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Get a list of pairs of key-value sorted by values in dictionary `data`

sorted ( list ( data . items ( ) ) , key = lambda x : x [ 1 ] )

sort dict by value python

sorted ( list ( data . items ( ) ) , key = lambda x : x [ 1 ] )

display current time

now = datetime . datetime . now ( ) . strftime ( '%H:%M:%S' )

find the index of the second occurrence of the substring `bar` in string `foo bar bar bar`

"""foo bar bar bar""" . replace ( 'bar' , 'XXX' , 1 ) . find ( 'bar' )

check if key 'stackoverflow' and key 'google' are presented in dictionary `sites`

set ( [ 'stackoverflow' , 'google' ] ) . issubset ( sites )

replace string ' and ' in string `stuff` with character '/'

stuff . replace ( ' and ' , '/' )

Save array at index 0, index 1 and index 8 of array `np` to tmp file `tmp`

np . savez ( tmp , * [ getarray [ 0 ] , getarray [ 1 ] , getarray [ 8 ] ] )

substract 1 hour and 10 minutes from current time

t = datetime . datetime . now ( ) ( t - datetime . timedelta ( hours = 1 , minutes = 10 ) )

subtract 1 hour and 10 minutes from time object `t`

( t - datetime . timedelta ( hours = 1 , minutes = 10 ) )

add 1 hour and 2 minutes to time object `t`

dt = datetime . datetime . combine ( datetime . date . today ( ) , t )

subtract 5 hours from the time object `dt`

dt -= datetime . timedelta ( hours = 5 )

encode string `data` using hex 'hex' encoding

print ( data . encode ( 'hex' ) )

Return the decimal value for each hex character in data `data`

print ( ' ' . join ( [ str ( ord ( a ) ) for a in data ] ) )

Get all the items from a list of tuple 'l' where second item in tuple is '1'.

[ x for x in l if x [ 1 ] == 1 ]

Create array `a` containing integers from stdin

a . fromlist ( [ int ( val ) for val in stdin . read ( ) . split ( ) ] )

place '\' infront of each non-letter char in string `line`

print ( re . sub ( '[_%^$]' , '\\\\\\g<0>' , line ) )

Get all `a` tags where the text starts with value `some text` using regex

doc . xpath ( "//a[starts-with(text(),'some text')]" )

convert a list of lists `a` into list of tuples of appropriate elements form nested lists

zip ( * a )

convert a list of strings `lst` to list of integers

[ map ( int , sublist ) for sublist in lst ]

convert strings in list-of-lists `lst` to ints

[ [ int ( x ) for x in sublist ] for sublist in lst ]

get index of elements in array `A` that occur in another array `B`

np . where ( np . in1d ( A , B ) ) [ 0 ]

create a list where each element is a dictionary with keys 'key1' and 'key2' and values corresponding to each value in the lists referenced by keys 'key1' and 'key2' in dictionary `d`

[ { 'key1' : a , 'key2' : b } for a , b in zip ( d [ 'key1' ] , d [ 'key2' ] ) ]

Split dictionary of lists into list of dictionaries

map ( dict , zip ( * [ [ ( k , v ) for v in value ] for k , value in list ( d . items ( ) ) ] ) )

Get Last Day of the first month in 2002

calendar . monthrange ( 2002 , 1 )

Get Last Day of the second month in 2002

calendar . monthrange ( 2008 , 2 )

Get Last Day of the second month in 2100

calendar . monthrange ( 2100 , 2 )

Get Last Day of the month `month` in year `year`

calendar . monthrange ( year , month ) [ 1 ]

Get Last Day of the second month in year 2012

monthrange ( 2012 , 2 )

Get Last Day of the first month in year 2000

( datetime . date ( 2000 , 2 , 1 ) - datetime . timedelta ( days = 1 ) )

Calling an external command "ls -l"

from subprocess import call

Calling an external command "some_command with args"

os . system ( 'some_command with args' )

Calling an external command "some_command < input_file | another_command > output_file"

os . system ( 'some_command < input_file | another_command > output_file' )

Calling an external command "some_command with args"

stream = os . popen ( 'some_command with args' )

Calling an external command "echo Hello World"

print ( subprocess . Popen ( 'echo Hello World' , shell = True , stdout = subprocess . PIPE ) . stdout . read ( ) )

Calling an external command "echo Hello World"

print ( os . popen ( 'echo Hello World' ) . read ( ) )

Calling an external command "echo Hello World"

return_code = subprocess . call ( 'echo Hello World' , shell = True )

Calling an external command "ls"

p = subprocess . Popen ( 'ls' , shell = True , stdout = subprocess . PIPE , stderr = subprocess . STDOUT ) for line in p . stdout . readlines ( ) : print ( line , end = ' ' ) retval = p . wait ( )

Calling an external command "ls -l"

call ( [ 'ls' , '-l' ] )

decode url `url` with utf8 and print it

print ( urllib . parse . unquote ( url ) . decode ( 'utf8' ) )

decode a urllib escaped url string `url` with `utf8`

url = urllib . parse . unquote ( url ) . decode ( 'utf8' )

delete letters from string '12454v'

"""""" . join ( filter ( str . isdigit , '12454v' ) )

Update row values for a column `Season` using vectorized string operation in pandas

df [ 'Season' ] . str . split ( '-' ) . str [ 0 ] . astype ( int )

sort a list of tuples `my_list` by second parameter in the tuple

my_list . sort ( key = lambda x : x [ 1 ] )

find indexes of all occurrences of a substring `tt` in a string `ttt`

[ m . start ( ) for m in re . finditer ( '(?=tt)' , 'ttt' ) ]

find all occurrences of a substring in a string

[ m . start ( ) for m in re . finditer ( 'test' , 'test test test test' ) ]

split string `s` based on white spaces

re . findall ( '\\s+|\\S+' , s )

set columns `['race_date', 'track_code', 'race_number']` as indexes in dataframe `rdata`

rdata . set_index ( [ 'race_date' , 'track_code' , 'race_number' ] )

recursively go through all subdirectories and files in `rootdir`

for ( root , subFolders , files ) in os . walk ( rootdir ) : pass

sort a list of dictionary values by 'date' in reverse order

list . sort ( key = lambda item : item [ 'date' ] , reverse = True )

display first 5 characters of string 'aaabbbccc'

"""{:.5}""" . format ( 'aaabbbccc' )

unpack hexadecimal string `s` to a list of integer values

struct . unpack ( '11B' , s )

finding the index of an item 'foo' given a list `['foo', 'bar', 'baz']` containing it

[ i for i , j in enumerate ( [ 'foo' , 'bar' , 'baz' ] ) if j == 'foo' ]

generate all permutations of list `[1, 2, 3]` and list `[4, 5, 6]`

print ( list ( itertools . product ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] , [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] ) ) )

generate all permutations of a list `[1, 2, 3]`

itertools . permutations ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] )

substitute occurrences of unicode regex pattern u'\\p{P}+' with empty string '' in string `text`

return re . sub ( '\\p{P}+' , '' , text )

manually throw/raise a `ValueError` exception with the message 'A very specific bad thing happened'

raise ValueError ( 'A very specific bad thing happened' )

throw an exception "I know Python!"

raise Exception ( 'I know Python!' )

Manually throw an exception "I know python!"

raise Exception ( 'I know python!' )

throw a ValueError with message 'represents a hidden bug, do not catch this'

raise ValueError ( 'represents a hidden bug, do not catch this' )

throw an Exception with message 'This is the exception you expect to handle'

raise Exception ( 'This is the exception you expect to handle' )

throw a value error with message 'A very specific bad thing happened', 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'

raise ValueError ( 'A very specific bad thing happened' )

throw a runtime error with message 'specific message'

raise RuntimeError ( 'specific message' )

throw an assertion error with message "Unexpected value of 'distance'!", distance

raise AssertionError ( "Unexpected value of 'distance'!" , distance )

if Selenium textarea element `foo` is not empty, clear the field

driver . find_element_by_id ( 'foo' ) . clear ( )

clear text from textarea 'foo' with selenium

driver . find_element_by_id ( 'foo' ) . clear ( )

convert a number 2130706433 to ip string

socket . inet_ntoa ( struct . pack ( '!L' , 2130706433 ) )

Rearrange the columns 'a','b','x','y' of pandas DataFrame `df` in mentioned sequence 'x' ,'y','a' ,'b'

df = df [ [ 'x' , 'y' , 'a' , 'b' ] ]

call base class's __init__ method from the child class `ChildClass`

super ( ChildClass , self ) . __init__ ( * args , ** kwargs )

sum of all values in a python dict `d`

sum ( d . values ( ) )

Sum of all values in a Python dict

sum ( d . values ( ) )

convert python dictionary `your_data` to json array

json . dumps ( your_data , ensure_ascii = False )

assign an array of floats in range from 0 to 100 to a variable `values`

values = np . array ( [ i for i in range ( 100 ) ] , dtype = np . float64 )

sort a list of dictionaries `list_of_dct` by values in an order `order`

sorted ( list_of_dct , key = lambda x : order . index ( list ( x . values ( ) ) [ 0 ] ) )

change the case of the first letter in string `s`

return s [ 0 ] . upper ( ) + s [ 1 : ]

join list of numbers `[1,2,3,4] ` to string of numbers.

"""""" . join ( [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ] )

delete every non `utf-8` characters from a string `line`

line = line . decode ( 'utf-8' , 'ignore' ) . encode ( 'utf-8' )

execute a command `command ` in the terminal from a python script

os . system ( command )

MySQL execute query 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = %s AND baz = %s' with parameters `param1` and `param2`

c . execute ( 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = %s AND baz = %s' , ( param1 , param2 ) )

Parse string `datestr` into a datetime object using format pattern '%Y-%m-%d'

dateobj = datetime . datetime . strptime ( datestr , '%Y-%m-%d' ) . date ( )