---
tags:
- monai
- medical
library_name: monai
license: apache-2.0
---
# Model Overview
A pre-trained model for volumetric (3D) detection of the lung nodule from CT image.

This model is trained on LUNA16 dataset (https://luna16.grand-challenge.org/Home/), using the RetinaNet (Lin, Tsung-Yi, et al. "Focal loss for dense object detection." ICCV 2017. https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002).

![model workflow](https://developer.download.nvidia.com/assets/Clara/Images/monai_retinanet_detection_workflow.png)

## Data
The dataset we are experimenting in this example is LUNA16 (https://luna16.grand-challenge.org/Home/), which is based on [LIDC-IDRI database](https://wiki.cancerimagingarchive.net/display/Public/LIDC-IDRI) [3,4,5].

LUNA16 is a public dataset of CT lung nodule detection. Using raw CT scans, the goal is to identify locations of possible nodules, and to assign a probability for being a nodule to each location.

Disclaimer: We are not the host of the data. Please make sure to read the requirements and usage policies of the data and give credit to the authors of the dataset! We acknowledge the National Cancer Institute and the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, and their critical role in the creation of the free publicly available LIDC/IDRI Database used in this study.

### 10-fold data splitting
We follow the official 10-fold data splitting from LUNA16 challenge and generate data split json files using the script from [nnDetection](https://github.com/MIC-DKFZ/nnDetection/blob/main/projects/Task016_Luna/scripts/prepare.py).

Please download the resulted json files from https://github.com/Project-MONAI/MONAI-extra-test-data/releases/download/0.8.1/LUNA16_datasplit-20220615T233840Z-001.zip.

In these files, the values of "box" are the ground truth boxes in world coordinate.

### Data resampling
The raw CT images in LUNA16 have various of voxel sizes. The first step is to resample them to the same voxel size.
In this model, we resampled them into 0.703125 x 0.703125 x 1.25 mm.

Please following the instruction in Section 3.1 of https://github.com/Project-MONAI/tutorials/tree/main/detection to do the resampling.

### Data download
The mhd/raw original data can be downloaded from [LUNA16](https://luna16.grand-challenge.org/Home/). The DICOM original data can be downloaded from [LIDC-IDRI database](https://wiki.cancerimagingarchive.net/display/Public/LIDC-IDRI) [3,4,5]. You will need to resample the original data to start training.

Alternatively, we provide [resampled nifti images](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1JozrufA1VIZWJIc5A1EMV3J4CNCYovKK?usp=share_link) and a copy of [original mhd/raw images](https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1-enN4eNEnKmjltevKg3W2V-Aj0nriQWE?usp=share_link) from [LUNA16](https://luna16.grand-challenge.org/Home/) for users to download.

## Training configuration
The training was performed with the following:

- GPU: at least 16GB GPU memory
- Actual Model Input: 192 x 192 x 80
- AMP: True
- Optimizer: Adam
- Learning Rate: 1e-2
- Loss: BCE loss and L1 loss

### Input
1 channel
- List of 3D CT patches

### Output
In Training Mode: A dictionary of classification and box regression loss.

In Evaluation Mode: A list of dictionaries of predicted box, classification label, and classification score.

## Performance
Coco metric is used for evaluating the performance of the model. The pre-trained model was trained and validated on data fold 0. This model achieves a mAP=0.853, mAR=0.994, AP(IoU=0.1)=0.862, AR(IoU=0.1)=1.0.

#### Training Loss
![A graph showing the detection train loss](https://developer.download.nvidia.com/assets/Clara/Images/monai_retinanet_detection_train_loss.png)

#### Validation Accuracy
The validation accuracy in this curve is the mean of mAP, mAR, AP(IoU=0.1), and AR(IoU=0.1) in Coco metric.

![A graph showing the detection val accuracy](https://developer.download.nvidia.com/assets/Clara/Images/monai_retinanet_detection_val_acc.png)

## MONAI Bundle Commands
In addition to the Pythonic APIs, a few command line interfaces (CLI) are provided to interact with the bundle. The CLI supports flexible use cases, such as overriding configs at runtime and predefining arguments in a file.

For more details usage instructions, visit the [MONAI Bundle Configuration Page](https://docs.monai.io/en/latest/config_syntax.html).

#### Execute training:
```
python -m monai.bundle run training --meta_file configs/metadata.json --config_file configs/train.json --logging_file configs/logging.conf
```

#### Override the `train` config to execute evaluation with the trained model:
```
python -m monai.bundle run evaluating --meta_file configs/metadata.json --config_file "['configs/train.json','configs/evaluate.json']" --logging_file configs/logging.conf
```

#### Execute inference on resampled LUNA16 images by setting `"whether_raw_luna16": false` in `inference.json`:
```
python -m monai.bundle run evaluating --meta_file configs/metadata.json --config_file configs/inference.json --logging_file configs/logging.conf
```
With the same command, we can execute inference on original LUNA16 images by setting `"whether_raw_luna16": true` in `inference.json`. Remember to also set `"data_list_file_path": "$@bundle_root + '/LUNA16_datasplit/mhd_original/dataset_fold0.json'"` and change `"dataset_dir"`.

Note that in inference.json, the transform "LoadImaged" in "preprocessing" and "AffineBoxToWorldCoordinated" in "postprocessing" has `"affine_lps_to_ras": true`.
This depends on the input images. LUNA16 needs `"affine_lps_to_ras": true`.
It is possible that your inference dataset should set `"affine_lps_to_ras": false`.

# References
[1] Lin, Tsung-Yi, et al. "Focal loss for dense object detection." ICCV 2017. https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002)

[2] Baumgartner and Jaeger et al. "nnDetection: A self-configuring method for medical object detection." MICCAI 2021. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.00817.pdf

[3] Armato III, S. G., McLennan, G., Bidaut, L., McNitt-Gray, M. F., Meyer, C. R., Reeves, A. P., Zhao, B., Aberle, D. R., Henschke, C. I., Hoffman, E. A., Kazerooni, E. A., MacMahon, H., Van Beek, E. J. R., Yankelevitz, D., Biancardi, A. M., Bland, P. H., Brown, M. S., Engelmann, R. M., Laderach, G. E., Max, D., Pais, R. C. , Qing, D. P. Y. , Roberts, R. Y., Smith, A. R., Starkey, A., Batra, P., Caligiuri, P., Farooqi, A., Gladish, G. W., Jude, C. M., Munden, R. F., Petkovska, I., Quint, L. E., Schwartz, L. H., Sundaram, B., Dodd, L. E., Fenimore, C., Gur, D., Petrick, N., Freymann, J., Kirby, J., Hughes, B., Casteele, A. V., Gupte, S., Sallam, M., Heath, M. D., Kuhn, M. H., Dharaiya, E., Burns, R., Fryd, D. S., Salganicoff, M., Anand, V., Shreter, U., Vastagh, S., Croft, B. Y., Clarke, L. P. (2015). Data From LIDC-IDRI [Data set]. The Cancer Imaging Archive. https://doi.org/10.7937/K9/TCIA.2015.LO9QL9SX

[4] Armato SG 3rd, McLennan G, Bidaut L, McNitt-Gray MF, Meyer CR, Reeves AP, Zhao B, Aberle DR, Henschke CI, Hoffman EA, Kazerooni EA, MacMahon H, Van Beeke EJ, Yankelevitz D, Biancardi AM, Bland PH, Brown MS, Engelmann RM, Laderach GE, Max D, Pais RC, Qing DP, Roberts RY, Smith AR, Starkey A, Batrah P, Caligiuri P, Farooqi A, Gladish GW, Jude CM, Munden RF, Petkovska I, Quint LE, Schwartz LH, Sundaram B, Dodd LE, Fenimore C, Gur D, Petrick N, Freymann J, Kirby J, Hughes B, Casteele AV, Gupte S, Sallamm M, Heath MD, Kuhn MH, Dharaiya E, Burns R, Fryd DS, Salganicoff M, Anand V, Shreter U, Vastagh S, Croft BY.  The Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and Image Database Resource Initiative (IDRI): A completed reference database of lung nodules on CT scans. Medical Physics, 38: 915--931, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3528204

[5] Clark, K., Vendt, B., Smith, K., Freymann, J., Kirby, J., Koppel, P., Moore, S., Phillips, S., Maffitt, D., Pringle, M., Tarbox, L., & Prior, F. (2013). The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA): Maintaining and Operating a Public Information Repository. Journal of Digital Imaging, 26(6), 1045–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-013-9622-7

# License
Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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