context: We doubt that John left the milk. We doubt that Julius is white. Chances are about even that Bernhard is yellow.
hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that 'Bernhard is yellow and Julius is white'.
valid_hypothesis: Chances are slight that 'Bernhard is yellow and Julius is white'.
invalid_hypothesis: There is a better than even chance that 'Bernhard is yellow and Julius is white'.
problog: 
    and(A,B) :- A,B.
    or(A,B) :- A;B.
    nand(A,B) :- not(and(A,B)).
    nor(A,B) :- not(or(A,B)).
    xor(A,B) :- or(A,B), nand(A,B).
  
    %hop0
    0.2::factA.
    0.2::factB.
    0.5::factC.
    
  
    %hop2
    conclusion:-and(factC,factB).
  
    query(conclusion).
    
hypothesis_assertion: 'Bernhard is yellow and Julius is white'.