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Climate scientists say that aspects of the case of Hurricane Harvey suggest global warming is making a bad situation worse.

"It's a fact: climate change made Hurricane Harvey more deadly".

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Hurricane Harvey

“The chain of events that links the melting Arctic with weather to the south begins with rising global temperatures causing more sea ice to melt.

The fast rate of the sea ice melting is resulting in the oceans absorbing and heating up the Arctic.

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Arctic sea ice decline

Yet, according to NASA, only one temperature sensing station is necessary for the two cities and the vast area between them to be adequately represented in their network.”

They concluded that global mean temperatures can be determined even though meteorological stations are typically in the Northern hemisphere and confined to continental regions.

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James Hansen

Warming trends agree well with surface temperatures and model predictions except near the Poles.

These models project an upward trend in the surface temperature record, as well as a more rapid increase in temperature at higher altitudes.

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General circulation model

Models and direct observations find that CFCs only contribute a fraction of the warming supplied by other greenhouse gases.

Increases in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone have correspondingly strengthened their absorption and emission of infrared radiation, causing the rise in average global temperature since the mid-20th century.

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Carbon dioxide

There was, he said, an ‘inherent bias’ in scientific journals which predisposed them to publish ‘doom and gloom stories’.

In his 2008 book Wealth, War and Wisdom, Biggs has a gloomy outlook for the economic future, and suggests that investors take survivalist measures.

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Survivalism

Arctic summer sea ice has shrunk by an area equal to Western Australia, and might be all gone in a decade.

The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%.

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Arctic Ocean

Al Gore's book is quite accurate, and far more accurate than contrarian books.

In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research", he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court.

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Al Gore

There was, he said, an ‘inherent bias’ in scientific journals which predisposed them to publish ‘doom and gloom stories’.

Some journals, such as Nature, Science, PNAS, and Physical Review Letters, have a reputation of publishing articles that mark a fundamental breakthrough in their respective fields.

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Scientific journal

Global sea level rise surged between November 2014 and February 2016, with the El Niño event helping the oceans rise by 15mm.

The 2014–16 El Niño was a warming of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that resulted in unusually warm waters developing between the coast of South America and the International Date Line.

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2014–16 El Niño event

At four degrees, the deadly European heat wave of 2003, which killed as many as 2,000 people a day, will be a normal summer.

The European heat wave of 2006 was the second massive heat wave to hit the continent in four years, with temperatures rising to 40 °C (104 °F) in Paris; in Ireland, which has a moderate maritime climate, temperatures of over 32 °C (90 °F) were reported.

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List of heat waves

The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites, and by natural thermometers.

For North America and Europe, such practice could reduce earth warming trends.

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Urbanization

When water temperatures become too high, coral becomes stressed and expels the algae, which leave the coral a bleached white color.

Coral that loses a large fraction of its zooxanthellae becomes white (or sometimes pastel shades in corals that are pigmented with their own proteins) and is said to be bleached, a condition which, unless corrected, can kill the coral.

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Coral reef

[O]ne of the previously fastest shrinking glaciers in the world is growing again, calling into question the narrative that rapid climate change [...]

: 'Conception is defined as the beginning of life.']"

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Begging the question

as time progresses and fossil fuel emissions increase, the number of record highs should increase and record lows should decrease.

The 10th Emissions Gap Report issued by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) predicts that if emissions continue to increase at the same rate as they have in 2010–2020, global temperatures would rise by as much as 4° by 2100.

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Global warming

Lindzen and Choi find low climate sensitivity

"Missing iris effect as a possible cause of muted hydrological change and high climate sensitivity in models".

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Iris hypothesis

Earth's changing climate is a critical issue and poses the risk of significant environmental, social and economic disruptions around the globe.

Analysis of consumption patterns relates resource use to the environmental, social and economic impacts at the scale or context under investigation.

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Sustainability

"a paper...in Science magazine concludes that the climate sensitivity—how much the earth’s average temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide—likely (that is, with a 66% probability) lies in the range 1.7°C to 2.6°C, with a median value of 2.3°C.

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is the temperature increase that would result from sustained doubling of the concentration of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, after the Earth's energy budget and the climate system reach radiative equilibrium.

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Climate sensitivity

A 14 August 1912 article from a New Zealand newspaper contained a brief story about how burning coal might produce future warming by adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Coal production is a major contributor to global warming: burning coal generates large quantities of carbon dioxide and mining operations can release methane, a known greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere.

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Coal mining

A natural cycle requires a forcing, and no known forcing exists that fits the fingerprints of observed warming - except anthropogenic greenhouse gases.

Attributing detected temperature changes and extreme events to human-caused increases in greenhouse gases requires scientists to rule out known internal climate variability and natural external forcings.

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Global warming

Satellites measure Antarctica losing land ice at an accelerating rate.

A satellite record revealed that the overall increase in Antarctic sea ice extents reversed in 2014, with rapid rates of decrease in 2014–2017 reducing the Antarctic sea ice extents to their lowest values in the 40-y record.

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Antarctica

Plant stomata show higher and more variable CO2 levels.

Rates of leaf photosynthesis were shown to increase by 30–50% in C3 plants, and 10–25% in C4 under doubled CO2 levels.

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Stoma

While there are isolated cases of growing glaciers, the overwhelming trend in glaciers worldwide is retreat.

In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of glacier retreat across the region as a result of climate change.

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Himalayas

Venus is not hot because of a runaway greenhouse.

The CO 2-rich atmosphere generates the strongest greenhouse effect in the Solar System, creating surface temperatures of at least 735 K (462 °C; 864 °F).

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Venus

Earth about to enter 30-YEAR ‘Mini Ice Age’

15 (1): 1–30.

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Little Ice Age

The Arctic’s carbon bomb might be even more potent than we thought […] methane, a shorter-lived but far harder-hitting gas that could cause faster bursts of warming

Release of methane and carbon dioxide stored in permafrost could cause abrupt and severe global warming, as they are potent greenhouse gases.

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Arctic

"...the largest of all the positive or temperature-amplifying feedbacks in the UN’s arsenal is the water-vapor feedback.

Because water vapor is a greenhouse gas, this results in further warming and so is a "positive feedback" that amplifies the original warming.

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Greenhouse gas

However, since 1998, little warming has occurred while carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase.

An example of such an episode is the slower rate of surface temperature increase from 1998 to 2012, which was dubbed the global warming hiatus.

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Global warming

And since the last ice age ended almost exactly 11,500 years ago…" (Ice Age Now)

During the most recent North American glaciation, during the latter part of the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 13,300 years ago), ice sheets extended to about 45th parallel north.

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Ice age

Renew­ables such as wind turbines are environmentally disastrous because they pollute a huge land area, slice and dice birds and bats, kill insects that are bird food, create health problems for humans who live within kilometres of them, leave toxins around the turbine site and despoil the landscape.

These insects accumulate toxins in their exoskeletons and pass them on to insectivorous birds and bats.

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Human impact on the environment

The amount of warming caused by the anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 may be one of the most misunderstood subjects in climate science.

The surprising effect of this is that the global warming potential of CO is three times that of CO 2.

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Greenhouse gas

“Earlier this month, NASA scientists provided a visualization of a startling climate change trend — the Earth is getting greener, as viewed from space, especially in its rapidly warming northern regions.

Climate change is more accurate scientifically to describe the various effects of greenhouse gases on the world because it includes extreme weather, storms and changes in rainfall patterns, ocean acidification and sea level.".

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Global warming

Global warming leads to much quicker spread of the Zika virus because the increased temperature, "makes mosquitoes mature faster, . . .

Zika fever is mainly spread via the bite of mosquitoes of the Aedes type.

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Zika fever

Believers think the warming is man-made, while the skeptics believe the warming is natural and contributions from man are minimal and certainly not potentially catastrophic à la Al Gore.'

The disputed issues include the causes of increased global average air temperature, especially since the mid-20th century, whether this warming trend is unprecedented or within normal climatic variations, whether humankind has contributed significantly to it, and whether the increase is completely or partially an artifact of poor measurements.

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Global warming

The failure of the 2007 polar bear survival model is a simple fact that explodes the myth that polar bears are on their way to extinction.

For the first time since the demise of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, we face a global mass extinction of wildlife.

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Holocene extinction

Soares finds lack of correlation between CO2 and temperature

In time series analysis and statistics, the cross-correlation of a pair of random process is the correlation between values of the processes at different times, as a function of the two times.

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Cross-correlation

The monetary cost of damages has increased dramatically in recent decades, but that is due to increasing population, wealth and the amount of vulnerable infrastructure.

Losses caused by catastrophes, defined by the property insurance industry as storms causing insured losses over $5 million in the year of occurrence, have grown steadily in the United States from about $100 million annually in the 1950s to $6 billion per year in the 1990s, and the annual number of catastrophes grew from 10 in the 1950s to 35 in the 1990s.” Authors have pointed to several reasons why commercial insurance markets cannot adequately cover risks associated with climate change (Arrow et al., 1996, p. 72).

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Economics of global warming

A recent essay in Scientific American argued that scientists “tend to underestimate the severity of threats and the rapidity with which they might unfold” and said one of the reasons was “the perceived need for consensus.”

Further criticism stems from the fact that the phrase intelligent design makes use of an assumption of the quality of an observable intelligence, a concept that has no scientific consensus definition.

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Intelligent design

Neptune's orbit is 164 years so observations (1950 to present day) span less than a third of a Neptunian year.

Neptune's 164 year orbital period means that the planet takes an average of 13 years to move through each constellation of the zodiac.

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Neptune

The human contribution can be up to 30 percent or so of the total rainfall coming out of the storm

An average of 300 mm (12 in) of rainfall occurs during this period, which is about 60 percent of the annual precipitation.

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Saudi Arabia

Australia has more solar coverage than any other continent.

Australia is the driest inhabited continent; its annual rainfall averaged over continental area is less than 500 mm.

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Australia

Southern sea ice is increasing.

Any ice growth was slowed immensely and would lead to any present ice melting.

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Eocene

Seventeen of the 18 warmest years have occurred since 2000.

Summer (early June to mid September) is hot and sunny with a July and August average of 23 °C (73 °F).

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Constanța

While the greenhouse effect is a natural occurence, too much warming has severe negative impacts on agriculture, health and environment.

Future warming is projected to have a range of impacts, including sea level rise, increased frequencies and severities of some extreme weather events, loss of biodiversity, and regional changes in agricultural productivity.

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Greenhouse gas

Nor is there evidence of an increase in floods globally.

With the increase in temperatures worldwide due to climate change the increase in flooding is unavoidable.

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Effects of global warming on human health

We expect to see record cold temperatures even during global warming.

"Judging from the record of the past interglacial ages, the present time of high temperatures should be drawing to an end, to be followed by a long period of considerably colder temperatures leading into the next glacial age some 20,000 years from now."

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Global cooling

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide has helped raise global food production and reduce poverty.

In the 1980s and 1990s low world market prices for cereals and livestock resulted in decreased agricultural growth and increased rural poverty.

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Climate change and agriculture

By 2080, without dramatic reductions in emissions, southern Europe will be in permanent extreme drought, much worse than the American dust bowl ever was.

Climate change can be mitigated through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions or the enhancement of the capacity of carbon sinks to absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

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Global warming

Monsoons in China fail, the great rivers of Asia virtually dry up, and rainfall in central America falls by half.

A desert is a region of land that is very dry because it receives low amounts of precipitation (usually in the form of rain, but it may be snow, mist or fog), often has little coverage by plants, and in which streams dry up unless they are supplied by water from outside the area.

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Desert

A global network of 500 scientists and professionals has prepared this urgent message.

TIEMS is a Global Forum for Education, Training, Certification and Policy in Emergency and Disaster Management.

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Emergency management

more so than downsizing one’s car, or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering.

"Raising Awareness of Energy Efficient Light Bulbs Pays off in Rwanda".

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Phase-out of incandescent light bulbs

Only very few peer-reviewed papers even go so far as to say that recent warming is chiefly anthropogenic.

Institute of Biology policy page 'Climate Change' "there is scientific agreement that the rapid global warming that has occurred in recent years is mostly anthropogenic, ie due to human activity."

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Scientific consensus on climate change

The most vulnerable parts of the West Antarctic ice sheet could raise the sea level by 10 to 15 feet, inundating many of the world’s coastal cities, though most scientists think that would take well over a century, or perhaps longer.

It has been hypothesised that this disintegration could raise sea levels by approximately 3.3 metres (11 ft).

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West Antarctic Ice Sheet

Sea level rise is not going to happen.

Between 1900 and 2016, the sea level rose by 16–21 cm (6.3–8.3 in).

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Sea level rise

In one particularly damning email, CRU director Phil Jones said he had used ‘Mike’s Nature trick’ to ‘hide the decline’ in temperatures in the second half of the 20th century.

In August 2009 its director, Phil Jones, told the science journal Nature that he was working to make the data publicly available with the agreement of its owners but this was expected to take some months, and objections were anticipated from National Meteorological Organisations that made money from selling the data.

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Climatic Research Unit

Glaciers are retreating almost everywhere around the world — including in the Alps, Himalayas, Andes, Rockies, Alaska and Africa.

Following the Little Ice Age's end around 1850, glaciers around the Earth have retreated substantially.

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Glacier

The carbon tax is partly to blame for the closure of Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter.

In June 2013, Alcoa announced it would permanently close its Fusina primary aluminium smelter in Venice, Italy, where production had been curtailed since June 2010.

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Alcoa

Sea-level rise does not seem to depend on ocean temperature, and certainly not on CO2.

The Atlantic is set to warm at a faster pace than the Pacific.

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Sea level rise

The Obama administration "has been constrained by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, which basically gives the responsible party the lead role in trying to not only fix the problem, but contain the problem."

Biden then took the lead in trying to sell the agreement to a reluctant Democratic caucus in Congress, which was passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.

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Joe Biden

“Sea level rise is global.

Since at least the start of the 20th century, the average global sea level has been rising.

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Sea level rise

Individual carbon dioxide molecules have a short life time of around 5 years in the atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide is of greatest concern because it exerts a larger overall warming influence than all of these other gases combined and because it has a long atmospheric lifetime (hundreds to thousands of years).

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Carbon dioxide

"Cloud cover in models is poorly treated and inaccurately predicted.

Leading global models produce quite different results, however, with some showing increasing low clouds and others showing decreases.

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Cloud

More than 100 climate models over the past 30 years did not predict what actually happened because it was assumed carbon dioxide had the pivotal role in driving climate change and that the effects of clouds, back-radiation and the sun were trivial.

Computer models are run on supercomputers to reproduce and predict the circulation of the oceans, the annual cycle of the seasons, and the flows of carbon between the land surface and the atmosphere.

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Global warming

In truth, the overwhelming majority of climate-research funding comes from the federal government and left-wing foundations.

Proponents of the bill argued that it would provide steady funding to support research and restoration projects, funded primarily by dedicating 12.5% of revenues from offshore energy development, including oil, gas, and renewable energy, through offshore lease sales and production based royalty payments, distributed through a competitive grant program.

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Ted Cruz

Ben Santer rewrote the 1995 IPCC report

The IPCC First Assessment Report (FAR) was completed in 1990, and served as the basis of the UNFCCC.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

If CO2 was so terrible for the planet, then installing a CO2 generator in a greenhouse would kill the plants.

These gases are proposed for introduction because they generate a greenhouse effect thousands of times stronger than that of CO 2.

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Terraforming of Mars

“As it happens, Zika may also be a good model of the second worrying effect — disease mutation.

This is especially useful studying diseases in adults by allowing expression after a certain period of growth, thus eliminating the deleterious effect of gene expression seen during stages of development in model organisms.

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Mutation

There’s no trend in hurricane-related flooding in the U.S.

Storm surge and heavy rainfall contributed to flooding, particularly in low-lying locales and across New Hampshire.

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2008 Atlantic hurricane season

The consequences of climate change become increasingly bad after each additional degree of warming, with the consequences of 2°C being quite damaging and the consequences of 4°C being potentially catastrophic.

It is a major aspect of climate change, and has been demonstrated by the instrumental temperature record which shows global warming of around 1 °C since the pre-industrial period, although the bulk of this (0.9°C) has occurred since 1970.

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Effects of global warming

Just 1.25 per cent of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere-ocean system has been released by ­humans in the past 250 years.

Currently, about half of the carbon dioxide released from the burning of fossil fuels remains in the atmosphere and is not absorbed by vegetation and the oceans.

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Carbon dioxide

By 2050 there’s a scientific consensus that we reached the tipping point for ice sheets in Greenland and the West Antarctic

A 2019 UNEP study indicates that now at least for the Arctic and the Greenland ice sheet a tipping point has already been reached.

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Tipping points in the climate system

The heaviest precipitation events will become more frequent and more extreme.

Almost all of India is flood-prone, and extreme precipitation events, such as flash floods and torrential rains, have become increasingly common in central India over the past several decades, coinciding with rising temperatures.

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Climate of India

That drop in temperature came after what was described in the National Geographic as 'six decades of abnormal warmth'."

"The next five years will be 'anomalously warm,' scientists predict".

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Global warming

Over the last decade, heatwaves are five times more likely than if there had been no global warming.

The effects of climate change have been projected to make heat waves in places such as Europe up to five times more likely to occur.

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Heat wave

“A leading Canadian authority on polar bears, Mitch Taylor, said: ‘We’re seeing an increase in bears that’s really unprecedented, and in places where we’re seeing a decrease in the population

[citation needed] In 2012, a survey of caribou herds found that the local population was only about 5,000, a decrease of as much as 95% from the 1990s.

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Baffin Island

With that in mind, they propose a plausible and terrifying “2050 scenario” whereby humanity could face irreversible collapse in just three decades.

Chalmers' argument is that it seems plausible that such a being could exist because all that is needed is that all and only the things that the physical sciences describe and observe about a human being must be true of the zombie.

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Mind–body dualism

alarmists here are taking overwhelmingly good news about global warming improving plant health and making it seem like this good news is actually bad news because healthier plants mean more pollen.

"Doctors Warn Climate Change Threatens Public Health; Physicians are noticing an influx of patients whose illnesses are directly or indirectly related to global warming".

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Effects of global warming on human health

Yet a study published just this week, by the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research in Bergen, Norway, found that the natural climate system can change abruptly, without the need for any external forces.

The Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research is a climate research centre in Bergen, Norway.

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Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research

Methane plays a minor role in global warming but could get much worse if permafrost starts to melt.

It is thought that permafrost thawing could exacerbate global warming by releasing methane and other hydrocarbons, which are powerful greenhouse gases.

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Permafrost

What you were not told was that the data that triggered this record is only available back to the late 1970s.

The FBI Operation Crossfire Hurricane investigation into Russian interference, which started on July 31, 2016, was not triggered by the dossier, but the dossier is still the subject of the Russia investigation origins counter-narrative, a conspiracy theory pushed by Trump and Fox News.

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Steele dossier

We didn't have global warming during the Industrial Revolution.

Human activity since the Industrial Revolution has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO2, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs, and nitrous oxide.

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Global warming

CO2 does not cause climate change, it RESPONDS to it [...]

"Adaptation To Global Climate Change Is An Essential Response To A Warming Planet".

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Climate change adaptation

The data suggests solar activity is influencing the global climate causing the world to get warmer."

Danish physicist Henrik Svensmark has controversially argued that because solar variation modulates the cosmic ray flux on Earth, they would consequently affect the rate of cloud formation and hence be an indirect cause of global warming.

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Cosmic ray

“Right now, the shelf works like a giant bottle-stopper that slows down ice trying to flow from the land into the sea.

The Ross Ice Shelf pushes out into the sea at between 1.5 and 3 m (5 and 10 ft) a day.

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Ross Ice Shelf

"NASA satellite data from the years 2000 through 2011 show the Earth's atmosphere is allowing far more heat to be released into space than alarmist computer models have predicted, reports a new study in the peer-reviewed science journal Remote Sensing.

Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) The VIMS was a remote sensing instrument that captured images using visible and infrared light to learn more about the composition of moon surfaces, the rings, and the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan.

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Cassini–Huygens

Newspaper Article from 1922 Discusses Arctic Ocean Climate Change

rising sea levels, shrinking Arctic sea ice).

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Global warming

Postma disproved the greenhouse effect.

The consensus theory of the scientific community is that the resulting greenhouse effect is a principal cause of the increase in global warming which has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice.

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Ice age

Most people expect this year will see a record low in the Arctic’s summer sea-ice cover.

"Absurd January Warmth in Arctic Brings Record-Low Sea Ice Extent".

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Arctic sea ice decline

When the exact same group of 'experts' who claimed it was global cooling in 1977 now claim it's global warming you can easily see why I am skeptical

John Wallace of the University of Washington agreed with Lindzen that progress in climate change science had been exaggerated, but said there are "relatively few scientists who are as skeptical of the whole thing as Dick [Lindzen] is".

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Richard Lindzen

The Independent Climate Change Email Review investigated the CRU scientists' actions relating to peer review.

The Independent Climate Change Email Review, an independent review funded by the University of East Anglia and chaired by Sir Muir Russell, examined allegations that the emails showed attempts to undermine normal procedures of publication.

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Soon and Baliunas controversy

In a paper published online this week in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmosphere, economics professor Ross McKitrick says the resulting discrepancies may be leading to an overstatement of the role of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (December 17, 2008), scientists detailed evidence in support of the controversial idea that the introduction of large-scale rice agriculture in Asia, coupled with extensive deforestation in Europe began to alter world climate by pumping significant amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over the last 1,000 years.

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Ice age

I conclude that it must be ice accumulation, through evaporation of ocean water, and subsequent precipitation turning into ice.

Each year about 8 mm (0.31 in) of precipitation (liquid equivalent) falls on the ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, mostly as snow, which accumulates and over time forms glacial ice.

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Sea level rise

On the other side of the Atlantic ocean, climates are typically milder as a result of the cooling from the Gulf Stream.

Although there has been recent debate, there is consensus that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be due to the North Atlantic Current which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream.

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Gulf Stream

The number of record high temperature events in the United States has been increasing, while the number of record low temperature events has been decreasing, since 1950.

Over most land areas since the 1950s, it is very likely that at all times of year both days and nights have become warmer due to human activities.

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Effects of global warming

Since the hockey stick paper in 1998, there have been a number of proxy studies analysing a variety of different sources including corals, stalagmites, tree rings, boreholes and ice cores.

Paleoclimatology uses a variety of proxy methods from the Earth and life sciences to obtain data previously preserved within rocks, sediments, boreholes, ice sheets, tree rings, corals, shells, and microfossils.

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Paleoclimatology

Scientists have known for some time, from multiple lines of evidence, that humans are changing Earth’s climate, primarily through greenhouse gas emissions.

Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of land, have increased the concentration of carbon dioxide, methane, and other heat-trapping ("greenhouse") gases in the atmosphere...There is international scientific consensus that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.

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Scientific consensus on climate change

When the measuring equipment gets old and needs replacing, it often requires re-calibration.

This tool is usually used by piping pink noise into the system and measuring the result with a special calibrated microphone connected to the RTA.

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Sound reinforcement system

There are already more American jobs in the solar industry than in coal mining.

Renewable power has been more effective in creating jobs than coal or oil in the United States.

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Renewable energy commercialization

Temperature errors in the Great Lakes region are not incorporated in any of the global mean temperature records.

It is characterized by high annual precipitation and the absence of any significant seasonal variation in temperature.

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Glossary of geography terms

Adapting to global warming is cheaper than preventing it

The capacity and potential for humans to adapt, called adaptive capacity, is unevenly distributed across different regions and populations, and developing countries generally have less capacity to adapt.

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Global warming