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python How do you sort list by occurrence with out removing elements from the list?

sort list `lst` based on each element's number of occurrences

sorted(lst, key=lambda x: (-1 * c[x], lst.index(x)))

Find max length of each column in a list of lists

Get the value with the maximum length in each column in array `foo`

[max(len(str(x)) for x in line) for line in zip(*foo)]

Count the number of Occurrence of Values based on another column

get the count of each unique value in column `Country` of dataframe `df` and store in column `Sum of Accidents`

df.Country.value_counts().reset_index(name='Sum of Accidents')

Calculating difference between two rows in Python / Pandas

calculat the difference between each row and the row previous to it in dataframe `data`

data.set_index('Date').diff()

python: append values to a set

append values `[3, 4]` to a set `a`

a.update([3, 4])

How can I get an array of alternating values in python?

set every two-stride far element to -1 starting from second element in array `a`

a[1::2] = -1

Faster way to rank rows in subgroups in pandas dataframe

Get rank of rows from highest to lowest of dataframe `df`, grouped by value in column `group`, according to value in column `value`

df.groupby('group')['value'].rank(ascending=False)

Js Date object to python datetime

convert js date object 'Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:00:00 GMT' to python datetime

datetime.strptime('Tue, 22 Nov 2011 06:00:00 GMT', '%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %Z')

Python: Converting from binary to String

Convert a binary value '1633837924' to string

struct.pack('<I', 1633837924)

Inserting a string into a list without getting split into characters

append string `foo` to list `list`

list.append('foo')

Inserting a string into a list without getting split into characters

insert string `foo` at position `0` of list `list`

list.insert(0, 'foo')

Case insensitive dictionary search with Python

convert keys in dictionary `thedict` into case insensitive

theset = set(k.lower() for k in thedict)

How to pad with n characters in Python

pad 'dog' up to a length of 5 characters with 'x'

"""{s:{c}^{n}}""".format(s='dog', n=5, c='x')

How to check if type of a variable is string?

check if type of variable `s` is a string

isinstance(s, str)

How to check if type of a variable is string?

check if type of a variable `s` is string

isinstance(s, str)

How do I merge a list of dicts into a single dict?

Convert list of dictionaries `L` into a flat dictionary

dict(pair for d in L for pair in list(d.items()))

How do I merge a list of dicts into a single dict?

merge a list of dictionaries in list `L` into a single dict

{k: v for d in L for k, v in list(d.items())}

How to sort a Pandas DataFrame according to multiple criteria?

sort a pandas data frame according to column `Peak` in ascending and `Weeks` in descending order

df.sort_values(['Peak', 'Weeks'], ascending=[True, False], inplace=True)

How to sort a Pandas DataFrame according to multiple criteria?

sort a pandas data frame by column `Peak` in ascending and `Weeks` in descending order

df.sort(['Peak', 'Weeks'], ascending=[True, False], inplace=True)

Running Python code contained in a string

run the code contained in string "print('Hello')"

eval("print('Hello')")

Creating a list of dictionaries in python

creating a list of dictionaries [{'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 2, 'D': 4}, {'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 1, 'D': 5}]

[{'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 2, 'D': 4}, {'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 1, 'D': 5}]

Creating a list of dictionaries in python

[{'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 2, 'D': 4}, {'A': 1, 'C': 4, 'B': 1, 'D': 5}]

how to get all possible combination of items from 2-dimensional list in python?

get all possible combination of items from 2-dimensional list `a`

list(itertools.product(*a))

Pandas sum by groupby, but exclude certain columns

Get sum of values of columns 'Y1961', 'Y1962', 'Y1963' after group by on columns "Country" and "Item_code" in dataframe `df`.

df.groupby(['Country', 'Item_Code'])[['Y1961', 'Y1962', 'Y1963']].sum()

Python turning a list into a list of tuples

create list `done` containing permutations of each element in list `[a, b, c, d]` with variable `x` as tuples

done = [(el, x) for el in [a, b, c, d]]

Removing nan values from an array

remove Nan values from array `x`

x = x[numpy.logical_not(numpy.isnan(x))]

Removing the first folder in a path

remove first directory from path '/First/Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth'

os.path.join(*x.split(os.path.sep)[2:])

Replacing instances of a character in a string

Replace `;` with `:` in a string `line`

line = line.replace(';', ':')

Python - How to call bash commands with pipe?

call bash command 'tar c my_dir | md5sum' with pipe

subprocess.call('tar c my_dir | md5sum', shell=True)

hex string to character in python

Convert a hex string `437c2123 ` according to ascii value.

"""437c2123""".decode('hex')

Get required fields from Document in mongoengine?

Get a list of all fields in class `User` that are marked `required`

[k for k, v in User._fields.items() if v.required]

Pandas remove column by index

remove column by index `[:, 0:2]` in dataframe `df`

df = df.ix[:, 0:2]

Change a string of integers separated by spaces to a list of int

change a string of integers `x` separated by spaces to a list of int

x = map(int, x.split())

Change a string of integers separated by spaces to a list of int

convert a string of integers `x` separated by spaces to a list of integers

x = [int(i) for i in x.split()]

Find and click an item from 'onclick' partial value

find element by css selector "input[onclick*='1 Bedroom Deluxe']"

driver.find_element_by_css_selector("input[onclick*='1 Bedroom Deluxe']")

Python / Remove special character from string

re.sub('[^a-zA-Z0-9-_*.]', '', my_string)

How to display a pdf that has been downloaded in python

display a pdf file that has been downloaded as `my_pdf.pdf`

webbrowser.open('file:///my_pdf.pdf')

Removing backslashes from a string in Python

replace backslashes in string `result` with empty string ''

result = result.replace('\\', '')

Removing backslashes from a string in Python

remove backslashes from string `result`

result.replace('\\', '')

Replace value in any column in pandas dataframe

replace value '-' in any column of pandas dataframe to "NaN"

df.replace('-', 'NaN')

How do I convert datetime to date (in Python)?

convert datetime object to date object in python

datetime.datetime.now().date()

How do I convert datetime to date (in Python)?

datetime.datetime.now().date()

How to get all sub-elements of an element tree with Python ElementTree?

get all sub-elements of an element `a` in an elementtree

[elem.tag for elem in a.iter()]

How to get all sub-elements of an element tree with Python ElementTree?

get all sub-elements of an element tree `a` excluding the root element

[elem.tag for elem in a.iter() if elem is not a]

How can I split and parse a string in Python?

"""2.7.0_bf4fda703454""".split('_')

Python - Move elements in a list of dictionaries to the end of the list

move dictionaries in list `lst` to the end of the list if value of key 'language' in each dictionary is not equal to 'en'

sorted(lst, key=lambda x: x['language'] != 'en')

How to check if all values of a dictionary are 0, in Python?

check if all values of a dictionary `your_dict` are zero `0`

all(value == 0 for value in list(your_dict.values()))

Python Pandas Pivot Table

produce a pivot table as dataframe using column 'Y' in datafram `df` to form the axes of the resulting dataframe

df.pivot_table('Y', rows='X', cols='X2')

do a try-except without handling the exception

call `doSomething()` in a try-except without handling the exception

try: doSomething() except: pass

do a try-except without handling the exception

call `doSomething()` in a try-except without handling the exception

try: doSomething() except Exception: pass

Python - Sum 4D Array

get a sum of 4d array `M`

M.sum(axis=0).sum(axis=0)

Python datetime to microtime

Convert a datetime object `dt` to microtime

time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) + dt.microsecond / 1000000.0

How to check if any value of a column is in a range in Pandas?

select all rows in dataframe `df` where the values of column 'columnX' is bigger than or equal to `x` and smaller than or equal to `y`

df[(x <= df['columnX']) & (df['columnX'] <= y)]

sort a list of lists by a specific index of the inner list

sort a list of lists `L` by index 2 of the inner list

sorted(L, key=itemgetter(2))

sort a list of lists by a specific index of the inner list

sort a list of lists `l` by index 2 of the inner list

l.sort(key=(lambda x: x[2]))

sort a list of lists by a specific index

sort list `l` by index 2 of the item

sorted(l, key=(lambda x: x[2]))

sort a list of lists by a specific index

sort a list of lists `list_to_sort` by indices 2,0,1 of the inner list

sorted_list = sorted(list_to_sort, key=itemgetter(2, 0, 1))

How to find row of 2d array in 3d numpy array

find rows of 2d array in 3d numpy array 'arr' if the row has value '[[0, 3], [3, 0]]'

np.argwhere(np.all(arr == [[0, 3], [3, 0]], axis=(1, 2)))

How to select only specific columns from a DataFrame with MultiIndex columns?

From multiIndexed dataframe `data` select columns `a` and `c` within each higher order column `one` and `two`

data.loc[:, (list(itertools.product(['one', 'two'], ['a', 'c'])))]

How to select only specific columns from a DataFrame with MultiIndex columns?

select only specific columns 'a' and 'c' from a dataframe 'data' with multiindex columns

data.loc[:, ([('one', 'a'), ('one', 'c'), ('two', 'a'), ('two', 'c')])]

How to account for accent characters for regex in Python?

match a sharp, followed by letters (including accent characters) in string `str1` using a regex

hashtags = re.findall('#(\\w+)', str1, re.UNICODE)

Rename Files

Rename file from `src` to `dst`

os.rename(src, dst)

How to get text for a root element using lxml?

Get all texts and tags from a tag `strong` from etree tag `some_tag` using lxml

print(etree.tostring(some_tag.find('strong')))

Saving dictionary whose keys are tuples with json, python

Serialize dictionary `data` and its keys to a JSON formatted string

json.dumps({str(k): v for k, v in data.items()})

How to correctly parse UTF-8 encoded HTML to Unicode strings with BeautifulSoup?

parse UTF-8 encoded HTML response `response` to BeautifulSoup object

soup = BeautifulSoup(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

How to delete a file without an extension?

delete file `filename`

os.remove(filename)

Get the immediate minimum among a list of numbers in python

get the next value greatest to `2` from a list of numbers `num_list`

min([x for x in num_list if x > 2])

pandas: replace string with another string

Replace each value in column 'prod_type' of dataframe `df` with string 'responsive'

df['prod_type'] = 'responsive'

How do I sort a list with positives coming before negatives with values sorted respectively?

sort list `lst` with positives coming before negatives with values sorted respectively

sorted(lst, key=lambda x: (x < 0, x))

How do I calculate the date six months from the current date

get the date 6 months from today

six_months = (date.today() + relativedelta(months=(+ 6)))

How do I calculate the date six months from the current date

get the date 1 month from today

(date(2010, 12, 31) + relativedelta(months=(+ 1)))

How do I calculate the date six months from the current date

get the date 2 months from today

(date(2010, 12, 31) + relativedelta(months=(+ 2)))

calculate the date six months from the current date

calculate the date six months from the current date

print((datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(((6 * 365) / 12))).isoformat())

Finding The Biggest Key In A Python Dictionary

get a list of keys of dictionary `things` sorted by the value of nested dictionary key 'weight'

sorted(list(things.keys()), key=lambda x: things[x]['weight'], reverse=True)

how to get all the values from a numpy array excluding a certain index?

get all the values from a numpy array `a` excluding index 3

a[np.arange(len(a)) != 3]

what is a quick way to delete all elements from a list that do not satisfy a constraint?

delete all elements from a list `x` if a function `fn` taking value as parameter returns `0`

[x for x in lst if fn(x) != 0]

Python Pandas - Date Column to Column index

set dataframe `df` index using column 'month'

df.set_index('month')

How to read lines from a file into a multidimensional array (or an array of lists) in python

read lines from a csv file `./urls-eu.csv` into a list of lists `arr`

arr = [line.split(',') for line in open('./urls-eu.csv')]

python list comprehension with multiple 'if's

list comprehension that produces integers between 11 and 19

[i for i in range(100) if i > 10 if i < 20]

Removing letters from a list of both numbers and letters

Get only digits from a string `strs`

"""""".join([c for c in strs if c.isdigit()])

splitting a string based on tab in the file

split a string `yas` based on tab '\t'

re.split('\\t+', yas.rstrip('\t'))

numpy matrix multiplication

scalar multiply matrix `a` by `b`

(a.T * b).T

remove (chomp) a newline

remove trailing newline in string "test string\n"

'test string\n'.rstrip()

remove (chomp) a newline

remove trailing newline in string 'test string \n\n'

'test string \n\n'.rstrip('\n')

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string `s`

s.strip()

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string `s` on the right side

s.rstrip()

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string `s` on the left side

s.lstrip()

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string 'Mac EOL\r'

'Mac EOL\r'.rstrip('\r\n')

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string 'Windows EOL\r\n' on the right side

'Windows EOL\r\n'.rstrip('\r\n')

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string 'Unix EOL\n' on the right side

'Unix EOL\n'.rstrip('\r\n')

remove (chomp) a newline

remove newline in string "Hello\n\n\n" on the right side

'Hello\n\n\n'.rstrip('\n')

Python - split sentence after words but with maximum of n characters in result

split string `text` into chunks of 16 characters each

re.findall('.{,16}\\b', text)

NumPy List Comprehension Syntax

Get a list comprehension in list of lists `X`

[[X[i][j] for j in range(len(X[i]))] for i in range(len(X))]

Convert unicode string to byte string

convert unicode string '\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0' to byte string

'\xd0\xbc\xd0\xb0\xd1\x80\xd0\xba\xd0\xb0'.encode('latin-1')

Best way to split a DataFrame given an edge

split dataframe `df` where the value of column `a` is equal to 'B'

df.groupby((df.a == 'B').shift(1).fillna(0).cumsum())

Save JSON outputed from a URL to a file

save json output from a url ‘http://search.twitter.com/search.json?q=hi’ to file ‘hi.json’ in Python 2

urllib.request.urlretrieve('http://search.twitter.com/search.json?q=hi', 'hi.json')

Find indices of elements equal to zero from numpy array

Find indices of elements equal to zero from numpy array `x`

numpy.where((x == 0))[0]

python, subprocess: reading output from subprocess

flush output of python print

sys.stdout.flush()

Converting integer to string

convert `i` to string

str(i)

Converting integer to string

convert `a` to string

a.__str__()