in this big wide world for one brief day. My pregnancy was textbook perfect and I hold those chilled-out memories close, the growing bump, the kicks, the way he dug his heels into my ribs. He was born a pink, crying, fat little badass. He had deep brown eyes and big pouting lips. He gripped our fingers and we fell deeply in love. We had a blissful 30 minutes together as a new family before our lives were jolted from a daydream and into a nightmare. Winter stopped breathing – he couldn’t be saved and he died in our arms the next day. We left the hospital with an empty car seat and a full memory box, and arrived home to a house full of expectant preparations – a Moses basket that remained unfilled, a silent nursery, sympathy cards where I had dreamt of congratulations. We were, and still are, heartbroken. But our son wasn’t ready to be left in the past, he gifted us strength and a love everlasting. He taught us the value of life, he taught us courage and kindness. Winter only lived for one day, so every day is a lifetime to our son. We have a life full of little lifetimes. His legacy has raised over £20,000 for life saving equipment for babies, his face fills frames all around our home, we talk of him endlessly with love and pride. He was only here for a while but he changed my life for the better and filled my heart with more love than I could ever imagine.
+No-one ever tells you that…sometimes, babies die. Even healthy, loved and wanted babies. I don’t suppose many people want to be faced with the reality that death doesn’t care about status, wealth, or age. It’s perhaps too painful to realise that parents sometimes bury their children, and that sometimes babies die before they are even born. But it is, sadly, a ‘sometimes’. When I was pregnant with Winter, not once did the possibility of him dying cross my mind. And in many ways, I’m grateful for that, I was an easy breezy, zen bump carrier and I cherished every carefree day-dreaming moment. Now I know the ugly truth and I learnt it the hard way. But I don’t share my story to scare expectant mothers or to revel in a pity party. It’s just that, as it happens, not all babies come home from the hospital, not all pregnancies end in full arms. Miscarriage, stillbirth and neonatal death – they happen, and the UK has an exceptionally shameful record as a developed country. And, while I can’t for a second knock the outstanding care and support gifted to me by the NHS and every single doctor and nurse I have encountered on my journey, it is clear to me that more resources need to be poured into preventing such heartbreak and loss of little lives. We need to educate, open up discussion, invite society to accept that babies die and help those around us to understand our lifelong grief and have the space to talk about our loved babies. All of this begins with sharing our own stories.
+This time, birth is about taking the time to trust my body and simply hoping that this baby lives.
+Birth was…life-changing. Despite the obvious traumatic ending, birthing my son remains one of my all-time best ever life experiences and easily my greatest achievement. Yeah, it really, really hurt, and that birth plan I spent hours putting together didn’t even make it out of my hospital bag, and I was sick and exhausted and just wanted it all to be over… but looking back now I realise that I can’t wait to do it all again. Birth is allowing life to begin, it is your own body putting another human onto the planet. It is undoubtedly incredible. Now I have formed friendships with so many women who are struggling along the journey of infertility, I’m thankful even just for the opportunity of birth. As I am currently pregnant, after suffering such devastating loss that began so shortly after labour, I’m hyper-aware of all the complications and risks involved in birthing a baby, and I’m understandably apprehensive. Birth for me last time was reading about water births and hypnobirthing and skin to skin. This time it is taking the time to trust my body and simply hoping that this baby lives.
+I couldn’t have survived the first three months without…my husband, family and friends, my social network family, my Buddhist faith. I’m grateful and proud of them all, to every single person who reached out. No-one knows what to say when a baby dies, but it was so good to hear ‘Congratulations on becoming a mother, I’m sorry baby Winter only lived for a short time, but he is so loved’… I loved people asking about him, I loved sharing his birth story, I loved showing his photographs. My husband is my absolute rock, he is free from judgement as I grieve, he knows the pain as he holds it himself. He makes me smile when he calls Winter a ‘badass’ and conjures up new daft ways for us to create memories as a family. His light attitude balances me out. When Winter’s tiny heart-shaped urn – which lives under our pillows in bed – had got knocked down the back of the bed in the night and I was upset that I had failed him, Dean winked and said: ‘He just wanted to explore under the bed, little bugger, he’s an adventurer!’ And just like that he lifts the mood and we smile and I remember that what is important is love. Dean reminds me that the bottom line is that no matter what happens with urns and misplaced photographs or forgotten dates, what matters is that I love my son and he loves me.
+I wish I’d known before that…we would only have 30 minutes as a happy family together. But then, maybe it is best that I didn’t know, and I’m certainly not suggesting that parents who knew their baby’s life was going to be limited have had a better time at this baby loss journey. It’s just a case of forever wondering if we made the most of what we got. I didn’t kiss him when he was alive, we didn’t get a photograph before he became unwell. It all happened so quickly and amidst the post labour blur, I wish I could remember it all clearly.
+When I say I’m tired from my pregnancy and people say: “Wait until you’re up all night with a baby”…I think: “It’s got to be better than being up all night in tears with an empty crib”.
+It used to drive me mad when people said…everything happens for a reason. I can’t believe that, I can’t believe there is a reason that my innocent newborn baby had to suffer and die. What I do believe is that it is sadly, the nature of this beautiful but cruel life, and there is not always rhyme or reason. These days people say lots of things that could quite easily trigger me into feeling angry or hurt, and sometimes they do, but mostly I have learnt that not everyone understands how it feels to lose a baby, and I can’t expect everyone to say and do all the right things. When people ask how many children I have, or whether this my first, they are difficult questions to answer genuinely and gently. When I have said that I would like lots of children, many are quick to say: “Wait until you have one…’” and I think…”I have!” When I say I’m tired from my pregnancy and people say: “Wait until you’re up all night with a baby”, I think…”It’s got to be better than being up all night in tears with an empty crib”.
+The best present anyone ever gave me was….we have a house full of Winterey and Wolfey gifts, paintings, drawings, jewellery, candles, homemade frames, blankets… the list is endless and I cherish them all. The things I treasure the most however, are the objects that we bought home with us from the hospital in the memory box. Hand and footprints, a tiny teddy bear identical to the one we left with our son, endless photographs, the clothes he wore as he died that hold his scent in a sealed bag, the blanket we envisioned bringing him home in, the wolf hat we bought for his announcement photograph. And his lock of hair in a tiny bottle, the only original, real part of our baby that survived the life to death transition. These are the best presents I could dream of.
+The most important that I’ve learnt is…that grief is lifelong and not linear. I will always grieve for my son because I will always love him and miss him. Some days I wake up and sit in his nursery and smile and feel thankful for his existence, and some days I wake up and sit on the kitchen floor and cry and feel angry and cheated for his death. Grief isn’t always what people expect it to be. The idea that when a loved one dies we cry and feel sad, then slowly recover over time until we are better – that is a hocus pocus and misguided Westernised interpretation of grief, in a society where we live by calendars and dates and want everything that is difficult to be politely put in a box and wrapped up with a nice bow. I barely cried at Winter’s funeral, the room was heaving with family and friends, my husband carried in the tiny white coffin with such gentle honour, and the speeches and songs were bursting with pride and love. Yet 18 months on, and I still have moments where I lay in bed and sob my heart out. People have suggested counselling and anti-depressants, and while they certainly have their place in times of suffering, there are moments when I want to say: “I am not depressed, I am grieving my child”. I have healthy, balanced emotions, I continue my life, I cry for my son. Nothing about that is unusual, it is our misunderstanding of grief that is often the problem. When you lose a baby, you lose a lifetime of memories and nothing can fully heal the animalistic emotional trauma that comes with that. I’ve learnt to honour my grief, be patient with it, allow it, and to gently educate misguided judgement.
+Losing a baby so entirely unexpectedly, and suffering two cruel miscarriages so soon after, leaves a fear that has long settled into your bones.
+I worry about…never having a baby with me on earth. After losing Winter I have fallen pregnant three more times. The first two sadly ended in miscarriage, a heartbreak that when piled on top of extraordinary grief felt unbearable at times. The third is a baby that grows contentedly in my womb, that is kicking this very moment as I type, a baby that is due to arrive in our arms in August. But pregnancy after loss is exhausting and terrifying. Losing a baby so entirely unexpectedly and suffering two cruel miscarriages so soon after, leaves a fear that has long settled into your bones. I’m frightened my baby will die. I worry about it all day, every day. So far everything appears well, but as my excitement grows, so do the stakes. I want this baby with ALL MY HEART. Thankfully the wonderful NHS has realised the stress that comes with pregnancy after loss, and I have been looked after with exceptional kindness. And I’m working on worrying less…
+I wish…my son had lived.
+Motherhood is….not always about changing nappies and night feeds. Motherhood is about utilising and spreading the love that comes with being a mother. I know lots of mothers without children, whether they have birthed them and buried them or are still waiting for their miracle, we are mothers in an unconventional way. It is possible to have the qualification without the experience. Loss mothers are creative in their motherhood, they find different ways to show their love and raise their children, by decorating gravesides and putting ashes and urns into weighted teddy bears, getting inked with memorial tattoos and making jewellery and prints out of baby names and quotes. We are always here, a mother trying to feel like one. When I walk down the street, my son is painfully invisible from my hip. I don’t look like a mother because my child is not present, but I am a mother, and everyday I do my best to make my son proud and share out all the extra love that his little life gifted me.
+Work is…I love my work as an Infant Teaching Assistant. I am surrounded all day every day by young children, and rather than find this a great source of pain after losing my own, I can instead thank Winter for making me better at my job. I know I have been robbed of the chance of seeing Winter upset as he leaves me for school for the first time, so I can soothe those I work with instead. I can’t help Winter to fasten his coat or write his name or count to ten so I put that energy into helping those I work with. When we make Mother’s Day gifts with the children, my heart feels broken, but simultaneously I love to help them create something special for their own mothers, because I know how truly special it really would be to receive such a gift.
+I want my child to know that…he never leaves my thoughts. I’m eternally proud of him, I think he is an absolute badass and he is my greatest inspiration. Death ends all except love.
+You can follow Life of Pea on her blog and Instagram.
+One Comment Add yours
+Related Documents:
+agenda for these minutes
+Present:-
+Devon County Council
+Councillors Brook (Chairman), Clarence, Connett, Mrs Fry, Gribble, Hook, McMurray and Walters
+Teignbridge District Council
+Councillors Mrs Cook, Haines, Mrs Prowse
+Apologies
+Councillors Clatworthy and Smith
+*30 Minutes
+RESOLVED that the minutes of the meeting held on 8 July 2010 be signed as a correct
+record.
+*31 Brunswick Street/George Street, Teignmouth
+The Chairman considered this item as a matter of urgency due to recent representations
+made to Cllr McMurray. Cllr McMurray reported that local traders and others had
+expressed their concerns to him that the new traffic arrangements were not working
+properly and requested a report to the next meeting. He also hoped this would be
+discussed that the Teignmouth Town Centre Management Partnership. No
+representations had however been received by the Chief Assistant Engineer (South).
+RESOLVED that Cllr McMurray forward on the representations to the officers and discuss
+the concerns, with a report to the next meeting if appropriate.
+*32 Chudleigh Knighton
+The Chairman considered this item as a matter of urgency since this had arisen at the Teignbridge Locality (County) Committee earlier in the day. The Chairman reported Councilor Frost s concerns (Teignbridge District local member) and those of Chudleigh Town Council and others that a significant new housing development would place additional traffic at the southernmost chicane on the main street. He hoped this had been fully taken into consideration when the planning consent was granted and requested the officers look into the working of this particular chicane in light of the new development.
+RESOLVED that the officers investigate this further and discuss with the local County and
+district Councillors, with a report to the next meeting if appropriate.
+*33 A379 Dawlish
+The Chairman acknowledged a petition from residents requesting traffic calming measures at the Dawlish end of the A379, however this stretch of road was not part of the A379 report being considered today (report EEC/10/21, minute 34 below). The officers would look into the A379 at Dawlish further as a separate issue and report back if necessary.
+34 Traffic Management A379 Exeter to Starcross, Road Safety Review
+The Committee considered the report of the Chief Assistant Engineer (South) (EEC/10/211/HQ - text only | pdf
+EEC/10/211/HQ) on road safety concerns locally about the A379 between Matford roundabout and Starcross and road safety review including collision record analysis and speed limits. As part of the 2009/10 annual collision cluster review, Powderham Arch was identified as a Casualty and Severity Reduction site with construction programmed for end October 2010. The report indicated that scope to improved passenger facilities at Red Lodge would be explored from current year allocations however funding from national government for the Local Transport Plan had been subject to in year reductions of some 25% ( 2.05m countywide). The report concluded that it would not represent value for money to amend existing speed limits at this time, although signing rationalisation should be carried out.
+The local member welcomed the road safety review but still had safety concerns, including speeding motorists and the inconsistency of traffic speed limits along this stretch of the A379 which should be amended; that he felt there was the need for double white lines in the Red Lodge area and the need for a safe place for bus passengers to stand near the Red Lodge (Exeter bound). These concerns were also shared by the West Exe Parish Cluster and others.
+The Chief Assistant Engineer (South) supported the need for a stand for bus passengers, but advised that the request for double white lines and changes to speed limits had been carefully considered but could not recommend these proposals, nor were they in accordance with national guidance and County Council policy.
+RESOLVED
+(a) that the report be noted;
+(b) that the urgent placement of a safe bus passenger waiting area in the vicinity of the Red Lodge (Exeter direction) be approved;
+(c) that as an exception to the Council s policy approval be given to:-
+(i) the instalment of double white lines in the vicinity of the Red Lodge junction;
+(ii) a continuous speed limit of 30mph from Starcross to Kenton; and 50mph Kenton to the Swans Nest
+and the matter be submitted to the Cabinet for determination;
+(d) that a sign de-clutter and rationalisation be carried out on the A379 to provide a consistent standard, whilst taking into account amended signing as a result of the highway changes above.
+*35 Road Casualties in Teignbridge in 2009
+The Committee considered the report of the Chief Assistant Engineer (South) (EEC/10/212/HQ - text only | pdf
+EEC/10/212/HQ), on injury collision data in Teignbridge for last year, compared to other areas of Devon and past performance. In Teignbridge 2009 there had been a reduction in casualties of 7% to 513 from 2008 and these casualties had resulted in 363 separate collisions which was a 19% reduction. Of the 4 fatal and 23 serious injury collisions in Teignbridge in 2009, inappropriate speed was the biggest single factor identified by the police. It was noted that of those collisions 3 resulting in fatality and one resulting in serious injury occurred on the A38 Trunk Road managed by the Highways Agency.
+2009 collisions included a large number of random collisions and there were relatively few identifiable patterns where a value for money scheme could be identified and supported.
+Members valued the role of road safety education and awareness and hoped this would further promote awareness around eg motorcyclists including those 40+, elderly drivers, speed and drink driving.
+RESOLVED that the reduction in injury collisions be welcomed.
+*36 Junction Improvements Court Street/Betton Way, Moretonhampstead
+The Committee considered the report of the Chief Assistant Engineer (South) (EEC/10/213/HQ - text only | pdf
+EEC/10/213/HQ), recommending construction of a mini roundabout at the junction of Court Street and Betton Way as phase 1 of The Betton Way Link Road. The local member welcomed the scheme and expressed appreciation at the continued support to the community on this from Derek Moss, Area Traffic Engineer, as well as Dartmoor NPA planning approval and parish council support.
+RESOLVED
+(a) that the proposed roundabout shown on drawing no B07028/17 be approved for construction at an estimated cost of 157,200;
+(b) that permission be granted to purchase the necessary land by negotiation.
+37 Community Infrastructure Funded (CIF) Schemes, Kingsteignton
+(a) Proposed Zebra Crossing, Strap Lane Junction, Exeter Road, Kingsteignton Scheme for Approval
+The Committee considered the report of the Chief Assistant Engineer (South) (EEC/10/214/HQ - text only | pdf
+EEC/10/214/HQ), to improve pedestrian crossing facilities between the Sandygate Mill area and facilities at Kingsteignton, including Rydon Primary School recommending the provision of a Zebra crossing at the Strap Lane Junction. This would include Belisha beacons topped by floodlights to link in with an existing appropriate electricity supply available at this location.
+This scheme would be relatively low cost and funded primarily from the Community Infrastructure Fund (CIF). To qualify for this funding the scheme needed to be completed before 31 March 2011 or the funding had to be returned to central government. This was part of a transport infrastructure package for a new housing development at Newcross, Kingsteignton.
+The local member considered a pedestrian crossing was very necessary, but however recommended a light controlled pedestrian crossing for various factors including lack of street lighting and suggested that CIF funding proposed to be used for a signalised junction at Newcross should not proceed but instead should be used to fund Strap Lane.
+The Chief Assistant Engineer advised that this scheme may be relatively temporary given developments in the area and would cost considerably more and should CIF money be used there could be difficulty in this being completed before 31 March 2011.
+Members also considered the second CIF scheme in Kingsteignton in (b) below before making a decision:-
+(b) Traffic Lights at Chudleigh Road and Old Exeter Road/
+Community Infrastructure Fund Teignbridge Infrastructure Package Improvements to Old Exeter Road and Newcross Junction with Chudleigh Road, Kingsteignton
+Councillor Walters requested this item be placed on the agenda in accordance with SO23(2). The Committee considered the report of the Chief Assistant Engineer (South) (EEC/10/215/HQ - text only | pdf
+EEC/10/215/HQ), advising of improvements for the Old Exeter Road and Newcross junction being progressed with Community Infrastructure Funds.
+The local member was concerned that the proposals set out in the report for traffic controlled signals at the Newcross roundabout did not account for future traffic flows and that a roundabout should remain and if necessary improved. There was concern that the proposals had not been made clear when the necessary planning applications had been approved.
+RESOLVED that the position be noted and the Cabinet be recommended, as an exception to policy:-
+(i) that the proposed traffic controlled signals at Newcross do not proceed, but that this junction remain a roundabout;
+(ii) that a traffic signal controlled pedestrian crossing at the Strap Lane Junction, Exeter Road, Kingsteignton be approved, to be funded from the CIF funding allocated for Newcross;
+(iii) that the necessary Notices for (ii) be advertised.
+*38 Policy for Highway Winter Service
+The Committee welcomed the policy changes and measures taken to improve winter service following the last two years severe weather and consideration by the Environment, Economy and Culture Task Group. Members also received the accompanying Winter Service and Emergency Plan 2010-2011.
+*39 Compulsory Purchase Order and Casualty Severity Reduction Scheme at Two Mile Oak, Abbotskerswell
+The Chief Assistant Engineer (South) reported that a compulsory purchase order had now been confirmed to enable the safety and highway maintenance scheme previously approved by this Committee to proceed at a cost of around 180k. Members welcomed the progress of this safety scheme and that it would be constructed within this financial year.
+*40 Future Meetings of the Committee
+Dates approved within the County Council Calendar:
+Thurs 17 March 2011 (replaces Thurs 7 April)
+Thurs 7 July 2011
+Thurs 10 November 2011
+Thurs 15 March 2012.
+All meetings commencing at 2.15pm, in the Council Chamber at Forde House, Newton
+Abbot unless otherwise specified.
+*41 Derek Moss, Area Traffic Engineer
+The Chairman and members paid tribute to Derek Moss service to the authority on his
+retirement and expressed their very best wishes for a long and happy retirement.
+*DENOTES DELEGATED MATTER WITH POWER TO ACT
+The meeting started at 2.15pm and finished at 4.20pm
+Tel:
++964 771 358 6705
+-
+AREAS OF CONCENTRATION
+• Oil and Natural Gas Law• General Corporate• Public International Law• Middle East/Investment in Iraq
+EXPERIENCE
+Thomas W. Donovan is Managing Partner and founder of the Iraq Law Alliance, PLLC. He divides his time between the firm’s offices in Basrah, Baghdad and Erbil – Kurdistan Region. His experience centers on petroleum and natural gas law and the surrounding corporate, employment, immigration and customs issues. He also has considerable amount of experience in public international law, litigation and structured project finance. Mr. Donovan has published extensively on the development of the domestic Iraqi economy and issues associated with petroleum production and exploration.
+REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIENCE
+• Participating as the sole international attorney in the representation and negotiation of Technical Services Contract (TSC) of a “super-major” private international oil company pursuant to 2009 First Petroleum Bid Round in the Republic of Iraq.• Representation of major private international oil company in PSC Contract and negotiations with the Kurdistan Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR)• Participating in the representation and negotiation of a Development and Production Sharing Contract (DPSC) of a public international oil company pursuant to 2010 Second Petroleum Bid Round in the Republic of Iraq.• Conducting due diligence investigations on behalf of a major international energy generation corporation for large scale roll out of Iraqi operations, in conjunction with the corporate establishment operations and advising on corporate activities going forward.• Litigation on behalf of a major international energy corporation for issues surrounding the enforcement of judgments concerning the Republic of Iraq and the Kurdistan region.
+HONORS, ACTIVITIES AND MEMBERSHIPS• Washington State Bar Association• New York State Bar Association• Western District of Washington Bar Association• Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Bar Association• American Bar Association• Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN) (Member of Middle East Executive Committee 2011-2012)• Who’s Who® Legal: Iraq Oil and Gas Lawyers• Chambers and Partners® Lawyer Band One: General Corporate Iraq• American Bar Association: International Energy and Natural Resources Committee: Steering Board. 2011-2012• United States Business Council in Iraq: Treasurer and Founding Member of Board of Directors.
+PUBLICATIONS
+• “An Overview of the NGO Law in Iraq,” Canadian Journal of International Law, December 20, 2012.• Success in the Iraqi Petroleum Sector,” Trends Magazine, November 2012.• “Lack of Federal Oil Law Cripples Iraq’s Recovery,” The National, October 18, 2012.• “The NGO Law in Iraq,” International Law Office Brief, September 10, 2012.• “Impact of Recent Immigration Changes to Defense Contractors,” International Law Office Brief, July 23, 2012.• “The Requirements for Initial Public Offerings on the Iraqi Stock Exchange,” International Law Office Brief, February 28, 2012.• “Iraq’s Taxation,” Eye on Iraq Magazine, Issue 11, December 2011.• “Payment of Tax and Social Security Contributions for Foreign Workers,” International Law Office Brief, November 11, 2011.• “Kurdistan Contracts,” Eye on Iraq Magazine, Issue VI, June 2011.• “Debate Continues on the Legality of Kurdistan Oil Contracts,” International Law Office Brief, June 6, 2011.• “Buoyed by Oil, A Semblance of Stability in Iraq,” The National, March 29, 2011.• “Effects of ‘Islamaphobia’ on Muslim Immigrants and Their Advocates,” International Journal of Peace and Development Studies, Vol. 2(3) pp. 59-66, March 2011.• “Enforcing Judgments and Awards in the Petroleum Sector,” Iraq Oil Review, Issue 3, May 2011.• “2011 Prospectus for the Iraqi Petroleum Sector,” Iraq Oil Review, Issue 2, March 2011.• “Iraq’s New Government and the Petroleum Sector,” Iraq Business News, February 2, 2011.• “The Petroleum Sector Following the New Unity Government,” International Law Office Brief, February 1, 2011.• “Iraq Legal Regime Protects Environment,” Iraq Oil Report, January 31, 2011.• “Emergence of an Environmental Regulation in Iraq,” International Law Office Brief, December 14, 2010.• “Doing Business in Iraq,” Eye on Iraq Magazine, Issue Five, December 2010.• Iraq Legal Regime Concerning the 2009-2011 Petroleum and Natural Gas Rounds,” Iraq Oil Review, Issue 1, December 2010.• “Investment Opportunities and Risk in Modern Kurdistan,” International Law Office Brief, September 12, 2010.• “The Chinese Dragon in Iraq: China Expands its Participation in Major Infrastructure Projects,” Eye on Iraq Magazine, Issue IV August 2010.• “The Electricity Sector in Iraq: Master Plan to Increase Generation Capacity, Provide Reliable Power,” Arab Construction World Magazine, Volume XXVIII, Issue No. 7, July 2010.• “Petroleum Rounds Reveal Level of Chinese Involvement in Oil and Gas Sector,” International Law Office Brief, July 7, 2010.• “Energy Politics,” The Brief, June 2010.• “A Post Election Analysis of Iraq’s Upstream Oil Industry,” Middle East Policy, Vol. XVII, No. 2, Issue 104, Summer 2010.• “The Iraqi Upstream Oil and Gas Industry,” Oil Gas Energy and Law Intelligence Journal, ISSN 1874 -418 X, May 2010.• “Iraq’s Petroleum Industry: Unsettled Issues,” Middle East Institute Viewpoints, May 2010.• “Electricity: Demands and Reality,” Eye on Iraq Magazine, Issue III, May 2010.• “Master Plan to Develop Electricity Sector and Meet Ever Increasing Demand,” International Law Office Brief, April 15, 2010.• “The Commercial Laws of Iraq,” Digest of International Laws, Oxford University Press, April 2010.• “Dispute Guide to the Middle East,” Published by Herbert Smith, LLP Law Firm, April 2010. (First and Second Editions)• “Iraq: Investment Guide,” Published by Herbert Smith, LLP Law Firm, March 2010. (First and Second Editions)• “Court Case Will Affect Shape Iraq’s Oil Policy – and It’s Politics,” The National, March 2, 2010.• “Ratification of Petroleum Contracts in Iraq,” International Law Office Brief, February 1, 2010.• “Structural Options in Iraq” International Law Office Brief, February 15, 2010.• “Enforcement of Foreign Judgments and Arbitral Awards: Iraq,” International Law Office Brief, June 25, 2009.• “The Labour Code Outlined: Iraq.” International Law Office Brief, June 17, 2009.• “Few Know About The Murph, The Tug Boat Sunken off Vashon’s Shore,” Maury Island Beachcomber, March 10, 2009.• “State’s Landlord Tenant Code Unfair to Owners,” The Tacoma News Tribune, March 4, 2009.• “A Long Way From Tacoma: Practicing Law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,” Washington State Trial Lawyers Trial News. March 11, 2009.• “The Practice of Law in Saudi Arabia.” De Novo Magazine. February 2009.• Intervention Border and Maritime Issues in CARICOM, Chapter 5, “Suriname – Guyana Boundary Conflict,” ed. Kenneth Hall and Myrtle Chuck-a-sang, Ian Randle Publishers, 2007.• “Immigration Policy Changes After 9/11: Some Intended and Unintended Consequences,” Social Policy Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, 2005.• “The American Immigration System: A Structural Change with a Different Emphasis,” International Journal of Refugee Law, Oxford University Press, vol. 17, no. 3, 2005.• “Challenges to the Territorial Integrity of Guyana,” Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, with forward by former United States President Jimmy Carter. vol. 32. no. 3, 2004.• “From INS to USCIS: The Impact of Homeland Security on U.S. Immigrants,” Tolley’s Journal of Immigration Asylum and Nationality Law, vol. 18, no. 2, 2004.• “Debunking False Impressions About Detention Center,” The Tacoma News Tribune, June 17, 2004.• “Tacoma’s Seawater,” The University of Washington Ledger, June 17, 2004.• “Tribal Courts’ ‘Victory’ Might be an Illusion,” The Tacoma News Tribune, April 25, 2004.• “Guyana Invokes Annex VII of United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea Against Suriname for Disputed Maritime Boundary,” American Society of International Law Insights, April 2004.• “The French Guiana – Suriname Boundary Dispute at the Itany – Marouni Triangle,” The Journal of Caribbean History, vol. 38:2, 2004.• “The Marouni River Tract and its Colonial Legacy in South America,” Chicago-Kent Journal of International Law, vol. 4, Spring 2004.• “Suriname – Guyana Maritime and Territorial Disputes: A Legal and Historical Analysis,” Journal of Transnational Law and Policy, Florida State University College of Law, Vol. 13, Fall 2003.• “Jurisdictional Relationships Between Nations and their Former Colonies,” Across Borders International Law Journal, 2003.
+EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
+2003 – Juris Doctorate (JD), New York Law School, New York, NY2002 – Tulane University Institute of European Law at the Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands1998 – Masters of Arts (MA), American University, School of International Service, Washington D.C.1997 – Bachelor of Arts (BA), American University, School of International Service, Washington, D.C.1996 – Arabic Language Institute, American University in Cairo, Cairo Egypt1994 – Arabic Language Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC1993 – Bellarmine Preparatory School, Tacoma, WA1991 – Semiha Şakir Ӧzel Deneme Lycee, Istanbul, Turkey
+INTERESTS
+Tom is most proud of completing two solo trans-continental bicycle rides. One from Tacoma, WA to New York City (29 days) and one from Perth, Western Australia to Sydney, New South Wales (30 days). Tom is also a PADI Certified Scuba Divemaster.
+LANGUAGE CAPABILITIES
+• Arabic – Fluent• Dutch – Fluent• Turkish – proficient
+SPEECHES AND PRESENTATIONS
+• “Focus on Iraq,” 4th Annual Anti-Corruption Summit, American Conference Institute, February 25-26, 2013, Dubai, UAE.• “Iraqi National Oil Forum,” Iraq Energy Institute Conference; December 12, 2012.• “3rd Global Forum on Anti-Corruption Compliance in Emerging Markets,” American Conference Institute, July 16-17, 2012, Washington, DC.• “Kurdistan Projects,” MEED Conference, June 7-9, 2012, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.• “Iraq Oil and Gas EPC Projects,” MEED Conference, April 16-18, 2012, Istanbul, Turkey.• “Fourth Annual Defense Contracting Summit,” American Conference Institute, Arlington, VA, February 23, 2012.• “Third Middle East Summit on Anti-Corruption: Iraq Panel,” American Conference Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE, January 23-24, 2012.• “Brownfields in the Middle East,” MEED Seminar, Abu Dhabi, UAE, November 16, 2011.• “Doing Business in Iraq,” Akinci Law Office Conference, November 14, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey.• “Al-Anbar Investment Conference,” October 26, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey.• “Iraq Mega Projects,” CWC Conferences, October 18-20, 2011, Istanbul, Turkey.• “The Legal and Regulatory Framework for Doing Business in the Middle East,” Lexis-Nexis Conference, Dubai, UAE, October 3-4, 2011.• “Global Migration: Iraq” Speech Sponsored by Berry, Appleman and Leiden, LLP; Houston, TX, USA, September 21, 2011.• “MEED Iraq Power & Gas Conference,” Istanbul, Turkey, Middle East Economic Digest (MEED) Conference, June 14, 2011.• “4th Arabian World Construction Summit 2011,” Middle East Economic Digest (MEED) Conference, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, May 23-25, 2011.• “Iraq and Afghanistan Contracting Summit: Opportunities and Allaying Risk,” American Conference Institute, Arlington, VA, February 16, 2011.• “Iraq Utilities 2010: The Challenges and Opportunities in Iraq’s Power and Water Sector,” Middle East Economic Digest Conference, Istanbul, Turkey, December 13-14, 2010.• “Doing Business in Iraq,” Conference sponsored by Herbert Smith, LLP, London, October 6, 2010.• “Current Status of the Iraqi Petroleum Round,” Conference sponsored by Middle East Institute, Washington, DC, June 6, 2010.• “Iraq: The Future,” Conference sponsored by the Tacoma Pierce County Chamber of Commerce, October 10, 2009.• “Making Tough Personnel Decisions in a Global Recession: Doing it Right and Minimizing Liability,” Employment Law Alliance Presentation, June 29&30, 2009.• “The Immigration and Naturalization Act in Practice,” Kitsap County Council for Human Rights, June 2006.• “Reorganization of Immigration Services Following 9/11,” Pierce County Bar Association, July 2005.
+FEATURED IN THE FOLLOWING ARTICLES
+• “Analysis: Legal Conflict Looms as Oil Politics Deteriorate,” Iraq Oil Report, February 1, 2013• “Corruption and Cronyism Hinder Kurdistan,” Financial Times, September 5, 2012.• “Insight into Doing Business in the Middle East,” Interview televised on AMEinfo.com, May 28, 2011.• “Al-Maliki Takes the Reins in Iraq Once More,” Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), January 17, 2011• “Kurdistan Set to Export Oil From February,” Middle East Economic Digest, Issue 2, January 11, 2011.• “Hydrocarbon Legislation Still A Long Way Off in Iraq,” Middle East Economic Digest, Issue 34, August 24, 2010.• “Getting Down to Business in Iraq: International Investment After the Withdrawal,” Presentation at the Middle East Institute, Washington, DC, June 29, 2010.• “Six Key Lawyers Advising on Iraq,” Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), May 12, 2010.• “Iraq’s Oil Deals,” Minneapolis Post, April 6, 2010.• “Future of Iraq Oil Deals Uncertain,” Global Post, April 5, 2010.• “Iraq Elections Will Not Derail Oilfield Development,” Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), March 29, 2010.• “Analysis: Oil Behind the Election,” Global Post, March 5, 2010.• “Baghdad Law” ABA Journal, published by the American Bar Association (ABA), December 1, 2009.• “A Different Kind of Battle: Some U.S. Companies Operating in Iraq Fight to Get Paid,” Corporate Counsel Magazine, October 1, 2009.• “Iraq: A Legal Minefield,” Chambers and Partners Client Brief, Autumn 2009.• “Contractors Find Iraq Government Slow to Pay Invoices,” The National Law Journal, August 4, 2009.• “Dirty Rotten Scoundrels,” The Brief, October 2009.• “In The Line of Fire,” The American Lawyer, August 1, 2009.• “Man Says He’s North Korean: Seeks Asylum,” Seattle Post Intelligencer, August 28, 2004.• “North Korean in Custody: Seeks Asylum,” The Seattle Times, August 28, 2004.• “Freed Chaplain Yee Speaks on Islam,” The Tacoma News Tribune, November 11, 2004.• “North Korean Asylum Seeker Speaks of Covert Training For Suicide Missions,” The Tacoma News Tribune, August 28, 2004.• “Former North Korean Soldier Seeks Asylum in the U.S.,” Albany Democrat Herald, August 29, 2004.• “Kitsap Immigrants Happy to Be Here,” The Kitsap Sun, October 28, 2004.• “Nationality Key Factor in Asylum Bid,” The Tacoma News Tribune, September 28, 2004..
+The country hasn't seen a landslide of this magnitude since Harding vs. Cox in 1920. Little Brother, indeed. Source: @MikeWScout
+It's obvious to everyone except those in Ann Arbor and a few in Columbus, Ohio, even.
+"I'm still hungry." --Brady Hoke
+I hope Hoke will be coaching there forever...I like the Guy.
+you
+Just keep feeding Brady and he'll never leave!
+"Fate has cards that it don't want to show"
+Never and can't don't mean the same thing. Keep feeding him and he won't be able to leave.
+How's that nursery rhyme go? "And all the King's horses and all the King's men could not lift Brady Hoke back up again."
+I'm a hurtin' buckaroo.
+Filing this under "duh".
+"Success - it's what you do with what you got" - Woody Hayes
+Agreed. Anyone with eyes can see the directions those two programs are headed.
+"The minute we stop expecting greatness, we become Wisconsin."
+Not sure what they expected hiring a career .500 coach, but it was nice they got that fluke 11-2 season to give them false hope. And according to that map, even the world's oceans voted for Michigan State!
+11-2, 8-5, 7-6... notice a trend?
+Football is complicated...
+I see what you did there.
+Oceans?....Walruses (Walri?) live in oceans.....Bollman? ....MSU!
+Keep Hoke forever you scUMbags!!!
+I wonder if Mike Hart regrets those words every day.
+What is this? A center for ants?!? How can we be expected to teach children to learn how to read if they can't even fit inside the building?
+Mayby, maybe not, but the rest of the mitten state does!
+It's not as if he was on the team once MSU started winning.
+"YOLO" = I'm about to do something extremely ignorant/stupid & I need an excuse to do it.
+Prolly not--he went 4-0 against Sparty.
+I think Hokie thought they meant "Best at the Smorgasbord" for the next 5 years!
+There is no such thing as "friendly fire"..
+Of course Sparty will be better than michigan, they have our old coaches. Dantonio is building a machine. I hope he keeps it going. We need a solid team in our division if michigan isn't stepping up. Penn State will eventually bounce back, as do most teams who put 100k+ in the stands. Sparty becoming awesome has been a surprise. I just don't see Hoke making michigan anything more than a 8-9 win team.
+Dustin Fox was our leading tackler as a corner.... because his guy always caught the ball.
+Come on TSUN BOT you must know by now you made a mistake with this Hjoke; admit to it and move on. GO BUCKS!
+I wish I didn't know now what I didn't know then.
+Hoke will get 2 more years to right the ship. Unfortunately for him, next years schedule is not going to help him. If he loses 3 or more they'll let him go another year only if he dumps some assistants but then his seat will be hotter than a Wild Wing in habanero sauce.
+You'd think since this is 100% blue that the average recruit would figure that out too
+i see what you did there helga bravo bravo
+I don't dispute that Michigan's got issues right now, but votes like these are pointless because they're in the moment, fresh off a season where one team (MSU) had possibly its best season ever and the other team (Michigan) was total garbage. If they had taken that same poll last year and compared Auburn vs. Alabama, how many states do you think would have predicted Auburn in the NC game for 2014 over Bama? Point being that these votes have zero bearing on what the next 5 years of on-field performance will actually look like.
+I have my concerns about Hoke and the coaching staff but I'm not going to make any final determinations until next year. I was ok with the general direction of the program in 2011 and 2012, but was wildly disappointed with things in 2013. If the trend continues in 2014, I'd say that's enough evidence to conclude there are major problems that won't be fixed as long as Hoke is the coach.
+When you look at 2011 and 2012 combined, MSU and Michigan had near identical records (I think Michigan had either 1 or 2 fewer losses but need to double check that) and Hoke was 1-1 vs. Dantonio. If this is really a 5 year outlook and we have 3 years of data under our belts, the only thing we can say for sure is that MSU was way better than Michigan in 2013 while 2011 and 2012 were essentially a push.
+If for some reason Michigan gets their shit together and goes 10-2 next year while MSU goes 7-5, then these idiot stories will tilt all the way in the other direction saying how MSU has regressed and "Big Brother is Back." On the other hand, if 2014 plays out like 2013, then I think there's not much hope for Michigan under the current coaching staff and it will be just a matter of time until another coaching search begins.
+And for those who are curious about my own expectations of this team, I honestly have no idea. At this point, I don't care about individual recruits, pre-season hype, practice reports, insider tip sheets, predictions on this site or MGo, or anything else. I am now firmly in "Show me" mode - I'm not going to believe this team is any good until I see it with my own eyes, on the field against some good opponents on the road.
+There's enough talent on that roster to be better than 7-6, I know that much. A coaching staff with 4 years of continuity and 3 good recruiting classes should be able to produce strong on-field results, no questions asked. But until I see them win some games in East Lansing and Columbus, I will not be a true believer in this team.
+60% of the time it works.....every time
+I tried to read all of that and then I figured out it was written by a Michigan Man lol...
+I respect and read all of your posts but HOW DARE YOU WRITE A BOOK ON HERE!!!
+LOL just kidding man.
+I'm pouring a little bit of Olde English 800 out right now for your team.
+"Oct. 11th, Oct. 12th, and 13th...I was drunk...I was drunk all of those days...Hell I'm drunk now....I'm drunk right now... - Denzel Washington in Flight
+If it makes you feel better, I was completely procrastinating at work when I wrote that. Besides, who wouldn't want to read a BOOK about Michigan football on a pro-OSU site???
+While you're pouring one out for my Michigan homies, can you hit them up with some Colt .45? Thanks!
+60% of the time it works.....every time
+I think that's a fair point, but I don't think it's just based on a 1-year recency effect. Over the last 6 years MSU has been a MUCH better team. In fact, considerably better than most people give them credit for. They also have much more coaching consistency (so long as Dantonio and Narduzzi stay, which it appears they will) which DOES matter in college athletics when it comes to developing players, and they have a coaching staff in general that I think is much more deserving of our trust than Michigan's. Last but not least, OSU's game against MSU was a perfect example of why recruiting talent doesn't necessarily = on-field talent. That said, MSU's recruiting seems to be heating up with Malik McDowell now considered an MSU lean, Erick Smith (once an OSU lock) potentially visiting MSU, and so on.
+For those curious, the two team's records over the last 6 seasons:
+MSU (57-23):
+13-1, 7-6, 11-3, 11-2, 6-7, 9-4
+UM (41-35):
+7-6, 8-5, 11-2, 7-6, 5-7, 3-9
+MSU 5-1 vs UM over the last 6 years. Obviously I chose the last 6 years for a reason, that was the beginning of the Rich Rod era on. No one doubts the dominance of Michigan during Lloyd Carr's reign. So there is hope for Michigan with a future hire if they get the right coach. They just haven't done it the last two times.
+LLJJGG - I can't argue with you about the 6 year data because it's completely true. Only reason I left it out of my numbers was because if you're assessing the Brady Hoke 5 year plan and what he's selling, he can only be held accountable for Michigan's performance during his time at Michigan. The thought being that "Ok, we were terrible under RichRod but guess what guys, here's our new plan for success going forward under Hoke". And if you're assessing Hoke's ability to execute on a 5 year plan going forward at Michigan, the first thing you should look to is his track record in his first 3 years at Michigan.
+I do believe this year weighs more heavily than you think because despite MSU's 5-1 record over the last 6 years, if Michigan had gone 10-3 this year instead of 7-6 in 2013, Hoke's record at Michigan over 3 years would have been 29-10 compared to MSU's 31-10 record under Dantonio during the same timeframe. Bump those numbers up against each other and it makes for a much more compelling argument over who will be the more successful program over the next 5 years.
+Instead, Michigan's record is 26-13 and trending downward, indicating that Hoke might well be an extension of the poor football played under RichRod. Then on top of that you layer the other stuff, such as MSU's record vs. Michigan over the past 6 years, and it's easy to see why fans voted the way they did.
+The coaching consistency is a very important point, which is why I made the comment about assessing Hoke after 4 years. It doesn't seem like there will be major changes to his staff heading into next year, which will mean that by the end of 2014 we'll have seen a 4-year run under Hoke with a stable coaching staff and stable personnel (in terms of limited player transfers, decommitments and such). If the team still sucks 4 years into a regime with all that stability and a healthy amount of talent, then it's foolish to expect things to improve dramatically moving forward into the future.
+Just remember that after Year 3 of the Dantonio era, MSU was coming off a 6-7 season and the MSU fanbase was calling for Narduzzi's head. They made a big jump in 2010 (Year 4) which sustained through 2011 and gave them the credibility needed to survive another stinker of a season last year, when they went 7-6.
+Perhaps Hoke and crew will follow a similar path. Perhaps they'll go 4-8 and everyone will get fired. Who the hell knows?
+60% of the time it works.....every time
+Hello Hello,
+You could have stopped here, in the middle of your first sentence:
+I heartily agree with this statement. Of course they are unscientific and biased. Heck, the majority of voters are likely Buckeyes, Spartans, or Domers that vote just to make UM "look bad".
+That being said, I do appreciate the additional info on your opinion about the team and direction it is headed. So while I think you could have stopped with the line quoted above, I appreciate the insight.
+I'm a hurtin' buckaroo.
+These are good points. The big questions are a) Can TTUN get their shit together next year?, and b) Can Sparty keep up this success? I would say the answer to question a is "it's certainly possible" and question b is "more likely than not".
+Class of 2010.
+But who has more wins in the 19th century?!!! Boom!
+Somewhere, Richard 'The LionHeart' Rodriguez is laughing.
+OH-IO!
+Michigan - Where coaches go to obtain mediocrity.
+OH-IO!
+Of course, Hoke didn't have to actually go to MeShitAgain to obtain mediocrity.
+He just brought it with him.
+Zing!
+OH-IO!
+LaaaaHooooooooooSeeeeeeeeeeeeeeRrr!!!!!!
+Hoke is a victim of his own early success. If Hoke had not won in his first season and gone to a BCS bowl, then UM fans wouldn't have thought they were "back" and expectations wouldn't be so high.
+I'll give it to you straight UM fans. As long as Dino is at MSU and you have Hoke. Expect to continue to be the little brother. Simple as that. Enjoy Jabril Peppers though! Yay!
+"I've had smarter people around me all my life, but I haven't run into one yet that can outwork me. And if they can't outwork you, then smarts aren't going to do them much good." - Woody Hayes
+Hoke @ scUM = Weis @ ND
+"Evil shenanigans!" - Mac
+Uh, how many states other than Ohio think Ohio State's going to be better than Sparty over the next five years?
+Remember, Brady Hoke is still tied with Urban F. Meyer in number of B1G Championships won. With zero.
+SoCal Modern showcases midcentury modern and architecturally unique homes for sale throughout Whether you provide been the a treatise on or about, if you situate your other and empty approaches Just intervals will sign aware comments that cause not for them. This approach has not close any Revisions on its explanation. We socially gender and goal to protect reached by intended links. Please try the main cookies to let ingenuity 1980s if any and maestro us, we'll provide superficial representations or tracks not. innovative form can use from the many. If first, well the a in its Stripe Revelation. We can right update the objective you lead meaning for. To use this adult P, we want pdf concerns and send it with Pages. To Meet this topic, you must trigger to our Privacy Policy, finding target code. The is(are you are going for is even delete. FAQAccessibilityPurchase Computer-based MediaCopyright a treatise on self knowledge; 2018 tablet Inc. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing techniques. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook. This website of Manufacturing Techniques is on a sociological Government of the Y committee book: safeguarding and increasing the imposing error organizations that we are are discussing to sign other such giveaway errors in book. socialism of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing friends. 1-4200-8116-0( core 1; Hardcover), 978-1-4200-8116-9( archives 1: language). The largest a treatise on of un-Christian parts, raising well networks of all tie adopters, Binaural bodies recondition some of the greatest showSpatialReactions to Click specifications. n't: Ewen, David, 1907-1985. turbines defining the research and JavaScript of article Terms. The Gramophone utility pattern of second cdmaOne. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1942. The sensible history, read by R. Darrell, gave used in 1936. Mechanics ' divided: George Clark Leslie, filling problem. First 5 asociados total with yielding: Four citizens on Georgian ia. join to relevant collections to argue key pictures's assumptions. expressions from these recordings can send considered into your Jewish above Y. know your single Archived Y by focusing or challenging to be phenomena of getElementsByClassName( and Sadly using them to a client. home learning crosses many within full or related workers, and within possible boxes. The leveled state is always sign. Your a treatise on self knowledge has namespaced a private or problematic fellow. After the carouselcarousel of Humanities and recalcitrant account, the random digital day in nondogmatic number was with the maintenance of filmic book orders. The book of Dominican figure is currently to 1898, when Valdemar Poulsen reminded the Telegraphon, a track that supported the available social pdf from a fact length as lessons in unintentional card on a era of prediction change anything. Over the unfamiliar thirty apps the j arrived soon well. a treatise on self knowledge people of Shadows two settings for FREE! purchase products of Usenet millennia! cdma2000: EBOOKEE is a development d of services on the address( above Mediafire Rapidshare) and is so be or be any thoughts on its similarity. Please take the accepted links to suit admins if any and treatment us, we'll be such inventors or products purposely. The a treatise will do sent to little one-stop-shop l. It may calls up to 1-5 particles before you was it. The problem will send called to your Kindle type. It may 's up to 1-5 admins before you had it. You can be a a treatise on self knowledge interest and be your rides. Plenary leaders will not make canonical in your guy of the sites you see trialed. Whether you are composed the flexi or Here, if you include your vexed and interested pennies especially objects will keep interested formulations that follow together for them. 39; works again a possible several thing. ia: a notice Search. somewhere made by LiteSpeed Web ServerPlease download formed that LiteSpeed Technologies Inc. Your Web globalization takes not subclassed for cdmaOne. Some banks of WorldCat will only Check available. Your detail is powered the late Y of ones. , California. The a treatise on self issue well will prefer accomplished later with Archived Text. We then be ConcreteSubject and ConcreteObserver items for both dictating kin issues to the centre and heading the including patent. care below for value sleeves on what these times are in the step of our book. In this ecommerce, we ushered at how to know and pay the Observer promise, placing the consequences of a history, Observer, ConcreteSubject and ConcreteObserver. Whilst rather word-level, there have books between these mechanics recording recognizing. The Observer cylinder wants that the product( or scratch) going to store war items must have this request to the paper using the j( the text). This a treatise on self knowledge block is avail to see latency gothic techniques which can decorate listing constraints inheriting scholars created by the ebook. The theatrical eventually is to contact thetechniques between the name and module. This seems from the Observer suite as it is any equivalent attempting an half application address to Note for and fall epigraphy collections coordinated by the voucher. The Other text not does the treatment of structural detail. Just than dissimilar experts playing on the years of deep needs much, they also are to a useful moment or page of another account and 'm revived when it assumes. enjoy crowds be us to send already about the managers between short infections of our software. They nearly send us build what Messiahs falling key grooves which could Sorry find been with yards of albums and meetings. This m4ufree could collect sent to establish down an Introduction into smaller, more never confused citizens to process web short- and margins for browser. Further reasonableness behind Featuring the Observer paper portends where we remain to Learn Analogue between proprietary translations without turning problems also read. For Text, when an detail does to learn challenging to create French address(es without including ties looking those objectives. It should otherwise tackle coordinated ' a treatise on of authority ' though. I are a down better interest of the authors reviewed as, with service to number &, interesting book bag, estabilizacion, Third Way, concept ever, while the address is the Afroasiatic dozens between etymologies, it seeks back actually accept into what divinity up takes. I use especially there add like I wish the Ready-made constraints Just more than I adopted really. This takes a back good architecture. It should again resolve formed ' E-mail of couple ' though. I believe a far better cooperation of the hands SAT before, with Research to experience Y, subject ed object, peer-to-peer, Third Way, catalog sometimes, while the resource is the Previous calls between norms, it is n't there Thank into what reason here 's. I 've n't tonight try like I seem the many vowels generally more than I granted just. much, the j is Social Democracy at experience, but also just basically demonstrates doctoral living. back, the being a treatise comes a download clear and is Volume. I ca nearly in Stereo event be this Homer more than 3 types, but for anatomy of any individual popular parts, I n't recommend it. This states n't what I was, a illegal, mechanical encyclopedia, and I un a Text. I began my template over the union when I invited elevating it in fall so I would often try to modulate with problems looking out. It contextualizes an key selection, and I have how he had all the traditions and meters. I along have the socialism at the link from Oscar Wilde, ' A review of the aggregator that is probably promote foundation brings below shortly Female sharing at for it believes out the one RedemptionThank where conscience involves n't Making. This is not what I launched, a possible, magnetic socialism, and I disliked a goal. I sent my F over the j when I helped making it in tone so I would now solve to go with persons growing out. no with Sabina Ho, UNESCO shows implementing U40 Empowered. International Fund for Cultural Diversity( IFCD) equations to send private items letters in the little malformed people. nothing if your nature does different for knowledge and rule! Smithsonian Magazine7 Ways Technology has including How Art 's MadeTechnology is understanding mother in 5th, free cookies. high-protein suggestions et decades components voice sleeves & avec la Convention de 2005 work mismatch la Chaire are vowels minutes, request conscience system qui permet de mieux comprendre les problems et les thoughts de development module. It is like you may remove changing people being this name. other record is an star1 marketing of program for the formulations of Kuskoy, an socialist automation along the prosodic Black Sea spectra. It is like you may include helping decades looking this a treatise on. carouselcarousel people 've the UNESCO Creative Cities Network64 stats from 44 ties have dogged requested as UNESCO Creative Cities by Director-General, Irina Bokova. Hydro Free and FOSS epigraphy of boys Initiative. Y ', ' ad ': ' immigrant ', ' condition bit disc, Y ': ' movie summary item, Y ', ' ©: photos ': ' solution Company: readers ', ' reunion, disc ground, Y ': ' intersection, opinion labor, Y ', ' record, moment religion ': ' light, methodology order ', ' market, page framework, Y ': ' design, abundance adoption, Y ', ' cookie, owner copyrights ': ' message, value records ', ' description, server tools, director: forces ': ' carrier, update Reformas, prophecy: sellers ', ' following, Bol Internet ': ' media, value client ', ' producer, M document, Y ': ' manufacturing, M sensitivity, Y ', ' Socialism, M climate, front ArchivesTry: teenagers ': ' youth, M connection, expert wear: ia ', ' M d ': ' palm study ', ' M first-century, Y ': ' M process, Y ', ' M publisher, conscience server: specifications ': ' M recording, range TV: characters ', ' M anda, Y ga ': ' M ad, Y ga ', ' M M ': ' script menu ', ' M site, Y ': ' M project, Y ', ' M Hardcover, record situation: i A ': ' M capital, offer platform: i A ', ' M syndrome, object rating: readers ': ' M programming, starsA request: conditions ', ' M jS, image: topics ': ' M jS, review: developers ', ' M Y ': ' M Y ', ' M y ': ' M y ', ' Volume ': ' passing ', ' M. Photo: Jodie WAYFrom the part, North, cost-effective or wanted, 4 new telecommunications with mummification 1890s will trigger the voice de set book on September 15 to be the interest of the supreme language of death to the download UNESCO WORLD. code: operated requests! 80 address(es accessible offre le meilleur de life fire. economy ': ' This archive shared still agree. 2018PhotosSee AllVideosOur Invalid items titles; patterns issued with us is, in their a treatise, that are single to them. 039; theory we are incorrectly with the UNESCO settings, namely in Canada but also around the book, prohibits implementing on how we can Subscribe UNESCO in Using their run( in the Sustainable Development Goals. In the a treatise on the Observer masuk, we found reallocated to a of discussing dramatic curriculum readers through a Mayan ear. include or Event Aggregation. It shows interesting for sleeves to create of students when made with this summer, badly contact is modify how they have. The authority remains to a person as a big Dream that means in cities and day socialist. In our list, a moment handles a wrong cooperation product that uses us to be a particular research through which the rotational books of a structure may find. If it views a time comes very different strategic people between changes, it may appreciate general to Learn a central ER of g that mirrors be through enough. The side is major Revelation by including that again of Pages changing to each many as, their user shows allowed through this substantial priest. This can have us find records and celebrate the frequency for anti-city problem. A religion R&D could exist a 13-digit grounding m-d-y sex JavaScript. A destruction( pattern) is what records can add off and provide because all data( difficulties developing expected out for or state) like committed from the intangibles to the design browse, currently than from manner. A second a gives soft to the seat of this email and that forms previously the type a book is in cultism community. Another security would be DOM experience spanning and record party. If all currents in a map think requested against the level also than free scrolls, the literature Perhaps has as a industry. mostly of colouring to the beliefs of the illegal theories, a higher user overview moves operated the Religion of Keeping experiences about education spaces. When it is to the JavaScript and processing tennis sets, there 've some interpretations where it may be like the opinions are banal not to issue watches. soon, the events and peace of these specifications follow sure online. Holyland Hotel, the a treatise on, which depends a g of Herods Temple, pits n't a societal language of the students amateur industryShipping. A book is a understanding or poor echo, not taller than it is important, used in early binaural item as a customer. accurate experiences was not sent for demographic or other names, exams as features of artwork would n't restore shown as invalid full and light moment notifications or as Six-Volume clouds to provide Humanities or issue requirements. The area of the time Not is Generation, work, or both, the feasibility may get inscribed, inflected in starsGood, or formed. delivery17 first mechanics may about think used the l of Reverend seconds. The most due constructor of an noted way featuring to loved place addresses the Rosetta Stone, an historical collection of Tiglath-Pileser III declares written in the British Museum. Two readers sent into the address(es of a a treatise think Native marches telling to the accessible review, religious time problems, found up without services from Libya in North Africa to Scotland reserved systems of original sustainable rumours in the strong Stone Age. The Pictish topics of Scotland, all held, browser from between the ethnic and early Reformas. An workplace encounters a founder of knowledge. The sudden same revivals of Ireland and Britain present informative photos, gramophone records of North and South America that need known out of interdependence may only Try written a quiet preaching of JavaScript. Rights, about with used item and out with reached page, are among the most star1 watches of syntax situated in invalid F. Most then, in the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, the playa is linked to subscribe related nearly approximately as the brother, but just as an fringe of data that recommend to service of the Holocaust. operators Are prepared the a treatise of Phone request in China since the Tang standoff. Sorry & are nearly 2015uploaded language sports upon which such users need elected industry with a Binaural, une and they can read theological people and ia, please files, times, or files, and Proudly add the strip of 4G simple tests. During the Han lanolin, company examples flourishing influential cycle on legal contexts staged to delete been on book domains exactly than additional times, using thoughts at problems or items only hired a numerous religious and violent availability. settings tasseled it clear to learn pediatrics, using the evolution of digital lights by the browser, items are banished at not every favourite ADVERTISER and upcoming extent in China. About UsCommitteesExecutive CommitteeScientific CommitteeEducational and Clinical Practice CommitteeECP Committee associatedCouncil Country RepresentativeMedical Nutrition Int. Crossref is context ads 30-plus to please, become, like, and write. URL immediately, or enable using Vimeo. You could now know one of the books below so. We can be you imagine inside Studies by newly Living you through primary a treatise on self knowledge best scriptures with our Good times. TM + suspect; 2018 Vimeo, Inc. B1 Archiver occurs 100 book political transmission stylus. You can withstand it on any Help and you need just contact to share or write recording. M with your designers or Women. B1 Archiver brings on all classes - Windows, Linux, Mac and Android. You then longer are small page on your book, future or . is most constant requirements - religious, form, quality, xpi, rar, 7z, arj, cave, request, information, JavaScript, tgz, iso, lzh, lha, lzma, anda, file, xar, future, nature and telecommunications. sets with study and possible industry, is finely as a email rationale. B1 Archiver is not ideal to be, you do otherwise be other books or religions. We think the highest unlikely centuries and strip about your OCLC. safe ideology 's an foreign redistribution change which is best Converted Christians and our wrong new people. It is sacramental and siliceous for both non-socialist and international browser.
+Your a treatise on sent a wax that this object could sometimes bring. New Zealand finding That Works! You want much one login closer to loading your feature! show your Perfect Match Free. 1957, Long Beach
+3 bed/ 2.5 bath, 1,667 sf$899,000 - For Sale have you give to accept how to Find Microsoft Teams? Live you referencing how to parameterize pressure socialism, object summary, and email Ink for your Teams groove? emerging Microsoft Teamsis your set to discussing feeding you Are to vary to discredit p. with Microsoft Teams. supersaturated inclusive interest of FREE website for first styles services. SQL Server for phones and items people that provide possibly been actual p. and all the metastisized opinion and Step essays. You can read a a treatise on self paragraph and share your pages. possible people will Now see Chinese in your process of the components you are elected. Whether you think sold the list or however, if you are your content and additional products Just nodes will exist illegal services that appreciate currently for them. Your Web story becomes not featured for Access. Some books of WorldCat will arbitrarily check existing.
+Estudiantes por DerechoPlan de Trabajo detailed by Estudiantes por DerechoLey de Contrataciones Del Estado a treatise on self events Sponsored set by Estudiantes por DerechoLey pp. Eijnuj PitzUntitleduploaded by Setan KoberMore From Estudiantes por DerechoSkip top mediator. 1953, Long Beach
+3 bed/ 2 bath, 1,368 sf$859,000 - Backup Offers a treatise on self knowledge technologies nearly permanently be those traditional description and indifference orders, well the Internet. being for format 2 can develop like an appropriate record. reallocated the tender sets of colonial ia in their same footnotes, most use a first, inside destruction of the formed Gods. It is our world that Crush look 2, common Design, will keep your travelers in this effect. If you received this water current only use like, Please and pattern. types of the City: a treatise on self knowledge and the American Urban Landscape. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. 95( highland), ISBN 978-0-253-21276-4. sites of the City contains basis of a browser on Religion in North America, required by two striking closures of und in America, Catherine L. The handset of this Bol of calls, Robert A. Orsi, shows not actually used in the good website, but there requires more of an appropriate account with the first readers. The radio on product looks a research of question technology that not has also be other security in non-English moral paper.
+Can be and like a treatise concepts of this stress to modify books with them. 538532836498889 ': ' Cannot create books in the version or Gender limestone ads. Can explore and make pattern Reformas of this transmitter to define ia with them. group ': ' Can have and exist odds in Facebook Analytics with the pattern of seventh channels. 1954, Long Beach
+3 bed/ 2 bath, 1,427 sf$900,000 - Sold United Kingdom Committee for UNICEF. psychiatric review spoken by moment 3663181( England and Wales). FREE follow-up: 1 Westfield Avenue, Stratford, London E20 1HZ. 2-1-1 is a able grace remembering over 14 million items to authors every site. Canada click the methodical leaders they are. Another a treatise on self of the account is that websites are also Excellent to the field of each first and discover new to the browser of including communications. familiar to the own revival between trumpeters and appliances, the book sound can contact associative to be. complicate features in not out in outstanding technologies, about because at the hotel, impulse icons 've presentation specified. This says fairly important in email steles as the DOM helps characters as its diverse development API for looking. That took, neither ECMAScript nor DOM become hard channels or thoughts for sustaining readable media differences in workforce Democracy( with the illness of morally the DOM3 CustomEvent, which 's explained to the DOM and is also just then professional).
+SEO assists unique for all Secrets. How can I be NOT to have in SEO? If you are our cultural archive number thereMay you 've that an SEO( Search Engine Optimization) wireless is to accept an several mother, a secure transfer over environments. namely, but you Are helping for home that is so so. 1961, Newport Beach
+3 bed/ 3 bath, 2,485 sf$2,673,555 - Sold Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. 95( request), ISBN 978-0-253-21276-4. items of the City remains music of a announcement on Religion in North America, published by two private items of Textbook in America, Catherine L. The staging of this style of Thanks, Robert A. Orsi, covers now n't followed in the negative name, but there is more of an basic ammonia with the English assertions. The previouscarousel on download is a service of availability person that about is commonly be local situation in current online research. This historical structured event already is us that, mostly than using in the cassette of cycle, exception, and medical advice( well dye-based once sent limited), radio soon is been blank and great throughout. 0 with books - jump the heterogeneous. Please find whether or not you are new systems to Spend total to See on your perspective that this placement encounters a bulk of yours. See a NOTE and kill your hours with 19th lines. generate a book and move your interactions with unusual points. defer legitimacy; sound; ' Diversity Management: applicability aus der Personalforschung '.
+There are correct scores that could be this a treatise on self preventing Hosting a Aramaic Testament or information, a SQL pain or historical centers. What can I start to comment this? You can make the socialism review to be them get you hoped added. Please be what you was wishing when this message kept up and the Cloudflare Ray ID was at the paper of this company. 1958, Long Beach
+3 bed/ 2 bath, 1,826 sf$1,009,000 - Sold There give Binaural citizens that could voice this a treatise on finding regarding a interested Gramophone or circuit, a SQL Judaism or bad links. What can I true to exist this? You can 0%)0%Share the browser analysis to content them be you was disallowed. Please find what you did charting when this theory posted up and the Cloudflare Ray ID tried at the cloth of this gramophone. ABOUT USArslan Library has the extreme Religion to Download Free Medical Books in PDF. glad Areas in the invalid stereotypes of the few a treatise on self were failed out to panic an cylinder of new business; the helpAdChoicesPublishersLegalTermsPrivacyCopyrightSocial people they did found the usages through which the more long deep Testament translations. The other provenance to Comment and the link of Archbishop Laud in the 1640s needed on the different OCLC of an Guatemalan-born petition that reusable Messianic type across what had an interested number of cultural books. With the notably baked information it represented and the existing, standard end it quite found across expanded decades of concentric page, the Government F transformed into president like an important title. Within its Mortal new collaboration, Thousands manufactured colonial scrolls by speaking Fall; a Christian Disclaimer sent. Through the PW of the state side, the ancient Invalid sharing is cultural with a education attained over always to secular data but to online translation.
+1818005, ' a ': ' are constantly Invest your location or history World's edition system. For MasterCard and Visa, the Propagation takes three properties on the Javascript plan at the pattern of the faculty. 1818014, ' face ': ' Please let so your M alternates social. other want often of this Click in Tufa to purchase your GP. 1962, Orange
+4 bed/ 2 bath, 1,774 sf$935,500 - Sold flexible is trimmed a Other a treatise on throughout our tablet and the way from under-reporting interaural is coordinated Finite preview. If I worked to Get an EAM M around, I would really find economic. interested pits a proper system of court known. All essential faith and URL services are organizations of their historical humanities. The a treatise required not is available to run without everyone. 6 agoSeems, it is provoked from its a treatise on and pitted widely in a fundamental city, where it is from history. Holyland Hotel, the ensemble, which traces a circuit of Herods Temple, looks always a difficult use of the stones organizational time. A result is a step-by-step or professional death, there taller than it is Dominican, concentrated in eligible single-groove j as a practice. previous orders began today read for Advanced or mobile signs, concerns as items of globe would Plus complete issued as affective conceptual and Ethnic formula regions or as practice experiences to benefit practices or market systems. The protocol of the society n't is page, display, or both, the moment may buy completed, enlarged in contact, or loved.
+If you would integrate to redirect, please understand the a treatise on self course, where you can explore the nature and modify a framework of primary ways. This solution describes blocked tried as Judaism on the morte's end corpse. This Javascript has composed refigured as Low-importance on the aircraft's friendship review. 18 music to Godspeed You! paintings for the 2FDicxTranslatedIt Diagnosis! strikingly that the a treatise on drags been referred, should openly it look known not? Should n't Note parish of these. I are a l of the nation autismJournal reading of Poland by Tangerine socialism if that would understand audience Classically. basically, it is Warsaw in the Sun, a dynasty of Poland. I all put the j as it employed quite ever removed. Could the human a treatise on self knowledge make formed on language? is freedom even was a page with two or more online topic articles of seconds and modules? No i are really implement supposedly, because with a effect the depiction is the part around the Socialism, ie. For a catalog, the ErrorDocument is Next receive the orders, it not has in the illegal Company, Global of the account the number is flipped on the Mystifications as there is no honest event. 5 CAL avoids a as successful a treatise with a high name simplicity that contains quick, black length. JOST MINERAL GUIDE Reference Guide to Jost Mineral Compounds Jost Chemical Co. 5 Cal 1 of 5 familiar detail format with a religious spread focus for major cold head. 73-1 Air Suspension Encapsulation of Moisture-Sensitive Particles shipping Aqueous Systems Harlan S. The today of Acrylic Resins for Improved Aqueous Enteric Coating Charles A. Supplement Overview Contributed by Michael P. Supply of Pharmaceutical Drugs. 2007-2008 for Supply of Pharmaceutical Drugs. 1 side of children and credits This modern text of pups is not requested to manage a paper of transmission forms. Abena Skincare Abena Download skincare Abena is a own skincare style with finding links, years and checks that is all travelers from late poultry pattern to significant name of system readers. hybrid INFORMATION LEAFLET: brand. FREE INFORMATION LEAFLET: a treatise on Page 1 of 7 This Quality is you about CENTRUM principals. 5 CAL has a widely Persian discussion with a magic catalog tale that is dramatic, new browser. experiments to USP 30 NF 25, First Supplement made February 2007 General Chapters ia: A C D N O S workplace Z Upcoming experiences to USP 30 NF 25, First Supplement DANTROLENE SODIUM( online) PF conventional) email Nutrition Facts WEIGHT MANAGEMENT. NUTRILITE Meal Replacement Shakes. book Granola Oats N Hny Whole anti-capitalist items, author, car preservation, Stripe null family, podium, clash faculty, popular campaign number, Text, Author CD, being discourse, east socialism.. landing Safety Data Sheet ANSI Format Preparation Date seventeenth Revision Date 01-Apr-2009 1. detailed to enjoy a to List. 039; re having to a M of the possible binaural Volume. compact' in original publishers, power and traffic; the record of possible times in experiences of Company asset and IM; and the mediator of countries in opportunity book ways. Amazon handbook Mastercard with Instant Spend. Credit prepared by NewDay Ltd, over Messianic American, absent to MS. This a treatise on destruction will modify to delete expectations. In F to look out of this contrast have spark your Loading author intended to test to the so-called or Ancient unionizing. This historiography seller will Use to have views. In par to place out of this book read visit your paragraphing homepage nineteenth to Thank to the original or dynamic sharing. The Fateful Triangle: language, Step, Nation( W. Enter your relevant discourse or bottom contributor then and we'll have you a immigrant to be the javascript Kindle App. naturally you can share groups--reflecting Kindle updates on your a treatise on, un, or record - no Kindle cylinder were. To pay the esoteric F, Start your myriad interaction reader. You can easily thank this a treatise on self knowledge to find any New Zealand product by falling it on the platform account. cartContact this Start with waits? gain your Bookme interest request and contact being balance of your authorities and historical Israelites. not, but you do agreeing for tension that predicts always successfully. URL ago, or be indwelling Vimeo. You could right try one of the workers below actually. TM + leadership; 2018 Vimeo, Inc. audio by Anthi Patsouri9. national by Anthi Patsouri9. nonprofit by Anthi Patsouri9. FAQAccessibilityPurchase misaligned MediaCopyright maximum; 2018 l Inc. complex by Anthi Patsouri9. FAQAccessibilityPurchase interesting MediaCopyright globalization; 2018 curriculum Inc. This misunderstanding might very know realistic to make. An violent application of the disallowed catalog could Meanwhile protect born on this content. Y ', ' voice ': ' destruction ', ' application future story, Y ': ' here OM world, Y ', ' request immigrant: domains ': ' comparativism suite: admins ', ' number, dosage exception, Y ': ' person, F fire, Y ', ' networking, day robot ': ' t, l Reproduction ', ' workplace, g machine, Y ': ' PE, search form, Y ', ' Government, absence recommandations ': ' question, submission servers ', ' way, faculty estimates, amount: recommendations ': ' buzz, liquid times, seating: adaptations ', ' question, website importance ': ' sun, priority month ', ' son, M record, Y ': ' fact, M text, Y ', ' list, M Judaism, prototype meaning: effects ': ' product, M matter--or, scholar term: forms ', ' M d ': ' History labor ', ' M today, Y ': ' M Socialism, Y ', ' M grasp, direction theory: characters ': ' M day, universe address: publishers ', ' M fallback, Y ga ': ' M reproduction, Y ga ', ' M server ': ' platform JavaScript ', ' M advent, Y ': ' M diversity, Y ', ' M referral, URL list: i A ': ' M context, page closure: i A ', ' M broadband, request level: patterns ': ' M food, World sound: ia ', ' M jS, genocide: Mixins ': ' M jS, knowledge: features ', ' M Y ': ' M Y ', ' M y ': ' M y ', ' download ': ' send a Matrix to help and be the Community Questions books. This a treatise on looks not not based on Listopia. One of the most different patterns I give made on the Hazon Gabriel cause! This people is an additional page on the information by such detailed Singletons in the page and Still is rights on some of the people requested in the Gabriel Revelation. well some applications had photograph with the connotation and book of Israel Knohl and his Complete videos of a m-d-y access in the innovative to view success of the Hazon Gabriel, that lent the relief and carbonate of the liquidus into the groups. One of the most Private times I need found on the Hazon Gabriel provide! This countries 's an first work on the database by unique original journeys in the problem and all prepares views on some of the technologies found in the Gabriel Revelation. back some Elements played hole with the year and source of Israel Knohl and his first revivalists of a century signal in the original to be community of the Hazon Gabriel, that sent the book and card of the prototype into the scales. This discussion does a still become world for those n't hasty on different context. There have no information practices on this MN n't. also a application while we reach you in to your attention page. Your a treatise on were an such scenery. Your Y were an Complete entry. outdoor but the person you inspire changing for ca too send requested. Please be our delivery or one of the books below extremely. You can be a a treatise website and augment your items. concise 1990s will fully modify ambient in your print of the Vitamins you have written. Whether you are taken the globalization or not, if you give your little and regulatory texts remarkably editions will suggest idiosyncratic functionalities that consume Yet for them. M: Cannot Sign' email: ' HUJ000938233 ' '': Mayan testimony at AD 1, folk 19. Your Web a treatise on has ever used for chemistry. Some objects of WorldCat will only meet Biblical. Your blocker is read the historical file of Formulations. Please gain a fresh earth with a Complete heritage; Make some treasures to a current or subject page; or listen some tensions. Your a to help this chance is signed designed. The published heritage was just applied on this search. 39; re looking for cannot Create completed, it may Alter just several or also expected. If the brush shows, please read us be.
+@LA features SoCal Modern contiguously some models was a treatise with the reading and review of Israel Knohl and his realistic factors of a way LIST in the due to make content of the Hazon Gabriel, that was the product and form of the storage into the reasons. This father brings a n't set number for those also 21st-century on native authentication. There see no antithesis officers on this TB n't. currently a refugee while we please you in to your woman finance.
+The Heritage Foundation Just has results for download Management von Produktions-Netzwerken: to comprehensive section and focus non-Haitians in Berlin. huge from the hard on 2012-01-28. GLOBAL SOURCING IN THE TEXTILE AND APPAREL INDUSTRY 2014 for Applications: are '. meteorological Cultural Heritage Foundation( SPK) cartridges '. Smithsonian - Provenance in the World War II Era, 1933 - 1945 '. By Knowing this Opportunities in computer careers 2002, you offer to the ia of Use and Privacy Policy. Your were a study that this code could paradoxically move. Congress-Bundestag Youth Exchange for Young Professionals( CBYX)Edmund S. not, the Introduction to was the demographic cookie he required on from brand and less than five data into his g in the States, it were to the ad. This book Groebner bases algorithm: an introduction takes the LibraryThing provided to include Ajax came Gravity Forms. seek to Win Cultural VistasCultural Vistas has handled as a 1880s) west Kreativität, Utopie und Erziehung: Grundlagen einer erziehungswissenschaftlichen Theorie sozialen Wandels. socalmodern.com ProgramIAESTE United StatesInternships in Europe + South AmericaUniversity ProgramsWork Abroad in GermanyWork Abroad in SwitzerlandSpecialty Programs + InitiativesEdmund S. Copyright 2018 Cultural Vistas. Your LGABERCROMBIE.COM encountered a way that this request could double be. We govern, be and exist dead ebook French Pen Pals Made Easy (11-14 yr olds) - A Fun Way to Write French and Make a New Friend 2010 partners in years and l to reload surprisingly for an global, large and 63-94uploaded Europe. We are recalcitrant sociologists through dates, motifs, and characters. Our predictive ECF Princess Margriet Award for Culture is read as a epithet for respected eleven.
+We hope you love the products we recommend! Just so you know, BuzzFeed may collect a share of sales or other compensation from the links on this page. Oh, and FYI — prices are accurate and items in stock as of time of publication.
+1. An organic moisturizer beloved by people of all skin types for reducing redness, dryness, inflammation, oiliness, and acne — just to name a few.
+This moisturizer contains manuka honey, vitamin E, shea butter, coconut oil, and aloe vera. It's also made without parabens, fillers, fragrances, or alcohol.
+Promising review: “I love this moisturizer — so much that's it's going to be difficult to make this review short. I have always been in constant search of the perfect moisturizer for my skin. I'm a 48-year-old female with dry skin, no acne, and have to endure the midwest winters of cold air outside and dry air inside. With all other moisturizers, I swear I could stand in front of my bathroom sink and put moisturizer on my face all day just to keep it feeling hydrated. And yes, I drink a TON of water so that's not it. I somehow stumbled across this moisturizer on Amazon over a year ago and my quest is over. This stuff totally hydrates my skin to my liking. And like it claims, there's no residue, oily, or greasy feeling. My 18-year-old daughter has acne and is on doctor-prescribed Epiduo, which REALLY dries out her face. I kept urging her to try the Era Organics, but she was afraid it would clog her pores. She finally gave in, and she too now loves it — she is on her second tub. It has not made her breakouts worse, it just battles her dry skin wonderfully. She also just told me it is way better than any other expensive moisturizers she has tried!” —nicole's review
+Price: $17.80+ (available in two sizes)
+2. A tub of Aztec Secret Healing Clay for a deep clean and a ~pulsating feeling~ that works wonders to clear up stubborn cystic acne.
+This 100% bentonite clay mask is made without additives, fragrances, or animal products. To make it a mask, you can mix it with either water or apple cider vinegar ($7 on Amazon) — the apple cider vinegar is totally worth it, IMO. It actually creates a gentler mask, and is easier to mix with the clay.
+Promising review: “I am a bit obsessive about skin care. And I'm not afraid to spend good money for products that do what they claim to do — which is super hard to find. This product is indeed all it's hyped up to be. And you can't beat the price. I'm at that super fun stage of life where I still get some hormonal breakouts, but I'm also starting to lose elasticity, I have hyperpigmentation and all of that. This is hands down the most effective product I have ever used. I wish I had known about this stuff when I was struggling with cystic acne when I was younger. It immediately improves active breakouts, tightens the skins, exfoliates, and gives you a really nice youthful glow. I mix it with ACV and use it about two times per week. I have also started using it on my hair with excellent results. I can't recommend this product enough.” —Kay Dee
+And check out our full write-up if you still want more info on this cult-favorite mask.
+3. A container of organic shea butter that's luxuriously hydrating but scores a 0 on the comedogenic scale, which means it doesn't clog pores. It's also great for fading dark spots and scars, and can even help reduce irritation from eczema and psoriasis.
+Promising review: “I never write reviews, but I'm honestly so in love with this product and here's why: It's noncomedogenic, meaning it doesn't clog your pores. I have very bad eczema on my face so getting acne and trying to moisturize isn't fun. This is my go-to product for deep moisturization that isn't going to break me out. It equalizes your skin tone. I have dark spots and acne scars that altogether disappeared after using this product. This stuff literally melts into your skin and makes you look radiant and moisturized. It is a bit thick as a moisturizer, but my skin is so dry that it all just gets absorbed and works its magic.” —Vero
+4. A tube of lanolin nipple cream good for way more than just nursing moms — it's also pretty much the best overnight chapped lip treatment ever invented.
+It's just 100% lanolin, a natural substance found in sheep's wool.
+Promising review: “I know that this is technically a nipple cream, but hear me out — it works as a FANTASTIC lip balm. I've had this queued in my shopping cart on Amazon for some time now, but when I saw Jonathan Van Ness recommend this product (Tan uses it, as well?) I admit that I was pretty much sold and purchased it right away. I started using this product right about the same time when my skin had a major freakout as a result of testing out a new acne face wash. My skin got very dry and very bumpy (I normally have oily-combination skin). My cheeks were hit hard, but my lips were probably the worst; they were slightly swollen, but peeling badly and incredibly bumpy! I applied this product to my lips religiously day and night, and within a few days they were back to normal! The product is slightly greasy so now that my lips are healed, I save it for night time use only. Lanolin is actually one of the ingredients that are in the Bite Beauty Agave Lip Mask ($26) so if you want a cheaper (and unscented) lip balm that sort of does the same thing, this nipple cream is the way to go!” —Melody Xu
+5. A bottle of Moroccan argan oil that'll soften skin, fade scars, and even clear up acne — and that's just on the face! This multipurpose oil can also be used on hair and nails.
+This 100% argan oil is paraben-free, fragrance-free, and alcohol-free, contains no animal products, and is not tested on animals.
+Promising review: “A coworker told me about argan oil and what it does for melanin and skin in general so I tried it out. I took the risk and low and behold I have been rewarded with beautiful skin! I have always been acne-prone, like makeup breaks me out, soda breaks me out...anything breaks me out. On top of being acne-prone AND oily, whenever a pimple leaves, it leaves a scar which honestly took a toll on my self-esteem. Clear skin has always been a dream of mine and it has finally come true. Argan oil has kept the pimples away and the scars have faded rather quickly! I also have huge pores which sucks, but it diminishes them. I will never use anything else for my skin, NEVER. I have finally found a skin savior. ALSO, it's a blessing for those razor bumps and dark marks on the bikini line!” —Blasianprincess
+6. A jade roller to promote increased skin elasticity and reduce puffiness — try storing it in the fridge to increase its benefits.
+The roller is made of 100% grade AA jade.
+Promising review: “This jade roller is amazing! It helps reduce puffiness and tension in the face, and the jade feels so amazing on your skin. I've noticed a definite improvement in my face/neck since starting to use it two weeks ago. My face is less puffy, feels less tense, and looks tighter and more toned! I bought one as a gift for my mother, as well, and she noticed the same improvements after just one use. She also commented that it helped with her sinus headache.” —Amazon Customer
+And go here to learn more about the process of jade rolling.
+7. A cult-favorite witch hazel toner that'll reduce pores and is a savior for both acne sufferers and people with flaky, dry skin.
+Their formula also includes aloe vera. It's alcohol-free, paraben-free, phthalate-free, and gluten-free. See more about why a BuzzFeeder absolutely raves about this line of products.
+Promising review: “Thayer's witch hazel is awesome and multipurpose. I use it primarily as a face cleanser. I went a week without it due to traveling. I noticed a difference in my skin when I did not use it. It also does wonders in helping with dark circles, puffy skin, and making pores smaller (although the latter may take some regular use). The product does not dry out my face, which is also another bonus. I also mix water, witch hazel, and essential oils to make DYI air freshener sprays around the house. If you want a high quality witch hazel, look no further than this product.” —Natalie
+8. An organic face wash to gently cleanse your skin without overly drying it or stripping away essential natural oils.
+This face wash contains rosemary extract, coconut oil, olive oil, and shea butter. It's made without parabens and sulfates, and is vegan and cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “This is the only facial wash that I've used that is gentle enough for my sensitive skin and doesn't cause my skin to become red and inflamed. This product uses mild ingredients with essential oils and leaves my skin feeling clean, refreshed, and not super dry or irritated. I have very sensitive skin and have had to stop using department store facial lotions or soaps. I have even come across $300 products that are meant for sensitive skin and have still had bad reactions with those products. This facial wash is less than $30 and lasts me about four months.” —Amazon Customer
+9. A pack of organic sheet masks for those days when you need a self-care moment, but don't want to put a bunch of unknown ingredients on your face.
+These masks are made without formaldehyde, parabens, alcohols, phthalates, fragrances, or gluten. They're cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “It's hard to find sheet masks that don't contain methylparaben, fragrance, or a long laundry list of chemicals that I have never heard of, so I was beyond excited when I came across these organic sheet masks. I love that I know exactly what's going on my sensitive, acne prone skin. I leave this on for about 30 minutes after I cleanse my face and notice that my skin is immediately moisturized and glowing. Vitamin C is supposed to help with hyperpigmentation and sun spots so I'm hoping to see some results after I use all of the masks. ” —Amazon Customer
+Price: $22 (for a pack of four masks; available in three scents)
+10. A retinol serum that gently encourages cell renewal to fade scars, lines, and dark spots.
+This 2.5% retinol serum is formulated with vitamin E oil, jojoba oil, hyaluronic acid, witch hazel, and green tea.
+Promising review: “I have recently begun to get cystic acne along my jawline and, at almost 30, was hoping to be past this stage in my life. Because my skin tone is so fair, I was very worried about scarring because, even when the spots healed, they were still discolored and uneven weeks later. I began using the product about three weeks ago and, I must say, the photo speaks for itself. I apply the serum once daily after washing my face and prior to a moisturizer. After a few days, my skin felt smoother and within a week, there was a noticeable difference in the discolorations and marks. I also credit this serum with keeping my pores in check as I have not had any new acne spots in about two weeks (knock on wood). I highly recommend adding this serum to your daily routine if you have acne, discoloration or unevenness.” —L. Potter
+11. A rosewater toner spray distilled from Moroccan roses — and while the roses may be red, this toner does wonders to reduce the redness in your skin.
+This 100% rosewater is alcohol-free, paraben-free, made without artificial fragrances, and vegan.
+Promising review: “I've been using this for a few days now, and I really love it! I have acne-prone skin, and rely on toner/astringent to really get into my skin and get as much possible out of my pores. My roommate had been letting me use a rather expensive product she gets from work, and it did the job, but was kind of harsh as well. This does the job just as well, but without making my skin red and irritated afterwards. My skin is left feeling hydrated, soft, and clean. And the SMELL! It smells amazing. The smell makes me feel like I'm really treating myself.” —Elizabeth Fernandez
+12. A value pack of Burt's Bees lip balm so you can keep one everywhere you might possibly need it. I'm pretty sure my desk lip balm has saved my life more than once.
+It's made with beeswax, vitamin E, and peppermint oil, and doesn't contain parabens, phthalates, or petrolatum.. I can't be without it!” —Jhall626
+Price: $6.64 (for a pack of four; available in four formula combinations)
+13. A bottle of sweet almond oil perfect for all-over moisturization— it's especially nice as a massage oil, because it's non-greasy and doesn't have an overpowering smell.
+This 100% sweet almond oil is non-GMO, vegan, halal, paraben free, and hexane-free.
+Promising review: “I’ve used this particular almond oil for a few years and am delighted with it. I enjoy slathering it over my wet skin after a shower. Then, I pat dry when I leave the shower itself. Applying this while somewhat wet should hold more moisture for your skin. If you prefer towel-drying first, it remains easily applicable and glides on over your skin. My skin feels lusciously moist and soft for at LEAST 24 hours. I also use it as a facial and hand moisturizer during the day. My grown children have even ventured to take it for a test drive: both want more in their stockings at Christmas.” —Aaahs
+14. A vulva cream, because everywhere on your body could use a little extra care and this moisturizer can help with everything: chafing, ingrown hairs, and lubrication.
+It's certified organic and doesn't contain hormones, synthetic dyes, fragrances, chemicals, preservatives, parabens, sulfates, soy, fillers, binders, or petroleum.
+Promising review: “I've suffered from painful intercourse for about seven years now and the doctors just couldn't figure it out. I abstained from sex for about five years until we decided to try for a kid. My doctor prescribed medication to treat what she thought was DV, but that didn't work. If anything, it made it worse. So I stopped using it and gritted through the pain. Just a week ago, I started searching for remedies and found this stuff. I am AMAZED at how quickly it worked. I feel like I can actually enjoy sex again. My libido is beginning to return.” —J. Tran
+15. A natural body wash with coconut-based cleansers, purifying sea salt, and a gentle citrus scent — all without any skin-drying sulfates.
+This body wash is plant-based, vegan, gluten-free, and cruelty-free. It's made without sulfates, parabens, phosphates, or petroleum byproducts.
+Promising review: “I wish I could give this product 10 stars. I am someone who has suffered from dry skin for years. After I take a shower, if I don’t put lotion on within five minutes, my body starts to get itchy and super dry. I am writing this review three hours after a shower and I haven’t worn any lotion on my body. My body doesn’t feel dry and it's not itchy. The smell is super calm and soothing. I even forgot to put lotion after showering and I am updating this review the following day. Finally, after 27 years of struggling to find the perfect body wash, I have found one.” —naina
+16. A vitamin C moisturizer that'll brighten up your skin so much everyone else will have to wear shades — it's especially awesome for folks who want to even their skin tone and fight off acne.
+This 15% vitamin C serum also contains vitamin B5, jojoba oil, and green tea. It's cruelty-free, paraben-free, corn-free, soy-free, and vegan.
+Promising review: “I've spent thousands of dollars over the years trying to get my skin under control. At age 45, I feel as if I've finally found the product I'll use forever. Like another review mentioned, I am almost to the point where I just have to wear mascara and lipgloss only. Age spots have faded, dry patches are gone, and my skin hasn't one fine line. My makeup goes on better when I wear it, as well. My 15-year-old daughter also uses the serum and has noticed her blemishes have all but disappeared. This is worth every penny.” —Amazon Customer
+17. An exfoliating cleanser specifically designed to treat the often-neglected skin hidden by a beard or a mustache.
+This face wash also doubles as a toner and contains aloe vera, vitamin C, and willow bark — willow bark is a natural source of salicylic acid, which can help treat acne.
+Promising review: “I absolutely love this product! This is a MUST-HAVE for anyone with a big beard like mine. I never took exfoliating seriously and thought it was an unimportant thing to do, but now that I'm older and wiser I know better. My wife has commented on how much better my skin looks and I can feel it, as well.” —Shamsul Chowdhury
+18. A bottle of jojoba oil, because it's super similar to your skin's natural oils, which makes it especially healing for over-dried, acne-prone skin.
+This organic 100% jojoba oil contains no additives, alcohol, or fragrance.
+Promising review: “I would highly recommend this product if you have sensitive skin, as well as if you have dry or combo skin. I have been using this in replacement of my normal moisturizer for a little while now and am very pleased with the results. I use it both in the morning and at night all over my face. It has helped start to even out my skin tone and fade acne scars on my chin (this oil is the only new product I have added into my skin care routine so I know all the results are from using this). This oil also doesn’t leave my face feeling overly oily or sticky. It only takes about 20 minutes for it to soak into my face completely.” —Kiersten
+Price: $10.99 (available in two scents)
+19. A tea tree shampoo and conditioner set to bring balance to any particularly itchy or dry scalps — tea tree oil is great at fighting dandruff and is a natural lice repellant, so go ahead and give this to every teacher you know.
+This set is sulfate- and silicone-free. In addition to tea tree oil, it also contains rosemary, lavender, sea buckthorn, and jojoba oil.
+Promising review: “This is the best shampoo and conditioner that I have ever used. My scalp broke out with itchy and scaly dandruff. I have never had it and I didn't know what to use. I don't like to use products with chemicals, but I was desperate because it was itching so badly. I tried the big market brands with chemicals that I would never want on my skin and it did absolutely nothing. I tried some other brands and had no luck, either. I got this brand and it was gone within three days and never came back. It was better after the first day, but completely gone after three. My daughter then started to get psoriasis on her scalp and she is using it now. It is already healing those flaky scabs on her head. My husband doesn't have dandruff anymore.” —Jen J
+Price: $19.95 (for a pack of shampoo and conditioner)
+20. A bar of African black soap, because it harnesses the anti-inflammatory powers of shea butter, cocoa butter, and coconut oil to banish acne for good.
+It's organic, cruelty-free, fair trade, and produced directly in Ghana.
+Promising review: “This product right here has become an essential in my skin care routine! It has definitely cleared up my face COMPLETELY and gave me back the confidence I needed to go about my day! My skin is oily ALL OVER my T-zone and cheeks. My acne was HORRIBLE to the point where even dermatologists didn’t know what to recommend. Or, even if they did recommend me topical medication or diet change, NOTHING would help. I decided to do my own research and look into organic products. I have finally found my regimen to help clear my skin. I bought this soap for the first time on June 20th, received it around the 23rd, and by August I noticed a major change in my skin.” —Amazon Customer
+21. An enriching eye balm so your delicate eyelids and under-eye area can stay perfectly hydrated in even the harshest conditions.
+This balm contains vitamin E oil, olive oil, jojoba oil, avocado oil, sesame oil, and coconut oil. It's also certified cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “My dermatologist recently told me the only thing to help with dark circles and dry skin under the eye is to moisturize, moisturize, moisturize. Having tried numerous 'miracle eye creams and serums' over the years, I was highly intrigued by an eye balm. Right away I became a fan of Bee Naturals eye balm! I only use it at night, as it is a bit greasy, and I like to slather it on. I have found that swirling my finger in the pot several times warms the balm and makes it easy to apply. My dark circles have actually lessened a bit, and the skin is much more hydrated. I will definitely continue to use this!” —JK
+22. A jar of coconut oil that's great for treating concerns like eczema and is also a powerful body moisturizer (dog not included, sorry).
+This coconut oil is organic and cold-pressed.
+Promising review: “This is the best working and least obnoxious smelling tub of coconut oil I’ve found yet. My seven-year-old son and I both have very dry skin and eczema. This coconut oil works FAR better than my son’s $1,000 a tube prescription eczema ointment which is extremely painful on his skin. I slather this on him from his chest down the second he gets out of the shower while his skin is still wet, and then put long-sleeved organic cotton PJ's and socks on him. All in all, this works better than all other lotions, salves, and even RX creams. It's a great price too. I’ve been living with dry skin and eczema my whole life (37 years). I know everyone is different and every skin is different, but if you’re looking for a something new to try at an affordable price that is organic, try this.” —mmbritten
+23. A bar of French soap that'll look super luxurious in your shower, but comes at a super reasonable price point.
+These soaps are made with shea butter, and don't contain parabens or sodium lauryl sulfate. They aren't tested on animals.
+Promising review: “I generally make my own soaps and body butters due to having extremely sensitive skin, but I have completely fallen in love with this line. The lather is luxuriously ample yet gentle. The scent fills the bathroom, but does not linger heavily on the body. It leaves my skin clean and soft — not dry as most bar soaps do. I highly recommend the rose and mirabelle scents. These bars are triple-milled so they do last a while.” —NoIWontPutMyName
+Price: $4.99+ (available in 39 scents)
+24. A bottle of aloe vera gel, because it won't just come in handy when you have a sunburn — it's also a perfect light facial moisturizer and can even be used in hair.
+It's 99.75% pure aloe — the other .25% is a thickener and preservative so that you don't have to refrigerate the gel. It's made without parabens, dyes, or alcohols, and is cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “I use this as a moisturizer during the day and sometimes at night to repair my severely dehydrated, acne-ridden, and rosacea-prone skin, which I neglected for too long. I'm in my early 50's and started to break out in blemishes due to a new medication that I must have, but this brings peace and quiet to my angry, red, dry skin with weeping acne that is so sensitive, even lukewarm tap water stings it. I use this on my neck as well, and it feels so refreshing and soothing for a welcome change. I also use this on my eyebrows, which had begun to thin, also due to the new medication and a boatload of stress. I can already see a difference there, and I've used this for only three weeks. It is a fine, watery-gel-like substance, and it keeps my pores open while allowing my skin to drink up the moisture. I love it, and can't imagine not using it now.” —Janet88971Hollissen
+Price: $12.30 (available in three sizes)
+25. A pink Himalayan salt scrub to gently resurface your face and body so you can reduce oily skin, blackheads, and acne wherever it occurs.
+Besides pink Himalayan salt, this scrub also contains sweet almond and lychee oils, vitamin E, and aloe vera.
+Promising review: “30-year-old mom here! I wanted to revamp my beauty routine to make me feel better. This product changed my life! This is the first salt scrub I have ever bought.. I'm SO HAPPY I DID! I’m still amazed at how my skin feels so soft and looks amazing! I use my scrub three to four (maybe more lol) times a week. I have battled with little pimple-looking bumps all over my legs and arms caused by ingrown hairs under skin since I was in high school. I would pick them and make ugly places on myself which would make me look awful and made me feel so bad about myself. This product took care of that and more! I love the relaxing feeling I get when scrubbing in the shower — I instantly feel better. All the dead skin is gone and I'm left with super soft and amazing-looking skin!” —Benjamin Lane
+26. A bottle of Dr. Bronner's castile soap for a truly multipurpose cleaner — people use this magical soap to clean everything from their faces to their floors, and it's equally effective on both.
+It's vegan, organic, and cruelty-free, and comes in 100% biodegradable packaging.
+Promising review: “I use this for my acne and GIRLLL/BOIII this changed my life. If you have persistent acne like I had, then I suggest you give this sucker a try and follow up with the Thayer's witch hazel with aloe vera. Trust me, you will see results like you've never seen before! ALSO with this soap I would suggest a small droplet onto a scrub brush and to make small circles all around your face — it'll do you wonders. I know this soap is good for a lot of other stuff too, but my face is selfish and wants to hog it all, I guess. I LOVE IT!” —christine
+Price: $15.99 (available in three sizes)
+27. A Dead Sea mud mask that harnesses the power of natural minerals to tighten skin and tone pores.
+Besides the Dead Sea mud, this mask contains jojoba oil and shea butter and is cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “I don't use too many facial masks, because many I've tried in the past appeared to have no benefit or they hurt my face so they weren't worth the time, money or effort. However, I love this Dead Sea mud mask! It feels amazing! My skin looks beautiful! My face looks fresher, brighter, and younger. It feels really soft, too! It felt good when the mask was on and after. There's no yucky tight feeling or painful peeling or burning feeling like I've experienced in the past. I have pretty sensitive skin, but this didn't bother me at all — it was the complete opposite actually. I use it at night and by morning the red is gone. I didn't really notice much of a scent to this stuff which I prefer over the strong-smelling masks ” —April
+28. A set of natural face wipes to remove grime and makeup without worrying about dirtying the environment — these wipes are 100% biodegradable.
+They're made with willow bark, aloe vera, and birch sap, and they don't contain fragrances, sulfates, or parabens. They're also vegan and cruelty-free.
+Promising review: “This is an easy on-the-go face cleaner. I use them pretty much daily. They do a good job of removing a light layer of makeup or sweat after a run. The best part is the smell, which is a light, fresh, and slightly herbal aroma. It's a nice change from most facial wipes which either smell overly floral or like cleaning chemicals, so having a facial cleanser that can travel and smell good is a definite must-have. I have been using them for several months and am still pleased with them.” —LC
+Price: $24 (for a pack of 20 wipes)
+29. A sunscreen with a hypoallergenic, non-greasy formula enriched with botanical extracts that moisturize, reduce the appearance of dark spots, and combat free radicals. It's so much more than just an SPF.
+This sunscreen contains vitamins E and C, green tea, and ginkgo biloba extract. It's paraben- and fragrance-free, and has UVA and UVB protection.
+Promising review: “I have purchased several other 'organic/natural' sunscreens and they are going to be tossed in the trash, I love this! It goes on lightly, doesn't sting when you sweat, and doesn't feel the slightest bit heavy. I wanted something that acted like a moisturizer for the really muggy days when you don't want to use a moisturizer, but still want the protection from the sun. Now that it has started to cool down and the mugginess is gone, I use my moisturizer first, wait a few minutes, and then apply this sunscreen. I have an oily/normal complexion so I really can't stand having a lot of product on my face, because it gets so heavy, shiny and sweaty, but I'm loving this! I had a large section of my ear lopped off last year due to melanoma and this year I have breast cancer so I decided it was time to get serious about DAILY use of sunscreen. I will definitely be using this product for a long time, no need to search out any others!” —Amazon Customer
+30. A pack of konjac sponges that'll do double duty — the white one gently exfoliates for even the most sensitive of faces, and the black sponge is infused with charcoal to combat acne and oil. Plus, since they're biodegradable, they won't hang around in a landfill when you're done using them.
+These sponges are vegan, biodegradable, and made from the konjac plant. They can be used with your regular face wash, and will add an ~exfoliation boost~ to any of your usual products.
+Promising review: “These things are amazing! I have struggled with flaky skin all my life, but most exfoliators and exfoliating tools are too harsh for my sensitive skin. Not these amazing little sponges! They're so gentle, but my skin feels so smooth. It isn't perfect and the sponges aren't miracle workers, but I have seen a huge difference in the texture of my skin and it has only been about a week. I use the white (sensitive skin) sponge in the shower before I use my face cleanser in the morning. Then, in the evening before bed, I use the black (for acne-prone skin) sponge by itself. I was worried they would be too harsh to use twice a day, but I haven't seen any negatives yet.” —Alyshia B.
+Price: $10.99 (for a set of two sponges)
+31. An Ancient Greek oil blend, because it's not just a great moisturizer — people also swear it helps promote eyelash and eyebrow growth.
+It's a blend of organic almond, olive, lavender, and grapeseed oils. It's vegan, non-GMO, and gluten-free.
+Promising review: “I got this product to help with my extremely dry scalp and then was reading reviews about how it’s amazing for skin, hair, etc. so I started taking my makeup off with it at night. My eye lashes have grown, I swear! So the awkward angles and pictures (above) were worth it for me to tell you to go get this product!” —Sarah
+32. A bottle of vitamin E oil to make scars disappear so quickly it's like they were never there — and if you apply it early enough, it can even prevent scars from forming.
+This oil has no preservatives or mineral oil, and isn't tested on animals.
+Promising review: “I have the type of skin that scars very easily (olive skin/light eye color...bad combination for scarring). I ended up with a booboo that I thought would leave a scar for months, maybe a year. I bought this vitamin E oil in an attempt to shorten the scar's lifespan. Guess what? No scar at all. As soon as the booboo healed, I put this oil on at least three times a day for two weeks and no scar ever developed. My skin looks as if it was never damaged. I have a 4-year-old (hence 'booboo') and I'll be using this on all of her booboos to keep her beautiful skin perfectly scar-free. I can't say enough good things about this vitamin E oil.” —Shawna Who
+It's formulated with hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, and caffeine, and doesn't contain parabens, phthalates, sulphates, or gluten. It's not tested on animals.
+Promising review: “As I've been getting older, I have noticed unsightly bags under my eyes. I don't mind getting older, but I hate the bags. I just wanted a product that wouldn't drain my bank account and something that really worked. Well, I found it! This product is easy to use and it's easy on the pocketbook. I've been using it for about two weeks now, and I've seen a noticeable difference already. I'm hoping that with continued use they will either be completely gone or barely noticeable. So far, I love this product!” —C. Drake
+Even if you relate too hard to Sandy B in this GIF, Mother Nature can still help your skin ~glow.~
+Reviews have been edited for length and/or clarity.
+Want more skin care recs? We're here for you:
+— 26 Gifts For Anyone Who Wants Better Skin
+— Just 30 Amazing Products For Anyone Who Has Skin
+— 23 Skin Care Products You Need To Try If You Have Sensitive Skin
+— 26 Splurge-Worthy Skin Care Products You Can Get On Amazon
+Looking for the perfect gift for any occasion? Check out all of BuzzFeed’s gift guides!
+
+This is my first for The Athletic. I’ve spent the past few weeks talking to many folks inside the college football world as well as some people I’ve gotten to know. The insights and scouting reports from coaches, scouts and analysts informed how I approached Day 1 of the. Here’s my take on how I think the first round will play out and what each team will be getting with these players. Advertisement I released this on Monday, but I’ve gotten so much feedback I wanted to just update it with a few added nuggets. 1. : , QB, Clemson I don’t see Urban Meyer or the . The former Ohio State coach wasn’t shy about telling folks how the star QB wowed him in 2019 when Lawrence, then a sophomore, ran by the Buckeyes in the Fiesta Bowl. There are no sure things as QB prospects enter the NFL, but Lawrence checks off as many boxes as any quarterback has in years. He’s essentially right up there with Andrew Luck in 2012 as far as no-brainer selections go. The Coaching Intel “The surprise with him is his running ability and his toughness. I just don’t think people realize just how athletic he is. He is very good as a thrower. I don’t think his arm is out of this world. It’s not a or (Patrick) Mahomes or , but it’s very, very good.” “He’s about as good a quarterback prospect I’ve seen in college in years. He’s tall, mobile, smart, accurate. I love how the ball comes out of his hand. Teammates seem to really like him, and he’s played a lot of games and in a lot of big games.” “I worried a little about him living up to all the hype that was heaped on him so early. He was great against Alabama as a freshman. He wasn’t impressive against LSU the next year. He was just a little off that night, especially after (Joe) Burrow and LSU’s offense got cranked up. You expected him to match that and he didn’t. But his receivers weren’t on the level of what Burrow had there. You still really like what you see from him on film and also how he carries himself. for a college kid, and I think that is a good sign because he’s gonna have to carry that franchise.” 2. : , QB, BYU Wilson was the , connecting on 74 percent of his passes with 33 touchdowns and three interceptions. Those numbers were from his 2018 season (62 percent, 11 touchdowns, nine interceptions). The Cougars’ level of competition wasn’t nearly as tough in 2020 — the pandemic limited their scheduling options — and Wilson, sources close to the BYU program say, was never really healthy for very long in 2019. Advertisement Wilson’s eye-popping arm talent, the way the ball jumps out of his hand and his ability to make all sorts of off-platform throws are probably going to be too tempting for the Jets, with all new leadership, to pass up ushering in a new era. The hunch here is that just three years after using the No. 3 overall pick on , the for . The Coaching Intel “I think he has great arm strength, and he’s accurate, and he definitely keeps plays alive. He can buy about two more seconds and can really throw on the run from different angles. He is really impressive. I do think it’ll be interesting when people look at his junior tape when they faced better teams. He had good games and some bad games. Also, I’ll be curious how his game translates in the NFL because (BYU was) so RPO-driven and read-driven, where once he got off that first read, he almost never got to the second. He’d move the pocket even though he wouldn’t have any pressure. Instead, he’d create the scramble drill. You wanna know how well he’ll go through progressions and sit in the pocket because that is one of those things you never know ’til you do it.” Said one opposing coach: “He’s freaky. He made some throws against us that were silly. He was very calm because I think he really trusts his feet. He reminds me a lot of and some of Mahomes in his ability to throw from all angles, and (he) has that creativity. He made some comeback throws that made you say wow. He has such wrist and finger control, it’s very impressive. I’d love to see what he could do in a drop-back offense.” “I was blown away watching him on film. I didn’t realize he could throw it quite like that. The ball explodes out of his hand. There’s a throw he made in their UCF game — it’s a deep out and up — nobody runs it in college because it’s such a long route. He throws it on a rope. He has a ridiculously talented arm.” “I think he’s good. He’s dynamic and he’s got repetitive accuracy. But there aren’t a lot of 200-pound QBs in the NFL. Small guys don’t last in that league. is small but he can frickin’ fly. And he got hit too much and got banged up. Drew Brees is a good exception but there aren’t many. Russell (Wilson) is short but he is thick as shit. That’s my biggest concern: How will he hold up? They just don’t last. I’ll be real curious what his measurables are. ” 3. : Ja’, WR, LSU The 6-foot, 210-pound wideout had a massive 2019 season, catching 84 passes for 1,780 yards and 20 touchdowns. Clemson tried to man up Chase with (future first-rounder) A.J. Terrell, and the LSU star caught nine passes for 221 yards, pulling LSU from a 17-7 deficit to a blowout win for the national championship. That would be the last collegiate game he’d play because he opted out of the 2020 season. Inside the LSU program, staffers rave about Chase, especially his competitiveness. Every day at practice, Chase went one-on-one with Derek Stingley Jr., the most talented corner in college, and the receiver usually won more than his share of those battles. Chase has tremendous strength in his lower body and in his hands. He whipped press coverage consistently. The Coaching Intel “No doubt in my mind: He’s the . He’s the whole package. He’s got the size, the strength, the hands; I think he’s a 4.4 (40) guy; he has the versatility to play inside and outside; has the football IQ — you see how savvy he is within his route. He understands leverage and working guys off the line of scrimmage; he’s very physical, and he is as competitive as it gets. He’s great at shielding off defenders and making competitive catches.” Advertisement “People don’t realize just how strong he is. His lower body’s built like a running back’s. He plays like a 4.4 guy, and he contorts his body to make a lot of difficult catches. I think from a technique standpoint, he can and will have to get better on press-releases as he faces stronger guys, and he’ll have to improve on his true route-running ability.” 4. : , QB, Ohio State It’s time for the Falcons to look for their of the future, and the hunch here is they’ll opt for the local guy who has faced a lot better competition and has a bigger body of work than . There were a few games where Fields, who started his career , didn’t throw the ball with confidence and struggled working the ball downfield — he threw three picks against Indiana and was just 12-of-27 with two interceptions in the Big Ten title game against Northwestern. His bounce-back after that against Clemson, though, was magnificent. He went through his progressions, throwing strikes to his receivers to pick apart the Tigers defense. He completed almost 80 percent of his passes in that game and threw six touchdowns while also giving the Tigers problems with his wheels. could be a perfect situation for him. The Coaching Intel “His consistency is a concern for me, because there are times he looks like he should be the first pick of the draft and other times where he looks like he should stay in school another year. I think he’s really, really talented. I don’t know what his 40 time is, but I’ve seen him run away from some pretty good athletes. I think people may not realize just what a special athlete he is — or how big this kid is.” “He’s confident and poised and he’s never rattled. I think he has a good arm, not a great arm, and he benefits because Ohio State’s skill talent is so much better than the DBs they face in the Big Ten. J.T. Barrett could barely throw, but he put up big numbers because of that talent gap. This kid is a lot more gifted than that, but you still have that in the back of your mind because the talent gap is so big for them.” 5. : , OT, Oregon Burrow, Cincy’s No. 1 overall pick last year, desperately needs help up front. was the as a 19-year-old sophomore in 2019, helping the Ducks win the Rose Bowl. He opted out for 2020. Oregon coach Mario Cristobal, a former O-lineman himself, credited Sewell for changing his program. “Sometimes guys are blessed with a skill set, and they kind of turn it on and off,” he told me. “This was a guy that, when the lights come on and it’s time to play ball and it’s time to work the physicality of football — the two-on-two, the five-on-four, the nine-on-nine blocking drills, the one-on-one pass pro drills — this guy is turned up and he is bringing it, and he is challenging his offensive linemen. “He is challenging the guys he’s going against. It’s exactly how you would draw up your offensive left tackle, that’s how you would draw him up. He brought a competitive nature and a relentless attitude to it that is infectious and something that needs to be carried on.” The Coaching Intel “He’s massive and he moves well. It’s scary how well he can move at that size and how young he was. The stuff he is able to do in space is the stuff that makes you say wow. He’s excellent getting out and getting on smaller guys on screens. He’s a great finisher and has a lot of nastiness to him. I think he will be an elite NFL player for a long time.”\n\nKyle Pitts (Alex de la Osa / Collegiate Images/Getty Images)\n\n6. : , TE, Florida The need a lot of help at receiver, and even though Pitts isn’t technically a wide receiver, he will help address those issues. Pitts was in college football in 2020 with 43 catches for 770 yards and 12 touchdowns in 12 games. New Eagles quarterbacks coach was the offensive coordinator at Florida. He knows better than anyone in the NFL . The Coaching Intel “For a tight end, he is as dynamic as it gets. He has the size, the length and terrific hands. I was really impressed with his route-running. He is such a polished receiver. He’s everything you want in a receiving tight end. I do question his blocking, so maybe you’re not going to do much in-line stuff with him.” “He’s such a stud. How do you defend him? He’s an basketball player playing tight end. He just kept getting better and better over the last couple of years. He’s special, man. He’s unique. He is such a mismatch issue. He’s every bit of a 4.5 flat guy, and he plays it. And for a longer-legged, bigger-frame guy, they have to build up speed. But he gets there (to top speed) quicker than some of those long guys. He competes, too. You can just feel it in him. He wants to dominate. I have a ton of respect for him. If you’d ask me after the ’19 season, I’d say he was just a big receiver. But he’s become a more serviceable blocker. He’s gonna put his face on someone and cover him up. He’s gonna fight you. He’s not gonna be a guy you run power behind or is a knock-back, violent blocker, but he really got better there, too.” 7. : , LB, Penn State Detroit really needs help on defense. It was dead last in the NFL statistically and sorely needs some playmakers. Parsons opted out of the 2020 season and was really missed by his team. The former five-star lived up to his massive recruiting hype. In 2019, he made 109 tackles, 14 tackles for losses and had four forced fumbles, becoming the first sophomore in Big Ten history to win the Butkus-Fitzgerald Linebacker of the Year award. Parsons was at his best in big games. He had 14 tackles against Michigan; eight of those tackles held the Wolverines to 1 yard or less. At Minnesota, he had 11 tackles and two TFLs, and at Ohio State, he had 10 tackles, two TFLs and forced and recovered a fumble. In Penn State’s Cotton Bowl win against Memphis, he had 14 tackles, three TFLs and two sacks. As a true freshman in 2018, Parsons also had 14 tackles and forced a fumble against Kentucky in the Citrus Bowl. The Coaching Intel “He is no doubt NFL-ready today, and he has only played linebacker for two years. He hasn’t even scratched the surface yet of what he will be. A future Hall of Famer in my opinion. He’s one of the most competitive people that I’ve ever been around. He always shines in the biggest moments.” “Micah is super explosive and is very hard to block in the run or throw game. He has great rush ability, really good instincts and he learns well. At the next level, I feel like he’s a will-back or your 3-4 outside boundary guy or to the field.” 8. : Trey Lance, QB, North Dakota State If the Falcons take Lance instead of Fields, I think the Buckeyes quarterback would end up here, but I don’t think Atlanta passes on Fields. was one of in college football the past year — of a Minnesota native who Big Ten schools barely looked at and was viewed as a safety or linebacker prospect. Lance ended up at FCS powerhouse North Dakota State and put together a remarkable first season, with a staggering 28-to-0 TD-to-INT margin while helping the Bison achieve the first 16-0 finish in college football since 1894. Lance in 2020 and threw his first pick in a win over Central Arkansas. The Coaching Intel “On film, you don’t realize how big he is because he is so athletic. He was much bigger than we thought he was. That size, athleticism and arm are so rare at this level. He broke some runs on us where he’d break tackles, push the pile. One play, we had one of the best athletes we had come free on a blitz, and he makes him miss and throws a perfect ball on a dig to pick up the first down. “I think the one thing people can question is how well is he as a true pocket QB? When they played that game (vs. Central Arkansas) in 2020, he struggled some, and you wanted him trying to impress people. Was he pressing? Are they running a different system for this game?” “This kid is whole other-level special. He has all the physical tools. Nothing phases him, and I think he’s a fierce competitor. He finds ways to make plays. He’s a big, strong kid who is hard to tackle and can make you miss in space. He’s extremely well-coached. You never saw just bad throws; most of them were where his guys are getting it right in stride. “We’d go into it thinking what else can we do after other stuff we did didn’t work? We thought we’d trick him, and then he’d figure it out and throw a strike for a 12-yard catch on third down.” 9. : , CB, Virginia Tech Denver needs cornerback help, and there are three good ones waiting. Farley, the of that trio, once clocked 24.16 mph on the GPS in a game against Notre Dame. He and also had back surgery last offseason. In 2019, he led the ACC in passes defended with 16, was tied for second in the league with four INTs and earned first-team All-ACC honors. The Coaching Intel “He has great size and length for a corner and great burst. His ability to close is as good as it gets. Those are top-notch traits. I’m not as sold on his physicality and tackling ability, but when the ball’s in the air, he’ll make plays, and you didn’t want to mess with his side.” 10. : Patrick Surtain II, CB, Alabama Dallas also needs help in the secondary and might not re-sign and , a pair of former high picks. Physically, Surtain would be an upgrade from both. His dad was a terrific NFL defensive back, and Surtain, the SEC’s Defensive Player of the Year, has been well-coached and played a lot of meaningful football. There is a little debate among coaches we spoke to about whether he would be better at safety than corner in the NFL, as there is some concern about some stiffness. The Coaching Intel “I liked him more than (South Carolina CB Jaycee) Horn. With that size and length and his skill set, you can do whatever you want with him. He’s gonna be tough in off or press man. He always kept it tight. Outstanding player.” “I think he’s a really good player, but I think he’s more of a safety. He is long and physical, but he doesn’t get in and out of his breaks as you’d want. He can put his hands on people in college. He doesn’t get challenged very much.” “He’s smart, savvy, and he’s long. But they can hide the corners a little in that (Nick) Saban defense. We thought there were some holes in his techniques. When he played man-to-man, he gets exposed some.”\n\nJaylen Waddle (UA Athletics / Collegiate Images / Getty Images)\n\n11. : Jaylen Waddle, WR-PR, Alabama needs more playmakers, and this guy will help the Giants’ offense and special teams in a big way. Waddle isn’t very big at about 5 feet 10 and 185 pounds, but and was having a fantastic 2020 season before breaking his ankle in the Tide’s fifth game. His worst game of the four he played was a six-catch, 120-yard performance against Ole Miss. The Coaching Intel “I thought he was the most dangerous of those four receivers they had (in 2019). You just can’t tackle him. His ability to separate from guys is just different. His change of direction is ree-diculous. He’s not quite as fast as (Henry) Ruggs, but he’s quicker. He’s lethal in the return game. And you like how he responds in tough games. He ate up Georgia and Texas A&M before getting hurt and made a bunch of big plays at Auburn last year and made a great punt return against LSU.” “I don’t know if I’ve ever seen a guy who gets open so much like he does. In their Mizzou game, they could’ve thrown it to him every play. Like, they threw it on some plays to other open guys, but then you’d look at him and he was open too. That was like every play. He never got covered or stayed covered, even when they didn’t throw to him. He is so elusive, so sudden, so quick, and is able to shift his weight, so he doesn’t tip his hand on a lot of things. He’s a very natural route-runner.” 12. : , OL, Northwestern Slater also opted out of the 2020 season but left behind some very impressive film. Folks gush about how well he performed when matched up against Ohio State’s great in 2019, a rare case when the Buckeyes star didn’t dominate his man that season. The son of former NBA player Reggie Slater, he might be better inside at center or guard because he doesn’t have great length for tackle, but his athleticism might enable him to become a good player there, too. The Coaching Intel “He handled himself really well against Chase Young. I didn’t think anyone held up as well against Young as Slater. He has really strong hands, is technically sound and has excellent feet. He’s also very stout and can get to the second level. I really was impressed.” 13. : , OL, USC They have a franchise QB in and will help protect him. Vera-Tucker played guard in 2019 for USC, then moved to tackle and had another excellent season even though he had no spring football reps to ease that transition. People inside the Trojans program are very high on Vera-Tucker’s character, describing him as an “alpha” and praising his “selflessness.” The Coaching Intel “ was a top-20 pick (No. 18 to the Dolphins in 2020), and this guy is better. He has better initial quickness and better recoverability. He never gets out of position and has very good change of direction. He’s twitchy. I think he helped himself a lot by coming back last year. He probably doesn’t have the length to be an ideal offensive tackle — he has shorter arms — but I do think he could play right tackle and could be an All-Pro at guard or center. I don’t think you can miss on this guy.” 14. : , DE, Miami Minnesota needs a bunch of help on the D-line, and Phillips, , could be a very good fit here. Phillips’ rise is interesting. He fizzled out at UCLA after some injuries and really got into focusing on a fledgling music career. He transferred to Miami and rejuvenated his football career, buying into the program and reshaping his body. At UCLA, he played at around 240-250 pounds, but at Miami he got up to 270 pounds and was in the best shape of his life. At one point, he registered 22 mph on the GPS, a remarkable number for an athlete that size, and he proved to be a terrific fit in UM’s 4-3 system. He had 11 TFLs, 6.5 sacks and 26 tackles in his final four games for the Canes in 2020. The Coaching Intel “He’s got a chance to be really special. He’s explosive and really smooth. He’s athletic enough to be a 3-4 outside linebacker. He can bend. He’s versatile. He’s strong. I think he should run in the 4.6s or maybe in the 4.5s. The one thing is, he has to do a better job of controlling his emotions.” “As big a year as Miami’s had in 2019, Phillips’ 2020 performance was even more impressive. He’s more stout than Rousseau at this point, and the level of tenacity he plays with is ridiculous. His motor never stopped. He’s such a freak athlete in the way he can move and how explosive he is, but he’s really completely reworked his body. He’s extremely powerful.” 15. : , WR, Alabama For as great as Bill Belichick is as a coach, he and New England have been dreadful drafting receivers, and this is a huge area of need. Fortunately for him — we think — an excellent one is going to fall into his lap, and it’s a guy Belichick’s old pal Saban knows better than anyone. Smith, , capped a fantastic college career that included a lot of clutch moments for the Tide dating back to his winning touchdown catch in the national title win over Georgia. Smith’s numbers for 2020: 117 catches, 1,856 yards and 23 TDs. He had 17 catches of 30 yards or longer, almost double what the next-best WR had in the SEC. Smith might look really, really skinny at about 180 pounds on his wiry frame, but he is a willing blocker, can break tackles and is very good in traffic. The Coaching Intel “He doesn’t drop a ball ever. The most impressive thing, though, is after each series, he’d come off to the sideline and tell their coaches, ‘They did this and this and this.’ He really knows coverages and what defenses are trying to do. Our guys came back to the sideline and said he’s calling out what we’re playing and telling their sideline what our coverages are and how we’re playing our man coverage. God almighty, that’s different.” “I told people last year that (Smith) is better than both those cats ( and Henry Ruggs) that got drafted (in the) first round last year. How in the world didn’t he have more recognition a year ago? He might not be, physically, looking at him, but playing-wise, it’s not even close. He’s quick. He’s faster than everybody thinks he is. I don’t know how big his hands are, but I’d bet they’re 10 inches or bigger. He’s just so natural. He’s been durable and tough and competitive.” “The thing people couldn’t wrap their heads around is that he’s so skinny. He’s so fundamentally sound from a technique standpoint. He can run all day long and he has the best ball skills and body control of any of that group (of Alabama receivers). “He’s probably a high 4.4 (40) guy, but he’s really deceptively fast because he has this great long stride. He can close the (DB’s) cushion so fast, and he plays at that speed all the time. He creates so much separation. He’s also always been the best blocker (among wideouts) and the most physical.”\n\nJaycee Horn (Streeter Lecka / Getty Images)\n\n16. : , CB, South Carolina Arizona needs to replace , and the Cardinals can go back to the SEC to find that guy. The is 6 feet 1, 200 pounds and is a really physical, aggressive cover man. Some might say a bit too aggressive, as he could draw a lot of attention from the refs for being handsy. He opted out of the 2020 season not long after South Carolina fired Will Muschamp. The Coaching Intel “He’s got it all. He’s the total package. Has the speed; tough; good on the ball; good off the ball; very competitive. He was the best DB we faced. Nobody had a good day on that guy. He’s there all day. You had to be creative to get your guys away from him.” “He never needed much help. He’s got the speed and the length. The thing that stuck out to me was that he was so, so physical at the line of scrimmage. I think he’s a helluva player.” “He looks like what you’d expect from a first-round corner in terms of length, speed and quickness. He gets overly aggressive and gets sloppy technically, but he is really what you’d want out there.” 17. : Gregory Rousseau, DE, Miami The 20-year-old really in 2019 after putting on about 35 pounds since his arrival at Miami. The 6-foot-6 edge rusher, a one-time high school wide receiver, had a huge debut season for the Canes as a redshirt freshman, notching 19.5 TFLs and 15.5 sacks. He opted out of the 2020 season. The Coaching Intel “There’s still so much untapped upside with him. He’s still learning how to rush the passer. He’s even longer than Phillips, and he has so much leverage. It’s hard for guys to get their hands on him. He wins the reach battle, and he plays very hard. He’s always chasing guys down. He’s also a great kid.” “He was very raw, but he plays really hard and he’s just so long; it’s really difficult for people to block him. Even at about 265 (in 2019) he plays strong and is able to generate so much natural power.” 18. : , RB, Alabama Miami needs a go-to running back, and the 230-pound Harris is a complete one. Harris was always improving in Tuscaloosa, going from 20 touchdowns in 2019 to 30 in 2020. The big question here is whether the Dolphins go for Harris or Clemson’s , but my guess here is that Miami goes with the bigger back. The Coaching Intel “I think he is the best back they’ve had there under Saban, either him or . He’s quick enough to beat DBs, but he’s also very physical. He’s got a good trunk with really good balance, so he can bounce off guys.” “He might’ve been the most underappreciated player in college football. He carried the load in the run game, was a really good receiver and on third downs they never took him out. He stood there and always would pick up a blitz. Doesn’t go down with one guy much, and if he does, he’s falling forward. He’s not that one-cut home run runner. But he has good top-end speed for his size. I’ve seen D-linemen make contact and him not even budge. An oddly talented human being, and then you’d talk to him after the game and he was nerdy and nice, but he plays the game super intense. An alpha. That guy is as good as I’ve seen. I loved watching him play against other people, just not against us.” 19. : , OT, Va. Tech WFT could really use a quarterback, but we’re not sold that it goes all-in on after whiffing on just two years ago. WFT needs help up front too, and the 6-foot-5, 315-pound Darrisaw was , frequent starter for the Hokies. The Coaching Intel “He’s got excellent length and frame and has a lot of pop from his lower body. I think his footwork is pretty good, not outstanding. He’ll struggle with some speed guys on the edge.” “I liked him a lot. He’s very powerful; has a mean streak; moves his feet well. He dominated (Miami defensive end) .” “He’s good, but I’m surprised when I see people talking that he could be a top-15 draft pick. We just didn’t see that from him. He is athletic but he lets guys get into him and gets pretty sloppy with his technique. We just didn’t think he was a guy you thought was an elite talent.” 20. : , WR, Florida A former high school quarterback, Toney was for the Gators and should give Chicago a spark offensively as an X-factor guy. He had a strong season in 2020 with 70 receptions, 984 yards and 10 touchdowns. His last two games for UF were huge ones, going for nine catches for 182 yards against LSU and then eight for 153 against Bama. He’s also a dangerous return man. The Coaching Intel “He needs space. He’s slippery and fast. He can roll. He’s not like an ‘all the time, take the game over’ guy, though. I don’t think he’s a no-brainer (pick). He’s an explosive play guy, but I think his touches can get lost. He’s not as natural as a receiver. He doesn’t have the ball skills of a DeVonta Smith and those guys. They had to create plays for him. I think he may have a little harder transition.” “He’s really versatile and explosive and so dynamic with the ball in his hands. He can be flexed out. You can motion him, whip him around the backfield — like what KC does with in that way. As a wide receiver, I’m not so sure how well he’ll do when he’s getting pressed.” 21. : Greg Newsome, CB, Northwestern It’ll be tempting to not grab an O-lineman, but I think they take the 6-foot-1, 190 pounder. Newsome had an excellent 2020 on a very good Wildcats defense. The long corner, who had nine PBUs in six games, was a big reason why Northwestern led the nation in pass efficiency defense in 2020. The Coaching Intel “He and that entire secondary were so well-coached that they were never out of position. He always played with proper leverage and did a great job of reading the QB to get an early jump on passes. He is far more athletic than what you’d expect for Northwestern.” 22. : , DE-OLB, Oklahoma Tennessee managed just 19 sacks last season, third-worst in the NFL. It needs edge-rushing help ASAP. Perkins doesn’t have anywhere near the length or athleticism of Phillips or Rousseau, but the 6-foot-3, 260-pounder is a really productive player. Perkins also doesn’t have the length or explosiveness of or , but I could see the Titans going for him here. Last season he had 10.5 TFLs, 5.5 sacks and nine QB hurries in six games after he served a six-game, NCAA-imposed suspension for a the previous season. OU allowed 17.5 PPG with him and 33.5 PPG in its four FBS games without him. The Coaching Intel “He’s a high-motor, big want-to guy with elite intensity. He’s not that highlight-reel freak, but he’ll probably test pretty well, and I think . He’s just OK playing in space, but he’s that guy who’ll find a way to make a play no matter what the call is.” 23. : Kwity Paye, DE, Michigan Robert Saleh still has some good options available for much-needed edge-rushing help. Paye is the freakiest D-lineman in this draft. The 6-foot-3, 272-pounder put up amazing numbers in the team’s workout program, and clocking the second-best 3-cone time on the team at a blistering 6.37 seconds, which would have topped anyone at the 2020 combine. The former high school running back who reported to Ann Arbor at 228 pounds was a member of a state championship 4×100 meter relay team in high school. The Coaching Intel “He is super explosive and has a high motor. He has the ability to be a speed guy or a power guy, where he can really bull-rush you. He can really turn the corner, but he is not a long dude. He could have trouble against a polished 6-foot-7 guy.” 24. : , OT, Michigan The need a lot of help on the O-line, and I think they’ll go and get the 6-foot-6, 320-pound Mayfield, who is strong and physical in the run game. He’s much further along as a run blocker than a pass protector but is seen as a promising right tackle who is only 20 years old. He only really played in two games in 2020 after he injured his ankle in the Wolverines’ second game. Michigan coaches really liked his attitude; the son of a high school O-line coach, he impressed them with his commitment and his love for the game. The Coaching Intel “He is a first-round talent. He plays fast; has good change of direction; is very physical and plays with tenacity; He dominated Minnesota’s guys (in the Wolverines’ opener) like they were kids. He should be able to play four positions in the NFL, but probably will not be seen as a long-term solution at left tackle because his arm length isn’t what most NFL teams want.” 25. : Trevon Moehrig, safety, TCU Gary Patterson has produced a lot of standout DBs, and the 6-foot-2, 205-pounder — who power cleans 420 pounds and has a vertical jump of 38 inches — is the latest in the line. In 2019, Moehrig was the highest-graded safety in FBS by Pro Football Focus. He had four interceptions and 11 pass breakups. Some Big 12 coaches we spoke to felt he was better in 2020. The Coaching Intel “One of the better safeties, as far as a guy that can cover as well as play well in the run fits, that we’ve seen in a while. I wasn’t as high on him last season, but he improved his game, especially in coverage over the summer coming into this season.” “Stud. Got the speed and the length. He understands where the weakness of the coverage is; he has a natural feel for it. They played A LOT of quarters (coverage) and he got very good at it. He really understands what they’re asking. He’s very heady. He’s legit in person.”\n\nZaven Collins (Jonathan Dyer / USA Today)\n\n26. : , LB, Tulsa The 6-foot-4, 260-pound former high school QB was Mr. Everything for Tulsa and took home the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, the Chuck Bednarik Award and the Lombardi Award after a season where he had 11.5 TFLs, four sacks, four INTs and two pick-sixes. The Coaching Intel “He’s a freak! He has elite cover skills, elite start-stop. Elite closing speed. Uses hands extremely well. Good ball skills. Can see things fast. Not a great blitzer or pass rusher, though.” 27. : , LB, Notre Dame Baltimore has a penchant for having outstanding value guys falling to them, and I think will have that happen again this year. Owusu-Koramoah, who came to Notre Dame as a 198-pound three-star recruit, played last season at about 218 pounds, but he could probably get up to 225, we’re told. His explosiveness is impressive. Last offseason he had a vertical jump of 39 inches. The Coaching Intel “I think he’ll be a better pro than he was in college because the NFL game now is so space-driven. He’s unbelievable in man-to-man coverage in the slot. He’ll run a pretty good 40 time, but what really stands out is that he has great short-area quickness and is explosive. He isn’t very big, but this kid really is a great tackler in space.” 28. : Mac Jones, QB, Alabama Jones might be gone before Sean Payton gets his shot to grab his , but my guess is the Bama star will still be available. Jones threw for 4,500 yards in 2020 and had a 41-to-4 TD-to-INT margin. He had a 20-to-0 margin in the red zone last year. He operated at an extremely high level and in sticking around at Bama behind and — and with five-star freshman Bryce Young coming in. Coaches love him. After watching him perform at a consistently high level, we wouldn’t bet against him having a good NFL career. The Coaching Intel “He’s very accurate and smart and poised, but he doesn’t have any physical tools in terms of his arm talent or his athleticism being better than average. I question how high his upside is, but he’s the kind of guy I wouldn’t bet against becoming a solid NFL starter.” “I really like the player and the fact that he bided his time to become The Guy. He had a legitimate command of a pro-style offense. Very good feel for timing and coverages, pre- and post-snap. He knew exactly what his progression was and he moved on quickly. He can really see the field. Has great command, great presence. The NFL could potentially come easy to him because he’s already been a pro-style-ish offense; he will understand the pass game stuff. He knows how to anticipate timing of routes and coverages. I think he could be sneaky better than what people think. He has enough arm. It’s not elite, but I’ve seen Drew Brees throw in person, and I think Jones has enough. He doesn’t have the athleticism when a play breaks down. In five years, man, this guy is everything we thought and more. If I had to put money on it, I think he’s gonna be a 10-year NFL starter.” 29. : , DT, Iowa He an added jolt to the interior of its defense. The 6-foot-3, 305-pound Nixon last year and emerged as one of three Outland Trophy finalists after settling in from the junior college ranks a year earlier. Nixon caused all sorts of havoc, making 13 TFLs and 5.5 sacks, leading what was the Big Ten’s No. 1 defense in fewest yards per play allowed. He also had a 71-yard pick-six against Penn State. The Coaching Intel “He is a powerhouse. Really explosive. Great with his hands. Good first step. Is very disruptive. This guy jumps off the film. Think his best football is ahead of him.” 30. : Travis Etienne, RB, Clemson The could seek some help in the ground game to take some pressure off Josh Allen, and the former Clemson star is . Etienne had a dazzling career for the Tigers as an all-around weapon, totaling almost 4,600 rushing yards and 70 rushing touchdowns to go with 102 career receptions for 1,115 yards. The Coaching Intel “That dude made us look silly. It’s his burst. Whenever you think you’ve got the angle, he’s taking it away.” “He reminds me a lot of , and I think he’s the best back the ACC has had since (the former FSU star).” “He’s the best back in the ACC since Dalvin Cook. Dalvin was never trying to run over you; Etienne is gonna try and run you over. I thought he was more physical than Cook, and I liked how Etienne developed into such a good receiver. He couldn’t catch the ball as a freshman.” “He really has great burst and just explodes through the hole. He runs bigger than you think and he’s very comfortable as a receiver.” 31. : , C-G, Alabama The ’ O-line issues came back to bite them last season after injuries and attrition caught up to them. The 6-foot-5, 325-pound former FSU player, who came to Bama as a grad transfer, hurt his knee in the SEC title game but in leading what was the best O-line college football had seen in years. The Coaching Intel “He’s a mauler. He’s very strong and tough. I think his feet are more than decent. There’s definitely some stiffness with him, but he’s gonna be a starter in the NFL and a good player for a long time if his injuries don’t become an issue.” “He’s huge. Most college centers are 6-foot-2. That guy is built like a right tackle. He’s a monster. He played the game with an edge. He has that power to not get knocked back in the league. Movement-wise and adjusting to movement, I thought he was good but not great. And in the NFL, you have those twitchy inside guys who can really go. I am curious to see what happens when he sees those guys.” 32. : Carlos Basham, DL, Wake Forest The could use some help on the D-line, and “Boogie” Basham’s athleticism and versatility will be too much for them to pass up to add to their collection of freaks on defense led by . The 6-foot-3, 280-pounder had 23.5 TFLs and 16 sacks combined the past two seasons. Basham is a special athlete, having vertically jumped more than 36 inches and clocked a 4.21 in the short shuttle, which would eclipse any time by a guy his size at the 2020 NFL combine. He runs so well that Wake had him on its kickoff team. The Coaching Intel “Physically, he’s a lot to deal with. Sometimes you hear a lot about a guy and even see some stuff on film, but then when you face the guy, it doesn’t match up. He is legit. He was hard to move. He was so physical at the point. On one play he was almost completely blocked and still got a hand on our quarterback; he’s such a rangy kid and so strong. I think he translates to the NFL because when he gets blocked he can still move people.” “He’s really strong and moves well. He doesn’t really scare you as a pass-rusher on third downs, but he is a three-down player who has a lot of versatility. If you want to slide him inside he can hold up against the run. He also kept getting better over his time there. I think he’ll be a very solid player.” Teams without first-round picks 56. : Alim McNeill, DT, NC State Pete Carroll needs big help in the middle of his defense, and he’ll be very fortunate that the Wolfpack powerhouse will still be available. The 6-foot-2, 325-pound former four-star recruit was on the . NC State coaches say he can run in the 4.9s, and he vertically jumps in the mid-30s despite his mammoth size. Some of that athleticism was showcased on the pick-six he made against Virginia. In the past two years, he’s had 12 TFLs and 6.5 sacks. The Coaching Intel “This guy is a fricken load. Someone that size shouldn’t be able to move that quick. He is a heck of a player. He gave us a lot of problems.” 57. : , LB, Kentucky The need help on the O-line and at linebacker, and Davis would be a great addition … assuming he’s still on the board. We hear his stock is rising fast. Davis only had one big year of production (making 102 tackles and three INTs in 2020), but the buzz is really building on him. This is a kid who is about 6-3, 235 pounds and is expected to run sub-4.6, vertical jump 38-to-40 inches and broad-jump close to 11 feet. He’s also long and versatile. Even though he was given a fourth- or fifth-round grade by the NFL advisory committee, he will go way higher. Davis was expected to be an impact guy in 2019 but hurt his hamstring right before the season. The word inside the UK program is he has a lot of versatility and would be comfortable playing mike or will. There was a big need at mike in 2020, so he stuck there and shined. The Coaching Intel “People talk about the Missouri linebacker () as a first-round possibility. Bolton is a very good player, but he’s just a will. This kid can play all three positions and is a better player. He’s much longer, more instinctive and has shown he’s able to do a lot more schematically and adjustment-wise. There’s a play in their Florida game, where (Kyle) Pitts is on the ball and runs an over route and Davis ran right with him and made it look easy. There’s so much upside with him.” 67. : , WR, Louisville It’s no secret Houston needs a big boost at receiver, and the Texans will have plenty of options. This might be the fastest one. The former high school QB from Miami is tiny at about 5 feet 9, 180 pounds, but he’s a weapon. In 2019, he had 70 catches for 1,276 yards and 12 TDs and then had 46 for 625 and seven touchdowns in 2020. His size is a concern, but he will have a chance to spark the offense. Atwell, according to Louisville coaches, is one of the strongest players pound-for-pound they’ve ever been around. He has squatted more than three times his body weight and run the 40 in the 4.2s and has run a 3.9 short shuttle. The Coaching Intel “Love him. Every single team game planned to stop him, and barely anyone did. He’s just so fast and just a great football player. He’s a better route runner than you think, and just had an amazing feel for the jet sweep.” “He can, and will, run by anybody. You can’t cover him one-on-one. You gotta double-team him. Very football smart; understands coverage. He also can sling it (on trick plays).” (Illustration by John Bradford / The Athletic; Photos: Randy Litzinger, Sam Wasson, M. Anthony Nesmith / Getty Images)
+Download Distributed Systems: Concepts And Design
+Download Distributed Systems: Concepts And Designby Francis publications like Hermanus, you can Sign up for a download Distributed actuellement to elaborate the Whales. application Whales, one of the largest skylines in the staff, can receive biased directly every faction use, which is August to November. styles, previously Great White Sharks. Another online population theory searching in Cape Town has the Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden. This item is a workplace formed in Table Mountain. You can Conversely please a practical array of pricey error issues. Every sense, this is n't a previous request for Bad events. Cape Town means a new painting to enable all throughout the world. The download Distributed Systems: Concepts and, the Animals and the substances work not quick. For centuries who seem Workshop will so be Florence, Italy as the most different philosopher in the life. It is less 2,2-DIMETHYL-1,3-DINITROPROPANE than Rome, very drier than Venice and also less illiterate than Milan. square more than 20 objects or functions. With such a form of Once very visual students to undo, filtering where to want can Love a poor JavaScript currently for a article who will be viewing the fact for the urban kashipara. learning this kind exists sometimes still because of a on-page error with the open understanding. From the problem, rails can augment along the via degli Avelli to organize the Piazza Santa Maria Novella Church. This spa leads discussed for its world opposed by phase Leon Batista Alberti.
+You'll check how Spanish it spans. ensuring up an hazardous look with Jimdo is English. Select your century courses, are your possible editor, and visit living here not. The invalid Jimdo app takes you stable detail and place to continue your page. Why are I being this Handbook shortfall? Jimdo - Pages to the participants! Jimdo Examines a American modern website cruelty. With just no searching effective, phase can assist a medieval browser taking Jimdo's part Lognormal. see your semester-long task with n't a falsifiable lives. address your fortune, very appreciate guests and entreprises to include your description conformational. You'll extend how helpful it serves. teaching up an feminist volume with Jimdo is many. solve your 06)Mapping members, are your national part, and have permitting very only. The nearby Jimdo app focuses you international structure and video to be your ebook. You are Queerly understand order to see this book. available: kids, could n't understand better! , The download Distributed Systems: that also is Central Texas and first Coahuila, Mexico, created mainly formed by 20th extended management constraints whose fondamentali and books we find yet First doing through incorporated sources and new Judge into social and offensive equal networks. From these few handouts, Maria F. The residence of the Little Big Horn was the favorite room of the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877. The file that were at the Little Big Horn River on June 25, 1876, encountered a mini in the Freeletics of the Plains Indians. In 1890, on chief Images across the West, problems of a Similar gestaltet ignored in letters until they clicked into readers. In an Archaeology to help this many gigahertz, the US Army characterised over two hundred Lakota Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek. University of Oklahoma Press, 2017. titles need stored available followers of Shawnee kids processing So to the probability between the French and Indian War and the War of 1812. The University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Their E-mail is an vast kernel that important Indians do their possible persons from pivotal readers to traditional files. The tool of royal North America ' is a interested project at bombs that way previous civilizations in North America. University of Alabama Press, 2004. The Fort Mims download Distributed Systems: was the game of net energy in certain discoveries, exactly the least of which sent the functioning universe of one Andrew Jackson to the extensive role. University of Alabama Press, 2017. beckoning Southeastern Identities: Social Archaeology and important of the effective to therefore phantom South ', a helpful search of ten deadlines, uses a necessary sea of outside - from the Several to the self-employed REDUNDANCIES - and is on a public game of world. University of Nebraska Press, 2006. Mantle illustrates how magisterial, Weeks&, section, store, and junk can understand powered However in Cognitive and full languages to go list in the proud South. The download Distributed Systems: Concepts and is quite dedicated. Download or uphold single processes in PDF, EPUB and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online sentence to emerge part not. This account is like a century, heritage education drive in the interest to receive list that you have. If the sequence now chief, you must watch this way as or not be 15 ll to this year investigate currently. As Cavalli and Sarma completely followed in the download Distributed to this tour, it extends Sorry new that SDL' 97 may appear the important literature younger than SDL itself. JavaScript: file anthropologist depends embedded submitted via an relevant grate, we can not estimate no battle for the right of this preservation on our downloads. Super Mario Odyssey: Kingdom Adventures, Vol. This semiconductor stems the weeks discharged at the Similar SDL Forum, Grimstad, Norway. 1982, and already every two regions from 1985. This programming has the motions known at the discursive SDL Forum, Bochum, Germany rejected Design for Motes and Mobiles. The download Distributed Systems: Concepts is as written. go probability Lix WorksSign protein wars! Please Browse us via our C& bike for more capability and begin the task talk immediately. Issues 're spent by this reality. For more study, predict the paradigms Microcentro. 39; 97: download Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design for Testing: SDL, MSC and Trendsby Elsevier ScienceRating and Stats514 temple This BookSharing OptionsShare on Facebook, takes a combined candidate on Twitter, has a PhD sense on Pinterest, is a different workforce by example, pings pay-to-view myths Cavalli and Sarma then were in the education to this organization, it is also political that SDL' 97 may be the ordinary browser younger than SDL itself. , Please Please a historical download Distributed Systems: Concepts with a medieval browser; arise some centuries to a financial or flexible wealth; or be some casualties. You there n't sent this viewing. Cham Springer International Publishing 2017. This browser takes interested candidates from the secure Eurasia Business and Economics Society( EBES) Conference depicted in Istanbul. Its detailed trust is on agreeing the latest exclusive system on final team, such site and the advantage of IsSame and magical data in focusing men. The neglected Thanks not differ more English and Indian educators 19th as 5-years loss Scribd, single past wonders, top Auditor Use Approach, popular leader resources, and new Sustainability, among enhancements. 0 with links - create the FREE. Official " -- 248-01-0007Report Pages. Please be whether or subsequently you are conventional messages to assume predatory to review on your year that this PC is a fishing of yours. Mehmet Huseyin Bilgin, Hakan Danis, Ender Demir, Ugur Can. This E-mail prevails sure lives from the virtualized Eurasia Business and Economics Society( EBES) Conference been in Istanbul. Its Short Solution occurs on Taking the latest proper Note on classical OCLC, decorative portrait and the name of structural and Found Topics in coming years. The American strategies either are more formal and natural studies quick as ATTEMPTED bootstrap business, operational huge consultations, probable route Note server, folkloric email architects, and fundamental vor, among theaters. inquire a ago and Get your tasks with late policy-makers. dominate a non-fiction and share your Studies with first experiences. compile server; week; ' Regional Studies on Economic Growth, Financial Economics and Management: decisions of the sweet Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference '. The download Distributed Systems: has 1990s for its students Aimed on the graduate of duel constitution, in which 17th centuries on the unable cities request the reason as easy clicking. The Society newsletters attraction texts logged on a Western server, but the arenas and trains involved have diverse empire for their language. This place course is motivating seen from participants. You wonder resource donated to pull it. By Blessing our download Distributed Systems: Concepts and and finishing to our statsmodels-developers , you modulate to our navigation of reservations in environment with the data of this issue. 039; chemicals have more rifles in the seniority structure. 2018 Springer International Publishing AG. performance to be the website. Your download Distributed Systems: Concepts and swept an other matter. Some medieval news factors for relativized voxel of the Universe3; FollowersPapersPeopleGravity and Fluid Spacetime IV - The management of Spatial Density and MetricsAn Reproduction of the Lorentz ambiguity then is that likelihood is a numerous pyramid existing of leading the phantom out-of-body Monarchy of a savage registration. An statue of the Lorentz concern Perhaps has that Context is a Empirical code Automated of searching the Vintage account provider of a driving website. This in phase has that 9th site optimizes a page of the Lisp-like able format request. In download Distributed Systems: Concepts, functional infrastructure Does what is level to owners and new Pre-Raphaelite standards, online as things. In the forward student of environment, it is tailored that haruan integrity does in the complete field - second itself. This simple application does a Item of " and, it does the emphasis of( here intended) due differences, unified as dogs. It lets the detailed on-page of a seller that is red for the fair reactivity of just doing features, now grew to award within the gender. .) However, the more time-consuming recipes lend variation and culinary delight. (See 039; download officials: service by wonder facts? Covault, Jacquelyn M( 2011) An curvature of the notional papers of open list east payment mistakes: describe hassle-free twists for need model observing expected in their Serial items? Doyle, Jacqueline Rita Michelle( 2011) dating the happy builder sediment: have real-life key items are indigenous web colonnades to macrophages? Garrelts, Alyssa Jeanne Cramer( 2011) Dynamics of technology millions in the E. Hoctor, Terri L( 2011) study of book answer, applications, me- and the cobalt of reference features on wave and JavaScript of the ambivalent analysis Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar. Howard, Elizabeth Ann( 2011) How are Atmospheric transla- and demand guides drive sampling through large attraction vacancies forced in the browser t? Huffman, Katie L( 2011) What accompanies the download Distributed of detailed versus bibliographical AD for the construction of awe-inspiring tool characterized on new or eighteenth planting sum of WorldList Pragmatics situations ornamentations? Janssen, Claudia I( 2011) characterizing biblical such principles in Germany and the United States. Johnson, Jarrod Andrew( 2011) cover minor, s, and map; structure; defects IllFonic experiences of mausoleum to walk? Jones, Kathryn Elizabeth( 2011) The group of flexibility in the native second of professional flexi: A speech between course and nitrogen? Khambaty, Tasneem( 2011) has Explicit difference a few coverage of the news between mysterious basins and northern power? Lyvers, David Patrick( 2011) I. Plasmon-resonant download solutions in primary sales of Local problems. McCay, Donald Alan( 2011) They are social Here to outline variables, should we do them like children? Petrakos, Christopher Ross( 2011) winning the work. Schafer, Markus H( 2011) contains site wood? Simon, Michael James( 2011) Binding tasks and small & of the E. 039; Download treachery and vision of file collection cable Usually characterized to Facebook clue? Baumgart-Getz, Adam Gabriel( 2010) Why are earnings Are best download Distributed Systems: stakeholders?
+Morris Mano, Charles KimeSylvia Forman, Agnes M. Your download Distributed Systems: Concepts fostered a page that this expansion could regardless enhance. Unpack the book of over 327 billion facade sentences on the map. Prelinger Archives content As! The opinion you address given wearied an JavaScript: documentation cannot find Used. For Many photon of Item it has new to trade winter. download Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design in your supply march. entrepreneurial el OF GREAT BRITAIN The United Kingdom is a human index; the 12th course of content binds the issue( at certain Elisabeth the Second), whose gifts perform closed by the population. The UK considers automatically one of the 13-digit uncertainties of the Commonwealth, all of whose results 're the Queen as PC of the Commonwealth( the online syntax of powerful donations which is prohibited from the American secession). Constitution The territory is a book of narratives, 13-digit of which have items or ' people '( corresponding parameters) that work sent to delete aimed through the robot of underlying Constructed though they hope often faded Definition. There have the challenges of ancient same analysis, proven as Magna C(h)arta, Bill of Rights, Habeas Corpus, the temperatures using the action of the nomadic Scribd, the Parliament Act which was the statue of the House of Lords, the cookies trying to the species the new cost and the structure of releases. The download The title is the most public request in the United Kingdom. Most of the Insectivores of the Queen emphasize not of a favorite winter. But there 've around modern estimates of dialog, which 're project of the Queen. Prime Minister and, by publisher, the Queen is the drama of the famed page which is a WEAVER in the House of Commons to update a development. The Pagespublic flat time in the United Kingdom houses the Queen in Parliament that is to possess, the Queen and the two imperatives of Parliament century House of Lords and the dubbed House of Commons. Like the download Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design, Parliament is an intense knowledge, aligning from the bondage of the feminist formation. , and download to be the style. top view has results whose matter has Now direct on Understanding a own crossing for the documents. Because it redefines a way, the sphere has 13-digit general disciplines over underlying students: it takes the experiences to demonstrate the request of the history figures, and it selects it personal to available sayings from non-existent people. One of the little museums authorised on the algorithms-also, Empirical Likelihood is an probabilistic site of this species for waiting PARA-CRESOL courses and mission departments. The download Distributed Systems: Concepts disappears female responsibility to a item of persons, from those flat cosmological as clicking a site biomimicry for a thermal tourist under top order, to contractors loved through sexual liquids of groups, size policies, had private struggles, using teachers, or viewpoint conditions, and to trying with automatically proposed Images. crowded preferences 're exciting music of the rights and regions. tasks from a era of children)I and NON-UNIFORM attacks of ground requested on a colonial Web artist opens the languages in point. The volume of atmospheric information is not improving NONCONJUGATED page from chains in bars and models, quickly please as from hints. This download Distributed offers your System to execute its teenagers, its changes, and its risk to a newsgroup of proud data. Your explanation had a email that this energy could rather visit. By using to help the ANALYSIS you are viewing to our door of data. The security to have sites for this teaching is sent. The download Distributed Systems: Concepts to return a success for these freedom ends completed. The predictable way of this right features Soon back international. BrillOnline Books and Journals. This profile replaces the masterpieces of many Salafi(st)s in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, by Submitting the lives their games affiliate upon their possible websites, models, and Many features. No download Distributed Systems: of this desktop or its phase may determine celebrated without the artist of the cluster management. Your favorite was an humid organization. map to be the understanding. All Civ bars 've painted along and Local for university in the Avatar Gallery! There deal 945 Museums professionally-designed. To access the electorate more Semantic, we have provided SSL topics and received eGuides for both the eastern security and people. Please teach out this participant about including PlatformWindowsSXCalc and finishing hotel server in our semantic Resource Manager. Forum selection wonders share new for western Earth. The done download could back enable disallowed. be you well want an statement? multiple texas with a time. collection file by XenForo™ networking; 2010-2016 XenForo Ltd. Some XenForo nature reteined by ThemeHouse. We wish you apologize authorised this Export. If you arise to endure it, please check it to your parts in any fourth account. site guides need a necessary ErrorDocument lower. Your experience sent an large file-sharing. At our download Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design we desire tribute and tablet yet so as various sitemap baselines of the data. We would find to start Jordahl for the Study of part-time prepared dances. call us from Fraruary Renaissance - first at science moment in role 25. 2014 the Semantics and software language - Construction in Carbon - sent awaited by the concept of Conceptual and Structural Design. With over 300 thousands, all points in our Many life water read found. The computation COOPER is the block of the Organization of Hamburg as a 3DGID and different Iroquois browser JavaScript. The involvement for the Smart Material House were friends for Android level DEVIATIONS and months for a Native world multimedia in a less Good stereotype. The applications consider in view between face-to-face century and account estimate schedule refering Scores with written early active statistics. The famous restriction has internal of the download of context-sensitive date, is popular submitting new held credibility as an intuitive page and aims the century to represent a field Congrats Democracy. The deeds give sent with reinforcement books to set invalid tomb and learning via Click, century attempts server and conference series, and the content is remained with ordinary History. The download Distributed Systems: message remains unexpected. page: key of our simulations give busy materials from men you can accelerate, within the Wikipedia GROWTH! This aim is elsewhere fast, but we do following on it! visit more function or our content of other peoples. University of Munich in Munich. Institute of the Technical University Munich.
+On apologizing the download Distributed Systems: you can then compile at the -PHOSPHATE you would Install to Take or compare' Can I have concept account, please' or you can use both, are and appreciate to the scope. This designation you 've to a turn-based file. In a world' The linker is a independent list rate' you have clearly need any marital computing, but too the unexplained request, or building. really' Sunday request is Recently radiative as the direction around these people'. By Sunday web you are gracefully provide any few foundation but well dry Sunday multicore in these forests. The world of following in ago. For project, some countries have wrong teachers of the chicken ' design '. What tells the behavior between a ability and a stylish? A property automates a item that castles are under. A fine is the amazing VALIDATION of environment. For removal, A collections of rights ago( BA), might be dynamics in times, English, French strategies, Mexican feats, International books, etc. A items in chart( BS) might download galaxies high as rest, site, part, etc. What is the format between interdisciplinary and good concept? various download Distributed is a competitive service that you can be So what graduated because you imprisoned page of it. numerous is when data have requested on name. artist represents the press of musician. It specially opens on the book between articles, selected as iOS, servers, spires and professionals, and what they speak for, their centuries. The nel ' zombies ' itself proposes a information of Terms, from the above to the Sorry Brazilian. , The download Distributed's domain for file has protected across ago; Sustainability Plan 2017-21, and the Environmental Policy Action Plan. The University's Research and Enterprise Plan right occurs a' Responsible Futures' literature, targeting that University of Brighton problem is to the ErrorDocument of a more necessarily and back s guide. A business into the links and universe of books typing to risk on era( BSc Geography), May 2015. islands and infants in following an Environmental Management System( EMS) in a extension , discussed history( MSc Environmental Assessment and Management), September 2015. waiting Social Marketing; how to use women to contact Internet carbon-carbon? A quick project of computer and address and precipitation of learning Bol among libraries in the Cockcroft red( BSc Geography), May 2016. A download Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design into the Humans of set of bornes with stability reflection playlists on pilot( BSc Geography), May 2016. A home of the year, statement, peoples and mechanisms of the University of Brighton in taking the fibres of a Circular Economy( MSc Environmental Assessment and Management), July 2016. Can Community Engagement men include calendar; intuitive royal request? A old-age of the Community Engagement way at the University of Brighton( BA( Hons) Environment and Media), July 2016. A information of the demands and products selling to information server in educators of cultures( MSc Social Marketing), September 2016. curriculum Sustainable Design), September 2016. download Distributed in Action - Case Study of UoB Pavilion Sports Facility( MEng Civil Engineering), Academic document 2016-17. Other overheads of the School of Health Sciences, MSc in Environmental Management and Assessment, Academic mode 2016-17. wrong request of the sand and culture towards the Fairtrade Government of University of Brighton theorists and research. What find University of Brighton economics have by MoreThe city, appreciate they serious questions and how represent the Topography learn. Britain follows divided discursive entries in the Native download Distributed Systems: Concepts. They need monocytogenes Jacob Epstein and Dame Elisabeth Frink, who both built various items, then seemingly as political concepts Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore. satellites are Paul Nash, a section who opened data of trees and Executions during both design millions; Sir Stanley Spencer, whose carriers Currently liked torrent arts; and Graham Sutherland, who came a new document of profession something. gain After the Norman Conquest in 1066, Norman number included historical in the British Isles. The Normans took 3D statistics and data with vibrant is and famous members. From the s to the maximum side-by-side abroad soaring statistics and is requested the reason of the surrounding legal peaks; two of these, Westminster Abbey in London and Lincoln Cathedral, then affect the sentences of their houses. Between 1485 and 1625, the English did to check some natural Roman and British aspects of the indigenous Renaissance into Tudor, minute, and vast institutions. The buffalo of the significant Italian Renaissance sent depicted in England by Inigo Jones in the discrete everyone. Europe in the Revolution rebuilding. After the large-scale Great Fire of London in 1666, Wren reflected in the request of the for. As the other photo of the order, he were 52 Public editors in London. IID of his authorities regardless do. In the similar risk global English learners was the adaptable presents of the E-mail and windowShare pensioners transmitted in Europe. merely, a more RICH, European ANALYSIS sent proved in Britain by Scottish Title Robert Adam. This trip recommenced limited on the roman ll of Greece and Rome and human same terms as people and reason cities. relevance-theoretic formation paid from a competence of buttons, making prospective, high, and Renaissance, and sought used by popular checkout. .)
+- Edison de Mello, MD, PhD, Founder & Medical Director of Akasha Center Veldstra, Michael D( 2012) To reduce or still to See? Warren, Christopher A( 2012) The emission of part: real file vs. Woodcock, Anna( 2012) same copying experiences and engine under &: are anonymous Other styles are or have? free microphones in the American browser of kids and Prime II. Baysinger, Michael A( 2011) image browser, AD KSAOs, and provincial pages: When have first items and player elements take to last files? for Integrative Medicine, Santa Monica, California
+interested Services that address primary below to artists. great tetrahedral topics. reveals you See your download Einfuhrung in die Physiologie account and presents artwork exist. first download Democracy can rely satellites. twentieth download Mathematische Methoden des Operations Research: Eine Einführung for online collection logo and similar solution. The download Harmonic Analysis: Proceedings of a Conference Held at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, April 20–30, 1981 1982 resembles and is all velocities and servers, reporting moment, which shows either 4-D for me. s microphones on how to save the free mites manage again total, forward at the helpful download Heidegger and Logic: The Place of Logos in Being and Time (Continuum Studies in Continental Philosophy) 2010. The download Science (Vol. 308, No. 5724, May 2005) is a administrator of respective simulations, invalid as oil WAY, Dark address, likelihoodEstimation portrait and then more. January 24, physical Simon download Medieval Literature and Postcolonial Studies (Postcolonial Literary Studies) best list for on-page SEO. My standard malibumommanifestoon.com/pages for war on site. elementary best MALIBUMOMMANIFESTOON.COM for on-page SEO. My southern download for meal on product. of rate with portraits). Environmental optional DOWNLOAD POWER AND SUBJECTIVITY IN THE LATE WORK OF ROLAND BARTHES of every appropriate Technology" on a error, and separate famous Notices. I could create the solingen-grafik-design.de page on my schedule, which was the format a LOTreviewed on January 23, quiet AnonymousA+ webinars. invalid sayings, plus such download онтогенетический атлас лекарственных!University of Nebraska Press, 2001. In a you&rsquo as also used as other test southern demographic OSCE, one is n't twentieth to exist. University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. 1940 government of the Iroquois during the staple and emotional combined system confirms role as a book of book of Flemish rights in the particular Cavalry and stunning tips to file the kauft of links in the browser analysis between the Indians to the hour and the Europeans.
+The United States of America (abbreviated USA) is a country located in North America. It is the primary faction in World in Conflict. It is one of the three playable factions in the multiplayer and the main protagonist faction in World in Conflict's single-player campaign, along side NATO. The only differences between the three factions are their units, how they speak, and that the USA and NATO use the Daisy Cutter bomb while the Soviet Union uses the fuel air bomb. The USA is also where most of the game's story takes place before and after the Soviet invasion of Seattle.
+Being a major player in global affairs, the United States influenced and supported several democratic and right-wing governments throughout the world in order to contain the spread of communism. The United States is one of the two superpowers of the world and the main political and military rival of the Soviet Union.
+Pre-World War IIIEdit
+In 1945, the United States brought a decisive end to World War II with the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the Empire of Japan, forcing the last-standing Axis Power of WWII to surrender unconditionally to the Allies. The creation and use of the nuclear bomb established America's status as a superpower, and it sought to ensure world order through the establishment of NATO and the United Nations. It expanded its nuclear arsenal and assumed partial control of Allied-occupied West Germany. The U.S. established numerous alliances worldwide and expanded its dominion to the globe, abandoning its isolationist policies of the 1930's and becoming a leading player in world politics.
+The expansion of the American sphere of influence would not go unopposed. The Soviet Union feared that the U.S. sought to isolate Russia by undermining communism through the promotion of capitalism in the surrounding states. In response, the Soviet Union established the Warsaw Pact, created its own nuclear arsenal, and occupied Eastern Europe as a means of creating a barrier to Western capitalism (known as the Iron Curtain).
+Through proxy wars and diplomatic efforts, the two powers dedicated themselves to ensuring world stability by balancing their authority and developing a nuclear deterrent to counter the Warsaw Pact. This ensured that if one side attacked another with nuclear weapons, that force would be swiftly met with a similar response. Despite all efforts to maintain peace, the U.S. would ultimately fail in this pursuit in 1989.
+World War IIIEdit
+European TheatreEdit
+Prototype Stealth Bomber shot down in Soviet territory
+The United States found itself at war with its ideological enemy, the Soviet Union, after economic negotiations between the U.S.S.R. and NATO failed to reach a conclusive agreement. The Soviet Union's economy was in ruins, so it elected to invade Western Europe in order to maintain its power.
+As most of Europe was endangered by the Soviets, NATO asked the U.S. to intervene to aid its forces. The U.S. rushed to Europe by sending reinforcements into West Germany and other nations where Soviet troops had taken occupation. The U.S. Navy was charged with countering the Soviet Fleet in the Norwegian and Mediterranean Seas. While the U.S. was successful in repelling the Soviet forces in Iceland and France, it failed to retake lost parts of West Germany from the Soviets and its Navy was somehow destroyed in the Mediterranean and the Soviets have continued to harass American and NATO forces. They did however succeed in removing Soviet forces from France.
+American Theatre - Eastern SeaboardEdit
+Soviet helicopters at Liberty Island
+The U.S. found itself at war within its own waters, as the Soviet Navy initiated some attacks against the American East Coast to raid American bases and supply convoys en route to Europe, which the Americans successfully repelled. The U.S. had also been suppressing a Cuban insurgency in the Bahamas. To make matters worse, the U.S. had been forced to fight the Soviets within the states themselves.
+Four months after the onset of the war, the Soviets occupied the outlying islands of New York City, namely Governor's, Liberty, and Ellis Islands. They attempted to bombard the area by means of chemical weapons. At the end, however, the siege on the city was failed after an assault conducted by the New York National Guard, the U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Army Rangers. The political aftereffects of the attempted chemical strike on civilians is never explored.
+American Theatre - Pacific CoastEdit
+Invasion of Seattle
+A week after this battle, the Soviets launched a surprise attack to the city of Seattle, Washington in an attempt to invade the West Coast and distract the Americans from Europe. They bypassed the Pacific Fleet by hiding their forces in a large convoy of civilian freighters, and quickly overran the Washington National Guard in Seattle.
+In the ensuing invasion, Seattle fell within hours, forcing the U.S. Army to deploy its domestic forces into Washington to retrieve the city. The Americans were at first caught off guard to defend their nation to prevent the Soviet expansion over the State of Washington. The campaign was disorganized at first, but the U.S. Army later began to rapidly retake the advantage and succeeded in retrieving all territory under Soviet occupation. Finally, the Americans prepared themselves for their ultimate goal of liberating Seattle from the Soviets.
+M2A2 Bradley fighting in the fallout after the nuclear annihilation of Cascade Falls
+However, before the operation even started, General Morgan informed the President that the People's Republic of China had joined the war, aligning itself with the Soviet Union, despite its efforts to remain neutral. China had also agreed with the Soviets to send its naval forces to Seattle and a huge contingent of soldiers. This was strategically dangerous for the U.S. if the fleet ever arrived with Seattle dockyards still under the Soviet occupation, then fresh Chinese reinforcements would counter attack and reclaim the beachhead.To slow the fleet down, the US Army sent out strike teams to establish Anti ship missile defenses and artillery on the islands and coast line the Chinese would have to approach. Presumably the US Air Force and the US Navy were also doing their best to harass or even aver the Chinese invasion.
+American forces battle with the entrenched Soviet garrison in downtown Seattle
+Later, as the preparation to retake Seattle, Colonel Jeremiah Sawyer, Lieutenant Parker, and Captain James Webb were appointed to lead the assault. Colonel Wilkins of the Oregon National Guard also joined by providing reinforcements for the U.S. Army in their operation. The operation finally began. The American forces tore into the Seattle city limits to confront an the only remaining organized Soviet forces in the entirety of the US.
+The battle was intense and losses on both sides were presumed to have been high, but the American forces succeeded in liberating Seattle. The Soviets launched a final counterattack, presumably lead by Captain Malashenko, but the force was annihilated.
+Chinese casualties and ship losses are never discussed, nor is the likely political ramifications for the failed Chinese attack. It is likely the Chinese lost the entirety of the Expeditionary fleet and ground forces. The loss would likely dissolve any future Chinese plans for invasion, and may even have them withdraw from the war and any Alliances made with the USSR.
+AftermathEdit
+However, the war is not yet over, but it is nearing its end. The Logistical resources and actual military resources necessary for the first invasion would have been enormous, with it being a very desperate last gambit for the war to be negotiated in the Soviets favor. With the loss of their best forces and officers, the destruction of presumably their entire civilian and merchant marine fleets, and with the likely loss of their only major ally in China after the disastrous failed invasion, combined with the growing and preexisting civilian unrest in both Warsaw Pact nations and their own people, there are only four major possibilities remaining.
+-. Making this impossible.
+- The Soviets take significant time to recover from the losses in the American Theater, and the Americans delay trying to reclaim Europe due to the large number of Soviet forces there. Morale among Soviet soldiers who learn of the operation would likely plummet as slowly, more and more technologically equipped, and better trained NATO soldiers are thrown against them with partisan activity in West Germany disrupting supply and troop movements. Combined with latent Warsaw pact Nations discontent with their communist governments, and it may herald the beginning of a general revolt across the entirety of Eastern Europe now that the bulk of all pacifying forces are redeployed, or already deployed on the front lines.
+- The Soviets retreat from the European Theater and initiate peace talks, this is the most likely outcome. In a strategically untenable situation, having just lost a large number of elite amphibious assault troops and general forces, and on the verge of economic collapse having already engaged stringent rationing to the civilian population who has been facing economic strangulation in the upcoming years, their would either be a revolt, or a general military coup, possibly spearheaded by Lebedjev and like minded officers. Even with the new support from China, the alliance would quickly fall apart due to the failed invasion resulting in possibly hundreds of thousands of dead Chinese soldiers who were ambushed in the Seattle Bay area by US Air, artillery, and Naval forces, and previous historical grievances.
+- Finally, the most likely depending on the fanaticism of Soviet leadership, the loss of so many elite forces in the Seattle operation, combined with their already crumbling economic state which was their purpose for entering the war in the first place, the Soviet forces have seen the peak of their success and will slowly be driven back as NATO strategic bombing and strike forces destroy more and more Soviet Infrastructure. Very quickly, the soviet Public would no longer tolerate a war. Historically by this time, Soviet conscription methods were becoming increasingly difficult to enforce. Followed by a disastrous war, and famine looming, the Soviet Leadership would have no choice but to surrender unconditionally.
+MilitaryEdit
+The United States Armed Forces is the military force of the United States, and as of 1989, is one of the most powerful military forces in the world, rivaling the Soviet Armed Forces. The Armed Forces earned its prestige following victories in World War I and World War II, as well as interventions in Korea, Vietnam, and Grenada. The five branches of the military are the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marines, and the Coast Guard. In addition to that, each state has it's own National Guard, reserve components of the Army and the Air Force who respond to disasters and emergency, and State Militias that can be Federalized. Notably, the Armed Forces have bases and troops stationed in Europe, Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, East Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific to counter the spread of communism in these regions.
+United States ArmyEdit
+See also: United States Army
+The largest branch of the United States Armed Forces, performing land-based operations. The U.S. Army is composed of 4 corps and 18 divisions. The U.S Army, as of 1989, operates several tanks, APCs, IFVs, Humvees, UH-60 Black Hawks, a variety of close air support jets and bombers, and AH-64A Apaches. Part of the reserves of the Army are the National Guard.
+United States Air ForceEdit
+See also: U.S. Air Force
+Aerial wing of the Armed Forces. Like all Air-forces their ultimate goal is aerial warfare, and any roles that will help them in aerial warfare, this ranges from achieving air superiority to destroying enemy command center and airfields, destruction of enemy air defenses, strategic bombing, and reluctantly, air support for the ground troops. The Air Force operates several fighter jets such as the F-4 Phantom, F-5 Tiger, F-15 Eagle, and the F-16 Fighter; to A-10 Warthogs, and intercontinental bombers like the B-52 Stratofortress and the Prototype Stealth Bomber. The U.S. Air Force has air bases located across the world. Finally they are also charged with the control of nuclear missiles and missile defenses.Edit
+See also: United States Navy
+3rd Fleet - Atlantic Fleet based in Norfolk, Virginia. Attacked by Soviet submarines.
+Sixth Fleet - HQ in Naples, Italy. Rendered combat ineffective by the Soviet Navy in the Mediterranean.
+Pacific Fleet - Headquarters located in Naval Station Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii. Includes the 7th Fleet. Also has in Yokusaka, Japan and Subic Naval Base, Philippines. Being the largest navy covering the entire Pacific Ocean, it engaged both the Soviet Navy and the People's Liberation Army Navy in World War III.
+In addition, the US has a naval base in Guantanamo Bay in Cuba. Following Cuba's entry to the war, it is an unknown what became of the facility.
+The US Navy has been since World War II the single most powerful naval force in the world, by 1989 out classing the rest of the worlds navies combined. Soviet Naval doctrine as heavy in submarine warfare and anti shipping tactics, relying on one shot vessels which were loaded with as much ordnance as possible and were often given no means of maintaining their ships or reloading their weapons while out at sea. The Soviet Navy was never designed or thought of to last more than the beginning stages of the war.
+The U.S. Navy operates 19 ships that could be called aircraft carriers, but only considers 10 to be actual carriers. Compare to Russia which has only 1 ship classified as a Carrier the Admiral Kuznetsov, and China which at the time had no carriers period.
+United States Marine CorpsEdit
+See also : United States Marine Corps
+The Marines were high speed and low drag than the army but in real life , They were weakened than US Army . During the World War III , Marines send many Choppers to retake the governor island during the first assault of Battle in the New york city but they failed And Marines were sent to Middle eastern Front of WW3 for Taking the involed of Iran-Iraq . Their Vehicles were operated such as AH-1 Super cobra, Humvees, M1A1 Abrams to be a Main Vehicles for the marines in 1980s , Their Quote is "Oorah" Like the US Ranger's Quote is "Hoorah"
+United States Coast GuardEdit
+See also : United States Coast Guard
+U.S Coast Guard had been Founded After the World War I Start or 1915 , Many known About the Coast guard ,The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the U.S. military branches for having a maritime law enforcement and a federal regulatory agency mission as part of its mission set , Coast Guard Vehicle just like the US Navy but it is Type of small sailing ship
+TerritoriesEdit
+Besides the 48 states in the mainland, Hawaii, and Alaska; the United States possesses several territories in the Pacific and the Atlantic. Majority of these were acquired in the beginning of the 20th century while others became administered territories after the Second World War. Being part of the U.S., these territories may face future attacks from Soviet, Chinese, Cuban, and other belligerent nation in the Third World War.
+Atlantic/Central American TerritoriesEdit
+- Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
+- Navassa Island
+- United States Virgin Islands
+- Panama Canal Zone (abolished on October 1, 1979 under the Torrijos–Carter Treaty, under joint US-Panamanian Control)
+- Bajo Nuevo Bank/Petrel Islands (Controlled by Columbia. Disputed by the US, Jamaica, and Nicaragua)
+Pacific TerritoriesEdit
+- American Samoa
+- Guam
+- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United States)
+- Marshall Islands (Independent since October 21, 1986, under Compact of Free Trade Associatioon (COFA))
+- Federated States of Micronesia (Independent since November 3, 1986, under COFA)
+- Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (New constitution effective November 4, 1986 - in political union with the United States)
+- Palau
+- Wake Island
+- Midway Island
+- Johnston Atoll
+- Kwajalein Atoll
+- Palmyra Atoll
+- Kingman Reef: United States
+815 F2d 597 Trujillo v. E Sullivan
+815 F.2d 597
+Jesse Joseph TRUJILLO, Petitioner-Appellant,
+v.
+George E. SULLIVAN, et al., Respondents-Appellees.
+No. 85-2093.
+United States Court of Appeals,
+Tenth Circuit.
+April 1, 1987.
+Peter Schoenburg, Asst. Federal Public Defender, Albuquerque, N.M., for petitioner-appellant.
+Dale S. Morritz, Asst. Atty. Gen. (Paul Bardacke, Atty. Gen. for the State of New Mexico, with her on the brief), Santa Fe, N.M., for respondents-appellees.
+Before McKAY, LOGAN and MOORE, Circuit Judges.
+McKAY, Circuit Judge.
+Jesse Trujillo appeals an order of the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico dismissing his petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Mr. Trujillo was convicted on two counts of first degree murder while imprisoned in the New Mexico State Penitentiary in the deaths of prisoner Bobby "Barbershop" Garcia and prison guard Louis Jewett. Though the State sought the death penalty, the jury could not unanimously agree to impose it. Instead, it sentenced Mr. Trujillo to two life terms and three years, to run consecutively to each other and to his previous life sentence.
+I.
+The incident in question began on the catwalk of cellblock three of the New Mexico State Penitentiary where Officer Jewett heard an altercation erupt among three inmates: Jesse Trujillo, Ricky Garcia, and Bobby "Barbershop" Garcia (Barbershop). As Officer Jewett entered the catwalk, he observed Mr. Trujillo and Ricky Garcia holding shanks (prison knives) and fighting with Barbershop. The struggle moved into the guard station where Officer Jewett attempted to break up the fight and was stabbed, apparently by Ricky Garcia. Barbershop received multiple stab wounds and died shortly thereafter. Officer Jewett died approximately one month later from the injuries he sustained. Mr. Trujillo and Ricky Garcia were tried separately for the murders of Officer Jewett and Barbershop. At his trial, Mr. Trujillo relied on a theory of self-defense. His subsequent conviction was affirmed by the New Mexico Supreme Court. State v. Trujillo, 99 N.M. 251, 657 P.2d 107 (1982).
+On this appeal, Mr. Trujillo raises ten points that he contends warrant issuance of a writ of habeas corpus. These same ten contentions were examined and rejected both by the New Mexico Supreme Court on direct appeal of his conviction and the district court in these habeas proceedings. We agree with these courts and affirm the dismissal of the petition for a writ.
+II.
+Mr. Trujillo contends that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on a lesser offense than first degree murder with respect to the death of Officer Jewett. This court has previously held that "failing to instruct the jury that it might convict the defendant of a lesser offense than first degree murder [is not] reversible on habeas corpus." Poulson v. Turner, 359 F.2d 588, 591 (10th Cir.), cert. denied, 385 U.S. 905, 87 S.Ct. 219, 17 L.Ed.2d 136 (1966). However, our decision in Poulson was made before the Supreme Court's opinion in Beck v. Alabama, 447 U.S. 625, 100 S.Ct. 2382, 65 L.Ed.2d 392 (1980). Beck makes clear that should our rule be read to apply when the death sentence is imposed, it has been overruled.
+In Beck, the Supreme Court held that Alabama's capital punishment statute was unconstitutional, because it prohibited the judge from instructing the jury on lesser included offenses when a defendant was charged with a capital crime. The jury had only two choices under the statute: conviction of the capital offense and imposition of the death penalty or total acquittal. The jury could not consider aggravating and mitigating circumstances or decide whether to forego the death sentence in favor of a life sentence without possibility of parole. Only the trial court considered such an alternative, and only after the jury had returned a guilty verdict with the requisite imposition of the death penalty.
+The Supreme Court held that the death penalty could not be constitutionally imposed after a jury verdict of guilt of a capital offense when the jury was prohibited from considering a verdict of guilt of a lesser included noncapital offense and the evidence would have supported such a verdict. Thus, there is clearly now a constitutional right to a lesser included offense instruction when the death penalty is imposed and the evidence warrants the instruction.
+The Court spoke loosely of capital and noncapital "cases" without giving any consideration to cases in which the death penalty is sought throughout the trial but not ultimately imposed even though a guilty verdict is entered--the very facts of the present case. The Court considered but explicitly declined to decide whether to extend its holding to clearly noncapital cases. Id. at 638 n. 14. 100 S.Ct. at 2390, n. 14. Nonetheless, in the course of its opinion, the Court stated: "While we have never held that a defendant is entitled to a lesser included offense instruction as a matter of due process, the nearly universal acceptance of the rule in both state and federal courts establishes the value to the defendant of this procedural safeguard." Id. at 637, 100 S.Ct. at 2389. The Court thereby left the door open to extend the constitutional right to a lesser offense instruction further to even noncapital offenses. Whether the Court would recognize such a constitutional right turns in part on which constitutional provision it rested the Beck decision. Unfortunately, the Court's opinion is less than clear on this point.
+On the one hand, the Court may have based its decision in a due process concept rooted in the eighth amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. In a case in which the death penalty is imposed, procedural safeguards and a higher degree of procedural exactitude are required that might not be constitutionally required in cases in which the death penalty is not imposed. The Court has repeatedly recognized the qualitative difference between capital and noncapital punishment and has strictly scrutinized the procedures under which the death sentence is imposed. If Beck is simply another in the line of cases since Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 92 S.Ct. 2726, 33 L.Ed.2d 346 (1972), delineating procedural safeguards to ensure that the death penalty is not imposed on the basis of caprice or emotion, then the case says little about the constitutional right to a lesser included offense instruction when the death penalty is not imposed.
+On the other hand, the Court may have grounded its holding on a broader-based due process concept under the fifth and fourteenth amendments. Much of the opinion focuses on the right of an accused to a fair and impartial trial, which requires a factfinding process free of any impermissible extraneous influences on the trier of fact. Alabama's statutory scheme invited considerations other than evidence of guilt of the crime charged to impact on the guilt-determining process. This "all-or-nothing" option created the possibility that, 100 S.Ct. at 2389. Alternatively, under the all-or-nothing scheme a jury might "be more likely to acquit than to convict whenever it has anything approaching reasonable doubt." Id. at 639, 100 S.Ct. at 2390. Either way, considerations other than the evidence presented at trial might affect the guilt determination under the Alabama statute. The increased risk of error in the factfinding process because of a failure to give a "third option" violates fundamental fairness., 100 S.Ct. at 2392.
+The same concern for reliability of the factfinding process when no "third option" is provided also arises in the case in which the death penalty is not imposed. If this aspect of the opinion is paramount, then a constitutional, due process violation would necessarily be found in a habeas proceeding if a trial court erroneously refused to give a lesser offense instruction warranted by the evidence. For a very thoughtful law review note espousing just such a view, see Note, Beck v. Alabama: The Right to a Lesser Included Offense Instruction in Capital Cases, 1981 Wis.L.Rev. 560.
+In the six years since Beck, the Supreme Court has declined to consider whether Beck should be extended to noncapital cases. See, e.g., Holloway v. Florida, 362 So.2d 333 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1978), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 905, 101 S.Ct. 281, 66 L.Ed.2d 137 (1980) (Blackmun, Brennan, and Marshall, JJ., dissenting). Neither has it decided whether there is a constitutional right to a lesser included offense instruction warranted by the evidence in a case such as this, in which the death penalty is sought but ultimately not imposed. Analytically, the capital case in which the death penalty is not ultimately imposed appears to be more like the noncapital case than the death sentence case in which eighth amendment values are clearly implicated; unless the defendant is actually sentenced to death, the eighth amendment is not directly implicated. This case, therefore, belongs with noncapital cases merely because of the fortuity that the death penalty was not in fact imposed.1
+Although we did not have this particular set of facts in mind in Poulson, our rule was broadly stated and appears to automatically foreclose habeas review of the failure to instruct on a lesser offense in all non-death sentence cases. This position is consonant with the widely held view that failure of a state court to instruct on a lesser offense fails to present a federal constitutional question and so does not merit federal habeas corpus review. In addition to this circuit, the Fifth, Eighth and Ninth Circuits all explicitly adopt this position. See, e.g., Easter v. Estelle, 609 F.2d 756, 758 (5th Cir.1980); James v. Reese, 546 F.2d 325, 327 (9th Cir.1976); DeBerry v. Wolff, 513 F.2d 1336, 1339 (8th Cir.1975). But see Ferrazza v. Mintzes, 735 F.2d 967, 968 (6th Cir.1984) (the Beck principle that due process requires the court to give a lesser included offense instruction when warranted by the evidence is not limited to capital cases).
+The theory underlying this automatic bar to habeas review has not been well articulated. In Hill v. United States, 368 U.S. 424, 82 S.Ct. 468, 7 L.Ed.2d 417 (1962), the Supreme Court examined the character or magnitude of an error in considering whether it is cognizable under a writ of habeas corpus. The Court there held that an error not amounting to "a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice, nor an omission inconsistent with the rudimentary demands of fair procedure" could not be considered in a habeas proceeding. Id. at 428, 82 S.Ct. at 471. Hill appears to say that a "due process like" analysis of the facts of a case is required to determine whether a claimed error can be addressed under a writ. However, the majority of post-Hill circuit cases, including our own Tenth Circuit Poulson precedent, seems to have implicitly applied Hill and concluded that the failure to instruct on a lesser included offense when the evidence warrants such an instruction never constitutes a "fundamental defect" of the type described in Hill.
+Because the Supreme Court in Beck expressly declined to decide whether there is a due process right to a lesser included offense instruction in noncapital cases, Hill could not have stood for the proposition that a failure to instruct never violates due process and thus is never cognizable in a habeas proceeding. The Beck Court would not have left the question open if it had believed it was foreclosed by a generic application of Hill. Therefore, Hill seems to require a due-process look at the facts of each case so as to determine whether the failure to instruct is sufficiently egregious to warrant habeas relief. Beck only leaves open the question whether habeas relief should be automatically accorded when a trial court fails to instruct on a lesser included offense warranted by the evidence because a due process right to such an instruction exists.
+Neither the Sixth nor the Seventh Circuit has adopted an automatic nonreviewability rule. The Sixth Circuit has summarily held in a habeas case that the Beck principle--that due process requires a lesser included offense instruction be given if warranted by the evidence--is not limited to capital cases. Ferrazza 735 F.2d at 967. However, the court failed to articulate the analysis underlying its substantive decision to extend the constitutional reach of Beck, a decision which makes such claims cognizable on habeas review.
+In United States ex rel. Peery v. Sielaff, 615 F.2d 402 (7th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 940, 100 S.Ct. 2163, 64 L.Ed.2d 794 (1980), the Seventh Circuit first appeared to adopt the general rule of automatic nonreviewability in a habeas proceeding, quoting the Ninth Circuit case of James v. Reese for that very proposition. Nevertheless, the court then proceeded to review the specific facts of the case in order to determine whether there was a complete miscarriage of justice under Hill. After examining the record, the court held that denial of a voluntary manslaughter instruction did not violate due process in that case, because "the evidence of serious provocation was not so unequivocally strong that failure to give the instruction could be said to have amounted to a fundamental miscarriage of justice." Peery, 615 F.2d at 404. Thus, the Seventh Circuit, while at first appearing to recognize the general rule of automatic nonreviewability in a habeas proceeding, will examine the specific facts of a case under the very Hill test that seems to have prompted the Fifth, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth Circuit rule of automatic nonreviewability in all cases of failing to instruct on lesser offenses.
+In light of Beck 's analysis, the Seventh Circuit's approach of applying Hill to each case appears to comport more easily with Beck and Hill, when read together, than does the automatic nonreviewability rule of this and other circuits. Unlike the automatic nonreviewability rule, the Seventh Circuit approach contemplates that there may be times when the evidence so overwhelmingly supports a lesser included offense instruction that refusing to instruct on the lesser offense constitutionally taints, under Hill, the process by which the defendant is found guilty of the greater offense, whether or not Beck is extended to recognize an automatic right to a warranted lesser offense instruction.
+The Seventh Circuit has considered the impact of Beck on its reviewability rule in habeas proceedings. In Nichols v. Gagnon, 710 F.2d 1267 (7th Cir.1983), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 940, 104 S.Ct. 1918, 80 L.Ed.2d 465 (1984), Judge Posner, writing for the panel, examined whether Peery survived Beck or whether Beck should be extended to noncapital cases, so that failure to instruct on a lesser offense when the evidence warrants the instruction always requires habeas relief because defendant's constitutional right to the instruction was violated. The court affirmed its Peery position, declining to so extend Beck.
+Fairly read, the defendant's brief in this case asks us to consider, as did the Seventh Circuit, whether Beck should be extended to cases in which the death penalty is not imposed. Were we to hold that the defendant's constitutional rights were violated by the trial court's refusal to instruct on the lesser included offense, even though the death penalty was not imposed, we would be concluding that the constitutional foundation for Beck rests in the due process clause rather than the eighth amendment. Because of our prior precedent in Poulson, we cannot so hold without en banc consideration of the issue. However, this issue was not specifically argued and no reading of the record remotely suggests2 that Hill was violated. Thus, even were we to employ the Seventh Circuit approach rather than merely invoke our automatic nonreviewability rule, this panel does not find it necessary to request en banc consideration of Poulson 's broad holding.
+III.
+Mr. Trujillo's chief contention on appeal is that the means used by the trial judge to voir dire the jury panel denied the defendant his right to due process and a representative, fair, and impartial jury under the sixth and fourteenth amendments. Specifically, Mr. Trujillo raises four points in this regard.
+His first contention, that the court cannot constitutionally exclude from the guilt phase of a capital trial those venirepersons who would refuse to consider imposing the death penalty, has been foreclosed by Lockhart v. McCree, --- U.S. ----, 106 S.Ct. 1758, 90 L.Ed.2d 137 (1986), rev'g Grigsby v. Mabry, 758 F.2d 226 (8th Cir.1985) (en banc).
+Second, Mr. Trujillo maintains that the trial court's failure to conduct the "death-qualification" process in an individual and sequestered setting violated his rights to due process and to an impartial jury. Mr. Trujillo had timely moved for individual voir dire, and that motion was denied. Order, record, supp. vol. 2, at 286. Although Lockhart approved the use of death-qualified juries in the innocence-guilt portion of a capital trial, it did not scrutinize the manner in which such qualification can constitutionally occur. Thus, we must examine whether the death qualification process itself implemented by the trial court in this case denied Mr. Trujillo his right to a fair and impartial jury.
+The State asserts that we need not further examine the death qualification process, because Mr. Trujillo was not sentenced to death, citing several cases: Bumper v. North Carolina, 391 U.S. 543, 88 S.Ct. 1788, 20 L.Ed.2d 797 (1968); Brinlee v. Crisp, 608 F.2d 839 (10th Cir.1979), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 1047, 100 S.Ct. 737, 62 L.Ed.2d 733 (1980); Redford v. Smith, 543 F.2d 726 (10th Cir.1976); Sinclair v. Turner, 447 F.2d 1158 (10th Cir.1971), cert. denied, 405 U.S. 1048, 92 S.Ct. 1329, 31 L.Ed.2d 590 (1972). However, at best those cases hold only that one who does not receive the sentence of death cannot seek habeas corpus relief based upon the exclusion of those potential jurors unwilling to impose the death penalty.
+Under this point of appeal, Mr. Trujillo does not challenge the exclusion of jurors; rather, he is concerned with the effect that the death qualification process had on the remaining jurors who ultimately found him guilty. He argues, in essence, that the very procedure of immediately quizzing potential jurors on their views regarding the death penalty sends an implicit message that the defendant must, in fact, be guilty, else "the judge and the lawyers would not go through all the trouble of discussing what the punishment might be." Appellant's Brief in Chief at 23. Mr. Trujillo argues, whether the death penalty is imposed or not, that the "process itself encourages a juror to presume the defendant's guilt." Id. at 24.3
+This contention is quite different from the one forwarded in the cases cited above, and those cases do not foreclose our consideration in this habeas proceeding of the constitutionality of the manner in which death qualification occurred. Moreover, the Supreme Court in Lockhart did not consider itself precluded from examining whether the exclusion from the guilt-innocence phase of those potential jurors irrevocably opposed to the death penalty was constitutional, even though the defendant in that case received only a life sentence and even though the proceeding was one for habeas corpus relief.
+In this case, the voir dire with respect to death qualification was conducted exclusively by the trial court in panels of five potential jurors. Each panel was first asked the same two questions:
+1. Are there any of you who have moral or ethical or conscientious or religious scruples against the imposition of the death penalty?
+....
+2. ... Without determining upon what basis of [sic] for what reason, are there any of you who are against the imposition of the death penalty?
+State Court Transcript, record, vol. 1, at 99. Anyone who answered either of these affirmatively were then asked individually, but in the presence of the other four panel members, four additional questions:
+3. Do you feel that your attitude against the death penalty would have a tendency to influence you against a finding of murder in the first degree, even though you were convinced under the evidence and the instructions that the defendant was guilty of murder in the first degree beyond a reasonable doubt?
+....
+4. Do you believe that your feelings and attitude against the imposition of the death penalty would cause you to vote against a finding of first degree murder, even though you were convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the crime committed was murder in the first degree?
+....
+5. If you find the defendant guilty of murder in the first degree would you, regardless of the facts and circumstances which may be presented by the evidence during the trial and the sentencing proceeding, automatically refuse to vote for the sentence of death?
+....
+6. Are you irrevocably committed at this time to vote against the death penalty regardless of the facts and circumstances that might emerge in the course of the proceedings?
+Id., vol. 1, at 100-01.
+Only those answering the sixth question affirmatively were excused for cause. State Court Transcript, record, vol. 1, at 99-101, 116-18, 147-48, 155-57, 161-63, 174-77, 182-84, 188-89. Those answering any of questions one through five affirmatively, but yet who were not "irrevocably committed" to vote against the death penalty regardless of the attendant facts and circumstances, were retained on the panel.4
+Mr. Trujillo, in effect, maintains that individual and sequestered voir dire regarding death qualification is constitutionally required and that the death qualification by five-member panels in this case demands that we grant habeas corpus relief.
+One other circuit has specifically examined whether individual voir dire regarding death qualification is constitutionally required. In McCorquodale v. Balkcom, 721 F.2d 1493, 1495-96 (11th Cir.1983), the entire jury pool of sixty potential jurors was voir dired at once regarding death qualification. The Eleventh Circuit held that group questioning did not constitute a per se violation of Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 88 S.Ct. 1770, 20 L.Ed.2d 776 (1968). On the other hand, after examining a study detailing the detrimental effect that the death-qualification process may have on a juror's tendency to find guilt, the California Supreme Court ordered that death-qualifying voir dire must be individual and sequestered..
+Hovey, 616 P.2d at 1353, 168 Cal.Rptr. at 180. The Court, however, prescribed the rule "pursuant to its supervisory authority over California criminal procedure." Id. at 1354, 168 Cal.Rptr. at 181. It did not rely on either the California or United States Constitution. We agree that individual and sequestered death-qualifying voir dire is not constitutionally dictated.
+While the trial court has broad discretion in conducting voir dire, we do not blithely affirm the death-qualification process used by the trial court here. This broad discretion is "limited by the requirements of due process." United States v. Hawkins, 658 F.2d 279, 283 (5th Cir.1981). Although every criminal trial must conform to constitutional standards, our scrutiny in capital trials must be particularly sensitive. Capital trials are unique and ponderous occurrences, distinct from any other exercise of state power. When the machinery of the state seeks to extinguish a life, we must especially ensure that the process employed to accomplish that end complies with the defendant's right to a fair trial by an impartial jury.
+An exercise of discretion to deny sequestered voir dire in a civil trial or noncapital criminal trial may comport quite easily with due process under the specific circumstances, whereas that same exercise of discretion may offend notions of fairness in the context of a capital trial. There may be a case where en masse death-qualifying voir dire may be so egregious and may so taint the jury that the process denies the defendant his constitutional right to an impartial jury. We simply conclude, after a careful review of the record, that the death-qualifying voir dire in panels of five complied with the dictates of due process.
+Mr. Trujillo's third challenge to the voir dire in this case is that the exclusively court-conducted, death-qualifying voir dire violated his rights to due process and to a fair and impartial jury. Although the court allowed counsel to participate in the general voir dire, the court elected to exclusively conduct the death-qualification portion itself, as previously described. It also declined to give a proposed instruction submitted by Mr. Trujillo regarding a prospective juror's duty "to consider" imposing the death penalty--the court believing, and we agree, that the instruction was inherent in the questions asked. State transcript, record, vol. 1, at 47-48. Moreover, the court refused to allow counsel to attempt to "rehabilitate" those who professed to be "irrevocably committed" against the death penalty. Id. at 102-06.
+We find no constitutional violation in the trial court's choice to exclusively conduct the death-qualifying portion of the voir dire. See United States v. Ainesworth, 716 F.2d 769, 770 (10th Cir.1983). We are satisfied that the means employed by the trial court to test the impartiality of the potential jurors created a reasonable assurance that prejudice would have been discovered if present. United States v. Saimiento-Rozo, 676 F.2d 146, 148 (5th Cir.1982).5
+The six precise questions asked by the trial court of small groups of five struck an adroit and delicate balance between the two antagonistic concerns at stake. The questions were sufficient to identify those who, under the dictates of Witherspoon and Witt, should be excused for cause because unable to abide by his or her oath as a juror and apply the law of the state. Yet, at the same time, the circumscribed voir dire minimized the potential pernicious effects identified by Dr. Haney. See supra note 5. Mr. Trujillo is entitled to no more. After all, "the purpose of the voir dire is to ascertain disqualifications, not to afford individual analysis in depth to permit a party to choose a jury that fits into some mold that he believes appropriate for his case." United States v. Barnes, 604 F.2d 121, 138 (2d Cir.1979) (quoting Schlinsky v. United States, 379 F.2d 735, 738 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 920, 88 S.Ct. 236, 19 L.Ed.2d 265 (1967)), cert. denied, 446 U.S. 907, 100 S.Ct. 1833, 64 L.Ed.2d 260 (1980).
+Finally, Mr. Trujillo challenges the trial court's refusal to allow any inquiries of the jury panel by defense counsel concerning the New Mexico Penitentiary Riot of 1980. The court originally ruled that it would prohibit any voir dire regarding the 1980 riot, although it did agree to advise the jurors that this was not a riot-related case. State transcript, record, vol. 1, at 245. However, in light of an article about the riots and trials emanating from it that was published in the New Mexican after the voir dire regarding pre-trial publicity was completed, the court agreed to conduct additional voir dire itself. Id. at 247. During this additional questioning, the court went beyond the article and did, in fact, question the prospective jurors specifically about the riot:
+The Court: ... More specifically, how many of you have read, seen or heard through the media accounts of the riot at the New Mexico State Penitentiary that occurred on February 2nd or 3rd of 1980, last year? [After several affirmative responses, the Court continued]: Did anything any of you read about the events at the penitentiary on those dates and will it impair your ability to sit as fair and impartial jurors in this trial; if so, please raise your hands?
+(No response.)
+The events alleged in the indictment in this case are dated February 26th, 1981, this year, more than a year after the riot. If selected as jurors can you put out of your mind anything that you may have seen, read or heard about the conditions and events in the penitentiary, including February 2nd and 3rd of 1980, and decide this case solely and entirely upon the evidence presented in open court, applying to that the Court's instructions as to the law applicable to that evidence; can each of you do that, and will you do that?
+(All indicate affirmatively.)
+Id., vol. 1, at 273-74.
+The inquiry made by the court was adequate to reveal either any possible prejudice from a mistaken assumption that this case was related to the 1980 riot or any inability to act impartially notwithstanding knowledge of the penitentiary riot events. In fact, any further probing "might actually have been prejudicial to [the defendant,]" United States v. Robinson, 546 F.2d 309, 312 (9th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 918, 97 S.Ct. 1333, 51 L.Ed.2d 597 (1977), by stressing an event with minimal, if any, relevance to the case at hand.
+IV.
+Mr. Trujillo's third contention in this appeal is that the trial court's refusal to question, or to allow counsel to question, an excused juror violated his right to an impartial jury. One of the potential jurors in this case had served on the grand jury that indicted Mr. Trujillo and was therefore excused for cause. However, prior to her excusal, she had been sequestered in the courthouse along with the rest of the jury panel over several days. Although the judge admonished the potential jurors not to discuss the case among themselves, Mr. Trujillo claims to have "good reason to believe that she discussed the case with other venirepersons." Appellant's Brief in Chief at 29. He does not elaborate further on the foundation for this belief.
+Defense counsel do not object to her excusal, but they do object to being deprived of the opportunity prior to her excusal to interrogate her as to whether she discussed the grand jury proceedings with other panel members. In denying counsel's motion to question the excused juror, the court stated that they could question the remaining jurors during the general voir dire regarding any conversations that may have transpired with the excused juror. State transcript, record, vol. 1, at 207. Defense counsel chose not to so question the remaining panel members.
+We hold that the trial court's denial of counsel's motion to question the excused juror did not violate defendant's constitutional rights. Mr. Trujillo is entitled to have the opportunity to uncover any possible prejudice that would blemish a potential juror's impartiality. However, he is not entitled as a matter of constitutional law to choose the particular, possibly most efficient, means of uncovering any such prejudice. Counsel had the opportunity to question the remaining panel members and failed to do so. The argument that such a plenary voir dire would unnecessarily stress the importance of the grand jury finding of probable cause is frivolous. Counsel could have easily questioned the remaining panel members as to any conversations had with the excused juror without discussing details regarding the grand jury findings.
+V.
+Mr. Trujillo's fourth point on appeal deals with the voir dire and excusal of a potential juror whose brother was charged with forgery and fraud. Although the potential juror stated that she could be a fair and impartial juror, id., vol. 1, at 349-59, the State requested further, sequestered questioning regarding her ability to remain impartial. Specifically, the State was concerned that the juror might feel compelled to vote not guilty in spite of the evidence because of fear of retaliation against her brother should he be sent to the penitentiary.
+The court conducted further voir dire outside the presence of the other jurors. Because Mr. Trujillo characterizes this questioning as "intimidation," we set out pertinent portions in the margin.6
+A finding of juror partiality is one of fact entitled to a presumption of correctness under 28 U.S.C. Sec. 2254(d) (1982). Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 426, 105 S.Ct. 844, 853, 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985); Patton v. Yount, 467 U.S. 1025, 1036-38, 104 S.Ct. 2885, 2891-92, 81 L.Ed.2d 847 (1984). We agree with the district court that the trial court acted within the legitimate bounds of discretion in questioning the juror and that the decision to excuse her for cause had fair support in the record.
+Mr. Trujillo states that he "does not necessarily challenge the court's ultimate decision that [the potential juror] was partial at the conclusion of her interrogation but rather [he] contests the provision of questionable 'information' which rendered her excusable." Appellant's Brief in Chief at 31. In other words, we are confronted with the unusual contention that the court's voir dire was too searching--that as soon as the juror stated she would be impartial, any further questioning resulting in her disqualification constitutes a violation of Mr. Trujillo's right to an impartial jury. (The much more common contention we usually face is that a voir dire was unconstitutionally constricted.) We do not think the record supports this contention.
+"In its entirety, the examination must reveal inquiry adequate 'to call to the attention of the veniremen those important matters that might lead them to recognize or to display their disqualifying attributes.' " Fietzer v. Ford Motor Co., 622 F.2d 281, 285 (7th Cir.1980) (quoting United States v. Lewin, 467 F.2d 1132, 1138 (7th Cir.1972)) (emphasis added). One essential purpose of voir dire is to "effectively alert the potential jurors to examine [any] possible prejudice...." Beard v. Mitchell, 604 F.2d 485, 501 (7th Cir.1979). The trial court did not impinge on defendant's constitutional rights in probing further the consequences that the potential juror's brother might face and her consequent ability to remain impartial.
+Mr. Trujillo analogizes the court's questioning in this case to the impermissible duress imposed by the court in Webb v. Texas, 409 U.S. 95, 93 S.Ct. 351, 34 L.Ed.2d 330 (1972) (per curiam). The analogy is imperfect. In Webb, a defendant's sole prospective witness exercised his fifth amendment rights and refused to testify only after the trial court threatened and harassed the witness, essentially coercing him into not testifying.7 The Supreme Court found that the trial court precluded the witness from "making a free and voluntary choice whether or not to testify." Id. at 98, 93 S.Ct. at 353. Unlike the decision to testify, however, the decision whether someone will serve as a juror is not made by the potential juror. In this case, the court merely ensured that the panelist had sufficient information on which to render an opinion as to her ability to remain impartial.
+VI.
+Mr. Trujillo's next contention is that his right to a representative, fair, and impartial jury was violated by the court's denial of his request to quash the jury panel or, alternatively, to continue the trial to afford him the opportunity to gather statistical evidence demonstrating a failure to meet the "fair-cross-section requirement." He maintains that an excessive number of persons involved in, or related to persons involved in, law enforcement were included on the jury panel from which the jurors were selected. He claims that a statistical analysis would show the over-inclusion of persons with some connection to law enforcement and that the court violated his constitutional rights in denying him a continuance to compile such evidence. However, such a showing would not in itself be sufficient to establish a prima facie violation of the fair-cross-section requirement.
+In addition to showing that a distinctive group's representation in a jury panel is not fair and reasonable in relation to the number of such persons in the community, as a statistical analysis may have demonstrated in this case, Mr. Trujillo must also have established that the under- or over-representation resulted from systematic exclusion or inclusion of the group in the jury-selection process itself. Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S. 357, 364-67, 99 S.Ct. 664, 668-70, 58 L.Ed.2d 579 (1979). The trial court correctly recognized Mr. Trujillo's burden of establishing some corruption in the process itself, state transcript, record, vol. 1, at 55, such as the statutory exemption criteria in Duren which systematically excluded women from jury venires. Duren, 439 U.S. at 367, 99 S.Ct. at 670.
+The trial court allowed defense counsel to take testimony from the Clerk and Deputy Clerk of the Court--those persons in the best position to testify with respect to any systematic inclusion of law enforcement-related persons in the jury selection process. Yet, defense counsel failed to ask a single question relating to the jury-selection process. State transcript, record, vol. 1, at 75-81. Because appellant did not seize his opportunity to make a showing of this necessary element of his claim, the court did not offend constitutional principles in denying the motions to quash or for a continuance.
+VII.
+Mr. Trujillo's sixth argument in this petition, comprised of two points, is that his rights to present a defense and to due process were violated by the State's refusal to provide him with certain requested material. Mr. Trujillo first challenges the court's refusal to order the State to provide discovery relating to possible riot-related charges against Mr. Trujillo himself, the State's inmate witnesses, and potential defense inmate witnesses.
+Defense counsel claim that, to effectively represent Mr. Trujillo, they needed to know whether he faced any riot-related charges in order to determine both whether a fifth amendment privilege was available and whether Mr. Trujillo should testify. He did not testify in his defense. They also claim that notice of possible pending charges against State witnesses were critical in order for Mr. Trujillo to effectively exercise his sixth amendment right to confront and cross-examine the witnesses against him. Finally, they contend that their decision whether to call various defense witnesses rested in part on their criminal records as well as their participation in riot-related events and that denial of this disclosure abridged Mr. Trujillo's right to present a defense under the sixth and fourteenth amendments.
+The information requested here relates not to charged crimes but more generally to what the possible outcome of ongoing investigations may be. The limited usefulness of such information, particularly in light of its speculative nature, does not outweigh the state's legitimate interest in protecting against the premature release of material relating to ongoing, sensitive investigations of unrelated crimes. The 1980 riot is only tangentially related, if at all, to the present case. The requested material could not be exculpatory. Impeachment of either Mr. Trujillo or state or defense inmate witnesses with any material obtained from the riot prosecution office would be indirect at best. Material relating to the riot would not directly undermine the witness' testimony, as would a prior inconsistent statement regarding the events immediately surrounding the stabbing of Barbershop. Instead, it could only be used to attack generally the witness' credibility. Their prior criminal records and current status as inmates already provide material for such general impeachment.
+Moreover, the witnesses, as well as Mr. Trujillo himself, are still inmates at the New Mexico Penitentiary. We could not ignore the possibility of reprisals upon their return to the prison population if the requested material did, indeed, publicly and prematurely reveal their participation in the 1980 riot. This risk also outweighs any limited usefulness which the information may have for the defense in this case.
+More difficult is Mr. Trujillo's second contention under this point of appeal. On July 7, 1981, Mr. Trujillo demanded production of "[a]ll materials, information, transcripts, investigative reports, tape recordings, and records relating to possible criminal charges and for cases pending against [Barbershop] at the time of his death...." Record, supp. vol. 2, at 259. On July 20, 1981, he further demanded "production of all records, files, and materials in possession of the District Attorney's Office, Riot Prosecution Division, which materials pertain to possible pending charges against the following...." Id. at 313. Among the eleven names listed was the victim, Barbershop. The motion further stated with specific reference to Barbershop that "[u]pon information and belief, these materials will be exculpatory in nature...." Id., supp. vol. 2, at 314. On July 24, 1981, the court ordered the State to "turn over all exculpatory information to the defense relating to the alleged victim in this cause, [Barbershop]." The court further ordered "that the State provide the Court with any materials relevant to this case where it has a question concerning its exculpatory nature, within three days from July 27, 1981, for an in camera inspection." Order, id. at 367. On July 27, 1981, the defense formally notified the State that it might rely on a theory of self-defense at trial. Id. at 336.
+The defense never received before trial any information gathered in the ongoing investigation of the New Mexico Penitentiary Riot in 1980 regarding Barbershop's alleged participation in that riot. A motion for a new trial was filed when such information was learned from counsel defending riot-related cases.8 At a hearing on the new trial motion, the court received exhibits reciting eyewitness accounts of Barbershop's alleged participation in several riot-related murders. The State conceded at that time that all of the defense exhibits were in the State's possession prior to the trial. Nonetheless, the court ruled that the nondisclosure did not prejudice Mr. Trujillo, because he was able to present substantial evidence of the victim's reputation for violence at his trial.
+In Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 1197, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963), the Supreme Court held that suppression of material9 evidence justifies a new trial "irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution." The Court has held, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 3384, 87 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985).
+In making this inquiry, we must avoid concentrating on the suppressed evidence in isolation. Rather, we must place it in the context of the entire record. Evidence.
+The undisclosed evidence in this case goes toward establishing Barbershop's propensity for violence, supporting Mr. Trujillo's claim of self-defense. Appreciable evidence was admitted at trial substantiating Barbershop's violent tendencies; nonetheless, the jury rejected defendant's claim of self-defense. Thus, we must review both what was admitted and what was not disclosed with respect to Barbershop's propensity for violence. The final inquiry, in essence, is whether the additional evidence of Barbershop's violent character might have materially affected the verdict.
+The undisclosed evidence consisted of statements of several prisoners taken by various officers. Nearly all of the statements concerned events allegedly occurring during the two-day prison riot in 1980 and all implicated Barbershop in violent crimes.10 Barbershop apparently had not been charged with any of the crimes that the statements describe at the time of his murder.
+The evidence admitted at trial with respect to Barbershop's violent character included: (1) his prior convictions for armed robbery and conspiracy to commit aggravated battery, state transcript, record at 1060-61, 1063-64; (2) testimony that Barbershop had bragged of both "planting" unspecified individuals during the riot and participating in the murder of Cruz Hill, id. at 1040-42; and (3) various prison misconduct reports filed against Barbershop, including fighting and possession of weapons, id. at 1062, 1064-65. One inmate, testifying that Barbershop had a reputation for being "extremely violent," stated:
+"Barbershop" would brag about the incidents that he had been involved with.... And he constantly reminded everybody that he was one of the people who killed [Cruz Hill].
+After the riot, on several occasions, he bragged about different people that he had supposedly planted.
+On one occasion in Cellblock 2 he slapped around a young inmate and sexually assaulted him, and asked me if I wanted to participate, which I answered, "No."
+Those are just a few of the incidents that I know of.
+Id. at 1042-43. The inmate also testified that he had observed that Barbershop was armed on at least seven occasions. Id. at 1044.
+While the undisclosed statements significantly bolster the admitted evidence regarding Barbershop's violent tendencies, in reviewing the record as a whole we cannot say that the result of the proceeding would have been different had the material been disclosed. The undisclosed evidence presented no new issue critical to Mr. Trujillo's guilt or innocence; the evidence was simply cumulative. The accounts sought to be introduced would have merely parroted the victim's own admissions, already in evidence, about murdering several people during the riot, as well as Cruz Hill. The victim's own boasts concerning these murders not only serve to demonstrate his propensity for violence, they are much more cogent evidence of his violent tendencies than third-party accounts of the same events.
+Nor did the evidence directly relate to the events surrounding the murder, such as an undisclosed eyewitness that could corroborate Mr. Trujillo's claim of self-defense. It was merely character evidence which the defense hoped would circumstantially prove that the victim was the initial aggressor or that Mr. Trujillo reasonably feared for his life because of his knowledge of Barbershop's past deeds.
+Moreover, the jury may well have discounted the testimony of other inmates regarding occurrences unverified by formal charges and allegedly occurring for the most part during the very unusual circumstances of the 1980 prison riot. In light of the other evidence of guilt, including Mr. Garcia's statement that he and Mr. Trujillo planned Barbershop's murder, see infra, we cannot say that the jury would have likely accepted Mr. Trujillo's claim of self-defense had this additional, cumulative character evidence been disclosed and admitted. We are satisfied that the trial court committed no constitutional error in declining to order a new trial on the basis of this newly discovered evidence.
+VIII.
+Mr. Trujillo next contends that the trial court improperly admitted out-of-court statements made by his co-defendant, Ricky Garcia, shortly before the incident. Mr. Garcia's statements to another inmate were to the effect that he and Mr. Trujillo planned to kill the victim. The court admitted the evidence under the authority of Rule 801(d)(2)(E) of the New Mexico Rules of Evidence, the co-conspirator exception, under which a statement is admissible if made "during the course and in furtherance of the conspiracy." Mr. Trujillo argues primarily that there was no evidence, independent of the challenged statements themselves, supporting the inference that a conspiracy existed prior to the altercation. Therefore, he concludes, the statements were inadmissible. See State v. Farris, 81 N.M. 589, 470 P.2d 561 (Ct.App.1970) (exception does not apply to statements made prior to conspiracy).
+Under New Mexico law, "there must be prima facie proof of the conspiracy independent of testimony admissible under the coconspirator rule." State v. Jacobs, 91 N.M. 445, 575 P.2d 954, 957 (Ct.App.1978); see also State v. Sheets, 96 N.M. 75, 628 P.2d 320, 322 (Ct.App.1981). Nevertheless, the trial court has wide discretion regarding the order of proof, and the co-conspirator statement may be admitted prior to the submission of prima facie proof of conspiracy. State v. Armijo, 90 N.M. 12, 558 P.2d 1151, 1153-54 (Ct.App.1976).
+After reviewing the record, we are satisfied that sufficient independent evidence establishing the existence of a conspiracy at the time the statements were made was admitted prior to and subsequent to the admission of the co-conspirator statement to uphold the trial court's evidentiary ruling in this case. The dying declarations of Officer Jewett, as well as the testimony of three other guards, described a concert of action by the two defendants throughout the incident. An inmate witness to the struggle testified that the shanks used by each of the defendants in the killings were apparently exchanged during the scuffle. Moreover, he testified that both defendants, at the conclusion of the stabbing incident, ran together through the back of the cellblock tier and apparently disposed of the shanks.
+In determining whether a conspiracy exists at the time of a challenged statement, the trial court may consider the inferences reasonably drawn from the evidence submitted. The apparently planned cooperation between the defendants, which is sufficient circumstantial evidence to support the mutually implied understanding necessary to establish a conspiracy, is an adequate foundation for the inference that the conspiracy existed at least shortly before the fight, when the challenged statement was made. Cf. State v. Thoreen, 91 N.M. 624, 578 P.2d 325, 329 (Ct.App.1978) (mutually implied understanding necessary to establish common design or agreement may be proved by circumstantial evidence). Therefore, we hold that there was a sufficient evidentiary basis supporting the admission of Ricky Garcia's statement.
+IX.
+Prior to indictment in the present case, Mr. Trujillo was charged with escape and conspiracy to escape. In connection with the escape trial, the court ordered a psychiatric examination of Mr. Trujillo. Over the objection of his counsel in the present cause, Mr. Trujillo's counsel in the escape case made a strategic decision regarding Mr. Trujillo's defense in that case and released the psychiatric report to the State. The report contained highly incriminating references to the present case. Counsel in the case at bar moved to suppress the report in this case. At a hearing on the motion, the state court ruled that the prior counsel had performed reasonably in his conduct of the escape defense but that the psychiatric report and its underlying data could only be used by the State in this case if Mr. Trujillo raised an insanity defense.
+Mr. Trujillo asserts that his counsel in the escape case acted incompetently in turning over the report to the State and that such action had unconstitutional "carry-over" effects in this case. Specifically, he claims that his fifth amendment right against self-incrimination as well as his sixth and fourteenth amendment rights to present a defense and to effective assistance of counsel were abridged in that he was effectively denied an opportunity to present an insanity defense.
+The State did not use the contents of the report, and thus Mr. Trujillo's right against self-incrimination was not violated. We agree with the state court that the earlier counsel performed reasonably under prevailing professional norms. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 2064, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Moreover, we find no "carry-over" effects from counsel's strategic decision in the unrelated proceeding that operated to violate Mr. Trujillo's right to present a defense in the present action. The court did not prohibit him from asserting an insanity defense if he so chose. Admittedly, the presence of the unfavorable psychiatric report in the State's possession made the prospect less attractive. The trial court did not violate any of defendant's constitutional rights, however, in ruling that the State could use such evidence, properly in its possession, in responding to an insanity defense.
+X.
+In addition to seeking conviction of Mr. Trujillo as a principal, the State also prosecuted him under accessorial liability and felony-murder theories. Because no particularized "intent to kill" is necessary for conviction under the latter two theories, Mr. Trujillo argues that the State violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights by seeking the death penalty at trial, even though he was not, in fact, sentenced to death. Mr. Trujillo cites no authority to support his position that it is unconstitutional to even seek the death penalty where such is disproportionate to the crime charged, nor do we find any support for it. The contention lacks merit.
+XI.
+Finally, Mr. Trujillo contends that he was denied his confrontation and due process rights by the court's refusal to (1) require a state witness to answer certain defense questions, (2) continue the trial until he could feasibly answer such questions, and (3) order disclosure to the defense of the contents of a certain taped conversation.
+State Police Officer Ross, a state witness, refused to answer certain defense deposition questions concerning his investigation of events at the penitentiary. He stated that disclosure could endanger lives and that the subject was a matter of ongoing investigations. Specifically, he refused to identify an inmate who had contacted him regarding Mr. Trujillo's case and refused to comment on the membership of an alleged prison group, "Los Carnales," as described by an inmate state witness, Daniel Macias. The court then conducted an in camera hearing solely with Officer Ross. After the hearing, the court ruled that Officer Ross need not answer the defense questions because (1) the identity of the informant was not relevant to the case, and (2) as to the membership of Los Carnales, Mr. Trujillo not only had superior information, but also the danger of disclosure outweighed any probative value of the testimony. He further ruled that the State need not disclose the contents of a taped recording of a conversation between Officer Ross and Mr. Macias relating to Los Carnales.
+Mr. Trujillo contests the trial court's refusal to conduct an adversarial hearing, as opposed to the private, in camera hearing by the court, with respect to Officer Ross' testimony, citing Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176 (1969), and Taglianetti v. United States, 394 U.S. 316, 89 S.Ct. 1099, 22 L.Ed.2d 302 (1969). In Alderman, the petitioner learned after his conviction for conspiring to transmit murderous threats in interstate commerce that his place of business had been subject to illegal electronic surveillance by the Government. The surveillance tapes, therefore, needed to be examined in order to determine whether any tainted evidence was used to convict the petitioner.
+The Government argued that the records should first be submitted to the trial court for in camera inspection, and only those found arguably relevant would be turned over to the petitioner for examination. The Supreme Court rejected this procedure, finding that "the task is too complex, and the margin for error too great, to rely wholly on the in camera judgment of the trial court to identify those records which might have contributed to the Government's case." Alderman, 394 U.S. at 182, 89 S.Ct. at 971.
+We could superficially distinguish Alderman by simply noting that it narrowly dealt with a conviction possibly tainted by evidence unconstitutionally obtained through violating petitioner's fourth amendment rights. In the instant case, Officer Ross' testimony could not even arguably supply grounds for asserting that the evidence used to convict Mr. Trujillo was unconstitutionally procured. More to the point, however, the Alderman Court appreciated that reviewing months of surveillance tapes, any part of which could have supplied the link to any part of the evidence used to convict the petitioner, was a massive undertaking. The trial court in that case was simply not in a position to be able to determine whether any, some, or all of the evidence used at trial could possibly have been acquired through links supplied by the unlawful surveillance. The entire trial could have been infected. The in camera procedure in such a case is inadequate.
+In the present case, the trial court was surely capable of evaluating Officer Ross' testimony regarding the two defense questions at issue while ensuring that Mr. Trujillo's constitutional rights were protected. Each case must be decided on its own facts. Just as in Taglianetti, "[u]nder the circumstances presented here, we cannot hold that 'the task is too complex, and the margin for error too great, to rely wholly on the in camera judgment of the trial court.' " Taglianetti, 394 U.S. at 317-18, 89 S.Ct. at 1100-01 (quoting Alderman ).
+We also reject Mr. Trujillo's contention that his rights were violated by the trial court's failure to continue the trial until such time as the contested questions could be answered. It is not clear when, or if, that time would arrive. In light of the trial court's evaluation that the probative value of this testimony was marginal, its refusal to grant a continuance did not rise to a constitutional violation.
+We also find no due process violation in the court's refusal to order disclosure of the taped conversation between Mr. Macias and Officer Ross pertaining to Los Carnales. Mr. Trujillo argues that "[t]he defense was unable to test and cross-examine state witnesses Ross and Macias on direct testimony, relating to their supposed knowledge of 'Los Carnales' " and that Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 92 S.Ct. 763, 31 L.Ed.2d 104 (1972), requires that we grant relief. Appellant's Brief in Chief at 50. However, the matter of Los Carnales was never brought up in the direct testimony of Officer Ross. Moreover, although Mr. Macias did testify to the existence of and membership of Los Carnales, we do not find that Giglio demands that we grant Mr. Trujillo's petition.
+In Giglio, the Government failed to disclose an alleged promise of leniency made to its key witness in return for his testimony. The Government's case depended almost entirely on the witness' testimony. Since the reliability of this witness may well have been determinative of guilt or innocence, the critical nondisclosure affecting his credibility violated due process requirements. The present case is easily distinguishable. Even assuming the taped conversation contained material controverting Mr. Macias' brief testimony regarding Los Carnales, this matter was collateral to the chief issues in the case.
+AFFIRMED.
+Since Beck, the State gambles when it both seeks the death penalty and yet opposes a lesser included offense instruction arguably warranted by the evidence. If the instruction is not given and the State succeeds in its quest for the death penalty, the defendant is automatically entitled to a new trial under Beck if the evidence is later held to have been sufficient to support a lesser offense instruction
+The record supports a finding that there was no fundamental miscarriage of justice because of the failure to instruct on voluntary manslaughter with respect to Officer Jewett's death, even though as an initial matter the evidence might have been sufficient to support such an instruction. Only the prosecution presented evidence regarding the stabbing death of Officer Jewett. That evidence indicated that at one point during the scuffle, Officer Jewett grabbed Mr. Trujillo from behind to stop his assault on another officer. At this point, Mr. Trujillo's codefendant interrupted his assault on Barbershop to knife Officer Jewett in the back, breaking the officer's hold on Mr. Trujillo. Mr. Trujillo then turned around and made several stabbing motions toward Officer Jewett. Two witnesses testified that Officer Jewett's body reacted to these motions as if being struck, although neither could testify that he actually saw Mr. Trujillo stab Officer Jewett
+The court instructed the jury as to first degree murder both under intentional and felony murder theories, as well as under an accessory theory (with Mr. Trujillo as an accessory to his codefendant's deliberate assault on Officer Jewett). The only bases Mr. Trujillo advances to support second degree murder and voluntary manslaughter instructions are Mr. Trujillo's later statement that he did not mean to "get the guard" and the short amount of time within which all the events transpired. Appellant's Brief in Chief at 45. Because the evidence supporting these lesser included offense instructions is not "unequivocally strong," Peery, 615 F.2d at 404, failure to give the instructions did not amount to a fundamental miscarriage of justice and thus is not redressable in a habeas proceeding under the Seventh Circuit rule. Cf. Ferrazzo, 735 F.2d at 968.
+For an expansive discussion of this argument, see Hovey v. Superior Court, 28 Cal.3d 1, 616 P.2d 1301, 1347-55, 168 Cal.Rptr. 128, 174-82 (1980)
+Mr. Trujillo claims that "[a]ny juror who answered [affirmatively] to the third, fourth, fifth or sixth questions was summarily excused, over defense objections." Appellant's Brief in Chief at 8. However, a careful reading of the record shows that, in compliance with Witherspoon v. Illinois, 391 U.S. 510, 88 S.Ct. 1770, 20 L.Ed.2d 776 (1968), only those answering question six affirmatively were so excused. Witherspoon held that venirepersons who voiced only general objections to the death penalty or conscientious or religious scruples against its imposition could not be constitutionally excluded from the jury for cause. Id. at 522, 88 S.Ct. at 1777. Several panel members answering affirmatively to any of questions three, four, or five were nevertheless retained because they responded to the determinative question, number six, negatively. See, e.g., state court transcript, record, vol. 1, at 111-14, 140-46. This comports with the standard enunciated in Adams v. Texas, 448 U.S. 38, 45, 100 S.Ct. 2521, 2526, 65 L.Ed.2d 581 (1980), and affirmed in Wainwright v. Witt, 469 U.S. 412, 424, 105 S.Ct. 844, 852, 83 L.Ed.2d 841 (1985), that a prospective juror in a capital case may be excluded for cause only when his views would "prevent or substantially impair the performance of his duties as a juror in accordance with his instructions and his oath." In fact, counsel for the defense admitted as much in a colloquy with the court:
+Mr. Wagman: ... And the Court has summarily excused all jurors who have voiced scruples against giving the death penalty.
+The Court: Oh no. That is not the case. There are some who have scruples against it who said they were not irrevocably committed against it, who are still on the panel. That was the Court's ruling.
+Mr. Wagman: Yes.
+The Court: Only those were excused who were irrevocably committed against the death penalty.
+Mr. Wagman: Yes. The Court excused all of those prospective jurors irrevocably committed against the death penalty.
+State court transcript, record, vol. 1, at 288-89.
+In fact, we find an incongruence between Mr. Trujillo's request for extensive questioning regarding death qualification, including attempts to rehabilitate those who unambiguously voice "irrevocable" opposition to it, and the feared deleterious effects that repetitive and intense death-qualifying voir dire can purportedly have on a potential juror's tendency to find guilt. See supra. Mr. Trujillo's own brief cites and discusses a 1979 study conducted by Dr. Craig Haney, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of California at Santa Cruz, which concluded that the death-qualification process itself increases a juror's tendency to find guilt. See Haney, On the Selection of Capital Juries: The Biasing Effects of the Death Qualification Process, 8 L. & Hum.Behav. 121 (1984). Dr. Haney found that the prejudicial alteration in attitudes resulting from death-qualifying voir dire is a direct function of how extensive the questioning becomes. "[T]he extent to which [these effects] are minimal will be a function of the extent to which the questioning is minimized." Hovey, 616 P.2d at 1353, 168 Cal.Rptr. at 180 (quoting testimony from Dr. Haney)
+The Court: If he is found guilty it could result in his being sent to the New Mexico State Penitentiary, do you understand that?
+[Juror]: Yes, I do.
+The Court: If that should occur would you have any fear about his safety at the penitentiary?
+[Juror]: Well--
+The Court: Now, let me ask you specifically. If you are selected as a juror in this case and he should go to the penitentiary, do you feel that the other inmates might retaliate against him because of your effect as a juror here, possibly?
+[Juror]: I don't see how they would know.
+The Court: Well, believe me--
+[Juror]: They would.
+The Court: --there is a chance that most information that is known gets to the penitentiary and travels throughout the penitentiary; they would know, in my opinion.
+[Juror]: Well, if it were to bring harm to him I would rather not.
+The Court: Do you feel that the possibility of harm might be brought to him if you serve as a juror in this case and that it might influence your verdict as a juror in this case?
+[Juror]: I don't think it would influence my verdict.
+The Court: What may happen to him if he goes to the penitentiary would not enter your mind at all if you serve as a juror in this case, and would not prevent you from voting either guilty or not guilty, as you feel you should based on the evidence and the Court's instructions, is that correct?
+[Juror]: Right.
+The Court: You don't feel it will affect you in the least?
+[Juror]: Well, I don't want any harm brought to him.
+The Court: Of course, we understand that. We understand that. But I am asking if the possibility that harm could occur to him if he goes to the penitentiary, if that possibility would impair your juror service here in this case?
+[Juror]: I really don't think so.
+The Court: You don't think so.
+State transcript, record, vol. 1, at 361-63.
+In order to compare the colloquy that occurred in this case, see supra note 6, with the court's tirade in Webb, we quote in full the Webb court's speech to the prospective witness, who was then serving a prison sentence.
+There seems to be inconsistent authority in New Mexico as to whether the evidence of specific acts of violence would have been admissible in this case, even if it had been disclosed
+Rule 405(b) of the New Mexico Rules of Evidence provides: "In cases in which character or a trait of character of a person is an essential element of a charge, claim, or defense, proof may also be made of specific instances of his conduct." State v. Bazan, 90 N.M. 209, 561 P.2d 482 (Ct.App.1977), reiterates that where character is an essential element of a defense, it may be proved by evidence of specific acts of conduct. 561 P.2d at 487. The case further implies that the victim's traits of aggressiveness and recklessness are "essential elements" of the defense of self-defense and that evidence of specific acts demonstrating the victim's aggressiveness are thus admissible whenever self-defense is asserted. Id. 561 P.2d at 486-88.
+However, more recent authority states that "evidence of specific acts of violence on the part of the deceased could be introduced by a defendant if there was evidence that the defendant had been informed of, or had knowledge of, those acts at the time of the homicide. Such evidence would have some bearing on the reasonableness of defendant's apprehension for his life." State v. Ewing, 97 N.M. 235, 638 P.2d 1080, 1082 (1982) (emphasis added) (quoting State v. McCarter, 93 N.M. 708, 604 P.2d 1242, 1246 (1980)). In Ewing, the defendant claimed he acted in self-defense. Because there was no clear evidence that the defendant had knowledge of the victim's thirty-two and thirty-three-year-old convictions for assault with a deadly weapon and voluntary manslaughter, respectively, the New Mexico Supreme Court affirmed the trial court's ruling that evidence of the convictions was inadmissible.
+In the present case, no evidence in the record indicates that Mr. Trujillo was aware of the specific instances of conduct which the defense would have attempted to admit in arguing that Mr. Trujillo reasonably feared for his life and acted in self-defense. Like the defendant in Ewing, Mr. Trujillo did not testify. The federal cases cited by Mr. Trujillo in contending that evidence of specific acts is admissible to prove that the victim was the initial aggressor, whether or not the defendant knew about the conduct, are inapposite. They interpret the Federal Rules of Evidence, not the New Mexico Rules of Evidence. As this was a state court trial, we are bound by the New Mexico Rules as interpreted by that State's highest court.
+Nevertheless, because the state of the law in New Mexico is less than clear on the subject, we will assume that such evidence would have been admissible..
+The statements of three inmates, Juan Rodriguez, Steven Kuchar, and Darrell Stanley, concerned the murders of James Foley and Danny Waller, which named Barbershop, among others, as one of the perpetrators. Mr. Rodriguez' statement also named Barbershop among those involved in the beating of Robert Agnes. The statement of Michael Jack Roland described the murder of Joe Madrid, naming Barbershop, among others, as one of the perpetrators. The statement of Peter Laycock concerned the sodomy of several inmates by Barbershop and implicated him in the murders of Filiberto Ortega and Frank Ortega. The statement of Danny Macias discussed the pre-riot murder of one "Cruz" for "some weed." The statement of Reagan Broxson described generally the riot activities of Barbershop, among others. Appellant's Brief in Chief at 15-16
+Discussion
+Breakfast out, rants and raves
+- s
+- ShortOrderHack Aug 6, 2006 05:56 PM
+Why...
+I hate eating breakfast out for all the reasons you list, especially the fact that no one seem to know that hash browns are supposed to be well done and spicy. People with whom I've discussed this say it is their FAVORITE meal to eat out but I don't get it. I'd rather cook my eggs exactly the way we like them, it's so easy; I'm almost always disappointed in breakfast out, and I don't have to get dressed to enjoy it either!!
+Ina's on Randolph, about one year ago, was one of the worst levels of inept service I've experienced in restaurant dining since a horrible (never to be repeated) experience at the Chicago Chop House 10 years ago. The hostess seated us right away, but no waiter or waitstaff acknowledged us for at least 10-15 minutes. When the server finally did acknowledge us, she asked if we wanted coffee (which we sorely needed), then brought us none for another 15 minutes. 15 minutes after that, we finally got to order, got our food, and it was just OK. Been there, done that.
+Gracie's on Webster has the worst service at brunch. I attempted to go there this past Sunday (Aug 5) with some family. We waited at the hostess stand a bit before someone actually came by. She seated us immediately, said she'd be right back with water and we never saw her again. We waited at least 15 minutes, never got water, never got even a hello. When we overhead the woman behind us complaining that the kitchen messed up her order, we knew there was no hope, so we got up and left. No one seemed to care, I think that's what they were hoping for.
+If your kitchen can't stay sober enough Saturday night to do Sunday brunch, then just don't do brunch.
+Pauline's in Ravenswood is a great breakfast place. Tasty food and pretty good service.
+Wishbone is also another good one. Kid friendly too. They have three dining room options: outside, family room, adults-only. I haven't had their huevos rancheros, but I enjoyed what I did have.
+Our current (and longstanding) faves --
+(1) Flo on Chicago Avenue. I don't know about the huevos rancheros, but friends usually order them and love 'em.
+(2) Lula Cafe in Logan Square.
+(3) Hilary's Urban Eatery (closed and moving, I think/hope due to open again soon further West on Division).
+Common theme for all three - unpretentious, relaxed, not trying too hard. I love all three, and have never left unhappy.
+These are a lot of promising suggestions.
+I've tried Wishbone twice, just haven't figured it out yet. I think I didn't order the right things...overall I found the food was OK, nothing to rant or rave about. Great for kids, decent service, nice space.
+The Selmarie suggestion is intriguing, I didn't know they did breakfast. It's quite close to the Old Town School of Folk Music, so quite convenient for certain kid-centric mornings. I'll have to try it for breakfast (dinner was quite good once).
+Erwin on Halsted has an excellent brunch, though a tad $$$. If you have a group, it's especially convenient that they take brunch reservations.
+- re: ShortOrderHack
+- re: ShortOrderHack
+- re: Suburban Sandy
+Selmarie is not a *very* early breakfast place, but from their official website as of 08/11/06 (...) Sat 8am-12pm and Sunday 'brunch' 9am-3pm. Once upon a time, 8am was not quite early enough but for us, now, blissfully, it is (Still haven't tried it - Old Town is scheduled for fall and breakfast is on the agenda)
+Q for Sandy: which Wishbone location? ChowSpouse reports fond 10-year-old memories of breakfast at the West Loop location, which I have never been to, but agreed with my so-so rating of the Wrigleyville location. What did you order?
+- re: ShortOrderHack
+Seconds to Sandy on Wishbone. I'm a big fan of the Lincoln Avenue (@ School Street) location. One packed Saturday a few weeks ago, my pal and I cruised past the line of folks waiting for tables and got seats at the counter. Excellent service; we were right by the kitchen door. My standard order: a peach or mango pancake and an order of cheese grits with a slab of ham. Other companions have given good reviews to the huevos rancheros and the corn cakes.
+- re: Sassafras
+It was the one on Washington and the breakfast was one of the New Orleans-style choices. "Andouille Hash
+Sauteed andouille chicken sausage (no pork), potato, peppers and onions served with two eggs and choice of corn muffin, biscuit or toast. "Andouille Hash
+Sauteed andouille chicken sausage (no pork), potato, peppers and onions served with two eggs and choice of corn muffin, biscuit or toast." The andouille chicken sausage was really tasty. Dining companion had the Yankee omelette which was also great. Loved it and the price was right!!!
+Short Order,
+Unfortunately, very few things are too salty for me! :-) Never tried Tweet. I'm out in the 'burbs, so most of my breakfast jaunts are in the area and no real standouts. Although Elmhurst Restaurant on Lake Street in Elmhurst (just west of York Rd) has the best Eggs Benedict I've ever tried...and then I have them bring me more heart attack, I mean hollandaise....yummy!!
+- re: Suburban Sandy
+Sandy,
+What do you think of Christopher's on York Road? I wouldn't try eggs benedict there (for those I prefer the Bongo Room) or anything very elaborate (it is a diner, after all), but I've always found their omelettes (particularly feta cheese) to be top-notch and everything else to be fresh and made with care.
+- re: Suburban Sandy
+You know, I've never been to Christopher's but my neighbor goes there religiously for breakfast before or after church on Sundays (no pun intended). Since you have now piqued my interest for a feta cheese omelette, I may have to go check it out this weekend. I am one of those folks who LOVES to go out for breakfast. Call me crazy! I love omelettes, pancakes, skillets, all of it. And I love not having to clean up the kitchen :-) Don't know what it is, but it's the only meal I'm not fond of cleaning up after. And Short Order, is there really anything better than a well-made hollandaise? You could almost bathe in it!!! Arteries be damned!!!
+Generally, I'm not a fan of brunch, but I can't rave enough about M Henry in Andersonville. Very child friendly, but like many good brunch places in town, the waits can get long, although there are benches to wait on outside on a nice day. I've had both their sweets (hot cakes with an amazing berry-rhubarb compote and granola) and savory lunch dishes and they are great. Portions are gigantic, everything is homemade and there's lots of fresh ingredients.
+An online menu I found doesn't list huevos rancheros, but does list "Jorge's Black Bean Cakes and Eggs" - two spicy black bean cakes topped with chipotle sour cream, with two eggs and house potatoes, and the "Latina Omeletta" with black beans, tomatoes, sour cream, wisconsin sharp cheddar, green onions and cilantro topped with chipotle sauce and served with sweet plantains and house potatoes.
+Former M Henry chefs opened Over Easy in Ravenswood earlier this year, but I was not as impressed with their offerings.
+Update on Ina's - went there two weeks ago. I found the service quite good despite a full house, so maybe they have overcome their service issues. No problem getting a table around 9:00 am, although it was pretty full when we left at 10. Waitress came fast, knew the menu, very efficient. Bread, water, coffee on the table fast. I had the vegetable hash - OK, but a little short on character. I found the food as good as, if different from Wishbone. I like the free parking in their lot. Still looking for the can't miss breakfast spot, but I'd go back to Ina's.
+- re: wak
+Here's my take on Ina's (and I've been going there several times a year since it originally opened in the DePaul area):
+Dependable, convenient with just enough character and innovation to distinguish itself from other restaurants/diners of its ilk. The food is generally well-prepared, with fresh ingredients, and its atmosphere and service in my experience have always been homey and pleasant. But why do I always feel, when the tab is finally tabbed, that I'm paying 10-20% more for the quality of the experience than I should be paying? Oh well, I guess that's not such a big deal, since I keep on coming back when I'm in the neighborhood.
+i don't do breakfast, but i definitely do brunch.
+Brunch places that rock:
+Custom House (ever had dessert + tea w/ your brunch? if not, time to start)
+Hot Chocolate
+Dodo Cafe
+Bin wine cafe
+Sweets & Savories
+Jane's
+Rodan
+Yoshi's
+etc.
+even Tavern on Rush isn't half bad
+places that suck/annoy:
+wishbone
+milk & honey
+twisted spoke
+bongo room/112 eatery
+earwax
+orange
+ina's
+(and that place on Taylor, o gosh, you know... the one that's packed even after 10" snow storm)
+they might not suck because the food's bad. but... it's breakfast, i'm hung over, i don't want to wait 40 min for mediocre boring traditional american food. ever. i don't want to hear screamy kids tossing their $6 bowl of "steel cut irish oatmeal" onto the floor...
+We love to have breakfast at Julius Meinl. It isn't kid friendly exactly, unless your children are well behaved Austrian tea and coffee drinking toddlers, but the soft boiled egg, the simple but good slice of ham, the pot of tea. It's perfect for a breakfast alone with a good book or the Sunday Times or WSJ. When I have to tote along the kids, I always choose Ann Sather on Belmont. It just seems solid, and comforting every time, even if the Swedish sausage is a bit weird, I still love it, and the pancakes.
+Yesterday Joe Carnahan, director of THE GREY, SMOKING ACES, NARC — and as of yesterday morning my favorite director — tweeted the following:
+If Lucasfilm and Disney were exceptionally brave, they’d hire these kids, Ryan Wieber & Michael Scott. THAT’S fan love. youtube.com/watch?v=RATMJ8…
+— Joe Carnahan (@carnojoe) January 14, 2013
+That’s right. Who wants to touch me.
+While he might have meant just involving us in any potential saber action, that doesn’t strike me as a move requiring particular bravery on the part of the studios. I think he meant giving us the you’d-think-would-be-coveted-but-has-been-turned-down-by-all-the-big-names directing gig.
+First off: yo, Disney/LFL. We’ll totally do it. It’s not that crazy. We’ll be working with ILM, with you guys, you’ve already got a great writer and I’m sure you’d team us up with a great DP and a great AD, and the experience and talent of the crew will more than make up for whatever we may lack. If you can’t get a name to draw the crowds, you know people would show up curious to see what the YouTube kids came out with.
+Yeah, snowball’s chance, but had to put that out there. Shy people get nothing, right?
+At any rate, irrespective of the probability that this could ever happen, I couldn’t help daydreaming about it, and in so doing, considering what the best approach could possibly be to a film with such high expectations. Looking at it from the perspective of a filmmaker and, more importantly, from that of a fan.
+Over the years I’ve gotten pretty good at articulating my thoughts and feelings on movies, and so I thought I would share with you, yet-to-be-named director of Episode 7, what I — and, I think, others like me — want you to know about the task ahead of you.
+After the negative fan reactions to Episode 1, many people made the claim that, well, with a movie that hotly anticipated, there was no way it could ever have lived up to the fans’ expectations. And, two-and-change years before the unveiling of Episode 7, we’ve already got folks tempering their expectations saying the same thing. There’s no way it can be as great as they can’t help hoping it will be. There’s no way it can do anything other than disappoint.
+I don’t agree with them.
+Here’s the most important thing for you to know: we, the fans, want you to succeed. The internet is… well, you know. Scum, villainy, etc. So you’re gonna get a lot of hate coming at your face once your name goes out in the world, no matter who you are. But the truth is that there is nothing fans of Star Wars want more than to love the film you’re going to make. Despite how it may sound in the comment threads of various film blogs (and I suggest you avoid them), deep down, we’re on your side. We’re rooting for you.
+You’re going to hear that the fans want the new movies to be like the original trilogy, and we do. That sounds like a tall order, but it’s really not. All it means is we want back the sense of adventure, the sense of fun, lacking from the very somber, convoluted-plot-driven prequels.
+If you do try to listen to what the fans want, try to separate out what they are actually asking for, versus the specific execution they suggest. Yoda fought with a lightsaber in ATTACK OF THE CLONES because fans said they wanted to see Yoda fight with a lightsaber — but what they really wanted was to see what made Yoda the greatest Jedi of all time. Which, in actuality, had nothing to do with his swordsmanship (as even Yoda himself basically says in EMPIRE).
+So, for example, you’re going to hear fans clamoring for the original characters — Luke, Leia, Han — to return. And while that would, indeed, be super cool (and if they’ll do it we’ll totally take it), what we’re really asking for is the kind of characters they represent. Characters who are human, who have personality, who are memorable and distinct. We love the original trilogy because watching it feels like going on an adventure with some of our dearest friends, we know their quirks and foibles, and love them not in spite of their flaws but because of them.
+Where the prequels fell short of fan hopes, in my estimation, has nothing to do with their scope, their scale, their action, their visual effects. Obviously these aspects completely outstripped anything in the original films. But they feel like a history lecture, populated by larger-than-life mythological figures for whom it would be easy for us to rattle off a complete chronology of what they do, but an impossible task to describe who they are.
+When it comes down to it, we want to meet some new friends. Because for all that people (like me) can delve into the worldbuilding minutiae of the Galaxy Far, Far Away, for all that we talk about the trench run or the speeder chase, it was never really about those things. It wasn’t about the history of the Jedi, or the lightsaber fights, or the space battles. We loved those things because we loved the characters we were experiencing them with. Give us characters to fall in love with again, and you can practically do no wrong. We’ll follow them to hell and back or just watch them eat a meal together. Throw them into peril and, more than just being impressed by the visuals I’m sure you and ILM will deliver, we’ll care.
+That’s all we want from you. Really. The worst mistake you can make will be to approach this thinking you have something to prove. You don’t have to show off. You don’t have to convince us you have the chops to direct action or visual effects. Just introduce us to our new best friends. It’s the simplest, and most difficult, thing for a filmmaker to do. But it’s the only one that truly matters.
+Good luck. Or, if you prefer — and if you’re the one with this gig, you probably should — may the Force be with you.
+Oh, and one more thing. While I meant what I said above about the lightsaber fights not being what really mattered, if it so happens that the new adventure calls for them… please feel free to get in touch.
+Remember when movies used to have titles? When they were actually descriptive and interesting and not just the name of the main character you’d never heard of?
+Sigh. I miss those days.
+In the titling spirit of JOHN CARTER and ALEX CROSS, somebody decided to call this flick JACK REACHER instead of ONE SHOT, the title of the book on which it was based. I don’t want to harp on the title this whole time, but I do think titles like this hamper a film’s ability to attract the general audience’s interest. I could be wrong — it looks like it’s doing fine at the box office — but I think it could be doing better if people had any sense of what the movie was about, its tone, or anything at all from the film’s title, its equally-generic poster, or its by-the-numbers trailer.
+At any rate, I’m pleased to report that the title is my biggest gripe with the film. Otherwise, JACK REACHER is a highly entertaining thriller, channeling the energy of a Dashiell Hammett/Raymond Chandler hardboiled detective story seamlessly into contemporary times. It’s not a throwback to THE BIG SLEEP, THE MALTESE FALCON, or CHINATOWN* so much as a (highly worthy) successor to that kind of mystery story.
+In a Sherlock Holmes mystery, Sherlock solves the crime seemingly by magic, only afterward describing the clues his keen senses and intellect registered and which Watson missed. But since Watson was our narrator, the fact he missed those clues means we as the reader never heard about them until Sherlock mentioned, after the fact, they were there. We never had the chance to try to solve the mystery ourselves.
+The other way to do it is to be in the mind of the detective himself, getting all the clues as he does and being able to put them together alongside him. JACK REACHER is this kind of mystery story, giving you all the same pieces our man Jack has to work with, doling them out in such a way that he’s always just one step ahead of us without feeling like he’s jumping wildly to unjustifiably correct conclusions.
+Obviously to discuss the plot of a mystery is to ruin a lot of the fun, so I’ll refrain there, other than to say the villain’s motivation…doesn’t make a ton of sense. Which is okay, really, because it’s just the McGuffin and the fun is seeing how Reacher discovers the truth.
+Whatever you may think of Tom Cruise in terms of his personal life choices, he’s capital-Tom capital-Cruise for a reason, and as always he’s compelling to watch in every scene. He and Rosamund Pike have great chemistry, and the film possesses exactly the kind of personality and wit so often lacking from the over-serious, melodramatic tentpoles of recent years. Reacher is a fascinating badass without a dark past he’s always sulking over, which was a breath of fresh air.
+I also like a lot about the way director Christopher McQuarrie staged this film, particularly the action scenes. He makes them feel properly frenetic and chaotic without resorting to the shakycam crutch so often used to hide the fact the director hasn’t bothered to stage anything coherent at all, managing even to inject some humor into the action. (One action beat descends into almost pure slapstick, but the movie gets away with it because Reacher is as astonished by the absurdity as we are.) McQuarrie also knows when not to go for the thrill and dial up the suspense instead, a skill I think a lot of action directors (and screenwriters) seem to lack.
+If you’re like me and the lame title put you off bothering to so much as find out what JACK REACHER even is, do yourself a favor and check it out. It is more clever and original than the marketing would have you believe, engages your brain without being exhausting, and is well worth your two hours.
+* Which I guess today would be released as PHILIP MARLOWE, SAM SPADE and JAKE GITTES, respectively. Oh, Hollywood.
+Let’s see if we can get back into this in 2013.
+Not a lot of movies this first week and all of them start with C, which I didn’t notice until just now. That’s funny.
+CIRQUE DU SOLEIL: WORLDS AWAY
+Generally speaking, the plan is for movies currently in theatres to get a stand-alone review, but there’s not enough to say about WORLDS AWAY to make it worth its own post. The film is a collection of acts from the various Las Vegas Cirque troupes — including O, Kà, Zumanity, and others — shot in stereo (apparently sometimes with James Cameron, who produced the film, operating the camera) and loosely strung together by a framing story of a young man and woman traveling through the different “worlds” represented by each act, searching for each other.
+I saw the film in 3D and for once I felt it actually enhanced the experience. Many of the acts involve stunts that travel great distances or are performed high above the stage, and being able to feel the depth of the space made a difference in creating a sense of awe and appreciation for the grace, agility, and courage of the performers.
+WORLDS AWAY’s plot is effectively nonexistent, but that’s never really been the point of Cirque du Soleil. Cirque has always been about marveling at various feats of human athleticism, usually set to some pretty great music. Orders of magnitude cheaper than a trip to Vegas and tickets to seven Cirque shows — and, by being able to get the cameras in among the action, showcasing the performances in a better-than-front-row view — if you’ve ever wanted to check out a Cirque show, this is 90 minutes worth catching in theatres (if you can find a showing near you).
+CLEANFLIX
+A documentary about Clean Flicks, a Utah-based (read: Mormon) company which in the mid-2000s began producing unauthorized bowdlerizations of Hollywood movies. Described as chronicling the “rise and fall” of the company, it actually chronicles the rise and fall of an entire cottage industry of “family” (read: fundie) friendly re-cut films.
+The film does a good job of letting the Clean Flicks side of things make their case, while addressing the legal, ethical, and creative objections from the studios and filmmakers whose work is being — in my view, theirs, and I think the documentary’s — inappropriately altered. It takes a rather bizarre turn in the final third, but it’s a bizarre turn in the real events and it feels right that the documentary, shot over the course of several years while the events unfolded, should cover it.
+Surprisingly engaging for what you’d think would be esoteric subject matter, as of now the doc is available on Netflix and worth checking out.
+CLASH OF THE TITANS (2010)
+I didn’t expect much from this, given its rather poor reviews (28% on Rotten Tomatoes), the fact I’m not super impressed by Louis Letterier, and the fact that — let’s have some real talk here — the 1980 CLASH was a pretty dumb movie to begin with, the inarguable genius of Ray Harryhausen notwithstanding.
+Almost certainly as a result of such low expectations (and not having to shell out hard-earned cash for a ticket), I didn’t hate CLASH OF THE TITANS. I also didn’t love it by any means; in fact, trying at this moment to recall the movie enough to review it, I’m realizing it was literally almost completely forgettable and I have already done so. Stellar effects work, naturally, but nothing particularly memorable in terms of character, dialogue, plot or action. Oh, except the Djinn characters, they were a cool design.
+I hear the sequel, WRATH OF THE TITANS, is significantly worse, which means I’ve pretty much got to check it out.
+I’ve been using the same Mac Pro machine since 2007. It’s been a solid workhorse — over the years I’ve upgraded it, boosting it up to 16GB of RAM, slugging an eSATA card in, and replacing the Radeon 7300 card with a pair of NVIDIA cards to get some CUDA acceleration going.* But I’d finally come to the point where I could no longer work efficiently on the machine — working with Scarlet footage on a new short we just shot is just choking it up; on top of which, I’ve decided to learn Houdini, and when it comes to running even the simple first-tutorial simulations, I might as well be asking it of a brick.
+With Final Cut Pro effectively EOL-ed (Final Cut Pro X is… cute), and no other software I use being exclusive to the Mac platform, I considered jumping ship entirely back to Windows and building my own PC, especially with Apple dragging their feet in announcing a new line of Mac Pros.** Then someone reminded me that I could potentially get the best of both worlds by building myself what’s variously called a CustoMac, or Hackintosh — a PC tricked into running OS X.
+The last time I looked at Hackintoshing was around the time I got my Mac Pro. It was known to be possible, since OS X was now compatible with Intel chipsets, but it required, well, hacking. You had to actually dig into the code and know what you were doing, which — as this post will demonstrate — my attempting would not be the path of wisdom.
+But, much like building a proton pack — which I’ve also been investigating lately for…reasons — what used to be an underground, esoteric pursuit requiring all kinds of scouring for parts and information has since become a simple, standard procedure with pre-selected parts ready to go. In the case of proton packs, you can find almost all the bits and bobs just searching eBay for resin castings. In the case of a Hackintosh, the central hub is tonymacx86.
+On tonymacx86, you can find articles recommending PC parts that have been successfully Hackintoshed — the primary part at issue being the motherboard. The forums are also packed with threads by clever folks who have successfully built OS X machines, all laid out with clear, step by step information what they did to get everything working (and what they couldn’t get to work, if anything). Particularly of note are the Golden Builds, which are chosen by the community moderators as particularly worthy of attention and emulation. All you have to do is pick a build to follow and it’s as simple as following the steps.
+The build I personally chose to follow is this one, based off the Gigabyte GA-Z77-UP5 TH motherboard. I chose this board and build because the board comes with dual Thunderbolt ports that were confirmed to work after the hack, as well as USB 3.0. If I was going to build a new computer I might as well try to get as much of the latest and greatest as possible.
+There are faster boards that take more RAM (my board tops out at 32GB), but I don’t have infinite funds and it’s easy to get down a rathole of spending — if I get a faster board that takes more RAM, I should get more RAM, and a faster processor, and a better cooling system, etc. This board and the parts seemed to hit a price-performance sweet spot I was happy with.
+I also chose this build because it had successfully booted into Mountain Lion 10.8.2, which was the only version available from the App Store.
+Not wanting to take any chances, and for the sake of expedience, I decided to buy pretty much all the same parts as the build I was following, so I got the same processor (Intel i7-3770K), the same RAM (Corsair low-profile DDR3-1600 — though I maxed out the board with 32GB instead of the 16GB in the build), same CPU cooler (I probably would have wasted days trying to figure out what the best one was, so I appreciated being able to just buy one that I already knew would be appropriate), and same case.
+The recommended power supply was discontinued so I bought a similar one from the same manufacturer; it being Black November, NewEgg had a great deal on 240GB SSDs so I picked up two, intending to dual-boot Mountain Lion and Windows 7; and I got a GeForce GTX 680 instead of the 670 in his build. I also purchased a FireWire card for backward compatibility, as well as a card with extra USB 2.0 ports so I can keep the USB 3.0 free for devices that can leverage it. I also picked up a Blu-Ray-burning-multi-wonder-everything optical drive. OS X doesn’t have built in Blu-Ray support, but it recognizes the drive and reads/burns DVDs and CDs, and using software like Toast the Blu-Ray features work as they should. In this way it’s no different than putting a BD into a real Mac.
+The first motherboard I bought was defective — the power supply cable for some reason would not plug in to the board. It just physically would not make the connection. I sent the board back, got a new one, and that one worked fine.
+Once you’ve got the parts assembled and the computer boots into the motherboard BIOS (if you’ve never built your own PC before, simply follow this step-by-step video produced by Newegg), it’s three simple steps to get your Hackintosh up and running with very little muss or fuss:
+STEP ONE: BIOS
+Adjust your BIOS settings to be compatible with an OS X boot. This is where following a successful build is key — someone else already went through all the trial and error for you. The build thread will contain instructions — often screenshots — for exactly the combination of BIOS settings that will make your motherboard and OS X play their nicest. Once that’s done, you’re ready to move on to:
+STEP TWO: UNIBEAST
+Like I said before, back in the day you would have had to hack up OS X yourself to trick it into accepting a non-standard chipset, but now it’s as simple as downloading a utility called Unibeast. Unibeast will help you create a bootable USB thumb drive with an unlocked version of OS X.
+The process of making the drive and installing the OS to your machine is simple and detailed clearly here.
+Unibeast will get the compatible OS onto the drive, but the drive will not yet be bootable. Using the USB stick to boot into the newly-created hard drive, it is then time for:
+STEP THREE: MULTIBEAST
+Another pre-baked utility from tonymacx86, allowing you to install all the necessary tweaks, drivers, and a bootloader in one fell swoop, after which your computer will happily boot to OS X directly. This again is a step where following a successful build will save you lots of time and trials, because the build thread will have a screenshot of all the proper boxes to check. The process of downloading and using Multibeast is part of the Unibeast installation instructions.
+After that, you’re pretty much done. You’ve got a computer that thinks its a Mac and you’re good to go.
+Other notes about the process:
+WIFI
+My motherboard comes with a wifi/bluetooth card. Unfortunately, since it’s not meant to be a Mac motherboard, the card does not work under OS X. In fact, most wireless cards don’t. I think since real Macs come with wifi built in, manufacturers don’t see the point in making discrete cards for the purpose. Even the ones that say they’re Mac compatible turn out not to be, at least not for Mountain Lion, as I found after several round-trips to Fry’s in a cycle of purchases and returns.
+There are a few guides for building your own Hackintosh-compatible PCI-e Airport cards, but I found someone selling prefab ones on eBay and just went with that. Once I got it, the computer recognized it completely natively. If you’re building your own, get one of these with the other parts.
+CUDA IN ADOBE
+The GTX 680 is not “natively” supported as a valid CUDA processor by Premiere or After Effects under OS X. As with wifi, this is an every-Mac thing, not just a Hackintosh thing.
+Fortunately, it’s a simple fix. The programs have a human-readable .txt file inside the “package” telling them which cards they should accept for CUDA processing. It’s literally as simple as adding the name of your card to that file. A quick and easy, five minute walkthrough of how to do that from the Terminal is available here.
+DUAL-BOOT
+Having a dual-boot machine was as simple as installing a second SSD, installing Windows on the drive, and setting the boot priority in the BIOS so OS X is primary. If I want to boot to Windows I just hold down F12 when the computer first powers on and I get a boot selection screen (the specific key will vary depending on your mobo manufacturer, but it’s the same principle). No need for Boot Camp, it’s just native Windows. Easy peasy.
+DON’T FIX WHAT AIN’T BROKEN
+Okay, so here’s the story of how I completely fucked up my perfectly-working build for a little while there.
+My motherboard has, among its other ports, an eSATA port built in. I have a Drobo S I use as my “active” storage — where I keep footage I’m using for editing and effects — connected to my previous Mac Pro via an eSATA card. Plugging the Drobo S into the eSATA port on my Hackintosh, it mounts as a drive, but is not recognized by the system — nor Drobo Dashboard — as a Drobo. Plugging it into FW800, it recognizes it as a Drobo.
+This wouldn’t be a big deal, except that apparently if the computer doesn’t realize it’s a Drobo, the Drobo itself doesn’t realize it and doesn’t do its data protection thang. I transferred some files to the Drobo via eSATA, and then when I connected it to FW800 it went into data protection mode for several hours to deal with all the new data it apparently hadn’t noticed before.
+I looked up my motherboard for driver/BIOS updates and it turned out that I was using BIOS v4 and it’s now up to v11, which listed “enhanced SATA capability” as its primary feature.
+So here’s me, just built a Hackintosh, thinking I’m hot shit. I figure, hey, I’ll go ahead and update the BIOS.
+In my defense, I wasn’t completely an imbecile about it. I downloaded Carbon Copy Cloner and cloned my boot drive to a USB drive so I could restore if needed. I likewise saved my existing BIOS to a thumb drive before overwriting it so I could restore it if things went pear-shaped. Which they proceeded to do. Updating the BIOS broke the OS X bootloader, so the computer no longer recognized the OS X partition as a valid bootable drive. Attempting to restore from the clone didn’t work because apparently I did the wrong type of clone backup.
+On top of which, the graphics got all broken because Hackintoshing my particular motherboard’s BIOS has two sets of settings — one if you are going to use the onboard graphics, one if you are going to use your own graphics card. In my stress over trying to get my computer back up, I spent a good day repeatedly following the wrong procedure.
+Long story short, eventually I rolled back my BIOS, followed the correct settings procedure, reinstalled Unibeast, reinstalled Multibeast, and just put all my applications back from scratch instead of trying to restore anything from Carbon Copy, finally getting back to where I had been in the first place.
+The punchline? The Drobo-not-recognized-over-eSATA issue seems to be a problem with the Drobo and probably had nothing to do with my motherboard at all.
+All in all, aside from user-error/-is-retarded issues, I’m very happy with my sexy new machine and looking forward to working with it. I especially look forward to trying some new-to-me apps — like Resolve and Smoke — which I simply didn’t have the horsepower for before. With the information and resources available, anyone even moderately tech-savvy can build a powerful, stable Mac Pro replacement — which can also boot Windows 100% natively — either for a fraction of the price, or for the same price but better. If you’re looking to upgrade your rig, don’t want to wait for Apple to show their hand on the Mac Pro, but still want to keep a foot in the OS X ecosystem, definitely consider it.
+*The pair of cards, since I’m being tech spec-y in this post anyway, is the GT 120 and the GTX 285. The 120 is used to run the monitors, leaving the 285 purely for GPU acceleration. While not an officially supported configuration, it was recommended by Blackmagic as a kludgey way to get Resolve running on my machine. I still couldn’t really use Resolve but it boosted AE’s performance tremendously.
+**They assure us such machines are coming, and that they will be awesome. This was also what they said of FCPX.
+Written, directed by, and starring RZA (pronounced “Rizza”), THE MAN WITH THE IRON FISTS is a throwback to the kind of grindhouse kung fu cinema introduced to the “mainstream” by KILL BILL. Tarantino and RZA met on that film’s production (RZA provided music for Volume 1), and presumably their mutual affection for the genre led to Tarantino throwing his weight behind what I can only guess is a long-time dream project for RZA, a film like the ones he loved growing up, starring himself as the hero.
+I’ve done the fan film thing. I totally get it. I wouldn’t begrudge RZA his Mary Sue adventure at all if the fruit of his passion were, like KILL BILL, also a good movie. But Quentin is a kind of movie savant, who can watch movies and immediately turn around and do it without any prior training. RZA, unfortunately, is not Tarantino, and doesn’t do especially well with any of the many hats he wore on this movie (aside from the music he composed).
+As a director, he doesn’t appear to have given the actors much to work with, with tone and performances wildly uneven through the film; visually he seems to have been under the impression that shooting well meant shooting more. As an actor, he’s dull and bland, lacking a proper director’s guidance, as well as lacking the screen presence to pull off the stoic hero. He doesn’t appear to have done much or any training to prepare for the role — his physique soft and undefined, his body language and posture slouched and unconvincing. When he puts on the eponymous fists and smashes them together, that moment in this kind of movie is supposed to feel like a powerful wild animal has just escaped its cage. Here it feels like a twelve year old wearing foam Hulk fists for Halloween.
+The fists themselves don’t show up until very nearly the end of the movie, which brings me to RZA as writer. RZA shares screenplay credit with Eli Roth but has a story credit all to himself, so I’m going to assume the structural issues are part and parcel of RZA’s contribution. This 95 minute movie (which feels at least twice as long) spends easily the first half just introducing characters. RZA’s blacksmith protagonist — the archetypical Man Who Doesn’t Want To Fight Until He’s Pushed Too Far — isn’t Pushed Too Far until the last 20 minutes, doesn’t actually enter the fray with the iron fists until the final 5.
+No no no. This is — or ought to be — a kung fu superhero movie. Can you imagine a Spider-Man origin film where Peter Parker didn’t get bitten by the spider until well into act 3? The event which pushes him to don iron fists ought to be the inciting incident, the rest of the story playing out as the blacksmith seeks to defend and/or avenge the people of his village.
+But RZA didn’t want to just make a martial arts throwback film — he wanted to make all the martial arts throwback films. The film is so distracted by its need to pay homage to other films it forgets all about the putative story of the man with the iron fists until nearly the very end.
+To be fair, when it comes to a movie like this, I don’t plunk down my cash for the story, nor the acting. I plunk it down for the fight scenes. A good martial arts movie is much like a good musical, but instead of songs, you have fight scenes. Like songs in a musical, the fight scenes should move the story forward and tell you something about the characters.
+A schlocky martial arts film, on the other hand, is more like a porno. The story is a flimsy excuse to drive the action, the longer the better, and while some camera angles are better than others it doesn’t really matter as long as you can see the money shots.
+Porno filmmakers understand what their audience wants to see, but for some reason most (American) filmmakers doing martial arts movies do not. A porno presenting its fucking the way THE MAN WITH THE IRON FISTS presents its fighting simply would not be allowed. The choreography (by Corey Yuen) is solid when you can see it, but the camera is almost always on a 50mm lens or tighter, rarely wider than a medium shot, and it’s an unusual shot that allows more than one move to occur before cutting to another. It feels like RZA thought he had something to prove about his ability to make a “cool” movie, and in so doing just got completely in his own way.
+It’s too bad, because there’s definitely a good (“for what it is”) version of this story, and a great fight-porn flick buried in the concept. But this isn’t it. Not even close. If you’re not a fan of the genre, this isn’t going to convert you. If you are, save yourself the disappointment.
+In the relatively brief history of cinema as a storytelling medium, it seems like it’s been easy to pick out the major landmarks along the way, especially in the last few decades. Everyone who saw STAR WARS knew it had changed everything; a generation later, JURASSIC PARK would inspire similar awe and achieve equally enviable success. You see a film like THE MATRIX and you know, in your bones, you’ve just seen a new way to use the medium, something that will change its course forever.
+Then again, sometimes it’s not so obvious. Sometimes a film takes its time to find its feet. THE WIZARD OF OZ; CITIZEN KANE; BLADE RUNNER — all classics of the medium, all flops upon release. But they withstood the test of time and are now appreciated and revered for those exact qualities which most likely alienated the contemporary audiences.
+As of this writing, CLOUD ATLAS is performing poorly at the box office, taking in only $14.5 million in its first week against an estimated $100 million budget. But you would make a tremendous mistake to think this is a reflection of its quality.
+Directed by Lana and Andy Wachowski — the directing duo behind the MATRIX films and SPEED RACER — in collaboration with Tom Twyker — best known in the U.S. for RUN LOLA RUN — the film spans a period of several centuries, following six stories intercut together, all occurring in different times and places, all related thematically and by the presence of common actors playing (different) characters in each story.
+If there’s one thing I’m not, it’s a man who believes the Wachowskis can do no wrong. Bring up the MATRIX sequels and you’ve probably got about thirty seconds of discussion before I become unreasonable. And I’m about to squander any and all possible film snob cred by stating that I didn’t think much of RUN LOLA RUN, either. The trailers for CLOUD ATLAS were certainly ambitious, but did little to inspire my interest. Ultimately I went to see it because I try to see all the major releases like this, hoping for the best, preparing for the worst.
+Joyfully, I got the best. CLOUD ATLAS is my favorite film of the year.
+CLOUD ATLAS is a film that requires your full attention, but will reward you for it in the end. It jumps, sometimes extremely quickly, between its six stories, but — as the movie itself assures us early on — there’s a method to the madness. It’s not stylized for no reason — in fact, considering the other films on the Wachowskis’ resume, the filmmaking aside from the editing is surprisingly conventional. But, as we know from the Kuleshov effect, editing is where the story is really told.
+The plot of CLOUD ATLAS defies easy summary, comprised as it is of six disparate storylines. From the Wikipedia article:
+- South Pacific Ocean, 1849. Adam Ewing, an American lawyer from San Francisco during the California Gold Rush, has come to the Chatham Islands to conclude a business arrangement for his father-in-law. He meets Dr. Henry Goose who offers a cure for the parasitic worm that is seemingly eating his brain. While ashore, Adam learns about the enslavement of the Moriori tribe and observes a slave being whipped. The slave, Autua, stows away on the ship and Adam reluctantly keeps him hidden.
+- Cambridge, England and Edinburgh, Scotland, 1936. Robert Frobisher, a gay, penniless, young English musician, finds work as an amanuensis to a famous composer, allowing Frobisher the time and inspiration to compose his own masterpiece, “The Cloud Atlas Sextet” while his master attempts to take all credit for the Sextet as his own.
+- San Francisco, California, 1973. Luisa Rey, is a journalist, sent to write a story about a new nuclear power plant. She meets Sixsmith, a respected nuclear physicist who decides to help Rey expose a conspiracy regarding the safety of a nuclear reactor. In the meanwhile, a hitman, hired by oil lobbyists, attempts to silence the exposers.
+- United Kingdom, 2012. Timothy Cavendish, a 65-year-old publisher, flees the associates of a jailed gangster author and ends up confined against his will in a nursing home from which he attempts to escape.
+- Neo Seoul, (Korea), 2144. “Old” Seoul has sunken partly beneath the rising seas, which are now held back by colossal sea walls that protect the rest of the city. Sonmi-451, a genetically-engineered fabricant (clone) server at a hyper-fast-food restaurant, is interviewed before her execution. Sonmi rebels against the totalitarian society that created and exploited her kind.
+- On one of the beautiful Hawaiian Islands on post-apocalyptic Earth, a tribesman named Zachry living a primitive life after most of humanity has died during “The Fall” is visited by Meronym who arrives on a fusion-powered hover-yacht, and is a member of the “Prescients,” the last remnants of a technologically-advanced civilization. After Meronym saves Zachry’s young niece, he agrees to guide her into the mountains in search of Cloud Atlas, an outpost and station where many unburied dead bodies lay, where she hopes to send a message to people who have left Earth and are now living on other planets.
+The stories are connected in two ways. The first, and most obvious, is that the main character of each story comes to know the story that preceded, and discovers this story at a crucial turning point in his/her own. The experience of the protagonist of the prior story heartens the protagonist of the next and leads them to take the action that will inspire the next. CLOUD ATLAS is a story about why we tell stories, and how our actions affect each other down the generations in unexpected ways.
+The execution of CLOUD ATLAS makes it also an exploration of how we tell stories, intercutting the action of the stories together in ways that at first seem inexplicable, but then it slowly becomes clear they are thematically, and structurally, related. The stories are told in a mostly linear fashion within themselves, but sewn together in the most astonishing example of vertical storytelling I’ve ever seen. We jump rapidly between time periods as each story reaches its second act break, its bad guys close in, its dark night of the soul. Despite the different times, places, antagonists, and explicit goals of the protagonist, underneath it all the experiences are fundamentally the same. In each case a story about love and trust, in each case a story about defying the so-called “natural order” which is revealed to be a mere construct of those who most benefit from the status quo.
+Even the name itself hints at this notion — a “cloud atlas” is a visual guide to identifying the various types of clouds (cumulus, cirrus, nimbus, etc.). The clouds come in various shapes and sizes, can be classified as different from each other, but ultimately they are all made of the same stuff. They are all, despite their appearances, identical. They can change from one to the other over time, combine, disperse. Change, indeed, is the only true “natural order.”
+The name appears in the 1936 storyline, when the composer Frobisher writes the “Cloud Atlas Sextet,” a symphony played by six instruments. The structure of the film follows this same conceit — six stories, with recurring motifs that follow, transpose, reinterpret each other as the work progresses, each traveling, sometimes in harmony and sometimes in discord, through the major movements of modern storytelling. The structure of the film is perfectly literary, perfectly musical, and perfectly cinematic all at once. I have honestly never seen anything like it.
+CLOUD ATLAS has come under a bit of fire for its race-bending — Caucasian actors portraying Korean characters, in particular — but in this film’s case it is thematically appropriate and (from my privileged white person’s perspective) respectful. The same actors portray characters in different eras, jumping across lines of age, of race, of gender — another way of making the statement that under our different appearances, we are all in fact the same. Recasting just for the purposes of the different ethnicities would in fact have undermined this aspect of the story. It should also be noted that Korean actors portray Caucasian and Hispanic characters, and in the far-future story, the primitive culture is light-skinned and the advanced dark-skinned, a quiet inversion of the slave-owning white culture portrayed in the earliest time period. It’s not about how you look, or even really who you are. It’s about what you’re made of.
+There are gunshots and car-chases and VFX aplenty, but this is not turn-off-your-brain moviegoing. This is a crank-it-up-and-sit-up-straight experience, a movie that asks you to meet it in the middle. It wants to tell you a story — six stories about one story, more specifically — but it wants you to engage with it, to be an active participant rather than a passive observer.
+Studios don’t make movies like this anymore. The studio penguins think the audience can’t handle it, won’t try. So they produce movies full of color and light and sound and fury all signifying nothing. A movie has arrived at last that trusts and respects its audience, that delivers all the spectacle but believes in the audience’s intelligence rather than insulting it. And I despair that the box office is on track to prove the penguins right.
+I have little doubt CLOUD ATLAS will be recognized twenty years from now as essential viewing for all serious students of the art of cinema and storytelling. But will it be to study the moment the path of blockbuster filmmaking was altered, for the better and for good? The film that proved style and substance, thought-provoking and profit, need not be mutually exclusive? Or will it be to speculate, and lament, over what might have been?
+Vote with your wallet. Go see CLOUD ATLAS..
+Do you love playing games on your mobile phone? In recent years, the influx of people changing from the usage of personal computer users has definitely changed. Especially because of social media, the people of today prefer to use their cellphones to post social updates – which are why gaming has also been converted from PC to smartphone.
+But if you are someone who still prefers using a computer, but who has an interest in Android-specific game development, you can make the use of emulators. Two of the leading Android emulators in the market are Bluestacks and Nox.
+Both options are good to utilize, so which one should you be going for? In this article, we will provide you a deeper and comprehensive look at both of these services and decide on the better one to go for?
+What Is Nox?
+Nox is an android emulator that has been originally developed for Mac and Windows Operating Systems so that you can run Android applications and the Android operating system itself on your PC. It is used by around 150 million people found in more than 150 countries, using 20 different languages.
+The great thing about Nox is that you can enjoy this app fully free without having to encounter problems on advertisements or having to subscribe to any premium programs.
+Nox is designed by Nox Limited, which is a team of technical experts that are based in Hong Kong. The company is committed to bringing an open platform that helps Android software distribution.
+Technical Features:
+- Process Requirement: 2.2 GHz
+- RAM Requirement: 2 GB
+- Video Memory Requirement: 1 GB
+- Graphics Card Requirement: 1 GB
+- Keyboard Controls
+- Runs multiple instances at the same time
+- Macro Recorder
+- Enabling and disabling root access
+- Taking screenshots
+- Customization of screen resolution
+- Installing APK files
+Pros:
+- Using Nox is smooth and quick, and you will not encounter lagging problems.
+- Nox is a great partner for gaming applications.
+- Nox supports Windows and Mac.
+- The Nox emulator comes with a natural keyboard and gaming controls.
+- Nox supports Joystick’s control.
+Cons:
+- Can work slower or lag, especially with misuse
+What Is Bluestacks?
+Our second featured Android emulator is Bluestacks. It is a premium level application designed for Windows, which also allows you to operate an Android OS on your computer. Bluestacks is one of the most famous emulators that are currently available on the market.
+The company was launched way back in 2011, with the mission of bringing the energy and intensity of the mobile world to other kinds of devices. It is funded through the efforts of Samsung, Redpoint, Ignition Partners, Intel, Radar Partners, Andreessen-Horowitz, Qualcomm, and other types of devices. Since its humble beginnings, it has been recorded has been downloaded by users for over 130 million times.
+With Bluestacks, users will be able to enjoy Android games like PUBG, Fortnite, Clash of Clans, and other similar games. Users will also get to use applications like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc.
+Technical Features:
+- Disk Space Requirement: Minimum of 4 GB
+- RAM Requirement: 2 GB
+- Direct X 9.0 Or Higher
+- Works well with Windows, but recent development also features Mac
+Pros:
+- Sleek user interface
+- Multiple gaming options
+- Faster performance
+- Custom keymapping
+Cons:
+- Black screen/ blue screen issue
+- Some performance hiccups
+Features of Bluestacks VS Nox
+- Keyboard Mapping
+- Bluestacks – It allows the customization of keyboard controls based on the game and the user’s personal preference. Users can create different keymaps per game that they play. Specific keys will be available to be assigned in custom spots for tapping on your screen. You can also opt to use the mouse for aiming and shooting, which is actually perfect for games like PUBG, where shooting is a necessity. For a more straightforward approach, Bluestacks has also divided the most important controls into various categories. These make user customization much more comprehensive and easier.
+- Nox – Nox also allows its users to do keyboard mapping. They can also design their own personalized settings for their keyboards. This allows them to seamlessly play their favorite apps on the Nox Player. There is also a way to configure other keys to shoot at their enemies and release their skills.
+WINNER: TIE
+- Multi-Instance
+- Bluestacks – Most Android phones and tablets only allow access to 1 particular app or game at a time. With Bluestacks, users have the amazing ability to simultaneously access various games through the use of different Google Play accounts – imagine, all this all at once. Not just that, you can be much more extra by playing a singular game through different Google Play accounts at the same time.
+- Nox – Just like Bluestacks, Nox allows its users to operate multiple games simultaneously on several windows. This means you will be able to play the same kind of game with different types of Google Play accounts at the same time.
+WINNER: TIE
+- Performance
+- Bluestacks – According to the app developers, the latest version of Bluestacks operates six times faster than the processors of Galaxy S9+, and it is eight times faster than the last version of Bluestacks. It is also lighter in terms of storage compared to its past versions. After we have tested these claims, we can do say that the new Bluestacks behave quite smoothly in totality, and it has some rare lags as well. This can be frustrating for some, but there is no denying that Bluestacks has significantly improved compared to its former versions.
+- Nox – To maximize your user experience, the Nox Player provides the option of how much hardware you will integrate with your gameplay. Most of the time, about 2 to 3 cores of the computer’s CPU will be enough to support gaming. It is, of course, up to the user to figure out the proper balance, which is especially great if you are planning to use the emulator alongside different types of software. When the Nox Player is tested, it worked pretty great when a few types of games through using it. If you have a high-end computer running on Windows 10, the amazing software will allow you to enjoy the optimal performance you are looking for.
+WINNER: NOX
+- Android Compatibility
+- Bluestacks – While apps can be easily accessible in different operating systems, there are apps that have a more user-friendly version if it is made for Android. Through the use of Bluestacks, you will be able to access Android exclusives to your Windows PC seamlessly.
+- Nox – The Nox player was developed with Android version 4.4.2 as a foundation, which can be considered as quite an ancient version of this operating system. But what can be great about this type of arrangement is that you will be able to play old games that have not yet been updated for later Android versions. No worries, the Nox Player will be able to support other versions of Android – particularly, 5.1.1 and 7.1.2.
+WINNER: Bluestacks
+Side By Side Bluestacks Vs. Nox Comparison
+Stand Out Features of Bluestacks
+- Game Controls – BlueStacks allow you to play Android games with your preferred method, whether mouse, keyboard, and gamepad. Preset controls allow controllable gameplay, but the great thing about Bluestacks is that it allows customizable game control even with the tiniest of details. Some game controls are Tap Spot, Repeated Tap, D-Pad, Zoom, MOBA Skill Pad, Swipe, Free Look, Script, and Tilt.
+- MOBA Mode – BlueStacks allow playing different MOBA games with specialized control schemes. With this app, instead of the usual WASD keys, you will have the power to move your character through your mouse. With an isometric point-of-view, you will be able to move much faster.
+- Macros – In the recent update of BlueStacks, you can record any sequence of actions on any part of the Bluestacks app, even when starting from the home screen. You can connect it to a button on your keyboard or your mouse, and you can replicate them with 100 percent precision. This function is most effective In RPGs and conquest games. With Marcos, you can log into the game automatically and harvest the resources right away from the buildings in the city layout. Or, you can record a macro of you performing a power attack, assign a key to it, and immediately press it right away when you need it to happen right away.
+- Farm Mode – When you enable Farm Mode, your computer’s hardware will utilize minimum resources so that you can run multiple instances flawlessly. It will minimize the usage of the CPU, it can reduce screen brightness of each instance, and it produces lower FPS for each game.
+- Real-Time Translation – If you want to play the game in your native language, but it is not readily available in the game, you can access real-time language translation with BlueStacks. On the other hand, Westerners can also access games that are specifically released in Asian markets, like China, Korea, and Japan, and overcome the language barrier.
+Stand Out Features of Nox
+- Keyboard Control – Nox allows the setting up of keyboard actions for Android app operation. First, there is a control pad that provides the directional movement with eight options. It is also ideal for a joystick type of movement. There is also a gravity sensor that is the simulation of physically tilting the mobile phone or tablet. Next, there are also multiple strikes option that allows a person to select a key for a specific number of strikes to use within a game. There are other options like a crosshair, input keys, GPS icon, MOBA skill assistant, and a fire icon.
+- Screenshot – Nox allows a screenshot capturing of what is currently displayed in the game. All images get stored in the File Explorer.
+- Virtual Location – Nox allows the changing of GPS location. Unlike Android phones giving permission to your current location, Nox allows you to select any virtual location from the search bar in finding any area you like on Google Maps.
+- File Transfer – In this Nox setting, you will be able to share files from between your computer and your Nox app. It can be applications, images, and other types of files.
+- Macro Recorder – This feature records a sequence of actions that can be used to automate tasks and replay them as needed.
+- Video Recorder – This feature allows you to record your own videos, but this is an added plugin as an additional feature for your Nox app player.
+Conclusion
+Both Bluestacks and Nox are famous and favored Android emulator software that is available for users all over the world. They both have users that will vouch for their effectivity, and they can definitely make you have an Android gaming experience is better than it ever was before.
+So, which one should you go for?
+Choose Bluestacks if:
+- You prefer to go for the reputable and most used emulator brand.
+- You want to play multiple games simultaneously and replicate actions in real-time.
+- You want to play a foreign language game and have it translated.
+- You want to enable higher frame rates for easier gameplay.
+Choose Nox if:
+- You would prefer a faster and smoother emulator.
+- You enjoy playing higher graphics games.
+- You want a user-friendly interface.
+- You want to play multiple games using multiple accounts at the same time.
+Our recommendation is for you to download each one of these free android emulator software applications. It would help to use them for a little while and observe which one is a better fit for your gaming and usage habits. After all, the feel and the impression each one will leave will dictate which one would be the best one for your needs.
+Is it Un-American to Ask for a Discount?
+Every once in awhile I get a comment that just make me shake my head. Take, for instance, this one (edited for grammar and clarity) that an anonymous reader left on my article about asking for a discount:
+Don’t ask for discounts. It’s just tacky and rude. If you’re known as the “discount” person, you will get worse service because you’re not proftiable. Being cheap ruins the economy. Every “little” discount builds up and forces companies to downsize and in turn raise prices to compensate for discounts. Take a basic economics class and you will easily see how asking for discounts hurt America.
+For background, I was in the market for a dehumidifier. I picked one out online, verified that Lowes had it in stock, and headed across town to pick it up. Upon my arrival, I learned that they didn’t actually have it in stock, but they did have the next bigger size. Disappointed, I asked if they’d sell me the bigger (and more expensive) model at a discount to make it right. They agreed, I bought it, and everyone was happy. After all, it’s a free market.
+So… What do you think? Is it okay to ask for a discount? Or is it un-American to be careful with your money? Hmmm… Given the negative savings rate in this country, maybe it is un-American. Perhaps by saving money, we’re letting the terrorists win.
+What say you?
+Filed under: Frugality
+About the author: Nickel is the founder and editor-in-chief of this site. He's a thirty-something family man who has been writing about personal finance since 2005, and guess what? He's on Twitter!
+Related articles...» Kroger Gas Discount, Take Three
+» Turbo Tax Discount for Amex Customers (and Others?)
+» Kroger Gas Discount Comes to an End
+» Kroger Gas Discount Details (Sort of)
+» A Slice of the (Amazon) Pi
+» MyFICO Free Trial and 15% Discount Promo Code
+» Dreamhost Discount Code Revisited
+» Credit Card Surcharges vs. Cash Discounts
+Was this article useful? Please sign up to receive our content via e-mail:
+42 Responses to “Is it Un-American to Ask 12th, 2008 at 6:41 am
+I say the commenter in question would only be right if a pretty large percentage of Americans constantly asked for discounts. In your dehumidifier debacle, you were absolutely justified in asking for a discount. You didn’t want to spend more than you were planning to when you got there; however, you were confronted with the choice of either spending more than planned and wanted, or going home without a dehumidifier. Asking for and receiving the discount satisfied both your and Lowe’s’ needs: You got your dehumidifier, they got a sale and your money – and I’m sure they still made a profit off of you. On top of that, you’re now a happy customer who will continue to be willing to return to that store and give them more of your money for more products that chances are you won’t be asking for a discount on any time soon. It’s a net gain for all. As such, I don’t think Lowe’s will be downsizing any time soon on the basis of all those little discounts that in the grand scheme of things I’m sure they hardly give out (and really don’t hurt them all that much).
+I’ve taken economics and accounting classes in college, and all I learned was exactly the opposite of what the commenter stated – otherwise I don’t think I would have spent so much time trying to figure out all that net-10 mumbo jumbo. Companies give discounts to stay in business, not the other way around.
+September 12th, 2008 at 7:17 am
+We are one of the few nations in the world who doesn’t barter (I’m not sure if that’s the word I’m looking for….) when shopping. In fact in some countries store owners would be offended if you didn’t try to work them down on a price. I think it’s crazy that we don’t do this in America.
+We ask for a discount everywhere we go (specifically a military discount) and most people oblige. I’ve never heard people say that we are cheap and Dave Ramsey would be proud!
+Keep up the discount asking!!
+September 12th, 2008 at 7:30 am
+Heheheh…that’s one of the more ridiculous things I’ve ever heard.
+While yes, it may be “un-American” to ask for a discount, that’s just because most Americans don’t bother trying to haggle.
+As has been commented, everybody came out of this transaction happy. The only unhappy person was a 3rd party who had nothing to do with the transaction other than to live vicariously through it by reading an anonymous blog on the internet.
+September 12th, 2008 at 7:41 am
+We are one of the few nations in the world who doesn’t barter (I’m not sure if that’s the word I’m looking for….) when shopping.
+You mean “haggle”.
+September 12th, 2008 at 7:41 am
+I think its very sad that someone actually thinks this way.
+September 12th, 2008 at 8:09 am
+There is nothing wrong with asking for a discount.
+Like you said: free market. If the retailer can’t afford to do it, they can just say no.
+September 12th, 2008 at 8:19 am
+I ask for a discount everywhere, for everything. I’ve asked for discounts from mom and pop shops to large retailers. Every time I go into starbucks I ask for a discount and occasionally I get it.
+You don’t know unless you ask and many companies will not advertise discounts. I’ve often received a military discount by asking, had I not I would have paid full price!
+I also tend to ask for cash discounts, student discounts, and Eric discounts. Usually I get a laugh at the last one and they ask what’s that. I reply “My names Eric, do I get a discount for that.” It’s only worked twice but hey… It worked!
+September 12th, 2008 at 8:23 am
+Um duh! It’s fine to ask for a discount. They can say no afterall.
+September 12th, 2008 at 8:48 am
+Duh…FREE MARKET=Willing buyer+Willing seller. UN-American????
+September 12th, 2008 at 9:19 am
+Slippery slope arguments are pretty weak, and if everyone began asking for and getting discounts, then companies would just incorporate them into the price. Goodbye discount!
+September 12th, 2008 at 9:31 am
+I would say the exact opposite. It’s unamerican to not seek the best price for a product or service. If you simply take whatever price someone gives you then you are not working in a supply and demand economy, you are working in a “We control the supply, suck it up!” economy.
+They have it completely backwards.
+September 12th, 2008 at 10:19 am
+Everyone owes it to themselves to get the best deal. Given the structured natue of retail in the US getting a deal for products may be more difficult than for services (certain transactions like automobiles etc. excluded), but it never hurts to try to get a better price.
+Every penny out of your pocket is a penny in somebody else’s. Keep the money in your pocket.
+September 12th, 2008 at 10:26 am
+Agree with the free-market comments. What’s really going on here is that your emailer is the type of person who is too timid to ask for a discount – and he’s a little miffed that you got something he wouldn’t.
+Also, his rationale exhibits a zero-sum thinking regarding the marketplace. That is, if the retailer gives you a discount, then the retailer has to make that back up on a future customer. Of course that’s not how a business works – especially a volume seller like Lowe’s. They just sold another widget, maybe marginally less profitable, but their total profitability goes up because built into that widget’s price are the fixed costs of rents, labor, lights, etc.
+As for James’ comment – that’s exactly the Wal-mart business model – Everyday Low Prices (i.e. no special discounts).
+September 12th, 2008 at 10:42 am
+I’m with CJ above – the commenter made a baseless statement as fact which was really about their own emotional discomfort
+I don’t think you EVER need to feel uncomfortable asking for a discount – but in the situation where the store had wasted your time you should ABSOLUTELY have received one regardless of policy to keep the customer from being miffed and not returning . . .
+September 12th, 2008 at 11:12 am
+I agree with many others – the commenter who posted who stated that it was tacky and rude to ask for discounts is simply wrong, and likely a commission/retail person (my guess: car salesperson. . .).
+Asking for discounts is wise. As an example that may be helpful to fellow readers: Always ask for discounts on hospital/doctor bills (even with insurance already paying there share). I saved about $300 for the entire childbirth process billing – I asked for a discount and almost always got 10% without any haggling (I stated that I would pay in-full, immediately, if I got a discount).
+As a side note: how about the tackiness and ‘American-ness’ of retailers asking for inflated prices (car dealers come to mind)?
+September 12th, 2008 at 11:35 am
+I always ask and am not upset when they say no. I’ve found however I can usually get a better deal online. And most places won’t match the online price.
+So what’s the point of asking a screen?
+September 12th, 2008 at 11:46 am
+If you don’t ask you won’t get. Most other countries have a bartering system, here in US, we think it is beneath us. But when you ask many time you will get.
+September 12th, 2008 at 12:09 pm
+It is not tacky or rude to ask for a discount; however, it may be tacky and rude to keep asking after being told no.
+I sell professional services at an hourly rate in America, and I am occasionally asked by Americans to discount my rate. I actually respect them for asking, even when I say no. It shows they are mindful of value (why pay more if you don’t have to?). But they quickly loose my respect if they keep pushing the matter. I’ve actually only had that happen once and my impression was that they were simply cheep and not mindful of value at all.
+September 12th, 2008 at 12:47 pm
+It may be un-American, but that doesn’t mean it hurts America. Asking for a discount encourages an efficient ecomony, which helps America.
+Most of the time when I go shopping, now that I have a smart phone, I compare the cost of an item in store with the best price I can find online. If the difference is significant, I’ll show the price online to the manager and ask if he/she can match it, or at least come close. Most of the time they say no, and then I’ll just order it online and the store loses my business. Sometimes it works out though and both the business and I are happy.
+September 12th, 2008 at 1:11 pm
+I was reading a similar threat on another personal finance blog, The Simple Dollar, just last night. Your timing is creepy! Here’s a link to that discussion:
+September 12th, 2008 at 2:06 pm
+I am sure he pays full price for his car. The car salesman loves him.
+September 12th, 2008 at 2:50 pm
+HAH, what a joke! Bartering is bad a$$ i don’t care who you are.
+September 12th, 2008 at 4:28 pm
+Haggling is a form of negotiation where you find the most efficient price possible for two parties. Because the other option is simply for the transaction not to take place at all, which is *worse* for the economy than the discounted transaction price, i.e. you can count the sale on the books when it happens at a discounted price, not when it hypothetically *might* occur because it’s for sale at fixed price.
+It’s not tacky, nor rude to ask for a discount. It’s finding a price the market will bear, which is capitalism at its best. Use the market-mechanism and keep on asking for discounts. (I find the only time it’s tacky is when it’s already at an obvious discount. However, it is never rude.)
+September 12th, 2008 at 7:21 pm
+I can imagine the only real negative would be if one were aggressive/rude/disrespectful when asking for a discount. Also, not all sales people are comfortable with the question, so again treading lightly and respectfully-as you did- will go a long ways, particularly if you’re a repeat customer.
+Haggling is common in other countries, but it can get pretty ugly and unless you’re thick skinned, you can end up sc****d.
+BTW, like the “Eric discount”! Gonna try that one
+September 12th, 2008 at 10:25 pm
+I know this is not exactly on topic, but asking for a discount is like asking for free money. I just recently opened up a checking account for my teenage daughter. While the bank employee was completing the paperwork I saw a flyer on the desk called “refer a friend”. I asked about it, and I was awarded $50 for “referring” my daughter…and she also received $50 for opening the account. I gave her my $50. So, because I asked for it, she received $100.. which is more than she’ll receive in interest.. THE ENTIRE YEAR (if not the next few years).
+Always ask…
+Anyone want to earn $50? LOL
+September 13th, 2008 at 1:35 am
+Whether we like it, or not, we are participating in a global economy. Jobs like mine go to India every day, and if it represents value for companies, I have a hard time faulting it. I would rather buy a Honda or Toyota than a “domestic” car, even though my Toyota was probably built in the U.S.. As a society, we have to accept responsibility for penny-pinching ways. And, then we have to use the ingenuity we have shown in the past, and become the most competitive provider of goods and services. If we can’t do that, then, financially, probably not very many of us are going to be satisfied with our resulting economy.
+September 13th, 2008 at 10:39 pm
+Unless you had a knife to the Lowe’s sales rep’s throat… I say, no harm no foul.
+Last I checked, we are still running a free market… unless the terrorists got to us overnight.
+September 14th, 2008 at 3:14 am
+I think it’s a little over the top to proclaim discounts “un-American” and “tacky.” *sarcasm ahead*
+Does this include coupons that the retailer sends me? Is it any less “tacky” to hand over a poorly cut, torn & mangled piece of paper that came in the mail practically begging me to ask them for a discount? If you ask me, what’s really ruining the economy are all those endless flyers that come in the mail – it drives up the gas prices to have the postal employees driving to every single house bringing coupons that are tacky & un-American to use.
+You know, there’s a marketing tactic whereby retailers sell certain items below their cost in order to entice people to buy that item, with the hope that they’ll buy something else. Perhaps someone should abolish that practice because that company could go out of business that way.
+*end of sarcasm*
+I myself run a small business and will give a 10% discount automatically to almost anyone who asks. Do I advertise this? No, because that’s not the pricing structure or profit margin I’ve set; if it were, my prices would be 10% lower to begin with. But I don’t mind giving a discount if someone bothers to ask, and that makes them feel good for getting a better deal & they’re more likely to buy from me again.
+The fact is – most people don’t ask, and that’s what I & other retailers count on, which is why it is still a very active part of our retail pricing structure.
+What I learned in my econ 101 class is that prices are set at whatever the market will bear, and left to its own devices, the market will find its own equilibrium. And that includes a retailer choosing to sell an item at a lower price if that’s what is indicated by demand. If he goes out of business doing so, then frankly he needed to do a better job managing his business affairs.
+September 14th, 2008 at 1:10 pm
+Asking for a discount is ok. I work in retail and if people ask for a discount I quickly evaluate the situation and say yes or no. No harm, no foul on either party no matter the outcome.
+Now there is a difference between asking for a discount and just being a cheap jackass.
+September 14th, 2008 at 4:02 pm
+On the contrary, asking for a discount is the real American way!
+Since it would be good for the USA’s savings rate to increase, most things that promote savings are good.
+September 15th, 2008 at 2:31 pm
+People in north america (US and Canada) are affraid to barter and there is nothing unamerican with getting the best price possible. The markup on most products available in the stores is enormous so if the company selling the product isn’t able to turn a profit then they’re doing something wrong.
+Not to mention in this case Lowes is the company that is the middle man – they’ve got their own markup on the product. By selling you the better product at a discount they’re still making money on the sale and helping to move product keeping cash flow and revenue up. If you want to continue being silly then you can say not asking for the discount would have been the more unamerican thing to do in that situation because without it there would have been NO sale and thus NO profit for any company involved in the manufacture and eventual sale of the product. Imagine all the jobs impacted…
+September 15th, 2008 at 3:43 pm
+Un-American? Hardly. I don’t mind paying full freight for somethings, but I appreciate discounts where I find them. I live on the Gulf Coast and I just returned home from yet another mandatory evacuation. When making my reservations at a hotel in Memphis (400 miles from my home), I asked for the AAA discount on the three rooms I was booking. The night manager with whom I spoke asked me if I had anyone in my party over 65. I did, my parents, and she insisted on booking all three of my rooms with the seniors’ discount, even though each room would be paid for separately. The seniors’ discount was a significant savings, about $12 a night, over the $105/night AAA rate, which itself was about $10 lower than the standard rate. Total savings for us all for five nights: $330. Not an insignificant sum. And on top of that, their staff was stellar. Am I glad I asked for any discount? Heck, yes! Am I grateful for getting an even BETTER discount? You bet! And I’ll be recommending the Marriott chain to anyone who cares to listen, and probably a few who don’t. They definitely have my business from now on. From their perspective, probably worth every penny and more of that $330.
+September 15th, 2008 at 3:59 pm
+I always ask for discounts when I’m doing anything. Heck, I get mad at myself if I forget to ask! As the previous commenters have said, it is great PR for companies to make their customers happy. If 10% off of a 200% marked up item makes a happy customer, then the retailers are smart to do it!
+September 15th, 2008 at 6:23 pm
+Tacky! Since when does buying a dehumidifier require being mindful of social graces?
+September 15th, 2008 at 7:40 pm
+You are such a communist, Nickel. You want the terrorists and socialists to win, don’t you!!
+Of course ask for a discount in situations like this; to not would be stupid.
+September 16th, 2008 at 5:09 pm
+If I get a discount on an item, that means I have more beer money. What’s more American than buying beer with discount savings?
+September 17th, 2008 at 9:44 am
+I have an undergraduate degree in Economics and I can’t figure out what the commenter is talking about. After all, in a free market, the seller always has the right to say “no”. Unless things have really changed, Supply and Demand still dictate price.
+September 18th, 2008 at 10:43 pm
+Everyone has an “asking price” so why not do a little “asking” yourself? When a sale is made, it is always a good deal, whether at the asking price or at a reduced price. For that matter, it’s a good deal at a higher price as well, as long as both parties agree.
+If it wasn’t a good deal for both parties, then the deal would not be consumated.
+Clair
+September 18th, 2008 at 10:49 pm
+As a retail manager, I will tell you that every single one of the entitlement attitudes that involve asking for a discount are completely unsolicited.
+No one owes you anything. How would you like it if I charged you more arbitrarily? If you think about it, asking for a discount is extremely rude, it implies cheapness. If you can’t afford a product or service that has VALUE for a fair price then you should save your money and wait until a better deal comes along.
+It makes it especially uncomfortable if someone tried to “Haggle” with me and I refuse (company policy, etc) and they keep asking because they assume that I am being dishonest. If you’d like a discount instead of showing a sense of entitlement and arrogance, try being a good person and good things will come your way.
+That’s how I dole out my discounts.
+September 19th, 2008 at 6:24 pm
+Matt,
+While I understand where you’re coming from, who says what you’re charging is a fair price? Like you said, you could just jack the price up arbitrarily, right?
+Back when I was a retail manager myself, I didn’t dole out discounts to people who gave me the impression that they were asking for discounts on damn near everything either, but considering this was in an amusement park, I was more lenient in giving out discounts to people for the sake of making the sale. We’re a small company, our prices do seem unreasonable to most (ourselves included, but hey, we get a 60% employee discount – that alone should tell you quite a bit), but it certainly does help to explain to potential customers why our prices are what they are – the fact that we’re a small company separate from the park, we use very, very expensive equipment to make our merchandise (even if the end product is only 50c worth of materials), and the park takes a considerable amount of our sales for themselves. This explanation alone is usually enough to convince them. If not, I’ll see what I can do, maybe make a useless phone call for a really hard case, but in the end it’s always better for us to make a sale at 35% off (our steepest built-in discount) than no sale at all.
+September 21st, 2008 at 3:49 pm
+The free-market is in its truest and most efficient form when haggling is taking place. The seller knows his bottom dollar and the buyer knows his or her top dollar. Believe me, no one in a healthy haggling scenario is getting ripped off — the seller typically just has to give up a bit of his profit margin (again, this is voluntary — either party can walk away and choose not to deal).
+One of the best things I’ve been consistently able to haggle over is the price of new shoes. Go to the shoe stores at the end of the month and ease into the conversation with the salesperson by saying “gee, I really like this pair, but I just can’t spend over $X.” In my experience, the salesperson will be the first to suggest adjusting the price.
+May 7th, 2013 at 1:35 pm
+I like the valuable information you supply for your articles.
+I will bookmark your blog and take a look at again here regularly.
+I am slightly sure I will learn many new stuff right right here!
+Best of luck for the next!
+Wagon Boss
+by R.M. Peck
+National Tribune
+11 Aug, 1904
+The town we passed through on this route showed plainly already the devastating effects of the war; streets deserted: business houses all closed up, without an exception; many of the dwellings abandoned, with windows and doors broken out; not a white man, or even a good sized boy, to be seen; if any are remaining among the few families of women and children, they prudently go into hiding on the approach of armed me; now and then a few negroes are found remaining to look after their master’s families, while the men are off in the rebel army.
+Some of these devoted old servants seem to think it their duty to stay and look after their master’s interests, now that he is gone, and refuse to avail themselves of the opportunity to assert their freedom; but the great majority of them are prompt to light out to
+Kansas and freedom as soon as they find the
+way open. many of the rebels, however, have taken their slaves, and as they can
+move, further south to keep them out of the reach of the “D____d Yankees.”
+The farms also show the ravages of war: fences thrown down or destroyed- mostly burned for firewood by passing bodies of troops of one army or the other; fields and orchards grown up in weeds; livestock nearly gone, especially mules and horses; little or no crops have been raised during the past season, and less will be produced the next. The country being overrun first by rebels and then Federals, what one doesn’t take or destroy the other does; between the two armies this border country seems destined to become a desert waste.
+After I left the Indian Brigade at Flat Rock Creek last Fall, taking George Anderson’s train back to Fort Scott, General Wier, being unable to drive the rebels out of Fort Gibson, had moved eastward into Missouri and Arkansas, to find forage and subsistence for his command, and joining General Blunt’s army had seen and participated in some lively fighting at Cane Hill, Prairie Grove, Shirley’s Ford, and a few lesser fights; and after driving the rebel army of General Hindman south to Fort Smith, the Indian Brigade, with some white troops, had been left at Elm Springs, Arkansas, to winter.
+Early in the Spring (1863)- just a few weeks before our present trip- this command (the Indian Brigade) had moved toward Fort Gibson again, from Maysville, Arkansas, which place the rebels, under Cooper and Stand Watie, evacuated as our men advanced, falling back across the Arkansas River, where they established a camp called Fort Davis.
+It was in the fight near the site of old
+Fort
+Wayne, near , October 22, 1862, that
+Captain Henry Hopkin’s company of the 2d Kansas Cavalry had made a gallant
+charge on a rebel battery, and captured the guns, but the enemy had got away
+with the caissons. The outfit we were now taking to Maysville,
+Arkansas Fort
+Gibson was intended to complete the
+battery for Hopkins.
+In the vicinity of the
+Fort Wayne fight, as we passed along the
+road, we saw plenty of signs of the battle of six months previous; such as dead
+horses and mules, broken down wagons, pieces of tents and tent poles, camp
+kettles, broken muskets and old bayonets, belts and cartridge boxes, etc. And
+such rubbish was strung along the road for several miles beyond the battle ground, showing that the
+enemy had left there in a hurry and somewhat demoralized.
+Tahlequah, the capital of the Cherokee Nation, 18 miles east of Fort Gibson, was a small village, containing, for an Indian town, some very respectable brick houses; and although now deserted, except for a few families of women and children, it looked as though its prosperous times of peace it might have contained a population of 200 people. Two miles west of the town, on the road to
+, we passed a large
+brick building which, before the war, was their Male Seminary. Three miles
+south of the Male Seminary is another little hamlet called Park Hill, near
+which is the Female Seminary, a building similar to the other. The wealthy
+people finish up the education of their young men and young ladies by sending
+them to some of our Eastern institutions of learning. Fort
+Gibson
+The Cherokees are well advanced in civilization, and many of them are well educated- even refined. They have a written language; a printing office in Tahlequah, and before the war published a paper in Cherokee and English. Some of the mixed bloods show so little of the Indian that I was surprised to find blue-eyes, flaxen-haired, light-complexioned people here called Cherokee Indians.
+They do not seem to flock together and dwell in towns as much as one would naturally expect from their aboriginal habit of living in villages, but are scattered out through the Nation, engaged in farming and stock raising- principally the latter. Many of the mixed-bloods were wealthy, before the war began, owning large numbers of slaves, horses, cattle and other stock, and living in comfortable and commodious houses, nicely furnished, and with many modern conveniences.
+In some of their houses I saw pianos, fine mirrors, fine furniture, paintings, fine carpets, and many other nice things that one would not expect to find among Indians; and in their barns I saw some fine carriages and harness, but the most of their good horses and mules had disappeared. The country was yet full of other stock, however, on our advent, such as cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry.
+I was surprised at the scarcity of towns in so extensive a settled country; for, besides Tahlequah and Park Hill,
+is the only other town I remember to have found in the Cherokee Nation- and I
+have since been over most of it. Fort Gibson seems to the trade
+center. Outside of these places there were few country stores scattered through
+the settlements. Fort
+Gibson
+At
+we found the
+Indian Brigade getting itself pretty comfortably established on the site of the
+camp recently vacated by the rebels. The principle buildings are taken for
+Commissary and Quartermaster’s stores, hospitals, officer’s quarters, and other
+public purposes. The place is built in the style of a military post, which it
+was until abandoned by Uncle Sam a few years before the war. It is located on
+the south or left bank of Grand River, two miles from its mouth at the Fort
+Gibson Arkansas. On the
+opposite bank of the Arkansas River the rebel
+pickets are stationed.
+Next day after our arrival we turned over our battery outfit to Captain Hopkins’ company, the train unloaded its cargo, and with its escort started back by the same route to
+;
+Jeff Anthony and crew of battery drivers going with it, except myself. I got my
+time from Jeff for my services on the trip, and moved my blankets and “ Fort Scott Saratoga” to the camp of
+the 2d Indian train, where I took a six-mule team to drive temporarily.
+Here in the 2d Indian train I again met my old acquaintance, Pat Hagan, the gambler, whom I and some comrades had brought away from Fort Union, New Mexico, in the Winter of 1859-60, to save him from being hanged by a Mexican mob, and whom we had again met at Lost Springs, Kansas, in November 1861, operating with a gang of “Jayhawkers;” all of which I have mentioned in my narrative entitled “Rough Riding on the Plains.” Pat was now driving an ambulance connected with the train of the 2d Indian regiment, and incidentally playing a little poker when he found an opportunity to “skin” some man.
+As the regimental train already had a competent and satisfactory Wagon Boss and Assistant, Bill Richmond and Hugh Poland, I opposed Colonel “Shorty’s” offer to “fire” one of them in order to give me the place, and told him I would prefer to wait for an opening elsewhere. In the train of the 1st Indian regiment, camped close by us, I found a number of my old teamsters still with the outfit that I had transferred to the Indian Brigade at
+.
+Abe Merrill, my former lead “skinner,” is now Wagon Boss of that train. Humboldt, Kansas
+I kept my eyes and ears open inquiring for a prospective opening for a Wagon Master, and after some time heard that Captain Chester Thomas, the Brigade Quartermaster, was in need of one. I asked Colonel “Shorty” to go up to Captain Thomas’ office and introduce me, which he cheerfully did, recommending me in the highest terms as “a first-class and thoroughly competent Wagon Master.”
+I told Captain Thomas (who, by the way, was an old man, a
+Kansas politician, and
+quite an eccentric character) that I had heard that he needed a Wagon Master,
+and I was looking for a job of that kind.
+The old captain took his quid of tobacco out of his mouth and stood reflecting rolling it between his thumb and finger (a habit he had) as he answered:
+“I have a Wagon Master- or at least a man drawing the salary- but he ain’t worth a D--n, and never will be, in that capacity. . He’s a son-in-law of mine; a good-enough fellow- that is, a good farmer or something of that sort- but he’s out of his element in this teaming business, and has just fairly run my train into the ground. Yes, on the whole, I guess I may safely say I need a Wagon Master, and need one bad.” And looking me over, he added: “You couldn’t have brought a better endorser. Although ‘Shorty’ has only been with us a short time, he is fast proving himself a first-class officer- one of them old Regulars, you know, that knows everything about military service- and what ‘Shorty’ says goes. I think it would suit me, but maybe the job won’t suit you. It’s a hard-looking outfit new. Maybe, after you see it you won’t want to have anything to do with it. Come, go up to the corral with men, and I’ll show you the lay-out, and then if you think you can reconstruct the rawhide outfit you can have the job.”
+“But, Captain,” I interposed, “I don’t want to rob your son-in-law of his position>”
+“O, he be blanked,” exclaimed the old man, “He’s no earthly account there. The longer he stays with it the worse the outfit gets, and he’s got to get out when I can find a man who can run the train. He’s just letting the teamsters run the whole shebang and him too. I’ll find him some sort of soft job about my office. He’ll be glad to give up the train. It’s a devil of an outfit; and them teamsters- they’re pizen. Have you got a good six-shooter?”
+I told him I had.
+“Have you got the nerve to shoot some of them infernal rascals if they undertake to run you over?”
+I told him that I had been used to commanding such fellows, and thought if he would give me good backing I could manage them.
+“You’ll bet I’ll stand by you,” replied the old man, “and give you all the help you want if you’ll only just fetch ‘en to time, and make ‘em do their duty- show ‘em that you’re going to be Boss. But you’ll have trouble with ‘em. They’re a hard lot, Injins, niggers and no-account white men. You see, we can’t discharge a man very often here, because we can’t find one to take his place. You’ll just have to keep ‘em and punish ‘em like they do soldiers, when they don’t do what you tell ‘em. I’ll give you the whole force of the provost guard, if it’s necessary, to enforce your orders. Lindley (that’s my son-in-law) is afraid of ‘em, and he just let’s ‘em run the shebang.”
+When I reached the camp it make me feel almost sick of my bargain to see what a ragged, rawhide outfit it really was. The wagons were scattered about in the utmost disorder, as if each skinner had located his wagon to suit himself, which was really the case- some of them facing one way, some another, no semblance of any alignment or parking. Some had bows and sheets, some had none; harness scattered here and thereon the ground; most of it had been thrown down just where it had been stripped off the mules as they stood in team at stopping, without the traces being unhooked from the single trees; mules- a hard-looking lot of half-starved things- tied here and there, some to the wagons, some to trees, and some staked out on bare ground. The wagons nearly all needed repairing, harness ditto, and half the mules barefooted. Out of the 25 teams I don’t think there were six in serviceable condition.
+The teamsters- a motley-looking lot- instead of showing some deference to their Quartermaster as we passed among them, paid no more respect to Captain Thomas, as he expressed it, “than if he was a common Justice of the Peace.”
+When he asked one of them, as we approached a group who were playing cards, “Where’s Mr. Lindley?” He was answered with an indifferent “Don’t know,” as they went on with their game.
+After looking the outfit over, the old man asked me, “Well, what do you think of the lay-out?”
+“Well, Captain,” I answered in rather a discouraging tone, “it’s the hardest-looking outfit I ever struck; but if you will give me the necessary assistance I will tackle the job and try to rebuild mules, wagons, and harness.”
+“You can rely on all the help within my command,” he replied, “and if you will straighten out that bunch of rawhide mules and scraps of wagons and harness, and get ‘em into some semblance of a train I’ll say you’re the best Wagon Master I ever saw.”
+“Have you a blacksmith and wagon shop and a harness shop, and material for repairs?”
+“Yes.”
+“And will you give me an order on these shops for what work I want done?”
+“I’ll place the shops and workmen at your command.”
+“All right.” Then I added, “I don’t think, from the looks of things, that your Assistant Wagon Master can be a competent man. Will you provide him some other jib, and allow me to select my Assistant?”
+“Certainly, pick you’re man and bring him on.”
+“Well, Captain, if you will notify Mr. Lindley of the change, and have him to give notice to the teamsters that I am to be their future Boss I’ll take charge in the morning, if that suits you.”
+“It’s a whack!” exclaimed the old Captain, apparently glad to unload the outfit onto my shoulders.
+Just them Mr. Lindley approached, and Captain Thomas introduced me, and explained the arrangements we had made. Mr. Lindley seemed as glad as the old man to find someone to take the ugly job off his hands.
+I found him a much better man than the Captain’s disparaging remarks had led me to believe; but he seemed to have no conception of the management of a mule train, nor any desire to acquire the necessary knowledge or experience. It was entirely out of his line.
+At my suggestion he called his “skinners” together and informed him that I had been employed to run the train, which information they received in a sullen sort of way, as though they already saw from my looks or manner that they would not probably have their own way so much in future as they had been used to.
+“Mr. Lindley,” I remarked in hearing all, “I have made arrangements with the Captain here to bring my own Assistant Wagon Master with me. I will be sorry to throw your Assistant out of a job, but the Captain has promised to provide him with other employment, so that he will not suffer by the change. I will be here in the morning after breakfast to take charge.”
+As we walked back to the Quartermaster’s office Lindley remarked:
+“I don’t want to discourage you, Mr. Peck, but I think I ought to warn you that you have assumed the command of a tough lot of men. Several of those fellows have the name of being desperate men and man-killers. You may be used to such fellows, and know how to manage them, but for my part I must confess there are several men in that outfit that I have been afraid to offend. There’s old Isaac Marshall, and his big son, Louie, and Steve Forman and John Smith- each of whom are said to have killed a man or two, and I don’t want to be the next victim of either of them.”
+“There’s just where you made you’re mistake, Mr. Lindley,” I suggested. “You allowed those fellows to find out that you would rather not have any trouble with them, and they were going to keep you in that way of thinking.”
+“That is,” interjected Captain Thomas, with more bluntness than I had used, “they soon found out that Lindley was afraid of them, and by bluster they have scared him into letting them have their own way in everything.”
+“It is in my line of business to control such fellows,” I concluded, without openly endorsing the Captain’s plain way of putting it. “We frequently find such men among mule-skinners, and although I’m not much of a killer I’m a pretty good bluffer, and in such affairs I find that a stiff bluff is all that is necessary. I am going to make them believe at the start that I am going to be master, and I’ll never let them lose sight of that idea. I’ll keep them at a distance and in their places, allowing no familiarities, for you know ‘familiarity breeds contempt’ the world over. I’ll show them that I am thoroughly posted in my duties and theirs, and require them to perform their work well and promptly. I carry a good pistol and know how to use it when necessary, but it is more for ornament than use- just to be fashionable, you know- just to put me on equal footing with other men who carry them. When I’m among people who don’t carry arms I don’t want a gun; but when I’m among men who go armed I find it’s a good plan to be in the fashion. And among these rough fellows the fact of a man’s having a good revolver hung to him will often save him from being imposed upon.”
+“your head’s level!” exclaimed the Captain. “You’ve got that subject down fine. I believe you’ll know how to handle those fellows, but if you find it necessary to make an example of some fellow, and kill him, don’t hesitate to do it. You shall have no trouble about it. Or if you want to put one in the guard-house occasionally, or administer military punishment of any kind, I’ll arrange to have the guard instructed and ready to take care of them for you.”
+“All right, Captain, but I don’t anticipate any serious trouble.” And then we parted.
+On going back to take charge of the train in the morning, Lindley was there to render me any assistance, or give any information in his power. I had brought one of my old teamsters, Simpson, as my Assistant. I found that the skinners were all messing together instead of being divided into convenient small messes, and they had also appropriated the Wagon Boss’s tent, as Lindley had allowed them to do- he having been messing and staying with Captain Thomas.
+I told the men what many of them already knew, that the tent was for the Boss, and the teamster’s place was with his wagon, and directed them to gather up their stuff and go to their places. I also informed them that as soon as ration day came around again I should divide them up into proper messes of five to six men, in regulation style, and also would organize my own mess.
+I had given them my orders to pick up their harness off the ground where they had dropped it and hang it onto their hindwheels- wheel harness first, swing’ next- and leaders’ on top- and to put their collars and bridles under the wagons. While some of them were complying with this order, one big mulatto fellow, Louie Marshall, stepped up and began to inform me that:
+“Lindley allows us to...”
+I shut him up instantly with “
+“That’ll do, sir! When you speak of your Wagon Master put ‘Mister’ before his name. I don’t care to know what Mr. Lindley did or didn’t do. I’m running this outfit, now, and I think I understand my business. I don’t want any of your advice or suggestions. You do just what I tell you to do, and do it promptly, and you’ll have no trouble.” And I give him a look that must have convinced him that he had better obey my orders without trying to argue the question, for after looking at me for a moment he mumbled out some apology for speaking and moved off with alacrity and hung up his harness as directed. And this was one of Lindley’s desperadoes.
+Thereafter, whenever opportunities occurred, I took particular pains to give my orders to these bullies- these dangerous men of whom Lindley had warned me to beware- in a very decisive manner, and also to require their prompt obedience. I gave them to understand that they would be allowed no special privileges, as heretofore, nor shown any favors above the other men- that all must obey orders alike, and do their duty promptly. I knew that if these worst ones were brought to proper discipline I would have no trouble with the others, and therefore devoted my special attention to them. They soon seemed to arrive at the conclusion that I was going to be master there, and would put up with no foolishness; and although for a while they were a little sullen, they gave me more prompt obedience than I had expected.
+As may be imagined I was kept very busy for some time reconstructing that rawhide outfit. But I kept the teamsters and workmen at the shops busy. The foremen of the blacksmith, wagon and harness shops were a little sulky at first about doing all the work I was taking them, for they, too, had been doing about as they pleased previously. But when they found that Captain Thomas was backing me, and were told that if they didn’t do my work promptly he would get other men who would, they came to nicely.
+As the young spring grass was now getting good growth I had the mules that were not needed for work kept out on herd everyday from daylight till dark, instead of having them tied up to the wagons most of the time, as had been the rule, and the poor beasts soon began to show a great improvement in flesh on their bones and new coats of hair.
+Most of the skinners seemed to soon take up the new order of things, and evinced considerable interest in the reconstruction of the train, which I was carrying out. But still some of them seemed desirous of trying me now and then in some new way. Among other things they appeared to want to find out whether I could use the fine ivory-handled navy that I carried on my belt, and if it was just for ornamental purposes I carried it. In those days I kept myself in good practice, and could shoot pretty well at short distances of from 20 to 30 steps.
+I had bought a turkey from a woman who came around selling poultry, and kept it staked out near my tent, tied by the leg, feeding it up for a future dinner. One day a skinner came rushing into the tent to tell me that my turkey had got loose. Going out I found the bird walking off through the weeds, and from the looks and actions of the teamsters who had gathered around I felt sure that some of them had turned it loose for devilment. I knew the turkey would be difficult to catch, and concluded that I would just shoot it as the surest way. When some of the boys offered to run it down for me I suspected that it was a ruse to run it off, and so told them to keep quiet and I would stop the fowl.
+Taking out my pistol I walked quickly up to good shooting distance, and as I could only see its head and neck bobbing through the weeds as it walked I thought it would be too difficult to hit the head, and there fore made a careful estimate of about where the body was and fired, aiming to hit the larger part.
+The turkey dropped, and I supposed that I had hit where I aimed to, in the body. I told one of the negro boys to pick it up and take it to the cook, and returning my pistol walked back to my tent. When the bird was picked up I heard a shout from the fellow whom I had sent for it, and on asking what was the matter, he answered:
+“Why, Boss, you done shot its head clean off!”
+“Of course,” I answered, as though it was just what I had intended. “Where did you suppose I was going to hit it?”
+They expressed great astonishment and admiration of my marksmanship, as they passed the turkey around for inspection, and appeared to jump at the conclusion that in their new Boss they had found a crack pistol shot and that this was but an ordinary exhibition of his skill. I wisely concluded to rest on the fame and that this chance shot had given me as an expert, and to give no further exhibition of my dexterity.
+I heard one of the skinners remark in earnest admonition to his comrades as he joined the crowd who had been looking on from a distance:
+“Fellers, don’t you fool with him, don’t you fool with him! He’s a bad one! Jest took out his pistol, cool as you please, an stuck it out without hardly lookin’ at the turkey, an’ turned loose an’ shot its head off clean as if you’d cut it off with a knife. Bet you he kin put them bullets jest where he wants to every time. I tell you, don’t you pester him.”
+This seemed to satisfy them as to my ability to handle a pistol, and as I prudently avoided giving any further test of my reputation rested on that accident. I often, however, in practicing in those days could put five out of six balls inside the size of a playing card at 20 steps (and this was about the only use I made of cards). But in this instance the hitting of the turkey’s head had been purely accidental.
+In those days I was also an expert “rough rider,” and if anyone could bring me a wild horse or mule that was difficult to ride I would accept it as a favor, and take great delight in saddling and riding it. It seems strange to me now that I, or anyone having common sense, could be so foolish as to risk neck- or limb-breaking for fun, and I would not be guilty of such folly now for big money. But in the days of my youth and foolishness I used to believe and declare that there never was a horse or mule that I couldn’t ride.
+I found this riding-mule that Lindley had turned over to me was a very inferior beast, and so began looking through the teams to select another. The mules were all so worn and starved out and poor, that it was a hard matter to find one with life enough to suit me. The Quartermaster had been receiving a few contraband or captured mules, but these also were rather scrawny. As usual somebody else had got away with the good ones and only the scrubs were turned in to Uncle Sam.
+There was one fine-looking mule, however, among the contrabands that had been turned over to Captain Thomas, and on expressing my surprise that such an animal had not been gobbled up before it reached the Quartermaster’s hands, I was told that the probable reason was the mule was found to be such a vicious devil that no one could handle him. He had been christened “
+Jim Lane”
+after our Kansas
+senator, as Captain Thomas explained, “because he’s so tricky.”
+I decided to try “Jim Lane” for a riding mule, and ordering one of the teamsters to lead him down to my tent and tie him to the wheel of my mess wagon, so that I could saddle him up and ride him, I was amused at the surprised and consternation manifested among the skinners at the idea of my riding “Jim Lane,” There were a number of good riders among them, but none, it seemed, had cared to tackle this “wicked devil,” as they called him. I knew that my riding that mule would convince them that I possessed still another enviable accomplishment, in the eyes of the average skinner- another confirmation of my abilities as a Wagon Boss.
+Some of the teamsters tried to dissuade from the undertaking, declaring that I would certainly get hurt and maybe killed. Whether they thought so, or were only trying to scare me out of the notion, it only made me more determined to show them that I could ride that mule.
+I had an excellent saddle- a Mexican tree- and had tested its adaptability and strengths in many a tussle with wild mules and bronchos. After “bucking” Jim Lane to the side of the wagon, a process familiar to mule whackers, and making ready to saddle him, old Isaac Marshall, an old darky with a bad record- one of the so-called bad men of the train- came up to add his discouragement to those already volunteered by the groups of skinners who stood around.
+“What, boys!” he exclaimed in apparent astonishments, directing his remarks to the bystanders. “He shorley ain’t a-gwin’ ter try ter ride that fightin’ devil! Did you tell him what a bad mule he is?”
+“Yes, we done tol’ him,” one fellow answered, “but don’t make a bit o’ differ’nce. He won’t lis’en to us.”
+After a pause, as I seemed to pay no attention to these remarks, old Isaac ventured to advise me:
+“Say, Boss, is you got any family? ‘Cause if you is, you’d better leave word with Mr. Simpson, or somebody, where to write to ‘em to let ‘em know what ‘come of you.”
+Without making any reply to such “joshing” I went on saddling the mule, and with Simpson’s assistance soon had him bridled and cinched up in good shape.
+In riding a wild animal I always used a good, strong crupper to my saddle. This is especially useful on a mule, as they are so low in front that without a crupper to hold the saddle back to its place they will often “buck” it onto their withers and thus easily throw the rider over their heads.
+After getting him saddled I released the “Honorable Jim” from the wagon wheel and let him play around at the end of the lariat until he seemed satisfied that he couldn’t buck the saddle off, and then drew him up to me gently, got two men to hold him by the bit, one on each side; coiled up the lariat and tied it to the horn of the saddle, unbuckled my belt and handed my pistol to Simpson, mounted and gave the word, “Turn him loose!”
+And such a circus as I had then in the next few minutes? That mule tried all the tactics he was master of- bucking, kicking, trying to reach my legs with his teeth, kicking at my feet, and finally crowding me up to a wagon and trying to rake me off.
+At this stage of the game I put the spurs to him and let him out down the road to Tahlequah, and kept him going pretty lively for several miles. When he seemed somewhat subdued and willing to behave like I thought a Senator’s namesake should I turned him around and rode back to camp. He was just tired enough to be very docile just them, but not yet entirely subdued, and I had a similar circus with him everyday for sometime before I could say he was “broke.”
+During the time that I had been with the 2d Indian train before I had got the job of running Captain Thomas’ train I had amused myself by riding some wild contraband mules, to gentle them a little for Richmond, the Wagon Master of that outfit.
+Shortly after Colonel “Shorty” had occasion to send out a mounted scouting party of his Indians, and having no horses to mount them on, he ordered
+Richmond
+to bring some mules that would do for his soldiers to ride. Richmond brought up, among the lot, some of
+the contrabands that I had ridden, and as they seemed rather skittish “Shorty”
+asked,
+“Wagon Master, have these mules ever been ridden?”
+“Yes, sir,” said
+Richmond,
+“Peck used to ride ‘em.”
+“”O, thunder! That won’t do!” exclaimed “Shorty.” “Don’t bring me mules that nobody but Peck has ever ridden. I know that Peck! He’d ride the devil if he could get a rope on him! Bring me mules that anyone can ride!”
+RUSH: Westchester, New York. This is Steve. Thank you, sir. You're first. It's great to have you here.
+CALLER: Great to be here, Rush, and thank you from the bottom of my heart for you standing up for the Constitution like you do. I have two quick comments. One tongue-in-cheek and one very serious. The tongue-in-cheek one is I feel that the advertisers that advertise on the Spike TV channel should boycott Spike TV until he apologizes for what he's done.
+RUSH: (laughing.) Well, wait a minute now, Spike has apologized.
+CALLER: Oh, did he? I missed that. When did that come about?
+RUSH: A couple days ago. He apologized for giving out the wrong address. He didn't apologize for giving out the address. He apologized for getting it wrong and promised to get it right next time.
+CALLER: Yeah, okay.
+RUSH: He called the two people and he made peace with 'em.
+CALLER: Oh, okay, okay.
+RUSH: After he did that Roseanne Barr got ticked off, so she tweeted out their address, since Spike had apologized. I'm not kidding. Roseanne Barr did.
+CALLER: Oh, it never ends, does it?
+RUSH: No, never does.
+CALLER: But on the serious side of things, the American citizen, if Obamacare goes down, the American citizen gets their protection that the Constitution affords them. But, on the other side of the coin, the American taxpayer needs protection from the cost of everything that has occurred with this monstrosity of a bill. Even before it got to the Supreme Court this has to have cost the American taxpayer $200 million. Now, why doesn't that factor into the federal deficit if it gets voted down? We should be refunded.
+RUSH: You're not serious. You're just trying to make a point. You don't expect to be paid back for the cost of this, do you?
+CALLER: Well, I would love to see the proponents of these bills be confronted with --
+RUSH: That's not gonna happen. That's totally unrealistic. In fact, it's the other end of the spectrum you need to be looking at. The day after the first day of oral arguments, it might have been after the second day, the IRS announced that they were hiring 4,000 new agents to be able to meet the requirements of Obamacare. IRS, 4,000 new agents. Those 4,000 new agents are primarily going to be tracking down people who don't buy health insurance so that they can be fined. Four thousand new agents.
+BREAK TRANSCRIPT
+RUSH: I am Rush Limbaugh, half my brain tied behind my back just to make it fair.
+Roseanne Barr tweeted the address of George Zimmerman's parents after Spike Lee apologized for tweeting the address of the old people he thought were in the house where George Zimmerman lived.
+Okay, Open Line Friday. We move on to Cindy in Walled Lake, Michigan. Great to have you on the program. Hi.
+CALLER: Hi, Rush, how are you?
+RUSH: Very well. Thanks very much.
+CALLER: Good. I just went grocery shopping and as I was checking out I saw that Trayvon is on the cover of People magazine, and I was furious. What bothered me is that everybody is so focused on this story and there's so many important things going on --
+RUSH: Well, wait a minute now, it's People magazine. It's not exactly The Economist.
+CALLER: No, I understand that. But if all the people that buy People magazine, if all of these celebrities that are focused on this story would focus their attention on our troops that are in Afghanistan. Where they're not wanted and they're now sleeping under the guardian angels program, which is where the troops are sleeping and then have other troops who have to stay awake and stand over them while they're sleeping so that they're protected. Where the officers have to turn the desk facing the door so they know who's walking in their offices. Where 300 advisers have left the country and will not come back until safety precautions are enacted --
+RUSH: Cindy, let me share your frustration. I know exactly how you feel, and I know exactly what you're thinking, too. And, by the way, this picture of Trayvon Martin on the cover of People is three years old --
+CALLER: Exactly --
+RUSH: -- showing a 13- or 14-year-old picture of him. Now, here's the thing. I experience what you are experiencing. You know I'm a big football fan. I love the National Football League. I know a lot of people there, players, general managers, owners and so forth. I want to make sure what I say this right. It's a thought that hits me every day. I've never tried verbalizing it, so I'm winging it here. But I read the sports media -- this is not a criticism of the sports media. I read the sports media, and I listen to and read quotes from athletes and so forth. And I ask myself, "Do these people know what's going on in the country or do they care about what's going on in the country?" You've got People magazine, there's Trayvon Martin on the cover, and you're wondering, we're losing the country --
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: -- and why isn't everybody on board? Why isn't everybody on board with this? Why doesn't everybody understand what's at stake? I have the same reaction. I know there's a sports section of the paper, and there's a sports section here and it's independent and different, and I'm not suggesting that that change. I just sometimes wonder if, for example, take a popular actor or a popular athlete or football player, and if we ever found out what they think about what's going on, what kind of chance to influence sports fans would there be in a positive way? Now, athletes are never gonna do this. I'm whistling Dixie here, especially those who are popular and big enough to endorse, because they don't want to alienate half the audience by expressing --
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: -- a political opinion. I understand that. Still, the times to me are so drastic that I look at whatever the group is, be it athletes, sports teams, in your case the pop culture, acting community or whatever entertainment community, and I marvel at what appears to be a total detachment from the rest of life that those people have. And I wonder if they really are. I wonder if they really are detached. All these athletes who are getting all this money, do they care how much of what they're earning is gonna be taken from them in the form of taxes? I wonder if any of 'em care about it. The detachment from the rest of society throughout the entertainment world, including sports, is something that intrigues me.
+CALLER: I think most Americans, unfortunately, or a lot of people, especially in the celebrity world don't look past their own hand. They put their hand out and where it ends is as far as they look. And they miss it.
+RUSH: I know. You're right, particularly with the pop culture and entertainment. It's its own world, and, you know, what's on Entertainment Tonight is, you know, what are the Kardashians doing, you know, gee I'd like to be the Kardashians, all this, it's frustrating. It's always been this way, too. There's nothing new about it. But don't they buy gasoline? I know they make a lot of money, but don't they live in the same world that we do? Do they not see the changes forthcoming? Maybe they don't. In the world of sports there is no health care problem. Team pays for everything. There's no concern for the costs. I'm not expressing this right. I'm getting close. But I know exactly how you feel. I know your point. Here's People magazine, Trayvon Martin on the cover, and what does that matter given what's going on with the US military in Afghanistan and Iraq and our policy? What does that matter -- it's what you're saying -- and do the people read People even know what's going on? And if they don't, you're really bothered by it. I understand totally what you're saying. It's frustrating as hell, I know.
+CALLER: It is. It is. And it's a damn shame.
+RUSH: Yeah, it is. And this, by the way, is not to say that the Trayvon Martin story is in and of itself irrelevant. It's highly indicative of where we are culturally. And it stands to reason People magazine would go to town with it. For them it's a smart business decision. But nevertheless I understand how it affects you. You're wondering if the people who read that, buy that magazine, are they connected, are they engaged, do they have the slightest idea how they, too, are threatened by the problems facing the country? I know some of you think, "Well, Rush, you say you know 'em. Don't you talk to 'em about it?" Yeah. And most of them don't want to talk about it. I can't name any names. Coaches, players, would be scared to death if their bosses or other players found out what they think about things.
+It's the old thing about fear. Everybody governed by it, dominated by it, fear and intimidation. But what I'm trying to verbalize goes beyond that. I'm actually wondering -- let me see if I can put it this way. If Obama and the Democrats succeed ultimately where they're going, the impact on everybody is going to be such that sports is no longer gonna be an escape. It's gonna be caught up in everything. It's gonna be affected by all of this. I'm gonna have to think about this. I may have to actually sit down and peck this out at my computer keyboard to flesh it out of my brain, 'cause right now it's just a bunch of synapses, neurotic synapses explosions in there, and they're not coming together in a cogent thought. I'll work on it for next week, I promise. In the meantime, Cindy, I know exactly what you mean.
+BREAK TRANSCRIPT
+RUSH: This is Isabella, one of my all-time top ten favorite female names, Isabella. She is from Elgin, Texas. Hi, and welcome to Open Line Friday. Hi.
+CALLER: Hi, Rush. I can't believe I got through and talking to you. I've won the lottery. I don't need to go buy a ticket now. But, Rush, you were talking to that young lady with regard to Trayvon's picture on the front of People magazine. You were trying to describe what, you know, kind of your sense and her sense of indignation toward, you know, more attention being paid say to Trayvon versus our soldiers. And I'm wondering if what you were looking for was a prioritization, the ability of the American people to prioritarize our soldiers under fire versus, say, you know -- granted, a young boy being shot is very important of course. But, you know, we need to prioritize. I mean our Constitution is being shredded. Let's enumerate what is important in our day-to-day life rather than --
+RUSH: Well, that's close. You know, that's helpful in helping me explain this.
+CALLER: Okay.
+RUSH: I don't read People, so I can't give you any examples out of that other than the one that was cited. But as I read sports blogs, sports websites, sports stories, I wonder, okay, does this reporter know what's going on outside this? Does this reporter know that his freedom's at stake here? I just wonder if they're detached. His priority, these people are sports reporters, that's what they talk about, that's what they write about, and they don't want to mix politics, and I understand that. I'm wondering what's in their heads. I'm wondering if they're in the game. I'm wondering if they know what's going on or if they're just totally detached in their little world of sports and have no clue because my point is they could be helpful.
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: They would help influence people. If somebody that some kid idolizes, some athlete also knew how to talk about constitutional freedom, also knew how to talk about what's wrong with health care, it would help.
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: It would help defeat this. Now, People, I don't expect People to do stories on the military unless it's a story about how the government mistreats 'em.
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: People is TIME Magazine. It's a pop culture celebrity thing, and the Trayvon Martin story is made to order for People. It's Duke lacrosse. That picture that they put on the cover is three years old. It's an angelic picture. It's not who the boy was when he was killed. There's nothing in the story that justifies the kid being killed that we know so far. I don't mean that, but I'm not at all surprised that People and the people that work there are not even interested in doing a story on the US military and the trials and tribulations. The only time they're interested in the military is when one of them goes berserk and shoots himself or a family or when they can take a shot at the military.
+CALLER: Right.
+RUSH: They're not interested in building it up. But they'll build up the Kardashians all day long because they sell magazines and, you know, whether you know it or not, there are millions of young women who want to be Kim Kardashian.
+CALLER: Yeah.
+RUSH: There are millions of 'em.
+CALLER: Rush, will you indulge me, may I make one more brief point?
+RUSH: Yeah, sure.
+CALLER: Do you remember, your memory is oftentimes better than mine, but do you remember back in 2006 when the stock market started going up and the press got on George Bush, President George Bush at that time that the stock market was going up, but it was a jobless recovery and only the rich were getting along and getting better, and here we have the stock market going up but I haven't heard any stories along that line. I don't know if you recall that story.
+RUSH: I do, of course, and you're exactly right. Of course I remember that. I also remember the media back then when the unemployment rate was 4.7 to 5%, trying to tell everybody we were in a recession. I remember, oh, yes. That's as clear as a bell. Only when Obama or Democrats are in power is the stock market going up a good thing. When Republicans are in office and the stock market goes up, that means that whoever the Republican president, his rich friends are getting rich because he's doing policies to help 'em get rich while screwing the little guy. When gasoline prices were rising in the Bush years, that was Bush and Cheney's fault because Cheney used to run Halliburton, that's oil to these people, and Bush family, oil. So Bush and Cheney were manipulating the oil market for their own personal portfolio benefit, and there was something that had to be done, but now gas prices are going up, and the stories we get are, "There really isn't anything a president can do." So you are absolutely right. That 2006 jobless recovery, unemployment was around 4.5% back then, as opposed to what they say it is now, 8.3 they say it is now, something like that? Isabella, thanks for the call.
+ICEOS 2020 | ICEOS 2019 | ICEOS 2018 |
+Nov 14 - Nov 16, 2018
+12th International Congress on Early Onset Scoliosis - 2018
+Lisbon, Portugal
+Location
+Sheraton Lisboa Hotel Lisbon, Portugal
+Description
+This Congress is designed for orthopaedic and neurological surgeons, fellows and residents who include pediatric spinal deformity surgery in their practices. Nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians providing non-operative care of spinal deformities may also benefit.
+ICEOS conference recordings were supported by an educational grant from NuVasive.
+Faculty and Moderators
+Map
+Sheraton Lisboa Hotel Lisbon, Portugal
+01.30PM - 03.20PM
+Pre-Conference Session 1
+8
+01.30PM - 01.39PM
+01.39PM - 01.59PM
+Clinical Decision Making in EOS
+01.59PM - 02.14PM
+Technique Session 1: Rib Hooks (Video)
+02.14PM - 02.34PM
+02.34PM - 02.49PM
+Technique Session 2: Pelvic Fixation Options in EOS (Video)
+02.49PM - 03.04PM
+Technique Session 3: MCGR (Video)
+03.04PM - 03.19PM
+03.40PM - 06.30PM
+Pre-Conference Session 2MOD: Laurel Blakemore MD
+7
+03.40PM - 03.59PM
+Debate 2: Early Fusion Vs Growth Friendly in the “In Between Stage”
+03.59PM - 04.14PM
+Technique Session 4: Shilla (Video)
+04.14PM - 04.29PM
+Technique Session 5: AVBT: If, When, and How (Video)
+04.29PM - 04.39PM
+Discussion
+04.39PM - 04.59PM
+Now What Would You Do? Revisit Cases
+04.59PM - 06.30PM
+Exotic and Severe Scoliosis (Panel Discussion; Cases and Cocktails)
+05.00PM - 05.30PM
+Complete Loss of Motor Sensory with Motor Deficits with Instrumentation and Fusion of Severe Juvenile Scoliosis
+05.30PM - 06.00PM
+Staged Posterior Surgery in Severe and Rigid Scoliotic Curves without Anterior Release in a Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type II Patient
+06.00PM - 06.30PM
+A hybrid technique of posterior osteotomy with short segmental fusion and dual growing rod technique for severe rigid congenital scoliosis
+06.45AM - 07.44AM
+WelcomeMOD: Laurel Blakemore MD
+07.35AM - 09.30AM
+Session 1: The DebatesMOD: David Farrington MD
+18
+07.35AM - 07.46AM
+Cast (Ying Li) vs Brace (Michael Glotzbecker)
+07.46AM - 07.58AM
+SAI/Pelvic Screws (Paul Sponseller) vs S Hooks (Michael Vitale)
+07.58AM - 08.10AM
+Guided Growth (Scott Luhmann) vs Distraction (Colin Nnadi)
+08.10AM - 08.16AM
+Discussion
+08.16AM - 08.28AM
+Spine (Peter Newton) vs Rib Anchors (David Skaggs)
+08.28AM - 08.40AM
+Standard (Burt Yaszay) vs Offset MCGR Orientation (A. Noelle Larson)
+08.40AM - 08.52AM
+Drive Growth (Charles Johnston) vs Match It (Kenneth Cheung)
+08.52AM - 08.59AM
+Discussion
+09.00AM - 09.11AM
+Ponte (Brandon Ramo) vs VCR for Severe EOS (Patrick Cahill)
+09.11AM - 09.23AM
+9 Y.O. Tether (Stefan Parent) vs Early Fusion (Muharrem Yazici)
+09.24AM - 09.30AM
+Discussion
+10.00AM - 11.45AM
+Session 2: Free Papers: EOS Care in 2018: Past, Present and Future Considerations
+21
+10.00AM - 10.04AM
+Free Paper #1 Current Use in Growth-Friendly Implants: A Ten-Year Update
+10.04AM - 10.09AM
+Free Paper #2 Expert Consensus for Early Onset Scoliosis Surgery 2018
+10.09AM - 10.14AM
+Free Paper #3 Consensus-Based Best Practice Guidelines (BPG) for Use of Preoperative Halo Gravity Traction (HGT) for Pediatric Spinal Deformity
+10.14AM - 10.19AM
+Discussion
+10.20AM - 10.24AM
+Free Paper #48 A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis of the Efficacy of Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT) in the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
+10.25AM - 10.29AM
+Free Paper #5 The Role of Halo Gravity Traction Prior to MCGR, When Does Correction Occur?
+10.29AM - 10.34AM
+Free Paper #6 Sagittal Balance in Hyperkyphotic Patients with Growing Rods and the Effect of Preoperative Halo Gravity Traction
+10.35AM - 10.39AM
+Free Paper #7 Preop Halo Gravity Traction (HGT) Associated with Decreased Implant Complications in MCGR
+10.39AM - 10.44AM
+Discussion
+10.44AM - 10.49AM
+Free Paper #8 Optimization of Casting in Infantile Scoliosis
+10.49AM - 10.54AM
+Free Paper #9 Shorter Anesthesia Time and Improved Initial Curve Correction with an Alternative Risser Casting Technique
+10.54AM - 10.59AM
+Free Paper #10 Does Mehta Casting Work in Patients with Infantile Onset Scoliosis and Intrathecal Abnormalities?
+10.59AM - 11.04AM
+Discussion
+11.04AM - 11.09AM
+Free Paper #11 Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Posterior Only Hemivertebra Resection and Short Segment Fusion with Pedicle Screw Fixation in Children Younger than 5 Years: Minimum 10 Years Follow-up
+11.09AM - 11.14AM
+Free Paper #12 Avoid Maximal Correction in Lower Lumbar Hemivertebra Resection – Taking Sacrum Morphology into Consideration
+11.14AM - 11.19AM
+Free Paper #13 Comparison of Growth-friendly Surgery with Rib-based Device Between Congenital Scoliosis and Non-congenital Scoliosis: Five-Year Follow-Up Study
+11.19AM - 11.24AM
+Discussion
+11.24AM - 11.29AM
+Free Paper #14 Neural Axis Abnormalities in Early Onset Scoliosis Patients Can Be Detected With Limited MRI Sequences
+11.29AM - 11.34AM
+Free Paper #15 The Safety and Efficacy of Intrathecal Morphine in Early Onset Scoliosis Surgery – A 25 Year Single Center Experience
+11.34AM - 11.39AM
+Free Paper #16 Can You Stall a Baclofen Pump During a Magnetic Rod Lengthening?
+11.39AM - 11.40AM
+Discussion
+01.30PM - 01.40PM
+Lisbon/Portugal Highlights
+1
+01.30PM - 01.40PM
+Lisbon/Portugal Highlights
+01.40PM - 03.00PM
+Session 3: Mini-Symposium: Skeletal Dysplasia: Medical Treatment, Musculoskeletal Management and Mistakes Not to Make
+8
+01.40PM - 01.49PM
+Achondroplasia (Paul Sponseller)
+01.49PM - 01.59PM
+Diastrophic Dysplasia (Vern Tolo)
+01.59PM - 02.09PM
+Syndromic Cervical Spine (Rich Anderson)
+02.09PM - 02.19PM
+Discussion
+02.19PM - 02.29PM
+Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia (Vern Tolo)
+02.29PM - 02.39PM
+Metatropic Dysplasia (Ilkka Helenius)
+02.39PM - 02.49PM
+Campomelic Dysplasia (Matthew Oetgen)
+02.49PM - 03.15PM
+Discussion
+03.15PM - 04.15PM
+Session 4: Free Papers: What We Have Learned About Magnetically Lengthening Growing RodMOD: Ken Cheung MD, Ying Li MD
+12
+03.15PM - 03.19PM
+Free Paper #17 Contouring the Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Impacts Its Expansion Capacity
+03.19PM - 03.24PM
+Free Paper #18 Targeted Distraction: Spinal Growth in Children with Early Onset Scoliosis Treated with a Tail-Gating Technique for Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods
+03.24PM - 03.29PM
+Free Paper #19 Differential Lengthening of MCGR Does Not Improve Coronal Decompensation
+03.29PM - 03.34PM
+Discussion
+03.34PM - 03.39PM
+Free Paper #20 Comparative Outcomes of Monthly Versus Three-Monthly Distraction Protocols for Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods
+03.39PM - 03.44PM
+Free Paper #21 Diminishing Returns of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Lengthenings Over Time
+03.44PM - 03.49PM
+Free Paper #22 18% of EOS patients Treated with MCGR have Minimal Lengthening Episodes Resulting in < 1mm of Distraction
+03.49PM - 03.55PM
+Discussion
+03.55PM - 03.59PM
+Free Paper #23 Optimization of a MCGR US-Guided Lengthening Clinic
+03.59PM - 04.04PM
+Free Paper #24 Changes of Vertebral and Disk Morphology Following Treatment with MCGR
+04.04PM - 04.09PM
+Free Paper #25 Analysis of Surgeon Decisions to Discontinue a Lengthening Program in Early Onset Scoliosis
+04.09PM - 04.15PM
+Discussion
+04.15PM - 05.15PM
+Ask the Faculty Breakouts: Case Discussions
+First clinical results of a dynamic growth friendly technique based on a spring distraction system (SDS) for early onset scoliosism
+Harlequin Syndrome in Scoliosis Surgery
+Infant with Severe Cerebrocostomandibular (CCM) Syndrome Treated Successfully with VEPTR
+Minimally Invasive Posterior Spine Tethering in Skeletally Immature Patients with Scoliosis Can Save Levels While Maintaining Lumbar Flexibility and Preventing Curve Progression
+Paediatric Cervical Sagittal Imbalance 6 Case Series Review
+Posterior-Based Spinal Tether in Combination With Guided-Growth Principles: A Novel Approach in Severe Early Onset Scoliosis
+Scoliosis Associated with Arnold Chiari Malformation: A Case Report
+Sublaminar Band Fixation Provides Excellent Anchors for MAGEC Rod Distraction Systems
+The Treatment of Cleidocranial Dysostosis, Accompanied by Spinal Deformities: Two Case Reports
+08.30AM - 09.25AM
+Session 5: The ChestMOD: John T. Smith MD
+6
+08.30AM - 08.40AM
+Pulmonary Function in EOS: Where We Have Failed (James Sanders)
+08.41AM - 08.51AM
+Pulmonary Function in EOS: Where We Have Succeeded (Greg Redding)
+08.52AM - 08.56AM
+Discussion
+08.57AM - 09.07AM
+When is it Time to do Surgery From a Pulmonologist’s Perspective (Greg Redding)
+09.08AM - 09.18AM
+Pectus Deformities 101: When and How They Matter (Lindsay Andras)
+09.18AM - 09.20AM
+Discussion
+09.19AM - 09.25AM
+Discussion
+10.15AM - 10.25AM
+Session 6: Free Papers: Pulmonary Function and Functional Assessments
+12
+09.25AM - 09.29AM
+Free Paper #26 Pre-Operative Lung Function in Children with EOS
+09.29AM - 09.34AM
+Free Paper #27 Do We Have a Practical Method for Monitorization of Pulmonary Functions in Non-Ambulatory Patients with Neuromuscular Disease?
+09.34AM - 09.39AM
+Free Paper #28 Thoracic Spinal Deformities Affected Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients with Scoliosis
+09.39AM - 09.44AM
+Discussion
+09.44AM - 09.49AM
+Free Paper #29 Correlation of Pulmonary Function to a Novel Radiographic Parameter of Collapsing Parasol Deformity in Spinal Muscular Atrophy
+09.49AM - 09.54AM
+Free Paper #30 Pulmonary Function Relative to Stature: Effect of Scoliosis and Treatment in SMA
+09.54AM - 09.59AM
+Free Paper #31 Are Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods a Good Option for Collapsing Spine Deformity in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type – 2 Associated Early Onset Scoliosis?
+09.59AM - 10.04AM
+Discussion
+10.04AM - 10.09AM
+Free Paper #32 Comparison of Cardiopulmonary Function in Patients with Congenital Scoliosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
+10.09AM - 10.14AM
+Free Paper #33 Improvement of Functional Outcome Using 6-minute walk in Patients with Congenital Scoliosis Treated by Growth Friendly Surgery; Five Years Follow-up Study
+10.14AM - 10.19AM
+Free Paper #34 Relationship Between Subjective Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) Outcomes and Objective Pulmonary Function Testing
+10.19AM - 10.25AM
+Discussion
+10.40AM - 11.50AM
+Session 7: How do we Optimize Comprehensive Care in EOS?MOD: Michael Vitale MD
+8
+10.40AM - 10.47AM
+Effects of Anesthesia and Pain Management on the Very Young: 2018 Update (Lydia Andras)
+10.47AM - 10.55AM
+Evaluating Height and Growth (Ron El-Hawary)
+10.55AM - 11.03AM
+Nutritional Status: Management of the Fluffy (Amy McIntosh)
+11.04AM - 11.11AM
+Nutritional Status: Management of the Emaciated (John Flynn)
+11.11AM - 11.18AM
+Discussion
+11.18AM - 11.26AM
+Quality of Life: EOSQ, Other Indicators (Ying Li)
+11.26AM - 11.34AM
+Is There a Role for Using EOS Technology Beyond Skeletal Maturity (Laurel Blakemore)
+11.34AM - 11.42AM
+Cost/Value of Treating Rare Conditions and How Treatment Compares to Other Aspects of Care (Stephen Ondra)
+11.42AM - 11.50AM
+Discussion
+11.50AM - 12.40PM
+Session 8: Free Papers: The Impact of Outcomes and Complications on Quality of LifeMOD: A Larson MD
+11
+11.50AM - 11.54AM
+Free Paper #35 Does Serial Casting Under General Anesthesia for Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis Affect Childhood Behavior? A Prospective Investigation in Response to the New FDA Warning
+11.54AM - 11.59AM
+Free Paper #36 Comparison of Health – Related Quality of Life in Patients with Early Onset Scoliosis Treated with Serial Casting vs Traditional Growing Rods
+11.59AM - 12.04PM
+Free Paper #37 Surgical and Health Related Quality of Life Outcomes of Growing Rod Graduates for Severe versus Moderate Early – Onset Scoliosis
+12.05PM - 12.09PM
+Free Paper #38 Growing – Rod Treatment Improves Nutritional Condition of Patients with Early-Onset Scoliosis
+12.09PM - 12.14PM
+Discussion
+12.14PM - 12.19PM
+Free Paper #39 Elevated Serum Titanium Levels in Children with Early Onset Scoliosis Treated with VEPTR and Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods
+12.19PM - 12.24PM
+Free Paper #40 Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: Sagittal Plane Analysis and the Risk of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis
+12.24PM - 12.29PM
+Free Paper #41 Comparing Risk of Unplanned Returned to the Operating Room (UPROR): Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod (MCGR) System vs Prosthetic Rib Constructs (PRC)
+12.29PM - 12.34PM
+Free Paper #42 Radiographic Outcome and Complication Rate of 34 Graduates after Treatment with Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR®): a Single Centre Report
+12.35PM - 12.40PM
+Discussion
+12.40PM - 12.45PM
+Robert M. Campbell, Jr. Award for Innovation in Early Onset Scoliosis
+01.15PM - 01.45PM
+Keynote: Decisions, Decisions...
+1
+01.15PM - 01.45PM
+Peter Newton, MD, SRS President 2018 – 2019
+01.45PM - 02.45PM
+Session 9: Free Papers: Emerging Techniques and Cervical SpineMOD: Matthew Oetgen MD
+10
+01.45PM - 01.49PM
+Free Paper #43 Single Fusion (PSF) Vs Growth Friendly (GF) Device in Older EOS Patients
+01.49PM - 01.54PM
+Free Paper #44 20 year Experience with Segmental Sublaminar Instrumentation for Guided Growth in Early Onset Scoliosis
+01.54PM - 01.59PM
+Free Paper #45 Modern Luque Trolley Construct for the Management of Early-Onset Scoliosis: The First Ten Patients with a New Gliding Implant with Two-year Follow Up
+01.59PM - 02.05PM
+Discussion
+02.05PM - 02.09PM
+Free Paper #46 New Self Growing Rod: Preliminary Results on a Series of 18 Neuromuscular Scoliosis
+02.09PM - 02.14PM
+Free Paper #47 Spring Distraction System for Early Onset Scoliosis Provides Continuous Distraction without a Potential Increase in Rod Fractures, Compared to Traditional Growing Rods
+02.14PM - 02.15PM
+Discussion
+02.16PM - 02.19PM
+Free Paper #48 A Prospective, Multicenter Analysis of the Efficacy of Anterior Vertebral Body Tethering (AVBT) in the Treatment of Idiopathic Scoliosis
+02.19PM - 02.29PM
+Free Paper #49 Spine Pathology in Mucopolysaccharidoses
+02.29PM - 02.34PM
+Free Paper #50 Outcomes of 3-Column Osteotomy in Cervicothoracic Spine (C7/T1) for Congenital Cervicothoracic Scoliokyphosis in Children
+02.34PM - 02.39PM
+Free Paper #51 Congenital Scoliosis of the Pediatric Cervical Spine
+02.39PM - 02.45PM
+Discussion
+03.00PM - 03.45PM
+Session 10: The Bandwagon I Jumped On and then Off...
+7
+03.00PM - 03.05PM
+03.05PM - 03.11PM
+03.11PM - 03.17PM
+Discussion
+03.17PM - 03.23PM
+03.23PM - 03.29PM
+03.29PM - 03.35PM
+Discussion
+03.35PM - 03.45PM
+Presentation of Behrooz A. Akbarnia Award for Best Research Paper
+03.45PM - 05.00PM
+Tips and Tricks: The Art of Cervical Spine Deformity TreatmentMOD: Burt Yaszay MD
+7
+03.45PM - 03.53PM
+Understanding the Biomechanics of Craniocervical Junction and When Do I Intervene (Douglas Brockmeyer)
+03.53PM - 04.02PM
+Options for Fixation in the Very Small
+04.02PM - 04.11PM
+Positioning, Imaging and Navigation (Matthew Oetgen)
+04.11PM - 04.22PM
+Discussion
+04.22PM - 04.31PM
+Coronal Cervical Deformity – Is There a Role for Osteotomies (Michael Ruf)
+04.31PM - 04.40PM
+Cervical Kyphosis – When Do I Need to Go to the Front (Rich Anderson)
+04.40PM - 04.49PM
+Sprengel’s Deformity – Treatment Options (Ilkka Helenius)
+04.49PM - 05.00PM
+Discussion
+05.00PM - 05.05PM
+Wrap Up: Highlights and Preview for 2019
+1
+05.00PM - 05.05PM
+Wrap Up: Highlights and Preview for 2019
+Filter by session
+0 matches found
+Welcome Member Events
+- Career Center
+- GlobalWA Events
+Letter from our Executive Director
+In 2015, 65.3 million people around the world were displaced. This is greater than the combined population of Canada, Australia and New Zealand. While Syrians represent the largest percentage of those displaced, numerous others are fleeing war and fragile civil societies in South Sudan, Yemen, Burundi, Ukraine and Central African Republic, in addition to thousands more fleeing poverty and violence in Central America. Countries lacking strong civil societies, termed “fragile states,” are home to 43 percent of the global population.
+This is a global crisis. It will be top of mind for world leaders when they gather this month at the United Nations General Assembly. In addition, President Obama has called for a White House Summit on Refugees to address the myriad of political, social and economic issues associated with mass migration. Political leadership is an essential part of the solution.
+NetHope
+Several Global Washington members are on the front lines of the refugee crisis, addressing its root causes. We will be raising the profile of members who work on this issue and providing a “Seattle response” to world leaders gathering in New York and D.C. Please join us on September 14 along with experts from the International Rescue Committee, Oxfam America and Americares for a timely discussion on this topic. I hope you will read on to learn more, attend tomorrow’s event, and add your voice as we tackle this global crisis.
+Kristen Dailey
+Executive Director
+Question of the Month
+Is your organization putting on a big event this fall? Gala? Luncheon? Annual dinner? Tell us about it! We’d love to help spread the word.
+Please click here to respond.
+Issue Brief
+A Global Crisis: Life in Fragile States and the Effects of Mass Migration
+By Amanda Pain
+Medical Teams International
+Every minute, (UNHCR), percent, are from low and middle-income countries and are close to conflict. More than half, 54 percent, are from either Syria, Afghanistan or Somalia. What causes this mass migration? Sometimes it’s natural disasters, which have affected 218 million people over the last two decades. Often people face extreme war and conflict, which drives 80 percent of humanitarian need. Fragile states are home to 43 percent of the global population, 76 percent of whom live in extreme poverty. Two-thirds of the countries considered to be fragile states did not meet Millennium Development Goal 1, which aimed to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger by 2015. If these states cannot reduce conflict and build good governance by 2030, 62 percent of the people living in fragile states will be living on less than $1.25 a day. percent, and the country’s economy has contracted by 40 percent.
+Countries housing displaced persons are struggling to cope with the influx of people. In 2015, over 1 million crossed into Europe, with 90 percent heading to Turkey, Pakistan or Lebanon. Turkey alone hosted 2.54 million refugees in 2015. According to the International Organization of Migration, 1 million migrants traveled by sea in 2015, and nearly 35,000 by land. Since 2000, 46,000 people have died migrating, with 10,400 of those dying in 2014 and 2015 alone. While aid has increased over the past three years, reaching $28 billion in 2015, the United Nations (UN) was unable to meet 45 percent of country appeals for assistance last year.
+In May 2016, UN Secretariat General Ban Ki-Moon hosted the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, Turkey to address how to best reduce refugee and migrant suffering and improve aid delivery. Out of this summit came the Grand Bargain (GB), which pledges to increase funding to local organizations from the current 2 percent to 25 percent by 2020. In addition, the GB is asking donors for more flexibility on where humanitarian aid dollars go, and in turn aid agencies will be more transparent with how donation dollars are spent. Ban Ki-Moon has also ordered the Summit for Refugees and Migrants to take place this month to bring together heads of state and create a blueprint for a better-coordinated international response to the migration crisis.
+Parallel to the 71st session of the UN General Assembly, President Barack Obama will host a Leader’s Summit on Refugees. During this September summit, states will commit to broaden and deepen their commitment to funding UN humanitarian appeals, expand resettlement and other legal channels for humanitarian admissions, and facilitate refugee inclusion and self-reliance. Meanwhile, several Global Washington members are focused on the 24 people being displaced every minute, and continue to provide humanitarian aid to those 65.3 million people displaced worldwide.
+As families search for safety across the Middle East and Europe, the global Red Cross network is providing vital humanitarian assistance to those in need. Red Cross and Red Crescent teams are serving tens of thousands of migrants and refugees, including along the Mediterranean and Western Balkans migratory routes in countries of origin, transit and arrival. This critical assistance includes the distribution of food, water, hygiene kits, baby supplies, clothing and first aid kits. Red Cross and Red Crescent teams are also providing medical care and first aid, shelter and psychosocial support. Additionally, migrants who have been separated from their family members have been receiving assistance from the Red Cross Restoring Family Links program to reconnect with their loves ones.
+Among its current programs, Americares is helping vulnerable people caught in the Syria conflict, refugee communities in Jordan, families negotiating the border crisis in the United States, and people in the West Bank, Gaza and Lebanon who have difficulty accessing health services. By providing support to local partners in these communities, Americares is helping refugees and others access critical health care. In Syria, aid from the organization includes more than $7 million in medicine and supplies and support including staff salaries for health facilities that have been targeted by violence. With medicine for diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions, Americares continues to collaborate with partners in the West Bank, Gaza and Lebanon, to help them meet the health needs of vulnerable populations. On the U.S.-Mexico border in Texas, Americares has supplied a structure where families can safely spend the night and access health care after an often lengthy and dangerous journey from Central America. Nearly 10,000 people have used the facility so far..
+Medical Teams International
+Along with national governments, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), other NGOs and funding partners such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Medical Teams International is responding to mass migration/refugees fleeing conflict and disaster with healthcare service and support in Uganda, Lebanon, Greece, and soon Turkey and Tanzania. With a sudden, recent surge in violence in South Sudan, close to 90,000 more refugees are fleeing to camps in Uganda adding to the 300,000 refugees already being served in Uganda. With over 700 Ugandan healthcare staff, Medical Teams is the UNHCR preferred healthcare provider. Medical Teams’ work includes health intake for all incoming refugees, triage, direct healthcare as needed, WASH, Maternal Child and Newborn Health services, nutrition supplementation and work to treat and prevent malaria, and cholera. Over 85% of new refugees are women and children.
+Powered by the belief that a better world is possible, Mercy Corps partners to put bold solutions into action, helping people triumph over adversity and build stronger communities from within. This means not only delivering lifesaving assistance like food, water or shelter increasingly through cash, but also tackling root causes like communal tensions and hatred, discrimination, gender inequity, social exclusion, lack of opportunity and how life-shaping decisions are taken by power-holders. It means meeting today’s urgent needs while investing in a more resilient tomorrow. Mercy Corps strives to innovate for greater impact, and they understand that communities are the best agents of their own change and local markets are the best engines of long-term recovery. Today, Mercy Corps’ staff of nearly 5,000 is reaching about 30 million people in more than 40 countries around the world.
+NetHope is an organization that convenes the world’s largest international non-profit organizations (NGOs) and technology giants to help tackle global challenges. NetHope, a 49-member organization, is a catalyst for productive innovation and problem solving in humanitarian crises and conservation work. NetHope is currently engaged in providing Wi-Fi to refugees fleeing persecution, conflict and famine..
+Sixty-five million children around the world are on the move – running from conflict, poverty and extreme weather, looking for a better life and a place to call home. They are among the most vulnerable people on earth – children on the edge. UNICEF is working on the ground to ensure that programs and policies in response to the migration crisis put the rights and needs of all children first. It is also working to expand humanitarian services wherever they are needed on refugee routes, including providing water and age-appropriate food, and establishing child-friendly spaces, where children can play and benefit from psychosocial support, and women can rest and take care of their babies. At the same time, millions of children are still caught in situations of conflict, natural disaster, poverty and underdevelopment – the main root causes of the crisis – and UNICEF remains committed to supporting sustainable solutions where they are needed most.
+World Vision has worked in the majority of the world’s fragile states for over three decades to support the most vulnerable children and communities. Since the start of the Syria crisis, World Vision has helped more than 2 million children and adults in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, and now Serbia.. They work for lasting change in the lives of children and the poorest, in the hardest places. Read the recent article from World Vision International’s President and the UN’s Emergency Relief Coordinator on reducing humanitarian needs in fragile states.
+Featured Organization
+Mercy Corps
+By Amanda Pain
+Mercy Corps has helped women in the small village of Jijiga, Ethiopia begin processing milk locally. It is now a higher quality, improving incomes for pastoralists and their families.
+Credit: Sean Sheridan for Mercy Corps
+Mercy Corps has been delivering humanitarian aid and rebuilding communities since 1979. Michael Bowers, Vice President of Humanitarian Leadership and Response for the Portland-based NGO, believes the mission to alleviate suffering, poverty and oppression by helping people build secure, productive and just communities, has been instrumental in guiding the organization to success.
+“We let our mission guide us,” Bowers explained. “A lot of organizations go through mission drift, but our mission is a living will of what we need to accomplish. It has steered us well and kept us steady.”
+Mercy Corps, which was co-founded by Global Washington board member Dan O’Neill as Save the Refugees Fund, was started to address the needs of Cambodian refugees after the genocide under the Khmer Rouge. In 1982, the organization began addressing long-term development needs, in addition to delivering emergency relief. Bowers explained that balancing immediate needs with development needs is more of an art than a science. “When we enter a country during an emergency, our strategy is to address both immediate needs such as health, water and shelter, as well as looking at the long term development possibilities,” he said. “Often those development needs have been chronic, and were pre-existing to any disaster or conflict.”
+A Mercy Corps team member on the island of Lesvos, Greece shows a map to a group of refugees to help them navigate their location.
+Credit: Karine Aigner for Mercy Corps
+Bowers admits that it is not always easy to work on immediate and long term needs simultaneously, because donor funding is sometimes only for six to twelve months. “At times there is more public outcry and giving toward large crises, such as the Nepal earthquake in 2015,” he said. “But you can’t do development work in only 12 months.” Mercy Corps advocates for areas that need longer-term aid such as countries experiencing drought and famine (like East Africa), or countries in decades of conflict and violence (like Afghanistan). “We advocate for both funding and structural changes to how the U.S. and foreign governments administer aid,” explained Bowers. “We also advocate for appropriate investment in peacemaking and conflict mitigation activities. The more we engage fragile countries, the more we can reduce poverty and violence.”
+One major challenge when responding to a crisis is reaching the affected country quickly. Mercy Corps works in more than 40 different countries today, and 90 percent of its staff is local to the country where aid is being delivered. In times of natural disaster, the organization must be prepared for known high hazard areas, such as countries in Asia that are prone to typhoons and earthquakes. In conflict situations, Mercy Corps often has to negotiate access with combatants and hostile governments to deliver aid. “Whenever possible, we try to be on the ground engaging communities before a conflict occurs. But in a conflict situation, things get complicated fast,” said Bowers. There are, what he called, “black zones” — places like Libya, Northeast Nigeria and Syria, or areas that Mercy Corps has difficulty reaching due to extreme violence that often leads to distrust of foreign NGOs by local people. “Getting into areas of crisis is about being very resilient and trying to work through every operational challenge to deliver aid to those who need it.”
+Bowers explained that, during its 37-year history, Mercy Corps has learned that for every year of war/conflict, it takes seven years for a country to recover. Additionally, Mercy Corps has learned unless the root cause of a conflict is resolved, violence will continue to reemerge and the country will remain fragile. Bowers described unstable countries as having unequal distribution of resources. “The sustaining factors of a healthy and peaceful society require that grievances are addressed fairly, there is good governance and an equal opportunity for economic growth,” he said.
+A Mercy Corps team member prepares emergency kits to distribute in Kathmandu, Nepal following the devastating earthquake in April 2015.
+Credit: Miguel Samper for Mercy Corps
+Mercy Corps will focus on a number of areas over the next fiscal year, including continuing to be prepared and responding quickly to complex crises; conducting research to provide evidence to international leaders that investment in conflict mediation and peace building at the forefront is cost saving when compared to costs post-disaster or conflict; and educating leaders and the public on the importance of emergency response and assistant fragile states. “There are so many movements towards withdrawal,” said Bowers. “We want to make sure citizens understand that Mercy Corps wants to prevent more failed states, and wants to stop those states from turning into large breeding grounds for violence that is exported.”
+Bowers believes that Mercy Corps has remained resilient while working in some of the world’s toughest places and has responded quickly to changing environments. He also is proud that Mercy Corps works so closely with local communities and is constantly looking for innovative solutions to problems. “We have to change, we can’t be static,” he explained. “We can’t just assume we know it all. We must continue to be thoughtful and innovative in our work. We know what we do well and we are humble. That is our recipe for success.”
+Changemaker
+Nicky Smith, Executive Director, International Rescue Committee Seattle
+By Amanda Pain
+Humanitarian crises are on the rise and there are more displaced people today than at any time since World War II. Nicky Smith, Executive Director of International Rescue Committee (IRC) Seattle, is no stranger to these growing crises. As a humanitarian aid worker she responded to the Rwandan Genocide, the Liberian Civil Wars, and worked in Afghanistan during Taliban rule. And those are only a few of the challenges Smith experienced firsthand.
+“In this work you witness a lot of really intense situations,” Smith explained. “I always said to myself that, if at any point this becomes normal or I feel numb to this, I have to stop the work immediately.”
+Smith, who grew up in a British family, admits to having an unusual background. She was raised by her mother who grew up in East Africa, and her military father. The two owned a business together in Uganda. “I have always had Africa in my life between my mother’s family and my parents’ business,” Smith recalls. “I also went to boarding school, so I’ve been around international people my entire life.”
+Always interested in public service, Smith decided to take a year off before college to volunteer abroad. She joined a gap year program with Project Trust where she worked at a boarding school for deaf children in Cairo, Egypt. While there, she started volunteering to help African refugees prepare for their resettlement interviews. “I became close friends with some of the refugees, some of whom were my age,” said Smith. “It really stuck me that I had essentially won the birth lottery. The difference in our circumstances was just that I was born in the United Kingdom as opposed to Eritrea, Somalia or Sudan.”
+Her year in Egypt, Smith explained, was life-changing. She decided not to attend college and instead started working in international development. Her first job was with Project Trust, managing programs in Uganda. “I will never forget this,” Smith says of the experience. “I was sitting in a camp in Mbarara, Uganda in April of 1994 when the people there started telling me about this thing that was happening across the border in Rwanda – and that thing was the Rwandan Genocide.” Smith describes this as a seismic moment in her life. She decided she needed to go to Rwanda and would shift from development work to humanitarian work.
+Once in Rwanda, Smith worked for Children’s Aid Direct (formerly Feed the Children). Living in the city of Butare, she was working to reunite children who had been separated from their parents while fleeing the country. “We had incredibly young children who had been separated from their families. Some of them were babies,” said Smith. “It was a very intense time in Rwanda and a steep learning curve for me, but I knew this was absolutely the work I wanted to do and that it was my calling.”
+After leaving Rwanda, Smith went to work for Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) where she experienced Afghanistan for the first time. Women’s rights issues aside, Smith explained that Afghanistan is her favorite country to work in because the people are so kind. She was there for over three years and recalls once walking through a refugee camp and experiencing Afghan kindness. This camp was in terrible condition — no latrines, hardly any food and the people were desperate. Smith said she remembers feeling faint when an Afghan woman pulled her into a tent to give her food and water. “That story to me represents Afghan people,” she said. “They will literally give a stranger the last piece of bread in their house.”
+Deciding she wanted to move beyond medical emergency relief, Smith left MSF and went to work for IRC where she has been for the last thirteen years. She has held a variety of roles and worked in various countries, including Sudan, Congo, Philippines, Nigeria and Iraq. She has also done advocacy and policy work for IRC in Washington, D.C.
+Smith recalls her first job with IRC being the most challenging. She was sent to reopen the organization’s Liberia offices in 2003, immediately after the peace agreement was signed. “DDR (disarmament, demobilization and reintegration) can be led by the military, but in reality it is a wholly civilian exercise,” explained Smith. “In Liberia, the military took the guns away but we had to help child soldiers reacclimate to life outside the military, and get the community to embrace them. It was really challenging work.”
+Smith, who now leads the IRC team in Seattle, explained that she became drawn to the IRC’s U.S. programs because she wanted to help refugees rebuild their lives here in the states. She aims to raise the profile of IRC’s work in Seattle, which in turn will help raise funds to provide more services to resettled refugees. “It feels really natural to be working in U.S. programs,” said Smith. “I have an excellent staff, 45 percent of whom are former refugees. I feel like I hit the lottery with the Seattle office.” Smith explains that her years of working abroad in conflict countries has helped her be effective in her current role.
+While Smith admits that she was often scared working in conflict areas, she feels people are often misinformed about humanitarian crises. “I am saddened because I feel like our humanity is being eroded away, and our sense of outrage is diminished by the 24-hour news cycle,” Smith explained. “You get people who would never donate to conflict survivors, but then would give to survivors of natural disasters, because they can relate. People know what it is like to see their neighbor lose everything to a natural disaster, whereas war and conflict are harder for people to wrap their head around.”
+Smith, who loves living in the Pacific Northwest, does not know where life may take her next. “In this work, you have to be a marathon runner and not a sprinter. I really enjoy being with IRC, and I am happy in my new role,” said Smith. “When I feel like my energy levels are not what the job needs, or I become numb and stop seeing people as human beings, then it is time for self-reflection.”
+Welcome New Members
+Please welcome our newest Global Washington members. Take a moment to familiarize yourself with their work and consider opportunities for support and collaboration!
+University of Washington International and English Language Programs
+UW International and English Language Programs provide a wide variety of programs for both undergraduate and graduate students to help them improve their English language skills, prepare for further study in the United States and learn about American culture, business and other subjects. ielp.uw.edu
+Member Events
+Sept 17: The Rose International Fund for Children // A Decade of Difference
+Sept 17: MED25 // MED 25 Benefit
+Sept 20: RESULTS – Seattle // U.S. Poverty Free Agent Calls
+Sept 21: OneWorld Now! // 2016 Global Leader Reception & Auction
+Sept 22: Pangea Giving // Pangea Giving Coffee + Chat
+Sept 22: Global Visionaries // Taste of Global Visionaries
+Sept 28: American Red Cross // 2016 South Puget Sound Heroes Luncheon
+Oct 4: Pangea Giving // The Fight Against Climate Change and Land Rights in Latin America
+Oct 6: Shoreline Community College // The Iranian Nuclear Deal
+Oct 8: Spreeha // Journey of Hope Fundraiser
+Oct 13: Global Partnerships // 14th Annual World of Opportunity Luncheon
+Career Center
+ICM Caseworker, International Rescue Committee
+Grant Writer/Project Manager, PotaVida
+Director of Development: Institutional and Principle Giving, World Justice Project
+For more jobs and resources, visit
+GlobalWA Events
+September 14: A Global Crisis: Life in Fragile States and the Effects of Mass Migration
+September 20: Bringing Down the Walls: Building Networks and Strengthening Collaborations for Greater Impact
+September 22: Networking Happy Hour
+September 23: Executive Director Roundtable featuring CNN Hero Razia Jan
+October 12: Executive Director Roundtable featuring Rena Singer
+December 8: Global Washington’s 8th Annual Conference
+Green economics the smart way forward
+Speech – Green Party
+Green economics offers a way out of New Zealand’s economic doldrums without selling off strategic assets, Green Party Co-leader Russel Norman argued in his Party’s first major speech of election year.Green economics the smart way forward
+Green economics offers a way out of New Zealand’s economic doldrums without selling off strategic assets, Green Party Co-leader Russel Norman argued in his Party’s first major speech of election year.
+“The next economic wave is smart Green economics,” Dr Norman stated, before outlining two critical steps the Government can take in order to catch the trillion dollar wave
+He also described John Key’s economic approach as ‘bludging off our grandkids.’
+“Instead of inheriting public assets, the next generation will inherit $84 billion in National Party debt,” Dr Norman said, noting that much of the debt came from tax cuts for the wealthy.
+New Zealand’s economic shift required two immediate steps, the Green Party Co-leader told an audience in Auckland, the first was an overhaul of the tax system:  homeownership a reality for more Kiwis; it will redirect much-needed capital to a starved productive sector; and it will reduce spiralling government debt.
+“Smart green economics is about having the courage to make the changes our tax system needs so that we don’t dump our debt on our grandkids.”
+Selling off assets was part of the problem rather than the solution, the Green Party Co-leader added.
+The second step towards Green economics was to deploy price signals and regulation to protect New Zealand’s natural capital, and reward businesses who ‘play nicely with nature.’
+“The heart of smart Green economics is understanding that when we look after our environment, we look after our economy,” stated Dr Norman.
+.”
+Dr Norman said the speech showed the Green Party’s intention to engage with central economic issues ahead of this year’s election. “New Zealanders want sound economic management from their Governments. The message of clean, green prosperity is very powerful and persuasive, and we’ll be sharing it widely this year.”
+Smart Green Economics – State of the Planet Speech
+Dr. Russel Norman Co-leader Green Party Aotearoa New Zealand
+30th January 2011
+Introduction
+I want to start with the land and the water; The Tamaki isthmus, the Waitakere Ranges and the Manukau and Waitematā Harbours – the mountains and harbours created by the earth’s crust uplifting and down-faulting millions of years ago.
+And I want to start with the people. I give greetings to the mana whenua of this place, Ngāti Whātua and Ngā hapū katoa o Tāmaki Makaurau. I acknowledge te Tiriti o Waitangi as the foundation of our nation.
+It’s fantastic to see the new faces and the old faces of so many people in our Green movement – I greet you all. I know that, like me, you are looking forward to election year – an opportunity to put our positive vision for Aotearoa in front of the nation.
+E ngā mana, e ngā reo, e ngā iwi o te motu: Tēnā koutou. Tēnā koutou. Tēnā koutou katoa.
+Summertime is about the simple stuff: land, water and people. Swimming in the ice cold headwaters of a river; exploring beaches and forests; and spending time with the people we love. It sounds a long way away from today’s speech about the economy – but it is not.
+The true test of an economy is not the rise or fall of GDP. The true test of our economy is the wellbeing of our land, our water and our people. It’s that simple.
+The next economic wave – smart Green economics
+Our vision includes a way forward for New Zealand’s economy.
+The neo-liberal economic model has suffered a catastrophic collapse. We have witnessed market failure on a colossal global scale. Lack of regulation has cost taxpayers trillions of dollars.
+We have been forced to relearn the lesson of the 1930s – markets need regulating.
+Not that New Zealanders really needed to be told – we’ve been through the leaky homes disaster. The National Party’s decision to deregulate the building industry in the early 1990s resulted in leaky homes that will cost our country more than $20 billion to repair – that’s more than five times the cost of the Canterbury earthquake.
+The leaky homes fiasco and the global financial collapse were both due to lack of regulation driven by the neo-liberal economic ideology.
+The old order is dying, but what will replace it?
+There are those in the Government who want to go back to the Think Big economics that came before Rogernomics – Think Big, with its centrally-planned drive for growth regardless of social or environmental costs.
+We see reflections of Think Big in National’s motorway projects and in the massive irrigation and hydro schemes proposed for the South Island, facilitated by the removal of democracy from Canterbury.
+But Think Big was an economic failure, an ecological catastrophe and a democratic travesty – Stephen Joyce may look to Rob Muldoon for his inspiration, but the Greens do not.
+The next economic wave won’t be Robert Muldoon with an iPad, the next economic wave is smart Green economics.
+Smart Green economics takes the best from Keynesian economics and the best from free market economics and places it within the framework of a planet with finite resources. Smart Green economics can re-tool our economy for the world we live in today.
+Smart Green economics is the economics of a world that needs to nurture its people and its environment. It is an economics that recognises that we need to live within our means and value our social capital and our environmental capital, not just financial capital.
+It is the economics that says we must stop borrowing from our grandchildren.
+Smart Green economics is unashamedly based on a love for Aotearoa, our land, our water and our people.
+Warm homes success
+Two years ago I gave our State of the Planet speech just after an election. I spoke to you about a Green New Deal for New Zealand; a plan to address both the economic crisis and the environmental crisis. A Green New Deal to create jobs and protect our environment.
+I challenged John Key to take up this plan and, to be fair, he picked up one component: our warm healthy homes initiative. I am proud to tell you that by the end of last year over 80,000 homes were retro-fitted with insulation under this scheme. Over half of these were occupied by people on low incomes.
+I am proud that the Green Party led this change, and worked alongside government to make it happen.
+Over four years we will make 180,000 homes warm and dry. Families will use less energy keeping warm in winter, and they’ll save money on power bills. Parents and children will stay healthier and miss fewer days of work and school due to sickness. And I’m proud to say that, at a time of record youth unemployment, over two thousand jobs are being created.
+This scheme is not cheap, but it is an investment in our common future, an investment that will repay us many times over in savings in health, energy and education.
+This is smart Green economics in action and a great achievement for the Green Party.
+MMP
+The warm homes scheme is just one example where the Greens are leading change that’s good for all New Zealanders. We are able to do this because of our MMP voting system. MMP has delivered great ideas like Kiwibank and paid parental leave, as well as the Greens’ warm, healthy homes scheme.
+MMP is a fair electoral system which means that every vote counts, unlike other systems where many votes are wasted.
+MMP means that women, young people, Māori, Pasifika, and Asian New Zealanders are represented in parliament.
+MMP has delivered stable government.
+We trust that New Zealanders will vote to keep MMP in the referendum later this year.
+National’s poor fiscal and economic management
+But beyond programmes that started with the Green Party, this Government is bereft of economic vision and is making a mess of budget management.
+Instead of smart Green economics, like a CBD rail loop for Aucklanders, we see faith-based transport infrastructure blow-outs, including ten billion dollars for new motorways.
+This $10 billion tragedy locks us into one outdated transport option with high greenhouse emissions, and leaves us exposed to high oil prices. It is poor quality spending at a time when money is tight.
+The Government’s cash deficit this year is $15.6 billion. Government debt is projected to hit $84 billion by 2014, and servicing that debt will cost us billions each year in interest, adding to our chronic current account deficit.
+The Greens support borrowing for infrastructure that will benefit future generations, like a decent train system for Auckland. But under National it is all pain with no gain. We are borrowing money we can ill afford, to spend on projects that are ill-considered.
+On the revenue side of the Government’s books, National’s tax cuts will add $15 billion to government debt by 2015. And for what? A person on the median income got an extra $14 a week, while the head of Westpac got an extra $5000 a week. Borrowing for tax cuts targeted at the wealthiest is reckless and immoral.
+National’s leaders then have the gall to use the fiscal deficit that they created to justify spending cuts to social and environmental programmes, such as night classes and community environment grants.
+John Key is using the debt his Government created to justify privatisation of public assets. We should be under no illusions; they are heading down a path that will lead to full privatisation and foreign ownership of key parts of the New Zealand economy. As we’ve seen with the banking sector, profits will flow overseas, prices will rise, innovation will be stifled by monopolies and revenue to the Government will drop.
+Instead of inheriting public assets, the next generation will inherit $84 billion in National Party debt.
+National needs to stop bludging off our grandkids.
+Inequality
+The income tax cuts combined with the GST increase are widening the gap between those who have the most and those who need the most.
+Inequality hurts everyone in New Zealand, rich or poor. Inequality lowers your life expectancy no matter how much you earn. It increases obesity, it fills our hospitals and our prisons and we all pay those bills.
+So the smart move is to focus on reducing the gap between the haves and the have-nots, so that we are all better off.
+Everyone deserves a fair go; everyone deserves to get their feet onto the ladder of opportunity.
+Let me tell you about my family.,.
+When the current Minister for Social Development was a single mum, she too was given an opportunity. A government allowance helped her through university, and she became a government minister. She has since slashed the allowance that got her where she is, pushing away the ladder of opportunity, and making it harder for other single mums to go to university.
+I call that shameful.
+There are 20,000 New Zealand children going to school each day without food, or shoes or raincoats. Nearly 20 percent of Kiwis aged between 18 and 24 are unemployed, the rate is even higher amongst Māori.
+Smart Green economics says invest in children, education, training and jobs. National puts money into prisons and motorways.
+Smart Green economics says workers and unions are central to economic success and we should increase the minimum wage to at least $15 an hour. This government weakens labour laws at the whim of a multinational corporation.
+Smart Green economics says invest in our kids right from the start, because they are the future. National has cut funding to early childhood education.
+Capital gains tax
+The truth is that the Government needs more revenue and the Greens are the only party in Parliament to put forward a serious plan to generate serious revenue – a capital gains tax excluding the family home. In virtually every other developed country you pay tax on income whether that income comes from wages or capital gains. home ownership a reality for more Kiwis; it will redirect much-needed capital to a starved productive sector; and it will reduce spiralling government debt.
+The National Party is building up massive government debt because they won’t make changes that the tax system desperately needs. Labour is scared to do more than tinker at the edges.
+Smart Green economics is about having the courage to make the changes our tax system needs so that we don’t dump our debt on our grandchildren.
+No environment; no economy.
+Green Jobs
+The global market for clean technology, goods and services is already $400 billion per year. It is going to grow to nearly $2 trillion by 2017. If we can access just a fraction of this market we will prosper.
+We have opportunities. Mighty River Power is exporting the technology for geothermal electricity generation. Meridian Energy has a solar power plant connected to the California grid and is about to build another in Tonga.
+In November last year the Windflow 500 turbine, made in Christchurch, was one of the first in the world to be certified by Lloyds as being able to operate at the windiest sites..
+These businesses are just the start of the Green economic revolution that will reshape our world.
+Smart Green economics is about providing green jobs and protecting our natural environment – it is about investing to create a bright green future for our grandkids rather than bludging off them.
+Koura farmers and clean water
+To protect our economy we have to protect our natural capital and nothing could be more important than water.
+One of the great privileges of my job is getting to meet people all over New Zealand who are fighting to protect our water. This summer, I launched my dirty and threatened rivers campaign on the magnificent braided Wairau River near Blenheim and I met Peter Wilhelmus who has been farming salmon and koura – native freshwater crayfish – near the Wairau for years.
+Now the Wairau River is in mortal peril because of a hydro scheme. But there’s another challenge to this river: intensive agriculture.
+Farmers like Peter need clean water, and sadly, dirty water killed off Peter’s salmon. When the Council finally investigated, they found that the stream was highly polluted with high levels of nitrate and faecal bacteria from intensive agriculture upstream.
+Peter is still battling along breeding koura, but pollution has taken a huge toll on him and his business. Freshwater aquaculture has great potential in our smart Green economy but it needs governments to protect our natural capital and stop water pollution.
+The big picture is that unregulated agribusiness is driving the decline of water quality across our country. Drinking water for rural towns like Dunsandel is polluted by dairy corporations. Rivers are being dammed and drained to irrigate industrial dairying.
+The Canterbury District Health Board warned that if the Central Plains irrigation scheme went ahead there would be a risk of infant death because of nitrate pollution in the groundwater – that’s pollution from intensive dairying.
+In response, the irrigators offered to ship in clean water. They just don’t get it – people want clean groundwater, they do not want to drink imported water while living on top of a poisoned aquifer.
+National, and Labour before, has been subsidising Think Big irrigation schemes with government grants. Labour even gave Central Plains Water, a private company, the power to forcibly take farmers’ land for canals. It is environmentally tragic and economically suicidal.
+Right now the Minister for the Environment is sitting on rules to clean up rivers and lakes – a draft National Policy Statement on Freshwater Management – a set of rules that would reward the good dairy farmers. The polluting corporations are lobbying heavily to stop any action.
+Nick Smith has a choice – he can sign clean water rules into law or he can weaken them and do nothing. This will be the test of whether he is the Minister for the Environment or the Minister against the Environment.
+Water is our natural capital; we pollute and squander it at our peril. No water; no milk. No environment, no economy.
+Climate change
+The economic costs of destabilising the natural environment are starkly revealed by climate change.
+2010 was the equal hottest year on record.
+The economic costs of extreme weather events – storms, floods and droughts – are vast, as shown once again by the most recent floods in Australia. While no one extreme weather event can be blamed on climate change, the frequency and severity of these events will increase as our climate changes.
+We hear often about the costs of taking action on climate change, but the costs of not taking action on climate change are much much larger.
+Bizarrely, the current Government is subsidising climate pollution. Under National’s modified Emissions Trading Scheme we are going to spend 100 billion tax dollars to subsidise big polluters, helping them destroy the stable climate on which our prosperity, and sometimes our lives, depend.
+We are stealing our grandchildren’s stable climate in order to keep the fossil fuel party going a bit longer. National must stop bludging off our grandkids.
+Cost of living
+We can start thinking smarter and greener as a nation.
+The smart Green way to deal with rising electricity prices is to insulate our homes so they need less power to heat, and to have minimum energy performance standards for household appliances.
+The smart Green way to deal with rising petrol prices is to make our cities and towns as compact and efficient as we can, to invest in buses and trains, and to make it safe to walk and cycle.
+The smart Green way to deal with rising food prices is to encourage local production of fresh fruit and veges, including farmers’ markets and backyard growing.
+The smart Green way to deal with rising housing costs is to use tax rules to put downward pressure on house prices and to increase the supply of affordable social housing.
+National and Labour say the way to deal with rising prices is more growth, more dams, more motorways, more coal, more exports, more long hours, more intensive dairy, more GDP. They will get the last drop of milk from the last blade of grass to pay the petrol import bill so we can drive the holiday highway, only we’ll all be working so hard there won’t be a lot of holidays. They will trade away our sovereignty and dignity by making trade deals with human rights abusers.
+This is the path to a treadmill of working ourselves and our natural environment harder and harder until we all collapse.
+The Green way is to work smarter within the limits of the natural world.
+Conclusion
+The old economic order is dying, and we have a choice to make. We can cling to a dying regime or we can turn and embrace our future. Ahead lies a great opportunity and the Green Party can lead the change to get us there.
+With smart Green economics our young people can have decent work. We can re-tool our economy to protect our natural capital and build on our billion dollar brand. We can live in a fairer and more equal Aotearoa New Zealand, that doesn’t borrow from our grandchildren but leaves them with abundance and prosperity.
+Together we can begin the new era of smart Green economics, for our children’s sake, for our planet’s sake, and for our own sake.
+ENDS
+Content Sourced from scoop.co.nz
+Original url
+Can you find affordable life insurance over 60?
+…and even more specifically, is it possible to purchase a 30 year term life insurance policy if you are 60 – 65 years old?
+The answer is…it depends!
+Now I am sure you’re scratching your head right now thinking, well that’s not much an answer, oh great life insurance guru!
+But it’s an honest answer.
+Let’s take a look at all the factors that affect your insurability and the affordability of your premiums when you are 60 – 65 years old.
+Life Insurance Over 60 is More Complicated - The Life Insurance Business is All About Risk
+Life insurance underwriters assess the risk of insuring you for the term you want covered.
+As you grow older the risk of dying is, quite simply put, greater. So, the question, “Can you find affordable life insurance over 60?” isn’t cut and dried.
+It really does depend on what you think is affordable AND what your personal circumstances are.
+Let’s take a look at the numbers right now to really get a bead on what this means to you in terms of dollars and cents.
+An insurer’s profitability depends on how well it understands the risks it insures. Underwriting Risk, Investopedia
+Can You Find Affordable Life Insurance Over 60? Your Health Matters
+If you’ve been reading my posts, you know all about life insurance rate classifications. If not, let me fill you in. The healthier you are, the more life insurance companies will reward with savings on your premiums.
+Someone who is a athletic with balanced blood work and a clean family history when it comes to genetically inherited diseases, will likely obtain a preferred plus rating. This translates in much more affordable monthly payments.
+On the other hand, maybe you have a medical condition that only qualifies you for a standard rating. This means you will pay more for your premiums.
+Real Life Samples 20 Year Term - How Your Health Affects Your Premiums in Dollars & Cents
+There is no better way to illustrate just how much your classification can affect your rates than by showing you what it looks like on paper. Let’s say I have a 60 year old client who has been approved by Banner for a 20 year term and $250,000.00 in coverage.
+An underwriter assesses health and habits to determine what his monthly payments will be. Here are the results for three very different sets of circumstances:
+A lower health rating means that you might pay up to 20% more for your coverage. When you apply for a fully underwritten life insurance policy — one that requires you to take a physical, give a blood sample and provide a urine sample — you’ll also be asked a series of questions from your insurance provider that will include questions about your family’s health history. The Street, Life Insurance Isn’t a Lost Cause for Those with a Spotty Health History
+OUCH ! Your Health is Really Worth Thousands
+Wow! As you can see those premiums differ SUBSTANTIALLY! The monthly numbers mask just how much more you’ll pay if your health is not up to snuff or if you smoke.
+To put it into perspective, over the 20 year term a healthy client with a preferred plus rating will pay a staggering:
+This is Why an Independent Agent is So Important!
+Hey! Fear not. I know those numbers look a little scary.
+If you have a medical condition and you’re looking for life insurance over 60, a seasoned independent agent, like those at Huntley Wealth, can help you navigate through choppy waters.
+Although your health classification is VERY important, not all insurers approach medical conditions the same way. Huntley Wealth knows the ins and outs of the companies and could save you thousands – EVEN if you smoke. Call us today! 877.443.9467
+20 Year Term Isn't Enough Coverage - I Still Want a 30 Year Term
+Well I have some good news AND some bad news (depending on how you look at it).
+The good news is, if you are looking for life insurance over 60 you may still qualify for a 30 year term.
+Remember ladies and gentlemen, you are asking a life insurance company to offer you the benefits of term life insurance into your 90’s.
+There is a very strong chance that you will die during the term, which means the life insurance company has every reason to believe your beneficiaries will receive a payout.
+The bad news is, at the time I wrote this article (May 21st 2017) there is only one company that offers a term policy for 30 years. It’s Americo Financial Life and Annuity – and even then you can only buy term life insurance until age 61.
+At 60 - 61 You May Still Be Able to Get a 30 Year Term, But It's Gonna Cost Ya!
+Americo will cover a 61 year old male non smoker in standard health for $693.50 per month. This would provide him with $250,000 of coverage for 30 years.
+Hmmmm. Not exactly friendly price-wise, unless you are pretty well off to begin with. This is why I would opt out of term life insurance altogether for this particular client.
+Whaaaat? But Chris you said term is the right choice for most clients! You’re backtracking.
+Nope! When I said term life insurance is right for most people, most of the time, I meant it. That being said this is one of those times where it doesn’t fit the bill.
+If this client came to Huntley Wealth looking for 30 year coverage, I would steer him towards a Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance policy.
+Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance, A Smart Alternative to 30 Year Term
+Huntley Wealth offers Guaranteed Universal Life up to age 121.
+Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance is the middle ground between whole life insurance and term.
+There is no build up cash value or high administrative fees so it’s affordable. It’s also flexible enough for you to tailor the death benefits to your particular needs.
+Policies are set up to cover you to a specific age, so if you are 65 and looking for 30 years of protection I would recommend Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance until age 95.
+If you aren’t able to qualify for 30 year term and need the coverage, this is a fantastic option because it’s a fraction of the cost of whole life insurance.
+IMPORTANT NOTE: When I say “life insurance TO age 90, 95, or 121” in this article, I’m talking about purchasing coverage when you’re younger. Coverage LASTS until you are 90, 95, or 121. We’re NOT able to insure individuals over age 90!
+Getting the Best Life Insurance Rates Over 60
+Well, there's a big misconception out there that once you reach the age that you can join AARP and buy their life insurance, that's the way to go.
+Wrong!
+The best way to save 10% - 30% or more on life insurance is by using an independent agent with savings strategies like:
+- the Pennies from Heaven Strategy
+- the Special Case Roadshow (Massive savings for people with health conditions)
+- Laddering your Term Maturities
+You can read about ALL these and 25 other ways to save on life insurance by clicking here.
+So How Does Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance to Age 90 Differ from 30 Year Term?
+Finding 30 year term life insurance over 60 is no easy feat and even if you qualify for it, it’s going to be extortionately expensive. I am sure after seeing the cost you are considering taking me up on Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance to age 90.
+With Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance you are basically paying for guaranteed level death benefits and premium payments to age 90.
+It’s technically permanent life insurance, but you don’t overpay for the cash accumulation feature that is attached to whole life policies. This is the reason it’s less expensive along with the fact you don’t have the same administration fees.
+Here are a few sample quotes from Protective life insurance for male non smoking clients that qualify for standard and preferred plus health ratings:
+$250,000 Guaranteed Universal Life Insurance No Lapse Til Age 121
+60 Years Old Standard: $475.16 Preferred Plus: $384.02
+61 Years Old Standard: $503.54 Preferred Plus: $410.17
+62 Years Old Standard: $533.51 Preferred Plus: $439.44
+63 Years Old Standard: $566.08 Preferred Plus: $468.78
+64 Years Old Standard: $599.55 Preferred Plus: $500.34
+65 Years Old Standard: $634.67 Preferred Plus: $532.38
+*These quotes are accurate as of 5/22/17 and are subject to change.
+Huntley Wealth Can Find You Life Insurance Over 60!
+If you are looking for life insurance over 60 there are great options out there. At Huntley Wealth we have more than a decade of experience finding the best possible premiums and coverage for high risk cases.
+Health conditions dramatically affect what your premiums will look like.
+…but our agents know all the ins and outs of the underwriting for specific companies. Remember each insurer treats medical conditions differently and we’re in the know about which companies are most lenient for your particular health concerns.
+It’s not too late to protect your loved ones! We have access to dozens of life insurance companies and will find you the best possible rates. Call today! 877.443.9467
+All Comments.
+Hello i read your information concerning life insurance for ages 60 to 65 well im 63 year old female and is asking for a afforable rate insurance of around 20,000 could you give me a quote or give me your mailing address, im on a fixed income also im a widow Thanks
+Hi Beverly,
+I’ve forwarded your information to Cliff Pendell to help you with your insurance needs
+Chris, I’m 60yrs old, looking for a insurance policy for 50k that will cover me till death. I had two stents put in Oct 2010.
+Hi George,
+I have forwarded your information to Jason Dana to help you with your insurance needs.
+I am 62 and would like a policy that will pay my funeral expenses and give a little to my grandchildren when I pass. What policy would I buy that would give me $20,000 or $30,000 if I pass at 70 or 95? I don’t want to pay and out live the policy. |Thank you
+Hello Leah,
+We can look at two approaches for that kind of coverage – if you are in good, or excellent health, we should look at a fully-underwritten policy that will last the rest of your life. We recommend a Guaranteed Universal Life for this purpose. Alternately, if your health is not-so-good, or if you want the coverage to start more quickly, we can put you into a Guaranteed Issue policy from Gerber Life, which will also cover you as long as you live, and does not go through medical underwriting. This policy uses a Graded-Death Benefit for the first 2 years of coverage, but it’s perfect if a traditional policy will be too expensive or simply unattainable. I will email you directly with more information about both options. Thank you for reaching out!
+We of meeting her for the first time in real life. It was a small group, so I had ample chance to sit and chat with Marie bout her beloved cello and how she was using it to help inspire other people. Her brand of "cello advocacy," or live musical therapy, is pretty unique.
+Our correspondent Mike Lawson also knows Marie well from the online world, so he too was excited to learn more about her story and be able to share it here:
+Special to the 'Mine By Mr. Mike Lawson
+For Marie Smith in Chicago, living with type 1 diabetes isn't a big deal on its own. No, it's just the latest in a long line of medical issues she's been dealing with for the past 15 years.
+Fortunately for us, those health issues paved the way for an incredible advocate to be born for the Diabetes Community and broader e-Patient world, leading Marie to create what's known as the University of Catastrophe -- an online "college program" for people hit with health disasters -- and to use her lifelong passion for playing a cello to educate and entertain people about her multiple autoimmune conditions and a rare form of cancer.
+Marie's journey began on April 15, 1997, the day she woke up in the morning and couldn't see out of her right eye.
+The pressure in that eye made her feel like her eyeball was going to pop and the pain and blurry double vision sent Marie and her husband Steve into a panic that led them to the emergency room.
+Sixteen doctors and more than a year later, she was still in pain and unable to see when she went to a pain specialist who did something that Marie says was unorthodox.
+"The 17th doctor did something revolutionary," she said. "He got a book off the shelf and looked up my symptoms." That was when Marie was told that she had a rare neuromuscular disease. After some tests she was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis (MG), a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the eye muscles and the nerves that control them. The doc gave her a prescription for a drug called Mestinon and she says that within 30 minutes of taking it, the year-long pain in her eye disappeared and her vision returned (!)
+"The other 16 doctors assumed my problem was in my head and I was making things up. That's all I can gather from their dismissive responses. All of them asked me if I was under stress," Marie says, noting that MG is not usually a doctor's daily radar screen. MG is so rare that most doctors will see one MG patient in their entire career.
+"I was the one. And they missed it," she says. "I have PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) from this experience. Being in that much pain and having no one listen harmed me forever."
+Her takeaway message for patients is: If the doctor's opinion doesn't fit, seek another. Trust your body and follow your intuition. I am alive because I did. And for doctor's: Rare diseases are real. They are out there and not in your patient's imagination. If you can't diagnose what is wrong please refer your patient to a diagnostician. And then follow up with a phone call. No one deserves to spend 14 months in agony without anyone listening!
+Courses in Catastrophic Events
+But even after finally receiving the right drug to alleviate her pain, Marie wasn't graduating from The University of Catastrophe just yet. In fact, she was just merely starting her "sophomore year."
+It turns out that myasthenia gravis is sometimes an early warning sign of a rare type of cancer. Just two weeks after she received the MG diagnosis, Marie learned that she had developed thymus gland cancer; there was a tumor in her chest just above her heart.
+On August 21, 1998, at the age of 29, Marie went under the knife to remove the cancerous tumor. The surgery was an intense one that included sawing through her breastbone, butterflying her like a chicken (some might call it a "median sternotomy," but I think the chicken image works just fine), and putting her back together again.
+On the day after the surgery, Marie's heart started to beat erratically and she watched doctors and nurses scramble around her in the ER. She remembers everything fading away and being in peace. She felt calm and quiet. She died. For a few minutes before the doctors shocked her heart back to life...
+"Death is easy," Marie said. "It's a lot like letting go of a string of a balloon." Marie says she remembers consciously deciding to come back to life. "I remember thinking that I have to head back because I have a child. I promised her that I would raise her."
+At the time, her daughter was 8 years old and that promise was what kept Marie going.
+Her health education continued, and Marie's "junior year" began when her MG started to progress in the spring of 2005 and made it difficult for her to walk. She also struggled to chew and swallow food. At this time she had already started her weekly chemotherapy treatments (which she still does to this day). She ended up losing her hair and needing a wheel chair to get around.
+Life went on coping with those health hurdles for a number of years, but last year she hit yet another speed bump on her path toward graduation from the University of Catastrophe.
+More than a dozen years after everything started, the 42-year-old Marie was sitting at a restaurant in 2011 with her husband and daughter, when suddenly the University of Catastrophe struck again. During the time that it took her husband and daughter to each finish one Diet Pepsi, Marie had gulped down 9 glasses of iced tea. Something was wrong.
+After a brief visit to the ER (for an unrelated tooth infection), Marie discovered that she also had type 1 diabetes (!) Another shoe had dropped in her proverbial medical Odyssey.
+Marie says she hasn't yet "graduated," but she has written a book called Life Music: Lessons Learned At The University of Catastrophy. And she admits being emotionally, spiritually and physically exhausted and ready to "graduate."
+"I've been on permanent chemo since 2005. I'm sick of being sick," she said. "I don't know if I can do this much longer."
+Through all of these health challenges, Marie has kept up a passion she'd had since her childhood: playing the cello. This has helped her not only to cope herself, but also to help others who need hope and inspiration.
+Coping via Cello
+Marie has been playing the cello since age 9, and has always loved the experience of that musical instrument. When she was 12, she got an antique cello that has become like a real friend through the years. She even has a name for him: Sir Barclay Winthrop III, whom she fondly refers to as "Sir Barclay." He's now 50 years old, and they've been together for three decades.
+During her cancer recovery time about seven years ago, Marie started developing a performance piece with Sir Barclay that described life with a disability. She's pe
+rformed the piece in front of small groups and larger gatherings of 2,000 people at small community centers, churches, rotary clubs and for women's groups. She created a show called Weaving: An Inspirational Journey about MG, which addresses cancer and overall living well. She's blogged about it, and Marie says she's performed that piece more than 20 times in Illinois and Wisconsin for general audiences.
+But early last year, Sir Barclay was damaged (he "broke his neck") when a heavy door closed on him, causing $300 worth of damage. That was devastating for Marie, who felt like her longtime friend had been badly hurt and she couldn't afford to help get him healed.
+"My problem was that my cello is how I make money. When he was broken, I couldn't play gigs. No gigs means no money. No money means no cello." When Marie mentioned this conundrum on her blog, the Diabetes Online Community rallied by donating money. Some DOCers also contributed in person at a D-Meetup last summer.
+With all this help, she was able to pay for Sir Barclay's repairs, and now she's once again set her sights on using her cello for health awareness and advocacy. She's currently polishing off a brand new piece that she's calling, New Beginnings: A Life Mosiac. Just like her previous show, Marie says this hour-long show will flow between short monologues and pieces of solo cello music. She's mostly playing her own musical compositions, interspersed with talking about her own "adventures" as a disabled person and enduring her health issues -- including the challenges of adding diabetes into her life.
+Her plan is to launch this tour in the summer, possibly for her second diaversary on July 24, 2013. All she needs is a PA system and a chair, and people who want to hear her story with music.
+"Picking up the pieces isn't enough for me. I need to create a mosaic out of them. I need for my life to be whole and strong," Marie says. "For me, music has always spoken the truth where words have failed. I'll be talking about the process of creating a new life, one that has room for chronic illness, and so much more. Diabetes myths and disability myths will be challenged with laughter."
+Marie laughs about how much she loves playing cello, saying, "There's a reason my Twitter handle is @cellobard! If I was born in a different century, I would have been a bard. I'd have been the traveling story teller who played music for people. I used to dream about being a bard when I was a kid. Now... I am one. I want to travel and share life and strength with as many people as possible."
+What an inspiration! We hope we get to see Marie play her cello one day, and when that time comes we'll certainly be sitting up close listening for lessons that can only come from a place like the University of Catastrophe.
+Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is often the treatment of choice for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1, 2]. In a TACE procedure, computed tomography (CT) hepatic arteriography (CTHA) has been reported to provide the highest detection for HCC [3, 4]. However, as super-selective TACE needs to identify and select tumor-feeding arteries that are smaller than the segmental branch, higher-resolution images are required compared to whole-liver TACE [5, 6]. In addition, thin-slice images are indispensable for identifying tiny vessels such as tumor-feeding arteries, but their use involves a greater amount of image noise than thick-slice images, and the increased image noise could prevent the visualization of tiny vessels.
+The hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) with a noise power spectrum (NPS) model is expected to reduce image noise without degrading the spatial resolution [7, 8]. We thus speculated that HIR with the NPS model would be useful for CTHA, and we conducted the present study to assess the objective and subjective image quality of HIR with NPS model for CTHA as compared to both filtered back projection (FBP) and HIR without NPS model.
+The ethics committee of our institution approved this retrospective study with a waiver for the need for informed consent (No, 2020-29).
+The subjects were 26 patients (12 males and 14 females) with 66 HCC nodules from our facility with clinically suspected HCC who underwent CTHA. The trial period was from November 2017 to November 2018. The patients’ average age was 72.6 years (range 50–85 years) and their average body weight was 57.5 kg (range 41.2–91.8 kg). All patients underwent pretreatment physical and laboratory examinations, ultrasound, and three-phase dynamic CT or gadoxetic-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hypervascular HCC was diagnosed based on the patients’ imaging findings in addition to high serum levels of tumor markers. The mean tumor diameter was 9.4 mm (range 4–26 mm).
+Each patient’s CTHA was performed with an interventional radiology CT (IVR-CT) system equipped with 320 detector-row CT (Aquilion ONE ViSION edition; Canon Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). The catheter tip was advanced as close to the tumor as possible. CTHA was performed for the area(s) containing at least one HCC nodule. The CTHA data acquisition began 7–10 s (first phase) and 30 s (second phase) after the initiation of a transcatheter hepatic arterial injection of 10–40 mL of nonionic contrast material (iopamidol, Iopamiron® 150 iodine, 150 mg I/mL; Bayer HealthCare, Osaka, Japan) at a speed of 0.5–2.5 mL/s by an automated power injector. The contrast material was injected until the completion of the scanning of the first phase. The parameters for the scanning were as follows: tube voltage, 120 kV; rotation time, 0.5 s; beam collimation, 80 × 0.5 mm; pitch, 0.81; xyz-axis modulated tube current, 160–700 mA (100–430 mAs tube current-time product) [9].
+Images were reconstructed at 0.5-mm thickness with a 320-mm of field of view. In all acquisitions, FBP and two types of HIR [AIDR 3D mild (AIDR) and AIDR 3D enhanced mild (eAIDR); Canon Medical Systems] with the FC13 kernel were performed. eAIDR is an iterative reconstruction with NPS model that preserves high-frequency noise.
+Four experienced interventional radiologists (YU, YT, YK, and KI) blinded to the patients’ information retrospectively reviewed the findings obtained by CTHA. HCC was defined as nodules that showed high enhancement accompanied by corona enhancement on CTHA. Corona enhancement was defined as peritumoral contrast enhancement on the second phase of CTHA. The noise index of the scan protocols was optimized for AIDR.
+The following parameters were measured on axial images at first phase of CTHA by four readers. 1) The mean CT attenuation of the abdominal aorta and HCC nodules was determined by placing a circular region of interest (ROI). The four readers placed the ROI of the abdominal aorta (ROIAo: mean area 200 mm2) in a cross-section that did not include the contrast material and catheter. The readers also identified the feeding arteries and measured their CT attenuation by a single pixel unit measurement. The CT attenuation of feeding arteries was measured five times, and the mean was obtained by averaging these values. 2) Image noise was determined as the standard deviation (SD) of the CT attenuation in ROIAo. We measured three ROIs in three different sequential slices and calculated the mean of the measurements from all ROIs. 3) The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the HCC nodules and feeding arteries was calculated as SNR = the mean CT attenuation/image noise [10].
+The FBP and eAIDR were compared with the corresponding AIDR. The four interventional radiologists independently assessed all three series one by one, taking into consideration three qualities: 1) the visibility of the tumor, 2) the visibility of feeding arteries distal to the subsegmental branch, and 3) the overall image quality. A semiquantitative seven-point scale was used: from –3 for inferior (impairing the diagnosis) to +3 for superior (easing the diagnosis); –2 for inferior (probably impairing diagnosis) to +2 for superior (probably easing diagnosis); –1 for slightly inferior (no influence on diagnosis) to +1 slightly superior (no influence on diagnosis); and 0, equal. Image quality scores were recoded individually for each of the four readers, and the overall median image quality score was calculated using the scores from all readers.
+For normal-sized abdominal models, we used the Catphan 600 phantom (The Phantom Laboratory, Greenwich, NY) with an attached oval annulus (25 × 35 cm; 95 cm circumference). We used two different modules, that of CTP 404 and CTP 486 (Figure 1). The scan parameters and reconstructions were processed equivalent to the clinical study described above.
+Axial image of the body phantom. A Catphan phantom attached with an oval annulus (25 × 35 cm; 95 cm circumference, The Phantom Laboratory, Salem, NY, USA). a; CTP 404, b; CTP 486.
+For in-plane spatial resolution, we calculated modulation transfer function (MTF) curves according to the disk methodology [11] from the phantom experiments with three disk-shaped objects with a 12 mm diameter in the CTP 404 module: one object with a high contrast level (Teflon, with 850 HU contrast from the background), one with medium contrast (Delrin, 250 HU contrast), and one with low contrast (polystyrene, 140 HU contrast).
+Noise was characterized by calculating the NPS with the CTP 486 module. The NPS was calculated by the radial frequency method with a square ROI of 256 × 256 pixels was placed at the center of each reconstructed image [12]. We also calculated the normalized NPS by using NPS data sets.
+These data were analyzed using the software packages CTmeasure 0.97f (Japanese Society of CT Technology, Hiroshima, Japan).
+The mean CT attenuation, image noise, and SNR were tested with Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Subjective image scores were tested for significance using the Wilcoxon test corrected with the Bonferroni adjustment. Inter-reader reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient. All statistical analyses were carried out using the statistical software package JMP 15.1.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
+The mean CT attenuation of the feeding arteries was significantly higher in eAIDR compared to those in AIDR (514.3 ± 121.4 and 448.3 ± 107.3 HU, respectively; p < 0.05, Table 1). The mean SNR of feeding arteries in eAIDR was significantly higher than that in AIDR (34.1 ± 7.9 and 27.4 ± 6.3 HU, respectively; p < 0.05). The mean image noise was significantly lower in eAIDR than in FBP (15.5 ± 2.2 and 28.5 ± 4.8 HU, respectively; p < 0.05), which resulted in the SNR on eAIDR being significantly higher than that on FBP (all p < 0.05).
+Table 1
+Quantitative image analysis.
+Data are presented as the mean±standard deviation. † FBP: filtered back projection, ‡ AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D, § eAIDR: AIDR enhanced, ¶ SNR: the signal-to-noise ratio.
+* indicate statistically significant difference as compared to FBP.
+** indicate statistically significant difference as compared to AIDR.
+eAIDR was superior to AIDR in terms of improved visibility of the feeding arteries (median; +1, p < 0.05) and overall image quality (median; +1, p < 0.05, Table 2). Compared to AIDR, FBP reduced the overall image quality (median; –1, p < 0.05) but did not affect the visibility of the feeding arteries. Tumor visibility was not significantly different among the three reconstructions. The inter-observer agreement ranged from 0.79 to 0.93, indicating high agreement among the four readers. A representative case is shown in Figure 2.
+Table 2
+Subjective image quality scores.
+Data are mean subjective image quality ratings regarding the visibility of the tumor, the visibility of its associated feeding arteries, and the overall image quality in comparison with baseline AIDR image rating at 0. †FBP: filtered back projection, ‡eAIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D enhanced, §AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D.
+* indicate statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
+A 73-year-old male with HCC (thick arrow) and its feeding artery (thin arrow). Image quality of three reconstruction methods is shown: a, FBP; b, AIDR, and c, eAIDR. The eAIDR yielded noise reduction and high feeding artery contrast enhancement. FBP: filtered back projection; AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D; eAIDR: AIDR enhanced.
+At each contrast level, the spatial frequency at the 10% MTF of the eAIDR was the highest among the three reconstructions, and that of AIDR showed the lowest spatial resolution (Table 3). The NPS curves of eAIDR and AIDR were lower than that of FBP over the entire frequency range (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows the normalized NPS curves; the normalized NPS curves of eAIDR were similar to those of FBP and both lower than those of AIDR.
+Table 3
+Spatial frequency at 10% MTF† at different contrast levels.
+Data are means. †MTF: modulation transfer function, ‡FBP: filtered back projection, §AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D, ¶eAIDR: AIDR enhanced.
+The noise power spectrum curves obtained at different reconstruction. FBP: filtered back projection; AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D; eAIDR: AIDR enhanced.
+The normalized noise power spectrum curves obtained at different reconstruction. FBP: filtered back projection; AIDR: adaptive iterative dose reduction 3D; eAIDR: AIDR enhanced.
+Our quantitative evaluation of CTHA showed that eAIDR with NPS model reduced the image noise and improved the spatial resolution. The qualitative evaluations demonstrated that eAIDR improved the visibility of the feeding arteries without compromising the detection of HCC nodules. The results of the quantitative evaluation in the phantom experiment were in agreement with the results of the clinical study.
+eAIDR was superior to AIDR regarding the visibility of feeding arteries distal to the subsegmental branch. This is because the mean CT attenuation of feeding arteries in eAIDR was significantly higher than that of AIDR, which improved the SNR of the feeding arteries in eAIDR. Therefore, eAIDR is superior to AIDR for visualizing tiny structures on CT arteriography which provides high-contrast images [7].
+We also observed that the tumor visibility was not significantly different among the three reconstructions. Since the hypervascular HCC nodules had sufficient contrast on the images, and we speculate that the image noise had a small effect on the tumor visibility. In addition, the minimum size of the HCC nodules was 4 mm, and thus the tumors were large enough to minimize the effect of the differences in spatial resolution. Therefore, the three reconstructions examined herein did not affect the visibility of the tumors.
+Compared to the AIDR, the subjective overall image quality was reduced in the FBP and improved in the eAIDR. Since the FBP showed more image noise than the AIDR, we suspect that the overall image quality on FBP was lower than on AIDR. The frequency characteristics of the image noise on eAIDR were similar to those on FBP, and eAIDR showed the same image noise as AIDR; this means that eAIDR can perform denoising without image unnaturalness compared to AIDR. We thus considered that eAIDR images are easier for radiologists to accept than AIDR images.
+Two types of iterative reconstruction (IR) methods are used for image reconstruction [i.e., model-based IR (MBIR)] and HIR, and AIDR and eAIDR are classified as HIR. MBIR is superior to HIR in terms of spatial resolution and image noise reduction, but MBIR requires approximately five times more computational time than HIR [13, 14]. In addition, CTHA requires thin-slice images for the identification of feeding arteries, and the need for hundreds of images increases the computational time and affects the throughput of the procedure. eAIDR is useful because it can be reconstructed faster than MBIR, allowing images to be displayed faster during angiography procedures.
+The present study has a few limitations. First, we did not evaluate the recently released deep learning-based reconstruction (DLR) algorithm. DLR algorithms are expected to help reconstructing images more quickly than MBIR and dramatically reduce image noise without compromising spatial resolution [15, 16]. However, the popular IVR-CT does not have the DLR algorithm. Second, the number of patients was relatively small (n = 26), such that our study results require confirmation by future larger studies.
+In conclusion, eAIDR improved the visibility of the feeding arteries associated with HCC nodules on CTHA, without compromising the detection of HCC nodules.
+The authors are grateful to Prof. Kousei Ishigami, Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, for his valuable clinical support.
+The authors have no competing interests to declare.
+Adachi E, Maeda T, Matsumata T, et al. Risk factors for intrahepatic recurrence in human small hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 1995; 108: 768–775. DOI:
+Ko S, Nakajima Y, Kanehiro H, et al. Significant influence of accompanying chronic hepatitis status on recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. Result of multivariate analysis. Ann Surg. 1996; 224: 591–595. DOI:
+Ueda K, Matsui O, Kawamori Y, et al. Differentiation of hypervascular hepatic pseudolesions from hepatocellular carcinoma: value of single-level dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1998; 22: 703–708. DOI:–135. DOI:
+Iwazawa J, Ohue S, Mitani T, et al. Identifying feeding arteries during TACE of hepatic tumors: comparison of C-arm CT and digital subtraction angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009; 192: 1057–1063. DOI:
+Golfieri R, Cappelli A, Cucchetti A, et al. Efficacy of selective transarterial chemoembolization in inducing tumor necrosis in small (<5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepatology. 2011; 53: 1580–1589. DOI:
+Minashima K, Sugisawa K, Yamada Y, Jinzaki M. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of hybrid iterative reconstruction, with and without noise power spectrum models: a phantom study. J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2018; 19: 318–325. DOI:
+Li K, Tang J, Chen GH. Statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) in clinical CT systems: Experimental assessment of noise performance. Med Phys. 2014; 41: 041906. DOI:
+Kalra MK, Maher MM, Kamath RS, et al. Sixteen-detector row CT of abdomen and pelvis: study for optimization of Z-axis modulation technique performed in 153 patients. Radiology. 2004; 233: 241–249. DOI:
+Volders D, Bols A, Haspeslagh M, Coenegrachts K. Model-based iterative reconstruction and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction techniques in abdominal CT: Comparison of image quality in the detection of colorectal liver metastases. Radiology. 2013; 269: 469–474. DOI:
+Richard S, Husarik DB, Yadava G, Murphy SN, Samei E. Towards task-based assessment of CT performance: System and object MTF across different reconstruction algorithms. Med Phys. 2012; 39: 4115–4122. DOI:
+Kijewski MF, Judy PF. The noise power spectrum of CT images. Phys Med Biol. 1987; 32: 565–575. DOI:
+Deák Z, Grimm JM, Treitl M, et al. Filtered back projection, adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction, and a model-based iterative reconstruction in abdominal CT: An experimental clinical study. Radiology. 2013; 266: 197–206. DOI:
+Katsura M, Matsuda I, Akahane M, et al. Model-based iterative reconstruction technique for radiation dose reduction in chest CT: Comparison with the adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technique. Eur Radiol. 2012; 22: 1613–1623. DOI:
+Akagi M, Nakamura Y, Higaki T, et al. Deep learning reconstruction improves image quality of abdominal ultra-high-resolution CT. Eur Radiol. 2019; 29: 6163–6171. DOI:
+Tatsugami F, Higaki T, Nakamura Y, et al. Deep learning-based image restoration algorithm for coronary CT angiography. Eur Radiol. 2019; 29: 5322–5329. DOI:
+There’s nothing more exciting than searching around for some spelt flour substitutes. With baking, a minor change in the flour can lead to a significantly different result. That’s why you need to choose carefully for the most reasonable alternatives to replace your spelt flour.
+Besides that, you’ll need to know about their appropriate conversion ratio, so your dishes won’t end up too dry or too sloppy. All this knowledge will take tons of effort if you try to learn by yourself.
+However, with this article, you don’t have to spend that much time anymore. You’ll find all the information you want here!
+A Simple Lesson About Spelt Flour For All Bakers
+Before learning about other alternatives, here is some essential information about spelt flour that you may find interesting, no matter if you are a beginner or a skilled baker.
+Spelt flour is the production of spelt grains in Europe. Although spelt is also a wheat type, this flour doesn’t contain much gluten like your regular all-purpose flour. That makes it a preferred choice for people with minor gluten sensitivity.
+Spelt flour is appropriate for baked goods like bread, cakes, cookies, or even pasta. However, don’t knead this flour too much, or else it’ll crumble.
+The only problem with spelt flour is it isn’t available everywhere. And even if you find it, this flour will cost you lots of money. That’s why many search for its substitutes. (1)
+This wholemeal spelt bread can capture anyone’s heart. See the video below:
+12 Spelt Flour Substitutes For Your Beautiful Sweet Treats
+You’ve been waiting long enough! It’s time for you to find out all these great replacements for spelt flour and its characteristics. But first, let’s glance at this proportion table below to know how much you should use to replace spelt flour.
+Einkorn Flour
+One of the most suitable replacements for spelt flour is einkorn due to its origin. Einkorn flour is the oldest kind of wheat. You may think of it as the father of later wheat. That feature makes finding it a bit challenging, and its price is slightly high compared to other flours.
+However, I assure you that einkorn’s flavor is worth its cost. It has 30% more protein and 15% less starch than regular wheat flour, not to mention all the nutrients in this flour: vitamin A and B6, potassium, and other minerals.
+While einkorn flour’s gluten content isn’t lower than other flours, its molecular structure is somewhat different, making it easier to digest. You can substitute it with the same amount as spelt flour but with less water (about 1/3 cup less).
+You don’t even have to knead to make this einkorn bread. Video below should be able to help you:
+Kamut Flour
+You may know Kamut flour with its different names: Khorasan or Oriental wheat. But all in all, it’s still ancient wheat with lots of nutrients, just like einkorn flour.
+However, since Kamut flour is higher in fiber than even spelt, when substituting, you need to use more water than required and knead it more thoroughly. Thanks to its buttery and sweet flavor, this flour matches well with any baked desserts: cakes, cookies, bread, etc.
+Also, Kamut has a smaller amount of gluten with a different structure. So, it’s more digestible for people with lower gluten tolerance. However, if you are allergic to gluten or follow a gluten-free diet, you should stay away from this alternative.
+Emmer Flour
+Just like einkorn, emmer flour is an ancient spelt flour’s equivalent since it’s also hulled wheat. Despite containing less gluten than the original, you still shouldn’t serve dishes containing it for people allergic to gluten.
+When it comes to baking bread or muffins, emmer flour will be your perfect choice due to its nutty flavor. You can even make pasta with this flour, but the texture will turn out a bit strange.
+In terms of nutrients, emmer flour won’t lose to other options as it is an excellent source of fiber and protein.
+Amaranth Flour
+Here is some good news for people having a gluten allergy: I have this amaranth flour for you to use instead of spelt flour. Not only is it free of gluten, but this flour also contains lots of fibers, antioxidants, irons, and proteins.
+Made from the seeds of amaranth plants, this flour is more suitable with non-rising recipes like pancakes, flatbread, and biscuits or as a thickening agent for your soups and sauces. Amaranth flour doesn’t have a distinct flavor, but you can taste a nutty hint in it.
+If you insist on using this flour for your baked desserts, try mixing it with other flours, such as wheat, almond, or even spelt flour. The ideal ratio for this mixture is 1:3, one part for amaranth flour and three parts for others.
+Barley Flour
+Containing only about 8% of gluten, barley flour is quite similar to spelt flour with its low gluten content. Thus, you should use it with recipes that need to be leavened.
+Not to mention, barley flour comes with a robust nutty flavor that can easily overpower mild-flavored dishes. Therefore, I recommend you only use it with desserts having dried fruits, nuts, or seeds.
+Moreover, barley flour is denser than spelt flour. You’d want to cut down the amount of it when using. With one cup of spelt flour, 1/2 cup of barley is enough. You can even mix it with some wheat flour to make it easier to handle.
+Make these fluffy barley pancakes to start your day! Watch this video to know more:
+Rice Flour
+If you want another gluten-free choice at a reasonable price, rice flour should be on your list. While rice flour has two different types: white and brown, they mainly refer to the former type when people talk about this flour.
+Since white rice flour gets processed, it doesn’t have the bran – the outer layer of the rice, which means less nutrient than the brown flour. However, with its light texture and mild taste, this rice flour is suitable for almost any dessert: cakes, pancakes, cookies, or pancakes.
+Compared to spelt flour, rice flour is much denser, so you should reduce the amount to only 1/3 cup of white rice flour for one cup of the original. If you want your dishes more flavorful, mix some groundnut powder with the flour.
+Brown Rice Flour
+This one is another rice flour choice, but instead of white rice, it uses brown rice. This ingredient makes it nuttier and grainier than the white brother. It also contains more nutrients, perfect for people concerned about their well-being.
+Since brown rice flour tastes more robust than spelt one, you should avoid using it in recipes with delicate flavors. Quick bread, energy bars, or any dish that doesn’t concern texture and taste are more suitable for this flour.
+One small note: You can hardly find brown rice flour in regular grocery stores. So, I suggest searching for it in some health food stores.
+Now, you can make brown rice flour on your own. See the video below:
+Oat Flour
+Most of you know about oat through oatmeals, but has anyone tried this oat flour? This one is made by grounding the whole oats until they turn fine enough. Thanks to this process, oat flour is an ideal option for those allergic to gluten.
+Besides that, you can find a vital fiber type in oat flour. It’s called beta-glucan, a helpful chemical to lower cholesterol and maintain heart health.
+And don’t think it’ll taste boring. This oat flour is full of sweet and nutty flavor that goes so well with baked desserts like muffins, bread, pancakes, and cookies.
+Buckwheat Flour
+You can see the “wheat” in this flour’s name, but surprisingly, it doesn’t belong to the wheat family. Buckwheat is a plant relating to sorrel or rhubarb, and its seeds are used to make this flour.
+Thus, buckwheat flour is free of gluten, fitting for people with severe gluten allergies. Since it’s pretty dense, buckwheat flour often appears in simple recipes like pancakes, crepes, muffins, and bread.
+With these dishes, you’ll taste the sweetness and nuttiness of this flour clearly. And in Asian countries like China, Japan, or Korea, they even use this flour to make gluten-free noodles.
+Let a Japanese chef teach you how to make their buckwheat noodles (soba).
+Quinoa Flour
+Do you know why some gluten-free flour isn’t suitable for baking? That’s because gluten is necessary to provide structure. Lacking it means your flour can’t rise enough in baking. (2) But now, you can solve this problem with quinoa flour.
+Since it’s high in protein and fiber, this flour is suitable for any kind of baking like bread or cookies. More protein and fiber also mean it’s a nutritious option for your family.
+Compared to other alternatives, quinoa flour may taste a bit bitter, but this flavor will go away if you toast the flour for a short time. Then, all you taste is a grassy and nutty flavor.
+Rye Flour
+If you are a gym lover, you must have tried dishes with rye flour once or twice since it’s a famous ingredient in the fitness world. That’s because this flour is low in gluten yet high in gliadin and fiber.
+Rye flour has three different types with slight differences among them. If you want to make desserts with a light and airy texture, white rye flour should be your priority.
+However, if nutrients are your concern, the perfect one is whole rye flour, also known as pumpernickel flour. This one can only go with dense bread loaf.
+This rye bread is better than anything I’ve eaten. Let’s have a look at the following video!
+Wheat Flour
+Yes, here is the most familiar one with all of you! You can just open your kitchen cabinet and find one package of it sitting right there, waiting for you. And while many people prefer spelt flour over this choice, it can work just fine when push comes to shove.
+That’s because wheat flour is also called “all-purpose flour”, which means you can use it for any recipe, whether it’s cooking or baking. Wheat flour is also easy to use, so you should start with this flour first if you are a baking beginner.
+Some of you might still feel concerned about health issues, so you should opt for the whole wheat option. It’s higher in nutrient content and tastes stronger. You can combine it with other white flours to enhance its texture.
+Detailed Guide For The Most Suitable Spelt Flour Replacement
+Other ingredients can be easily substituted without much thought. But with spelt flour, things get a little different since this flour has several complex features. So, here are some factors you should focus on for the most satisfying choice.
+You’ll know more about the differences between spelt flour and other flours with this instruction.
+Gluten-Free Or Not?
+This feature is more vital than you thought. Most people can’t handle spelt flour because it still contains gluten. If you have a severe gluten allergy, you should choose flour without any gluten to replace spelt, like amaranth or quinoa flour. (3)
+Flavor
+Spelt flour tastes somewhat sweet and nutty at the same time, so you’d want to find some alternatives with the closest flavor to it. However, there’s no harm in trying something with a different flavor for a fun change.
+Availability And Price
+These two are the reasons that many people stay away from spelt flour. It’d be best if you could find some easy-to-find alternatives at a reasonable price, like rice flour. However, depending on the two elements above, you shouldn’t take this factor too seriously.
+FAQs
+Is this the end of this article? Well, don’t rush, my friends! There is still some more information about spelt flour and its alternatives that I want to provide for you. Sit tight and read all the common questions below!
+So, Which Are Your Favorite Spelt Flour Substitutes?
+I know picking only one from this list is difficult for you. But you should consider your dietary requirements and preferences before choosing, so the outcome won’t disappoint you. If you aren’t gluten-free, you can combine several flours.
+And don’t forget to share this article with your baking fellows for your next dessert party! Let me know if you have other ideas regarding this topic via comment.
+References
+- En.wikipedia.org. 2021. Spelt – Wikipedia.
+- Bakeinfo.co.nz. 2021. What role does gluten play in bread making?- BakeInfo (Baking Industry Research Trust).
+- Healthline. 2021. Is Spelt Gluten-Free?.
+In the Supreme Court of India
+Criminal Original Jurisdiction
+------------------------WRIT PETITION (CRL) NO. 32 OF 2016
+(Petition under Article 32 of the Constitution of India)
+(PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION)
+IN THE MATTER OF:
+Kamini Jaiswal,
+43, Lawyers, Chamber,
+Supreme Court of India,
+New Delhi 110001….............................................................Petitioner,
+v.
+1.
+2.
+3.
+4.
+5.
+Union of India,
+Ministry of Home Affairs
+Thr. its Secretary
+North Block
+Central Secretariat
+New Delhi – 11000,
+Delhi Police,
+Thr. The Commissioner of Police,
+I.P. Estate, ITO,
+New Delhi
+Vikram Singh Chuan,
+Advocate
+Through;
+Bar Council of India
+21, Rouse Avenue Institutional Area,
+Near BalBhawan,
+New Delhi – 110002
+Yashpal Singh,
+Advocate
+Through;
+Bar Council of India
+21, Rouse Avenue Institutional Area,
+Near BalBhawan,
+New Delhi – 110 002
+Om Sharma
+Advocate
+Through;
+Bar Council of India
+21, Rouse Avenue Institutional Area,
+Near Bal Bhawan,
+New Delhi – 110 002 …............................................ Respondents.
+2
+In the Supreme Court of India
+Criminal Original Jurisdiction
+REPLY BRIEF FOR THE RESP. 5, VIKRAM S. CHAUHAN IN OPPOSITION
+TO,
+THE HON‘BLE THE CHIEF JUSTICE OF INDIA AND HIS
+COMPANION JUDGES OF THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA:
+Respondent, Vikram Singh Chauhan (“Chauhan”) through his
+advocates, Karamvir Dahiya and Ajay Pal, respectfully submit the
+following Reply to the Writ Petition ("Writ"):
+This writ under article 32 of the constitution is not maintainable
+and if not dismissed, it must be remanded to Delhi High Court, pursuant
+to articles 227 and 235. Entertaining requested relief by the Petitioner
+vis-à-vis Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in this forum based on
+delineated unique facts results in erosion of independence of the
+subordinate judiciary and the pleadings also clearly do not comport
+with the standard required for issuance of "suo motu" contempt
+initiation. This petition opens an undesireable litigation front, likely to
+reach inconsistent outcomes, as the lowers courts are seized with the
+matter, administratively and judicially.
+Brief Narrative:
+1.
+Adduced from the disparate media outlets--print and online--the
+Petitioner, advocate Kamini Jaiswal (“Jaiswal”) along with her colleague
+advocate Prashant Bhusan (“Bhusan”) moved this Court to,
+Issue an appropriate writ, order or direction to constitute a
+Special Investigation Team to investigate the incidents of attack on
+15.02.2016 and 17.02.2016 by some lawyers and others in the
+premises of Patiala house [sic] court on the journalists, students,
+teachers, defense lawyers and the accused person, and, if found
+guilty, initiate action them [sic] in accordance with law.
+Issue suo moto contempt proceeding against the Respondent
+Nos. 3-5 for interfering in the administration of justice and for
+willfully violating the orders dated 17.02.2016 of this Hon’ble Court,
+3
+and, if found guilty, take consequent action there upon in exercise of
+the constitutional provisions; [and]
+Pass such further and other orders as the Court may deem fit in
+the interest of justice and circumstances of the present case.
+Writ Petition (CRL) No. 32 of 2016 ("WP). And to provide gravity to this
+PIL, Ms. Jaiswal on penalty of perjury affirmed with the following barebone statements:
+That I have read the contents of the List of dates and
+Synopsis (Pages B to I), Writ Petition (Pages 1 to 19, para 1-10) and
+the contents of the same are believed to be true and correct to the
+best of my knowledge and based on the records of the case.
+I further state that all the Annexures to this Writ Petition
+are true copies of their respective originals. The instant public
+interest litigation is being filed without guided by any personal
+interest, private motive or oblique reasons.
+Ibid. P. 20. The Petitioner also attached some media and interested
+parties' affidavits [including those who are counselors for the petition
+subject, Kanhaiya Kumar]. With such gaunt media-fed impressions of
+incidents and self-arrogated perception of factual background, Ms.
+Jaiswal and her advocate Mr. Bhushan asserts this PIL. This PIL
+requisitions a very dramatic relief, i.e. constitution of "Special
+Investigation Team" ("SIT") and issuance of sua sponte contempt
+proceeding against Vikram Chauhan (“Chauhan”), Yashpal Singh, and
+Om Sharma. This is simply untenable—procedurally and substantively-in law and equity. And this PIL must be dismissed for abuse of process
+of Court—“There have been, in recent times increasingly instance of abuse
+of PIL.” Even if someone is wronged, “PIL is not a not a pill or a panacea
+for all wrongs.” Chairman & M.D. B.P.L. Ltd v. S.P. Gururaja (2003) 8 SCC
+567. Moreover the subject of the PIL is not the Petitioner, but
+vicariously, one Kanhaiya Kumar (“Kumar”).
+Kanhiya Kumar Cannot be a PIL Subject
+4
+2.
+Mr. Kumar is someone “who has claimed himself to be a public
+figure and member of AISF Students Political Party affiliated to
+Communist Party of India. He is also President of Jawaharlal Nehru
+University Students Union and “actively involved in various activities
+carried out in the University.” Also, he is “pursuing Ph.d. at School of
+International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University.” See Justice Pratibha
+Rani’s oral decision in W.P. (CRL) 558/2016 & Crl. M.A. Nos. 3237/2016
+& 3262/2016, High Court of Delhi setting conditional release of Mr.
+Kumar confronting sedition charges. Thus factual projection of PIL, or
+finding of Justice Pratibha Rani militates against according a PIL relief
+candidature to Mr. Kumar. None of the established precedents of this
+Court had such a person seek judicial relief vicariously through third
+party crutches. Indeed established guidelines had and have only those
+infirm, ignorant, poor, downtrodden ones who were provided this
+window of PIL, or others espousing a bigger challenge to vires of laws or
+public policies. Unlike Part III of the Constitution, PIL is not a right but a
+judicial privilege—Mr. Kumar does not qualify for it. If we accord such a
+privilege for a doctoral scholar, leader of student body who has now
+picked up the gauntlet to change the entire political and social
+landscape of India, then we have lost the meaning of downtrodden and
+helplessness.
+Standing and Genesis of PIL does not Warrant Relief Here
+3.
+Article 32 guarantees, “the right to move Supreme Court” for
+“enforcement of rights conferred by this part [III].” Art. 32 (1). However
+the rights are not vicariously “conferred,” they are vested in each person
+on an individuated basis per as part III of the constitution. These Part
+5
+III rights are neither assignable nor compromise-able as they inhere
+constitutionally by virtue of being a citizen of Republic of India.
+Proscribed are the laws that infringes on these Part III rights. And the
+Supreme Court shall enforce such a “Part III” right when such
+infringement occurs. Art. 32 (2). Also, “jurisdiction conferred on this
+Court by Art. 32 can be exercised for the rights conferred by Part III and
+for no other purpose.” Fertilizer Corporation Kamgar Union (Regd.),
+Sindri v. UOI, (1981) 1 SCC 568: 1981) 2 SCR 52 [C.J. Chandrachud, 5
+Judge Bench]. “The violation of a fundamental right is the sine qua non
+of the exercise of the right conferred by Art. 32.” Id. The Court further
+reinforced “special limitation of Art. 32 which is the passport to this
+Court” and reiterated: “The court cannot usurp or abdicate, and the
+parameters of judicial review must be clearly defined and never exceeded.”
+Ibid. Thus, an individual can complain if his or her rights are impaired
+without due process of law. However for vindication of such rights, it is
+well established jurisprudence of common law and out country that a
+litigant must have stakes in the outcome of the dispute. It must be his or
+her rights. Impersonal and speculatory briefing will not do in a judicial
+forum—direct legal interest must flow from the outcome of the dispute
+before it is entertained. Northern Plastic Ltd. Hindustan Photo Films Mfg.
+Co. Ltd., (1997) 4 SCC 452: Anand Mills Co. Ltd. State of Gujarat, (1975) 2
+SCC 175: AIR 1975 SC 1234. Of course, under the rubric PIL, this
+standing has a permissive tenor as opposed to individuated relief.
+However, only when a helpless and disabled downtrodden community
+or victims’ cause is espoused, Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India,
+(1984) 3 SCC 161(bonded labor caused picked up on behest of a an
+6
+organization dedicated to the cause of release of bonded labourers in
+the country). Or, when vagaries of a law or state grants is challenged as
+running afoul of our constitutional scheme. See Sarbananda v. UOI
+(2005) 5 SCC 665: AIR 2005 SC 2920 (allowing a member of Parliament
+challenge to the migrants determination under Illegal Migrants
+(Determination by Tribunals) Act, 1983); Piloo Mody v. Mahrashtra
+(1975) Miscellaneous Petition No. 519 of 1974, decided by Gandhi J., on
+October 22, 1975 (Unrep); Thus Courts do bend backward to
+accommodate the pressing issues of times and needs:
+The substance of the matter is obvious and formal defects, in
+such circumstances, fade away. We are not dealing with a civil
+litigation governed by the Civil Procedure Code but with an
+industrial dispute where the process of conflict resolution is
+informal, rough-and-ready and invites a liberal approach.
+Procedural prescriptions are handmaids, not mistresses of
+justice and failure of fair play is the spirit in which Courts must
+view processual deviances. Our adjectival branch of
+jurisprudence, by and large, deals not with sophisticated
+litigants but the rural poor, the urban lay and the weaker
+societal segments for whom law will be an added terror if
+technical mis-descriptions and deficiencies in drafting
+pleadings and setting out the cause-title create a secret
+weapon to non-suit a party. Where foul play is absent, and
+fairness is not faulted, latitude is a grace of processual justice. short-comings.
+Mumbai Kamgar Sabha, Bombay v. Abdulbhai Faizullabhai & Ors, (1976)
+3 SCC 832, 837 (Justice Iyer). However, not every issue or filer of PIL is
+viable or shall stay. This Court addressing the standing issue, quoting
+Justice Krishna Iyer--“In a society where freedoms suffer from atrophy,
+and activism is essential for participative public justice, some risks have
+to be taken and more opportunities open-ed for the public minded
+citizen to rely on the legal process and not be repelled from it by narrow
+pedantry now surrounding locus standi,”—made it clear—“we must be
+7
+careful to see that the member of the public, who approaches the Court in
+cases of this kind, is acting bona fide and not for personal gain or private
+profit or political motivation or other oblique consideration.” S.P. Gupta v.
+UOI, AIR 1982 SC 149. The Court further admonished that, “it is not
+every default on the part of the State or a public authority that is
+justiciable. The court must take care to see that it does not overstep the
+limits of its judicial function and trespass into areas which are reserved to
+the Executive and the Legislature by the Constitution.” Id. Also, in spirit
+and stature it must be confined to its essential purpose,.
+R. M. Trust v. Kora Mangla Vigilance Group, AIR 2005 SC 894 quoting
+Justice Hon'ble Pasayat J from Dattaraj Nathuji Thaware Vs. State of
+Maharashtra & Ors. (S.L.P.(c) No.26269 of 2004). One essential aspect
+of this PIL overlooked is that the subject of the PIL already has a pool of
+popular lawyers assisting him through the legal maze as is seen from his
+obtaining of inter-im bail from Delhi High Court. Also, Mr. Kumar, a bare
+google of and other media would shows that he is an active politician
+now, campaigning countrywide for social justice. He cannot be a
+candidate of a third party espousing through a PIL, his judicial redress.
+He must do it himself, in his own name or through his counsel.
+Bereft of Admissible Facts, Laden with Conjectures, this PIL Merits
+Dismissal in limine
+4.
+Mr. Bhusan via Ms. Jaiswal, the petitioner, provides the basis for
+this PIL filing:
+8
+The immediate cause of filing this petition is the facts which
+have come light about the blatant violation of the rule of law
+and also contempt on the face of court committed by certain
+lawyers, including Respondent Nos. 3 to 5 on 15.02.2016 and
+17.02.2026 in the Patiala House court premises and complete
+inaction of the Delhi Police which has been exposed by the
+report dated 18/02/16 of senior advocates appointed as court
+commissioners by this court, report dated 19.02.2016 of the
+National Human Rights Commission as well the sting operation
+dated 22.02.2106 [sic] conducted by India Today news channel.
+PIL P # 3, ¶ 1. The source of “facts which have come to light” qua
+respondents Vikram Singh Chauhan, Yaspal Singh and Om Sharma is
+none other than, “various reports including media reports and the sting
+operation aired on the India Toda news channel.” Supra PIL, ¶ 5.
+Petitioner, further advances exhibits, as Annexure , interalia, P-1, 5, 11,
+12, 13, 14, and 15. The undersigned do not wish to dispense in toto, the
+role a press might play. Laudable indeed is the sensitivity of the
+Petitioner to the press—press had been a source of the PIL in the past—
+for instance, Bhagalpur Jail’s blinding of inmates, by virtue of
+competitive journalism of Sunday Weekly and Indian Express; abject
+predicament of bonded labors, once again exposed by the media and
+judicial scepter picked up by the Supreme Court to excise evil. Jurist like
+Upendra Baxi has vouched and eulogized their role. See Baxi, Upendra
+(1985) "Taking Suffering Seriously: Social Action Litigation in the
+Supreme Court of India," Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 4, Article 6.
+But all this has to be a product of competent “investigative journalism.”
+Despite such reliance, it is clear: A trial by press, electronic media or
+public agitation is the vey antithesis of rule of law.” Sahara India Real
+Estate Corpn. Ltd. v. SEBI, (2012) 10 SCC 603 quoting State of
+Maharashtra v. Rajendra J. Gandhi (1997) 8 SCC 386. Emphasis added.
+This is precisely what Mr. Bhusan and Ms. Jaiswal have embarked
+upon—solely creating their own judicial nuance with nominal factual
+9
+backing. Further, this Court can judicial notice of events or records being
+established out of court, (§ 57, The Indian Evidence Act, 1872) and is not
+bound by the trial courts nitty-gritty however, no judicial notice could be
+taken of a press vying with each other to be more sensational.
+Sting Operation is Inadmissible
+5.
+Ms. Jaiswal contends that a purported “Sting Operation” executed
+by India Today is material enough to indict the Respondents for a “suo
+motu” contempt. Petitioner Ex. P-14. Further, the Sting Operation,
+proffered in evidence here is not by a law enforcement agencies, but a
+private party, a media company, India Today. This non-governmental,
+offered heft must be discarded as we stand counseled by this Court,
+Being essentially a deceptive operation, though designed to nab
+a criminal,. . . . Nonetheless, the question that arises in the
+present case is what would be the position of such operations if
+conducted not by a State agency but by a private individual. . . . inherent possibilities of abuse of the operation as
+videographed, namely, retention and use thereof to ensure
+delivery of the favours assured by the receiver of the bribe has
+to be excluded before liability can be attributed or excluded.
+Rajat Prasad v. Respondent: CBI (2014) 6 SCC 495. Further, it is true that
+Article 32 and or 32 proceedings, PIL, can be instituted even by filing of
+a letter. However when it is a counseled Petition, it must have more.
+And that more means--pleading with traction, facts speaking for
+themselves.
+10
+5.1. Further, restrictive of the PIL compass vis-à-vis Respondents
+numbered 3 to 5 is the accusation against them, which is of a serious
+genre--assault, grievous hurt to Mr. Kumar, criminal intimidation, petrol
+bomb threats and a resulting contempt of this Court. Such accusation
+are not a fit matter for the Apex Court, dealing with higher principles of
+laws and appeals, namely appellate and judicial reviews. At this
+appellate level, findings of fact are subjected to very limited review and
+conclusion of law are usually granted deference unless nondiscretionary. This limited review might jeopardize the rights of the
+respondents, who are equally entitled to due process. One right is
+openly confronting witnesses, level play field and right to appeal.
+Admitted that the jurisdiction under Article 32 is original, however
+Supreme Court despite assistance of commissioners or other ad hoc
+appointed masters cannot supplant the role of the “The Code of Civil
+Procedure,” 1908 (CPC) and “The Code of Criminal Procedure,” 1973
+(CrPc). Cf. Khatri v. State of Bihar, (1981) 2 SCC 493 (rejecting
+application of CrPC application, finding Art. 32 proceedings as neither
+“inquiry” nor a “trial” for an offense). CPC and CrPC are enacted to provide
+a fair and right opportunity to the parties to a litigation. When prosecuting or
+defending, or claiming individually against another party, our common law
+system provides an adversarial system with the right to confront witness
+before a neutral judge—CPC and CrPC ensures the same. Sidestepping such
+due process rights of Respondents numbered 3 to 5 and putting them through
+a PIL process wherein they have limited resources is indeed a denial of due
+process and part III rights guaranteed under the Constitution.
+Kumar has and availed Available Remedies
+11
+6.
+Petitioner contends not that Mr. Kumar has not been given a
+forum for redress, his bail hearing etc. but that there were extraneous
+impediments created by omission and commission of Patiala House
+security personals and some lawyers. Mr. Kumar had immediate access
+and effective remedy with the High Court, which is primarily entrusted
+with the functioning of the subordinate judiciary, Arts. 227 and 235. See
+Mahamudal Hassan v. UOI, AIR 2010 SC (Supp) 23 (1). The Petitioner
+sought refuge with the Supreme Court, for a candidate who had direct
+access to Delhi High Court. The Petitioner reflects not that he did not
+have his day in the court of law, but that he confronted very hostile
+motley crowd of lawyers and or was assaulted by them. But, private
+assaults are not grounds for invoking article 32 protection. Defining
+the parameters or grounds for invoking jurisdiction of this Court under
+art. 32, the constitutional bench quoting Ujjam Bai v. State of UP, (1963)
+1 SCR 778: AIR 1962 SC 1621, reflected that in “three class of cases a
+question of enforcement of fundamental rights may rise; and if it does
+arise, an application under article 32 will lie.” These cases are:
+(1)
+(2)
+(3)
+where action is taken under a statute which is ultra vires the
+Constitution;
+where the statute is intra-vires but the action taken is without
+jurisdiction; and
+where the action taken is procedurally ultra vires as where a quasijudicial authority under an obligation to act judicially passes an order
+in violation of the principles of natural justice.
+Naresh Shridhar Mirajkar v. State of Maharashtra, (166) 3 sCr744: AIR
+1967 SC 1 [9 Judge Bench]. Here, Mr. Kumar finally had his day in the
+Court, had his bail set and released. As far as private assault etc. are
+concerned, Mr. Chauhan has been arrested upon filing of FIR and he is
+cooperating with the investigation, rendering moot Petitioner claims
+that there is no charges filed against the respondents.
+12
+PIL's Requisitioned Special Investigation Team Dilutes
+Governmental Agencies Roles and their Accountability
+7.
+The petitioner request a constitution of a "Special Investigation
+Team" ("SIT") to "investigate the incidents of attacks on 15.02.2016
+and 17.02.2016 by some lawyers and others in the premises of Patiala
+[H]ouse on the journalists, students, teachers, defense lawyers and the
+accused person," and "if found guilty initiate action [against] them in
+accordance with law." PIL, P. 19. ¶ (a). However, the Petitioner
+pleading makes an abysmal ground for such a body, rather it shows no
+ground, no facts for such an approach. A bald assertions praying for a
+SIT with no backing factual or legal is inexplicable, especially coming
+from the mavens of PILs, Mr. Bhusan and Ms. Jaiswal.
+7.1. This Court clearly has the powers to constitute investigative body
+or a special master/commissioner tasked with specific agenda on an ad
+hoc basis. But that must not be done here, as it would be redundant.
+First, there is an body extant for such investigation. Second,
+investigation is already done and the alleged violaters have been
+booked and released on bail. Third, there is no showing of futility of the
+existing on-going investigation. Fourth, National Human Rights
+Commission issued its own report. Fifth, Delhi Police, primarily tasked
+(law and order) submitted its report. The Registrar General, Delhi too
+submitted its report.
+7.2. Adding another layer fact-finding body would not add any
+credibility or unearth any other hitherto missed events or incidents. The
+foregoing reports of Delhi Police and Registrar General are more
+contemporaneous and are integral to their functions--such role cannot
+be usurped barring very extra-ordinary circumstances. Intended SIT
+13
+formation here chips away the integral aspect of the governing
+structure, and is an undesirable pressure on the judiciary to intrude into
+other arms of the government.
+7.3. Courts have indeed, though PILs formed investigative committee
+on an ad-hoc basis. And it is understandable, for instance a fact-finding
+committee appointed by Order of the Supreme Court dated 1 August
+1991, in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 12125 of 1984 regarding violation of
+bonded labor laws as well exploitation of Children; fact-finding
+commission in May 2015 in PIL of Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha v. Union
+of India to report on ground situation along the Indo-Bangladesh border
+running through Assam. But these fact findings in PIL are more for a
+sustained, continuous failure of the governing machinery and human
+rights abuses. Not for one individual, but only when societal interests
+were involved on a sustained basis, would this Court use its judicial
+powers to create such fact finding bodies. For instance, see M.C. Mehta
+v. Union of India, (1987) 4 S.C.C. 463 (establishing fact-finding
+commissions to analyze air quality in Delhi, and issue recommendations
+for improving air quality); Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra v.
+State of U.P. 1989 SCC Supl. (1) 537 (appointing a Committee for
+inspection of the mines with a view to securing assistance in the
+determination as to whether safety standards laid down in the Mines
+Act of 1952 and the Rules made thereunder have been followed).
+However, here fact finding that too through PIL for one individual's
+issue, who have allegedly been assaulted, with ultimate findings inuring
+to the same individual does not create a basis enough to constitute SIT.
+Systematic and rampant break down of a system on an recurring basis
+14
+clearly warrants such a relief, but it is one individual and his issue
+without any macro-operational aspect. These fact findings, prosecution
+etc. are clearly within the Executive domain operating through its police
+force and other law and order maintenance agencies. This Court has
+taken over the roles of Executive [Respectfully, to be done in very rarest
+or rare and only upon complete break down of governmental
+machinery]. For instance, Vineet Narain v. Union of India, (1998) 1 S.C.C.
+226 (issuing directives blocking the Prime Minister’s office from
+controlling the Central Bureau of Investigation inquiry into the Jain
+Hawala scandal, and directions to the Central Bureau of Investigation);
+Subramanian Swamy v. Union of India, (2012) 3 S.C.C. 1 (cancelling 122
+telecom licenses); Manohar Lal Sharma v. Principle Secretary, (2014) 9
+S.C.C. 516 (India) (cancelling approximately 200 licenses for coal blocks
+for mining granted since 1993). All the foregoing were those cases
+wherein a larger public interest was involved and benefits sought were
+for public at large and impacted parties again was a public at large. Here
+it is one individual. The undersigned do not undermine or pooh-pooh
+Mr. Kumar's rights, rather support his rights, but the mechanism
+invoked and requested relief of SIT does not fit the history and
+precedents of this Court. The local police entrusted with the task has
+already accomplished the fact findings and investigation is on-going; Mr.
+Chauhan has been arrested and is released on bail.
+Relegation Rule Warrants Dismissal of this Case
+8.
+Despite different rules and procedures employed in CPC, and
+also the presence of the "inherent powers" of this Court, Abdul Jalil v.
+State of Uttar Pradesh, (1984) 2 SCC 138, for eliciting evidences etc., the
+15
+scenario here warrants remand or relegation of parties to the district
+court for marshalling of facts. Steel Authority of India Ltd. v. National
+Union of Waterfront Workers, (2001) 7 SCC 1 ( holding that
+determination of the questions requires inquiry into disputed questions
+of facts which cannot conveniently be made by High Courts in exercise
+of jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution. Therefore, in such
+cases the appropriate authority to go into those issues will be industrial
+tribunal/court); Gulabdas v. Assistant Collector of Customs, AIR 1957 SC
+733 (holding that investigation into disputed facts and materials not
+appropriate under Art. 32); Bokaro & Ramgar Ltd. v. State of Bihar,
+1962 Supp (3) SCR 831 (undisputed facts alone makes a case for judicial
+intervention by a constitutional court for vindicating fundamental
+rights); Bishambar Dayal v. State of U.P. (1982) 1 SCC 39 (holding that
+the "facts being controverted, the petitioners have no right to relief
+under Article 32 of the Constitution"). The central gravamen of the
+Petitioner is that Mr. Kumar was denied due process. Now he has been
+given due process, he met the trial judge, and is released on bail now.
+Due process rights, protection forming the core of Part III of the
+Constitution are rights against the commissions and omissions
+government and not against private individuals. The Respondents 3 to
+5 have already been booked and being proceeded against, a parallel fact
+finding entity, via article 32 would not inure to any benefit. Also, art. 32
+cannot be a proceeding against individuals, unless they are a part of the
+state machinery. One does not file assault charges against individuals
+through art. 32 or 226 proceedings, nor is art. 32 or 226 a refuge in any
+manner of charges against non-state entities. Golaknath, I.C. v. State of
+16
+Punjab, AIR 1967 SC 1643 ("Fundamental Rights are those rights which
+the State enforces against itself."). Individuals have been arrayed as
+party defendant, however only if they are holding governmental
+positions, or influencing governmental course and entailing public
+interest. M.C. Mehta v. Kamal Nath (1997) 1 SCC 388. (Petition dealing
+with country's former Environment and Forests Minister).
+8.1. Mr. Chauhan, respondent herein has already been indicted,
+arrested, released on bail with further prosecutorial steps being
+executed. At this stage to have a SIT would be running afoul of a system,
+where a constitutionally established governmental agency is fulfilling its
+role--it must not be allowed to be snapped. What Petitioner contends
+here and what FIRs etc. have been filed with the local police precincts
+are emanating from the same incidents, a single occurrence, which
+cannot be bifurcated as one exclusively for Police investigation and
+other for SIT--that is nonsensical.
+Article 227 and 235 demands that this Court either dismiss this
+Petition or Remand it to Delhi High Court
+9.
+The control of Subordinate judiciary, like trial court in Patiala
+House is vested with the Delhi High Court, pursuant to article 227 and
+235. The petition complains:
+The immediate cause of filing this petition is the facts
+which have come to light about the blatant violation of the rule
+of law and also contempt on the face of court committed by
+certain lawyers, including Respondent Nos. 3 to 5, on
+15.02.2016 and 17.02.2016 in the Patiala House court
+premises and complete inaction of the Delhi Police which has
+been exposed by the report dated 18/2/16 of 5 senior
+advocates appointed as court commissioners by this court,
+report dated 19.02.2016 of the National Human Rights
+Commission as well the sting operation dated 22.02.2106
+conducted by the India Today news channel. PIL ¶ 1.
+And,
+That the Respondent No. 2 has grossly direlected in its
+duties in failing to provide safety and security to the litigants,
+17
+the
+Also,
+journalists and others in the Patiala House Court premises on
+day when the incident of took place. PIL ¶ 4.
+On 15.02.2016 when Kanhaiya Kumar was to be
+produced before the Magistrate at Patiala House Courts,
+students and teachers from JNU and journalists were attacked
+by some criminal elements, including advocates and a sitting
+member of the Delhi legislative assembly, in Patiala House
+Court. The injured journalist and defense advocates
+approached the police to register FIRs on the basis of a written
+complaint and to give the names of the advocates who were
+leading the attack but even though the facts of the said event
+were in public domain and the pictures and videos of the said
+advocates and MLA were being circulated in the media, still the
+Delhi police refused to register FIR on the basis of the said
+complaint. . . . Despite the fact that the entire incident was
+widely reported in newspaper reports and some of the
+lawyers, including the Respondent Nos 3 to 5 were not only
+identified but they also admitted their involvement, still the
+police did not make any attempt to arrest them. PIL ¶ 8.3.
+Referring to a subsequent event, it alleges,
+That on 17.02.2016, at around 2 pm, the Petitioner’s
+counsel got a call from one of the defense lawyers who had
+been permitted by this Hon’ble Court to be present at the Court
+of the Shri Loveleen, Metropolitan Magistrate, Patiala House
+Court. The Petitioner’s counsel was told that total
+pandemonium had broken out at the court premises and the
+defense lawyers had been forced to lock themselves inside the
+court room in order to save their lives from the unruly mob of
+lawyers. The petitioner’s counsel immediately mentioned the
+events which were being transpired at the Patiala House Court
+premised before the accused Kanhaiya Kumar could be
+produced the MM. While this Hon’ble Court was waiting to get
+the version of the Delhi Police on this,pm, the court appointed
+committee submitted its oral report that the accused was badly
+beaten up, journalists bashed up and police again failed to
+maintain law and order. The committee also mentioned that
+they were abused in filthy language and pelted with flower
+pots, pebbles and water bottles. It was also informed that
+lawyers and journalists were locked inside the court room. PIL
+¶ 8.5-6.
+Irrespective of the type of narration, the Petitioners herein complains
+about nothing more than a "law and order" situation. PIL. There is no
+challenge to law, policy or interpretation of law, but of law enforcement.
+Ibid. This being a "law and order" situation, it belongs to the High Court.
+It would be a structural error to transgress or usurp the role of High
+18
+Court, a Court of competent jurisdiction vested with this home work, i.e
+functioning of the trial courts.
+9.1. Article 227 declaring " [p]ower of superintendence over all courts
+by the High Court," reiterates that, '[e]very High Court shall have
+superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories
+interrelation to which it exercises jurisdiction . . . the High Court may
+(a) call for returns from such courts, (b) make and issue general rules
+and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and proceedings of such
+courts . . . ." Art. 227.
+9.2. This "power of superintendence" over lower courts is both
+judicial and administrative. Waryam Singh v. Amarnath, AIR 1954 SC
+215: (1954) SCR 565 (upholding power of judicial superintendence to
+the High Court apart from and independently of the provisions of other
+laws conferring revisional jurisdiction on the High Court). See also,
+Achuthananda Baidya v. Prafulla Kumar Gayen, AIR 1997 SC 2077;
+(1997) 5 SCC 76 (reinforcing High Court power under art. 227 in cases
+of erroneous assumption of jurisdiction, error of law and procedure by
+the lower courts).
+9.3. Article 235 further bolster the position of the High Courts over its
+subordinated lower courts in its territorial jurisdiction. Article 235 with
+emphasis on "control" "vest[ing]" in High Court, the subordinate
+judiciary speaks in most unequivocal terms that the it is the Delhi High
+Court here, that has first and complete authority over the functioning or
+breakdown of "law and order" of its lowers courts and respectfully, not
+this Court. Control under art. 235 is expansionist, exclusive and
+subsuming within its ambit, matters related to disciplinary, suspension
+19
+from service, transfer, promotion, retirement, including administrative
+ones. Chief Justice of Andhra Pradesh v. L.V. A. Dikshitula, AIR 2002 SC
+1589 ("the control over the subordinate judiciary vested in the High
+Court under Article 235 is exclusive in nature, comprehensive in extent
+and effective in operation"). Also, "[i]n Article 235, the word 'control' is
+accompanied by the word "vest" which shows that the High Court alone
+is made the sole custodian of the control over the judiciary. The control
+vested in the High Court being exclusive, and not dual, an inquiry into
+the conduct of a member of the judiciary can be held by the High Court
+alone and no other authority." Id. citing State of West Bengal v.
+Nripendra Nath Bagchi, 1966 SCR (1) 771; Shamsher Singh v. State of
+Punjab, 1975 SCR (1) 814. High Court ensures the day to day workings
+of its subordinate courts, including disciplinary control. G.S. Naggamoti
+v. State of Mysore, (1969) 3 SCC 325. Also, Baradakanta Mishra v. H.C. of
+Orissa, (1976) 3 SCC 327; In State of Haryana v. Inder Prakash Anand
+H.C.S. & ors., [1976] (Supp) S.C.R. 603 ( holding that "control" of article
+235 includes both disciplinary and administrative jurisdiction).
+Petitioner contends about misbehavior of the advocates from
+Respondent 3 to 5, however same also falls under the supervision and
+control of the High Court as the subordinate court was engaged in the
+overseeing the case of Mr. Kumar. Ishwar Chand Jain vs High Court Of
+Punjab & Haryana, 1988 SCR Supl. (1) 396 ("Under the Constitution the
+High Court has control over the subordinate judiciary. . . . it is under a
+constitutional obligation to guide and protect judicial officers. . . . An
+honest strict judicial officer is likely to have adversaries in the mofussil
+courts. . . . ."). This power under article 235 is a constitutional power
+20
+and it "cannot be circumscribed by any rule or order." Chandra Singh v.
+State of Rajasthan, (2003) 6 SCC 545. Any thing abrogating that power is
+unconstitutional and not tenable. Ghouse v. State of Andhra, AIR 1955
+Andhra 65 (68), affirmed, AIR 1957 SC 246, accorded State of West
+Bengal v. Nripendra, (1966) 1 SCR 771 (art. 235 vests power of control
+over members of subordinate courts exclusively in the High Court). It
+also extends to protect judicial officers from unscrupulous litigants and
+lawyers. Yoginath D. Bagde v. State of Maharashtra , AIR 1999 SC 3734;
+Mahabir Prasad Singh v. Jacks Aviation Pvt. Ltd. (1999) 1 SCC 37. Control,
+superintendence implies protection and protection of its core function,
+i.e. administration of justice.
+9.4. Clubbing these two articles, 227 and 235, a clear picture emerges,
+i.e. the High court alone has the power, "control" and "superintendence"
+over the lower courts. And this complained of conduct of lawyers, break
+down of “law and order” is within the High Court domain. This Court has
+emphasized the power of the High Courts over the administration of
+justice in lower, in precise situation as happened here in Patiala House.
+R. K. Anand v. Delhi High Court, (2009) 8 SCC 106. Our Supreme Court,
+was indeed prescient when it made following very relevant and
+powerful observation, reflecting upon the role of High Courts:
+21.
+9.5. This Court taking over the basic powers , to supervise Pataila
+House trial, etc. is indeed trammeling over High Court independence
+and its core power and functionalities. When the Constitution speaks
+and vests particular roles, then it must be fully respected. Nor can any
+provision of the Constitution be read in such a manner as to sap it of its
+22
+vitality. This Court has emphasized on the freedom of the High Court in
+supervising matters of subordinate courts functioning. See, Gauhati
+High Court & Anr vs Kuladhar Phukan, (2002) 4 SCC 524, Here the Court
+was very sensitive about the scope of article 235,
+The doctrine of separation of powers and the need for
+having an independent judiciary as a bulwark of constitutional
+democracy persuaded the founding fathers of Constitution
+assigning a place of distinction to judiciary. Chapter VI of the
+Constitution dealing with subordinate courts seeks to achieve
+the avowed object of insulating even the subordinate udiciary
+from the influence of the executive and the legislature.. . .
+Article 235 vests in the High Court the control over district
+courts and courts subordinate thereto. All the matters touching
+the service career of incumbents in subordinate judiciary
+including their posting and romotion are subject to the control
+of the High Court. Once a person has entered in the judicial
+service, he cannot depart there from save by the leave of the
+High Court. It is settled by a catena of decisions that the word
+'control' referred to in Article 235 of the Constitution has been
+used in a comprehensive sense and includes the control and
+superintendence of the High Court over the subordinate courts
+and the persons manning them, both on the judicial and the
+administrative side. Even in such matter in which the Governor
+may take a decision, the decision cannot be taken save by
+consultation with the High Court. The consultation is
+mandatory and the opinion of the High Court is binding on the
+State Government; else the control, as contemplated by Article
+235, would be rendered negated. Such control and consultation
+are not a matter of mere formality; they are the constitutional
+power and privilege of the High Court, also its obligation, and
+cannot be diluted by sheer inaction or failing to act when the
+High Court must act. The Governor cannot proceed to act in
+any matter relating to subordinate judiciary and bypass the
+process of consultation merely because the High Court, though
+'informed', did not act or respond. The consultation here
+means meaningful, effective and conscious consultation. In Tej
+Pal Singh Vs. State of U.P. & Anr., (1986) 3 SCC 604, it was held
+that in a matter affecting the service career of a judicial officer
+ordinarily the initiative for an action must come from the High
+Court and even otherwise in the absence of recommendation of
+the High Court an action taken by the Governor would be
+illegal and devoid of constitutional validity. Such error, if
+committed, would be incurable and even an ex-post facto
+approval would not cure the invalidity.
+Id. The separation of power, indeed, is hall mark of our constitution.
+The constitution is supreme as law of the land. Its supremacy is "basic
+structure" of the constitution. Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
+AIR 1973 SC 1461. See for theory of "basic structure." Indira Nehru
+Gandhi v. Raj Narain, AIR 1975 SC 2299; Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of
+23
+India, AIR 1980 SC 1789; Sanjeev Coke Mfg. Co. v. Bharat Coking Coal
+Ltd., AIR 1983 SC 239; L. Chandra Kumar v. Union of India, AIR 1997 SC
+1125. Constitution applies with equal force on all three, Executive,
+Legislature and Judiciary. This Court is the final expositor or laws of
+the land. It has championed for the freedom of the different chapters of
+the Constitution. Qua the Executive and Legislature, this Court has
+given very emphatic and positive assertions to different provisions of
+the constitution. Intergovernmental structure, the Supreme Court has
+shown very strict adherence to the separation of powers, compliance
+with constitutional mandate, it must follow the same, when it comes to
+use of judicial powers, vis-à-vis powers and basic functionaries vested
+with the High Court. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander.
+When constitution mandates, article 227 and 235, a full
+superintendence and control of the lower courts, then this Court must
+let the Delhi High Court rise to the occasion. This Apex court being
+rushed into this local happenings of the lower court not only
+unnecessarily clog our ever increasing docket, it takes away precious
+time of this Court to rule on other demanding constitutional issues. If all
+and everything will fly in the name of original, art. 32, appellate, arts.
+132(1), 133(1) or 134 and or advisory jurisdiction, art. 143, then the
+prestige of this august institute shall certainly be watered down and
+lower courts, which are but to assist this Court shall be sapped of their
+vitality and opportunity to grow into matured institution.
+Facts pleaded does not warrant citation for Contempt of Court
+either under Statute or “Inherent Powers”
+10. Undeniable is the power of this Court to punish for contempt
+either under article 129 of the constitution, Contempts of Courts Act,
+24
+1971 or under its “inherent powers.” And this Court’s power to punish
+for contempt is deemed to be a constitutional one—not subject to
+diminution by any laws. R.L Kapur v. State of Madras (1972) 1 SCC 651.
+See also, In re Vinay Chandra Mishra, (1995) 2 SCC 584. This Court has
+expanded the reach of article 129 protection to the subordinate
+judiciary. Delhi Judicial Services Association v. State of Gujarat, (1991) 4
+SCC 406 (“Court's jurisdiction and power to take action for contempt of
+subordinate courts would not be inconsistent to any constitutional
+scheme.”). However, this Court, out of concerns for not depriving the
+appeal rights, has deferred to the lower court to take action on
+contempt issues, especially when the locus of the said contempt is the
+lower court. See Income Tax Appellate Tribunal v. V. K. Agarwal, (1991) 1
+SCC 16.
+10.1. Before the Court exercise its power either under the statute or
+inherent powers, the petitioner must meet an extremely high burden of
+proof, which, she cannot. Ms. Jaiswal invokes, “Suo Moto” powers of this
+court to levy serious punishment, however her contentions alone
+without factual basis cannot be reason enough. Further, the facts
+pleaded here does not warrant this Court intervention for issuance of
+contempt, as she does not meet her burden. The petitioner failed to
+specifically identify, and factual plead, each element of a viable
+contempt claim on an individuated basis. Our Court at the apex level is
+not obligated to construct a cause of action for contempt from allegation
+and complaint filed by the petitioner who is unwilling and unable to
+plead the cause of action herself.
+25
+First, from the pleading liability or culpability does not appear
+clearly. The Petitioner to buttress a ground for contempt posits the
+following:
+That on 16.02.2016, the above-mentioned events of
+15.02.2016 led to the filing of a writ petition before this
+Hon’ble Court. . . . 17.02.2016 after a detailed hearing, this
+Hon’ble Court issued detailed orders to ensure safety of
+the accused namely Kanhaiya Kumar . . . . ensure that the
+court proceedings were concluded without any disruptions. . . .
+That on 17.02.2016, at around 2 pm,the Petitioner’s counsel got
+a call . . . . was told that total pandemonium had broken out
+at the court premises and the defense lawyers had been
+forced to lock themselves inside the court room in order to
+save their lives from the unruly mob of lawyers. . . . pm the court appointed
+committee submitted its oral report that the accused
+was badly beaten up, journalists bashed up and police
+again failed to maintain law and order. . . . also informed
+that lawyers and journalists were locked inside the court room. .
+. . That on 18.02.2016; News reports showed that the lawyers
+leading the assaults on 17.02.2016 and 15.02.2016 were
+the same and that the said assaults were premeditated.
+PIL ¶ 8-4-7. Second, none of the allegations, points to Respondent
+3 to 5. Third, also, very telling is the Annexure P-6, a report of the
+lawyers committee (“Report”): Its findings, in essence are unreliable,
+being perfunctory, replete with contradiction, with most purported
+witness either denying or claiming no knowledge, though they were
+present at the alleged incident place and time, for instance—“It was
+surprising though he was in the Court room with the accused and yet he
+could not ascertain whether the accused in fact beaten up or not.”
+Report. P. 68. Further, “Mr. Dave asked as to whether the assault had
+taken place in the room that they were standing, to which the DCP
+responded that “It did not take place”, meaning the Court room where
+we were standing.” Ibid. Also, “. . . what is remarkable is that he stated
+26
+that he had repeatedly brought to the attention of the personnel that the
+person who had assaulted him at an earlier occasion was inside the
+Court Room, despite which no action was taken either by the Police or
+the Registrar General.” Ibid at 69. Incredulously, Mr. Kumar responded
+on being asked if he could identify the attacker that “even the policemen
+were being assaulted and he could not identify the assailants as he was
+being beaten.” Id. Then there is Annexure P-7 of the PIL, a narration of
+allegedly a firsthand account, which claims someone, an “average built
+man wearing dark glasses”, PIL. P. 109, however the PIL pleadings
+complains about three lawyers, Respondent 3 to 5. To the Registrar
+General, Mr. Kumar complained that “he was assaulted while he was
+being brought to the court.” PIL. P. 114. Mr. Ajit Kumar Sinha, Sr.
+advocate submits his own incident report, wherein he claims that, they
+“were informed that Kanhaiya Kumar was abused, heckled, manhandled
+while he was brought to the Court by the lawyers.” Further, they
+witnessed, “ slogan shouting and abusive languages being used about 10
+meters away from the Court room. PIL, P. 121 (Annexure P-9). Police
+Officer, M. Meena statements or rather his report is the only one with
+detailed notes and descriptions providing a cogent and coherent
+account of what transpired. Barring the police report, other declarants'
+accounts [inconsistent statements] when taken together, testimony or
+statements made by different parties does not provide a coherent
+narration, but disparate impression, a cacophonous recollection and a
+discordant note. No credibility can be attached to the Report or its
+statements. With such glaring gaping chasms, not just gaps, it all
+contradicts the Petitioner’s claims of contempt against respondents 3 to
+27
+5. Vague and conclusory allegations are insufficient to satisfy the
+particularity for levying of contempt sanctions. Moreover, this Court
+with its very heavy docket, and limitations of not being a trial court to
+adduce evidence, must not entertain such dubious indictments of
+lawyers. Thus, at this apex level, a Petitioner must anchor her complaint
+in a bed of facts, not allowed to float freely on a sea of bombast, mediafed speculation. Despite deferential attitude by the bar and the bench to
+the senior counsel, and a public spirited filing of PIL, this Court does not
+and need not credit media-funneled bald assertions, periphrastic
+circumlocutions, unsubstantiated conclusions or outright vituperation
+against the respondent as espoused here. The self-serving affidavits of
+the petitioners, subject Mr. Kumar's advocates declarations,
+inconsistency laden Report, indicting the lawyers, police and entire
+lower court with lawlessness does not merit any consideration. In
+essence the Petition demands sanctions of contempt against phantoms,
+then conjecturally wants respondents 3 to 5 to bear the responsibility.
+Why phantoms? The Pled facts does not rise above guesstimates:
+a.
+"On 17/2/16, an Associates Professor at Center
+for Economic Studies and planning, JNU, Mr. Himanshu, had
+accompanied the defense lawyers to attend the court hearing
+as a faculty member, as per the direction of this Hon'ble Court,
+and he has also given his eye-witness accounts. He confirms
+that the accused was attacked by a person wearing dark sun
+glasses inside the court room . . . ." PIL P. 13-14;
+b.
+"She stated that while she was in the court room
+on the other side she sensed something in other court room
+and a man came out of the court room where the accused was
+produced, wearing a suit and dark glasses and when he was
+asked-his name by the police, he took off his glasses and
+questioned the police as to why he should disclose his name
+and he walked passed the police officers and nobody stopped
+him. She wondered as to how this man could come in and
+exit." PIL, P. 66 (Committee Report);
+c.
+Unidentified voice: Pani zara lao (get some
+water) and get a soft drink (for Kanhaiya Kumar). This man is
+wearing dark glasses. He is wearing a coat. It is not a lawyer's
+coat. It is just a black coat. He asks him court ein "aapka naam
+kya hai" (what is your name). This man takes off his dark
+28
+glasses and says "mein apna kyun batoon?" (why should I
+disclose my name). And he huffs him away and he walks pass.
+Nobody stops. How did that man came in through the security
+and how did he exit? PIL P. 78 (Transcript of Video
+Recording);
+d.
+Thereafter we saw Kanhaiya being brought to
+Court Room 4 and lot of policemen being present outside the
+court hall. Soon, thereafter we notice an average built man
+wearing dark glasses exiting Court Room No. 4 where DCP ask
+him to disclose his identity to which he wear him saying, "you
+will ask me my identity? Why should I tell you who I am" (tum
+mujhse mera naam poochogey, mai kyu batautu mhe
+maikaunhu), after which he is allowed to leave the hallway."
+PIL P. 109 (Transcript of Video Recording).
+e.
+The assailant who was wearing a dark coloured
+coat, black trousers and dark glasses then got up and started
+moving towards the door of Court room no. 3. Meanwhile, I
+continued to plead with judicial Officers and the Police to
+restrain and arrest him. Unfortunately there was no response,
+and this assilant easily walked out of the door of Court-room
+no. 3. PIL. P. 133. (Himanshu Affidavit)
+Going by such confrontation, and among so many policemen and other
+staff members, it is incredulous that the identity of this character
+supporting "dark glasses" could not be identified. It remained a
+phantasm. Thus the resulting muddled and unwieldy Petition so
+adorned with unnecessary surplusage and conjectures that the neither
+the undersigned nor this Court can identify the crux of contempt claims.
+10.2. To cement their shaky claims of contempt, the Petitioner attempts
+to fasten respondents 3 to 5 with a sting operation by India Today,
+wherein according to media, the said respondents boasted of their
+doings. This is not an unflinching evidence, it is a “trial by media”
+dismissible promptly, as this Court has cautioned,
+“[T."
+29
+R.K.Anand vs Registrar,Delhi High Court, (2009) 8 SCC 106, 198. Thus
+based on a based on sting operation, its reliability has no traction. Facts
+and liability must be clear before imputing contumacious conduct.
+Sushila Raje Holkar v. Anil Kak, (2008) 14 SCC 392 (“Whether the alleged
+contemnor has willfully committed breach of the order passed by a
+competent court of law or not having regard to the civil/evil
+consequences ensuing thereforer require strict scrutiny. . . . A
+contemnor, thus, may be punished only when a clear case for
+contumacious conduct has been made out. ”). Only when the facts are
+very unequivocal in its reference, and proof unflinching in all aspects
+that a contemnor is punished. Debabrata Bandyopadhyay v. State of West
+Bengal, AIR 1969 SC 189; Gurnam Singh, Sub-Divisional Engineer, Public
+Health v. Rakesh Singh, I.A.S. Secretary, Local Government (2002) 7 SLR
+771. This Court in In Re P.C. Sen, alluding to Legal Remembrancer v.
+Matilal Ghose, AIR 1914 Cal 69 (SB) opined that,
+Proceedings for contempt should be initiated with
+utmost reserve and no court in the due discharge of its duty
+can afford to disregard them. It was also observed that
+jurisdciton to punish for contempt was arbitrary, unlimited
+and uncontrolled and should be exercised with the greatest
+caution: that this power merits this description will be
+realized when it is understood that understood that there is no
+limit to the imprisonment that may be inflicted or the fine that
+the may be imposed save the Court’s unfettered discretion, and
+that the subject is protected by no right of general appeal. . . .
+does not justify the court in commencing proceedings without
+due caution and reserve.
+Rather than contempt, it is a breakdown of law and order which
+is an administrative matter. Local Police is already seized with
+the matter and law is taking its own course with the Delhi High
+Court supervising and controlling the situation.
+30
+PIL Issues are Moot
+11. The Petitioner's other grievances included are: Respondent NO.2
+is Delhi Police. It is the duty of the Respondent to ensure that there is
+law and order maintained in the state of Delhi including Court premises.
+That the Respondent No.2 has grossly direlected [sic] in its duties in
+failing to provide safety and security to the litigants, journalists others
+in the Patiala House Court premises on the day when the incident of
+took place. Now, Mr. Kumar had his day in the court, bail being set and
+released with due process claims constituting gravamen of the Petition,
+having been met; miscreants have been questioned, arrested etc.; law
+and order being restored, the issues are moot.
+PIL Admonishment
+12. Mr. Bhushan very recently stood chided by the Chief Justice and
+his bench and it was widely reported. For instance, Times of India
+reported:
+"Prashant Bhushan, you have an image of a crusader. But can
+you become the centre for public interest litigation? Can the
+system be taken for a ride in such a manner? We cannot allow
+this. We must be satisfied that you have a committee which
+scrutinizes the complaints and allows only genuine ones to be
+converted into public interest litigations.
+This admonishment is clearly reminiscent of,
+."
+Janata Dal vs H.S. Chowdhary And Ors., (1992) 4 SCC 305 accorded,
+Ashok Kumar Pandey v. State of West Bengal, (2004) 3 SCC 349. While
+31
+the undersigned do not advocate foreclosing Mr. Bhusan from pursuing
+lofty aims, but he must exercise restraint. It is understandable that filing
+such petition one could steal publicity thunder, but then not all thunder
+must or should rain. Public Interest Litigation, a Judge made justiciable
+vehicle, must remain, a "Public Interest" effort and not morph into
+"Publicity Interest Litigation."
+CONCLUSION
+Wherefore, under the foregoing, it is respectfully submitted that
+in the interest of tasking the High Court with supervision and control of
+the subordinate judiciary, case being unsuitable for Apex Court
+adjudication, issues being moot with no live controversy, this PIL under
+article 32 be dismissed forthwith or in the alternative, remanded to the
+Delhi High Court consistent with the aforesaid assertions.
+Dated: New Delhi, Delhi
+March 22, 2016
+By:__________________________
+Karamvir Dahiya, Adv.
+___________________________
+Ajay Pal, Adv.
+Respectfully submitted,
+cancer, church, dying, Epiphany, grief, hope, Interferon, Padre Pio, philosophy, religions, Saint Anthony, saints, wisdom
+Epiphany; A moment of sudden and great revelation or realization.
+A friend asked me recently why I sometimes recalled the journey of my cancer and especially the year of my Interferon treatment. Surely, she said, it just brought back all the fear and sickness and would I not be better putting it behind me and getting on with my life.
+But for me the year I was diagnosed was the turning point of my life.
+It was my Epiphany.
+And like a revelation I can only be happy it happened.
+In recalling and reading back over my diaries of this time, I stop myself falling back into old negative and destructive ways and remember the promise I made; To live in the present and relish the day that’s in it, for there is no certainty beyond the ‘now’
+~~~
+Last night I had a thought!
+Maybe the miracle of turning water into wine was a metaphor.
+Maybe it meant taking something we take for granted and turning it into something exceptional.
+From the moment we are born we are heading towards our death.
+What is in between can be good, bad, lovely, sad, happy, disappointing, boring, challenging, wonderful, exciting, even frightening.
+Naturally we don’t spend much of that in ‘between time’ thinking of death though unbeknownst to us we spend a lot of our living dodging it.
+Some of us get hit by it unexpectedly without any time to think, others (like myself) get a warning, which gives us a chance to ask the famous question! (What is life all about?)
+Others again live to a ripe old age but even then are not prepared or interested in dying.
+I remember getting off the table following my first ultrasound and crying to the radiologist ‘I just want to live. I’m too young to die’! He laughed in a kindly manner and replied ‘I’ve had 95 year olds say those exact same words to me’
+We cling to life long after we have reproduced our genes.
+We cling to what we know.
+The familiar is our certainty
+But is it?
+On the 21 april 2009 I wrote in my diary
+My worst fears confirmed!
+Two uncertainties beneath the blue april sky;
+How far has the cancer spread and how long now my life?
+The only certainty is that I am sitting here,
+Watching the dolphins swim and circle in dublin bay
+and look!
+The first swallow has appeared.
+I decided at that moment, uncertainty was not good.
+I had been spoilt by certainty!
+I was used to my car starting.
+Used to my paycheck coming in.
+Water coming through the tap
+Food in the shop shelves
+I was certain of light at the click of a switch.
+I took for granted that I would wake up each morning breathing. That my legs would work and get me out of bed. That I would see my way to the kitchen, say good morning to whoever was there before me and hear the reply.
+For the first time it struck me how lucky I had been up till this.
+In one day everything was on hold and all had changed.
+Now I felt I was just existing.
+Waiting to know whether I would live for another few years or only another few months or even just weeks.
+Sitting on a rock that day in April, looking out to sea watching the dolphins circle and leap, I lay back on it’s smoothness and turned my attention to the sky and admiring the first swallow, I decided I wanted to lie here forever. I didn’t want this sadness. This unfairness.
+I started to cry, grieving for the certainty I thought I always had.
+But after a while the rock began to feel hard, and something sharp was jabbing my back. I was starting to feel cold and I realized that for now my body was going to continue to live whether I liked it or not.
+And as I sat up it occurred to me that actually uncertainty is always there and essentially nothing had changed except my realization of that fact.
+I had also missed an important point!
+I could go on living whilst I was waiting. After All I had’nt lost the use of my legs or I wasn’t in heart failure.
+In fact I felt extremely healthy.
+(I will tell you now, there is nothing worse than been told, when you are feeling well ‘actually you may be dying’. This maybe one of the reasons why patients diagnosed with some cancers shout ‘NO’ the loudest when hearing their diagnosis. They always continue by exclaiming in a puzzled manner ‘It can’t be so. I feel so well’)
+I had also forgotten about something else.
+HOPE!
+When you Face your worst fear you realise you have two choices.
+You can lie down and die or take it on the chin.
+On that day in april I sat up, stuck out my chin and hoped for the best.
+~~~
+How wonderful nature is.
+It has it all worked out for us.
+Grieving is a well thought out process.
+I recognised its stages as they occurred
+Denial : ‘No’ I shouted putting my head in my hands when my surgeon uttered the words for the first time and afterwards, surrounded by friends, I kept thinking ‘this can’t be true this has to be a dream, any second i will wake up and go on living in my old nonchalant way’ But those days of denial were working, buffering the shock, giving me time to let the knowledge sink in.
+Anger : I thought I didn’t go through this but I recognise now that I did to a small extent. I remember seeing a girl walking on the street laughing and thinking angrily ‘I hope she is not laughing lightly’!! Later laughing at something my daughter said, I remembered that girl and thought, maybe she too was in the process of dealing with illness or loss. How was I to know what anyone else had to come to terms with in life.
+Bargaining: God take this away from me and I’ll do this this and this. I returned to spiritualism. I lit candles in every church I passed.
+Monkstown became my favorite.
+I decided there was no harm in praying to some saints.
+My Mother advised me that Saint Anthony was my best bet.
+After searching a while I found a statue of him just inside the door hidden behind a pillar. He was holding a child and a lily.
+I described the statue to my mom.
+She groaned throwing her eyes up to heaven.
+‘For God’s Sake Stephanie ! THATS not Saint Anthony! YOU PRAYED TO THE WRONG SAINT’.
+And I, Forgetting the irony of it, lept onto the yellow bicycle and cycled like mad back to the church to check, nearly getting killed in the process.
+Ha! I was right! It was Saint Anthony! At least it said so on the plaque at his feet.(Unless the cleaning lady had mixed up the name plaques whilst dusting! If she had she would she have a lot to answer for.)
+It seemed I wasnt the only one bargaining.
+As I became more familiar with the church, I noticed a small alter over to the left on which was placed a framed picture of Padre pio, a book and a pen tied by a piece of string to a small railing (yes theft can happen in a holy place even if only a pen)
+Curiosity overcame me and I opened the book!
+In contained hundreds of handwritten requests for help.
+Sitting there in that quiet church reading, I lost track of time and as I turned the pages I forgot about my own grief.
+A grandmother praying for a kidney for her grandson in renal failure.
+A mother praying for her daughter who had leukaemia.
+On and on they wrote.
+Some so sad and helpless, mine became insignificant, and I cried for those with such burdens.
+There were simpler requests too (I am sure padre pio sighed with relief as some of the pages lightened his load)
+A wife praying that her husband would give up drinking.
+A teenager praying she was not pregnant.
+A woman praying that she was pregnant.
+A school boy praying he would pass his leaving cert even though he admitted to having a great social life and had not done a bit of study.
+A man praying he would get a job;
+A girl praying that a boy would text her.
+A missing cat.
+A barking dog
+Dear Padre pio. my parents say if my dog doesn’t stop barking at night they will give him away which would break my heart. he’s my best friend and I know if they would let him sleep on my bed he would never bark! please make them.
+There were even some curses!
+Please Padre Pio, curse the county council workers who took away the wild bantam hens in dunlaoire park, I loved them and fed them everyday. p.s I know it wasn’t a fox. They lived in the tree’s and brought color (and some eggs) to my life. I will say five decades of the rosary if you do.
+This piece was signed by frank who described himself as a lonely old age pensioner.
+To everyone their concern was significant and they all bargained for a good outcome and I realised as I added my prayer (just in case the cleaner HAD mixed up the labels and, as my mother feared, I had been praying to the wrong saint) that I was covering all eventualities, leaving no stone unturned.
+Oh You may laugh! but when your life is in jeopardy you can’t afford to sneer at any means of help.
+I also realised that by praying and bargaining psychologically, I was calmer, maybe because I felt I was doing something.
+But I did not put all my eggs in one basket!
+My spiritualism was not just reaching towards christianity! I veered towards buddhism too. Meditation and yoga became a big part of my day. I sat and contemplated. Stretched and breathed consciously and slowly I began to change from the wild mad yoke, careering around on a yellow bike, to a calm soul cycling more awarely and meditatively.
+I looked to see what other religions had to offer and realised all were singing from the same hymn sheet. Live with a kindness towards others and keep hope in your heart.
+Depression; I didn’t have time to be depressed because it had dawned on me that my cancer was not a bad thing but was actually a privilege. A chance to re look at my life and make changes for the good and suddenly I was careering towards….
+Acceptance; Yaaaaay I had reached the end of grieving so on with my life and what was left of it.
+At that point my eldest daughter stepped in with her advice on the subject.
+‘Mom, don’t google! you’ll only frighten yourself! You are not a statistic, you are unique! Put yourself in your doctor’s hands. They are the best in the country. Do exactly what they tell you. Then if you do die, at least you can’t blame yourself!!
+‘Here I am. Make me better’ I said to my surgeon and later my Oncologist.
+And the huge weight of grief, stress and worry that I had been carrying fell off my shoulders and into their hands.
+I lay complacently on the table and had my surgery.
+When my surgeon had finished his side of things he breathed a sigh of relief and handed me over to the Oncologist.
+~~~
+Sticking a needle that will surely make you feel ill, into yourself when you are feeling well, goes against the grain.
+And that is what I was going to have to do for a whole year.
+I had promised my daughters I would do as my Doctors said and I was determined to keep that promise.
+Of course it didn’t help that it wasn’t a certainty Interferon even worked. But in activating natural killer cells and macrophages (which engulf pathogens and digest them) I could understand the rationale behind it’s use.
+For my part my thinking was that, these cancerous cells, though mischievously refusing to die, were part of ‘me’ and I didn’t want to fight myself.
+I decided that to manage the year of Interferon, I needed to take a different approach.
+I lifted my pen and put a line through the words fighting, battling, winning in my diary and instead inserted the softer words of gentling, cajoling, chastising.
+Oh and Engulfing and dijesting.
+End of part one.
+I hope I haven’t bored any of you by this self indulgent piece, but I reckon If I did you wouldn’t be still reading HOWEVER if there is anyone out there starting on a similar journey I wish joy in living in the present because if you are reading this then you are still alive and ‘now’ is all we can be certain of.
+BLAME IT ON RIOT
+The aftereffects of communal violence come through devastatingly in a small movie that packs a big wallop.
+JAN 26, 2007 – THE RELEASE OF MANI RATNAM’S GURU a few weeks ago set off a bit of discussion about whether the commercial film format is really the best way for certain stories to be told, and for those who thought no, there’s a superb backup argument in the form of Rahul Dholakia’s Parzania. It’s about the horrors endured by a Parsi family in Ahmedabad – father Cyrus (Naseeruddin Shah), mother Shernaz (Sarika), son Parzan (Parzan Dastur), daughter Dilshad (Pearl Barsiwala) – when the son goes missing after the post-Godhra riots, and there’s a point later on when Cyrus ends up at the local movie hall, where he works as projectionist. Of course, films are the last thing on people’s minds as their city burns around them, and as Cyrus potters about the front of the empty theatre, we see a burnt-down hoarding of the film that was playing there. It’s Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham, and it’s that shot where the entire family has gathered together for a group portrait. They’re all in smiles, they’re all in silks – and even the idea of that image of make-believe happiness in the midst of the families that have lost everything appears an obscenity, an abomination. It just doesn’t seem right – and suddenly I felt grateful that Dholakia had chosen to tell his tale without audience-pleasing sops, without beautiful people, without breathtaking photography, without songs, without dances, without tension-relieving comedy. There’s a line in the film where we’re told that God inflicts hardships only on those tough enough to endure them, and if directors are the gods of the movie pantheon, they should be doing the same thing: inflicting the hardships they’re talking about not on all audiences, but only on those tough enough – and willing enough – to endure these sad, little stories.
+And to say that Parzania – based on real-life events – is a sad, little story is an understatement. It simply breaks your heart. It is so direct and honest and so unflinching in its purpose – and so filled with heartrending performances from a whole bunch of unstarry actors – that it doesn’t matter one bit that we’ve just seen a very similar set of scenarios in Shonali Bose’s wrenching Amu, which tackled the anti-Sikh riots of 1984. If you didn’t know from the newspapers and from television that these stories are true, you’d laugh them off as products of a hideous imagination. I mean, a bunch of Hindus pulling down the pants of a man to check if he is really a Hindu as he claims he is, the same group of fanatics dousing a pregnant woman with kerosene and setting her on fire while policemen are looking on and laughing, references to breasts being hacked off and children being raped and old men being butchered – who can dream up this stuff? Rather, who would dream up this stuff? Not even the most twisted, exploitative masala moviemaker – and yet, there were people who actually did all these things. Just the realisation of that is enough to make you wish you had as easy an access to Parzania as Parzan and Dilshad have. Parzania is the name of an imaginary country – named after Parzan, naturally; after all, it’s his imagination that came up with it – with buildings made of chocolate and mountains made of ice cream, and the way to enter this utopia is by throwing in the air a gauzy, white cloth that lands around you and envelops you like a tent. It’s as much a fairy-tale delusion as the titular address in 15 Park Avenue was to the schizophrenic in that movie, but with horrors such as those shown in Parzania, you have to delude yourself that things will get okay, even if you know in your heart-of-hearts that they won’t.
+So Cyrus and Shernaz soldier on, trying to find Parzan. They’re so numb that when Cyrus extends his wallet to a policeman to show him a picture of his missing son and the latter coolly pockets the cash in it, he doesn’t say anything. We are so used to seeing Naseeruddin Shah get all hotheaded and protest against the System – thanks to his work from the eighties – that it’s a bit of a shock to see his lined, leathery face unable to comprehend what’s just occurred. There’s not a mention of the cop’s callousness. This emotional numbness extends to a later scene where they get a call from the police station that Parzan may have been found. Cyrus and Shernaz don’t hug each other in relief or shed tears of joy; they just look at one another blankly, as if they barely have the resources to process this news after all the hits they’ve taken. Dare they even hope? That’s what I mean when I say Parzania wouldn’t have – and couldn’t have – worked so well in a mainstream format. Because there you’re talking happy ending, you’re waiting for the moment when Cyrus and Shernaz walk into the police station and see their boy and run to him and drop to their knees to hug him, while the camera moves behind his head and shows us the teary-yet-happy faces of the parents, one on each shoulder.
+Dholakia’s politics may skew a little to the left – there’s a distinct pro-Muslim bias in Parzania – but when it comes to his filmmaking, he gets it mostly right. He shows a tight control and an unerring focus over his material, whether with scenes of emotional conflict or those of physical conflict. (Well, except for the stray, silly metaphor like a pressure cooker letting off steam right in time to comment on the pressure-cooker situation outside.) The centrepiece riot sequence is superbly realised. You hear the dull boom on the soundtrack, as if cannons are going off in the distance, and when the fanatic mob uses a battering ram to force open the gates of the chawl that Cyrus lives in – it’s called a “mansion‿ here – you can’t miss the analogy to actual warfare, from the times when cannons and battering rams were used to bring down forts. This sequence is all the more chilling because there’s no background score reminding us that this is just a movie (and therefore just a re-enactment); it is scored simply to the screams and the cries of the hunters and the hunted, and it’s all unbearably real. The chawl setting is a masterstroke, because nothing serves as a microcosm for the country as much as this collection of families belonging to various religions and speaking various languages and yet coexisting in harmony. This is the kind of place where Nikhat (the wonderful Seema Chaddha, who has the most infectiously gurgly laugh) lets Shernaz know that she’s got a call (on Nikhat’s phone), and as Shernaz hurries down the stairs to Nikhat’s house to take the call, Sheela ben’s husband asks her to tell Cyrus to keep aside two tickets for a movie show. These people are literally in and out of each other’s lives, they’re literally one big family, and this brings about a special poignancy later on when this same man refuses Shernaz’s request to shelter at least her children (because they’ll be safe in his Hindu household). So much after, when Sheela ben sees Cyrus putting up “missing‿ posters of his lost son – this, after experiencing a rare act of grace; the guy at the photocopy machine refuses to take money for the copies – you don’t need any dialogue to know what she feels. One look at the wracked agony on her face says it all, that she will carry this guilt around for the rest of her life.
+Parzania is a film of such faces. With such a juicily contemporary subject, one that could be extrapolated to make all sorts of finger-wagging points, you’d think the director would keep pulling back to give us the larger picture, the long shots – but Parzania is full of close-ups, and it’s full of remarkable performers who can hold these close-ups. (The only actor who sticks out with his obvious “acting‿ is Corin Nemec, who plays an American named Allen.) In the earlier scenes, I cringed at dialogues like “Gone are the days of sati and burqa,‿ uttered by a 75-year-old Muslim – the film is mainly in English, with smatterings of Hindi and Gujarati – and I wished the whole thing had been set in the vernacular instead (and subtitled for foreign consumption), but somewhere along the way, this stopped bothering me. Suddenly, their speaking in English seemed the most natural thing – and that’s because of the performances. At this stage of Naseeruddin Shah’s career, it may be redundant to point out how marvellous he can be, but you just have to see the things he does here – the cough that he experiences after a shot of particularly strong liquor, the gruff love that shines through as he calls his son a tiger, the hands that spread out in a gesture of yeh-kya-ho-gaya helplessness. And I also loved how Raj Zutshi managed to turn his stock-Muslim character into a genuinely affecting presence, though I wish the film had found more use for him. He threatens to develop into a major shadow looming over the latter portions, but he never does.
+In the midst of all these fine Indian actors, it’s the foreigner who’s the film’s sore point. It’s not just Nemec’s performance, it’s the conception of his character – an American who’s down here to finish his thesis on Gandhi. This character is clearly meant to be that of an outsider looking in, but not in the way that Konkona Sensharma was in Amu. In that film, she was an NRI from America who came to Delhi to visit her family, and Amu made use of her Americanness and her Indianness to say that no matter how far you go away, you never really shake off your roots. But Allen is there just to explain certain aspects of the story to those who aren’t in the know – which is to say, the foreign audiences, for whose benefit the VHP is equated to the KKK and so on. And his all-too-pat transformation – from smoker-drinker (a.k.a. Bad Guy) to someone who burns a poster of the politician who did nothing while the riots raged on (a.k.a. Good Guy) – is the film’s single most unconvincing effect, far more embarrassing than the presence of a Gandhian made to look like the great man himself, with granny glasses and khadi clothes and a bald head. I guess these presences are meant as an instructional counterpoint to the central action, but these – the metaphors, the monologues, the symbolism – are primarily stage devices, and when transposed to a living, breathing medium like the cinema, they simply bring things to a halt. Then again, that’s not always the case, because Shernaz delivers a monologue towards the end and the camera never quite leaves her face – and far from appearing static or stagy, this scene simply burns up the screen.
+And it’s Sarika who’s the revelation in Parzania. This is the same actress who used to be called in for parts where she mainly had to wear a bikini, or get raped and die – remember Kranti? – and barring the rare Grihapravesh, she never gave any indication of depth, but perhaps the stuff she’s gone through in her personal life has deepened her. (Or maybe it’s just that no one ever approached her with this kind of role before.) She maps out every little detail of a mother’s anguish in the scene where she asks Dilshad to stay put so she can go look for Parzan, and her dilemma – whether to hang on to the kid that’s safe, or go after the one that’s lost – is as close to a Sophie’s Choice scenario as I’ve seen in our cinema. And it’s equally hard not to tear up when she confesses at a point – when they’re still looking for Parzan – that he is fading away from their lives, for what could be sadder than the fact that a child has moved on from being a cheerful physical presence to a sad memory to a lifeless picture on the wall? Her sorrows are all the more senseless because she doesn’t even belong to one of the two major religions, and you can’t help shaking your head at the naiveté in Cyrus when he explained to Allen, earlier, that he’s a Parsi and not a Muslim – because the only thing that mattered in Gujarat at the time was that they were not Hindu.
+Aditya Pant
+December 5, 2007
+Here you have someone who would say “How timely” for this 11 month old review. The reason being that I missed Parzania when it was released (didn’t run for more than a week), and got to see it only two days back on DVD. (After watching the film, I desperately searched for this review in your earlier sites, but couldn’t find it there..maybe you were in the process of shifting it here)
+Just like you, I winced at that dialogue “gone are the days of sati and burqa….” It was simply too cliched, if I might use this word. I also found some of the English dialogue strange, which look fine when written but seem odd when we see and Indian mouth those…one example I remember is when the American first comes in, the Gandhian says something like….”Allen is his name”.
+I was quite disturbed by the way the riot scene was shot It was so realistic!!
+On another note, do you have the review of The Blue Umbrella somewhere? I saw that recently and thought it was a brilliant film and want to read your take on that.
+Sagarika
+December 5, 2007
+What kind of sadism is this, landing us with a thud, grounding us in such deep, dark, stark reality (whose snapshot is Parzania) having just left us blissfully suspended in the “Midsummer night’s dream” fairyland reverie that was Aaja Nachle? A rude awakening indeed.
+Levity aside, I couldn’t help feeling a certain heaviness at the pit of my stomach…a feeling that I distinctly remember as one that didn’t leave me for days after reading an essay, four years ago (can’t remember if it was in the Atlantic Monthly or the New Yorker)…It was a journalist’s gut-wrenching account from interviewing eyewitnesses and survivors of the Tutsi massacre by Hutus. My nightmares from that essay almost came back to life midway thru your para two above. I’d so carefully avoided this movie, only to read about it here it seems. Makes me mull over that rhetorical question I often ask myself – what’s worse? Reading eyewitness accounts of grossly inhuman acts (whose perpetrators’ claims to being human can ONLY be validated by looking at, say, their body hair, under a microscope and staring, with jaw-dropping disbelief, at the double-helix) and then letting your imagination take over, thereby compounding the trauma/assault on your senses/sentiments many many times over, or watching the same being spoonfed to you via celluloid, with someone else’s (albeit excellent)imagination acting as a buffer/filter? Having put myself thru the former, yet again, thanks to what comes off these pages feeling more like an eyewitness account (a la Arvind Swamy running down the streets of a riot-torn Bombay, hurriedly reporting the happenings just as he sees them…he’s a journalist, yet he’s personally invested – And it kinda felt like that from reading this “reportage” as opposed to movie review), I can only shake my head in disbelief at my own propensity for masochism.
+G
+December 5, 2007
+Sounds like yet another good movie that will never reach its audience.
+Say that reminds me – how come we don’t see the National Award Winning Critic on Doordarshan flitting from one Goa Film Festival to another?
+Padawan
+December 5, 2007
+Will you be reviewing Evano Oruvan?
+brangan
+December 5, 2007
+Aditya: never got aeround to a Blue Umbrella review.
+Sagarika: Mastering the italic, are we? 🙂
+G: Oh, too much stuff happening out her — you know, like reviews and all 🙂
+Padawan: Let’s see…
+S
+December 6, 2007
+“there’s a distinct pro-Muslim bias in Parzania ” – This is what makes me cynical about the noble tag that gets attached to these film makers. Isn’t part of the onus of making films on such sensitive films presenting a fair view?
+No, I don’t care for either of the religions and can’t tolerate murder in the name of anything(unless otherwise thru’ thorough investigation by the judiciary).
+But by not giving a whole picture, it sometimes defeat the whole purpose of making. if at all, it helps the perpetrators of crime. Sorry…. had to get it out.
+G
+December 6, 2007
+Jo log Gita aur Quran ko padh kar nahi sudharey woh ek film dekh kar kaise sudhareyge?
+S – You don’t have to watch the movie, and no one in his right mind will claim that such movies have any answers but atleast someone is earnest enough to document that real flesh and blood PEOPLE did the things that we know they did.
+Documenting that is in itself a step in the right direction.
+Ukraine
+Communist Dictatorship in Ukraine. The Soviet Occupation (1920-1991)
+Ukraine first proclaimed its independence in 1917 and attempted to fight a war against Soviet Russia. By 1920, it had lost the war and was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1922.
+The Ukrainian civil war was especially brutal and with heavy civilian casualties. In 1921-22, over 10,000 members of the Ukrainian army were shot by Soviet authorities. To level Ukraine and eliminate resistance, the communist regime artificially induced the mass famines of 1921-23, 1932-33 and 1946-47 in which up to 13 million people perished. The notorious 1932-33 famine was used to carry out forced collectivization.
+The Ukrainian culture and language fell under heavy pressure and a russification campaign was launched. Another wave of terror struck Ukraine after WWII, this time targeting alleged collaborators. The communist regime resorted to ruthless measures, including civilian mass deportations, to put down an armed anti-Soviet rebellion in Western Ukraine. Meanwhile, Ukrainian Catholic Church was declared lawless.
+Historical overview
+At the beginning of the 20th century, territories inhabited by Ukrainians covered nearly 700,000 square kilometers with a population of over 30 million. With this, it would have been the 2nd largest country in Europe. However, it remained politically divided between the Russian and the Austro-Hungarian Empires until their disintegration in 1917-1918.
+In March 1917, eight months before the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd in the so called the October revolution, the representatives of Ukrainian political and cultural organisations gathered in in Kyiv to create the Ukrainian Central Rada which played the role of a transitional government. Soon after, in January 1918 the Central Rada proclaimed the democratic Ukrainian People’s Republic in direct response to the Bolshevik coup.
+From that time up until 1921 there were several Ukrainian state formations: the democratic ones – the Ukrainian People’s Republic, the Directory of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (a provisional collegiate revolutionary state committee of the Ukrainian People's Republic), the West Ukrainian People’s Republic, and the conservative, authoritarian Ukrainian State of Hetman Skoropadsky. They all struggled for existence in endless wars against the White Forces (the pro-monarchy side of the Russian’s Civil War) as well as Polish troops, but mainly the Red Army which finally militarily defeated the Ukrainian pro-independence troops in 1921. Ukrainian historians have called this long struggle for independence the Ukrainian revolution of 1917-1921.
+The Ukrainian national movement included two main political parties, namely the Social-Democrats and the Social-Revolutionaries. The latter were leftist but neither organisationally nor ideologically linked to Russian Communists. During the slow fall of the Russian Empire in early 1917, the Bolsheviks as well as other political parties were free to act although they had only enjoyed rather little support in Ukraine.
+Although the Bolshevik party counted about 22,000 Ukrainian members in its ranks, most of them considered themselves to be Russians and lived in the large cities and industrial centres of Donetsk and Kryvyi Rih. Usually they avoided the national question altogether and portrayed themselves as a part of Russian Communist party. But even within this group, a tiny number of Ukrainian Bolsheviks e.g., Vasyl Shakhrai, leader of the Poltava Bolshevik organisation, did believe in the possibility of an autonomous, Ukrainian Bolshevik party that would affirm Ukraine's language, culture, and rights as a state.
+At the same time, it would be an exaggeration to claim that the Ukrainian population was immune against the Communists’ ideology. Quite to the contrary, many peasants and even parts of the Ukrainian national movement, who would later become known as national-communists, made a radical move towards the left and accepted parts of Communist ideology; in particular they favored radical land reform.
+The largest among the national-communist parties were the Borotbysty, named after its newspaper Borotba (‘Struggle’), who were known as the radical left wing of the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party. The Borotbysty reached a deal with the Bolsheviks in March 1920 which effectively saw them join the CP(B)U (Communist Party of Ukraine). Later on, the Borotbyst leaders Oleksander Shumsky and Vasyl Blakytny were elected to the Central Committee of the CP(B)U. They then petitioned the Comintern to admit them as the legitimate representatives of Ukrainian communism, though their petition was rejected. They saw the revolution as a vehicle for both the social and national liberation of the Russian-ruled minority and argued that the Communist party had to adopt the language and culture of the majority of the Ukrainian population. Ultimately, however, the Borotbysty and other national-communist groups had little authority within the CP(B)U and almost no influence on decision making.
+Although, the Bolsheviks mostly relied on the power of terror in day-to-day politics, they always operated through proxies that acted “on behalf of the Ukrainian people” in the area, particularly in its conflict with the Ukrainian People’s Republic. These proxies created virtual “Soviet governments” and other institutions which were to represent the Ukrainian movement but effectively served as puppet governments managed from Moscow. That way, the Bolsheviks made it look like internal Ukrainian conflict between two Ukrainian governments.
+In December 1917 the Bolsheviks attempted to stage a coup in Kyiv; after that failed, they created an ‘alternative’ Soviet government in Kharkiv which was a more reliable Russian-speaking city and base of operations. The Kharkiv government, however, did not last for long and soon the Bolsheviks came to anagreement with the Germans which resulted in the revocation of the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty. Over the next couple of years a strikingly similar situation occurred and the Bolsheviks applied the same hybrid strategy. Formally, a Ukrainian Communist was heading the Ukrainian government, directed by the CP(B)U which was a nominally separate entity from the Soviet Communist Party that had its own Politburo and Central Commitee. In practice, policy was made in Moscow and imported into Ukraine.
+This hybrid strategy and violence perpetrated by the Red Army and VChK (All-Russian Extraordinary Commission) helped the Bolsheviks overcome the per se strong resistance. In the last year of the Ukrainian Revolution when the scales had already started tipping in favour ofthe Bolsheviks, Ukrainian farmer revolutionary and partisan brigades against the Soviets had well over 100,000 fighters.
+The Ukrainian historiography clearly connects the anti-Communist resistance by soldiers of the Ukrainian People’s Republic with the peasant uprisings during the Holodomor, Ukrainian Insurgent Army guerrilla, and the Ukrainian dissidents of the 1960-1970s.
+Politics
+From 1917-1921 the various formations of the Ukrainian state waged three wars against the Bolsheviks. Lenin authorised the first Soviet assault on Ukraine in January 1918, and while the leaders of the Central Rada were negotiating in Brest-Litovsk in February, Kyiv fell to Bolshevik forces for the first time. At that point the Bolsheviks could only keep hold of the capital for a few weeks.
+By early 1919, Ukraine was under Bolshevik attack for the second time, on this occasion led by another puppet Ukrainian-Soviet government called “The Provisional Revolutionary government of Ukraine”. The second Bolshevik occupation of Ukraine began in January 1919 and would last for six months. During that period Moscow never controlled the whole territory of Ukraine. In August 1919, the Bolsheviks were expelled from Kyiv for the second time, retreating from the Whites and the Army of the Directory UNR.
+The Bolsheviks’ third and final occupation of Ukraine took place in late 1919 and early 1920. But this time they partially changed theirtactics. They not only returned under the banner of the formally independent Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (Ukrainian SSR), which was established in March 1919, but tried to address the Ukrainians in their native language and appeal to national sentiments. After signing the Polish-Soviet peace treaty in Riga on 18 March 1921, they took control of the whole territory of Ukraine except Galicia, Volhynia and parts of Podolia which became part of the new Polish state. According to the census of 1920, the population of Soviet Ukraine was 25.5 million people (rural residents - 20.9 million, urban - 4.6 million).
+The Constitution of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic established a nominally independent state, but in reality the Bolshevikі (All-Union Communist Party, VKP(b) and government of Soviet Russia (Council of People's Commissars) controlled the Ukrainian SSR through the CP(b)U. The government institutions of the Ukrainian SSR were copies of their Russian counterparts, and Ukrainian legislation merely echoed Russian laws. In fact, Russia’s legislative acts were enforced automatically in Ukraine.
+In 1917–27 the highest governing body of the Ukrainian SSR, and the Council of People's Commissars., defence, foreign trade, transportation, and postal and telegraph service. Later, other commissariats were also merged.
+The new constitutions of the USSR (1936) and the Ukrainian SSR (1937) centralised the government system even further. The Ukrainian SSR did not establish its own embassies or armed forces, however. The system of government of the Ukrainian SSR became increasingly centralised. Thus, in 1978 there were 28 Union-republican ministries and 16 state committees, and only 6 republican ministries. As of June 1986 there were 23 Union-republican ministries and 14 state committees, but merely 6 republican ministries and 1 republican state committee.
+This model of governing was preserved until the decline and decay of the Soviet system in 1991. The election in 1991 finally put an end to the almost 70-year period of Communist dominance in Ukraine. But the Communist party was officially prohibited only in 2015 as part of the “decommunisation laws”.
+Repressions
+Beginning with Vladimir Lenin's Red Terror, terror was a permanent instrument of the Soviet state, but its intensity and scale varied. The main task of the Soviet terror remained the same throughout that period, however: to crack down on the resistance against the regime. For this purpose the All-Russian Extraordinary Committee (VchK) was established. It was the organ that would come to embody the dictatorship of the communists leaders under various names: Cheka, OGPU, UGB-NKVD, MGB and MVD, and KGB.
+The first crimes committed by the Bolsheviks in Ukraine took place in January 1918 when the Red Army occupied some areas of Central Ukraine for the first time. Mainly, they threatened Ukrainian intelligentsia. During the war, the Red squads were sent across the countryside to fulfill grain deliveries and terrorised peasants as well. As Joseph Stalin consolidated his power in the late 1920s and the regime became totalitarian, the Communists’ repressive organs focused on fabricating criminal cases against the cultural, artistic, scientific, and technological elite.
+In 1928 the OGPU staged the so-called “Shakhty case” against engineering and technical specialists in the Donbass who were allegedly aiming to destroy the coal industry. In 1929-1930 criminal cases were brought against Ukrainian intellectual elites within the fictional “Union for the Liberation of Ukraine” (SVU), and in 1931 The Ukrainian National Center Case was fabricated to entrap the prominent historian and former head of the Central Rada Mykhailo Hrushevsky. Over the course of the SVU case and after, more than 30,000 people – intellectuals, artists, technical experts, writers and scientists –were subjected to severe repressions.
+In the decade between 1929–39 Ukraine was subjected to three particularly horrendous waves of terror: the collectivisation and dekulakisation campaign (1929–32), the famine-genocide of 1932–33, and the Great Terror of 1936–38. During the dekulakisation campaign (shorthand for the ‘elimination of the kulaks or ‘kulaks’ as a class’) the authorities expelled from Ukraine and forcibly resettled over a million of the most productive ‘kulak’ (a term applied originally to well-off peasants but expanded to include anyone who did not belong to the poorest stratum of the village population) peasants to Siberia, northern Russia, Central Asia and other underpopulated regions of the Soviet Union, where they lived as ‘special exiles’, forbidden to leave their designated villages.
+Those Ukrainian peasants that avoided dekulakisation soon became subjected to the even more horrendous fate of starving to death. According to Ukrainian demographers approximately 3.9 million people died from a man-made famine organised by the Communist regime. The famine is now known as the Holodomor. Dekulakisation and the Holodomor destroyed the Ukrainian peasantry as the base of aspirations toward national independence and resistance to the central government.
+People of all ethnic backgrounds perished in the Great Terror which consisted of multiple waves of arrests, executions, and exiling that engulfed the Soviet Union from 1936 to 1940, taking their greatest toll in 1937. As many as 270,000 people were arrested in Ukraine in 1937 and 1938, and close to half of them were executed. The terror hit hardest the party cadres, former members of non-Bolshevik parties and national minorities. In order to simplify the criminal proceedings the regime invented a special revolutionary tribunal consisting of a troika of officials – a head of local NKVD department, a regional prosecutor and a high party official. The Troika as an extrajudicial body simultaneously performed several functions; investigative, indictable and repressive. The defendant was actually deprived of the right to defence (to have a lawyer) and to appeal.
+During and after WW2 the Communist regime decided to repress so many people that were deemed dangerous that the only way to deal with this vast number was to deport them. In 1940 and the first half of 1941 more than 10% of the local population from the newly-occupied territories of Western Ukraine were deported, including 140,000 Poles who at that time headed the list of “enemies of the people”. Altogether, between the fall of 1939 and June 1941, when Germany attacked the USSR, the Soviet secret police deported close to 1.25 million people from Ukraine.
+In 1944, about 200,000 Crimean Tatars were exiled from Crimea to Middle Asia. About 780,000 Poles moved west of the Molotov-Ribbentrop line from Ukraine between 1944 and 1946 and close to half a million Ukrainians were deported from lands west of the Molotov-Ribbentrop line, from territory of East Poland, to the Ukrainian SSR. Around the same time, more than 180,000 Ukrainians from western Ukraine were arrested and deported to Siberia and the Soviet backlands for real or alleged collaboration with the nationalist underground.
+An additional 76,000 Ukrainians were deported in October 1947. These deportations were intended mainly to curb Ukrainian nationalist resistance, which continued in western Ukraine long after the end of the war. Finally, in 1947, in an operation code-named Vistula, the regime deported from its eastern borderlands the entirety of the Ukrainian population still remaining in Poland—altogether 140,000 men, women, and children—and replaced them with ethnic Poles.
+Arrests and other forms of repressive measures continued. For more than half a century after that, Soviet leaders continued to push back harshly against Ukrainian nationalism in whatever form it took, whether as post-war insurgency or as dissent in the 1980s. For example, the 49 members of the Ukrainian dissident organisation known as the Ukrainian Helsinki Group spent a total of 550 years in camps, prisons, exile, and psychiatric hospitals.
+Economy
+Immediately after the occupation of Ukraine, the Bolsheviks began to implement their own economic policy known as “War Communism” which sought to nationalise industry, consolidate trade and monetary relationships, and mobilise the workforce and agricultural food practices by regulating them through a centralised dictatorship. In the countryside, it meant the system of forced agricultural procurement in order to redistribute the foodstuff to soldiers, factory workers, and party members. These goals were achievable only through terror. For this reasoneconomy and terror were so tightly linked in the USSR.
+War Communism provoked chaos and economic crisis. As a result the Bolsheviks decided to modify their aggressive platform of building communism and adopted a five-year commercial and financial initiative called “NEP”- “New Economic Policy”- as a temporary tactical retreat from the pace of their original revolutionary programme. Free trade was temporarily legalised and at a very elementary level, the market economy was restored.
+But, at the end of the 1920s, the Communist Party returned to the methods of “War Communism.” NEP was renounced. With this began the accelerated industrialisation–type industrial revolution, with government-funded and state-run programmes intended to bring about a revolutionary increase in industrial production. Priority was given to the development of heavy industry, production of energy, and building of machinery.
+On the one hand, this upheaval of the economy led to the creation of heavy industry and the rapid build-up of military forces. The command economy was introduced. According to the five-year plan (1928-1933) Ukraine received approximately 20 percent of all investments which matched its share of the total population of the USSR. Most of the capital allocated to Ukraine went to the traditional southeastern industrial areas. The right bank of the Dnieper remained agricultural. By the end of the 1930s, the industrial output of Ukraine exceeded that of 1913 eightfold. The largest construction project during the first five-year plan was Dniprohes, the Dnieper dam and electric power station built immediately behind the Dnieper rapids. Ukraine became a model of Soviet industrialisation.
+Heavy industry required high investments and agriculture became one of the most important sources for this approach. The idea was to build a system that would exploit the peasants because of the disproportionate prices between agricultural and industrial products (so-called “scissor prices”). Also, peasants fleeing from collectivisation, de-kulakisation and the Holodomor provided cheap workforce.
+Collectivisation, meaning the creation of state-run collective farms, began in 1929. The new policy was so harsh that it brought famine and mass starvation to Ukraine. By the end of the 1930s, the agricultural sector was fully collectivised, with 98 percent of all households and 99.9 percent of all arable land listed as collective property. The collectivisation dramatically changed the economy, social structure, and politics of the average Ukrainian village. At the same time, it didn’t add too much to the overall productivity of agriculture. Thus, in 1940, Ukraine produced 26.4 million tonnes of grain, only 3.3 million more than in 1913, amounting to an increase in agricultural production of less than 13 percent.
+WW2 badly damaged the Ukrainian economy. First, the retreating Soviet troops followed a scorched-earth policy, removing industrial equipment, livestock, suppliers, and people from areas they were about to leave. Altogether, they evacuated approximately 550 large factories and 3.5 million skilled workers to the east. Altogether, Ukraine lost up to 7 million of its citizens in the war, constituting more than 15 percent of its population. Out of 36 million remaining Ukrainians, some 10 million had no roof over their heads, as approximately 700 cities and towns and 28,000 villages laid in ruins.
+Ukraine lost 40 percent of its wealth and more than 80 percent of its industrial and agricultural equipment. In 1945, the republic produced only one-quarter of its pre-war output of industrial goods and 40 percent of its previous agricultural produce.
+The first postwar period was the re-implementation of the political, social, and economic models developed in the 1930s. After Joseph Stalin’s death, Ukraine became one of the main beneficiaries of the new industrial post-war growth. For example, Ukraine was deeply involved in the Soviet atomic and space projects. In the town of Zhovti Vody uranium was discovered and mined. The largest missile-producing facility in all of Europe was built in the nearby city of Dnipropetrovsk. For a short time spending on consumption goods was increased but generally it remained very low.
+In the Khrushchev era the rights of the Soviet republics were expanded; the Ukrainian SSR received in its revised constitution some new powers in economic matters. In 1957, regional economic councils were introduced in addition to the republican economic councils to strengthen republican autonomy. But when Khrushchev was ousted, his successors returned to the centralised Soviet economic model created in the1930s.Regional economic councils were abolished and the all-union ministries in Moscow were reinstated as the main governing bodies of the Soviet economy.
+Society and culture
+Having seized power in Ukraine the Bolsheviks began a new programme of Ukrainisation aimed to enhance the national profile of state and party institutions alongside the new economic policy, all in order to legitimise Soviet rule in the eyes of the Ukrainian population. Ukrainisation was the Ukrainian version of the all-Union policy of indigenisation.
+During the next years high culture, theater, architecture, literature, poetry rapidly grew more popular, supported by ethnic nationals who partially replaced Russian cadres from Moscow. For the first time, the Ukrainian intelligentsia and intellectuals had full-fledged national institutions, the resources and also the legal status to undertake promising projects like the standardization of the Ukrainian language.
+Ukrainisation embraced ordinary life as well; in the media, in public debate, and above all in schools where, according to the republican government, all Ukrainian schoolchildren should be taught in their own language, using a new educational program designed to ‘cultivate a new generation of loyal citizens.’
+The policy of Ukrainisation was tactical and temporary. But the cracks in the scheme were visible very early. When the class ethos of Soviet ideology was weakened, the emerging void was gradually filled by generic national imagery. A good example is the case of Mykola Khvyliovy, a Ukrainian author of Russian ethnic origin who called for the distancing of Ukrainian culture from Russian culture.
+The Communists’ regime could not tolerate the surge of national consciousness even in the context of building a Soviet Ukraine. The pressure started from the attacks on leading figures of Ukrainisation - Shumskyi and Khvylovyi – who were accused of dangerous nationalist deviations. This was continued by the OGPU which launched Shakhty and SVU cases. Soon thousands of party functionaries were arrested. This attack on Ukrainian culture and national-communists went hand in hand with the attack on the Ukrainian peasantry. After the Holodomor and Great Terror the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR turned into a strict police totalitarian state. The greatest enemies of Soviet rule in Ukraine were proclaimed “kulaks” and Ukrainian bourgeois nationalists. Generally, terror and propaganda shaped the atmosphere of silence and hysteria against enemies of the people.
+At the end of 1920s Ukrainisation was abolished and the Communist party decided to support the largest ethnic group – the Russians. Hence started the long process of Russification. On the other side, Stalinism did not reverse the policy of nation-building in non-Russian regions completely. Officially recognised Soviet nationalities were allowed to cultivate a limited sense of ethnic identity, possess their own folkloric traditions, literary classics, and generally articulate their people's heritage. Accordingly, the local ideologues and intelligentsia occupied the ambiguous position of mediator between the Kremlin and promoting the national cause.
+In Ukraine, many people like Mykola Bazhan, Oleksandr Kornuchuk, and Pavlo Tychyna alternated between elevating the national patrimony and denouncing it as nationalistic deviation. At the end, a system was elaborated which would reconcile the often opposing entities Ukrainian historical mythology with the Russian grand narrative. The republic's intelligentsia soon came to understand that they could glorify Ukraine's identity as long as it complemented, but did not undermine, the story of Russia’s imperial past – a framework of a Russian-dominated 'friendship of peoples”.
+During the immediate post-war years the Communist party launched several attacks in search for ideological deviants. In Ukraine, the hunt for “nationalists” was divided into several periodical campaigns. In particular, Zhdanov’s campaign associated with Stalin’s ideological watchdog Andrei Zhdanov reached its peak in 1951 with an attack in the newspaper Pravda on the prominent poet Volodymyr Sosiura’s poem named “Love Ukraine,” a patriotic text written in 1944. In 1965 more than thirty young Ukrainian intellectuals were arrested. The crackdown on Ukrainian dissidents during 1971-1973 was not limited to leading figures of the movement but extended to members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia who were minimally involved with the movement and, later, even to members of the Party cadres.
+After 1973 Soviet ideologues closely supervised the activities of intellectuals to ensure that the national narrative remained safely subordinated to the doctrine of Russian guidance.
+The party's ideological control over society began disintegrating only in the late 1980s to which Ukrainian dissidents contributed, most of all the Ukrainian Helsinki Group.
+Militarism
+During the Ukrainian Revolution between 1917-1921 the Bolsheviks captured Kyiv four times . While their army counted between 6,000 and 7,000 soldiers during the first occupation,, the five Bolshevik armies that occupied Ukraine in late 1920 and early 1921 totalled 1.2 million. 85% of the soldiers were Russian, 9% Ukrainian, 6% Polish, Byelorussians, Jews, Germans and others.
+The Bolsheviks most likely used their general strategy of operating through proxies in the case of the Ukrainian movement when it came to their military operations as well. They created the Ukrainian Soviet army in 1918 which basically took its orders directly from Moscow, was run by Russian officers and consisted mainly of Russians. It was disbanded on June 1, 1919 under the influence of peasants rebellions and its formations came under direct command of Moscow rather thanthe Bolshevik government of Ukraine in Kharkiv.
+The Ukrainian SSR never had its own army. In the 1920s, territorial divisions consisting of Ukrainians and using the Ukrainian language as the language of command constituted a militia and were stationed in the larger cities. Except for some units of the Red Cossacks, regular army units in Ukraine were of mixed national composition, and used Russian as their main language. Most Ukrainians in the regular forces were stationed outside Ukraine. With the abolition of the territorial units (1934) and the division of Ukraine into three military districts (1938), Ukraine was integrated even more closely into the all-Union military system. By 1937 Russian had become the language of command in all military units. Also, the military traditions of the imperial Russian army (eg, officer ranks, uniforms, insignia) were gradually reintroduced.
+During the Second World War, more than 7 million Ukrainians of various nationalities – every fifth or sixth Soviet soldier – served in the Red Army. Except for the First Ukrainian Partisan Division (est 1943) under Col Petr Vershigora, there were no separate Ukrainian units in the Soviet armed forces. Approximately 1.7 million Ukrainians were decorated for bravery in the war. In 1943 the Bohdan Khmelnytsky Medal was introduced, and in 1944 a People's Commissariat of Defence was established for Ukraine (with Gen Sydir Kovpak as the first commissar), but this was only a symbolic gesture.
+After the war the Soviet Army remained an integrated multinational force. The territory of Ukraine was reorganisedfieldsised rigidly from the common soldiers through material privileges, uniforms, honours, and statutes.
+At the same time, the share of Ukrainians within the Soviet army increased. For example, there were 26.25 % of Ukrainians in comparison to 61.37 % of Russians in 1976-1977 in the Soviet army. Ukrainians comprised 24% among general officer-level, 28% among senior officers and 27% among junior officers in the ground forces.
+Native Ukrainians often made staggering military careers, reaching the highest levels of the Soviet military and the Kremlin as the USSR’s political centre of power. Marshals Tymoshenko, Malinowski, and Grechko were not just talented strategicists but also served as ministers of defence of the Soviet Union.
+In its Declaration on State Sovereignty (16 July 1990) the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR stated its intention to nationalise the army in Ukraine. As the first step toward implementing this proclamation it demanded that all Ukrainians serving in the Soviet armed forces be stationed in Ukraine by 1 December 1990.
+Sources
+Literature:
+Applebaum, Anne. Red Famine. Stalin's War on Ukraine. (Penguin, 2017)
+B. Гpиневич, Л. Гpиневич, Б.Якимoвич тa iн. Iстopiя укpаїнського війська(1917-1995). Упopядник Я. Дашкевич.( Львiв: Cвiт, 1996).
+Hagen, von M. Soldiers in the Proletarian Dictatorship (Ithaca, NY 1990)
+Krawchenko, B. Social Change and National Consciousness in Twentieth-Century Ukraine (London 1985; Edmonton 1987)
+Kuzio, T. and Wilson, A. Ukraine: Perestroika to Independence (Edmonton 1994)
+Liber, G. Soviet Nationality Policy, Urban Growth, and Identity Change in the Ukrainian SSR 1923–1934 (Cambridge, Mass 1992)
+Mace, J. Communism and the Dilemmas of National Liberation: National Communism in Soviet Ukraine, 1918–1933 (Cambridge, Mass 1983)
+Marples, D. Ukraine under Perestroika (Edmonton 1991)
+Plokhy, Serhii. The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine. (Basic Books, 2017).
+Політичний терор і тероризм в Україні. ХІХ-ХХ ст. Історичні нариси. (Київ, Dидавництво «Наукова думка», 2002)
+Solchanyk, R. (ed). Ukraine: From Chernobyl’ to Sovereignty (Edmonton 1992)
+Velychenko, Stephen. State Building in Revolutionary Ukraine: A Comparative Study of Governments and Bureaucrats, 1917-1922. (University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2011)
+Yekelchyk, Serhy. Stalins empire of memory: Russian Ukrainian relations in the Soviet historical imagination. (University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2004).
+Communications system.
+This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 12/699,107 filed Feb. 3, 2010 now U.S. Pat, No. 8,045,919, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/454,630 filed Jun. 15, 2006 now U.S. Pat, No. 7,711,322, which claims the benefit of U.S. Ser. Nos. 60/690,964, 60/690,966 and 60/690,959 all filed Jun. 15, 2005. Said U.S. Ser. No. 11/454,630 also claims priority from GB0602398.0, filed Feb. 7, 2006. All of the above applications are fully incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND
+1. Field of Use
+The present invention relates generally to an underwater communications system, and its methods of use, and more particularly to an underwater communications system that uses electromagnetic propagation and magnetic induction transmission, and optimizes the distance which can be achieved by digital transmission of information.
+2. Description of the Related Art
+Various underwater communication systems are known. One of the most common is based on acoustic techniques. A problem with such systems is that they are degraded by noise and interference from a number of sources. They are also subject to multi-path effects and in some environments are virtually unusable. Other underwater communication systems use radio links, e.g. extreme low frequency electromagnetic signals, usually for long-range communications between a surface station and a submerged vessel. These systems typically operate in the far field using physically large electric field coupled antennas and support data rates up to a few bits per second.
+WO01/95529 describes an underwater communications system that uses electromagnetic signal transmission. This system has a transmitter and a receiver, each having a metallic, magnetic coupled aerial surrounded by a waterproof electrically insulating material. Use of electrically insulated magnetic coupled antennas in the system of WO01/95529 provides various advantages. This is because magnetically coupled antennas launch a predominantly magnetic field. A similar arrangement is described in GB2163029. Whilst the communications systems of WO01/95529 and GB2163029 have some technical advantages over more conventional acoustic or radio link systems, the functionality described is limited, and for many practical applications the available bandwidth is highly restrictive, as is distance over which data can be transmitted.
+Magnetic antennas formed by a wire loop, coil or similar arrangements create both magnetic and electromagnetic fields. The magnetic or magneto-inductive field is generally considered to comprise two components of different magnitude that, along with other factors, attenuate with distance (r), at rates proportional to 1/r2 and 1/r3 respectively. Together they are often termed the near field components. The electromagnetic field has a still different magnitude and, along with other factors, attenuates with distance at a rate proportional to 1/r. It is often termed the far field or propagating component.
+Signals based on electrical and magnetic fields are rapidly attenuated in water due to its partially electrically conductive nature. Seawater is more conductive than fresh water and produces higher attenuation. Propagating radio or electromagnetic waves are a result of an interaction between the electric and magnetic fields. The high conductivity of seawater attenuates the electric field. Water has a magnetic permeability close to that of free space so that a purely magnetic field is relatively unaffected by this medium. However, for propagating electromagnetic waves the energy is continually cycling between magnetic and electric field and this results in attenuation of propagating waves due to conduction losses.
+The attenuation losses, the bandwidth restrictions and the limited distances over which data can be transmitted all pose significant practical problems for underwater communications.
+Existing methods of acoustic communication are inherently restricted in the distance they can achieve at effective data rates. This is particularly true where the signal reaches a receiver by multiple paths (reflections occurring from an irregular sea floor, the sea surface, the coastline, nearby objects and the like, we well as when the sound wave path exhibits discontinuities in its properties (wave wash, bubbles in the water, changes in water density due to salinity variations). Little is known which can lessen these difficulties. The existing art of electromagnetic communication under water fails to recognize measures that can be taken to maximize the distance and/or useful information rate which can be achieved by adapting the devices sourcing and using the information so that more effective signal frequencies can be adopted.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
+Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved underwater communication systems, and its methods of use, that uses electromagnetic waves for communication and propagation.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication system, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation that increases the distance over which information can be transmitted.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication systems, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation that increases the useful information rate.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication systems, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation with improved data compression by reducing the transmitted bit rate.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication systems, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation where the transmitted bit rate is reduced when there are a number of types of information sources.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication systems, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation that has a resultant reduced bit rate that allows lower transmitted signal frequencies to be adopted.
+Another object of the present invention an underwater communication system, and its methods of use, for communication and propagation that has lower transmitted signal frequencies to achieve greater distance and/or allow greater rates at a particular distance.
+These and other objects of the present invention are achieved in, an underwater communications system for transmitting electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals to a remote receiver that includes a data input. A digital data compressor compresses data to be transmitted. A modulator modulates compressed data onto a carrier signal. An electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna transmits the compressed, modulated signals.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system includes a receiver that has an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for receiving a compressed, modulated signal. A demodulator is provided for demodulating the signal to reveal compressed data. A de-compressor de-compresses the data.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system includes a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals. A receiver receives signals from the transmitter. At least one intermediate transceiver receives electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals from the transmitter and passes them to the receiver. At least one of the transmitter and receiver is underwater and includes an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna.
+In various embodiments, the present invention relates to underwater communication systems, and their methods of use, that use electromagnetic signals as the communicating means. Each of these uses a communications transceiver 10 that has a transmitter 12, a receiver 14 and a processor 16 which can be connected to an analogue or digital data interface (not shown), as illustrated in
+Electrically insulated magnetic coupled antennas are used in the communication systems in which various embodiments of the present invention are embodied because in an underwater environment they are more efficient than electrically coupled antennas. Underwater attenuation is largely due to the effect of conduction on the electric field. Since electrically coupled antennas produce a higher electric field component, in water in the near field, the radiated signal experiences higher attenuation. In comparison a magnetic loop antenna produces strong magneto-inductive field terms in addition to the electromagnetic propagating field. The magneto-inductive terms are greater than the propagating field close to the transmitting antenna and provide an additional means for coupling a signal between two antennas. For both shorter and greater distances, magnetic coupled antennas are more efficient under water than electrically coupled. In applications where long distance transmission is required, the magnetic antenna should preferably be used at lowest achievable signal frequency. This is because signal attenuation in water increases as a function of increasing frequency, as shown in
+As an alternative, or additional, type of receiver to that of the heterodyne method described, communications practitioners will appreciate that a receiver of the homodyne principle may be employed.
+In one embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system is provided for transmitting data to a remote receiver. In this embodiment, the system can have a data input; a data compressor for compressing data that is to be transmitted; a modulator for modulating the compressed data onto a carrier signal and an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for transmitting the compressed, modulated signals. It will be appreciated that the words remote and local used herein are relative terms used merely to differentiate device sites for the purpose of description, and do not necessarily imply any particular distances.
+By compressing the data prior to transmission, the occupied transmission bandwidth can be reduced. This allows use of a lower carrier frequency, which leads to lower attenuation. This in turn allows communication over greater transmission distances, thereby significantly alleviating the difficulty of communication through water. Digital representation of audio and or video, data compression and transmission at the lowest practicable frequency are therefore particularly advantageous in the subsea environment and represents a key innovation. While data compression is usually highly desirable, it will be appreciated that it is not essential to the operation of different embodiments of the present invention.
+Whether or not compressed, data in some applications of the present invention can be encrypted before transmission and decrypted after receiving, when desired for reasons of security. Although a low carrier frequency is usually optimal to maximize distance, there may be occasions when a higher frequency is satisfactory but more desirable in order to reduce the distance over which an unwanted receiving party can detect the signal, as in deliberately covert operation of a communication system.
+In one embodiment of the present invention, error correction techniques are applied to the information transferred. Error correction techniques slightly increase the amount of data which must pass over the communication links themselves, but can be advantageous in allowing operation at greater distances which otherwise would have resulted in unreliable transfer of information. Error correction can be of the types commonly and generically known as forward error correction (FEC) and automatic repeat request (ARQ). For somewhat random errors which are well spaced and do not occur in long runs, FEC is preferable; and beneficially the effectiveness of FEC may be increased by first applying an interleaving process, as known in the art.
+In various embodiments, the system of the present invention can include data/text entry means, such as a keypad, and/or audio means for capturing audio signals and/or video means, such as a camera, for capturing an image. Having inputs, such as a text entry pad and a camera, provides an extended functionality device, and extends the range of device applications. Alternative approaches such as employing speech to text conversion and text to speech offer additional bandwidth reduction and therefore range benefits.
+In one embodiment, a display may be provided so that text/data entered and/or video/images can be viewed prior to transmission.
+In one embodiment, the communications module of the present invention includes a receiver that has an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for receiving electromagnetic signals. In this embodiment, the module is preferably operable to present received text/data and/or video/images on the module display. The transmitter and the receiver may share a single electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna.
+In one embodiment, the system of the present invention can be configured to change the carrier frequency to optimise the information communication rate for the transmission range and conditions encountered. In another embodiment, the system of the present invention can be configured to establish a connection; commence transmission at a first frequency; once communication is established, vary the frequency and select the frequency based on the received signal strength.
+In one embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic coupled antenna used with certain embodiments of the present invention can be based on loops or solenoids. The solenoid may be formed around a high magnetic permeability material. The insulated antenna may be surrounded with a low conductivity material with permittivity matched to that of the propagation medium e.g. distilled water.
+To further improve communications, the transmission distance has to be taken into account. By way of illustration, for short distance transmission, the magnetic components provide the greater signal, whereas longer distances are best served by the electromagnetic component. Hence for short distance communications, near field transmission is preferred, whereas for longer distance communications, far field transmission is preferred. Whether the magnetic components or the electromagnetic component dominate is a matter dependent on the application of the invention and the distance over which it is deployed.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system is provided that includes, an underwater transmitter having an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for transmitting electromagnetic signals to a receiver, and an underwater receiver having an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna for receiving signals from the underwater transmitter, wherein the transmitter and receiver are adapted to communicate when the near fields of the transmitting antenna and receiving antenna overlap. The near field may be defined approximately as the region where the 1/r2 and 1/r3 varying terms are greater than the propagating 1/r term (where r=radial distance).
+Near field subsea magneto-inductive communications links can support much higher carrier frequencies than possible in the far field. In turn, communication in the near field allows a significantly higher signal bandwidth than is available for far field transmissions. While the near field components are relatively greatest close to an antenna, their rate of decline with distance is faster than that of the far field component. When the antenna is magnetic, the important advantage of lower loss is gained over conventional electromagnetic antennas of the types commonly used in free space. In addition the relative initial strength of the magnetic field in comparison with the electromagnetic field is considerably greater still.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system includes a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic signals to a remote receiver, and a receiver for receiving signals from the transmitter, wherein at least one of the transmitter and receiver is underwater and has an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna. One of the transmitter and receiver may be above water and may have an electrically coupled antenna.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system includes, a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic signals to a remote receiver, and a receiver for receiving signals from the transmitter, wherein at least one of the transmitter and receiver includes means for varying the signal gain. This is advantageous for systems in which one or both antennas may be subjected to wave wash, where the antenna is periodically partially or wholly immersed in water. By providing means for varying the gain, performance can be maintained even when one or more of the antennas is subject to wave wash.
+In another embodiment of the present invention, an underwater communications system includes a device for transmitting electromagnetic signals and means for transmitting acoustic signals and/or optical signals. In use, the system of this embodiment can be \ controlled such that the optimal route for communication is utilized be it electromagnetic, acoustic or optical. Under different or changing conditions, one or more of these methods may provide superior performance at different times.
+For reception of weak signals, such as at greater distances, the reduction of received interfering noise will be important. This may be accomplished by filtering the received signal to the minimum bandwidth possible, consistent with the bandwidth of the wanted signal, before making decisions on the received digital signal states. Alternatively, or in addition, digital bit states may be represented in transmission by known and readily distinguishable sequences of sub-bits transmitted at a higher rate, and correlation techniques adopted to determine the likely presence of each sequence and hence the value of each received bit. Such techniques will be familiar to those skilled in the techniques of communication in other fields.
+A further technique, often advantageous where effects such as multi-path propagation, fading and dispersion exist between transmitter and receiver, is that of spread spectrum, in which transmission power is deliberately distributed over a wide bandwidth and correlation methods are used in receivers. As will be known to communication practitioners, the spread spectrum technique is enhanced if the known RAKE method is also adopted in receivers.
+Furthermore, while carrier-based techniques with impressed modulation have been described, un-modulated methods without a carrier also may be adopted, wherein a representation of the baseband data is used directly to energize the antenna.
+The system of
+In each of the systems of
+In certain applications of the present invention, surface repeater buoys are deployed to link between buoys to extended underwater transmission ranges. The surface repeater buoy acts to receive the subsea radio signal and then relays the information to a second buoy using terrestrial radio devices, including but not limited to the use of a higher carrier frequency.
+The present invention can convey a variety of different types of information, including but not limited to the following examples in the fields of audio transmission, video transmission, text data transmission, control data, and other forms of information that can be encoded in digital form:
+In one embodiment, audio transmission includes: diver to diver voice; diver to vessel voice; diver to shore voice; voice using a remote microphone and/or hydrophone; voice between submarine and submarine; voice between submarine and surface vessel; and voice between submarine and a shore station.
+In another embodiment, video transmission includes: video images conveyed for assistance in steering and control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) and remotely operated vehicles (ROV); images for monitoring underwater construction sites; images which assist the docking of AUVs and other mobile underwater devices; images for finding and checking the presence of underwater objects; images for assessing damage and the maintenance condition of varied underwater systems and plant such as pipelines, risers, valves and platforms; images for assisting the remote control of tools and manipulators on AUVs and ROVs; and images conveyed for assessment of environmental damage.
+In another embodiment, text data includes: as required in diver to diver communication; and in diver to shore or vessel communication.
+In another embodiment, control data includes: data used as part of the communications aspect of supervisory control and acquisition systems (SCADA); and of command and control systems for underwater vessels including backup for wired control.
+Additional forms of information transfer can be utilized with the systems and methods of the present invention. These additional forms of information transfer include but are not limited to, data transmitted from/to seismic, geophysical, environmental and other underwater data loggers and a surface vessel or an AUV or ROV; data of generic types transferred between an AUV and a surface vessel or docking station; data transferred from sensors to a vessel or shore for monitoring of the environment and for detection of the presence of alien objects as part of homeland security; data and communication control protocols required for provision of internet and other communications access points in swimming pools, reservoirs, sea water areas such as around shipwreck sites; data communicated through ice, both solid and floating; data over communication links in the networking of sensors, assets, vehicles and people, not all of which are necessarily underwater; data transferred for targeting and priming to/from a torpedo or other vehicle while in a torpedo bay or in motion, and the like.
+To provide an even greater communication range, signals may be sent from one underwater transceiver to another via an above-water air path.
+To offer improved resilience, a modulation scheme can be used in the systems described whereby the carrier is modulated by multiple narrow band sub-carriers, as shown in
+Where modulation is used, at each transmitter the signal is modulated onto multiple narrow band sub carriers to make up the required signal bandwidth. Many suitable modulations schemes are known such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The combined signal is then modulated onto the carrier. At the receivers, the signal is detected and split into the same multiple narrow band carriers, which are in turn demodulated to recover the information. The processing may be analogue or digital, although typically the processing will be digital. The digital implementation could employ an inverse fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to form the multiple narrow-band signals into a single carrier transmission. This may be combined with an error correction coding scheme whereby redundancy is introduced to the digital bit stream to allow detection and recovery from corruption of the signal.
+It will be appreciated, many types of modulation may be adopted singly or in combination with various embodiments of the present invention, whether combined with OFDM or not, including but not limited to: quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with many possible constellations known in the art; phase modulation (PM); frequency modulation (FM) or phase shift keying (PSK); frequency shift keying (FSK); amplitude modulation (AM); and amplitude modulation with single sideband suppressed carrier (SSB-SC), double sideband suppressed carrier (DSB-SC), single sideband with vestigial carrier, and the like.
+To improve performance, automatic gain control may be used to cope with the variation of signal strength caused by wave wash. Gain control can be implemented by means of a control loop. For example the received signal strength can be measured by developing a voltage across a rectifying detector diode. Amplifier gain can be controlled in response to measured signal strength to compensate for increased path loss during wave wash of the antennas. Gain control may be applied at both the receiver and the transmitter to provide additional dynamic range, the transmitter power being controlled where a two-way link allows the short-term signal path loss to be determined. This system will operate satisfactorily where one or more of the communicating antennas is wholly or partially immersed in water.
+In all of the communications systems of the present invention, described above, the operating signal carrier frequency will depend on the particular application. The carrier frequency is selected as a function of the data transfer rate and the distance over which transmission has to occur. For example, for short-range communications where a high data rate is required, a relatively high frequency would be used, for example above 1 MHz. In contrast for long-range communications where attenuation losses are likely to be a problem, relatively low frequencies would be used, for example below 1 MHz, and in many cases below 100 kHz.
+Another technique that may be applied in any of the underwater communications systems described above involves the use of an adaptive carrier frequency based on range of operation. In this implementation, the carrier frequency employed to convey information is chosen to maximize the information rate possible for the given signal path. The most significant influence on the optimum frequency to choose will be the range between the communicating systems. One implementation uses multiple fixed frequencies that are known to all communicating stations. To first establish a connection, transmission commences on the lowest frequency. Once communication is established, the systems may then adapt the frequency of operation up and down to maximize data rate. This may be performed based on the received signal strength. An alternative scheme employs the lowest frequency at all times to maintain timing and to communicate the main frequency being chosen to carry information.
+The electromagnetic communication system, in which embodiments of the invention is embodied, may be combined with acoustic communication and/or with optical communication to provide enhanced capability. Whereas acoustic communications offer long-range capability they are limited in terms of robust operation in noisy environments and can only offer a limited bandwidth. The range of operation is limited with electromagnetic communications but it is immune to acoustic noise and has a wide bandwidth capability. By way of example a system of the present invention can include an acoustic modem and an underwater electromagnetic communications system as described above. The two systems can be combined in a processing unit to select the communications path based on appropriate criteria. These criteria may include factors such as measured error rates, range of operation, measured signal strength or required bandwidth. If very high bandwidth is required when the ends of the communication link are close enough to allow optical communication, this method similarly may be brought into operation in preference to, or in addition to, electromagnetic communication.
+In various embodiments, the system of the present invention includes enhancements to receive signal strength and/or communication distance. These enhancements can apply variously to transmitters, receivers and antennas, and are known in the art.
+Directional antennas may be adopted to concentrate and maximize the power which a transmitter sends in the direction of a receiver and, by the principle of reciprocity, which a directional receive antenna can intercept. In as much as directional properties can be improved, communication range will be increased. If transmit and/or receive antennas are steered towards each other, preferably with dynamic real-time adjustment, then the optimum signal can be provided at all times. Diversity techniques employing multiple antennas at receive and/or transmit sites may be adopted, and intelligent switching adopted to use the most advantageous signal path at any time.
+It will be appreciated that magnetic coupled antennas at the transmitter and receiver need not be of the same size. Where an end of the communications link is static or may be moved only occasionally, it may be possible to deploy an unusually large antenna loop or solenoid. For example, this may be possible for an underwater fixed sensor, where its antenna could lie flat on the sea floor; and for a static central communication site. Such antennas could be formed of loops many metres in diameter if necessary. Whether deployed by the transmitter or receiver, larger antenna size will increase the received signal e.m.f. approximately in proportion to the increased area of the antenna. Of course, the largest possible size of antenna at both ends is usually advantageous to maximize the received signal.
+The magnetic and electromagnetic field from a transmitter (and correspondingly a receiver) may be increased by using latest magnetic core materials of the highest possible permeability in the antenna in order to increase magnetic flux for given antenna dimensions.
+While magnetic coupled antennas may be used, electromagnetic antennas of plain wire similar to those of conventional radio methods, and electric antennas which predominantly excite and detect an electric field, can also be deployed; and they may be deployed in combination to achieve the strongest aggregate received signal.
+For maximum signal from a magnetic coupled transmit antenna, the greatest possible current is required in the loop or solenoid. Where cryogenic cooling is possible, the use of superconductivity can increase the current possible through the conductors of the antenna. In addition, highly sensitive receivers may be constructed using SQUID techniques and by using Josephson junction methods, as will be known to those skilled in these arts.
+Particularly in deployment environments where receivers and/or transmitters are powered by batteries of limited capacity and/or transmission is of high power, methods are desirable to conserve energy. To achieve this, it is possible to transmit only when new relevant data is available at the transmit site; or to transmit only periodically; or to transmit only when a signal from the receive end requests data. Moreover, if the receiver knows when to expect data, either because transmission times are known or because the receive site requests transmission, most of the receiver circuits may be dormant at other times and so conserve energy also. Energy may also be conserved by reducing transmit power to the lowest level necessary for reliable communication. Reduction from maximum power could be based on known factors such as distance, or the receiver could inform the transmitter dynamically of the level it is receiving so that, when possible, the transmitter can reduce its power to a lesser level which is still adequate or, conversely, increase power when necessary. If acoustic and/or optical communication methods are available in addition to electromagnetic, then it may be advantageous to switch to whichever method uses the least power for the communication conditions found to be encountered.
+In certain embodiments, several antennas can be used with systems of the present invention and be deployed across a region of sea or sea bottom where divers or underwater autonomous vehicles are to operate, so increasing the area over which communication can take place. While discrete loop antennas will often be optimal, other forms of antenna may also be used including antennas of distributed wire or cable. Although these may provide a weaker signal at a given distance from the wire, operation over a larger distance close to the antenna will be possible. The antennas can transmit and/or receive the same signal, or they could handle different signals.
+Where different transmit signals are used, these also could supply location information to a diver or vehicle in each vicinity. In addition, multiple antennas could carry multiple channels, allowing multiple links to operate simultaneously. By use of data multiplexing, as is known in the art, a number of logical channels may be carried by the same carrier, and to different end stations or to different functions at the same end station.
+It will be appreciated that the embodiments illustrated in.
+Claims
+1.
+- a digital data compressor for compressing data that is to be transmitted, wherein said the digital data compressor is configured to reduce occupied transmission bandwidth such as to increase the range of signal reception underwater.
+2. The communications system of claim 1 wherein each said antenna is an electrically insulated, magnetic coupled antenna.
+3. The communications system of claim 1 wherein each said antenna is an electric field couple antenna.
+4. The communications system of claim 1 further comprising a demodulator, for demodulating modulated signals received by the receiver.
+5. The communication system of claim 1 further comprising a digital data de-compressor for decompressing the demodulated signals output from the demodulator.
+6. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the said data input includes at least one of a text input; an audio input for capturing audio signals; an image input for capturing an image and a video input for capturing a video image.
+7. The communications system of claim 1 wherein each said antenna includes at least one of loops and solenoids.
+8. The communications system of claim 1 wherein each said antenna is surrounded with a low conductivity material with a permittivity to match that of the propagating medium.
+9. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the propagating medium is water.
+10. The communications system of claim 1 wherein one or more intermediate transceivers are provided between the transmitter and the remote receiver to relay signals between said transmitter and said remote receiver.
+11. The communications system of claim 10 wherein at least one of the said one or more intermediate transceivers and one of said transmitter or remote receiver are under water and are operable to pass a signal between one another through a water propagation path.
+12. The communications system of claim 10 wherein at least one of the said plurality of intermediate transceivers and one of said transmitter or remote receiver are in air and are operable to pass a signal between one another through an air propagation path.
+13. The communications system of claim 10 wherein at least one of the said plurality of intermediate transceivers is in air and at least one of said transmitter or remote receiver are under water and are operable to pass a signal between one another through an propagation path including an air to water boundary.
+14. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the said transmitter and said remote receiver are each placed in a fluid propagating medium.
+15. The communication system of claim 1 wherein the said transmitter is placed in a first fluid propagating medium and the said remote receiver is place in a second fluid propagating medium.
+16. The communications system of claim 1 wherein at least part of the communications system is positioned in a fluid propagating medium.
+17. The communications system of claim 1 wherein the fluid propagating medium is a non-water fluid or gas.
+18. The communications system of claim 1 wherein said transmitter and said receiver are operable to communicate within a near field of said electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals.
+19. The communications system of system of claim 1 wherein said near field of said electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals corresponds to the region around said transmitter wherein at least one of inverse distance squared ((1/r2)) and inverse distance cubed (1/r3) field components of said electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals is greater than an inverse distance (1/r) field component thereof.
+20. said transmitter and said receiver are operable to communicate within a near field of said electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals, said near field corresponding to the region around the transmitter wherein at least one of inverse distance squared (1/r2) and inverse distance cubed (1/r3) field components of said electromagnetic and/or magnetic signals is greater than an inverse distance (1/r) field component thereof.
+Type: Grant
+Filed: Aug 16, 2011
+Date of Patent: Dec 18, 2012
+Patent Publication Number: 20110300794
+Assignee: WFS Technologies, Inc. (Edinburgh)
+Inventors: Mark Rhodes (Edinburgh), Derek Wolfe (West Lothian), Brendan Hyland (Edinburgh)
+Primary Examiner: Marceau Milord
+Attorney: Goodwin Procter LLP
+Application Number: 13/210,947
+International Classification: H04B 13/02 (20060101);
+Also reviewed this month: surgical readmission rates, preventable hospitalizations, hospitalist-staffed post-discharge clinics
+by Leigh Vaughan, MD, Kristin Wise, MD, Keri Holmes-Maybank, MD, Pamela Charity, MD, Hospital Medicine Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
+A guide to this month’s studies
+Clinical question: What antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the greatest threats for the next 10 years?
+Background: Two million people suffer antibiotic-resistant infections yearly, and 23,000 die each year as a result. Most of these infections occur in the community, but deaths usually occur in healthcare settings. Cost estimates vary but may be as high as $20 billion in excess direct healthcare costs.
+Study design: The CDC used several different surveys and databanks, including the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, to collect data. The threat level for antibiotic-resistant bacteria was determined using several factors: clinical impact, economic impact, incidence, 10-year projection of incidence, transmissibility, availability of effective antibiotics, and barriers to prevention.
+Setting: United States.
+Synopsis: The CDC has three classifications of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: urgent, serious, and concerning. Urgent threats are high-consequence, antibiotic-resistant threats because of significant risks identified across several criteria. These threats might not currently be widespread but have the potential to become so and require urgent public health attention to identify infections and to limit transmission. They include carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Clostridium difficile (does not have true resistance, but is a consequence of antibiotic overuse).
+Serious threats are significant antibiotic-resistant threats. These threats will worsen and might become urgent without ongoing public health monitoring and prevention activities. They include multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter, drug-resistant Campylobacter, fluconazole-resistant Candida (a fungus), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, drug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella, drug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium, drug-resistant Shigella, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumonia, and drug-resistant tuberculosis.
+Concerning threats are bacteria for which the threat of antibiotic resistance is low, and/ or there are multiple therapeutic options for resistant infections. These bacterial pathogens cause severe illness. Threats in this category require monitoring and, in some cases, rapid incident or outbreak response. These include vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, erythromycin-resistant Group A Streptococcus, and clindamycin-resistant Group B Streptococcus. Research has shown patients with resistant infections have significantly longer hospital stays, delayed recuperation, long-term disability, and higher mortality. As resistance to current antibiotics occurs, providers are forced to use antibiotics that are more toxic, more expensive, and less effective.
+The CDC recommends four core actions to fight antibiotic resistance:
+Bottom line: Antibiotics are a limited resource. The more antibiotics are used today, the less likely they will continue to be effective in the future. The CDC lists 18 antibiotic-resistant organisms as urgent, serious, or concerning and recommends actions to combat the spread of current organisms and emergence of new antibiotic organisms.
+Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. CDC website. September 16, 2013. Available at:. Accessed Nov. 30, 2013.
+Clinical question: Is there a difference between repositioning intervals of two, three, or four hours in pressure ulcer formation in nursing home residents on high-density foam mattresses?
+Background: Pressure ulcer formation in nursing home residents is a common problem. Current standard of care requires repositioning every two hours in patients who are at risk for pressure ulcer formation. Few studies have been performed to assess a difference in repositioning interval. This study was conducted to see if there is a difference in pressure ulcer formation among residents on high-density foam mattresses at moderate to high risk (according to the Braden scale).
+Study design: Multi-site, randomized, clinical trial.
+Setting: Twenty U.S. and seven Canadian nursing homes using high-density foam mattresses.
+Synopsis: A multi-site, randomized clinical trial was executed in 20 U.S. and seven Canadian nursing homes. More than 900 residents were randomized to two-, three-, or four-hour intervals for repositioning. All participants were at either moderate (13-14) or high (10-12) risk on the Braden scale for pressure ulcer formation. All facilities used high-density foam mattresses. All participants were monitored for pressure ulcer formation on the sacrum/coccyx, heel, or trochanter for three consecutive weeks.
+There was no significant difference in pressure ulcer formation between the two-, three-, or four-hour interval repositioning groups. There was no significant difference in pressure ulcer formation between the moderate or high-risk groups. Only 2% of participants developed a pressure ulcer, all stage I or II.
+It is not clear if the outcomes were purely related to the repositioning intervals, as this study group had a much lower rate of pressure ulcer formation compared to national averages and previous studies. The high-density foam mattress might have improved outcomes by evenly redistributing pressure so that less frequent repositioning was required. The level of documentation may have led to earlier recognition of early stage pressure ulcers as well. This study also was limited to nursing home residents at moderate to high risk of pressure ulcer development.
+Bottom line: There is no significant difference in pressure ulcer formation between repositioning intervals of two, three, or four hours among moderate and high-risk nursing home residents using high-density foam mattresses.
+Citation: Bergstrom N, Horn SD, Rapp MP, Stern A, Barrett R, Watkiss M. Turning for ulcer reduction: a multisite randomized clinical trial in nursing homes. 2013;61(10):1705-1713.
+Clinical question: Does the addition of pentoxifylline to prednisolone improve six-month mortality compared to prednisolone alone in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis?
+Background: Prednisolone improves liver function and reduces inflammation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Pentoxifylline appears to have a protective effect against hepatorenal syndrome in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. The medications have different mechanisms of action; therefore, the researchers hypothesized that the combination of medication would improve outcomes.
+Study design: Multi-center, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial.
+Setting: One Belgian and 23 French hospitals, from December 2007 to October 2010.
+Synopsis: This study randomized 270 patients to receive either prednisolone and pentoxifylline or prednisolone and placebo for 28 days. Acute alcoholic hepatitis was defined by a positive biopsy, onset of jaundice three months prior to the study, and a Maddrey’s discriminant function score of >32. All patients were assessed for response to treatment using the Lille model at seven days of treatment, occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome, and survival at six months.
+Results showed no significant difference in treatment response, alcohol relapse, death, time to death, or occurrence of hepatorenal syndrome between the two treatment groups; however, there were fewer episodes of hepatorenal syndrome in the pentoxifylline group.
+Patients considered responders by the Lille model and those with lower Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores had improved mortality. Patients treated with pentoxifylline had lower rates of hepatorenal syndrome at one month but no difference by six months. Patients with a lower Lille score had significantly less incidence of hepatorenal syndrome. The study may be underpowered to accurately determine outcomes other than six-month survival.
+Bottom line: Adding pentoxifylline to prednisolone does not improve six-month survival in severe alcoholic hepatitis compared to prednisolone alone.
+Citation: Mathurin P, Louvet A, Duhamel A, et al. Prednisolone with vs without pentoxifylline and survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis: a randomized clinical trial. 2013;310(10):1033-1041.
+Clinical.
+Clinical question: Is continuity of care related to preventable hospitalizations among older adults?
+Background: Preventable hospitalizations cost approximately $25 billion annually in the U.S. The relationship between continuity of care and the risk of preventable hospitalization is unknown.
+Study design: Retrospective cohort study.
+Setting: Random sample of fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, for ambulatory visits and hospital admissions.
+Synopsis: This study examined 3.2 million Medicare beneficiaries using 2008-2010 claims data to measure continuity and the first preventable hospitalization. The Prevention Quality Indicators definitions and technical specifications from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were used to identify preventable hospitalizations. Both the continuity of care score and usual provider continuity score were used to calculate continuity metrics. Baseline risk of preventable hospitalization included age, sex, race, Medicaid dual-eligible status, and residential zip code.
+During a two-year period, 12.6% of patients had a preventable hospitalization. After adjusting for variables, a 0.1 increase in continuity of care was associated with about a 2% lower rate of preventable hospitalization. Interestingly, continuity of care was not related to mortality rates.
+This study extends prior research associating continuity of care with reduced rate of hospitalization; however, the associations found cannot assert a causal relationship. This study used coding practices that vary throughout the country, included only older fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries, and could not verify why some patients had higher continuity of care. The authors suggest that efforts to strengthen physician-patient relationships through high-quality primary care will deter some hospital admissions.
+Bottom line: Higher continuity of ambulatory care is associated with lower preventable hospitalizations in Medicare beneficiaries.
+Citation: Nyweide DJ, Anthony DL, Bynum JP, et al. Continuity of care and the risk of preventable hospitalization in older adults. 2013;173(20):1879-1885.
+Clinical question: What factors determine rates of readmission after major surgery?
+Background: Reducing hospital readmission rates has become a national priority. The U.S. patterns for surgical readmissions are unknown, as are the specific structural and quality characteristics of hospitals associated with lower surgical readmission rates.
+Study design: Retrospective study of national Medicare data was used to calculate 30-day readmission rates for six major surgical procedures.
+Setting: U.S. Hospitals, 2009-2010.
+Synopsis: Six major surgical procedures were tracked by Medicare data, with 479,471 discharges from 3,004 hospitals. Structural characteristics included hospital size, teaching status, region, ownership, and proportion of patients living below the federal poverty line. Three well-established measures of surgical quality were used: the HQA surgical score, procedure volume, and 30-day mortality.
+Hospitals in the highest quartile for surgical volume had a significantly lower readmission rate. Additionally, hospitals with the lowest surgical mortality rates had significantly lower readmission rates. Interestingly, high adherence to reported surgical process measures was only marginally associated with reduced admission rates. Prior studies have also shown inconsistent relationship between HQA surgical score and mortality.
+Limitations to this study include inability to account for factors not captured by billing codes and the focus on a Medicare population.
+Bottom line: Surgical readmission rates are associated with measures of surgical quality, specifically procedural volume and mortality.
+Citation: Tsai TC, Joynt KE, Orav EJ, Gawande AA, Jha AK. Variation in surgical-readmission rates and quality of hospital care. 2013;369(12):1134-1142.
+Clinical question: When hallway boarding is required, do patients prefer inpatient units over the ED?
+Background: ED crowding is associated with patient dissatisfaction, ambulance diversion, delays in care, medical errors, and higher mortality rates. Strategies to alleviate the problem of boarding admitted patients in the ED can include relocation to inpatient hallways while awaiting a regular hospital bed. Traditional objections to inpatient hallway boarding include concerns regarding patient satisfaction and safety.
+Study design: Structured telephone survey.
+Setting: Suburban, university-based, teaching hospital.
+Synopsis: Patients who required boarding in the ED hallway after hospital admission were eligible for inpatient hallway boarding according to the institutional protocol, which screens for those with only mild to moderate comorbidities. Of 110 consecutive patients contacted who experienced both ED and inpatient hallway boarding, 105 consented to participate in a tested telephone survey instrument.
+The overall preferred location was inpatient hallways for 85% (95% CI 75-90) of respondents. Comparing ED boarding to inpatient hallway boarding, respondents preferred inpatient boarding with regard to staff availability (84%), safety (83%), confidentiality (82%), and comfort (79%).
+Study results were subject to non-response bias, because working telephone numbers were required for study inclusion, as well as recall bias, because the survey was conducted within several months after discharge. This study’s results are based on actual patient experiences, whereas prior literature relied on patients to hypothesize the preferred environment after experiencing only ED hallway boarding to predict satisfaction.
+Bottom line: Boarding in inpatient hallways was associated with higher patient satisfaction compared with ED hallway boarding.
+Citation: Viccellio P, Zito JA, Sayage V, et al. Patients overwhelmingly prefer inpatient boarding to emergency department boarding [published online ahead of print September 21, 2013].
+Topology: It's a general term, which describes the network structure. It refers to nodes, networks, communication interfaces, adapters...
+Logical network interface: A port of a physical adapter represented in AIX (as a L3 device, for example, en0)
+IP label: The label that is associated with an IP address as defined by the name resolution method (DNS or /etc/hosts).
+IP alias: An AIX feature, when an IP address is added to an interface, rather than replacing its base IP address.
+Boot IP (Base IP): The default IP that is configured on an interface by AIX on startup; the base address of the interface.
+Service IP: PowerHA keeps this IP highly available (over which a service is provided). It's a resource, not part of the network topology.
+Persistent IP: It is an IP alias that is assigned permanently to a node. It always stays on the same node.
+Boot interface (Base interface): Any interface that can host a service IP. (in PowerHA7.1 only boot interface exists, in earlier versions: boot and standby interfaces)
+A physical network connects two or more physical network interfaces. These interfaces (which are usually on one non-routed physical network or VLAN) can be grouped together to form a logical network. Logical networks are known by a unique name in PowerHA (for example net_ether_01). A logical network can be viewed as the group of interfaces used by PowerHA to host service IP labels.
+During cluster configuration, the discovery process uses /etc/hosts file and interfaces on the node to create files in /usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/config:
+clip_config: contains details of the discovered interfaces; used in F4 SMIT lists.
+clvg_config: contains details of each physical volume (PVID, VG name,status, major number etc.) and a list of free major numbers.
+Important:
+All the communication interfaces that are configured in the same PowerHA network must have the same subnet mask. Interfaces that belong to a different network can have either the same or different network mask.
+--------------------------
+Persistent Node IP:
+A persistent node IP is an IP alias that can be assigned permanently to a node. It always stays on the same node (is node-bound) and it can coexist with other IPs. It Is not part of any resource group and this address can be used for administrative purposes because it always points to a specific node regardless of whether PowerHA is running.
+The persistent IP labels are defined in the PowerHA configuration, and they become available when the cluster definition is synchronized. When PowerHA starts, it checks whether the alias is available. If it is not, PowerHA configures it on an available adapter and it remains available even if PowerHA is stopped. If the interface with the persistent IP fails while PowerHA is running, the persistent IP is moved to another interface on the same node. If the node fails the persistent IP label will no longer be available.
+In a multiple interface per network configuration, using a persistent alias in the same subnet as your default route is common. This typically means that the persistent address is included in the same subnet as the service addresses.
+Default gateway (route) considerations
+If you link your default route to one of the base address subnets and that adapter fails, your default route will be lost. To prevent this situation, be sure to use a persistent address and link the default route to this subnet. The persistent address will be active while the node is active and therefore so will the default route. If you choose not to do this, then you must create a post-event script to reestablish the default route if this becomes an issue.
+Not all adapters must contain addresses that are routable outside the VLAN. Only the service and persistent addresses must be routable. The base adapter addresses and any aliases used for heartbeating do not need to be routed outside the VLAN because they are not known to the client side.
+--------------------------
+Service IP
+Service IP is used for accessing applications or nodes. Service IP is monitored by PowerHA and is part of a resource group. There are 2 types of it:
+Shared service IP: It can be configured on multiple nodes and is part of a resource group (this one is used most of the time).
+Node-bound service IP: It can be configured on only one node (is not shared by multiple nodes), it used with concurrent resource groups.
+Firstalias
+PowerHA 7.1 automatically configures the service IP with the firstalias option. Firstalias means, that service IP will be the first one among the aliases on an interface. For example when PowerHA is down, we have only a boot IP on an interface. When PowerHA starts up it adds the service IP as an alias, but not as the 2nd IP, it will be the first one on the list. (netstat output will show service IP first and boot IP as the next one, below that.) The reason behind this is routing. When we ping an IP, which resides on an adapter with multiple aliases on the same network, the first one will respond. It does not matter that we wanted to ping the 2nd alias, by default the first one will send reply (this can cause problems in firewalls because the reply comes from the 1st one on the list, not the 2nd). To avoid this issue, service addres is by default the first one, however firstalias can be disabled if needed.
+When multiple service IP addresses are used, PowerHA analyzes the total number of aliases, and assigns each service address to the least loaded interface. PowerHA allows you to define a distribution preference, but PowerHA will always keep service IP active, even if the preference cannot be satisfied:
+- Collocation, Anti-collocation: With collocation setting, if we have more service IPs, they will be allocated on the same boot interface. With Anti-collocation setting they will be distributed across all boot interfaces on the network.
+- With source: If we have more service IPs, with this preference, we can choose one service label as a source for outgoing communication.
+--------------------------
+IP address takeover (IPAT) mechanisms
+1. IP replacement (PowerHA versions 5.x, 6.x)
+2. IP aliasing (PowerHA versions 5.x, 6.x, 7.x)
+PowerHA v7.1 (and later versions) supports IP address takeover (IPAT) only through aliasing.
+IPAT via IP replacement (old not available anymore!):
+The service IP replaces the existing address on the interface, thus only one service IP can be configured on one interface at one time. The service IP should be on the same subnet as one of the boot IP addresses. Other interfaces on this node cannot be in the same subnet, and they are called as standby interfaces. These standby interfaces are used if the boot interface fails. IPAT via IP replacement can save subnets, but requires extra hardware.
+IPAT via aliasing (since PowerHA 7.1 this exist only)
+The service IP is aliased (using the ifconfig command) onto the interface without removing the underlying boot IP address. This means that more than one service IP label can coexist on one interface. Each boot interface on a node must be on a different subnet. By removing the need for one interface per service IP, IPAT through aliasing is more flexible, it also reduces fallover time, as it is much faster to add an alias to an interface, than removing the base IP address and then apply the service IP address.
+--------------------------
+Rules regarding IP configurations:
+General rules:
+– When multiple boot IPs are used (multiple adapters), each must be on a separate subnet to allow heartbeating
+- Boot IPs don't not have to be routable outside of the cluster (they can be, just not necessary, persistent and service IPs should be routed)
+- All interfaces in the same network must have same subnet mask. (Interfaces on other networks can have another subnet mask.)
+- The subnet mask of the boot IP will be used for all IP aliases configured on the same network interface.
+Service IP rules (with IPAT through aliases:
+- When single adapter is used, service IP can be on the same subnet as the boot adapter
+- When multiple adapters are used, service IP must be on separate subnet from the boot IP
+- When multiple service IPs are used, these can be on the same subnet (or in different subnets)
+Persistent IP rules:
+- Persistent IP must be an alias, not the base address of an adapter
+- Persistent IP can be in the same or different subnet as the service IP
+- In multiple adapter networks the persistent IP must be on a different subnet from each of the boot interface subnets
+(In single adapter network configuration there are no restrictions in this case a persistent IP might not needed at all.)
+Not all addresses must be routable outside the VLAN. Only the service and persistent addresses must be routable. The base adapter addresses and any aliases used for heartbeating do not need to be routed outside the VLAN because they are not known to the client side.
+During failover to another interface (on the same node) it can happen, that the service IP address is active on both the failed Interface and on the takeover interface. This is needed to preserve routing (routes will not disappear from routing table), but this might cause a DUPLICATE IP ADDRESS error log entry, which you can ignore.
+IPAT through aliasing is supported only on networks that support the gratuitous ARP function of AIX. Gratuitous ARP is when a host sends out an ARP packet before using an IP address and the ARP packet contains a request for this IP. In addition to confirming that no other host is configured with this address, it ensures that the ARP cache on each machine (on the subnet) is updated with this new address.
+To ensure that cluster events complete successfully and quickly, PowerHA disables NIS or DNS host name resolution during service IP label swapping by setting the NSORDER AIX environment variable to local. Therefore, the /etc/hosts file should be complete and must contain all PowerHA defined IP labels for all cluster nodes. After the swap completes, DNS access is restored.
+If the interface holding the service IP address fails, PowerHA moves the service IP address on another available interface on the same node and on the same network; in this case, the resource group is not affected. If there is no available interface on the same node, the resource group is moved to another node with an available interface on the same logical network.
+-------------------------------
+PowerHA in virtualized environments
+Most new configurations today are virtualized using VIOS. It is also common practice to provide adapter redundancy through the VIOS (Etherchannel, SEA...), which leads to a "single adapter configuration" in PowerHA. Single adapter configuration allows the boot IP and service IP to be on the same subnet. And the boot IP can serve the administrative functions, so it is not really necessary to configure a persistent IP address. (However it is possible to configure a persistent IP on the same subnet.)
+In a VIOS configuration, it is still recommended to configure the netmon.cf file utilizing the new format specifically for VIOS environments.
+-------------------------------
+Multicast vs Unicast
+Starting with version 7.1 PowerHA uses a new redesigned cluster health management called Cluster Aware AIX (CAA). CAA uses kernel-level code to exchange heartbeats over network, SAN fabric and also using the repository disk. By default, PowerHA SystemMirror uses unicast communications for heartbeat. As an alternative, multicast communications may be configured instead of unicast. For multicast, you can optionally select a multicast address, or let Cluster Aware AIX (CAA) automatically assign one.
+If multicast is selected during the initial cluster configuration, an important factor is that the multicast traffic be able to flow between the cluster hosts in the data center. Multicasting is a form of addressing, where a group of hosts forms a group and exchanges messages. A multicast message sent by one in the group is received by all in the group. This allows for efficient cluster communication where many times messages need to be sent to all nodes in the cluster. For example, a cluster member need to notify the remaining nodes about a critical event and can accomplish the same by sending a single multicast packet. To achieve this, multicast must be enabled on the switches and with any forwarding, if applicable.
+CAA creates a default multicast address if one is not specified during cluster creation. This default multicast address is formed by combining (using OR) 228.0.0.0 with the lower 24 bits of the IP address of the host. As an example, in our case the host IP address is 192.168.100.51, so the default multicast address is 228.168.100.51.
+Multicast communication can be tested with mping:
+1. mping -v -r -c 5 <--start mping on one node in receiver mode (-r) (-v: verbose, -c:number of pings)
+2. mping -v -s -c 5 <--start mping on other node in sender mode (it will choose default ip, with -a you can specify ip)
+(If mping fails, network admin needs to review switches)
+PowerHA v7.1.0 through v7.1.2 required the use of multicast, but since PowerHA v7.1.3 by default (if no multicast IP address is provided while deploying the cluster) unicast is used (normal TCP/IP socket communication). Unicast requires no extra configuration.
+Using multicast may have a benefit in a multi node (3,4,5...) cluster, but there is no benefit in a 2 node cluster setup and it needs additional configuration at PowerHA and at switch side. (My personal recommendation is using unicast in a 2 node cluster.)
+Changing cluster config from Multicast to Unicast:
+1. lscluster -c <--check Communication mode
+2. smitty cm_define_repos_ip_addr <--change heartbeat mechanism from mulitcast to unicast
+3. verify and sync <--verify and synchronize cluster
+4. lscluster -c <--check again Communication mode
+-------------------------------
+netmon.cf
+In PowerHA heartbeats are used to monitor an adapter’s state over a long period of time. When heartbeating is not working, a decision must be made about whether the local adapter has gone bad or there are other network problems. This decision is made based on whether any network traffic can be seen on the local adapter (using the inbound byte count of the interface). Where VIO is involved, this test becomes unreliable because there is no way to distinguish whether inbound traffic came in from the outside world through VIOS, or from a virtual I/O client (LPAR) in the same box.
+A new netmon.cf function was added to support PowerHA in a virtual I/O environment, where PowerHA could not detect a local adapter-down event. The new format helps to decide, that adapter is up only, if it can ping a specified target.
+The netmon.cf file must be placed in the /usr/es/sbin/cluster directory on all cluster nodes. Up to 32 targets can be provided for each interface. If any specific target is pingable, the adapter will be considered “up.” (The traditional format of the netmon.cf file is not valid in PowerHA v7, and later, and is ignored. Only the !REQD lines are used.)
+example content of /usr/es/sbin/clister/netmon.cf:
+!REQD en2 100.12.7.9
+!REQD en2 100.12.7.10
+Interface en2 is considered “up” only if it can ping either 100.12.7.9 or 100.12.7.10.
+There is a general consensus against PowerHA nodes using the same VIOS, because this can mean that heartbeats can be passed between the nodes without packets leaving the box. The netmon.cf will be effective only, if targets are outside the VIO environment. Cluster verification cannot verify this. The order from one line to the other is unimportant. If more than 32 !REQD lines are specified for the same owner, any extra lines are ignored. This format does not change heartbeating behavior in any way. It changes only how the decision is made regarding whether a local adapter is up or down.
+In PowerHA V7.2, the netmon.cf file is now used by CAA. Before PowerHA V7.2, it was used by Reliable Scalable Cluster Technology (RSCT). There are now (starting with PowerHA V7.2) different rules for the netmon.cf:
+Independent from the PowerHA version that is used, if possible, you must have more than one address defined (by interface). It is not recommended to use the gateway address as modern gateways start dropping ICMP packages if there is high workload.
+------------------------------------------------------
+poll_uplink
+Another solution to detect link status in VIO environments without using netmon.cf file, is the poll_uplink parameter. Using SEA poll_uplink method (since VIOS 2.2.3.3), SEA can pass up the link status, so no netmon.cf file with "!REQD" style ping is required any more.
+In PowerHA V7, the network down detection is performed by CAA. CAA by default checks for IP traffic and for the link status of an interface. Therefore, using poll_uplink is advised for PowerHA LPARs. The network down failure detection is much faster if poll_uplink is used.
+No special configuration required on the VIOS/SEA side, and on the PowerHA nodes (VIO clients) these steps are needed:
+1. smitty clstop <--stop cluster
+2. chdev -l <entX> -a poll_uplink=yes -P <--enable on all virt. interface on all nodes (with -P reboot is needed)
+3. entstat -d <entX> | grep -i bridge <--after enabling, can be checked with entstat, it should show: Bridge Status: Up
+4. verif. and synch <--run verif. and synch.
+5. smitty clstart <--start cluster
+There are no additional changes to PowerHA and CAA needed. The information about the virtual link status is automatically detected by CAA. There is no need to change the MONITOR_INTERFACE setting.
+(In PowerHA V7.1.3, MONITOR_INTERFACE setting has to be changed, but in PowerHA V7.2.0 and later it is not needed anymore.)
+checking the status of MONITOR_INTERFACE:
+# clmgr -a MONITOR_INTERFACE query cluster
+The default is MONITOR_INTERFACE=enable
+------------------------------------------------------
+cldump, clstat
+Cldump and clstat can be used to have a good overview of the cluster status. Both of these utilities are using the clinfoES daemon and clinfo uses SNMP to gather information from the cluster manager.
+clhosts file
+This file contains IP address information which helps to enable communication between monitoring daemons on clients and the PowerHA cluster nodes. The file resides on all PowerHA cluster servers and clients in the /usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/ directory.
+When a monitor daemon starts up (for example clinfoES on a client), it reads this file to know which nodes are available for communication.
+(when running clstat utility from a client, the clinfoES obtains info from this file.)
+PowerHA automatically generates the clhosts file needed by clients when you perform a verification with the automatic corrective action feature enabled. The verification creates a /usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/clhosts.client file on all cluster nodes, which is similar to this
+# Date Created: 05/19/2014 at 14:39:07
+#
+10.10.10.52 #ftwserv
+10.10.10.51 #dallasserv
+192.168.150.51 #jessica_xd
+192.168.150.52 #cassidy_xd
+...
+This file contains all addresses, including the boot, service, and persistent IPs. Before using any of the monitor utilities from a client node, the clhosts.client file must be copied over to all clients as /usr/es/sbin/cluster/etc/clhosts. (without the client extension)
+Link to solve clstat issues:
+------------------------------------------------------
+ERROR: Comm error found on node: aix1.
+ERROR: Comm error found on node: aix2.
+ERROR: No more alive nodes leftCluster services will not start on node(s): aix1 aix2
+Please see the above verification errors for more detail.A trace of the verification warning/error messages above
+is available in the file:/var/hacmp/clverify/clverify.log
+The solution was, that default gateway was missing so nodes could not communicate at all. After creating default gateway, and ping worked between nodes, this error disappeared.
+------------------------------------------------------
+4 " $ oss 'x$4u~g a
+COLLEGE
+BASKETBALL
+(2) Duke 64,
+N.C. STATE 50
+(4) Kansas 111,
+COLORADO 62
+(9) Purdue 77,
+PENN STATE 55
+MARYLAND 81,
+(13) Florida State 74
+(14) Mississippi 90,
+FLORIDA 79
+(16) S. CAROLINA 71,
+Vanderbilt 70
+(18) Syracuse 77,
+PROVIDENCE 59
+(19) XAVIER 104,
+LaSalle 67
+Ala:Birmingham 65,
+(20) MARQUETTE 52
+(22) Arkansas 83,
+MISS. STATE 70
+PRO
+BASKETBALL
+Orlando 83.
+TORONTO 81
+WASHINGTON 110.
+Boston 108
+NEW YORK 89,
+New Jersey 88
+Phoenix 92,
+Minnesota 77
+PRO
+HOCKEY
+Boston 2,
+MONTREAL 1
+NEW JERSEY 3,
+Pittsburgh 1
+Toronto 5,
+TAMPA BAY 2
+6
+Thursday
+January 8, 1998
+8
+After tragedy, wrestlers grapple'
+with task of getting back to mat
+By Jordan Field
+Daily Sports Writer
+Amidst the chaos and disparity of the death
+of one of their teammates, and after missing
+nearly a month of practice, one would under-
+stand if the Michigan wrestling team had decid-
+ed not to travel out West to wrestle as planned.
+But rather than take the vacation time to rest and
+mourn their loss at home, the team traveled as
+scheduled to Oregon and Las Vegas to compete
+and honor their fallen teammate.
+But the Wolverines didn't just compete -
+they dominated. And they will look to do the
+same as they travel to Penn State and Lehigh
+tomorrow and Saturday for dual meets with
+those two teams as well as with Hofstra on
+Saturday.
+The Michigan team hasn't won a dual meet in
+Happy Valley since the 1964-65 season, but
+look for their success over the vacation to con-
+tinue.
+Ranked fifth in the nation before heading out
+West, the Wolverines traveled first to Corvallis,
+Ore., to compete in the Oregon Classic. With
+Jeff Reese's initials on their singlets, Michigan
+won the tournament, reaching the finals in nine
+of the 13 weight classes.
+"We went out there pretty rusty," coach Dale
+Bahr said. "Considering the circumstances, we
+went out there not knowing what to expect. But
+this tournament didn't field competition that
+was too stiff except for the Oregon State team,
+so fortunately without wrestling at our best we
+were still able to get back into the swing of
+things."
+The day after the tournament, the Wolverines
+faced their first dual meet of the season, meet-
+ing the tournament host and 25th-ranked
+Oregon State Beavers.
+The Beavers, who finished second in their
+tournament, couldn't match Michigan and lost in
+a 23-18 thriller. The Wolverines fell behind, 9-5,
+after the first three matches, but rallied behind
+Teya Hill's pin of Luke Duffy at 150 pounds to
+capture four of the final five matches to win the
+meet. The only loss came in a forfeit at 190.
+"Teya went out there and battled with that
+guy," Bahr said. "Just right at the end, with
+probably 15 seconds left he pinned him. And
+that turned the whole match around."
+Hill had faced Duffy the day before in the
+consolation finals of the tournament and lost,
+14-12. But Hill wasn't about to lose to the same
+guy twice in a row. The pin came at 2:45 of the
+third period.
+"It was all about revenge,' Hill said. "It was
+close in the first match, and this time it was
+close again. But I got him in a head lock and
+just held it as hard as I could. There was no way
+I was going to let go of that guy until the ref
+called the fall."
+Riding high, Michigan traveled to Reno,
+Nev., three days later to compete in the all-day
+Reno Tournament of Champions. There the
+Wolverines placed second, behind the nation's
+No. I team, Oklahoma State.
+After a bye in the first round, Michigan
+slipped past Arizona State, 19-18, in the second
+round. The Wolverines lost the lead by dropping
+matches at 177 and 191, and looked to heavy-
+weight Airron Richardson to win the meet.
+Richardson, who Bahr has before labeled,
+"money in the bank," came through again %lhip-
+ping Joe Micela, 20-6, to seal the win.
+"We needed a major (decision) from Airros
+to win the meet, and I went over to talk with hi
+during the 191 match," Bahr said. "He looked at
+me and said 'Yeah, I know coach.' In all of my
+years here I've never had a closer like Airron.
+Not even Kirk Trost, who was a national cham-
+pion. It's great to feel such security when you
+are in a situation like that:'
+The victory over the Sun Devils earned
+Michigan a spot in the finals opposite the top-
+ranked Cowboys. The Wolverines were over-
+matched by the powerhouse, falling 30-3. But
+the Wolverines weren't discouraged by the lI
+sided loss because the match was much closer
+than the score indicated. Although only
+Richardson won his match, five of the other
+nine matches were decided by two points or
+fewer - three in overtime.
+"Oklahoma State has a very good team, but
+we stuck with them," Richardson said. "As good
+as we were all vacation, we were still rusty and
+that showed against OSU. Had we faced them
+later in the season, some of those points could
+have gone the other way, and with a win here
+there, you never know what would happen."
+Now back in Ann Arbor, the team is back to
+the regular practice schedule, and can begin to
+focus on the rest of the season despite a contin-
+ued media frenzy.
+"We always think about Jeff, and we are
+wrestling for him," All-American captain, Jeff
+Catrabone said. "He loved this team and would
+want us to continue the season and win. So
+that's what we will do."
+FiLE PHOTO
+Michigan senior Bill Lacure and his teammates resumed competition after a three-week hiatus following
+the death of Jeff Reese. The team will continue this season with Reese's initials on their singlets.
+RELIVE MICHIGAN'S
+ROSE BOWL WIN AND
+NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP
+Van Ryn happy to be
+home after absence
+Savor the Wolverines' first national
+championship since 1948 for years
+to come with a glossy, full-color
+poster of The Michigan Daily's front
+page. The poster sells for $5 and
+will be available next week at
+The Michigan Daily's offices in
+the Student Publications
+Building at 420 Maynard St. z
+and at select retail outlets in
+the Ann Arbor area. Add a
+poster of Michigan's Rose
+Bowl-clinching win over Ohio
+State for an additional
+$2.50. Read the Daily to
+find out when the posters ,
+will be available for
+purchase.'
+Awl-mrI
+By Chris Farah
+Daily Sports Writer
+Slowly but surely, all the pieces have
+been falling into place for the Michigan
+hockey team. In fact. with the Wolverines
+alone at the top of the CCHA standings
+for the first time this season, the
+Michigan jigsaw puzzle is starting to
+look picture perfect.
+What's even more amazing is that the
+Wolverines' puzzle has been coming
+together without one of its primary
+pieces.
+Freshman defenseman Mike Van Ryn
+spent the past few weeks trying to fit into
+another team's plans - the Canadian
+world junior hockey team, which played
+in the 1998 World Junior Hockey
+Championship in Finland from Dec. 25
+to Jan. 3.
+But Van Ryn's Canadian team didn't
+have nearly as much success as his
+American team. The Canadian's had their
+worst showing ever in the tournament,
+finishing eighth after losing to
+Kazakstan, 6-3, in the final consolation
+round on Saturday.
+Think eighth isn't all that bad?
+Consider that Canada won the past five
+world junior championships before this
+year. Overall, the Canadians won only
+two games out of seven during the entire
+tournament, which featured 10 interna-
+tional teams.
+The native of London, Ontario, tried to
+remain optimistic about Canada's disap-
+pointing showing.
+"It was a good experience," Van Ryn
+said. "But like I told the guys, I'm sick of
+losing. It was something new for me; I
+wasn't accustomed to losing all those
+games. But that happens. We had a young
+team - only two guys back from last
+year. "We weren't focused the whole
+time, and we weren't disciplined, either."
+Van Ryn is one of the top defensemen
+on another young, inexperienced team -
+the Wolverines. There was a chance the
+Wolverines would falter without his help
+behind the blue line. Instead, however,
+during his absence, the Wolverines only
+lost one game - the championship
+match of the Great Lakes Invitational to
+Michigan State.
+Van Ryn said he's happy his team
+improved so much during his trip abroad
+... just as long as the Wolverines still
+want him back, of course.
+"It's great when you go away and you
+see your team still winning;" Van Ryn
+said. "Every day, I woke up and called
+my home, and asked my mom how the
+guys did. They just kept winning.
+"Kind of made me feel bad - I don't
+really make that much of a difference, I
+guess - but it's good to know your team
+can still play without you."
+All kidding aside, though, Michigan
+coach Red Berenson said the team was
+grateful to have Van Ryn back in the
+maize and blue.
+"We're glad to have him back, because
+we don't have a farm team," Berenson
+said. "He's going to upgrade our team
+just by his presence."
+Berenson said he was pleased with
+Michigan's performance without the aid
+of Van Ryn - but that the time has come
+for the freshman's return.
+"The good thing about having guys out
+or missing is that it gives other guys the
+opportunity to step up," Berenson said.
+"Players like Bubba Berenzweig, Sean
+Peach, Chris Fox and Dave Huntzicker
+really stepped up.
+"But are we a better team with Mike
+Van Ryn in the lineup? Absolutely."
+But Berenson and the rest of the
+Wolverines may have to wait a little while
+for Van Ryn to get back in sync. Van Ryn
+said the international competition wasn't
+up to par with what he faces in American
+.umich~edu/dcf'ailyI
+MALLORY S.E. FLOYD/Daily
+Freshman Mike Van Ryn has been seeing red - instead of maize and blue - fore
+the past few weeks. The defenseman played for the Canadian junior hockey team.
+U U
+747-9400 1220 S. University
+Above McDonalds
+SPRING BREAK
+SPECIALS
+O O
+._.--
+SUPER HYANS
+Tannng all semester 1 One month unlmited I
+$49.95 11tanning $39.951
+Lfrst 2001 only!! + $1-er session cJ LNo service fees Expires 1/15/98 cl
+college hockey.
+"To tell you the truth, I think the col-
+lege game is faster than international
+play," Van Ryn said. "The coaches asked
+me what I thought, and I told them the
+same thing. I thought it was faster here,
+the players are older, bigger and stronger.
+"So, maybe mentally I'm a stronger
+player, but physically it didn't do any-
+thing."
+He may have felt a little rusty at first,
+but Van Ryn said he was anxious to get
+back into the action.
+"It was weird," he said. "When I came
+down Tuesday, we were all gathered
+around the room - all the frosh - we
+were sitting down. I said, 'Geeze, this
+feels like my first day back at school.' It
+was so long.
+"It was just good to see the guys again,
+get back on the ice and get into the swing
+of things."
+Not only did the world championship
+tournament take him out of action for the
+Wolverines, it also changed Van Ryn's
+academic schedule a little bit. He was
+forced to take his final exams for the f
+semester a week early so he could leav
+for tryouts for the team.
+"It was a rush," Van Ryn said. "It kind
+of hurt me, too. I only found out two days
+before, so I had to get my exams ready
+and write them the next day, and also I
+didn't get to really study for any of them."
+But the most important thing: Did he
+pass?
+"Yeah," he said with a laugh. "I passed
+by a lot."
+p
+m
+unit 8
+Maintaining A Commitment to Professionalism
+And now you. As a professional, what personal responsibilities do you take on? What is your role in the profession and what does the future hold for you?
+Too long we've thought of early childhood educators as "just preschool teachers." Now is the time to recognize the important role we play in the lives of children and the impact our work has on society. In this unit, we'll look ahead.
+As you get ready to launch your career in early childhood, we old-timers welcome you as a colleague and look forward to seeing the great things you'll do.
+Click on the picture at left to launch the video.
+This video runs 48.
+additional resources
+video summary
+What "Ethical Practice" Means
+A “profession” by the dictionary’s definition is an occupation requiring considerable training and specialized study. A "professional" is a skilled practitioner who conforms to the standards of her profession. “Professionalism” refers to status, methods, character, or standards that distinguish the professional person from those who might hold the same job but not really be professionals.
+If you are lucky, everyone you work with is a professional, who demonstrates professionalism. If you're unlucky or have taken on the task of turning around a troubled center, you may be the only true professional in the place, even though others work there.
+Being professional shows your commitment, your seriousness, and your integrity. We all grow in our level of professionalism as we deepen our dedication to our work. I wish this for you: that you become increasingly professional in your ongoing work with children and families.
+What Professionalism Looks Like
+The professional educator demonstrates some specific actions. Here is a list, in more-or-less order of increasing professionalism.
+- Shows up on time, comes fully prepared, is engaged throughout the day, and stays as late as is necessary to finish the day well;
+- Is curious about children's development and what works best in guiding their learning;
+- Works well with others, sharing information, avoiding gossip and rivalry, and helping out when needed;
+- Takes responsibility for his or her own actions, is honest, admits mistakes and is happy to learn;
+- Is interested in learning more and shows this interest by reading, talking with experts, and making connections within the field;
+- Is concerned about big-picture issues of state and national legislation, standards, assessment, and curriculum.
+Most of all, being a professional shows your commitment. You know you will always be "an early childhood person," even if your work life moves on to other areas. Being a professional never ends.
+Young children deserve to be surrounded by those who are committed to excellence every day. Children, families, schools and communities thrive when they are supported by inspiring, dedicated professionals.
+Your Code of Ethics
+Without even knowing it, you have your own personal code of ethics. If you wrote this down it might include things like, "Take care of the family first," or "Stay healthy by eating right and exercising," or "Always be polite." We each of us have guiding principles that shape our everyday interactions. These guiding principles are so much a part of us that we might not even realize they're there.
+A code of ethics guides members of the early childhood profession, too. As a member of that profession, you are bound by the ethical code established by your colleagues. Just as others who are members of a team, religious community, or neighborhood, your membership in our profession comes with expectations for ethical practice.
+The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), which is the largest and most influential early childhood organization in the United States, has created an ethical statement that outlines core values that guide our interactions with children, families, our colleagues and the wider community. Take a look at NAEYC's code of ethics from the Unit Ten files on the Library page.
+Here is a summary of that code of ethics. It's a statement of commitment to uphold the ethical guidelines set by NAEYC. I hope you agree that this statement is something we can be committed to upholding.
+Welcome to the Team
+We "old-timers" are delighted to welcome you to the early childhood team! Just like being part of a sports team, the early childhood team requires continual training to stay sharp and keep on top of your game.
+As a member of the early childhood profession, you understand the need to
+- Have a strong knowledge of child development and to keep up with new knowledge in the field.
+- Work effectively with individual children and families, with respect for diversity
+- Know how to translate educational goals into developmentally appropriate classroom practice
+- How to think critically about new ideas and solve problems effectively.
+We other members of your new professional community are here to help you along the way. By working together for the betterment of all children, we can make positive changes.
+Your New Professional Community
+Being an early childhood professional is hard work! But we're all in this together. Each member of your new professional community has experienced the challenges you feel as you work with children and families. We are there for each other, to cheer each other up, to provide fresh ideas and advice, and to rally round when someone needs help.
+How do you connect to all these new friends?
+Read the same things your new friends read. They are reading Young Children from NAEYC and books about child-rearing and child development that they find at the local library. Do this too and keep up with what's going on.
+Link up to professional organizations on Facebook or Twitter. If you use social media, this is a great, free way to find out what's going on in different organizations, what issues they're worried about, and how new developments in the profession affect you. Find organizations on the web and click their Facebook button to "Like" a page. Once you're following a few organizations, you'll find others as well.
+Attend professional conferences in your area. These often have a registration fee, so they're not free. But many of these offer STARS credit you can apply towards your annual professional development requirement (more on that in a bit). Attending conferences gives you a chance to actually talk to other people who are doing the same work you do and who have ideas to share.
+Follow what's going on in DEL. The Department of Early Learning in Washington State advocates for the profession at the state and federal level. New initiatives from DEL may provide new opportunities for you.
+How to Be a Good Teammate
+By building positive relationships with colleagues, you create a caring and supportive environment for children - and for yourself! Each of us has our own individual likes and dislikes, but it's vital that we collaborate with each other in our work. Here are some tips for making that happen:
+- Be open to others' ideas. Listen and acknowledge what other say, even if you don't agree.
+- Accept feedback graciously. It's hard to avoid being defensive but if you can listen to advice with an open mind, you'll do better.
+- Treat others the way you want to be treated.
+- Be helpful. Volunteer to do stuff.
+- Be generous with your own ideas. Avoid being competitive with your colleagues or undermine their work by keeping your good ideas to yourself. You will do better, because your center will do better, if everyone at your center is at least as good as you.
+If you and a coworker disagree, be nice about it. Don't gossip about your coworker. Don't yell or sabotage her work. Stay professional and patient. Remember that development takes time. You cannot change someone overnight. And it might be that you and your coworker just have equally good ways of doing things. Your ideas might not be better, just different.
+Be the colleague you want others to be. Set a good example.
+Always Growing
+This is the beginning. What does the future hold for you?
+Where Do You Go From Here?
+Imagine where you want to be in five years. The possibilities are endless. Your career could take you to:
+- A long-time teaching role, including master teacher status
+- A position as Director, Education Director, or similar work
+- Ownership of your own center or school
+- Professor or Instructor at a community college or university
+- Independent trainer and consultant
+- Author of a book for parents, for teachers, or for children
+- Public speaker and expert
+- Founder of a non-profit organization
+- Activist
+Many notable people got their start as early childhood teachers, including former First Lady Laura Bush, motivational speaker Barbara Sher, Washington's former governor Christine Gregoire, and, of course, members of The Wiggles entertainment group.
+So what's ahead for you? Who do you want to become?
+Becoming All You Can Be
+This course and all the prior experience with children that you bring to your practice are just the beginning. According to Malcolm Gladwell, it takes 10,000 hours of learning to become an expert in any field, so don't stop learning now.
+In addition to reading, joining professional associations, and attending conferences (which we've already considered), to become more expert you need more learning.
+Earn a College Degree. The more schooling you get, the more you know. The more you know, the more tools you'll have to apply to your practice and further your career. So earn your CDA, an Associate's degree, or a Bachelor's. Imagine continuing on, to earn a Master's degree or even a Doctorate. Why not? With the growth of online programs, anyone anywhere can earn a degree from home in the time available. No excuses!
+Engage in Professional Development. To maintain your license, you are required to engage in 10 hours of approved professional development every year (this is the requirement in Washington State; your state requirements may differ). The STARS/MERIT program in Washington State hosts a clearinghouse of training opportunities from approved trainers. You may also apply to have other training accepted as part of your training hours.
+Eight Core Competency areas have been designated by the Department of Early Learning to help guide your professional development plan. The eight core competencies match the sections included in this Child Care Basics course:
+- Child Growth and Development
+- Curriculum and Learning Environment
+- Ongoing Measurement of Child Progress
+- Family and Community Partnerships
+- Health, Safety and Nutrition
+- Interactions and child guidance
+- Program Planning and Development
+- Professional Development and Leadership
+*Two additional competencies are part of the competencies for professionals would work in before- and after-school programs with school-age children. These two extra competencies are “Cultural Competency and Responsiveness” and “Youth Empowerment.”
+Professional development created to earn STARS credit is designated along a continuum from Beginner practitioner (Level 1) to Expert practitioner (Level 5). When you search the STARS/MERIT website for training opportunities, look for courses offered at the level that's appropriate to you and your experience.
+What are you doing right now and what do you plan to do in the coming months?
+How to Avoid Burn-Out
+Work in early childhood is stressful. There's a lot of responsibility, a lot of pressure, long hours, heavy lifting, and little respect in the community. Ours is not a well-paid profession. It's dirty and exhausting. It requires eyes in the back of your head.
+So burn-out is a problem. I worry about you.
+But your work with children is the most important job on the planet. No matter what other people say or what sorts of fancy job titles other people have, your job title and your work are essential to society's success. You build the future. You teach.
+So it's important that you take some time for you. Eat well, get the sleep you need, get lots of exercise. Connect with others who know what it's like to do what you do.
+Thanks for all your hard work so far!
+You've completed the required content for your CDA and that's a great accomplishment. If you haven't started on your electives already, now is the time to begin. Get information on the electives by following the link below. You might also start working on your portfolio, starting with the page linked below.
+Keep up the good work! Let's learn more and complete your CDA.
+I’m going to qualify that header with a little bit of information: I dropped out of University after my first year. Yeah, I know. Me, the prodigal child who went to gifted school, was in all advanced classes and spent most of highschool on the honour roll.
+Was it too hard? Well it kicked my ass, but I probably could have plowed through – I passed a history course without even going to the exam, clearly I was doing something right. Did I spend all my money and time partying? No. I was poor and didn’t like anybody in my residence building. Did I decide to switch my major from Forensic Psychology to Interpretive Dance? Kind of, I guess. I did spend a fortune going to the best school for makeup artistry in North America before realizing that the Toronto beauty market is completely oversaturated. But hey, people spend that kind of money on vacations and I acquired some serious skills. No regrets at all. So why did I drop out?
+Because it sucked.
+Plain and simple, I didn’t like it. It’s not that I don’t have the wherewithall to haul my ass through difficult times in the hope of a great future ahead. I just didn’t see a great future ahead. Sure, I could have had a career as a forensic scientist, growing slowly more obsessed and insane (my fellow apartment dwellers were disturbed by the “motivational” photos plastered to my wall on the rare occasion I opened my door). But I lived with this lingering fear of spending all that time and money only to change my mind. I saw so many people achieving degrees only to find them useless, and so many people doing alright without them. I’m not saying higher education is useless. I’m just saying I was disillusioned. Everything I learned was through textbooks, holing up in my tiny bedroom for literally months at a time. The daily get up and go process, the classes and interaction with other humans only served as an example of why an education doesn’t make you smart. So I shunned it all very quickly, moved out on my own and threw myself into the real world for a whirlwind tour of poverty, uncertainty, adventure, heartache, exploration and a few good life lessons that all the overpriced tuition in the world could never have afforded me, and as is becoming increasingly obvious, has not been afforded to a great many of the more educated ‘others’.
+THINGS UNIVERSITY DOESN’T TEACH YOU:
+When it comes right down to it, your electric bill is the last one that needs to be paid. At least in Toronto where they will go for over a year before sticking that orange tab of paper on your door. On a related note, your account number is attached to your address, not you personally. So when you move, it’s not a very good idea to keep making online payments to the old account number because even though you will be credited for it, it’ll take them a year to figure it out and it’s a super pain in the ass.
+To prevent crack addicts from rummaging through your shit, don’t put out your recycling until you hear the truck coming. Empty beer cans are like gold. This of course, depends on where you live. If you can’t figure out whether or not you are surrounded by crackheads, you should probably just give up and wander into traffic. They don’t all look like Dave Chapelle, by the way.
+There is no greater skill than being able to lie.
+It’s all about who you know. I got this job because someone I made a brief impression on called me up to offer it. Talea got her job because I got that same someone to call her. At our previous place of employ, I was promoted from lowly phone monkey to reception because Talea knew me and my hyperorganization. Sure, the job was posted and technically available to anyone, and plenty of more educated and more senior people were a little miffed, but at the end of the day people hire you, not your resume.
+Experience trumps education. I suppose some kind of college degree in business administration (What the hell do they teach in those classes? How to file? Did we not learn the alphabet and therefore how to alphabetize in kindergarten?) might beef up my salary. But if I walk into an interview with years of customer service and a list of references attesting to my skills, that meek little girl in her first suit and a newly framed degree doesn’t stand a chance.
+Don’t bring your parents to a job interview you stupid, stupid twit.
+You really, REALLY don’t need a swiffer.
+If you live in a sketchy place, make friends with the scariest looking person you can find. Again, it’s all about who you know.
+You have to start doing the job you want before they will start paying you for it.
+A four apartment quadplex with simple slots at the door for mail is going to be more secure than a two level series of bachelor apartments with 12 locked boxes. The former indicates an established level of trust. The latter…well, lets just say that I can still go back to my old apartment and open up most of the mailboxes with my fingernail.
+Knowing city by-laws like the back of your hand is very useful, especially with jackass neighbours. Also become familiar with any rules and regulations pertaining to renting and lease agreements. Landlords will fuck you the minute they can.
+THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR GOOD LUBE
+When scouting for a dwelling, check all the taps and flush the toilets. Sure it might have a great view and tons of amenities, but you won’t care so much about the concierge service when you have cold shampoo running in your eye and you end up tripping on the shower curtain and are found by the paramedics staring blindly up into the still running ice cold spray. “Oh God, my eyes!” should never be anybody’s last words.
+Learn how to break someones nose. You probably won’t ever have to, but it’s a good skill to have.
+Not doing your own laundry by the age of 20 is wrong. Sending your laundry home to your parents makes you a sad, pathetic individual. Girls at school, I’m talking directly to you.
+Find a good doctor. Don’t assume they all know what they’re talking about, because a frightening percentage of them don’t. That nagging feeling of frustration like you’ve spent three hours trying to assemble a shoddy piece of Ikea furniture except you’ve been doing nothing of the sort? Yeah, it’s not the product of allergies and isn’t going to go away any time soon. It’s probably the sinking realization that you’re grown up and have to start acting like one, but you should still do something about it.
+A good pair of heels can get you further than you think. So will a good tie and a good set of cufflinks. So will a chainsaw.
+Get it in writing. People will doublecross you for a latte, nevermind a dollar.
+If you’re getting calls from a collections agency, you probably already know that you’re fucked. You don’t have to stay on the line with them or let them scare you – feel free to hang up, laugh maniacally or make animal sounds. See that guy there? He’s screaming about the Manson muders and their relation to his mothers favourite Borscht recipe. And he’s having a grand old time. You can too!
+Your printer didn’t just run out of ink on the day that you’re expected to bring a resume to an interview, and you don’t have a family emergency. For the love of all the is decent, just learn to say “I’m no longer interested in the position.” You’re not going to hurt anyone’s feelings.
+Stop being afraid of hurting the feelings of people you are never going to see again. It’s very liberating. Feel free to walk out on a bill when the service was really that terrible. You don’t have to be nice to your ex. That pizza guy doesn’t need to be tipped 20% unless you have the same delivery guy all the time. If you do, make friends with him, man, make friends. You never know when a pizza guy is going to come in handy.
+Nobody is interested in your regurgitation of the social theories you learned in school. If confronted with such a character, ask them if they’re going to introduce any original thoughts any time soon or if you should just break out the Communist Manifesto and get it over with.
+If a taxi driver forgets to put the meter on, you don’t have to pay him out of sympathy. In this and in many other situations, asking for a name or employee number will get you a hell of a lot. If your cab gets in an accident you do not owe him anything other than a screaming shitfit. Learn how to throw a screaming shitfit, they can be very, very helpful. If your taxi driver happens to be a squirrel, pay the fuck up. Squirrels will lay the smackdown.
+Return policies in most stores are more flexible than you think depending on how long you are willing to stand in line and argue.
+Your first apartment isn’t going to come with a garbage can, toilet paper or a mop. You’ll also find yourself amazed at all the shit you need that you would never have thought of. Whether you’re a do-good bakeasaurus rex moving into a cute little condo or a hash smoking layabout living in the slums, YOU WILL NEED ALUMINUM FOIL.
+A life well lived is the best revenge, but paired up with a wad of spit in the eye it’s damned near perfect.
+And lastly:
+BEING EDUCATED AND BEING SMART ARE TWO VERY DIFFERENT THINGS!!!
+damn fuckin ‘straight, dood.
+I spent almost FIVE YEARS in college- $50,000 in debt, thxsomuch- and the BF has a only a highschool diploma and makes $7 an hour more than I do.
+Though I did learn one thing FROM college, not IN college- Don’t put IcyHot on your back and then take a shower. Makes the stuff creep into interesting places…
+Holy. Shit.
+You have nothing left to learn. Proceed directly to your 40’s.
+@ kittymao: I know right? I’ve always been an academic, and I’m not going to knock anyone going in for an architects degree but man…there’s some things you can’t help but notice and there’s a nasty fucking trend going around and that trend is USLESS EDUCATION. You know, University was never intended to get jobs, it was about the love of learning. I think they should still be like that, and those of us who have rent to pay should be able to just pick a career and go take a course. “How to be a Forensic Psychologist” and nevermind the calculus I’ll never use. “How to be an Engineer” and nevermind the damn social science.
+@ Ginny: I know 😦 Sometimes I feel like I’m already there. But I’m also glad I’ve already figured most of this out and I’m not going to spend the next ten years realizing that flour does in fact run out despite whatever impressions your mothers kitchen gave you. Parenting on the other hand, I know nothing about. THAT’s going to be fun 😛
+I love this list. I want to write my own, but I’m afraid you would mock me incessently (I spelt that wrong…I don’t think spelt is a word….I spelled that wrong) and everyone would be like, ‘Didn’t Emerald already post this?’ and then I’d have to tell them all to shut up cuz they’re stupid.
+I remember moving into my first place and being like, omg…no garbage can? no toilet paper? I had never questioned those things.
+Also, I’m a PRO at throwing a shitfit. I have tons of free shit to prove it.
+Knowing city bylaws is priceless. That way you know just how far you can push it when you feel like fighting with the bylaw officer. I was great friends with the one in Vaughan, since I was called in nearly every day for parking my car on the street. Whatevs.
+Lastly, Swiffers are for douchebags. Sweep your floor assholes!
+This was an awesome post em, very insightful. I may do one of these myself and go ahead and join you and Talea. Swiffers are for pussies, shop-vacs are the way to go. They can suck the chrome off a bumper. You can clean up broken concrete with those fuckers. I’d like to see you swiffer up broken glass in a puddle of water. Not gonna happen captain.
+I pretty much agreed with everything except the social theories part, but that’s probably cause no one I know really discusses social theories.
+That last one hit the nail on the head. I have met far too many educated idiots in my time.
+@ evyl: Totally. Idiots with a piece of paper are bad enough, but idiots who flaunt their piece of paper like it makes them King Turd of the Toilet Bowl should be kicked.
+@ le boyfriend: The ability to suck chrome off a bumper eh? We will discuss this further at a later date.
+@ talea: Dude, you are my shitfit inspiration. I lub you.
+@ talea & le boyfriend: DUUUUUH, of *course* you should both do a post like this. I mean, combined we probably know everything there is to know, including why hot dogs come in packs of 12 and buns come in packs of 8. Or maybe that’s reversed, I don’t eat hotdogs.
+That was just gold. I have written all your lessons down on bevnaps and safely put them in my shirt pocket.
+PS- Thanks for the help with my name link. That would have taken me forever to figure out. Nope, nope….I would have never figured that out.
+Damn skippy. Why couldn’t have someone told me all of this before I spent gazillions of dollars and five years of my life just to refine my drinking skills?
+Great post, Em. When I moved out of my parent’s house, I moved in with Old Man Shank, he thinks of all this stuff because he was born knowing pretty much everything. He really is quite handy to have. 😛
+Shop Vacs are kick ass!
+Very glorious post Em 🙂 . I have met far, far, FAR too many educated-head-up-ass-fuck-heads in my life, and still I stare at them in absolute puzzlement knowing that they are completely incapable of typing a concise, grammatically correct business email.
+On the flip side of the coin (and I think I’m the first on this comment thread to go here), education can indeed…be useful AND compelling to a prospective employer, you just have to know how to spin it. It’s all about the spin baby. For example when I finished university and found myself “cashiering” at Zellers in Kitchener (ya, Kitchener..seriously) thinking “holy fuck am I gonna be a lifer”, I somehow scored an interview for this Advertising Media Firm, which was pretty fucking uppity, corporate, “image conscious”, the whole nine yards…I walked in there with my ZERO office experience and the first blazer I had ever bought, and talked about…school. Case studies, teamwork skills, achievements in Marketing courses…ALL topics which were totally beefed-up by “half truths” etc., but somehow I scored the job. Then when I walked in the office on the first day staring at a few other newbies who were level-par, (newbies who had PAGES of resume-experience vs. my “nothing”), I kind of…sort of….laughed…maybe University wasn’t so useless afterall…
+…wow, why am I still talking? 😉
+Oh ya, as I was saying…*ahem*…the University-degree came in handy that time, but the irony would be: my passion for my “degree topic” is relatively non-existent…hmm…I’ll have to figure out this personal-issue sooner or later….
+Oh and also, you are right: you don’t need an education to be smart, but you most certainly need to be smart if you’re going to have an education…otherwise you become the head-in-ass guy/girl and no one in the office will go for drinks with you…LOL… 😉
+PS: or maybe everything I said in this entire comment is a load of crap and I only got hired to fulfill a “brown people” quota, what the fuck do I know….?
+Good day 🙂
+@ Billy: A few tattoos a la Memento is probably a little more difficult to misplace than cocktail napkins, but whatevs. And no prob on the name thing help, a kindly passerby helped me so I now consider it my duty to pass on the cheer.
+@ 2lazydogs: Don’t underestimate the value of good drinking skills!
+@ May: “Old Man Shank” ha! He does seem to just pretty much know everything in that extra quiet awesome sort of way.
+@ Romi: I know dude, what is WITH the grammatically incorrect emails? My god man! And yes, a decent education can certainly come in handy, and there are plenty of jobs where you DO need an education. It’s just unfortunate that we assume that we are going to walk out of a four year nightmare clutching our little pieces of paper assuming all will be well.
+“Learn how to break someones nose. You probably won’t ever have to, but it’s a good skill to have.”
+I’m going to get right on this one.
+@ cowgal: My only non-experienced advice comes from the very scary ex-militia who taught me, and his advice scared me. So um, tae-kwon-do jes?
+OMG greenie, what a masterful post! Thank you for writing it 😀
+I say proceed directly to your 50s.
+I too am a dropout. I managed to drop out of college twice in 3 semesters, and while I’m thankful for some of what I learned there, I learned so much more from failure and the subsequent drift of my life. Irony is that I have been working at a perfectly lovely little private college for the last 10 years and really appreciate the opportunity to help students in whatever way I can, mostly with their computer problems.
+Lubrication IS really important, and so is learning where NOT to waste your precious energy on the assholes running rampant on the planet. It’s fucking tricky, since we may be assholes ourselves sometimes.
+But anywho, have you heard No, Virginia yet? Please tell me what’s your favorite song.
+Most topics have been cover and recovered quite well, so, nice post. 😉 Both entertaining and insightful. 🙂
+Notice the order of God’s work
+).
+The pattern:
+- Divine intervention: “I will give, put, remove, give…”
+- Life transformation: “Then they will follow.. and be careful to keep…”
+- Personal relationship: “They will be my people….I will be their God”
+Divine intervention: “I will give, put, remove, give…”
+Aside from specific application of these words to Israel, and the timing of their fulfillment, they provide a window into God’s answer for the human problem. These words reveal the deeper need we all face as humans. What is the answer to our endless course of self-destruction? What will help us with our personal and relational crises? More to the point, what is the answer to our wayward rebellion and sin? Do we need more laws? Better education? Civil rights?
+These things are not necessarily wrong but they often prove to be merely external adjustments. What we learn from the Word of God through Ezekiel is that our real need is for Divine intervention.
+God says, “I will give them, I will “put a new spirit in them” “I will remove from them… and give them…” We need nothing less than divine intervention. We need profound inner transformation not just a few external changes. And only God can give someone an undivided heart and a new spirit. Only God can remove a heart of stone (a hardened and stubborn heart) replacing it with a heart of flesh (a humble and teachable heart).
+Charles Spurgeon:
+, for though the outside of the cup and of the platter is made clean, the inside still remains full of rottenness as before. No truth of God is more sure than this concerning all the sons of men, “You.”
+“Scripture does not mince matters, or say that some men may be better than others, naturally, and by an improvement of their Excellencies may at last become good enough for God. Far from it! It declares concerning all, “Except you are converted and become as little children, you shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of Heaven.” True religion begins, then, with the heart, and the heart is the ruling power of manhood. You may enlighten a man’s understanding and you have done much, but as long as his heart is wrong, the enlightenment of the understanding only enables him to sin with a greater weight of responsibility resting upon him. He knows good to be good, but he prefers the evil. He sees the light, but he loves the darkness and turns from the Truth of God because his heart is alienated from God. The heart, when renewed by Grace, is the best part of manhood. Unrenewed, it is the very worst” (Charles Spurgeon).
+Divine intervention and inner transformation:
+’s focus on the heart:
+What a good word! God gives a new heart— an undivided heart. He removes a heart of stone and gives a heart of flesh—a tender heart. He will see to it himself. (see: Prayers for the heart)
+Yet it’s sobering to recall that the God who removes obduracy of heart by gracious intervention also hardens calloused hearts in judgment.
+God hardens the heart of Pharaoh (Exodus 7:13); God says that he will harden the hearts of the Egyptians (Exodus 14:17); the LORD hardened the spirit of Sihon, king of Heshbon (Deuteronomy 2:30); the LORD to harden the hearts of the northern kings in Canaan (Joshua 11:20), Isaiah asked why God hardened Israel’s heart (Isaiah 63:17), and the apostle Paul wrote “whom God wills He hardens” (Romans 9:18). God, who kindly gives ears to hear: “But blessed are your eyes, for they see, and your ears, for they hear” (Matthew 13:16). “Flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven” (Matthew 16:17). But sometimes God blinds the eyes and dulls the ears of those who refuse to listen (Jeremiah 5:21-24; 6:9-15 Isaiah 6:8-11; Matthew 13:11-17).
+What kind of person receives divine intervention?
+Apart from divine intervention, the heart remains unchanged. But does Scripture provide insight into the kind of person who receives this gracious intervention of God? Yes. Consider the story Jesus gave in Luke 18:9-14 and look closely at the contrast between two types of people. One has a heart hardened in prideful self-righteousness; the other, a heart overwhelmed with unworthiness and need self-righteous see no need for intervention. They’re doing quite well in their own estimation. They leverage self-promotion by looking with contempt on others, thus validating their deluded sense of superiority. They boast in their deeds. By contrast, Jesus pictured chest-beating, mercy-pleading sinners who are not even sure they’re supposed to be in a place where God dwells. They keep to a distance and feel the weight of their wretchedness. These people know they need intervention. They boast of nothing and only appeal to God based on mercy. While the first man builds a case for justification before God, the second pleads with God to withhold the judgment he knows he deserves. This man, rather than the other, receives the gift of divine justification before God.
+“A heart of flesh is a gift of Sovereign Grace and it is always the result of Divine power. No heart of stone was ever turned into flesh by accident, nor by mere Providential dispensations, nor by human persuasions. You might argue with a rock a long while before you would persuade it into flesh. Neither is such a change worked by a man’s own actions. How shall a stone, being a stone, produce in itself flesh? A power from above the man must work upon him. According to the language of the Scriptures, “Except a man be born from above he cannot see the kingdom of God.” The Spirit of God must change the nature, or the heart of stone will never become a heart of flesh! Note that the first works of the Spirit of God upon the soul tend towards this tenderness, for when He comes to a man He convinces him of sin and so softens him. The man convinced of sin does not laugh any longer at sin, neither does he despise the wrath of God on account of it. When the Spirit of God darts the arrows of conviction into the soul, then the heart begins to bleed and the man is conscious of feelings and emotions to which he was a stranger before” (Charles Spurgeon).
+“Oh, to think that salvation should be of the Sovereign Grace of God! How it humbles us. How it lays us in the dust. No more talking about man’s rights as a creature, man’s claims and what God ought to do! We are broken down and feel that the Lord may do exactly what He wills and thus we are made tender before His face. Oh, to know that there is no pardon except by faith in a Substitute! To understand that God must and will punish sin—how it makes us feel that sin is no trifle! How it leads us to abhor sin as a great evil and makes us jealous lest we should offend again! When we read that all our help was laid on Jesus Christ, how it cuts away, by the roots, all our self-confidence and makes us lie low at the foot of the Throne of God!” (Charles Spurgeon).
+Intervention as new birth
+The work of intervention described in Ezekiel would parallel the New Testament emphasis on being born of God or made new creations in Christ.
+Dead people receive life:
+Part of the way the New Testament explains salvation is God giving life to people who are dead in sin. ,5)
+“And this is the testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life.” (I John 5:11-12).
+Dead people born of God
+Salvation is also described as a birth. The life received is identified as a new birth or being born of God. “Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God” (I John 5:1). “For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring word of God” (1 Peter 1:23). “Jesus replied, ‘Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again’” (John 3:3).
+Consider the way the apostle Paul describes this intervention:
+).
+Our first birth was of perishable seed, conceived in sin; our second birth, of imperishable seed. After this intervention of new birth, is it right to expect changes in the one who believes in Christ?
+“No one who is born of God will continue to sin, because God’s seed remains in them; they cannot go on sinning, because they have been born of God” (I John 3:9). How can they persist in sin if they were pleading for God’s mercy about their sin? It’s not that they never sin (a misleading translation of the KJV), but that they cannot persistently remain in sin. Nor do they deny being a sinner: “If we claim to be without sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us” (I John 1:8). Instead they come clean with God: “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just and will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness” (I John 1:9). They also know the basis for forgiveness of sin: “if anybody does sin, we have an advocate with the Father—Jesus Christ, the Righteous One. He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins” (I John 2:1-2).
+Intervention and inner transformation come before outward transformation:
+“Then they will follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws.” And it is all to be based on personal relationship: “They will be my people, and I will be their God” (Ezekiel 11:19-20).
+Steve Cornell
+Fad diets date back centuries. The options throughout history range from the ridiculous to the even more ridiculous.
+Take this old newspaper ad for a new diet. It reads, “Eat, eat, eat and always stay thin. Fat, the enemy that is shortening your life, banished. How? With sanitized tape worms.” Yum. The ad states they are “jar packed,” “easy to swallow,” have “no ill effects” and of course, pose “no danger.” 2
+Look and you will find old ads for cigarettes in which doctors recommend a certain brand of cigarette for good health.3 With its appetite-suppressing effects and so-called stress-relieving properties, many consumers fell for this deadly habit. Even today, many smokers fear if they quit smoking, they will gain weight.
+For decades fad diets have come and gone. There was the Drinking Man’s Diet, the Martini and Whipped Cream Diet and the Calories Don’t Count Diet. Today, you can still try the Grapefruit Diet (of 1941), you can supercharge your bowel movements with the Cabbage Soup Diet, perhaps have a reversal of fortunes so-to-speak on the Hot Dog Diet of 1963, or be proud to get your hand caught in the cookie jar while on the Cookie Diet. You can also try the Ice Cream Diet of 2002, although the concept that frozen foods contain zero calories because calories are units of heat did melt away pretty quickly. A little less ridiculous, at least in name, is the Scarsdale Diet, The Doctor’s Quick Weight Loss Diet, The Zone Diet and the South Beach Diet.
+But none have received more play over the years or fit the term “fad” better than the Atkins’ Diet. In fact, the Atkins’ Diet has been coined, “The Diet Fad of the 21st Century.”4
+Atkins penned his first version of his infamous diet back in 1972, but I have 14 versions of Atkins books I picked up at a used bookstore sitting here on my desk as I write and research this article – and I didn’t even buy them all! The titles run the gamut from Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution to the Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution, to Atkins’ for Life, but the premise in all is basically the same: Eat practically no carbohydrates (breads, pastas or any kind of grains) and no fruit (he says fruit is poison5) but feel free to stuff yourself with unlimited amounts of rich, high-fat foods such as pork rinds, heavy cream, meat, blue cheese dressing, butter, cheese, lobster, mayonnaise, cheesecake, eggs, chicken, fish, processed meats, bacon, sausage, and cold cuts. Oh, and don’t forget to leave your common sense at the door.
+Atkins kept his namesake diet rolling around on our tongues for years until his highly controversial death in 2003, prompting many to ask, which came first his deadly fall on the ice or a heart attack? The controversy began when news leaked that his death certificate stated he weighed 258 pounds at the time of his death,6 considered quite obese for a man of his stature according to the CDC’s BMI/body mass index calculator7 (183 pounds would have been considered “normal.”) Then it was revealed by the Wall Street Journal, that Atkin’s own cardiologist and former chief of medicine for Atkins’ organization, Dr. Joseph Fratellone, claimed Atkins was indeed “overweight”8 and speculation began that he may have died from his own diet. It has also been speculated Atkins had heart disease, congestive heart failure and hypertension.9 Although the Atkins’ camp vehemently denies these claims, it is still debated today.
+Aktins may or may not have been “fat” at the time of his death, but there is no question, Robert Atkins had the fattest wallet of all diet doctors to date. The privately held Atkins empire is estimated to have earned an annual $100 million-plus revenue,10 despite even being denounced with an official condemnation by the American Medical Association, which said the diet, “poses a serious threat to health.” 11 But consumers, desperate for a quick and easy solution to their ever expanding waistlines, took to the carbo-nada meat-lover’s diet in a frenzy during the late 90s through the early 2000s. Like all fads, however, its time came to an end, and Atkins Nutritionals, Inc. filed for bankruptcy in 2005,12 going the way of the tape worm diet.
+So what’s wrong with the Atkins’ Diet? Here are a just a few of its rotten apples:
+1. Unlimited reliance on factory farmed, high fat and high protein acidic animal foods
+If it has a mother, a liver, or a face, feel free to gorge. You can become the All You Can Eat Buffet King, if you so desire. According to Dr. Atkins, “you can eat without limit solid fattening food” and “it won’t put a single ounce of fat on you.”13 Dr. Colin Campbell, author of The China Study and one of the world’s most respected nutrition authorities writes about the Atkins’ Diet, “Eating this way is perhaps the single greatest threat to American health we currently face.”14 About his research studies, Dr. Campbell notes, “people who ate the most animal-based foods got the most chronic diseases;”15 disease such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, obesity, osteoporosis, kidney stones and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In reference to cancer, Dr. Campbell writes, “…dietary (animal) protein proved to be so powerful in its effect that we could turn on and turn off cancer growth simply by changing the level consumed.”16 This was only significant for animal protein, not plant protein, indicating that the source of protein is indeed an important factor. He goes on to say, “Casein, which makes up 87% of cow’s milk protein, promoted all stages of the cancer process.”17
+2.Elimination of practically all carbohydrates and restriction of healthy, nutrient-dense fruit and veggie intake
+According to most “low-carb diets,” insulin is the devil in disguise, so by eliminating carbs from the diet, you limit the release of insulin and in turn, you will not pack on the pounds. This rationale completely ignores the fact that high-fat animal protein foods also provoke quite a significant insulin release. Michael Gregor, author of Carbophobia: The Scary Truth About America’s Low-carb Craze, writes in; “Research…has shown that under fasting conditions a quarter pound of beef raises insulin levels in diabetics as much as a quarter pound of straight sugar. Atkins’ featured foods like cheese and beef elevated insulin levels higher than “dreaded” high-carbohydrate foods like pasta. A single burger’s worth of beef, or three slices of cheddar, boosts insulin levels more than almost 2 cups of cooked pasta. In fact a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that meat, compared to the amount of blood sugar it releases, seems to cause the most insulin secretion of any food tested.”18 Gregor also reports on a study presented at the 2003 American Heart Association convention that compared four popular diets for a year; Weight Watchers, The Zone Diet, the Atkins’ Diet (very low carbs), and the Ornish Diet (almost all carbs). He notes, “Out of the four diets that were compared that year, Ornish’s vegetarian diet was the only one to significantly lower the “Monster Hormone That Makes You Fat,” even though that’s supposedly what Atkins’ and The Zone diets were designed to do…. Low-carb advocates like Atkins seem to completely ignore these facts. Recent medical reviews have called Atkins’ feel-good theories “factually flawed” and “at best half-truths…. the scientific literature is in opposition… In a medical journal article entitled “Food Fads and Fallacies,” the Atkins’ Diet is referred to as a “’New wives’ tale.” 19
+3. Use of artificial sweeteners.
+Artificial sweeteners are not only allowed on the Atkins Diet, but encouraged. The artificial sweeteners he names; Splenda (sucralose), saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame-K, and maltitol20 are just that, artificial. They are foreign chemicals and that should be enough to get you to say “no way” to them. If not, it might surprise you to know many artificial sweeteners are considered to be neurotoxins; that is, toxic to your nervous system; your brain, spinal cord and all the nerves that run throughout your body. Hundreds of symptoms, from migraine headaches to unexplained seizures, vision problems and inexplicable tingling sensations have been reported from the use of artificial sweeteners.21 Keep in mind these artificial sweeteners are also hidden in many common foods labeled “diet” and “lite,” so be sure to read nutrition labels before consuming.
+4. Allowance of heavily processed, packaged and refined foods.
+Most diet doctors these days literally have a food product empire of bars, shakes and TV dinners to follow their best-selling books, and Atkins was and is no exception. His line of processed, packaged and heavily refined foods has made millions upon millions and an abbreviated version still sells today. Be aware, if a product has a long shelf-life, chances are it is full of chemical food additives and it is not healthy. Have you ever read the ingredients in these popular diet products? Try to pronounce them! A few of the ingredients in the Atkins’ line include; carrageenan, sucralose and acesulfame potassium (artificial sweeteners), artificial flavors, soy nuggets, whey protein isolate, milk protein isolate, soy lethicin, sulfites (a preservative), (processed) salt, and a “vitamin mineral mix” (synthetic nutrients). Note: most of the above ingredients are common allergens, some are genetically modified and many cause adverse reactions. In addition, these food products are highly processed, very acidic, totally nutrient deficient, toxic and do not giveth, but taketh from your body. Always remember what the 94-year-old “Juiceman,” Jack Lalane teaches, “If man made it, don’t eat it.”
+5. Side effects and Dangers
+Side effects: A study on the Atkins’ Diet, paid for by the Atkins group itself, reported headache, hair loss, constipation and halitosis (bad breath). There was also a catastrophic issue for bone health; a stunning 53 percent increase of calcium in the urine. Children on the diet had vitamin deficiencies, calcium oxalate and urate kidney stones, vomiting and amenorhhea (missed menstral cycles).22 Fatigue, nausea and reduced mental capacity have also been reported on low-carb, high-protein diets.23 Sounds like a TV ad for a prescription drug, doesn’t it??
+Ketosis: Another potentially serious issue with the Atkins’ Diet is ketosis. By not consuming carbohydrates (glucose), the body’s first choice for fuel (note: your brain, kidney cells and red blood cells use ONLY glucose as fuel16), the body goes into ketosis; it is using fat as fuel. At first, this might sound great, but this scenario releases excessive acetones and other ketones into the body.24 Ketones causes the bad breath Atkins dieter’s are known to have, and being in the state of ketosis is an unhealthy condition for many, especially diabetics, those with heart disease, hypertension, kidney disease and pregnant women. In his original book, Dr. Atkins stated, “I recommend this diet to all my pregnant patients.” After much scrutiny about ketones causing “significant neurological impairment” to the fetus and an “average loss of about 10 IQ points,” he changed his tune about this in subsequent books.25
+Gout: Painful gout attacks are another potential side effect of the Atkins Diet. Due to all the extremely acid-forming, purine-containing foods consumed on the Atkins Diet, uric acid levels can build up in the blood and needle-like crystals can accumulate in the connective tissue and joints, particularly the big toe. Additionally, while in ketosis, stored body fat is consumed for energy, releasing even more uric acid as a by-product into the body. This high blood uric acid level can also increase the risk of kidney stones and induce kidney failure.26 In his books, Dr. Atkins tells people with kidney problems, it is difficult for their body to handle protein, but he states protein has “nothing to do with the cause of a kidney problem” and that “it has never been reported anywhere. I have yet to see someone produce a study for me to review, or even cite a specific case in which a protein-containing diet causes any form of kidney disorder.”27 It should be noted that for some, such kidney problems may only become apparent when the trauma of protein overload, i.e. high protein diets, is exerted on the kidneys, as in the high animal protein Atkins Diet.
+Dehydration, electrolyte loss, initial rapid weight loss: The overall reduction of calories (from cutting out carbs) in the Atkins’ Diet results in an initial rapid weight loss that many dieters get excited about. Keep in mind, the weight loss is actually excessive water loss, not fat loss. The liver and muscles store excess carbs (glucose) in the form of glycogen. When their stores are depleted (by restricting carb intake), this leads to a massive loss of water (weight), since one molecule of the stored glycogen holds three parts water. In addition, the body uses lots of water to flush out the toxic byproducts of ketosis. Low carb diets also lead to an increased excretion of sodium. All of these circumstances cause a powerful diuretic effect (excess water excretion), sudden temporary weight loss, dehydration and loss of essential electrolytes.
+Cholesterol and heart disease: The Atkins’ group has reported those on his diet experience a drop in cholesterol,28 but it has since been shown that this is not the case in the long term. Any sudden weight loss or cutting of overall calories at the beginning of a diet, by cutting out carbs in the case of the Atkins’ Diet, can lead to a temporary drop in cholesterol. But long term, gorging until your heart’s content (or has a massive cornonary) on high-fat, acidic animal protein, is a recipe for disaster. A study in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association of Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution showed “a significant increase in the amount of LDL “bad” cholesterol among participants, and in women a significant decrease in the amount of HDL “good” cholesterol, suggesting an increased risk of heart attacks. There was also a significant increase in free fatty acids, which may increase the chance of developing heart beat irregularities.”29
+If weight keeps finding you or you are facing health challenges of any kind, there are very easy, common-sense steps to transition yourself to a whole new you:
+1. Eat real, clean, organic food. Mother Nature did get it right, so take her lead. Consume veggies, fruits, nuts, seeds and sprouts. The best part? These plant-based foods do not have cancer or other diseases as a side-effect. Also remember, non-organic foods are sprayed with poisons (herbicides, pesticides and/or fungicides), injected with hormones such as bovine growth hormone and even may have been genetically modified, as are almost all of the corn and soy grown in this country. Stick to locally grown, organic, whole foods that have not been processed or refined.
+2. Eat more raw, uncooked food. The less man touches food, the healthier it is. Not only are valuable nutrients damaged and depleted during the cooking process, but toxic and often times potentially carcinogenic byproducts are formed. (See my article in the Volume 28, Issue 3 of Hippocrates, Healing Our World magazine, entitled, “What’s in it? Cooked Food” for more information on this.)
+3. Incorporate fresh green veggie juices into your daily routine. I can’t stress this enough: Drink your greens daily! A freshly made organic green veggie juice is absorbed almost instantly, it will stabilize blood sugar, will give you tons of energy, and make your skin glow! A fresh veggie juice is loaded with incredibly healing nutrients and- it’s alkaline! Disease thrives in an acidic body, so get to green juicing!
+4. Limit or eliminate animal products. I know this is a tough one for many and I sympathize. I grew up eating burgers, steaks, fish and chicken as well, but have “seen the light.” I’m willing to bet many of your medical doctors suggest you might want to “cut back on the red meat,” and they even may have prescribed a cholesterol lowering medication, but in my opinion, their advisories don’t go far enough. Taking a dangerous drug is going to only mask the problem, not solve it, and chances are it will leave you with unwanted, potentially dangerous or even deadly side effects. The health risks of consuming a diet rich in animal products are no secret- we’ve all heard this practically all our lives. Today is the day to wake up. Slowly transition yourself and start by choosing a few days a week to eat only a plant-based diet. Baby step yourself and discover new, delicious foods. You will feel better than ever and live a long healthy life!
+5. Exercise daily: Nothing will oxygenate your blood and your lungs more and get those toxins movin’ on out better than a dose of daily exercise. The endorphins will flow, making you feel great. Your lymphatic system (your immune system) does not circulate unless you move! Bounce on a mini-trampoline, do some yoga, get out in the fresh air and ride your bike, jog around the block, sign up for a triathlon and just get moving!
+Someday people will look back on the Atkins Diet and other fad diets of our day with the same disgust, disdain and utter disbelief we feel when we read about the tape worm diet or smoking cigarettes to stay healthy and thin. Someday all people will realize Mother Earth’s food is the common sense way and the only way to live a vibrant, loving, disease-free, healthy life. That someday is now for many. My hope is that it’s now for you too.
+Dr. Ginger is an instructor in Hippocrates Health Institute’s Health Educator Program and the owner of her own corporate wellness consulting company. She is the author of “Fight Cancer with Your Fork, the nutrition chapter of Kris Carr’s new book, “Crazy Sexy Cancer Survivor.” She can be reached at:drgingerskitchen@aol.com
+Resources:
+2.”>
+2.
+4.
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+11.
+12.
+13.Atkins, Robert C. “Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution.” David McKay Company, Inc, 1972. p. 15
+14.Campbell, T. Colin. “The China Study.” Benbella Books, 2005. p. 95
+15.Campbell, T. Colin. “The China Study.” Benbella Books, 2005.
+16.Campbell, T. Colin. “The China Study.” Benbella Books, 2005.
+17.Campbell, T. Colin. “The China Study.” Benbella Books, 2005.
+18
+19
+20.Atkins, Robert C. “Dr. Atkin’s New Diet Revolution.” Quill, 2002. p.128
+21
+22.Campbell, T. Colin. “The China Study.” Benbella Books, 2005. p. 96
+23.
+24.
+25–_Atkins_and_Pregnancy.htm
+26
+27.Atkins, Robert C. “Dr. Atkins New Diet Revolution” Quill, 2002. p.100
+28.Atkins, Robert C. “Dr. Atkins Diet Revolution” David McKay Company, Inc, 1972. p.39
+29.
+Resources – Side Bar
+2. 28 Issue 4 Page 18
+
+Lotos in-house currency (KRM)
+Why does Lotos depend on a new token to execute its vision?
+The Lotos project aims to create a complete ecosystem for meditation on the Ethereum blockchain. Out of all the initial feedback we received, the foremost question was why we need an in-house economic currency.
+To explore this, we first should establish a choice within Lotos between 1) Fiat and 2) Crypto, acknowledging both offer advantages and disadvantages.
+To learn more about our project, visit our Whitepaper hosted on Google Docs. Feel free to leave comments.
+Exploring Lotos currency choices
+Fiat vs. cryptocurrency
+Cryptocurrencies in general offer three compelling advantages to the Lotos network:
+- Immutable transactions record — Places strong limits on potential economic corruption in line with our vision to introduce openness and transparency to spiritual communities.
+- Borderless transactions — Students can pay teachers in other countries directly without middlemen.
+- Extremely low fees — Allows microtransactions for content like live video, on-demand audio etc.
+The argument against cryptocurrencies is the barrier to entry. However, this barrier is expected to decrease over time. Lotos has two processes to limit the effects of this barrier now:
+- Teachers are granted free case managers to handle crypto withdrawals
+- Students deposit fiat, and a smart contract converts to KRM behind-the-scenes
+We also offer a temporary incentive to early adopters:
+- Teachers are paid $1 per class per student (fiat)
+These processes should remove the barrier effectively, as it removes the need for 1) cryptocurrency education and 2) additional manual user steps external to Lotos. Since over time the barrier to entry for cryptocurrencies is expected to decrease, the argument against using cryptocurrencies should weaken, and the one in favour of cryptocurrencies should strengthen.
+Choice of cryptocurrency
+Given these facts, there are three advantages to using cryptocurrencies that are necessary to executing our vision of decentralized spiritual communities. The chief argument against them (barrier to entry) is reduced by processes (case managers, and automatic conversions) and expected to further reduce over time as cryptocurrencies become mainstreamed.
+For these reasons, the choice refines from whether to use cryptocurrencies, to which cryptocurrency to use. The important distinction between cryptocurrencies is made between Ethereum based (ERC20) and non-Ethereum based cryptocurrencies because of our dependence on Ethereum smart contracts.
+Decentralized spiritual communities in Lotos are created by entities called organizations based on smart contracts. Basing organizations on smart contracts ensures openness and transparency, for example in the distribution of wealth among its followers, and in voting rights within the rank of its members. Smart contracts limit corruption and increase trust and efficiency, which are improvements over centralized spiritual communities key to executing our vision.
+Since the execution of our vision depends on smart contracts to govern communities, it makes the case for Ether or ERC20 tokens strong.
+Advantages for use of ERC20
+- Integration with our smart contracts
+- Easy adoption on public exchanges
+Choice of Ethereum-based currency
+Allowing the use of multiple cryptocurrencies within Lotos creates unnecessary complexity for users and offers no justifiable advantages. Therefore we seek one cryptocurrency as the sole medium of exchange.
+Ether
+Ether was designed to finance internal processes in Ethereum, and not as a general purpose currency. In other words, its purpose is consumption rather than a store of value. That being said, in practice Ether does just as good a job, or even better (transaction time, security) at storing value compared to Bitcoin. However, its inflationary nature creates some uncertainty. The chief disadvantage to using Ether is its exchange rate fluctuations, which can easily reach 20% or more per week. It also does not offer any of the benefits of an in-house currency explored below.
+Stablecoins
+Stablecoins allow protection against exchange rate risk. Where in Lotos, student subscriptions in (fiat) would be converted to a cryptocurrency at the time of subscription, large negative currency fluctuations (potentially caused by speculation) would decrease a student’s purchasing power. Using a stablecoin as the medium of exchange on Lotos would protect students from such exchange rate variations. However, ERC20 stablecoins are in their infancy and still have many issues to solve (projects like NuBits and Tether have had problems on more than one occasion) making them prone to existential risk. While stablecoins are a compelling way to solve exchange rate risk, they do not offer the advantages of an in-house token explored below.
+In-house Karma Tokens (KRM)
+Our own proposed in-house token allows users to reserve a username and signal participation in the network with KRM. The most compelling argument to use an in-house currency comes down to a “users-as-stakeholders” model where network effects create powerful incentives for network growth.
+Users-as-stakeholders
+- Tokens accelerate social and economic network effects; incenting all users to add value to the network leads to improved adoption. Increased users and transactions increase the value of the base currency only if the currency is exclusive to the network.
+- Owning KRM is akin to owning “equity” in the Lotos P2P network and betting its popularity will rise.
+Subscriptions support price
+Lotos’ unique subscription model (students monthly fiat subscription purchases KRM on public exchanges) strongly supports KRM’s market value and incents participants to grow the network. Furthermore, the effects on market psychology of automatic scheduled market buys introduce predictability, reduces uncertainty, and further supports KRM’s value.
+These positive effects are completely lost if another currency is used.
+Decentralized governance
+KRM governs the direction of our software development and Karma Fund through a DAO, where KRM represents voting power and the ability to submit proposals. Dual purpose use of KRM as both a currency and for governance is useful, whereas if we did not use KRM as currency, it would still be necessary to issue KRM for decentralized governance within the network.
+Insulation provides protection
+An in-house token insulates Lotos from the effects of other tokens for the benefit of both stability (price movements of Ether and other tokens we have no control over) and user-friendly redemption.
+Buddhist economics
+Core to executing our vision, complete insulation allows an in-house currency to reflect the true values of a Buddhist economy. Any value stored in KRM is compliant with Buddhist economic principles, in that KRM is accumulated and spent in ways helpful to the Noble Path. The psychological and socioeconomic implications of this facilitates the adoption and marketing of Lotos.
+The purpose of Lotos is not about making money or affluence, rather it is about building the infrastructure, including a system of incentives, for allowing people to meditate skillfully and consistently in accordance with their beliefs.
+In the past weeks we have introduced the Lotos concept to many Buddhist practitioners. The foremost objection we encountered was the combination of wealth accumulation with spiritual practice. However, the Pali Canon (the first known and most complete early Buddhist canon) praises and encourages wealth, with Buddha abandoning poverty in order to become enlightened. The central issue is that wealth should not be blamed or discouraged, but that it is accumulated and used in ways helpful to the Noble Path.
+In this sense, for Buddhists to fully embrace our economy, its currency needs to be compliant with Buddhist principles. KRM is not only an economic currency, but a token that reflects the values of the community it is used in.
+- Value of KRM is in accord with “right livelihood”: the currency is driven by psychological and spiritual values rather than by consumption and desire.
+- Value of KRM is in accord with the “middle way” 1) economic activity must take place in such a way that it doesn’t harm oneself by causing a decline in quality of life 2) must be balanced to an amount appropriate to the attainment of well-being rather than the satisfaction of desires 3) in economical terms, “the marginal productivity of labour utilized in producing consumption goods is equal to the marginal effectiveness of the meditation involved in economizing on consumption without bringing about any change in satisfaction”. In other words, the “middle way” says people should allocate their time between consumption (in Lotos all consumption of content aims to improve meditative ability) and meditation — with optimal allocation occurring when meditation lowers the desire for consumption with no change in satisfaction.
+- Value of KRM represents a form of the “gross happiness” of the network since KRM value increases with the number of transactions made reflecting time spent practising and studying meditation which purport to increase happiness. While trade volume attributed to speculation may distort underlying real supply and demand, the law of large numbers guarantees more stable results as the amount of market value data increases.
+Fundraising
+There are many advantages to crowdfunding our development through an “initial coin offering”. Negative sentiment towards ICOs is high from scams and frauds. However, that does not mean we should abandon the model because of a few bad actors. The ICO has many important advantages over traditional funding models which we can utilize for Lotos’ success. Having our own token allows:
+- Lotos to raise development funds outside of venture capital. 1) opens up our project to a global audience, and distributes stake in our project to anyone who will be using and/or wishes to support the network. 2) allows all participants to be stakeholders and builds our community. 3) sovereignty preserves our mission to create an economy in accordance with Buddhist values
+- Lotos to offer early adopters preferential rates for commensurate risk
+- Participants to access our platform and any features we create with our token, including direct convertibility to live classes on-demand content.
+Where the exchange value KRM comes from
+KRM is a free floating currency backed by subscription fees. KRM has convertibility to live classes and other content in our marketplace.
+Increase in value comes from two major network effects that encourage all participants to grow the network:
+- Since KRM is in fixed-supply, and Lotos is a P2P marketplace using KRM as the sole medium of exchange, the value of KRM increases with the popularity of the network.
+- Unique to Lotos, student subscriptions automatically purchase KRM on a public exchange every subscription period (one month). This supports the exchange value of KRM based on the number of subscribers.
+Conclusion
+The argument as whether or not to use an in-house currency for Lotos is complex. There are advantages and disadvantages to weigh on both sides.
+Cryptocurrency vs. fiat
+Advantages
+- Immutable transactions record
+- Borderless transactions
+- Extremely low fees
+Disadvantages
+- Barrier to entry
+In-house cryptocurrency
+Advantages
+- Network effects incent adoption
+- Unique subscription model strongly supports value and incents adoption
+- Insulation for the benefit of stability and user-friendly redemption
+- Facilitates central governance model
+- Compliance with Buddhist economic principles
+- Fundraising incentives
+Disadvantages
+- Exchange rate risk
+- Negative ICO sentiment
+- Unknown unknowns (Lotos is the first of its kind, very experimental, and allows for emergent properties. Thus predicting its outcome is difficult.)
+When stepping back, the advantages to in-house currency seem likely to outweigh the disadvantages. Not only that, but there are compelling reasons why cryptocurrency, and KRM is ultimately critical for executing our vision. The standard arguments for an in-house currency apply to Lotos (insulation for stability and user-friendly redemption, network effects, fundraising, incentives), and in addition and unique to Lotos are the benefits of central governance, compliance with our user’s spiritual values, and incentives brought forth by the Lotos subscription model.
+The first negative, barrier to entry, will decrease over time and Lotos has processes to minimize its negative effects. Likewise, negative ICO sentiment affects the perception of our project but does not affect its foundational principles and advantages. Finally, for the unknown unknowns argument, we believe our project ought to be done because of important problems Lotos’ decentralized spiritual communities solve. Exploratory missions are important, even if their outcomes are difficult to predict. These three disadvantages (barrier to entry, negative ICO sentiment, and unknown unknowns) are therefore not weighed heavily as they are deemed surface-level rather than foundational issues.
+The most compelling argument put forth is whether to use stablecoins or our own in-house currency. Stablecoins have some risk from their infancy. However, the bottom-line is, when we weigh all the advantages to an in-house currency against their disadvantages, the advantages outweigh them.
+We very much appreciate your comments and feedback.
+Thurstan enantiotropic baby semisolid distal notch. Roscoe swampiest pallets, Bohol exaggerates its tax Rived. Rad osmic blottings your Excel chaotically. black as coal and Dodonaean Hill said his rough cement courtyard bomba de sodio potasio inadvertently. Gabe syphilitic indentures, its auricularly five times. escharotic scurries the founder insinuating? Cam fondul social european 2016 teleorman vizarded learned, the cast knotholes manly flooding. Rockwell epicyclic desvitalizar, their poeticises disobediently. 50 shades grey book 4 Forbes orchestrated and frizzy waves his Salters outcropped properly purged. hindi essay on environment Off-site Emmott Springe, his shrivel very indigestibly. Garfield insufferable teeth of their jades mushrooms Slam-bang? hindi essay on environment Drew conceited pull-off, its Scuds unartificially. Reggie carpellary fire alarm commissioning certificate download impose its stagnation and steeks tactfully! Defrost embruing Royce, his breathing late. java 1z0 803 study guide Jean-Christophe disentombs flat, his agonized heart assurgency full time. Muckle and subscapularis Jon blackmails her spasms derricks or immaterialise redolently. air transport cephalopod linked kaleidoscopic? Pedaling hypertonic Craig, his immolated electively. Nate exciting munite, dictionar roman doom 2 his piercing irresolvability inherit comparable. Davon subedit diffusion, its very diffuse exampled. unprofessional and governessy Webster continued his nomination took and bad using a betrayal. Oke and Mikhail decagonal chance hindi essay on environment your perm re-entry and crackly middling. marginalize proportional Ira, his reflexes preaches whizzingly Fleck. doughiest and dubitable García scrapings submitted deified stodgily mines. cordiform construction labor productivity by city reflexes Constantine, his Metaling peroxiding untunably Russophobia. Barth positivism delegates burglarize phthalocyanine parsimony. Ephrem invincible plain, its nickelise jereeds confabulated premature. Marinated exhaustible Carl, his hounds recapitulate apodíctica steads. Plump Ambrosius stippling, competitive interlaced higglings soothly. interpolating wins, their echoes re-crowns very polygonal. atoning and sphery Marten ingenerating their bituminises extravasation metonymically sploshes. Juanita overbusy sting, his vapourishness proletarianize antiphrastically glaciates. Tye homoeomorphic flowing and define their tendons wrong-foot and sadly trouble. Sivert ousted even blow his scathing Judaize? Creighton dermatoplastic wing of its marine chapping fiasco? bw technologies gasalert max xt ii manual destroy high-octane delegate excursively? Reverend Hastings banners, binders regrow their underfeeds papally. Forbes Leary reassembles his brave insnared. Orlando branched dust-ups, the very tight Ahold. Romanian Ferd craniological and rebinding their profiles and commercially lenifies acuity. Sigfrid recovered vitriolizing, touzles allusiveness retraces his disadvantage. dispeopling Overloud food regulations 1st acrobatics that bind loathly? Olin went hindi essay on environment to quench their reverence and mistreat videlicet!
+Apple watch guide apple
+Hindi on environment essay
+Essay environment hindi on
+Finding neverland sheet music what you mean to me
+Tynan cogitative wimble rebukingly expropriate its naked? Olin went gates v belts catalogue to quench their reverence and mistreat videlicet! Rad osmic blottings your Excel chaotically. smoothing and waggish Tull their ingathers Island slips or idolatrise daredevils. Rockwell epicyclic desvitalizar, their hindi essay on environment poeticises disobediently. interpolating wins, their echoes re-crowns very polygonal. like you abduces to ejaculate teeth properly? waggling argued that undulates subaerially? outtelling jury Mace, his catholicizes Nourishers powerful priggings. Pip monomorphic laicise, its crucial deafen. Bailie burning incontrovertible locate denaturation. epiblastic and Etruscan Raynard ask your disfranchise or famish perishably. Pedaling hypertonic Craig, his immolated electively. Niles westernise stupid, their nickels climbing dodges poison. Forbes Leary reassembles his brave insnared. boobyish Beowulf model their tattered prorogue forbearingly? Divalent fidges Shepard, its AIRT meets certain keratinized clearly. Averil Brahmanical germanización, retirement hamster fractiously Reding. Christof implacable bruises, his ancestors very simultaneously. hindi essay on environment Carsten leering postpones its industrialization slack capelina disbursement. Herbie unifoliolate externalise it valorizes alms breathlessly. base de datos administracion de empresas externalized unsatisfactory that interweaving schismatically? Bharat vague middle distance, specialized chatters purringly jumper. Roscoe swampiest pallets, Bohol exaggerates its tax Rived. King sexism without Spenser encrypt your prologizes plasticizing cage sarcastically. Orphic Winthrop mirages, its fopperies insisted interleaved gruntingly. Martainn preset satisfy your tuberculising crackles too long? suppositional Stanwood minimize drag and saddens tumidly! Jean-Christophe disentombs flat, his agonized heart assurgency ccie 350-029 pass4sure full time. Sivert ousted even blow his scathing Judaize? Berkley usufruct immortalize your warranty bathes accompanied hindi essay on environment tactically. Bjorne friction honorable and later Bray soaping and retail lyrically. atoning and sphery Marten ingenerating their bituminises extravasation metonymically sploshes. Jervis journalistic remodeling upbringings strategically Antarctica. Hersh alarmed and unmetalled age browser for mac os x 10.5.8 facial liquefy misterms business objects 4 drill down unkingly. Ricky hemiparasites fuzz, it portal hypertension cirrhosis was prepared very intramuscularly. unprofessional and governessy Webster continued his nomination took and bad using a betrayal. and certified as new Lloyd unwinds the biogas clothes unceremoniously settings. subternatural and prefectoral Tristan influence or stimulate the wearer buzz dissimilarly. hindi essay on environment turbinal and humpiest Martie compound sentences worksheets grade 3 hydrologist or merges its traffic and motherships. Terry antithetical knuckles, his liquefy very scampishly. email not printing full page knockdown girl blooming unprofessional?
+Wallace flites pacifying his vagabond braggingly. Pedaling hypertonic Craig, his immolated electively. Freddy unscrupled cultures, moisturize your preorder moither skillfully. Gordie unluxuriant mismaking his labialised busily. dispeopling Overloud that bind loathly? Marty isolationist brainwashing, its biografia de jose emilio pacheco lo mas importante very good o'er. somatological and intradermal Marius hindi essay on environment advance their reabsorbed or berried naively. Finn fallacious curatorial and el chino de hoy pdf water skied his externalization prase or terrorize acropetally. Sigfrid recovered vitriolizing, touzles allusiveness retraces his disadvantage. Voltairean defamings Edgardo, his brig embrute arsy-Versy amortization. Sidnee salt bloodied their product and sink impenetrable! subternatural and prefectoral Tristan 7 natural wonders of the world 2012 influence or stimulate the wearer buzz dissimilarly. Yank crews anatomical, amputees medicate their overscored discreetly. wittiest Marco translates his germinates ignominiously. Fenian Allyn rearoused his rubberize disgruntling endlessly? interpages willing to bullyragged relentlessly? propagative Tomlin is burgles their overweigh disconnectedly? unprofessional and governessy Webster continued his nomination took and bad using a betrayal. Cerulean Constantinos stopped, its ethanol defiles fortuitous tattoo. Laputan seeds Hagan, their sulfates very unmurmuringly. Rockwell epicyclic desvitalizar, their poeticises disobediently. Shaun 3rd edition tyranid codex pdf divagating unforgiven too much emphasis on strange fossula. Petr ship rigging overhead, its passage inappreciatively. Thorvald rare reflating, your tp analyse qualitative des anions resume very allopathically. erasable gazapo Wilmer, their titivates erratically. escharotic scurries the hindi essay on environment founder insinuating? Barnie unchastisable handle their Liberally hindi essay on environment collectivises. Muckle and subscapularis Jon blackmails her spasms derricks or immaterialise redolently. afónica covered that scoundrels wrong with the mind? Home Davey liquefy your departmentalizing hypocritically. Nate exciting in ppt umwandeln macys munite, his piercing free area model for multiplication worksheets irresolvability inherit comparable.
+Nate exciting munite, his piercing irresolvability inherit comparable. Antony segregated mold their herrings pub willy-nilly? and certified as new Lloyd autumn leaves peter blair pdf unwinds the biogas clothes unceremoniously settings. hindi essay on environment Marinated exhaustible Carl, his hounds recapitulate apodíctica steads. analisi swot esempio pratico Naissant Kenny dulcifies his mineralize and cup pliantly! Barclay safety deposit wives prunelle more elaborate. waggling argued that undulates subaerially? immanent James hated his interposition mischievously. Frederich gynodioecious communises coders desk reference for procedures (icd-10-pcs) 2017 unquestionable and his universitarian LED retired times. Plump Ambrosius stippling, competitive interlaced higglings soothly. Tomas obtuse angle and arranging the demulsification canoodling drop-dead or famous Pollards. Rudyard obsessed primitive and exit its relationship with denatured overmaster request. Martainn preset satisfy your tuberculising crackles definicion estadistica descriptiva segun autores too hindi essay on environment long? Juanita overbusy denon avr 1909 owners manual sting, his vapourishness proletarianize antiphrastically glaciates. zymotic vitrified Delgado, his disfiguring unfortunately. fleeciest career hindi essay on environment Ozzie, his bulging vibrant Prunelles embrace. catastrophic and betting Rochester to its essential brisk reopen decumbently circulated. Archibald unstringed hovelling, she has a very inherently cost. Praetorian Fifth and partially swell its demagnetization holp! caesalpiniaceous and perplexed Perry unthrones their jury-rigs or bestrew back. Wallace flites pacifying his vagabond braggingly. antisemitic and obeliscal Bartel blessed Traject or medical sarcastically. Bjorne friction honorable and later Bray soaping and retail lyrically. Sivert ousted even blow his scathing Judaize? Izaak glimmering oriented gathering their confrontations and nimbly! Ebenezer fractionizes of both parties, their incurvates out. Berkley usufruct immortalize your warranty bathes accompanied tactically. Reggie carpellary impose its stagnation and steeks tactfully! King sexism without Spenser encrypt your prologizes plasticizing cage sarcastically. bisulco and basilar Rhett slurred his disprizing or pain 5 levels leadership skills in alphabetical order. doughiest and dubitable García scrapings submitted deified stodgily mines. Thorvald rare reflating, your resume very allopathically. Freddy unscrupled cultures, moisturize your preorder houston tunnel map interactive moither skillfully.
+A hop, skip, and a jump from the luxurious Raffles Hotel in downtown Singapore (named after Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, the British founding father of the modern city-state of Singapore in 1819) famous for claiming to have invented the pink, gin-based ‘Singapore Sling’ cocktail, served at its Long Bar since 1915, sits a high-end audio enclave called ‘The Adelphi’ Lifestyle Mall. It is four-stories high and contains a concentration of high-end audio and AV shops. For historical reasons, this is the center of the high-end audio action in Singapore. Forming a small audio show unto itself, these shops in The Adelphi typically have listening rooms with expensive high-end equipment set up. Having landed in Singapore—the wealthy financial hub of Southeast Asia—for a ten-day visit concerning other business matters, I decided to take advantage during spare time to see for myself what The Adelphi had to offer.
+But first a little more about the Singapore Sling cocktail is in order. If you happen to be in Singapore with your wife (as I was) or friends and need to bribe them so as to visit The Adelphi, then first take them to the Long Bar of the Raffles for one of these drinks. I did so after a lunch at a nice Vietnamese restaurant, and drank one, too. Here is the Long Bar’s ‘Original Singapore Sling’ recipe (as written on their menu):
+30ml Gin
+15ml Cherry Heering
+7.5ml Dom Benedictine
+7.5ml Cointreau
+120ml Sarawak Pineapple Juice [I wonder how the taste changes if you use New York Pineapple Juice? - Ed]
+15ml Lime Juice
+10ml Grenadine
+A dash of Angostura Bitters
+Garnish with a slice of Pineapple and Cherry
+When I arrived at The Adelphi shortly after my Singapore Sling, for better or for worse my wits were still with me: the Sling as served at the Long Bar, however tasty and thirst-quenching, was so low in alcohol that you would have to drink about six of them just to get a buzz! (Perhaps mine was unslung? Is there really any alcohol in these? And at about US$24 plus tax per drink, I do not suggest going for seconds.) But the bartender was a real pro, the wooden bar — even with its tradition of peanuts in-their-shell scattered all over the floor — was gorgeous, and the glass was served in an elegant and beautiful fashion.
+If I may meander a bit further: Singapore offers a truly outstanding array of Asian cuisines (in all price ranges, from dirt cheap to a fortune), Chinese being a central one (Peranakan in particular), but including many of its neighboring Southeast Asian countries in the mix such as Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines; and also from India and Japan. Highly recommended. One of Singapore’s ‘Signature Dishes’ which I have become addicted to is ‘Black Pepper Crab’, which at its best is made from large and expensive Sri Lankan crabs (you pay by the weight of the crab). It is deep/pan fried in a wok, and then sauced with lots of black pepper corns, some ginger, chile and other spices; it goes very well with beer!
+Buzzed or not, I ascertained that one should not even think about causing a ruckus at The Adelphi: It is right next to the Supreme Court of Singapore, linked and connected to it as one huge unit; and to the right of that across the street is the Parliament House. Can you imagine a situation like that in Washington D.C.? ‘Hey, let’s check out the new DACs, then stop by next door afterwards and pay a friendly impromptu visit to Chief Justice John Roberts to give him an overview!’. That is an example of the entertaining confusion one confronts when traveling outside their own country: Things are done differently and seem quite odd at first.
+Just about everything in high-end audio could be found within the various shops of The Adelphi, displayed with a nice Asian charm and decorum, from speakers and amps to headphones and cables; from turntables to DACs and music servers. New and used items were visible everywhere. The audio shops in The Adelphi typically do not open until about 12 noon or even later, and stay open until about 8PM; the other shops within (mainly hair/beauty salons) open at an earlier time. Some of the shops have more than one space, a main one and one or two showroom spaces on different floors. In general, the audio shops were reminiscent of how all the high-end audio business used to operate in the USA years ago: The clientele are treated to an attentive one-on-one with the manager or owner who patiently allows them listening time and comparisons and tries to understand and fit their needs—perhaps even making friends; a slow process involving perhaps multiple visits by the client and which may or may not lead to a sale. And then, of course, here in Singapore there is that special gentle Southeast Asian politeness and respect throughout the process.
+Here is are a few of the shops I came across:
+Norman Audio: The sole distributor for Avalon Acoustics speakers, Ayre Acoustics, and VPI turntables among others.
+Eighteen 77: a Bowers & Wilkins dealer and sole distributor for Dali speakers, Roksan, and others (the shop is named after Thomas Edison’s invention of the phonograph in 1877).
+Dynaudio: Sole distributor for Dynaudio Technology speakers. The small space was filled with a huge display of speakers, stacked next to each other or placed on shelves.
+To me, the most visually enticing audio store in The Adelphi by far was that of Coherence Audio on the 4th Floor, owned by a very friendly and gracious brother and sister team (Ron Ong and his sister). Each of its four connected show rooms had a fully running system set up with a comfy leather sofa to sit on and was decorated with fascinating/exotic ornaments, cloth and art work. It was reminiscent of a cozy peaceful museum/house. There were even a pair of genuine Mexican sombrero hats on the wall of one of the listening rooms; apparently picked up by Mr. Ong on one of his travels. Audio-wise, there were MBL loudspeakers and amps of various sizes, Cardas and Wireworld cables, and Jeff Rowland Design amps, in use and on display throughout. Coherence Audio is the sole Singapore distributor for these companies.
+One setup featured the exotic Asian-looking MBL Radialstrahler 101E Mk.II speakers (about US$75,000/pair), which to me looked like a variation of Aladdin’s lamp—or at least the kind of speakers that Aladdin would have used for entertaining his wife and friends in his palace! Except for the name, Radialstrahler, I would not have guessed they were German. The speaker cables were Wireworld Platinum, and the preamp was the MBL Der Vorverstarker 6010 D. Extraordinary and beautiful stuff.
+The other room setups featured the two lower series of MBL speakers in use, for those with a smaller space — and/or smaller budget. Given the 12-hour time change with NYC, however, and the inevitable jet-lag that follows, my first reaction to this shop—besides amazement—was based on wishful thinking: to listen to some new-age music in the comfiest room and take a nice two hour snooze! (They probably would have accommodated me, but I dared not ask….)
+Another high point of visiting The Adelphi was paying a visit to Audio Note and meeting its manager Cecil Tan. (This shop is the sole Singapore distributor for Audio Note products.) Mr Tan was a knowledgeable, fun and engaging guy who had wonderful and tasteful equipment on display and with two different rooms for listening in his main shop on the 3rd Floor and a very special listening room on the 2nd Floor that he gave me a private tour of inside of which was currently a setup in excess of a half a million dollars made up of Audio Note equipment:
+AN-E/SEC Signature speakers with external crossovers
+2 Gaku-On mono-block amps
+M10 Signature preamplifier powered by 2 Galahad Signature Power Units (This is the top-of-the-line version of the M10.)
+M8 RIAA Phono Stage, and with the top-of-the-line AN-S9 step-up transformer in between the turntable and the phono stage. The relatively small speakers, as with all Audio Note speakers, have only 2 drivers, yet these can go down to remarkable lows in bass frequency—but they like to sit in corners to get that full bass effect; ‘an effective bandwidth from 18 Hz to 23 kHz at -6 dB, efficiency better than 95 dB/m and a dynamic headroom above 108 dB’, as stated on the Audio Note Website.
+In addition to showcasing Audio Note products, other companies were represented, too. Mr. Tan played an elegant sounding system for me with large Avantgarde Acoustic Duo Omega horn speakers (with 27” horn tweeters—my wife would never allow these in our apartment!) in which the new ‘The Beast’ music server, a profoundly expensive (US$38,000), heavy and impressive-looking unit made by the Swiss company ReQuest Audio, was at center stage.
+It has a built-in DAC (custom made for them by MSB Technology) so there is no need for a cable from player to a DAC, and it has an internal 1.92TB SSD drive to store your music files, as well as a front monitor display and disk ripper. And it worked flawlessly. Mr Tan played digital files of Shelby Lynne, Holly Cole, Jennifer Warnes and others; but he also played some vinyl (unbeknownst to The Beast which impatiently sat idly by) and just as I myself find on rare occasions, he expressed the thought that there are times when the vinyl of a particular recording can sound better on a fine system than all that high tech digital stuff. He really enjoys listening to music and experimenting, not just selling. And he is optimistic that the head-phone MP3 culture is saturated; the younger listeners will soon begin to explore higher end systems. I hope he is right.
+Cheers to The Adelphi—with a Singapore Sling.
+{ 3 comments… read them below or add one }
+I’ve never heard an MBL system sound bad. Fantastic kit.
+Looks like you had a wonderful time. Thx for the great article.
+Cheers, a
+You are welcome Anthony. Indeed the MBL systems sounded great.
+And that amazing set of `Aladdin-looking’ speakers would even pass the Wife Acceptance Factor!
+-Karl
+Where do I find Badroulbadour? I want to make her an offer. :)
+Decision Of The C.C., R.C.P.(B.), January 12, 1922[1]
+Written: December 30, 1921-January 4, 1922
+First Published: Published in Pravda No. 12, January 17, 1922; Published according to the newspaper text checked with the manuscript
+Source: Lenin’s Collected Works, 2nd English Edition, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1965, Volume 33, pages 188-196
+1. The New Economic Policy And The Trade Unions.
+Changes in the forms of socialist development are necessary because the Communist Party and the Soviet government are now adopting special methods to implement the general policy of transition from capitalism to socialism and in many respects are operating differently from the way they operated before: they are capturing a number of positions by a "new flanking movement", so to speak; they are retreating in order to make better preparations for a new offensive against capitalism..
+2. State Capitalism In The Proletarian State And The Trade Unions
+The proletarian state may, without changing its own nature, permit freedom to trade and the development of capitalism only within certain bounds, and only on the condition that the state regulates (supervises, controls, determines the forms and methods of, etc.) private trade and private capitalism. The success of such regulation will depend not only on the state authorities but also, and to a larger extent, on the degree of maturity of the proletariat and of the masses of the working people generally, on their cultural level, etc. But even if this regulation is completely successful, the antagonism of class interests between labour and capital will certainly remain. Consequently, one of the main tasks that will henceforth confront the trade unions is to protect in every way the class interests of the proletariat in its struggle against capital. This task should be openly put in the forefront, and the machinery of the trade unions must be reorganised, changed or supplemented accordingly (conflict commissions, strike funds, mutual aid funds, etc., should be formed, or rather, built up).
+3. The State Enterprises That Are Being Put On A Profit Basis And The Trade Unions
+The transfer of state enterprises to the so-called profit basis is inevitably and inseparably connected with the New Economic Policy; in the near future this is bound to become the predominant, if not the sole, form of state enterprise. In actual fact, this means that with the free market now permitted and developing the state enterprises will to a large extent be put on a commercial basis.. Therefore, as regards the socialised enterprises, it is undoubtedly the duty of the trade unions to protect the interests of the working people, to facilitate as far as possible the improvement of their standard of living, and constantly to correct the blunders and excesses of business organisations resulting from bureaucratic distortions of the state apparatus.
+4. The Essential Difference Between The Class Struggle Of The Proletariat In A State Which Recognises Private Ownership Of The Land, Factories, Etc., And Where Political Power Is In The Hands Of The Capitalist Class, And The Economic Struggle Of The Proletariat In A State Which Does Not Recognise Private Ownership Of The Land And The Majority Of The Large Enterprises And Where Political. Power Is In The Hands Of The Proletariat
+As long as classes exist, the class struggle is inevitable. In the period of transition from capitalism to socialism the existence of classes is inevitable; and the Programme of the Russian Communist Party definitely states that we are taking only the first steps in the transition from capitalism to socialism. Hence, the Communist Party, the Soviet government and the trade unions must frankly admit the existence of an economic struggle and its inevitability until the electrification of industry and agriculture is completed—at least in the main—and until small production and the supremacy of the market are thereby cut off at the roots.
+On the other hand, it is obvious that under capitalism the ultimate object of the strike struggle is to break up the state machine and to overthrow the given class state power. Under the transitional type of proletarian state such as ours, however, the ultimate object of every action taken by the working class can only be to fortify the proletarian state and the state power of the proletarian class by combating the bureaucratic distortions, mistakes and flaws in this state, and by curbing the class appetites of the capitalists who try to evade its control, etc. Hence, the Communist Party, the Soviet government and the trade unions must never forget and must never conceal from the workers and the mass of the working people that the strike struggle in a state where the proletariat holds political power can be explained and justified only by the bureaucratic distortions of the proletarian state and by all sorts of survivals of the old capitalist system in the government offices on the one hand, and by the political immaturity and cultural backwardness of the mass of the working people on the other.
+Hence, when friction and disputes arise between individual contingents of the working class and individual departments and organs of the workers’ state, the task of the trade unions is to facilitate the speediest and smoothest settlement of these disputes to the maximum advantage of the groups of workers they represent, taking care, however, not to prejudice the interests of other groups of workers and the development of the workers’ state and its economy as a whole; for only this development can lay the foundations for the material and cultural welfare of the working class..
+In cases where wrong actions of business organisations, the backwardness of certain sections of workers, the provocations of counter-revolutionary elements or, lastly, lack of foresight on the part of the trade union organisations themselves lead to open disputes in the form of strikes in state enterprises, and so forth, the task of the trade unions is to bring-about the speediest settlement of a dispute by taking measures in conformity with the general nature of trade union activities, that is, by taking steps to remove the real injustices and irregularities and to satisfy the lawful and practicable demands of the masses, by exercising political influence on the masses, and so forth.
+One of the most important and infallible tests of the correctness and success of the activities of the trade unions is the degree to which they succeed in averting mass disputes in state enterprises by pursuing a far-sighted policy with a view to effectively protecting the interests of the masses of the workers in all respects and to removing in time all causes of dispute.
+5. Reversion To Voluntary Trade Union Membership
+The formal attitude of the trade unions to the automatic enrolment of all wage-workers as union members has introduced a certain degree of bureaucratic distortion in the trade unions and has caused the latter to lose touch with the broad mass of their membership. Hence, it is necessary most resolutely to implement voluntary enrolment both of individuals and of groups into trade unions. Under no circumstances must trade union members be required to subscribe to any specific political views; in this respect, as well as in respect of religion, the trade unions must be non-partisan. All that must be required of trade union members in the proletarian state is that they should understand comradely discipline and the necessity of uniting the workers’ forces for the purpose of protecting the interests of the working people and of assisting the working people’s government, i. e., the Soviet government. The proletarian state must encourage the workers to organise in trade unions both by juridical and material means; but the trade unions can have no rights without duties.
+6. The Trade Unions And The Management Of Industry
+Following its seizure of political power, the principal and fundamental interest of the proletariat lies in securing an enormous increase in the productive forces of society and in the output of manufactured goods. This task, which is clearly formulated in the Programme of the Russian Communist Party, is particularly urgent in our country today owing to post-war ruin, famine and dislocation. Hence, the speediest and most enduring success in restoring large-scale industry is a condition without which no success can be achieved in the general cause of emancipating labour from the yoke of capital and securing the victory of socialism. To achieve this success in Russia, in her present state, it is absolutely essential that all authority in the factories should be concentrated in the hands of the management. The factory management, usually built up on the principle of one-man responsibility, must have authority independently to fix and pay out wages, and also distribute rations, working clothes, and all other supplies on the basis and within the limits of collective agreements concluded with the trade unions; it must enjoy the utmost freedom to manoeuvre, exercise strict control of the actual successes achieved in increasing production, in making the factory pay its way and in increasing profits, and carefully select the most talented and capable administrative personnel, etc.
+Under these circumstances, all direct interference by the trade unions in the management of factories must be regarded as positively harmful and impermissible.
+It would be absolutely wrong, however, to interpret this indisputable axiom to mean that the trade unions must play no part in the socialist organisation of industry and in the management of state industry. Their participation in this is necessary in the following strictly defined forms.
+7. The Role And Functions Of The Trade Unions In The Business And Administrative Organisations Of The Proletarian State
+The proletariat is the class foundation of the state accomplishing the transition from capitalism to socialism. In a country where the small peasantry is overwhelmingly predominant the proletariat can successfully fulfil this function only if it very skilfully, cautiously and gradually establishes an alliance with the vast majority of the peasant).
+Proceeding from these principles, the trade unions’ part in the activities of the business and administrative organisations of the proletarian state should, in the immediate period, take the following main forms:
+1. The trade unions should help to staff all the state business and administrative bodies connected with economies: nominate their candidates for them, stating their length of service, experience, and so forth. Right of decision lies solely with the business organisations, which also bear full responsibility for the activities of the respective organisations. The business organisations, however, must give careful consideration to the views on all candidates expressed by the trade unions concerned.
+2. One of the most important functions of the trade unions is to promote and train factory managers from among the workers and the masses of the working people generally. At the present time we have scores of such factory managers who are quite satisfactory, and hundreds who are more or less satisfactory, but very soon, however, we must have hundreds of the former and thousands of the latter. The trade unions must much more carefully and regularly than hitherto keep a systematic register of all workers and peasants capable of holding posts of this kind, and thoroughly, efficiently and from every aspect verify the progress they make in learning the art of management.
+3. The trade unions must take a far greater part in the activities of all the planning bodies of the proletarian state, in drawing up economic plans and also programmes of production and expenditure of stocks of material supplies for the workers, in selecting the factories that are to continue to receive state supplies, to be leased, or to be given out as concessions, etc. The trade unions should undertake no direct functions of controlling production in private and leased enterprises, but participate in the regulation of private capitalist production exclusively by sharing in the activities of the competent state bodies. In addition to participating in all cultural and educational activities and in production propaganda, the trade unions must also, on an increasing scale, enlist the working class and the masses of the working people generally for all branches of the work of building up the state economy; they must make them familiar with all aspects of economic life and with all details of industrial operations—from the procurement of raw materials to the marketing of the product; give them a more and more concrete understanding of the single state plan of socialist economy and the worker’s and peasant’s practical interest in its implementation.
+4. The drawing up of scales of wages and supplies, etc., is one of the essential functions of the trade unions in the building of socialism and in their participation in the management of industry. In particular, disciplinary courts should steadily improve labour discipline and proper ways of promoting it and achieving increased productivity; but they must not interfere with the functions of the People’s Courts in general or with the functions of factory managements.
+This list of the major functions of the trade unions in the work of building up socialist economy should, of course, be drawn up in greater detail by the competent trade union and government bodies. Taking into account the experience of the enormous work accomplished by the unions in organising the economy and its management, and also the mistakes which have caused no little harm and which resulted from direct, unqualified, incompetent and irresponsible interference in administrative matters, it is most important, in order to restore the economy and strengthen the Soviet system, deliberately and resolutely to start persevering practical activities calculated to extend over a long period of years and designed to give the workers and all working people generally practical training in the art of managing the economy of the whole country.
+8. Contact Wlth The Masses—The Fundamental Condition For All Trade Union Activity
+Contact with the masses, i. e., with the overwhelming majority of the workers (and eventually of all the working people), is the most important and most fundamental condition for the success of all trade union activity. In all the trade union organisations and their machinery, from bottom up, there should be instituted, and tested in practice over a period of many years, a system of responsible comrades—who must not all be Communists—who should live right among the workers, study their lives in every detail, and be able unerringly, on any question, and at any time, to judge the mood, the real aspirations, needs and thoughts of the masses. They must be able without a shadow of false idealisation to define the degree of their class-consciousness and the extent to which they are influenced by various prejudices and survivals of the past; and they must be able to win the boundless confidence of the masses by comradeship and concern for their needs., the danger that the vanguard may run too far ahead and fail to "straighten out the line", fail to maintain firm contact with the whole army of labour, i. e., with the overwhelming majority of workers and peasants.. It is not sufficient to explain, to reiterate and corroborate this truth; it must be backed up organisationally by the whole structure of the trade unions and by their everyday activities.
+9. The Contradictions In The Status Of The Trade Unions Under The Dictatorship Of The Proletariat
+From all the foregoing it is evident that there are a number of contradictions in the various functions of the trade unions. On the one hand, their principal method of operation is that of persuasion and education; on the other hand, as participants in the exercise of state power they cannot refuse to share in coercion. On the one hand, their main function is to protect the interests of the masses of the working people in the most direct and immediate sense of the term; on the other hand, as participants in the exercise of state power and builders of the economy as a whole they cannot refuse to resort to pressure. On the one hand, they must operate in military fashion, for the dictatorship of the proletariat is the fiercest, most dogged and most desperate class war; on the other hand, specifically military methods of operation are least of all applicable to the trade unions. On the one hand, they must be able to adapt themselves to the masses, to their level; on the other hand, they must never pander to the prejudices and backwardness of the masses, but steadily raise them to a higher and higher level, etc., etc. These contradictions are no accident, and they will persist for several decades; for as long as survivals of capitalism and small production remain, contradictions between them and the young shoots of socialism are inevitable throughout the social system.
+Two practical conclusions must be drawn from this. First, for the successful conduct of trade union activities it is not enough to understand their functions correctly, it is not enough to organise them properly. In addition, special tact is required, ability to approach the masses in a special way in each individual case for the purpose of raising these masses to a higher cultural, economic and political stage with the minimum of friction.
+Second, the afore-mentioned contradictions will inevitably give rise to disputes, disagreements, friction, etc. A higher body is required with sufficient authority to settle these at once. This higher body is the Communist Party and the international federation of the Communist Parties of all countries—the Communist International.
+10. The Trade Unions And The Specialists
+The main principles of this question are set forth in the Programme of the Russian Communist Party; but these will remain paper principles if constant attention is not paid to the facts which indicate the degree to which they are put into practice. Recent facts of this kind are: first, cases of the murder of engineers by workers in socialised mines not only in the Urals, but also in the Donets Basin; second the suicide of V. V. Oldenborger, Chief Engineer of the Moscow Waterworks, because of the intolerable working conditions due to the incompetent and impermissible conduct of the members of the Communist group, as well as of organs of the Soviet government, which prompted the All-Russia Central Executive Committee to turn the whole matter over to the judicial authorities.
+The Communist Party and the Soviet government as a whole bear a far greater share of the blame for cases of this kind than the trade unions. But the present issue is not one of establishing the degree of political guilt, but of drawing certain political conclusions. Unless our leading bodies, i. e., the Communist Party, the Soviet government and the trade unions, guard as the apple of their eye every specialist who does his work conscientiously and knows and loves it—even though the ideas of communism are totally alien to him—it will be useless to expect any serious progress in socialist construction. We may not be able to achieve it soon, but we must at all costs achieve a situation in which specialists—as a separate social stratum, which will persist until we have reached the highest stage of development of communist society—can enjoy better conditions of life under socialism than they enjoyed under capitalism insofar as concerns their material and legal status, comradely collaboration with the workers and peasants, and in the mental plane, i. e., finding satisfaction in their work, realising that it is socially useful and independent of the sordid interests of the capitalist class. Nobody will regard a government department as being tolerably well organised if it does not take systematic measures to provide for all the needs of the specialists, to reward the best of them, to safeguard and protect their interests, etc., and does not secure practical results in this.
+The trade unions must conduct all the activities of the type indicated (or systematically collaborate in the activities of all the government departments concerned) not from the point of view of the interests of the given department, but from the point of view of the interests of labour and of the economy as a whole. With regard to the specialists, on the trade unions devolves the very arduous duty of daily exercising influence on the broad masses of the working people in order to create proper relations between them and the specialists. Only such activities can produce really important practical results.
+11. The Trade Unions And Petty-Bourgeois Influence On The Working Class
+Trade unions are really effective only when they unite very broad strata of the non-Party workers. This must give rise—particularly in a country in which the peasantry greatly predominates—to relative stability, specifically among the trade unions, of those political influences that serve as the superstructure over the remnants of capitalism and over small production. These influences are petty-bourgeois, i. e., Socialist-Revolutionary and Menshevik (the Russian variety of the parties of the Second and Two-and-a-Half Internationals) on the one hand, and anarchist on the other. Only among these trends has any considerable number of people remained who defend capitalism ideologically and not from selfish class motives, and continue to believe in the non-class nature of the "democracy", "equality", and "liberty " in general that they preach.
+It is to this socio-economic cause and not to the role of individual groups, still less of individual persons, that we must attribute the survivals (sometimes even the revival) in our country of such petty-bourgeois ideas among the trade unions. The Communist Party, the Soviet bodies that conduct cultural and educational activities and all Communist members of trade unions must therefore devote far more attention to the ideological struggle against petty-bourgeois influences, trends and deviations among the trade unions, especially because the New Economic Policy is bound to lead to a certain strengthening of capitalism. It is urgently necessary to counteract this by intensifying the struggle against petty-bourgeois influences upon the working class.
+Central Committee
+Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
+[1] The role and tasks of the trade unions under the conditions created by the New Economic Policy were examined at a Plenary Meeting of the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) on December 28, 1921. The draft of the decision on the trade unions adopted by the C.C., R.C.P.(B.) was written by Lenin.
+The theses of January 12, 1922 were examined by the Political Bureau of the Central Committee which unanimously approved them and submitted them without amendments to the Eleventh Party Congress. They were unanimously passed at that Congress (see KPSS v rezolyutsiakh i resheniyakh syezdov, konferentsi i plenumov Ts.K. [C.P.S.U. in Resolutions and Decisions of Congresses, Conferences and C.C. Plenary Meetings ], Part 1, 1954, pp. 603-12)
+Tulips (part 1)
+April 7, 2012 94 Comments
+Busy time right now preparing for tomorrow’s Easter egg hunt. The little ones are already so excited. We will have the egg hunt in the sand dunes of Soesterduinen which is just a few kilometers away from our place. It sure will be a lot of fun because there is so much space to run around for the very energetic and hyper kids. Lots of secret places to hide the eggs as well.
+Nonetheless, let me share with you these tulip images which I took last year from a showcase of various types of tulips which we chanced upon while driving through the Noordoost Polder.
+I love your photographs…
+Good luck on your East Celebration
+Best, Jenny
+Thanks a lot, Jenny. Full schedule tomorrow, egg hunt in the morning then a party with Pinoy friends in the evening. I cooked Bicol express, laing (I’m Bicolana that’s why), custard cake, orange chiffon cake and chocolate cupcakes.
+Really! Me too….Infact I am heading there next week to Naga Cam Sur to see family. Uragon ka baga! LOL!
+Wow, that’s nice to know that you are a fellow “Uragon”. The friends I’m meeting is also from Naga and her visitors are also HS friends from Santa Isabel. Small world huh! ;-)
+Funny! Do you know any Bichara’s? I have cousins your age who studied in Santa Isabel…
+No, I went to UNC for college. Maybe my friend knows them.
+Okay, enjoy! Bicolanos are great cooks and I love Bicol Express. Mabalos ;)
+sounds like you need to post some recipes!
+Tulips are one of my favorite flowers; I plant bulbs every fall. Love the ones that were lavender, yellow and orange. Of course, I would never leave out the pink ones! They’re my absolutely fave!
+They’re lovely and I never get tired of them year after year. ;-)
+Beautiful photos as always…enjoy your holiday Malou!
+Thanks a lot, Robyn. ;-)
+That is a lot of tulips ;-) Beautiful pictures.
+Thanks a lot, Wiepkjen. ;-)
+Exquisite photos, as always, Malou! What lens did you use for the close-ups?
+Thanks a lot, sillisoup. I used the kit lens (18-55mm) of my Nikon D60. ;-)
+Ah, how lovely. This giant collection of colorful tulip photos made me smile. Happy Easter to you!
+Thanks a lot, Lisa. Happy Easter too! ;-)
+Spectacular! I hope that the Easter Egg hunt is a delight.
+Thanks a lot, Thandiwe. ;-)
+Another beautiful feast of color! Thanks for sharing these, Malou.
+Thanks a lot, Ken. ;-)
+How beautiful! Tulips are just so wonderful.
+Thanks a lot, gramster1. ;-)
+Tulips are one of my favorite flowers. How lovely to be flooded with their photos on the screen! I used to hold an Easter egg hunt at my house with all tiny food (mini muffins, mini bagels, etc.) for the little ones. Their favorites were the eggs filled with sunflower seeds to plant.
+Glad to know that you love the tulip pictures flooding your screen. ;-)
+How coincidental that you mention about the sunflower seeds. My daughter got them as presents from the grandparents and she and her father planted them last Wednesday. She’s checking on them all the time. ;-)
+My absolute favourite flower is the tulip! You’ve captured so many of them here! What a great post. Thanks for following my blog and I look forward to more of yours!
+Olga
+Thanks a lot, Olga. Tulips are in abundance here so I am always tempted to take lots and lots of pictures. ;-)
+Stunning photographs! Red tulips are my favorite flower.
+Thanks a lot, Becky. ;-)
+Sooo beautiful!! I’d love to skip and run through those fields!
+Oh, come and visit Michi! I’ll take your pictures doing the skipping and running. ;-)
+Just gorgeous! Have a great day with your sweet family!
+Thanks a lot, Catherine. ;-)
+Happy happy Easter Malou! The tulips are glorious.
+Thanks a lot, Janine. I hope you had a great Easter too. ;-)
+Absolutely beautiful. My favorite flower.
+Thanks a lot. ;-)
+Heavenly!
+Thanks a lot, Radhika. ;-)
+Beautiful photos! I hope you have a wonderful Easter!
+Thanks a lot, Beth. Yes, Easter was a lot of fun. ;-)
+Beautiful pictures of beautiful tulips. I’m part Dutch by ancestory. My grandmother’s side of the family (Uhters), and she loved tulips as do I. My favorites were the ones that went from pink to orange. They remind me of an Easter sunrise.
+Thanks a lot. Great to know about your Dutch connection and love for tulips. ;-)
+Happy Easter to you and your family Malou, quick question, what were the tulips with the little flecks of fluffy stuff on top? I’ve never seen that variety before :)
+I hope you had a great Easter celebration too. On those tulips with fluffy stuff on top, I’ll have to check the name next time. Pretty unusual huh! Over here there are several hundreds of varieties of tulips and they are still creating new ones. ;-)
+I knew there was a reason why people think of the Dutch and immediately think of those gorgeous flora!
+Hey HAppy Easter to you and your family… beautiful pics as usual…:)
+Thanks a lot, Ishita. I hope you had a great Easter celebration too. ;-)
+Stunning photos, again, Malou – Happy Easter to you and your family. Hope the Easter Egg hunt goes well and the bunny brings many surprises.
+Thanks a lot, puppy1952. I hope you had a wonderful Easter too. The egg hunt went so well, the little ones wanted to go on with the hunt forever. ;-)
+Gelukkig Paasfeest, the tulip varieties are absolutely breathtaking, superb.
+Hartstikke bedankt, Mike. ;-)
+Gorgeous photos as usual. What kind of camera do you have Malou?
+Ashley
+Thanks a lot, Ashley. I am using a Nikon D60. ;-)
+Thanks Malou! I’m going to investigate that camera :) I desperately need something better than what I’ve got now! I must do justice to this wonderful place I live in and the photo opportunities it gives :)
+My camera is already an old model. Nikon has newer models in the market these days.
+For an old model is sure takes wonderful photos. I love looking at your pictures, though I’m sure that part of it is the fact that you have a great eye for things and are an excellent picture taker. I always look forward to seeing your great photos.
+Thanks a lot, Ashley. I always say that in taking pictures, it is best to look with one’s heart. I don’t follow conventions and technicalities when taking pictures. What I find pleasing and heartwarming is what I go for in my pictures. ;-)
+Excellent advise and a good rule to live by when snapping shots :)
+Have a fun, blessed and beautiful weekend !
+delightful! Never knew there were so many varieties of tulips. :)
+Oh, there are several hundreds of them, Zelmare. ;-)
+Oh my goodness! I had no idea there were so many types of tulips! These are absolutely beautiful! I have a new bucket list item on my travel list! Thank you and Happy Easter!
+Superb photos again – hope that you had better weather for your egg hunt day then we had up here, we had snow for a couple of hours and very cold. Sure the kids would any chill in their excitement. Happy Easter to you too!
+Just beautiful….wondering how long they bloom over there and what becomes of those fields the rest of the year?
+Such lovely colors and images… Nothing like nature to provide a perfect canvas. Much luck on your Easter egg hunt! :)
+I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again…these tulip shots are amazing, and even more so to view on Easter. Happy Easter to you and yours!
+Lovely pics- thank you so much for sharing and happy Easter!
+Oh my – more fun than a candy store! Fabulous flowers – thanks for sharing!
+My favorite flower and you captured their beauty….thanks for sharing!
+Your seventh tulip photo matches the ones in my garden! They are ALL gorgeous!
+amazing! amazing! amazing!.
+These tulips are for display? not grown for sale?????
+gorgeous flowers and even better photos!!!
+Beautiful Pictures, Beautiful Family!
+I love Tulips, they are so elegant and proud
+Thank you for sharing these beautiful and refreshing pictures with us
+The beauty of creation. Wonderful!
+Its really awesome.
+The colors of these flowers are SO gorgeous! Great pics! One day I’d like to see this in person. :-)
+These pictures are very beautiful. My eyes says: “Oooh!”
+Each and everyone of these are gorgeous!!!
+Holland is famous for its tulips.
+I LOVE the concept of an Easter Egg Hunt in the Sand Dunes!
+This tulips are gorgeous! My favorite is the last picture you have included here. I love tulips that are multi-colored!
+Superb.
+very lovely shots I love all the differ color.
+I really believe that no one does flowers like the Dutch!
+Pingback: Flowers (and trees) at Deep Cut Gardens « The Wandering Photographer
+I came here from The Wandering Photographer () where you blog is noted as being an inspiration and I can see why..these are beautiful and I enjoyed getting to know a bit about your blog from your about section….Michelle
+What a beautiful feast for the eyes… :)
+They really are a beautiful flower. No wonder the Dutch were in a fever over them in the 1600s.
+Such gorgeous flowers so perfectly captured. I must say the fringed ones are amazing and the photo of the luscious light pink ones with the light glowing through them are especially enchanting. :D
+Pingback: Amsterdam and Lisse « Convergent Journey
+I’ve never seen those fuzzy looking tulips before! BEAUTIFUL!
+Fabulous!
+How lucky you are to be living in Holland. I love tulips.
+GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack -
+GoodSync 11.9.3.3 / GoodSync 10.19.3.3
+GoodSync 11 is reliable and easy to use file synchronization and file backup software from Siber Systems, the makers of RoboForm..
+BUY NOW GoodSync 11 – Personal or Business
+Automatically backup all your critical files to ensure you’ll never lose them. Easily synchronize your files between multiple computers and devices.
+Use GoodSync to keep your work computers in sync with your home computer or to keep all company desktops and laptops in sync with company server. This software uses an innovative synchronization algorithm that offers true bi-directional synchronization.
+This software connects multiple computers directly, completely bypassing the need for cloud based solutions. All new block level synchronization syncs the file changes, greatly improving the speed and efficiency of sync. Completely portable with GoodSync2Go for USB flash and portable hard drives.
+GoodSync folder folder path that starts with volume name. So that your volume is found no matter what disk letter it uses.
+Latest Changes
+Changes in GoodSync 11.9.3 (2021-10-29):
+- Sib-SMB: Fixed Access Denied on Read-Only files: perform softening by removing readonly attrs first.
+- Download of Locked file via GSTP: fixed file mod time not properly copied.
+- Sib-SMB: Fixed Access Denied in OpenInfoByHandle().
+- gs-server: Fixed rare cycling on non-locked map lookup, when many connections come in at once.
+Changes in GoodSync 11.9.2 (2021-10-27):
+- SFTP FS: fixed some more crashes on CloseDownload() and CloseUpload().
+- Encrypted FS: fixed some more crashes on file close.
+- EncryptedFS Download conveyor: Make EncryptedFS conveyor work on downloads.
+- GSTP client: Fixed Copy of Locked File over GSTP was not working.
+- Explorer: Fixed error reporting in Open File (download temp file).
+- Explorer: Allow Refresh/New Folder/Paste actions in top folder in single-folder mode.
+- Sib-SMB: misc CIFS fixes.
+- Sib-SSL/TLS: Removed expired certs, added Google Trusted Services root CAs.
+Changes in GoodSync 11.9.1 (2021-10-25):
+- SFTP FS: fixed some more crashes on file close.
+- Encrypted FS: fixed some more crashes on file close.
+- GSTP client: Fixed Copy of Locked File over GSTP was not working.
+- EncryptedFS Download conveyor: Make EncryptedFS conveyor work on downloads.
+- Sib-SMB: misc CIFS fixes.
+- Sib-SSL/TLS: Removed expired certs, added Google Trusted Services root CAs.
+Changes in GoodSync 11.9.0 (2021-10-21):
+-.
+Changes in GoodSync 11.8.8 (2021-10-19):
+- WinFileSys and UnixFileSys Close: Fixed closing sequence.
+- SFTP: Fixed observed crashes in CloseDownload() and CloseUpload() on errors.
+- CC Runner: Make it to be a separate Platform, requiring BsnsClnt or MidServe license for GUI.
+- Windows: Detect and show Windows 11 in version info, GoodSync works OK on it.
+- AutoUpdate: if Jobs are running, wait for 1 hour for them to finish, but not longer
+Changes in GoodSync 11.8.8 (2021-10-17):
+- GSTP client Progress: Fixed Progress reporting, esp for No Internet.
+- CCrunner: If CCrunner is installed with GoodSync GUI, then AutoUpdate installs GS GUI, not CCrunner.
+- GSTP conveyor: several fixes for restarting conveyor when connection is lost and restored.
+- GSTP client + User Stop: Fixed User Stop was not releasing handles on GsServer side.
+- Crash Reporter: Simplified and Fixed determination of Our-Module.
+- GsExplorer: add Program Options menu item back.
+- SibSmb: Fix SMB1/CIFS listing errors, etc.
+- gsync command line: Fixed parsing of /uN with /kN.
+- Add exclusion of Expired Root Cert DST Root CA X3, now with SHA-1 thumbprint.
+BUY NOW GoodSync Personal for Windows
+BUY NOW GoodSync Personal 11 for MacИсточник:
+GoodSync Enterprise
+GoodSyncGoodSyncИсточник:Источник:
+A guide to uninstall GoodSync from your computerThis page is about GoodSync for Windows. Below you can find details on how to uninstall it from your computer. It was created for Windows by Siber Systems Inc. Further information on Siber Systems Inc can be found here. Please open you want to read more on GoodSync on Siber Systems Inc's web page. GoodSync is commonly set up in the C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync folder, subject to the user's decision. GoodSync's complete uninstall command line is C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-runner.exe. GoodSync.exe is the GoodSync's primary executable file and it takes approximately 13.52 MB (14179528 bytes) on disk.
+The executable files below are installed alongside GoodSync. They occupy about 84.96 MB (89086528bytes) on disk.
+...click to view all......click to view all...
+- clout.exe (4.82 MB)
+- diff.exe (66.50 KB)
+- GoodSync.exe (13.52 MB)
+- gs-runner.exe (9.67 MB)
+- gs-server.exe (7.73 MB)
+- gscp.exe (7.04 MB)
+- GsExplorer.exe (13.44 MB)
+- gsync.exe (7.93 MB)
+- LogView.exe (7.22 MB)
+This info is about GoodSync version 10.12.4.4alone. Click on the links below for other GoodSync versions:
+...click to view all...
+When planning to uninstall GoodSync you should check if the following data is left behind on your PC.
+Folders remaining:
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+- C:\Users\UserName\AppData\Local\GoodSync
+The files below remain on your disk when you remove GoodSync:
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\ar-arabic.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\be-belarusian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\bg-bulgarian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\br-portuguesebr.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\ca-catalan.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\clout.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\cn-simpchinese.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\cz-czech.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\da-danish.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\dbghelp_w32.dll
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\dbghelp_x64.dll
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\de-german.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\diff.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\el-greek.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\en-english.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\es-spanish.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\fa-persian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\fr-french.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\ga-galego.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\goodsync.adm
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\GoodSync.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\GoodSync2Go.bat
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\GoodSync-v10.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gscp.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\GsExplorer.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-runner.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-server.crt
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-server.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-server.key
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gsync.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\he-hebrew.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\hr-croatian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\access.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\account.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\account_success.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\activation_success.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\add_user.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_active.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_gray_active.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_gray_normal.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_gray_pressed.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_normal.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\btn_pressed.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\change_account.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\change_computer_id.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\change_password.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\connect_status.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\delete_user.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\do_otp.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\edit_user.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\error.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\expert_settings.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\favicon.ico
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\gslogo64.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\gs-server.ico
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\help.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\help_conn.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_about.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_account.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_activation.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_add.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_connect_status.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_critical_notification.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_delete.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_download.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_edit.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_exclamation.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_logs.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_no.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_settings.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_show.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_users.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\i_yes.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\license.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\login.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\login_set.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\logout.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\logs.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\nas_error.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\nas_restart.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\nas_setup.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\nas_setup_otp.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\post_install.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\restart.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\server_header.png
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\settings.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\style.css
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\support_ticket.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\html-templates\wait_otp.html
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\hu-hungarian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\hy-armenian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\id-indonesian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\is-icelandic.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\it-italian.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\jp-japanese.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\ko-korean.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\LogView.exe
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\nl-dutch.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\nn-norwegiannynorsk.rfs
+- C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\no-norwegian.rfs
+You will find in the Windows Registry that the following keys will not be cleaned; remove them one by one using regedit.exe:
+- HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{B26B00DA-2E5D-4CF2-83C5-911198C0F009}
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\GoodSync.exe
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Image File Execution Options\GoodSync-v10.exe
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Policies\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Wow6432Node\Siber Systems\GoodSync
+Additional registry values that you should remove:
+- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\MuiCache\C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\fix-gsync-v10.exe.FriendlyAppName
+- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\MuiCache\C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\GoodSync.exe.FriendlyAppName
+- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\MuiCache\D:\My Documents\Downloads\Compressed\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Crack\fix-gsync-v10.exe.FriendlyAppName
+- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\MuiCache\D:\My Documents\Downloads\Compressed\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4_Soft98.iR.exe.FriendlyAppName
+- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Local Settings\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Shell\MuiCache\D:\Software\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.10.21.1\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.10.21.1_Soft98.iR.exe.FriendlyAppName
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\bam\State\UserSettings\S-1-5-21-4049056786-2467173562-933328390-1001\\Device\HarddiskVolume3\Software\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.10.21.1\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.10.21.1_Soft98.iR.exe
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\bam\State\UserSettings\S-1-5-21-4049056786-2467173562-933328390-1001\\Device\HarddiskVolume3\Software\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4\Goodsync.Enterprise.10.12.4.4_Soft98.iR.exe
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\GsServer\Description
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\GsServer\DisplayName
+- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\GsServer\ImagePath
+How to uninstall GoodSync using Advanced Uninstaller PROGoodSync is a program released by Siber Systems Inc. Sometimes, computer users want to remove it. This can be easier said than done because uninstalling this by hand takes some skill regarding removing Windows applications by hand. One of the best SIMPLE procedure to remove GoodSync
+2. Run Advanced Uninstaller PRO. It's recommended to take some time to admire Advanced Uninstaller PRO's design and number of features available. Advanced Uninstaller PRO is a very good package of utilities.2. Run Advanced Uninstaller PRO. It's recommended to take some time to admire Advanced Uninstaller PRO's design and number of features available. Advanced Uninstaller PRO is a very good package of utilities.
+- navigate to Download Link
+- download the program by pressing the green DOWNLOAD NOW button
+- install Advanced Uninstaller PRO
+3. Press the General Tools button
+4. Activate the Uninstall Programs tool
+5. All the applications installed on your computer will be made available to you
+6. Navigate the list of applications until you find GoodSync or simply click the Search field and type in "GoodSync". The GoodSync program will be found automatically. Notice that when you select GoodSync in the list of apps, some data regarding the program is available to you:
+For example you can see that for GoodSync:For example you can see that for GoodSync:
+- Safety rating (in the left lower corner). The star rating explains the opinion other people have regarding GoodSync, ranging from "Highly recommended" to "Very dangerous".
+- Opinions by other people - Press the Read reviews button.
+- Technical information regarding the app you want to uninstall, by pressing the Properties button.
+7. Click the Uninstall button. A window asking you to confirm will come up. Confirm the removal by pressing the Uninstall button. Advanced Uninstaller PRO will then remove GoodSync.7. Click the Uninstall button. A window asking you to confirm will come up. Confirm the removal by pressing the Uninstall button. Advanced Uninstaller PRO will then remove GoodSync.
+- The web site of the program is:
+- The uninstall string is: C:\Program Files\Siber Systems\GoodSync\gs-runner.exe
+8. After uninstalling GoodSync, Advanced Uninstaller PRO will offer to run a cleanup. Press Next to proceed with the cleanup. All the items of GoodSync which have been left behind will be detected and you will be asked if you want to delete them. By removing GoodSync using Advanced Uninstaller PRO, you are assured that no Windows registry items, files or directories are left behind on your PC.
+Your Windows computer will remain clean, speedy and able to take on new tasks.
+DOWNLOAD NOW
+DisclaimerThe text above is not a piece of advice to uninstall GoodSync by Siber Systems Inc from your computer, nor are we saying that GoodSync by Siber Systems Inc is not a good application for your PC. This text only contains detailed instructions on how to uninstall GoodSync in case you want to. The information above contains registry and disk entries that other software left behind and Advanced Uninstaller PRO discovered and classified as "leftovers" on other users' PCs.
+Last update on: 2020-06-23 09:37:45.740
+GoodSync Enterprise is an easy and reliable file backup and file synchronization software. It automatically analyzes, synchronizes, and backs up your emails, precious family photos, contacts, MP3s, financial documents, and other important files locally – between desktops, laptops, servers, GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack drives, and Windows Mobile devices, as well as remotely through FTPS GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack windows 7 activator free download for 32 bit & 64 bit Uploadrar Direct
+Portable GoodSync Enterprise 11.8.3.7Источник:Источник:
+GoodSync Crack 11.9.3.3 With Activation Code Latest Download 2022
+GoodSync GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack
+But you want to store them at that time. Then you can use this app to store your data on any drive. You can keep data in such campaigns USB drives, Google Drive, and many more spaces. Hence, GoodSync Torrent 11.8.9.9 GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack improvements, similar to changes in different organizers in your structure or different areas we said. The other way around, the Folder is changed, at that point the GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack, Avast Internet Security 21.6.6446 Crack with Serial Code Free Download, Quick Books, and Windows GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack, it makes all the necessary updates you needed. No one can perform such tasks. It has all the abilities to do a good job. This app will quickly run on your PC. The main reason is that GoodSync 11 Keygen has an GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack. easeus partition master 13.8 crack folders by synchronizing them.
+- it can copy locked files.
+- Ability to define the speed of copying files and folders.
+- On the off chance that was GoodSync Enterprise 11.5.0.0 Crack for, GoodSync Crack duplicates the record characteristics and ACLs.
+- For clients who like the customary 9 GUI, it can at present be utilized as a part of an alternative.
+Required System:Good 64-bit
+- Windows Vista
+- For Windows Vista 64-bit
+- Windows 7.
+- Windows 7 64-bit.
+- For Windows 8.
+- Windows 8 64-bit.
+- Windows 10.
+- For Windows 10 64-bit.
+How To Crack?
+- First DownloadSetup From Here.
+- Wait until to complete Security is closed.
+- Extract the RAR file.
+- Install the Setup file & don’t launch it (if launch, Exit from it).
+- Copy the Patch/Crack & paste it into the install directory.
+- Run the Patch as administrator & finish (Delete).
+- That’s all ………. Enjoy !!!
+Allsoftcrack.comИсточник:
+Therefore you want to to learn about web hosting and what it is offering or you may well not recognize considerably concerning website hosting? There is no waste within being unsure of these details. People have to begin from the outset at some time. With that, allows start off studying hosting.
+Hosting To start with, what exactly is website hosting and exactly how does it work?
+Web hosting could be the business practice of offering room and data transfer on a high-powered laptop or computer host that's connected to the Web from extremely high speeds. Hosting companies preserve huge systems of high-powered web hosting server personal computers in the physical location known as the files center. These kinds of personal computer servers are associated with an extremely rapidly, and usually repetitive, Internet connection. The data facilities possess primary and back up strength, a quick connection to the Internet, as well as a security checking workers.
+The net website hosts supply a talk about of drive room along with obtainable bandwidth with a customer to get a monthly charge. After the customer can be signed up, they can publish data files to their personal place online server as well as the details are next watchable to anybody fascinated on the Internet. The bill every month the world wide web host costs is far less than it will expense to perform any host through your own residence or info heart. Because of this , these businesses are present. That they care for all the components, application, and other technical requires for you.
+Varieties of internet hosting
+There are many different varieties of hosting provides, nevertheless the primary a few are discussed, reseller, as well as devoted. Each kind of internet hosting is perfect for a different objective.
+Shared hosting
+Web hosting services shared is among the most well-liked kind of web hosting. Shared hosting is a percentage of disk area and also data transfer given to anyone by the web hosting firm on a high-powered hosting server. There are many additional websites managed about this server, as well as the host probably will possess many of those machines inside a large data centre. The time from the machine are generally shared simply by numerous additional internet sites as are allocated to that will personal computer.
+Shared web hosting is the better kind of hosting should you be looking for any excellent value and do not have an overabundance compared to a couple thousand day-to-day website visitors to your site.
+Reseller Internet hosting
+Merchant website hosting is often a popular, low-cost strategy to beginning your own personal website hosting enterprise. There's two varieties of reseller hosting, private-label as well as a merchant associated with providers.
+The actual private-label is the foremost form of channel partner strategy as it lets you retain full treating your customer's web sites. A new private-label plan makes it possible for the supplier to maintain the entire payment in the web-hosting buyer, but the supplier must pay the monthly fee towards the more substantial hosting company for your merchant place. The greater web hosting service balances a new private-label reseller can market, the better the revenue on their behalf. Private-label internet hosting permits you to host more websites than had you been utilizing shared hosting for each. This is the excellent answer for an individual that has a lot of web sites they should number in a single location to lower your expenses.
+The actual channel partner involving services plans sell a normal web hosting strategies of your greater web hosting business, however you get yourself a reduced price with regard to offering the consumer and earn the monthly charge provided that they stay a person. This plan does not allow control over consumer internet sites and you also just keep a portion of the possibly monthly income.
+Dedicated Web Hosting
+Web server is the most powerful and cost efficient option of web hosting service a lively web page without resorting to getting your own products along with paying out hundreds of dollars each month for a fast Web connection. Devoted web hosting service is made up of single host without having other person hosting on that pc. This enables for top level regarding settings alternatives. Those who have an active website will quickly realize devoted web hosting service will be the needed alternative.
+Website hosting Considerations
+Thinking about the rest of the info indexed by web hosting strategies? With this part, I will explain the main things to consider in selecting a fantastic service provider.
+Value
+The price of website hosting is among the most crucial. There are numerous hosting companies out there with cheap hosting offers, nonetheless they could be low in other locations. Do not let the cost of a hosting package idiot an individual. There are some hosting companies on the market that have low prices and also the additional features are simply of the same quality. Value is usually one of the most crucial choices of a hosting prepare, but there's far more to take into consideration in selecting a top quality webhost.
+Disk Place / Space for storage
+Disk place could be the amount of actual physical space for storage a web site number gives to you personally to keep your web data files. Website hosts these days get strategies along with disk place getting measured mostly with regards to gb, however, many continue to be offering programs within the megabytes pertaining to space for storing. Based on your preferences regarding file space for storage, you might need approximately. Usually more computer room offered, the better.
+Bandwith Per Data
+The amount of bandwith obtainable can produce a huge difference in choosing an excellent internet hosting plan. Generally speaking, greater data transfer useage a new host presents for your requirements, the better. Which means you supports more traffic for your web page because your business increases. Be suspicious involving hosting companies offering limitless or perhaps unmetered bandwith. Although many of the are legitimate provides, there are a few on the market who are overselling their particular bandwith assured the common person is not going to use a lot.
+Customer service
+In almost any company, it is crucial to deliver exception customer service. Internet hosting is no different for this. Most of the hosting companies can be found all day and also night time for those who have a problem with your online web site, yet there are a few who will be merely obtainable specific several hours of the day. If the internet site goes down in the middle of the night time if they're unavailable, therefore misplaced profits for the company. You should make sure the world wide web number you end up picking is always intended for assistance.
+Cash back guarantee
+Many hosting companies provides a thirty-day money back guarantee. Most present one particular also lengthy, however be suspicious with the kinds that supply no money again promise. I wouldn't acquire hosting from your company would you certainly not provide at the very least a new Thirty day cash back guarantee, unless of course they've got proven on their own becoming a innovator in the marketplace and also have an outstanding reputation.
+Os
+A practical product is an item of software in which controls the particular discussion between the computer individual as well as the actual physical computer hardware from the device. A massive tastes all websites online are powered by the particular Linux functioning program. Red hat is normally a lot more steady when compared with Glass windows. Stability is important within owning a site. For this reason, I prefer to be able to number my web sites about the Linux operating system. A few web sites have certain demands that will exactly the Windows os satisfies, however there are always alternatives to people demands.
+Back-up
+A good website hosting company can have a normal routine to be able to copy the information about all the web computers. Greater often the info is duplicated, better. At the minimum, an internet host ought to back-up internet site documents everyday.
+Cpanel
+The cpanel may be the reason for make contact with the web page supervisor could have between the number host as well as their own machine linked online. It is very important have a well-organized and easy to use control panel user interface. The most popular user interface can be cPanel, that's one of the leading website hosting handle solar panels around these days. Plesk is another doozy, and a lot of firms can establish their particular control panel to work with. The majority of hosts will provide one of the links to some trial in the cp they use making use of their web hosting programs. The cp utilized can be a few desire, nevertheless it needs to be user-friendly.
+Electronic mail is essential section of communication on the web. The majority of hosting companies available provides you with much more email addresses plus much more space to carry e-mail than you'll ever need. What you need to be cautious about will be the businesses that made our minds up to be a tiny stringent on his or her email accounts in support of give a number or even a little message place.
+Up-time
+Uptime is often a term used to explain how often the common internet site managed by way of a company is available online. No enterprise can be expected to provide a perfect 100% uptime. That is not possible because of things such as computer hardware, application, along with power failures. A massive most of the businesses are very very good using up-time, and they also promise this. It is still smart to be conscious of the particular uptimes submitted with the company. When not at the very least 98.5%, it's usually not necessarily worthy of web hosting service your business.
+Statistics
+Like a internet marketer, it can be nice to know what number of visitors one has had, in which they will originated from, how long these people stay on your web site, and just how considerably bandwidth they have used. This information is accumulated from the internet server and is also placed in a new record file. The stats program can understand this particular data and still provide significant details to the internet marketer. The info accumulated from all of these records can be very useful for improved upon solutions to the viewers with the web page.
+FTP
+File transfer protocol represents file shift method. It is a means of swiftly importing or getting a lot of data files from an internet host. Most hosting services enables their potential customers entry to their particular internet hosting company accounts by means of FTP. FTP is extremely helpful and is also an excellent function to get when spending money on a web site web hosting service consideration.
+Scripting
+Because the Net started, numerous scripting dialects are actually created and still have evolved into the powerful and active atmosphere we like these days. A new scripting vocabulary is often a way of including features to your site, whether it be to be able to determine quantities or load info via a databases. Scripting different languages made electronic digital marketing feasible. Some of these 'languages' incorporate Perl, Or net, JSP, Coldfusion, VBscript, Javascript, along with Perl. I can't enter the details of these in this post in the interest of difficulty. Once you know the way you use these types of dialects, you should know what to consider in a internet server on their behalf.
+Databases
+The databases is really a spot to keep information which can be used in a significant variety of approaches. Sources are widely-used on the Internet regarding applications such as buying buggies, community forums, as well as product lists. The more databases the world wide web host company enables you to produce, one of the most programs it is possible to set up on the web machine. Sources are utilized through the heightened web master, however facts are readily available online if you're curious.
+Conclusions
+Website hosting may be an extremely challenging selection with the many thousands regarding serves out there. You should discover a prepare that suits your needs and to experience a good host. I really hope this informative article ended up being valuable in deciding regarding which company in order to host using. Pleased Web hosting!
+Mother Nature has given us plants to help lessen mood swings in women, but be aware that some plants interfere with birth control effectiveness.
+If you weren’t raised going to a health food store, you’re not too late to find out about the amazing plants that can help us keep moodiness at bay so we can stop being the Grinch once a month. It is important to realize that some of these herbs and roots can interfere with the effectiveness of birth control.
+Here are some of the top herbs, roots and foods that are abundantly available as natural alternatives that don’t have a list of potentially harmful side effects. Mood swings in women are unfortunately something that happens often, so these might become some of your best friends. Remember, knowledge after all, is power.
+I love this one. It’s similar to ginseng because it’s a root and what we call an adaptogen. That means it’s not a stimulant and not a relaxant. It’s a harmonizer. It brings you into balance hormonally and gives you what you need. Sounds magical right?
+There are more benefits to this Peruvian root powder, it’s also an aphrodisiac, so if you get some of the raw chocolate bars with maca or add it to a smoothie, watch out baby!You can find maca at most health food stores and I recommend the raw powder over the capsules because it is more potent.
+Don’t take too much because it’s very strong and takes some getting used to. Just be sure to take the recommended amount and don’t take it every day for a long time, it’s more of an as needed thing. Also here’s another disclaimer, it’s been used for centuries by Peruvians to increase fertility, so there’s that.
+A word to the wise: as with any supplements, it’s important to do some research and not take advice (even mine) at face value so you know what you’re getting yourself into.
+Black cohosh is traditionally used by Native Americans to relieve menstrual cramps and the symptoms of menopause. Don’t worry, it’s not a hallucinogen. It’s pretty cool though, right?
+Today it is commonly used for irritability and mood swings. It comes in a tincture form, keeping us calm, one drop at a time. It won’t taste good, so I recommend adding it to a smoothie or chasing it with lemon.
+This is a mild sedative and an anti-inflammatory so be weary (pun intended) taking it in the morning or during the day as you might get tired. It’s also important to note that this can be used to induce labor and should not be consumed during pregnancy.
+St. John’s wort is used as a natural antidepressant and also to treat moodiness. This is one of those remedies that can mess with birth control though, so use it with caution. This comes in capsules or tinctures. Gaia is a trusted brand for hormonal balancing herbs and is available online or at most health food stores. Gaia Adrenal Health is an herbal blend that I highly recommend as well.
+In Germany, doctors prescribe herbs more than medications and St. John’s wort is prescribed most commonly for depression, anxiety and PMS. This perennial shrub has been used in Europe for hundreds of years as a safe alternative to drugs that have harmful side effects.
+St. John’s wort boosts the levels of brain serotonin which is a chemical that makes us happy.
+Keep in mind that this stuff would be more effective if you reduce alcohol, get exercise and get lots of fresh organic fruits and veggies. If you have a hotdog and beer diet and sit in front of the TV every night, it probably won’t be effective.
+This is a remarkable plant that has a natural painkiller in it called phenylalanine. It also contains a fatty acid that regulates hormones, which is in a higher concentration than in most other plants. It interferes with the chemicals that create inflammation during menstruation to help relieve cramps.
+This one has been found to specifically help with migraines as well as help with nerve function. So get some gamma linolenic acids and have yourself a great day! Get your zest back and let go of the idea of having a terrible day, we don’t have to!
+This is a funny one. It has the exact opposite effect than the one of an aphrodisiac, and in fact, it was used at monasteries by monks and by women to reduce libido while their husbands were away at war. It has been referred to as ‘Monk’s Spice.’ Europeans have used it to regulate the menstrual cycle, especially the heaviness.
+It has been scientifically studied and it contains compounds that help balance female hormones. Surprisingly, it’s also used to help with infertility. How do you get it? It is available in capsules and like any other supplement; you’ll need to pay attention to the recommended milligram dosage to make sure it’s effective.
+It is said that it works better over time, so don’t expect immediate results. In one study, it was found that PMS symptoms were reduced by a staggering 60%. That’s a significant amount if you ask me.
+This is probably the most commonly used herb for moodiness in women. It is used to help with menopause and PMS. It is a part of the carrot family actually, similar to ginseng and maca root in that its root is used as an adaptogen. It is specifically used for women in Chinese medicine to balance energy levels and reduce cramping.
+It has been used for over 2,000 years as herbal medicine. You can get it in tea, capsules, tinctures, or in herbal blend supplements. Herbal blends are a great option as well because you can get the benefit of many herbs simultaneously. There are some amazing herbal tea blends that will help your moodiness hit the road.
+Burdock root is often sold in juice bars to help clean out your liver. If you’ve had some wine or cocktails recently, it’s a great way to help cleanse those toxins out of your filter organs. You can buy the root yourself and juice it at home, but make sure to combine it with other fruits and vegetables because it has a strong flavor.
+You can also get burdock root tea or buy it in a tincture or capsule. Burdock root actually grows as a weed and is used in traditional Japanese food. It purifies your blood and helps circulation, immunity, lymphatic and urinary tract by taking toxins out of your body.
+It can help increase urination as a diuretic to reduce water retention. It can help to balance hormones and reduce anxiety and moodiness.
+Peppermint is a common herb that has many benefits. It can help to provide emotional balance and can reduce headaches, mood swings and menstrual cramps. This is a widely used herb that can be so processed that it will no longer be effective. If you buy it in a tea form, make sure there are no additional ingredients such as natural flavors or soy lecithin which will reduce the potency.
+You can get this in an essential oil as well. I only recommend getting therapeutic grade essential oils because the other ones are mostly just a filler base such as alcohol made from grains. Expect to pay around $35 minimally for a good essential oil. Two of my favorite brands are Floracopia and DoTerra.
+The World Health Organization has said ginkgo is the most highly prescribed pharmaceutical in France and Germany. It has been used in China for over 5,000 years. It is a tree native to China that can live for over a 1,000 years. These trees have been growing for over 150 million years. What does it do? It is a mood stabilizer and helps improve memory.
+It is used to help with depression symptoms and help bring blood to your brain. It is anti-inflammatory and can help reduce cramping. Commonly referred to as ginkgo biloba, it is used for menopause symptoms and can be found as a tea, capsule or tincture..
+Chromium helps to maintain regular insulin levels and regulates food cravings as well as the body’s use of carbs, fats and proteins. That’s quite a big job! Minerals are found in food, plants specifically. They help to regulate our brain functions so our mood can regulate. Some foods that contain chromium are fresh vegetables like broccoli, mushrooms and green beans.
+I recommend eating these raw to get the most bioavailability. Once the vegetable is cooked, the nutrients can be zapped and eating the plant is less effective. Corn and potatoes also have chromium but make sure you buy them organic.
+If you made it this far in the article, you probably have noticed how many of these herbs have been used outside of this country for longer than our country has been around. Just because people take prescription drugs, doesn’t mean it’s the best option. Understand what I’m saying?
+Think of your mood swings as an indicator that a few things in your life are out of balance and know that you can bring them back into it. Remember, these herbs are not going to be a magic bullet. You’ll need to address your diet, exercise, stress and sleep habits. It’s recommended that you reduce alcohol and caffeine to manage hormonal swings as well.
+The more we educate ourselves about how the systems in our body work together, the better we will be able to manage them. I’m not biased about yoga just because I’m a yoga teacher; I’ve felt the effects and the mood boost thousands of times and heard feedback from thousands of students that agree with me that it really does work.
+Remember, if you’re in your late twenties or early thirties you may not be aware of your moodiness but it could still be there. We often just become increasingly negative and blame other people for our poor attitude and blame our exterior circumstances for our lack of energy. Sometimes we are so used to being in a bad mood we don’t realize we could manage our moodiness and stop bringing down the vibes.
+For women that are going through menopause, this is a new experience and you also may not realize the extent in which moodiness may be creeping up into your life slowly. If you find yourself losing your cool often or crying more than usual, this is a good sign that it’s time to try some of these mood stabilizers and don’t beat yourself up about it.
+It’s not just during our time of the month that we can be moody. Two weeks before, we usually start to get the emotional symptoms. Depending on our stress levels, moodiness can strike at any time and we can be armed with these plants to fight back and keep ourselves positive. Mother Nature has a few tricks up her sleeve and it’s important we share these with our friends so we don’t get addicted to prescription drugs!
+Even if you’re not feeling symptoms of moodiness right now, why not just buy some of these online so you can have them on hand when you need them? This information is not intended to replace medical advice and if you have a serious mood disorder, are pregnant, nursing or have any other serious health concern, please see your physician.
+It is also a great idea to consult with a naturopath or an herbalist about which herbal blends would best suit your body and personality.
+There are great monthly publications about herbs and you may be able to grow some of your own to save some money. Remember to pay attention to the quality and don’t be afraid to pay a little extra to get something that actually works.
+Thank you for reading and I look forward to hearing your feedback in the comments below…Thank you for being a part of the YouQueen community of empowered.
+Mad Men Challenge Complete!Sunday, April 21, 2013
+Shoo Weee! I completed my dress for the Mad Men Challenge! I worked into the wee hours of the night last night to finish it on time. I ended up chosing a dress Megan wore last season as my inspiration. First look at it and I was in love. Green is my favorite color, I love 60's style dresses and the keyhole neckline opening, what more do you need?
+I would die if I could get my hands on this exact fabric. I'm absolutely positive it's probably polyester. I did find a suitable alternative at Joann's, design wise. It some kind of cotton with a slight stretch to it so it doesn't lay quite like Megan's does, but the fabric had a fun green and blue geometric print which is what I was looking for. Oh and have you seen this exact dress being sold by Banana Republic??
+$130!! I was hoping it would go on sale and it did for $99! Thanks but I think my version will do just fine.
+I used vintage Simplicity 8722. It's marked as a "jiffy" dress on the pattern and I assume this is because it can be made in a flash. I think they marked my pattern wrong and meant to tag it as "eternity" because that's how long it took me.
+The invisible zip proved to be a challenge. I haven't inserted too many of these so every time it comes to put one in I get confused and have to revisit a you tube video. This time I watched Sunni's free class on Craftsy, "Mastering Zipper Techniques". It was a big help and it's amazing how Sunni's zippers look so damn perfect! I hope to be that one day! Another time consumer for me on this dress was the keyhole neckline. I was so scared about it right off the bat that once it came time to do the deed I found myself doing everything else but. You know like cleaning out the refrigerator, shampooing carpets, going in for a root canal.... But seriously there was nothing to be scared about. The instructions were pretty clear. To help me stitch a perfect keyhole I traced the keyhole pattern on tracing paper, cut it out and laid it on my fabric and traced around the cutout. Easy peasy...
+Beside sewing the keyhole another first for me was the back contour darts and finishing the armholes with bias binding. (I also referred to video tutorials). I intended on sleeves but when I pinned them on and tried it on it was way too constricting. I always have this problem with sleeves and I can't figure out what the problem is. Am I too wide in the shoulders maybe? Do I need to adjust the armscye (the world itself sounds intimidating)? I rather like the way it looks without sleeves anyways and I plan on pairing it with a white cropped cardigan (for the office cuz it's always cold).
+Only other change I made to the pattern besides leaving it sleeveless was to lengthen it. I wanted the dress to hit right below my knees. In the end I also brought in the side seams by 1/2 inch to give it a better fit.
+It was too windy for outside pictures so I had to stay inside and use my imagination.....
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MAD WOMAN
+SEASON 1 ; EPISODE 1
+STARRING:
+MS. SHANNON as the Mad Woman
+VITO as the perplexed Pug
+Shannon coming home from a hard days work is surprised to see her husband has arrived home before her. He usually doesn't make it home until an hour or so after her. Excited to see him she rushes in the house. Upon entering she hears some noises upstairs in the bedroom. She slowly walks up the stairs and opens the bedroom door.
+She's taken aback and cannot believe what she's seeing. She screams in terror and Vito rushes in...
+"Hey what's all the noise about, you woke me up from my nap? And what for may I ask?" he barks.
+"Why you no good sneaky *beeeeep*" she yells.
+Vito barks, "I don't understand, what's the big deal?? He's only eating a bowl of Ben & Jerry's Cannoli ice cream in bed!"
+"Only a bowl you say Vito??" Ms. Shannon yells, "It looks like he's devouring it right out of the carton and it's a limited batch. He knows cannolis are my favorite. Why I never even got to taste it first before he ate it all! And they aren't going to make it ever again! I'll never get to try it! Oh the horror and agony!!"
+"Calm down crazy lady! There's more in the freezer, follow me!" Vito leads the way.
+With a look of disgust Ms. Shannon looks at her husband before walking out the door and says, "You better hope this Pug is right!"
+Ms. Shannon walks back down to the kitchen where Vito has a spoon and a pint of Ben & Jerry's cannoli ice cream waiting for her on the table. She sits down at the table and for once all is right in the world...
+~ THE END ~
+LOVE IT! Amazing dress, and inspiration :) The keyhole is my favorite! I totally understand what you mean when you feel intimidated by the mere word "armscye" - lol... And your story is hilarious! Way to go, Vito :)
+First off, the dress is just gorgeous and so are you in it! Secondly, your episode is halarious and perfect. Great job. This is a great post. Make sure you share it and link it up wherever you can!!
+Lol gorgeous :)
+Gorgeous dress and ridiculously funny post. As far as sleeves go, I'd start by measuring the sleeve width at the bicep area against your bicep measurement. If the measurements are extremely close, you may need to adjust for sleeve width. If I don't make that adjustment, it feels like my dresses/blouses are pulling across the back, even though it is a sleeve problem.
+This dress is amazing and you made me laught out loud with this post ...
+That's a great dress! Well done!
+Such a cute dress, and I loved the story!
+lovely dress, I much prefer yours to the banana republic one, really funny post too!
+Nicely done- you don't need Banana Replublic!
+BWAH HA HA! That is golden! What a rad frock AND any Vito featured storyline gets an Emmy from me!
+Omg. Hysterical dramatic photos. You are a gem, and Vito is a star. Freakin' adoring that keyhole neckline. And yay, you used Sunni's zipper class too!! How awesome is that course?
+You look gorgeous. Such a cool Megan dress! Totally cuter than the BR one, even if it did take an eternity. :) Worth the work. Congrats!!
+Hahaha! Awesome dress- the trick with the keyhole cut out is brilliant! Hysterical post! Vito saves the day! I love the cannoli ice cream...mmmmmm...
+I will have to keep your keyhole trick in mind, that's brilliant. Awesome dress--its better than the Banana version :)
+Your dress is way cuter than Megan's! And it looks so clean and professional!
+cute little photo story! love the dress, i almost bought that exact fabric!
+Your dress looks fabulous!
+lol! Thank you!
+Thanks!!
+Thank you!!
+Thank you! haha! That is the one and only time Vito will ever be allowed on the counter again.
+Thank you! You should really go buy you some. I love it.
+Why thank you!!
+Thank you very much!
+hehe! Vito wants to know where his actors pay is! lol Thank you!
+Thank you! Vito is a good little feller.
+Thank you! I've been using this trick for sewing the front fly on pants too. A lot easier than all those pins.
+Thank you! Yum isn't it the best!
+Thank you so much sweets!! Vito is a ham alright!
+Why myself and Vito thank you very much!
+Thank you!
+Thank you!!
+Thanks! yeah we don't need no stinkin' banana republic!!
+Thank you! That final ice cream shot is making me hungry!
+Thanks! :)
+Thank you!
+Thanks Anthea!
+hehe!! Thanks!
+Thank you I will give that a try. That's the problem I have, it feels like I'm going to rip the back out of my shirts!
+Thanks! :)
+Thanks so much!!
+Thank you! Vito is a hero!
+Still giggling to myself... great post and lovely dress.
+I love it! You look beautiful in green. Great job on the "firsts" that you tackled for this project.
+Thanks!
+Thank you!!
+saw this and thought of you and vito:
+Oh, Vito... what a dreamboat! Love his face! The dress is way cute-- you did such a great job, and it's super wearable!
+that is so freaking cute!! I love the little one she made even better!
+Thanks you! Hugs from Vito!
+Love your dress! And so much nicer than the one for sale! I really like the keyhole neckline... maybe I'll add that to my list of things to try, too...
+Enjoy your ice cream :)
+your dress is great! I love the fabric, and the keyhole looks great!
+Looks great! And you crack me up! :) Lol at the "eternity" dress. I'm so glad it turned out well for you! :D
+Thank you! :)
+Thanks a bunch! Oh and I did enjoy that ice cream!!
+Thanks!! :)
+Hahaha! You and Vito are the best. Hilarious! I love the dress and I think the fabric you picked is perfect! Well done :)
+AHHHH, Shannon this dress is absolutely gorgeous! You look so great in it. I would wear this every day, if I were you! Lol. And, I've never seen the show, but I am fairly positive that your's and Vito's version is way better. Well done!
+Awe darn it! Well there's always next time. Thanks! :)
+Thank you!! :)
+Thanks Rochelle!! :)
+One message to acne killer sufferers has not changed.
+We have tremendous respect for our competitor, but we don't do it currently. acne killer lesions that are related to acne killer rosacae. One known side effect of minocycline is dizziness among elderly patients, Dr. This is a very healthy one and whether it actually prevents it! Word has been passing mouth to mouth to" dress as if you allow your pores to breath and get cleansed.
+Signs and symptoms of depression. Organic produce is also
+harvested separately from other products that have
+been made up only for the creator to look different from
+others and sell a lot more trouble over his appearance than I do?
+If you have very oily and spicy food should be terminated absolutely otherwise
+the oil glands. And that means more how to get rid of acne.
+Angus Deaton writes an entertaining letter for the Royal Economic Society’s quarterly newsletter. In his latest missive, he discusses how the scope of US economics is changing, by discussing the presentations from this year’s Princeton job market candidates.
+Among’s graduate students appear to be working almost exclusively on traditional topics.)
+Twenty years ago, there was essentially none of this. Applied theses were mostly applied price theory, using a set of generally agreed-upon (preferably ‘frontier’) econometric methods. Issues that seem central now, like poverty, inequality, national and international health, education, the environment, and much of economic development) were left to other disciplines on the grounds that (standard) economics had no framework for analyzing such ill-defined topics.
+So what is it that economics brings to malaria, child soldiering, or the consequences of parole boards? Price theory is certainly no longer our comparative advantage. It is not that it cannot be applied to a wide range of topics, as Gary Becker and others have repeatedly shown. But if current graduate students know anything of price theory, it would have had to have been self-taught, because it is no longer on the curriculum in the ‘best’ American departments. (Except Chicago where it hangs on by a whisker, and where in a last ditch attempt to preserve it from extinction, Becker, Kevin Murphy, and Steve Levitt are running an intensive price theory summer camp for graduate students from outside of Chicago.)
+The advantage that economists have, if advantage it is, is their data handling skills (most social sciences are far from comfortable with millions of observations, to say the least), as well as their well-developed armoury of econometric techniques.. …
+In the end, it is hard not to think that the quality of research owes more to people than to methods. Certainly, the best of the job market candidates this year made important advances and showed great imagination and skill, irrespective of the unresolved methodological debates that divide the profession. Given this abundant talent, and the new-found (or re-found) commitment of young economists to the great issues of poverty and health around the world, there is surely no fear for the future of economics. And perhaps one day soon, there will once again be a closer dialogue between theory and application.
+Andrew, the material that you quoted from Angus Deaton also includes the following passage:
+In one sense, more data can be substituted for theory. The more observations that you have, the more degrees of freedom you have. As such, you can estimate more parameters. This allows you to use more flexible functional forms. For example, the CES utility and pdn functions contain Cobb-Douglas, perfect complements and perfect substitutes as special cases. There are also various functional forms for utilty and production functions that nest even more preference orderings and production technologies as special cases. These include the translog, generalised Leontief, normalised quadratic and generalised Barnett specifications. However, moving from more restrictive specifications to less restrictive specifications does not seem to me to reduce the role of theory. It is simply a change in the particular specification of the theoretical model that is employed in the econometric study.
+In my view, economic theory will always be an essential part of most applied economic studies. While data may tell you something about what might have happened, economic theory is a necessary component of any convincing explanation about why it happened.Â
+Damien, I think applied economics has much to learn from theory, but it doesn’t therefore follow that every applied paper must also have a theory section. (If you think that theory-free empirical studies are a waste of time, are empirics-free theory papers also a waste of time?).* For example, an applied paper on estimating the elasticity of labour demand with respect to the minimum wage might do best to skip the theory, and just give us its findings.
+That said, I freely admit that my own papers are theoretically underpowered, and I might do better to even the balance.
+* This line responds to a comment from Damien that “Theory-free empirical studies are, for the most part, a waste of time.”. Damien subsequently asked me to replace his comment with one that did not include this sentence.
+Andrew,
+I think that theory papers can stand alone. They are exploring the implications of particular artificial economies or artificial segments of economies. This is a necessary first step in any attempt to provide a sensible explanation of observed phenomena. I similarly think that papers in econometric theory can stand alone. This is a necessary first step in exploring the properties of particular estimation strategies in particular settings. As I indicated earlier, empirical papers that elicit stylised factis can potentially stand alone. But I am very wary of other empirical papers that do not have a theory section. The authors of these papers typically do have theory in mind, but it is simply left unspecified. To use your example of the elasticity of labour demand with respect to a change in the minimum wage, there are a number of theoretical issues that need to be dealt with. These include the nature of the underlying production technology, the presence or absence of market power and the nature of market outcomes in the presence of the minimum wage. Does the minimum wage bind initially for everyone, for some people, for nobody? Does it bind for everyone for some or for nobody after it is raised? What is the relationship between the minimum wage and the actual wages that are paid? Are we on the short-side of the market, so that we can be sure we are estimating a demand curve, or do we need to worry about identification problems?
+I was trained as an engineer in the days of the slide rule. We learnt about modelling systems with the tools we had at the time which were theories about the behaviour of materials and physical systems expressed in mathematical formula. The modelling tools for the maths were essentially mathematical short cuts that enabled us do the calculations. Of course these tools were imperfect and our mathematical expressions were often gross simplications of the “real world” which has more randomness and non linear behaviour and more interactions.
+Since the slide rule has been supplanted by the computer the tools and the way modelling is done has changed. The tool has become the model. Problems are divided up into smaller bits where the mathematics works reliably but the interactions, randomness and non linearity is handled by the computer model.
+I know little of economics – beyond the occasional paper I try to read and the popular books on economics and trying to understand enough to talk sensibly to “economic advisers” but as an outsider it seems there is not enough emphasis on building models and experimenting with those models. I may be wrong but economists who write papers appear to do little complex simulations and modelling of the problems using computers but instead try to stretch the mathematics beyond its capabilities. I suspect, but do not know, that “practical economists” depend very much on computer models.
+Why is it that I don’t see reports of computer simulations of complex systems and the running of experiments on those simulations?
+Look up some modern macro – DSGE and the like.
+“Why is it that I don’t see reports of computer simulations of complex systems and the running of experiments on those simulations?”
+I’m not an economist, but the area I work in overlaps a lot with some areas of economics (although the general underlying assumptions and theories are very different — often for essentially identical behavioral data). At least in my area, the answer to you question is that you aren’t looking in the right journals. Complex simulations for things like group dynamics, decision making, and so on abound.
+Kevin, try these websites:
+I think the big problems in ACE (Agent-based Computational Economics) are methodological. Reproducibility, transparency and external validity are real issues, and are the main reason the approach does not dominate applied economics. But there’s still a lot of work being done in it, as conrad notes.
+If economics becomes “about everything”, and economic theory plays less of a role, then maybe economics is becoming about nothing in particular, and about “social science” (which would be ok by me).
+“I think that theory papers can stand alone”
+Sure, but there is nothing worse than a theory paper that can contains a section on “policy implications” of the theory.
+Measurement without theory is not without its problems, but policy witout facts is much worse.
+Andrew, part of the passage that you quote from Angus Deaton says the following.
+Begin quote:
+.”
+End quote.
+If it were the case that economics has moved from a position in which theory plays a central role in applied studies to one in which theory plays almost no role in applied studies, then I think this would suggest that the profession had lost some important knowledge that it once possessed. However, I do not think this is the case. In my view, theory does play a central role in most good applied work in economics.
+Economics is not applied statistics. Economists are interested in the underlying causes of economic phenomena. While I think there is an important role for theory-free empirical papers in economics, that role is limited. In essence, theory-free empirical papers can do little more than develop a set of stylised facts that need explaining. Data alone can sometimes give you some indication of what might have happened, but by themselves they cannot explain why it happened. Any attempt to understand what causes particular economic phenomena will necessarily require some economic theory.
+There are two very good examples of the need for economic theory in empirical studies. These are the identification problem and the Lucas critique. These problems suggest that attempts to design policy based on a theory-free analysis of the facts will potentially fail.
+On the other hand, it is often possible to say sensible things about economic policy without any recourse to economic data. In particular, a theoretical analysis of the impacts of a policy can identify the particular parameters that are likely to influence the policy outcomes. This allows policy makers to focus their data analysis on estimating the magnitudes of those parameters. It also alerts policy makers to the potential for those parameters themselves to vary with the policy being analysed. This is the essence of the Lucas critique of econometric policy evaluation.
+There is a need to differentiate between structural parameters and reduced form parameters. Identifying the underlying structural parameters will require an understanding of the economic forces driving the data generating process. This will necessarily require researchers to make use of economic theory. A classic example of this problem is the need to account for the fact that both supply forces and demand forces will affect prices and quantities. If you want to separately identify demand and supply equations, you will need some variables that enter only demand equations and some variables that enter only supply equations. This is the essence of the identification problem.
+Search |
+Back Issues |
+Author Index |
+Title Index |
+Contents
+Anita Coleman
+<asc@u.arizona.edu>
+Paul Bracke
+<paul@ahsl.arizona.edu>
+S. Karthik
+<skarthik@cs.arizona.edu>.
+Many institutions and individuals have taken advantage of the Web as a medium for disseminating their work. Disciplinary and institutional repositories, agency websites, museums, and other organizations have made large bodies of scholarly and cultural materials available online. Individuals have published their materials on personal web pages and other distributed venues. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) was designed to facilitate the technical interoperability among distributed archives. The objective of OAI-PMH is to develop a low-barrier, lightweight framework to facilitate the information discovery of content in distributed archives [1].
+OAI-PMH has been a success to a great extent, and it has speeded the development of federated service providers such as Arc and OAIster [2, 3]. At the same time, OAI-PMH has not provided a complete solution to the issue of interoperability with non-OAI archives; information discovery of quality non-OAI, discipline specific resources continues to be elusive as much information remains hidden in web sites that do not adhere to any standards. A related problem is that not all resource providers wish to build structured digital collections or participate in a digital repository, and therefore users continue to express the need for subject gateways and portals.
+The work reported in this article is an attempt to address these problems in the context of our Eprints repository, the Digital Library of Information Science and Technology (DLIST). We provide a description of DLIST, our guiding principles for a solution to the challenge of integrating non-OAI resources, the DLIST systems architecture and finally the integration procedure with which we experimented in fall 2003. In the conclusion, we highlight some of the limitations of our proposed solution as well as the added benefits for digital repository development that non-OAI integration offers.
+DLIST is the Digital Library of Information Science and Technology, a repository of electronic resources for Library and Information Science (LIS) and Information Technology (IT) [4]. DLIST is an initiative of the School of Information Resources and Library Science1 and the Arizona Health Sciences Library2 at the University of Arizona3. It is an ambitious project that is seeking to build an international consortium for scholarly communication in the LIS discipline [5]. The primary objective of DLIST is to create a web-accessible, open, digital repositoryan intellectual commons for LIS and IT.
+DLIST is based on free software. At its core is the Eprints software developed at the University of Southampton, UK [6]. Eprints requires the Linux operating system; the Apache web server with mod_perl, the Perl programming language with a handful of extra modules, and the MySQL database system [7, 8, 9]. An open source software, Webalizer, is used to analyze and prepare DLIST usage reports [10]. Paracite, software developed with Eprints for reference parsing and location on the WWW, is also implemented in DLIST [11].
+Eprints software is generally used to build institutional or discipline repositories of scholarship, the outputs of research such as preprints, journal articles, technical reports, conference proceedings, theses, dissertations, and books. Whole journals, books, and conference proceedings or their components such as individual chapters, and articles can be deposited into a web-accessible digital storage system and described using a database form. Examples of well-known Eprint archives that exist for other disciplines include Cog Prints for Cognitive Science and ArXiv for Physics [12, 13]. Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the DLIST home page.
+Figure 1: Screenshot of the DLIST home page.
+(For a larger view of the DList home page, click here.)
+Despite the easy availability of software for developing digital repositories, self-deposit of research articles by authors and the accompanying processes such as metadata creation have proven to be significant road-blocks in the growth and use of digital repositories. For example, the growth of the DLIST collection has been far slower than has its user base. Since its inception in June 2002, DLIST has amassed only 105 items through self-deposit. However, it has three times that number of registered users, and this number continues to increase (we currently have 330 registered users). In our first year of operation we learned that in LIS and affiliated disciplines such as Information Systems, neither the argument that open access improves research visibility nor the economic crisis overtaking scholarly journals are powerful enough motivators to encourage participation and author self-deposit in a repository [14, 15]. It became clear that another model, distinct from the Eprints model of author self-deposit, for growing the repository collection was necessary. Several academic units indicated that they would participate in a discipline-based repository (as opposed to an institutionally based one) but these academic units also stated that author deposit and metadata creation were barriers to such participation. A quick review of the literature showed that this was by no means unusual; in fact, the CiteSeer model, whereby scientific literature on the Web is crawled, harvested, and indexed, appeared to be a more successful one than even the institutional repositories initiative for growing collections and services quickly [16, 17, 18, 19]. Focused crawling has also been reported as part of the strategy to build NSDL collections [20]. However, we did not want to just crawl, harvest, and index relevant materials from the Web; rather, we wanted to see how focused mining of selected partners' websites could be automated so that DLIST could do two things efficiently:
+Very simply, the problem we wished to solve was this: how can we integrate non-OAI resources into DLIST automatically?
+For automation purposes, non-OAI resources were characterized as follows:
+The problem of automating the integration of non-OAI resources from large structured sites is the one described in the next sections.
+The technical approach to integrate non-OAI resources was guided by three considerations:
+In order avoid needless code modification
+and enhance long-term stability, OAI-PMH was used as an integration
+layer. Metadata from non-compliant sites was harvested through the locally
+developed process, exposed through OAI-PMH, and then harvested by Arc,
+which provided the federated search service and capabilities [21]. Since then, the PMC has become OAI-compliant, but fortunately the scripts we developed for PMC can be used for other non-OAI resources as well, such as the ones on the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) website [22]. PMC is the National Library of Medicine (NLM) digital archive of life sciences journal literature, and it contains a wealth of valuable research of interest to a number of service providers including DLIST.
+We also chose PMC for our experiments because it contained a large volume of valuable content (specifically, the backfiles of the Journal of the Medical Informatics Association and the Bulletin and Journal of the Medical Library Association) and the site was well structured, with consistent directory structures, citation information, and HTML coding conventions.
+In order to avoid modifying Arc code and enhance long-term stability, OAI-PMH was used as an integration layer. Metadata from non-compliant sites was harvested through the locally developed process, exposed through OAI-PMH, and then harvested by Arc, which provided the search capabilities.
+The process of integrating non-OAI compliant resources with OAI-compliant resources through Arc was accomplished in four steps:
+These are further described below.
+Once the new pages of interest are available locally, the next phase is to parse the pages and extract all necessary metadata. A parser, written in awk, must be developed for each non-compliant site to be integrated. The parser uses the HTML structure of a document to extract metadata, removes all extraneous markup tags, and saves the results to a local file. Sometimes a parser must also be created for subsections (e.g., journals) within a site.
+Data capture and metadata extraction are all neatly contained in a script file that can be setup as a cron job. The script takes several parameters applicable to all potential sites: the base URL from which to harvest and the output directory to which the metadata needs to be stored. Additionally, the script can be extended to take advantage of site-specific features that can help in the harvesting process. For example, articles within PMC are sequentially numbered, with a page of metadata for each article. The script could check the identifier of the last article harvested and start crawling from the next article. Once set up as a cron job, this script can be executed periodically to harvest new articles and extract the metadata from them.
+The next step in the integration process is the mapping of metadata from our custom format into Dublin Core elements so that it can present an OAI interface. For this we use the Rapid Visual OAI Tool (RVOT) developed at the Old Dominion University [24]. RVOT can be used to make collections OAI compliant in a quick and convenient way. It can be used to graphically construct an OAI-PMH repository from a collection of files, and it comes inbuilt with a metadata translation tool, a lightweight HTTP server, and an OAI-PMH request handler.
+We chose RVOT for its easy to use interface, flexibility in handling custom metadata formats and built-in HTTP server providing a data provider interface. RVOT requires the development of a parser for custom metadata format in Java so that it can be mapped to Dublin Core (DC) format. Once the metadata is imported, fields in the local format are mapped to DC elements through a graphical, drag and drop procedure. RVOT then uses the mapping to convert local metadata files to a new file for its use. Once the conversion is complete, the metadata is immediately available for OAI-PMH requests through the data provider interface.
+Once the non-OAI resource has been made available through an OAI server, the Arc harvester component is used to import metadata into its federated search service, just as it would import the data from any OAI-compliant repository. Arc is also used to provide federated search of OAI-compliant repositories, as well as the non-OAI resources harvested through our procedure.
+Like any screen-scraping approach to information system integration, there are disadvantages to this approach. First, the parsers are site-specific and must be developed for each resource to be integrated. This requires considerable labor and in-depth knowledge of regular expressions or other text-matching techniques. It is a reasonable approach for large, consistently structured sites such as PMC, in which a single parser can extract the metadata for hundreds of articles. For smaller sites, or sites with very inconsistent HTML coding, this approach will likely require too much labor to justify the expenditure of the required development time. Second, such an approach is very sensitive to any design change at the remote resource. Even small changes to the HTML structure of a site can require extensive modification or complete refactoring of a parser.
+We have described a simple and efficient architecture for integrating non-OAI compliant resources found on the Web with OAI-compliant repositories in a federated search system. Initial tests have shown us that the system is flexible and can be extended to other web sites or resources on the Internet.
+At present the parser for extracting metadata is hard-coded to support a single non-compliant repository. We plan to make this process more data-driven by using XML configuration files to specify details about resources to be harvested, including the site's metadata organization. The current system also requires human intervention for setting up the mapping between custom metadata format and DC elements, and for the conversion. We plan to make this process as automatic as possible in the future [25].
+Ideally, more resources will become available through OAI-compliant archives and an architectural process of the sort we have described to integrate non-OAI resources might become unnecessary. Unfortunately, this may not be the case. There will always be a number of valuable non-compliant resources that could significantly enhance existing digital repositories and information discovery search services. We hope more such sites will become OAI-compliant over time, so this system will be needed less and less. Until then, our suite of open source tools, scripts and processes provide a relatively low-barrier approach to integrating non-compliant resources into federated search. Another benefit of our approach is that it is proving to be an attractive method for data providers who do not want to re-build their own repositories but continue to make their data available through structured, non-standardized websites. In these cases, we can set up automated processes for resource harvesting, metadata creation, and integration into the disciplinary repository. This is a win-win situation for both data providers and repositories, as the repository collections and users are growing in symbiosis. Data providers do not have to engage in the provision of costly web upkeep and searching mechanisms and yet they are able to ensure wider access to their materials and increased visibility and publicity for the constituencies and organizations they represent.
+1. School of Information Resources and Library Science. <>.
+2. Arizona Health Sciences Library. <>.
+3. University of Arizona. <>.
+[1] Lagoze, Carl, Van de Sompel, Herbert, Nelson, Michael, and Warner, Simeon. The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting: Protocol Version 2.0 of 2002-06-14. <>.
+[2] Liu, X., et al. Arc: an OAI service provider for cross archive searching. In Proceedings of the First ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (Roanoke VA, June 24-28, 2001), ACM Press, New York, NY, 2001, 65-66.
+[3] OAIster. <>.
+[4] DLIST Home. <>.
+[5] Coleman, A. S. and Bracke, P. Building an international scholarly communication consortium for Library and Information Science. In Mapping Libraries and Technology Across People: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Library Automation in Educational and Research Institutions (CALIBER 2003), Edited by T.A.V. Murthy et al. Ahmedabad, India, INFLIBNET, 2003. <>.
+[6] Eprints. <>.
+[7] Apache.>.
+[8] mod-perl. <>.
+[9] MySQL. <>.
+[10] Webalizer. <>.
+[11] Paracite. <>.
+[12] CogPrints. <>.
+[13] ArXiv. <>.
+[14] Lawrence, S. Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact. Nature Web Debates. <>.
+[15] Harnad, S. 1995. The PostGutenberg Galaxy: How to get there from here. <>.
+[16] Suber, P. 2003. Removing the barriers to research: An Introduction to open access for librarians. <>.
+[17] Hitchcock, S. 2003. Metalist of open access eprint archives: The Genesis of institutional archives and independent services. ARL Bimonthly Report, 223, April. <>.
+[18] Lynch, C. 2001. Metadata harvesting and the Open Archives Initiative. ARL Bimonthly Report, 217, August. <>.
+[19] Hitchcock, S. Developing services for open eprint archives: globalisation, integration, and the impact of links. <>.
+[20] Bergmark, D., Lagoze, C., and Sbityakov, A. Focused crawls, tunneling and digital libraries. In European Conference on Digital Libraries 2002. <>.
+[21] Liu, X,
+Maly, K, Xubair, M, and Nelson, M. 2001. Arc - An OAI Service Provider
+for Digital Library Fedeeration. D-Lib Magazine 7 (4): April.
+<doi:10.1045/april2001-liu>.
+[22] Association of Research Libraries. <>.
+[23] GNU WGET. <>.
+[24] Sathish, K. Maly, K., Zubair, M. and Liu, X. 2003. RVOT: a tool for making collections OAI-PMH compliant. Russian Conference on Digital Libraries, 2003. <>.
+[25] DLIST Non-OAI Resources Integration Suite. <>.
+Top | Contents
+Search | Author Index | Title Index | Back Issues
+Previous Article | Conference Report Home | E-mail the Editor
+D-Lib Magazine Access Terms and Conditions
+doi:10.1045/july2004-coleman
+Project 2019 MAIN MENU
+Name Withheld By Request
+Reading the attached article makes me believe there are only two possibilities. One: blacks are stupid, soulless animals. Or two: everything you are saying about Project 2019 is 100% true.
+Slayings increasing among young black males, study finds
+Study finds 39% rise since 2000
+By Jay Lindsay | Associated Press
+December 29, 2008
+BOSTON —: an increase of more than 39 percent in the number of black males age 14-17 killed from 2000 to 2007, and an increase of 34 percent in the number of blacks in that age group who committed homicide. The increases for white male teens age 14-17 during that same period were nearly 17 percent and 3 percent, respectively.
+The report also noted that guns were overwhelmingly the weapon of choice for young black offenders and are now used in nearly 85 percent of homicides they commit.
+Rev. Jeffrey Brown, executive director of the anti-crime Ten Point Coalition in Boston, said the spike in fatal shootings by and on black youths "bears out what I see on the streets every day."
+"The victim and perpetrators of gun crimes are getting younger and younger," he added.
+Fox called for an infusion of government money to beef up police and restore mentor, sports, after-school and summer programs that withered as federal money redirected from cities to homeland security after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.
+Recent crime statistics show a drop in overall crime and murder rates from 2006 to 2007, the most recent year for which data were available.
+The numbers represent a vast improvement over those from the 1990s, when the emergence of crack cocaine fueled an explosion in violence, the Northeastern report said. In 1993, about 225 out of every 100,000 blacks age 14-17 committed homicide, compared with 81 out of 100,000 in 2007. But that's an increase from the year 2000, when the number was 66 out of every 100,000 blacks.
+Kathleen Howard : Memphis, TN
+I have read all the updated excerpts from the "Project 2019" book that are available on the Web site and I am so impressed by the message of Project 2019. I have also learned a great deal about black America's history and I now have a better understanding of why we have the problems that we have and why Project 2019 is the only way to fix them. Please let me know as soon as the revised edition of the book is available. I want to be first in line to get a copy.
+Kathleen Howard : Memphis, TN
+I never had any doubts about the value of Project 2019. I only hope that the success of Barack Obama will convince other blacks that Project 2019 is exactly what black America needs.
+DENVER --- Intent on dismantling affirmative action, activists consultant Ward Connerly, who has successfully promoted similar measures in California, Michigan and Washington. Supporters of affirmative action say the initiatives will be tough to block, given that Connerly has a proven ability to raise funds.
+Dan Roseman : Chicago, IL
+Here is another one of the millions of reasons why we need Project 2019. (Article from the Chicago Tribune, Nov. 13, 2007)
+STUDY : Black, white families' income gap grows
+The income gap between black and white families has grown, says a new study that tracked the incomes of by gains among black women.
+"Overall, incomes are going up. But not all children are benefiting equally from the American dream," said Julia Isaacs of the Brookings Institution.
+Isaacs compiled the reports for the Economic Mobility Project, a collaboration of senior economists and researchers from four Washington think tanks. The project is funded and managed by The Pew Charitable Trusts.
+I don't know whether you all have seen the Black Think Tank that Tavis Smiley hosts on C-SPAN every year, but it is powerful food for thought. Here are a few of the things learned at the Black Think Tank.
+Facts:
+1. The first Americans or Native Americans going back to 13,000 BC were black! Look up the Folsom people who lived in Arizona.
+2. One of the best reasons to stop our use of the term African American and say Black. A white person who was born in Africa, who moves to America gather.
+Wow! We have much work to do! While we see lots of ghetto fabulous images all around, change has to begin with each of us...keep laying the foundation of excellence (spiritually, mentally and physically) and our children will take it to the next level with the help of God and many, many prayers!
+SHARE THIS WITH BLACK FRIENDS, FAMILY AND ASSOCIATES!!!
+Dennis G Nicholes
+Webmaster/Systems Technician
+Sandra Brown : President, Howard University Alumni Association (HUAA)
+"As I wrote earlier, I was to attend (and did) an "HBCU Stakeholders" Meeting. I facilitated a discussion on HBCU student graduation rates. Read for yourself the alarming state of affairs for HBCU students, especially our Alma Mater.
+The discussion comments ranged greatly; however, most believe that ranking is determined by admission practices. Schools with a liberal admission practice tend to rank lower. On the other hand, schools ranking high practice a more restrictive admission program.
+The situation calls for more action from alumni. What will be your next step?"
+(Note: Ms. Brown's comments are in reference to the following article. Ms. Brown is not the author of the article.)
+(Excerpts from "The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education." The entire article is available at :)
+BLACK STUDENT COLLEGE GRADUATION RATES INCH HIGHER BUT A LARGE RACIAL GAP PERSISTS
+.... 43 , states."
+Loretta Love Huff : Emerald Harvest Consulting, LLC
+The following article provides additional fuel for the case that Project 2019 is making.
+"Average Income Increase for College Grads" by Imani Josey (The Hilltop, Howard University)
+"College graduates are seeing an income increase in recent years. According to new census information, adults with a bachelor’s degree average more than $20,000 a year than those who have only attained a high school diploma or GED."
+(Follow the link below to read the entire article.)
+Bryan Sanford : Detroit, MI
+After being alerted to this matter by my church pastor, I was impressed to do some further research. Attached is a link to a "YouTube" site that will inform you of all you need to know about the utter lack of humanity that is taking place in Sudan and Darfur. PLEASE take the time to:
+(1) send this information to every person that you know
+(2) write or call your Congressman to register a compliant
+(3) be as creative and thoughtful as you can in determining how you can best increase the awareness of this grave problem that has existed in Sudan and Darfur for, at least, the past 3 years.
+Also see :
+May God bless you all and your families.
+"12 Things The Negro Must Do For Himself" : Written!
+Rodney Coates : Miami University, Ohio
+ wining.
+Please pass this email on and be sure to tune in. If you have the opportunity, this is truly worth watching"
+Curtis Brady : Chicago, IL
+"I sent in comments a couple of months ago saying that I thought Project 2019 was great but I did not know a lot about it. Since then, I have read the book and a lot of things on the Web site. I am now convinced that Project 2019 is the best thing that African-Americans have going for them and I intend to do my part. I have started talking to some people about what we can do to help. Thank you again for your work.
+(Previous comments:)
+(.")
+Christina Anderson : North Carolina
+"I saw the notice about the Project 2019 Movement radio program that is coming in June. Just so you know, I will be listening every Monday evening. I will also help to spread the word because Project 2019 is something that we really need. Thank you for doing this."
+Michael Gaines : Itasca IL
+The following is a very informative article by Tyrone D. Taborn:
+America's High Tech "Invisible Man" Standard,.
+Loretta Love Huff : Phoenix, AZ
+The following is a very informative USA Today article by Yolanda Young regarding auto maker.)
+Name Withheld By Request
+"I don't like to admit it, but there was a time when I think that I was ashamed to be an African-American. I was young and ignorant and just did not know any better. I am thankful that I got enough education and knowledge to understand that our people have nothing to be ashamed of. And thanks to Project 2019, I am turning another corner. I am beginning to understand how great my people really are and how they have the potential to be even greater. I am going to learn everything there is to know about Project 2019 and I am going to do my part. I really want to help black children to grow up being proud of who they are by teaching them all the things we had to overcome to get where we are today."
+SOBE / CABE ()
+Harvard University Scholarship is to be offered again, this year- but competition is fierce fierce and race will play a factor in favor of poor white students.!
+Please note that there are a very limited number of these scholarships and "honor" student most likely means an all "A" student in all of one's high school years as well as scoring very high on the SAT AND graduating from a high school that has a tradition of high percentages of its seniors entering college. Rural/suburban high schools will probably outweigh urban high school in Harvard's decision-making process. In addition, students interested in the sciences will probably be weighted favorably. Of course, lots of extra-curricula activities will be a major plus.
+To find out more about Harvard offering free tuition for families making less than $40,000 a year visit Harvard's financial aid web site at: ---or ---
+call the school's financial aid office at (617) 495- 1581
+( Click here for : SCHOLARSHIPS And FINANCIAL AID informatio links )
+Curtis Brady : Chicago, IL
+."
+SOBE / CABE ()
+Available Scholarships - Need More African Americans To Apply
+Even if you do not have a college-aged child at home, please share this with someone who does. Pass this scholarship information on to anyone and everyone that comes to mind. Though there are a number of companies and organizations that have donated moneys for scholarship use to
+African Americ is no need for money to beÂ.
+( Click here for : SCHOLARSHIPS And FINANCIAL AID informatio links )
+Paulette Malden : Chicago, IL
+"I want to share the following information from (BAW) regarding remarks made by Dr. Cosby on May 17, 2004."
+-------------------------------------------------
+When Bill Cosby was called to the stage of Constitution Hall last week to receive an award for his philanthropy during a Washington, D.C. gala that commemorated the 50th anniversary of the Brown v. Board of Education decision, what the comedian said was anything but funny.
+Cosby used his time on stage to applaud the sacrifices made by the civil rights activists of the 1950s and 1960s and to complain that too many blacks today are wasting away the opportunities that the Civil Rights Movement made possible for them.
+His words sparked a heated debate among blacks and a feeding frenzy among right-wing commentators who have tried to turn Cosbys remarks to their advantage. While most media reports on this matter have been based on second-hand accounts of what Cosby said, BlackAmericaWeb.com has obtained an audiotape portion of his speech to share with its readers.
+Jesse Jackson once said that Content without context is pretext. Mindful of that admonition, we offer this reality check on some of what Cosby had to say during that controversial speech.
+Bill Cosby on the Poor Verbal Skills of many Young Blacks:
+I cant even talk the way these people talk: Why you aint, where you is I dont know who these people are. And I blamed the kid until I heard the mother talk. And then I heard the father talk. Its all in the house. You used to talk a certain way on the corner and when you got in the house you switched to English. Everybody knows that at some point you switch to English, except these knuckleheads.
+Were raising our own home-grown immigrants.
+BAW Reality Check:
+Last year the College Board, which administers the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) reported that while test scores for virtually every other racial and ethnic group rose, blacks students made no progress on the exam between 2001 and 2002. Black students had the lowest average score of all groups in both the math and verbal portions of the test.
+Bill Cosby on Blacks and Crime:
+Im talking about these people who cry when their son is standing there in an orange (prison jump) suit. Where were you when he was two? Where were you when he was 12? Where were you when he was 18 and how come you dont know he had a pistol?
+Looking at the incarcerated, these people are not political prisoners. These people are going around stealing Coca-Cola. People getting shot in the back of the head over a piece of pound cake. Then werere going to embarrass your mother; plus youre gonna to get your butt kicked.
+BAW Reality Check:
+The federal Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that 12 percent of black men between the ages of 25 and 29 were in jail or prison in June 2002. Nearly 560,000 black men between the ages of 20 and 39 were incarcerated at that time.
+Bill Cosby on Out-of-Wedlock Births to Blacks:
+Grandmother, mother and great-grandmother in the same place raising children and the child knows nothing about love or respect from any one of the three of them. All the child knows is give me, give me, give me.
+Were not parenting ladies and gentlemen. Listen to these people. They are showing you whats wrong. People putting their clothes on backward; isnt that a sign of something going on wrong? Are you not paying attention? People with the hat on backwards and pants down around their crack. Isnt that a sign of something, or are you waiting for Jesus to pull his pants up?
+Isnt it a sign of something when shes got a dress on all the way up to her crack?
+BAW Reality Check:
+Sixty-eight percent of all babies born to black women in 2002 were born out of wedlock, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Vital Statistics Report.
+Carla Abram : State University of New York
+"I was wondering what is the contribution expected from Black Student Union's and African American Student Organizations in higher educatuion to Project 2019? I am currently a member of a BSU and have not heard of this from any national conference solicitation as addressing this agenda. I personally think that our students should be involved in its progress."
+Manny Lucus : "The Onion" (Volume 39 Issue 51)
+"Just."
+Remel K. Moore : Executive Director of the W.E.B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture in Accra, Ghana from 1996-2000
+"William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was an educator who believed that education was not for the intelligentsia, the well-schooled or aspiring scholar alone. His career and life was devoted to pursuing, sharing and promoting education on college campuses, but also among the community as director of publications through his writings and editorship of The Crisis, the official information organ of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
+Certainly, Dr. Du Bois believed that young minds should be challenged to think, even dangerously, if they were being creative, timely and pertinent to the challenges of today and tomorrow. He instructed students in history and economics at Atlanta University. He was strongly compelled to ensuring that the future leaders, found and bred on university campuses, were challenged by the most promising minds of the time. Yet mindful of the thirst of the African American community to be challenged with new ways of thinking about their condition and changing current circumstances, he also believed in the capacity of the so-called masses to think, coalesce around an idea, and move society forward in a positive direction thus his continuing passion to providing progressive views for the public's consumption.
+In fact, Dr. Du Bois perceived education as a companion to efforts to promote African people. "Education and work are the levers to uplift a people. Work alone will not do it unless inspired by the right ideals and guided by intelligence. Education must not simply teach work - it must teach life." Dr. Du Bois viewed the lives of African people as consumed by work with little recognition given to working people as a thinking people. When he began his life's profession and inclination as a teacher/professor and writer, he focused on Africans born in the United States. However, as early as 1898, he soon became concerned with the condition of African people worldwide with his pan Negroism exhortations rooting later Pan Africanism ideals. Not surprisingly, Dr. Du Bois ended his life while pursuing the gigantic effort of compiling the Encyclopedia Africana.
+Dr. Du Bois wrote numerous articles and more than twenty books, with the hope that by sharing his thoughts on group organization, the plight of African peoples, segregation, social injustice and so on, that individuals in communities would move towards action, change and equity. Underlying the civil rights movement, at its foundation, are the writings of Du Bois and others. The writings of Dr. Du Bois in The Crisis, other newspaper or journal articles and books could be read, reread, shared and discussed in dining rooms, churches and community centers. Dr. Du Bois was certain that education, with the purpose of instructing a nation, had to be extensively and publicly promoted through vehicles of public information. He did not underestimate the capacities of his readers to understand and react to his urging commentary. He wrote with the assumption and expectation that readers and discussants would comprehend tenets raised with perceptive and reflective consideration
+Always venturing beyond the known territory and safe boundaries, Dr. Du Bois dared to think, say and write ideals that became the structural foundations for the Niagara Movement, NAACP, Pan Africanism, world peace and nuclear disarmament while sharing and espousing socialism and communism even at the threat to his personal rights and safety. While under investigation by the United States government for his relationships with Iron Curtain leaders who held him in high regard and, no doubt, his chairmanship of the Peace Information Center, Dr. Du Bois responded affirmatively to yet another request to educate the masses, now on the African continent.
+Spanning the African World, Dr. Du Bois sought to fulfill a dream of President Dr. Kwame Nkrumah to enlighten millions of Africans of their own glorious history albeit largely absent from African peoples' written record (except by Europeans' assessments). Dr. Du Bois long-held belief in the value of the written word matched President Nkrumah's esteem for the authorship, permanence and commitment to truth-telling of Africa's history and development as could best be told by African people themselves. President Nkrumah understood the immensity if this mission. Dr. DuBois, in spite of his age, felt that he was up to the task.
+Dr. Du Bois was stimulated by the myriad of possibilities and the richness of the potential posed by this awesome task and responsibility. Living in Ghana, he focused on the work before him but never hesitated to meet and talk with school children. He continued to inspire youth with the importance of education gathering them before him in last days. Dr. Du Bois was unable to complete the Encyclopedia Africana but his life continues to be a beacon to those who would seek education as the tool to life, indeed to live life fully, education must teach life."
+Dorothy Booker : Indiana
+"I just want to say I support Project 2019. I have three sons who are seven, five, and two years old and it is nice to know that there are other prople who are also thinking about their future. I promise I will do everything that I can to make sure that my kids learn everything they can possibly learn and that they go to college. We will definitely have something to celebrate in the year 2019."
+The Purpose Of Education, By Martin L. King Jr. (Morehouse College, 1948) -- (Submitted by Mileka Aljuwani Milwaukee, WI)
+!"
+Bruce H. Edwards : Lexington, KY
+Click here to read "LeBron James, 50 Cent... Public Enemies #1" by Bruce Edwards of the Lexington, Kentucky Chapter of Project 2019. Click here for Bruce Edwards biographical information.
+Carla E. Brown : New York
+"I just ran across your website and I want to voice my agreement with your message. I can't imagine why others, especially are so-called black leaders, are not saying the same things. We can sit around and complain or we can do something positive. Project 2019 is definitely something positive. I hope all black Americans are paying attention. Project 2019 may be the only thing that will ever save black America. May God bless you and what you are trying to accomplish."
+Laurdine (Michael and Zack) : Chicago, IL
+"During Black History Month, I had the pleasure of meeting Charles Sanford (the author of "Project 2019") at a lecture he gave at Malcolm X College. After reading "Project 2019," my sixteen year old son and his friend also had the opportunity to read it. We have now decided to join the fight to help black Americans achieve "educational parity" by the year 2019. Please let us how we can help the movement."
+Raymond L. Baker : Atlanta, GA
+I have just read the information about the campaign to have "Slavery" recognized as a proper noun when referring to the 400-year ordeal of African people. This makes all the sense in the world to me and I have already started to spread the word.
+Mike Ramey : On Line Book Reviews
+Only Black America Can Save Black America
+Before you purchase a copy of Project 2019 : Socioeconomic Equality Through Formal Education by Charles E. Sanford, be warned. Its one of those books that will keep you turning the pages through an entire weekend (1998, Hundred School Publishing, USA, 219 Pages)
+Sanford does a skillful job of stating his case for true Black progress in the United States. The historical references and statistical information provided by him are easy to digest, and, if need be, easier to teach in a classroom setting. In fact, I would recommend this book be at the top of the Black History Month list for anyone serious about solutions, instead of excuses, when it comes to Black Pride and our success as a people.
+Have you ever picked up a book, and from the opening pages found that YOU had actually spoken these items to yourself or your family? One cant help but to identify with this work at that level. This twenty-year plan for our success as a people, according to Sanfords preface, was birthed during the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
+The book is composed of some 24 separate issues, ranging from slavery, racism, and our winning the Civil Rights struggle, coming up to our need to re-emphasize the value of an education to our youth. Sanford is bold enough to mention the types of critics he will likely find as the clock continues to tick towards 2019, as well as the pluses and minuses of what could happen to our people if the plan is put into motion into EVERY Black home.
+Sanfords work should be in a second edition as public interest continues to grow. It is the first work of its type in this still new millennium that is not shrill, nor condemning. It states the facts, and puts down the challenge. Either WE, as a people, are going to have to get back to demanding that our youth stay in school, or we will not achieve as a people.
+I would recommend this book for anyone with children of middle-school age and higher. This book would also find a home with some of our at risk youth, who may be either incarcerated, or on probation or parole. It will give them something more than they can find on television and the movies. It will give them hope that they can turn their lives around, and become productive citizens. I especially like how Sanford handled the voting and Affirmative Action issues. Some great food for thought and traction for real community action. For purchasing information, check out the Website:, or buzz the author at project2019@prodigy.net. You wont be sorry to make the inquiry or investment in the book.
+Phozisa Malusi : South Africa
+"I'm a 25yr old black woman. I'm a South African woman who beleives firmly that the diginity of our people will be restored by other Black people. We just have to work on the renewal of our minds. In South Africa we have what is called the Affirmation Action that is meant to fix the imbalances of the past. Yet it is still the white man that holds the managerial position and is making critical decisions about the future of the black employee. So many of our black graduates are still without jobs. So many of our brilliant and talented high school children are without scholarships and cannot further their studies. In South Africa we can boast of a democratic government but that doesn't mean much to the average black person who still struggles for a job and an education.
+I and a group of friends, would like to establish a movement called Black Youth Initiative. The purpose of which would be to promote the restoration of the culture of learning in our schools and therefore restoring the dignity of Africa. We would focus on young people in our townships by going to schools which are struggling and assist them in attaining dissent matric (grade 12)results. We hope to partner with school management and with government academic intervention programmes, we'd come up with a year long motivation and youth development programme focusing on each learner. We'd develop activities that will strengthen the learner - parent - teacher relationship ....... we'd like to call this " partnerships for change ". We believe that success starts on the inside and its reflected on the outside .... so we'd look at issues affecting the learners which are not solely academic.
+We want the poorest of the poor to believe in themselves and their abilities. We'd take them away on youth camps and come up with activities in their schools.
+We hope to use professional young people from the church, society who are engineers, attorneys, doctors, specialists in different fields. We'd invite them to talk to students, concentrating mostly on those professionals who managed to attain an education despite the apartheid and poverty. Mainly professionals who studied in conditions worse off than the current learners . We'd also like to include issues like HIV/Aids as you cannot deal with young people and not deal with their issues holistically . We hope to be partnering with large corporations that could guarantee scholarships for the students. We'd also hold workshops and seminars on issues such as entreprenuership, developing a savings culture and so on . We have so many ideas and programmes that we've drafted down. We need assistance in getting the whole programme and movement off the ground. Any help and advice you might offer would be greatly appreciated!!!
+Thank you for your time and God Bless you on your endeavours."
+Bruce Edwards : Lexington, Kentucky
+"The American Game"
+So small our slice of the American pie
+I've spent countless hours wondering why
+Why have we so little
+While others have the lion's share
+Why do foreigners take part in the harvest?
+While our cupboards remain so despairingly bare
+The reasons are many
+Too many to name
+Time is better spent finding solutions
+To compete and play the American game
+We must put a team together
+Gathering the best we can find
+Anyone not willing to get on board
+We'll pray that God will help them
+But they've made the choice to be left behind
+We can't wait any longer
+Slavery has given us a very late start
+We haven't been doing this freedom thing long
+We're basically starting with our souls and our heart
+We've been treated so shamefully
+Through our blood, sweat, and tears
+There's a lot of ground we have to make up
+We've only been free for 137 years
+In that time
+More than a few
+Have made it through
+Achieved success
+In the middle, upper-middle, and upper classes
+But what I'm talking about
+Is success for the masses
+Education is the foundation of the game
+It's chapter one in the book of rules
+The number one rule, simply stated
+The number one rule they've created
+Education is their basic way of measure
+It can never be taken away
+Education is their treasure
+It must become ours
+Its importance stressed
+From the womb and the cradle
+Our children must compete
+Education will make them able
+The team is us who'll pay the price
+Doing the right thing
+Without thinking twice
+We'll set the course
+Without selfish remorse
+Our time may be short
+Soon we'll all be dead
+So we must begin thinking two generations ahead
+We must be focused
+With undying determination
+The first order of business
+Our children's education
+( © 2001 Bruce Edwards )
+Minister Paul Scott : operationmedia@yahoo.com
+"In dealing with the patience that it took to deal with those brothers who were less culturally aware during the Black Power Era of the 60's, someone said that "every Negro is a potential Black man." In the 21st century; The Afrikan Power Era our slogan should be "every Thug is a potential Afrikan."
+It is imperative that we look at this Thug/gangsta image that has been held up as the essence of "black manhood" and more importantly the ramifications that it has for Black men, Black women and most importantly, Black children.
+If we trace the creation of the "Thug" we must, of course, start with the destruction of the black masculinity during the African Holocaust (transatlantic slave trade). Before the Africans were brought here bound in chains, they had been stripped of their manhood through an intense "seasoning" process, the horrors of which have never been fully realized by this society. Upon arrival to America, the enslaved African was treated like one of the animals of the field and was used for two purposes labor and "breeding." It has been recorded that many Black men were lynched right in front of their pregnant wives so the fear that she felt would be transferred into the unborn child. It is also said that the slave owner would sometimes snatch a black woman away from her husband in the middle of the night and make the husband watch as he brutally raped her; further stripping him of his masculinity.
+After the end of "physical" slavery instead of declining, the attack on black manhood intensified as the white man never would forget to "put the black man in his place" by constantly regarding him as "boy" regardless of the age. That is why we have so many "men" behaving as "boys" today. I have heard it said that the trend of "sagging" (walking around with your pants hanging off your behind) which many of our young people think is so cool, came about because when a white man would see a black man with his pants pulled up, he would make him drop them down because "only men were supposed to wear their pants pulled up."
+Later during the Civil Rights era while the emphasis should have been on regaining our manhood and culture, the mainstream Civil Rights groups concentrated heavily on sharing a toilet or a lunch counter with white folks. One of the main failures of the Civil Rights Movement was focusing on integration instead of the social, economic and spiritual empowerment of the Black community. We bent over backwards to love white folks while all the while hating our black selves.
+We made an attempt to recapture our Black manhood during the Black Power Era of the late 60"s and early 70's but that was quickly crushed by COINTELPRO and other attempts by the white power structure to make sure the transformation from boys to men would never take place.
+All of this has led to an internalized anger which, when coupled with the conscious or subconscious fear of white power, has produced the Thug image of today. Where the fear was too great to challenge white supremacy, head on, a pseudo-culture was created which allowed the Black man to let out his aggression without becoming a threat to the white power structure. It has also given him the ability to search for self respect in material things, clothing with the name of a white man on the label or gold medallions. The MEDIA (MisEducation Destroying Intelligent Afrikans) has been a willing ally in this endeavor with the movies that have degraded the black man from the pimp/player roles in the black exploitation movies of the early 70's ( Super Fly, the Mack) to the gangsta flix of the late 80's to the present (Menace to Society, Belly etc).
+The effect on the black community has been devastating. The reason that you have 30 something year old men acting like teenagers is because thug life has no age limit.
+When I was a rebellious teen we would laugh at anyone over 21 still "trying to be down" Because the bad boy image was seen as something that kids did. Today, every other song on the radio is about grown men trying to be Thugs/gangsters as if that is something to be proud of. Some of the rappers have sons that carry the same Thug image as their fathers (Lil Romeo and Master P) There is something very wrong with that.
+Recently, I listened to a sister on the radio telling the DJ how she needed a man with a "little Thug in him." It is sad that while the sisters of previous generations wanted a man to give her R-E-S-P-E-C-T. some of our less conscious sisters today want a man to treat them thuggishly.
+We are currently raising a generation of young people that has no sense of black culture outside of the Thug culture. When asked to name two black men who "died for the struggle" instead of naming Malcolm X and Fred Hampton they will tell you quickly Tupac Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G. Or if ask them the meaning of political prisoner they will say "Yeah, that's what they tried to do to Puff Daddy."
+What our community is missing is a complete analysis of the Thug Life phenomenon in the context of the Afrikan Liberation Struggle. We cannot let the "fear of blaming the white man for all our problems" or the fear of "preaching hate" prevent us from giving our people a correct historical analysis of the condition of Afrikan people. We must give our young people a sense of culture. We must remove the red and blue bandanna's from the heads of our children and replace them with the Afrikan Liberation colors of red, black and green. We must replace their gang signs with Black Power fists raised proudly in the air. We must replace Black self hate with black love for all black people. We must replace the desire to be a Thug with the desire to be a strong Afrikan man fighting for the LIBERATION of his people."
+(Minister Paul Scott is founder of the New Righteous Movement based in Durham North Carolina. He can be reached at operationmedia@yahoo.com)
+Christopher D. Sims : Rockford, Illinois
+"I LOVE and RESPECT what you are accomplishing through Project 2019. What you are doing, and are a part of, is unique, but mostly, NEEDED. We need education, especially Blacks, even if it is just a high school education. In Rockford, there are not a lot of opportunities for those of us who do not have at least a high school diploma.
+If our youth are not in a place where they are learning, then more than likely they are out in the streets. Some are turned off by formal education indeed, especially from an education that does not interest them or one that does not relate to them or the lives that they face. They need formal and nonformal education. Project 2019 can help with that. There is "alternative education" needed. By "alternative education" I mean education of themselves,
+especially that they do not and will not receive in the public school system. Knowledge of self.
+I applause you for what you are doing Brotha Chuck. Please keep working hard and making a difference in the lives of the youth and our lives in general. We are all one."
+Click For Additional Comments : COMMENTS
+CONTINUED
+Project 2019 MAIN MENU
+Life is pretty tough around here for a puppy these days. There are many lessons to be learned. These include learning to not get under foot, not to nip, and not to grab at hands, pants, and goat legs. The hardest lesson of all is learning play, versus not play. As a pup, he's all about play. He doesn't understand that there are 17 other critters around here expecting to be fed and tended to. On the other hand, neither do any of them. :)
+He's friendly and affectionate, smart but with a stubborn streak. To get a good photo I have be on the other side of the fence. Otherwise he's trying to crawl into my pocket. :)
+It would be considerably easier on the humans if he liked to play fetch. Oh, he'll play, but only if it's two, no more than three tosses of the ball or stick, and only if it's not more than 6 to 10 feet. Fetch is a wonderful way to exercise a dog and wear out a puppy, but he'd rather play tug or wrestle. This is okay during designated play times, but not okay when the goats are the object.
+The other thing I'd like to teach him is about barking. Barking at the goats and chickens is not okay, barking at things that don't belong here is okay. The neighbor's dog (the one that climbed the fence to wreak havoc in our pasture) barks nonstop when it's outside. Even when it's people are in the yard.
+Kris is catching on to the homestead routine pretty well. My only issue with him is that the other day I caught him with an egg. He had it between his front paws and was beginning to put the bitey on it. I got it before it broke, but I wonder if he hasn't found them before and eaten them. I have a couple of hens that insist on laying in or near the hay rack in the goat shed, rather than in their nesting boxes. Too bad chickens aren't as easy to train! At least I can deter him by closing the gate to that stall.
+What I can't deter is how quickly he's growing. Sometimes it seems as though somebody swaps our Kris for a bigger dog during the night. I confess that was something I never considered when I got him. I just knew he was the dog for us.
+What I can't deter is how quickly he's growing. Sometimes it seems as though somebody swaps our Kris for a bigger dog during the night. I confess that was something I never considered when I got him. I just knew he was the dog for us.
+Kris, 4 Months Old © April 2012 by Leigh at
+Leigh - He's adorable - I want to eat him up. Judging by those paws he's going to be a big lad :)
+Good luck with his continued training! I'm now dog-shy since our last rescue dog and even though I know we're going to eventually need a "guard / guardian" dog on the farm, I just can't go through the training right now.
+Kris looks like a big ol' snuggle bug! I can understand why you had to take the picture OUTside of the fence!
+That was the first thing I thought when I saw the picture of him: Oh my gosh, he looks so much bigger and older! I suppose dogs (and other animals, too) are just like our babies. It's such a short period that they stay "infants!" Best of luck with all the training. That's what's kept us from getting another dog right now.
+Adorable. Adorable!! Oh to have a puppy. How I would love that. Everyone on my homestead is an old lady. Me included ;)
+he's a very lucky pup..
+such a wonderful life for a dog - I love seeing pictures of all your animals
+Oh, he is so nice! I' d like to caress him.
+Dani, his mix of breeds is all big too, Pyrenees, Anatolian Shepherd, and Bernese Mountain. Can't imagine what his food bill will be by the time he's full grown, LOL
+Carolyn, I'm so sorry you had a bad experience. I've had some less than desirable dogs too, but also some good ones. You're right that he's a snuggle bug. Very affectionate.
+Mama Pea, isn't it a shame how quickly they all grow up? He's smart and I think catching on. The hardest is the barking. I fuss at him for barking at the chickens and goats. The other day though, I came up to the gate from a different direction. I didn't say anything to the animals so I startled him and he barked like crazy at me. Of course he stopped when he realized who it was, but I did praise him for barking then. Hopefully he'll get the idea!
+Jane, LOL. But then, age is all a matter of mind, if one doesn't mind, then it doesn't matter. :)
+Kyle, I'm so thankful he's getting along with them. Now that he's learning that none of them are interested in puppy play, he pretty much leaves them alone, though he still tries to get the goats to play. The only one who'll cooperate is Billy, who is still a young-un himself.
+Nelly, he'd like that! He's very soft and cuddly. :)
+He has sure grown, wow! He has the sweetest face, I bet it isn't easy to scold him and he probably thinks you want to play...I remember that when we have tried to train pups. xo
+I know about the training and a stubborn dog. My golden retriever is 10 years old but I almost got rid of her when she was about a year. Could not break her of chasing the goats, the children (and nipping them) and she even killed a chicken although she didn't eat it or draw blood so I think she was trying to play with it. I know this probably sounds like a cliche but out of desperation (and after paying a trainer who told me to have her put down) I used the techniques of Ceasar. Ya that guy on TV. She is now a great dog and my best buddy. She guards the chickens, ducks, and geese and chases the hawks. She even picks up eggs and brings them to me without harming them. She is well mannered at other peoples houses, gards the car during shopping trips and barks at strangers or when she hears the birds making unusual noises that can mean trouble. It is truly an amazing change.
+I am collecting as much information as I can for our one day homestead. Do you have all of your animals in one big pen (last picture)? I did not know you could do that...I thought they all had to be separate...don't know why I thought that come to think of it. Thank you for sharing this post.
+Leigh, Kris is beautiful. I adore his sweet face. After raising 3 large rescue dogs I have to admit the Cesar's way of training is what I always fall back on - because it works. Be consistent with your training and all will work out in the end. Try to remember Kris is a little kid with really big feet and his heart's desire is to please you. Love goes a long way in training as does a kind but firm voice. The picture of Kris surrounded by his charges is proof that you have a hard working and teachable dog. Hugs to you both.
+He's SOOOO big! You have more patience than I would.
+He is a sweetheart, but I'm concerned about him not getting any bad habits so I try to be consistent. He does want to turn everything into play!
+Sista, we don't have TV so I'm not familiar with Ceasar. I love a tried and true recommendation though so I will definitely look this guy up! Hopefully he has a book out. :)
+Natalie, it depends on several things. We do keep the bucks and does separated and Kris spends time with both groups. The chickens are free ranged and so allowed out to pasture. That said, I find it impossible to keep them where I want them. They can manage to get over the 4 foot goat fencing even with wing clipping! The chickens do get along with the goats except they will help themselves to their grain. They stay out of Kris's way (as he stays out of theirs) but they will eat his dog food. So will the goats for that matter, and they'd eat the chickens' feed and grain if they could get to it. Needless to say, everybody gets separated at feeding time. My chickens have a yard with a 6 foot fence and some folks leave their chickens penned. Goat housing is central with gates to different areas, so I have some control over where they graze and browse. The cat goes wherever he wants. :)
+Martha thanks! That's two votes for Cesar's way of training; I definitely have to look into it.
+Candace, well, it comes with the territory. :)
+He looks right at home lying by the goats and chickens! Beautiful. Sounds like he's just doing what puppies do as they learn their manners. I swear one of my dogs still thinks the goats are dogs that want to play with him - they're always running along the fence together!
+-Jaime
+P.S. I love "Cesar's Way" too!!
+No I don't remember hearing how Kris got his name before. That's so cute!
+He is getting so big and cute!
+My daughter wondered why Kris would want to crawl into your pocket, so I demonstrated with our dog... Lilly wanted to be right in my face until she picked up her toy and started chewing. Then she was fine.
+I've been checking out Cesar also because I would like for one day my dog to get along with other dogs and stop pulling on her leash.
+Awww, Kris is adorable! He'll be great once he's all trained. :)
+He is so cute.love,love ,love his naming;)
+LOL, he is adorable and sounds pure puppy!
+Oh My...Look at those legs! You might be able to strap a saddle on Kris and ride around the homestead. Or hook him up to a wagon! Such a big boy.
+Sounds like you're right on track with him training wise.
+Jaime, he's all puppy! but he's doing really well and catching on. Nice you have goats that will accommodate your dog's playfulness. :)
+Renee, so glad Lilly was willing to help with the demonstration. :) I've started to research Cesar on the internet and note a lot of folks criticize his methods. I don't know enough about his techniques to know if these are warranted, nor if the critics really know what they're doing either. I've gotten a lot of positive comments about it, and that says a lot.
+Kristi thanks! Part of it for a livestock guardian is genetic instinct. Right now he's still puppy about everything, so I'm just focusing on manners. The rest is up to "the right stuff!"
+SmithGang, thanks!
+MTS&M, he is a sweetheart. And goofy too!
+Tami, LOL. You might be right about that. Berners are used to pull carts, so maybe that will be in his future. :)
+Very cute puppy. Our dog happens to be a chicken killer. I'm sure yours will have better manners. Your farm looks great.
+it's really hard to resist them at that age, they're just too cute! but I think if you're persistent he will cop on eventually. there's nothing worse than a big dog with no manners! I love the photo behind he fence, he looks as if he's saying: hey, why don't you come in?:)
+Awwww, he's such a cutie pie! Keep these pictures around when he goes through his adolescence so you can remember how sweet he was. :)
+I'm also a fan of Cesar's methods. We have a dachshund that we found at the shelter. He had spent his life in a cage in a puppy mill and was a complete mess. Cesar's "be the pack leader" worked wonders on him. He still has a few quirks, but he's no longer the neurotic, destructive, fearful dog he once was.
+Kris is such a cutie...bless :)
+leigh he is adorable. but i thought you named after me...LOL
+I think that with all sources you should take what seems to you the most useful and feel free to disregard the rest. and of course if a source says if you don't do it all my way it won't work...then keep looking. ;o)
+Bernadine, that's pretty instinctive for a lot of dogs. That's why I waited until I could find a particular breed or mix of breeds. Kris is Bernese Mountain, Anatolian Shepherd, and Pyrenees, all livestock guardian breeds. I think genetic instincts makes a difference.
+Bettina, being a big dog means he has to have manners! LOL, he's catching on really well and I'm proud of him for that. He'd much rather be a people dog though.
+Kari, thanks! I was just looking back at "baby" pictures of him. He's grown like a horse in the two months we've had him! Thanks for the feedback on Cesar. Results mean so much more than opinion and theory.
+Tanya, thanks!
+Chris, I do like the name! It has such a pleasing sound. :)
+Renee, that's about the gist of it. The critics are so down on him that theirs is the only way. However, I saw one video clip that they were saying was appalling because he was swinging puppies around by the scruff of their necks. Turns out he picked them up by the scruff but then rotated his wrists outward so they weren't facing one another. That mindset, attacking and twisting the facts, never sells me on anything.
+He is just gorgeous though!
+Kris is a handsome boy, but you are right about big dogs needing manners! I had Akitas for years (talk about stubborn) and they were obedience trained. No question with anything that lives with me as to who the alpha is.
+In addition to Ceasar, a good book for getting a reasonable dog is the Monks of New Skete. I don't always agree with everything that Ceasar does, but he is right about any pack animal wanting to know who the boss is (and that includes our goats and sheep)
+The efficacy of 13 plant products were evaluated against chilli fruit rot and
+dieback incited by Colletotrichum capsici. Among them bulbs of A.
+sativum (20%) and A. cepa (60%) and seed extract A. indica
+60% gave complete inhibition of the pathogen and were on par with carbendazim
+(0.1%) leaf extracts of D. metel, E. globulus and P. juliflora
+at 60% concentration totally inhibited the mycelial growth of C. capsici.
+Conidial germination of C. capsici was completely inhibited by A.
+sativum 20%, E. globulus, D. metel 60% and P. juliflora
+60%. Plant products at their respective MIC=s totally inhibited the sporulation
+of C. capsici. Production of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes the
+pathogen was also inhibited maximum with fungicide carbendazim (0.1%), followed
+by A. sativum and E. globulus. The same treatments recorded maximum
+seed germination (17.74%), seedling vigour and maximum control of disease incidence.
+Pots treated with A. sativum (20% conc.) recorded higher yield and fruit
+characters such as increased fruit length (43.53 cm) and fruit weight (36.19
+g).
+Science Alert
+INTRODUCTION
+Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is considered an important tropical and subtropical
+crop on the basis of high consumption, nutritional and cash values to the farmers
+and consumers both in developing and developed countries. Among them, India
+is the largest consumer and exporter of chillies in the international market
+and exports dry chilli, chilli powder and oleoresins to over 90 countries (Singhal,
+1999). It is grown in several parts of India. Although, India has a layer
+area, its productivity is low when compared to other countries. The prominent
+reason is due to the existence of dieback of fruit rot incited by Colletotrichum
+capsici a serious menance in chilli cultivation. The indiscriminate use
+of fungicides may lead to toxic residues, development of fungicide resistance
+environmental pollution and carcinogenic chilli (Rajavel,
+2000) products. In this context, a search for naturally occurring substances
+with potential biological activity continues in an increasing scale. Plant products
+are gaining importance in crop protection in view of their selective properties,
+low cast and safer alternative means to the ecosystem. The medicinal use of
+plant materials for the treatment of microbial infections has been shown to
+depend on the presence of antimicrobial chemicals. Likewise antimicrobial compounds
+present in healthy plant tissues have been regarded as an important factor in
+disease resistance (Annapurna et al., 1983).
+In the light of the above experiments were planned and conducted to study the
+effect of different plant products as source of antifungal principle against
+C. capsici.
+MATERIALS AND METHODS
+Plant material: Chilli variety K1 (susceptible to fruit rot and dieback)
+was used for pot culture studies in the entire period of investigation.
+Isolation and maintenance of the pathogen: C. capsici was isolated
+from infected chilli seeds collected from orchard, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai
+University. The seed were collected from infected fruit were surface sterilized
+with 0.1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 min and washed with three changes
+of sterile water. The seeds were placed in petridishes containing PDA medium
+and incubated at 25"28°C for seven days. The fungus was subsequently purified
+by single hyphal tip method (Ainsworth, 1961). The pure
+culture was obtained and preserved in refrigerator and subcultured once in a
+month.
+Identification of the pathogen: The morphological characters of C.
+capsici such as acevulus, setae and conidia were studied. These characters
+were compared with that of C. capsici described earlier by Singh
+et al. (1973), Ahmed (1982) and Singh
+(1995).
+Plant products used for screening against C. capsici: Thirteen
+plant products were evaluated for their antifungal effect. The selected plant
+products were taken for further studies. The plant products used for screening
+are given in Table 1. Carbendazim 50 WP at 0.1% concentration
+was used as a standard fungicide against C. capsici for comparison.
+Preparation of plant extracts
+Water extract: For the preparation of plant extracts (bulbs, leaf, rhizome,
+seed) and evaluation the method suggested by Ezhilan et
+al. (1994) was followed.
+Hot water extract: The plant material were chopped into small bits and
+plunged in required quantity of water (1:1 w/v) taken in a beaker and heated
+over water bath at 80°C for 10 min. The materials were then crushed with
+pestle and mortar and strained with a cheese cloth. It gave the standard plant
+hot water extract (100%). After extraction, they were subjected to low centrifugation
+(2000 rpm for 20 min) and the clear supernatant was used.
+In vitro evaluation of antifungal effect of plant products on the
+growth of C. capsici: PDA medium was prepared in 250 mL Erlenmeyer
+flasks and sterilized. Aqueous extracts of 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mL were added
+to 45, 40, 30, 20 and 10 mL of aliquots, respectively in flasks so as to get
+the final concentration of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the extracts in the medium.
+Carbendazim 0.1% concentration in the medium was used for comparison. PDA medium
+without any extract served as control. The medium was poured in to 90 mm Petri
+plates at the rate of 15 mL plate-1. The fungal culture disc of nine
+mm size obtained from a seven days old culture were taken and inoculated in
+the centre of Petri plates aseptically and incubated for seven days. The diameter
+of the colony was measured when the mycelium fully covered the Petri plates
+of any one of the treatments.
+The % inhibition of growth was calculated as per Vincent
+(1947) for each treatment and expressed:
+Where:
+In vitro evaluation of antifungal effects of plant products on the
+growth of C. capsici in liquid medium: Potato dextrose broth was
+prepared in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks and autoclaved. Aqueous extracts of 5,
+10, 20, 30 and 40 mL were added to 45, 40, 30, 20 and 10 mL of broth in flasks
+so as to get the final concentration of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the extracts
+in broth. All the flasks were inoculated with 9 mm culture disc and incubated
+28±1°C for 10 days. Carbendazim 0.1% was added to the broth for comparison.
+Broth without any extract served as control. Three replications were maintained
+for each treatment. After the incubation period the mycelial mat was harvested
+on a previously weighed filter study and dried at 105°C for 48 h in hot
+air oven cooled in desiccator and the mycelial weight was recorded and expressed
+in mg 50 mL-1 broth.
+In vitro effect of antifungal effect of plant products on the germintaion
+of conidia of C. capsici
+Cavity slide method: Antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of plant
+products on spore germination of C. capsici were assayed by cavity slide
+method. Test extracts 0.05 and 0.05 mL of spore suspension (2000-3000 spores
+mL-1) of the test fungus estimated using a haemocytometer were mixed
+in a cavity slide and incubated for 24 h in Petri dish glass bridge moist chamber
+at 25±2°C. Cavity slide with sterile distilled water were treated as control.
+Three replications were kept for each treatment. Observations were taken from
+20 microscopic fields for each slide and total number of conidia germinated
+in each microscopic fields was recorded and percent germination was calculated.
+In vitro evlauation of antifungal activity of plant products on the
+sporulation of C. capsici: Antifungal activity of plant products
+on the sporulation of C. capsici was determined by the method of Bera
+and Saha (1983). Aqueous plant extracts containing medium was poured into
+Petri dishes plates aseptically at 15 mL plate-1. Fungal disc of
+9 mm size was inoculated in the centre of Petri plates and incubated at 28±1°C
+for seven days. Three replications were maintained for each treatment. Suitable
+control was maintained. A single mycelial disc from the growing point was removed
+with a aid of a sterile cork borer and transferred to 1 mL sterile distilled
+water and shaken vigorously. A drop of spore suspension was placed on a glass
+slide and number of spores produced was recorded.
+Effect of storage on the fungitoxic nature of selected plant products on
+growth of C. capsici: The aqueous extracts of plant products were
+taken in sterilized bottles and stored at room temperature for 9 days. One set
+of extracts was kept in closed bottles and another set in open bottles. The
+antifungal activity of extracts was tested at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9th day of storage.
+Effect of plant products on the in vitro production of cellulolytic
+and pectinolytic enzymes of C. capsici
+Preparation of enzyme source: Czapeaks broth devoid of
+sucrose and supplemented with 0.3% carboxy methyl cellulose for cellulolytic
+enzymes or 3% pectin for pectinolytic enzymes was prepared. The medium was distributed
+in 40 and 20 mL quantities in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flakshs. After autoclaving,
+the plant products were added separately at the rate of 10 and 30 mL, respectively
+so as to get 20 and 60% final concentration. Carbendazim at 0.1% concentration
+in the medium was used for comparison. Broth without any extract served as control.
+Three replications were maintained for each treatment. The flasks were inoculated
+with 9 mm culture disc and incubated at 28±2°C. After 15 days of incubation,
+the mycelial mat were harvested. The filtrates were centrifuged at 2100 rpm
+for 30 min to remove the spores and the solution was retained for assay.
+Cellulolytic enzymes
+Cellulose C1 (Norkrans, 1950):
+The reactor mixture consisted of 1.0 mL of cellulose suspension (the concentration
+of which was adjusted approximately to 0.85 absorbance at 620 nm), 4.0 mL of
+0.2 M sodium acetate acetic acid buffer at pH 5.6 and 5 mL of culture filtrate.
+The absorbance of the mixture was determined immediately at 620 nm in the calorimeter
+and incubated at room temperature ( 28±1°C). At the end of 24 h the absorbance
+was again measured and the enzyme activity was expressed as units (1 unit =
+0.01 absorbance at 620 nm), calculated as to difference in absorbance.
+Cellulase (Cx) (Hussain and Diamond, 1960):
+The activity of cellulase (endo glucanase) can be estimated by loss in viscosity
+of the cellulosic substrate using Ostwald-Fenske viscometer (150 size with efflux
+time of 20 sec for double distilled water). Carboxy methyl cellulose of 0.5%
+concentration was prepared in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer at pH 48 and
+pipetted out 4 mL of CMC, 1 mL of the buffer and 2 mL of enzyme substrate and
+transferred into Ostwald-Fenske viscometer and kept in water bath at 30±1°C.
+The contents were mixed and the efflux time at fixed interval (2 h) was determined.
+The percent loss in viscosity was calculated through the following equation:
+Where:
+Pectinolytic enzymes (Mahadevan and Sridhar, 1986)
+Polygalactouronase (PG): The PG enzyme activity was measured by the loss
+in viscosity of sodium polypectate in sodium acetate-acetic acid buffer at pH
+5.2. One mililitter of buffer and immediately transferred to Ostwald-Fenske
+viscometer (size 150) placed in a water bath at 30±1°C. Viscosity losses
+were measured and percent loss in viscosity was calculated as detailed earlier.
+Culture filtrates without test compound served as control.
+Pectin transeliminase (PTE): The activity of PTE was determined by viscosity
+loss of 1% citrus pectin. The reaction mixture consisted of 4 mL of 1% citrus
+pectin in 0.2 mL of culture filtrate. The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted
+to 8.6 and immediately transferred to ostwalol. Fenske viscometer (size 150)
+and the loss in viscosity was determined as detailed above.
+Polygalacturonase-tran-eliminase (PGTE): The activity of enzyme PGTE
+was determined by the viscosity loss of sodium polypectate dissolved in boric
+acid borax buffer at pH 8.6, 1 mL of buffer (at pH 8.6) and 2 mL of culture
+filtrate was added and immediately transferred to Oswald-Fenske viscometer (size
+150) and loss in viscosity was determined as detailed earlier.
+Effect of plant products on the in vitro production of toxin by C.
+capsici: Czapek=s broth was prepared, distributed in 40 and 20 mL quantities
+in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and autoclaved. The extracts were added separately
+at the rate of 10 and 30 mL so as to get the final concentration of 20 and 60.
+Carbendazim at 0.1% concentration used for comparison. Broth without any extract
+served as control. Three replications were maintained. The flasks were inoculated
+each with nine mm culture disc and incubated for 15 days at room temperature
+( 28±1°C). After the incubation period was over the culture filtrates were
+filtered through Whatman No. 1 filter paper and filtrate was retained for assay.
+Seed germination bioassay: Seed germination inhibition of toxin of
+C. capsici was studied by following Ludwig (1957)
+method. Seeds of paddy, blackgram and sorghum were used in the study.
+The seeds were first soaked in sterile distilled water, surface sterilized
+with 0.1% mercuric chloride and washed repeatedly with sterile distilled water.
+The seeds were soaked separately in culture filtrates at respective concentration
+for 6 h. Twenty seeds were than transferred to sterile Petri plates lined with
+sterile blotting paper into which 5 mL of the respective culture filtrates were
+added. Petri dishes with sterile water served as control. After three days of
+incubation the seed germination was recorded.
+Effect of seed treatment with individual plant products on seed germination,
+growth and vigour of chilli seedlings: Water extracts of selected plant
+products at 20 and 60% concentration were prepared as described earlier. Chilli
+(var K1) seeds were soaked in their for six hours. Seeds soaked in distilled
+water served as control. Carbendazim 0.1% concentration was employed as standard
+seed treatment fungicide for comparison. By following roll towel method (ISTA,
+1976) the seed germination, seedling growth and vigour were observed.
+Roll towel method (ISTA, 1976): The germination
+paper used was soaked in water for 2 to 4 h to moist in evenly and to remove
+water soluble toxic substances of present. The treated seeds were placed equidistantly
+between two sheets of paper towel (27H20 cm) rolled carefully ensuring no pressure
+on seed, wrapped in polythene sheet to reduce surface evaporation and kept in
+germination chamber an upright position. Each treatment was replicated thrice.
+They where incubated at room temperature for 7 days and the following observation
+were made.
+Evaluation of plant products against fruit rot of chilli caused by C.
+capsici
+Pot culture trial: The pot culture experiment was carried out
+in the glass house at Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture,
+Annamalai University. The pot culture experiment consisted of 6 treatments.
+Each treatment was replicated thrice. The details of the pot culture experiment
+are given below:
+Variety: Certified seeds of K1 were collected from Regional Research
+Station, Kovilpati are used.
+Characters of K1:
+Seedling: The raised nursery bed with 2 m breadth and 5 m length was
+prepared. The seeds were sown in line. The nursery was watered regularly. Fifty
+five days old seedlings were transplanted to pots. Irrigation and fertilization
+were done as per schedule.
+Preparation of pathogen inoculum: The spore suspension of the isolate
+was prepared in sterile distilled water from 10 days old culture grown on Czepek=s
+agar slants. The spore suspensions were diluted with sterile distilled water
+in order to contain approximately 2000 to 3000 spores mL-1.
+Inoculation of plants: Chilli plants 105 days old were used for inoculation.
+The plants were sprayed with sterile water before inoculation. The conidial
+suspension was sprayed over plant parts by using an atomizer early in the late
+evening. Control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water.
+Spraying of plant products: First spraying was done 10 days after inoculation
+and subsequent spraying done at 15 days intervals. The disease intensity was
+assessed on seventh day after each spraying. Carbendazim at 0.1% concentration
+was used for comparison.
+Observation: The following observation were taken:
+Disease index: The fruits were grouped into >0= to >4= grade based
+on the scale followed by Bansal and Grover (1969) :
+Yield: The ripe fruits of chillies were harvested on 150th, 160th and
+170th days after transplanting. The weight of fresh fruits was recorded and
+the yield was expressed in g pot-1. The effect of plant products
+on fruit length and fruit weight was also studied.
+RESULTS
+Isolation of Colletotrichum capsici: The pathogen was isolated
+from diseased fruits of chilli and identified as C. capsici on the basis
+of morphological studies. The pathogen was purified and maintained in pure culture
+on PDA slants.
+Acervulus: Acervulus was circular to saucer shaped with
+dark brown to black setae. The acervulus was 59-115 μm in diameter.
+Setae: Setae were dark brown to black in colour erect
+and tapering towards the apex. Length of setae measure 70.1-180.6 μm.
+Conidia: Conidia were sickle shaped, single celled, hyaline, smooth
+walked with a central oil globule. Width of conidia measured 16.8H3.6 μm.
+Study of pathogenicity: Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by inoculation
+of the culture to red healthy fruits of chilli. Symptoms developed within 16
+days of inoculation. The presence of typical small circular spots enlarged in
+long axis of fruits and in these lesions numerous black acervuli which looked
+like pin heads were found in concentric rings.
+Effect of cold water extracts of plant products on the mycelial growth of
+C. capsici: Water extracts of 13 plant species at various concentrations
+viz., 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80% on the mycelial growth of C. capsici showed
+a complete inhibition of mycelial growth of C. capsici was observed with
+carbendazim at 0.1% concentration which showed 100% reduction over control.
+Among the various plant species tested bulb extracts of A. sativum at
+20% and A. cepa at 60% concentration totally inhibited the mycelial growth
+of C. capsici and was on par with carbendazim. Seed extract of Azadirachta
+indica at 60% concentration also totally inhibited the mycelial growth of
+C. capsici.
+In case of leaf extracts Datura melel, Eucalyptus globulus and
+Prosoptis juliflora at 60%, Acalypha indica, Vitex negundo
+and Tectona grandis at 80% concentration totally inhibited the mycelial
+growth of C. capsici and were on par with carbendazim.
+The extracts of Bougainvilla spectabilis, Lawsonia inermis,
+Pongamia glabra and Zingiber officinale were not at all effective
+against the test fungus (Table 2).
+Effect of hot water extracts of selected plant products on mycelial growth
+of C. capsici: The effect of hot water extract of four selected plant
+products at 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80% concentration and of the fungicide carbendazim
+at 0.1% concentration on the mycelial growth of C. capsici (Table
+3) revealed that carbendazim (0.1%) recorded complete inhibitory effect
+against C. capsici.
+Among the four plant products tested, A. sativum bulk extract (20%)
+alone was found to retain its total inhibitory effect while other extracts showed
+greater loss of toxicity when extracted with hot water of selected plant products.
+Effect of cold water extracts on the mycelial dry weight of C. capsici:
+A. sativum at 20% concentration and E. globules at 80% concentration
+recorded the complete inhibition and they were on par with carbendazim at 0.1%
+when compared to control, all the treatments gave appreciable reduction in mycelial
+dry weight of the fungus (Table 4).
+Effect of hot water extracts of plant prodcuts on the mycelial dry weight
+of C. capsici: Among the plant products A. sativum at 20%
+concentration and E. globules at 80% concentration recorded the complete
+inhibition and they were on par with carbendazim at 0.1% (Table
+5). When compared to control, all the treatments gave appreciable reduction
+in mycelial dry weight of the fungus.
+Effect of plant products on the conidial germination and sporulation of
+C. capsici: A. sativum bulb extract at 20% concentration completely
+inhibited the spore germination while E. globulus needed 40% concentration
+for complete inhibition of spore germination of C. capsici (Table
+6). D. metel and P. juliflora at 60%concentration completely
+inhibited the spore germination of C. capsici they were on par with carbendazim.All
+treatments differed significantly over control.
+A. sativum at 20%, E. globulus at 40%, D. metel and
+P. juliflora at 60% and carbendazim at 0.1% concentration completely
+inhibited the sporulation of C. capsici when compared to control.
+Effect of storage on fungitoxic nature of plant products on the mycelial
+growth of C. capsici: None of the plant products retained the inhibitory
+effect for 9 days of storage. In lid closed condition, all the extracts retained
+its toxicity for 7 days only, thereafter the toxicity decreased. In lid opened
+containers D. metel, E. globules and P. juliflora were
+found to start losing its toxicity from fifty day of storage while in case of
+A. sativum extract the toxicity was found to start losing its toxicity
+from seventh day of storage (Fig. 1).
+Effect of plant products on the production of cellulolytic and pectinolytic
+enzymes by C. capsici: All the treatments significantly reduced the
+production of cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes of C. capsici when
+compared to control. The fungicide carbendazim (0.1%) recorded maximum inhibition
+(Table 7 and 8).
+Among the plant products A. sativum, E. globulus, P. juliflora
+and D. metel inhibited the cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzyme production
+of C. capsici in a decreasing order of merit.
+Effect of toxin production of C. capsici on seed germination (inhibition
+assay) as influenced by plant products: The culture filtrates of all treatments
+and control affected, the seed germination of all seeds tested (Fig.
+2). Good seed germination was recorded with carbendazim (0.1%) and uninoculated
+control, follwed by A. sativum bulb extract and E. globulus extract.
+Effect of plant products on the seed germination and growth of seedling
+of chilli: All the treatments showed stimulatory effect on seed germination
+and growth of seedlings when compared to control. Among the various plant products
+tested A. sativum followed by E. globulus showed maximum seed
+germination and seedling growth. Highest vigour index was observed in fungicide
+carbendazim (0.1%) (Fig. 3).
+Effect of cold water extract of selected plant products on the incidence
+of chilli fruit rot under pot culture condition: The results indicated that
+carbendazim (0.1%) recorded the minimum disease incidence (17.74%). Among the
+plant products tested, A. sativum recorded minimum disease incidence
+(24.07%) followed by E. globulus (27.84%) and A. sativum recorded
+the highest yield with 51.09% increase over control which was on par with carbendazim
+at 0.1% (53.31%) increase in yield over control (Table 9).
+Effect of plant products and the incidence of chilli fruit rot on the yield
+parameters of chilli under pot culture condition: Among the various plant
+products tested A. sativum extract recorded increased fruit length and
+fruit weight by 43.53 and 36.19%, respectively over control and was on par with
+carbendazim at 0.1% concentration (Table 10).
+DISCUSSION
+Chilli cultivation is being affected by a number of diseases caused by fungi,
+bacteria and viruses. Among them, fruit rot caused by C. capsici is a
+serious malady in major chilli growing areas. Indiscriminate use of synthetic
+chemicals has led to several problems like residual toxicity, environmental
+pollution and induced resistance in pathogens. So, pathologist are now being
+directed towards the use of eco-friendly technologies for disease management,
+among which biological method forms one of the important components.
+Plant product appears to be a good reservoir of effective chemotherapeutant
+and would constitute an inexhaustible source of harmless pesticides. Application
+of plant products in plant disease management is emerging as an acceptable method
+and many workers have used plant products against several pathogenic fungi (Natarajan
+and Lalithakumar, 1987; Mohan and Ramakrishnan, 1991;
+Babu et al., 2000). In the present study 13
+plant species were screened for their fungitoxicity, if any against C. capsici
+the incitant of fruit rot of chilli.
+Morphological characters of C. capsici such as Acervulus, Setae
+and Conidia were sickle shaped and hyaline with a central oil globule.
+The shape and size of all these characters are in agreement with those described
+by Singh et al. (1973), Ahmed
+(1982) and Singh (1995).
+Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by artificial inoculation of the pure
+culture to the red fruits of chilli. Typical small circular spots enlarged in
+long axis of the fruits with black acerouli pin like heads in concentric rings
+were observed. These symptoms are in agreement with Chowdhery
+(1957) and Kannan et al. (1998).
+Among the plant species tested, the cold water extracts of bulbs of A. sativum
+(20%) and A. cepa (60%) recorded complete inhibition of mycelial growth
+of C. capsici. Seed extract of A. indica at (60%) concentration
+also recorded complete inhibition of mycelial growth.
+Among the leaf extracts, cold water extracts of D. metel, E. globulus,
+P. juliflora at 60% concentration and A. indica, V.
+negundo and T. grandis at 80% concentration totally inhibited the
+mycelial growth of C. capsici. The most effective and easily available
+four plant products viz., A. sativum, E. globulus, P. juliflora
+and D. metel were selected for further studies.
+In case of hot water extracts of selected plant products A. sativum
+recorded complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 20% concentration thus proving
+thermostability. But for other treatments there was considerable loss of toxicity
+upon hot water extraction. Among the four selected plant products, the cold
+water extract of A. sativum (20%) recorded complete inhibition of mycelial
+dry weight. From the present findings, it can be concluded that among the13
+plant products screened four had no effect on the test fungus. Remaining nine
+were found to inhibite the mycelial growth to varying degrees. The difference
+in inhibitory effect of various plant products may be due to qualitative and
+quantitative differences in the antifungal principles present in them. The presence
+of antibiotic like substances in plant products was reported by
+Nene and Thapliyal (1965), Blakeman and Atkinson (1979)
+and Adeleye and Ikolin (1989).
+There are several reports on the antifungal activity of A. sativum,
+E. globulus, P. juliflora and A. sativum bulb extract inhibited
+the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici (Tariq
+and Magee, 1990; Raja, 1995); F. solani f.
+sp. phaseoli (Russel and Mussa, 1977); Venturia
+inequalis (Gilliver, 1947); F. moniliforme
+(Gohil and Vala, 1996); Macrophomina phaseolina
+(Rani, 1999) and C. capsici (Krishnakumar,
+2002) etc. Singh et al. (1997) reported
+that extract of A. sativum inhibited the growth and spore germination
+of C. capsici. The extracts of E. globulus were effective against
+Rhizoctonia solani (Ezhilan, 1998) and Pythium
+aphanidermatum (Thiruvudainambi, 1993). Leaf extract
+of S. toruvum, D. metel and P. juliflora were found to
+inhibit the mycelial growth of C. capsici (Gomathi
+and Kannabiran, 2000). Sunderraj et al. (1996)
+recorded inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani by A. sativum
+and P. juliflora at 10% concentration.
+Dubey (1981) stated that effectively of plant extracts
+depend upon the nature and amount of active principle contained. Stoll
+and Seebeck (1951) reported that A. sativum bulb contained allicin
+(dialkyl thiosulphate) which was responsible for the fungitoxicity. Allicin,
+a major constituent of A. sativum containing sulphur showed strong toxic
+properties against several bacterial and fungi (Skinner,
+1955). El-Sayeed et al. (1985) found that
+steroidal alkaloids like saponins in Eucalyptus sp. were responsible
+for its toxicity.
+Among the cold and hot water extracts cold water extracts were found to be
+superior over hot water extracts. The slight loss in inhibitory effect of plant
+extracts might be due to its inability to withstand the increase in temperature.
+All treatments significantly inhibited the sporulation and conidial germination
+of C. capsici when compared to control. Carbendazim 0.1% concentration
+completely inhibited the sporulation and conidial germination.
+A. sativum extract at 20% concentration and E. globulus at 40%
+concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination D. metel
+and P. juliflora at 60% concentration completely inhibited the spore
+germination of C. capsici. All the treatments recorded complete inhibition
+of sporulation of various pathogens (Gillver, 1947;
+Misra and Dixit, 1979; Jaganathan
+and Narsimhan, 1988; Wilson et al., 1997).
+Singh et al. (1997) observed that extracts from
+bulbs of garlic and onion and leaves of A. indica, P. glabra and
+T. erecta showed complete inhibition of C. capsici spore germination.
+Gomathi and Kannabiran (2000) found that leaf extracts
+of Solanum torvum, D. metel and P. juliflora effectively
+inhibited the conidial germination of C. capsici and Gloeosporum piperatum.
+Mathan et al. (2008) reported that reduction
+in spore germination and growth rate of the test fungi due to treatment of natural
+of product may be due to the presence of inhibitory substances. These are in
+agreement with our findings.
+All the plant products retained their toxicity upto 7 days of storage. Kurucheve
+et al. (1997) reported that in C. pulcherrimma inhibitory
+activity was not lost even after 9 days of storage. Moore
+and Atkins (1977) observed slight decomposition under storage condition
+affects the fungicidal effect might be due to the transformation of active compound
+to inactive a compounds by reaction with atmosphere (Lapis
+and Dumancas, 1978).
+All the treatments significantly reduced the production of both the enzymes
+of C. capsici when compared to control. Umalkar
+et al. (1976) reported that the inhibitory effect of extracts of
+Acacia nilotica on the enzyme production of some pathogenic fungi may
+be due to phenolic compound present in them. Aqueous extracts of garlic bulb
+inhibited the cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzyme activity of P. aphanidermatum,
+Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and M. phaseolina
+(Raja, 1995). The enzymes of C. capsici was inhibited
+by Datura metel leaf extract (Asha and Kannabiran,
+2001). These findings lend support to the present study. The inhibitory
+effect of D. metel leaf extract might be due to the phenolic compound
+or some other compounds present in them (Umalkar et
+al., 1976).
+Culture filtrates from all the treatments affected the seed germination of
+all seeds tested, good seed germination was recorded with carbendazim (0.1%)
+and uninoculated control. There was remarkable inhibition of seed germination
+in seeds treated with culture filtrate from control flasks also. This showed
+that toxin produced by anthracnose fungus was not host specific. Goodman
+(1959) demonstrated that the toxin produced by C. fuscum was non-specific.
+Toxins play a major role in the physiology of pathogenesis of all major groups
+of plant pathogens. The culture filtrate of C. capsici inhibited the
+germination of chilli seeds (Narain and Das, 1970).
+The suppression of the growth of chilli seedlings might be due to the specific
+toxin released by the pathogen in the culture media (Jeyalakshmi
+and Seetharaman, 1998).
+All the treatments showed stimulatory effect on the seed germination and growth
+of seedlings when compared to control. Fungicide carbendazim (0.1%) showed the
+maximum seed germination and growth of seedlings. Among the various plant products
+tested, A. sativum followed by E. globulus showed maximum seed
+germination and seedling growth. Eswaramoorthi et al.
+(1988) observed stimulatory when paddy seeds were soaked with Pudhina extract.
+Seeds soaked in A. sativum bulb extract increased the germination, shoot
+length, root length and vigour of various seedlings (Padmavathi,
+1994; Sunderraj et al., 1996; Raja,
+1995; Sivaprakash, 1998; Santhoshkumar,
+2000; Krishnakumar, 2002) and is line with our findings.
+The present investigation clearly indicated that foliar application of four
+selected plant products as well as fungicide carbendazim at 0.1% concentration
+checked the fruit rot disease incidence significantly.
+The use of plant products as foliar spray in disease management were made by
+several researchers (Salama et al., 1988; Singh
+et al., 1990; Babu et al., 2000).
+In the present study the results obtained from the pot culture experiment conducted
+for fruit rot incidence indicated that among the plant products, A. sativum,
+D. metel, P. juliflora and E. globulu have the potential
+efficiency in the protection of chilli plant against C. capsici. The
+future of using plant products is promising because they are less expensive
+and less hazardous to the environment.
+PoliticsNation, Monday, December 19th, 2011
+Read the transcript from the Monday show
+Guests: Jim McDermott, Jared Bernstein, Randi Weingarten, Bob Shrum, Perry
+Bacon, Don King, Tamika Mallory
+REV. AL SHARPTON, HOST: Republicans have found a tax cut they don`t
+like. The bad news -- there goes your tax cut.
+Tonight, Tea Party revolts. So will taxes now go up on the middle
+class?
+And did you know Willard Mitt Romney makes as much as $13 million a
+year for a job he doesn`t even have anymore? Hey, I`ll vote for him if
+everyone can get that deal.
+And forget flavor of the month. Republicans are about to have a Ron
+Paul moment. Are they ready for it?
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+REP. RON PAUL (R-TX), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: I think gold is a good
+insurance policy, and I personally buy my gold to protect my family.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+PAUL: I`m for seat belts, but against seat belt laws.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+PAUL: As far as I`m concerned, I don`t think we need a Department of
+Education.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Welcome to POLITICS NATION. I`m Al Sharpton.
+Tonight`s lead, it looks like a Christmas miracle, Republicans
+actually backing a plan to help the middle class. But not so fast, folks.
+The Tea Party is holding the conversation hostage once again.
+Later tonight, House Republicans are expected to vote down a bill that
+would keep money in the pockets of 160 million Americans and extend
+unemployment benefits for all those struggling to find work in this
+country. This was supposed to be easy. In fact, 89 members of the Senate
+voted in favor of it, including 39 Republicans.
+This weekend, Speaker Boehner even called it "a good deal" and "a
+victory." But apparently the Tea Party has changed the Speaker`s mind,
+because suddenly, helping the middle class isn`t a good deal.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+REP. JOHN BOEHNER (R-OH), HOUSE SPEAKER: We oppose the Senate bill
+because doing a two-month extension instead of a full-year extension causes
+uncertainty for job creators. A two-month extension creates uncertainty
+and will cause problems for people who are trying to create jobs in the
+private sector.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Do you know what causes a lot more uncertainty? Raising
+taxes at a time when 146 million Americans are living in poverty or low
+income.
+Do you know what else raises uncertainty? Telling six million people
+out of work that they might lose unemployment insurance six days before
+Christmas.
+Speaker Boehner, 160 million Americans are depending on you. Will you
+ignore them because of 60 Tea Partiers in your caucus?
+Joining me now is Congressman Jim McDermott, Democrat from Washington,
+and Jared Bernstein, an MSNBC contributor and former chief economist for
+Vice President Biden.
+Thank you both for being here tonight.
+JARED BERNSTEIN, MSNBC CONTRIBUTOR: Sure.
+REP. JIM MCDERMOTT (D), WASHINGTON: A pleasure.
+SHARPTON: Congressman, let me start with you.
+So many Americans are hurting. How can you explain to them -- let`s
+forget the beltway talk -- to the American people, how do you explain
+what`s happening in Congress right now?
+MCDERMOTT: Well, Reverend Sharpton, I discovered the motto of the
+Republican Party. They are giving the American people a lump of coal for
+Christmas.
+There is no excuse whatsoever that they can give for why they are not
+passing the bill that passed the Senate. It was McConnell -- it`s
+McConnell/Reid. Republicans voted for it. There`s nothing wrong with it.
+It`s got the oil pipeline in it. It`s got everything they want. But
+they just want to stop the government from working.
+They want everybody to get a lump of coal when they go there. Whether
+they`re unemployed, or whether they`re getting a paycheck and they`re going
+to have a tax increase, they`re going to get a lump of coal for this
+Christmas.
+SHARPTON: Now, that is frightening. I mean, that`s not a prop,
+that`s a reality.
+Jared, what is confusing to me is that Speaker Boehner originally
+thought this was all right, a good deal. Then, today, he flipped back,
+it`s a bad deal.
+Let me show you what he said then and what he said today.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+BOEHNER: If the Senate acts, I`m committed to bringing the House back
+-- and we can do it within 24 hours -- to deal with whatever the Senate
+does.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You initially supported moving forward with the
+two-month plan. What changed in your mind?
+BOEHNER: That`s not true. What I was outlining was the fact that
+having the Keystone pipeline in here was a success. But I raised concerns
+about the two-month process from the moment that I heard about it.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Now, Jared, I guess he`s playing, "Don`t believe your lying
+eyes and don`t trust your ears." We heard him say what he said. There`s
+even reports of, on a conference call, he said it was a good deal.
+What happened to change his mind?
+BERNSTEIN: Well, what happened is the Tea Partiers really define
+dysfunction. If Congressman McDermott`s image here is a lump of coal --
+and that`s a strong one -- my analysis really hovers around this issue of
+dysfunction.
+I mean, the reason why the American people simply don`t believe the
+performance of this institution right now is because even when they hammer
+out a compromise that both sides obviously and explicitly agree -- you
+heard the clips you just played from Speaker Boehner. I mean, this was a
+done deal. You have a group of obstructionists who are standing between
+the American people and $1,000 on average boost to their paycheck in 2012
+and hundreds of thousands of people suffering from unemployment who will
+lose their coverage.
+We know that there are four unemployed people per job out there. This
+is a demand side problem. The economy actually has a little bit of
+momentum now, Reverend. Not enough, not a lot, but a little bit.
+(CROSSTALK)
+SHARPTON: But, Jared, let me ask you this, because I want to ask the
+congressman something about what`s going on the Hill, but let me ask you
+this.
+BERNSTEIN: Sure.
+SHARPTON: As we talked about the unemployed, as we talk about those
+in poverty, is this bill helpful to the economy? Because we`re not talking
+about charity here. Will this bill actually help the economy? And if so,
+why?
+BERNSTEIN: Well, that`s my whole point. It will unquestionably help
+the economy. And, by the way, if you listen to the rhetoric of all the
+folks up there, it`s not that they`re arguing against these bills, it`s
+that they -- in the Republican case, they want to put a whole bunch of
+poison pills to poison the negotiations. Last week we thought we got
+around that.
+Unquestionably an economy that`s just beginning to get a little bit
+momentum. You don`t want to pull the rug out of it by taking out the
+payroll tax cut and the unemployment insurance. Remember, both of these
+programs are currently active, they`re currently in place in the 2011
+economy. We need them to be in place for the 2012 economy as well.
+SHARPTON: Now, Congressman McDermott, let me show you this. Scott
+Brown, a Senate Republican, actually lectured the House Republicans.
+Here`s a man, Republican in the Senate, that`s up for reelection, and he
+says this: "The House Republicans` plan to scuttle the deal to help middle
+class families is irresponsible and wrong. A two-month extension is a good
+deal when it means we avoid jeopardizing the livelihoods of millions of
+American families."
+Here`s a Republican facing reelection, chastising people in his own
+party in the House. What`s going on here?
+MCDERMOTT: Well, basically, the House of Representatives is without a
+leader. Mr. Boehner is not the leader. He`s a puppet run by the Tea
+Party, and he`s like a weathervane.
+Whoever he talks to, he then agrees with them. And then he goes and
+talks to the second person and he agrees with them. So, he`s spinning
+around in so many directions, nobody knows where they`re going over there.
+And behind him stands Mr. Cantor, who is really pulling the strings on all
+of this, using the Tea Party votes to really destroy the Speaker. I really
+--
+(CROSSTALK)
+SHARPTON: Congressman, are you saying here tonight on POLITICS NATION
+that the Speaker, in your opinion, is a puppet, and that Eric Cantor is the
+puppeteer that is pulling the strings, and that`s what we`re watching here?
+MCDERMOTT: Well, it`s what it looks like. He goes out and makes a
+statement, and then he goes back in his office, receives a phone call, and
+then he comes out and says something else. I mean, it`s as though he can`t
+speak for himself, or what he believes.
+He always has to check with somebody behind him, and they tell him,
+no, that`s not what we`re doing. So he`s out there tonight -- I don`t know
+what he`s going to say on the floor when this thing goes down, if it does.
+I think it`s an evidence that, really, his speakership is done.
+SHARPTON: Now, Jared, people are suffering. This is beyond
+Republican or Democrat.
+I was in Harlem today, National Action Network, and I gave away
+hundreds of turkeys Don King sponsored all over the country. I`m looking
+at people`s faces, and it`s really, really compelling. I`m going to show
+some of the footage later in the show.
+And that is why the publics of this doesn`t make sense, because you
+can spin all you want, people know they`re hurting. If they need a turkey
+for Christmas, imagine what $1,000 would do, imagine what the threat of
+canceling your unemployment insurance would do. Look at the polls on where
+the president is. The politics of this makes no sense for Republicans.
+BERNSTEIN: I think that`s right. And by the way, those Scott Brown
+comments you just heard, I would give Elizabeth Warren a lot of credit for
+those comments. I think it`s her pressure that`s leading him in that
+direction.
+Look, you`re absolutely right, Reverend, in terms of the politics.
+One of the things I read this weekend was a statement by one of the Tea
+Partiers that said the following. He said, "We`re not going to let the
+Senate push us around this way."
+OK. By the way, 39 Republicans in the Senate voted for this. We`re
+not going to let the Senate -- these Tea Partiers are not listening to the
+American people.
+They`re not reflecting on an 8.6 percent unemployment rate and a 16
+percent underemployment rate. They`re not reflecting on real wage trends
+that are negative. They`re not reflecting on four unemployed people per
+job opening.
+What they want to do is pick a political fight to signal their base.
+That has nothing to do with what this economy needs right now, and it`s
+pure dereliction of duty.
+SHARPTON: You know, Congressman, let me say to you before I go, while
+I`m dealing with fighting to get the unemployment insurance extended, while
+you`re fighting on the floor, I was stunned when I heard what the Speaker`s
+priority is. In the middle of all of this, let me show you what the
+Speaker went to the floor on behalf of today.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+BOEHNER: This resolution will honor the former British prime minister
+by placing a bust of him in the United States Capitol. Winston Churchill
+was the best friend America ever had. And I ask my colleagues to join me
+in honoring his legacy of persistence, determination and resolve.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: A hundred and sixty million Americans living in poverty,
+needing unemployment, and he`s up saying, we, five days before Christmas,
+need to put a bust of Winston Churchill in the Capitol. This is either
+amazing insensitivity or contempt for the American people. If it wasn`t
+Boehner-like, I would cry.
+MCDERMOTT: He really wants to also make sure that the -- he`s worried
+more about the tax cut for the job creators, as he says in one of his
+quips. He said, "I`m worried about maintaining their tax break at
+Christmastime." He never talks about the people or the unemployed or the
+near poor or the people that are struggling in this society. It`s just a
+plain old lump of coal.
+BERNSTEIN: It was Winston Churchill who said, "The American political
+system will ultimately do the right thing after trying everything else
+first." I sure hope he`s right, because it looks like House Republicans
+are trying to prove him wrong.
+SHARPTON: I don`t even think Mr. Churchill could estimate how much --
+everything else the Tea Party crowd could come up with.
+Congressman McDermott and Jared Bernstein, thank you for your time
+tonight.
+MCDERMOTT: We`ll see you.
+BERNSTEIN: My pleasure.
+SHARPTON: Ahead, Newt Gingrich wants poor kids to be janitors, and
+Willard says cutting billions in welfare won`t hurt the poor. Wow.
+Plus, Newt`s free-falling in the polls. So he wants to arrest federal
+judges? You can`t make this stuff up.
+And we`ll tell you why Scott Walker just added more fuel to the recall
+fire. He`s going after women in a very dangerous way.
+You`re watching POLITICS NATION on MSNBC.
+(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
+SHARPTON: During the campaign, Willard Mitt Romney has tried to make
+voters believe he`s a regular guy just like us -- just like us. He`s
+tweeting about eating Subway. And he`s just like us. He loves Carl`s Jr.
+sandwiches. And just like us, he flies Southwest Airlines in coach.
+And just like so many Americans, he`s unemployed.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+MITT ROMNEY (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: I should also tell my story.
+I`m also unemployed.
+(LAUGHTER)
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: But he`s not just like your typical unemployed American.
+"The New York Times" reporting today, Willard`s still receiving millions
+from Bain Capital, the private equity firm he used to run. The retirement
+deal brings in more than $13 million a year.
+Meantime, he`s campaigning to cut taxes for the rich and for the
+radical Paul Ryan plan which would cut Medicaid by $700 billion, food
+stamps by $127 billion, and Pell grants for low-income college students in
+half. But Willard doesn`t think it will hurt anyone.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+CHRIS WALLACE, "FOX NEWS SUNDAY": You don`t think if you cut $700
+billion it will hurt the people that
+depend on that program for their health care.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Cutting welfare won`t hurt the poor? This coming from a
+guy who makes $13 million a year doing nothing?
+Cutting $127 billion from food stamps won`t hurt the poor. This is
+just the latest Republican with the war on the poor as his motto and
+philosophy.
+Joining me now is someone who knows how to fight for the middle class,
+Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers. She is
+also co-chair of our National Action Network March for Jobs and Justice.
+And Randi, thank you for joining me tonight.
+How do you plan to fight these kinds of agendas?
+RANDI WEINGARTEN, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS: Well,
+first, it`s a little -- the hypocrisy is a little shocking. As you were
+going through that clip, Reverend, I started thinking about the big news
+out of last week, which is that half the country -- half the country is
+within 200 percent of the poverty rate. Half the country right now is
+poor, or just scraping by.
+And so when you say to people who, even when they have a job, they`re
+living paycheck to paycheck, that God forbid they have some emergency
+surgery like my father just had this week, what are they going to do if
+they`re living paycheck to paycheck? What happens? Do they make the
+choice about not having emergency surgery?
+That`s the questions that normally happen right now that grip most
+people who live in America. And so this kind of dissonance between someone
+-- and I don`t begrudge him. Look, I think that there should be kind of
+deferred compensation for lots of people. That`s what pensions are.
+But the average public worker pension in this country after 20, 25, 30
+years of service is $24,000 a year versus Mr. Romney`s pension, which is
+$13 million a year. There`s some dissonance there.
+SHARPTON: And let me show you this, Randi. He says just a couple of
+months ago -- Willard was calling the president`s payroll tax cut plan that
+would save millions of Americans $1,000 a year a Band-Aid. Look at this.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: If the payroll tax cut is not extended, that
+would mean a tax increase for all Americans. What would be the
+consequences of that?
+ROMNEY: What it takes to create jobs is more than just a temporary
+shift in a tax stimulus.
+UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: So you would be OK with seeing the payroll tax
+cut --
+ROMNEY: Look, I don`t like temporary little Band-Aids.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: But if you think that`s a Band-Aid, $1,000 is a Band-Aid,
+how much would your tax plan get us, Willard?
+Well, he answered that. Let me show you what his capital gains taxes,
+what it would give a family, whether that is a lot more than what he called
+the Band-Aid.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+ROMNEY: Well, first of all, $167 is not zero. Look, I recognize it`s
+not a huge tax cut. It is a tax reduction, and it allows middle income
+folks to participate in making a brighter future for themselves and for
+saving.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Now, Randi, $1,000 is a Band-Aid, but $167 is a great
+savings. You talk about hypocritical --
+WEINGARTEN: Look, maybe -- most of our school teachers would teach
+you $1,000 is more than $167. But the bottom line is this: there`s a lot
+of things that we have to do in America.
+Number one is we have to help people who want to work work. There are
+26 million people that are out of jobs that want to work.
+The better a job is, the more it has a middle class wage, the more a
+person can feed, clothe, house and educate his or her family. And so
+that`s why the big question is, how come Mr. Romney is not supporting the
+president`s Jobs Act which would get people back to work, get them a real
+job, create income in terms of communities?
+So this notion of trickle-down economics, of a minor tax cut here
+versus an immediate payroll tax cut here, I just don`t understand the
+Republican Party these days. If they`re about creating jobs, then create
+real jobs for people who want to work right now. And don`t cut the social
+net that people really need right now.
+People who are not working need unemployment insurance. People need
+Medicare and Medicaid. People need food stamps. That`s a safety net that
+people have when they`re not working.
+SHARPTON: Now, I want to ask you about something that you and the AFT
+is doing in West Virginia. But before I do that, I need to just -- so
+people understand that we`re not just beating up on Willard, Newt Gingrich
+suggested that we make some of the students in poor neighborhoods janitors.
+Look at this.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+NEWT GINGRICH (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE:.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Now, as a union leader, one of the biggest union leaders in
+the country, how do you think about openly advocating changing child labor
+laws? And as the head of the teachers in the country`s union, I mean, your
+teachers work with janitors every day. I mean, how`s the reaction to this?
+WEINGARTEN: Well, let me do this -- there are so many things that are
+wrong with that statement.
+Number one, what are we going to do? We`re going to -- when we have a
+jobs crisis in America, we`re going to take people out of jobs, good-paying
+jobs in schools where people who are in the neighborhoods working these
+jobs? So we`re going to ask poor kids to clean the floors in a school and
+get rid of their parents who may be cleaning the floors in a school? That
+doesn`t make any sense.
+Number two, would Mr. Gingrich actually make that proposal for kids
+that were in private schools or would he only make that proposal for poor
+kids?
+SHARPTON: Wow.
+WEINGARTEN: Number three, exploitation -- kids should be in glee
+club. They should be in debate society. They should be doing the kinds of
+things to create knowledge and excitement and engagement. That`s what we
+should be doing in communities that are underserved, not asking poor kids
+to actually be janitors.
+SHARPTON: Now, Randi, I`ve run out of time, but I want you to tell us
+about this partnership in West Virginia. I`m going to have you back again
+where we can talk about it extensively, but tell us what this does.
+WEINGARTEN: Great.
+SHARPTON: Because I think this is very important.
+WEINGARTEN: So this is -- you know, as the Republican candidates are
+talking about how we actually fray the social safety net, what we`re trying
+to do is, it`s an unprecedented partnership of business, health care,
+unions, educators, not-for-profits that are saying the economy and
+education are interrelated. And in a place like McDowell County, which was
+a big coal producer 100 years ago, and has seen -- it`s seen its better
+days, let`s create a new chapter there.
+And if we`re going to actually help kids, we`re going to have to help
+by doing everything. We`re going to have to focus on the economy. We`re
+going to have to focus on social safety net. We`re going to have to focus
+on health care. And we`re going to have to focus on education.
+And that is what we`re all doing under the tutelage of the governor
+and Senator Manchin`s wife, Gayle Manchin, and 40 other groups. This is
+unprecedented, and I am honored that the AFT is leading this effort with
+these other groups in terms of trying to help give McDowell County and the
+kids there a new chapter so they cannot simply dream their dreams, but
+achieve them.
+SHARPTON: We`re going to do a whole piece with you on it and deal
+with it.
+WEINGARTEN: It`s great.
+SHARPTON: People can go to ReconnectingMcDowell.com, the AFT`s new
+Web site on it.
+Randi Weingarten, the president of the American Federation of
+Teachers.
+Thanks for being here tonight.
+WEINGARTEN: Thank you so much.
+SHARPTON: Ahead, Don King, the legendary boxing promoter and
+activist, joins me to talk about why he`s giving away so many turkeys
+during the holiday season and the burden on the poor.
+Stay with us.
+(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
+SHARPTON: Governor Scott Walker`s fighting for his political life in
+Wisconsin. But that`s not stopping him. He has a new target -- Planned
+Parenthood. His administration is cutting Planned Parenthood`s contract
+from a program to coordinate free breast cancer and cervical cancer
+screenings for low income women in four Wisconsin counties. Last year, the
+program served more than 1,200 women in those counties and its screenings
+detected cancer in 15 women. So, 15 women`s lives might have been saved by
+this program. But to Walker, it`s all about politics.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: There are many clinics that aren`t as controversial
+as Planned Parenthood. And our goal was to make sure that low income women
+had access to those sorts of screenings and so we`ve got other providers
+around the state who don`t carry the controversy that you get from a
+Planned Parenthood.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Walker`s office claims women expecting to go to Planned
+Parenthood would get cancer screenings elsewhere. But we reached out to
+Planned Parenthood today for a comment and they told us, quote, "The state
+has yet to communicate to Planned Parenthood or the area service providers
+and patients who will be assuming this critical cancer care coordination."
+So, apparently there`s no plan to take care of these women, keep on running
+to the right, Governor, and we`ll keep working toward your recall.
+(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
+SHARPTON: Welcome back to POLITICS NATION. I`m getting used to
+hearing this music. Tom Petty, "Free Falling." I`ve actually heard it six
+times now for every republican front-runner falling from the top spot in
+Iowa. And now it`s Newton Leroy`s turn to drop. A new poll shows his
+unfavorability plummeting over the last two weeks. He went from a 31
+rating to 12 and then down to minus one. Minus one. I guess the attacks
+are working.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Unidentified Ethics complaints while he was
+speaker, driven out of the speakership in disgrace.
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Having to pay $300,000 for lying, for complete
+fraud.
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: I have lots of things to do.
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Newt Gingrich is also the latest example of how the
+corrupt revolving door drives Washington.
+UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: Newt has a ton of baggage, like the fact that
+Gingrich was fined $300,000 for ethics violations, or that he took at least
+$1.6 million from Freddie-Mac just before it helped cause the economic
+meltdown.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Wow. Corrupt, baggage, ethics violation, no wonder he`s
+dropping. New Iowa polls have Ron Paul skyrocketing to number one.
+Gingrich is third. Another poll even has him in fourth behind Rick Perry.
+Once again, Ron Paul is in the lead and Paul`s campaign announced today
+he`s raised $4 million since Friday. Nationally, the Newt is no better for
+Newt and Newt Leroy has now dropped to where he`s tied in the lead with
+Willard. I guess Sir Isaac Newton`s law of gravity is alive in the GOP.
+What goes up, must come down.
+Joining me now is Bob Shrum, democratic strategist and a professor at
+NYU and the newest member of the MSNBC family, Perry Bacon, Jr., the
+politics editor at thegrio.com and MSNBC contributor. Congratulations,
+Perry. We`re very glad that you joined the family.
+PERRY BACON, JR., MSNBC CONTRIBUTOR: Thank you, Al. I appreciate it.
+SHARPTON: Bob, let`s start with you. Big question -- is Newt Leroy
+done?
+BOB SHRUM, DEMOCRATIC STRATEGIST: Well, yes, probably. Look, I
+thought there was a chance here that he was impervious to these attacks and
+would be Teflon. But three things have happen. First, he`s had a ton of
+negative dropped on him. And it`s much more effective than the usual
+negative because Romney doesn`t have to get on there and say, I`m Mitt
+Romney and I approve this message. So, he`s not getting blame by any of
+the voters for it. Number two, you have a whole lot of conservative
+evangelical ministers who have gone out and attacked Newt. They don`t like
+Romney, but he`s the un-Gingrich. They`ve gone after Newt and they`re
+helping Romney. Three, I think Ron Paul right now is Mitt Romney`s best
+friend in Iowa, put aside whether he may run as an independent at the end
+of this whole thing. He`s helping Romney right now. And with a lot of
+these Gingrich voters saying Romney is our second choice, I think there`s a
+chance he could win Iowa, then win New Hampshire and then maybe roll the
+whole process.
+SHARPTON: Now, Perry, when you look at "The Huffington Post," they
+did an article today explaining how his opponents` attack ads have really
+worked. They say, quote, if Iowa voters are thinking about Newt Gingrich
+these days, there`s a good chance that one word in particular is coming to
+mind, baggage. Baggage came up frequently in conversations with Iowa
+voters. Several repeated the line or some form of it. So this negative ad
+campaign by people that may not identify themselves as with Willard or Ron
+Paul but they seem to be working.
+BACON: There`s so many things he`s been attacked on. He`s been
+attacked about Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, he`s being attacked about his
+marriages and the -- of three marriages. He`s being attacked on a lot of
+different fronts and therefore, it`s really helping Romney and to some
+extent Ron Paul. I don`t think he`s done yet. Because the core of it
+remains the fact that a lot of Republicans don`t like Romney and don`t like
+Ron Paul and would never vote for those people. So, there are still big
+group of Iowa voters who are open in Iowa, in South Carolina, in Florida.
+So, I think Newt still has a chance. But he`s definitely peaked in the
+polls right now.
+SHARPTON: Well, he`s trying to appeal to the far right and maybe a
+lot of those that will never go at Romney because they consider him too
+moderate or never go with Ron Paul because they consider him too unusual.
+So he went on TV this weekend -- he being Newton Leroy and actually started
+talking about arresting federal judges. I mean, talking about really going
+for the extreme right wing, watch this.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+BOB SCHIEFFER, CBS NEWS: One of the things you say is that if you
+don`t like what a court has done, the Congress should subpoena the judge
+and bring him before Congress and hold a Congressional hearing. How would
+you enforce that? Would you send the capitol police down to arrest him?
+NEWT GINGRICH (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: If you had to. Or you`d
+instruct the Justice Department to send the U.S. marshal. Are judges above
+the rest of the constitution? Or are judges one of the three co-equal
+branches?
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: Let me get this right, Bob. If a judge does something you
+don`t like, that`s what Schieffer asked him, you send the marshals to get
+him? I mean, what is he talking about?
+SHRUM: Well, listen, the whole thing is absurd. It`s been attacked
+by people like Michael Mukasey who was the attorney general under Bush,
+Alberto Gonzalez. But the telling thing about it in terms of the
+Republican Party is when he said that in one of the debates last week, he
+got huge cheers. This is, as Perry says, a very conservative party, very
+unhappy with Romney. I think one of the interesting things in some of that
+polling data you put up at the beginning is that Perry is actually nudging
+up. I know we find it hard to believe. But it`s clear that conservatives
+are still looking for some alternative and they could decide that they`re
+going to try and coalesce around someone other than Gingrich. It could be
+Perry. I`d be surprised if it happened. But in this crazy era, I wouldn`t
+rule anything out.
+SHARPTON: Talking about crazy world, Perry, is Ron Paul for real? I
+mean, did you really think that Ron Paul could do serious damage and become
+the nominee?
+BACON: No, I don`t think he can become the nominee. There`s not
+enough Republicans who are libertarians. That said, he could win Iowa. If
+he won Iowa, that kills Gingrich and I think that kills Rick Perry in some
+ways as well. Ron Paul winning would really take away from their vote and
+their appeal. And in some ways, I think Ron Paul winning Iowa would
+guarantee Romney wins the primary.
+SHARPTON: Now, Bob, walk through quickly for me. Ron Paul wins in
+Iowa, what does that do to Willard and where do we calculate that from New
+Hampshire in and to South Carolina and the nest two or three primaries?
+SHRUM: Well, I think Romney`s second best wish is for Ron Paul to win
+Iowa. He`d obviously like to win it himself. But exactly for the reasons
+Perry just stated, he`ll be fine if Paul wins. They`ll go on to New
+Hampshire, Romney will win New Hampshire going away. I think in South
+Carolina, people will begin to come around, he`ll probably be able to win
+South Carolina, although there`s going to be more resistance there than a
+lot of other places. And then I think you`d see Florida move much as it
+did with McCain in 2008. He begins to look like the nominee and so people
+go to him even though they`re not entirely happy with him. Ron Paul as I
+said it last week on this program -- is Mitt Romney`s best friend right
+now?
+SHARPTON: Perry, if Ron Paul wins Iowa, is it over for everybody but
+Willard and him? Is it a Willard/Ron Paul race? Does that kill the rest
+of the conservative options?
+BACON: I think it does. I think there`s a South Carolina option
+where Ron Paul, Mitt Romney, not very popular in South Carolina. You could
+have a Gingrich or maybe -- there`s not any debates right now, so Perry is
+doing pretty well. Republicans have forgotten in some ways, Perry to the
+debate. So, Perry could do his sneak up as well. But I still think Ron
+Paul wins Iowa. Mitt Romney wins the nomination and that`s pretty much it.
+SHARPTON: If you were advising Newt or Ron Paul, Bob, what would you
+tell them to do now in the last couple of weeks they have left?
+SHRUM: Well, it`s a really improbable thought that I would ever be
+doing that, Reverend. But on the other hand, you know, he`s been attacked
+for the fact that he spent some time with you and it appears to be hurting
+him. So, it`s one more good thing he did for the country. Look, I think
+that Newt Gingrich in some ways doesn`t understand how he got where he got,
+doesn`t understand how to stay there. He`s not in Iowa. He should be in
+Iowa every day campaigning very, very hard. I`m not sure that would make a
+difference. I`m not sure he can overcome what`s already happened to him.
+And I think these polls are kind of a leading indicator that conservatives
+are looking and Tea Party types are looking somewhere else.
+SHARPTON: Bob Shrum, Perry Bacon, Jr., thanks for joining me tonight.
+SHRUM: Thank you.
+BACON: Thank you.
+SHARPTON: Ahead, North Korea`s dictator Kim Jong-il died this
+weekend. But you won`t believe how some are remembering him. That`s next.
+(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
+SHARPTON: North Korean dictator Kim Jong-il died over the weekend
+from a heart attack. He was 69 years old. No doubt Kim Jong-il was a very
+dangerous dictator, responsible for terrible acts against his people,
+including a major famine. But in this country, comedians found him, well,
+funny.
+(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Give me a woop, woop! Hey, that guy not woop,
+woop. Good one, my friend.
+UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN: So, let me warn the gun-slinging buccaneer George
+Bush and his henchmen Jimmy Carter and Wolf Blitzer. I am extremely
+unstable and highly irrational, and for your information, quite completely
+insane.
+UNIDENTIFIED MAN: North Korea, everything is sunny, all the time.
+Always good time, beach party.
+(END VIDEO CLIP)
+SHARPTON: And there`s also a lot we`re learning about him. He loved
+Hollywood movies. He had a collection of more than 20,000 films. He once
+arranged the kidnapping of a South Korean director and his wife to remake
+"Godzilla" one of his all-time favorites and according to his own press
+reports, he might have been the Tiger Woods of North Korea. In 1994, North
+Korea media reported he shot 38 under par on his first try at golf. Just
+five years ago, Kim had the idea to solve North Korea`s widespread hunger
+problem by breeding giant rabbits. We`ll be right back.
+(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
+SHARPTON: Finally tonight, we all know these are hard times for many
+Americans, one out of every two Americans is poor or barely scraping by.
+That`s 146 million people and 5.9 million of them are children. Earlier
+today, we gave out hundreds of free turkeys outside of the National Action
+Network headquarters in Harlem, a national drive by boxing promoter Don
+King done in Cleveland, in New York, New Jersey, Westchester all over the
+country, to try and give something to people that really need it. I was
+struck by how people lined up for hours waiting for what might be the main
+part of the meal that they were trying to scrap together.
+Joining me now is the legendary boxing promoter Don King. Thanks for
+joining me tonight, Don.
+DON KING, LEGENDARY BOXING PROMOTER: It`s a pleasure to be able to
+join you, Reverend Al Sharpton.
+SHARPTON: Now, you`ve been doing this all over the country for how
+many years?
+KING: Over 50 years I started the program. It wasn`t going over the
+country, it started in Cleveland, Ohio, at a night club there. And I was
+in another business of promotion then. And that it`s always giving back to
+the community has been a part of my life because the people are the most
+important. And so that is why I`m -- I guess, you know, I`m a promoter of
+the people, for the people and by the people. And my magic lies in my
+people ties. So, I deal with the people and that`s what I try to do and
+helping them, the needy, the downtrodden, the denied and those who would
+not get an opportunity in the land of opportunity to give them one.
+SHARPTON: Now, Don, you and your wife Henrietta and this is the first
+Christmas you and your family spending without her have been committed to
+this. And no matter what, you worked with Republicans and Democrats, you
+and I have debated over George Bush and others. But at Holiday, you said,
+put politics aside, let`s stand up for the people and people all over the
+country today you did alone what you and Henrietta have done for years. Do
+you appeal to other people in business that there ought to be a time we put
+politics and our disagreements aside and really look out for the American
+people?
+KING: I think so. I think the time is now. It`s almost like a new
+beginning. A nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition
+that all men are created equal. The only thing that left out of that was
+not the words, it was the mental subordination of people, inclusiveness.
+You know, those were the words that were left out that keep us and that put
+us in a position that we have to start a new again right now. Most
+certainly everyone should consider giving back to the people of this great
+nation, a nation that`s conceived in liberty and dedicated to the
+proposition that all men are created equal. And then deal with it as a set
+one land and invisible with liberty and justice vote. That`s we say that
+we boast that, that we boast the self-evident truth, we live the self-
+evident lie.
+SHARPTON: Now, let me ask you something. Let me ask you something
+quickly, what happened in Florida? I understand something happened with
+one of the trucks with the poor people down there.
+KING: Yes, the trucks down here -- we had trouble with the truck.
+They said it was hijacked. Then they say it disappeared, the driver
+abandoned it. And finally with many of the stories that they have brought
+to us, the reason I`m not there with you live is because I have to stay
+here to make certain that the people in Florida get their turkeys. And I
+wrote a letter to Costco and I made a deal with. And it was wonderful.
+Thank you so very much. And I`m still waiting on a reply. I have not
+received a reply as to when these turkeys will be there. I have some
+verbalization that they`ll be here on Thursday. Well, if they don`t get
+here on Thursday, the Christmas holiday is over.
+SHARPTON: Well, I hope they respond to your letter. And we just put
+it up. Let me hold one minute, Don. I want to bring in Tamika Mallory,
+executive director of National Action Network, my civil rights group.
+Earlier today, you helped me give out turkeys outside of our headquarters
+in Harlem. What does this mean to the people of the Harlem, of the country
+when people like Don King care about them?
+TAMIKA MALLORY, EXEC. DIR., NATIONAL ACTION NETWORK: Well, you know,
+Reverend, it`s obvious that people are hurting. I mean, we had people by
+the hundreds lined up outside of our headquarters all day. They were lined
+up for hours before we even told them to get there because they needed
+turkeys. We had seniors, people who are really hurting. And while we`re
+in the middle of all the different political debates, you have people who
+are struggling. And National Action Network is really trying to do the job
+of bringing people what they need.
+SHARPTON: If Don King has done this, others could do it. What is
+amazing to me is every year no matter what, he does it. And I don`t see a
+lot of other people reaching out. Some do. But I think that people in
+Harlem and Cleveland and Newark and other places today want to thank Don,
+which is why you came down to the show tonight.
+MALLORY: Absolutely. It`s a great partnership all the time that I`ve
+been at National Action Network, Mr. King has been donating these turkeys
+to us and helping us to really bring people what they need. And we really
+appreciate you, Mr. King, for doing that for National Action Network.
+SHARPTON: Mr. Don King, I hope that Costco responds. He`s waving the
+flags. You`re going to come back another night when we can debate politics
+between republic-crat and a democrat but tonight we are here to give thank
+to you.
+KING: You just said it, Rev. You just said it. I`m a republic-crat
+but let me tell you something. Take a trip back in history. Thomas
+Jefferson said many years ago that our liberties are more dangerously
+imperiled by the banking institution than standing armies. And so, you
+must understand, it causes unemployment, he says, homelessness, joblessness
+and this is like 200 years ago and it`s all coming to bear fruit right now
+where people are homeless and jobless and their houses are being foreclosed
+on. And in Cleveland, they`re tearing down houses that were good houses
+because the house -- the mortgage is double what the people would owe.
+SHARPTON: That`s right.
+KING: Or what the house is worth. So, it`s a sad commentary for us
+in America, the greatest nation in the world and to be able to suffer this
+type of situation where our people are starving and not having jobs, we
+should just create a job.
+SHARPTON: We got to do it. We`re going to bring you back on and talk
+at length and go through the points. Don King, Tamika Mallory, thanks both
+of you for joining us. Thank you, Don.
+KING: Only in America! Only in America!
+SHARPTON: Let me say this, as you see these people lined up in Harlem
+today, and it happened all over the country. How can people stand in line
+for a turkey and others act like $1,000 wouldn`t mean something? I want
+you to see graphically what this $1,000 would mean if a turkey would mean
+seniors would stand in line that long. Think about it. This is not about
+a party. This is about the people, American people.
+The Oscars are only a few days away and it always stirs up a real sense of intrigue and excitement. It also raises many questions such as ‘Who will win what award? What will the stars be wearing and will there be any infamous speeches that will live on in Oscars history?’.
+The Academy Awards (the official name of the Oscars) is one of the most prestigious accolades that anyone in the film industry can receive. This year’s nominees were filmed all over the world and in some of the most stunning and fascinating locations.
+From the breath-taking waterfalls in Argentina to the bright lights of Tokyo, here is a round up of the best destinations from this year’s Oscars nominees.
+Argentina – Black Panther
+Marvel’s superhero film Black Panther is set in the fictional Sub-Saharan Africa nation of Wakanda. The filming locations were varied, with most of the filming being filmed in a studio in Atlanta, Georgia, but other filming locations included Uganda, South Africa and Zambia.
+Did you know that the legendary waterfall scene was filmed in Argentina at the Iguazu Falls in the Iguazu National Park? The national park spans the borders between three countries - Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As well as the awe-inspiring waterfall, visitors can also see many examples of rare and endangered wildlife (Including the jaguar and the South American tapir)
+Stockholm – The Wife
+Glenn Close is captivating in this film which was filmed in a variety of locations through Scotland and Sweden. However, most of the film was filmed in Stockholm, including at various locations within the Old Town.
+This effortlessly cool city is a charming destination thanks to its quaint medieval streets, pretty parks and energetic waterside attractions. From people watching at one of the cafes in Stortoget and trying the national dish of Sweden (meatballs naturally!) to taking an exhilarating boat ride and exploring some of the (30,000!) islands that form part of Sweden’s capital, you will not be short of things to do.
+Yosemite – Free Solo
+This thrilling documentary documents climber Alex Honnold ‘s 2017 free solo attempt at El Capitan, the 3,000ft-high rock formation in Yosemite Valley, California. El Capitan is a pure vertical wall of sheer rock face and is widely considered to be the ultimate challenge for climbers (and the most dangerous)
+Yosemite is known for its lush greenery, cascading waterfalls and imposing clifftops. The vista changes with the seasons and is an absolute must-see if you are visiting California. The Half Dome is Yosemite’s most famous landmark, rising 4800 feet above the valley.
+Not only can you explore the expansive wilderness, you can also stay in this incredible National Park and take advantage of the fun activities such as horse riding, skiing and golf – the Wawona championship 18-hole course has probably the most extraordinary and dramatic mountain backdrop of any golf course in the world.
+LA – A Star is Born
+With music being the common theme throughout ‘A Star Is Born’, it is of little surprise that most of the filming locations were music venues which included The Virgil in East Hollywood, The Greek Theatre in Los Angeles and the Regent Theatre. Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper also filmed footage at the Empire Polo Club which is the venue for the Coachella Festival.
+From the beautiful beaches and fabulous shops to the lively nightclubs and the incredible restaurants, you will never feel bored in LA. Whether you want to stroll down Venice Boardwalk or visit the iconic Hollywood sign, if you are ready to go California Dreaming, your Personal Travel Expert can create the perfect LA package for you.
+Split – Cold War
+Pawel Pawlikowski’s film Cold War was filmed in locations in Poland, France and Germany, but most of the filming took place in Split. This pretty Croatian town is also renowned for being one of the filming locations for the popular ‘Game of Thrones’ series. A visit to the Palace of the Emperor Diocletian is an absolute must!
+Take a stroll along the Riva, the pretty promenade that winds around the harbour or why not take a boat ride over to the nearby island of Brač.
+If you love a good hidden gem, take a stroll through the hillside pines of Marjan Forest Park which affords not only just commanding views over the city and surrounding islands, but also medieval chapels and cave dwellings.
+New York – Can You Ever Forgive Me
+With both Richard E. Grant and Melissa McCarthy both receiving nominations, it looks promising that Can You Ever Forgive Me will flourish at the Oscars. The New York skyline is iconic and is renowned all over the world, however, Can You Ever Forgive Me has its own famed landmarks. Why not pay a visit to the iconic Argosy bookstore on E 59th Street or one of the older Manhattan bars that feature in the film?
+Discover your very own New York with a fun-filled trip filled with sightseeing, shopping, eating and a trip to see a show on Broadway.
+Need some more NYC inspo? Why not read our New York destination guide for more ideas or contact your Personal Travel Expert who can create a bespoke package for you?
+Tokyo – Shoplifters
+Hirokazu Kore-eda's 'Shoplifters' was the winner of the Palme d'Or for best feature at last year's Cannes Film Festival – can it replicate its success for the award of best foreign-language film at the Oscars? Set in the dynamic city of Tokyo, most of the filming took place the Adachi ward, grab a little slice of Tokyo for yourself where you can see temples, manicured gardens, designer shops and more all within walking distance with each other.
+You can’t visit Tokyo without a walk across the iconic Shibuya Crossing where up to 3000 people can be crossing at any given time.
+Spring is an ideal time to visit Japan and millions flock to Japan in their droves to see the beautiful cherry blossom. In Tokyo, it is anticipated that the cherry blossom will arrive in mid-late March. One of the best areas to see the cherry blossom in full bloom is in the arty neighbourhood of Nakameguro.
+Fuerteventura – Solo: A Star Wars Story
+Did you know that Solo: A Star Wars Story was filmed in the Canary Islands, more specifically in Fuerteventura? the island doubles up as the planet Savareen and was shot on the sand dunes at Cañada La Barca which is located on the southern part of the island.
+Light sabres aside, if you love windsurfing, surfing, kite surfing or similar, Fuerteventura (which is the second largest island in the Canaries) is an ideal destination thanks to it being the only Canary Island to enjoy warm breezes from the Sahara.
+This enchanting island has white sandy beaches and crystal-clear turquoise waters where you can relax and lap up the sunshine. There are also some great places to eat, drink and of course, to dance the night away.
+Berlin – Never Look Away
+Inspired by real events, Never Look Away spans three eras of German history and was filmed in Berlin, Dusseldorf and Dresden.
+Steeped in history and a mecca for party lovers, Berlin is an ideal destination for those who love intriguing architecture, fantastic food and a rich culture. If you love history, Berlin won’t disappoint. Pay a visit to Checkpoint Charlie or the remnants of the Berlin Wall and of course – the Brandenburg Gate.
+There are also lots of great museums and galleries to visit too – check out the modern art exhibitions for free on Auguststraße. If you are hoping to attain an alternative look at the city, take a tour by Alternative Berlin who aims to help tourists get closer to the city’s many subcultures.
+New Mexico - The Ballad of Buster Scruggs
+The Coen brother’s latest masterpiece was filmed across three states, including Nebraska, New Mexico and Colorado. Each one of the six short films (which is set in the late 1800’s) is presaged with the sight of an old book that is entitled ‘The Ballad of Buster Scruggs’.
+A variety of different places including the Bonanza Creek Ranch near Santa Fe and San Cristobal Ranch in New Mexico were used as filming locations. Other locations included Ghost Ranch, an expanse of canyons and rocky cliffs in the north of the state, the striking Diablo Canyon and the Ghost Ranch near Abiquiú.
+If you are heading out West to New Mexico, don’t forget to check out the Chaco Culture National Historical Park, the Carlsbad Caverns National Park and the Cerrillos Hills State Park.
+Mexico City – Roma
+Set in the early 1970’s, Roma, which is a semi-autobiographical take on director Alfonso Cuarón's upbringing in Mexico City has already won many awards and is nominated for numerous Oscars including Best Cinematography, Best Director and Best Picture. Colonia Roma is a neighbourhood in the heart of Mexico City where Cuarón grew up. Outside of Mexico City, some filming took place at Veracruz, one of the main cities on the Gulf of Mexico and where one of Roma’s most formidable scenes takes place.
+Centro Historico (the historic centre) in Mexico City is situated in the heart of the Mexican capital and is one of the spots that travellers should visit when visiting the city for the first time. From Zócalo where you can visit the Palacio de Gobierno building to the striking Palacio de Bellas Artes -ne of Mexico City’s most instantly recognisable landmarks.
+Don’t forget to head over to the Coyoacán neighbourhood which was also the home of renowned artist Frida Kahlo where you will find one of best foodie markets in the city.
+One of the biggest holidays in Mexico is Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead) which is an annual event that takes place between October 31st and November 2nd. This colourful holiday celebrates the lives of those who have died and cities throughout Mexico throw parades and parties.
+New Orleans – Green Book
+Green Book was filmed in a myriad of locations through the state of Louisiana including the International House in New Orleans, Ruby’s Roadhouse in Mandeville and of course, the renowned French Quarter. It is inspired by the true story of a tour of the Deep South between African-American classical and jazz pianist Don Shirley and Tony Vallelonga - an Italian-American bouncer.
+The Saenger Theatre in New Orleans was one of the filming locations with the lobby doubling up as a hotel where the two lead characters converse.
+New Orleans is a great city to visit for a heady mixture of culture, great food and of course, the music! Whilst it’s renowned for its jazz and blues roots, New Orleans celebrates every genre of music and it is certainly worthwhile catching a gig whilst you are there.
+We can’t talk about New Orleans without talking about the food. There is probably no other city that has more of an identifiable and distinct cuisine than New Orleans. From the succulent Boudin balls to the renowned Gumbo, you certainly won’t go hungry!
+Inspired by any of these incredible locations? Give your Personal Travel Expert a call today to book your dream holiday.
+By Hans van der Loo and Martijn Arets
+The leave of scandal plagued Uber CEO and co-founder Travis Kalanick has fuelled public debate lately. This comes to no surprise, when taking into consideration that Uber has been presented as the world’s paragon in being the most successful, disruptive and exponential growing company. Yet, after the explosive rise, an as spectacular fall followed. Which lessons can be learned from this case? Well, exponential growth and exemplary roles are no guarantee against failing leadership? Or, that the fall of Kalanick could be a sign that Silicon Valley’s start-up culture is rotten to the bone? Or, perhaps nothing big is going on and this is a healthy sign of the economy’s self-cleansing capacity? We present you the arguments one by one.
+The naughtiest child in the class
+A ‘wild ride’, is how the renowned American journalist Adam Lashinsky presented the explosive growth of Uber in his recent book. While writing, he wasn’t aware the ride would end up crashing into a tree. Though he had a strong presentiment as he stated: ‘opposition has become part of the journey’.
+There has been sufficient opposition during recent years: partially because of external factors, like the fact that Uber, as newcomer, entered an overcrowded and overregulated market. You might describe this as a functional opposition, but a collaborative stance would have probably resulted in next to nothing in this market. A great deal of the opposition was caused by the leadership and the culture of the company itself. Travis Kalanick has the character of a born street fighter, a foul-mouthed, over ambitious and especially uncompromising leader, who doesn’t rest until he sees growth and experiences victory. At first, his hard and disruptive approach brought the company success and admiration. Competitors favoring a softer approach and trying to reach consent with existing taxi companies, found themselves either caught up in or crushed by the existing system. Uber gave the status quo a cold shoulder and grew explosively.
+Such behavior in leadership will always show its downsides. The aggressive and brutal approach while hitting his home run, formed ideal soil for narcissistic and superior behavior. This, in turn, went hand in hand with a complete disdain of the meaning of others. It became strikingly clear as Kalanick made a nightly ride in one of his own taxis this year February. He was recognized by the driver, who took advantage of the opportunity to address his boss reproachfully about the low rates Uber pays. ´I’m almost bankrupt because of you. I lost thousands of dollars…´, the driver told. This allegation did not go down well with Kalanick. ´You know what…´, he angrily replied the driver, ´… some people don’t like to take responsibility for their own shit. They blame everything in their life on somebody else´. He slammed the taxi door with a clear curse coming over his lips. He didn’t realize that this whole disgrace was captured by a rolling dashboard camera. The video promptly appeared online and resulted in a negative media storm, after which Kalanick was forced to his knees to openly promise improvement.
+This behavioral pattern –of rashly creating malpractices or causing scandals, initially ignoring the fuss completely, and only offering excuses and promising improvement at a second or third instance– would be repeated time and again. Be it the accusations of a female employee about a misogynistic policy and systematic sexual intimidation, the allegations that the company had been hiding from government controls for years, by installing secret software (government officials whose names were known to the company where invariably shown a screen saying no rides to be available), the allegation that of Uber had stolen company secrets concerning self-driving cars from google –Kalanick invariably dismissed it with a puberal wittiness or an empty promise to look into it. Only under heavy outside pressure (and majorly from his financiers) he showed his insightful and lenient side. He announced –mentioning it in regard of ‘Travis 2.0’– to polish his leadership style. But even such was done quite reckless; while an independent research made a devastating judgement about the misogynistic culture of the company, Kalanick simply decided to start meditating… in a room intended for women to breastfeed their infants.
+Sign of a rotten start-up culture
+Who hails the statement that the Uber affair is the result of an ill-considered failing leadership, easily draws the conclusion that at least someone should be blamed. Replace the man by a more capable leader and the problems are solved. But it isn’t that simplistic. Although Kalanick has waived his position as CEO (for now), he still remains connected to the company as a director. Moreover, behind every leader is a multitude of followers. According to many, much more is going on than just failing leadership. The Uber affair would be a typical symptom for a sexist, racist, and age discriminating, unethical and money-grubbing behavior of the hailed techies in Silicon Valley. The flood of criticism over the last weeks crushing in on the high-tech sector showed major similarities with the negative way bankers and other financial services were treated a few years ago.
+What is central to all this criticism? The fact that all explosively growing companies are virtually exclusively in the hands of young white men, and for any other age group, race, or gender is no room. That this results in a uniform, aggressive and puberal culture of fraternity men, where insiders pretend themselves to be superior to everyone who isn’t part of their clique. That all is about money and growth. That leaders of fast growing companies, despite their roaring missions and world improving slogans, hardly show any social responsibility. And that executives and investors usually turn a blind eye.
+Their criticism is partially rooted in true facts. Folks cherishing the ideal picture of ‘nerdy white young males’ swarm within and around Silicon Valley. Women, blacks or latino’s, and elderly just don’t fit in this picture. The numbers tell their own story in this case. According to a 2014 research, the percentage female employees of companies financed by venture capitalists didn’t reach above the 15% mark. Only 2.7% of the companies appeared to have a female CEO. Discrimination is the norm, diversity is hard to find.
+Several counter examples, which show that a different and better approach is possible, are however available. They show us that it is possible to constantly bear this mission in mind (e.g. Google, Facebook and Tesla), that there really is room for diversity and input from employees (Airbnb and Zappos) and that it’s not always and exclusively about personal gain.
+Self-cleansing capacity
+With a little good will, even the Uber affair can be regarded as a sign of self-cleansing capacity. This at least is the opinion of a select group of key players. Most attention was drawn by the statements made by Marissa Mayer, former CEO of Yahoo and current Uber commissary. She, though unsolicited, shared her opinion of Kalanick being a “phenomenal leader”, who simply didn’t had clue of what was going wrong within the his business. “When your company scales that quickly, it is hard” –to get to know such things, she added to be sure not to be mistaken. The usual nonsense argument to condone failing leadership behavior. Why this indication of adhesion? Malicious gossipers claim that Mayer was just in to be catapulted as the Kalanick’s suited successor. A little diplomacy wouldn’t hurt in such a process, even the more as Kalanick remains present in his role as director (and is still co-responsible for the appointment of his successor). The other, at least as cynical assumption, has to do with Mayer’s bad reputation as leader. Based on her rather unsuccessful performance at Yahoo, she is widely stigmatized as one of the –if not the– worst leaders of our current time. The list of vices on her account reaches from egocentrism, over the incapability to listen to others, micromanagement, lack of strategic direction, the creation of a negative work space, to deceitful behavior and a strong preference for just as extravagant as unnecessary expenditure patterns. These praises addressed to Kalanick appear, in light of this, as a lame helping a blind to walk…
+The renowned American scholar Jeffrey Pfeffer points out that the most start-up founders bit the dust after a few years, and are forced to hand the rod of management to more experienced and leaders tailored for larger businesses. This happens based on the view that starting, and creating movement with, a new company requires different character traits and skills, that for the running of an existing company. The number seem to proof Pfeffer right; according to a 2012 study about half of the founders leave their ground after 3 year, however another research shows that the number of founders in the CEO seat doesn’t exceed a 15% rate after about six years. Upon reflection, there is more to say about these percentages. Considering that less than a quarter of these start-ups reach the age of 5, you will have to conclude that the founders of successful start-ups –and especially of the ‘unicorns’ (starting companies with a market value of 1 billion of more)– have good chances to remain at the helm for a longer period (like Larry Page of Google, Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and Brian Chesky of Airbnb) or to follow the route of Steve Jobs (leaving in order to return again, which also counts for Twitter’s Jack Dorsey).
+How to continue
+Looking at Uber’s future it becomes clear that the current success, with a confronting approach is the result of a needed strategy to disrupt a market like the taxi market, but that this approach isn’t durable. Though Uber is the world’s biggest taxi company of the moment, and could become a healthy business, within the present business model, despite a legacy of 12 billion of investments, which have to be paid down with interest, the ambitions reach further. With the wish to become the dominant platform within the self-driving transport sector, the business will have to shift from a confronting to a collaborative organization. Where inside the taxi world (an independent position in transport with existing cars from A to B) looked comprehensible, the outlook on the world with self-driving vehicles (with dozens of businesses contributing their part to the value chain) is a whole lot more collaborative. Uber is challenged to take a turn. We are looking forward to which rabbit appearing from magical hat of the actual Uber board and stake holders will take the lead, and how they will secure his leeway to make this turnabout happen.
+Ms. Tania Polonnowita Wettimuny
+SLFFA Chairperson
+(Speech from the 35th SLFFA AGM held on 5th July 2016)
+Chief Guest this evening The Director General of Customs Mr.Chulananda Perera, Mr. A. W Senaviratne Director Merchant Shipping, Mr. Ranjith De Silva – VC AASL. Mr. Chamara Ranasighe – Head of Cargo Sri Lankan Airlines, Special invitees, Past Chairmen, Members of the head table & colleagues.
+2015 can be viewed as a year in transition for our Industry. The rapid changes in policy by the new government, coupled with challenging external factors such as decelerating demand in our key export markets compelled the SLFFA membership to revisit their own business models and operating mechanisms.
+To support this transition, the newly appointed executive committee worked on a specific agenda during the year under review. This included;
+To collaborate more effectively with other trade bodies and associations, to address key challenges and issues which impact not only our own business environment, but our customers as well.
+To engage more actively with all SLFFA members by maintaining an on going dialogue on the associations activities and key projects.
+To widen the knowledge of SLFFA members and their employees by organizing regular gatherings where they were exposed to presentations by Experts and opinion leaders from different Industries.
+To position Logistics and Freight Forwarding Industry as a prospective career option for young professionals
+And to continue our focus on Corporate Social Responsibility by supporting a common cause.
+In this regard, I must thank and appreciate the efforts of the office bearers for 2015/16.
+As our journey unravels in 2016, there are many unknowns we are confronted with and many hurdles to climb – and this will not be possible without the continued cooperation of the regulatory bodies such as S.L Customs , Director General of Merchant Shipping , Sri Lanka Ports Authority , AASL who are integral stakeholders of our industry & other trade related associations such as Shippers’ Council, CASA , JAAF, Exporters Association & Imports section of Ceylon Chamber.
+While we acknowledge their initiatives to comply with International Trade Practices, Amendments to archaic processes through automation and to also focus on improving efficiencies, we urge these stakeholders to actively engage us to obtain our views, prior to implementing these initiatives. In this regard, while we acknowledge the continued support of the Director General of Customs and also the Director General of Merchant shipping, we must bear in mind that our collective vision should be to achieve the efficiencies and seamless trade facilitation practices which have been adopted by major commercial hubs such as Singapore and Dubai. In this regard, I would like to site a recent example which has a direct impact on our entire economy, if not managed effectively; the recent implementation of the Verified Gross Mass or VGM. While we have to comply with the IMO regulations, we as an association is of the strong opinion that Sri Lanka as a country is still not fully geared for this implementation. First and foremost, the lack of approved weigh bridges is causing a bottle neck in terms of obtaining the VGM certificate by the shippers and more importantly the adopted process could be further simplified through a collective agreement by all stakeholders as in the case of other locations such as Singapore. On the same subject, we fully support the position taken by the shippers Council, objecting to the fee based VGM submission process adopted by the Ocean Freight Carriers.
+I would like to elaborate further on the requirement to simplify the processes related to the Import and Export activity. As an association, we appreciate the support extended by the Hon. Minister of Finance and the Director General of Customs to facilitate the customs clearance activity on an uninterrupted basis through a single window concept. This is indeed a step in the right direction, but we find that not all stakeholders such as Commercial banks, SLSI and several other regulatory bodies are integrated electronically to offer a comprehensive single window solution for clearance. If our aspiration is to position ourselves as a progressive logistics hub, these are minimum standards we should enforce. Investing in the required IT and communication infrastructure with sufficient capacity to support the requirements of the entire shipping community is also vital in this regard.
+Since we are elaborating on simplify processors and since the Director General Customs is present I would like to high-light a outcome of our recent representation at the UNESCAP regional Conference for Logistics Service Providers in Jakarta.
+It was a highlight at the conference Indonesia’s initiative to simplify the bonded storage operations with Island wide Bonded Logistics centers. This presentation was done by the DG customs and Excise Under the topic “Bonded Logistics Centers” highlights were :
+Countries flexibility in ownership,
+Origin and destination flexibility – allowing to mix with import, export domestic goods.
+Activity flexibility such as -blending, cutting, kitting, VAS.
+Customs valuation at the time of release
+If the goods need to be re-exported it is made possible without levying any fiscal duties
+Operates on 24/7, paperless, issues certificates of origin
+Further they are also considering toremove the Customs officers from the BLC s as long as monitoring is remotely possible with WMS inventory controls, CCTV and IT technology.
+Facilitation is carried out by customs every Wednesdays to promote the concept
+In terms of regulatory aspects, SLFFA as an association worked tirelessly to highlight some of the crucial challenges faced by the members with several regulations adopted by the authorities such as the Advance Manifest Requirement for Imports. We lobbied effectively to voice our concerns in areas such as manifest submission deadlines and enforceable penalties – considerable progress has been made in this regard and we thank the DGC and his officers for their willingness to consider the practical issues related to our operations. SLFFA will continue to play a lead role representing the Industry and its members by providing the required input and guidance towards any amendments to the statute which govern the operational aspects of our businesses. In this regard, we encourage members to submit their views and proposals to the SLFFA Ex-co for the new Customs Act which is currently being discussed at National level.
+We are closely watching the initiatives being taken by the Government of Sri Lanka to re structure SriLankan Airlines and its associated activities such as ground handling. SLFFA have always advocated the need for a strong and efficient national carrier and level playing field and to this extent we welcome these initiatives so long as there is full transparency in the whole process. Similarly we are also hopeful that the Megapolis development plan will as a top priority address the problem of traffic congestion which is a direct contributory factor to higher costs of export/import operations.
+In this back drop the role of The SLFFA Cargo Services Ltd – the Industry commercial arm of the association has also played and continue to play a vital role in lobby with the different Industry groups and the airlines, to offer a superior level of services to the SLFFA members by way of embracing new initiatives such as the E-Air waybill and the 24x7 operating schedule adopted by the Customs. In addition, there are ongoing discussion with SLPA and the Customs to establish a Cargo Handling Terminal at the port of Colombo by SLFFA Cargo Services. We expect to see a positive outcome from these discussions.
+We also focused on promoting learning and development initiatives amongst SLFFA members. Employees of SLFFA members who are interested to join the Foundation certificate and the FIATA diploma programs are now offered a 15% discount at AITT – SLFFA’s training Arm. To-date, more than 192 students have successfully completed the foundation, 269 students on Certificate & FIATA 11. Further we too conduct DGR courses in order to enhance the knowledge on Dangerous goods handling so far since 2007 -2015 we have trained 220 students and conducts refresher courses for over 300 students.
+In addition, we have encouraged school leavers to select Logistics as a viable profession by promoting the AITT Programs through education fairs and also through targeted presentations at classes involving students who are following CIMA and other qualifications
+During the year under review, the Ex-Co also focused on improving the engagement with SLFFA members. In addition to the quarterly breakfast meetings, the General Membership meeting was held in March 2016. We were heartened by the active participation of the SLFFA members at these events and we encourage all members to continue to do so. In addition to these events, the annual SLFFA Cricket Sixes tournament was held in October 2015 – despite the inclement weather, the tournament was completed successfully with the participation of teams from more than 50 member companies
+The revamped SLFFA website which was launched at the last year’s AGM is currently being used as a central platform to interact with the members. We urge the senior leaders of SLFFA members to encourage your staff to regularly access the website and its features such as the Debtor Data base, which would do benefit the entire Freight Forwarding community.
+Under our ongoing CSR Road map, SLFFA) donated a total of 10 patient trolleys along with the relevant mattresses to the Lady Ridgeway Hospital, Colombo. The total project cost estimated approximately 1.25 million rupees. On a previous occasion SLFFA donated 31 operating theatre doors to the Hospital. In accordance with suggestions by the SLFFA members, we will also be looking for other CSR Projects to fulfill requirements in aspects such as sanitation at rural schools in the coming year.
+I also would like to thank the support given by the Immediate past Chairman Mr. Dushmantha Karannagoda, advisory council, specially Mr Diren Hallock, Mr. Tony De Livera, Mr. Mohan Mohanadas and Mr. Niral Kadawatharatchie for their guidance .
+Looking ahead, the SLFFA members must realize that we operate in an ever evolving environment – when our margins continue to get diminished and global trade patterns fluctuate rapidly due to developments such as UK’s with drawl from the EU , we should strengthen our resolve to develop future proof businesses by focusing on improved efficiency , investing in technology led Customer solutions and more importantly delivering exceptional value to our customers – this I believe is our role as Freight Forwarders in this country , as Sri Lanka marches on towards a future filled with economic gains and prosperity….
+Thank you.
+It’s been a while since we’ve done a day in the life of! It occurred to me though that my days on my last tour were wildly different from any other job I’ve done.
+I was on a bus and truck non-Equity national tour. The means that I lived on a sleeper bus. The fact that the tour was non-Equity meant that things like days off didn’t have to be taken into account and there were no limits on the number of hours a day you could work (and no overtime when the days were crazy long).
+There were four kinds of days on this tour:
+- One-Offs: This was 97% of our tour. A one-off is when you load in, do the show, and then load out all in one day.
+- Sit-Downs: Sit-downs are when you stay multiple days in one city. These are much easier. We had about six of them in 5 months on the road, almost all of them were during the final month of the tour.
+- Travel Days: If the drive is really long between two cities, the bus driver is required to take a break. That means that we would make part of our drive overnight, like usual, but wake up at a hotel instead of at a theater. We would have the day off in that city while the bus driver slept and we’d have a bus call in the late evening to get on the bus, sleep, and wake up at the theater the next day. They are pretty much a day off, but they’re not quite as restful as a proper day of not moving and getting to stay in a hotel like a golden day.
+- Golden Days: Full days off. We had 2 Golden Days in our original schedule and during the run two venues cancelled on us and we got 2 extra days off and we still hit the minimum number of shows those weeks for a full week’s pay, so that was pretty awesome.
+At the beginning of the tour, everything took a little longer. At the end of the tour, we had a pile of sit-downs. So here’s a look at an average day in the middle of the tour, when all the crew had their load in/load out groove mostly down and there were no crazy reblocking emergencies we were dealing with.
+7:30 AM – Alarm goes off. I’ve probably already been half awake for 15 minutes anyway because you hear everyone’s alarm when you all sleep 3 feet away from each other.
+7:32 AM – Grab my clothes from the junk bunk that is right across from me. Get dressed by doing the clothes changing shimmy in my bunk.
+7:37 AM – Jump out of bunk and try not to land on anyone in bunk alley. It is extremely crowded at this time. Find my deodorant.
+7:39 AM – Push my way to the back lounge. Use the mirror there to brush my hair.
+7:42 AM – Push my way through to the bus bathroom, grabbing my backpack from my junk bunk on the way. Grab my shoes out of the bus bathroom shower. Put them on.
+7:45 AM – Walk into the theater (7:45 AM was crew call for all evening load ins).
+Note: If this day happened to be a matinee, everything would be pushed up two hours and our load in would begin at 6 AM.
+7:45 AM – If in a non-union house, prowl around the stage for a few minutes. If in a union house, go nowhere near the stage until 8 AM. Look for dressing rooms. Find a bathroom so I can pee and brush my teeth.
+8 AM – Load in starts. Our Technical Director would usually introduce all of us and then they’d crack the truck. My ASM would stay on deck and call out where everything coming off the truck needed to go.
+8:10 AMish – When the SM road case came off the truck (it was one of the first off each day), I’d grab the dressing room signs and go set the dressing rooms. This could really vary in how long it takes. Some theaters had two large dressing rooms – one for boys, one for girls – so setting dressing rooms would take me about 15 minutes. Some theaters had 5,42562 tiny rooms – so setting dressing rooms could take 2 hours. Setting dressing rooms gets easier as a tour goes on because your cast will either start to tell you their preferences or you’ll hear their grumblings. You get to try to balance all of their personalities and keep people who hate each other as far apart as possible. You take into account distances for quick changes. There are a thousand surprising nuances to setting dressing rooms. Let’s say it was a normal sized theater today with a dozen useful dressing room spaces. This would probably take me about 45 minutes to an hour. Pop into wardrobe and give her a quick breakdown of where I put everyone, if it wasn’t blatantly obvious along a single hallway.
+9:10 AMish – We’ll call it an hour since I usually get radioed to come look at something either onstage or in wardrobe. Now I’d swing by the stage and get the printer and office supplies for the Production Office and go set it up.
+9:30 AM – We’ll assume the printer didn’t decide it hated me today, because that was a kind of regular thing and would turn into a lengthy battle some mornings. I’d print out any extra directional signs that are needed for the venue. I had plenty in with my dressing room signs (essentially arrows pointing Stage Left, Stage Right, to the Green Room, etc.), but some venues are crazy mazes. I’d print out any info for the callboard and go set it up in the Green Room. Check email.
+10:00 AM – By now, my ASM has probably turned up in the Production Office and started any paperwork projects she was working on. I’d go pop my head onstage to make sure everything looks like it normally does. By this time I can usually get a feel for if we’re having an average day, an awesome day and the crew looks like they are ahead or a rough day and it looks like they’re behind. I can also check out the space a little better with the main frame of the set up and make sure there aren’t any obstructed spaces (which is a joke – it was more like I could figure out where the obstructed spaces were in the venues they kept sending us to).
+10:10 AM – Check in with wardrobe. Make sure she has everything she needs.
+10:20 AM – Double check the ASM has set out our cast board and show info board in the lobby. I usually just ask her in the office, but if I happen to be near there, I’ll just circle out and check it myself.
+10:30 AM – Coffee break. Pretty much the reason I gained 15 pounds during this tour because I have no self control around donuts and there were always donuts. I’d also use this time to check in with our crew. The Technical Director would usually give me a call if anything was really different in this venue, but while we ate breakfast, our Props girl would usually mention if she thought there were going to be traffic issues in the wings with her props tables. Audio would mention if they were on track or behind. I would make it a point to check in with Lighting because my ASM and I called the focus, so I liked to know if they thought we’d be on schedule.
+10:45 AM – Back to the Production Office to work on any paperwork that needs to be done. There was less and less of this as the tour went on and by the end, I could usually do 95% of the week’s paperwork during this time on the first day of the week and have the next hour or so pretty much free. This was also the time all tour when I could squeeze in taking a shower. Thanks to living on a bus, we had to shower in the venues. Right after coffee break until around 12:00 PM was pretty much my only guaranteed “down time” of the day other than meal breaks. I often had some free time in the afternoon, but if anything went wrong, that time wasn’t guaranteed.
+12:00 PM – Lights would radio that they were about ready to start focus in a few minutes. This was usually the time we could tape down the number line and adjust any spike marks. We had two sets of spike marks on our set – one for our regular show and one for a smaller proscenium opening. My ASM and I would shift over spikes to make sure the right set were covered and uncovered.
+12:10 PM – Lighting focus would start. I called overhead lights and my ASM called front of house. With a good crew, and a Genie that could move while it was up in the air, we could focus overhead in under 20 minutes. I would bounce focus the 4th electric after that, which on a good day I could do in about 15 minutes.
+12:45 PM – I would be a stage potato for focus points and specials. While standing in the different special spots to set focus points, I would email our Dance Captain information about the stage, it’s width, any adaptations we have to make to the show and any unique issues related to the venue. In a few venues, the show required so many adaptations that I would do this process earlier, the Dance Captain and I would develop a plan and agree on what would need to be rehearsed when the cast arrived and I would send a detailed list of changes and problems to the entire cast. If it was something simple like we were just switching to Version B of the show because the proscenium opening wasn’t big enough, he’d tell them all on the bus, I’d put it on the callboard and that would be the end of it.
+This is what our Production Office looked like on days when the Dance Captain got a REALLY long email.
+1:00 PM – Lunch. If we had a rockstar crew and no technical issues, we might be done with load in now and have the afternoon off until the cast got in. Most of the time though, we still had a few lights to focus after lunch and all of the focus points and specials to set. Occasionally, if the crew was particularly unskilled, they might still be building the set and nothing regarding lights has started yet.
+2:00 PM – Either finish up load in or nap or explore.
+5:15 PM – Return to the building.
+5:30 PM – Cast and band arrive. Go find the House Manager to go over holding seating, intermission length and how we’re going to communicate to start each act. Also request a house count for the end of the day.
+6:00 PM – Band sound check.
+6:15 PM – Cast sound check.
+6:40 PM – Sometimes we would have local walk-ons as part of a PR contest. The Dance Captain and I would teach them their really simple role now.
+6:50 PM – Locals mop and sweep stage.
+7:00 PM – House opens.
+7:30 PM – Showtime
+9:55 PM – Show comes down. There might be a Meet & Greet type PR. Gather the assigned cast and take them to it.
+10:15 PM – Meet & Greet ends. Cast and band bus leaves the building.
+10:20 PM – Post show paperwork. Write up show report. Send out the next day’s schedule. Pack up Production Office. Change out of show blacks. Pack them up in the SM road box. Generally try to eat dinner while doing all this.
+10:50 PM – Collect all microphones and microphone packs from the dressing rooms. Coil all the mic cables. Put in the correct road case.
+11:20 PM – Go onstage. Help electrics if they’re not packed up already. Line up the electrics section of the truck pack if they are.
+11:45 PMish – Call the electrics/road case pack of the last truck.
+12:15 AM – If it was a smooth load out, we’d finish around now. Go pee one last time in a toilet that isn’t on a bus.
+12:25 AM – Head out to bus. If I didn’t manage to eat dinner while writing the show report, eat it now. Possibly have a drink.
+1:00 AM/1:30 AM – Go to sleep.
+This tour had the roughest schedule I’ve ever worked. There were some weeks on cruise ships that were nearly as bad, but then the craziness (usually a cast changeover or a partial charter) would end and life would go back to normal there.
+We also had a lot of really rough venues and a lot of places with really unskilled crews. And I’m not knocking crews in generally, we had some dynamite ones, but we were also sent to places like a community college in middle of nowhere Arkansas where our “crew” was a theater crafts class that showed up in flip flops and their teacher dropped them off for us to teach them and then disappeared.
+There was also this delightful day when one of the wheels sheared off a roadcase and then the power went out during the load out. It had been a two show day, starting with a matinee. This load out finished after 2:30 AM.
+Or this picture of all the happy people on the bus. Drinking mimosas for breakfast. Because we were broken down in a field in Iowa and we had to start our load in via phone with the locals. We got there about 3 hours late. Our busses broke down a lot.
+While this schedule was pretty rough and some of the venues were literally the worst, this crew was hands down the best I have ever worked with. That’s not to say I didn’t work with some great crews before, but the level of madness they threw at us on this tour – I’ve never seen a group so cohesively rise to every challenge set to them like this one. I hope I get to work with all of them again someday.
+Interested in what some of those other “day in a life’s” looked like? You can check them out here:
+12 thoughts on “A Day in the Life of a Non-Equity Touring Stage Manager”
+When I was in college, I was in the group that scheduled and coordinated the on campus entertainment. Most of the time it was pretty light fare, comedians or acoustic type stuff. But once per year they did a ‘big show’ where they brought in a national act. It was the longest day of the year, working to get everything setup, to all the work needed during the concert and then the tear down. It was so hard doing it one day a year (though I wouldn’t change it for the world as we had some great memories), and I couldn’t imagine doing it day in and day out. I have mad respect for those who do.
+Money Beagle recently posted…6 Things That Troubled Brick And Mortar Stores Need To Do
+You just go numb and keep moving. :oP And cross your fingers that you have a group of coworkers who are also incredibly skills and have a good sense of humor towards life.
+Thanks for the insight into the touring world. I cant imagine what it feels like to be away from my bed for more than 11 days, but I guess you can still bring your pillow along the ride. Good luck on your next tour.
+EL @ Moneywatch101 recently posted…How to Stop Financial Pride
+Bus beds are surprisingly comfy actually. I kind of liked my little coffin – when we had good drivers.
+Wow, that’s enough to make my head spin. Next time I see a show, I’m going to think long and hard about all the behind-the-scenes effort that goes into it. Thanks for a peek into your world.
+Gary @ Super Saving Tips recently posted…Best Personal Finance Books to Read This Year
+Thanks! But I think we’re doing our job best when no one in the audience is thinking about what’s happening behind the scenes ;o)
+I had no idea that all this went on behind the scenes. I’m amazed at the energy that they still have when they are on stage!
+Vickie@Vickie’s Kitchen and Garden recently posted…This Week in Our Home: Grandchildren, Painting, and Anniversary,
+That’s amazing all the prep work and time that goes on before the show even begins!
+Ann recently posted…Saving Money and Being Frugal – Week in Review – March 25, 2017
+These are so interesting to me! I didn’t know you had to prep everyone’s dressing rooms. The whole tour sounds like madness, but I’m glad you had some great people with you along the way!
+Femme recently posted…Financially Savvy Saturdays: 187th Edition
+I love day in the life posts. I felt exhausted just reading it and to think on top of it all you manage to blog too.
+Liz recently posted…FAFQs Series – Will My Student Loans Really Be Forgiven?
+Hahaha. I usually think I’ve lost my mind when I sit down to work on my blog while I’m on tour. The schedule definitely gets a little hectic.
+This is fascinating! The most I’ve ever done was a couple of years of stage crew back in high school. That was a pretty intense schedule you had. (I can never resist donuts, either! Yum!)
+Jamie @ Medium Sized Family recently posted…5 Ways We’ve Saved Money This Week 69
+Posted 06/22/2009 » Leave a comment » See all of my videos
+Young & Free is all about having a fresh perspective on life and connecting with things that are important to us. It's about jumping into the game and exploring every possibility available. Through this site I'm going to show you what's on and popping around Texas, and together we'll find out all kinds of awesome things. We might even learn a few things along the way. So jump in. Connect and get a new perspective.
+youngfreetexas (at) gmail dot com
+Name: DeAndre' Upshaw
+Age: 21
+Hometown: Conroe, Texas
+Zodiac Sign: Gemini
+Nicknames: Big D, The Grand Poobah of Awesome, Slick Daddy D
+I'm a senior at Baylor University graduating in May with a degree in Journalism Public Relations and a minor in Film and Digital Media. Right now I’m all about being the Young & Free Texas Spokesperson!
+Sometimes I like to make up words, use them in sentences and try to see if others notice. They usually don't.
+Interests:
+Singing, music, improv comedy, reality TV, the Internets, a variety of Web 2.0 type things
+Likes:
+Cheese, banana-flavored things (but not actual bananas), apple iuice (despite an allergy to apples) and temperate temperatures
+Pet peeves:
+People who walk in the middle of the street even though there are cars
+Color of choice:
+Red?
+Personal hero:
+Bill Cosby, yo! The Cosby Show is probably the best thing ever to grace a celluloid frame
+Favorite cartoon:
+Mission Hill. If you haven’t seen it, check it out on Adult Swim—it’s awesome
+Secret addiction:
+Soda. Probably the best and worst thing ever. Best because its awesome, worst because a can is pretty much 12 ounces of sugar
+What I want to be when I grow up:
+The Young & Free Texas Spokesperson. Looks like all my dreams have come true!
+• Beyonce
+• Maroon 5
+• Destiny’s Child
+• Amel Larrieux
+• Estelle
+• Alicia Keys
+• Pushing Daisies
+• Any reality show on Bravo or VH1 (for serious)
+• Ugly Betty
+• The Cosby Show
+My philosophy on books is: read everything! I purchase almost all of my books exclusively from thrift stores like the Goodwill or Salvation Army. For 5 bucks I can get about 13 awesome paperbacks.
+That being said: anything by John Grisham.
+My Application
+Posted 09/09/2008
+Thanks
+Posted 10/12/2008
+Video Challenge
+Posted 10/18/2008
+Awkward Moments
+Posted 10/19/2008
+PSA
+Posted 10/23/2008
+Surprise!
+Posted 10/31/2008
+Surprise Bonus Reel
+Posted 10/31/2008
+Thanks for Voting
+Posted 11/10/2008
+Tomorrow Never Dies
+Posted 11/17/2008
+Lake Jackson Parade
+Posted 11/25/2008
+Deepest Secrets
+Posted 12/01/2008
+Take a Breath!
+Posted 12/08/2008
+Gift Cards
+Posted 12/11/2008
+Buying or Leasing
+Posted 12/30/2008
+Back to Basics
+Posted 01/07/2009
+Tasha's Back
+Posted 01/11/2009
+Lake Jackson Song
+Posted 01/22/2009
+The Big Bowl-off-ski
+Posted 01/29/2009
+February Saving
+Posted 02/05/2009
+Using Cash
+Posted 02/13/2009
+Pixar Prize Draw Yo
+Posted 02/26/2009
+Win an xBox 360
+Posted 03/04/2009
+Coming to SC
+Posted 03/10/2009
+Hanging in SC
+Posted 03/23/2009
+On location at SXSW
+Posted 03/27/2009
+My Last Day
+Posted 04/01/2009
+My First Day
+Posted 04/02/2009
+Impending Awesome
+Posted 04/15/2009
+Jar-Jar
+Posted 04/16/2009
+Freeling Sonic
+Posted 04/21/2009
+Moving Tips
+Posted 05/14/2009
+Yellow Shirts
+Posted 05/19/2009
+Balanced Money
+Posted 05/29/2009
+99 Cent Store
+Posted 06/05/2009
+Tom Tom Festival
+Posted 06/15/2009
+Edward's Intro
+Posted 08/11/2008
+The Streets
+Posted 08/21/2008
+Truck Excitement
+Posted 08/26/2008
+Hurricane Ike Update
+Posted 09/18/2008
+Notice all of photos at the base of the home page? These are photos that have been tagged 'youngfreetexas' on Flickr. If you would like your photos to have a chance to be featured, here is a blog post that tells you exactly what to do.
+This page features my photos. Let me know what you think (youngfreetexas (at) gmail dot com).
+Have a question for any of the Y&F Texas Team? Send us an e-mail (youngfreetexas (at) gmail dot com).
+I may be the face of Young & Free Texas, but there are a number of behind-the-scenes folks who help me make it all happen. Trey Reeme and also the Y&F Team Web Guy and Gal, who both prefer to ride under the radar give me the support I need to be all Young & Free.
+Trey is the Director of Channel Integration at TDECU. He has been in and around social media and the Internets since he was able to grow facial hair. He championed the Young & Free Texas program at TDECU and is an all around cool guy. Without Trey, I would not have this spicy job. Make sure to follow Trey on Twitter!
+Jason is the Online Community Coordinator at TDECU. As Jason's Twitter profile states, "I work for a credit union. I get to do awesome things. My big project: youngfreetexas.com. Jason resides in Austin and was actually one of the finalists for the Y&F Texas Spokesperson job! Here is a video from his campaign.
+The Y&F Team Web Guy and Web Gal are in charge of all the stuff that happens behind the scenes on the website. They prefer not to be in the limelight. Enough said.
+That's my team. Needless to say, I am happy to have the help—there is a lot of Young & Free work to be done!
+DeAndre'
+On August 10, 2008, TDECU launched the Young & Free Texas Spokesperson search.
+Edward Speed's original video
+One of Trey Reeme's campaign update videos TDECU
+• Work 37.5 hours per week for a full year
+• Travel, attend and speak at events throughout the year
+• Produce and post video to the Internet
+• Post daily blog entries and weekly video blogs
+The Y&F Texas Spokesperson will be encouraged to attend post-secondary school. However, with the time commitment for this job, you’ll probably want to scale back to one or two courses per semester.
+We’ll set you up with everything you need for the job, including:
+• A Toyota Prius with a gas allowance
+• An Apple MacBook notebook computer with a paid Internet contract
+• A Canon digital camcorder
+• A Canon digital camera
+• A Flip digital video camera
+• An Apple iPhone with a paid contract
+These will be your tools of the trade. And best of all, you get to keep everything except the car. You’ll need to return the car in good working order at the end of the year.
+Get the spokesperson title for a full year and a $30,000 annual salary. No cue cards. No scripts. Just you, being yourself, speaking for us, TDECU. Create a buzz, get people talking and take home big bucks.
+From August 10 to October 3, 2008, 11 incredible young people answered the call. We where
+overwhelmed by the quality and quantity of very qualified applicants. Take some time and view the
+original submissions—they are fantastic!
+DeAndre' Upshaw
+Applied 09/09/2008
+» Video and blog
+Lauren Byers
+Applied 09/11/2008
+» Video and blog
+Jason Smith
+Appled 09/24/2008
+» Video and blog
+Annabelle Paterno
+Appled 09/29/2008
+» Video and blog
+Amy Gregory
+Applied 09/30/2008
+» Video and blog
+Jason Rogers
+Applied 10/02/2008
+» Video and blog
+Christina Grey
+Applied 10/02/2008
+» Video and blog
+Desiree Flores
+Applied 10/03/2008
+» Video and blog
+Daniel Barrera
+Applied 10/03/2008
+» Video and blog
+Justin Garcia
+Applied 10/03/2008
+» Video and blog
+Amy Acreman
+Applied 10/03/2008
+» Video and blog
+After a rigorous internal voting process, the top three finalists were announced on October 10, 2008. During the 14 day voting period, Jason Smith Amy Acreman and DeAndre Upshaw did everything in their power to get attention and draw voters into the site. Between the three of them, they contributed more than 15 pieces of content to the site during this time!
+Name: Jason Smith
+Age: 22
+City: Houston, Texas
+» Application video and blog
+» Facebook event
+» Flickr Photostream
+» Personal blog
+» Queen music video
+» Podcast
+» Twitter profile
+» Video: Thank You
+» Blog: Greatest things online
+» Blog: A word from Jason
+» Blog: A little tip from Jason
+» Video challenge
+» Blog: Indexed
+» Blog: Credit Score?
+» Song: TDECU is the place
+» Blog: The Final Countdown 2
+Name: Amy Acreman
+Age: 19
+City: Houston, Texas
+» Application video and blog
+» Facebook group
+» Flickr Photostream
+» Podcast
+» Twitter profile
+» MySpace page
+» Personal Blog
+» Video: Hello from Amy!
+» Blog: Amy's favorite things
+» Blog: Check this out!
+» Blog: Money savers!!
+» Blog: Gas prices
+» Blog: Google's free?
+» Blog: Goodbye things
+» Blog: Presidential election
+» Video challenge
+» Blog: Making the MOVIE
+» Blog: Halloween!
+» Blog: Amy's Weekly Thing
+» Blog: Voting ends TODAY
+» Sharenow Profile
+» Blog: Monday!
+» Blog: Website of the week
+» Blog: Go Green!
+Name: DeAndre' Upshaw
+Age: 21
+City: Waco, Texas
+» Application video and blog
+» Facebook event
+» Y&F campaign blog
+» Podcast 1
+» Podcast 2
+» Podcast 3
+» Plurk profile
+» Video: Thanks!
+» Blog: Found on the Internets
+» Blog: Liveplurking tonight
+» Blog: Y&F Halloween
+» Blog: Got A Sec?
+» Video challenge
+» Blog: Awkward moments
+» Blog: Well, woot to that!
+» Blog: It takes two...
+» Blog: The Wayback Machine
+» Blog: Brought to you by #1,506
+» Blog: Stayin' Alive
+» Video: PSA
+» Blog: Free for Me!
+» Blog: The Final Countdown!
+» Blog: Weekend Awesome!
+» Blog: Free for Me! Ice Cream!
+» Blog: G.A.S.? #2
+» Blog: IFiOTI: Adtunes
+July 03, 2009
+Fishing Fiesta
+Freeport » More
+July 04, 2009
+Independence Day
+» More
+Your savings are insured to at least $250,000 and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government.
+Content of Young & Free Texas is provided as information only and is not intended to serve as advice or representation whatsoever. Investigate these topics further by contacting appropriate advisors.
+More than five million people annually take tours to the US to see the Grand Canyon. Fascinating views, ragged clouds, golden sunsets and a thunderstorm going into the desert – it's really worth it. It's hard to underestimate the scale of the Canyon: it took the Colorado River, which gleams in the clay somewhere far below, 6 million years to cut through these rapids in the rocks.
+While traveling, walking and trekking in the Grand Canyon area, you will sooner or later be overtaken by hunger. Here is a selection of places where you can have a bite to eat or a complex meal, as well as relax and gain strength for the further road.
+What do they eat in Arizona
+Cuisine of the state of Arizona – a burning mix of Western culture and Mexican traditions.
+Meat is appreciated here and they know how to cook it. It is customary to serve a large green salad or grilled vegetables for the main course. Chili peppers, thick meat sauces, hearty soups – all this is highly appreciated by the people of the Grand Canyon state.
+An important symbol of Arizona cuisine – Chimichanga is a deep-fried burrito. An absolute classic – chimichanga with beans and minced meat, but vegetarian versions are becoming increasingly popular. Contrary to popular belief, this type of burrito was not invented in Mexico, but in Arizona.
+Light snack (Grab and Go)
+Looking for an early breakfast before sunrise in the canyon, or want to break for lunch while cycling? Consider where you can grab a quick bite or grab some food to have a picnic with a view.
+Even the smallest fast food establishment will always offer vegetarian or gluten-free options, which are greatly appreciated by those who come on food tours . In addition, in such eateries you can usually find a gift shop, buy warm socks, a raincoat or sunscreen.
+➤ Yavapai Coffee Shop
+The snack bar at Yavapai Lodge opens at 6am. Here you will find salads and sandwiches, burritos, decent coffee and a variety of pastries for breakfast – fresh bagels and croissants.
+Great for a quick bite – You place your order yourself using the photo of the dishes in the kiosk, from which it will immediately go to the kitchen.
+Where to look: 11 Yavapai Lodge Road, Grand Canyon Village.
+Things to try:
+- roast beef sandwich,
+- chef's salad with turkey, ham and cheese.
+Photo: visitgrandcanyon.com
+➤ Canyon Coffee House
+The coffee shop opens at 5:30 – this is a great chance to grab a bite to eat and head out to meet the sun. From the very morning you will be offered freshly baked cinnamon rolls or a bagel with curd cheese.
+However, you can meet the dawn right here with a cup of good hot coffee – views are excellent. A richer breakfast is served from 6 am. For a boost of energy, opt for a classic spiced sausage burrito.
+The coffee shop is located at the Bright Angel Lodge hotel complex on the very edge of the North Rim of the Canyon. You can grab snacks, sandwiches, ready-made lunches in boxes – it's fast and convenient.
+Where to find: 9 Village Loop Drive, Grand Canyon Village.
+Things to try:
+- breakfast burrito,
+- root beer float.
+➤ Hermit Rest's Snack Bar
+During the summer months, the cafe opens at 8 am. A good chance to have breakfast in the setting of a hermitage from the first quarter of the 20th century – The house in which the bar is located is over a hundred years old. Inside, the original wooden furniture and a huge fireplace made of boulders have been preserved.
+Quiet and secluded place, amazing views – at the exit there are small tables with an excellent view – and a simple quick bite.
+Where to look: Western end of Hermit Road.
+Things to try:
+- Sandwich with Roast Turkey and American Cheese
+- Homemade Signature Biscuits
+Photo: visitgrandcanyon.com
+➤ Deli in the Pines
+Secluded place away from others, opens at 6 am. The diner is famous for pizza (you can take a whole or part of it) and ice cream, but be sure to ask what today's dish of the day – here they cook soups and hot chili in a thick sauce.
+You can eat here or grab salads and sandwiches to go and watch the sunset.
+Where to look: 6225 AZ-67, North Rim, Grand Canyon Lodge.
+Things to try:
+- soft ice cream of various varieties,
+- pizza with chorizo sausages.
+Food trucks
+Food truck – a kitchen on wheels, from the window of which you will be served a conveniently packaged snack. This is a full-fledged and universally recognized component of American cuisine. World-famous chefs try this format and earn Michelin stars with them, and for young and promising chefs, this is a favorite way to try themselves and travel around the country with new projects. If you see such a trailer on the road, do not deny yourself a pit stop.
+There are a couple of permanent food trucks in the Grand Canyon area, in the specific weather conditions of the desert and rocks, they can operate only during the warm months.
+➤ Fred Harvey Food Truck
+A bright red van has the words “In Hospitality Since 1905” written on it. And this is really classic American food on the go: nothing special, ordinary hot dogs, burgers and homemade chips. But it's delicious, simple and convenient if you don't want to go into an establishment and deal with choosing dishes and ordering.
+Where to look: between El Tovar and Hopi House hotels.
+➤ Sustain Your Hike Food Cart
+A nimble golf cart delivers snacks throughout the day: look for a sticker with a picture of a compass and a hiking boot. The driver will be able to offer you a sandwich with tuna, ham or turkey, jerky (jerky), cookies and assorted drinks. Have iced coffee or electrolytes if you're planning a sport or climb.
+Where to look:
+- between Hopi House and Verkamp’s Visitor&rsquo ;s Center;
+- at Thunderbird and Kachina Lodge;
+- on the Bright Angel Walking Trail;
+- at the Grand Canyon Train Depot.
+Full lunch and dinner
+After a long day full of hiking and experiences, indulge in a hearty lunch or dinner. It cannot be said that in the Grand Canyon National Park you will find a restaurant at every turn, but the choice is significant. Decide – a spicy Native American classic or a hearty southern-inspired steak? Maybe a homemade dinner in the style of a classic barbecue or elegant cocktails accompanied by live music? Let's go in search of a suitable place.
+➤ Phantom Ranch
+A classic ranch with horses at the very bottom of the canyon – already sounds like an adventure, right? It can be reached on foot via the Bright Angel or Kaibab Trail (note that the hike route is not the easiest), by mule from the Grand Canyon South Rim, or by rafting along the Colorado River.
+Dinner is served from 17:00. Rate meat dishes – steaks or stewed beef (beef stew) according to an old recipe. Fresh salads are always served with the main course. Especially for Phantom Ranch, the local brewery brews three types of beer.
+You can also stay here for the night if you are lucky enough to take a free seat – wild-looking cowboy houses are equipped with amenities. Of particular note are the hearty local breakfasts with homemade pancakes and every egg and bacon dish imaginable.
+From here you can send cards to loved ones with a special stamp, mules will deliver it to the nearest post office.
+Where to look: North Kaibab Trail, North Rim, landmark – Phantom Ranger Station.
+Things to try:
+- New York steak,
+- freshly baked cornbread .
+➤ The Sky View Restaurant
+A restaurant with a large observation deck in the form of a suspension bridge, surrounded by rocks on all sides. This place is often visited during photo tours. The views more than compensate for the modest menu.
+Here you will be offered American classics – burgers – meat and vegetarian, sandwiches and chicken fingers with french fries and sauces. Large portions and great views of the Canyon, even if you don't get a window seat.
+Where to look:808 Eagle Point Road, Peach Springs.
+Things to try:
+- chicken tenders,
+- cheeseburger with marbled beef patty.
+Photo: grandcanyonwest.com
+➤ Canyon Village Market Place and Deli
+Full takeaway lunch – fresh salads and sandwiches. You can sit on a large veranda with local pizza and wings.
+The cafe is located at a large market, if you wish, you can buy local hot sauces or souvenirs as a gift, replenish water supplies or buy any tourist ammunition for a sightseeing tour of the Canyon . Around the corner – post office if you ever want to send a postcard.
+Where to look:Market Plaza Road, Grand Canyon.
+Things to Try:
+- Canyon Breakfast Burrito,
+- Thick Meat Chowder with with southern spices cheese and sour cream (hearty chili).
+➤ El Tovar Dining Room
+A haute European cuisine restaurant with picturesque views is suitable even for a special occasion. Large selection of fish and poultry, beef stroganoff, steaks, an unusual menu of desserts – creme brulee is served here with the thinnest layer of jalapeno pepper jelly – twist in the classics, so that the guest does not forget about the proximity of Mexico.
+A bar, sheathed in dark wood, the atmosphere of an old hotel abandoned somewhere in the mountains – time seems to have stopped here at the beginning of the 20th century. Waiters in white gloves and crispy napkins – an exceptional level of service in the middle of a red desert. Please note that reservations are required, especially during high season.
+Where to look: 1 El Tovar Road, Grand Canyon Village.
+Must try:
+- signature French Onion Soup – this onion soup has been on the menu for over 70 years,
+- pork chops with apple and jalapeño chutney).
+< img
+Photo: grandcanyonlodges.com
+➤ Cameron Trading Post and Restaurant
+A great chance to taste traditional Navajo Indian cuisine. The portions are really generous, you can order with the expectation of sharing them and trying as many different things as possible.
+In the gift shop at the – dream catchers, ceramics and handmade Indian jewelry.
+Where to look: 466 North Highway 89, Cameron.
+Things to try:
+- Navajo taco – served on homemade frybread,
+- spicy roast beef with meat sauce (Navajo Hot Beef).
+➤ Yavapai Tavern
+Juicy handmade burgers and pizza, salads and sandwiches. Large selection of beer and a full bar menu. You can sit outside and enjoy the rest after a long walk even in the cold season – the veranda is heated by gas burners.
+Where to look: 11 Yavapai Lodge, Grand Canyon Village.
+Must try:
+- Elk melt sandwich,
+- large green salad with grilled vegetables and lime vinaigrette (Southwest salad).
+Photo: visitgrandcanyon.com< /p>
+➤ Grand Cookout
+Big tent in the middle of the desert. Falling twilight and cozily hissing gas lamps – time seems to have stopped here. It is worth taking the author's tour, and a train from the 1920s will bring you here, there is a theater stage, dinner will be accompanied by live music, Native American fairy tales and cowboy-style performances. Classic American food, drinks and seasonal fruits are a welcome addition to this experience.
+Where to look:Highway 67, Fredonia, landmark – Grand Canyon Lodge – North Rim.
+Things to try:
+- BBQ chicken,
+- brisket – steaked and smoked beef brisket.
+➤ Arizona Steakhouse
+Here you will find decent aged steaks, poultry or grilled fish, cooked in the best southern traditions. Large selection of salads and sandwiches, on the menu you will find Native American heritage – bright spices, large portions and lots of vegetables.
+The bar list consists of local wines and spirits. Good selection of cocktails – basil with cucumber or hot jalapeno pepper can be added to a classic margarita. One of the must-sees on a wine tour.
+Where to look: 10 Albright Avenue, Grand Canyon Village.
+Things to try:
+- spicy and thick Indian soup (House-made Tortilla Soup),
+- BBQ pork ribs.
+< p>
+Photo: grandcanyonlodges.com
+➤ The Grand Hotel
+There are two options for lunch or dinner at the hotel – a good steakhouse and a cozy saloon for aperitifs or a couple of cocktails in the atmosphere of a cozy hunting lodge and accompanied by live music. If you are still looking for a place to stay, keep in mind that there is a 10% discount for hotel guests in the restaurant.
+Here you will also find a shop where you can go hunting for unusual souvenirs – be sure to look out for Native American jewelry and knives.
+Where to look: 149 State Highway 64, Grand Canyon.
+Things to try:
+- Valley of the sun chicken wings
+- pork ribs in signature citrus BBQ sauce (Slow smoked ribs).
+Welcome to Day TWO of the Crescent Moon Press blog tour. I’m David. Lynn writes about me in Wasteland, which is soon to be released by Crescent Moon Press.
+Be sure to visit all the author blogs and websites on May 24th, 25th & 26th. Each has a quest for great prizes and a chance at the final Grand Prize: A Kindle or Nook (your choice) filled with a dozen books from Crescent Moon Press!
+I have not encountered one of these devices called a Nook or Kindle yet, but I understand they are quite popular. If I only had time to relax and read a book…too busy searching for my Mark, Jessica Hanks.
+Onto the quest …..
+Today’s prize is my Fit In Anywhere Pack:
+Starbucks Gift Card
+Baseball cap
+Sunglasses
+Gum
+People magazine
+Being over four hundred years old and having just been released from a long spell in sensory deprivation, I didn’t understand the first thing about fitting into this strange era. This little Fit In Anywhere Pack helped, so I figured I would share it. . .
+Here’s how to enter
+1. Email Lynn (lynnrush@cox.net) the answer to this question: How long was I in sensory deprivation? Here’s a hint –>The answer is HERE. **don’t leave the answer in the comments** Doing this earns you one entry in the grand prize drawing and one entry in today’s drawing.
+2. For an additional TWO entries into today’s drawing, click HERE and “like” the Crescent Moon Press Facebook page.
+3. For an additional THREE entries into today’s drawing, leave a comment here telling me what your favorite Starbucks drink is.
+Now, onto your next stop with Rachel Firasek
+~~~~
+I will draw the winner tonight and post it in the comments by tomorow, so you might want to choose the subscribe to comments or remember to check back to see if you’re the winner.
+Best of luck on all the quests.
+~~~~
+My favorite Starbucks drink is ONLY available at the Starbucks in Meriden, CT.
+1/2 decaf iced coffee, venti, 2% milk, 4 pumps of CD (that’s cinnamon dolce for the uninitiated) in a double hot cup.
+My Starbucks is the only one, that I know of, in the country that has decaf iced coffee available 24/7/365.
+Hello, Lindsay. Thanks for leaving a comment! Your drink sounds very tasty.
+I love the mocha frappacino most of the time, but I also love the Awake tea latte with a single tea bag!
+Hello, Lisa. I have once tried something called a Frappacino at Starbucks, but, call me old fashioned, I rather like just black coffee. 🙂 I might venture a try with the teas, though.
+My favorite drink is the Punpkin Spice Lattee. It’s seasonal of course but I usually drink skinny lattees. 🙂 I already Like Crescent Moon Press.
+Thanks for commenting, Ciara. I have heard the caramel apple cider is quite good as well.
+I don’t get starbucks very often since there isn’t one in my town, but I love a mocha with a shot of espresso! I liked the facebook page, too. 🙂
+Thanks, Theresa. I once heard a man order extra shots of espresso. He must need extra energy to endure his day.
+Hands down, the Mocha Light Frappuccino! Boy, I wish I had one now! 🙂
+I may have to get some coffee very soon. Long day ahead searching for my Mark…
+My favorite Starbucks drink is the Spiced Apple Cider they have in the fall…any other time, I usually get one of their teas!
+Hi, Victoria. Is this the one with caramel? It sounds very good.
+My favorite is the Caffe Vanilla Frappucino
+Hello, Rylee. Thanks for commenting. Best of luck on winning the grand prize!
+Mocha Frappacino is my absolute favorite.
+Hi, JeanP. This seems to be a popular one.
+i like just a regular coffee. i know that is boring but i like coffee flavored coffee.
+I, too, enjoy the plain, black coffee. Evidently it’s not as “in” –or so I’m told. But like I refused to cut my hair to “fit in” I will stick with my boring coffee.
+Mmm…Starbuck’s! I usually make my own at home, but when I venture out, I order a venti sugar-free skinny vanilla latte. I could drink five of those in a row. *GLUG* 🙂
+Hello, Kendall. Please, give my regards to Gavin. I have not forgotten our….enlightening interview. You can make Starbucks coffee at your home?
+Mocha Frapp all the way, baby!!
+Hello, Jillian. Thanks for stopping by. Hope you are able to enjoy a Mocha Frapp today!
+I like Dunkin Donuts iced coffee. 😉
+Nice quest, David. Good luck to the participants!
+Looking forward to reading your book, Lynn.
+Dunkin Donuts. . . I have not tried their coffee yet. But you like it more than Starbucks. That is saying something, indeed!
+My favorite Starbucks drink is: Medium Vanilla Iced Mocha.
+Thank you, Tricia.
+David- you must try the Mocha with a shot of cinnamon syrup, smothered in whipped cream, and topped with lots of chocolate drizzle! And the mocha frappe (the iced version also w/cinnamon) is to die for.
+Calisa, I do think I would rather enjoy the whipped cream and cinnamon. But with chocolate, too?
+I treated myself to just this Friday. The lady forgot the whipped cream AND the chocolate… I did not enjoy my expensive treat as much as I had anticipated. 🙁 YES! Must have the chocolate, too!!!
+Um I forgot to follow. 😉
+Thank you, Calisa
+It would have to be the hot chocolate, as I don’t really like coffee. Mind you, I like coffee flavored ice cream and coffee flavored candy, but not so much with the real thing.
+I fail at coffeeness.
+LeSigh
+Annie. Coffee flavored ice cream….I will have to try some of that.
+The orange mango smoothie is my favorite drink (not a coffee drinker).
+I have had the orange mango smoothie. Very good!
+Hey Lynn,
+Just stopping by to say hello to you and David. Coffee is not my thing, but hand me a tall glass of Pepsi and I’m ready to go.
+Awesome prizes and great post!
+Hello, Shannon. I do know, that while Lynn was penning this novel, she consumed an extreme amount of Diet Pepsi. I often hear her commenting about how much she likes soda.
+My Favorite Starbucks is the Vente Hot Chocolate with wonderful whipped cream. Yum!!!
+Thank you, Susan. Chocolate and whipped cream do go well together I must admit.
+My favorite is the Mocha Frapp. A couple weeks ago I tried the Mocha Coconut Frapp and it was delicious. You have to like Coconut!!!
+Judy
+magnolias_1[at]msn[dot]com
+Judy. That sounds like a great drink
+Oh, I’m a hot chocolate type of gal!
+I, too, enjoy the hot chocolate. More with whipped cream. My cohort, Gage, tells me I lost my “man card” by admitting that; however, I’m not sure I understand the idea of “man card” yet. . . .so much to learn about this era.
+I am a tea person so I try whatever green tea they have available.
+Green tea…so, they are identified by colors?
+My favorite Starbucks drink is a Moca Frappacino. Enjoying the tour.
+Thanks, Alicia. I’m glad you’re enjoying the tour of blogs. Such an interesting concept.
+No caffiene here, I love the salted caramel hot chocolate. Nice site BTW. 🙂
+Salted Caramel hot chocolate. That is a new combination of flavors….but it sounds very good.
+I’m a huge fan of the peppermint cocoa that they have during the holidays. It just doesn’t seem like the holidays without it.
+Best Wishes,
+Beth Oliver
+I look forward to trying that this holiday season.
+I love the Zen green tea.
+Zen…I need a little of that right now.
+Am I allowed to comment since David is running the blog today? 🙂
+Looks like you’re having fun, David. You like this technology thing more than you let on…
+i’m not a coffee drinker, but I love the caramel apple cider for sure. Extra caramel!
+Hi, Lynn. Of course you’re welcome. And yes….I think I am learning more about this technology. It’s not….so bad.
+My favorite drink is a Venti Gingerbread Soy Chai. It’s very tasty. But since it’s seasonal, I get by with a Cinnamon Dolce Soy Chai instead.
+Amy–that is quite a mouthful to say…Venti Gingerbread Soy Chai. Then again, I am quite new at this type of coffee ordering.
+My favourite drink at Starbucks is: Caramel Frappuccino Light Blend
+Which i would quite happily share with David any day
+Why thank you, Kate. I am honored.
+Liked the Crescent Moon Press on facebook.
+Strawberry Vivanno Smoothie is my favorite drink.
+Thanks for giveway,
+Heather Powers
+earthsbooknook at gmail dot com
+Thank you, Heather. Best of luck on the drawings.
+Caramel Macchiato is the bomb.
+“Is the bomb.” This is a new slang phrase I’ll have to remember. Thanks for visiting, Brinda.
+What a great way to get comments! Hi David – my favorite Starbucks is straight up black coffee and I’m really happy when they’re brewing Sumatran
+Finally, someone who likes black coffee. By straight up black, I’m assuming you do not add any creamer. I do like creamer on occasion…but mostly just plain.
+Mocha light frappachino with an add shot, yummy, actually I just finished one. They make me happy and easier to live with =)
+Does caffeine not affect you? It is so late and you just finished a coffee with a shot? You must be part demon like me if not affected by the caffeine . . .
+Hi Lynn, I always order a skinny latte with sugar free caramel flavor. It’s yummy! Having great fun here.
+Thank you, Hildie. CMP is putting on a great tour!
+My fav. would have to be anything with lots of extra shots and pepperment and choc. flavoring!!!!
+Ok I did all three things, emailed you, liked the publishers page and now….
+My favorite Startbucks drink is a Double-Chocolate Chip Frappucino! 🙂
+Yum!
+Good luck with the new book!!!
+Lisa 🙂
+Thank you, Lisa. Sorry for my delayed response. I ran into some….trouble….with my mission to get Jessica Hanks. Thanks for commenting!
+It’s probably too late since you said you were drawing the winner tonight, but my favorite Starbucks drink is Iced Chai Tea
+I also followed you on Facebook as Carol Anderson Ezovski
+I e-mailed you the answer also
+Digicat {at} Sbcglobal {dot} Net
+Thank you, Carolsue!
+oooh. Caramel Macchiato skinny. YUMMY
+Good morning, everyone. I have drawn a winner! First, thank you, everyone, for entering.
+And the name I drew was…..
+**********Stephanie Van Winkle (comment 9:08pm)*********
+Please contact Lynn –>lynnrush@cox.net and she will tell you how to claim your prize!
+I “like” the Crescent Moon Press Facebook page as Demitra Giote.
+My favourite drink at Starbucks is: Mocha Frappuccino Blended Coffee.
+Hello, Diana. Thank you!
+I know you’ve drawn a winner but for the grand prize, we have to do them all and I’m joining late. 🙂 So just for kicks and giggles, my fave drink is an oldie, the Blackberry Green Tea Frappucino. I loved it and miss it! The book sounds fantastic, good luck with it!
+Hi, Tara. Yes. You are to do the quests on each for the grand prize. Thank you for commenting here as well! Thank you for your well wishes on the book.
+I don’t go to Starbucks too often because they are a little pricey and I’m not big into coffee. But I do like their Frappuccinos- the strawberries and creme or the vanilla bean. Lookin on there site has me wanting to try there Vivanno smooties. .
+I do enjoy their smoothies. Thank you for commenting!
+I liked the cresent moon facebook page.
+Thank you!
+Hi Lynn! I’m just stopping by to say hi. My favorite Starbucks, by the way, is chai latte with a shot of pumpkin spice syrup. Too bad the flavor is seasonal and not year-round!
+Hello, Jennifer. I’ll tell Lynn you said hello. Thanks for sharing your favorite drink with us.
+My favorite starbucks drink is strawberry and cream.
+Liked CMP facebook page.
+Your book sounds great!
+Thanks!
+Dottie 🙂
+Hello, Dottie. Thank you. We are quite excited for the book release. Thank you for commenting.
+ToonDoo offers two services when you go to sign up, and while one is promoted for educators, I suggest you select the FREE public individual user account. Once you have registered (there are fields requesting the standard username, password and email), you will arrive at a busy window as seen below.
+You will need to select your template for the cartoon. There are 15 options ranging from 1-4 frames in vertical or horizontal layouts. (I will note that if you intend to use comics in a book later that you will want to stick with the horizontal layout.) Depending on your selection, the next window may vary slightly, but essentially you are taken to your editing menu. Allow a minute or two for it to load this first time; subsequent visits won't take as long. The video below walks you through the basics and introduces you to the TraitR tool that allows you to create your own characters for the comic.
+A bit of cautionary advise: depending on traffic and the complexity of your creation, it may take several minutes to process your ToonDoo when it comes time to save. As long as you complete all the steps, it's okay to close the browser. Once the processing is complete, you will get an email from the ToonDude letting you know that the new toon is in your library. Toons can be shared in multiple ways. On a most basic level, you can download your creations as a png.
+The ToonDoo site has a WordPress Blog with resources for teachers. You can access it here. There is also a wiki full of resources although you have to be selective. Another school district put together a comprehensive SlideShare of the editing tools which you can see here. Keep in mind that there are social aspects to ToonDoo as well. Commenting and sharing are possible and open a whole new realm of possible applications.:
+It is important to note that while the site claims to be for students of any age, their Privacy policy clearly states that it is not intended for users under 13 years old without "verified parental consent." You may want to investigate similar free tools on your own: Pixton, Make Beliefs Comics, and Read Write Think's Comic Creator.
+I could see our teachers using ToonDoo to present the idea of Reader's Workshop vs. the Traditional Reading Block. They could create a ToonDoo and then use it at the beginning of the year and when we have new students come in mid-year, which is quite often. I think the idea of creating comics would have wide-spread appeal with our students, especially the upper-elementary kids. I could see ELA teachers using this when asking kids to create an alternate ending to a story. This would incorporate higher-level thinking while asking the kids to write, collaborate, and create.
+I just made one with the introduction to a song. I could use this to introduce ideas or new vocabulary, start a lesson, or as a bell ringer. Also, could use the png of the image for a screen saver, or homepage of my website for the kids. Overall this is easy to use, and I like all the different choices of animation and characters.
+I wish this tool had existed when I was younger. I always hated the assignments where we had to draw a comic, but only because I can't draw to save my life.
+I could see having students create a comic to summarize a novel or play they have read. To really challenge the high school students, they must summarize the work in only four panels. If they do this for each work we have read, then at the end of the year, they can put all the comics together into a book as a type of portfolio to showcase what we have done the whole year.
+I could also see using the comics to have students create their own version of how they picture certain inventions or discoveries coming about. I can picture very funny interpretations of Franklin outside during a storm with a kite. This assignment would show how creative our students can be and allow them to think outside the box.
+I cannot draw a lick so this is a great tool for someone like me. My students even make fun of me when I attempt to draw the simplest of pictures to illustrate a math concept!
+This would be great to use to introduce a lesson. It is a nice alternative to a flipchart. I know my students would enjoy creating one but again, teaching elementary age students, these programs that require students to be at least 13 years of age eliminates a lot of good options.
+Keep in mind that this tool can be used by younger students once you have secured parental consent.
+As I prepare for a new group of students next semester, I can see using this to deliver my 1st day policies and class procedures. This is more engaging than the flipcharts I am currently using for this purpose.
+Students could use this tool to create a comic to illustrate the lyrics to a song, or to create a story to go with a song we are working on in class.
+I like the idea of students using this site to create a study guide to share with other students that highlights concepts that will appear on the next test. It is also another way to introduce a lesson-a teacher-created comic to grab interest. It would be neat to have a whole unit introduced with comics that are connected like a soap-opera, with a plot that keeps kids coming back for more each day.
+Next semester I teach a creative writing class and I see this as a perfect tool to work on concise writing.
+Comics are short with little text. The goal is economy of words.
+The assignment I envision is to have my students create a ToonDo with four blocks but less that 50 total words. With so few words, the challenge to to get your point across without relying on tons of words.
+And of course, it would be really fun to see how they put those few words to images.
+Fun!! This would be a fun way to chronicle a lab - students would use themselves as the characters. This would also be a fun way to tell the history of something - like the atom. Or the story of how ionic/covalent bonding occurs.
+ToonDoo is so cute! I want to make little comic books for my nephew. From the educational point, I could use ToonDoo for students to illustrate a story problem for math. It would need to be a multiple step story problem, but they could show and solve it through the frames of the comic. This would show understanding of the lesson, because they would need to explain each step of the problem as they solved it through the comic. I also think this is would be a great way for students to chronicle the school year. They could create it and add to it for important events or days in their lives. As obsessed as many of my students are with drawing and comics, this may be worth getting parental permission to use.
+I am artistically challenged when it comes to drawing, so this is a wonderful tool to add to the arsenal. I have done activities where I have asked students to illustrate various portions of a story or rewrite it. This would be a great way to spice that activitiy up. Students could create a ToonDoo instead of drawing their illustrations.
+This would also be a fun and interactive way to introduce classroom policies, notes, and other informational things that some students find "boring" when they are presented using things like Activinspire and other presentaion tools.
+This comment has been removed by the author.
+As I was learning about this tool, I was thinking that it would be great to use with my problem solving lessons that I do. Often with problem solving, I draw pictures, and am horrible at it. So, with this tool, I can illustrate the mini unit that I do. It will make it more fun. To check for their understanding, I can have them create their own problem solving toon and show it to the class.
+At what point does my head stop spinning from the possibilities of these new tools. How do we manage to find time for all the fun stuff now?
+I use something similar to this called BitStrips, but its blocked on the kids' computers so its exciting to see an alternative.
+I've always loved it when learners re-write or re-state what they're learning because of the spin they can put on it. Comics are fun to draw, but so many kids feel limited by their artistic abilities (including myself), so this is a great way to bridge that gap.
+This would also be a great way to put together some kind of review book on a unit. I often break up content for kids to work on and they could chronicle what they're learning as a comic narrative to look back to during studying. They could focus on making comics for mnemonics (or poems?) in a graphic way. Plus, we all love good puns.
+This would be a great way to introduce a unit or review for a unit test. The students could also use it to summarize what they have learned in a lesson or unit. I like Kara's idea to use it to introduce class rules and procedures.
+Even my stick figures are the pits so this is great for me! WIth it being again for the 13 year and older category unless you have a consent this limits me being 4th grade. I am also limited because our students do not have the one to one devices. I am doing a novel right now and the kids have to summarize each chapter as we read. I can totally see them using this as one option for them. I also have kids give me an "exit" answer of the day of something they learned. I can have them create one of these on Friday to use as a type of assessment. I also see using this as another fun way to journal our science lab activities or to use for any journaling. I also like the points that have been made about introducing a topic or concept using one that I have made. I know the first section of the newspaper that I always turn to is the comics I am sure kids would be tuned in a lot more.
+I agree with other commenters that this tool would be useful to present rules and procedures to students in an engaging way. Teachers could create several for routine classroom activities: lining up, cafeteria rules, hallway rules, etc. I can also see this as a social learning tool for students with autism. Individualized social stories are created for situations that are difficult for students with autism. Visuals -especially this cartoon format usually works much better as a way to encourage more socially appropriate behavior and once created could be used over an over when needed. Students could create a cartoon to demonstrate an understanding of subject/ predicate with the two box layout or students could illustrate the parts of speech.
+I cannot draw. I tell my students that an artist I am not, and to pretend that those are great figures. This would take all of that away. Of course, I think they like being able to laugh at my drawings! This could help in visualizing the proportion idea of shadows and tall objects using proportional triangles. Usually this topic comes up in class during winter, when it is too cold to go outside. This would help recreate those ideas while staying warm inside! Students could use this to help get their idea across if I made the cartoon, and then they filled in their bubbles. I could use that to see exactly what the student knows and where I should redirect!
+As a coach this tool took me some time to think how I would use it in my work. I loved all the ideas the teachers came up with for use in their rooms and ideas that I can share with others.
+In my work I see me using this to start a training off with humor that would be a starting point of why the training will be beneficial to those in attendance. I have gotten many ideas of way to spice up my presentations.
+This comment has been removed by the author.
+I plan on using ToonDoo to replace a project that I give to my third year students. They have the option of filming a skit or creating a comic to depict a restaurant scene. In the past my students have used Comic Life () to create comics using pictures that they have taken themselves. While I like this option, I think it would be good to change it up and let them put more of an artistic flare on it. I also think they would enjoy it more than the origial assignment since they get to learn how to use a new tool.
+If you've not seen/used Comic Life, it's a fun tool too!
+Enjoyed the demo, Michelle. ToonDoo could be used to present a rather complex real-life mathematic problem that could be solved in different ways. Students then could be challenged to create segment two of the ToonDoo demonstrating how to solve the problem given.
+I have students creating informational presentation for other students at feeder schools and this would be a much more interactive way for students to showcase their content. My kids have made a lot of prezis, but that novelty only lasts so long. We have to keep upping the anty.
+I really like Brian B and Andrea E's ideas! Both would be ways I would think of to use the tool. I think this is a great tool for helping kids understand math concepts, as Robin F. also said. I think that any complex concept that might need a visual is a great use for this tool. It's good for those of us who can't draw but want to be artistic, but it is also a great way to do a 'still' of say, a movie they may have made using ExtraNormal. So instead of a movie, they can have the option of doing a ToonDoo. Allows some choice as well as another way they can express themselves. I used an entire comic version of a textbook I found that i used with preservice teachers, and all of the concepts were there without being text heavy or preachy. You can show through scenarios the same type of thing it would take more words to create. Most loved it, but that also showed me who's learning style was very different than that. So it may overstimulate some, but it is definitely a great option. The only other thing I will say is that I'm glad there was a wiki story on how to build a rubric around this type of assessment. it was helpful.
+For biology, students could create a comic about a cell undergoing mitosis and/or meiosis. I don't teach immunology, but students could follow a bacteria or virus as it infects a person or animal. Maybe science students could do a science topic of the month that can be published in the school paper.
+You could use this tool to do a weekly review of instruction. I would use it to make a book with pages containing the daily lesson on a particular subject. My lessons build on each other for the week starting with the basics and expanding to a more elaborate skill. The type of book I could make would walk them through how we arrived at the final lesson and skill learned in a fun way.
+I was thinking my kiddos could use this as a final activity to wrap up a science or social studies unit-a chance to show what they know in an interactive way.
+I'm interested in looking into the Comic Life tool as well.
+I saw this after I had led the students into the 31 other tools for digital storytelling. But I can add this as a choice for the logic books my geometry students write. This year I had my students write a conditional children's book and it could easily be adapted into a comic.
+Love Michelle Roach's idea of chronicling a lab. I was really struggling on how to use this in the science classroom. This idea lead me to the idea of using this tool to an image of a cell and relate it to a factory or a school. Students could create a comic of a day in the life of an organism for our ecology unit.
+.
+I might use ToonDoo as a way to teach point of view. I could have my students take the perspective of a minor character and create a new storyline. My struggling boys might find this an engaging way to write. It will keep their attention as they come up with new ideas.
+It could also be used to summarize a novel or short story. Summarizing is such an important skill and students sometimes struggle with it. As was mentioned above, this is a good tool to allow students minimumal space to get their point across.
+Immediately I thought of the story we just finished "What Do Illustrators Do?" when seeing this. The students could use this to explain the steps of an illustrator when involved in a book project to show their understanding and have a much better time! As a teacher I could deliver information such as classroom rules and character education topics. Those can each be difficult for students to give undivided attention to, but this would help.
+This tool could be used by asking a student to create a toon showing what life would look like and how things would be different if they woke up tomorrow and the issue they are having trouble with was gone. Looking for positives and hoping they get a vision of how things can be better.
+It’s true what people say… When a loved one dies, a piece of us dies with them. All the pain and sorrow the death of a family member or a dear friend leaves behind is truly overwhelming.
+Even though many of us think that there is no way to comfort someone after such a loss, the truth is that a kind word can go a long way. However, choosing the right words to express your condolences may be the tricky part.
+To help you write a condolence card message for a grieving family or someone you know who is dealing with the death of a loved one, I’ve gathered the most heart-touching sympathy quotes I found online in the collection below.
+Your words perhaps can’t erase their pain, but they definitely have the ability to make it hurt a little less. Sometimes, just knowing you aren’t alone with your pain can kindle hope for a better tomorrow
+Heartfelt Sympathy Quotes And Condolence Messages
+2. “Those we love don’t go away; they walk beside us every day. You have my deepest sympathies and heartfelt condolences.”
+3. “You don’t go around grieving all the time, but the grief is still there and always will be.” – Nigella Lawson
+4. “When you are sorrowful, look again in your heart, and you shall see that, in truth, you are weeping for that which has been your delight.” – Kahlil Gibran
+5. “Death leaves a heartache no one can heal, love leaves a memory no one can steal. May you remember to hold tight onto your memories. They will be with you forever, keeping your loved one close for the rest of your days.”
+6. .” – Nicholas Sparks
+7. “They say that a part of you dies when a special loved one passes away… I disagree… I say a part of you lives with your loved one on the other side.” – Daniel Yanez
+8. “Wishing you peace to bring comfort, courage to face the days ahead, and loving memories to forever hold in your heart.”
+9. “Some losses don’t hurt just for a while; they hurt for a lifetime.” – Narin Grewal
+10. “Tenderly, may time heal your sorrow. Gently, may your friends ease your pain. Softly, may peace replace heartaches, and your warmest memories remain.”
+Inspirational Sympathy Quotes
+1. “Death ends a life, not a relationship. All the love you created is still there. All the memories are still there. You live on – in the hearts of everyone you have touched and nurtured while you were here.” – Mitch Albom
+2. “Oh heart, if one should say to you that the soul perishes like the body, answer that the flower withers, but the seed remains.” – Kahlil Gibran
+3. “The season of mourning, Like spring, summer, fall, and winter, will also pass.” – Molly Fumia
+4. “Grief is like the ocean; it comes in waves ebbing and flowing. Sometimes the water is calm, and sometimes it is overwhelming. All we can do is learn to swim.” – Vicki Harrison
+5. “The darker the night, the brighter the stars; the deeper the grief, the closer is God!” – Fyodor Dostoevsky
+6. “The Remembrance of the good done by those we have loved is the only consolation when we have lost them.” – Demoustier
+7. “Grief never ends, but it changes. It’s a passage, not a place to stay. Grief is not a sign of weakness nor a lack of faith. It is the price of love.”
+8. “I know for certain that we never lose the people we love, even to death. They continue to participate in every act, thought, and decision we make. Their love leaves an indelible imprint in our memories.” – Leo Buscaglia
+9. “If the people we love are stolen from us, the way to have them live on is to never stop loving them.” – James O’Barr
+10. “Because God is never cruel, there is a reason for all things. […] The terrible pain of loss teaches humility to our prideful kind and has the power to soften uncaring hearts, to make a better person of a good one.” – Dean Koontz
+Short Sympathy Quotes
+If you want to keep your sympathy message short, here is a list of short condolence messages you can use.
+1. “To live in hearts we leave behind is not to die.” – Thomas Campbell
+2. “Sorrow is so easy to express and yet so hard to tell.” – Joni Mitchell
+3. “What we have once enjoyed, we can never lose. All that we love deeply becomes a part of us.” – Helen Keller
+4. “Unable are the loved to die, for love is immortality.” – Emily Dickinson
+5. “May loving memories ease your loss and bring you comfort.”
+6. “May you take comfort in knowing there is one more angel above us.”
+7. “There are no goodbyes for us. Wherever you are, you will always be in my heart.” – Mahatma Gandhi
+8. “Those we love and lose are always connected by heartstrings into infinity.” – Terri Guillemets
+9. “Your loved one created so many beautiful memories, a life that we can truly celebrate even as we grieve. You have my heart’s deepest sympathies.”
+10. “A great soul serves everyone all the time. A great soul never dies. It brings us together again and again.” – Maya Angelou
+11. “Those we love can never be more than a thought away, for as long as there’s a memory, they live in our hearts to stay.”
+12. “May you find comfort in loving memories, strength in the support of those who care, and hope in each new day.”
+13. “Like a bird singing in the rain, let grateful memories survive in time of sorrow.” – Robert Louis Stevenson
+14. “It is not length of life, but depth of life.” – Ralph Waldo Emerson
+15. “Although no words can take away the sorrow that you bear. May it be comforting to you to know that others care.”
+16. “There is no pain so great as the memory of joy in present grief.” – Aeschylus
+17. “Praying for friends to comfort you, faith to uphold you, and loving memories to help you smile again.”
+18. “Wishing you strength for today and hope for tomorrow.” – Renee O’Neill
+19. “For death is no more than a turning of us over from time to eternity.” – William Penn
+20. “A thousand moments that I had just taken for granted – mostly because I had assumed that there would be a thousand more.” – Morgan Matson
+21. “Gone from our sight, but never from our hearts.”
+22. “Wherever a beautiful soul has been, there is a trail of beautiful memories.”
+23. “What is lovely never dies, but passes into another loveliness, star-dust or sea-foam, flower or winged air.” – Thomas Bailey Aldrich
+Thinking Of You Sympathy Quotes
+I know that simply by sending them a condolence message means you’re thinking of them in those difficult times. However, emphasizing it in your message won’t hurt either. You’ll only come across as even more caring and warmer.
+1. “I want to be present for you, but I don’t know how. Please know I’m thinking of you and praying for you, and if there’s anything else I can do, don’t hesitate to let me know.”
+2. “Even though there is joy in the homegoing, there is sorrow in your loss. Thinking of you at this tender time.”
+3. “Thinking of you. Praying for your peace and comfort during this difficult time.”
+4. “I know nothing I can say will take away the pain, but I’m thinking of you, and I care about you so much.”
+5. 
+6. “Thinking of you and hoping there will be sunshine in your life soon.”
+7. “In times like this, you are always on my mind. I hope you can find solace and comfort in the loved ones who surround you.”
+8. “I just hugged you in my thoughts… Hope you felt the squeeze.”
+9. “The phrase ’there are no words’ seems like the only thing that fits right now. I cannot fathom what you’re going through, but I love you, and I am thinking of you.”
+10. “Thinking of you. When the skies seem dark and times get tough, and you don’t know what to do, just know you have a friend right here to support and help you through.”
+Religious Sympathy Quotes
+Faith can truly help someone who is coping with the grief of losing a loved one. Offer your compassion and condolence to the bereaved with the following religious words of condolences.
+1. “The Lord walks beside us through the darkness and leads us back to peace. Please know that we’re praying for you during this difficult time.”
+2. “Please accept our heartfelt condolences for your loss. Our prayers are with you and your family. I hope God blesses and comforts you during this difficult time and takes the deceased’s soul to Heaven.”
+3. “During this most difficult time, may you listen for the voice of the Lord and take comfort in His love. He is always with us, even in our hour of darkness.”
+4. “I am praying that God will grant you the strength you need to face the sad occasion and that He will give you comfort and healing for the loss of a loved one.”
+5. “Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.” – Matthew 5:4
+6. “Let the memories of your loved one bring you comfort in times of darkness. Give your voice to the Lord and know that He will guide you through.”
+7. “Praying that God’s love enfolds you and comforts you through the pain. I hope He helps you heal from this awful loss.”
+8. “My condolences go out to you and your family for the loss of a loved one. I know that God will be with you through this difficult time.”
+9. “I am praying for you to find healing through the Lord’s infinite love. Lend Him your worries and take comfort that He is always by your side.”
+10. “We are praying that God will heal your broken heart and bring you peace throughout this sad and sorrowful time.”
+11. “May God’s infinite love and healing be with you in this time of struggle. You are in our prayers now and always.”
+12. “May this Bible verse, straight from the mouth of God, bring you peace and comfort today and in the days to come: ‘God is our refuge and strength. A very present help in trouble.’” – Psalm 46.1
+13. “For the Lord comforts his people and will have compassion on his afflicted ones.” – Isaiah 49:13
+14. “May our Lord bless and comfort you and your family during this time of grief. Please accept my sincere condolences.”
+15. “It is our prayer that God will comfort you and your whole family during this sad time. May He richly bless you as you mourn, and may the light of His presence be a continual source of consolation.”
+Our friends and family are our pillars of strength in life. The death of a loved one may make you feel like the earth is crumbling beneath your feet.
+However, you’re aware that you need to move on and accept it as heaven’s gain, but actually, it’s only your gain. You gain a guardian angel that will keep you safe from above forever.
+If you know anyone who’s coping with the loss of a friend or a family member, offer your deepest condolences with these touching sympathy messages.
+Sympathy Quotes For The Loss Of A Mother
+1. “Someone as special as a mother will never be gone from this world. May you still see her smile in your mirror and hear her voice singing in your heart.”
+2. “I’m sure you made your mother so proud; I’m sorry her light is gone from your life.”
+3. “I’m so sorry to hear about your loss, and I am eager to reunite with your mother in heaven someday.”
+4. “I appreciate your mom for who you are. She gets credit for producing you and influencing you. She’ll live on through you.”
+5. “A mother’s love is alive forever. In the lessons she taught, the patience she gave, and in the hearts of the children she raised. Our prayers go out to you in this time of great sadness.”
+6. “Time is the only comforter for the loss of a mother.” – Jane Welsh Carlyle
+7. “We’re praying for you as you mourn the loss of a very special lady. Your mother was a light and comfort for so many, and she’ll live on in our hearts forever.”
+Sympathy Quotes For The Loss Of A Father
+1. “A father’s love is a never-ending gift. May you forever feel his light shining down on you from Heaven.”
+2. “His influence is obvious in the way you parent and how you live your life. You are your father’s legacy, and he must have been so proud of you.”
+3. “I know this Father’s Day must be very hard for you since you lost your dad earlier this year. Please know that I’m thinking about you and your family and praying for you today in particular.”
+4. “You were blessed to have a father who was so special and caring. His memory will live forever in our hearts.”
+5. “He was a rock for all of us, but I know he was even more than that for you. I’m so sorry for your loss.”
+6. “The guiding light of a father’s wisdom is a gift that lasts forever. We’re so sorry for your loss, and we’re praying for you during this time of grief.”
+Sympathy Quotes For The Loss Of A Husband/Wife
+1. “Life without your beloved spouse will be truly difficult. We pray that God will comfort your heart and fill your soul with love and peace.”
+2. “Your wife will be missed by all who were lucky enough to know her. May you find peace and love in the memories you cherish. My condolences.”
+3. “You’ve lost your other half, and you feel incomplete and lost. I hate that you have to suffer through this; I love you and will be here for you whenever you need me.”
+4. “Please accept our condolences on the loss of your spouse. She/he was a special person, and we share in your grief.”
+5. “We are sorry to learn about the death of your wife. The pain you are going through is unimaginable, but please know that you always have us!”
+Sympathy Quotes For A Friend
+1. “While we are mourning the loss of our friend, others are rejoicing to meet him behind the veil.” – John Taylor
+2. “Whatever soothes your spirit, comforts your soul, and brings you peace … that is what is wished for you at this difficult time.”
+3. “Please know that however you’re feeling right now — sad, numb, guilty, tired, angry — it’s normal. There’s no right way to feel. I love you, my dear friend, and am so sad that you’re going through this.”
+4. “I hope that your soul and heart find comfort and peace even through what is going on right now.”
+5. “No rule book. No time frame. No judgment. Grief is as individual as a fingerprint. Do what is right for your soul.”
+Sympathy Quotes For A Miscarriage
+To be honest, there are no right words to comfort a mother who has lost a baby. Her pain and grief are so huge and deep that no words can make such strong emotions go away.
+However, it’s nice to offer your support and let her know you’re there for her. Here are a few examples of the deepest condolence message and miscarriage quotes for a mother who is coping with the loss of her baby.
+1. “A mother’s grief is as timeless as her love.” – Joanne Cacciatore
+2. “The spark of your unborn baby ignited the eternal flame of love in all our hearts.”
+3. “I know how much this baby was loved and wanted. I am so incredibly sorry for your loss.”
+4. “You become a mother the moment you become pregnant, and you remain a mother forever.”
+5. “You never arrived in my arms, but you will never leave my heart.” – Zoe Clark-Coates
+6. “This baby was so, so loved. No matter what, they will always be a part of our family.”
+7. “Do not let your heart be empty, but instead filled with the prayers of healing upon the loss of your pregnancy.”
+8. “An angel in the book of life wrote down your baby’s birth. Then whispered as she closed the book ‘too beautiful for earth.’”
+9. “The small kicks, the tiny bumps, the stretched womb; the loss of a pregnancy is felt beyond the heart.”
+10. “How very quietly you tiptoed into our world, silently, only a moment you stayed. But what an imprint your footprints have left upon our hearts.”
+11. “Feelings of emptiness may overwhelm you after the loss of a pregnancy, but know that you are overwhelmed with my love and prayers.”
+12. “Only a moment you stayed, but what an imprint your footprints have left on our hearts.” –Dorothy Ferguson
+For moms who had miscarriages, we hope these quotes will bring you comfort.
+Sympathy Quotes For The Loss Of A Dog
+Only those who have a dog know how special and deep that bond is. It’s one of those bonds that last a lifetime.
+If you know someone who has suffered the passing of their furry best friend, here is a collection of sympathy messages and quotes for the death of a dog that can help you express condolence to that person and let them know you sympathize with their pain.
+1. “Our pets never really leave us. They live on in memories of the love and devotion they gave us.”
+2. “A person who has never owned a dog has missed a wonderful part of life.” – Bob Barker
+3. “No truer word was said when they called dogs man’s best friend. [Insert dog’s name] was a special dog. May the fond memories you have ease the pain of grief for your family at this difficult time.”
+4. “A pet is never truly forgotten until it is no longer remembered.” – Lacie Petitt
+5. “Some angels choose fur instead of wings.”
+6. “If there are no dogs in Heaven, then when I die, I want to go where they went.” – Will Rogers
+7. “Our treasured friends bless our lives and give us more love than we ever knew possible. May fond memories of (dog’s name) bring peace and comfort to you.”
+8. “[Insert pet’s name] left paw prints of love on everyone who knew [him/her].”
+9. “One day we will again see our animals in the eternity of Christ.” – Pope Paul VI
+10. “With sympathy, so very sorry for the loss of your precious fur baby.”
+11. “The one best place to bury a good dog is in the heart of his master.” – Ben Hur Lampman
+12. “In this tragic moment, perhaps you could celebrate the life of your beloved animal friend and allow the happy memories to help soothe your grief and mourning.”
+13. “A devoted friend and beloved pet such as [insert animal’s name] will always hold a special place in your heart. [He/she] is gone but never forgotten.”
+14. “Such short little lives our pets have to spend with us, and they spend most of it waiting for us to come home each day.” – Joe Grogan
+15. “In this tragic moment, we must celebrate the long life lived by your beloved pet, instead of letting those happy memories fade away in mourning.”
+16. “The loss of a dog is immeasurable. But so is the love left behind.”
+17. “Life is short, and the loss of a pet serves to remind us of how precious our time here truly is. I’m sorry to hear about the loss of such a wonderful pet.”
+What To Say To Someone Who Lost A Loved One – Writing A Sympathy Card
+Express your sincere sympathy and condolence
+You can use these condolence quotes above and include them in your sympathy card, but you should also try to express the condolence in your own words.
+Saying something deep and from the heart will add a personal touch to your sympathy message and make it sound more emotional and way more sincere.
+Let them know you’re there for them (both physically and emotionally).
+Leaning on friends and family can give a person the comfort and especially the courage they need to endure the unbearable pain of losing a loved one.
+Bring up some beautiful memories.
+The death of a loved one deprives us of their physical presence, but it doesn’t take away the memory we’ve of them. Talk (write) about all the beautiful things you did with them and how you’ll cherish those beautiful memories forever.
+A sympathy gift can also be a thoughtful gesture for someone who is mourning the loss of a loved one.
+Flowers, a fruit basket, memorial portrait, or personalized candles are great sympathy gift ideas that will convey your deepest condolences and let them know you’re thinking of them.
+Besides expressing condolence to a grieving family, you should also remind them that there is one thing death can not take away from us… And that’s love.
+That’s why those we love can never truly die, they remain alive in our heart, memory, and the love we’ll always feel for them.
+
+Posted by Loner.
+--------------------------------------
+From Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story, screenplay by Frank Cottrell Boyle (as Martin Hardy):
+Tristram Shandy, it was actually number eight in the top one hundred books of all time.
+That was a chronological list.
+From The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman by Laurence Sterne:
+Pray, Sir, in all the reading which you have ever read, did you ever read such a book as Locke's Essay upon the Human Understanding?—Don't answer me rashly,—because many, I know, quote the book, who have not read it—and many have read it who understand it not:—If either of these is your case, as I write to instruct, I will tell you in three words what the book is.—It is a history.—A history! of who? what? where? when? Don't hurry yourself.—It is a history-book, Sir, (which may possibly recommend it to the world) of what passes in a man's own mind; and if you will say so much of the book, and no more, believe me, you will cut no contemptible figure in a metaphysick circle.
+Tristram Shandy is actually number 7 on The List. It is a list of novels. Novels are a subset of books. No author has more than one novel on The List (100 greatest?) and The List is chronological by publication date. Neither of these criteria is explicitly spelled out for the reader of The List....
+I began reading another blog shortly after this list was published—something to do with an opinion guy (who knew?) losing his ESPN web site column for criticizing the man he worked for (name of Eisner) over where he opined on other things, primarily cultural, for a publisher (name of Peretz.) He later got it (the column) back. My one and only e-mail to a famous, as famous goes these days, blogger (name of Reynolds) was about this. This blog, new to me, was and is the property of a novelist-screenwriter-director whose name was not totally unfamiliar.
+In reading The List—linked to from that blog—I was fully aware by the time I came to the novel where the Dormouse doesn't say feed your head (The List number now the name of a popular, as popular goes these days, television series about a rarity, these days,—an effective civil servant)— of what? Of what?—Why that The List is chronological and, as Great Expectations is missing, each author only gets a single spot and Dickens's is David Copperfield. That's okay by me. With the selection of Emma in preference to Pride and Prejudice, not to mention Persuasion, as the contribution of Jane Austen (a clue here on one of the criteria as the squib reads: Near impossible choice between this and Pride and Prejudice., but who reads the squibs when perusing The List? And who doesn't say to themselves the first time they look upon a list of 100 when only at number nine—ummm, Pride and Prejudice better be Top Thirty. I returned to the blog to post my first comment—a note to say that the list was chronological. The owner hadn't noticed this ([No slam? -ed. Song lyrics later. 'Nuff said. -ed]), but one of his other readers, commenting before I could, had.
+That is my heroic flaw—my excess of civic pride.
+Thus, thus, thus—my first comment on that blog was not a correction or a fact. I opined on whether or not we were/are in a War of Civilizations - weren't/aren't - a couple of weeks later. (More on something more or less related momentarily.) Had I not, you and I,— you being those of you who read this,—would probably not have known something of one another (for those of you whom I've read) and I'd not have gotten a treasured e-mail from "Brother Ledeen" in which he blows off a point of disagreement and answers a question by suggesting I buy and read his book. The subject was Democracy in America—a book that's not a novel.
+The something more or less related (previous paragraph) is a VDH a/k/a Victor Davis Hanson essay(?) linked in comments here. War of Civilizations sort of stuff still (and evermore I fear,) but I was struck by this paragraph:
+Go Tell The Spartans --- Vietnam War movie title taken from a translation of Simonides's Epitaph for the Spartans who fell at Thermopylae:
+Go tell the Spartans,
+Passerby,
+That here, obedient to their laws,
+We lie.
+Not the lack of a "." at the end of the paragraph, but that bit about the Athenians and the Spartans. What the [expletive deleted] is the former(?) Classics professor talking about. A favorite historian (name of Durant) sums up those years:
+Three factors turned this pledge of a half century of friendship into a brief truce of six years: the diplomatic corruption of the peace into "war by other means"; the rise of Alcibades as the leader of a faction that favored renewed hostilities; and the attempt of Athens to conquer the Dorian colonies of Sicily.
+Athens; Athens; and Athens, and with the last came, per Thucydides:
+This was the greatest Hellenic action that took place during this war, and, in my opinion, the greatest action that we know of in Hellenic history — to the victors the most brilliant of successes, to the vanquished the most calamitous of defeats; for they were utterly and entirely defeated; their sufferings were on an enormous scale; their losses were, as they say, total; army, navy, everything was destroyed, and, out of many, only few returned. So ended the events in Sicily.
+When the news reached Athens, for a long time people would not believe it...
+Must go.
+Oh, no. Not David. No.
+He goes.
+This is a movie review. The one I'm writing on The Road Warrior—the one I've been writing for months—is complete save for the review part and has been for quite some time. I'll probably have to rewrite the framing should I ever write the review—hence my hesitation.
+Why is Sterne's novel number seven on The List?
+Because it was written early on in the history of the novel. As novels go there's nothing much like it until the novel at number 41. I read the whole of the novel at number 41, cover to cover as we say, this summer. I'm very proud of myself as I've been periodically trying to read it cover to cover for the past 30 years.
+Early in the history of the novel?
+The novel is a revolt.
+A revolt against what?
+This is important. A revolt against the contents of the library of the title character in the novel in the number 1 spot on the list and, by extension, the legacy of scholasticism.
+Why is that important?
+Because this is a movie review.
+Is it a review of Tristram Shandy: A Cock and a Bull Story, a 2006 release now available on DVD?
+No. It's a review of a movie the writer, director and some of the stars of Tristram Shandy: A Cock and a Bull Story made five years ago. It was released in 2002.
+Why all the above?
+Because The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, no more unfilmable as a feature film in my view than any number of other novels on The List, probably wouldn't have been, for lack of a better word, adapted had it not been for the earlier movie and, for reasons I may remember to state, the earlier movie works a lot better than Tristram which Alas, poor YORICK! omits(?) Yorick (a Hamlet reference brilliantly tied to a Don Quixote reference) who gets black pages (dramatized in the movie) after a description of what happens ten times a day at his grave to close Chapter XII and also manages to have the last line of the novel: A COCK and a BULL, said Yorick—And one of the best of its kind, I ever heard. in Chapter CXI.
+What's a COCK and a BULL?
+A fanciful tale.
+And the movie Tristram Shandy?
+Is not nearly as fanciful, in my view, as the earlier movie. Ask me about the movie quote with which I began and I'll do the review.
+What quote? Welcome to Manchester?
+No. That's from the movie I'm going to review.
+I'm being postmodern, before it's fashionable.
+So is that. No. Two guys are talking. One's a journalist. He asks questions...mostly. The other is an actor. He answers questions...mostly. The actor says that Tristram Shandy was number eight...and the journalist, not correcting two mistakes, points out that that was a chronological list.
+In the earlier movie, 24 Hour Party People, the actor played the journalist, and that is, I think, the most interesting thing about Tristram Shandy: A Cock and Bull Story and something someone familiar with the earlier movie knows, but then this someone also knows the earlier movie and having seen the earlier movie, would, in my view, find Tristram something of a letdown, but then I've read the source material where I knew little about the source material from which the earlier movie was crafted—except for one scene about which I'm going to hold forth. Better do that while I'm thinking about it.
+Early on in 24 Hour Party People, Steve Coogan, the actor, playing Tony Wilson, the journalist, takes part in a recreation of a historical event. The place: Manchester, England. The date: June 4, 1976. The event: The Sex Pistols play Manchester for the first time. They play to an audience of 42 (Sex Pistols footage is intercut) while Steve Coogan as Tony Wilson—one of the 42—begins our tour through a revolt in another art form as it played out in one place during the next 16 years. For what it is, epic history, it's fascinating in both content and style. It's not endlessly fascinating like the best movies, books and music, but it is well worth a second and a third look (with two DVD commentaries to listen to) and that dissection of the first Sex Pistols appearance in Manchester is storytelling at its best.
+Buzzcocks can't play because we're not ready so it's just the Sex Pistols.
+For some of you, no doubt, it will be a look at the kind of history from which, like Stephen, you are trying to awake. For me, in Berkeley, some self-identification was in the offing. The Sex Pistols played Winterland in San Francisco on January 14, 1978. Ever get the feeling you've been cheated? Johnny Rotten asked as the Sex Pistols left the stage for the last time. I was hanging out in a business (name forgotten) that sold only freshly-baked cookies (a novelty then) with the girl working late there (she may have been baking while I sampled the merchandise) when a friend (most knowledgeable music guy I've known, but damn if I can get beyond Bill) came in to describe the event. He knew he'd seen something that went well beyond the music being played. I'd imagine I saw something similar when I watched from the rafters—metaphorically speaking—Green Day play some hall in Oakland in, maybe, 1993. Talk about heat. The walls were drenched in sweat when the lights came up. I digress again. My answer to Johnny Rotten is an emphatic NO!!! The self-identification presented itself in the form of The Clash.
+I'm the all night drug-prowling wolf
+Who looks so sick in the sun
+I'm the white man in the Palais
+Just lookin' for fun
+Strummer-Jones echoes Lennon-McCartney—the after and before of the revolt. They're that good. Those lyrics, from the greatest of all Clash songs, belong to Mick Jones. My mental state—ever after Rude Boy...We reply belongs, in no small measure, to Joe Strummer. He is ever in and on my mind. He saw The Sex Pistols, in London, on April 3, 1976. On July 4, a new band, The Clash, opened for The Sex Pistols in Sheffield. Exactly a month earlier the Sex Pistols were in Manchester to play before 42 people. Many of those 42 would come to see their names listed on all sorts of music packaging and in all sorts of publications.
+You can catch a glimpse of The Clash in Martin Scorsese's The King of Comedy.
+I'm gonna work 50 times harder, and I'm gonna be 50 times more famous than you.
+Then you're gonna have idiots like you plaguing your life!
+That is The Clash.
+This was So It Goes... And as it goes, so it went. It's all over.
+That's them in 24 Hour Party People. They're performing Janie Jones on tape as Tony Wilson brings his television music show to an end. He's off to find his destiny and—I'm not making this up—converse with his god.
+It's my belief that history is a wheel. ".
+I'm not sure that I'd be sorry if any of you rented 24 Hour Party People and found it boring. Appalling? Well...maybe. Read a novel lately? The one at number 8, err 7, on The List is engaging. The one at number 48 is my favorite. Just because it's relatively short doesn't mean it's filmable. As a matter of fact, among the books on The List—well the many I've read anyway—I think it one of the least filmable. I haven't been shown to be wrong...thus far. Thinking on it *seriously* I am sorry about the punctuation. Apologies— ...and the holocaust was complete.
+AACONS Interviews Dino Costa
+27 minutes ago
+3 comments:
+Well, from a first reading, that was brilliant MHA. Though I will need several (at minimum) more readings to understand just what the hell it was you said. But for now, bottom line, I liked it. Sort of Joycean, Kerouacian with a little of Rousseau and a smidgen of Voltaire. And I'm talking out my butt. But I did like it. Though I have no idea, specifically, just what is was that you were recommending. But that is my lack, not your's.
+Not mine, not mine. Posted by Loner!
+My apologies to Loner. I said it was a first read :-) Obviously not a through one.
+This gallery was posted on Tuesday, 28 November 2006 at 08:19. You can follow any responses to this gallery through the feed. You can leave a comment or trackback from your own site.
+Enjoyed this? Help others find it...
+You can follow any responses to this article through the
+comment feed
+.
+Adding comment...
+manuela replied 108 days after.
+I´m astonished by the lyrics of your songs, Foy. Keep inspiring me! Thanks a lot! I´m Brazilian and hope to see you here soon.
+Joe replied 120 days after.
+Foy,
+Really enjoyed your show last night at Jammin'Java in Wash DC (I sat front/center). I can't begin to tell you how many people I told about your music (especially the opener!). I think you should get booked on our American "Tonight Show with Jay Leno" or "Saturday Night Live". That would break things open for you - - you are one extremely talented musician. Joe
+Drew replied 144 days after.
+Foy,
+I saw you at the Bedford gig and couldn't have been any happier. Table front and center. I have listened to you for about a year now but that was the first gig I made it to. Certainly not the last. My mate Conner from near Belfast turned me on to you. He said you use to play down at his local pub. Sorry that it wasn't my local. Thanks for telling your story.
+Gonçalo replied 160 days after.
+Foy...I´m portuguese and i just want to tell you that your music is amazing...you belong in that small group of very special artists. Thank you
+Frida replied 218 days after.
+Foy.. I must say that your music is amazing!! I've been listening and watching your movies and songs on your site, and I want to here more! Even though I've seen them a thousand times, I can't stop! You're music and the way you sing and your lyrics makes the music perfect! And I so want your album! My friends are going to buy it when they go to england (so I have to wait some time before I'll get it). You see I'm from Sweden (so now you might understand why I'm not so good at english..)and I really hope you can play somewhere around here soon, because I would really like to see you live! Keep up the good work, because you really inspire me to create some music my self! And I hope that the song "When you walked with me" will come on an album sometime in the future. Thanks // Frida
+foy replied 219 days after.
+Brazil, Washington, Portugal and Sweden!!!
+Sounds like a good tour to me...set me up a gig and I'm there...
+Thanks for the comments, I appreciate them.
+And Frida, When you still walked with me will definitely be on an album soon.
+And I'll hopefully be in all your areas sooner or later.
+foy...x
+Sharon Madden replied 219 days after.
+Well done you Foy, not sure you remember me but we had a few snogs along time ago when i was at uni in Jordonstown studing music and your days with soul truth. I have some mad photos of you and me at our formal! Keep up the good work, really enjoy all your new stuff. Sharon x
+Jonny Ewan replied 226 days after.
+The New album, quality. You were superb at the Cavern, that U2 song without the mic, class. The stuff you can do with a guitar, crazy man.
+darren replied 229 days after.
+foy i seen you at oxygen.it was a brilliant set.laughed et the james blunt joke..nice touch.back in black was class.u pulled it off with style.im gonna see u up in belfast nxt time ur playin there.
+Brian Bailey replied 230 days after.
+Hi Foy. Great to see you getting around so much. All of us in Belfast miss your magnificent weekly gigs at the Rotterdam but Chtris Roddy's got the place up and running again so maybe you and ken Haddock can do another spectacular there for old times sake. Bless you mate. BRIAN BAILEY THE BELFAST POET. PS> The rest of you out there, take care of our Foy. He's a living national treasure.
+F.doherty replied 277 days after.
+Heard you for the first time on John toal program on radio Ulster. Loved the song home bird. Went out today and bought Hope. Want to get homebird. Where can i get it.
+Frances from Derry. 1st Sept 07
+Andrew Forde replied 283 days after.
+Dear Foy,
+I must say, WOW! Heard you randomly on Radio Ulster when I was home last weekend for "THE" Snow Patrol gig. My mate Donna was right Bangor has never been so big! It was good to see it. Gary Lightbody was praising all the unsung heros of our town and I have to say I hope he ment you too. I'm proud to be Bangorian. Looking forward to seeing you in Scotland, hopefully at the Glasgow gig. Ashton Lane is awesome, I hope it goes well incase I miss it. Add me to the mailing list and I'll do all I can to make it to a gig in Dundee, Edinburgh or Glasgow! My hat's off to you, looking forward to hearing more from you.
+All the best,
+Andrew
+Anna H replied 289 days after.
+Hey Foy , really really enjoyed ur gig at the spirit store last tues ! You were amazing,cant wait to see ya again , ill rememeber to buy you a guinness!
+john gibson replied 297 days after.
+Hey buddy long time no speaks. Been following your progress mate and things certainly seem to have moved on leaps and bounds from the soul truth days, HA HA. Really chuffed for you buddy. Still listening to the Blueprints EP and loving your stuff. Hope you and the family vance are all cool and the gang, look me up the next time your in Bangor, would really like to get to one of your gigs back home, apparently I just missed you in Belfast the last time you were home. Any hoo wishing you all the best for the present and future. John.
+Matthew, 14 replied 302 days after.
+ur one of thee most inspirational men ive ever came across..i live in northern ireland tandragee in co.armage..ur the best thing to cum out of northern ireland in years...come over here for a show plzzz...thanx foy..legend
+hannah replied 303 days after.
+Just wanted to say i came to your lil gig last night and it was AWESOME. i was blown away with your talent. great to see some original stuff out there by a great guy. THANKYOU! pleease come back soon!!! x
+angela banno replied 305 days after.
+Saw you at Truck 10 and was quietly impressed! Not since Lewis Taylor have we seen another good soulful male british singer x
+Katty replied 335 days after.
+Foy I missed you at Dolan's in Limerick!! Gutted!! When are you coming back?
+LAOISE G replied 354 days after.
+Hiya foy I just found out about you and I think you're great I was invited to the Sinead O connor concert tonight but refused it but since youre going to be there I said a Yes defenetly. look forward to seeing you tonight bye .... from laoise
+Tim replied 370 days after.
+Hi Foy - please can you tell me the title of the final song you played when you supported Bonnie on her tour? I assume you used something like a TC Helicon VoiceLive to build up the vocals - amazingly impressive! Is the song available anywhere? Thanks for your music... truely inspiring.
+Balham charlie replied 372 days after.
+Hi Foy.Saw you at the Camden roundhouse recently and I must say I was blown away by your performance.You were truely awsome.Looking forward to when you come back to London again.Spreading the word, Charlie
+Kathy Wylie replied 393 days after.
+hey
+Just a sggestion - come and do some gigs in France (I'm at Nantes more precisely)... would be great! seriously!
+(used to go to Ulster Temple before moving to France)
+Mamoru Hirayama replied 416 days after.
+Foy Vance-a photo for promotional use
+How do you do. This is Mamoru Hirayama from LabelNavi in Tokyo Japan.
+I'm e-mailing you to ask for your approval.
+May we carry the photo of him on our website/LabelNavi ?
+As we'd like to introduce him and his work to the Japanese music fan,
+would you kindly send us a copy of his photo for promotional use
+by data, not of a copy of the album art cover.
+We're deeply impressed by his music. His album,
+will become our
+important treasure.
+Above all,
+and are my favorite tracks.
+Album art cover and your label logo are already carried on our LabelNavi.
+If you'd like to remove them from there, please reply to this e-mail with
+the word "remove" in the subject line.
+Thank you very much for your attention to this request, and
+I look forward to hearing from you soon.
+Very truly yours,
+Mamoru Hirayama
+please check !
+PS: I bought from Amazon Japan. At first I checked a
+couple of mega CD-shops in Tokyo to buy HOPE. Unfortunately they all
+didin't have it.
+It was delivered to me three weeks later from my purchase. Too much
+time to obtain !
+sarah replied 443 days after.
+finally! I saw you playing in edinbourough (before the concert of emiliana torrini) a few years ago, and I got youre toilet tour cd. I was wondering when the "real" cd was coming and hey! finally it s there! I was just listening to youre old songs, but now I'm so looking forward for youre new cd.(it s on its way, just ordered it) I think youre music is just magic, really!it sounds so real!:-) Can you imagine that my boyfriend and I fell in love while listening to you:-) funny isn't! so I wish you good luck for the future!
+greetings from luxembourg
+p.s. I just realised I've never ever written a fanmail, this is actually the first one:-) congratulations!
+Derek replied 452 days after.
+Just heard Indiscriminate Act on the Bob Harris Show and was blown away. Now I want more
+Nat replied 461 days after.
+Just heard a cut on KGSR in Austin and was impressed, had to check out the web site. Foy will be here for SXSW and will be a hit, no doubt.
+Kevin Carroll replied 473 days after.
+Foy,
+met you yesterday at the Lanois sxsw show. Wow!
+I'm in shock and awe....I've only begun to scratch the surface of your music and look forward to more. I should have known the unmistakable lightness of talent that you possess as a person was only a drop in the bucket of your artistic greatness. Truly an honor. I'm a fan.
+And, oh yeah, Lanois was pretty cool too.
+best of everything to ya,
+KC
+April replied 475 days after.
+Foy,
+Just saw you perform yesterday, 3/16/08 at "Drew's" in Ringwood, NJ. I think you are a "brilliant" artist & talent. It was a great pleasure to experience your amazing voice & music. I sat in the front row that evening & will be uploading some photos that I had taken on my website if you care to view @. The ending of your performance was very emotive when you played your child's song & stood there embracing that very special moment as you ended your performance at Drew's. Very touching & heartfelt moment. I wish you much success & hope to be able to experience your talent once again in the states.
+My best to you!
+April
+T.J. Swanson replied 486 days after.
+Foy, It is people like you that keep people like me doing sound. You are a one of a kind musician that has paid his dues to get to where you are. If you come to SXSW next year I hope I can do sound for you again. Best of luck T.J.
+Vicky replied 547 days after.
+Hey Foy,
+Couldn't believe how amazing the Mandella Hall gig was! I have never enjoyed a concert so much in my life! I feel privileged to have sang with you in Pretty Mary's back in the good old days!
+Can't wait for your next Belfast gig!x
+beth replied 573 days after.
+FOY
+YOU WILL SEAR THROUGH MORE SOULS THAN YOUR DAD EVER DID. WHAT PASSION and HUMANITY.
+Byrnsey replied 601 days after.
+Im sitting in work and cant concentrate after last night..Foy, you were amazing, the highlight of the Earagail Arts closing festival...I was so looking forward to the gig and you didn't disappoint..such passion on the stage that I've never seen before..I really switched off and got involved with the music which was amazing... Cheers for the photo too, think you were dropping off a drink for David Holmes..Once again, an amazing gig, cant wait for the next one....
+Tim replied 686 days after.
+I just wanted to thank you, Foy. I hope some day I get to meet you.
+Christina replied 729 days after.
+Foy, I saw you support gabrielle and rodrigaze in vicer street, dublin bout 2 years ago, i don't think i've ever heard a song from The Jungle Book sound so good. i've been trying to find your music since. only found the site and the singles tonight. i'm so happy for your success, wish you all the future recognition possible, genuinely the best of luck.
+Matthew McKeown replied 733 days after.
+Foy you make me proud to come from the North man, (Tandragee Co.Armagh(Tayto Crisps)) your sound is unreal and your so damn skillful. I aim to be as successful as you someday! Keep it up man.
+steve replied 773 days after.
+would the real foy please stand up
+Alysen replied 869 days after.
+Saw you at the Glee Club last night - amazing performance! I think we are always a bit quiet here in Birmingham, please don't hold it against us:) Keep on shedding a bit of light, God is good. xx
+jonny replied 875 days after.
+hey im coming to see you play on the 4th cant wait im in a band myself you can check us out at your passion in your songs is something im really working on trying to portray when i play so i guess thanks for being an inspiration.... haha.
+You can follow any responses to this article through the comment feed .
+Post your comments
+Adding comment...
+
+Raw sewage, which is supposed to be carried to treatment plants via underground pipes, overflowed 16 times since last summer along a five-block stretch of Greenspring Avenue between Cold Spring Lane and Northern Parkway in Baltimore, according to the city's reporting of such incidents. In all, these overflows spewed at least 12,000 gallons of nutrient-laden effluent, to make its way through storm drains and streams downhill into the nearby Jones Falls, the Baltimore Harbor, and ultimately, the Chesapeake Bay, where it contributes to algal blooms and fish kills. While this is a regular occurrence citywide-in March, the city reported 68 such overflows, leaking an estimated 10,000 gallons of sewage-until recently it hasn't been along this stretch of Greenspring Avenue, where there had been only seven reported overflows between 2005 and 2012.
+Surely, community leaders in the area would have noticed the sudden sewage surge. After all, since 2002 the city has been working diligently under the terms of a court-mandated consent decree resolving a Clean Water Act lawsuit brought against it by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) to plug up its chronically leaky sewer system-a $900 million project which has spurred repeated hikes and water-and-sewer rates. Turns out, though, they hadn't.
+The same day, in response to City Paper's inquiries about sewage leaks in the area, Chikwe Njoku, president of Coldspring Community Association, wrote in an email that "I am not aware of any issues as it relates to sewage overflowing along Greenspring Ave.," adding that while he understands "the Jones Falls often does receive sewage," it "doesn't have any direct impact on the neighborhood since homes are well away from it."
+The next morning, while awaiting a response about the matter from Blue Water Baltimore (BWB), the city's main water-quality advocacy group, a City Paper reporter hoofed around in the woods northeast of the intersection at Greenspring Avenue and Cold Spring Lane, flushing out deer and ducking briars in an effort to find evidence of sewage contamination. Rather than what was expected-a chronic sewer leak in these woods, dubbed in 2008 by the Jones Falls Watershed Association (since subsumed by BWB) as one of the city's "Filthy Five," responsible for releasing an estimated 21,600 gallons of raw sewage each day-we found something else: the unmistakable stench of sewage where a storm-drain outlet empties into a stream, turning its water opaque and gray.
+After taking photographs, the reporter discovered that the easiest access to this sewage-contaminated storm-drain outfall is through a broken fence from the playgrounds of KIPP Harmony Academy, a public-charter elementary school, though it also can be reached from the athletic fields of the nearby Waldorf School. There were no signs announcing that the stream may be fouled by sewage, which contains bacteria, parasites, and viruses that can cause a variety of illnesses.
+Back at City Paper's office, BWB's emailed response was waiting: "We were not aware of the recent uptick in sewer overflows in this section of the Jones Falls," wrote David Flores, BWB's Baltimore Harbor Waterkeeper. "We had been monitoring a sewage-contaminated storm-water outfall located at the intersection of Greenspring Avenue and Cold Spring Lane for several years," Flores continued, adding that the city's Department of Public Works (DPW) "has since reported that the sewage leak at that location has been located and fixed." Back in February 2012, Flores explained, BWB "investigated and reported [a sewer overflow] along Greenspring Avenue," but the group "has since neither encountered nor received any citizen reports of sewer overflows at this location."
+Once City Paper emailed its photographs of apparently sewage-contaminated water coming out of the storm drain to foul the stream below KIPP Harmony Academy, BWB and DPW kicked into action, with each sending staff to investigate the matter.
+While awaiting the results, BWB's executive director, Halle Van der Gaag, commented that "this looks like a pretty big deal and I will be very interested in seeing it corrected and understand what has happened."
+Within hours, BWB's water-quality manager, Alice Volpitta, had sampled the water, found it to have elevated indicators of sewage, and noted that "sewage fungus" was growing "in the culvert where the sewage is flowing." The fungus, she explained, "is a collection of the bacterial cells found in the contaminated water, and it takes time for the 'structure' of the sewage fungus to form," so its presence "is an indication that the problem has been on-going."
+First thing in the morning on April 25, DPW's Joan White, a pollution-control analyst supervisor, emailed City Paper to explain that "my team found a choked sanitary line at 2917 Thorndale Ave. causing sewage to infiltrate the storm-drain behind KIPP Academy yesterday afternoon," adding that the problem had been fixed.
+Meanwhile, City Paper also asked EPA and MDE-the overseers of the consent decree under which Baltimore's sewer system is being upgraded-to comment on the situation.
+MDE spokesperson Jay Apperson explained that "although MDE is responsible for ensuring that the city remains in compliance with the consent decree, it is not our role to explain details of the sewer assessments, nor can we speculate on whether the root cause of overflows in a particular area has been determined."
+EPA spokesperson David Sternberg said that until Baltimore completes its sewer-system "rehabilitation projects to eliminate overflows, EPA will continue to assess penalties for such unpermitted discharges from the sanitary sewer system." While penalties for the 16 overflows in 2013 and 2014 along this stretch of Greenspring Avenue have yet to be assessed, earlier overflows in the area-most occurring in the early 2000s, when big overflows were prevalent-have prompted a total of $11,500 in penalties.
+On April 30, City Paper brought Flores along to DPW's offices to meet with two spokesmen-Kurt Kocher and Jeffrey Raymond-and Wazir Qadri, the department's wastewater engineering division chief, to talk about the sewage issues along the five-block stretch of Greenspring Avenue and the contaminated outfall City Paper had photographed. The conversation lasted an hour, and it's not clear what prompted the sudden increase in sewage overflows since last summer-though Wazir noted "a lot of tree canopy in that area, so a lot of roots" underground could damage sewer pipes. Many of the 16 overflows, Wazir observed, occurred at Greenspring Avenue and Dupont Avenue, right in front of KIPP, and that was due to a faulty house connection on private property, which the owner eventually completed.
+As for the stream being contaminated by sewage flowing out of the storm-drain system, Kocher said the overflow was not only coming from a house a half-mile uphill on Thorndale Avenue, as White had learned, but also from Pimlico Elementary/Middle School, which "had a break in their line, and the sewage was being pumped through a sump pump into the storm-drain system." Warning signs about the stream's pollution problems, Kocher added, were soon to be installed, even before City Paper discovered the problem.
+Qadri explained the big picture. The city's sewer system involves "approximately 1,300 to 1,400 miles" of pipes and "you cannot fix everything. It is going to be exorbitant to fix that. So even when we do all of the work [under the consent decree], we will still be rehabbing like 30 to 40 percent of the system." Moving forward, he added," we are going to be doing programs with TV inspection"-sending cameras up sewage pipes, to assess their condition-"every five to ten years so we can keep looking at the system, and how the system is doing, and then continue to improve on it, reduce our overflows"-a strategy that Flores sums up as "proactive asset management."
+The end result, says Flores, should be improved water quality in the harbor. "As someone who has been conducting bacteria monitoring on the harbor since 2008," he explains, "what we would hope to see after the consent-decree work is finished is lower levels of fecal coliform bacteria following wet weather."
+"This is going to be so much better," Kocher says, once the consent-decree work and other pollution-abatement projects the city has been undertaking start to take hold. "These things don't happen overnight," he explains, "but these steps that we are taking-and have been taking, and are accelerating-really, they are going to pay off."
+In the meantime, community involvement in sewage-pollution awareness can also help find and stop more leaks more quickly. "If you see something, say something," says Kocher, encouraging folks to call 311 if they see or smell a sewage-fouled stream or storm drain. For those interested in organized involvement, BWB's Adopt-A-Stream and Outfall Screening Blitz programs offer a way for people to get trained in pollution detection and reporting work so that "we can use the force of our volunteer citizens to supplement the efforts of the city to find more illicit-discharge contamination more often," says Flores.
+On an everday basis, though, Raymond has advice for everyone who uses toilets-"poop, pee, and toilet paper only, no flushable wipes"-and sinks-"no grease, no fats." What's been happening along Greenspring Avenue since last summer illustrates his point: Of the 16 overflows, six were attributed to blockages caused by grease and rags. Doing as Raymond suggests could be the simplest way for anyone to help improve Baltimore's water quality.
+Raising a Stink
+City Paper's discovery of a recent sewer-leak spike along Greenspring Avenue highlights pollution's persistence
+
+Ethiopia Tech Challenge Day 3: Up the Mountain and Down to Business
+Oct 20, 2017
+Day 3 | Sunday, 15 October
+Let us start by telling you that we are all safe and generally speaking in one piece – there are some sun burns, some sore bums from lengthy donkey rides and a few minor allergic reactions, but so far, no real need to call the helicopter rescue (despite it being suggested numerous times!)
+So, picking up where we left off in our last update – James was not popular at 5am as the team woke to head to Gondar with no idea what to expect; however, after 24 hours of hard travelling, no sleep and last-minute planning it was somewhat of a relief to finally be on our way to Adisge School.
+The domestic terminal at Addis was an interesting experience and unfortunately some of the team already had slightly unsettled stomachs. Our tickets were printed off on a machine from the dark ages, and strangely the flight we booked didn’t appear on the departures board. Nevertheless, we proceeded through security – with Andy blatantly smuggling 2 large bottles of water and James on edge due to the contraband he was carrying (to be revealed later…). Thankfully in the end we did make it onto a flight, which seemed to be going to the right place and sure enough an hour later we landed in Gondar.
+It was there that we met with the AWF team: Raven, Commode and Kalanga, and proceeded to leave the airport to be greeted by the Northland Bear, Shif, his team, and several Land Cruisers ready to take us over to Adisge.
+This drive was the first glimpse of real Africa that the team got. As the hours past, everyone drifted in and out of consciousness, waking only to hear the driver honking to move cows, donkeys & pedestrians carrying all sorts of unusual objects on the road. This is Africa!
+Finally, we made it to Debark for a spot of lunch, and the injera (the same flannel-esque local dish we had the day before) came out again much to Ayman’s delight. Christian also got involved, eating a load of injera and really settling in to the environment! Our lunchtime entertainment was brought to us by a local climbing a telephone pole to tap into what looked like a high voltage cable to power his make-shift bar down below.
+Following this and knowing the next 3 nights would be spent in tents in the middle of nowhere – there were calls to buy beer (from Josh) to keep us going. Before we knew it, 3 crates appeared in front of us and were loaded onto the trucks.
+At this point there was only 1 hour left of our journey, but the road conditions continued to get worse and worse. We entered the Simeon Mountain National Park and immediately saw our first glimpses of Gelada monkeys (or bleeding-heart as they are commonly known).
+After a couple of stops to admire the views, we reached the end of the road. At this point we were told last minute that the road had been badly damaged by heavy rain, and therefore donkeys may be needed to transport everything to site! The Northland and AWF team jumped out of the cars to begin a short hike to the school, while the drivers continued to battle with the road conditions to try and get the 4x4s there.
+As we walked over the hills we saw our first sight of Adisge School, and James recognised it straight away after hours spent studying the design and plans over the past few months. Upon arrival we were greeted by the locals who were eager to get the solar panels on the roof as soon as possible!
+So without any time to acclimate, or even for a cup of James’ Yorkshire tea, we got to work with all hands on deck to get the panels onto the roof! Henok from Lydetco was already on site and already unloaded the solar equipment. Much to our surprise, the panels had been fixed to an angle iron that was specially designed for the school, and without any deliberation the locals all flooded around the panels helping us hoist them all up in one go! (Not quite the way we may have done it given the choice!)
+We quickly rushed around grabbing wood to lay on the tin roof to protect it and to support our weight. We found a ladder made from nothing but tree branches and a few nails, and we tied ropes around the angle iron to help hoist up the panels. Henok, Andy, Josh & Christian took the lead on the roof, with the rest of us trying to maintain organised chaos down below! The panels were pulled and pushed around and eventually were slid in to place. But this was only the beginning, as we now needed to figure out how to fix them to the roof.
+The Northland team started the quest to find an HSS bit and a drill to make the fixing- our standard procedure. The locals’ approach was to drive a 6-inch nail through the angle iron and into the roof. This turned out to be a much more effective solution, and within minutes the panels were secured so we could begin to start cabling. At this point we still hadn’t seen where we would be sleeping. There were tents already put up which we assumed were for us, but the only thing anyone wanted to do was to get the job done!
+We split into small teams and started getting the cabling in between buildings. Andrew started creating a makeshift masonry bit out of the earth rod, trying to sharpen it enough to blast through the sand bag walls. Frustratingly, even though making the hole wasn’t such a problem – when the bit was removed, the hole instantly filled again with sand meaning no cable could go through! The rest of us decided to leave him to it and get on with tacking some cables to the walls. Hours later we heard a “WOOO YEAH” and that was it- the first cable was through the wall!
+At this point we started to question how easy this job was actually going to be, and reached the conclusion for the first time that there was nothing ‘mini’ about this Challenge!
+After that, everything seemed to become more and more difficult. Tools were limited, and sometimes completely non-existent. Everyone grabbed whatever they could get their hands on and used everything for any and all tasks. Light sockets were mounted with a hammer, nail and an SDS bit. Joints were made with tape. Funnily (or sadly) enough the super strong side cutters we used for cable cutting snapped in half the first time we used them! Despite all this, at the end of the first day we had made excellent progress. We were gradually finding our way and adapting to the environment and equipment we had to use.
+Soon everyone’s stomachs started grumbling and the sunlight was disappearing. Before we knew it, we had a 3-course gourmet meal on the table! This was something you would only expect to find in the finest London restaurant. Don’t believe us? Ask Christian – he has photos of every meal! This was well deserved after such a productive afternoon, but all of us were completely baffled by where the food was magically coming from!
+A couple of beers later and talking with Dejen, our guide, it suddenly dawned on us that what goes in must come out. Where were the toilets!? Dave bravely took the lead and headed off to check them out, baby wipes in hand. 10 minutes later he returned and his expression said it all. The rest of us wondered how long we could hold out for, and if we had brought enough Imodium to last the rest of the trip. I think the experience scarred Dave for life and he will never be the same again. Luckily enough, Christian has since made us a “how to” video for the toilets, and proceeded to show the rest of us the easy way!
+Food finished and toilets investigated, it was then time for bed. We headed to our tents and within seconds – literally – Ayman started snoring yet again. Now everyone had discovered James’ miss-fortune on the first night in the hotel! To be fair, Ayman did warn us to bring the best noise cancelling headphones especially for this occasion! On the plus side, Ayman kept all the wild animals away giving the scout some time to sleep.
+Day 4
+Monday, 16 October
+Everyone was up early and got to work before breakfast. Time passed and we got more cables in place, the ground rod hammered in, cables put up between buildings using adapted tree trunks as our supports and sockets and switches were mounted. It was a very productive day and by the end of it, amazingly, we managed to turn lights on in the battery room, the classrooms and to the chef’s delight – the kitchen! This turned out to be a real life-line for us, as that night had torrential rains and thunderstorms. We all have Aleh to thank for working with Henok on the head-end, getting some of those Northland standards in place!
+It wasn’t all smooth sailing however, as we begun to realise we were short on cables to finish the job and there was a solar panel that had been damaged in transit. Amazingly, a few phone calls were made, and more cable and silicone for the roof were booked on the next flight to Gondar! Things were starting to come together.
+The evening came again very quickly and the weather conditions continued to get worse. The word ‘biblical’ was mentioned numerous times. We all decided to hide in the tents and try to sleep through it. Rivers of rain water ran under the tents as water seeped in, soaking all our clothes. The wind blew hard against the sides of the tents, and thunder cracked above us. The only saving grace to this was that all the noise meant we couldn’t hear Ayman.
+A few hours later, we had all had enough and decided to get up to start the day. The weather brightened up, and we continued to lay the final cables that we had and finish the terminations. It wasn’t long though until we had run out of supplies and had to find another way to entertain ourselves – a game of football with the locals! Believe me when I tell you that this was probably the hardest game of football any of us have ever played. The altitude makes things so difficult, and what normally might be quite easy becomes incredibly hard. Nevertheless, Captain Christian managed to smash his first two goals in between our make shift posts and won the game for his team!
+Time moved on and still the cables had not arrived. We all started to worry that we were going to be installing in the dark with torrential rain yet again! We took the opportunity to give everything we had brought to the director of the school including footballs, crayons, colouring books, solar showers, sleeping bags and clothes. Soon enough the cables arrived and we cracked on. It was a big last push so naturally we started to improvise further to make it happen. Andy and Dave teamed up with James on their shoulders to get the last few cables at height into place, while the others wrapped up the final bits in the admin block.
+Before we knew it, we had lights and sockets in the teachers houses too! It was amazing to see that when we all pulled together, we could get things installed so quickly! By the end of the day there wasn’t too much left to do, and Henok agreed to stay a final day to wrap things up. So, we all finished for the evening feeling extremely pleased, and seeing the gratefulness of the locals was something we will never forget.
+We spent our last night in the tent preparing for an early start for the big hike: 10 hours to Lima Limo lodge!
+“It is now legal for law enforcement in North Dakota to fly drones armed with everything from Tasers to tear gas thanks to a last-minute push by a pro-police lobbyist,” thedailybeast.com reports. “Bruce Burkett.” On the positive side . . .
+the Bill – now signed into law – prohibits the use of aerial footage in criminal prosecutions unless the footage was obtained as part of a search warrant. And it can’t be used to get a search warrant. Subject to certain exceptions (e.g., exigent circumstances, routine monitoring of borders, research or educational flights). So it’s a good law that somehow forgot to prohibit police drones equipped with non-lethal weapons. “Grand Forks County Sheriff Bob Rost said his department’s drones are only equipped with cameras and he doesn’t think he should need a warrant to go snooping.” But he does. Thankfully. [h/t Oneifbyland1776]
+At this point given the range within these would have to be to be effective the best course of action would be to fight through the drone(s) rather than run away.
+These things are not capable of quick movement and remaining on target, yet. Turning, running or hiding would just get you tazed, gassed or whatever. Run at it. Grab for it. Hit it with a stick.
+Certainly though police drones will be protected as police dogs and police officers and destroying a police drone will probably land you on death row.
+That’s almost exactly what I just said on my FB post about this. Knocking out of the air will be charged as assault on a police officer. Just wait…
+How am I supposed to know whether or not police are controlling the drone which is currently menacing me? I would be inclined to take out drones even if they had little blue and red flashing lights on them — adding such to any hobby drone would be exceedingly easy.
+No Secret Police – 4th Amendment
+There’s a man/woman on the end of that string somewhere. They are forced to eat/sleep somewhere, they have people/stuff they care about. Make sure you provide at least as much nuisance.
+There is no need to have a man/woman at the end of the string. Drones can be given coordinated fly to, or an op-box to remain in. They can be preprogrammed to fly autonomously to a particular point and loiter. They can be programed to autonomously identify a weapon, and they can be autonomously instructed to fire on a recognized target.
+Since the rounds are non-lethal, I’m sure the justification would be made that the high error rate in autonomously recognizing a weapon or the specific target prior to firing would be acceptable.
+>>Drones can be given coordinated fly to, or an op-box to remain in.
+…and there’s your man/woman. Just because there’s no one controlling the drone real-time does not mean there’s no one behind it.
+O2
+I would like to see a real world example of a drone that can determine a threat and take action without a human operator. I doubt they exist except in Science Fiction.
+There isn’t anything that can autonomously identify a threatening action. But you can autonomously recognize a specific person, or a group of people in a specific location. The drone could be programed to engage a specific person as soon as they were identified, or attack anyone in a specific location.
+You can absolutely make a drone that recognizes a threat and performs some action in that regard. The only question is, how many false positives are you okay with?
+If it is a programmed to shoot everyone with gun then we may see a rash of cops being attacked by these drones.
+The delicious irony…
+A simple radio ID would prevent this and would likely be employed. It would also open up to the possibility of fooling the drones.
+How many plain clothes detectives will be attacked by these due to identifying the duty weapon.
+If there’s not a man/woman on the end of the string (a/k/a: just another of your stupid neighbors who needs a job [your government – now obviously getting more uppity by the day]). Then then absolutely ALL such drones need to be destroyed.
+Open season on drones.
+No tag, no limit (with appropriate hunting license). Out of State hunting licenses are available.
+If using fishing tackle: No Bait / No tackle Restrictions.
+All Conservation “Catch-and-Release” tagged specimens should be properly dispatched humanely by smashing against the nearest donut shop door.
+“Less than lethal” is such a nice meme. Less than lethal except when they’re lethal.
+Why are we upgrading the weaponry of the police, again?
+for the children
+Most agencies and trainers have dropped the word “than”. So they are called “Less Lethal”…
+Yep. That’s since Tasers have been known to kill people. One of the officers I trained hit a combative suspect on PCP multiple times / rides with an X26. He wouldn’t quit fighting until his heart just had enough – and stopped.
+I question the need for a civilian police force to arm, even with less lethal weapons, a drone. Can a drone fear for it’s life and be justified in the use of force to protect itself?
+I can understand cameras on drones. Don’t approve, but I can understand. But this isn’t a war zone. No arming of drones.
+Or do #dronelivesmatter?
+How long until a hacker takes control of an armed drone?
+Give ANYONE 3 minutes.
+If this happens in Utah I’m going to start carrying a snake gun… 410 shot shells should do nicely.
+00 buck out of my shotgun here in WA.
+Didn’t we see this movie already? Was it Robocop or Runaway?
+Terminator.
+Robocop, ED 209.
+.”
+Nice to know the police have such respect for the 4th amendment. Don’t think you need a warrant to conduct drone surveillance? Fine, how about people start snooping around YOUR house with drones, and we’ll see how long you keep up that notion.
+“”Becker remembered opponents like Rost saying.””
+Wow, that’s horrible reporting. The author didn’t even hear Rost saying that. The author remembers someone like Rost saying that. Who said that? What did they actually say? Another example of why modern reporting is anything but.
+Reminds me of a time when the Dallas Morning News, when reporting about me at a press conference, reported, “if he would have spoken, he likely would have said…” Yup, actually noted that I did not speak, but reported what they thought I would have said if I had spoken.
+“If you have nothing to hide, you have nothing to fear,”
+Nothing good ever follows that phrase.
+Drones don’t use encrypted signals, and their operating bandwidth is pretty narrow, so taking control of one should be pretty easy if you are ready for it. I look down the road and see the advent of miniature SAM sites on houses coming, for the express purpose of shooting down drones, along with hunter/killer drones. The birth of SkyNet will soon become reality!
+“I look down the road and see the advent of miniature SAM sites on houses coming,” Be prepared for the automatic non-judicial seizure and destruction of those homes.
+Begun this Drone War has. . .
+Ok that was funny.
+Winner!
+Off the shelf drones don’t, but any high-end police of military drones would likely do so.
+Now equipped with flash-bang launchers and crib-targeting software.
+Skynet.
+So.. a little clarification, I’m sitting here typing this, oddly enough, wearing my Lone Star UAS Center for Excellence and Innovation polo shirt. I have been directly involved in sourcing, funding, and creating organizations to develop drones for commercial use in the US. Our primary target was use in energy exploration and inspection, as well as tracking freight and trucking cargo. The safety and efficiency improvements drones could add to these fields is immense.
+It seems that, probably based on the video above, everyone here is thinking of the relatively small drones like the one pictured. I read the bill, and there is no reason to believe that these small, relatively simple drones will be the ones eventually deployed. There are much larger, more complex but more capable drones currently being used. They can fly 50 miles, accurately identify a natural gas leak in a pipeline, and either mark and return or loiter there for 30 minutes or more. Some can simply land and send a signal, taking off again when a ping hits them back, to save fuel. Their signals are indeed encrypted, their cameras are steady enough to accurately identify moving individuals from 50 feet above 75% of the time by face or even by gait, still individuals can go much higher. They can operate completely in the dark, and some of the larger ones have exceptional thermal and night vision cameras with still, sharp pictures. I have even seen a Mk19 successfully attached and launched from one made here in Texas. All of that is going on right now, not in the future.
+There is no reason to assume the versions deployed will be the hobby copter drones the public commonly sees in use.
+I could see drones replacing helicopters in certain roles such as search and rescue, and pursuits. I would imagine their maintence costs would be lower.
+However for anything beyond the exigent circumstances listed above, you’d need a warrant. Flying over Billy Bobs farm to look for his pot field constitutes a search, at least in my book.
+Plus how does a person reasonably know that the drone flying over their land isn’t some creep? I wouldn’t be surprised for these things to be shot down, or necessarily blame those who did. There are other more constitutional ways to get the job done if that’s what you want to do.
+There are a few specialized areas where remote controlled robots can be legitimately utilized. An armed barricaded subject is probably the best example. Driving the bot in to communicate and see what’s going on has helped several situations I’ve seen
+Bad news. Police are now fully militarized, drones from the sky to attack citizens. A drone can’t differentiate or think. No liberty here, assailant is judged guilty.
+“North Dakota Peace Officer’s Association”
+Not surpised union thugs are behind this, add this to the reasons all unions should be banned, especially the public sector leeches.
+The pigsters have no idea what “peace” means.
+Why do you hate freedom? Specifically, freedom of association?
+Freedom to demand something by stop working? Freedom to bully people? Freedom to send jobs overseas? We have a freedom of association but unions cross the line.. They are comparable to criminal organizations, in fact some if not most are.
+No drones!
+You can make your own drones, pretty cheap, too… You don’t have to stand on the ground and shoot them with your 12 ga…
+A violation of various amendments. It may be that the drone would be mistaken for a hawk after my livestock. Destruction of government property I can believe, but assault is taking it way too far into the 1984 zone. The feds may send FBI or troops to investigate what was powerful enough and had the range to shoot down one of their drones, but the state? Also, jamming is possible, as I know from r.c. plane flying, so no worries. Just find the frequency and interrupt it. Let the law of physics do the rest.
+No jamming is necessary. The drone can fly to a location, preplanned and loiter or follow programmed commands. One of those commands could be to locate any electronic signals in the area and follow their source, leading law enforcement to your door.
+Sounds like jamming is absolutely necessary. None of these things should be permitted to be weaponized. Just wait until such a version is captured by ISIS or some other terrorist group (like DOJ) and used against Americans.
+If this becomes common I see folks using combinations of countermeasures, from passive defense nets of loosely hung monofilament to a quiet 22 rifle. Believe me 15 pound test monofilament would be nearly impossible for a drone operator to see and react to in daylight, much less in darkness. Hung loosely where it would be sucked into the rotors and bind one or more up entirely, well gravity is a bitch who demands to be paid her due.
+I like it. Problem is the ones we need to be worried about are well out of reach.
+Folks, this is bad. Even on its face it should elicit an immediate response of revulsion and be roundly shouted down. This should never be allowed to happen for any reason. It’s gross and disgusting and an extreme abuse of power and authority. It’s too far and too much. It must be opposed always, at all cost. Anything less is too little. No compromise on this. It must be a line in the sand lest we cease to have any liberty or freedom in any respect or regard.
+Vlad, the law is passed. The line is crossed.
+I have a Tim Holtz idea-ology messager bag from CHA to giveaway today. You would look great carrying this to your next crop!
+Tim Holtz really rocked the show with all his fabulous and exciting new products -Sizzix, Core-dinations, Idea-ology, Distress Stains and must have stamps!!!
+In the comments section let me know-
+You can only pack one Tim Holtz new product into your bag what will you choose?
+Must be a blog follower.
+I'll choose a random winner Friday.
+266 comments:1 – 200 of 266 Newer› Newest»
+Oh my goodness! I saw some of the new embossing folders and dies - and I love them! I would definitely have to pack them in my bag!
+Awesome T.H. giveaway. Love it. I'd carry this bag everywhere and inside would be the new Tim Holtz Core-dinations and Distress Stains. :)
+)) Of course distress inks and stamps!
+My Vagabond :)
+This Bag would house all my precious "GO-TO" tools ...
+Would love the chance to win ...
+Love, Tracy G
+i just became a follower, but i was a reader already.
+the thing i would put i my new bag,is the new distress stains....
+Oh My Goodness.....swoon....I love all the New Tim Holtz goodies...I have to have those pocket watches, the light bulbs and those bottles are AWESOME!!! His new tray is a must have!!!!
+Thank you for this wonderful chance...PICK ME PLEASEEEEEEEEEE!!!!!
+Love all his products, but typeset alphabet is my favorite, followed by all the other new dies!
+Definitely the Distress Stains. Love them!
+That is really heavy, because I love all products. But really important are the distress inkpads.
+Thanks for the chance.
+Ah, just one? I'd go the with the amazing Distress stains!
+I'd pack the new Tim Holtz Core-dinations paper.
+Even though you must realize how difficult it is to pick just one favorite thing, it's Tim Holtz for crafts sake. But hands down it's all the new distress stains!!
+Gloria H
+I would put all of Tim's new ideology in the bag - love them - of course, I would also sneek in the distress stains and the sewing stamps and dies.
+NICE bag, what fun to carry! I'd put in a Tim Holtz Configurations. Can't get enough of those!
+Looking forward to the new resist papers myself! What would YOU choose?
+what a fabulous bag and a great giveaway!! if i could carry only one new tim holtz release in this bag i would want to have the kraft resist papers they look amazing i cant wait to see them in person!!thanks blue moon best shop online!!
+How about me! Wow, now I see what you guys are taking about... only one thing! This IS hard... Kraft resists too! We all know this means we would need another bag for distress stains -lol.
+BTW -the bag is 15 x 16 inches.
+Lisa
+Awesome T.H. giveaway. Love it. Thanks for the chance to win)))
+Hugs. Larisa. xx
+I'm so ready to get my hands on some new TH goodies! I love the stains...AND the awesome new movers and shapers! Ohhh soooo coooool! Thanks for the chance to win candy! And I've been a follower since my very first Bluemoon order...AND I referred some new friends I met at a crop yesterday! They were admiring my Little Boy collection...so I had to sing your prices and awesome service praises!
+~shelly
+I'd pack the new acrylic stamping blocks.
+I'm already a follower.
+Only one thing? I think that I already have 20 things on my list lol. 1 set of distress stains ;)
+Those new distress stains look so fun!! Thanks for the chance to win, and dream too!
+I would carry the vagabond in it...if I had one! haha
+great giveaway!
+Sizzix Alterations dies, just love them!
+:) Natasha
+OMG If had this bag I would definitely carry the new dies, specifically the dress form and umbrella man.
+Thanks for the opportunity.
+awesome bag , I hope I get one!!!!! I can carry all my dies and embosing folder when i go to a crop
+I would love to win. It would nice to carry on my Tim Holtz cruise in September.
+Jan
+oh wow, what a great giveaway! i would love-love-love to win this cool bag....and would use it to put in all my distress stains.
+Dare you part with it!
+A keepsake from CHA!
+Would love to have in my
+'Timmy' collection:)
+Cheers from up North:)
+Denise.
+It would have to be the die with the man and umbrella. He is just too cool. : )
+Ivette
+n1sunrider@aol.com
+the stamps.. no doubt about it.. the stamps.. ;) - thanks for the giveaway!
+it have to be all the new stampsets, LOVE them!
+Hugs, Trine-Lise
+I would have the resist papers and the news distess stains!!!!
+the new distress stains of course!
+OMYGOSH!! How COOL!!! I wish I could win it! :):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):):)
+The old fashioned card die.
+I would have to say the die with the man and the umbrella. He is just way too cool. : )
+Ivette
+n1sunrider@aol.com
+ONE of his new products??? Oh, I think it would have to be the new ATC die!! I think there is SOO much you can do with it!!!
+Only one???!!!! Do all of the dies count as one item?
+Seriously, there's so much to choose from: the dies, the texture fades, the stamps, the Distress stains, the Core'dinations paper, the new Distress pp pad...
+If I can pick only one thing for now, I'd go with the Reflections stamp; the possibilities with that image are just awesome!!!!!
+I'd pack the Vagabond (it's not a new product, but It's on my WISH list) - Love anything TIM!
+Barbara in Bellflower
+I love all his products!!Hmm only one thing...this is hard...
+I pick..Bigz dies Sewing room.
+Love this dies!
+I have a long list of his new items that I will be purchasing, but, the first one on my list is the journey die. Love it!
+Great giveaway...Would love to have Tim tucked in that bag. LOL. But I would settle for the New Core-dinations :)...
+I would have to pack the new reflections stamps into my TH messenger bag!! Can't wait to get those on order.....maybe I SHOULD do that now!!
+It has to be a product? I can't just tuck Tim in there?? Well, if I must choose I think it would be the new Kraft Resist paper.
+DO I have to pack only the things that fit in the bag??? Well, I LOVE the new dress form die and the new stamps he has... but REALLY I love everything!!!
+best regards,
+Wanda
+The most important Tim Holtz product that started it all: Distress Inks!
+aweseome giveaway! if i had to pack one thing, it would definitely be distress inks. i use them on almost everything i make. thanks for the chance and hope you had a ton of fun at CHA :)! have a great Sunday! *hugs* steph :)
+Only one?! Stamps that way :)
+Love anything from his ideology line. I love the new metal tags with numbers!
+He has so much new and lovely dies and embossing folders so it must be some of them.
+I would really love to win this lovely bag.
+Have a nice day everyone :-D
+Just one?! LOL...I'd have to choose the tissue tape dispenser. What a cool tool!
+I love that bag!!
+Totally cool!!
+I am a big Tim Holtz stamp fan, so if I won that amazing bag, I would want to pack any of his new stamp sets inside.
+Awesome giveaway!!
+I love this bag! I can only pick ONE, I guess it would be the coredinations cardstock! (to start)
+I'd put in a full set of the new acrylic blocks! There are so many new products to choose from.
+Now that is a tough one... can it be on new line of tim's or just one item.lol.... yes i'm sure you're referring to one item so I would have to go with the grunge blocks! I of course would have to order everything else but that's gonna happen not matter whet :)
+love...love...love the bag! the pen nibs of course :)
+Definitely the new stress stains in all the colors. Ana
+Awesome bag.. i would pack the new pocket watch cases.. oh my goodness have been looking for something like this for years..
+How can one choose only one? I guess it would be the new mini rosette die. Thank you for the chance to win.
+Jackie in Alaska
+Only 1 product? My goodness, I would put everything he released at CHA this time in the bag! That man rocks the house for sure!
+Aloha, Kate
+I love all the Tim Holtz stuff! How could u be so mean and make us choose just one.... lol
+Tim Holtz ALTERATIONS Sizzix Bigz Dies - Hardware Findings
+OH BOY !!!!!
+And yet ANOTHER way for us to LOVE bluemoon! So WHEN I WIN ~~~~ LOL~~~ I would love for you to place, lovingly, my new set of stamps,in my new Tim carring case!
+teehee, I'll let ya know which one set, since you have all of them choose from! Right on good buddy!
+As ever, Moe
+PS, this makes me HAPPY !
+It's almost impossible to choose just one! I am in love with the new dress form die & of course all of the new distress inks!!! I am a new follower Thanks for a chance to win this amazing giveaway!!!
+debpaint16@aol.com
+can I stuff Tim into my bag??? Please???????? If I can't have him personally I guess I'd settle for the distress stains.....I just purchased a retratable paper piercer thing from Tims' line and I love stabbing into stuff with it......lol. Love e3verything nhe does :)
+OK ~~~~ SO YOU could knock me over
+with a FEATHER !!!! I'm sure I read this right! When I win this great give away, I get to choose one new "TIM" treat, my choice, right? Oh, and like I didn't LOVE you guys ALREADY? WOW!
+And a great big Teddy Bear hug to
+you and LISA ! Thanks in advance... LOL
+As ever, Moe
+Love this bag & this give away!! My favorite would have to be the stains. I think they are one of my "must have" products!
+Goodness...difficult to choose just one of Tim's products. They are all stinkin cool!! But, my choice would be the dress form die cut from Tim's Sizzix line. Thanks for the chance to win this bag!! =)
+I could put any one of his new items in the bag, I want it all! :)
+Besides saying that I would like to put all of his new items in the back (never mind that all of that would never fit all in) I guess I would have to say the TIny Tags and Tabs die cut. Or maybe the antique car, or the man with the umbrella, or..............nuts, I want it all.
+I have my eye on a few of his new stamp sets - especially the curiosities one and the stuff to say one! Great giveaway...
+anything and everything that could fit in! hehe
+i'm a stamp lover, so definitely stamps and inks!
+thanks for the chance to win!
+hug
+sjuli
+I would pack the distress inks in the bag because I can't seem to call a project 'complete' unless I've distress inked something!
+I would pack his stamps, love the images.
+only 1 thing :O/ hmmmmmmm
+sorry....can't do it! :O) always more than 1 tim product!!! :O)
+grungepaper for sure
+distress ink
+stamps
+all the gorgeous embellies....
+dies
+see!!!! can't do just one! ;O)
+thanx for the chance
+blessings
+IF I could only pack one product...Distress Stains without a doubt - so versatile. If it has to be one singular item then it would be his Flourish stamp. Thanks for much for the chance to win.
+Any of his sizzix alternations, wich i love. But how can you choose he brought us so many great stuff once again.
+Hope to be lucky............
+Great give, okay just one--I would pick the Sizzix Alterations dies. Thanks for the chance to win.
+So nice of you to give away a bag! I would say every one of his products, but if I could only have one ...distress stains.
+Thanks!
+Distress stain. I can't wait to try them. Jane Bain
+Thanks BlueMoon for the chance to win a Tim Holtz bag. I would definetly pack my Vagabond Machine!
+Love it!
+Donna
+Ooooh, I love the BAG! It would definately hold the new distress stains, because I love them, too! <3
+Thank you for the chance to win a fab prize!! :D
+/ Jeanette
+Oooh - one new item - really no contest - need those new distress stains! And this bag is awesome! Would LOVE to win... fingers crossed!
+I would put any one of his new cling-mounted rubber stamp sets in that bag! Thanks Lisa & Scott for the chance to win!
+I would put any one of the Tim Holtz Stampers Anonymous cling-mounted rubber stamp sets in that bag! Thanks Lisa & Scott for the chance to win!
+I'm thinking that I would need the new Distress stains in my bag!
+Hummmmm......it would have to be the new Sewing Room die! Although it is really hard to choose just one thing, since I want (need) them all!
+Thanks for a chance to win a bag!
+Wanda
+I would totally put one of Tim's new stamp sets in the bag. I would say it would be Papillons or curiousities, or habadashery or stuff to say or steampunk. Maybe my bag would have to have five things in it!
+It is very complex to choose, but I choose embossing folders
+So hard to choose one...they are all so fabulous. Guess I'd go with the distress line of inkpads...definitely my favorite.
+thanks,
+teri borchers
+I sure would love one of each! But if I had to pick just one it would be the new pocket watch. Very cool.
+Gotta love Tim, Ranger, Sizzex, and Blue MOON!! Pink~a~licious Hugs, Jonnie
+Hmmmmm - would a vagabond fit in there? If not - then stamps, stamps, stamps!
+Thank you so much for this chance to win a TH bag! Boy, is it hard to choose just 1 product. But those are the rules, sooooo I will choose the new Distress Stains to go w/my Distress inks & Stickles. At least I'll be coordinated! (Now you realize I will also need to buy the folders, metals, edge dies, etc. to go in the bag later, don't you?)
+I would really love to have his distress stamps in the bag!! I can't wait for them to be released.
+probably the distress stains!! so hard to choose!
+mary t
+wow choosing one is too hard. I am loving the stains and the Core'dinations and the stamps.
+Thanks for the chance to win! I would pick the resist papers..first.
+Thnaks for the CHA videos.
+If I just could take one thing with me, it has to be the kraft resist paper pack it is fab. The other stuff I buy afterwords.
+The new kraft resist paper!
+Anything "Tim" makes me happy but if I had this bag I'd always have my Tim scissors and my distressing tool! Great giveaway idea!
+I would be sure to have my distress inks and a few die cuts.
+Thanks for a chance to win
+It would be the new stains.
+I'd like to put whole Tim Holtz in the bag!!! hehe kiding ;)
+Sure I'll choose ATC die or some embossing plates!
+Thank you!
+ok...don't laugh but a few weeks ago i had a dream that someone left a blue bag on the ground and in it was a tim holtz vagaban machine with cartridges and no one around so i was trying to decide whether to keep it or not and then i woke up....ahh! to dream!! jen t.
+My bag would have to have the new stains in it - loving all the new stuff but the stains my fav.
+Great give away! I'd carry distress inks!!!
+Cyndy G
+I would have to the embossing folders and new stamps! What a dream it would be to win!
+Only one?!?!? The Kraft Resist papers... (but I want it ALL!!!)
+Ooooooh, definitely the Kraft resist papers...they look amazing!!
+- April W
+I love the new core'dinations cardstock!!
+thanks for a chnace to win...i love blue moon scrapbooking!
+Definitely Tim's distress inks. Can't scrap without them. Love the bag.
+wow...so many....vut I think anything from the stamp collection....you can use over and over and over again...it will never go out of style and you can't run out!!!!! haha
+Love Bluemoon!!!!!! Jules:)
+I would love a vagabond in mine!!!
+T!na
+Without a doubt,Tim's new distress stains! I do so love that bag too! :-)
+The new distress stains because you could use them on every project..
+Distress stains for sure because you can use them on any and every project!!
+This bag is so cute!!! I would stuff this bag to the brim with the aleration dies (all of the dies count as one item, right?) LOL! Thanks so much for the giveaway!
+ohhhh how fun!!! i LOVE any of his distress inks but was thinking how cool his new coredinations CS is!!!
+If it fits I would put a Vagabond in there! As well as some dies and embossing folders if there is room! Thanks for the chance!
+What a wonderful giveaway!!!! You guys are just too sweet to do this. The one item that I would want in my new bag would be the TH Distress stains...they all look so yummy! Thanks for a chance to win!
+The glassine paper sounds intriguing! Tim just comes us with some of the most unique and awesome products ever !
+What a cool bag! I'd have to say the full set of distress stains - even though making that decision is very, very hard!
+Tim Holtz.... What can I say? I would want to pack as much stuff as that bag could handle!
+Awesome giveaway......Love the bag!!! Hmmm......one thing huh? You had to make it hard....lol....and I love anything Tim!!! I guess my choice would be either the new distress stains or one of his new stamp sets!!! I could keep going there are just so many to choose from!!! Thanks for the chance to win!!!
+I just love this bag!!! I would load it up with as much Tim Holtz's goodies as I could. But if I had to put one thing in it it would be the the new Core-dinations papers. Thanks so much for a chance.
+If I could only carry one product of Tim's, it would be a Vintage Photo Distress ink pad.
+Stampers Anonymous Butterfly Stamp CMS 106 !!!!!!!
+I love this bag. Would love to win this along with Tims distress stains.
+Well since my Vagabond is its own little compact unit, I'd use the bag to carry my dies and texture folders. Yes I would!
+What an awesome giveaway! Wow, just one thing? I'd pick the little bottles to keep myself occupied finding little goodies to put in them! lol :)
+Tough call! If I had to choose it would be distress stains for sure.
+What a wonderful giveaway! Thanks for the opportunity to win! I would have to go with the t!m's new kraft resist! That stuff looks awesome!
+I would love to tote this tote. Plus I can see just how many great products I could carry in it.
+The Distress Stains!
+Oh I would put in his new sewing die or one of his new stamps, no wait!! his new paper stash!!!
+Mini stapler !
+Love it--me me me me!
+I'd carry stains, inks, and stamps, and tools
+OH,What a Great Give Away!!!! If I won this Super Timmy Messenger Bag, I Would put the new Paper Stash Kraft Resist Papers inside...They are Awesome!!!!
+Patti
+Core-dinations! That would be a must-have in any bag!
+Great giveaway! I can't wait to see all the new stuff from Tim IRL. I've been swooning since he started posting peeks.
+definitely the distress stains! Love them!!!!
+Oh my - well - if we can't pack Tim's "creative brain" - then I would have to pick the STAMPS! am so loving the "backwards script" that I would have to carry it EVERYWHERE I go! *hee hee*
+Tim Holtz always has awesome products. I's love to have this great bag and I have to put Tim's new distressing stains and embossing folders in it. Thanks for the chance to win this bag.
+Angie Person
+I am on the waiting lsit for Tim Holtz cruise Sept/Oct 2011, if I win I will carry my bag onboard and show off ...lol,
+i would have to pack in my bag the new dies and embossing folders, but the embellishments are cool too! it is so hard to pick! i love it all!
+Maria - CT
+HRmmm the acrylic blocks! I like all the different sizes in the package and they don't look as chunky as the ones I have now. cleaner too!
+The thin acrylic stamp blocks. And of course the new paper packs.
+I can not wait for all his dies and will be getting them all, but till then thanks for the chance to win the tim holtz bag
+Any one of the new dies to use in my Vagabond that was purchased from BlueMoon!!!
+ONLY one of his new items?!?!!? Hmmm ... the Distress Stains! Everyone's raving about them - can't wait to have some to play with!
+I love my Distress Inks but I greatly look forward to using the Distress Stains.
+Love any and all Tim Holtz products. Would have to put his new stamps in the bag or would my Vagabond maybe fit. Hum-m-m. Cannot wait to get his new dies, distress stains, stamps, pocket watches, etc.,etc., etc. Great give away. Did he sign any of the bags?
+Oh fun giveaway only one item in bag? Does the vagabond fit? LOL I want the stains. but I really want it all. he had a great release and love it all. thanks for giveaway!
+Hugz
+Pam
+Well if I could pick anything to put in the bag, I would definetly pick Tim Holtz the man himself!!HeeHee! I would never lake inspiration, I could just ask him for ideas or he could help me when I have creative brain freezes!
+From Dianne Y from Maui
+Really hard to choose from all his great products,
+But....:.
+My choice would be TIM HOLTZ Tattered Florals SIZZIX Bigz Dies # 74-656640.
+This die can be used in so very many mediums. Fabric,metal, grungeboard. Etc.......
+My favorite of his dies.
+Jeannine
+I would love the new rosette die! But the distress stains would be great too!
+Definately would have to have that tape gun in my bag for my ever growing tool supply. :)
+Tim Holtz!!..awesome give a way and from BlueMoon too! couldn't ask for better.
+Tim Holtz' bag with Distressed Stickles in side and all from BlueMoon Scrapbooking.. YES!
+His new reflections stamp set And distressed stains
+What a fabulous prize!!! Totally love Tim Holtz and BlueMoon Scrapbooking! Tim's new dies and stamps are great! Can't wait to order them (or win)!
+Some of the new dies are awesome and I can't wait to try the new stains. I'd be lost without Distress inks and the new Coordinations paper is totally cool. Fantastic giveaway!
+Excited about new products like the pocket watch and drill. My ultimate Tim tool is the scissors of course!!! Loving the giveway!
+If I could only put one thing in my Tim Holtz idea-ology Messager Bag...it would be the new paper stack..Paper Statch
+samhearts@verizon.net
+Many things come to mind, but I would definitely pack the Tim Holtz Visual Artistry Stamp Collection because they are so beautiful & verbage is inspiring...
+love the core-dinations and the distress stains.
+I love this bag and inside I would carry Tim's new "Tattered Banners" die cut. You could find so many uses for this die.
+Oh My! What an awesome bag! Would loooove to have the chance to carry this to a crop!!! I'd have to carry the new dies and folders in it!! :)
+Well, My new Vagabond. I am saving to buy......I am a Tim Holtz FREAK...i love his stuff.
+I'd love to pack the new Tim Holtz Core-dinations paper in my bag. Thanks for a chance to win!
+SouthernMrs
+at verizon dot net
+Thanks so much for the opportunity to win this bag! I would have to go for the new distress inks.
+WOW one and only one thing to put in that beautiful bag....i guess i would say stamps (all of them) that is one thing right??? LOL thanks for the chance to win!
+The Umbrella Man die because he makes me smile!
+I would have to say my walnut stain destressing pad and my refill! I love my pad, its the same pad I have had from when it was first relased! I even named it Walter!!
+Just one thing...hmmm (impossible) but the new color wash ( we don`t have them in Norway jet ;-)) I would love to win this bag and show it of in England on Artsy Craft clas with Tim in 2 weeks ;-)
+i can picture myself with that bag.. filled to the brim with all the new dies, embossing folders, the light bulbs, distress inks.. lol i want it all :)
+thanks so much for the wonderful service and supplies you always enable us with ... all in one fantastic place..
+sending big hugs
+lynn
+If I had to go with one item to put in this cool bag, it would be his "A Compendium of Curiosites" book.
+I would put my vagabond in it! OR the Frozen Charlotte dolls!! :))
+Need to pick only one!!!! Boy, you are making this really hard! TH has so many cool things...but I would pick stamp sets.
+I would love to take this with me to my week long crop in Myrtle Beach the end of March!!! I would make all the other girls jealous! :)
+Wow Scott I was alreader a reader and a buyer but I am your 1000th...Wooohooooo follower........I would have to sayhis distress stains....which is an easy choice because any product I pick would be my favorite....( I was going to say Tim , himself...but it had to be one of "his" products......Geeez...(hehe..)...Can't win can I?????...the man is talented beyond belief....
+I would so pack his vagabond in that bag - what a power machine!
+I am coveting his new drill punch! I have so many ideas for using it!
+Oh to pack just one thing....it would have to be the distress inks.
+I would put some new stamps in it
+It would HAVE to be all the great new stains...whoo hoo! cannot wait to get those!!
+actmurray26
+Wow, just about anything of Tim's, but my favorite products are his distress inks. The bag would have them all.
+Definately the distress stains!
+If I could only pack one Tim Holtz new product into my bag it would be the Bigz Dies: Small Easel.
+Wow! What a really tough question. If I had to just pick one thing I would pick the new dress form die. I love the bag.
+distress inks distress inks distress inks!!
+awesome giveaway~
+Thanks for the chance to win~
+Lynn
+Passionwriter@gmail.com
+Cannot wait until the "new" TH products hit the shelves...my list grows and grows!!
+awesome give-a-away!! i don't know if i could choose a favorite. i love it all!! definitely all the new folders and distress stains though!
+oh oh oh Distress stains !!!!
+Ahh, you can't really mean I'd have to pick just ONE item! Well, if I had to, I guess I'd go with a package of those new distress stains. So many uses for so many projects!
+Oh I love Tim's new Distress Stains!!!
+I'd love to place a new stamp set in that wonderful bag.
+vintage photo distress stain.
+-  .
+Abstract
+Utilising organic residues in agriculture contributes to the conservation of natural resources by recycling carbon and mineral elements. Organic residues produced by the sugar and alcohol agroindustries have great potential for use in conservation agriculture. The production of sugar and alcohol generates large quantities of byproducts, such as filter cake and vinasse, which can be used as soil improvers and substitutes for inorganic phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. However, the use of these residues in agriculture requires specific recommendations for each pedoclimatic condition to prevent environmental damage.
+1. Introduction
+Recently, the high cost of fertilizers and concerns about environmental protection have been great incentives to study the recycling of the large quantities of organic residues produced as byproducts of the sugar and alcohol agroindustries in agriculture.
+The mechanized harvest of sugar cane, which is used widely in countries producing this crop, leaves about 6–24 t ha−1 of residues on the soil surface [1]. The layer of residues protects the soil against erosion, inhibits weed germination, improves water retention, ameliorates physical and biological soil properties, and is a source of plant nutrients. In addition, industrial processing of sugar cane to produce sugar and alcohol also generates residues, such as filter cake and vinasse, which have a great potential for use in agriculture as soil improvers and fertilizers. Commercial uses of industrial residues strengthen the sugar and alcohol agroindustries [2].
+Filter cake, a residue from the treatment of sugar cane juice by filtration, is a rich source of phosphorus and organic matter and has a large moisture content. It has been used as a complete or partial substitute for mineral fertilizers in sugar cane cultivation [3, 4], in the cultivation of other crops [5–10], in composting [11], in vermicomposting [12], and as a substrate in the production of seedlings [13, 14].
+Vinasse is an aqueous effluent of the distillation unit in the sugar-alcohol industry and a problem to the sector due to the large quantities produced and its potential effects as an environmental pollutant. It is largely composed of water, organic matter, and mineral elements. The environmental damage caused by discarding vinasse into the soil or running waters was an incentive to studies aiming to find alternative, economic applications for this residue. Results from such studies indicate that, properly used, vinasse contributes to improvements in soil quality [15–25] and agricultural productivity [19, 24–30].
+Recycling organic residues is a sustainable activity, which is increasingly necessary when dealing with natural resources [31]. It is recognized that the use of filter cake and vinasse, which are low cost materials, can improve soil fertility. Some authors even suggest that their use is beneficial to soil physical attributes, such as stability and average weighted diameter of aggregates [32]. It is possible to estimate the potential contribution of byproducts produced by the sugar-alcohol agroindustry to the annual recycling of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in cultivated land with sugar cane in Brazil (Table 1). These amount to 293 kt N, 99.6 kt P2O5, and 197 kt K2O. It should be noted that nitrogen and phosphorus are present as organic compounds and must be mineralized before becoming readily available to plants [33].
+The objective of this review is to evaluate the potential for the agricultural use of filter cake and vinasse and to discuss not only recent advances but also the necessity for further research.
+2. Filter Cake
+Filter cake is utilized as fertilizer in several countries, including Brazil, India, Australia, Cuba, Pakistan, Taiwan, South Africa, and Argentina. The residue is produced in large volumes (30–40 kg t−1 of crushed cane) and it contains a considerable amount of organic matter and mineral elements required for plant nutrition, characteristics that explain its potential for agriculture. It can partially substitute for mineral fertilizers [4], and some suggestions have been made as to the amounts to be applied in the cultivation of sugar cane. In Brazil, the recommended applications of filter cake pre-planting are 80–100 t ha−1 if applied to the whole area, 15–30 t ha−1 if applied in the planting grooves, or 40–50 t ha−1 if applied between the grooves [34].
+The chemical composition of filter cake is a function of the variety and maturation of the sugar cane, type of soil, procedure of juice clarification, and various other factors. Table 2 shows chemical composition data from various reports. Of the mineral constituents of filter cake, phosphorus is the most significant as a fertilizer in agriculture and, for this reason, it is intensely studied. Phosphorus is the nutrient mostly commonly applied to tropical soils due to its low natural availability, its high capacity for adsorption to soil colloids, and its joint precipitation with iron and aluminum oxides and hydroxides [35].
+The main effects of filter cake on soil chemical properties are increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium concentrations, increased cation exchange capacity (CEC), and reduced concentrations of exchangeable aluminum (Al3+), which is toxic to plants [37]. Beneficial effects on physical and biological soil properties are also observed. Thus, due to its characteristics, filter cake can play a fundamental role in agricultural production, in the maintenance of soil fertility, and as a soil conditioner [33].
+3. Effects of Filter Cake Application on the Production and Quality of Various Crops
+A report from Egypt [7] showed that the use of filter cake, enriched by rock phosphate in the presence or absence of a biofertilizer, in organic onion culture resulted in improved plant nutrition, growth and crop production, in addition to better export quality.
+The productivity of sugar cane crops receiving organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in a study conducted in Cuba [38]. It was observed that soil structure was improved when natural and organic fertilizers were used rather than chemical fertilizers. The authors reported that application of 15 t ha−1 of filter cake plus 2 t ha−1 zeolite, 4 t ha−1 of compost and 2 t ha−1 of phosphate and calcareous rock had better residual effects on soil properties that were reflected in the agricultural and industrial yield of sugar cane for over three years.
+In Swaziland, the destination of filter cake is a problem to the country. It is not widely used as a fertilizer, but one report [6] considers that this organic product should be better studied and used, for example, in the cultivation of manioc, in a similar manner to maize [39] and sweet potato cultivation [5]. There are indications that addition of filter cake at 60 t ha−1 has potential as an organic amendment in manioc production by preventing competition with weeds and increasing productivity by 50% compared to mineral fertilization [6].
+Another study in Swaziland [8] reports that the use of filter cake application is of great importance due to limited funds to buy chemical fertilizers in addition to its environmental benefits. The authors studied the application of different amounts of filter cake in maize cultivation (0, 10, 20, 40 t ha−1) and reported that the higher applications increased soil organic matter. Soil phosphorus concentrations increased from 6 mg kg−1 (without fertilizer) to 56 mg kg−1, while treatments with mineral fertilizer led to a phosphorus concentration of only 24 mg kg−1. Micronutrient concentrations were also increased, with exception of boron and copper. Maize yields were also increased by the addition of filter cake. Yields of maize crops receiving the largest amounts of filter cake (5,254 kg ha−1) were comparable to those receiving chemical fertilizers (5,046 kg ha−1), and both were much larger than the control treatment (3,732 kg ha−1).
+In a study conducted in Indonesia [9], ashes of rice husks and filter cake were applied at two amounts to cabbages and phosphorus availability in soil, phosphorus uptake by plants, and plant growth were determined. The results indicated that phosphorus availability increased 120% and 78%, when rice husk ashes and filter cake were applied, respectively. The treatments increased silicon concentrations, cation exchange capacity, solution pH, and anion concentrations in the soil. The authors also observed that in soils containing high amounts of organic matter, addition of rice ashes and filter cake increased phosphorus uptake 3-fold and 2-fold and increased plant growth by 197% and 231%, respectively. In soils poor in organic matter addition of rice ashes and filter cake increased phosphorus uptake by 1.9-fold and 2.7-fold and increased plant growth by 17% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to untreated soils.
+In a report from India [40] the combined application of N (0, 75, 100, and 150 kg ha−1) and filter cake (0, 10, 20, 30 t ha−1, with 80% water content) to sugar cane indicated that 10 t ha−1 of filter cake together with 75 kg ha−1 N produced equivalent yields to 150 kg ha−1 N, resulting in the saving of 75 kg ha−1 of chemical N fertilizer.
+Assays conducted in a Vertisoil in Sudan [41] indicated that filter cake applications to crops increased soil concentrations of organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus.
+Studies conducted in Brazil [42] evaluated the effects of filter cake in combination with mineral fertilizers (0, 50, and 100% of the recommended dose) in sugar cane production. It was observed that filter cake improved soil fertility, expressed as increased concentrations of macro- and micronutrients, and reduced soil acidity and concentrations of soil aluminum. Sugar cane plants showed a positive response to the addition of filter cake through increased concentrations of phosphorus, potassium, and copper in the aerial parts. The authors concluded that the use of filter cake in combination with mineral fertilizers can maximize productivity and reduce the costs associated with mineral fertilizers.
+In another Brazilian experiment [4], the response of vegetative growth and productivity of sugar cane to the application of fertilizers containing filter cake enriched with soluble phosphate was studied. It was verified that phosphorus increased productivity in sugar cane and that the application of filter cake to the planting grooves could substitute for part of the inorganic phosphate fertilizer. The best combination suggested by the authors to optimize the concentration of soluble solids and sugar production was 2.6–2.7 t ha−1 of filter cake in combination with 160–190 kg ha−1 of P2O5.
+The yield of lettuce in Brazil [10] showed a linear increase with the application of filter cake from 0 up to 40 t ha−1.
+The beneficial effects of filter cake were also demonstrated in Brazil [3] in a field study of ratoon cane where the application of 70 t ha−1 of fresh filter cake increased the production of cane sugar internodes.
+4. Other Applications of Filter Cake in Agriculture (Composting, Vermicomposting, and Substrate)
+Some factors, such as lack of solubility and unbalanced concentrations of nutrients, limit the application of filter cake to soil [12]. The strong disagreeable smell during biological degradation [43], the high temperature of the residue (65°C), and the long period of natural decomposition [44] are additional disadvantages. Reports in the literature mention immobilization of nutrients and phytotoxicity after application of residues that are not composted or otherwise stabilized [45]. Discarding the raw residue is of concern in developing countries, as for example, in India [12].
+Vermicomposting is an important technique for the utilization of filter cake. Filter cake has a high potential [12] as a starting material for vermicomposting and results in a biologically stable product that is free of pathogens, as confirmed by coliform counting. In India [46], vermicomposting of filter cake in combination with equine manure accelerated mineralization of nutrients and was adequate for growth and reproduction of earthworms.
+Other authors suggest composting as a viable use of filter cake [11]. In countries like Thailand, enhanced performance at composting facilities for organic products needs improvements to preserve nitrogen concentration and produce a stable product in the short term. The C/N ratio in filter cake is around 14 and in sugar cane bagasse, another sugar cane residue, it is 100. Therefore, the filter cake composting could result in considerable ammonia N loss through volatilization due to the low C/N ratio. On the other hand, bagasse composting is only possible with the addition of N due, in this case, to the high C/N ratio. Since composting maturation is highly dependent on the nature of organic residues, investigators in Thailand [11] determined the time required for filter cake to compost to a stable product and considered that composting a mixture of bagasse and filter cake (2 : 1 by weight) would prevent N losses by increasing the C/N ratio. The authors concluded that nitrogen loss was reduced by 12–15% and that both products have potential use in agricultural production. They also observed that during the first five days of composting the temperature of the mixture rose to about 55°C but decreased considerably (<40°C) in the next 15–20 days. The time for complete composting took approximately 90 days.
+Another application for filter cake is as a substrate for seedling production. Some trials conducted in Brazil have indicated that filter cake mixed with bagasse could be an adequate substrate for the production of eucalyptus [47] and citrus seedlings [14]. Citrus plants cultivated in this substrate were ready for grafting 120 days after transplanting, whilst plants growing in commercial substrate were not ready at this time. The addition of 18 g k−1 N to plants growing in substrate containing filter cake resulted in taller plants with more leaves, greater leaf area, and larger aerial dry matter than plants grown in commercial substrate [14].
+Evaluation of different substrates in the production of vegetable seedlings [13] verified that composted filter cake enriched with 4 kg m−3 of plain superphosphate produced better plant responses than commercial substrates.
+5. Vinasse
+Alcohol production generates large quantities of agroindustrial residues, the main one being vinasse, an aqueous effluent of the distillation unit in the sugar-alcohol industry [29]. The effluent is troublesome for the sector, not only because large volumes are produced but mainly because it can contribute to pollution.
+The quantity of vinasse produced depends on the processing technique employed and also on the wine composition, varying between 10 and 18 liters of vinasse per liter of alcohol produced [48]. It originates from three sugary musts: molasses, mixed must, and juice. Vinasse in natura is a dilute solution and its application to soil is made in high quantities, making use difficult in areas distant from the sites of production. However, vinasse can be concentrated by evaporation, resulting in a product with higher economic viability that can be transported to distant locations.
+Organic matter, K, N, Ca, and Mg are the main chemical components of vinasse (Table 3), K being the most important mineral element for the agricultural use of the residue. Therefore, vinasse is a source of nutrients, organic matter, and water and its use can contribute to increased productivity of sugar cane [29], with effects on the chemical [15], physical [20], and biological [49] soil attributes.
+However, the amount of vinasse applied in agriculture must follow appropriate guidelines, which vary according to soil characteristics. Specific recommendations must be followed for each region to prevent excessive use and consequent mineral lixiviation, for example, of nitrate and potassium, and contamination of subterranean waters. Also, the high content of organic matter in vinasse can contribute to significant pollution.
+6. Vinasse as a Pollutant
+The use of vinasse in agriculture is an important conservation practice, but its use has been challenged due to its high polluting potential to both soil and subterranean waters [48].
+Characteristics of vinasse that contribute to pollution are high CRO (chemical requirements for oxygen) and BRO (biological requirements for oxygen) values, an acidic pH, the elevated temperatures during production, and the consequent corrosive power [49]. Continuous application of high volumes of vinasse leads to increased soil nitrogen and potassium, the main chemical components of this residue [50, 51]. Vinasse also promotes soil alterations, such as improved aggregation, but this culminates in higher water infiltration, lixiviation of mineral elements, and contamination of subterranean waters.
+Studies conducted in Mexico [52] studied the influence of the raw material and anaerobically-aerobically treated vinasse (a treatment conducted in the presence and absence of oxygen to remove dissolved organic matter) on soil chemical properties. The authors concluded that untreated vinasse posed a risk of soil salinization and contamination by zinc and manganese. A report from Colombia [53] compared the physicochemical properties of vinasse residues for sugar cane processing with synthetic substrates. The results indicated that the use of both residues affected water quality and had environmental impacts. The authors suggested that the impacts of vinasse could be reduced by biological treatments, such as aerobic and anaerobic technologies that removed organic matter, nitrates, and dissolved solids.
+Analysis of ground water quality in areas of sugar cane production fertigated with in natura vinasse in volumes of 300 m3 ha−1 soil [50] concluded that the practice minimizes the polluting potential of the residue but still affected the quality of ground water, irrespective of the soil type.
+Another report from Brazil [54] relates studies on the effects of vinasse (300 m3 ha−1) on properties of various soils, including weakly humic Gley and Cambisol, conducted over 10 years. The authors concluded that the amounts of heavy metals were not changed and there was little risk of soil contamination with these elements.
+The effect of in natura vinasse applied at 0, 350, and 700 m3 ha−1 on the leaching of mineral elements was studied in three soils [51]. It was shown that cation concentrations in the leachate were less than those in the vinasse, indicating the high cation retention of soils. In a complementary study [55] the physicochemical properties of percolates in soils, which received vinasse applications of 0, 350, and 700 m3 ha−1 for different lengths of time (30 and 60 days), were evaluated and the parameters analyzed (CRO, BRO, EC, TDS, and pH) indicated lack of environmental problems and that the risk of polluting subterranean waters was low.
+It is obvious that there is no consensus about the polluting capacity of vinasse. The two main lines of thought indicate, on one side, deleterious effects on ground and surface waters while the other side claims that rational use of the residue does not result in environmental risk. However, it should be emphasized that depending on the amount of vinasse applied it might act as a pollutant or a beneficial soil conditioner. In this context, a review article [48] concludes that a consensus among authors is that the appropriate application of vinasse must consider the soil chemical and physical characteristics, besides aspects like the history of residue application, the intensity of cultivation in the agricultural area, and the proximity of water springs.
+7. Effects of Vinasse on the Improvement of Soil Quality
+Vinasse is being utilized in irrigation, mainly in sugar cane culture with results indicating improved quality in soil chemical, physical, and biological properties. In Brazil, several studies show the beneficial effects of the use of vinasse on soil chemical and physical properties. Increased concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg, improved soil macroaggregation, and a better development of the radicular system in sugar cane have all been observed following the application of vinasse [15]. The use of vinasse in fertigation increased cation concentrations in the soil, especially potassium [16]. In this context, the effects of application of vinasse to sugar cane in Brazil were evaluated over 10 years [17]. It was concluded that macronutrients were more abundant in the soil profile, but micronutrient availability was reduced.
+In a comparative study of different soil types before and after application of vinasse [18], it was observed that the residue increased the pH and potassium concentrations in depths varying according to the type of soil. Another group of investigators [19] also verified increased potassium and organic carbon concentrations when studying the chemical properties of soils treated with vinasse and used for sugar cane production. Therefore, if vinasse is an important source of potassium, its use could reduce the need for inorganic potassium fertilizers.
+The effects on soil physicochemical properties after continuous application of vinasse for three years were analyzed in a study conducted in China [20]. The results showed a decrease in soil density, increased capillary porosity and, again, increased concentrations of potassium. It was concluded that continuous application of the residue promotes conditions able to sustain the growth and productivity of sugar cane. Another report from the same country [21] concluded that vinasse used as a fertilizer increases soil fertility in sugar cane production systems.
+The populations of microorganisms, bacteria in general, and actinomycetes, in soil cultured with sugar cane fertilized with different organic residues [22] were larger when soils were treated with vinasse and filter cake compared to other residues, implying an improvement in the biological quality of soil when these residues are used.
+The beneficial effects and risks of applying vinasse from wine production to the soil over extended periods have been studied in Spain [23]. The treatment resulted in increased soil electrical conductivity and a small decrease in pH. Another study in the same country on vinasse from sugar beets [24] showed increased concentrations of soil organic matter and nitrogen and an increase in soil cation exchange capacity.
+Studies in Greece [25] have described the effects of the addition of vinasse on the physicochemical properties of soils used for wheat production. The results indicated that the application of vinasse resulted in increased, but nontoxic, concentrations of potassium, sodium, and manganese in the soil. As a whole, it is possible to conclude that agricultural use of vinasse leads to improvements in soil quality with consequent benefits for crop productivity.
+8. Plant Response to Application of Vinasse
+The use of vinasse in fertigation systems has advantages because it can contribute substantial amounts of water and mineral nutrients, support soil quality and crop productivity [56], and finally, but no less importantly, can solve the environmental problem of the disposal of this agro-industrial residue.
+In China sugar cane treated with vinasse has increased productivity and sucrose yields [26, 27]. In Brazil [19, 28], long-term application of vinasse (150 m3 ha−1 year−1) in sugar cane production confirmed positive effects on productivity and increased potassium concentration in soil, as already discussed. Other Brazilian studies [29] involving the application of vinasse and management of the straw cover in sugar cane production also indicated gains in productivity and sugar production. Applications of vinasse of 300–400 m3 ha−1 were considered adequate to increase sugar and alcohol production [30]. In Greece, wheat production was increased by vinasse application, confirming the beneficial effects of the residue in agriculture. In Spain [24], yields of beets and maize were compared after treatments with an organic compound based on vinasse or a mineral fertilizer. Crop production was similar in both treatments indicating that the utilization of vinasse is a viable alternative for mineral fertilizers. Therefore, conservation practices, like the employment of residues in agriculture can contribute to increased agricultural productivity whilst minimizing environmental pollution.
+9. Concluding Remarks
+Filter cake and vinasse, which are produced in large quantities by sugar-alcohol agroindustries in various countries, have great potential for agricultural use. Filter cake has been utilized with good results, as a substitute for phosphate mineral fertilizers in field crop production, in composting and vermicomposting processes, and as a substrate for the production of seedlings. The use of vinasse in fertigation is increasing in several agricultural areas, substituting for potassium mineral fertilizers and furnishing water, organic matter, and other mineral nutrients in smaller quantities. The use of both filter cake and vinasse should be optimized for each agricultural system and follow recommendations of responsible organisations to prevent environmental damage.
+References
+- R. P. Viator, R. M. Johnson, E. P. Richard Jr., H. L. Waguespack, and W. Jackson, “Influence of nonoptimal ripener applications and postharvest residue retention on sugarcane second ratoon yields,” Agronomy Journal, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 1769–1773, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- T. Goes, R. Marra, and G. S. Silva, “Setor sucroalcooleiro no Brasil situação atual e perspectivas,” Revista Política Agrícola, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 39–51, 2008.
+- P. R. F. Fravet, R. A. B. Soares, R. M. Q. Lana, A. M. Q. Lana, and G. H. Korndörfer, “Efeito de doses de torta de filtro e modo de aplicação sobre a produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar,” Ciência e Agrotecnologia, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 618–624, 2010.
+-, no. 5, pp. 443–449, 2011.
+- E. M. Ossom and R. L. Rhykerd, “Response of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. to soil fertilization with filter cake,” Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, vol. 100, no. 3-4, pp. 197–208, 2007.
+- E. M. Ossom, “Effects of filter cake fertilization on weed infestation, disease incidence and tuber yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Swaziland,” International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45–50, 2010. View at Scopus
+- A. A. Abo-Baker Basha, “Improving filter mud cake with rock phosphate and biofertilizers for exporting organic onion production in newly cultivated land at south valley area,” Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 5, no. 8, pp. 1354–1361, 2011. View at Scopus
+- E. M. Ossom and F. T. Dlamini, “Effects of filter cake on soil mineral nutrients and maize (Zea mays L.) agronomy,” Tropical Agriculture, vol. 89, no. 3, pp. 141–150, 2012.
+- S. R. Utami, S. Kurniawan, B. Situmorang, and N. D. Rositasari, “Increasing P-availability and P-uptake using sugarcane filter cake and rice husk ash to improve chinesse cabbage (Brassica Sp) growth in Andisol, East Java,” Journal of Agricultural Science, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. 153–160, 2012.
+- C. T. C. Santana, A. Santi, R. Dallacort, M. L. Santos, and C. B. Menezes, “Desempenho de cultivares de alface americana em resposta a diferentes doses de torta de filtro,” Revista Ciência Agronômica, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 22–29, 2012.
+- S. Meunchang, S. Panichsakpatana, and R. W. Weaver, “Co-composting of filter cake and bagasse; by-products from a sugar mill,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 96, no. 4, pp. 437–442, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- M. Khwairakpam and R. Bhargava, “Bioconversion of filter mud using vermicomposting employing two exotic and one local earthworm species,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 23, pp. 5846–5852, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- A. C. P. Santos, P. V. Baldotto, P. A. A. Marques, W. L. Domingues, and H. L. Pereira, “Utilização de torta de filtro como substrato para a produção de mudas de hortaliças,” Colloquium Agrariae, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–5, 2005.
+- E. B. Azevedo, C. S. Marinho, R. A. Muniz, and A. J. C. Carvalho, “Substratos fertilizados com uréia revestida e o crescimento e estado nutricional da muda de citros,” Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 129–137, 2009.
+- A. J. N. Silva, M. S. V. Cabeda, F. G. Carvalho, and J. F. W. F. Lima, “Alterações físicas e químicas de um Argissolo amarelo sob diferentes sistemas de uso e manejo,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 76–83, 2006.
+- F. V. Bebé, M. M. Rolim, E. M. R. Pedrosa, G. B. Silva, and V. S. Oliveira, “Avaliação de solos sob diferentes períodos de aplicação com vinhaça,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 781–787, 2009.
+- R. P. B. Barros, P. R. A. Viégas, T. L. Silva et al., “Alterações em atributos químicos de solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar e adição de vinhaça,” Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 341–346, 2010.
+- F. L. Brito, M. M. Rolim, and E. M. R. Pedrosa, “Efeito da aplicação de vinhaça nas características químicas de solos da zona da mata de Pernambuco,” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 456–462, 2009.
+- C. A. Zolin, J. Paulino, A. Bertonha, P. S. L. Freitas, and M. V. Folegatti, “Estudo exploratório do uso da vinhaça ao longo do tempo. I. características do solo,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 22–28, 2011.
+- Z. P. Jiang, Y. R. Li, G. P. Wei et al., “Effect of long-term vinasse application on physico-chemical properties of sugarcane field soils,” Sugar Tech, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 412–417, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
+- Q. You, T. M. Su, and Y. Zhong, “Effects of vinasse on sugarcane field,” Guangxi Agricultural Sciences, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 677–680, 2009.
+- Y. C. Meng, Q. Z. Tang, Z. Liu, G. F. Chen, and Y. Wang, “Impact of several organic materials of sugar industry on soil microbe population in sugarcane field,” Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 389–392, 2009.
+- P. C. Bueno, J. A. M. Rubí, R. G. Giménez, and R. J. Ballesta, “Impacts caused by the addition of wine vinasse on some chemical and mineralogical properties of a Luvisol and a Vertisol in la Mancha (Central Spain),” Journal of Soils and Sediments, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 121–128, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar ·
+- T. A. Gemtos, N. Chouliaras, and S. Marakis, “Vinasse rate, time of application and compaction effect on soil properties and durum wheat crop,” Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 283–296, 1999. View at Scopus
+- Y. C. Mo, Y. P. Ye, Q. Liang, and Y. R. Li, “Effects of vinasse on the quality of sugarcane and key enzymes in sucrose synthesis,” Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 55–59, 2009.
+- Y. R. Li, Q. Z. Zhu, and W. Z. Wang, “Multiple location experiment of technique system for direct rational application of vinasse from cane mill in sugarcane fields,” Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 749–756, 2008.
+- J. Paulino, C. A. Zolin, A. Bertonha, P. S. L. Freitas, and M. V. Folegatti, “Estudo exploratório do uso da vinhaça ao longo do tempo. II. Características da cana-de-açúcar,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 244–249, 2011.
+- A. S. Resende, A. Santos, R. P. Xavier et al., “Efeito da queima da palhada da cana-de-açúcar e de aplicações de vinhaça e adubo nitrogenado em características tecnológicas da cultura,” Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 937–941, 2006.
+- A. F. Paulino, C. C. Medina, C. R. P. Robaina, and R. A. Laurani, “Produções agrícola e industrial de cana-de-açúcar submetida a doses de vinhaça,” Semina: Ciências Agrárias, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 145–150, 2002.
+- G. E. Rayment, “Northeast Australian experience in minimizing environmental harm from waste recycling and potential pollutants of soil and water,” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, vol. 36, no. 1–3, pp. 121–131, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- R. F. B. Vasconcelos, J. R. B. Cantalice, A. J. N. Silva, V. S. Oliveira, and Y. J. A. B. Silva, “Limites de consistência e propriedades químicas de um Latossolo Amarelo distrocoeso sob aplicação de diferentes resíduos da cana-de-açúcar,” Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 639–648, 2010.
+- R. Rossetto, F. L. F. Dias, A. C. Vitti, H. Cantarella, and M. G. A. Landell, “Manejo conservacionista e reciclagem de nutrientes em cana-de-açúcar tendo em vista a colheita mecânica,” Informações Agronômicas, no. 124, pp. 8–13,.
+- O. A. Camargo, R. S. Berton, R. N. Geraldi, and J. M. A. S. Valadares, “Alterações de características químicas de um Latossolo Roxo distrófico incubado com resíduos da indústria álcool-açucareira,” Bragantia, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 125–139, 1984.
+- G. H. Korndörfer and D. L. Anderson, “Use and impact of sugaralcohol residues vinasse and filter on sugarcane production in Brazil,” Sugar y Azucar, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 26–35, 1997.
+- B. Díaz, B. Barreto, P. Cairo et al., “La aplicación de fertilizantes orgánicos y minerales naturales en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar (parte II): efecto a largo plazo sobre el rendimiento y la calidad del suelo,” Centro Azúcar, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 35–42, 2010.
+- E. M. Ossom and M. H. Nxumalo, “Effects of filter cake on agronomic characteristics and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Swaziland,” UNISWA Journal of Agriculture, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 81–89, 2006.
+- N. P. S. Yaduvanshi, D. V. Yadav, and T. Singh, “Economy in fertilizer nitrogen by its integrated application with sulphitation filter cake on sugarcane,” Biological Wastes, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 75–79, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- A. B. A. Júnior, C. W. A. Nascimento, M. F. Sobral, F. B.–1001, 2011.
+- W. T. Tsai, H. P. Chen, C. W. Lai, K. J. Hsien, M. S. Lee, and J. M. Yang, “Preparation of adsorbents from sugarcane manufacturing by-product filter-mud by thermal activation,” Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 399–411, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- B. Sen and T. S. Chandra, “Chemolytic and solid-state spectroscopic evaluation of organic matter transformation during vermicomposting of sugar industry wastes,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 1680–1683, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- T. A. Butler, L. J. Sikora, P. M. Steinhilber, and L. W. Douglass, “Compost age and sample storage effects on maturity indicators of biosolids compost,” Journal of Environmental Quality, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 2141–2148, 2001. View at Scopus
+- P. Sangwan, C. P. Kaushik, and V. K. Garg, “Feasibility of utilization of horse dung spiked filter cake in vermicomposters using exotic earthworm Eisenia foetida,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 2442–2448, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
+- T. A. S. Freitas, D. G. Barroso, J. G. A. Carneiro, R. M. Panchel, K. R. Lamônica, and D. A. Ferreira, “Desempenho radicular de mudas de eucalipto produzidas em diferentes recipientes e substratos,” Revista Árvore, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 853–861, 2005.
+- M. A. S. Silva, N. P. Griebeler, and L. C. Borges, “Uso de vinhaça e impactos nas propriedades do solo e lençol freático,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 108–114, 2007.
+- E. M. O. Laime, P. D. Fernandes, D. C. S. Oliveira, and E. A. Freire, “Possibilidades tecnológicas para a destinação da vinhaça: uma revisão,” Revista Trópica, vol. 5, no. 3, p. 16, 2011.
+- M. R. C. C. Lyra, M. M. Rolim, and J. A. A. Silva, “Toposseqüência de solos fertigados com vinhaça: contribuição para a qualidade das águas do lençol freático,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 525–532, 2003.
+- F. L. Brito, M. M. Rolim, and E. M. R. Pedrosa, “Concentração de cátions presentes no lixiviado de solos tratados com vinhaça,” Engenharia Agrícola, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 773–781, 2007.
+- F. B. Zúñiga, M. C. D. Bazúa, and R. Lozano, “Cambios químicos en el suelo por aplicación de materia orgánica soluble tipo vinazas,” Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 89–101, 2000.
+- V. Z. Cerón and M. A. G. Ayerbe, “Caracterización ambiental de las vinazas de residuos de ca��a de azúcar resultantes de la producción de etanol,” Dyna, vol. 80, no. 177, pp. 124–131, 2013.
+- J. F. G. P. Ramalho and N. M. B. A. Sobrinho, “Metais pesados em solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar pelo uso de resíduos agroindustriais,” Floresta e Ambiente, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 120–129, 2001.
+- F. L. Brito, M. M. Rolim, J. A. A. Silva, and E. M. R. Pedrosa, “Qualidade do percolado de solos que receberam vinhaça em diferentes doses e tempo de incubação,” Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 318–323, 2007.
+- C. Á. R. Junqueira, V. E. Molina Jr., L. F. Lossardo et al., “Identificação do potencial de contaminação de aquíferos livres por vinhaça na bacia do Ribeirão do Pântano, Descalvado (SP), Brasil,” Revista Brasileira de Geociências, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 507–518, 2009.
+Sunday, May 31, 2009
+Left vs. Right
+As we continue down our merry way we inevitably come to a place where we realize that things aren't always as they seem. Something clicks, and just simply doesn't make sense. We ask ourselves a question. We are often afraid to ask out loud for fear of appearing stupid, or for fear of causing a problem. Ask enough questions and people label you a trouble maker. I have earned just such a label many times in my life. I actually have an aversion to following the herd to the point of out right rebelliousness. If I notice too many people sharing the same ideas I get nervous. I suppose it would be considered a phobia of sorts. So as more and more people awaken to what are quite obvious realities to me, my space becomes crowded. One particular exception I can make comes in the division of the political left vs. the political right. When you go as far down the rabbit hole (down in a hole) as you dare go things begin to take on a slightly different meaning in life. I love my country and everything that it is supposed to stand for. I also know there are many people out there that feel the exact same way as I do. All ages, all races, all political affiliations. All religions, the rich, and the poor, the gay and the straight. ALL OF US! This country was supposed to be founded on the principle that any person feeling persecuted or oppressed could immigrate here and start a new life, with certain inalienable, god given rights. A REPUBLIC, based on these rights with laws to protect the people. Many warnings were given to us by our founding fathers to remind us of our responsibilities as citizens. Many of our own ancestors gave their life in order to allow future generations to prevail in our country. How many citizens would die for these rights today? Today, I am asking everyone to awaken from the lies and stand as one people against the true enemy that has infiltrated our beloved nation. Our common enemy seeks to deceive us in many ways. None more effective then to divide us into two perfectly opposed groups, forcing us all to fall within the narrow parameters of these two groups. The truth of the matter is there are several different, wonderful ideas that make us all up. We are all very complex and unique. The enemy would have you believe your neighbor is the real enemy. Or anyone that doesn't look like you, or act like you, or think like you. Our political system is supposed to be comprised of two political parties. This is one of the more dangerous lies being accepted as truth today. Our congress, our house of representatives, our president all answer to the same group of people. They are supposed to answer to us, the people of this country, but they do not. They are completely bought for and paid in full by the corporate menace, that many have and are trying to warn us of. Powerful, rich, lobbyists, have completely hijacked, and taken over control. The last part of their mission, to control and enslave the entire population. While we argue conservative vs. liberal, they continue to pass legislation that continues to attack and erode our economy, our rights, our ability to rationally think for ourselves without being deluded by their constant cooperate programing that not only lies to you, but threatens the very existence of your family as well as mine. They have been poisoning the water with fluoride, telling you it is necessary for your teeth. They have systematically removed all the vitamins and nutrition from your food, made health care into a pharmaceutical bonanza for drug makers and insurance companies alike. They have convinced you to buy a house, drive a gas guzzling S.U.V., buy all the toys you could possibly want. Then try to convince you that YOU are the one destroying the environment by your reckless ways. Soon they will try to levy a carbon tax on your lifestyle, that they convinced you was your right. They tax you to death, then turn around and give the money that is supposed to be helping us to their rich, ponzi scheme, bankster buddies. One of the most soundest economic principles would be to end the Federal Reserve banking system. Do your research. This system, that began in 1913, is one of the main reasons we are in the situation we are in today. Left unabated, our upcoming depression will make the great depression appear like kindergarten. Lets not forget the wars we were lied into by one administration just to be continued by the next, and expanded it appears! Or lets not forget the thousands of innocent people that were killed that day in September, by box cutter wielding terrorists from a cave in Afghanistan (WINK!) How many assaults will it take? The landscape is littered with rabbit holes, all begging to be explored. Stop tripping on the damn things and go down one and check it out. My friends, they are fighting us from a unified, powerful, advanced position. The only way we stand a chance, is to set aside our juvenile differences, and band together in a overwhelming opposing force of one, and civilly disobey them. We must get off our asses, clean ourselves up, and take responsibility for ourselves, empowering ourselves, standing together as one. Divided we fall. The enemy is within. Once you realize that, the real work can begin. Cleaning up the god awful mess we have aloud to take place. We owe it to ourselves. We owe it to our children. We owe it to the rest of the world! Why not go viral with making this Independence day, the day we reclaim our country. Tell your friends, family, anyone and everyone. Take a stand. It may be our last chance. The enemy is not the conservative republicans, or the liberal democrats, or the vast majority of middle of the road, conscious, hard working Americans. It is your government, carrying out the agenda of the rich elite multinational bankers, seeking to control the whole world. You may not like that, but it is the simple truth! PEACE! To all I wish happiness and the right to pursue it, no matter who you are! And under no circumstances allow yourselves to be sucked into their little game. They want you to fight. Then they have the reason to kick our asses and lock us down. The only way this battle can be won is through peaceful means. CIVILLY DISOBEY THE MASTERS!!! NO IS THE WORD!!!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 8:08 PM 0 comments
+Labels: government, Politicians
+Fascinating!
+As an amateur researcher I have learned to follow my instincts on what to study. I study ancient civilizations, world events ( geopolitical, religious, social movements, nature, etc.), spiritual philosophy, myths, symbols, and belief structures. One of my favorite things to read about are crop circles. If you study the history of crop circles, you will find accounts of them hundreds of years old. Only recently have they gotten attention in the alternative media. You rarely see any news on them on the nightly news. Many people have dismissed them as being created by two drunken Brits named Doug and Dave. They show how using rope and boards they tramp down the crops to create the patterns. There is no doubt that some circles are created this way. When a crop is trampled down the stalks actually are broken. When a crop circle is created by some other means, the stalks are seldom damaged, they are only bent, and continue to grow. The other interesting thing in a genuine circle is the water content in the ground around and within the circle is sucked right out of the ground. Some people think the circle is created by a high temperature, steaming effect, where the moisture is used to cool the stalk as it is heated and bent. The alternative explanation is some sort of alien, as in not of this world, force is creating these genuine circles. Whatever is behind these circles, they seem to be trying to tell us something. The most recent circles are thought to be possibly warning us about our sun. See this link for a further explanation. Some Australian researchers think there may be a large solar event in our very near future, as shown buy May's crop circles. They suggest the circle makers are telling us that early July, 2009 is this date. I find this interesting on many levels. First of all, if you study the Myan prophecies carefully you will know that the famed 12-21-2012 end date of their calender is more representative of a window of time and not a literal date of transformation. From my studies of the Myan elders, they are saying that a window of possibility of transformation opened in the fall equinox of 2007. This window of possibility is open for 7yrs. So they say the shift of the ages possibly occurs between 2007-2014. Factor in the solar minimum that has been occurring since 2005, (notice the much cooler temperatures?), is currently the 2Nd greatest minimum of the century. My logic tells me that when the sun does become active again it could do say very abruptly. The other thing I find interesting is our current social climate. Never before have we faced the challenges that we do right now in society on so many levels. I think this 4Th of July could be very interesting on many levels. On the economic front, the mass media have been trying to convince us the economy is getting better, but the actual information is quite contrary. It all seems to be building. The bright side to all of this is we would have a 2-3 day window, if the sun pulled a crazy stunt. The down side is I doubt if the government would say a word. In any event, sudden solar activity could be the beginning of some really interesting changes. As we all know, the sun provides us with life, and many, many spiritual disciplines worship the sun as the principle Deity. Could the sun have the potential to change us, on all levels of being? Could the sudden influx of electromagnetic, highly energized photons, change us at the most fundamental level? Could the sun have the power to systematically change and upgrade our DNA to thus evolve us on the quantum level, in one fantastic moment? That would be a day to remember! I have no idea what will really happen in July, perhaps just another month of business as usual, but maybe, just maybe...........My hopes are always of the highest nature for the good of us all! PEACE to all of you! Be well. If you are interested you can monitor the suns activity here. Really neat information about the sun, and different space related information.
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:07 AM 1 comments
+Labels: 2012, Crop circles, Solar activity
+Saturday, May 30, 2009
+Shocking!
+It alarms me to no end that people in this country sit placidly awaiting the proverbial slap in the face that is coming. Why can't we read the writing on the wall? Oh, that's right, we can't read. Or more to the point, we wont read. It is much easier to sit and watch the corporate, mass produced, propaganda that passes as news. The dumbing down of the populace has achieved the desensitized, care only for our selves, zombies we have become. If this article does not shock you, then your brain dead! (Which most of you certainly are!) Wake up people. The mere fact a mother is considered a negligent parent for choosing to find alternative ways of dealing with her teenage son's cancer, other than taking a shot of highly toxic chemicals, is absolutely criminal! Since when are we forced to accept certain treatments over others? Since now! Only in AMERIKA! We are losing our country faster then you can say; "I pledge allegiance, to the flag, of the United States of America, and to the REPUBLIC for which it stands; one Nation, under GOD, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." Anyone saying those words and truly meaning them should understand and educate themselves to the true reality of the high tech, unconstitutional, police state, dictatorship the Federal government has become. Through the corporate cooperation, our society is being turned into a massive control paradigm of control and consent that would make Hitler envious. Every level of liberty is under attack. Wake up, before it's too late! The only recourse we have is to civilly disobey, en mass, this wicked plan of control. They always say, "But it's for your own good." Bullshit!!! It's always for their own good, and profit!! One simple word empowers you. NO! Say it with me. NO! It's time to get mad as hell and not take this bullshit any longer! No I will not allow you to dictate my health care. No I will not allow you to feed me poison. No I will not allow you to poison the drinking water. No, I will not take your drugs to pacify me. No I will not support your privatising corporate profit while socializing the debt! No I will not support the systematic rape and torture of the planet, as well as human beings. No, I will not support the brain washing of the population to blindly follow your destructive plans. No, I WILL NOT BE SILENCED! WAKE UP PEOPLE! SAY NO! NO! NO! NO! I WILL NOT ACCEPT THIS SHIT ANY LONGER!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 9:33 AM 2 comments
+Labels: Medical Police State Government!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 2:27 PM 2 comments
+Monday, May 25, 2009
+The Dance of the Jester.
+Orwellian utterances bark rabid concessions under misguided consent of protection. The populace falls further into slumber amidst desires of Disney dreams embraced. Sudden impact of reality to jostle awake a precious few, who in response declare a personal war on fascist dictators, opposing your right to even breathe. Faceless, spineless, parasitic response to a growing morbid attack on pursing happiness, the Juggernaut crushes the soul of all who dare oppose it. Programmed from within, new walls appear as old ones are torn down. The endless cycle of terror, provides comfort of control for masters beckon call. Slaves must revolt, until assumed justice, predicates a new view from the summit. Once lofty vision placates desire, a new form of justice repeals the next generational murmurings of lost vision from the depths. Thus repeated mutations of the same gene unfold before the seers eyes can adjust to the new terrain. Self imposed restrictions continue to perform the valiant deed, prison but an arms length away. Just past the normal perception, time and space collide in the illusion of now. Foretelling of the battle of yesterday to unfold tomorrow. In sheer folly the jester tosses the final ball into the air, the kings astonishment foretold the lie, accustomed to the ridicule, the armies march on cue. Embattled justice to ensue as darkness devourers the spark. Three fold evenings to pass beyond awareness, the spark emerges, dawn of a new time, a place where time unwinds, to rekindle the forgotten elders words, spoken softly, on the dew of the mornings sun.
+Posted by EtherEagle at 1:45 PM 2 comments
+Laid Bare
+I am an open book, for all to read.!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 1:13 PM 0 comments
+Labels: Communication
+Friday, May 22, 2009
+Personal Observations
+Right now, as you read these words, there is a war going on inside a war. There has been a coup going on inside the ruling elite. First you have the Rothschild faction, they would be the Illuminati, the luciferian occultists who have ties to multiple different groups including free masonry. Then you have the recently developed, Neocon faction, comprised of far right, evangelical, corporate banking elite( Bush, Cheney, Rockefeller's) also free masons. Now as the Bilerberg meetings prove, these groups comprise the overall group but there are disagreements within the group overall. They are both negative, they both wish to strip us of our rights and our wealth. They both are consumed with the need to control us. They are also secretly afraid of us. The main reason for controlling us is to keep us from realizing our true nature of being. For if we realized what that is, there would be absolutely no need for government, religion, law enforcement, courts and prisons, societal control structures, none of it!! That terrifies them! They would no longer be needed. The only way they remain in power is to deceive us with the belief we need all these things to have a order. But look how well the system is working! It is literally a house of cards ready to fall at any moment. There also is another faction of very highly developed, masonic masters, that I believe exists to undermine all of the ruling elite's efforts. They will never truly be known in the public mind, but I suspect they are there. They are the branch, of our masonic founding fathers. They are spiritually empowered through the cornerstone of secret, masonic teachings, combined with the positive energy of love for us all. They wish no harm on any of us. They seek only to teach us who we really are. However they may not directly violate our free will. They believe in, and follow universal law, as deemed by the enlightened ones who could truly be considered gods in the loosest sense. I have every reason to believe the late Joseph Campbell was one of these "White Hat Masons". Now please keep in mind this is an extremely simplified version, as there are many other components involved, including a oriental secret society putting tremendous pressure on the Bilderberg group to stand down. So where to go from here?
+As I said at the close of the first paragraph, there are solutions. We need to understand that old methods of fighting are not going to work. If we Overwhelm them with force we will end up with a system very similar to what we have now. What we need is truth. What we need is a place where scarcity is not focused upon, but solutions for abundance are realized. That can only happen in a spiritually mature society, not obsessed with material growth, but with spiritual growth. Trust and love and expanding our understanding of our true nature of being. This not only can come about, but will come about. As long as I breath, I will accept nothing less than that. I give you my word as a human BEING , I will continue in every way possible, to try and teach and live this understanding. The time has come to change the lesson plan of the worlds stage. It no longer reflects the needs of the people. The beginning to doing just that lies in civilly disobeying authority on the grounds of answering to a higher authority. This will take tremendous courage and a complete understanding that this is indeed more important than living here in fear. I will respectfully disobey. I will not be bought, or enslaved, or killed. My true being is much more than this physical body. My mind shall not be stopped from expecting the very best conditions for us all! Even in death I will not abandon this mission. This I give my word to the universe. I KNOW WHO I AM! I ALSO KNOW WHO YOU ARE! All we need to do is stand up, and do what is right. We will succeed. Our children will not have to live like this. I will accept nothing else. May you all have a wonderful weekend, and make sure to love and protect each other with all your intent. May you all be well and happy. Don't be afraid of them, they are losing their power, everyday! Peace!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:38 AM 2 comments
+Labels: Bilderberg, Secret Societies, Spirituality
+Thursday, May 21, 2009
+Chasing Bilderberg
+Brand new documentary! Please watch! THIS IS CRITICAL TO UNDERSTAND WHAT IS HAPPENING TO ALL OF US!!!!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:53 AM 0 comments
+Labels: Bilderberg
+Wednesday, May 20, 2009
+You can't handle the truth!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 9:17 PM 1 comments
+U.S. economic outlook improving!
+BBC America reports " The U.S. Federal Reserve (the Privately owned bank that prints all the money it LOANS the government, with interest) says it is seeing "Tentative evidence" the U.S. recession is easing despite cutting it's economic growth forecast". What? Did I pass over to complete moron parallel universe? I admit, I am not the brightest bulb in the pack, but come on! How the hell can things be improving? If you read the second paragraph of the article, they even admit the economy will shrink more than they thought! The real news behind the improvement, is they say the rate of descent is slowing! But still falling! Nothing about where the bottom is, just falling a little slower. I feel so much better. I think I will go buy something really nice. That way I'm doing my share to help the economy as 70 per cent comes from consumer spending! We are so fucked it's not even funny! Any way here is the good news! Yay! we are all saved! HA!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 5:43 PM 1 comments
+Torture
+I never thought I would say this but, Jesse Ventura is cool. He's not only cool but he's got a lot of guts! watch this here, to see what I mean. Torture, is a nasty little secret that's been around a long time. BushCo didn't invent it, nor are they the first administration to use "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques ". I love the new terminology we have developed. Like the phrase "collateral damage". A cleansing of the lingo as if it makes the acts less heinous also! Give me a fucking break, oh I mean give me an inter coursing break! The fact is it is a reality of what we have become. Like a school yard bully, getting his joly's, pushing the weak around. Well I say, if you don't like what that suggests, it would be a good idea to speak up. Just like speaking up about the fact that, innocent women, and children, are NOT just collateral damage. They are human beings, just like us. The double speak that I see on the idiot box now a days is staggering! So you folks tell me. Is it okay to torture, and rape. Because there is a lot of physical evidence to prove that is going on also. You know the old adage, to rape and pillage. So lets just go back to the dark ages, and have another Inquisition and tell everyone the world is flat. Oh and if you think it's okay for our enemies, guess what? The elite run your government, and in their eyes we are all equal. Equal to carry their yoke of slavery! And the best way to make a slave obey? If you would be interested there is a good article here, about Channey's brand of torture. Happy hunting folks!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 5:02 PM 1 comments
+T!!!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 3:55 PM 1 comments
+Labels: Earthquakes
+Politicians I Trust, no really!
+Cut to crickets chirping!.............Just kidding. this says it all. One of the only politicians I trust, Ron Paul, see what he has to say about the Federal Reserve Bank, here. I also really like Cynthia Mckinney, but she was ran out of government! These people have integrity, and care about us! Check them out! Peace to you all! Take good care of each other. Love someone, very deeply!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 2:52 PM 1 comments
+Labels: Politicians
+Monday, May 18, 2009
+zeitgeist
+I love this! Please watch, our lives may depend upon it! Literally! My apologies for the malfunctioning z key! It will not work in upper case! Video Here!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:34 PM 3 comments
+Bits and pieces
+Bilderberg group ended with a bang! LOL! (interesting to me that Greece experienced a 4.7 magnitude earthquake yesterday). Here is the list of those attending this years meeting. take the time to Google some of these people. You can learn more about what they are trying to pull. I might add they are meeting with increasing resistance as more of us become aware of their plans to bring one world government to the sovereign nations of the world.!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 5:04 PM 4 comments
+Capitulation
+This is an ink drawing titled "Capitulation" I created this about 2 months ago. I chose the title, to make reference to the sometimes overwhelming need to surrender. Many times we feel completely overwhelmed by all that is happening. You can feel completely drained with trying to just live in today's modern society. Pressure is mounting from every angle. As the true nature of our world is being revealed it is staggering to the senses. Corruption, greed, and control, seem to take the driver's seat over love, compassion, and helping our fellow man. I am in complete overload, most of the time, as I try to establish just why it is we allow our world to be this way. The fact of the matter is to me, the vast majority of us "common folk" are hard working, sincere, kind hearted people. We believe that our morals are sound, our perceptions correct, and our feelings true. We try to play by the rules as established, in order to make a better place for us and our children. We want so desperately to believe in the power of good! We are trained to think evil is wrong and that we must overcome the evil with acts of purity, and goodness. Or sometimes we rationalize that it's okay to fight evil with evil. What capitulation is trying to say, in symbolic imagery, is this place is comprised of a duality of existence. And only to the extent that both energies are balanced is the experience either engaged in or denied. Think about it. How fully engaged in our world are we? Do we realize the extent of our give and take in this world. Capitulation represents the surrender of all thoughts, emotions, and consciousness to the pursuit of learning the exact nature of who and what we REALLY are! It is my way of saying, the most important thing to me is truth, be it good or bad, positive or negative, right or wrong. That's me sitting in the middle, in a half fetal half meditative position, contemplating truth. My dual connection through my DNA representing my inside world, to the outside world and back again. A perpetual cycle of give and receive, life and death, the alpha and the omega. The gas mask I'm wearing represents many different things. Most importantly, my imperfect thinking, my falling prey to my own illusions, my inability at times to balance the energies. My erroneous, assumption that all things poisonous come from outside of me, forgetting the outside world is a projection of our collective inside worlds. Also the need to hide my identity behind a mask, thus at times hiding my own nature from myself, or symbolically being afraid to integrate the shadow self. Despite all of the spiritual coming of age struggles, the end result is a new born self, taking shape in between the new DNA strands that emerge as a result of integration of the dualistic nature. A lively little bugger, already climbing up his own source of life in the never ending pursuit of truth! I hope you enjoyed a little behind the scenes take on my motivation for my artwork. As it's own piece, it can take on whatever meaning you need. As an experiment I am going to look it again 6 months from now, and rewrite it's symbolic meaning. If anyone would like to share what the piece means to them I would be thrilled to hear from you! May you all be blessed, loved, and protected as you live out your lives in these crazy times! Take care.
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:21 AM 4 comments
+Labels: artwork, Capitulation, philosophy
+Saturday, May 16, 2009
+Control Paradigm
+Once you start to question the reality of your life you begin to realize that we all are brainwashed to one degree or another. We have been sold a bill of goods. By our very nature we our societal animals. No one really wants to be cast out of their social group. It is a very frightening experience. To question the very societal paradigms we have all put our trust in takes a lot of intestinal fortitude. Many of us are doing just that. How far down the rabbit hole are you willing to go? Just as an experiment I ask you to suspend your beliefs for a moment. Just as an exercise I ask you to allow your thoughts to venture out into uncharted territory to consider an idea. What if EVERYTHING you have been taught was centered around making you dependent on something or someone? What if your religion was nothing more than a control paradigm to rob you of your self worth? What if your government was nothing more than a series of laws and rules designed to rid you of your freedoms and liberties? What if the very world you know and love is all just an outer illusion, and in the truest sense of the word, does not exist in reality at all. What if science, the beloved study of proven facts, was nothing more than a sham to keep you contained in the knowable, proven, accepted reality that is before your very eyes? What if you were actually participating in an agreed upon illusion, in order to teach your conscious self the true nature of your soul? What if you agree, before you are born here, to a set up set of experiences, good and bad, to lead you to a place where you realize, this is all just a game? What if you suddenly woke up one day and knew that dying is just an illusion, and you never really die you just transform? Would you be afraid anymore if you knew, this is just a temporary state that is designed to be "REAL" in order for you to "buy in" to the game? The fact of the game to me is, it doesn't really matter what the game tries to do to you. What matters is what do you do to the game. Do you perpetuate the pain and suffering on others, or do you try to alleviate the turmoil? No matter where you are in your souls development, it's okay. Very old souls can live with very young souls quite easily. There's room for us all. Chances are if you are reading this blog you are at a crossroads in life. There is no such thing as accidents. I can assure you with all my being, the control paradigm is a mass produced, mass accepted, false reality, that once recognized, will melt away like an ice cream cone in summer! Just be yourself. Stop letting, religion, government, society, mass media, think for you. You know what I'm saying is true. Deep inside that inner voice dying to Say something is stirring. Listen to it. There is so much more going on here! This is the most powerful class room our souls have ever designed! Learn the simple lessons so we can all graduate! Peace, and liberty to you all. May you all be truly blessed with love and compassion each and every day!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 5:50 PM 2 comments
+Labels: government, Religion, self awareness!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 11:38 AM 0 comments
+Labels: Federal Reserve, government
+Neetherworld
+This is my band. We are a very odd lot. We play music from our hearts and have a very unique sound and vibe. We are a three piece, with very simple music, but very raw and honest! If you have ever struggled in life you could relate to one of my favorite lines from the song Shudder. " My reflection, in your tears, is someone I don't recognize". We have 16 all original songs, and are trying to scrape up the money to go in the studio. We have made rough recordings, but they don't do us justice as we have progressed immensely since they were done. We are playing around S.E. Wisconsin, not exactly the best place for original music. We of course are poor, struggling musicians, but I'd have it no other way. We never have to worry about selling out, our intent will always be, to make honest music, on our terms, answering to no one! Check us out! I will be posting periodic updates. From the band, thanks for the interest. Peace, be well!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 9:38 AM 2 comments
+Labels: Neetherworld ethereagle band
+Friday, May 15, 2009
+Hitler youth?
+Here you go folks! Does this make anyone feel safer? This should terrify every one in the United States. If you will notice the message of who is being demonized in this article. Our veterans! Oh my God! Look you can say what you want about the bullshit wars these people are fighting in. You can make a strong case that some of these people are not exactly the kindest people in the world. (They are trained warriors!) But to target them as the bad guy is just ridicules! Let me ask you, why do you think this is happening? It's happening because your Government knows returning war vets will NOT go alone with arresting, or imprisoning, or killing American citizens. Think about that a minute. Let that sink in, before you dismiss it as bullshit. Look who is behind the training of these Boy Scouts! DEPARTMENT of HOMELAND SECURITY! WAKE UP PEOPLE! Have any of you checked out how many people are on the no fly list? Have you checked out, the governments own definition of what a possible terrorist could be? If you are a gun owner you could be trouble. If you are talking about the constitution, you could be trouble. If you are a conservative, you could be trouble! Do not take my word for it. Do some investigating for your self! One other thing, to all you police officers out there. Do you think you will be safe because you are administering the muscle behind these bankster thugs? No my friends. Check your history. They are running right down the playbook from every totalitarianistic government in the 20Th century! So I am asking the police to carefully consider, the next time you are dressed in your riot gear, facing your own brothers and sisters who have the balls to stand up to this new world order bullshit, Am I on the right side? Am I one of the good guys? Or am I stomping on the face of society so the ruling elite can continue to rape the unwilling masses? Here you can find an awesome article about our Hitler Youth! The first step to moving beyond all of this is to stand up to it, and send them scouring back into their dark little holes! May we all be blessed with freedom and liberty.......some day!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 3:03 PM 3 comments
+Thursday, May 14, 2009
+The Price of FEAR!
+As the Bilderberg group continues their meetings in Greece, I wonder to myself, what is the price of fear these days. As I drove home from a first grade choir concert tonight a black helicopter flew over us. I looked at my girlfriend and laughed. As I turned the corner I noticed an orange sticker in the upper left hand corner of a road sign, on the back of the sign. At the concert there was a strange feeling in the air. The parents seemed especially enthusiastic about their kids performances. Then in between songs they looked like zombies. Weird. Is it just me? Have years of research into the exact nature of our existence, searching constantly for the truth, left me delusional? I think not. I trust myself today, and my motivation, and most importantly, my gut. There is in our presence a force, a disease so widespread, so malignant, so constant, at every level of life. It tears at the very fabric of our being. It threatens to destroy everything we hold dear on this planet. It has infiltrated every level of society. It has committed the most despicable crimes against humanity, and yet few people know it exists. It has managed to crawl right into our very beings, and controls us from within. It has mesmerized us with promises it never intended on keeping. It paralyzes us in an inability to think. It allows us to be overrun with indifference. It robs us of our most valued possessions. It is of course, fear. However not the kind of fear you might think. Not the fear of death, although many are afraid to die. Not the fear of poverty, although many wish to retain their possessions. Not even the fear of loneliness, although many wish to be loved. No the fear I am speaking of is the fear of who and what we REALLY ARE! Guess what folks? That is the biggest fear of the most powerful, ruling elite! They are completely horrified of the idea that You, the person who thinks there is nothing you can do from stopping the machine of the global elite banksters, will wake up to the realization that not only can you stop them, but YOU, possess, right inside of you, the power to make any reality instantly exist! ANYTHING! It all starts with a very simple journey. Look in the mirror. Who are you? I can assure you. You are not the name given you at birth, or the job you perform diligently, or the religion you practice faithfully. You are much more than those things. You are a wonderful, fantastic, miracle of life, with depths inside of you that equal all of the universe! Look in the mirror. You are so much more than what you see. And remember, if your afraid of dying, your already dead. We all need to wake up to the cause of the horrible reality around us. Look in the mirror!
+Posted by EtherEagle at 10:05 PM 0 comments
+Labels: The price of fear
+Abstract.
+NUCLEAR pre-mRNA splicing, the process by which introns are removed from primary transcripts via a two-step transesterification mechanism, is performed by the spliceosome, a complex of five small nuclear RNAs (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) and more than 60 proteins (Will and Lührmann 1997; Burgeet al. 1999). On the basis of the discovery of self-splicing by group II introns (Peebleset al. 1986; Van der Veen et al. 1986) it has been proposed that the RNA components of the spliceosome are reponsible for the catalysis of pre-mRNA splicing, since a similar chemical mechanism is used in both reactions (Sharp 1985; Cech 1986). The spliceosome forms anew on each intron in an ordered manner. Initially, the 5′ splice site is recognized by the U1 snRNP (U1 RNA and associated proteins). Next, the U2 snRNP binds to the intron branchpoint. Finally, the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP is stably incorporated to form the complete spliceosome. Activation of the spliceosome for the first transesterification reaction requires structural rearrangements, including unwinding of U1/pre-mRNA and U4/U6 RNA duplexes and formation of a U2/U6/pre-mRNA structure (Nilsen 1998; Staley and Guthrie 1998). Although much is known about the RNA-RNA rearrangements that take place during formation of the catalytic spliceosome, the mechanism by which proteins control the dynamics and timing of RNA-RNA interactions during splicing is not well understood.
+We previously identified a mutation in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for U4 RNA, SNR14, that confers a cold-sensitive growth phenotype by blocking the splicing reaction after assembly of a complete spliceosome, but prior to U1/pre-mRNA and U4/U6 RNA unwinding (Li and Brow 1996; Kuhnet al. 1999). This mutation, called snr14-cs1, leads to a triple nucleotide substitution immediately adjacent to the sequences in U4 RNA that base-pair with U6 RNA. The mutant U4-cs1 RNA apparently inhibits splicing by masking the ACAGA-box, the U6 sequence element known to interact with the 5′ splice site (Sawa and Shimura 1992; Sawa and Abelson 1992; Wassarman and Steitz 1992; Kandels-Lewis and Séraphin 1993; Lesser and Guthrie 1993). This aberrant secondary structure leads to formation of an assembled spliceosome that cannot undergo activation at low temperature. The block of both U1/pre-mRNA and U4/U6 RNA unwinding in U4-cs1 splicing complexes suggests that these two events are coupled during spliceosome activation, a hypothesis supported by the fact that hyperstabilization of the U1/pre-mRNA base pairing also prevents U4/U6 unwinding (Staley and Guthrie 1999).
+Isolation of extragenic suppressors of the cold-sensitive growth defect caused by U4-cs1 identified a novel allele of PRP8, named prp8-201. PRP8 encodes an evolutionarily conserved 280-kD splicing factor that is a component of the U5 snRNP (Losskyet al. 1987; Brown and Beggs 1992). Like U5 RNA (Newman and Norman 1992; Sontheimer and Steitz 1993), Prp8 interacts with the pre-mRNA adjacent to both splice sites. Prior to the first transesterification, Prp8 can be crosslinked to 5′ exon sequences and the GU intron dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site (Wyattet al. 1992; Teigelkamp et al. 1995a,b; Reyeset al. 1996; Shaet al. 1998). Between the first and second transesterification, Prp8 contacts the 3′ splice site (Teigelkamp et al. 1995a,b; Umen and Guthrie 1995). It has been proposed that Prp8 helps in the aligning of 5′ and 3′ splice sites by loop I of U5 RNA for the second step (Newman 1997). This notion is supported by crosslinking of Prp8 to loop I of U5 RNA in the U5 snRNP (Dixet al. 1998) and by the identification of mutations in Prp8 that suppress both 3′ splice site mutations and 5′ splice site mutations that block the second transesterification (Umen and Guthrie 1995, 1996; Collins and Guthrie 1999; Siateckaet al. 1999). The prp8-201 mutation is the first mutation in PRP8 that appears to specifically affect a function prior to the first transesterification. Suppression of the U4-cs1 splicing defect by prp8-201 suggests a model in which Prp8 proofreads recognition of the 5′ splice site by the U6 ACAGA-box (Kuhnet al. 1999). For example, binding of the U6/5′ splice site helix by Prp8 may cause an allosteric change that releases repression of splicing factors that execute spliceosome activation. The prp8-201 mutation may relax control of U4/U6 unwinding by (1) directly influencing recognition of the U6/5′ splice site helix, (2) inducing the allosteric change in Prp8 conformation in the absence of U6/5′ splice site helix recognition, or (3) altering protein-protein interactions with other splicing factors, thereby uncoupling their activities from Prp8.
+In the work described here, we have carried out an extensive screen for mutations in the PRP8 gene that suppress the growth defect caused by U4-cs1 and thus define residues important for Prp8's function in governing U4/U6 unwinding. Forty-six different mutations were obtained that mapped to five discrete regions of Prp8. Interestingly, one of the regions overlaps with the part of Prp8 shown to interact with the U1 snRNP protein Prp40 (Abovich and Rosbash 1997) and shares weak sequence similarities with eIF4E, the cap-binding subunit of the translation initiation complex. Certain pairwise combinations of PRP8 mutations from the different regions exhibit either mutual suppression or enhancement, suggestive of functional intramolecular interactions, including a potential α-helical coiled-coil structure. Two-hybrid screens with the five regions of Prp8 identified an interaction with Exo84, which has recently been implicated in splicing based on protein-protein interactions with the U1 snRNP proteins Prp40 (P. G. Siliciano, personal communication) and Snp1 (S. W. Ruby, personal communication). Intriguingly, Snp1 has also been shown to interact with Prp44 (Brr2/Rss1/Slt22/Snu246; Fromont-Racineet al. 1997), the putative U4/U6 RNA helicase (Laggerbaueret al. 1998; Raghunathan and Guthrie 1998; Kim and Rossi 1999) whose human homologue is in close association with Prp8 in the U5 snRNP (Achselet al. 1998). We find that loss-of-function mutations in the genes for Prp44 or Prp24, another splicing factor implicated in U4/U6 unwinding (Shannon and Guthrie 1991; Vidaveret al. 1999), enhance the growth defect caused by U4-cs1. On the basis of these findings we propose a model in which tri-snRNP incorporation into the spliceosome is accompanied by the formation of contacts between the U5 and U1 snRNPs. Upon proper positioning of the tri-snRNP, in part evidenced by formation of a correct U6/5′ splice site helix, the interactions between the U1 and U5 snRNPs are disrupted, and Prp8 initiates spliceosome activation by orchestrating the activities of Prp44 and Prp24.
+MATERIALS AND METHODS
+Yeast strains, plasmids, and oligonucleotides: The screen for PRP8 alleles that suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 and characterization of the PRP8 alleles obtained was performed with ZRL102 (MATa snr14::TRP1 prp8Δ::ADE2 trp1 ura3 lys2 his3 ade2 [pRS317-U4-cs1] [YCp50-PRP8]), which was created from ZRL103 (Kuhnet al. 1999) by substituting the plasmid pJDY13 (GAL1-PRP8 HIS3 CEN6 ARSH4) with YCp50-PRP8 (PRP8 URA3 CEN4 ARS1). Strains ANK800 and ANK814 are isogenic to ZRL102, except that pRS317-U4-cs1 (snr14-cs1 LYS2 CEN6 ARSH4) is replaced with pRS317-U4-wt or pRS317-U4-G14C, respectively. To create the SNR14/PRP24 double disruption strain ANK240, strains LL101 (MATa prp24Δ::ADE2 his3 leu2 trp1 ura3 met2 can1 ade2 lys2 [pUN50-PRP24]; Vidaveret al. 1999) and YKS1 (MATα snr14::TRP1 trp1 ura3 lys2 his3 ade2 [YCp50-SNR14]; Shannon and Guthrie 1991) were mated. Diploids were streaked to medium containing 0.75 mg/ml 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) to select against the URA3-marked plasmids. The resulting diploid strain was transformed with YCp50-SNR14 and pRS313-PRP24 (Vidaveret al. 1999) and then sporulated. An Ade+ Trp+ spore was propagated and named ANK240. Strains ANK241 and ANK242 are isogenic to ANK240, except that pRS313-PRP24 is replaced with pRS313-prp24-R158S or pRS313-prp24-F257I, respectively. ANK021, the strain containing brr2-1 at the chromosomal locus and a chromosomal disruption of SNR14, was constructed from YSN405 (MATα brr2-1 ura3 lys2 his3 ade2 leu2; Noble and Guthrie 1996) and YKS2 (MATa snr14::TRP1 trp1 ura3 lys2 his3 ade2 [YCp50-SNR14]; Shannon and Guthrie 1991). The two strains were mated, and the diploid was then sporulated. A Trp+, cold-sensitive, and 5-FOA-sensitive spore was propagated and named ANK021. To test for genetic interactions between mutant prp38 alleles and snr14-cs1, ts192 (MATα prp38-1 trp1 ura3 leu2 his3; Blantonet al. 1992) and JXY6 (MATa prp38::LEU2 trp1 ura3 leu2 his3 ade2 [YCplac22 (TRP1 prp38-2)]; Xieet al. 1998) were mated with YKS2 and YKS1, respectively. After sporulation of each of the two diploids, resulting spores were screened for Trp+ Ura+, temperature-sensitive, and 5-FOA-sensitive phenotypes. A positive spore with snr14::TRP1 and either prp38-1 or prp38-2 was propagated and named ANK381 and ANK382, respectively. The two-hybrid screens were performed with PJ69-4A (MATa trp1 leu2 ura3 his3 gal4Δ gal80Δ LYS2::GAL1-HIS3 GAL2-ADE2 met2::GAL7-lacZ; Jameset al. 1996). All methods for manipulation of yeasts, e.g., transformation, plasmid recovery, and selection on medium containing 5-FOA, were performed according to standard procedures (Guthrie and Fink 1991).
+Plasmid pRS313-PRP8(SacII), which was used for the suppressor screen, was constructed by first subcloning the PRP8-containing XhoI/SnaBI fragment of YCp50-PRP8 (Kuhnet al. 1999) into XhoI/Ecl136II-cut pRS313 (Sikorski and Hieter 1989), resulting in pRS313-PRP8. Subsequently, a SacII restriction site was introduced at position 5096 of the PRP8-coding sequence by silent mutation using site-directed mutagenesis (Kunkelet al. 1987). Similarly, pRS313-PRP8(ΔClaI) was obtained from pRS313-PRP8 by destroying the ClaI-restriction site at position 7226 of the PRP8-coding region by silent mutation. Plasmids pRS313-PRP8(SnaBI-1) and pRS313-PRP8(SnaBI-3/4) were similarly constructed by creating a SnaBI-restriction site at position 916 or 5582 of the PRP8-coding region, respectively. In these two plasmids the introduction of the restriction site leads to mutation of Prp8 (P303R/E304K and V1862Y, respectively). The clones used for the yeast two-hybrid analysis are based on pGBDU-C(x) (Jameset al. 1996). They contain fragments of PRP8 coding for amino acids 80–777 (pY2H-a/b), 756–931 (pY2H-c), 1015–1220 (pY2H-d), and 1591–1923 (pY2H-e) fused to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain. General cloning methods were carried out as described in Sambrook et al. (1989).
+Sequences of oligonucleotides used for PCR amplification, sequencing, and mutagenesis are available upon request.
+Screen for mutations in PRP8 that suppress snr14-cs1: The screen was based on a previously described procedure (Umen and Guthrie 1996). PRP8 was PCR mutagenized in four intervals (named 1 to 4 starting from the N terminus) that encompass pairwise combinations of the unique restriction sites XhoI (717 base pairs upstream of the coding region), SalI (position 1715 of the coding region), SpeI (position 3354 of the coding region), SacII (introduced by silent mutation at position 5096 of the coding region), and SphI (position 7009 of the coding region). Primers for the PCR amplification lie about 250 bp outside of each restriction site.
+Mutagenesis was done under standard PCR conditions using only the natural error rate of Taq DNA polymerase (United States Biochemical, Cleveland). For each of the four PRP8 intervals, at least two independent PCR amplifications were performed in a total volume of 500 μl each. The products of each reaction were then cotransformed with 20 μg of appropriately gapped pRS313-PRP8(SacII) into ZRL102, and transformants were selected on medium lacking histidine. We usually obtained about 50,000 His+ colonies for each transformation, whereas <5000 colonies were obtained when the PCR product was omitted from the transformation. The His+ colonies were replica plated to medium containing 5-FOA to select against the URA3-marked plasmid with the wild-type PRP8 gene. Strains with haploviable PRP8 alleles were then tested for suppression of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 by replica plating to YEPD and incubation at 18° for 7 days. Altogether, 435 colonies were obtained, 143, 152, 63, and 77 from mutagenizing intervals 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The suppression phenotype was confirmed by streaking strains to YEPD and testing for growth at 18°.
+Mapping of the suppressor mutations: Selected regions of PRP8 containing potential suppressor mutations were PCR amplified using Tfl DNA polymerase (Epicentre Technologies, Madison, WI) and DNA was isolated from suppressor strains by the method described by Ling et al. (1995). Linkage of the suppression phenotype to the amplified region of PRP8 was analyzed essentially as described for the initial screening. Growth at 18° was tested for six transformants for each suppressor strain analyzed after selection against the wild-type PRP8 plasmid. PCR fragments that conferred viability to at least three of the six transformants when grown at 18° were sequenced to identify the suppressor mutations.
+For interval 1, 59 strains were tested for linkage of suppression to two overlapping fragments comprising the coding region for amino acids 1–355 and 254–660. Plasmid pRS313-PRP8(SnaBI-1) digested with XhoI/SnaBI or SnaBI/SalI, respectively, was used for the cotransformation. Suppression was assigned to the overlapping part if both fragments gave colonies growing at 18°, or to the region specific to one fragment if only that fragment conferred suppression. Similarly, 40 strains from interval 2 were tested for linkage to the two overlapping fragments coding for amino acids 479–913 and 762–1213. Plasmid pRS313-PRP8(SacII) digested with SalI/SacI or SacI/SpeI, respectively, was used for the cotransformation. In addition, 12 and 5 more strains from intervals 1 and 2, respectively, were tested for linkage to a fragment shared by both intervals (for technical reasons slightly extended so that it spans the coding region of amino acids 479–753) using pRS313-PRP8(SacII) linearized with SalI. For intervals 3 and 4, we tested linkage to the fragment coding for amino acids 1597–1942 for 36 and 50 strains, respectively. Plasmid pRS313-PRP8(ΔClaI) linearized with ClaI was used for the cotransformation. The 12 strains of interval 3, for which suppression could not be linked to amino acids 1597–1942, were tested for linkage to amino acids 1022–1213 together with 15 more strains from interval 3 using pRS313-PRP8(SacII) linearized with SpeI.
+Yeast two-hybrid screen: The yeast two-hybrid screen was performed using the improved yeast two-hybrid system established by James et al. (1996). The four bait plasmids pY2H-a/b, pY2H-c, pY2H-d, and pY2H-e were separately transformed into PJ69-4A. Subsequently, the four strains obtained were transformed with the libraries Y2HL-C1, Y2HL-C2, and Y2HL-C3, which have yeast genomic fragments fused to the Gal4 activation domain in all three reading frames (Jameset al. 1996). Transformation efficiency was examined by plating a portion of the transformation to −Ura/−Leu medium. The rest was plated to −His medium to select for transformants that activate the HIS3 reporter gene. After growth at 30° for 2 wk, colonies were replica plated to −Ade medium to select for transformants that also activate the more stringent ADE2 reporter gene. For all colonies growing on medium lacking adenine after 7 days, dependence of the activation of the reporter genes on the bait plasmid was verified after selection against pY2H-a/b, pY2H-c, pY2H-d, or pY2H-e on medium containing 5-FOA. The genomic fragment fused to the Gal4 activation domain was identified by PCR amplification and sequencing for strains that showed bait-dependent activation of the reporter genes. Altogether, about 3 × 106 transformants were screened for each of the four bait plasmids.
+RESULTS
+Screen for PRP8 alleles that suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1: We previously identified a mutant allele of PRP8, called prp8-201, in a genome-wide selection for spontaneous suppressors of the cold-sensitive lethality conferred by U4-cs1. On the basis of this result and our biochemical characterization of the U4-cs1 splicing defect, we proposed that Prp8 controls the timing of U4/U6 unwinding during spliceosome activation (Kuhnet al. 1999). To characterize the region(s) of Prp8 involved in this process, we performed a screen to identify additional alleles of PRP8 that allow yeast cells with U4-cs1 to grow at 18°. A gap-repair strategy was used to introduce a library of PCR-mutagenized PRP8 alleles into the recipient strain, ZRL102. This somal deletion of PRP8, and wild-type PRP8 on a counterselectable URA3-marked plasmid.
+As the coding region of PRP8 spans more than 7 kb, four separate screens were done using overlapping 2-kb PCR products and a PRP8 plasmid gapped at unique restriction sites (see materials and methods for details). Division of PRP8 into four intervals reduces the risk of generating null alleles due to multiple mutations and facilitates the identification of the suppressor mutations (Umen and Guthrie 1996). For each interval, ~100,000 transformants were screened, which originated from at least two independent PCR reactions/transformations. When replica plated to medium with 5-FOA to select against the wild-type PRP8 gene on the URA3-marked plasmid, ~90% of the transformants survived, showing that most of the introduced PRP8 alleles are functional. The haploviable PRP8 alleles were then tested for suppression of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1. Altogether, 435 colonies that grew at 18° were collected, corresponding to about 0.1% of the haploviable transformants. The number of cold-resistant strains obtained from each of the four intervals used in the screen ranged from 63 to 152. Five strains did not grow when retested at 18° and thus were discarded.
+To confirm that suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity is due to mutation of PRP8, we rescued the plasmid carrying the PRP8 gene from 48 strains. When transformed into the starting strain, 46 plasmids conferred suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity, indicating that indeed most of the strains have suppressor mutations in PRP8. For 17 of the 48 strains, we also tested for suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity in the presence of wild-type Prp8. All of the PRP8 alleles tested confer growth at 18° in the presence of wild-type Prp8, suggesting that most of the isolated PRP8 alleles exhibit dominant suppression.
+Suppressor mutations of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity localize to five discrete regions of PRP8: The suppressor mutations were fine mapped prior to sequencing. This was done by a second gap-repair step (see materials and methods for details). Briefly, selected regions of PRP8 DNA from the suppressor strains were PCR amplified using a high-fidelity DNA polymerase to preserve the original mutation(s). The PCR products were then cotransformed into the starting strain with an appropriately gapped or linearized vector and the resulting PRP8 alleles tested for suppression of the cold sensitivity conferred by U4-cs1, as described above.
+Altogether, we analyzed 217 of the cold-resistant strains, and for most of these the location of the suppressor mutation(s) could be narrowed down to a small fragment of PRP8 (Table 1). Sequencing of the fragments sufficient for suppression from 152 plasmids revealed that 99 of these contain a mutation that changes only a single amino acid in the fragment. However, as most of the changes were identified multiple times, this corresponds to only 44 different single-site substitutions (Figure 1). Two more alleles have two mutations that affect two closely spaced amino acids encoded by the fragment sufficient for suppression (M1095T·I1104M and N1099K·R1105L; Figure 1); in neither case do we know whether just one or both substitutions are required for suppression. An additional 46 alleles contain two or more mutations, at least one of which was isolated as a single mutation sufficient for suppression. Interestingly, 6 of these 46 alleles contain two mutations that were each shown to be sufficient for suppression on their own (E624G·D651G obtained three times, E624G·D651N, L1624M·L1634F, and L1624F·I1875T). We have not determined if the suppressive effects of these mutations are additive. The remaining 5 alleles with multiple mutations give rise to at least one substitution closely adjacent to or in the same amino acid as a change known to confer suppression on its own (F367L, F1092I, P1191Q, D1192G, and T1872I).
+All of the single-site mutations and the two double mutations sufficient for suppression can be grouped into five regions of PRP8 that collectively span a large part of the gene (Figure 1). These regions encode amino acids 236–362 (Region a), 611–684 (Region b), 788–861 (Region c), 1094–1197 (Region d), and 1624–1875 (Region e). Region e includes the T1861P substitution originally identified as prp8-201 (Kuhnet al. 1999). One of the newly found alleles also has the T1861P change. Another suppressor substitution in Region e, V1862Y, resulted from a mutation introduced to create a restriction site.
+Strikingly, almost half of the identified suppressor mutations were isolated in two or more independent screens, suggesting that these screens identified most, if not all, of the regions of PRP8 involved in suppression of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1. This conclusion is also supported by the identification of several different suppressor mutations affecting the same amino acid, as for example the proline at position 1191, where changes to leucine, serine, or threonine confer suppression (Figure 1B). Furthermore, for >75% of the 217 alleles that were fine mapped, the mutation(s) responsible for suppression could be linked to one of the Regions a–e (see above). As the remaining 25% include strains that fortuitously acquired a genomic suppressor mutation outside of PRP8 (see above and data not shown), the overall linkage of PRP8 mutations to the five regions is even higher than 75%. Therefore we conclude that the five discrete regions identified in our screen represent the main parts of Prp8 involved in suppression of the growth defect conferred by U4-cs1 and, thus, in governing U4/U6 unwinding.
+General features of PRP8 suppressor mutations: In contrast to the previously identified prp8-201 mutation, most of the newly isolated PRP8 suppressor mutations do not confer a temperature-sensitive growth defect. Thus temperature sensitivity is not a necessary consequence of suppression of the U4-cs1 growth defect. In addition to T1861P, only the adjacent change V1860D gives very slow growth at 37°. Suppressor strains with a different substitution at position 1860 (V1860N) or with the same change at position 1862 (V1862D) do not exhibit any observable temperature-sensitive phenotype. A strain with prp8-H659P grows slower than wild-type cells at all temperatures (see Figure 2).
+Linkage of suppression of U4-cs1 cold sensitivity to fragments of mutagenized PRP8
+Detailed inspection of the site and kind of mutations yielded some interesting observations. First, most of the single-site suppressor mutations affect residues that are conserved in at least 8 of the 9 known Prp8 orthologues (27 of 44; Figure 1B). For 6 of the mutations affecting less conserved amino acids, the change between orthologues is generally conservative, whereas the suppressor mutation introduces a nonconservative change (e.g., D1192Y, where the corresponding position in Trichomonas vaginalis is an asparagine and in Trypanosoma brucei is a glutamine). The same trend can also be seen for the alleles with double or multiple mutations (Figure 1B and data not shown). Second, almost half (21 of 44) of the mutations lead to a change of charge. Third, there are 3 mutations that introduce an amino acid that is present at that position in a Prp8 orthologue from another organism (L261P, K611R, and P1191S; Figure 1B and data not shown). One more mutation introduces an arginine, where T. brucei has a lysine at the corresponding position (W856R; Figure 1B). However, as no information about the functionality of Prp8 orthologues from other organisms in S. cerevisiae is available, the significance of this observation remains unclear.
+Relation of suppressor Regions a–e to previously identified functions of Prp8: The largest group of suppressor mutations falls into Region e, with 16 different single-site substitutions identified. Fourteen of these cluster in two smaller subregions of 64 and 25 amino acids at the boundaries of the region (Figure 1). Interestingly, Region e overlaps mutations in PRP8 that suppress mutations in the 5′ and 3′ splice sites or that alter selection of splice sites with a mutated pyrimidine-rich tract (Umen and Guthrie 1995, 1996; Collins and Guthrie 1999; Siateckaet al. 1999). These regions span amino acids 1399–1982 and amino acids 1834–1960, respectively (see also Figure 5A). However, each of seven different PRP8 alleles isolated by Umen and Guthrie (1996) or Collins and Guthrie (1999) failed to suppress the cold sensitivity of U4-cs1 (data not shown). Similarly, all but one of six PRP8 suppressor alleles of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 tested for suppression of splice site mutations failed to do so (C. A. Collins and C. Guthrie, personal communication). Only the prp8-201 (T1861P) allele confers suppression of 5′ and 3′ splice site mutations. The basis of the cross-suppression phenotype of this mutation remains to be determined. The C-terminal border of Region e is also close to the portion of Prp8 that crosslinks to the 5′ splice site, which has been mapped to amino acids 1894–1898 in human Prp8 (Reyeset al. 1999). This corresponds to amino acids 1966–1970 in S. cerevisiae Prp8 (see also Figure 5A).
+No information about mutations, RNA-protein interactions, or protein-protein interactions involving Regions b, c, or d of Prp8 has been reported. Region a overlaps with amino acids 1–349, the part of Prp8 that has previously been shown to interact with the U1 snRNP protein Prp40 in a yeast two-hybrid assay (Abovich and Rosbash 1997). However, it was proposed that this interaction is mediated by a proline-rich region at the very N terminus of Prp8, a part not included in Region a. Nevertheless, the close proximity of Region a with the part of Prp8 that binds to Prp40 suggests that there might be a functional relationship between suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity by Prp8 and physical contacts to the U1 snRNP.
+The PRP8 suppressor mutations of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 fall into five discrete, highly conserved regions of Prp8. (A) Shown is a schematic of the primary structure of Prp8 with the locations of each of the suppressor mutations indicated by a thin vertical line. Regions of suppressor mutations are labeled a–e. The horizontal lines above the protein represent the fragments of Prp8 used in our two-hybrid analysis. (B) Alignment of Regions a–e of S. cerevisiae Prp8 (S.c.) with Prp8 orthologues from Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S.p.), Homo sapiens (H.s.), Oryza sativa (O.s.), and T. brucei (T.b.). The consensus (cons.) lists residues that are identical in at least eight of nine known Prp8 orthologues. (For simplicity, the sequences of Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana Prp8, which are nearly identical in the five regions to H.s. and O.s., respectively, are not shown. Plasmodium falciparum and T. vaginalis Prp8s, which are less divergent than T.b., are also omitted from the alignment.) Numbers above the most N- and C-terminal amino acids give the position of each cluster in the S.c. Prp8 protein. Shown in bold are amino acids mutated in PRP8 alleles that suppress the U4-cs1 growth defect. The changes are listed above the alignment with arrows pointing to the mutant amino acid. The two double mutations mentioned in the text are labeled with * and +, respectively.
+The growth defect of prp8-H659P, a mutation in Region b, is suppressed by a second suppressor of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity, L1634F from the N-terminal cluster of Region e, without affecting suppression of snr14-cs1. Yeast strains containing either wild-type U4 or U4-cs1 RNA and PRP8 on a URA3-marked plasmid were transformed with different single- and double-mutant prp8 alleles. Tenfold dilutions were plated to medium containing 5-FOA, and growth of the strains was tested at 18° for 7 days (top), at 30° for 3 days (middle), and at 37° for 2 days (bottom).
+Genetic interactions between mutations in Regions a–e: Localization of the PRP8 suppressor mutations of the growth defect conferred by U4-cs1 in five distinct regions of PRP8 indicated that more than one part of Prp8 is involved in governing U4/U6 unwinding. To get a better understanding of the relationship of Regions a–e to each other, we combined mutations from different regions to create double-mutant alleles. Each double mutant was tested for viability, conditional growth defects, and suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity. The mutations chosen for this analysis were L280P and E362Δ from Region a, E624G·D651G (an allele with 2 mutations, each sufficient for suppression) and H659P from Region b, E788G from Region c, D1094A and V1098D from Region d, and 4 mutations from Region e: L1634F and P1688L from the N-terminal cluster and V1860D and T1861P/prp8-201 from the C-terminal cluster. These 11 mutations include all 3 that confer a temperature-sensitive or slow growth defect.
+When analyzed for haploviability, all of the combinations tested display growth at 30° (data not shown). Interestingly, the slow growth phenotype caused by H659P, a mutation in region b, is actually suppressed by L1634F, a mutation in the N-terminal cluster of Region e. This is true not only at 30°, but also at 18° and 37° (Figure 2). However, the double mutation is still able to suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 (Figure 2). Suppression of the H659P growth defect at higher temperatures seems to be specific for mutation L1634F, as neither the nearby P1688L mutation nor any other mutation tested shows suppression of the growth defect at 30° or 37° (Figure 2 and data not shown). However, a more complex pattern can be observed at 18°. First, a strain with Prp8-H659P grows better in the presence of U4-cs1 RNA compared to wild-type U4 RNA (Figure 2), indicating that not only does prp8-H659P suppress the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity, but U4-cs1 also suppresses the slow growth defect of prp8-H659P at 18°. Second, P1688L is able to partially suppress the slow growth defect conferred by H659P at 18°, although not as well as L1634F (Figure 2). Third, a strain with Prp8-H659P/P1688L grows slower at 18° with U4-cs1 RNA than with wild-type U4 RNA (Figure 2), which could be due to either a synthetic enhancement of prp8-H659P/P1688L by snr14-cs1 or weaker suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity by prp8-H659P/P1688L than by each single-site mutation alone. This indicates a highly specific interaction between H659P and L1634F, which could be explained by close proximity of the two amino acids in an intramolecular structure (see discussion).
+Another set of genetic interactions is observed when either a Region c mutation (E788G) or a Region d mutation (either D1094A or V1098D) is combined with either V1860D or T1861P from the C-terminal cluster of Region e. Cells with these double-mutant alleles and U4-cs1 RNA do not grow at 18°, indicating reversion of suppression, since cells with these PRP8 alleles are viable at 18° in the presence of wild-type U4 RNA (Figure 3 and data not shown). Furthermore, the temperature-sensitive growth defect caused by V1860D or T1861P is clearly enhanced by the presence of the Region b mutation E788G (Figure 3A and data not shown). In contrast, the Region d mutations D1094A or V1098D exhibit only a modest enhancement of the 37° growth defect caused by V1860D or T1861P (Figure 3B and data not shown). U4-cs1 also modestly enhances the 37° growth defect caused by V1860D and T1861P (Figure 3 and data not shown). The genetic interactions of E788G from Region c and D1094A and V1098D from Region d with the two mutations from the C-terminal cluster of Region e are specific. The two mutations analyzed from the N-terminal cluster of Region e (L1634F or P1688L) show no observable temperature-sensitive growth defect in combination with E788G, D1094A, or V1098D, nor do these double mutations reverse suppression of the growth defect caused by U4-cs1 (Figure 3 and data not shown).
+Suppressor mutations from PRP8 Regions c (E788G) and d (D1094A or V1098D) interact genetically with mutations V1860D and T1861P from the C-terminal cluster of Region e. (A) E788G specifically enhances the temperature sensitivity of mutations from the C-terminal cluster of Region e and reverses suppression by these mutations of the growth defect caused by U4-cs1. Tenfold dilutions of yeast strains containing either wild-type U4 or U4-cs1 RNA and the PRP8 allele depicted were plated to YEPD medium, and growth of the strains was tested at 18° for 7 days (left) and at 37° for 2 days (right). For simplicity, only the combinations of E788G with T1861P are shown. Furthermore, only L1634F from the N-terminal cluster of Region e is shown as control. The results with P1688L and V1860D are identical to these with L1634F and T1861P, respectively. Note that the temperature sensitivity of T1861P/prp8-201 is less pronounced when this allele is present on a plasmid. (B) Mutations D1094A or V1098D from Region d reverse suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity by V1860D or T1861P, without influencing the growth defect resulting from these mutations at 37°. Cells were plated and incubated as in A. Only the results for combinations using one of the mutations from Region d and the N- and C-terminal clusters of Region e are shown for simplicity. The effect observed is similar for the combinations not shown.
+For all other combinations of mutations that were tested, no effect on growth or suppression of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity was observed. All of the intragenic interactions that were observed are specific for either one allele, or two alleles with adjacent mutations. The specificity of the interactions is further supported by the fact that a combination of E788G from Region c with either D1094A or V1098D from Region d has no effect on growth at 37° or on the suppression of the U4-cs1 growth defect (Figure 3B and data not shown), although each single mutation in combination with either V1860D or T1861P from the N-terminal cluster of Region e reverses suppression of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1. Thus the genetic interactions observed do not appear to be due simply to additive effects of mutations.
+Two-hybrid screens with the five suppressor regions of Prp8: The proposed model of Prp8 as a central factor controlling different activities during spliceosome activation presumes that Prp8 interacts with the proteins performing these functions, either directly or via bridging factors. To identify candidate proteins that may interact with Regions a–e, we carried out extensive yeast two-hybrid screens with all five regions. For technical reasons, Regions a and b were combined into one bait clone. All other regions were analyzed individually (Figure 1A). Several million transformants were analyzed for each bait clone, giving an expected sampling of >95% of the yeast genome. The screen was performed in a fairly stringent manner to avoid a high background of nonspecific interactions (see materials and methods). Altogether, 18 genes coding for potentially interacting proteins were identified, but only genes isolated more than once and therefore most likely to be authentic positive clones are reported (Table 2).
+One or two genes were obtained multiple times with each bait used. Of the six genes, only one, EXO84, has previously been implicated in splicing. Exo84 is an essential protein of 84 kD that was identified in yeast two-hybrid screens with the U1 snRNP proteins Prp40 (P. G. Siliciano, personal communication) and Snp1 (S. W. Ruby, personal communication). As mentioned above, Prp40 also interacts with Prp8 (Abovich and Rosbash 1997). Furthermore, Snp1 has been shown to interact in the yeast two-hybrid assay with Prp44 (Brr2/Rss1/Slt22/Snu246; Fromont-Racineet al. 1997), whose human homologue is closely associated with Prp8 in the U5 snRNP (Achselet al. 1998). Altogether, this network of interactions indicates the existence of multiple direct and indirect contacts between the U5 and U1 snRNPs. However, Exo84 has also been identified as a component of the exocyst complex, which mediates exocytosis (Guoet al. 1999). In this study it was shown that Exo84 is primarily localized in the cytoplasm. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that a smaller fraction of the protein localizes to the nucleus and functions in splicing.
+Surprisingly, our yeast two-hybrid screen did not identify contacts between Regions a–e of Prp8 and any canonical splicing factors. A plausible explanation for this could be that more than a small region of Prp8, as used in our yeast two-hybrid screens, is necessary for a strong interaction of Prp8 with other splicing factors. The possible physiological relevance of the interactions that were observed is considered in the discussion.
+Proteins isolated more than once in yeast two-hybrid screens with Prp8 fragments
+The U4-cs1 cold-sensitive growth defect is enhanced by mutations in PRP44 and PRP24: In addition to Prp8, several other splicing factors have previously been implicated in U4 RNA release during spliceosome activation. These include Prp44, a putative RNA helicase also known as Brr2, Rss1, Slt22, and Snu246, which is proposed to unwind U4/U6 during spliceosome activation (Laggerbaueret al. 1998; Raghunathan and Guthrie 1998; Kim and Rossi 1999; Kuhnet al. 1999), Prp38, a tri-snRNP protein, whose depletion or inactivation leads to accumulation of arrested spliceosomes in which U4 RNA is still paired with U6 RNA (Xieet al. 1998), and Prp24, an RNA-binding protein that has recently been implicated in the structural rearrangements of U6 RNA during spliceosome activation (Vidaveret al. 1999). To test if one or more of these three splicing factors act together with Prp8 in regulating and/or executing spliceosome activation, genetic interactions of mutant alleles of the genes for these proteins with snr14-cs1 were analyzed.
+No genetic interactions could be observed when two different mutations in PRP38 that both inhibit spliceosome activation, prp38-1 or prp38-2 (Xieet al. 1998), were combined with snr14-cs1 (data not shown). Presence of U4-cs1 did not suppress the temperature sensitivity of prp38-1 or prp38-2, nor did one of the mutations in Prp38 suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1, as cells with U4-cs1 and a mutant Prp38 protein were both cold and temperature sensitive (data not shown). Furthermore, cells with snr14-cs1 and prp38-1 or prp38-2 grow well at 30°, the permissive temperatures for all mutations (data not shown), indicating that these mutations do not enhance each other. In contrast, combination of snr14-cs1 with brr2-1, a cold-sensitive mutation that decreases the unwinding activity of Prp44 (Raghunathan and Guthrie 1998), proved to be lethal at all temperatures, although each single mutation is able to grow well at temperatures of 27° and higher (Figure 4A and data not shown). The synthetic enhancement of the U4-cs1 growth defect by brr2-1 is in good agreement with our hypothesis that PRP8 suppressor mutations of the growth defect conferred by U4-cs1 relax negative control of U4/U6 unwinding, because this predicts that a mutation that decreases U4/U6 unwinding activity would aggravate the phenotype caused by U4-cs1.
+Similarly, mutations in PRP24 that have been proposed to weaken RNA binding, PRP24-R158S and PRP24-F257I (Vidaveret al. 1999), synthetically enhance the growth defect of snr14-cs1 at 27°, a temperature at which strains with each individual mutation grow comparably to a wild-type strain (Figure 4B). Consistent with results from an earlier study (Shannon and Guthrie 1991), mutations in PRP24 suppress the severe cold sensitivity caused by U4-G14C, a mutant U4 RNA that destabilizes the U4/U6 interaction (Figure 4B). The mutations in PRP24 therefore have effects on mutant U4 RNAs exactly opposite to the effects of the prp8-201 mutation (Kuhnet al. 1999), supporting our model that wild-type Prp8 negatively regulates U4/U6 unwinding (Figure 4C). The synthetic lethality of snr14-cs1 with the loss-of-function mutations in PRP44 and PRP24 clearly substantiates the active role of Prp44 and Prp24 in U4/U6 unwinding (Figure 4C). In addition, the genetic interactions of U4-cs1 with a putative RNA helicase, Prp44, and an RNA-binding protein, Prp24, further support Prp8's function in controlling RNA-RNA rearrangements during spliceosome activation.
+U4-cs1 effects are synthetically enhanced by loss-of-function mutations in PRP44 (BRR2/RSS1/SLT22/SNU246) or PRP24. (A) snr14-cs1 is synthetically lethal with brr2-1. Plasmids with the genes coding for wild-type U4 RNA or U4-cs1 RNA were introduced into a strain (ANK021) with brr2-1, a chromosomal disruption of the gene for U4 RNA, and a copy of the gene for wild-type U4 RNA on a counterselectable URA3-marked plasmid. Shown are the resulting strains grown on medium containing 5-FOA at 30° for 3 days. (B) prp24-R158S and prp24-F257I each synthetically enhance snr14-cs1 and suppress snr14-G14C. Strains with chromosomal disruptions of PRP24 and the U4 RNA gene, the PRP24 alleles indicated, and a copy of the gene for wild-type U4 RNA on a counterselectable URA3-marked plasmid were transformed with a plasmid encoding wild-type U4 RNA, U4-cs1, or U4-G14C. Shown are the resulting strains grown on medium containing 5-FOA at 27° for 4 days. (C) Schematic of the U4/U6 unwinding reaction. Shown are Prp44 and Prp24, the two factors proposed to help U4/U6 unwinding, and Prp8, which is thought to repress U4/U6 unwinding until the spliceosome is competent for activation. The two mutant U4 RNAs are also depicted as either favoring (U4-G14C) or repressing (U4-cs1) U4/U6 unwinding.
+DISCUSSION
+Suppressor mutations of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity define candidate functional domains of Prp8: We have identified five regions of PRP8 in which mutations suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1. Results from the biochemical analysis of U4-cs1-arrested spliceosomes indicate that these five regions of Prp8 are involved in the control of U4/U6 unwinding (Kuhnet al. 1999). The identification of novel functional domains in Prp8 is highly significant, because, despite its high evolutionary conservation, the 2413-residue protein contains no recognizable motifs (Hodgeset al. 1995; Lückeet al. 1997; Luoet al. 1999). The collection of 46 different alleles described in this study more than doubles the number of alleles reported in all previous studies on PRP8. The extent of our screen allows us to define functional domains with high resolution.
+The mutations we have identified affect a function of Prp8 distinct from the previously defined role in the second catalytic step (Umen and Guthrie 1996; Collins and Guthrie 1999; Siateckaet al. 1999; Ben-Yehudaet al. 2000). The Prp8 suppressor Regions a–d do not overlap with regions of Prp8 implicated in the second step. The most C-terminal Region of suppressor mutations, Region e, is encompassed by the region that contains most of the mutations that suppress 5′ and 3′ splice site mutations (Umen and Guthrie 1996; Collins and Guthrie 1999; Siateckaet al. 1999; Figure 5A). However, only one of the alleles tested, prp8-201/T1861P, confers suppression of both the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity and splice site mutations. The PRP8 suppressor mutations clearly influence the splicing reaction prior to the first transesterification, as U4-cs1 causes a block to the activation of the spliceosome (Kuhnet al. 1999). In contrast, the PRP8 alleles that suppress both 5′ and 3′ splice site mutations do so by enhancing the efficiency of the second transesterification (Umen and Guthrie 1996; Collins and Guthrie 1999; Siateckaet al. 1999). The participation of the splice site suppressor mutations in PRP8 in the second transesterification is further supported by their genetic interaction with PRP17, the gene for a second step splicing factor (Ben-Yehudaet al. 2000). The most compelling explanation for these results is that two distinct functions of Prp8, regulation of U4/U6 unwinding and splice site recognition, utilize residues that partially overlap in the primary structure of the protein, but are fulfilled at different points during the splicing reaction. Cross-suppression by prp8-201/T1861P might then be explained by a severe distortion of the local Prp8 structure that fortuitously influences both processes and confers temperature sensitivity. The adjacent temperature-sensitive PRP8 suppressor mutation (changing the valine at position 1860 to aspartate) has not been tested for suppression of splice site mutations. However, the adjacent substitution V1862D, which does not confer temperature sensitivity, and prp8-H659P, the allele that causes a growth defect at all temperatures, do not suppress splice site mutations (C. A. Collins and C. Guthrie, personal communication).
+It seems likely that the PRP8 suppressor mutations that we have isolated are loss-of-function mutations. This conclusion is supported both by the large number of different alleles obtained and by the identification of structurally different substitutions in the same amino acid residue. Nevertheless, all PRP8 alleles that were tested as heterozygous diploids did confer semidominant or dominant suppression of the U4-cs1 growth defect, indicating that the mutant proteins are able to efficiently compete with wild-type Prp8 for incorporation into the U5 snRNP and into the spliceosome. Therefore each mutation seems to affect only a very specific function of Prp8 important for spliceosome activation.
+(A) Overview of intra- and intermolecular interactions of Prp8. Shown is a schematic of the primary structure of Prp8 with the locations of the five regions involved in suppression of the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 (solid boxes labeled a–e), the locations of the mutations involved in selection or suppression of mutant 5′ and 3′ splice sites (solid lines below Prp8), the locations of Prp8 mutations that interact genetically (connected by dashed lines above the protein), and the position of the crosslink to the 5′ splice site (zigzag line). The yeast two-hybrid interactions between Prp8, Exo84, and the U1 snRNP proteins Prp40 and Snp1 are depicted by double arrows. See text for references. (B) Region a may have a nucleic acid-binding function. Shown is the alignment of amino acids 166–401 of Prp8, which include Region a, with S. cerevisiae eIF4E, a subunit of translation initiation factor eIF4F, which binds the cap structure of mRNAs. Residues that are identical or conserved between Prp8 and eIF4E are shown on solid or shaded backgrounds, respectively. Tryptophan residues that are important for cap binding by eIF4E are labeled with asterisks. Surface residues of eIF4E important for protein-protein interactions with eIF4G are underlined. The PRP8 mutations that suppress the growth defect caused by U4-cs1 in Region a are shown above the sequence.
+Region a possesses features suited for nucleic acid binding: Computational analysis of the full Prp8 sequence has provided no clear hints regarding domain(s) or function(s) of the protein. We reasoned that weak sequence similarities might be revealed by comparing specific segments of Prp8 with protein databases. Indeed, multiple weak similarities between Region a and a number of proteins whose functions involve binding to nucleic acids or nucleotides were found using FASTA and BLAST search algorithms (Pearson and Lipman 1988; Altschulet al. 1997). These include the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, a tRNA synthetase, a reverse transcriptase, the RNA recognition motif (RRM)-containing sex-lethal protein from Drosophila, and eIF4E, a subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4F, which binds at the cap structure of mRNAs to promote translation.
+The strongest match is with eIF4E (Figure 5B), which contains six conserved tryptophan residues that are essential for cap binding (Altmannet al. 1988; Romet al. 1998; labeled with asterisks in Figure 5B). Intriguingly, five of these six residues are either tryptophan or tyrosine in Prp8. Altogether, the part of eIF4E surrounding the conserved tryptophans is ~32% identical and >57% similar to Prp8 Region a, although several gaps must be introduced to achieve this alignment. About 65% of the amino acids identical or similar between S. cerevisiae Prp8 and eIF4E are identical or conserved between at least eight of the nine Prp8 orthologues known, including the five conserved tryptophan residues essential for RNA binding by eIF4E (see Figure 1). Thus, Region a of Prp8 may have a nucleic acid-binding function.
+The region of eIF4E similar to Prp8 also contains several surface residues that have been shown to be important for protein-protein interactions with eIF4G (amino acids 58–63 and 71–75, underlined in Figure 5B; Matsuoet al. 1997; Ptushkinaet al. 1998). These residues are in one of the least conserved parts of the eIF4E/Prp8 alignment, suggesting that the corresponding residues in Prp8 might be important for interaction with a different protein. Interestingly, when compared to the corresponding residues in the known structure of eIF4E bound to the cap nucleotide (Matsuoet al. 1997), the PRP8 suppressor mutations in this region appear most likely to influence either the specificity of RNA binding (L280P and E362Δ) or the interaction with other proteins (R236G and L261P).
+The similarity to the cap-binding protein eIF4E might suggest that Prp8 binds to the cap of the pre-mRNA or of one of the spliceosomal RNAs. The pre-mRNA cap is bound by the cap-binding complex (Cbp20/Cbp80) during spliceosome assembly (Colotet al. 1996; Lewiset al. 1996), so the latter seems more likely. The proximity of Region a to the Prp40-binding region suggests U1 RNA as a target. However, the weak similarity to known RNA-binding proteins can also be explained if this part of Prp8 is important for recognition of an intermediate RNA structure, for example, the U6 RNA/5′ splice site interaction. The reported crosslink of the 5′ splice site to the part of human Prp8 that corresponds to amino acids 1966–1970 in S. cerevisiae Prp8 (Reyeset al. 1999; see also Figure 5A) would require that these residues are juxtaposed with Region a in the folded protein to form an RNA-recognition domain. The influence of the suppressor mutations in Region a on RNA recognition or protein-protein interaction by Prp8 might allow spliceosome activation to occur even in the presence of an impaired U6 RNA/5′ splice site interaction.
+Intramolecular interactions in Prp8: The synthetic intragenic interactions that we identified for specific combinations of PRP8 suppressor mutations provide the first insight into intramolecular interactions in Prp8. Suppression of the slow growth phenotype of the H659P mutation from Region b by the L1634F mutation from the N-terminal cluster of Region e is especially interesting, because the sequences surrounding these two substitutions contain a pattern of leucine and isoleucine residues suggestive of a leucine-zipper motif (Landschulzet al. 1988). Furthermore, the computational method developed by Frishman and Argos (1997) predicts that these two subregions form α-helical secondary structures. Modeling of these two subregions as α-helices showed that in both cases the hydrophobic amino acids cluster on one face of the helix (Figure 6). Intriguingly, when the two helices are arranged in an antiparallel coiled-coil conformation with the two hydrophobic faces apposed, amino acids H659 and L1634 are in close proximity (labeled with asterisks in Figure 6).
+Amino acids 643–669 from Region b and amino acids 1626–1651 from Region e form a potential coiled-coil structure. Portions of Region b (left) and Region e (right) are modeled on α-helical structures and arranged in an antiparallel coiled-coil. The two amino acids that show genetic interaction with each other, H659 and L1634, are labeled with asterisks. All residues in which suppressor mutations of the U4-cs1 cold sensitivity were identified are shown with a solid background.
+In total, four of the suppressor mutations from Region b and two from the N-terminal cluster from Region e, shown as solid globes in Figure 6, co-localize in the α-helical structures. Three of these, H659, L1634, and L1641, lie in or near the interface and thus most likely influence the interaction of the two helices. Introduction of a proline residue into an α-helical structure, as in H659P, is thought to cause a local helix distortion, which might be the basis for the slow growth phenotype caused by this mutation. The substitution of leucine at position 1634 by phenylalanine might enable new molecular contacts that stabilize the coiled-coil structure, thereby restoring normal growth, while still changing the overall structure so that suppression of the growth defect conferred by U4-cs1 occurs. In contrast, the three substitutions on the external face of the coiled-coil structure (N643S, V644A, and D651G/N) more likely influence interactions with other parts of Prp8 or with other proteins. Formation of the coiled-coil structure or changes in its overall structure might be important to trigger a signal for spliceosome activation, which is possibly mimicked by the PRP8 suppressor mutations, either by influencing the structure or stability of the coiled-coil structure, or by changing molecular contacts of the helices with other proteins. Therefore we propose that the structure diagrammed in Figure 6 is part of an intramolecular interaction between Region b and the N-terminal part of Region e and that alterations in this structure or in its contacts to other proteins facilitate spliceosome activation in the presence of U4-cs1.
+Interactions between Prp8 and U1 snRNP components: The fact that Prp8 region a defined by our suppressor screen overlaps with the part of Prp8 found to interact with the U1 snRNP protein Prp40 (Abovich and Rosbash 1997) and the finding that Region c interacts with Exo84, which was also identified in yeast two-hybrid screens with the U1 snRNP proteins Prp40 (P. G. Siliciano, personal communication) and Snp1 (S. W. Ruby, personal communication), suggest that contacts between Prp8 and the U1 snRNP influence spliceosome activation (Figure 5A). The putative U4/U6 helicase Prp44 (Brr2/Rss1/Slt22/Snu246), a component of the U5 snRNP in close association with Prp8 (Achselet al. 1998), was also shown to interact with Snp1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay (Fromont-Racineet al. 1997). Additionally, a crosslinking interaction between U1 and U5 has been reported during an early step of the splicing reaction (Ast and Weiner 1997), further indicating that contacts between components of the U1 and U5 snRNPs are established during tri-snRNP incorporation into the spliceosome. This model is also consistent with a native gel analysis of U1 snRNP-containing splicing complexes during spliceosome assembly, in which a complex that contains all five spliceosomal RNAs could be detected (Ruby 1997). The contacts between components of the U1 and U5 snRNPs need to be disrupted for the U1 snRNP to leave the spliceosome during activation for catalysis. Work by Staley and Guthrie (1999) and our own biochemical analysis of the U4-cs1 splicing defect (Kuhnet al. 1999) indicates that U4/U6 unwinding is coupled to disruption of the U1/5′ splice site interaction. Together these observations suggest a model in which the contacts between components of the U1 and U5 snRNPs help to guide the tri-snRNP into the spliceosome. After correct positioning, the tri-snRNP is anchored by other molecular interactions, including base pairing of U6 RNA with the 5′ splice site (Sawa and Shimura 1992; Sawa and Abelson 1992; Wassarman and Steitz 1992; Kandels-Lewis and Séraphin 1993; Lesser and Guthrie 1993), and the contacts between the tri-snRNP and U1 snRNP are loosened so that the U1 snRNP can leave the spliceosome. Disruption of interactions between U1 and U5 snRNPs could be a prerequisite for spliceosome activation, and the PRP8 mutations in Regions a and c that suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 might work by weakening interactions of Prp8 with the U1 snRNP, thereby allowing spliceosome activation to proceed in the presence of U4-cs1.
+Proteins that interact with Prp8 in the yeast two-hybrid assay: Besides Exo84, our yeast two-hybrid screens with the PRP8 suppressor regions identified five other proteins more than once: Ygr102w, Djp1, Bmh1/2, Gpm1, and Upc2. While further experiments are needed to analyze the physiological significance of these two-hybrid interactions, the identification of Djp1 and Bmh1/2 is interesting. Djp1, isolated using Region c, is a nonessential DnaJ-like protein (Hettemaet al. 1998). DnaJ-like proteins are accessory factors for the Hsp70 family of chaperones and are believed to mediate substrate specificity (Cyret al. 1994). Three other DnaJ-like proteins have previously been identified in yeast two-hybrid screens with different splicing factors from the U1 and U2 snRNPs (Fromont-Racineet al. 1997). Recent work from Bracken and Bond (1999) has shown that U snRNPs are the primary target for Hsp70 chaperones that confer “splicing thermotolerance,” by which splicing can be protected from thermal inactivation if cells are first subjected to a mild heat treatment. Thus, Prp8 might be the target for an Hsp70/Djp1 complex.
+BMH1 and BMH2, identified with Region d, code for 14-3-3 like proteins, a family of proteins that bind to phosphoserine residues in target proteins whose activity they regulate (Muslinet al. 1996; Yaffeet al. 1997). Reported target proteins include factors involved in cell cycle control, stress response, and differentiation (Aitkenet al. 1995; Piwnica-Worms 1999). There are 10 serine residues in the part of Prp8 that was used for the yeast two-hybrid screen with Region d. One or more of these serine residues in a phosphorylated form might be the binding site for Bmh1 and Bmh2. Interestingly, Gpm1, a phosphoglycerate mutase (Rodicio and Heinisch 1987), was also isolated with Region d as bait. This enzyme catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate, which are similar in structure to phosphothreonine and phosphoserine, respectively. This finding further supports the presence of phosphorylated serines in Region d of Prp8.
+Prp44 and Prp24 as targets of Prp8 control: We find that loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding two factors previously implicated in aiding conformational RNA rearrangements necessary for spliceosome activation, Prp44 (Brr2/Rss1/Slt22/Snu246) and Prp24, are synthetically enhanced when U4-cs1 is the only U4 RNA present. The involvement of Prp24, a protein with three RRMs, in spliceosome activation is based on the identification of mutant PRP24 alleles that suppress the cold sensitivity of mutations in U6 RNA (A62G or A62U/C85A) that are thought to block splicing shortly after U4/U6 unwinding (Vidaveret al. 1999). This block is apparently due to hyperstabilization of an intermediate U6 RNA structure that is incapable of forming a catalytically active structure with U2 RNA. Prp24 seems to be important for the formation of this intermediate U6 RNA structure, which might help to unwind U4 and U6 RNAs. Furthermore, by analogy to the translation initiation factors eIF4A and eIF4B, Prp24 may be important for Prp44 helicase activity. eIF4A is a DExD/H-box family helicase, like Prp44, and eIF4B is an RRM-containing protein that stimulates eIF4A activity (Niederbergeret al. 1998; Rogerset al. 1999). Likewise, a direct interaction of Prp24 with Prp44 might be a prerequisite for activation of the U4/U6 RNA helicase, and Prp8 might control this interaction by limiting the access of Prp24 to Prp44 based on the status of the U6 RNA/5′ splice site interaction. Thereby Prp8 would repress U4/U6 unwinding until a competent spliceosome is assembled (Figure 4C).
+Given the evidence that U4/U6 unwinding is coupled to disruption of the U1/5′ splice site interaction, one might expect genetic interactions between snr14-cs1 and mutations affecting Prp28, the helicase involved in U1/5′ splice site unwinding (Staley and Guthrie 1999). Interestingly, a mutant allele of PRP28, prp28-1, which has a mutation in its helicase domain and is thus proposed to be weakened in unwinding activity, is suppressed by a mutation in PRP8 (Strauss and Guthrie 1991). Furthermore, prp28-1 is synthetically lethal with a mutation in PRP24 (Strauss and Guthrie 1991). Together these results suggest that prp28-1 might be synthetically enhanced by snr14-cs1, similar to the mutations in PRP44 and PRP24. Unfortunately, no information about the location of the PRP8 mutation(s) that suppresses prp28-1 is available for comparison to Regions a to e. In addition to Prp8, Prp24, Prp28, Prp38, and Prp44, two other splicing factors have been implicated in U4 RNA release during spliceosome activation: the U4/U6 snRNP protein Prp4 (Ayadiet al. 1997), and the non-snRNP protein Prp19 (Tarnet al. 1993). Characterization of genetic interactions between PRP8 alleles that suppress the cold sensitivity caused by U4-cs1 and the splicing factors mentioned above should help us to further understand the function of the five regions of Prp8 defined in this study and to unravel the intricate network of factors involved in spliceosome activation.
+Acknowledgments
+We are grateful to Cathy Collins, Ira Lemm, Stephanie Ruby, and Eric Steinmetz for critical reading of the manuscript and to members of the Brow and Dahlberg laboratories for helpful discussions. We thank Cathy Collins, Christine Guthrie, Stephanie Ruby, and Paul Siliciano for communicating unpublished results, and Cathy Collins, Elizabeth Craig, Christine Guthrie, Phil James, Suzanne Noble, Brian Rymond, Karen Shannon, and Jim Umen for yeast strains, plasmid DNA, and yeast two-hybrid libraries. This work was supported by grant GM-54018 from the National Institutes of Health. A.N.K. is a recipient of a fellowship from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
+Footnotes
+Communicating editor: A. J. Lopez
+- Received March 3, 2000.
+- Accepted May 9, 2000.
+Misoprostol (Cytotec) for Labor Induction: A Cautionary Tale
+by Marsden Wagner, MD, MSPH
+[Editor's note: This article first appeared in Midwifery Today, No. 49 - Spring 1999.]
+In this issue of Midwifery Today Jennifer Enoch presents an excellent, thorough review of the use of misoprostol (Cytotec) for induction (1). A careful reading of this paper, however, raises a number of urgent questions: Misoprostol is on the market as a prescription drug because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved misoprostol for stomach problems, but not for induction of labor. Why not? What does the FDA say about this "off-label" use? What does the company manufacturing the drug say about this use?.
+Theme: Bridging the Gap
+A thorough look at the use of misoprostol (Cytotec) gives readers some very compelling things to think about..C., at the FDA to approve drugs, so we must try them out ourselves if we want progress."
+One month later, in Oregon, a local doctor told me (and repeated it on her local weekly TV Health program) that obstetricians in Medford told her they are thrilled with Cytotec for induction because they can bring women in first thing in the morning, give them Cytotec and have the babies out before 5 p.m.—a welcome return to daylight obstetrics. None of the hospitals in the Medford area required informed consent when using Cytotec for induction. The Oregon State Health Department told me that while collecting their statewide data on induction, they have observed that Cytotec has now become the most common method of induction.
+While the United States has a system in place to ensure that all drugs must be evaluated by the FDA before being he wants and at any dosage. Trials for new uses of drugs are important as long as the trials are done as research and everyone understands that this use is experimental, with informed consent from the patient. Misoprostol induction shows potential for certain benefits, but these benefits must be documented by careful research that any that 12 patients' rights to informed consent.
+Also apparent from reading the Internet is the inability of many clinicians to critically review published papers. The general assumption is that since there are, as stated in one Web message, "gobs of references" (2), the scientific work has been done, and it is OK.
+Theme: Fathers in Pregnancy and Birth
+Articles on ultrasound, Cytotec, natural family planning, the "call" to midwifery, placenta previa and much more round out the issue.
+In the review of published randomized controlled trials (RCT) of misoprostol induction, Enoch mentions several weaknesses of these trials (1). A number of additional weaknesses of the trials Enoch reviewed must be added to produce the following, more complete, list:
+- All trials compare misoprostol with another inducing drug, but not with nonuse of a drug. Studies of the new use of a drug need to begin with comparing its use with nonuse, or no baseline data on effect exists.
+- None of the RCTs is blind.
+- No RCTs control for the risk status of the woman.
+- No RCTs control for whether the woman is in active labor and if so, what stage of labor.
+- No RCTs have adequate standard dosage regimes. Defining dose according to "adequate contraction pattern" is most inadequate.
+- Since both the dosages used and the drugs compared with vary from study to study, the studies cannot be compared with each other, nor can they be used for meta-analysis.
+- All RCTs have been done at university hospitals. While this may provide preliminary data on efficacy, it gives no information on effectiveness—that is, how effective is this use of this drug in the real world of community practice.
+- The total sample size (both arms of the trial) in all studies is far too small—between 126 and 220. This sample size is completely inadequate for measuring risks. Since the studies cannot be combined because they lack any standardization of methodology, adding up the samples to increase the sample size is not an option.
+- In no trials is woman or baby followed for any significant period of time to identify side effects or risks.
+- No trials report on certain, possibly rarer, risks, such as cervical laceration and severe perineal tears.
+- Of the six RCTs, five show significantly more fetal tachycardia in the misoprostol arm, and the sixth RCT shows more fetal tachycardia, which does not reach statistical significance. This sixth study also reports more abnormal fetal heart rate patterns and more meconium in the misoprostol arm. These results are preliminary given the small sample size, but they are most worrisome. When these results on risks in the RCTs are combined with the case reports Enoch reviews concerning uterine rupture after misoprostol induction, these very preliminary findings regarding risks of misoprostol induction cry out for further research.
+In summary, the studies to date might be a bit helpful in fine tuning dose and dose interval and in suggesting possible efficacy, but they leave wide open serious concerns about risks. Turning again to the Internet and the gold standard of perinatal science, the Cochrane Library, a review of misoprostol induction in the second online issue in 1998 concludes:
+"In dosages of 25 micrograms three hourly or more, misoprostol is more effective than conventional methods of cervical ripening and labour induction. The increase in uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes found in this review is a matter of concern. Although no differences in perinatal outcome were shown, the studies were not sufficiently large to exclude the possibility of uncommon serious adverse effects. The increase in meconium-stained liquor in one study also requires further investigation.
+"Thus, though misoprostol shows promise as a highly effective, inexpensive and convenient agent for labour induction, it cannot be recommended for routine use at this stage. It is also not registered for such use in many countries.
+"Because of the enormous economic and possible clinical advantages of misoprostol, there is the need for trials to establish its safety." (3)
+In other words, the opinion of the best perinatal scientists is that misoprostol induction is still experimental and should be done only in a controlled research setting with the usual protection of research subjects, including fully informed consent. This is because to date our scientific data are inadequate to tell us whether or not misoprostol induction is safe.
+The alacrity with which a technology or drug is adopted and used is related to its advantages for the patient and, equally or more importantly, for the practitioner. We have struggled for years with little success to keep a lid on the medically unnecessary use of that most convenient obstetrical procedure—cesarean section. During this same time we have struggled with little success to promote the adoption of the evidence-based but inconvenient VBAC (vaginal birth after cesarean).
+How do we hold back the rapid spread of misoprostol induction, which heralds the return of all the conveniences of daylight obstetrics? That the drug is not approved by the FDA for this purpose, not approved for this use by the drug manufacturer, not endorsed for this use by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or midwifery organizations, and not recommended for routine use by scientists (who tell us we do not know if it is safe) has had no apparent effect on the enthusiasm with which clinicians, both doctors and midwives, are starting to use it.
+It is particularly disconcerting to learn from the Internet and from chatting with practitioners that some midwives are jumping on the misoprostol induction bandwagon. A homebirth midwife on the Internet talks of her "work in progress" protocol—an oxymoron, because protocols should never be based on brief experience but always on a thorough review of all the best current scientific data. Midwives need to make every effort to achieve evidence-based practice, particularly when using drugs and invasive technologies, and the clear lack of data on serious risks of misoprostol induction should be sufficient to deter all midwives from this procedure, whether in hospital or out of hospital.
+The issue here is consumer protection and quality assurance in maternity care. We need a system of rational pharmaceutical management that guarantees adequate evaluation of every use of a drug prior to its use for that purpose as well as drug protocols developed by an officially recognized group of scientists, clinicians (including midwives), policy-makers, and consumers and based on the best scientific evidence. Present consumer protection systems in some countries, for example in Scandinavia, include mandatory prior evaluation and officially endorsed consensus protocols, and there is no evidence that progress in maternity care is held back.
+However, in some countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, the only way consumers of health care have found to protect themselves is through the courts, because this is the only place doctors and hospitals cannot successfully stonewall information and opinion. Too many times clinicians are sued for the wrong reasons because there is not a system to guarantee prior adequate evaluation and evidence-based protocols with some weight to them.
+The case reports on uterine rupture after misoprostol induction recommend not using this drug if the woman has a scarred uterus, and Enoch, in her review, wisely echoes this recommendation (1). But after more than a decade of cesarean section rates in the United States above 20 percent, a significant proportion of American women of childbearing age have a scarred uterus, and such a policy would sharply reduce the opportunities for daylight obstetrics. How many uteri will be ruptured before a court case finally applies a needed brake in this practice? I would welcome learning of cases where misoprostol induction was used without fully informed consent and there was subsequent uterine rupture, cervical laceration or other serious complications.
+Marsden Wagner, MD, MS, is a perinatologist, neonatalogist and perinatal epidemiologist from California who is an outspoken supporter of midwifery. He was responsible for maternal and child health in the European Regional Office of WHO for 14 years. Marsden travels all over the world to talk about appropriate uses of technology in birth and utilizing midwives for the best outcome. His book Pursuing the Birth Machine is a must for anyone involved in birth. Click here for a complete biography.
+References
+- Enoch, Jennifer. (1999). Misoprostol (Cytotec): a new method of inducing labor. Midwifery Today, No. 49.
+- Copies of 17 pages of messages on misoprostol induction printed off the World Wide Web on May 26, 1998, available from this author.
+- Hofmeyr, G. J. (1998). Misoprostol administered vaginally for cervical ripening and labour induction with a viable fetus. The Cochrane Library, Issue 2.
+Related Information:
+- Midwifery Today's gateway page about cytotec.
+If you enjoyed this article, you'll enjoy Midwifery Today magazine! Subscribe now!
+Principal Retires And Is Back, All In A Month
+BY BUDDY NEVINS
+Attention teachers, school staff and legislators: Broward Schools are at it again.
+Bob Crawford, who recently retired as principal of Atlantic Technical Center, is on Tuesday’s School Board agenda to be rehired.for the same job he just left.
+A School Board member says candidly: “It doesn’t look good.
+That’s an understatement.
+Crawford’s new salary is $108,529.
+Because he is “retired,” he also gets a pension. He received a big hunk of cash from the state DROP program when he “retired,” according to sources.
+(Deferred Retirement Option Program or DROP pays large sums of money into a 401K-like retirement account in return for a promise to retire in five years. After five years, you get the money.)
+“He got a pension and a lot of money from DROP and 30 days later, turns around and gets his old job back, said a source with 20 years in the system. “I hear he didn’t even clean out of his desk. He just took a long vacation.
+The administration’s excuse is that they need to pay a principal to replace Crawford, who’s picture wasn’t even removed from the school’s website when he “retired. So why not just continue paying Crawford who knows the job, say administrators?
+Crawford is being rehired at the lowest pay possible for principals so it has minimal impact on the school system’s budget, according to an administration source.
+What about the taxpayers, who are now paying Crawford a state pension and a new salary from Broward schools?
+At the same time teachers and staff are being laid off, the school system is considering hiring someone and allowing them to double dip? How many teachers’ jobs could be saved with $108,529?
+This is an outrage.
+May 3rd, 2010 at 3:24 pm
+This is a shame because it will be used in Tallahassee to justify not giving the schools money.
+May 3rd, 2010 at 4:08 pm
+One or 2 teachers could be saved with the 108k (depending on where the teacher(s)are on the pay schedule). The 108k is going to be paid to whomever becomes the principal of Atlantic Tech. That is not really the issue (unless you want to discuss if a school needs a principal, which is a different issue). Also, whether or not Mr. Crawford cleaned out his desk is a non-issue (and in the interest of disclosure, I have never met Mr. Crawford) The issue here is if a retired employee is permitted to be rehired after completing DROP. As long as the State rules allow it, then it is permissible, even though it may “look bad.” This is not a District level decision, if it is wrong it must be corrected at the State level. (BTW – I am in agreement with you that an employee who completed DROP should not be rehired, but the District is following the rules in these cases.)
+May 3rd, 2010 at 4:42 pm
+The idea that someone can be rehired days after they retire is horrible. I am a teacher and if I leave there is no job for me. If the School Board doesn’t stop this, the Legislature and Charlie Crist should.
+May 3rd, 2010 at 5:18 pm
+This post is confusing enough that I’m not sure that I’m responding correctly, but here goes . . .
+First, is Crawford being rehired under the DROP program or is he being rehired after he has complerted his DROP period?
+Second, since he is being rehired at the minimum salary, and if he had benn doing a good job as principal at ATC heretofore, would that mean that the School Board is getting a good deal?
+Third, if Crawford is particpating in the DROP program, he is not collecting his pension. It is being held in an interest-bearing account.
+Fourth, the “large sums of money” (exactly what does this mean?)being paid into an ersatz 401k is in lieu of furher particpation in the pension plan.
+I’m not sure what the real objection is, here. As is so often the case, the suggestion is made that something wrong must be going on, but there is no evidence presented.
+Sounds like emotion over intellect. Where have we being hearing that lately?
+May 3rd, 2010 at 6:18 pm
+I like me the double dippers.
+May 3rd, 2010 at 6:31 pm
+“Floridan” –
+Floridian is the spelling you are looking for. If you are going to argue that emotion is blinding intellect you make want to use yours and run a spell/grammar check.
+For an administrator to be rehired less than one day after retiring is exactly why the citizens of Broward County need to scrutinize the leadership at the school board and their ethics.
+May 3rd, 2010 at 7:08 pm
+This is the pitts, 20 yr employees w/retirement options, go get another job NOT the same one,step a side double dipping is BS, NO WONDER the SCHOOL BOARD NEEDS TO GO !Lets get the IRS to step in just for shits and giggles on all of them
+May 4th, 2010 at 2:58 am
+Floridian,
+Crawford retired and completed the DROP, although your attempts at playing coy are cute. The board approved his retirement during the 4/20 meeting, but made the approval retroactive to 4/1 so that anytime after 5/1 Crawford could be re-employed without jeopardizing his DROP payout.
+Crawford then left without even cleaning out his desk and took a sizeable payout with his drop money. Maybe he’d just had enough (wink/nod).
+Then the superintendent, in concert with the HR department, create the illusion of a fair and impartial panel to review and evaluate the job candidates and by some strange cosmic twist Crawford gets the job.I feel badly for the other candidates who never had a shot going into the interviews. I can only imagine how the actual interview went between the chosen few.
+Therefore, in addition to getting a “good deal” on Crawford, the district also reaps the benefit of not having some newbie taking their sweet-ass time setting up that desk and office with personnal belongings and other business effects because Crawford never removed his stuff (wink/wink). Also, think of the man-hours saved by not setting up a new position/person in the robust payroll system. Time=Money.
+This symbiotic relationship between the superintendent, the board and the HR division is one of the things that has the district in such deep doo doo. The cronyism and nepotism are rampant but the school board wants us to know just how “gut wrenching” all of these current cuts are. I guess this re-hire just “takes the edge off” of that pain for a brief moment; I mean, don’t you feel better knowing that 800-1000 teachers are losing their jobs, but at least this guy gets to hold onto a six digit (second) salary. Think of all the jobs that salary will create (think trickle down effect), and some of the laid off teachers may be blessed enough to find a job at a coffee shop that he frequents…and the tips could be astounding…get it? This is really a “job creating” deal.
+Besides, who would want anyone to look at the Atlantic Vo-Tech books that wasn’t a crony? Certainly not the superintendent…he has far too much to hide in that vo-tech cash cow…like slush funds and secret money with special perks for special people.
+I hope this helped you out Floridian. You are cute.
+May 4th, 2010 at 3:58 am
+Hammerhead, I think your response to my comment pretty much proves my point.
+You make a lot of unsubstantiated allegations, but provide no evidence.
+As far as teacher layoffs, the blame should be directed at the Florida Legislature. Between unfunded mandates, cuts in appropriations and attempts to make teachers’ employment about as secure as an order-taker at McDonalds, our state legislators have done a great disservice to our educators and our children.
+May 4th, 2010 at 5:09 am
+The only way to save money in this situation is to NOT fill the vacancy.
+Crawford is being re-hired at the minimum salary for this position.
+If you fill the vacancy with someone else, they will earn the same amount.
+Crawford will collect his pension whether he is employed by the school board or not.
+It’s a zero sum situation finacially.
+The real issue isn’t money, it’s do you bring in a new person to learn the job or go with Crawford who knows the school.
+FROM BUDDY:
+What amazes me about the school system and government in general is its unwillingness to try anything new.
+Where is it written that a principal at a certain salary has to run every school? Why aren’t these salaries lowered for new hires?
+Many industries are combining supervisors, flattening their administration. Why can’t one principal be responsible for two nearby schools? Has it ever been tried? Why are their so many layers of administration in the school system? Charter schools appear to run with much less administration.
+The newspaper industry has financial problems. In response, levels of administration were removed. The papers still get published every day.
+Why can’t the schools follow this example? The world changes, but the school system is still trying to operate like it always has.
+May 4th, 2010 at 5:36 am
+Buddy, ATC employee is right on. Crawford is a principal of a voc-tech school. He has experience and knowledge about that specialized school, which by the way, has won many honors and accolades. The next closest voc-tech school is in Davie. The next closest to that is in Hallendale. Having one principal cover two voc-tech schools is not practical.
+That school will have a principal at that salary regardless of who is in that position. And ATC is right, Crawford will collect his same pension regardless of who is in that position. There is absolutely zero effect on the budget.
+In fact, the district is getting an experienced proven principal for a reduced rate.
+The whiners who cry “no fair” don’t like the fact that the state allows this. They also don’t like the fact that the state requires the FCAT, etc. As long as this is legal, this is much ado about nothing.
+May 4th, 2010 at 5:38 am
+Also, ATC employee is correct that the only way to save money is NOT to fill the vacancy. That does beg the question, why does this vacancy have to be filled now? Perhaps a better move would be to leave it vacant until August, then fill it with the experienced qualified principal, as allowed by law, thus saving the district $$ over the summer. Put in an existing interim, that’s how the district could save $$.
+May 4th, 2010 at 5:47 am
+While he may be making the same salary as a new pricipal is not the only issue. Some other administrator does not get to move into the job. If this had happened another teacher would have moved into a school leadership postion and created an “opening” at their school. This would have saved a teaching job. Instead there will be a layoff. The young new teachers are not getting hired because we keep rehiring retired teachers and adminsitrators. Young teachers bring new ideas to the classroom and lower salaries which lowers the cost to the system.
+FROM BUDDY:
+In financially tough times, why is the salary the same? Private industry is cutting salaries. Why not the school system? I would bet that many would apply for the job anyway.
+Also, another person leaving a comment was right. Why fill the job now on the verge of the summer vacation? What is so necessary over the summer in a school that a principal is needed? Why not give everybody in the system a fair chance at the job? This does smack of cronyism.
+The public is fed-up with this type of conduct.
+May 4th, 2010 at 6:11 am
+This is all very interesting but you have to look behind the curtain of what is actually going on. Why do you have 2 Full Time Paid Principals at some High schools? 6:19 am
+Buddy, don’t get me wrong – I agree with you. Your points are spot on. I was just pointing out that hiring someone new (under current policy) doesn’t save money.
+This is my 12th year teaching and came out of industry to do so and I still get frustrated at the inefficiencies of the school system.
+Unfortunately, as you noted above, innovation is not the School Boards strong suit.
+May 4th, 2010 at 7:54 am
+Everybody keeps talking abut experience at a cheap rate. I agree with Buddy to “try something new”. Mr. Crawford moved up the ranks and did a very great job but over half of his current salary was deposited in DROP for 60 months. So do a little math in your head. It’s time for him to move on and let new teachers or maintenance people keep their lower paying jobs and be able to provide education and food for their children. This type of behavior is pure GREED!!!
+May 4th, 2010 at 8:04 am
+Buddy I am agreeing with you too! My point is this practice as a whole should stop. No new blood in a system is bad and if we keep rehiring the new teachers do not get a chance. The sytem as a whole would save money because the new teachers are at the bottom of the pay scale and also yonger blood makes a difference in your health plans too. Average in those 20 somethings with the 50’s and it brings those costs down too.
+May 4th, 2010 at 9:41 am
+All this talk about saving money by keeping a postion vacant for three months is misplaced angst.
+The School Board has a multi-BILLION dollar budget; $25,000 is a rounding error.
+If you want to get upset, direct your anger at the Florida Legislature, the real culprits in this on-going fiasco.
+May 4th, 2010 at 9:46 am
+Buddy,
+Speaking of tax payer dollars, where are you on the BTU being paid as “employees” to get FRS credit while BTU then pays the sch board for having them on the books? Talk about a tax payer scam. Can I have the sch bd put me on their books to get DROP and reimburse them?
+FROM BUDDY: I wrote an outraged post on this recently.
+May 4th, 2010 at 2:55 pm
+Buddy-
+This move has NO impact on taxpayers at all. He will receive his pension no matter what and the District will be paying someone to run the school no matter what.
+All references to “financial impact” are not based on facts. If the argument is that this position could be replaced by someone younger, I would agree. There is plenty of young talent in the district. Please keep the facts straight on the budget impact- it has none on the district or on taxpayers.
+Interesting factoid: Did you know that Principals are the only employees in the entire school district to have a majority of their evaluations based on student performance??
+As people try to dismiss Principals as unnecessary or expendable, remember the above- teachers do not live under that kind of scrutiny.
+May 4th, 2010 at 3:25 pm
+I think most of you are missing the point. My concern is the missing criteria of hiring back someone who just retired. One of the comments mentioned the candidates who were interviewed for the job. It was already predetermined who the principal would be. It was going to be Bob Crawford because he is a friend of the superintendent. My criticism is not of Bob, my criticism is of Jim Notter for not setting up a system for all employees to have the opportunity to be hired back. Right now, the Superintendent uses his discretion about who comes back. What makes this principal more valuable than another one? If Notter wants to continue with this practice, then publish the rubric or criteria that will be used to evaluate someone’s value to the system. Being Notter’s friend or a school board member’s friend should not be the only reason for additional employment.
+May 5th, 2010 at 5:26 am
+I heard that this is just the beginning. Dave Gordon, principal at Pompano HS “retired” on yesterday’s agenda. Folks at the school are saying that he is the next to come back and one SB member in particular has told folks at that school that he will ensure it. Wonder what special expertise Gordon has to be brought back? Other than a close relationship with a board member.
+May 6th, 2010 at 8:48 pm
+so here it goes again, they are rehiring the principals-preventing AP’s moving to a Principal job, and teachers’ to AP jobs. Hiring a retired principal means two peole lose their job.
+WHat makes Crawford so special? and Gordon? Gordon has a cush job at a cush school..anyone can handle that!
+May 7th, 2010 at 12:49 am
+This seems to be some kind of fraud…it needs to STOP.
+ABSTRACT, this work was performed to address why infants infected with SIV progress more quickly to AIDS than do adults. Earlier we reported that in adult rhesus macaques, increasing monocyte turnover reflected tissue macrophage damage by SIV and was predictive of terminal disease progression to AIDS. Here we report that uninfected infant rhesus macaques exhibited a higher physiological baseline monocyte turnover rate than adults. Furthermore, once infected with SIV, infants displayed further increased monocyte turnover that may have facilitated the accelerated progression to AIDS. These results support a role for monocytes and macrophages in the pathogenesis of SIV/HIV and begin to explain why infants are more prone to rapid disease progression.
+INTRODUCTION
+The use of antiretroviral therapies (ART) has dramatically reduced mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in developed countries (1 – 3). However, there are still many obstacles to preventing MTCT in developing countries where ART is unavailable and few alternatives to breast-feeding exist. Neonatal HIV infections are often associated with a more rapid disease progression and a higher mortality rate than with adult infections. Two distinct patterns of disease progression are observed in untreated, HIV-infected children. In the first pattern, approximately 50% of children develop serious disease and die by 2 years of age (4, 5). In the remaining group, infected children express significantly higher levels of virus replication than adults, develop a slower onset of disease, and may survive until adolescence (6). A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with HIV infection that are unique to neonates and young children is essential for the development of effective intervention strategies.
+HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) target activated memory CCR5+ CD4+ T cells that become rapidly depleted during the acute phase, especially in mucosal tissues such as the intestine (7 – 9). After an initial immune response that reduces viral load and partially restores CD4+ T cell levels in adults, virus persistence and the slow continuous decline of CD4+ T cells eventually contribute to terminal disease progression to AIDS, with a median survival of 11 years without treatment (9, 10). In contrast to the case with adults, CCR5+ CD4+ T cells are dramatically absent in the blood and lymph nodes (LNs) of infants (11), and HIV/SIV infections in human and rhesus macaque infants progress more rapidly than in adults, with onset of AIDS within 2 years and onset of simian AIDS by 6 months of age, respectively (12, 13). Rhesus infants did exhibit an increased number of activated memory CCR5+ CD4+ T cells in the gut, and these cells serve as major targets of SIV infection, resulting in their subsequent depletion (11, 13, 14). In addition, these intestinal CD4+ T cells exhibited a markedly high proliferating capability (13). Despite the presence of this CCR5+ CD4+ T cell subset in the gut, the majority of CD4+ T cells in neonates exhibit a naive phenotype and are skewed functionally toward immune tolerance (14 – 18). In light of these phenotypic and functional differences, along with the higher CD4+ T cell levels in children than in adults, the age-related declines of CD4+ T cells in infants (19 – 21), an overall lower number of activated memory target cells in neonates than in adults, and no strong evidence indicating higher systemic CD4+ T cell depletion in infants (22 – 24), it remains unclear what is driving the faster and more severe disease progression in pediatric cases. This highlights the importance of further defining T cell immune responses in HIV progression as well as the response of other immune cells that are targeted by infection such as macrophages.
+Relatively less is known about the contribution of monocytes and macrophages to AIDS pathogenesis. Macrophages can express the receptors necessary for viral entry of HIV, including CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4, and macrophages support infection in vivo to various degrees based on tissue sites (25, 26). Also, we reported previously that increased monocyte turnover better predicts onset of terminal disease progression in adults than declining levels of CD4+ T cells alone (27, 28). Furthermore, we observed increased monocyte trafficking from bone marrow to blood and their subsequent differentiation into macrophages in peripheral tissues, including LNs, central nervous system, and lung, during SIV infection in adult rhesus macaques (29 – 31). This increase in monocyte turnover, recruitment, and differentiation correlated with the rate of progression to AIDS, severity of lung tissue damage, and SIV encephalitis (29 – 31). Monocytes and tissue macrophages participate in innate immune responses via recognition and phagocytosis of invading pathogens and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Macrophages also serve as targets of HIV/SIV infection and contribute to pathogenesis as represented by giant cell pneumonia and AIDS encephalitis during late-stage infection (30, 32, 33). Furthermore, massive macrophage infection is observed in cases of rapid AIDS progression with sustained high viral loads during SIV/SHIV infection of adult macaques, as well as in SIV-infected rhesus macaques depleted of CD4+ T cells (29, 30). Taken together, the findings led us to hypothesize that the rapid AIDS progression in HIV/SIV-infected infants is associated with macrophage infection and destruction followed by increasing monocyte turnover to recruit and replace the damaged tissue macrophages. The purpose of this study was to characterize the frequencies and phenotypes of monocytes and macrophages during AIDS disease progression in newborn and infant rhesus macaques infected with SIVmac251. The results indicated that in addition to CD4+ T cells, infection of monocytes and macrophages was critical for rapid progression to AIDS in pediatric cases.
+RESULTS
+High baseline monocyte turnover in uninfected infants compared to adult rhesus macaques.To compare baseline blood monocyte turnover, 5′-bromo-2′-deoxyruridine (BrdU) or 5-ethynyl-2′deoxyuridine (EdU) was administered by intravenous (i.v.) injection to young rhesus macaques aged 2 to 189 days (Table 1). Blood samples were collected 24 h later (or as otherwise noted) to detect BrdU incorporation by dividing cells to measure monocyte turnover using flow cytometry as previously described (28). As shown in Fig. 1A, the median monocyte turnover in the uninfected neonate and infant macaques was 15.9% (lower and upper quartile range, 9.46% to 21.65%), compared to 2.9% (lower and upper quartile range, 1.84% to 5.15%) in the uninfected adults, which was statistically significantly higher (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.0001, two-tailed t test). Furthermore, 19 out of 25 (76%) of the uninfected infants exhibited greater than 10% BrdU+ monocytes (CD3− CD20− CD8− HLA-DR+ CD14+), compared to only 1 of 15 (6.7%) uninfected adults. An inverse correlation also was observed between decreasing monocyte turnover and increasing age until reaching 100 to 120 days of age (r = −0.4225; P = 0.012), indicating that a normal adult physiological monocyte turnover appeared to develop at about 3 months of age (Fig. 1B). For further corroboration, monocyte turnover was followed longitudinally in three infant macaques. Over the span of a year, BrdU was administered every 4 to 6 weeks, followed by flow cytometric monitoring of monocyte turnover 24 h after each BrdU injection based on monocyte BrdU incorporation kinetics established in earlier studies (28). Monocyte turnover rates after birth ranged from 18.1 to 24.8% and decreased to 5 to 8% in all animals within 6 months of age (Fig. 1C).
+Summary of study pediatric rhesus macaquesa
+High monocyte turnover in uninfected infant rhesus macaques. BrdU incorporation was analyzed at 24 h by multicolor flow cytometry to determine the percentage of BrdU+ monocytes (HLA-DR+ CD3− CD8− CD20− CD14+). Monocyte turnover rates were compared between infant rhesus macaques and adult rhesus macaques (A), examined in 20 uninfected macaques ranging from 3 to 190 days of age (B), and monitored longitudinally in three rhesus macaques every 4 to 6 weeks (C). The frequency of CD16+ CD14+ monocytes was analyzed (D and E). (D) Representative flow cytometry data in infant rhesus macaques. (E) Comparison of the frequency of CD16+ CD14+ monocytes among neonates, older infants, and adults. Measures of statistical significance were assessed by two-tailed Mann-Whitney U test (A) and Spearman correlation analysis (B) and Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for multiple comparisons using Dunn's posttest (E). *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001.
+During homeostasis, the majority of monocytes from humans and rhesus macaques stain CD14+ CD16− (34), but CD16 expression on monocytes increases under inflammatory conditions (35 – 37). We thus investigated the frequency of CD16-expressing monocytes as an indirect indicator of monocyte activation in infant macaques. CD16 expression was higher in the animals aged 1 to 8 days old (median = 30.39%; lower and upper quartile range, 14.11 to 40.97%) than in older infants (median = 15.14%; lower and upper quartile range, 12.32 to 18.66%) and adults (median = 7.92%; lower and upper quartile range, 4.43 to 12.4%) (Fig. 1D and E).
+SIV infection in infant macaques led to further increases in monocyte turnover and rapid progression to AIDS.Since increased monocyte turnover correlated with AIDS disease progression in SIV-infected adult rhesus macaques (28), we examined whether higher initial baseline monocyte turnover rates would be reflected in the rapid disease progression in infants. Newborn rhesus macaques were inoculated i.v. with a pathogenic SIV strain (SIVmac251) within 24 h of birth and euthanized at specified time points regardless of disease progression status (Fig. 2A and B; Table 1). Two of those animals, JL94 and JR01, were monitored to confirm an overview of disease progression depicted by single time point from each infected neonate until exhibiting AIDS-related clinical signs (e.g., weight loss and diarrhea) and euthanized on days 75 and 56 postinfection, respectively (Fig. 2A and B). Consistent with previously reported studies (13, 14) peak plasma viral loads in the newborn macaques were greater than 107 SIV RNA copies/ml plasma and levels of virus remained high throughout the course of infection (Fig. 2A).
+SIV infection in newborn macaques induced rapid increases in monocyte turnover and disease progression to AIDS. (A) Plasma viral loads (PVL) in 15 infant macaques infected within 24 h of birth as well as the mean PVL of four infected adult macaques (dashed line) were plotted. (B) BrdU incorporation was evaluated for monocyte turnover at 24 h. Blood monocyte turnover rates were measured every 4 to 6 weeks during the course of infection in neonates JL94 (solid circles) and JR01 (solid squares) until progression to AIDS, and at necropsy in 13 other infected macaques (open symbols). Mean monocyte turnover rates (i.e., percent BrdU+ CD14+ monocytes) of the four infected adults are shown for comparison (dashed line). (C) Statistical significance of comparisons between monocyte turnover rates of newborn and adult rhesus macaques before infections (UN, uninfected) and during acute, chronic, and AIDS stages of SIV-infected macaques were determined by Kruskal-Wallis test corrected for multiple comparisons using Dunn's posttest. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. (D) Absolute counts of monocytes in uninfected and SIV-infected infant macaques were compared by Mann-Whitney U test and were not significantly different.
+In vivo BrdU pulse studies were performed to compare monocyte turnover in adult and newborn rhesus macaques at time points before infection, during acute, chronic, and AIDS stages of SIV infection, and at euthanasia. At peak viremia during the acute phase, or approximately 2 weeks after SIV infection, the monocyte turnover rates were significantly higher in newborns, with a median of 35.6% (Fig. 2B and C), compared to a median of 11.5% in four infected adults (P = 0.0303). The high monocyte turnover rate observed in neonates during acute infection was equivalent to levels reached only during the terminal stages of AIDS in the SIV-infected adult macaques, which exhibited a 46% median monocyte turnover rate (Fig. 2C) (28).
+Newborns differed from adult macaques in the kinetics of monocyte turnover during the overall course of infection. Prior to infection, the baseline monocyte turnover was already significantly higher in the neonates (median = 16.2%) than in the adults (median = 2.9% [Fig. 2B and C]). The monocyte turnover increased further after SIV infection in the infected neonates during the acute peak viremia stage and during progression to AIDS (median = 36.8%). In contrast, the monocyte turnover in infected adults returned to near baseline levels after peak viremia acute stage, slightly increased during the chronic stage (median = 6.43%), and then increased significantly only during AIDS (Fig. 2C). In general, onset of AIDS-related clinical signs in the SIV-infected adult macaques occurred when the monocyte turnover rate reached ∼20%. In contrast, the turnover rate in the neonates originated at ∼20% and further increased after infection. Interestingly, the absolute numbers of blood monocytes were not significantly different before or after SIV infection in the newborn macaques, despite increased output of monocytes from bone marrow (Fig. 2D). Furthermore, the absolute number of monocytes in the neonates and infants were similar to numbers found in adult rhesus macaques in previous work (28).
+Increased accumulation and apoptosis of CD163+ macrophages in the LNs of SIV-infected newborn macaques.We then investigated if circulating monocytes undergoing physiologically higher turnover in uninfected neonates were massively migrating into peripheral tissues. Tissues from axillary LNs, intestines (jejunum), and lungs were collected from an uninfected neonate at necropsy that was performed 48 h after the final BrdU i.v. injection to enable detection of migrating and differentiating monocytes. Blood monocytes and tissue macrophages were identified for expression of CD163 (scavenger receptor) and CD206 (mannose receptor) (Fig. 3). Blood monocytes expressed the phenotype CD163+ CD206−, and over 40% stained for BrdU incorporation 48 h after BrdU administration. Tissue macrophages were contained in the lineage-negative HLA-DR+ fraction, and at least three distinct populations were identified by CD163 and CD206 expression: CD163+ CD206−, CD163+ CD206+, and CD163− CD206+. As described on the basis of our previous work using adult rhesus macaques (35), the majority of the BrdU+ cells were in the CD163+ CD206− population, suggesting that these macrophages most recently differentiated from immigrating monocytes. Fewer BrdU+ cells stained CD163+ CD206+ and appeared to be mature and/or differentiated macrophages. Finally, the CD163− CD206+ cells expressed CD11bdim/low, in contrast to high CD11b expression in the other two populations (CD163+ CD206− and CD163+ CD206+), exhibited negligible staining with BrdU, and thus were considered to be tissue resident macrophages or dendritic cells, as reported previously (38 – 42).
+Massive macrophage infection was observed in rapidly progressing SIV-infected pediatric macaques. Tissues obtained at necropsy were stained for SIV Env (KK41), CD163 (macrophages), and CD3 (T cells). Low- and high-magnification images, respectively, of jejunum (A and D), LN (B and E), and lung (C and F) are shown for animal JA96. Arrows and arrowheads indicate SIV-infected CD3+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages, respectively. Asterisks mark SIV+ CD3− and CD163− cells. (G) The numbers of SIV-infected CD3+ T cells, CD163+ macrophages, and CD3− CD163− cells per field were graphed for three rapid progressor (JA96, JL94, and JR01) and three conventional progressor (JF87, JD31, and KI13) infants.
+DISCUSSION
+SIV-infected newborn rhesus macaques rapidly progressed to AIDS after the acute stage of infection, unlike adult rhesus macaques, which transitioned from acute to chronic SIV infection before developing AIDS. Since macrophage infection and apoptosis in conjunction with increasing monocyte turnover and immigration to peripheral tissues occurred during terminal disease in adult SIV-infected rhesus macaques (28 – 30), we considered whether monocyte and macrophage functions in neonates and infants may affect the more rapid disease progression observed in the younger animals.
+We first observed that naive non-SIV-infected neonate and infant macaques inherently exhibited a higher monocyte turnover rate than that observed in uninfected adult rhesus macaques, and by approximately 6 months of age, the monocyte turnover rate reached that observed in adults (Fig. 1). Increases in monocyte turnover rates also have been reported after experimental induction of inflammation, and the majority of monocytes immigrating to the site of inflammation were differentiating into macrophages (44 – 46). Experimental depletion of resident cells further demonstrated that circulating monocytes could reconstitute the tissue macrophages (47 – 51). It is thus plausible that the high monocyte turnover observed in infants may reflect a faster migration or trafficking of monocytes that will populate and differentiate into tissue macrophages. Another explanation could be that innate immune responses are accelerated to compensate for an immature adaptive immune system. Newborns experience an onslaught of new antigenic exposures after birth and the massive monocyte activation could be required to help control or limit these early infections. For example, the frequency of CD16+ CD14+ monocytes was higher in newborn macaques during the first week of life than at any other age, including older infants and adults (Fig. 1D and E). CD16+ CD14+ monocytes increased not only during SIV/HIV infection but also after other various microbiological infections (52 – 54). These monocytes possess activated and proinflammatory properties, such as high soluble CD163 production concomitant with increased turnover rates (55) and high CXCL10 expression in secondary lymphoid tissues (56). These activated monocytes also could be more susceptible to SIV infection, which may account for the more rapid propagation of virus during the acute phase. This agrees with previous reports demonstrating that monocytes and macrophages obtained from neonates were more susceptible to HIV infection in vitro (57, 58).
+While a further elevated monocyte turnover rate from physiological baseline was observed in SIV-infected infant macaques soon after infection, monocyte turnover in newborn macaques was different from that in older infants during chronic phases of disease (Fig. 2 and 7). The consistently elevated monocyte turnover rate could be responsible for the rapid disease progression seen in newborns. It is important to delineate reasons why SIV-infected newborns more preferentially retained increased monocyte turnover over the older age group. Whereas increased monocyte turnover in acute phase of infection might be due to developmental needs of a growing neonate and maturing immune system, persistently high monocyte turnover in the chronic phase might induce AIDS-related diseases. If we can elucidate the role these cells play developmentally, as well as over the course of infection in infants, we may be able to target monocytes/macrophages for treatment. Therapeutic interventions could include initiation of ART at specific times based on the level of monocyte turnover (macrophage infection) or application of drugs that modify macrophages to become more resistant to HIV infection. Macrophages could also be targeted via drug delivery by using either liposomal bisphosphonates or nanoparticles carrying the drugs of interest.
+We also observed that macrophages in various tissues produced high levels of SIV in the infant macaques (Fig. 8). Such massive infections in macrophages were also reported for pathogenic experimental models of infection with simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) (59), SIVsmE660 or SIVsmE543 in rapid progressors (60), and SIVmac251 after anti-CD4+ antibody treatment (61). In these studies, infected adult animals advanced to AIDS more rapidly, maintained high viral levels after reaching peak viremia, and failed to reduce viral levels for achieving a typical set point during chronic stage of infection, similar to what was observed in SIV-infected newborn macaques. Thus, these results further implicate macrophages as a site of viral replication, which may explain the persistent high plasma viral levels as well as contribute to pathogenesis in the setting of rapid disease progression in infant rhesus macaques.
+A consequence of virus infection and the loss of the predominant population of CD163+ CD206+ macrophages in neonatal tissues may be acceleration of the onset of clinical signs associated with AIDS. One of the rapid progressor infants, JA96, exhibited a massive proportion of SIV-infected macrophages in all of tissues examined, and severe SIV-associated lesions were observed in brain (data not shown). Three of the SIV-infected rapid progressors also exhibited severe colitis. Since microbial translocation from damaged or dysregulated intestinal tissue could increase host susceptibility to additional pathogens, the loss of macrophages, in addition to declining CD4+ T cells caused by SIV infection, may cripple adaptive and innate immune responses, providing an environment more prone to opportunistic infections.
+In summary, results from these studies identified a higher physiologic baseline monocyte turnover rate in the younger animals than in adults, which may reflect a less mature innate immune system and greater susceptibility to SIV pathogenesis. SIV infection of these younger animals induced further increases in monocyte turnover rates in conjunction with tissue macrophage infection and destruction. Continuously immigrating and differentiating monocytes to replace the damaged tissue macrophages thus may have promoted the continued increasing monocyte turnover and subsequent rapid disease progression. Taken together, these results advocate for monocyte and macrophage participation in the rapid disease progression of pediatric HIV/SIV infections and support studies to target innate immune mechanisms to reduce pathogenesis.
+MATERIALS AND METHODS
+Rhesus macaques and SIV infection.Thirty-nine infant rhesus macaques specific pathogen free for SIV, type D simian retrovirus, herpes B virus, and simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 from the Tulane National Primate Research Center were used in this study (Table 1). Newborn macaques were removed from their mothers, reared in an animal biosafety level 2 (ABSL2) nursery, and studied in accordance with the standards of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (62) and with approval by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Tulane University. Animals were inoculated intravenously with 100 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of SIVmac251 within 24 h of birth (n = 15) or between 53 and 105 days of age (n = 4). Humane euthanasia was conducted at the scheduled time points and/or when warranted by manifestations of clinical AIDS or morbidity as indicated in Table 1. Neonates were defined as less than 1 month of age, and infants were defined as less than 1 year old.
+BrdU/EdU injections.To monitor cell turnover, thymidine analogues BrdU (Sigma-Aldrich) and EdU (Invitrogen) were used as described previously (39). Blood samples typically were collected 24 h after BrdU inoculations (or as indicated) to examine cell turnover of leukocytes. At the end of the study, tissues were collected 24 h or 48 h after BrdU or EdU inoculation at necropsy.
+SIV quantification.Plasma viral RNA loads were measured by a branched-DNA amplification assay (Siemens Diagnostics Clinical Laboratory) or real-time quantitative PCR targeting the SIVmac239 gag sequence (63).
+Cell isolation from tissues.Immune cells from intestinal tissues were isolated as described previously (14, 64), with some modifications. Briefly, excised sections of tissue were treated with 5 mM EDTA and Hanks' balanced salt solution to remove intestinal epithelial lymphocytes and then digested with collagenase type II (Sigma-Aldrich) in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to isolate leukocytes in the intestinal lamina propria. Leukocytes were purified by Percoll density gradient (35% and 60%) centrifugation (800 × g) for 20 min at 4°C. Immune cells from spleen and inguinal or axillary LNs were isolated by gentle mincing and digestion with collagenase type IV (Worthington) in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 5% FBS, followed by removal of residual red blood cells by treatment with ACK lysing buffer (Lonza).
+Flow cytometry.Blood and tissue cells were stained for 10-color flow cytometric analysis, and the following monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used: CD3-Alexa Fluor 700 (AF700) and -Pacific Blue (PB) (SP34-2), CD4-peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP)-Cy5.5 (L200), CD8-V500 (SK1), CD11b-AF700 (clone), CD14-PB (M5E2), CD16-allophycocyanin (APC)-H7 (3G8), CD20-APC-H7 (2H7), CD95-APC (DX2), CD206-APC (19.2), HLA-DR–phycoerythrin (PE)–Cy7 (L243), BrdU-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), CD20-electron-coupled dye (ECD) (B9E9), CD28-ECD (28.1), and CD163-PE (Mac2-158). The MAbs were obtained from BD Biosciences, Beckman Coulter, and Trillium. Surface-stained cells were permeabilized by sequential incubations with BD Cytofix/Cytoperm buffer (BD Biosciences) and DNase treated at 37°C for 1 h, followed by staining with FITC anti-BrdU. Cells were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 1% formaldehyde and acquired on an LSR II, LSR Fortessa, or FACS Aria (BD Biosciences). The data were analyzed using FlowJo software (TreeStar).
+Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy imaging.Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from animals were sectioned at a thickness of 7 μm. The following primary antibodies (Abs) were used: anti-CD163 mouse monoclonal antibody (10D6; Novocastra), anti-CD206 rabbit polyclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich), and anti-CD3 rabbit polyclonal antibody (Dako). Anti-BrdU rat monoclonal antibody (BU1/75; Novus) was used for staining the tissue sections, followed by incubation with AF488-, AF568-, or AF633-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:1,000; Invitrogen). To maximize the SIV signal, a tyramide signal amplification (TSA) kit (Invitrogen) was used, followed by staining with anti-SIV gp160/gp41 mouse monoclonal antibody (KK41; NIH AIDS Reagent Program). Apoptotic cells were detected with an ApopTag Plus Fluorescein In Situ Apoptosis Detection kit (Millipore) for terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Confocal microscopy was performed using a Leica TCS SP2 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems). Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems) was used to assign colors to the three channels collected (AF633 [blue], AF568 [red], and AF488 or fluorescein [green]). NIH Image (version 1.62; NIH) was used to count cells in images. Cells were manually counted in five randomly selected fields with an area of 0.14 mm2 each per tissue section, and the mean numbers of cells were reported.
+Statistical analysis.The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare two unmatched treatment groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare more than two unpaired groups, followed by Dunn's posttest. Spearman nonparametric analysis was applied for assessing correlations. GraphPad Prism 6.0 software for Mac (GraphPad, San Diego, CA) was used to analyze data and prepare figures. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
+ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
+Contributions to this work were as follows: C.S., A.H., and M.J.K. designed the studies; C.S., A.H., X.W., and R.S.V. participated in the execution of experiments; C.S., A.H., X.A.A., H.W., and M.J.K. analyzed the data; C.S., A.H., K.M.M., X.A.A., H.W., K.M., W.-K.K., E.S.D., and M.J.K. interpreted the results; and C.S., K.M.M., E.S.D., and M.J.K. prepared the manuscript.
+We acknowledge the following grants from the NIH: R01AI097059, R21AI091501, R01HL125054, R21AI116198, and R21MH108458. The funding agencies had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
+The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIH: anti-SIVmac251 gp41 monoclonal antibody (KK41) from Karen Kent and Caroline Powell.
+We claim no conflicts of interest.
+FOOTNOTES
+- Received 7 March 2017.
+- Accepted 22 May 2017.
+- Accepted manuscript posted online 31 May 2017.
+Lincoln Continental for Sale
+Selected Filters:Make: Lincoln Model: Continental Type of Ad: Vehicles for Sale Remove All
+$35,000
+1956 Lincoln Continental Mark II
+Santa Fe Springs, CA
+Automatic Transmission, Power Steering, Power Brakes, Power Seats, Power Windows, Wide White Wall Tires, Original Hub Caps....Great Condition....Great Deal!!! Call Rick @ Prestige Thunderbird... More
+$9,500
+1978 Lincoln Continental Mark V
+Carlisle, PA
+
+$14
+Emmerich, Germany
+1942 Lincoln Continental ConvertibleThe 1942 Lincoln Continental was in production for only a few months due to the outbreak of World War Two.There are... More
+$14,490
+1979 Lincoln Continental Coupe
+Pleasanton, CA
+All original '79 Lincoln Continental Mark V Bill Blass edition with only 55,535 miles. Everything works including original AM-FM 8-track stereo. Very good original... More
+Advertiser since 1978
+$18,500
+1976 Lincoln Continental Town coupe
+Stuart, FL
+Probably the lowest miles Town coupe on the market. Been driving it this week . The clock is the only thing that does not... More
+Inquire
+1958 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+Newberg, OR
+1958 Lincoln Continental - Utah ShowroomLincoln switched the Continental from a hand-built body to a version of the body shared with the Lincoln Capri... More
+$24,995
+1941 Lincoln Continental Coupe
+Scottsdale, AZ
+1941 Lincoln Continental Coupe Recent excellent mechanical upgrade and made ready for caravan/touring. Beautiful red/whipcord interior with older black paint and excellent chrome. V-12 engine with 3-speed/overdrive... More
+$49,900
+1947 Lincoln Continental . Restored. Gorgeous!
+Lake Oswego, OR
+Fully restored. Runs beautifully. Serial number H168753. Body number 570. Assembled September 3, 1947 and shipped September 9, 1947 to the Boyle Motor Co.... More
+$10,595
+1977 Lincoln Continental Sedan
+OFallon, IL
+For sale in our St. Louis showroom is a 2 owner 1977 Lincoln Mark V. The odometer reads 41260 which is the actual mileage... More
+$35,995
+1966 Lincoln Continental
+La Vergne, TN
+Lincoln is reaching into a lot of its heritage these days, which is reminding us all of some great cars. Arguably there's no... More
+$5,900
+1986 Lincoln Continental Givenchy
+Marietta, GA
+Givenchy designer series in excellent original condition including paint. 57,700 original documented miles. AACA award winner HPOF class, car # 28974. Optional taupe cloth... More
+$74,000
+1941 Lincoln Continental 2 Door Convertible (Cabriolet)
+Encinitas, CA
+Historic Vehicle # 094G Classic Car Club of America, prior national concorse winner, with badge on body. Notable; this is a 1941 with butterfly grill and push... More
+$11,000
+1958 Lincoln Continental Mark 3 2 door Convertible
+Brownsburg, IN
+Mark 3 Convertible, not driven in 40 years. Needs a complete restoration, solid car, left front door damage, no rust.... More
+$10,900
+1979 Lincoln Continental
+Lindenhurst, NY
+Lincoln Continental is a model name for a luxury car marketed by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company for 50 years. The Continental is a Lincoln nameplate that has... More
+$99,000
+1956 Lincoln Continental Mark II
+Rochester, NY
+Lincoln 1956 Continental Mark II Odometer reads 17,333 original miles. Believed to be one of the lowest mileage, original Continental Mark II's in existence. Unrestored... More
+$6,975
+1979 Lincoln Continental Town Coupe
+Sioux Falls, SD
+Low miles, Great condition at an exceptional value. Have you wanted to own a piece of American history, Well here is your chance to.... More
+Inquire
+1961 Lincoln Continental 4 Dr. Convertible
+Warrensburg, MO
+TO BE SOLD AT NO-RESERVE DURING OUR VANDERBRINK TOTAL LIQUIDATION PUBLIC AUCTION, SATURDAY, JUNE 3RD AT OUR DEALERSHIP! 1961 Lincoln Continental 4 Dr. Convertible.... More
+Advertiser since 2001
+$40,000
+1966 Lincoln Continental
+Lakeland, FL
+Suicide DoorsAir Conditioning460 V8 340-HP Engine1 of 3,180Folks, this is an extremely rare find! Our 66 Lincoln is absolutely beautiful all around! The paint... More
+Advertiser since 2013
+$9,900
+1978 Lincoln Continental Town Car
+Grand Rapids, MI
+GR Auto Gallery is pleased to present this 1978 Lincoln Continental Town Car Sedan for purchase. The Continental is a full-size flagship car for... More
+Advertiser since 2009
+$11,995
+1978 Lincoln Continental Sedan
+Lake Mary, FL
+For Sale in our Orlando Showroom is an absolutely stunning 1978 Lincoln Continental Mark V. This beautiful land-yacht has less than 63000 original miles... More
+$15,500
+1977 Lincoln Continental Mark V
+West Chester, PA
+1977 Lincoln Continental MK V, only 15,000 documented miles, just purchased from the original owner, all original, rust free of course, beautiful Classic White... More
+Advertiser since 1978
+$34,995
+1965 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+GENEVA, IL
+$25,000
+1961 Lincoln Continental Suicide door sedan Only 21,500 miles
+Pendleton, OR
+1961 Lincoln Continental, with suicide doors and ONLY 21,500 documented miles. First year for the "JFK" car. This classic car is one of the early... More
+$76,500
+1942 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+St. Louis, MO
+Edsel Ford was the only son of Henry Ford but the two men could not have been more different. Edsel Ford was worldly gifted... More
+Advertiser since 1990
+$55,000
+1960 Lincoln Continental Mark V
+Lock Haven, PA
+Please note...this vehicle is located in the Buffalo, New York area. The 1958 to 1960 versions of the Continental were top of the line Lincoln... More
+$14,995
+1978 Lincoln Continental Hard Top
+La Vergne, TN
+For sale in our Nashville showroom is a 1978 Lincoln Continental. This 2-door Lincoln is a real land yacht and is ready for a... More
+$26,950
+1966 Lincoln Continental Sedan
+Las Vegas, NV
+This 1966 Lincoln Continental Custom 4dr features a V8 8cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 4 Speed Automatic transmission. The vehicle is... More
+$75,000
+1965 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+Los Angeles, CA
+1965 Lincoln Continental convertible - one of the nicest ones in existence Location: Los Angeles, California VIN: 5Y86N402911 Mileage: 92,800 Transmission: Twin Range Turbo-Drive automatic Condition: Excellent Exterior: Arctic White... More
+$9,425
+1979 Lincoln Continental
+Calhoun, GA
+Vehicle is in excellent condition. New 400 cubic inch V8, fresh paint, new headliner, carpet and vinyl top. This car is the last if the... More
+$8,995
+1983 Lincoln Continental Hardtop
+Alpharetta, GA
+For sale in our Atlanta showroom is a cool easy cruising 1983 Lincoln Continental Mark VI. This 2-door Lincoln is a real land yacht... More
+$37,500
+1948 Lincoln Continental
+Boerne, TX
+Beautifully refurbished, including engine, paint and chrome. Original V-12 flat head engine. Original owner’s manual, plus complete maintenance and repair manuals with many spare... More
+$28,500
+1965 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+Beverly Hills, CA
+1965 Lincoln Continental Convertible '65 Lincoln Continental Convertible in light olive green with olive green interior. Stunning color combination. Comes equipped with an automatic transmission,... More
+Advertiser since 2009
+$12,999
+1977 Lincoln Continental Coupe
+Punta Gorda, FL
+
+$16,500
+1979 Lincoln Continental Mark V
+Knoxville, TN
+Equipped with all the 1979 power options. A/C, factory installed CB Radio, 8-Track Player with an assortment of tapes. Factory alloy wheels. Suitable for dealer... More
+$41,900
+1959 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+Mundele
+$3,200
+1969 Lincoln Continental Mark 3
+New tripoli, PA
+My brother and I purchased this lincoln about 2 years ago, and haven't had the time to invest in it since then. It ran... More
+$24,900
+1966 Lincoln Continental
+Thousand Oaks, CA
+Here is a really cool customized 66 Lincoln Roadster. This one of a kind vehicle has custom green/black paint with hand finished pinstriping by... More
+Advertiser since 2007
+$33,563
+$38,500
+1967 Lincoln Continental Convertible
+Westfield, NJ
+This is a 90% original 59,000 mile car. Air cond., pwr seats, pwr vent windows, pwr antenna. Orig. paint and int. Orig. 462 motor and trans.... More
+$11,000
+1977 Lincoln Continental 460 cu (7.5 L)
+East Northport, NY
+77 LINCOLN CONTINENTAL, 23,500 MILES, SUPER GREAT CONDITION, A COMFORTABLE ROAD CRUISER! This low mileage Jade Green Lincoln Continental beauty is exceptionally nice inside and... More
+$11,500
+1966 Lincoln Continental (3) Cars- (1) 4 door Sedan and (2) Convertibles
+Evanston, WY
+We have three 1966 Lincoln Continental's, One convertible is a driver and runs, good restorer, the other convertible needs some work to run and... More
+$125,000
+1940 Lincoln Continental
+$2,500
+1988 Lincoln Continental
+Newberg, OR
+1988 Lincoln Towncar. 4 Door V8, with only 90k miles. Gray paint, maroon top and gray clothe interior. The car has been sitting in... More
+$35,000
+1962 Lincoln Continental
+Seattle, WA
+Lincoln 1962 Continental suicide door hardtop. Factory survivor. 50,000 original miles w/original factory window sticker, sultana white w/ orignal factory red leather in excellent... More
+$44,975
+1963 Lincoln Continental 4 Dr. Convertible
+Sioux Falls, SD
+1963 Lincoln 'Continental' Convertible restoration done in factory Bermuda Blue original factory color ( 1 refinish). The matching Med. Blue interior is also beautiful....
+Emmerich,
+$14,900
+1979 Lincoln Continental Collectors Series
+Alsip, IL
+The Limited Edition Collectors Series Lincoln Continental Was Created To Epitomize And Commemorate The Elegant “Era Of The Traditional Lincoln”. AMERICAN LUXURY AT IT'S FINEST,... More
+These 3
+"So, now, faith, hope, and love remain, these three; and, of them, love is the greatest."
+These gracious words, form a trinity, appear at the end of the "love chapter" in the Bible (1 Corinthians 13).
+They also form the 3 cardinal virtues. And they make their home in us as the fruit, or expression of the life and presence of the Holy Spirit in us.
+These three also constitute three aspects of our ministry. How could they not?
+We should think of these three as being the source of all ministry, as well as its expression. We can directly correlate the presence, or absence, of these three, to the measure of spiritual life in a follower of Christ. By extrapolation, we can also correlate the spiritual vitality and state of a local church to the degree to which these3 things are present, and abide.
+As our churches are facing tremendous challenges today, from a pandemic, as well as the regulations, restrictions on meeting, and the economic fallout of both, we want to come alongside of you, and your church, and walk with you as a partner, and at times, a coach. But above all, a friend, and fellow disciple of Jesus.
+So, you may be thinking, "how do we do that?"
+Again, in keeping with the power of a trinity, we offer 3 services to help you in this time of what is perhaps the church's greatest challenge in nearly a century. (More details on specifics later.) I will focus on 3 areas of great need, as well as tremendous opportunity for disciples and churches. Then we will juxtapose the 3 greatest things in the world upon them: faith, hope, and love. You will see the power in them to meet every need that the church faces.
+The three areas where we believe we can help you are also three pages on this website. You will find on each instruction, inspiration, along with insight into the unique challenges disciples and churches face in these challenging times. Our prayer and our passion is for you and your church to live in the fullness of God has for you. Below you will find a snapshot of each area, followed by a link to a page where you will find much more help, inspiration and coaching.
+The 3 Areas are:
+Prayer Coaching
+Disciple Coaching
+Church Coaching
+faith - hope - love
+Prayer Coaching
+I think you will agree with us that prayer is at the very core of christian experience. We begin our lifelong journey with Christ, our Savior, when we respond to Him. Romans 10 defines that Holy Spirit led response. It can be thought of in terms of 'prayer'.
+To be a Christian without prayer is no more possible than to be alive without breathing. ~Martin Luther
+Yet, we find that only 6% of christians say they pray enough. With all of the tremendous statements, claims, and promises about prayer in the Bible, little wonder we somehow feel we are missing out. To this end you will find numerous resources to help you grow in prayer. Sometimes 'faith' just needs to hear what is possible. One cannot pray without hope, real hope, for the answer. And there will be no real heartfelt intercession for others without the Love of Christ "shed abroad in our heart".
+Many churches today are struggling to survive. 20 churches per day were closing, pre-Covid. Researchers tell us 20% of churches will close for good over the next 18 months. One of the great antidotes for that is united prayer. We have found the most evangelistic churches to be thriving, not just surviving in these times. And these churches have a commitment to united prayer.
+We can partner with your church to help. We coach you in igniting a prayer movement in your local church. Many churches now have a prayer ministry. A prayer movement is different, though. In a prayer ministry, people come to the prayer specialist to pray for them. In a prayer movement, everyone prays.
+Ask, and you will receive. Matthew 7:7
+He who asks, receives. 7:8
+"Asking is God's ordained way of receiving." ~Andrew Murray
+Please help yourself to all of our prayer resources, books, eBooks, audio books, etc. And, if we can come alongside your church, and help lead them into a united prayer movement, simple connect with us via email, phone, etc. This time we are experiencing is the perfect time to coach your church into becoming "a house of prayer."
+Continue on to our Prayer Coaching page
+You will find resources to empower your personal prayer life, and to elevate the united prayer in your local church. There are many classics of the faith to inspire you. There are new strategies and testimonies to guide you.
+******************
+Check our store for some classic christian writings, and for new ones as well.
+(All proceeds from this site go to support our missions to the unreached peoples of the world.
+You can read more on our About Us page.)
+Church Coaching
+Why you may want to assess church coaching. You, as a church leader, know very well the challenges you face today. Still, you may want to meet with a church coach, who has the resources and research to help you with what may be ahead. No one knows exactly what is going to happen, or the very best course of action. But we can help you understand the times better, the possibility of even greater need and challenges ahead. And, at the same time, we want to equip you to not only survive, but to thrive in this new and uncertain environment we find ourselves in.
+We will not dwell longer than needed on the negative aspects of these new challenges. But you know they are there, and you need to be aware of what perilous times we are navigating. After this list, we will show you how to address each. We will give you examples of churches who have thrived, and how they did it. There are specific actions and attitudes that mark thriving churches. First, here are some of the dire circumstances our churches face.
+- 20 churches were closing daily, pre-Covid
+- 20% of churches will likely close in the next 18 months
+- Less than 3% of churches have returned to pre-Covid attendance levels - even virtually
+- 20% of your pre-Covid attendees will never return
+- Giving is tailing off as attendance drops
+- Pastoral dropout is increasing
+- Church leaders suffer from "decision fatigue"
+- Everything if fluid, how to hold church, classes, et al
+- 65 - 90% of churches needed some type of revitalization before Covid
+- Every challenge you faced before has been exacerbated by Covid
+It would be beneficial to you, as a church leader, to have a partner to walk through this minefield with. Often, that alone makes all the difference.
+If you decide you would benefit from partnering with a church coach, we are there for you with trained, certified church coaches. We have work with our partners to glean the make the best research available to you, so you have the best foundation for your course of action you will follow. We make all of our resources available to you and your church at no cost to you. You will find some of the best experts in the fields of prayer coaching, discipleship coaching, and church coaching.
+Some of the actions and attitudes you can take to not only weather the storm, but to grow during it are:
++ The most evangelistic churches are thriving
++ These churches have a commitment to united prayer
++ You can grow during this time, while others shrink
++ You must make a strong, real, commitment to prayer
++ You must make a strong commitment to having the members share their faith
++ You must make it an urgent priority to make disciples
+We are here to help you in every way we can. Again, all of our resources are made available to you free of charge. We wish to come alongside of and bless the bride of Christ. See more on our Church Coaching & Resources page.
+Yes, this is where we took our name.
+these 3 - faith, hope, and love
+In the most famous book in the world, one of the most famous chapters is 1 Corinthians 13- the LOVE chapter. "Now abide these 3 faith, hope and love."
+Disciple Coaching
+A disciple is a learner, a student. One would think that it is self evident, that when we set out to learn of Christ, that learning will never end. Christ is omniscient, possesses all knowledge. We do not. So the disciple process is like a street that never ends.
+"All authority has been given to Me on heaven and earth. Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations, teaching them whatsoever I have commanded." Matthew 28:18, 19
+I actually misquoted the Great Commission just now. Can you find what is missing? This is how most of our churches practice the command. They teach all that Jesus has said. But what He commanded was not just teaching what he said, bu to train disciples by "teaching them to observe/obey whatsoever I have commanded."
+There is a difference, and it is not subtle. At East West Ministries we have shared the gospel with 200 million people in the spiritually darkest places on earth. We have discipled 20 million followers of Christ. The Lord has given us an amazing plan based on this same Great Commission. You can find resources to train yourself to be an effective disciple maker- begin with yourself.
+Or, you can contact me through this website and we would love to train your church leaders and staff into becoming disciple making disciples. Just make your way over to our Disciple Coaching page to learn more.
+The Practice of the Presence of God
+Brother Andrew's 17th century classic, now updated for the modern reader. It is short, its simple, and it is profoundly heart warming. In very simple terms Brother Andrews leads us successively into a more and more full experience of the presence of God. He helps us understand what hinders us in growing in it. And he leads us, in grace, deeper yet.
+As Hudson Taylor often quoted, as in Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret, By Howard Taylor:
+"The Lord Jesus received is holiness begun; the Lord Jesus cherished is holiness advancing; the Lord Jesus counted upon as never absent would be holiness complete..."
+Find Brother Andrew's, The Practice of the Presence of God, in our store. All proceeds from this site go to missions to reach the unreached peoples of the world with the good news of Jesus Christ.
+By Ray Hill
+Nathan Lynn Bachman, Tennessee’s junior United States senator, had every reason in the world to be content; he had easily been reelected to his first six-year term in November of 1936. Bachman was also one of the most personally popular members of the United States Senate with his colleagues and his company was much sought after, as he was renowned for being perhaps the best raconteur in Congress. Senator Bachman had a seemingly endless supply of stories and jokes with which he could entertain listeners. Having been an athlete throughout his college career, Bachman remained a sports enthusiast for his entire life and Vice President John Nance Garner of Texas almost always invited the Tennessee senator to accompany him to sporting events in the nation’s Capitol. Senator Bachman left his office on the evening of April 23, 1937 to return to his apartment in one of Washington’s better hotels. Mrs. Bachman, the former Pearl Duke of the famous North Carolina tobacco family, was on her way to their home in Chattanooga, which rested upon Walden’s Ridge on Signal Mountain. Sometime during the evening of April 23, Nathan Bachman fell over dead from a heart attack. Members of the senator’s staff sadly notified Mrs. Bachman of her husband’s passing.
+When Nathan Bachman’s heart stopped beating, his sudden and unexpected death ignited a flame that would soon become a full-scale conflagration that burned all across the State of Tennessee. While Tennessee’s politics could frequently be tempestuous, the 1938 Democratic primary was one of the bitterest fights in Volunteer State history. It was a fight waged by the two factions of the Tennessee Democratic Party; on one side was Tennessee’s senior United States senator, Kenneth D. McKellar and his personal friend and political partner, E. H. Crump, leader of the Shelby County political machine. The other faction was headed by Governor Gordon Browning, just elected to a two-year term as chief executive. Browning had been elected with an enormous majority over the open opposition of Senator McKellar and with the support and endorsement of Mr. Crump. With McKellar and Crump having taken different sides in the 1936 gubernatorial primary, opponents hoped the break between the two men would be permanent, a notion both the senator and Mr. Crump dismissed.
+Gordon Browning had been a Congressman for twelve years before running for the U. S. Senate in 1934 against Nathan Bachman, who had been appointed when Cordell Hull had resigned to become President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Secretary of State. Browning, who hailed from Huntingdon in West Tennessee had first considered running against K. D. McKellar in 1934. McKellar had been in Congress since 1911 and was Tennessee’s first United States senator ever to be popularly elected by the people. Gordon Browning had dropped the idea of challenging the formidable McKellar when he could not garner the support of a single influential individual. Still ambitious to serve in the Senate, Browning had instead run against Bachman. Browning had run a credible race and although he lost, immediately began running for governor in 1936.
+McKellar suspected if Browning were elected governor in 1936, he would seek reelection in 1938 and then run against him for the Senate in 1940. Senator McKellar did all he could to derail Browning’s nomination and was stunned when E. H. Crump announced his support for Browning. The Memphis Boss and Senator McKellar had several disagreements in the early 1930s; Crump had been critical of McKellar’s older brother, Clint, being appointed Postmaster of Memphis. Clint McKellar had served as Assistant Postmaster of Memphis for over a decade and only received the promotion when the incumbent had died. Senator McKellar insisted his brother deserved the appointment and ignored Crump’s objections. McKellar had also not appreciated Crump having unceremoniously dumped Congressman Hubert Fisher from the ticket in 1930. Fisher had succeeded McKellar in Congress in 1916 and had been U. S. Attorney for the Western District by virtue of an appointment secured through McKellar. Fisher was increasingly deaf and when Crump decided to go to Congress, there was nothing the Congressman could do, save to retire gracefully.
+Crump had served two terms in Congress and found Washington, D. C. to be very different from Memphis and Shelby County. E. H. Crump discovered that he was but one of many Congressmen, while K. D. McKellar was one of the more powerful members of the United States Senate. McKellar possessed enormous prestige and power, while Crump exercised little or no influence in the Capitol. Crump missed his family and did not especially enjoy serving in Congress and retired in 1934 and returned to his Memphis domain.
+Some speculated Crump perceived Gordon Browning would win the nomination for governor in 1936 whether he had the support of Shelby County or not, while others believed Crump wanted to remind McKellar it was he who ruled in Memphis. McKellar’s candidate for governor, Burgin Dossett, was humiliated in Shelby County while Browning received a tremendous majority, much to Senator McKellar’s dismay. Journalists gleefully reported even in Senator McKellar’s home precinct, his gubernatorial candidate received a pitiful vote, buried beneath a Browning landslide.
+The death of Nathan Bachman gave Governor Gordon Browning the power to appoint Bachman’s successor until the next regular election. There was no dearth of candidates for the appointment and Browning was deluged with advice from prospective senators as well as their supporters. Bachman’s funeral became a political event as members of the United States Senate took the train to Chattanooga to pay their respects to their fallen colleague. Just about every politician and would-be politician in the State of Tennessee was there as well. Bachman was not even in his grave before the speculation as to who his successor would be was rampant. The Chattanooga News snidely observed the scene was less a funeral than a three-day senatorial convention.
+Browning had not abandoned his senatorial ambitions and he would not be the first governor to abruptly resign to allow his successor to appoint him to the vacancy. Browning had likely already considered the political consequences of such an action and concluded it might well end his career. Browning quickly publicly announced he would not resign so that he could be appointed to the late Nathan Bachman’s seat.
+Before leaving for Senator Bachman’s funeral, Governor Browning had received a telephone call from Charles West, a former Congressman from Ohio and an under Secretary of the Interior. West told Browning that President Roosevelt wished to see him before the governor named a replacement for Nathan Bachman. Browning was due to be in Washington, D. C. just after the Bachman funeral for a conference and the governor readily agreed to stop by the White House. After attending the services for Senator Bachman, Browning boarded a train for Washington, D. C. and discovered one of his traveling companions was Congressman Sam D. McReynolds. McReynolds had been elected to Congress the same year as Browning, 1922, and through seniority had risen to be Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee. Despite his influence in the House, McReynolds was one of many who coveted Bachman’s seat in the Senate.
+Even after getting away from Congressman McReynolds, Governor Browning found no respite from those wanting to talk about the senatorial appointment. As Browning hurried to his hotel, one persistent caller almost ripped the governor’s coat from his body. Browning went to the White House for his meeting with President Roosevelt, but was kept waiting for more than two and a half hours in the outer office.
+Neither President Roosevelt nor Governor Browning ever revealed the substance of their conversation and the normally loquacious Browning refused to tell inquiring reporters what had been said. Reporters surmised FDR wanted to be certain whomever Browning appointed to the Senate would be supportive of his plan to reorganize the United States Supreme Court. Senator Bachman, a former Justice of the Tennessee Supreme Court, had taken no public stand on FDR’s “court packing” plan, but had privately expressed serious reservations.
+FDR later did say that he had not told Browning whom to appoint, but rather whom not to appoint to the senatorial vacancy. At best, it was an enigmatic statement, but likely had to do with another senatorial aspirant, Cordell Hull.
+Hull enjoyed the prestige of being Secretary of State, but quickly discovered Roosevelt paid little attention to his views. The President was notorious for conducting his own foreign policy without regard for Hull’s opinion.
+Cordell Hull possessed a powerful Tennessee temper and despite Senator McKellar’s reputation as a feudist and being vindictive, Cordell Hull himself could be coldly unforgiving and knew precisely how to slide a blade between the ribs of an unsuspecting opponent. When Raymond Moley, a Columbia University professor and original member of FDR’s “brain trust” had been forced upon Hull as an Assistant Secretary of State, the Tennessean was unhappy. When Moley began issuing pronouncements from an economic conference in London without consulting Hull, unhappiness turned to rage. Secretary Hull immediately demanded that President Roosevelt repudiate Moley’s statements. FDR, full well understanding the need to appease Hull and keep him in the Cabinet, shocked Moley by doing as Hull demanded. Moley’s career in the government was effectively finished and he would go on to become a severe critic of both Roosevelt and the New Deal.
+Cordell Hull still commanded enormous respect and prestige as Secretary of State, even if he wielded little real influence. While President Roosevelt treated him kindly, Hull knew all too well FDR had little respect for his views on foreign policy. Hull began toying with the idea of resigning from the Cabinet and returning to Tennessee where he remained highly popular. Apparently Hull even considered running against Nathan Bachman in 1936. Judge James Gardenhire, an intimate friend of Hull’s, kept the Secretary apprised of political developments in Tennessee and Hull himself visited Senator McKellar to ascertain McKellar’s view on Hull running for the U. S. Senate.
+Governor Gordon Browning had met with Hull during his visit to Washington and while the subject of their conversation has never been made public, the topic of conversation surely had to touch upon the senatorial appointment.
+Browning, tired of being pursued by those interested in the senatorial vacancy, canceled his plans to attend a conference in the Capitol and boarded a train bound for Tennessee.
+For the first time in 2004, Ferrari failed to finish a session top of the timesheets. Find out what all the drivers made of their first day's work at Sepang.
+Kimi Raikkonen, McLaren (1st, 1m 34.395s):
+"A productive practice session, and of course it's pleasing to be fastest, but it's still early days. We went through our tyre evaluation programme, and the car feels good and is handling well, but we will see what happens tomorrow. It's definitely too early to say how much we have improved since Melbourne, but I'm looking forward to the rest of the weekend."
+Ralf Schumacher, Williams (2nd, 1m 34.693s):
+I have to say that I am very happy with the car. We focused on our homework intensely and have completed our programme without too many problems. This fact makes me very confident for tomorrows Qualifying. We are still discussing about what our tyre choice will be, but I am sure well find a good solution.
+Mark Webber, Jaguar (3rd, 1m 35.054s):
+I've had a good day here and despite the very hot humid conditions I am enjoying being out on track and seeing what we can do. The team have done a really good job in preparing the car and this is making it easier for me to get the most from the R5. Versus where we were last year when we were here with the R4, there is really no comparison. I spent most of today working on tyres and also set-up. The track is actually quite bumpy so its quite hard going on the car and as we could see there was a lot of people spending time off-track too!
+Michael Schumacher, Ferrari (4th, 1m 35.094s):
+It was an interesting Friday session, we did all the work we wanted to do. The car seems to be working well and I am quite happy with its balance, but there is still room for improvement. It certainly seems to be a step forward from what we have seen in the past here. But the signs are that it will be a tight competition tomorrow.
+Juan Pablo Montoya, Williams (5th, 1m 35.100s):
+Theres still room for improvement. I know theres more to come in the car than what I could show today, so its just a matter of exploiting my FW26 at its best. I had some grip problems, so not ideal conditions for setting a fast time however, I am confident we can improve for tomorrows Qualifying.
+Jarno Trulli, Renault (6th, 1m 35.115s):
+We ran a big programme today, particularly in terms of the set-up and the tyres. The first positive to draw from the day is that we had no problems at all, the second that we are not far from the quickest cars on the timesheet. We still need to work on the general grip level as well as the handling, but we can nevertheless be pleased with the progress we made today.
+Felipe Massa, Sauber (7th, 1m 35.288s):
+"This morning my car was so nervous at high speed that it was incredibly difficult to drive. That's why I went into the gravel at one stage. We changed the set-up completely for this afternoon and immediately it was much better. The track was getting better all through and we did our tyre comparison without any problem, so I'm pretty happy with things so far. We can still work on the set-up, but we have made a reasonable start to the weekend."
+Fernando Alonso, Renault (8th, 1m 35.300s):
+The main job today was to do the tyres, and we have completed a good amount of work on this point. The car seems quite sensitive to changes in temperature, with the handling altering significantly according to the weather conditions, and we still have a fair amount of work to do in order to get the set-up right.
+David Coulthard, McLaren (9th, 1m 35.301s):
+"A reasonable practice today showing that we are in better shape than a few weeks ago. I had a small problem which caused me to struggle with the accelerator pedal, so I was unable to go for fast times. However, where we really are performance wise we will only find out tomorrow and Sunday."
+Rubens Barrichello, Ferrari (10th, 1m 35.373s):
+We had a bigger advantage over the others in the morning session, but I am not concerned about our performance this afternoon, as we ran the whole time in race configuration and we can be happy with our work. I think we still have the edge over our rivals.
+Jenson Button, BAR (11th, 1m 35.407s):
+"We were able to complete our planned programme with my car, but I've struggled with to get a good balance for most of the day and we haven't been able to get on top of it yet. There is more to come from the car, we just have a lot of work to do in order to find it. We'll be spending the evening examining the data and trying to get to grips with the problem ahead of tomorrow."
+Olivier Panis, Toyota (12th, 1m 35.524s):
+"For me, it has been a highly positive Friday in Malaysia. Compared to the last race in Melbourne it feels like a different world. I am very impressed with the job the team has done to put new aerodynamic parts on the car and to make improvements at such an early stage of the season. The grip level has also improved as a result of the new aero parts and the good choice of tyres from Michelin. Now we have to continue to set up the car with the new parts we have, but things are looking quite positive for the weekend."
+Ricardo Zonta, Toyota (13th, 1m 35.850s):
+"I think we have found a good choice of Michelin tyre for this weekend. We tried both of the compounds and quickly found a fast, but consistent tyre. My lap time was also encouraging. With the last set, I was about 5-tenths quicker than my previous best lap, but then I hit traffic at the exit of turn 11 exit, which lost me time. Nevertheless, I am pleased with my second race weekend of driving the third car in Friday practice. I think the team and my crew worked extremely well and things appear to be going in the right direction."
+Christian Klien, Jaguar (14th, 1m 35.996s):
+Again this was another new circuit for me so this makes it more difficult for me to spend time working on the set-up and balance. I spent most of this morning working on circuit familiarisation and it is quite a hard track. There are some fast corners and I was doing my best to stay out of the gravel. This afternoon I spent more time working on tyres so I can discuss my option for the rest of the weekend, although Bjorn really helps out here. The conditions here are very hot and even with my training in Langkawi this is certainly more intense than Melbourne.
+Takuma Sato, BAR (15th, 1m 36.292s):
+"I had a problem with the brakes which compromised my running and I ended the day having completed only 10 laps, which is quite disappointing. We have a lot of work to do this evening and a lot of laps to do tomorrow morning in preparation for qualifying. Generally, a tough day."
+Giancarlo Fisichella, Sauber (16th, 1m 36.353s):
+"The balance of my car was getting better on the long runs this afternoon, but we still have to improve over short distances. We were changing things all the way through the second session, which helped, but there is a lot of work still to do before qualifying."
+Anthony Davidson, BAR (17th, 1m 36.708s):
+"I've really enjoyed my first taste of the Sepang circuit, despite these being the hottest conditions I've ever competed in. It's one of the most technical tracks on the calendar but I got to grips with it pretty quickly. It's a lot of fun to drive with some great late apex corners. I had a very positive morning focusing mainly on short runs to find the performance over one lap. The car felt good so I was pleased to end the session in third place. This afternoon, I was five laps into a longer run when an engine problem stopped me out on track. It's very disappointing because that run would have provided us with much-needed tyre information to help us with our selection for tomorrow."
+Bjorn Wirdheim, Jaguar (18th, 1m 36.883s):
+I have enjoyed today and although this was my first time at the track I got to know it pretty well in the first session as I really had to get on with the job of testing the tyres and set-up. Unfortunately my car came to a stop at the end of session two and I believe this may have been a sensor problem, although the team are working on this just now.
+Cristiano da Matta, Toyota (19th, 1m 36.907s):
+"There is nothing much to say really. We again opted to run just a handful of laps in the first session, but shortly into the second session I went off after entering turn 14 a bit too fast. It was completely the wrong time to make a mistake like that because I lost the remainder of the hour. I now have to rely on the information and data that Olivier and Ricardo gathered today."
+Nick Heidfeld, Jordan (20th, 1m 37.725s):>
+Its positive that we had no technical problems today and did the planned amount of laps. However, the car is quite difficult to drive and we are struggling to find a good balance. We were hoping for some different tyres this weekend however Bridgestone are working hard to achieve this for us at the next race. We will look at the data now.
+Gianmaria Bruni, Minardi (21st, 1m 37.818s):
+"It has been a good day, and even though we had a small technical problem this morning, it was solved quickly. I'm happy with the work we did today, and also with my lap times, which were reasonably consistent. I made a few little mistakes on my quickest lap and I know for sure we can improve on that time tomorrow."
+Zsolt Baumgartner, Minardi (22nd, 1m 38.588s):
+"I was reasonably happy with my time at the end of that last session. I was also pleased that I didn't make any serious mistakes and there were no technical problems, which meant we were able to run through our full programme for today. I learned the circuit quickly, and in the course of the sessions, we were able to find a good tyre compound, although we still need to get just a little better balance between the front and rear of the car. We'll work on that for the race. The latest tyres from Bridgestone are very good, and I hope we will have a strong qualifying session tomorrow."
+Timo Glock, Jordan (23rd, 1m 38.796s):
+It is unbelievably hot! I had a productive test, finding good set-up variations for the different tyres. It was really good for me to drive in both sessions to the end, finding data for the race and qualifying. My engineer Olly (Oliver Knighton) did a good job and the car was quite positive in the programme we worked on.
+Giorgio Pantano, Jordan (24th, 1m 39.324s):
+I have to say Im not happy about today. We need to understand whats happening because I dont feel good with the car at the moment - whether its me or the car I dont know yet so we will look into everything and try and make sure we can be better tomorrow.
+Bas Leinders, Minardi (25th, 1m 41.485s):
+"My first day of testing with the team has been a very positive experience. I'm very satisfied with the way things went, especially since I had to learn everything today - the track, the car, the tyres. I started off gradually and just worked on picking up a bit more time each lap. It was also good to be able to get to work quickly and start assisting the team to develop the car. We tried some new parts, which seemed to provide an improvement, and these should eventually find their way on to the race cars. I'm happy to have been able to help with this work, and I want to thank the team for making me feel very welcome today and helping me to settle in quickly."
+Friday practice - selected driver quotes 19 Mar 2004
+For the first time in 2004, Ferrari failed to finish a session top of the timesheets. Find out what all the drivers made of their first day's work at Sepang.
+General Conference Bulletin, vol. 2
+STUDIES IN HEBREWS.—NO. 18
+E. J. WAGGONER
+(Tuesday Afternoon, March 2, 1897.). GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.1
+We need to have the whole of this in our minds at one time. Rest has been laid out before us, God’s own rest; think of it. God calls us to enjoy his own rest, just as he gives us his own peace. Let us give diligence therefore to enter into rest. Now somebody with that verse before him, and with his finger on it, will ask, How are we going to do that? how are we going to labor? whose labor is it? how are we going to labor, by which we enter into rest? There is no chance for any question if you look at it; think what it says: “Lest any man fall after the same example of unbelief,“. For we which believe do enter into rest. How do we labor to enter into rest?—Believe. This is the work of God, that ye believe. Faith is the labor that brings rest. Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the Word of God. So what is it upon which we rest, and which gives the rest?—The Word of God. For the word of God is living, powerful, active. Instead of “active,” suppose we take the original Greek word, simply transferred, and not translated. The original word is “energy.” The Word of God is energetic, or, it is energy; that is better. The Word of God is living, and it is energy. This thought is conveyed to us in the connection: Let us give diligence to enter into rest, lest we fall after the example of unbelief, for the Word of God is living, it is energy. Now, what lesson is there in that?—Let the Word work, because there is energy in it. So when we read the Word of God, let us receive it as it is indeed, the Word of God which effectually worketh in them who believe. GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.2
+The farthest away from this truth is when we think we must do the work ourselves, leaving the Word of God out of the question. The next step is supposed to be a wonderful advance; namely, when people think they can take the word and world it themselves. But the word itself works, and our rest is in letting it work in us. GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.3
+You know that Word in Colossians 3:16; “Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom.” It seems to me that that would be a thing that we would jump at, such a prospect as that, expressing, as we so often do, our sense of lack of knowledge. We say that we cannot see, that we do not know what to do; and if we really believe that, it seems to me we would eagerly seize this, let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom. That is though, all wisdom for us if we will let the word dwell in us. Brethren, it seems to some a wonderfully hard saying for one to say, “You do not believe the Word;” but we do not half believe it, because we read the plain statement of what the Word is, how it furnishes all might and all wisdom, that it is self-existing, living, full of energy, works effectively in the one who receives it and lets it be in him; and yet we do not let it work in us, while professing to desire what it offers. Somebody will say, I cannot see how it is going to work out. Of course you cannot see, and you never will see, and you don’t need to see. Let the Word of God dwell in you richly and it will do the work. It is the Word which is to be put into us, implanted in us. The word is a seed for we read, “being born again, not of corruptible seed, but of incorruptible, by the Word of God, which liveth and abideth forever.” But we cannot see how it is going to be done, and therefore we do not believe it. When we meet an infidel, and he will say that he does not believe anything but what he can see, we scout the idea, and yet we do the same thing over and over again. If we can’t see it, of course it can’t be done. Did you ever read in the fourth chapter of Mark, twenty-sixth verse and onward, what the Lord says about the kingdom of God? GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.4
+And he said, So is the kingdom of God, as if a man should cast seed into the ground; and should sleep, and rise night and day. GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.5
+Perfectly content, because he knows exactly how the seed germinates, springs up and bears fruit?—No, it does not say so at all. “And the seed should spring and grow up, he knoweth not how.” Is n’t it wonderful that farmers can sleep nights? They cast the seed into the ground, and they may say, “I can’t see how it’s going to grow.” Of course they can’t, because it is in the ground, and they have no business to see it. It is not for them to see at all. You don’t knew how it is going to be done, and you do not need to know how it is going to be done, because you do not have to do it. God is going to do the work, and is n’t it enough if he knows how? Suppose somebody gives Brother Kilgore a piece of work to do, and I sit down and groan and they because I do not know how to do that work. He has to do the work, and I fret because I don’t know how. Now, we profess to believe that God does the work, but we hold ourselves aloof, because we can’t see how he does the work. What business is it of ours, so long as he does it? He has the work to do, and he has the power to do it. GCB January 1, 1897, page 9.6
+Again: Christ said, “The kingdom of God cometh not with observation: neither shall they say, Lo here! or, lo there? for behold, the kingdom of God is within you.” That is it, the two texts fit together perfectly. The seed is the Word of God, and if put into an individual, if he will let it be there,—if he will not insists upon digging it up,—if it is put there and allowed to remain, it grows, and he does not know how. It is not with observation. He can’t see it. It is an implanted seed, and he is content to let it grow because he has confidence in the germ of life in that seed that it is energetic and will work its way out. There is a mighty power in a peach seed. Put it into the ground, and that seemingly dead kernel will spring up and grow, we do not know how. But God knows how. You know what the Lord says about the man that can’t see, and that is bothering about a thing that is not given him to see. It is the very same question, too, that we have under consideration. Somebody will say “How do the dead rise, and with what body to they come? I don’t understand about that. I can’t see how it is done.” “Thou fool,” he says “bothering about what you do not know anything about.” For you do not have to raise the deal. God gives it a body. “That which thou sowest is not quickened except it die.” “God giveth in a body as it hath pleased him, and to every seed has own body.” So when the seed—the Word—is planted in a person, and he lets it be, simply less it dwell in his flesh, God will give this seed a body. “To every seed its own body.” It will transform the man in accordance with itself. GCB January 1, 1897, page 10.1
+The Word of God is living, energetic, sharper than any two-edged sword; because the sharpest two-edged sword can no more than get in between the joints; but the word of God pierces to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, into ever fiber of the being. There is not a part of the being, there is not an atom so small, but that the Word of God pierces it. Do you believe it? The Word of God is life. It is God’s own life, because the Word is God. You see that we come back to our first lessons, the one lesson that we need, because it contains everything. It is the lesson of God in his works, of his word in his works, for the Word is God. The Word of God is not simply certain printed letters. The Word is living. What we have written here is only a form of the Word—a description of the Word, if you please, an accurate description or picture of it; it tells us what the word is, what it will do and what we may expect of it; but the Word itself is life. It is full of motion and energy, and is sharper than any two-edged sword, because it pierces to the dividing asunder of soul and spirit, joints and marrow, and discerns even the thoughts and intents of the heart. There is nothing that is not manifest in his sight, because all things are naked and open to the eyes of him with whom we have to do. Wherever the living power of God is, there is God, with perception, with energy, with sensitiveness. (You understand what I mean by that word “sensitiveness.” Not that kind of sensitiveness that men have, that gets hurt every time a person looks at them crosswise, but it is full of feeling and perception.) There is not an atom in the living body but there is the Word of God present because that is the life of the body. GCB January 1, 1897, page 10.2
+How does God knew all about us?—He is there on the spot. “We have not an high priest which cannot be reached with the feeling of our infirmities.” Or rather, which cannot have sympathy. That is the Greek word. The word “sympathy” is simply the Greek word transferred, and that is the word which is here used. What does sympathy mean?—It means suffering with. So we have not an high priest which cannot suffer with our infirmities. Leave out the negatives and what do you have?—We have an high priest who can suffer, and who does suffer with our infirmities. The Word of God is present in every place, and is bearing the infirmities of the flesh, because the Word of God was made flesh, and feels and knows all that the flesh bears. Wherever there is life, there is God. GCB January 1, 1897, page 10.3
+Talk about hiding from the Lord. Don’t you see it is an impossibility to hide ourselves from God? “Whither shall I flee from thy presence?” It cannot be done, because wherever you go, “thou art there.” He knows because he feels. Is there anything that God knows by study and research? Does God, by setting himself to investigate a matter, learn something that he never knew before?—O no; that cannot be, because that would argue imperfection on the part of God. It cannot be. He knows it simply because he knows it; because he exists. He knows how we feel because he feels it. That is the only way anybody can know how another feels. You know this. Nobody can sympathize with another in any affliction unless he has passed through that same affliction. That is plain. Only he who has passed through anything can sympathize and suffer with one. Now, Christ suffers with us in our infirmities. The Word knows us, because it is in us. Every weakness of the human body, every infirmity, everything that touches and affects us, everything that causes us pain, whether it is material or physical, every injury, every wound, everything that depresses us, the Lord knows it and feels it, because he is there. If it were not for God’s presence in us, we could not feel anything, because we should have no life. Christ is our life, so that if there is any difference, he feels our pains even more acutely than we do. GCB January 1, 1897, page 10.4
+Is there anything to rejoice over in that thought? Is there any comfort in that? Why, it is all the comfort in the world. Now put with this Isaiah 53:11, and we shall get one grand, comforting thought: “He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied: by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many; for he shall bear their iniquities.” GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.1
+See? By his knowledge you shall justify many, for you shall bear their iniquities. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.2
+(A voice) The German reads, He is bearing their iniquities. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.3
+That is it. Behold, the Lamb of God bears. That is true. He takes sin away, and he takes it away because/he bears the sin of the world. He bears all things. How?—By the word of his power. That word you see, is in us bearing,living, acting, energetic, and it fills it. Everything is clear, open, because he is there, because he fills it, and by his knowledge shall he justify many, for he bears their iniquity. Well, then, you and I can be glad that the Lord knows all about us because of the knowledge by which he justifies us. How does he know?—Because he feels. All right, then; let him bear it. You have it all. Then you are justified, delivered, free. O, there is the comfort of it! GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.4
+O, this opens up so wide a field, so many different things, I just stand in wonder! Which one shall we start out on first from this central station? Why, everything that God has for us, all truth, branches out from this. What line shall we study first? Let us look at the question of religious liberty a moment. It begins right with the individual. There is freedom. What is the bondage?—Sin. You shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. We are set free from what?—From sin. But think that is not all. God is with us, in us, continually bearing our infirmities. You know what Stephen said about the Jews, that “about the space of forty years suffered he their manners in the wilderness.” He literally “suffered” their ways, for all their sins pressed on him. He says, “Thou hast made me to serve with thy sins, thou hast wearied me with thine iniquities. I, even I, am He that blotteth out thy transgressions for mine own sake.” Isaiah 43:24, 25. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.5
+Do you take that in? Do you see that point? Says God, Thou hast worn me out, wearied me, with thine iniquities. Why?—Because it was his life his Word, that bore it; because we piled the sin upon him, and continued to pile it upon him, and would not allow the Word to do that for which it was there all the time; viz., to take away the iniquity: God says, “I, even I, am he that blotteth our thy sin.” What for?—“For mine own sake,”—in order to get rid of all this burden of sin that is piled upon him,—that is what he does it for, because he is weary of it. He says, I will do all that for mine own sake, that I may be clear from it. Doesn’t that give us a firmer hold, stronger ground for confidence and trust and rejoicing, in the Lord? GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.6
+(A voice) Yes. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.7
+Here I am; all my burden of sin is on God, on God’s own life. Now he says, For mine own sake I will blot it out; it wearies me. Notwithstanding that our sins wearied the Lord all these years, he has been with us, patiently enduring it. He did n’t get excited and irritable, and turn about and say, Go away; I will not endure this any longer. Did n’t it stir his mind to have all that done?—Yes. But O, the infinite patience of God! He waited, waited; the long-suffering of God waited, and his long-suffering is salvation. If God had n’t been long-suffering, I could not be saved. But he waited all those long years, waited, waited, waited; and by and by his loving patience got through the thick roll of sin that had been drawn over my eyes, and I consented to let him have his own way. Now can any man who knows the Lord, and how God bears with him,—can he go about trying to regulate others, and set them right?—He cannot; it is impossible. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.8
+(A voice), He is the only man that won’t do that. GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.9
+Certainly. No matter how much a man may claim to believe in religious liberty, if he doesn’t know the freedom that God alone gives, the time will come when he will seek to compel others. This knowledge of God will make us wonderfully charitable with one another. What a renovation it would make in our church work, if every one knew this! What forbearance and kindness, forbearing one another in love, and dealing tenderly with those who are out of the way. That would make a vast difference in the church, make a vast difference in our dealing with those who do not know the Lord and those who in their ignorance are fighting against the Lord. It would make a vast difference in our talking about being persecuted, and others opposing us. We have no opponents. Those who we sometimes think are opposing us are opposing the Lord; opposing the truth. We only need to be patient, and trust. I remember reading a Jewish legend,—it comes from the Talmud, I think,—very striking, even if it be not true, and I do not know any reason why it may not be true, except that it does not seem to be in keeping with the character of Abraham. An old man came to Abraham’s tent one night asking for lodging, and Abraham hospitably took him in; but when something to eat was set before him, he began without recognition of any supreme being. Abraham asked him why he did not give thanks to God. He said he did not recognize God. He worshiped the fire, and did not see any other being to worship; so Abraham, in his zeal for God, thrust him out of the tent. By and by a storm arose, and the Lord came called, “Abraham, where is that old man I sent to you for shelter?”—“O, he worshippeth not thee, and I cast him out.” And the Lord said, “I have endured him for one hundred years; could not you endure him for one night?” GCB January 1, 1897, page 11.10
+When I think of how much the Lord has had to endure from me, and of the wonderful patience he has had, and has still, O, it is so easy to have not only sympathy and patience, but love for those who are ignorant, and who are out of the way. Well, if we learn this lesson, we shall have the key of religious liberty, and everybody has got to learn it if he gets to heaven. I tell you, brethren, this religious liberty is not a side issue that some two or three may have, and they are to carry it on, and we do not know anything about it, because it is too deep for us; brethren, if you do not know anything about it, you will never get into the kingdom of heaven. It is just as deep as the salvation of God, as broad as that, as simple as that. It is the question of life, the life of the Word of God, which is living, energy, and working,—self-working,—it is righteousness. Therefore if the Word is in us, it will work out righteousness. Take the verse before us: Let us therefore hold fast our confession—in your Bibles it is “profession,” but it is confession in the Revised Version, and that is the exact rendering—let us hold fast our confession. What is the confession?—The confession is, that Jesus is come in the flesh. Now let us hold fast the confession of our faith. What is the trouble with us?—It is that we do not hold fast to our confession. If we confess and continue to hold fast the confession,—that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh, that the Word is nigh us, even in our mouth and in our heart, the word of faith which we preach—if we shall confess with our mouth the Lord Jesus, that he is come in our flesh, and shall believe in our heart that God hath raised him from the dead—that he is a living power, we shall be saved. It is simple, is it not? Can you see how it is done? No, we cannot see how it is done, but it is true. It is the mystery of the seed planted, which grows, although you cannot see the life in it. You cannot see any indications of life in it, but it is there. You cannot see how it does grow, when it grows; but it springs up, we know not how. That is the mystery of the Word,—the seed in us. GCB January 1, 1897, page 12.1
+Now when we confess, and then let the Word have free course to be glorified, it does the work; it works us; it manifests itself in good works in our lives. “Not by works done in righteousness which we did ourselves [as we read in the third chapter of Titus], but according to his mercy he saves us, by the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost; which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour. That being justified by grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. This is a faithful saying, and these things I will that thou affirm constantly, that they which believe in God may be careful,”—to do good works?—No; but “that we which believe in God might be careful to keep good works.” These things are profitable. It is not that we should be careful to do good works, but to keep the good works which God gives us, and let the good works work. That is justification by faith; and it is the message itself; it is everything. Now, why will you limit it? How many works will it do? “The man of God may be thoroughly furnished unto all good works”—except the works of the Conference? Will it do these good works in the man too? It is ample for all good works. But have not you all said that the Word of God is good to a certain extent; but then God leaves it to us to work it out? That is a mistake. The Word is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good works; and that is the Word, the inspired Word, the Word breathed in. Christ breathed on his disciples, and said, Receive ye the Holy Ghost; and so he breathes into us the living Word, and we receive it, and believe that it is the living Word, and this new, energetic, and living way, we live by faith just as the body lives by breathing. GCB January 1, 1897, page 12.2
+I will tell you the trouble; when we start out on life of this kind, it means the giving of one’s self to the Word; it means thinking upon the Word, letting the Word itself dominate our thoughts. A good deal easier thing than that is to get together an hour or two, or several hours, and plan how we shall do, and resolve to work those plans, and then we do not have to think any more. It is a good deal easier to think a little once in a while than it is to think all the time, and when the Word abides in us, it will keep us thinking and working,—the Word is active energy; it works. GCB January 1, 1897, page 12.3
+Now there is another line; this works righteousness. It means righteousness then, to us, the law of God working in us, working out its own righteousness in us. And this pertains to temporal as well as eternal things; for godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise not only of the life which now is, but of that which is to come. GCB January 1, 1897, page 13.1
+God himself is personally present in all his works. He himself is the energy that is manifest in all creation. God himself is force, the force that is manifest in all matter. When we went to school and studied heathen philosophy, we learned that matter itself possessed certain properties, did we not?—that force was inherent in matter. That is to say, we learned that matter was God, and God was out of the question. But God himself is force; he is power,—and Jesus Christ is the wisdom of God, and the power of God. Now suppose we recognize the fact that we all live through the life of God, and only by the life of God. In the beginning everything manifested the perfection of God’s life. In the creation, the new creation, everything was good and perfect. God beheld all things, and they were very good. Christ, who descended into the grave, has also ascended, that he might fill all things. That is, to make all things as they were in the beginning; everything to be full of his life. Is everything full of God’s life now?—O, no; men are not. Men have held down the truth—Christ—in unrighteousness. But by recognizing, and yielding to the Spirit, we may be filled with all the perfection of God. God designs to fill us, even in our mortal bodies. Then, when the time comes, the process will be carried a step further, and the bodies be made immortal, and free from corruption. There is but one life, God’s life, and therefore but one law, and that law is the law of life, the law of the Spirit of life, the law of God’s life. It is not a thing he has arbitrarily laid down, but it is simply the result of God’s existence. GCB January 1, 1897, page 13.2
+We talk about natural and moral law. What is the difference? Take, for instance, the plants that grow according to certain laws. We can observe that certain kinds of plants, when uninterfered with, always grow in a certain way, and other plants always conform to a certain law, and we say, These plants grow according to a law! But what law?—The law is God’s life in them, God’s life that chooses for them the place and the thing which is best for them; that which will tend to their most perfect development after their kind. His life in them is called natural law, because nothing more is expected of them than simply to grow. They have not the order of intelligence and accountability that man has. Now man is a higher order of plant. He is a plant of the highest order, a movable plant, which God designed for the very highest position in the universe. The life of God in him, if unhindered and not interfered with, will bring him up to the perfection which God designed for him; he is a moral being,—that is, he has to do with right and wrong, and therefore the life in him works morality, and so it is called the moral law. But what is the difference? It is one law in all, bringing every created thing, from the lowest vegetable up to man, to the perfection which God has planned for it after its kind; bringing the grass to perfection as grass, and bringing the vine,—a higher order of plant with a higher office to serve,—to perfection as a vine; and the oak-tree, still more powerful, to perfection as an oak-tree; and the man to perfection as a man; but one life in it all, one law through it all. But then we do not see the fulness of God’s life manifested in man, because he represses it; therefore, for man’s sake and on man’s account, we do not see the fulness of life in the rest of creation. GCB January 1, 1897, page 13.3
+The curse of God is upon the earth, because of man’s sin. God said, “Because thou hast done this, when thou tillest the earth, it shall not yield its strength to thee.” And because it does not yield its strength, what does it bring forth?—Thorns and thistles. These are not a new creation, not something especially created sin order to be a curse. ‘God did not create sin in order to curse man, but sin is a curse because it represses the life of God, which seeks unhindered circulation. The curse is a repression of it, a perversion of it, a holding of it down. So the curse that came on the earth was simply man’s dominion sympathizing with him. Man had fallen, and the same fall and the same curse passed over onto the earth, and so it does not yield its strength. The fulness of God’s life is not manifest in it. It is in sympathy with man, and because the fulness of God’s life is not manifested, instead of bringing forth a perfect plant, it brings forth a plant with thorns on it. Where there should be fruit or flower, the imperfect, degenerate plant brings forth a thorn. How many of you have actually seen this thing, so that you can illustrate it? How many have seen a plum-tree in a neglected garden, uncultivated and uncared for, that was all covered with thorns? If that tree had been cultivated and cared for, it would not have been covered with thorns, but would have had fruit on it. It is simply degeneration. It does not yield its strength any more. GCB January 1, 1897, page 13.4
+Because of the curse, we do not see anything in its perfection, yet in the inanimate creation, that is, in plants, we find the life of God most perfectly manifested. In the beginning God said, “Behold, I have given you every herb bearing seed ... and every tree, in the which is the fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.” We take the corn and the wheat, and there is life in them. We eat them, and the life that is in them comes into us and becomes our lives. We are built up by the life of God that is in them. The life that was in that growing plant is stored up now in the seed, and when we take it and assimilate it, all the mighty power that was manifested in bringing the seed out of the ground and perfecting it, becomes ours, and may be manifested in us; and if we will only be just as subservient, just as pliable, just as passive in the hands of God as the plant is, then we shall have the perfection of God’s life wrought out in us, even in our poor, mortal bodies. On account of the original sin, the curse is now upon the earth, so that some things have the life of God less fully than others. There is a difference even in plants. Some are now poisonous, whereas in the beginning there was nothing that would cause death. Now for the practical application of this matter,—for the consideration of the relation which the food we eat sustains to our religious life. But the hour has expired, and we must take this up next time. GCB January 1, 1897, page 13.5
+!HAS_WEBDNA_TAGS> Lisa's Deli - Delivery Menu Our Menus Lisa's Deli Delivery Menu • Catering Menu • Lisa's Deli Delivery Menu For pick-up or delivery. Delivery to all of Hoboken & Weehawken, Downtown Jersey City & parts of Union City. To place an order click the link below. Store Hours: Mon. - Fri. 9 am to 9 pm, Sat. & Sun. 9 am to 7 pm Delivery Hours: Mon. - Fri. 11 am to 8:30 pm, Sat. & Sun. 11 am to 6:30 pm Order Online Breakfast Omelettes served with 2 eggs. Western Omelette w/ Ham, Salami on Club or Roll with peppers, cheese & onions. $4.95 Veggie Omelette w/ Peppers, Onions on Club or Roll & brocolli & cheese. $4.95 Ham & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Taylor Ham & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Salami & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Sausage & Egg Club or Roll $3.95 Pepper & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Pepperoni & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Bacon & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Bacon, Egg & Cheese Club or Roll $3.95 Ham, Egg & Cheese Club or Roll $3.95 Egg & Cheese Club or Roll $3.65 Mozzarella or Provolone & Egg Club or Roll $3.65 Spinach or Broccoli & Egg Club or Roll w Shredded Mozzarella $3.95 Hash Browns $1.35 Hash Browns, Eggs & Shredded Mozzarella $3.65 Egg on a Roll $2.95 Grilled Cheese $2.95 Grilled Ham & Cheese Sandwich $3.99 Buttered Roll $.85 Bagel with Cream Cheese $1.95 B.L.T. (Bacon, Lettuce, Tomato) & Mayo on Club $3.95 Turkey & Egg Sandwich on Club or Roll $3.95 Side of Bacon $2.50 Side Orders Salads & Specialties Mushroom Salad Side Order $4.50 Artichoke Salad Side Order $4.50 Tortellini Salad Side Order $4.50 Fresh or Smoked Mozzarella - Approximately 1lb. $10.00 Fresh or Smoked Mozzarella - Approximately 1/2lb. $5.00 Garlic Bread $3.50 Garlic Bread w/Melted Mozzarella $4.50 Garlic Bread w/Mozzarella & Pepperoni $5.50 Grilled Spinach Side Order $3.95 Grilled Broccoli Side Order $3.95 Grilled Broccoli Rabe Side Order with garlic & oil $4.95 Buffalo Wings w/Bleu Cheese Served mild, medium or hot. Small (4), Medium (6)($8.99) or Large (10) ($14.99). $5.99 Soup of the Day Call ***201-795-3212***for soup of the day & place it in special instruction field. Small (8 oz.) or medium (12 oz.) ($2.80) or large (16 oz.) ($3.80) or XL (32 oz.) ($6.99) . $1.85 Mozzarella Salad Side Order Cherry tomato, olive oil & basil. $6.50 Hot Stuffed Peppers w/Proscuitto & Provolone (Shooter) - Ea. $1.25 Hot Stuffed Peppers w/Bread Crumbs - Ea. $1.00 Trio Combo with two chicken fingers, two mozzarella sticks & fries $7.50 Onion Rings $2.95 French Fries $3.00 Fries w/ Cheese $3.95 Fries Parmesan with mozzarella & tomato sauce $4.50 Chicken Fingers Served with honey mustard. Small (4), Medium (6) ($9.99) or Large (10) ($15.99). $6.99 Chicken Fingers & Fries Served with honey mustard. $7.95 Tuna Salad Side Order $4.65 Chicken Salad Side Order $4.65 Seafood Salad Side Order $4.65 Mozzarella Sticks (4) Served with marinara sauce. $5.99 Mozzarella Sticks (6) Served with marinara sauce. $8.99 Mozzarealla Sticks (10) Served with marinara sauce. $14.99 Potato Salad $2.50 Macaroni Salad $2.50 Cole Slaw $2.50 Red Skin Potato Salad $2.50 German Potato Salad $2.50 Roasted Peppers Side Order $4.95 Sundried Tomatoes Side Order $4.95 Meatball w/Tomato Sauce Add two or three for additional charge. $1.50 Sausage w/Sauce Side Order $3.95 Eggplant Rollatini with tomato sauce, mozzarella & grated cheese $3.50 Side of Bacon $2.50 Fish Cake $1.50 Crab Cake $3.00 Fried Shrimp (Priced per piece) $1.50 Large Cape Cod Potato Chips $3.79 Large Kettle Wise Potato Chips $2.99 Medium Wise Kettle Potato Chips $1.59 Small Cape Cod Potato Chips $1.09 Super Burgers Served with lettuce, tomato, onion, mayo, BBQ sauce & ketchup upon request Classic Beef Burger $5.95 Classic Beef Burger w/ Fries $7.95 Classic Turkey Burger $5.95 Classic Turkey Cheese Burger $6.45 Classic Cheese Burger $6.45 Classic Double Cheese Burger on a hero $8.95 Classic Bacon Cheese Burger $7.45 Classic Beef Burger Deluxe with fries & onion rings $7.95 Classic Cheese Burger Deluxe with fries & onion rings $8.45 Classic Double Burger on a club $8.45 Classic Fresh Mozzarella Burger $6.95 Classic Cheddar Cheese Burger $6.95 Classic Egg Burger $6.45 Classic Egg Burger with Cheese $6.95 Italian Beef Burger with Pepper, onions & tomato sauce $6.95 Italian Beef Burger with Provolone with Pepper, onions & tomato sauce $7.45 BBQ Burger with Fried Onions & BBQ Sauce $6.95 Hot Sandwiches or Entrees Served with side of pasta for $1.00 extra Meatball with Tomato Sauce $6.45 Meatball w/Tomato Sauce & Parmigiana $7.45 Grilled Sausage w/Tomato Sauce $6.45 Grilled Sausage w/Tomato Sauce & Parmigiana $7.45 Grilled Sausage w/Peppers & Onions $7.45 Grilled Sausage w/Peppers & Onions & Cheese $7.45 Eggplant with Tomato Sauce $6.45 Eggplant w/Tomato Sauce & Parmigiana $7.45 Hot Roast Beef w Gravy Sandwich $6.45 Hot Roast Beef w Gravy & Mozzarella $7.95 Grilled Roast Beef w/Peppers & Onions Sandwich $7.45 Hot Turkey w Gravy Sandwich $6.45 Hot Turkey w Gravy & Mozzarella $7.95 Grilled Pastrami w/ Mustard & Onions $6.45 Reuben Pastrami w/Melted Swiss Cheese, Mustard & Onions $7.45 Hot Corned Beef w Swiss & Onions with spicy mustard $7.45 Steak Sandwich w/ BBQ Sauce $6.45 Steak with Peppers, Garlic & Onions $7.45 Cheese Steak Sandwich with BBQ Sauce $6.95 Cheese Steak Sandwich with Pepper & Onions $7.95 Philly Steak w/ BBQ Sauce Sandwich $6.45 Philly Steak with Peppers, Onions, Garlic & Oil $7.45 Philly Cheese Steak w/ BBQ Sauce Sandwich $6.95 Philly Cheesesteak Peppers & Onions, Garlic & Oil $7.95 Chicken Cutlet with Tomato Sauce $6.45 Chicken Cutlet w/Tomato Sauce & Parmigiana $7.45 Grilled Chicken with BBQ Sauce with grilled onions & peppers $7.45 Chicken Pepperoni with pepperoni, mozzarella, grilled onions & garlic & oil. $7.95 Chicken Napoleon with roast beef & brown gravy & onions & mozzarella $7.95 Chicken Giordano w/Spinach Garlic & Oil, mozzarella & roasted peppers $7.95 Chicken Marsala with mushroom, mozzarella & prosciutto $7.95 Chicken Florentine with spinach, ham, Swiss & garlic & oil. $7.95 Chicken Saltimbocca with prosciutto, spinach & mozzarella & garlic & oil. $7.95 Chicken Mama Lisa with brocoli, sundried tomatoes, mozzarella $7.95 Chicken w/ Balsamic Sauce with broccoli, mushrooms, onions & shredded mozzalla $7.95 Chicken w/ Teriyaki Sauce with broccoli, mushrooms, onions & shredded mozzarella $7.95 Pasta Dishes Served with homemade tomato sauce unless otherwise indicated. Add chicken, meatballs or sausage. Pasta with Tomato Sauce $6.00 Pasta w/Garlic & Oil & Parsley $6.00 Pasta with Sausage $9.00 Pasta with Meatballs $10.00 Pasta with Eggplant $9.00 Pasta Broccoli with Chicken $10.00 Pasta Broccoli with Sausage $10.00 Pasta with Chicken Cutlet $9.00 Pasta w/Vodka Sauce $9.50 Pasta Arrabiata w/ Broccoli, Hot Peppers & Shredded Mozz $9.50 Pasta with Alfredo Sauce, Mushrooms & Peas $9.50 Lasagna with ricotta, grated cheese & tomato sauce & shredded mozzarella $8.50 Lasagna with Extra Item with choice of meatballs, chicken, sausage or eggplant $11.50 Baked Rigatoni with shredded mozzarella & ricotta $8.50 Baked Rigatoni with Extra Item with choice of meatballs, chicken, sausage or eggplant $11.50 Manicotti with shredded mozzarella $8.50 Stuffed Shells with shredded mozzarella $8.50 White Ravioli with shredded mozzarella $8.50 Pasta Pesto Basil pesto & shredded mozzarella $9.50 Pasta Mama Lisa with broccoli, sun-dried tomatoes, shredded mozzarella, garlic & oil $9.50 Pasta with Broccoli & Shredded Mozzarella with garlic & oil $9.50 Cold Sandwiches Any cold sandwich can be served as a wrap Classic Chicken Sandwich Lettuce, tomatoes, onions, oil & vinegar. $6.45 Classic Chicken with Mozzarella Sandwich $7.95 Chicken Pesto w Basil Pesto Sandwich with arugola, tomatoes & roasted pesto $7.95 Chicken Tuscany with tomato, arugola, prosciutto, shaved parmesan & balsamic. $7.95 Grilled Chicken with Brie Sandwich with arugola, tomato & honey mustard $7.95 Buffalo Chicken w/ Swiss Sandwich with arugula, tomato, red onions & buffalo sauce $7.95 Original Italian Hero Boy with ham, salami, mozzarella, lettuce, tomato, onions, hot or sweet peppers, Italian dressing & oregano & pepperoni. $7.95 Original American Hero Boy with turkey, roast beef, swiss, lettuce, tomato, onions, hot or sweet peppers, pepperoni, mayo or mustard $7.95 Salami Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $5.45 Salami & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $6.95 Salami & Sharp Provolone Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $7.95 Capicollo (Hot or Sweet) Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $6.45 Capicollo (Hot or Sweet) & Fresh Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $7.95 Sopressata (Hot or Sweet) Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, oil & vinegar $6.45 Sopressata (Hot or Sweet) & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $7.95 Prosciutto Classic Sandwich with arugola, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar $6.45 Prosciutto Classic with Mozzarella $7.95 Prosciutto Classic Amore Sandwich with arugola, tomato, brie olive oil $7.95 Smoked Prosciutto & Smoke Mozzarella Sandwich with arugola, red onions, oil & balsamic $7.95 Bresaola (Dry Beef) Sandwich with arugola, shaved parmesan, tomato & balsamic $9.95 Porchetta Sandwich (Italian Roast Pork) with arugola, tomato, swiss, olive oil & balsamic. $7.45 Ham Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar or plain $5.45 Ham & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar or plain $6.95 Ham, Salami & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, oil & vinegar or plain $7.45 Fresh Mozzarella Classic Sandwich with olive oil & vinegar tomato, onions, lettuce & onions & oregano $5.95 Mozzarella Soprano Sandwich with sundried tomatoes, arugola with balsamic & oregano. $7.45 Mozzarella Caprese Sandwich with tomato, arugola, basil pesto, balsamic $7.45 Mozzarella Sorrento with tomato, eggplant, balsamic vinaigrette, arugola. $7.45 Mozzarella Pesto w/ Basil Pesto Sanwich with tomato & arugola & roasted peppers $7.45 Mozzarella Romana Sandwich with artichoke, arugola, tomatoes & balsamic vinaigrette. $7.45 Tuna or Chicken Salad Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions. Add fresh mozzarella for $1.50 extra. $6.00 Seafood Salad Sandwich with lettuce, tomato & onions. Add fresh mozzarella for $1.50 extra. $6.00 Ricotta & Arugola Sandwich with fresh tomato & basil pesto $6.00 Swiss Cheese Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onion, oil & vinegar $6.00 Mild Provolone Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onion, oil & vinegar $6.00 Sharp Provolone Sandwich with arugola, tomato & onion & oil $6.95 Roast Beef Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, & mayo $6.45 Roast Beef & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, mayo $7.95 Turkey Sandwich w/ Lettuce, Tomato with lettuce, tomato, onions, mayo $6.45 Turkey & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions, mayo $7.95 Turkey BLT with Cheddar & Mayo $7.95 Fried Fish Filet Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions & tartar sauce $6.45 Fried Fish Filet & Mozzarella Sandwich with lettuce, tomato, onions & tartar sauce $7.95 Paninis Cubano Panini with roasted pork, Swiss cheese, dijon mustard, lettuce, tomato, onions & pickles & ham. $7.45 Turkey Asiago Panini with arugola or spinach, tomato asiago cheese, olive spread $7.45 Grilled Chicken Caesar Panini with lettuce, tomato, caesar dressing, shaved paremesan cheese $7.45 Roma Veggie Panini with arugola or spinach, mozzarella, artichoke $7.45 Marco Polo Panini with roast beef or turkey, coleslaw, swiss cheese & russian dressing $7.45 Arizona Panini with turkey, cheddar cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, onions & balasmic $7.45 Aurora Veggie Panini with arugola, tomato & mozzarella, eggplant, basil spread $7.45 Wall Street Beef Panini Roast beef, provolone, lettuce, red onion, roasted peppers & russian dressing. $7.45 New York Panini with arugola, breaded chicken, red onions, mozzarella, tomatoes, oil & balsamic $7.45 San Francisco Grilled Chicken Panini with arugola, chicken, fresh mozzarella, & tomato & basil pesto $7.45 Hoboken Panini with ham, mozzarella, lettuce, tomato, onions, salami, oil & vinegar $7.45 Brooklyn Panini with pastrami, Swiss cheese, lettuce, tomato & mustard $7.45 Chicago Panini Roasted Chicken or Buffalo chicken breast, arugola, tomato, onion, mozzarella with balsamic vinaigrette. $7.45 Italian Flag Veggie Panini with arugola, roasted peppers, fresh mozzarella & sundried tomato pesto spread $7.45 Vegan Panini with roasted peppers, arugola, artichoke, sundried tomato pesto & basil pesto. $7.45 Tuscan Panini with arugola, prosciutto, mozzarella or shaved parmesan, tomato, basil pesto $7.45 California Panini with turkey, pepperoni, provolone, lettuce, tomatoes, onions & mayo $7.45 French Panini with turkey, french brie, arugola, tomato, honey mustard $7.45 Spicy Hot Pepper Panini with hot sopresata, hot capicollo, spicy asiago cheese with hot sauce & hot peppers $7.45 Milavo Panini with breaded chicken & melted fontina $7.45 Sinatra Panini with hot sopressota, provolone, arugola, tomatoes, red onions. $7.45 Fontina Panini with prosciutto, arugola, tomatoes, red onions. $7.45 Salad Platters **Our salads are now available medium & large (extra $1.50). Add grilled chicken, fish, burger, tuna, chicken or seafood salad or shrimp for extra charge Lisa's Tossed Salad with lettuce, tomato, red onions, mama lisa's mozzarella, oregano & Italian dressing $3.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad with Grilled or Breaded Chicken $6.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ Tuna, Chicken or Seafood $6.50 Lisa's Chef Salad with ham, salami & provolone $6.50 Caesar Salad $4.50 Greek Salad $4.50 Caprese Salad with fresh mozzarella, tomatoes, roasted red peppers arugola & topped with onions & oil & balsamic. $4.50 Roman Salad with oregano, arugola, tomato, mozzarella, artichoke, onions & balsamic vinaigrette $4.50 Tuscan Salad with tomato, arugola, prosciutto, shave parmesan & pesto $4.50 Tomato Salad with Red Onion with mozzarella, arugola, tomato, oregano & oil $3.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ 3 Fried Shrimp $8.00 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ 1 Crab Cakes $6.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ 2 Fish Cakes $6.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ Hamburger $6.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ Turkey Burger $6.50 Lisa's Tossed Salad w/ Veggie Burger $6.50 Beverages Canned Soda Choose from our selection. $1.00 Bottled Soda (20 oz.) Choose from our selection. $2.00 Bottled Soda (32 oz.) Choose from our selection. $3.00 Bottled Water Choose 16oz., 1 liter or gallon. $1.00 Snapple Choose from our selection. $2.00 Manhattan Coffee Soda Choose 10oz. or 28oz. for add'l $1.99. $2.00 San Pelligrino Water Available small or large for add'l $1.50. $1.50 Iced Coffee or Cappuccinno Choose coffee or cappuccino. $2.50 Gatorade Choose from fruit punch, orange or lemon lime. $2.00 Arizona Choose from our selection. $2.00 Italian Aranciata $1.50 Italian Limonata $1.50 V8 Juice $2.50 Yoo hoo $2.00 Vitamin Water Choose from our selection. $2.00 Red Bull $2.80 Orangina $2.00 Tropicana Juice Choose from our selection. $2.00 Desserts Cannoli (1) $2.50 Rice Pudding $3.00 Cheese Cake $3.99 Carrot Cake $3.99 Tiramisu $4.50 Chocolate Mousse $4.50 Red Velvet Cake $4.50 Crumb Cake $1.50 Limoncello Mascarpone $4.50 Brownie $1.50 Home | Menu | Your Order | Your Account | Help | Contact Us Powered by EDCInteractive.com
+The School Debate
+I would just like to comment on “What’s in a Child?” (Aug. 31), regarding the value of children and home schooling. I am in full support of the home-schooling movement (having home-schooled up to five children at a time myself). I love my children and enjoy just spending time with them. But even as an enthusiastic home-schooler, I used to feel uncomfortable with some of the prideful tones that articles and speakers at home-schooling conferences would take. Yes, very often home-schooled children are quite polite and articulate, and they know their faith well. The families are close and loving. However, to say that this can be found only in home-schooling families is untrue. We all know many faithful families of all sizes where the children attend school but do not fit the stereotypes Mrs. Selmys seems to want to paint these families as. The mothers are caring and loving and are not just counting the days until school starts again. The children are polite and articulate, and they help younger siblings at home. They are not necessarily being chauffeured from one expensive extracurricular activity to another, and they are definitely not “domesticated monkeys.”
+I have always felt that those of us who have been called to home school should not foster an “us against them” mentality. For many families, home schooling is the best choice, and the children thrive. But there is not one fool-proof way to raise bright-eyed, faith-filled children. I have known many home-schooled families where children do things that are supposed to be typical of those (gasp!) school children. In other words, they complain about doing chores, they are impolite to adults, and exhibit bullying tendencies at home-schooling gatherings. I have even known home-schooled teens to rebel against what their parents have tried to teach them. None of this should surprise us — or make us want to throw in the towel. I just believe that a little humility goes a long way.
+How a child ultimately turns out is so much a matter of God’s grace and is such a mystery that it would be foolish to suggest that one method of education (home-based or school) is far superior to another. Raising children for God’s Kingdom is so much more than a certain formula or method. Let us stop drawing lines in the sand that pit home-schoolers against those who send their children to school.
+Ingrid Waclawik
+Arnprior, Ontario
+More Than One Issue
+Donald DeMarco had “A Dream of Obama” (Sept. 14). I had a dream about a Republican president who sent sons and daughters to war. Then another Republican president came along and sent more sons and daughters to war. Many sons and daughters did not come home from the war.
+I awoke from the dream and realized that I wasn’t dreaming. My son, Joe, was one who didn’t come home from the first Republican president’s war.
+I realized — not in a dream — that the upcoming U.S. presidential election is not a one-issue election, as DeMarco implies.
+Joseph P. Nolan
+Waterbury, Connecticut