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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -980 | "Tlatilco culture is at its peak. the site was used in modern times as a source of clay. it is possible that the village fluorished for pottery artisans." | "La cultura Tlatilco è al suo apice. Il sito è stato utilizzato in tempi moderni come fonte di argilla. È possibile che il villaggio fiorisse per gli artigiani della ceramica." | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -990 | "after 1000 BC there is an abrupt change in ceramics: figurines of costumed males give way to those of nude females and Olmec-derived iconography evolves into a more native appearance. These are likely reflective of a change in religious practices [Bradley and Joralemon 1993]. possible type of cult of fertility" | "dopo il 1000 a.C. si verifica un brusco cambiamento nella ceramica: le figurine di uomini in costume lasciano il posto a quelle di donne nude e l'iconografia di derivazione olmeca si evolve in un aspetto più nativo. Questi riflettono probabilmente un cambiamento nelle pratiche religiose [Bradley e Joralemon 1993 ]. possibile tipo di culto della fertilità" | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,000 | null | null | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,010 | null | null | 0 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,020 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,030 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,040 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,050 | "in Tlatilco the burials of high status individuals show evidence of dental mutilation and artificial cranial deformation most probably through the use of cradleboards. since neolithic the physical defomation is a sign of god." | "a Tlatilco le sepolture di individui di alto rango mostrano prove di mutilazione dentale e deformazione cranica artificiale molto probabilmente attraverso l'uso di culle. Dal Neolitico la deformazione fisica è un segno di dio." | 3 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,060 | null | null | 3 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,070 | null | null | 2 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,080 | null | null | 2 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,090 | null | null | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,100 | null | null | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,110 | null | null | 0 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,120 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,130 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,140 | null | null | 4 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,150 | "there were approximately 5000 people in the Basin of Mexico around 1150 BC. [Spencer Charles S. and Elsa M. Redmond. Primary state formation in Mesoamerica. Annual Review of Anthropology (2004): 173-199.]" | "c'erano circa 5000 persone nel bacino del Messico intorno al 1150 a.C. [Spencer Charles S. ed Elsa M. Redmond. Formazione primaria dello stato in Mesoamerica. Revisione annuale di antropologia (2004): 173-199.]" | 3 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,160 | null | null | 3 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,170 | null | null | 2 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,180 | null | null | 2 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,190 | null | null | 1 |
MxTlac* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,200 | "Begin of Tlatlico culture (Mexico City) influnced by Olmecs. Change in motives on pottery. This period also saw a significant increase in long distance trade of obsidian and greenstone. social stratification." | "Inizio della cultura di Tlatlico (Città del Messico) influenzata dagli Olmechi. Cambiamento di motivazioni riguardo alla ceramica. Questo periodo vide anche un aumento significativo del commercio a lunga distanza di ossidiana e pietra verde. Stratificazione sociale." | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,210 | "possible migration; expansion or influence on Tlatilco by Olmecs" | "possibile migrazione; espansione o influenza su Tlatilco da parte degli Olmechi" | 0 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,220 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,230 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,240 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,250 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,260 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,270 | null | null | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,280 | null | null | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,290 | null | null | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,300 | "Olmec expansion: emergence of sites of La Venta; Tres Zapotes and Laguna de los Cerros. Olmecs reigned from c. 1400–400 BC | "Espansione olmeca: comparsa dei siti di La Venta; Tres Zapotes e Laguna de los Cerros. Gli Olmechi regnarono dal 1400–400 aC circa | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,310 | null | null | 0 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,320 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,330 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,340 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,350 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,360 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,370 | "the Olmec elite class created the demand for the production of the symbolic and sophisticated luxury artifacts that define Olmec culture like obsidian and greenstone." | "la classe d'élite olmeca ha creato la domanda per la produzione di manufatti di lusso simbolici e sofisticati che definiscono la cultura olmeca come l'ossidiana e la pietra verde". | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,380 | "The production of food surpluses is necessary for the development of social and political hierarchies and Olmec s high agricultural productivity + natural abundance of aquatic foods supported their growth and cultural export. [Pool C. A. (2007). Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. pp. 26–27]" | "La produzione di eccedenze alimentari è necessaria per lo sviluppo delle gerarchie sociali e politiche e l'elevata produttività agricola degli Olmechi e l'abbondanza naturale di alimenti acquatici hanno sostenuto la loro crescita e l'esportazione culturale. [Pool C. A. (2007). Olmec Archaeology and Early Mesoamerica. pp. 26–27]" | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,390 | null | null | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,400 | "opening of an obsidian route from the west coast of Guerrero (La Zanja) to the valley of Oaxaca; Mexico Valley and with less intensity to Veracruz (the Olmecs heartland) [Ebert C. E. Dennison M. Hirth K. G. McClure S. B. & Kennett D. J. (2015). Formative Period Obsidian Exchange along the Pacific Coast of Mesoamerica. Archaeometry 57 54-73.]. possible obsidian trade to Veracruz also from Guatemala" | "apertura di una via dell'ossidiana dalla costa occidentale di Guerrero (La Zanja) alla valle di Oaxaca; Valle del Messico e con minore intensità fino a Veracruz (il cuore degli Olmechi) [Ebert C. E. Dennison M. Hirth K. G. McClure S. B. & Kennett D. J. (2015 ). Periodo formativo Scambio di ossidiana lungo la costa del Pacifico della Mesoamerica 57 54-73.]. possibile commercio di ossidiana a Veracruz anche dal Guatemala" | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,410 | null | null | 0 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,420 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,430 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,440 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,450 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,460 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,470 | null | null | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,480 | null | null | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,490 | null | null | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,500 | null | null | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,510 | null | null | 0 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,520 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,530 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,540 | null | null | 4 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,550 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,560 | null | null | 3 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,570 | "Olmec religious activities were performed by rulers and shamans. The rulers seem to have been the most important religious figures. the pantheon included superhuman creatures (feathered serpent) and material cullture with transformation figurines [Diehl R A. (2004). The Olmecs : America s First Civilization p. 106]" | "Le attività religiose degli Olmechi erano svolte da governanti e sciamani. I governanti sembrano essere stati le figure religiose più importanti. Il pantheon comprendeva creature sovrumane (serpenti piumati) e cultura materiale con figurine di trasformazione [Diehl R A. (2004). Gli Olmechi: La prima civiltà americana p. 106]" | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,580 | null | null | 2 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,590 | null | null | 1 |
MxOlmc* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,600 | "Olmec first appeared along the Atlantic east coast ca 1600 BC. They possibly introduced bloodletting and human sacrifice. Probable religious reforms that give more power to the elite and centralize the society with a capital settlement in San Lorenzo. in central Mexico the Tlatilco village counted about 1700 people while about 600 were probably other villages and tribes. the new capital attracts people." | "Gli Olmechi apparvero per la prima volta lungo la costa orientale dell'Atlantico intorno al 1600 a.C. Probabilmente introdussero salassi e sacrifici umani. Probabili riforme religiose che danno più potere all'élite e centralizzano la società con un insediamento capitale a San Lorenzo. Nel Messico centrale contava il villaggio di Tlatilco circa 1700 persone mentre circa 600 erano probabilmente altri villaggi e tribù che la nuova capitale attira persone." | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,610 | null | null | 0 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,620 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,630 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,640 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,650 | "Mesoamerican ballgame was a sport with ritual function played with a 4kg rubber ball in ballcourts since at least 1650 BC [Jeffrey P. Blomster and Víctor E. Salazar Chávez. 2020. Origins of the Mesoamerican ballgame: Earliest ballcourt from the highlands found at Etlatongo Oaxaca Mexico Science Advances] possibly orginated from Maya. Its symbology is a proxy for warfare and associated to fertility." | "Il gioco della palla mesoamericano era uno sport con funzione rituale giocato con una palla di gomma di 4 kg nei campi da gioco almeno dal 1650 a.C. [Jeffrey P. Blomster e Víctor E. Salazar Chávez. 2020. Origini del gioco della palla mesoamericano: il primo campo da gioco degli altopiani trovato a Etlatongo Oaxaca Mexico Science Advances] probabilmente ha avuto origine dai Maya. La sua simbologia è un simbolo della guerra ed è associata alla fertilità. | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,660 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,670 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,680 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,690 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,700 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,710 | null | null | 0 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,720 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,730 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,740 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,750 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,760 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,770 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,780 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,790 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,800 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,810 | null | null | 0 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,820 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,830 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,840 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,850 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,860 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,870 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,880 | null | null | 2 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,890 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,900 | null | null | 1 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,910 | null | null | 0 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,920 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,930 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,940 | null | null | 4 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,950 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,960 | null | null | 3 |
MxPrec* | BasinofMexico | NorthAmerica | o | ancient | supposed | -1,970 | null | null | 2 |