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<a class="d-block p-20 gtm-byline font-12 byline-contributor" href="/editor/Amy-McKenna/6443" data-webtasks-id="037cba07-efec-4465"> |
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<div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold" data-webtasks-id="558e78d2-f031-4ef5">Amy McKenna</div> |
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<div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 clamp-description text-black" data-webtasks-id="779c2dff-b6e8-45e8">Amy McKenna is a senior editor, primarily focused on geography and history matters pertaining to sub-Saharan Africa. She joined Encyclopaedia Britannica in 2004. She was previously employed by Standard...</div> |
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Amy McKenna</span></div> |
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<span class="qa-fact-checked-by" data-webtasks-id="a020a750-ba14-4947">Fact-checked by</span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0" style="position: absolute; inset: 0px auto auto 0px; margin: 0px; transform: translate(109px, 182px);" data-popper-placement="bottom-start" data-webtasks-id="75f06c6b-67da-4264" data-popper-reference-hidden="" data-popper-escaped=""> |
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<article class="topic-content content mt-20" data-webtasks-id="c769e96a-68dd-465a"><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-webtasks-id="d643efc6-8d3b-4e6e"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image" data-webtasks-id="cd4578a9-b8ec-4abb"><a style="min-height: 160px;" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/43/82343-050-92634E48/Flag-Hong-Kong-province-China.jpg" target="_blank" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*" data-webtasks-id="db1d5978-9689-479c"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/43/82343-050-92634E48/Flag-Hong-Kong-province-China.jpg?w=600&q=60" alt="Flag of Hong Kong. China province" data-width="1600" data-height="1067" loading="eager" data-webtasks-id="d5cda9c9-bef3-4e95"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white" aria-label="Zoom in" data-webtasks-id="f4c33b0b-48db-47b2"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in" data-webtasks-id="4eae0e19-f9c1-41a2"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="" data-webtasks-id="345bf379-c913-4d4b"><cite class="credit d-block mt-5" data-webtasks-id="bca7a611-2364-49bf">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite></figcaption></figure> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="10bd81bc-a86f-417b">No, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Hong-Kong" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="31ba5e45-c28d-4714">Hong Kong</a> is not a country. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/China" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="6116e81c-2612-4511">China</a>. Hong Kong’s status as a special administrative region stems from its history as a former British colony.</p><span class="AM1 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="f711320d-0a34-4c96"></span><span class="MOD1" data-webtasks-id="a18cbedc-eb7e-469e"></span> <figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-webtasks-id="66c09518-acbc-454c"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image" data-webtasks-id="99b06236-cc25-470a"><a style="min-height: 160px;" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/96/84796-050-C4DEA436/Hong-Kong-Island-Victoria-Peak.jpg" target="_blank" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*" data-webtasks-id="2af6d62d-03c9-4d8d"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/96/84796-050-C4DEA436/Hong-Kong-Island-Victoria-Peak.jpg?w=600&q=60" alt="Aerial view of Hong Kong Island as seen from Victoria Peak. (photo dated 2016)" data-width="1000" data-height="627" loading="eager" data-webtasks-id="35fe6cbe-0836-4d68"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white" aria-label="Zoom in" data-webtasks-id="2bb65df0-2beb-4be1"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in" data-webtasks-id="fb0bea50-11c8-4307"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="" data-webtasks-id="ed70fda1-3147-4157"><cite class="credit d-block mt-5" data-webtasks-id="f8d33ebd-4896-4296">© Cherdchanok/Shutterstock.com</cite></figcaption></figure> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="05ba2d57-34ed-4243">By way of treaty or lease with China, the islands and mainland area now known as Hong Kong came under the control of <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Kingdom" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="84a28ace-ae9f-4aee">Great Britain</a> at various points in the 19th century. From that time until its transfer back to China in the late 20th century, Hong Kong developed on a different trajectory, both politically and economically, than mainland China—which, in contrast to Hong Kong’s status as a British colony, began that period with its imperial dynasty in decline and ended it as a republic under communist rule.</p><span class="AM2 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="3267dfe0-c6d5-413a"></span><span class="MOD2" data-webtasks-id="57f82907-d00f-4e1a"></span> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="a20acc3c-356b-4a9e">Spurred by the pending expiration of a 99-year lease (1898–1997) for part of the territory, the 1984 Chinese-British joint declaration paved the way for all of Hong Kong to be returned to China. The <a href="https://www.britannica.com/event/handover-of-Hong-Kong" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="ed135cfc-fb22-4e15">handover</a> occurred on July 1, 1997, at which point the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region took effect. The Basic Law outlined the concept of “one country, two systems,” under which Hong Kong, though now part of China, was allowed to maintain its capitalist economy and to retain a large degree of political autonomy (except in matters of foreign policy and defense) for a period of 50 years.</p><span class="AM3 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="ee74bfc4-1406-4028"></span><span class="MOD3" data-webtasks-id="a0dd64c5-29ba-4ea1"></span> <span class="AM-END-OF-ARTICLE am-inline" data-webtasks-id="e596f6ed-4662-42a0"></span></article> |
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<h1 class="mb-5" data-webtasks-id="23c4cbec-d6d4-4399">Why Are Some Time Zones 30 Minutes Off Instead of an Hour?</h1> |
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<div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold" data-webtasks-id="61e2fbd1-452d-4d67">Erik Gregersen</div> |
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<div class="editor-description font-12 font-serif mt-5 clamp-description text-black" data-webtasks-id="f9383f38-6046-40d9">Erik Gregersen is a senior editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica, specializing in the physical sciences and technology. Before joining Britannica in 2007, he worked at the University of Chicago Press on the...</div> |
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Erik Gregersen</span></div> |
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<span class="qa-fact-checked-by" data-webtasks-id="4b23d7ba-4483-426e">Fact-checked by</span> <div class="editor-popover popover p-0" style="position: absolute; inset: auto auto 0px 0px; margin: 0px; transform: translate(109px, -956px);" data-popper-reference-hidden="" data-popper-placement="top-start" data-webtasks-id="7a4a7c4b-72a5-4cef"> |
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<div class="editor-title font-16 font-weight-bold" data-webtasks-id="330ebaf5-b5db-48f4">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica</div> |
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<google-read-aloud-player data-voice="en-us-m-3" data-tracking-ids="UA-168915890-24,G-0B6QQVKFV8" data-api-key="AIzaSyBJdCURs_s6wfa7XECRfj5mZVTjYdsf538" data-docking-anchor-offset-vertical="90" data-docking-anchor-offset-horizontal="360" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/story/why-are-some-time-zones-30-minutes-off-instead-of-an-hour" data-scope="-story-why-are-some-time-zones-30-minutes-off-instead-of-an-hour" data-webtasks-id="6fd2213e-1c76-4083"></google-read-aloud-player> |
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<article class="topic-content content mt-20" data-webtasks-id="4ee918c7-0da9-40de"><figure class="md-assembly md-feature-assembly print-false" data-type="1" data-webtasks-id="d32d21f7-cfa9-4cf3"><div class="md-assembly-wrapper card-media" data-type="image" data-webtasks-id="23304f72-7b57-4c5c"><a style="min-height: 160px;" href="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/154575-050-68BACC24/time-zone-map-standard-time-international-date-line.jpg" target="_blank" class="position-relative d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center " data-href="*" data-webtasks-id="04a3314a-bc96-4747"><img src="https://cdn.britannica.com/75/154575-050-68BACC24/time-zone-map-standard-time-international-date-line.jpg?w=600&q=60" alt="Time zone map with standard time zones and International Date Line" data-width="2000" data-height="1442" loading="eager" data-webtasks-id="70115026-c6d5-4dae"><button class="magnifying-glass btn btn-circle position-absolute shadow btn-white" aria-label="Zoom in" data-webtasks-id="b676d15e-6463-40ce"><em class="material-icons link-blue" data-icon="zoom_in" data-webtasks-id="1bf9d3b0-4de6-4d20"></em></button></a></div><figcaption class="" data-webtasks-id="0777b1f7-25be-4317"><cite class="credit d-block mt-5" data-webtasks-id="ed64e78d-97d2-4edd">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite></figcaption></figure> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="d08aef59-07ca-4dd9">Ideally, <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/time-zone" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="8cdf136f-e2d4-4795">time zones</a> would be slices of Earth’s surface 15 degrees of longitude wide that keep the same time. However, some countries and parts of countries have decided that being within a specific time zone is not preferable and have chosen offsets of 30 minutes or even 45 minutes. Why? </p><span class="AM1 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="b164f4ee-1890-412e"></span><span class="MOD1" data-webtasks-id="be5dded5-93f5-4978"></span> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="8c23b8d4-85f0-4f2d">Consider the way things <a href="https://www.britannica.com/story/how-time-stopped-circling-and-percolating-and-started-running-on-tracks" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="06c5d8f2-5ad9-4af6">worked before time zones</a>: cities kept time by the Sun, which meant cities that were 1 degree of longitude apart had times that differed by 4 minutes. If a time zone is 15 degrees of longitude wide, then places at the edge of the zone would have a solar time 30 minutes different from places at the center of the zone. </p><span class="AM2 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="5e65fc51-2a49-478f"></span><span class="MOD2" data-webtasks-id="dc2909d5-07db-44ad"></span> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="8bf11862-f19a-4245">For example, the Canadian island of Newfoundland sits within the time zone 4 hours behind <a href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Coordinated-Universal-Time" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="04857998-6d55-4873">UTC (Coordinated Universal Time)</a>, the time at 0 degrees longitude in <a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Greenwich-borough-London" class="md-crosslink" data-show-preview="true" data-webtasks-id="c394bd5c-bd5f-4616">Greenwich</a>, England. However, Newfoundland is 3.5 hours behind UTC. When time zones were introduced in the late 19th century, Newfoundlanders chose their 30-minute offset because that was close to the local solar time in St. John’s, the city where most Newfoundlanders lived. (St. John’s is at 52.7 degrees west longitude, and 3.5 hours of solar time west of UTC is at 52.5 degrees of longitude.) </p><span class="AM3 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="68683599-5e56-41a8"></span><span class="MOD3" data-webtasks-id="49b79351-e546-41cd"></span> <p class="topic-paragraph" data-webtasks-id="2aae7c66-9934-495b">Similar situations happened in Iran and Afghanistan, where the capitals Tehran and Kabul, respectively, are located 3.5 and 4.5 hours east of UTC. Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital, is located near 5 hours and 45 minutes of solar time east of UTC, so Nepal chose that time for its time zone. India has a single time zone, which is 5.5 hours ahead of UTC. That corresponds to the time at Prayagraj (Allahabad), which was chosen as the central meridian for India under British rule. </p><span class="AM4 am-inline" data-webtasks-id="4d0ed55a-1889-405a"></span><span class="MOD4" data-webtasks-id="5a8724da-d4df-4a6e"></span> <span class="AM-END-OF-ARTICLE am-inline" data-webtasks-id="c483dfce-c924-4514"></span></article> |
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<div class="citation font-serif border rounded p-15 mt-20" data-authors="Amy McKenna" data-title="Is Hong Kong a Country?" data-published-date="28 Apr. 2023" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/story/is-hong-kong-a-country" data-webtasks-id="6ded1374-bdf0-4a7c"> |
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<div class="citation-text" data-webtasks-id="5ebde296-d86d-4616">McKenna, Amy. "Is Hong Kong a Country?". <em data-webtasks-id="f844bbe7-2e8e-4c9d">Encyclopedia Britannica</em>, 28 Apr. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/story/is-hong-kong-a-country. Accessed 13 June 2023.</div> |
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<div class="citation font-serif border rounded p-15 mt-20" data-authors="Erik Gregersen" data-title="Why Are Some Time Zones 30 Minutes Off Instead of an Hour?" data-published-date="6 Feb. 2023" data-url="https://www.britannica.com/story/why-are-some-time-zones-30-minutes-off-instead-of-an-hour" data-webtasks-id="6cfc270a-ccd7-4633"> |
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