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[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/48.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nn-pentane ($C_5H_{12}$ or $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3$) and 2,2-dimethylpropane ($C_5H_{12}$ or $(CH_3)_4C$), shown above as space-filling models, each have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms but the atoms are arranged differently. n-pentane boils at 36.1 °C, and 2,2-dimethylpropane boils at 9.5 °C. Which statement best explains these data?\r\n\r\nA. The long chains of n-pentane make it more difficult for them to reach the liquid surface and vaporize.\r\nB. The long chains of n-pentane provide more sites for London attractive forces for neighboring molecules to have an effect on each other.\r\nC. The compact structure of the 2,2-dimethylpropane directs the attractive forces internally in the molecule.\r\nD. The bonds in the n-pentane are weaker, allowing small parts of the molecule to vaporize easily." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/49.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions of 0.0100 M are prepared, and their pH values are recorded on a laptop computer. One of the solutions contains more than just an acid. At the point designated as \"add,\" all four solutions are diluted with an equal volume of water. The bottom line represents solution 1, and the top line represents solution 4. Which of the four acids is best described as a strong acid?\r\n\r\nA. Solution 1\r\nB. Solution 2\r\nC. Solution 3\r\nD. Solution 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/50.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions of 0.0100 M are prepared, and their pH values are recorded on a laptop computer. One of the solutions contains more than just an acid. At the point designated as \"add,\" all four solutions are diluted with an equal volume of water. The bottom line represents solution 1, and the top line represents solution 4. Which acid(s) will require the most 0.0050 M NaOH to neutralize 25.0 mL of a 0.010 M solution of the acid?\r\n\r\nA. Solution 1\r\nB. Solution 2\r\nC. Solution 3\r\nD. They will all require the same volume of NaOH." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/51.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions are prepared, and their pH values are determined and tabulated below. Using the data in the table above, which is the weakest acid?\r\n\r\nA. Acid 1\r\nB. Acid 2\r\nC. Acid 3\r\nD. Acid 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/52.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions are prepared, and their pH values are determined and tabulated below. Which of the four acids is best described as a strong acid?\r\n\r\nA. Acid 1\r\nB. Acid 2\r\nC. Acid 3\r\nD. Acid 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/53.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions are prepared, and their pH values are determined and tabulated below. Which of the following operations will produce an effective buffer solution?\r\n\r\nA. 50.0 mL of 0.010 M acid 3 mixed with 50.0 mL of 0.010 M acid 2\r\nB. 50.0 mL of 0.010 M acid 2 mixed with 25.0 mL of 0.010 M NaOH\r\nC. 50.0 mL of 0.0050 M acid 4 mixed with 0.25 mL of 0.0050 M NaOH\r\nD. 50.0 mL of 0.0010 M acid 2 mixed with 55.0 mL of 0.0010 M NaOH" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/54.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the following information.\n\nFour different acid solutions are prepared, and their pH values are determined and tabulated below. Each of the acids were titrated with NaOH to the end point. The end point pH values are shown on the last line of the table. The end point pH values\r\n\r\nA. suggest that acid 3 is strong and all the rest are weak\r\nB. suggest that all the acids are weak\r\nC. suggest that acid 1 is most likely polyprotic\r\nD. suggest serious problems with the pH meter" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/55.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe graph above shows the distribution of kinetic energies of a system containing a large number of SO2 molecules at 300 K. Which letter shows the average kinetic energy of this system?\r\n\r\nA. A\r\nB. B\r\nC. C\r\nD. D" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/56.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThree 1-liter flasks are connected to a 3-liter flask by valves. The 3-liter flask is evacuated to start and the entire system is at 585 K. The first flask contains oxygen, the second hydrogen, and the third nitrogen. The pressure of hydrogen is 1.65 atm. The amounts of gas molecules are proportional to their representations in the flasks. If valve 2 is opened first and then the rest of the valves are opened, what will the pressure be after the first valve is opened and after they all are opened? Assume the connections have negligible volume.\n\nValve 2 Opened All Valves Opened\n\nA. 1.0 atm 0.5 atm\nB. 0.41 atm 0.82 atm\nC. 0.81 atm 1.65 atm\nD. 2.0 atm 1.0 atm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/57.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA mass spectrum of a naturally occurring sample of an element is shown above. What is the element?\r\n\r\nA. Ca\r\nB. Ne\r\nC. K\r\nD. Not enough information is provided." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/58.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the titration curve below, which is of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.125 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the above graph. Which of the following describes the base that is being titrated?\r\n\r\nA. The base is dibasic since two end points are observed.\r\nB. The concentration of the base is exactly 0.125 M.\r\nC. The concentration of the base is slightly more than 0.125 M.\r\nD. The concentration of the base is slightly less than 0.125 M." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/59.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the titration curve below, which is of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.125 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the above graph. Between which two points on the titration curve can the solution be described as a buffer?\n\nA. None, it is impossible for a titration solution to also be a buffer solution.\nB. A to F\nC. A to D\nD. D to F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/60.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the titration curve below, which is of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.125 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the above graph. For the best results with a visual indicator (one that changes color), what will optimize the results?\r\n\r\nA. Add the indicator two drops before the end point.\r\nB. Choose an indicator that has a pK that is close to the end point pH.\r\nC. Choose an indicator that has complementary colors.\r\nD. Choose a polyprotic indicator." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/61.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the titration curve below, which is of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.125 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the above graph. If the student uses a pH indicator that changes color from pH 6 to 8, which statement best characterizes the expected observations?\r\n\r\nA. The observed color change will be distinct, and the calculated molarity of the base will be accurate.\r\nB. The color will change slowly, and the end point volume will be low.\r\nC. The color will change slowly, and the calculated molarity of the base will be low.\r\nD. The observed color change will be distinct, but the calculated molarity of the base will be high." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/62.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the titration curve below, which is of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.125 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the above graph. Which arrow points to the place on the curve where pH = pKaof the conjugate acid of the base?\r\n\r\nA. A\r\nB. E\r\nC. C\r\nD. F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/63.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIn the diagram above, which labeled arrow is pointing toward a covalent bond and which is pointing toward a hydrogen bond?\r\n\r\nCovalent Bond Hydrogen Bond\r\n\r\nA. 1 2\r\nB. 2 1\r\nC. 3 4\r\nD. 4 3" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/64.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nMorphine, $C_{17}H_{19}NO_3$ (shown above), has a $K_b = 8.0 × 10^{-7}$. If a 0.00100 M solution of morphine is prepared, the expected pH will be in which one of the following pH ranges?\r\n\r\nA. 2 to 4\r\nB. 4 to 6\r\nC. 8 to 10\r\nD. 10 to 12" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/65.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe volume of a gas is charted over time, giving the above results. Which of the following options provides a possibel explinatin of what was happening to the gas during each phase of the graph?\n\nA. During phase I, the temperature decreased while the pressure increased. During phase II, the temperature was held constant as the pressure decreased.\nB. During phase I, the temperature increased while the pressure was held constant. During phase II, the temperature and pressure both decreased.\nC. During phase I, the temperature was held constant while the pressure increased. During phase II, the temperature and pressure both decreased.\nD. During phase I, the temperature and pressure both increased. During phase II, the temperature was held constant while the pressure decreased." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/66.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above experiment was performed several times, and the data was gathered as shown in the figure. What is the rate law for this reaction?\n\nA. rate = k[NO][Br$_2$]$^2$\nB. rate = k[NO]$^2$[Br$_2$]$^2$\nC. rate = k[NO][Br$_2$]\nD. rate = k[NO]$^2$[Br$_2$]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/67.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRegarding reaction II, to achieve the products present in the above diagram how many moles of each reactant must be present prior to the reaction?\n\nA. 1.0 mol of CH$_4$ and 2.0 mol of H$_2$O\nB. 2.0 mol of CH$_4$ and 2.0 mol of H$_2$O\nC. 2.0 mol of CH$_4$ and 3.0 mol of H$_2$O\nD. 3.0 mol of CH$_4$ and 2.0 mol of H$_2$O" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/68.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIdentify the three gases represented on the Maxwell-Boltzmann diagram above. Assume all gases are at the same temperature.\n\nA. I \\( \\mathrm{H_2} \\) II \\( \\mathrm{N_2} \\) III \\( \\mathrm{F_2} \\)\nB. I \\( \\mathrm{H_2} \\) II \\( \\mathrm{F_2} \\) III \\( \\mathrm{N_2} \\)\nC. I \\( \\mathrm{F_2} \\) II \\( \\mathrm{N_2} \\) III \\( \\mathrm{H_2} \\)\nD. I \\( \\mathrm{N_2} \\) II \\( \\mathrm{F_2} \\) III \\( \\mathrm{H_2} \\)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/69.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above diagrams shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in a sealed container in the presence of a catalyst. What is the overall order for the reaction? \n\nA. Zero order \nB. First order \nC. Second order \nD. Third order" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/70.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nOne of the resonance structures for the nitrite ion is shown above. What is the formal charge on each atom? \n\nA. O$_x$ -1; N +2; O$_y$ -1 \nB. O$_x$ +1; N -1; O$_y$ 0 \nC. O$_x$ 0; N 0 ; O$_y$ -1 \nD.O$_x$ -1; N 0 ; O$_y$ 0" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/71.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe following diagram supports which of the following conclusions about the reaction shown below? \n\nA. There is an increase in entropy. \nB. Mass is conserved in all chemical reactions. \nC. The pressure increases after the reaction goes to completion. \nD. The enthalpy value is positive. " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/72.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe concentrations of the reactants and products in the reaction represented by the above graph are found to be changing very slowly. Which of the following statements best describes the reaction given that the reaction is exergonic? (ΔG < 0) \n\nA. The reaction is under kinetic control. \nB. The reaction has reached a state of equilibrium. \nC. The reaction is highly exothermic in nature. \nD. The addition of heat will increase the rate of reaction significantly." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/73.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhat is the equilibrium expression for the reaction \n\nA. \\( K = \\frac{[CO_2]^3}{[O_2]^5} \\) \nB. \\( K = \\frac{[C_3H_8][O_2]^5}{[CO_2]^3[H_2O]^4} \\) \nC. \\( K = \\frac{[C_3H_8]}{[H_2O]^4} \\) \nD. \\( K = \\frac{[O_2]^5}{[CO_2]^3} \\)" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/74.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGiven the two standard reduction equations and their potentials below, write the thermodynamically favored chemical reaction and its standard cell potential.\n\nA. $\\text{Ag}^+ (\\text{aq}) + \\text{Mg}^{2+} (\\text{aq}) \\rightarrow \\text{Ag}(\\text{s}) + \\text{Mg}(\\text{s}) & -1.57\\ V $\nB. $\\text{Ag}^+ (\\text{aq}) + \\text{Mg}(\\text{s}) \\rightarrow \\text{Ag}(\\text{s}) + \\text{Mg}^{2+} (\\text{aq}) & +3.17\\ V$\nC. $2\\text{Ag}^+ (\\text{aq}) + \\text{Mg}(\\text{s}) \\rightarrow 2\\text{Ag}(\\text{s}) + \\text{Mg}^{2+} (\\text{aq}) & +3.17\\ V$\nD. $2\\text{Ag}^+ (\\text{aq}) + \\text{Mg}(\\text{s}) \\rightarrow 2\\text{Ag}(\\text{s}) + \\text{Mg}^{2+} (\\text{aq}) & +3.97\\ V$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/75.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIn the diagram above, which labeled arrow is pointing toward a hydrogen bond? \n\nA. 1 \nB. 2 \nC. 3 \nD. 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/76.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe graph above shows the distribution of kinetic energies of a large number of Ne atoms at 500 K. Which letter shows the average kinetic energy of this system? \nA. A \nB. B \nC. C \nD. D" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/77.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nConsider the following possible mechanism for the reaction above: \\[ \\text{2SO}_2(g) + \\text{O}_2(g) \\rightarrow \\text{2SO}_3(g) \\] Consider the possible mechanism in the figure for the reaction above. Which of the following statements is true? \n\nA. This mechanism has no free radicals. \nB. \\(\\text{O}_2(g)\\) is an intermediate. \nC. \\(\\text{SO}(g)\\) is a catalyst for this reaction. \nD. The mechanism does not add up to the overall reaction." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/78.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThree 1-liter flasks are connected to a 3-liter flask by valves. The 3-liter flask is evacuated to start and the entire system is at 298K. The first flask contains helium, the second argon, and the third krypton. The pressure of the argon is 633 torr. The amounts of gas are proportional to their representations in the flasks. If all the valves to the center flask are opened, what will the pressure of the system be? Assume the connections have negligible volume. \n\nA. 633 torr \nB. 316 torr \nC. 1266 torr \nD. 211 torr" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/79.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA portion of a mass spectrum of neon is presented above. Estimate the average mass of naturally occurring atoms of neon, assuming that the height of each line represents the relative amount of each mass. \n\nA. 20.3 \nB. 20.0 \nC. 21.0 \nD. Not enough information is provided" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/80.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Which arrow points to the end point of this titration? \n\nA. A \nB. E \nC. C \nD. F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/81.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Which arrow points to the place on the curve where the pH is equal to 14 - pK$_b$? \n\nA. A \nB. E \nC. C \nD. F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/82.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Find the two points on the curve that indicate the region where the solution can be described as a buffer. What is the change in pH from the first point to the second? \n\nA. 0.5 pH unit \nB. 1 pH unit \nC. 2 pH units \nD. 3 pH units." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/83.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Which of the following describes the base that is being titrated? \n\nA. The base is dibasic since two end points are observed. \nB. The concentration of the base is 0.075 $M$. \nC. The concentration of the base is slightly more than 0.075 $M$. \nD. The concentration of the base is slightly less than 0.075 $M$." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/84.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the figure. The Lewis electron-dot structures for sulfur trioxide and for the sulfite ion are given above. Which statement best describes the geometry of these two substances? \n\nA. The sulfite ion has a triangular pyramid shape, and the sulfur trioxide is a planar triangle. \nB. Both substances are flat, triangular, planar shapes. \nC. Both substances are triangular pyramids. \nD. SO$_3$ is a triangular pyramid, and SO$_3^{2-}$ is a planar triangle. " }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/85.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nRefer to the figure. Which statement below describes the charge, polarity, and resonance characteristics of the sulfite ion and of the sulfur trioxide species shown above? \n\nA. The sulfite ion has two negative charges along with a shape that makes it a dipole. Sulfur trioxide is symmetrical and nonpolar. In addition, as written, both have three resonance structures. \nB. The sulfite ion and sulfur trioxide are both polar with the only difference being that one is an ion and the other is not. \nC. Sulfur trioxide has three resonance structures, and the sulfite ion has no resonance structures. \nD. Sulfite ions have a nonbonding electron pair domain, while sulfur trioxide has all electron domains as bonding domains." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/86.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nUse the arrangement of atoms suggested in the skeleton structure above to construct the Lewis structure for the SO$_3$ molecule. Which of the following statements about this molecule is incorrect?\n\nA. Sulfur trioxide has three resonance structures.\nB. Sulfur trioxide has a planar triangle shape.\nC. Sulfur trioxide is nonpolar.\nD. The S–O bond order is 5/3.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/87.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nUse the arrangement of atoms suggested in the skeleton structure above to construct the Lewis structure for the sulfite ion. Be sure to minimize the formal charges. Which of the following statements is incorrect?\n\nA. The sulfite ion has a double bond.\nB. The sulfite ion has a triangular pyramid shape.\nC. The sulfite ion is nonpolar.\nD. The S–O bond order is 4/3.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/88.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nEthanoic acid (\\ce{HC2H3O2} \\quad \\text{or} \\quad \\ce{CH3CO2H} \\quad \\text{or} \\quad \\ce{CH3COOH}\n) has a much lower vapor pressure than ethanol (\\ce{CH3CH2OH}). What is the most reasonable explanation?\n\nA. The polarizability of two oxygen atoms increases the London forces of attraction in ethanoic acid compared with ethanol.\nB. Hydrogen bonding in ethanoic acid is the strongest attractive force and is mainly responsible for the observed data.\nC. Ethanol has an –OH group and can hydrogen bond; therefore, the London forces must cause the effect.\nD. Both ethanol and ethanoic acid have an –OH, so the difference is the dipole of the second oxygen that increases the attractive forces.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/89.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nVitamin C is oxidized slowly to dehydroascorbic acid by the oxygen in air. It is catalyzed by ions such as \\ce{Cu^2+} and \\ce{Fe^3+}\n. The reaction can be followed by measuring the ultraviolet absorbance at 243 nm.\n\nWhich of the following is the best interpretation of the data given above?\n\nA. The data support a first-order reaction.\nB. The data support a second-order reaction.\nC. The data support a zero-order reaction.\nD. The overall order is 14.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/89.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nChoose the description of the point on the distribution curve that is the most plausible.\n\nA. Point A represents absolute zero where all motions stops.\nB. Point C is proportional to temperature\nC. Point B is where the transition state occurs.\nD. At point D, the products of the reaction are found. \n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/90.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThree 1-liter flasks are connected to a 3-liter flask by valves as shown in the diagram above. The 3-liter flask has the relative number of helium atoms as indicated. At the start, the entire system is at 585K. The first flask contains oxygen; the second contains hydrogen, and the third contains nitrogen. The pressure of hydrogen is 3.00 atm. The number of gas molecules is proportional to their representations in the flasks. If the valves are all opened, what will be the pressure in the system? Assume the connections have negligible volume.\n\nA. 1.0 atm\nB. 2.0 atm\nC. 3.0 atm\nD. 4.0 atm\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/91.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA mass spectrum of a naturally occurring sample of an element is shown above. What is the element?\n\nA. Cl\nB. S\nC. Ar\nD. There are two peaks, so there must be two compounds." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/92.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIn the diagram above, which labeled arrow is pointing toward a covalent bond and which is pointing toward a hydrogen bond?\n\n\nA. 1 2\nB. 2 1\nC. 3 4\nD. 4 3" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/93.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nSpace-filling representations of carbon tetrachloride and carbon tetrabromide are shown above. The carbon can be seen in the carbon tetrachloride and is hidden by the bromine in carbon tetrabromide. Which of the following is the most reasonable statement? (Assume that the temperatures of CCl$_4$ and CBr$_4$ are the same in these comparisons.)\n\nA. CCl$_4$ has a higher surface tension compared with CBr$_4$\nB. CCl$_4$has a higher vapor pressure compared with CBr$_4$.\nC. CCl$_4$ has a higher boiling point compared with CBr$_4$.\nD. CCl$_4$ has a higher viscosity compared with CB$_4$.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/94.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhich of the labeled arrows in the diagram above represents the strongest intermolecular force of the four indicated?\n\nA. Arrow A\nB. Arrow B\nC. Arrow C\nD. Arrow D\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/95.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nAccording to the data in the table above, which of the compounds has the strongest intermolecular forces?\n\nA. Propylamine\nB. Ethyl methyl ether\nC. Trimethyl amine\nD. Ethyl methyl amine" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/96.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nEach of the ions in the table form stable oxides (Na$_4$O, CdO, and La$_4$O$_3$). Lanthanum oxide, La$_4$O$_3$, has a melting point significantly higher than that of the other oxides. Which of the following is the best explanation of why this is true?\n\nA. Lanthanum is a lanthanide element and the melting points of these elements are always high.\nB. There is more oxygen in the formula La$_4$O$_3$ than in the other formulas. \nC. Lanthanum had the highest charge; therefore, it has the highest lattice energy.\nD. Alkali metals like sodium and transition metals like cadmium tend to have low melting points.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/97.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe diagram above shows the structure of molecules of CS$_2$ and COS. The boiling point of COS is 223 K, and the boiling point of CS2 is 319 K. Which of the following is the best explanation of why the boiling point of CS$_2$ is higher?\n\nA. The molar mass of CS$_2$ is greater.\nB. COS has weaker covalent bonds than CS$_2$.\nC. Only CS$_2$ can form intermolecular dipole-dipole forces.\nD. COS has stronger intermolecular forces because it is polar and CS$_2$ is not." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/98.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhich of the labeled arrows in the diagram above represents the strongest intermolecular force?\n\nA. A\nB. B\nC. C\nD. D" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/99.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA dimer consists of two closely associated molecules. In the gas phase, acetic acid tends to form dimers as illustrated on the left in the above diagram. Acetyl chloride, on the right in the above diagram, is not very efficient in forming dimers. Why is acetic acid better able to form dimers than acetyl chloride?\n\nA. The molecular mass of acetyl chloride is higher than that of acetic acid making it harder for the acetyl chloride to form dimers.\nB. It is easier to form a covalent bond between acetic acid molecules than between acetyl chloride molecules.\nC. Acetic acid can form strong hydrogen bonds but acetyl chloride can only form weaker dipole-dipole attractions.\nD. Acetic acid is an acidic compound but acetyl chloride is a neutral compound.\n" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/100.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhich of the compounds in the above diagram is capable of participating in hydrogen bonding?\n\nA. C$_3$H$_9$ N\nB. CH$_3$F\nC. C$_2$H$_6$O\nD. C$_4$H$_11$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/101.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIn the diagram above, which labeled arrow is pointing toward a hydrogen bond? \n\nA. 1 \nB. 2 \nC. 3 \nD. 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/102.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe graph above shows the distribution of kinetic energies of a large number of Ne atoms at 500 K. Which letter shows the average kinetic energy of this system? \nA. A \nB. B \nC. C \nD. D" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/103.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Which arrow points to the end point of this titration? \n\nA. A \nB. E \nC. C \nD. F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/104.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe above graph shows a titration curve of a weak base titrated with a strong acid. The pH was measured with a pH meter after small volumes of 0.075 M HCl were added to 25.0 mL of a weak base. Data from that experiment are shown in the graph. Which arrow points to the place on the curve where the pH is equal to 14 - pK$_b$? \n\nA. A \nB. E \nC. C \nD. F" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/105.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe Lewis diagram for nitric acid, $HNO_3$, is above. Which of the following statements is true regarding nitric acid?\nA. $HNO_3$ molecules are planar.\nB. The nitrogen atom carries a negative formal charge.\nC. All N-O bonds are of identical length.\nD. There is a third equivalence resonance structure that is not shown." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/106.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe photoelectron below spectrum is for a neutral fluorine atom. Compared to that spectrum, the spectrum for a fluoride ion would have\nA. one more peak\nB. one less peak\nC. the same number of peaks, but the rightmost peak would be taller\nD. the same number of peaks, but the leftmost peak would be taller" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/107.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA student is attempting to use a distillation apparatus, shown below, to separate a mixture of propanol (boiling point: 97°C) and propionic acid (boiling point: 141°C). Which temperature should the apparatus be set at to obtain as pure a distillate of propanol as possible?\nA. 85°C\nB. 105°C\nC. 125°C\nD. 145°C" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/108.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGiven the half-reactions below, what would the coefficient on the $NO(g)$ be when the full reaction below is balanced?\nA. 1\nB. 2\nC. 3\nD. 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/109.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA Lewis diagram of the hydrogen phosphate ion is shown below. Based on this diagram, which of the atoms would have a negative formal charge? \nA. P\nB. Ox\nC. Oy\nD. Oz" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/110.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe $K_a$ values for three different weak acids are given below. If the acid is polyprotic, all of the $K_a$ values for that acid are given. If each acid were to be titrated with 0.10 M NaOH, which solution would have the highest pH at the endpoint of the titration when each acid has fully reacted?\nA. Formic\nB. Sulfurous\nC. Citric\nD. All titrations would have identical pHs at the endpoint." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/111.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA piece of potassium metal is added to a solution of hydrochloric acid, and the metal starts to react. Which of the following is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction that is occurring?\nA. $2H^+(aq) + K^+(aq) + 3e^- \\rightarrow H_2(g) + K(s)$\nB. $2H^+(aq) + 2K^+(aq) + 4e^- \\rightarrow 2K(s) + H_2(g)$\nC. $2H^+(aq) + K(s) \\rightarrow K^+(aq) + H_2(g)$\nD. $2H^+(aq) + 2K(s) \\rightarrow 2K^+(aq) + H_2(g)$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/112.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe Lewis diagram of the bisulfite ion, $HSO^{3-}$, is drawn below. Which of the following descriptions correctly compares the bond lengths of the three sulfur-oxygen bonds found in bisulfite? \nA. All bonds are the same length.\nB. Of the three bonds, there is one longer one and two shorter ones of identical length.\nC. Of the three bonds, there are two longer ones of identical length and one shorter one.\nD. All three bonds are different lengths." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/113.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA sample of hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$, will decompose over time. The graph below charts the concentration of an $H_2O_2$ sample over time. What is the rate law for the overall reaction?\nA. Rate = k\nB. Rate = k[$H_2O_2$]\nC. Rate = k[$H_2O_2$]2\nD. Rate = k[$H_2O$][$O_2$]" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/114.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA semiconductor with a silicon lattice is doped by the addition of another element, symbolized by the letter X in the diagram below. Which of the following statements best describes the possible identity of the element as well as the type of doping that is occurring? \nA. Boron, which has less valence electrons than silicon and creates positive \"holes\" in the lattice\nB. Phosphorus, which has extra valence electrons and creates a mobile negative charge in the lattice\nC. Aluminum, which has metalloid properties that lend to increased conductivity when added to a semiconductor\nD. Carbon, which has an equal number of valence electrons as silicon and strengthens the conducting lattice" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/115.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nGiven the bond enthalpy values in the data table below, determine the enthalpy change for the reaction above it.\nA. -1220 kJ/mol\nB. -400 kJ/mol\nC. 400 kJ/mol\nD. 1220 kJ/mol" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/116.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n$[NO]$ (M)      $[O_2]$ (M)\nThe reaction below is run with the concentration of both reactants at 0.10 M. Which of the following values for the initial concentration of both reactants would lead to an initial reaction rate which is double that of the first trial?\nA.      0.15      0.15\nB.      0.20      0.20\nC.      0.20      0.050\nD.      0.050      0.20" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/117.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nTwo batteries are constructed via the diagram below. The concentration of the solutions and the mass of the electrodes are identified in the data below the diagram. How would the voltage and the battery life for the two batteries compare?Voltage      Battery Life\nA. X <Y      X <Y\nB. X <Y      X =Y\nC. X =Y      X = Y\nD. X =Y      X < Y" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/118.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n$Cu^{2+}$ ions appear blue in solution, and the $NO_3^-$ ion is colorless. The absorbance of a $Cu(NO_3)_2$ solution is measured at various wavelengths using a spectrophotometer. To determine the concentration of a $Cu(NO_3)_2$ solution of unknown concentration, what wavelength of light would produce the best results?\nA. 350 nm\nB. 500 nm\nC. 640 nm\nD. 800 nm" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/119.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe diagram below supports which of the following conclusions about the reaction shown below?\nA. There is an increase in entropy.\nB. Mass is conserved in all chemical reactions.\nC. The pressure increases after the reaction goes to completion.\nD. The enthalpy value is positive." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/120.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nOx      N      Oy\nOne of the resonance structures for the nitrite ion is shown below. What is the formal charge on each atom?\nA.      -1      +1      -1\nB.      +1      -1      0\nC.      0      0      -1\nD.      -1      0      0" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/121.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIdentify the three gases represented on the Maxwell-Boltzmann diagram below. Assume all gases are at the same temperature.I      II      III\nA.      $H_2$      $N_2$      $F_2$\nB.      $H_2$      $F_2$      $N_2$\nC.      $F_2$      $N_2$      $H_2$\nD.      $N_2$      $F_2$      $H_2$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/122.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIf the $H_2C_2O_4$ were to be replaced with an identical volume of $H_2SO_4$, what volume of $NaOH$ would be required to fully neutralize the acid?\nA 0.10 M solution of $NaOH$ is titrated into 20 mL of $H_2C_2O_4$, a diprotic acid, of an unknown concentration. The pH of the $H_2C_2O_4$ solution is monitored as the $NaOH$ is added to it, resulting in the below graph.\nA. 10 mL\nB. 20 mL\nC. 40 mL\nD. 60 mL" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/123.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n5mL      15mL      25mL\n \nPhenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator with a pKa of 9.1. Its protonated form is often abbreviated as $HIn$, while its conjugate base is abbreviated as $In^-$. At the following volumes of NaOH added, select the option that accurately describes which form of the indicator will be present in a greater concentration.\nA 0.10 M solution of NaOH is titrated into 20 mL of $H_2C_2O_4$, a diprotic acid, of an unknown concentration. The pH of the $H_2C_2O_4$ solution is monitored as the NaOH is added to it, resulting in the below graph.\nA. $HIn$      $HIn$      $In^-$\nB. $HIn$      $In^-$      $In^-$     \nC. $In^--$     $In^-$      $HIn$     \nD. $In^-$      $HIn$      $HIn$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/124.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nAt the point at which 20 mL of NaOH has been added, which of the following species is present in the greatest concentration in solution?\n \nA 0.10 M solution of NaOH is titrated into 20 mL of $H_2C_2O_4$, a diprotic acid, of an unknown concentration. The pH of the $H_2C_2O_4$ solution is monitored as the NaOH is added to it, resulting in the below graph.\nA. $H^+$\nB. $OH^-$\nC. $HC_2O_4^-$\nD. $C_2O_4^{2-}$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/125.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhat is the concentration of the $H_2C_2O_4$ solution?\n \nA 0.10 M solution of NaOH is titrated into 20 mL of $H_2C_2O_4$, a diprotic acid, of an unknown concentration. The pH of the $H_2C_2O_4$ solution is monitored as the NaOH is added to it, resulting in the below graph.\nA. 0.025 M\nB. 0.050 M\nC. 0.10 M\nD. 0.20 M" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/126.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nData considering the conductivity of four different substances in their various phases is given in the table below. Of the four options, which substance is most likely to be $NaCl$?\nA. Substance A\nB. Substance B\nC. Substance C\nD. Substance D" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/127.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nAs shown below, four identical containers hold the same number of moles of four different gases at 298 K. If ideal behavior is NOT assumed, in which container would the pressure be the lowest?\nA. $H_2O$\nB. $CH_4$\nC. $Ne$\nD. $He$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/128.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nBased on the mass spectrum shown below, which of the following can be concluded about zirconium?\nA. The most common charge on a zirconium ion is +2.\nB. Zirconium nuclei can have different number of protons.\nC. The average atomic mass of a zirconium atom is 90 amu.\nD. The most common isotope of zirconium has 50 neutrons." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/129.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe system below is at equilibrium. If it were to be diluted, what would happen to the moles of reactants and the moles product after equilibrium is reestablished?Mole Reactants      Moles Product\nA. Increase      Increase\nB. Increase      Decrease\nC. Decrease      Decrease\nD. No Change      No Change" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/130.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA sample of some $N_2O_5$ gas is placed in a sealed container and allowed to decompose. The concentration of the $N_2O_5$ is tracked over time, and the results are plotted on the above graph. Which of the following represents the possible units on the rate constant for this reaction?\nA. $s^{-1}$\nB. $sM^{-1}$\nC. $Ms^{-1}$\nD. $Ms^{-2}$" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/131.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nVapor Pressure @ 25°C (torr)\n \nSubstance\nThree different liquids are mixed together in a flask, and that flask is then hooked up to a distillation apparatus, as shown below. The liquids are initially at 25°C, and the heat is turned up until the mixture starts to boil. Which liquid would be the first to separate out of the mixture?\nA. $H_2O$\nB. $CH_3OH$\nC. $C_6H_{12}$\nD. Distillation would be an ineffective method of separating the mixture." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/132.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n1.0 mole of $NO_2(g)$ is bubbled through excess water, causing the above reaction to take place. Which of the following statements correctly describes the energy change that will occur during the reaction?\nA. 135 kJ of energy will be emitted.\nB. 45 kJ of energy will be emitted.\nC. 135 kJ of energy will be absorbed.\nD. 405 kJ of energy will be absorbed." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/133.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA beaker is filled with some 1.0 M $CuSO_4$, and two carbon electrodes are placed in the beaker with a battery wired between them, as shown below. As current is run through the system, solid copper plates out onto the carbon cathode. Which of the following changes would increase the amount of solid copper that is plated out of solution?\nA. Replacing the 1.0 M $CuSO_4$ solution with 1.0 M $CuCl_2$\nB. Using a 9.0 V battery instead of a 1.5 V battery\nC. Decreasing the pH of the solution\nD. Changing out the carbon electrodes with platinum electrodes" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/134.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe photoelectron spectrum of an element is below. Based on the spectrum, what is the charge on the most common ion of the element?\nA. -2\nB. -1\nC. +1\nD. +2" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/135.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nA beaker of saturated zinc iodate is left out overnight. The following morning, some water is found to have evaporated. Assuming the temperature remained constant at 25°C, which of the following options correctly identifies the changes in the $[Zn^{2+}]$ and the mass of the zinc iodate present in the beaker compared to the previous night?\nZinc iodate dissociates in water via the following equilibrium process $[Zn^{2+}]$      Mass Zn(IO3)2\nA.      Increase      Decrease\nB.      Increase      No Change\nC.      No Change      Increase\nD.      No Change      Decrease" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/136.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nZinc iodate dissociates in water via the following equilibrium process. Which of the following solutions would zinc iodate be the LEAST soluble in?\nA. 1.0 M BaCl2\nB. 1.0 M NaIO3\nC. 1.0 M K2CO3\nD. Pure water" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/137.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhat is the approximate molar solubility of zinc iodate at 25°C?\nZinc iodate dissociates in water via the following equilibrium process\nA. $1.0 \\times 10^{-2}$ M\nB. $2.0 \\times 10^{-3}$ M\nC. $4.0 \\times 10^{-6}$ M\nD. $1.0 \\times 10^{-6}$ M" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "A" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/138.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nWhen the oxidation-reduction reaction below is completely balanced, what is the coefficient on the $MnO_4^-$ ion?\nA. 1\nB. 2\nC. 3\nD. 4" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/139.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe mass spectrum below shows the distribution of various isotopes of strontium. Based on the data, which of the following conclusions can be drawn?\nA. Strontium most commonly forms ions with a charge of +2.\nB. Strontium isotopes with a mass of 86 or 87 are very unstable.\nC. The number of protons in a strontium atom nucleus can vary.\nD. The most common isotope of strontium has 50 neutrons." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/140.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe Lewis diagrams for both ethanol and octane are drawn below. Ethanol's boiling point is 78°C, while octane's is 125°C. This is best explained by the fact that\nA. octane has hydrogen bonding, while ethanol does not\nB. octane has a significantly higher molar mass than ethanol\nC. octane's temporary dipoles are stronger than those in ethanol\nD. octane is more symmetrical than ethanol" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/141.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nIf a small, pinhole-size leak were to be drilled into each container, the container with which gas would experience the fastest pressure decrease?\n10.0 g each of three different gases are present in three glass containers of identical volume, as shown below. The temperature of all three flasks is held constant at 298 K.\nA. $SO_2$\nB. $CH_4$\nC. $NCl_3$\nD. All three containers would decrease pressure at the same rate." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/142.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n10.0 g each of three different gases are present in three glass containers of identical volume, as shown below. The temperature of all three flasks is held constant at 298 K.Which of the gases would have the greatest density?\nA. $SO_2$\nB. $CH_4$\nC. $NCl_3$\nD. All three gases would have the same density." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "D" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/143.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nThe container with which gas would have the greatest pressure?\n10.0 g each of three different gases are present in three glass containers of identical volume, as shown below. The temperature of all three flasks is held constant at 298 K.\nA. $SO_2$\nB. $CH_4$\nC. $NCl_3$\nD. All four containers would have the same pressure." }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/144.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\n$SiCl_4$      $PCl_3$\nThe Lewis diagrams for $SiCl_4$ and $PCl_3$ are drawn below. What are the approximate bond angles between the terminal chlorine atoms in each structure?\nA. 90      90\nB. 109.5°     < 109.5°\nC. 90°     109.5°\nD. < 109.5°     > 90°" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/145.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nX     Y     Z\nThe formate ion, $HCO_2^-$, is best represented by the Lewis diagram below. Each bond is labeled with a different letter.What is the bond order for each bond?\nA. 1     1     2\nB. 2     2     1\nC. 1     1.5     1.5\nD. 1.33     1.33     1.33" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "C" } ]

[ "/mnt/hwfile/ai4chem/hao/data_processing/SceMQA-main/Multiple_Choice/Chemistry/146.jpg" ]

[ { "from": "human", "value": "<image>\nInitial pH      Equivalence pH      Ending pH\nA student titrates some 1.0 M $HCl$ into 20.0 mL of methylamine ($CH_3NH_2$), a weak base which only accepts a single proton. The following titration curve results:The methylamine is replaced by 20.0 mL of sodium hydroxide of an identical concentration. If the sodium hydroxide is titrated with the 1.0 M $HCl$, which of the following options accurately describes the pH levels at various points during the titration when compared to the pH levels at the same point in the $HCl$/methylamine titration?\nA. lower     same     higher\nB. higher     higher     same\nC. same     higher     same\nD. higher     lower     lower" }, { "from": "gpt", "value": "B" } ]